UMASS/AMHERST

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"fust

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
LIBRARY

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LIBRARY

UNIVf

c -v

F

Mf^S^f" irtjJS

47th Year

JANUARY 3, 1907

Number 1

TWENTY=PAQE NUMBER

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

Pr3LlS3ED WEKKLT BT

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Streei, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THB SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
81.1IO a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cen ts a year extra for postaxe. Sample co py free.

THE WBAPPBR-LABBL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is pa-.d.
For instance. "deciiS" on your label shows that it Is
paid 10 the end of December. 19^6.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

fldvertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than }i inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times S per cent

13 " ...10 "
26 " ....20 "
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... S per cent
500 " ...10 "
1000 " ...20 "
200O " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading- Notices, 25 cents, count line, snbject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I9t.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and delend its members in their
lawful riebte.

3d.— To enforce laws against tbe adulteration of
boaey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer—

N. E. Fra>'CE, Platteville, Wlfc

1^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to tlM
ubiishers of tbe American Bee Journal.

Dee-Keepers'
Souvenir Postal Card

.sJaV*!

- O wCNT TOO BEE rrr HONEY.

Ana CHKR THIS tONELY HEARTJ
FOD I WOULD nuO 'TOO ALL THE Tin£ ,
AnO Wt WOULD NEVEft PART

Pbicbs, postpaid : 3 cards for 10 cents
stamps or silver), or free with the American
Bee Journal oneyearat SI. 00; 10 for25 cents.
There is a blank space on the card about 2 by
2J-J inches in size for writing. Send all
orders to

QEORQE W.

334 Dearborn Street,

YORK & CO.

Chicago, III.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Special Bargains

in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hofifman
BROOD'FRAHES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging our factory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiary, and can save you money and delay at any time of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

Mlnnesoy B66-K66D6rs' SupDly Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

Nicollet Island, No. 33,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GomD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWX FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted
UPON the

GREATEST i POLITICAL * QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher
400 West 23kd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.
35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

COILED SPRING

FENCE

Closely Woven. Can not Sag.
Every wire and every twist 1 9
a brace to all other wires and
twists full hel^'ht of the fence.
Horse-high, Bull-strong. Pig-
tight. Kvery rod guaranteea.

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

and sold direct to farmer, trelght
prepaid, at lowest factory price.
Our Catalogue tells how Wire
Is made— how it is galvanized—
why some is good and some is
bad. Its brimful of fenti- facts.
You should havo this Informa-
tion, Write for Ittoday. It? Free.

KITSELMAM BROSn

Bos«,-5

MUNCIE. INDlAMA.

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing- but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Joornal XS^Stiff

Jan. 3, 1907

-»^^^i^^(^^^^^American ^ac Journal

<'If Goodn are wanted Quick, send to Ponder"

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods ai Root'sfricos

^#

^^

^

Everything used bv Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'5 HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

BEBSWZAX W^AMTED

I piiy highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Maite small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it tc you.

U'riiH for prices on J'^inest Extracted IToney. Certificate guaranteeiag purity with
every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

on early
orders for

Supplies...

f WALTER S. POUDER i

^ 5I» sin .^Ia»!<>a«liii!«etls Are.. li^l>I A.^APOL,IS, II^U. ^

,Le# Me Quote You My Direct Prices
On Split Hiclfory Buggies

I I am willintr to takeallchnnresonyiirnot llkintr one of my S|i|jt Hi<ki.ry vehicles.
Every bui_'y:y 1 sell i.'oes imt on ti-iai, huliject to bflnKru-iurned, arid ref undine: every cent
of ni'uey, if not satisfactory. My FREK eatuln^ of Sj.lit Hickory Bupt'lfs shows over
' 1^6 different styles of buggies, and a complete line of High-Grade Harne.ss. 1 want you
t' have this book. No matter where you buy. yi>u ought to read ^^—-—^.^
Miiat I have to t^ay about my direct method of sellinc: at prices ^^S^SBS^ Guaran-
that are from 30% to 50% lower than you cnn buy a hufrtrj- of 'V"" \\AiyjWi1 tead
as hitrh Quality elsewhere. All Diy Split Hickory vehicles are \XVa fMrl 2 Years

guaranteed 8 years. The Buprtry shown in this picture is ray WiW Mwul

l"t07 Split Hii-kory Special. I liavean entire factory d^vo.ed
, to the makintr of this «ne job. Write today fi ^r catalotr. A pos-

tal—NOW— and you getit by return mail, with low prices on the best Bug-
■ sand Ilainrss made. Address? me personally.

Hg% Dimnlnc^ President Ohio Carriage Mfg..Compai
■ Ob rlK^aps Station 322 Cincinnati, Ohio.

ny,

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save 35 to 50 Peroent on slightly damaged goods.

Lewis Goods at 3 percent Discount HHYi ^^H''o'y'E\^PACKAGEs.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, it you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction.

IS^ Send lor list ot Slightly Uuniaged Ooods to siielect Irom at
Reduced Prices.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, Yorii Honey and Bee-Supply Co. iNotino

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

TRAINLOAD OF BEE SUPPLIES

EhTgbuTC TO

3vW6ppMAN CO.

(V->i^ ORANDRAPIOS. MICM.

Si^^JS

)>-^^5>^(^ J

A Prophet of Profit

There Is plenty of money in Chlckeng if
your effort Is iDlelllgcntly directed.

Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

Profitable Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited lime only U.l cents per year.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E, .N. Eaton, M.8(;., ChejnlBi.
4 years Slate Chemist, Minnesota.

1) years State Analyst, lUinoig.
1235-1248 Caxton Building.

H34 Dearborn Street. Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

OLD FPIIOE

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

Smokers

Best on barth for 29 Years

Cost

5 cents more to make la
1907 than in 1906

Now is the tinae to buy, while they are cheap.

Copper, Tin, Leather. Steel, Wire,

and Wood —

are rising every day.

T. F. BINGHAM

Farweli, flich.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, ?1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 pp.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf

OSWEGO, ILL.

R.D. 1.

If you want the Bee-Book

PHat covers the whole Aplcultnral Field more

completely than an; other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlscoant* to the Trade.

S. 6. Bull Orpinptons

I have been breeding Buff Orpingtons for
several years, and have striven to improva
the stock every year. Have now some fine
Cockerels which I will sell for $1.50 each.

EDWIN BEVINS

51Atf LEON, IOWA.

GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE CLUBBING OFFERS

Delineator

McCiure's Magazine
World's Work

1 vr. $1.00
1.00
3.00

1 vr. $3.0 0
1.00
1.00

Review of Reviews...

Success Magazine

^^..man's Home Companion
Or any class A magazine.

Cosmopolitan or Success. .. 1 yr. $1.00

Yachting, or any class B. . " 3.00

Field and Stream " 4.00

Or any class 4 magazine.

American Boy 1 yr. 51-00

rasseir? Liitlle Folk^ '* 1.50

Metropolitan Magazine " 1.00

Any class A may be substituted.

Recreation or Appleton's. .1 yr. $1.50

Metropolitan Magazine " 1.50

Review of Reviews " 3.00

Woman's Home Companion " 1.00
Or any class A magazine.

Scribner's Magazine 1 yr. $3.00

Suburban Life " J-oO

House and Garden " 3.00

Any class 8 may be substituted.

Independent 1 yr.

Recreation or Appleton's...
Outing or Reader Magazine
Or any class B magazine.

Lippincott's 1 yr.

Cassell's or Recreation j|

Cosmopolitan

Or any one of class A.

Ainslee's Magazine 1 yr.

Metropolitan Magazine "

Outing Magazine

Or any class B magazine.

Outing Magazine 1 yr.

Metropolitan Magazine

Harper's or Leslie's Weekly "

Or Scribner's or Kermaic Studio.

American Boy 1 yr.

Pearson's Magazine ]|

I'ictorial Review

Or any class A magazine.

American Inventor 1 yr

Scientitic American []

Automobile Magazine

Or any class A magazine.

$2.00
1.50
3.00

$2.50
1.50
1.00

$1.S0
l.SO
3.00

$3.00
l.SO
6.00

lio.

$1.00
1.50
1.00

$1.00
3.00
2.00

OUR
PRICB

53.75
$3.60
$4.00
$3.30

$♦.65

$6.65
$4.70
$4 IS
$4.50
$6.40
$3.30
$4.80

^'oild To-day 1 !

Etude (for music lo\-ers) ... "

Recreation or Pearson's.... "

Or any class 4 magazine.

Century Magazine 1 ;

Current Literature "

Cassell's or Appleton's "

Or any class 4 magazine.

Putnam's Magazine 1 :

Country Life in America... "

Good Housekeeping "

Or any class A magazine.

Children's Magazine 1 yr. $1.00

Etude (for music lovers). . . " 1.50

Appleton's or Pearson's. ... " 1.50
Or any class 4 magazine.

OUR

PRICE

$1.50
■1 F|Q !S3.6c

$4.00
3.00
1.50

$3.00
4.00
1.00

$7.65
$7.15
$3.65

$4.00

3.00 $7.40

2.50

$2.65

Harper's Magazine or

Weekly 1 !

Reader or Outing "

Lippincott's Magazine "

Or any class 6 magazine.

Outing Magazine 1 yr. $3.00

■World To-day " lOO S4.15

Ainslee's Magazine " 1.80

Home Needlew'k Magazine. 1 yr. $0.75

Pictorial Review " 1.00

Modern Priscilta " .50

Or any class C magazine.

Good Housekeeping 1 yr. $1.00

Cassell's or Recreation " 1.50

Ladies' World " .50

Or any class 2 magazine.

Independent 1 yr. $2.00

Musician " l-^O

Outing Magazine " 3.00

Or any class B magazine.

Outdoor News (illustrated).! yr. $2.00

Burr Mcintosh " 3.00 qtc n^-,

Woman's Home Companion. " 1.00 fl'J.""-'
Or any class A magazine.

Little Folks (new sub-
scriber) 1 yr. $1.00

Woman's Home Companion. " 1.00 ;iS2.o5

Modern Priscilla " .50

ur any class C magazine.

1 All of the following offers i
f include (i leanings one year \

OUR]
PRiC

3.3

$3j

"U'orld To-day 1 yr. $1.50

Recreation or Pearson's.... " l.'od

Woman's Home Companion. " 1.00
Or any magazine in class A.

Musician or Etude 1 yr. $1.50

Home Magazine " 1-00

McCall's Magazine " -50

Or Housekeeper or any class C.

The Reader or any class B.l yr. $3.00

Keith's or any class 4 " 1.50 ca n

Success Magazine " 1-00 •fi^-'JWI

Or any class A magazine.

What to Eat 1 yr. $1.00

Harper's Bazar " 1.00

Pictorial Review " 1-00

Or any class A magazine.

American Boy 1 yr.

National Magazine "

Cassell's Little Folks '*

Or any class E magazine.

$1.00
1.00
1.50

$1.50
1.00
1.50

$3.00

$4.70

Cassell's or Quiver 1 yr.

American Magazine *'

Broadway Magazine "

Or any class 4 magazine.

Children's Magazine 1 yr.

Home Needlew'rk Magazine "
Or any class A m.agazine.

Burr Mcintosh 1 yr. $3.00

Scribner's Magazine " 3.00

Metropolitan Magazine " l.SO

Or any class E magazine.

Suburban Life 1 yr. $1.50

McCiure's " 1.00

Delineator " 1.00

World's Work *' 3.00

Suburban Life 1 yr. $1.50

Woman's Home Companion. " 1.00

Review of Reviews " 3.00

$2.9,

$3.6

$2.3

$6.65

$4.30

$3.65

Suburban Life 1 yr. $1.50 ., . .

World To-day " 1.50 $2.95

Cosmopolitan " 1.00

Suburban Lite 1 yr. $1.50

Woman's Home Companion. " 1.00

Cosmopolitan, American Magazine. $2,30

Harper's Bazar, or Success may

be substituted.

Clas.x A

American Agriculturist $

American Boy

American Inventor

American Magazine

American Primary Teacher. . . .

Automobile Magazine

Baby

Boston Cooking School

Browning's Indust'l Magazine.

Business Man's Magazine

Camera Craft

Children's Magazine

Cosmopolitan

Cycle and Auto Trade Journal.

Kducational Gazette

Engineering Review

Farming (Doubleday-Page). . . .
Garden Magazine (Dou-Page).

Gleanings in Bee Culture

Good Health

Good Housekeeping

Health

Health Culture

Hints

Home Magazine

Home Needlework (bi-m. )

Interior Decoration

Inventor

TCindergarten Magazine

Kindergarten Review

Little Folks. Salem

Metropolitan

National Magazine

Ohio Farmer

Orange Judd Farmer

Out Doors

Pacific Monthly

Philistine

Photo American

Make Up Your Own Subscription Combinations for 1907

(For the convenience of those who do not find such a Club as they want above.'

Short Stories l.()0

Trained Nurse 2.80

Yachting 3.00

Any two Class A 5.1

Any three Class A ^

Any four Class A • • ■ ■ • f

.\ny one Class A. one Class C. . 1
Anv one Class A. two Class C. . 1
AnV two Class A. one Class C. . 2
Any two Class A, two Class C
Anv two Class A, one Class B
Anv one Class A, one Class 3.
Any one Class A. two Class 3.
Anv two Class A, one Class 3 .
Any two Class A. two Class 3.
Anv one Class A, one Class 4.
Any one Class A, two Class 4.
Anv two Class A. one Class 4.
Any two Class A, two Class 4.
Any one Class A, one Class .'J .
Any one Class A, two Class 5.
Any two Class A, one Class 5 .

Plioto, BeaC'jn

Photo Era

Photographic Times.
Physical Culture.

.... 1.00

1.50

1.00

1.00

Pictorial Review (with pattern) 1.00

Pilgrim 10(>

Popular Educator 100

Primary Plans l.uo

Primary Education 1. 00

School Arts Book 1-00

Strawberry 1-00

Style and Amer. Dressmaker. . 1.00

Suburban Life 1.50

Success 1.00

Suggestion 1.00

Sunset Magazine l.Oo

After Jan. 1 add 35 cts.

Table Talk 1.00

Technical "World 1.00

Teacher's World 1.00

Times Magazine 1.50

Travel Magazine.

Waverly

What To Eat

Woman's Home Companion..

World's Review

World To-day

Young's Magazine

Youth

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.50
1.00
1.00

das)i It

Amer. Monthly Kev. of Reviews 3.00

Automobile 2.00

Ihdependent 2.00

Motor Way 2.00

Out Door News '. . . . 2.00

Outing 3.00

Printer's Ink 2.00

Reader Magazine 3.00

Review of Reviews 3.00

t lass tJ

American Poultr.v Journal...

Housekeeper

Ladies' World

McCall's and Pattern

Modern Women

Modern Priscilla

New Idea Woman's Magazine

Vick's Magazine

World's Events

American Education -

Bob Taylor's

Carpenter and Building

Pathfinder 1-00

Red Book 1.00

Teachers' Magazine 1.00

Technical World 1.00

Clas!$ 4

$0.50

.60

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

1.00

1.00

1.00

American Botanist...
Appleton's Magazine .
Cassell's Magazine. . .
Cassell's Little Folks.

Cassell's Quiver

Breeder's Gazette. . . .
Broadway Magazine..

Etude

Humorist

Keith's Magazine. . . .

Little Chronicle

Musician

Our Times (52 weeks)
Overland Monthly. . . .
Pearson's Magazine. .
Ram's Horn

Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Anv
Any
Anv
Any
Anv
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

two Class A,
two Class A,
two Class A.
one Class A,
two Class A,
two Class A.
two Class 3
three Class :
one Class 3,
one Class 3.
one Class 3.
one Class 3.
two Class 3.
two Class 4
three Class
four Class 4
one Class 4,
one Class 4.
one Class 4,

two Class
one Class
two Class
one Class
one Class
two Class

one Class
one Class
one Class
one Class
one Class

one Class
one Class
one Class

4.15
3.40
5.1J
3.00
3.65
5.65
1.S5
2.60
1.45
1.75
li.lO
2.35
3.20
2.35
3.3.T
4.35
1.70
2.00
2.60

Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
'Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
A n >'

two Class 4, one
two Class 5. . . .
one Class 5, one
one Class 5. one
one Class 5, one
one Class 5, one
one Class 5, one

two Class B

three Class B. . .
four Class B. . . .
one Class B, two
one Class B, two
one Class B, two
one Class B, one
one Class B, one
one Class B, one
two Class B, one
two Class B, two
two Class B. one

Class B.

Class C.
Class A.
Class 3.
Class 4.
Class B.

Class A.

Class 3. .

Class 4 . .

Class 5. .

Class 7 . ,

Class S. ,
Class C,
Class C,
Clas.s A,

1.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.00
1.50
1.50
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.20
1.55
1.50
1.50

3.70
2.S5
1.95
2.25
2.35
2.60
3.00
3.05
4.40
5.75
3.00
3.20
3.70
3.00
3.45
3.70
3.40
3.75
3.70

Recreation

School and Home Educati'm.
Table Talk with Cook Book. .
Watson's Magazine

Clst^ss S

Jour, of Geography (10 mos.).

Journal of Pedagogy

Junior Toilettes

Our Day

Out Door Life

Pennsylvania School Journal. .

ClasN 7

Current Literature

Out West

School Science

Class 8

Burr Mcintosh

House and Garden

Indoors and Out

Journal of Education

School Journal

Vou may aOd to any
Club

Ladies' Home Journal. .(1 yr. )

Saturday Evening Post

Century

St. Nicholas

Harper's Weekly or
Monthly

Leslie's Weekly

Atlantic Monthly

Scribner's Magazine.. . .

McCiure's Magazine... .

Delineator

Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture (if not selected
as a Class A paper). .

1.50
1.25
2.00
1.50

1.50
1.50
L50
li.OO
1.50
1.60

Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any
Any

two Class B, two
two Class B, one
two Class B. two
two Class B, one
two Class B. two
two Class B, one
two Class B. two
two Class B, one
two Class B.
two Class B,
two Class B.
two Class 7.
three Class 7
two Class S.
three Class 8

two

, one

two

Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class
Class

Any one A.
Any one B .

Any one 4 .

3.35

3.00
:;.o»
i:.oo

3.00
3.00
3.00
3.50
2.50

$1.50
1.50
3.75
L'.65

3.35
3.35
3.35
3.00
1.0"
1.00

l.ili.

4.35
3. SO
5.05
4.05
5.05
4.39
5.55
4. SO
6.55
5.03
7.05
3.S5
5.60
4.35
6.35

Send all orders to

THE A, I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

(Entered ut the ro^toiii, ,■ ;ii ( tuca^ro a3 Becond-Claes Mall-Matter.)
I'uMished Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 33i Dearborn Street

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 3, 1907

Vol, XLVII-No. 1

d i€orial ^otbs
and Comnients

Effect of the Pure Food Law

When we were in the honey bottling busi-
ness, a few years ago, we sold to a number of
the wholesale grocers. Recently we received
the following letter from one of them :

George W. York & Co.—

Oe?itle>ne?i :—Tbe Pure Food Law enacted
by Congress, taking etfect Jan. 1, 190", pro-
vides severe penalties tor dealers who handle
articles of food or drugs adulterated or mis-
branded.

In accordance with the provisions of the
law, which exempts from prosecution those
who procure a proper guaranty, we are re-
quiring all from whom we purchase articles
of food or drugs to execute a proper guaranty,
and enclose herewith our regular form. It is
essential that all blank spaces be properly
tilled in, and that the signature be in accord-
ance with the directions on the form.

Please duly execute and return promptly
to us. Very truly yours,

RocKwooD Bros. Co.

The " form " referred to in the above reads
aa follows :

FOOD GUARANTY.

The undersigned, ,

of , State of ,

United States of America, does hereby war-
rant and guarantee unto

RocKwooi) Bros. Co.,

having principal office at Chicago, 111., that
any and all articles of food or drugs, as de-
fined by the Act of Congress approved June
30, 1906, entitled

" Ab Act for preventing the manufacture, sale or
transportation of adulterated or misbranded or
poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines
and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and
for other purposes."

which the undersigned has sold since Oat. 1,
1906, or shall at any time hereafter prepare,
manufacture for, sell or deliver to said

RocKwooD Bros. Co.,

will comply with all the provisions of said
Act of Congress, and are not and shall not be

in any manner adulterated or misbranded
within the meaning of said Act.

It is expressly understood that this shall be
a continuing guaranty until notice of revoca-
tion be given in writing, and notice of accept-
ance of the guaranty is hereby waived.

Dited at this day of 19

SEil^.

SEiL.

1. MuBt be signed with full name of individual.

2. If a tlrm, sign the tirm name followed by name
of partner executing document.

If a corporation, must be signed by proper oflQcer.
and corporation seal attached.

It seems that wholesale grocers do not
mean to take any chances in the matter of
handling any adulterated or misbranded
goods hereafter. They know the Pure Food
Law has teeth in it that are sharp, and that
the Law will be enforced to the letter.

A new day for pure honey is apparently
dawning. We look for a greatly increased
demand for it hereafter, and believe that the
prices will soon be advancing. What bee-
keepers should do now is to let the people
know the special food values of honey
through the newspapers and magazines. To
many, such information would be " news,"
indeed.

We are expecting, in the very near future —
say 2 or 3 years— to see such a demand for
honey that it will take every pound produced,
within 6 months after the close of the honey
harvest each year. Bee-keeping is not over-
done. But general consumption of pure
honey has been "underdone'' for years, on
account of adulteration and misbranding.

Let the National Pure Food Law have its
chance, and then the producers of pure honey
will have their chance, for which they have
been waiting so long.

liove in the heart is better than honey in
the mouth. — Proverb.

Irish Bee Journal and Age of Queens

E.xception was taken in these columns to
the leaching of the Irish Bee Journal in favor
of "having every season, a young queen of
the previous year's rearing, to head each col-
ony," as that was understood to mean that
the right thing' would be to replace every
queen when a year old ; and it seemed an un-
solvable puzzle to understand why the Irish
Bee Journal should attempt to fortify its
position by quoting authorities which plainly
advocated that a 'queen was good for 2 years'
work. Tbe solution of the puzzle is now at
hand. Our Irish contemporary says in the
December number:

The question between us is, What is meant
by " a queen of the previous year's rearing?"

Let us see. Take the case of a queen born
on May 1, 1906. On April .30, 190?, she will be
a year old. Does Mr. Maguire teach that she
must then be killed* By no means. Let us
go farther. On Sept. 30, 1907, she will be 1
year and 5 months old. Must she then be
killed! No. She is still "a queen of the
previous year's rearing." On April 30, 190S,
she will be 2 years old, but still "a queen
of the previous year's rearing.'' Her year
began not on Jan. 1, 1906, but on May 1, 1906.
She is safe from the headsman, so far. Even
if we allow that her year began on Jan. 1,
1906, 4 months before her birth, "she will an-
swer Mr. Magu ire's requirements up to Dec.
31, 1907, when she will be 1 year and S months
old. We, therefore, claim for our contribu-
tor that, at the very least, he is free of the
charge of having taught that "each queen
when it becomes a year old should be de-
stroyed," and is. thus far, in strict agreement
with the authorities.

It makes one the least bit dizzy to under-
stand how a queen 2 years old can be a
"queen of the previous year's rearing," for in
this locality the phrase " a queen of the pre-
vious year's rearing " is generally equivalent
to " a last year's queen ;" and until the fore-
going quotation appeared it never occurred to
us that there was any question between us as
to the meaning of the phrase.

This, however, is a very small matter, and
it is a real pleasure to know that there is no
greater difference between us than a different
understanding of the meaning of a few words.
Not knowing before this that there was any
different understanding as to the meaning of
words, of course no exception was taken in
that direction. The Irish Bee Journal may
charge us with thick-headedness in not un-
derstanding correctly the English language

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

but when it understands that we were hon-
estly of the opinion that it was advocating
that DO queen should ever be allowed to live
until 2 years old, it may possibly absolve us
■from the charge of hypercriticism in object-
ing to such advocacy. It is a thing to be
desired to be in accord so far as possible with
.our bright contemporary.

Shipping Comb Honey

We were recently requested to call and ex-
amine a shipment of about 160 cases of comb
honey that was received from a Wyoming
bee-keeper by a Chicago honey-dealer. It
was fine alfalfa honey, put up in the usual 24-
pound shipping-cases, and then two of the
cases were fastened together by light strips at
the corners, thus making each package be-
tween 50 and 60 pounds. That was all the
preparation made to ship that honey perhaps
1500 miles.

Well, it arrived just as any experienced
shipper of comb honey would expect— fully
half of the combs broken out of the sections.

We do not find that particular shipper's
name among the readers of the American Bee
Journal, or he would have known better than
to ship comb honey in the way he did. Doubt-
less he doesn't read any bee-paper. But he
probably has lost enough on that one ship-
ment of honey to pay his subscription to all
the bee- papers in this country for the next 25
y«ars.

We have so often published explicit direc-
tions for preparing comb honey for shipment
that it would seem hardly necessary to tell it
Again, bat we find that on account of the
many new readers that are constantly being
added to our list, it is well to repeat impor-
tant directions that, if heeded, may mean the

saving of many dollars to a number of our
readers.

After comb honey has been put in shipping-
eases, the cases should be put into crates, or
carriers, holding from 6 to 9 of the shipping-
cases. But before putting the eases into a

the ends of the crate about 4 or 6 inches.
These extensions will serve as handles for the
train-men to carry the honey when loading
and unloading it.

We have never known of any loss in ship-
ping comb honey when prepared as we have

SniTABLLE CKATE CONTAINING CASES OF COMB HONET FOR SHIPMENT.

crate, there should be put in the bottom from
4 to 6 inches of straw or hay, to act as a cush-
ion under the cases of honey.

Then after filling the crate with cases, put
the cross boards on top, and also this sign,
either printed or written in plain letters:
Comb Honet. Handle with Care.

Near the upper sides of the crate should be
nailed on pieces of boards about 4 inches
wide, and long enough so as to extend out at

briefiy outlined here. It seeme too bad to
lose heavily on a shipment of honey just be-
cause it was improperly prepared, especially
when it is so simple and inexpensive to put it
into the right shape for sate carrying either on
cars or wagons.

The illustration herewith shows quite
clearly how a crate of comb honey appears
when ready for shipment either a long or a
short distance on the railroad.

Oliscellaneoii
fleiiDS -Items

Volume XLiVII begins with this num-
ber of the American Bee .lournal. The last
volume (1906) contained the most and best
bee-literature that has appeared in its columns
in all its history. And there were in all 1000
larger pages than in any other bee-paper pub-
lished to-day. All being well, this new vol.
ume promises to be even better than the last
one. We hope that not only will all the pres-
ent list of readers continue right along, but
that each one may try to get some neighbor
bee-keeper to become a subscriber. Remem-
ber, that neither the American Bee .Journal
nor its editor is connected lin^anyijwaylwith
any bee-supply business, so the Journaljisjen-
tirely independent; and that it must depend
upon receipts from subscriptions and adver-
ing for support.

Some San Antonio Pictures, taken
by Mr. Fred W. Muth, of Cincinnati, Ohio,
appear on the first page. The upper one is a
view of San Antonio, taken from Market
Hall where the National convention was held.
The lower picture represents 5 weary bee-
keepers who were resting at the side of a
clump of banana bushes. We only wish we
could show the beautiful, broad, green leaves
as they really appear. We had never seen
bananas growing before,, but there are plenty
of them around San Antonio.

San Antonio is a Spanish-American city of
some 70,000 population. It has many things
of great historic interest. Several very an-
cient missions are located within a few miles,
and The Alamo, right in the heart of the city,
is a spot that few visitors fail to see. Within

its walls it was, during the war with Mexico,
that less than 200 United States patriots held
at bay some 4000 soldiers under Santa Ana,
and although a mere handful in The Alamo,
they slew about 1500 of Santa Ana's men be-
fore they were overcome and every one of
their number killed.

Several of the Northern bee-keepers had
their kodaks with them, and " took " many
objects of interest in and around old San An-
tonio, which pictures will no doubt be greatly
prized by their owners, as it was a trip and
visit long to be remembered.

An Announcement has been received
at this office of the marriage at Medina, Ohio,
on Dec. 26, 1906, of Miss Carrie B. Root,
youngest daughter of A. I, Root, and Mr. L.
W. Boyden, manager of the A. I. Root Com-
pany's New York City branch olfice. This is
the second " combination " of the kind, an-
other daughter of A. I. Root having mar-
ried Mr. A. L. Boyden, an older brother of
" L. W.'s," some years ago. " A. L." is sec-
retary of the A. I. Root Co.

Our sincerest congratulations are hereby
extended to Mr, and Mrs. L. W. Boyden, and
wishes for a long and happy voyage through
life together.

Jan. 3, 1907

I ^»^5£.-<(^^^|AniericanBecJonrnalJ?i

How Many Colonies to Be-
come Well-to-Do?

BY C. P. DAD A NT.

On page 880, (1906), Mr. Doolittle
asks, "How many colonies should we
keep to become well-to-do?" and re-
quests an answer from Dr. Miller,
Hutchinson, myself, or others. On page
964, (1906), H. H. Moe reminds us of
this question, and gives his views.

It is quite a long time since I
"sparred" with Mr. Doolittle, I am
not one of the "sparring" kind, unless
I can see some gross error to redress,
and the present subject is too indefinite
to give any one a fair chance for dis-
cussion.

Perhaps the best thing I can do to
answer the question is to cite my own
experience. Mr. Moe says that each of
us has what he calls a "prop" in addi-
tion to the bees, to keep us going. In
the early '70's I had no such prop. It
is true, we were rearing queens, and
selling a few. But is not this legitimate
bee-keeping? Must the bee-keeper sell
only honey? Is not the sale of colo-
nies or queens a legitimate part of bee-
culture? For a number of years, I had
nothing else. I can remember several
seasons when we harvested from 40,000
to 50,000 pounds of honey. How many
colonies did we keep? From 150 to 600.
The manufacture and sale of comb
foundation was just an accident — a re-
sult of conditions. We had bought a
mill to make up our own wa.x, and it
turned out that we could work our
neighbors' wax and give them better
satisfaction than any other, and so the
business was built. But bee-keeping as
a business was my principal ooccupation
for some 15 years, and as I have al-
ready said, in the American Bee Jour-
nal, there was a time, when, if any one
else had been entrusted with the care
of any of our apiaries, I would have
expected those bees to be entirely ruined.
I got bravely over this notion quite
a while ago.

How many colonies must we keep to
become well-to-do? Why, it depends
upon the apiarist, on the location, on
the metliods followed, on our greater
or less ability to manage our affairs, etc.
It takes a less number of colonies, when
running for comb honey, than when
producing extracted honey ; but those
colonies require more care. It takes less
bees in a good locality than in a poor
one, and yet the bee-keeper is more
likely to keep many bees in a good lo-
cality than in a poor one. Locality is
certainly a very important matter in se-
curing a well-to-do occupation. In the
alfalfa plains of Colorado, among the

mesquite brush of Texas, in the sage-
covcrcd hills of California, the bee-keep-
er will keep just as many colonies as
he can care for, and will become well-
to-do, if he exercises judgment. But
how many colonies can he keep? That
depends entirely upon his skill, his am-
bition, his wit, his health.

I have seen bee-keepers who would
spend two hours in overhauling half a
dozen colonies, and I have seen others
who could tell you the condition of 25
hives in the same length of time. Yet
the slow man might succeed as well as
the quick man, if his needs were no
greater than his speed. Let two men
start in bee-keeping in this State. Let
one of them be located among the corn-
fields, the w-heat and timothy fields, and
let the other be in close proximity to a
large dairy farm with a hundred acres
of pasture in which clover abounds. Do
you not see that the latter will have
a much better opportunity, all other
things being equal, to become well-to-do,
than his less fortunate brother?

But take two men in similar locations.
Let one of them watch his loo colonies
daih', supply their needs as soon as dis-
covered, replace worthless queens, keep
out worthless drones, attend to all de-
tails minutely; and let the other keep
three times as many bees, and pay but
little attention to them, and the latter
is as likely as the former to succeed —
probably more likely.

I think I have said enough to show
that it is impossible to give a stated
number of colonies of bees as either re-
quired or sutificient to render their owner
well-to-do. So I throw the question
back for Mr. Doolittle to answer, though
I feel certain that his reply will be very
similar to mine.

But should we encourage or discour-
age bee-culture? I do not think we
have the choice. We are writing for
bee-papers. The readers are keepers of
bees, and they are entitled to know
from those who endeavor to teach them,
their very best thoughts, their most ex-
perienced recommendations. I have
read complaints from people who think
there are too many bee-keepers, and
who would make it a crime for any one
to encourage beginners. Those persons
woidd make a failure in any avocation.
If we were to believe them, there are
too many doctors, too many lawyers, too
many mechanics, too many farmers. But
this is not true. There are not too
many farmers as long as there is an
acre of land that remains uncultivated.
There are not too many bee-keepers as
long as honey is wasting for want of
harvesting bees. There are drawbacks,
bad seasons, in every pursuit, but wheth-
er we are farming, or keeping bees.

let us try to follow the best methods,
and Ik- ready to take advantage of the
bountiful harvest when it comes. We
have just gone through a bad season;
that is the lime to make ready for good
crops. Alter the years of famine come
the years of plenty.

The question as I see it is not. How
many colonies of bees shall we keep?
but. How can we make the best success
with the bees that we do keep?

Hamilton, 111.

Good Season -Methods of
Making Increase

BY F. L. DAY.

The season of 1906 was a fairly good
one in this locality in spite of the fact
that basswood, which is usually our
chief source of surplus, was almost a
total failure. A late frost appeared to
kill most of the buds so that only a
few trees blossomed. White clover, on
the other hand, was unusually abundant
and yielded well.

My 28 colonies were increased to 43
full ones, besides 4 queen-rearing nuclei.
I secured 2,600 pounds of honey, all but
80 pounds being extracted. For the nu-
clei, I used regular lo-frame hives with
a partition in the middle, thus leaving
room for 4 frames on one side and 5
on the other. My idea was to take one
frame of brood with adhering bees and
the queen from each of these nuclei and
put in any colony where needed. This
was the theory, but in practice I got
only a very lew laying queens from
these nuclei during the whole season ;
but by placing choice queen-cells in West
cell-protectors, with the spiral cage at-
tached, and then hanging these between
the frames of the 4 nuclei, I secured
plenty of fine virgin queens. These were
then introduced wherever needed, with
fair success.

In making my increase of 15 colo-
nies, I used both the nucleus and Alex-
ander plans. From 5 colonies using
the nucleus plan I secured II new colo-
nies and 515 pounds of honey. Four
colonies run by the Alexander plan gave
me 4 new colonies and 475 pounds of
honey. The nucleus plan gave me 220
per cent increase and 103 pounds of
honey per colony. The Alexander plan
gave only lOO per cent increase and 118
pounds of honey per colony.

The 4 queen-rearing nuclei were made
from one of the 5 colonies used for
increase. They w'ould probably have pro-
duced enough honey if used for that
purpose, to have made the 5 original
colonies produce as high an average as
the 4 w^orked on the Alexander plan.
This makes the two plans about equal
for honey-production, with the nucleus
plan giving over double the increase that
the Alexander plan did. Had we had
our usual amount of basswood honey,
the nucleus plan would have been far
ahead in honey-production as well as
increase, just as it w-as.last year.

The Alexander plan undoubtedly has
merit, but in this locality the lower
story left on the old stand almost always
becomes a most persistent swarmer, even
though the upper story be removed 5 or
6 davs after the preparations of the

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

colony. What we want to know about
these matters is the truth without favor
to any man's plan or hobby. Because
one man's way is good for him in his
own locality, it does not necessarily fol-
low that every bee-keeper in all our
broad land should be considered ig-
norant or stupid because he does not
have so good success with the plan in
question.

I notice that Dr. Miller's bees were
cellared on Nov. 19; mine were put in
on the 20th. Last year we both put
them in the same day, that is, on Nov.
29. I am sorry he could not have had
so good a crop in proportion to his
large number of colonies as I did from my
small number. I always enjoy his writ-
ings in the American Bee Journal and
Gleanings, and hope they may be con-
tinued many years. I also have his
book. I hope we may all have a pros-
perous season next year.

Detroit, Minn.

Best Size of the Pound-
Section

BY L. v. RICKETTS.

Having read with great interest the
article by Mr. T. K. Massie, page 783
(1906), on the subject of "Best Size of
Honey-Section," I will again attempt to
write on the same subject. Mr. Massie
and I, as well as some others, have for
some time been advocating the use of a
section large enough so that when fairly
well filled with separatored honey will
weigh an average of 16 ounces. The
one now in most general use — the
454x4/4x1% bee-way section — weighs an
average of only 14 2-3 ounces when filled
as above stated.

!Mr. Massie rather favors a plain sec-
tion, to be used with some form of sepa-
rator furnishing the bee-way. From
the experience that I have had with
both bee-way and plain sections, I prefer
the former. The fence-separator costs
more than the slotted wood, and as Mr.
Massie says, "Some of them are very
fiimsily made, and do not last long."

However, it is results that we want,
and in this case a heavier section of
honey is the result that we are after, and
it matters but little whether we use a
bee-way or a plain section in obtaining
it. The size, weight, and thickness of
the comb in the sections are the main
things to be considered.

After having very carefully consid-
ered the matter, I have concluded that
a comb l-j'^ to I'/i inches thick is the
best for section honey. With a bee-way
section l'^ inches thick, used with slot-
ted wood separators, we will get combs
of the above thickness. As stated by
me in previous articles, and as proven
by experiments made during the season
just past, I have come to the conclusion
that the 4^x45^x1^ bee-way section
(all things considered) is the best size
of honey-section, and will come as near
to giving us an average of 16 ounces of
separatored honey as we are likely to got

When writing on this subject of the
weight of sections and selling honey by
the piece or pound, page 633 (1906)
among other things, Editor 'i'ork says,

"Every little while, some one to whom
the question is new appears on the
scene with what he thinks is a satisfac-
tory solution of the troublesome prob-
lem, and says. The whole thing is easy;
just adopt that size of section which
shall weigh an exact pound, and then
it will make no difference whether the
section is sold by the piece or pound."
To this Mr. York says, "But when he
attempts to produce a ton of honey with
2000 sections, each weighing an exact
pound, he finds himself running against
a snag." Our goood Editor concludes
by saying that the present object was
only to show "that to find a section of
such size that it shall always weigh
an exact pound is one of the things that
may be dreamed of, but never attained
in actual practice." My only objection
to the above is that it appears to con-
vey the idea that those who are advo-
cating the use of a section larger than
the ones now in general use, are ex-
pecting to get a section in which the
bees will always store an exact pound
of honey. This, however, is not the
case. Here are the facts :

The sections now in most general
use. when fairly well filled with sepa-
ratored honey — sections that would
grade No. i, as to filling — do not aver-
age more than 14 2-3 ounces. Now the
question is. Would it not be better for
both the producer and consumer, if bee-
keepers in general would adopt a sec-
tion which when filled as above would
average about 16 ounces each, or 2000
such sections to weigh a ton, or a very
few pounds more or less, instead of be-
ing 150 to 200 pounds short in weight,
as is the case with the sections now in
general use? There is no use to say
it can't be done, for it can. The ques-
tion is. Would it be best to make such
a change? If best, then what size of
section should we adopt?

.After having very carefully consid-
ered the matter from many standpoints,
I have come to the conclusion that there
is no better size of section than the
454x4-5^x1% bee-way section; or for
those who prefer a plain section and
fence separator, the 4;4x45^xl54 plain
section will give the same results. Either
of the last-named sizes of sections
should give us a comb i->^ to ij^ inches
thick, w'hich, as before stated, is as near
the right thickness for section honey as
we could desire.

Pullman, Wash.

First Things for the Bee-
Keeping Novice

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

"I am a beginner in bee-keeping and
have been persuaded to take the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and in it I see that
you sometimes answer questions if they
are sent you. I wish you would tell us
through the Journal's. columns what you
consider the prime thing a novice or a
beginner in bee-keeping should know
first. What is the main thing in bee-
keeping necessary to know?" — Cor-
respondent.

There are very many things in bee-
keeping which are considered of first
importance, and the novice should un-

derstand all of these, if he or she would
be successful.

Perhaps the first thing that should be
done by any beginner would be the read-
ing of some one of the many good books
on bee-keeping, such as "Langstroth on
the Honey - Bee," Root's "A B C of
Bee-Culture," Cook's " Bee - Keepers'
Guide," Quinby's "Practical Bee-Keep-
ing," etc. Having procured one of these
books, carefully read it two or three
titues till the whole is as familiar to you
as a nursery rhyme, from beginning to
end, when you are ready to subscribe
for, and read- intelligently, one or more
of the several good bee-papers published
in America. Now, don't think that this
is unnecessary to success, for it is neces-
sary that you have some knowledge of
the first principles of bee-keeping before
you start out with the bees, if you are
to take first rank as an apiarist.

Having gotten so far, I will tell you
one of the many other things you will
need to know, for on this hangs very
much of that which will bring prosper-
ity. In nearly all localities where bees
can be kept there are certain plants and
trees which give a yield of surplus honey
at a certain time of year, while, aside
from this, there is little more honey ob-
tained by the bees than is needed to sup-
ply their daily wants. Some localities
give a surplus at three stated periods,
others at two, while the majority give
only one such yield. Hence it must be
apparent to even the novice, that if such
a yield (or yields) pass oy without
any surplus, none can be obtained dur-
ing the season. From this it will be
seen that, in order to be a successful
apiarist, a person must have a knowl-
edge of his locality, and also know how
to secure the laborers (bees) in the
right time, so they can be on hand when
the honey harvest is at its best. Failing
to do this, there is little or no profit
in apiculture, and my main reason for
writing on this subject is that those
who read may obtain the best results
from their bees.

Practically, first, then, we must have
a thorough knowledge of the first prin-
ciples of bee-keeping; and, second, we
have the location.

Here in Central New York our honey
crop comes mainly from basswood,
which blooms about July 3d to 12th,
and lasts from 10 days to 3 weeks, ac-
cording to the weather while it is in
bloom. In other localities in this State
white clover is the main crop, coming in
bloom June 15th to 20th; and again in
others, buckwheat, yielding nectar the
last of August, while a few apiarists are
blessed with a yield from all three. But
as a larger part of those living in the
Northern States have a yield of honey
from basswood, I will speak of that as
the harvest in illustrating what I wish
to do. Bear in mind, however, that it
devolves on the reader of this to ascer-
tain by careful investigation just when
and what is the source of nectar from
which his surplus honey comes, so as
to work accordingly.

After having determined from what
and when we may expect our harvest
of honey, the next step is to secure the
bees in just the right time for that har-
vest. If you have a field of grain to
cut, you hire the laborers just when the

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

grain is n'/ii-, not l)L'forc or aftc-rvvards.
Kvuryljody knows about lliis, yet in bee-
keeping tiiotisands pay no attention to
this matter of securing hiborers in time
for the harvest, and llien wonder why
tliey secure only a meager return from
their bees. Working thus, their bees,
instead of becoming" producers, far more
often Ijcconie consumers, as the tend-
ency of bees, wdicn left to themselves,
is to produce the greatest amount of
brood wlien the harvest is in its prime,
ratlier than before it. Consequently, this
greatest amount of brood emerges into
bees just after the harvest has passed
by, and thus have to be fed all through
their lives from the supply of honey
gathered by the few, while the many
were in the brood form. I wish 1 could
so emphasize this that it would "strike
home" to every bee-keeper, be he novice
or otherwise.

The queen is the mother of all the
bees iu' a colony, she laying all the eggs
producing them. Under the greatest
stimulation she is capable of laying from
3,000 to 4,000 eggs a day, yet often she
is laying only from SCO to 8oo eggs
daily at the time she should be doing
her best. After the egg is laid it takes
about 3 days for it to hatch into a larva.
■ This larva is fed about 6 days, during
which time it has grown to nearly fill
the cell, wdien it is capped over and re-
mains hid from view for nearly I2 days
more, when it emerges a perfect bee.
When every thing is in a normal con-
dition, this bee works inside the hive
for 1 6 days, doing such work as feed-
ing the larvae, building comb, evaporat-
ing nectar, etc., when it is ready to go
out of the hive as a field-laborer; and
at 45 days, during the working season,
froin the time of emerging, it dies of
old age, and another generation takes
its place.

From the above it will be seen that
the egg must be laid at least 37 days be-
fore the honey- harvest, in order that our
bee has the opportunity of laboring in
that harvest to the best advantage. Now,
if the harvest is basswood, commencing
to bloom, say July 7th, the egg for our
laborer should be laid on or before
June 1st.

But how shall we secure the laying of
the eggs just when we want them?
There are several ways of doing this,
such as feeding the bees thin sweets
when you wish the queen to lay more
prolifically : giving young bees from
other colonies that will feed the queen an
extra amount of egg-producing food;
spreading the brood, etc. But I will
speak here only of the plan which I have
used more lately to give a success great-
er than anything else which I have tried,
taking everything into consideration. It
is this :

About 40 to 45 days before the ex-
pected honey-harvest see that each col-
ony has stores enough to make the bees
feel very rich, so much so that there is
no thought of any retrenchment ; in
fact, so that they can say "millions of
honey at our house," and keep saying
it all the time they are feeding it to the
brood ; when you will see that the
queen will be fed so that the combs will
be teeming with eggs as fast as the
honey is removed from the cells to feed

the br(jod liatching from those eggs. A
few days of cold or rain will not stop
this brood-rearing, as it does when the
colony is living from "hand to mouth,"
as is more often the case than other-
vvisc', wlu'rc no .■illention is paid to this

matter. As to where this feed should
come from, it is easy to set aside full
combs of scaled honey from the ex-
tracting supers the season before, in-
stead of extracting from them.
Borodino. N. Y.

ConJucted by Emma M. Wh.son, Marengo, ill.

Lady Bee-Keepers and Large Hives

On page 962, Mr. T. V. Bingham says :
"I often wonder how the lady bee-keep-
ers get along with the massive hives
generally used." Just why he thus won-
ders he does not say ; but it is probably
fair to suppose that he has reference to
the greater weight of such hives as com-
pared with his own, and the feebler lift-
ing powers of the sisters as compared
with those of the sterner sex.

There is no question that it is a de-
sirable thing to make the work of bee-
keeping as light as consistent, and the
matter that he suggests is well worth
considering. Ought the sisters to have
hives smaller than those in general use?
At the outset comes the objection so
strongly emphasized generally, that it is
a bad thing to have odd-sized goods.
But if all the sisters should use a hive
of a particular pattern or style, would
there not be enough of them to make
it worth while for manufacturers to
keep on hand a line of "Ladies' Hives."
just as a line of "Ladies' Goods" may
be found in the stores?

Suppose, however, that such a hive
were agreed upon, and some sister wish-
ing to enter the ranks of bee-keepers
should desire to purchase a colony or
two of bees with wdiich to make a start,
Of course she would want her bees in
the kind of hive she expected to adopt;
at least she would want the frame
of the right size, and to have anything
lighter than- "the massive hives generally
used" would require a smaller than the
Langstroth frame ; for to use less than
8 Langstroth frames in a hive is hardly
a thing to be considered. Then to get
her bees on "ladies' frames" she would
be obliged to buy only of some sister,
and sisters that keep bees are not al-
ways near at hand. Those near Mr.
Bingham would, however, be specially
favored. Again, if she would wish to
sell, she could only sell to some sister,
thus being handicapped w'hether she
wants to start or stop.

But are we not told that the smaller
hives are used because hives and not
frames should be handled? Would it
be any lighter work to handle a whole
hive — even so small a hive as that of
Mr. Bingham — than to handle the sep-
arate frames of Langstroth size?

On the first cover-page of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for Nov. 22, is a very
interesting picture of some of Mr. Bing-
ham's hives. Would ft be the lightest kind
of work to lift down that 8th story? and
wouldn't it be a rather precarious busi-
ness to use :\ ladder to get to the top of
pile?

All this talk, however, is more or less
theoretical. Mr. Bingham's knowledge
of small hives is obtained from actual
practise, and if he can tell us just how
bee-keeping for the sisters can be im-
proved, we will gladly give him a place
in our corner, with our most respectful
attention. It is generally understood
that he is much given to "smoking;"
but there need be no fear that he would
be so ungentlemaiily as to smoke in the
ladies' presence!.

A Plea for More Good Reading-
Matter for the Home

A new year is just ahead of us — a
new year christened "1907." A year?
Possibly not all of it shall be ours, but
what are we going to do with our allot-
ment, be it all or only a portion of the
next twelve months?

" Fill up each hour with what will last,
Buy up the moments as they go ;

The Ute Above, when this is past.
Is the ripe fruit of life below."

Now is the time when lots of think-
ing is done, but of what use are
thoughts and sets of newly-formed reso-
lutions unless put into action? Why the
sadness always attendant upon the de-
parting year? Is it because our cen-
suring conscience convinces us of hav-
ing lost a part of it, or at least of not
grasping or making the most of the
opportunities it offered?

Strange that this feeling is repeated
with each passing of a year. The ques-
tion just now under consideration is,
How forcibly will it put in its appear-
ance when the time shall have arrived
for the retrospection of 1907?

The young year of 1907 brings to bee-
keepers that which none of its prede-
cessors brought — protection from adul-
teration and misbranding of their prod-
uct, through the enforcement of the
Pure Food Law. Most bee-keepers,
while masticating their Thanksgiving

Jan, 3. 1907

Amarican Hee Journal

turkey (.were they fortunate enough to
be where that bird did not "roost" too
high) g;ive thanks because of the en-
actment of this law ; but now it is in
order to return thanks that its enforce-
ment has begun. And that the enforce-
ment may not become painfully real,
each honey-producer or shipper should
thoroughly acquaint himself with the
portion which affects the sale of our
products. All bee-papers should make
it a point to place it before their read-
ers in a lucid, easy-to-be-remembered
manner, as several have already done.
And most certainly all bee-keepers
should have the very best bee-litera-
ture.

As I gaze out on this wide, white
world and its snow-hooded houses, the
many shut-ins on account of the in-
clemency of the weather, pass in pro-
cession before my mind's eye, and I
can but sympathetically wonder if all
are supplied with entertainment in the
way of good and helpful reading mat-
ter? The body will not more surely
die from the want of bread— "the staff
of life," — than the mind will perish from
want of proper nourishment.

Many who take pride in their abil-
ity to maintain a dining-table of ample
proportions— daily loaded to the point
of groaning, with not only the more
common articles of food, but the luxu-
ries as well— never dream that the keep-
mg up of the reading table is of much
greater importance. Custom should rule
that a household without a reading ta-
ble would be as much of an oddity as
a household without a dining table;
and that to be found upon the reading
table from which the family are to be
served should be, as to "quality the
choicest, and as to quantity, most lib-
eral. Were such the ease, we might
expect the great army of wayfarers to
die a natural death from want of fresh
recruits. The memory of the family
circle around the evening reading ta-
ble has proved the beacon light that
saved many a wanderer, not alone from
home, but a wanderer from morality,
and all that goes to make life worth liv-
ing.

Stuffing the children with food for
either the physical or mental being is
poor policy— they most certainly should
not wear glasses before teething; but a
preoccupation of the mind, by interest-
ing and useful knowledge, to the crowd-
mg out of the objectionable and posi-
tively hurtful, is to be recommended.
Time was when the training of chil-
dren began, and gained considerable
headwaj', at home; now, very generally,
it seems not to begin until entering the
school-room. After the parent finds he
has lost control, or that he never had
any, he rushes to the teacher and urges
that the latter shall accomplish that
which he himself has found impossible.
Alas! how many times it is too late,
and the youth is lost in the sea of his
own selfishness and obstinacy. But how
few of us, of mature years, cast adrift
without any directory whatever, would
be fortunate enough to keep within the
line of safety or reach anv haven of se-
curity?

The younger people are not the only
ones to be considered in the maintenance
of a reading table. How many self-sac-

rificing women rise by the break of day,
or before, and cheerfully assume their
daily duties which constitute a monoto-
nous round, the Aariations being so slight
as not to be perceptible, and keep ever-
lastingly at it, the reading hour being
the first, and only one, to offer rest in
any degree? Statistics show that 75 to
80 per cent of insane women are farm-
ers' wives? Their loss of reason is
credited to monotony of life and isola-
tion acting with crushing effect on their
minds. Sociologists point to isolation
as the active agent which drains our
farms of young blood, and causes the
constant gravitation of our boys and
girls to the cities.

None will deny but that country life
is far sweeter, attractive and independ-
ent than that of the cog-wheel worker*
of the crowded city. But its loss of ad-
vantage, more especially in winter, lies
in its sameness and lack of that which
brings new influences, fresh interests,
and warm inspirations into the lives of
the occupants of our farm homes. For
want of the latter they prefer the cities'
ceaseless grind, basement or tenement;
accepting starvation wages ; and being
constantly lashed by the whip of com-
parison between their lot of pitiable self-
denial and dependence, and that of the
independently wealthy.

Older persons, especially women, suf-
fer alike this sense of loneliness, but cir-
cumstances preventing any change of
home, they quietly accept the situation
as it exists, cultivating their powers of
endurance until they lose their mental
poise, or until physical death steps in to
relieve them of their heavy burden. The
lives of such teach us there is a possi-
bility of being patient and contented to a
fault.

This condition of serfdom — for it's
nothing else — would materially change,
and matters adjust themselves, as it
were, so that a broader and far more
pleasant life — one that could be enjoyed
— might yet be theirs, if they would only
lend a hand to their emancipation.

Do they bring forward the claim that
they are too old? Or do they offer as
an excuse that they have been denied
the advantages of schooling in their
younger days? If the former is their
cry, then tliey should read E. A. Dag-
gitt's article in November Bee-Keepers'
Review, which closes with these senti-
ments :

" To keep off old age, and to remain young,
we must keep in full strength and vigor our
physical, mental and moral powers. Activity
is life. I think it may be safely said that the
foundation of youth lies within every one.
To all, I say, keep young. If old age is steal-
ing upon you, or has stolen upon you, shake
it off. Through the activity of your func-
tions bring back the elastic step, the deep and
quickened thought, and the tenderest emo-
tion. Gradually persevere, and success will
attend your efforts. Effort and determina-
tion will work wonders, and here is the rich-
est field for their labor, with the richest
promise of the greatest rewards. Again I say,
be young. Dress young, act young. Be
young in heart, be young in sympathy, be
young in sentiment — be young, be young."

If coupled with age they extend the
plea of a lack of learning in extenua-
tion of their apathy relative to a possible
agreeable change for them, they should
be referred to J. E. Crane's article in

December ist Gleanings. One of his
memories was of "a farmer who at the
age of 70 took up the study of Latin
and had the pleasure later of reading
his old Latin authors." He cites the
case of Owen Kildare, whose writings
form books that have attracted much at-
tention, yet he at 30 did not know his
letters. He also tells us the story of the
learned shoemaker who at 40 found
himself in broken health, and consulted
a specialist, with the result that outdoor
life was recommended, with the study
of botany thrown in as a diversion. In
six weeks he was a well man; but so
intense had his interest become in his
studies, that he kept them up till he had
exhausted all the text-books that would
help him in this country. Then he sent
to foreign countries and mastered for-
eign languages, in order to quench his
thirst for botanical knowledge. Was
not this to. him an unexpected (and as
agreeable as unexpected) break in a
monotonous life?

Our bee-papers have many articles of
like weight that should drive convic-
tion home to the most reluctant mind.
For more reasons than space permits
me to recite, they should be on the read-
ing table of every live bee-keeper.

Do you ask why I have written in
behalf of the interests of women and
children? My answer is. Because men-
folks usually look out for themselves,
and see to it that they have what read-
ing matter they desire — more likely they
expect women-folks to do the same.
However, as wholesome reading mat-
ter has never been known to injure a
man, he who considers himself a pro-
tector of his home should not lose sight
of this particular obligation, but build
up fortifications around his home with a
liberal supply of interesting and benefi-
cial reading matter.

When he goes forth these blustering
winter mornings, fully equipped in the
shape of snow-shoes, leggings, reefer,
slicker and sou'-wester, to meet and
wrestle with the storm — which wrestling
of itself gives him a warm glow and
renewed vigor — let him not forget the
weaker and thinner clad ones — who must
remain prisoners for the day, at least,
and sometimes many days — that they,
with him, need diversion of some kind.
These "weaker vessels," as men delight
to style women, have been known as
the mothers of the strongest of men —
giants, as it were, in either physique and
intellect, or both. Strange, is it not, that
such strength could possibly come of
such weakness? This happy lot, will,
in the future, be that of some other
mothers ; then happy will be the man
who can conscientiously share with her
the honor.

Our homes constitute the bulwarks of
the nation, and the farmer being a
veritable Atlas to the world, our good,
old fostering Uncle Sam saw, in the de-
serted New England farms, of not many
years ago, sure signs of national declina-
tion, and went to work with characteris-
tic vim to apply a remedj' in the shape
of Rural Free Delivery of mail. Now
it is "up to" every patriotic rural citi-
zen to make the most of his privileges.
(Mrs.) M.\RY E. Null.

Miami, Mo.

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal j^^^ ^

Conducted by Louis H. ScnoLL, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Value of a Note-Book in Bee-
Keeping

A small tablet, or note-book, carried
in the pocket daily is one of the most
important things with me in doing my
work. I prefer the small pencil tablets
about 3x0 inches, costing about a cent a
piece. From these the leaves are torn
oflf as soon as the matter noted on them
is of no more value. It is so much
easier to "jot down" or make a memo-
randum of anything that may come up
suddenly, but which would be forgotten
afterward.

A wise practise, too, is to plan one's
work. The day's work is planned the
night before. When getting up the next
morning a glance at the notes tells just
what is to be done. Sometimes there
are a great many little things that have
to be attended to. These are all put
down just as they come to my mind.
In the evening I go over the list and
mark all those to be attended to on the
following day, and so on, day after day.

Just try such a plan, and see if it does
not give more relaxation to an already
overloaded brain. It also allows a per-
son more free thought to devote to other
important matters.

Buying- Bees in Box-Hives

The question is often asked, "Does it
pay to buy box-hives of bees?" Yes,
and no. If it is intended toeoutinue
to keep them in this style of hive, yes —
in sections where the honey-crop is not
a failure and they receive g'ood atten-
tion, but this is hard to do, and often
we sustain losses. And right here is
where modern bee-keeping began, foi; it
is a fact that bees will store honey in
any sort of a hive if they are in a honey-
gathering condition. In modern bee-
keeping we can easily supply the needs
of the bees, but in the old way it is
nearly the reverse ; besides, the honey is
not in a marketable condition.

The beginner is not always successful
in transferring his bees from old to mod-
ern hives. And right here is where many
bee-keepers turn back. It pays modern
bee-keepers to buy bees in box-hives,
but they should examine each hive well,
removing the top, also looking through
the hive from the bottom, and noting
the contents carefully. If the comb is
old and black it will not yield so much
wax as newer comb by the common ren-
dering process. The amount of stores
and the cluster of bees should be closely
estimated. The writer buys about lOO

colonies of bees in box-hives each sea-
son, and his experience is that a lot of
valuable increase can be made with them
early in the spring. If no increase is
desired, they can be used to great ad-
vantage in building the apiary up to the
best honey-gathering condition.

As soon as there is some honey com-
ing in, in early spring, these old hives
are split open with an ax, and if they
contain any combs of brood straight
enough to fill the frames, they are trans-
ferred, and the bees are used as seems
best — either united with other colonies
which may need strengthening, or
enough of them united together to make
booming colonies. As soon as the choice
comb has been taken from the bo.x-hive,
and the bees disposed of, it is thrown
to one side, and as soon as the bees clean
out what honey it tiiay contain, all the
comb is removed, scraping all interior

jjarts of the hive well and rendering into
l)ceswax. An average of about 2 pounds
per hive is obtained.

About the time the transferring i»
done there is abundance of pollen com-
ing in, and soon the honey is turned iiuo
young bees ; an<l by the time tne main
honey-flow comes on, the brood-nest is
full of young bees, and the supers full
of bees of tlie right age to gather honey,
besides storing a large pile of fuel for
winter. J. J. Wilder.

Crisp Co., Ga.

This is a novel idea, thro.wing aside
the box-hives with crooked combs and
honey after the good, straight brood-
combs have been taken from them, and
letting the bees clean them up, and turn-
ing the honey into young bees for the
honey-flow. In this way two purposes
are accomplished, the other being that it
saves the fussing with broken combs
of honey from which the honey has to
be pressed or strained. But is there not
danger of starting robbing from the
other bees in the apiary? It would
be a good plan, perhaps, to remove the
box-hives some distance from the apiary,
as the danger of robbing is not so bad
when the bees carry the stolen sweets
from some distance away.

Another good idea is to sprinkle water
over the broken hives, which has a tend-
ency to extinguish the scent of open
honey, and partly dilutes the honey, so
much so that the bees engaged in the
fracas are less liable to go at it in a
helter-skelter manner.

■^

tonventicHi
Proceed inds

Report of the Ontario, Can-
ada, Convention

RKPORTBD BY MORLEY PETTIT.

The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
met in the York County Council Cham-
bers, Toronto, Nov. 7, 8, 9, 1906. Pres.
H. G. Sibbald occupied the chair. After
the reading of the minutes of the last
annual meeting, the President read his
opening address. He regretted the fail-
ure of the honey crop for 1906, but con-
gratulated the members on the advance
in prices. On account of the increased
population of the country, a large home
market for honey should be found.

."Announcement was made from the
Department of Agriculture that the
grant for suppression of foul brood is
likely to be doubled, showing the in-
creased intrest taken in this by the
Minister of Agriculture. Hon. Nelson
Monteith, and Deputy Minister, C. C.
James. This along with the change in
regulation, taking the control of inspec-
tion entirely out of the hands of the

Association, Mr. Sibbald considered
moves in the right direction.

J. D. Evans spoke a few words wel-
coming the Association to the old his-
torical hall, the York County Council
Chambers.

R. H. Smith opened the discussion
on the President's address. As one of
the members at the first meeting of the
Ontario .\ssociation in the old City Hall,
Mr. Smith saw many advances among
expert bee-keepers, but not so much
among farmer bee-keepers, as there
should be. He regretted the lack of
interest shown by farmers in the local
associations. The Executive had been
working out some of the suggestions
made by jNIr. Pettit last year, by putting
local associations iir federation with the
Ontario Association.

Mr. Smith regretted the light crop of
honey — perhaps the lightest for 10
years; but the exhibit at the Fruit,
Flower, and Hone\' Show was one of
the best he has seen despite the light
crop.

W. J. Brown suggested that in accord

Jan. 3. 1907

American Hae Journal

with the suggestions of :Mr, Pettit in
the Canadian Bee Journal last year, we
stick close to the program so that mem-
bers coming in can know what to expect
at certain hours.

R. F. Holtermann. referring to the
price of honey, thought that consider-
ing the price of everything else is up,
bee-keepers could keep the price of
honey up. Messrs. Brown, jMcEvoy and
Sibhald. spoke on the matter of prices,
and thanked the crop-report committee
for the help they had been to the bee-
keepers. Jlr. Timbers considered it not
necessary to export hone}'.

Jlr. McEvoy would be in favor of
exporting enough to keep the price up.

J. D. Evans sees that the lesson of
the year of shortage to us is that in
€.\tra-good years we store the surplus
for the poor years.

Mr. Holtermann — This report, that
there is a combine, is more far-reach-
ing than we think. We should assure
people that the Crop Report Committee
do not control prices. It merely ad-
vises members as to the price they can
likely get.

Jno. Xewton — Bee-keepers should be
permitted to get together and agree
on prices, as well as fruit-growers and
others.

M. B. Holmes — It has always been
my wish that this report be kept pri-
vate, and should not find its way into
public print. Take care that honey be
kept A No. I, as always.

G. A. Deadman agreed that the prices
be kept private. The committee should
always be cautious about setting the
price too high, because bee-keepers some-
times keep honey till winter and sell
at a lower price.

Mr. Couse, Secretary of the Commit-
tee, said the committee has not made a
great mistake yet, though prices may
vary slightly. This reporting is what is
going on with reference to many other
things — grain, seed, etc., and is quite
legitimate and very helpful.

Mr. Chrysler suggested that the re-
port of the Report Committee be sent to
as many outside bee-keepers as possi-
ble, to influence them to keep prices
right.

Mrs. Grosjcan and W. A. Chrysler
commended the work of the Report
Committee, and moved a vote of thanks
to them.

W. H. Kerby said it should reach
smaller bee-keepers.

Mr. Holtermann — The only way to
reach smaller bee-keepers is through the
local associations.

Mr. Sibbald — The reason for publish-
ing the crop report in the papers was
that local bee-keepers, dealers and con-
sumers should all understand the state
of the crop.

Mr. Deadman — Too often bee-keepers
charge a wholesaler the same price as
the retailer, so the Committee should
publish these prices.

PRODUCTION OF COMB HONEY

The essential requisites for the pro-
duction of comb honey are a good
honey-flow, strong colonies of bees, con-
venient hives, and an apiarist who un-
derstands handling bees and hives so as
to take advantage of the flow of nectar.

The first of these requisites is beyond
our control, except that we should take
care to locate our apiaries where there
is usually an abundance of nectar-se-
creting plants and trees, such as clover,
basswood, etc. In my location clover
is the only source of surplus hofiey.

The strength of the colony of bees
depends largely upon the care it gets
after being taken from its winter quar-
ters. .'V colony that has wintered well,
and has a good queen and an ample sup-
ply of food, will usually be in good
condition for the harvest wdien it comes.

The hive should be sufficiently large
to contain a good supply of honey, and
yet leave room for all the. brood a good
queen can produce. It should be easily
enlarged or contracted as the occasion
may require. The hive I use holds 8
Langstroth frames in the brood cham-
ber, which is large enough for the great-
er part of the year. In the spring, when
a colony is building up rapidly and needs
more room, I enlarge the hive by adding
a half-story super containing 8 frames,
5 inches in depth, being equal to 5
Langstroth frames, thus increasing the
capacity of the brood-chamber to 13
frames.

When the harvest is at hand and the
hive overflowing with bees, put on a
super of sections. If the colony is in a
i'<;-story hive, remove the half story,
making sure that the queen is in the
lower brood-chamber, and put on a
queen-excluder to keep her there. Put
on the sections, and on top of them the
half-story super that was on the hive in
the first place. The entrance should be
the full width of the hive, and about an
inch wide during the harvest. Af-
ter the bees are nicely started in the sec-
tions the super of shallow frames may
be taken away and another super of sec-
tions put on in its place.

.\bout this time the colony will be
preparing to swarm. The swarming im-
pulse is not the great misfortune fhat
it is often represented to be. The choic-
est comb honey is usually produced by
the colonies that have swarmed, either
naturally or otherwise. But the swarm-
ing must be controlled, and I know of
no better plan than the "shook" swarm-
ing. Shake the bees into a new hive
containing 5 frames filled with wired
foundation or starters, as you prefer
(my preference is the wired foundation),
and one frame of comb to catch the pol-
len. If that frame of comb contains a
quantity of unsealed brood, no harm will
be done. Put in enough dummies to fill
out the hive. Set the new hive on the
old stand with an empty hive-body be-
low the brood cliamber. This empty
body will give the bees room to clus-
ter in. and they are not likely to swarm
out the next day, as they probably
would do without it. It should be re-
moved after the second or third day.
In shaking the bees I prefer to shake all
the bees and give the brood to some
other colony to take care of. The sec-
tions should be taken- from the old hive
and placed on the new one.

Where shall we put the sections that
:.-e add to a hive that has one or more
supers on? And how many supers should
we have on a hive at one time? I
have no fixed rule for putting on sec-
tions. It is largely a matter of judg-

ment, for what is all right in one case
may be wrong in another. I usually
put the second super on top of the
first, leaving it there till I think it is
safe to put it below without danger of
the bees stopping work in the first one.
The third super is put on top, with No.
I next, and No. 2 below No. I ; and so
on, crowding, if anything, the lower su-
purs and keeping an empty one on top
in reserve. It is there if needed, and
if not needed it does no harm.

The sections and foundation we use
are two important items in the produc-
tion of comb honey. The plain or no-
bee-way section with the fence separa-
tor is much superior to the old-stj'le bee-
way section and plain wood or tin sep-
arators. I have given both kinds a thor-
ough trial and am decidedly in favor of
the no-bee-way section.

The sections should be so placed in the
super that there will be a fence separa-
tor between the outside rows of sections
and the sides of the super, leaving a pas-
sage-way for the bees on each side,
which results in the outside rows of
sections being nearly, if not quite, as
well filled as the middle ones, and in
about the same time — sometimes sooner.
I have taken off supers of sections where
the only unfinished sections were in the
center rows. Use full-sized sheets of
extra-thin foundation in the sections.
The thinnest foundation is the best and
most economical to use. A section that
is taller than it is wide is bet:ter than
a square one. The tall sections sell
more readily, and are preferred by deal-
ers.

When removing the filled supers of
honey from the hives, bee-escapes are
very convenient, but it is not necessary
to iiave an escape-board for each hive.
A few puffs of smoke will drive most
of the bees out of the super to be taken
off, and then it should be quickly re-
moved. Pile the supers up at the side
of the apiary with an escape-board un-
derneath, and in a few hours they will
be free from bees. The honey should
be stored in a warm, dry place, if possi-
ble. I use the cellar under my house for
storing the honey, and keep it dry with
a small stove burning natural gas, which
is lighted more or less every day wdiile
the honey is there. If there is no un-
sealed pollen in the combs it w-ill not
be necessary to fumigate comb honey.

The Italian bees have not given as
much • satisfaction in comb-honey pro-
duction as a cross between the Italian
and the black bees, on account of the
manner in which they seal the combs,
that of the hybrids being much whiter.

At the close of the honey-flow enlarge
the brood-chamber to its full capacity
again, .\fter having secured a crop of
nice comb honey do not spoil it by
slipshod methods of marketing. Put the
honey in neat and clean cases holding a
a dozen sections each, having first thor-
oughly cleaned each section of propolis
and carefully graded them. Time spent
in this work is well and profitably spent.
U. H. BOWEN.

Niagara Falls, South, Ont.

"Can as good comb honey be pro-
duced above old comb as above new?"

Mr. Pettit — When there is a quick,
sharp flow there is not much difference,

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

Imt when the flow is slower, or ihc sec-
tions are left on too long, the cap-
pings arc liahle to be darkened by bits
of dark colored wax being earned np
from the old combs in the lirood cham-
ber. In this case of course the new
combs are preferable. , , , , „

"Wliy use dummies instead of the lull
number of frames, and why are fences
better than plain separators?"

Mr. Tettit— The dummies till the space
at the outside of the brood nest, which
would otherwise be filled with honey,
and when it is desirable to have as many
iinished sections as possible, no room
should be left for the storage of honey
beside the brood.

■■.\re the sections over the dummies
tilled as well as over combs?"

Mr. Pettit— Quite as well. Fences are
better than plain separators because they
allow the bees more freedom of action
in the super, and make them more con-
tented. Three-sixteenth inch holes bored
in the separators answer the purpose
(|uite as well and do not give w-ash-
board appearance.

"WMiy does not contraction of ^ brood
chamlier induce swarming again?"

Mr. Pettit — It does when the flow is
long, but bv the time combs are built
and brood reared, the swarming season
is generallv prettv well past.

"What strain of bees is considered
best for comb honev production?"

:\rr. Miller— Hybrids.

"Shall we winter bees inside or out-
doors?"

Mr. Miller— Outside wintering in out-
yards gives best results in spring. To
keep the storm from driving in the en-
trance, tip the hive well forward.

"Have you had any experience win-
tering bees in a trench?"

Mr. Miller— None.

Mr. Whitesides — A number of years
ago. I wintered 6 colonies that way quite
\vell. The next winter I had them two
<ieep in the trench, and the lower tier all
died.

QuEENLESS Colonies in Spring.

"Can colonies coming out of winter-
quarters queenless be given a queen suc-
cessfully?"

Mr. Miller — No. Not successfully.

Mr. Holterman — This can be done
successfully by sending away for queens.
It is nut worth while to fuss with lay-
ing workers, but a good colony with-
out a queen mav be queened success-
fully.

Mr. Miller — Unite a strong colony
with a weak one having a queen.
We must consider all these questions
from the standpoint of wdiat expense
will bring the greatest profit.

Mr. Holterman — You can introduce
queens easily right after they come out
of cellar.

In producing comb honey, use a queen-
e.xcluder over starters below the super
if there are combs in the super instead
of foundation.

Mr. Miller finds a gasoline engine very
helpful in extracting. It ' saves more
than a man's work. With that and a
good uncapping machine he could al-
most "sit down."

Referring to the Alexander Method
of building up weak colonies in spring,
Morlev Pettit said, "Put the weak col-

ony on a strong one with two queen-
excluders between. Then in 2 or 3 weeks
remove the strong colony to the va-
cant stand originally occupied by the
weak one."

COVKRNMK.NT IlKl.r KOIl UKK-KKEI-INO.

The Hon. Nelson Monteith, in his ad-
dress to the bee-keepers, stated that he
came with the open mind that would
enable him to learn from the discussions
of the bee-men what can best be done
in the way of legislation for this im-
portant industry. He believed that the
value of honey as a food was not well
enough known, and it might well be ex-
pected from the bee-men that they dis-
seminate information along this line, and
that there is also room for improve-
ment in the article put on the market.
This Province is growing rapidly in
population, and an ever-growing mar-
ket can be opened up if it is well looked
after. With reference to the inspec-
tion of apiaries, the Department is anx-
ious to do whatever is for the best in-
terest of the bee-keepers, regardless of
party influences. We recognize, said
Mr.' Monteith, that the season for in-
spection is so short that the work might
be furthered by giving more attention to
inspection, either by appointing more
inspectors or by some other means we
are not quite clear— districts for inspec-
tion, with an inspector resident in each.
The Department would like the execu-
tive committee of the association to rec-
ommend the names of these inspectors,
and would suggest that Mr. McEvoy be
retained for inspector of his own di-
vision, and as referee in case of dis-
putes in the others. Probably $l,200
will be appropriated next year for the
purpose of inspection. It was also sug-
gested that the secretaryship of the as-
sociation be located in the Department.
This had been found to work well in
the case of the other associatioons, and
would, no doubt, be beneficial to the
bee-keepers as well.

The president said he was glad to have
Mr. Monteith at the convention and felt
that the Department was making an ef-
fort to advance bee-keeping.

"We feel," he said, "that bee-keepers
are utilizing a product that would other-
wise be wasted, and that foul brood is
a very serious menace. It means a
$2000 loss to one man alone in the last
three years."

A leter was read from the Department
proposing that the relationship between
the association and the Department be
strengthened. The Department would
like the executive committee to suggest
men for inspectors. They propose to
divide the province into six districts for
inspection, with one resident inspector
in each, Mr. William McEvoy, as in-
spector in his own district and as a
referee in case of disputes elsewhere.
They would proliably spend twelve hun-
dred dollars on inspection next season.

It might also be wise, the letter con-
tinued, to have the secretaryship of the
association located in the Department.
This is "done in reference to the other
associations with profit.

The present secretar\-, Mr. Cousc,
expressed himself as being pleased with
the new arrangement.

Letter from Deputy C. C. James

DiAK Sir;— Under instructions from
the Minister, I beg to lay before you,
for consideration by your Kxccutivc—
and if thought advisable by your Ex-
ecutive, to lay before the members at
your next convention— a proposition
whereby we think the relationship of
this Department with the Association
may be materially improved, the use-
fulness of the Association extended, and
the interests of the bee-keepers better
served.

We have found that it has been to
the mutual advantage of the Depart-
ment and other associations to have the
relationship strengthened and the work
of inspection directed from the Depart-
ment. You will recall that at the last
session of the Legislature provision was
made whereby more than one inspec-
tor might be appointed by the Minis-
ter, and the work of inspection directed
from the Department. Owing to the
latenes in the season when this bill
became law, and also owing to the
fact that your Association had already
selected an inspector, it was felt ad-
visable to continue your recommenda-
tion, and the work was begun some-
what late in the season.

We understand that the period of best
inspection is somewhat short, and that,
therefore, it might be advisable to di-
vide the Province into six Districts, as
follows :

1. Lennox and Addington, Frontcnac

and east.

2. Victoria, Peterboro, Northumber-
land, Durham, Prince Edward, Hastings.

3. Y'ork, Peel, Simcoe, Duflferin, On-
tario. , .,,

4. Wellington, Waterloo, Perth, Hu-
ron, Bruce, Grev.

5. Norfolk, Brant, Oxford, Elgin,
Kent. Essex, Lambton, ^Middlesex.

6. Wentworth. Lincoln, Welland, Hal-
dimand.

We think that it would be practicable
to secure a good man for each one of
these districts. In making the selection,
the Minister would naturally consult
with the officers and Directors, as he
would desire men who would be well
informed and carry on the work with
the approval of the society. We would
suggest, however, that the services of
Mr. McEvoy be retained, and that he
be given se'ction No. 6, providing he
would be willing to continue. This sec-
tion is in the vicinitv of his own home,
and he would be available for referring
to him any points that might come up in
connection with disputes in other dis-
tricts. W'hile we have in mind other
bee-keepers for the other sections, it is
not necessary to name them in this con-
nection. It is the principles of the work
a«Ti general lines of division that w-e
submit to you for consideration.

This would necessitate a larger grant
than we have at the present time. The
Minister is inclined to think that next
year a total appropriation of $1,200
would be sufficient, as the inspectors
would not have to travel so far from
home, expenses would be lessened, and
should be able to cover a much larger
area than has been done under the old
plan.

In the next place we have thought

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

tliat. ill order to carry out this work
and keep in direct touch with the
bee-keepers, it might be advisable to
have the Secretary of the Associa-
tion located in the Department. We are
not anxious, in the Department, to
monopolize any of the work or privileges
of the Association, but if you think it
would not interfere with the work of
your Association in any way, but rather
improve its working, to have the secre-
taryship here, we beg leave to say that
that can be arranged. The Secretary of
the Fruit-Growers' Association, Mr.
P. W. Hodgetts, is an officer of this
Department, and we understand that he
would be willing to take the secretary-
ship of the Bee-Keepers' Association
also. But that is a matter that we do
not wish to force on you in any way,
but submit for consideration. You may
consider the question with the utmost
freedom. Mr. Hodgetts is not seeking
it, and we are not unduly urging it.
We would hope to bring the work of
the Association into closer relationship
with other branches of work, more par-
ticularly the Farmers' Institutes, and
it is just possible that some improve-
ment might be made to the advantage
of the Association and the Institutes.
Please have this matter considered by
your Executive. C. C. J.\mes.

Deputy Mhiisttr of Ayriculture.
Toronto, Ont., Oct. 31, 1906.

J. D. Evans — The bee-industry is not
only for the honey and money, but the
bees as fertilizers bring millions of dol-
lars to the fruit-growers every year.

Mr. Sibbald approved the proposed
plan.

Mr. Couse thought the Department
could handle the secretaryship much bet-
ter than any private individual.

Mr. McEvoy thought if he is to be
referee in inspection, he should be al-
lowed to choose the inspectors. He de-
clared he would not act at all unless he
could choose the other 5 inspectors.

Mr. Chrysler approved of the pro-
posal.

Mr. Miller considered the proposition.-
of untold worth to the Association.

W. J. Craig thought we should get
together, and be unaninunis.

jMr. Pettit — It might be wiser to leave
the matter of appointing inspectors in
the hands of the Department. We have
had so much discussion and difference
on appointing inspectors that it came as
a relief that the matter of appointing
was taken out of our hands.

Ed. Dickinson, Jr., agreed with this,
that the Department might well retain
the appointing.

Minister of Agriculture — The Depart-
ment desires to be given a free hand,
and we have endeavored to keep free
from political appointments. It is from
these organizations that we get the best
advice. We hope you will settle your
differences and agree on a line of policy.

Mr. McEvoy no doubt has the inter-
ests of bee-keepers at heart.

Mr. Couse was pleased to think of the
secretaryship going into the Department,
where the office machinery would great-
ly increase its efficiency.

Many expressed appreciation of Mr.
McEvoy's superior knowledge of the
cure of foul brood.

Wi.xTER Repositories.

Wm. Couse, Streetsville, made the
keynote of his address on this subject
"drjness." He argued from his experi-
ence from the "good old brimstone days"
when every boy could smell brimstone
in the fall for "three miles" and it
spelled "honey" for him, to the present
day of modern appliances. The first
winter repository he remembered was
a hollow pine log with a hole half way
up for entrance and in this the bees in-
variably wintered because it kept them
dry.

IDr. Thorn and the Alpaughs were the
first cellar winterers in his section (Cen-
tre Wellington). Their cellars some-
times had water on the floor but the
atmosphere was dry and they wintered
well. A little later Mr. Couse went to
Beeton, where D. A. Jones wintered in
sawdust houses. The loss here was al-
ways in the bottom rows where the bees
were not kept dry as in the upper rows.
Mr. Couse now winters about half in the
cellar and half outside, and finds that
they invariably winter better in the cel-
lar and should not be taken out in spring
till on towards the middle of April.

R. H. Smith said that old, black combs
are warmer for wintering than new ones.
He had bees winter well in a cellar
where the floor was covered with water.
The water seemed to purify the air. He
thought the best temperature is 45 to
48 degrees above zero. The cellar is per-
haps the best method of wintering bees
in this countrv.

Mr. Holtermann — The only way to
know the moisture of a cellar is to have
a hygrometer to measure the moisture
of the air.

O. L. Hershiser — It may or may not
be true that water in a cellar consti-
tutes a damp cellar. Mr. Couse has
struck the keynote of successful win-
tering when he says it is dryness.

J. L. Byer — Wintering outside in an
exposed manner is done at the e.xpense
of stores. ,A real strong colony with
abundance of stores w'ill winter in al-
most any shape outdoors.

Mr. Holtermann — It is more difficult
to get bees into shape for outdoor win-
tering than for indoor wintering.

Mr. McEvoy — That might be.

A Member — I don't want winter
brood-rearing before February. I can
tell any time in winter when they are
rearing brood. In that case they must
stop the brood-rearing. Cool them off
by taking off the cover, etc.

]Mr. Miller said it is possible that a
combination of conditions affects cir-
cumstances. He finds that it is not nec-
essary to give upward ventilation.

Mr. Holtermann doubts the wisdom
of sealed hive-covers in the cellar.

Mr. Bruune said the cellar should be
on a slope. Dampness is necessary for
wintering. Have the honey-board on
top, but leave off the cover and bottom-
board so the air can circulate through
the whole hive.

(Continued ne.xt week.)

The " Old Reliable '' as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Are Climbing Bees a Sign of
Robbing?

About the climbing of bees being a
sign of robbing. Dr. Miller sticks to
his t'other-way position like a good
fellow. If the Question-Box wasn't
dead beyond resurrection, I'd ask to
have the thing submitted to the ex-
perls. If we could get an overwhelm-
ing majority against him maybe he'd
down. And then, again, maybe he
wouldn't. (.\nd then, again, maybe I
wouldn't get the majority.) About
that time I might be saying, "Those
experts are worse than a petit jury,
anyhow." The question, mind you, is
not whether it always means robbing,
nor whether it usually means robbing,
but, Is it robbing often enough that
the apiarist ought to see about it
promptly when it occurs? Page 985.

Position of Fk.^mes in Extractor.

So the Canadians are figuring on
putting combs into the extractor in

such a way as to capture the upward
slant of the cells to help along the de-
sired result. Evidently there is an
item there that might be secured. But
whether it is a valuable item, or an
item so small that it is hardly worth
bothering with, even my guessing
prowess does not enable me to say.
Decisive experiments not easy to hit
on, either. And while you're at it, re-
member that gravity can also be made
to help some by running the frames
bottom upward. Page 983.

Bees .\nd Grapes.

John Kennedy thought hard of us
all, and names me for one, because
when he was deeply- stirred up about
something destroying his grapes, not
one of us would say anything. He
didn't realize what a dreadfully worn-
out and threshedout subject "Bees
and Grapes" has become. And I —
well, I had an additional reason for
" holding my whist " in that my opin-

Jan. 3, 1907

American ^Bcc Journalj

ions on the subject are a little hereti-
cal, and I am giving the brethren more
heresy now than they are able to stand.
Notwithstanding he " knows " it isn't
the birds, I'll be just impolite enough
to guess that it is. I<et him look for
very small and very sly birds, with
needle-like bills, and a Satanic dispo-
sition to stab, stab, stab a multitude
of grapes, taking only a minute drop
from each. And if I am right, the only
time in the day when they can be seen
anywhere around the vines is just as
day is dawning in the morning, when
the grape owner isn't up yet. Mr. K.
looked in the night with a lantern, and
looked also through the day, but per-
haps he didn't look closely enough just
-at the right time.

However, that's not the only theory
open. His small bumble-bees may
really be mason bees (so called from
boring their nests in masonry where
the mortar is not very hard), and mason
bees are likely enough to have just as
sharp mouth-parts as the carpenter
bees have. I never observed mason
bees when they were at the flowers,
but the other fellows I have. The car-
penter bee has a bill so sharp that he
won't take pains to go inside flower-
tubes, but just punches right through
from the outside. Might, perhaps,
serve grapes the same way. So I judge
that the whole of these two " cala-
bangs " of big bees (including several
species) are possible enough culprits
when grape mischief is being done.
Page 980.

Putting a Robbed Colony Over a
Strong One.

Sure ! Robbers can't renew the same
wickedness next day if you put the
hive they are after over another and
much stronger colony. Once in a while
it may be desirable to do so, I guess.
In general, putting a weak colony over
a strong one doesn't seem to be win-
ning popularity much ; but this one
item bids fair to be saved from the
wreck. Page 983.

Faith in the Bee-Man.

A lesson to us all is that little girl on
the face of No. 48. She is not one of
the child bee-keepers, and she doesn't
like to get stung. She simply believed
what the bee-man told her, whqn he
said the bees wouldn't hurt her. How
good a thing is faith ! (and how bad,
sometimes, when the person at the far
end is not worthy !)

Those Night 'Water-Carrving Bees !

And J. Pawletta stirs us up again.
He's the man whose bees carry water
at night. Admits that at their daytime
watering-place, 210 yards away, bees
are not found at night. Sticks to his
previous report. And still he finds it
too tiresome ever to get around and
say, squarely up and down, that he has
ever seen a bee load up with water and
start for home — sees 'em come and go
• at the hive-end of the performance.
Page 968.

Spring Moving of Bees.

And here is a very graceful and
luminous sentence from Mrs. Null, on
apiary moving : " Oh, but it's so nat-
ural to wait for spring, and join hands
with Nature, and promenade all !"
Page 965.

Mr. Bingham's Step-Ladder Hives.

Bingham thinks he's smart to show
us, on the face of No. 47, hives tiered
up till one needs a step-ladder to get
the cover olT. Mr. B., you never read
the poem which says ;

Not alwayt? people
Clear up in the steeple.

No, I guess you never did.

r

\..

Pacific (Toast
Illunnurinas

'^

J

Chickens in the Apiary.

The bee-periodicals from time to
time have had something to say pro
and con on the subject of chickens in
the apiary. At our place the apiary
and vegetable garden are on the oppo-
site side of the fence from where the
poultry is allowed to run, as none of
the folks like the chickens to come
near the house or roam through the
garden. If poultry knew where to
scratch without rooting up valuable
seeds and plants, we would tolerate
them in the garden ; but how few
chickens have " horse sense 1" In a
few minutes an old hen, which is a
"lightning striker " with her "lower
limbs," will do untold mischief to a
bed of newly-planted seed or a bed of
plants that we may have spent much
time and considerable money in estab-
lishing. Too often do these old hens

This year I became, as it were, fos-
ter father to a pair of black chickens.
How this came about I shall not here
relate in detail, though suffice it to say
that I took them under my " motherly "
care when they were but a few hours
old. I raised them in the way that a
well-educated chicken should go. They
are "cute " chickens now, though they
are not yet fully grown. They were
given privileges the other chickens
were not allowed to enjoy. I early in-
troduced them to the bugs and things
that are to be found in an apiary. I
would take them into the apiary, and
by turning over a board or box would
disclose a lot of worms or bugs. It
was as good as a picnic to see how the
little chicks would go for the insects.
Sometimes I would find a moth, or the
larva of a moth, inside a hive, and I
would give the two-legged little pets a
lesson in that sort of entomology.
They did not seem to care for such
study. "Gastronomy " was more to
their liking, for they would devour the
enemies of the bees quicker than one
could say "Jack Robinson.''

In time the little chicks made regu-
lar visits to the apiary in quest of in-
sects. They soon got a brood of chick-
eus that were just weaned to become
regular bug-and-moth hunters among
the bee-hives, too. In one part of the
apiary were a few hives that I had not
given any attention to, as my time
among the bees for some years back
has been far more limited than it was
a decade and more of years ago. In
this part of the apiary I found a few
hives had become the prey of the
abominable wax-moth. I closed the

A MOTH-RIDPEN HIVE BEING INSPECTED BY CHICKENS.

raise " old scratch," and a rank growth
of nasty cuss-words, even, sometimes,
in one religiously inclined. For this
reason it may be believed that said old
hens are in some way the instruments
of the Evil One in the undoing of us
humble mortals. But I am getting
away from what I was going to say
about chickens in the bee-yard.

hive until I secured my camera. Then
I got things posed for a suitable view
of the situation — " Chickens in the
Apiary." What a world of endear-
ment there is in the little picture I
secured 1 One of my " black beauties "
ran away, as a bee got tangled in the
feathers about her ears. But a noble
pullet, that learned to hunt about the

Jan 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

hives, took the truant's place and en-
joyed a meal of " worms."

These " little birds ' moved about so
rapidly in their feasting on larvaj that
I had a job to snap them in a position
that just suited my " artistic " notions ;
in fact, I did tot get them just as I
wanted, after all. Anyway, it may
be seen that the black bird is just
picking a dainty tid-bit from oft' a
Hoffman frame, and the larger chicken
is about to strike out for a big fat
larva on the top of one of said frames.
Just before Black Bird No. 2 was
skidooed by a bee, she flew up on the
hive, and I was about to capture her
" camerically " when she " lit out."

So much for these chickens. Does
not the hive look wormy ? It's a prize
picture. But don't say anything about

it:
Ants— Do Chickens Eat Thbm ?

In my observations of the diet of
chickens among the bee-hives, I noticed
that ants and their larv;t- were not on
the former's bill of fare. I read some-
where that chickens were fond of ant-
larvae. Not so, my chickens. I suppose
they were not the right kind of ants. I
refer to the little black ant that is too
often such an annoyance in the pantry

■W^

and about the hives. I have seen a
hen with her little chicks thoroughly
enjoy a feast of those ants that come
out full-winged just after the tirst
rainy day of the season. These are a
sort of wood-ant, I believe, and are not
" poluted " with the nasty taste and
odor of the " house "-ant.

Moths vs. L.\ngstroth Hives.

Referring again to the moth infested
hive, I want to record this fact, that of
all hives I ever had anything to do
with in a period extending over some
40 years, I never had a hive fall so
easily a prey to the moths as the 8-
frame Langstroth. Why is this? I
dont know unless it is because the
hive is too small, and for this location
does not contain sufficient storage-
room for food-supplies for the bees to
subsist on. Then the division-board
or follower is a bad thing, as behind it
it can harbor the moth, and from there
inroads are made upon the vitality of
the colony. I think the time will come
when the division-board feature of the
hive will be abandoned. Then we
shall have a different style frame, too
This is not intended as heretical; it's
progress, I hope.

^*T^

•DocforMilleri^»^

^esfioiv^B^x

Send QueetiODd either to the oUice of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111,
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Wlrins or Splinting Foundation

Which is better to fasten brood-foundation,
wire or splints? Wisconsin.

Answer.— Just so (ar as the mere matter of
fastening is concerned, the wire is better.
Splints do not directly hold the foundation
in the frame, although they stiffen it so there
is little danger of its falling out. But splints
have the great advantage that you can have
the foundation built down to the bottom-bar
with no danger of sagging or buckling — a
dillicult thing to accomplish with wiring.

Extreme Sensitiveness to Bee-Stings

A year ago last summer, whenever my wife
went out to help with the bees, she would
have an attack of sneezing and coughing;
her eyes would run water, and she would
breathe with difficulty. It acted a good deal
like a severe case of hay-fever or asthma.

Last summer she came out one day to help
me move a hive, when a bee stung heron the
arm, through jacket and shirtwaist, so it was
not a very severe sting. I told her to go to
the house at once and put some turpentine on
the spot stung. I came right along in, not a
minute later, and found her nearly speech-
less, lips aad tongue swollen, a fever all over
as if she were burning up, and broken out in
large water-blisters all over her body. She
was nearly dying in a few minutes. After a
while she became easier, but was sick abed
the rest of the day, and was not well again

for a couple of days after. So she did not
dare to go out any more last season.

Now, is there any preventive, remedy, or
cure? Do you think it will ever occur again?
Will it be advisable for her to try it any more,
that is, to go out into the bee-yard?

Wisconsin.

Answer. — This is one of those very few
eases of extreme sensitiveness styled "idio-
syncrasies." It is quite possible that the re-
sults of the next sting would not be so
severe; but the likelihood is that they would
still be somewhat serious. Quite likely per-
severance would in time secure to a great exj
tent immunity ; but whether it be worth while
to pay the price for that immunity is a ques-
tion. On general principles, the right thing
for a person so peculiarly constituted is to
keep away from the bees entirely ; and only
in case it should be of the highest importance
to be able to assist at bee-work should an ex-
ception be made.

This, however, is only personal opinion ;
and in case any one can help out, such help
will be gratefully received.

Staple-Spacing Frames

I am using hives which contain 10 Hoffman
frames and a division-board, or, in other
words, my hives are H',' inches wide. Each
frame takes up IJ, inches, so there is I'H-inch
space for the division-board. Now, I do not
like the Hoffman frame so well as I thought
I would, and am going to change to staple-
spacing— one staple on each side of top-bar

at opposite corners. I am going to do away
with the division-board, and I was wondering
if it would do any harm to drive the staples
in a little further than usual, and make room
for one or more frames where the division-
board is. Would this narrow spacing — about
I4 inch on the whole hive— make any differ-
ence? What would you do to make that 13f
inches big enough for a frame? or would you
put one in at all? Ontario.

Answer. — I hardly believe you will find
any bad effect from squeezing together the
frames so little. But I advise you to try it on
a rather small scale for a year or two at first.
There is considerable danger that you will
count it too troublesome to get out the first
frame if your frames are automatically
spaced, and no more play than you propose.
Even if you could do it well enough at first,
propolis will accumulate, and you may find
your frames wedged in so tightly as to make
it a matter of too much difficulty to get out
the first frame. It would take a good deal to
get me to give up the convenience of haying
a dummy in each hive; for I take it for
granted that you mean a dummy when you
speak of a division-board. It they are really
division-boards, that is, tight-fitting, then I'd
cut them down to dummies, having a space of
'., inch or so at each end and underneath.

Feeding Bees in the Spring

1. As I fear that my bees will be a little
light of stores in spring, would you advise
feeding maple water reduced about half, so as
to make it thicker? or do you think it would
injure the bees?

2. As my bees will probably be light in
spring, would you advise feeding in a whole-
sale way, or feed only a little at a time?

3. How soon would you advise feeding in,
spring? Do you think it is too soon to feed
when the first pollen comes in?

Missouri.

Answers.— 1. Better not give such feed
till bees are flying nearly every day.

2. About as well go it wholesale ; bees feel
encouraged to have a good lot of stores in
sight. About the best way is to give them
early in fall enough to last till the Bowers
will keep them busy the next year.

3. Feed in spring just as soon as you think
there is any danger of starving. If they have
enough to last through till Bowers they'll not
need feeding in most places. The places they
will need it, even when there are stores in the
hive, are those places where there is fine
weather for them to fly every day, yet no
flowers for them to work on. If such condi-
tions last long enough, the queen will cease
laying, and so you should feed every day, or
every alternate day, to keep her laying.

Old Hives With Moth-Cocoons on
Frames

I have bought a lot of old bee-hives that
have been empty for 3 or 4 years. There are
lots of moth-cocoons on the frames. Will
these hives be suitable to put bees into the
coming season, if thoroughly cleaned?

Vermont.

Answer.— Yes, they will be all right so
tar as any danger from moths is concerned,
for there is no life in the cocoons; although
the frames may be somewhat gnawed by the
larva' of the moths.

Our W^ood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for SI. 10,
Address the office of the American Bee Jour-
nal.

Jan 3. 1907

American IBee Journal

Iteporfs and
" pcrience3,|

Poor Year for Bees

This year wue a poor one for bees, for from
SO colonies, spring count, I got only InOO
pounds of lioney. I thinlc it was too wet. 1
put lot) colonies into the cellar Nov. 20, but I
think a lot of tliem will starve before spring.
Chas. J. MiLLEB.

Long Prairie, Minn., Deo. 10.

Bees in the Rocks

In prospecting for gold on the Colorado
River, in Nevada and Arizona, I carry water
in cans, and sometimes 4 miles from the
river bees cover the stopper so that I can not
drink. They live in the rocks.

Searchlight, Nev. F. F. Robinson.

Bees Cappying Pollen in November

Perhaps it would be of interest to you to
know that bees were out at 7:30 this a.m.,
Nov. 19, 1000, and some of them carrying pol-
len. Temperature 0:i degrees above zero.

North Scituate, Mass. W. A. Carter.

Bees Quiet in the Cellap

My bees are unusually quiet in the cellar. I
have never had so few dead bees on the floor
after so long a time — more than a month.
There are very few on the floor.

We have 2 inches of snow and ice. It is
fine wheeling and fair sleighing — not very
cold, but not thawing. T. F. Bingham.

Farwell, Mich., Dec. IS.

His Best Season in 1906

The season of 1S100 was the best I ever
knew. My bees commenced work in earnest
about June 15, and continued to bring in
honey until about Sept. 15. This is not a
good locality for honey, there being no clover
of any kind and but very little basswood, the
principal sources being sumac, peas, and cot-
ton.

I started in last spring with H colonies and
increased to 54. I secured on an average fiO
well-filled sections per colony, spring count.
My best colony yielded 116 well-tilled sections.
My colonies in Danzentaaker hives yielded
about 33^t percent more honey than those in
the S-frame dovetailed hives. I have never
been able heretofore to get more than 30 well-
filled sections to the colony. I hope this
locality will continue to improve as it did this
season.

Success to the American Bee Journal.

Danville, Ark., Nov. 19. J. H. McCaroo.

-Fast-

Plain vs. Bee-Way Seetions-
ening Siapteps

I improve every opportunity to induce bee-
keepers to read the American Bee Journal,
and learn how to make the bees keep them.
While the past season was quite discourag-
ing at times, on the whole it was quite satis-
factory. My crop was 4000 pounds of ex-
tracted and 5065 pounds of section honey, or
5313 sections. One shipment of comb honey
of 4502 sections weighed 4416 pounds net;
near enough a pound to a section for all prac-
tical purposes. I have IS unfinished sections
left for bait. How is that for a finish-up?

There has been considerable discussion as
to what size should constitute a 1-pound sec-
tion, and I will say for the benefit of those
concerned that these were about two-thirds
4'4 square plain, and one-third i}^ square bee-
way sections. In a dray-load, as they were
hauled to the car tor loading, a record was

kept of the kind of sections and their net
weights, and hero Is the result; plain, 1124
sections, net weight 1032 pounds; l>oo-way,
792 sections, net weight 763 pounds. While
the bee- way sections weighed slightly heavier,
the dilTereneo is so slight it is not worth
reckoning. In fact, almost If not quite sulli-
cient extra wood is in the bee-way sections to
make the dilTerence. From the consumer's
standpoint, it is about a "siand-oll," and the
producers are slightly ahead on the plain sec-
tions. First, 25 cents per thousand on first
cost; second, less freight on sections. Then
the casing costs less, and less freight on same,
and hence less cartage if shipped by local
freight.

Then scraping is quite an item, although
this is olTset somewhat in handling the sec-
tions into and taking out of the supers, at
least it is with me.

As to the bees accepting them, I see no dif-
ference. They enter one as quickly as the
other, and fill them out plump, one as well as
the other.

I use the lO-frame hive with 9 frames and
dummy, and like them better than the 8-
frame, of which I have some 30 or 40 that I
use when needed.

I use bottom-starters in every section, and
have done ^o for 4 or 5 years. The last 3
years I have fastened the bottom-starters in
sections as described at the St. Louis National
convention, and later in Gleanings. The
more I use the fastener the better I like it,
and don't see how it can be improved upon,
either for speed or quality of work. The
machine or fastener described in Gleanings
by Dr. M. A. Aulick, of Kentucky, is worked
on a similar plan, but if he can place bottom
and top starters in sections at the rate of 20 to
25 per minute, he can "move some." Try
your speed on a hundred or more and report,
will you. Dr. Aulick! Also, Dr. Miller his
speed. And don't you forget to report, too,
Doctor. F. W. Hall.

Hull, Iowa, Nov. 5.

Bees in Good Condition for Wintep

It has been raining a great deal here lately.
We have also had a little ice, which is an un-
common thing in this part of the country.
We are looking for a good honey season next
year, of course, as we have had two failures
in succession. Our bees are in much better
condition for winter than we expected. I have
just examined and found that they have
plenty of honey. DixoN C. Gullet.

San Antonio, Tex., Nov. 29.

A Good Rainfall

This entire State has received a good rain-
fall up to the present time — over 2}.'.i inches
having fallen hereabout, and a much heavier
downpour in the North. I trust California
bee-keepers will be much benefited.

Los Angeles, Calif., Dec. 12. T. F. Gray.

MAKE GOOD MONEY

III i'l'ilUty I'tisijii-ss. l.itlit'i-sdi'it.

Whv not you i Our big; illustntlt-il

book, "Prolitable PoulIO'," tells

liow to breed, hatch, feed, grow

and market to make lots of mone.v.

.St.atsyou on the road to success.

Describes most wondei^ul PouJti'y

Fai-iu in the world— i!a kindsotfowls.

Gives lowest prices on fowls, eggs,

Incubators, evt-r\tiiing for Poultry.

Mailcii hirlccntsin pnstai-'t. Berry's

^Poultry Farm, Box 72, Clarinda, Iowa.

Mention Bee Journal "(Then fvTltlng.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

New .Jersey. — The New Jersey Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet at the State Houac,
Trenton, on Wednesday, Jan. 16, 1907, at
10;30a.m. Addresses will be made by the
President, also by Cbas. Stewart, foul brood
Inspector, Sainmonsvllle, N. Y.; H. H. Kerry,
J. H. M. Cook, and others. Much attention
will be given to the Question-Bux. All bee-
keepers, and especially ladies, are cordially
Invited to attend. W. W. Ca8e, J'ren.

a. N. Waube, A/r.

Nebraska. —The annual meeting of the
Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Experiment Building at the
State I'arm, Lincoln, Nebr., Jan. 16, 1907. An
interesting program on practical subjects has
been prepared, and bee-keepers will be bene-
fited by attending.

Lillian E. TBESxaR, Sec.

Lincoln, Nebr.

Washington.— The Washington State
Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its 2d an-
nual convention at the State Agricultural
College, Pullman, Wash., Jan. 7, 8, 9, 1907.
A good aitendance is expected, and present
indications point to an interesting and suc-
cessful meeting. A number of prominent
bee-keepers will read papers which will be
followed by discussions. For further infor-
mation address the Secretary.

Virgil Sires, tiec.

North Yakima, Wash.

NAIIE

YOUR OWN CUT
GREEN
BONE

ROWN Bone Cutter,

^Green bone makt-s okk^', an<l

I stimulates the hen's pruduct-

ortrans. Cut i-one fresh

VvviTv -lay. The Crown does it

(uiieklv with no l)other or niu.Ms. 2.">vears
\ huiMins- cutters. Write forfret- catalofi".

VWILSON BROS.. Box 618, EASTON, PA,

Mention Bee Journal vrfaen vrrttlns.

THE TRAPPERS WORLD

Published Monthly by
THE D. E. ALLYN. PUBLISHING ICOMPANY

STAFF OF CONTRIBUTORS

Our Subscribers, The Trappers,

Hunters, Fur Collectors, Anglers,

Guides, and Men of the Woods.

$1.00 A YEAR.

10 GENTS A COPY.

Tells all about Trapping, Fur and Game Sec-
tions, Big Game Sect'oas, Best Fur Buyers —
everything in the interest of its readers. Sub-
scribe now. One sample free.
2TCtf Room I, AlsinBldg., MADRID. IOWA
Mention Bee Journal n'ben writing.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving- entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundatiou made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of baying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, S2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any sizs wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ.

4SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHIXE <;L,0VI:R honey, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. in. Scott S Co., Bee-Keepers' SupDlies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

Catalog Free

29Atf 1004 East Wash. (Street, IiNUIA.'\APOL,IS, I.>I>.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlns.

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

PRACTICAL POULTRY BOOKS

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send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

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■^ A 40-page Catalog: tree

11 f\ f%0^ The latest work on BEE-
KIJIJ^ SITPPI>IE:N.Hives,Fix-
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6Ct£

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BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERT

Read what J. I. Parent,©!
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, ana
a g-reat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog- and price-list free.
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995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.
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you want to learn how to save your
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CO.

Wi 8bll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let us quote yon prices on Sections, Hivei,
Foundation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beerwax Wanted for Cub.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 3, 1907

American Hee Journal

Gloves for Handling

Something New.

Something You Want.

Our specially prepared Glovet soften the
hands aud prevent and cure chapped bands.
The fabric contains a preoaratiou which pre-
vents the jjloves from becoming hard aod stiff.
We furnish them without armlets or sleeves for
uBluff in sweepldjf, g-ardeningior (general house-
work, driving- or outdoor work. They are just
the thing' for driving in the rain» as they are
absolutely waterproof. If worn at night they
keep the hands sott and white.

All the points of excellence caa not be here
enumerated, but they never fail to pive ihe
greatest satisfaction. To introduce them, we
will send by mail, or with other goods, at the
following Tow prices:
Bee-Gloves, long arms, fleece-lined, Id two

sizes— larg-e for men, small for ladies 35

Men's Gauntlets, fleece lined 35

Ladies' 35

Ladies' unlined, for wearing at night or

during doing light housework 40

Early Order Discounts on Bee-Supplies (ex-
cepting above and a few other articles) as fol-
lows:—

7 percent for cash with order before Oct. 1st
6 " ** " " Nov.lst

5 " ** " *' Dec. 1st

4 " '* •* '* Jan. 1st

3 " " " *' Feb. 1st

If yon haven't our 1906 catalog, send for one
and a free copy of the American Bee-Keeper
SOc a year). Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.
Slentlon Bee Journal Frben writing:.

Chicago, Dec. 7.— There is the usualdullness
in the honey-trade at this dale o^ving to most
of the retailers having stocked up sufficiently
to carry them over the hoiidays; but the stocks
in the hands of the trade generally are below
the normal; hence prices are firm at 15@l6c for
No. 1 to fancy whi'e comb, with off grades at
l@2c less: amber grades dull at lC@'12c. Ex-
tracted white, firm at Sc for clover and bass-
wood; ambers, b^@7%c per pound. Beeswax,
SOc. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Dec 6.— The demand for comb
and extracted honey is good, receipts light. We
quote: Fancy white comb, 24 sections, per case,
$3,25; No. 1, $3.00: No. 2 and amber, $2.75- Ex-
tracted, white, 7@7Hc; amber, 6i4@7c. Bees-
wax, 27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 8.— The market on comb
honey seems to be a little quiet; No. 1 sells
wholesale for 14^c; retail by the case, I6c. Ex-
tracted firm; light amber in barrels, 6c; in
cans, 7c; white clover, Sj-ic. Beeswax, 30c.

C. H.W. Wbber.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8. — While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@l3c. Fancy white extracted, 7>^@8^c;
light amber, 6i^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Dec. 3 —Comb honsy is in good
demand, and No. 1 aud fancy white stock
seems to be pretty well exhausted. Buckwheat
is in sufficient supply, also off grades of white,
to meet all demands, but there is no overstock
as yet. We quote fancy white at 15c; No. 1 at
13@14c; No. 2 at 12c; buckwheat and amber at
He per pound, according to quality and style
of package. Extracted is firm at unchanged
prices. California white sage, Sc; light amber,
at 7@'6Jic; buckwheat, b@6Hc. Beeswax steady
at 30c. HiLDRETH & Sroblken

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

LARGE DISCOINTS OFFERED ON EARLY
ORDERS. Have it larsie. stock on hand, and can sup-
ply promptly. Freight Rates from CINCINNATI are
the LOWEST. ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH

As almost all freight now goes through Cincinnati. You will
save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for

Will buy or
sell you .

HONEY

If you have any
to sell, . . .

mail sample and state lowest price expected delivered Cincin-
nati. If you want to buy, state quality and quantity and I will
cheerfully quote you price.

Beeswax Wanted

Will pay, at all times, highest market price on receipt
of goods.

C. H.W.WEBER -r

Office and Salesrooms, 2)46-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denvkk, Uci. ^0.— All desirable lots of white
comb honey in double-tier cases have now been
shipped out of this State, leaving- only a few
cars of single-tier cases. The quality of this
year's crop was fine, better than for several
seasons. We quote our local market as fol-
lows: Strictly No. 1 white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, $3; ordinary No. 1 and off grade, $2.50 to
$2.75. Extracted, white, 6^@7Kc. Beeswax,
24c for average yellow delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Dec. 7.— The honey market is in
a healthy condition, particularly extracted
honey, ihe demand being better than one year
ago. This is probably due to the excitement
among those holders who are trying to inflate
the prices. We quote amber extracted honey
in barrels at 6@7c, according to the quality.
Fancy table honey in barrels and 60-lb. cans at
8@9c. The demand for comb honey h,as de-
creased, somewhat, owing to the season of the
year when the sale of that article suffers. Our
prices of fancy white comu honey, in a whole-
sale way, is ^S@16c. Choice yellow beeswax,
30c, delivered here.

Thb Fred W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Nov. IS.— Fancy white comb
brings 16@17c readily; No. 1, white, 2c less per
pound; the demand is not supplied, but higher
prices would decrease the demand. Best grades
of extracted honey bring 8@'9c. Good average
beeswax sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Poudkr.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7>^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26'<i 28c.

The Gkiggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 SOUTH Water ST. Chicago. Ilu

Cash for Beeswax

Until furlher notice 30c cash paid for pure,
yellow beeswax, delivered here.

Frank G.Clark, 147 E.KinzieSt.Ghicago.lir.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlng;.

Big Profits in Capons

Caponizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.60. r

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 25c

1 French Killing KnifeSOC
Icapon Book Free.

Fhiladelphu. Pa.

[CAPON
FTOOLS

O. p. Filling & Son,

Cr^f Caick Fancy Basswood and (.lover
rOr JcHC HONEV in barrels or ac-poaad
cans. Sample, 10 cents, which may be dedm.ted
when orderini;.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,
S2A4t 4263 Virginia Avp., St. Louis, Mo.

your Refuse
from W a x-
Ext rac t or
Send it to me, and get TOur cash.

ARCHIE L. COaaSHALL. Qroton, N. Y.
51A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Do Not Burn

^ To Our Friends and Patrons :

WE WISH YOU A

:t Happy and Prosperous New Year g

■^ ^'

if THE FRED W. MUTH CO. ^

Ls Cincinnati &

■S $■:

Jan. 3, 1907

FENCE ^'rSe"?!t'

Made of High Carbon colled wire. We
have no agents. Sell direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days tree trial.
We pay all freight. CataloK sbn«-3 37
styles and h- ' -'Ijts of farm and poultry
fence. It's fr^e. ilovdlrect.wri te today

COIUC SPRING FENCE CO. ^_

Boi go WINCHESTER, INDIANA.

W,

m

J We will Buy and f§
Sell

m

i^

SW of the different grades and kinds. »»

^n If you have anj to dispose of, or if f^

^W you intend to buy, correspond ^^

^^ with us. )^

We are always in the market WSi

HONEY

for

Beeswax

m

m

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken ^

m

265 & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

^

JUentlon Bee Journal wben vrrltlAB.

Bargains

Best Wiscoasid Sectioas,

per 10110—$.) 00; No.2-}3 40;

p'^in, 25c less. 7 percent

discount in October on Root's and Daaz. Hives,

and other Root's Goods.

H. S. DUBY. St. ANNE, ILL.

Please Mentlci: Bei Journal
when wrUlne advertiser**

Catalogue.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, r^rfecn. BPlf -regulating.
Hatch every fi^rtile epg. Lowest
priced flrBt-class hatchers made.
6EO. U. STAUL, Qulncr, lU.

I

Our Early-Order Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

are now in effect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices.

We make the best-finished and substantial

I

^ SHIPPING -CASES \^%

I

in free Shipping-Crates.

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker ? If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRETGftMER MFG. CO., Council Blutls, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. Uth Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

8

AleDttu t Dee Juurnul n-hen vrrltius*

47th Year

JANUARY lo, 1907

Number 2

TWENTY=PAQE NUMBER

Jan. 10, 1907

American Hm Journal

PtTBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
ei.oc) a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries In the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispa'.ii.
For instance. "decOB" on your label shows that itlfl
paid to the end of December, I9u6.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt fur money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which ahowa
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgale Line, lOo.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.... 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 "
52 " ....30 "

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... S per cent

500 " ...10
ICOO " ...20 "
200O " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful ri)zbts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. Fkance, Platteville. Wi*.

t^ If mnre convenient. Dues may be sent to tht
ublishMr-4 ol the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers'
Souvenir fosial Card

Prices, postpaid : 3 carde for 10 cents
stamps or silver) , or free with the American
Bee Journal oneyearat 81.00 ; 10 for25 cents.
There is a blank space on the card about 2 by
2>2 inches in size for writing. Send all
orders to

QEORQE W. VORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - Chicago, III.

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON

TOOLS

(J. p. Pilling & Son,

Caponizing Is easy— soon
learned. Complete outHt
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50. f

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 23c

French Killing Kmte50c

[Capon Book Free.

Philadelphia, Fa.

For Sale

colonies of BEES
here, at $2.50 eacu; also
145 colonies uear Love-
locks. Nevada.
H. VOGELER. Fruitvalb. CALIF.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

I Special Bargains

1^ in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman
BROOD-FRAflES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging- our factory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiaiy, and can save you money and delay at anytime of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Sopply Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
NicoUet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLiIS, MINN.

Diumer's ConiD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN. NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalos and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL * QUESTION

OF THB DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor aad Publisher
400 West 23fd SxRaEX, NEW YORK, N. Y.
35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-button
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttoni
for $1.10. Address aU orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
3»J Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young bassvpood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.
MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Id^JitiSfr?

Jan. 10, 1907

i '•i^^^C

American ~Boe Journal

<If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder"

BEE -SUPPLIES

* I Root's Goods at Rooi'sfrices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Kates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

BEESWZAX WZAMTED

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always beint;
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it tc you.

Write for prices on Finexl Fxtracled Honey. Certificate guaranteeing purity with

every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

on early
orders for

Supplies.

WALTER S. POUDER f

^ 513-515 :TIa!>i!«acliii!«ett!!. Ave.. I.^IH A.^APOLIS, II^I>. ^

Ylentlon Bee Journal w^hen writliiK.

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save 35 to 50 Percent on slightly damaged goods.

DURING JANUARY,

EXCEPT ON HONEY-PACKAGES.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, if you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction.

^W S^end tor list ot Slightly Uamaged Cioods to select trom at
Reduced Prices.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. (Not mo

Long Distance Telephone, North 1550. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

Lewis Goods at 3 percent Discount

Our Early-Order Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

are now in effect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices.

We make the best-finished and substantial

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address.

KRETGHMER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluttS. lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

i

Uentfo ( Bee Journal ^vlieu ^vritiut;.

23

S. G. M\ Orpinptons

I have been breeding Bull Orpingtons for
several yearn, and have strives to improvs
the stock every year. Have now some fine
Cockerels which I will sell for i\.M each.
EDWIN BEVINS

r.lAlf l.KDN, IOWA.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device la a fine thing for use ia
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
Bent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
L New subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
OBORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO. ILL-

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colonj of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Mention Bee Jonmal when Trrltlnar.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcttltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cat.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlscoanti to the Trade.

COILED SPRING

FENCE

Closely Woven. Can not Sag.
Every wire and every twist Is
a brace to all other wires and
twists full helpht of the fence.
Horse-high, Bull-strong, Pig-
tight. Every rotl piiaranteeJ.

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

and sold direct 1 1,' farmer, freight
prepaid, at lowest facturj- price.
Our Catalogue tells how Wire
Is made— how it is galvanized'^-
why some is good and some is
bad. Its brimful of fence facts.
You should have this informa-
tion. Write forlttoday. ItsFree.

KITSELMAM BROSn

Bos 85

MUNCIE. INDIANA.

Mention Bee Journal when Trrltlns*

En^ravln^sForSale

We are accumulating^ quite a stock of engrav-
ing's that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using^ in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like tc
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

'J34 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, 11,1,

" It is continuous advertising
that impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Jan. 10. 1907

American Hee Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Premium List.— For the first time in
many years we have been publishing
a list of premiums offered for subscrip-
tions to Gleanings in Bee Culture
either six months trial, or new or re-
newal yearly subscriptions. We shall
be pleased to send a copy of this pre-
mium list to any one who may have a
little time to devote to securing sub-
scriptions for us. With this are also
listed our Clubbing otfers which con-
tain some very remarkable bargains.
If you think of subscribing for Glean-
ings, and especially if there are others
near you whom you can interest, you
should have a copy of this premium
list at once. We send it promptly on
request.

Book Circular.— This is the season
of the year when bee-keepers have
time to read up on the subject of bee-
keeping more than at any other time.
If you haven't a copy of our book cir-
cular giving description of nearly every
book published on Bee Culture, send
for a copy of this at once.

Old Books on Bee-Culture.- There

is a growing demand for old literature
on Bee Culture, so much so that we
have given considerable time during
the past two or three years to looking
into the matter. If you are interested
in a single old volume or a large list of
old books on Bee Culture, send us a
statement to that effect so that we may
enter your name on a list of those inter-
ested in these.

Advertising Rates.— We have some

highly complimentary letters from sub-
scribers who have used the advertising
columns of Gleanings in Bee Culture
during the past year. If you are inter-
ested in the sale of bees, queens, honey,
or bee-keepers' supplies, and expect to
advertise the same, you can not afford
to fail to investigate our prices. If you
can do so let us know about what
amount you would be willing to expend
in advertising, and your facilities for
supplying the goods you advertise, and
we will lay before you a definite propo-
sition covering the proposed expendi-
ture and a statement of what we think
you might reasonably expect from it.
If we do not think Gleanings is adapted
to what you have to offer we will tell
you so.

If you have a farm for sale, or want
to locate in some other part of the
country, or want help for your bee-
yard, or want to secure a position.
Gleanings will undoubtedly be of value
to you as it has been to hundreds of
others.

Dealers in Supplies.— We are just

now revising the list of names of deal-
ers in bee-keepers' supplies, which we
maintain whether they handle our
goods or others. If you are handling
bee-keepers' supplies either in a limited
way or on a large scale, please send us

a postal card to that effect that we may
have your name entered on this list
with the correct present post-office ad-
dress. Even if you buy none of our
goods direct there may be some items
in which you will be interested, and at
least there will be no harm in having
your name registered with us as a
dealer in supplies.

Observation Hives.— There has been
I an increasing demand for observation
hives for a number of purposes during
the past few years. Bee-keepers have
found in many places that an observa-
tion hive with bees placed in a store
window is a good way to advertise their
honey. Particulars regarding these
have been published in various bee-
journals from time to time. We shall
be glad to quote you prices on any of
our regular styles, or any special style,
that you may want for this or any
other purpose. Bee-keepers are learn-
ing that a better understanding of bees
on the part of the public generally in-
creases the interest in honey, and there
is no better way to educate people re-
garding bees than by the use of a
good observation hive.

Early Order Discounts.— For cash

orders in January 3 percent. For cash
orders in February, 2 percent. These
are the discounts we offer for early
cash orders. The discount is only for
cash sent before the expiration of the
month named, and is intended to ap-
ply to hives, sections, frames, founda-
tion, extractors, smokers, shipping-
cases, cartons, and other miscellaneous
bee-keepers' supplies. It will not ap-
ply on the following articles exclu-
sively ; but where these form no more
than about one-tenth of the whole or-
der the early-order discount may be
taken from the entire bill : Tinned
wire, paint, Bingham smokers, Porter
bee-escapes, glass and tin honey-pack-
ages, scales, bees and queens, bee
books and papers, labels and other
printed matter, bushel-boxes, seeds,
and other specialties not listed in our
general catalog.

Weed Coml) Foundation.— The large

sales of Weed Process Comb Founda-
tion are a sufficient indication of its
worth. There are, however, many bee-
keepers that are not familiar with it,
especially those in out-of-the-way
places, who depend upon Foundation
of their own or local make. If you
have never used our Foundation and
would like to see small samples of the
four grades — medium brood, light
brood, thin super, and extra-thin super
— we shall be glad to send yon samples
on request, and at the same time will
advise you, if desired, from what point
nearest you you can secure our make
of Foundation. We shall be glad to
figure how many pounds you will need
for a given number of frames or sec-
tions, and let you know the lowest cost

for our Foundation. The excellence
and uniformity of its manufacture
often make it require a great deal less
than some inferior makes.

Hoffman Frames. — Considerable
has been published in the various bee-
journals during the past year on the
use of the Hoffman or some other style
of self-spacing frame as compared
with the non-spacing frame. We have
a leaflet giving the opinion of some of
the leading users of these frames, and
if you are in doubt as to the advis-
ability of using these frames, we shall
be glad to send you this leaflet on re-
quest. We will also send you a com-
plete sample postpaid for 10 cents.

Marftach Metal-Spaced Frames.—

For a full description of these frames
we refer you to Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture for January 1, 1906. These frames
have been in use for about a year, and
are very favorably regarded by those
who prefer some metal instead of wood
spacing for their frames. A sample of
these frames will be sent for 10 cents,
or a sample of the spacers only for 3
cents ; or we will send a complete Hoff-
man frame and a set of spacers for 12
cents.

Honey. — We have at several of our
offices large quantities of honey. If
you are in need of either comb or ex-
tracted honey for your trade in excess
of your own production, write us for
prices, stating what you require.

Breeding Queens.- This is the sea-
son when orders should be sent us for
breeding queens, if you have not
already secured the same for the com-
ing season's trade. As usual we have
our Italian stock, lycather Colored or
Three- Banded in breeding queens at
$5, $7.50 and $10 each. We can also
select from our Medina yard a few
queens at S2S each. The number is
limited, and we can not guarantee to
furnish these beyond the certain num-
ber that we have now on hand in win-
ter quarters.

Bees of Other Races.— whiie we do

not breed other races here at Medina,
we have most excellent facilities for
furnishing high-grade stock of the fol-
lowing varieties : Carniolan, Cau-
casian, Banat, Cyprian and 5-banded
Italian.

Special. — Send 10 cents (stamps or
silver) for our 1907 Calendar, entitled,
"Little Miss Mischief." Copyrighted
in December, 1906, by T. Fred R6b-
bins. With it we will send your choice
of the following books: ''Habits of
the Honey-Bee," " Bee-Keeping for
Women,'" "Modern Queen-Rearing,"
or "How to Produce Extracted Honey."

(Entered at the Post-oaBcu at Chicago as Second-Class Mail-Mattur.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by Georse W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 10, 1907

Vol- XLVII— No, 2

editorial ^ofes
and Commenfs

Grand Future for Money

Last week we had something to say about
the effect of the National Pure Food Law on
the demand for unadulterated food products.
A few days after we wrote the matter referred
to, we received a letter from one of the lead-
ing bee-keepers and apiarian writers of this
country, who, in referring to the glucose
manufacturers, said:

" I do not now see but what they will have
to quit making glucose, if it is a fact that
such mixtures, when properly labeled, will
not sell. I tell you, Mr. York, I believe there
is a grand future bffore the honey-business,
and already we are beginning to see the effect
of the new Pure Food Law. California honey
has been adulterated very largely when it got
to the East, you know. That can not be done
any more now, and what is the result? Prices
are going up very rapidly on that grade of
honey. A report from California says that
sage honey has now reached a level in price
that it has not had for years. Advanced
prices in honey are going to mean better days
for all apiarian interests. Possibly I am over-
enthusiastic, but there are so many things
that go to show which way the wind is blow-
ing, that I can not help but feel that I am
right. Besides, I have been talking with ex-
perts on the subject, who express themselves
even more hopeful than I do."

Not having written the above for publica-
tion, we omit the author's name, but we
agree fully with him. As we said last week,
we believe a new and brighter day is soon to
dawn for the producer of pure honey for the
market. Producers in other lines, also, feel
that prices of pure food products will rule
higher for some time to come. This certainly
ought to result in greatly increased profits to
those who produce such goods.

Making A Bee^Paper Helpful to All

in the conduct of the American Bee .Jour-
nal, the sincere desire is ever kept uppermost

to fill its columns with matter that shall be
of most use to its subscribers. It is too much
to hope that everything published shall always
be exactly the thing best suited to every one
of its readers, the needs of each one in so
large a family greatly varying. Yet the hope
is entertained that each and all shall find, if
not in each number, yet in most numbers,
enough real information throughout the year
greatly to overbalance the small amount paid
for each number — less than 2 cents. Indeed,
many letters have been received saying that
in a single number value had been received
overbalancing the cost of the entire year.
Occasionally a letter is received finding fault.
Letters of both kinds are welcomed. The
first kind serves as a stimulus, cheering on to
more strenuous effort. The second kind, pro-
vided it be specific enough, points to a possi-
ble weak spot which may require strengthen-
ing.

So the two letters following, by the same
writer in Ohio, are thankfully received. The
second is in reply to a note sent from this
office, the contents of which may be suffi-
ciently understood from the reply:

Editor American Bee Journal—

Dear Sir : — In the .lournal of Dec. 6, is an
article by C. W. Dayton, entitled, " Increase,
or Prevention of Increase.'' When I saw the
title it struck me as being to the point for be-
ginners, but after reading it three times I
could make nothing out of it. One thing I
take your paper for is tor what a beginner
can learn, but thus far all articles have been
only such as experts might comprehend, and
solely for their amusement, none of them ex-
plaining how they perform the practical parts
on which they write.

Take for instance the article on T-tin or T-
super. As a fact, I never saw one, nor can I
gain any idea what it is like by reading Arm-
strong's article. I must confess I fail to see
how one is to get his dollar's worth out of it
it all subjects are handled in like manner. I
notice the same fault in all similar publica-

tions to yours. Such being the case, one bet-
ter invest his dollar in good, reliable text-
books. I may continue to take the .Journal,
but with little satisfaction. It is piy desire to
learn, and I am willing to do so from any
source. It is my desire to employ the most
modern methods in bee-culture, and I sun
willing to pay my money tor benefits. Now,
Mr. York, reply to this as you see proper. I
shall be glad to hear from you.

Yours truly, M. F. Soule.

The second letter received from Mr. Soole
is as follows :

Editor American Bee Jouknal—

Dear Sir .—Yours of the 13th is duly to
hand and noted. In replying I am going to
insist that any article published in the Bee
.Journal should have its respective title, tell-
ing what the discussion is about, then be-
ginners could also learn from such debates.
Every subscriber has an interest in every sub-
ject within the Journal's covers. It will be
just tor me to admit you can't deal with be-
ginners entirely. It is within my reach to re-
fer you to other articles in the Journal, that
are intelligible even to beginners; but the one
referred to in my prior letter is but a jumble
of words.

Allow me to inform you that I have " Lang-
stroth " revised by Dadant, and "Bees and
Honey," by Newman— the last you sent me
quite lately. The first I have had over a year,
and have used it much. It is not my purpose
to be a kicker, nor a know-it-all. On the
contrary, I am on the " mourners' bench "
seeking light.

I wonder if Dr. Miller would explain the T-
tin or T-super, or will I have to write him
asking him to do so through the columns of
the Bee Journal. Yours very truly,

M. F. SOt:LE.

While repeating the desire to profit by ref-
erence to faults or failings, it is only fair to
the many who have helped by their contribu-
tions to make the American Bee Journal what
it is, to take exception to the sweeping state-
ment that " thus tar all articles have been
only such as experts might comprehend, and
solely for their amusement.' For a refuta-
tion of the first part, one need go no further
than the second letter, in which is said : " Ij
is within my reach to refer you to other arti-
cles that are intelligible even to beginners."
As to the second charge, it may be that occa-
sionally an article is written chiefly to exploit
the writer, but unless it is believed that it
contains matter of value to at least part of
the readers of this periodical, the editorial
prerogative ie exercised, and the article is not
published. There is a lot of the milk of
human kindness in mankind in general, and

Jan. 10, 1907

American Hee Journal

bee-keepers have their full share ot it; so
when any one of them learns something that
has been of value to him, immediately there
arises in his mind the desire to share that
knowledge with others.

Even supposing that most of the matter
contained in these columns were of such na-
ture as to be of interest only to those who
have graduated from the ranks of beginners,
would there be anything unjust in that? A
little thought will suggest that beginners
form only a small part of the clientele of any
well-conducted bee-paper. The most part of
bee-keepers who subscribe continue to be
subscribers when they are no longer begin-
ners, making the beginners always greatly in
the minority. With this in view, perhaps our
correspondent will admit not only that we
"can't deal with beginners entirely,'' but
that the larger body of advanced bee-keepers
should be kept distinctly in view. Fortu-
nately, things that are new to experienced
bee-keepers are not always, perhaps not often,
difficult of understanding for beginners.

The hint, however, should not be lost, and
it will be well for all who write for bee-
papers to keep in mind that it they write so
clearly as to be understood by beginners, the
extra clearness is not likely to be unwelcome
to the more advanced.

It were "a consummation devoutly to be
wished " that the title of every article should
tell what the discussion is about, and no little
effort is made to that end when the making
of the title is left to the editor, as it generally
is. That the effort is not entirely in vain is
the opinion of at least one of the older read-
ers, who lately wrote, " Yon have undoubted
genius for getting up the right kind of head-
ings." That ''beginners could also learn"
from articles with right headings is certainly
true, but that their learning would depend
to any great extent upon the headings, does
not appear so very clear. Yet effort shall not
cease to maKe headings in the future better
than in the past, and any suggestions as to
just how they can be improved will be thank-
fully received.

Whatever the lack as to information fitting
each subscriber, there always remains the
Question-Box open to him. Any question
not already satisfactorily answered in the
bee-books is ever welcomed. What more
could be asked * The implied question of our
correspondent as to whether Dr. Miller will
answer a question that he has not been asked,
nearly answers itself. In his department he
Is not writing essays, nor delivering lectures,
but answering questions. How can he an-
swer a question until it is asked? And would
it not be a little hard on him besides furnish-
ing answers to be obliged to guess at the
questions as well!

It is our sincere desire that the American
Bee Journal shall as nearly as possible meet
the needs of our correspondent, and if he has
not done so in the past, while thanking him
for his interest in its columns, we earnestly
advise him to make a full trial of the Ques-
tion-Box: and if the information desired is
not given in clear manner, he is at liberty to
ask questions until he does get what he
wants; always provided that the question be
not ot such character that Dr. Miller will be
obliged toanswer, "I don'tknow.''

Reading Now for Next Season

The long winter evenings are here again.
What a grand time it is to read the bee-papers,
and get ready to introduce improved methods
in the conduct of the apiary next season.

There are perhaps many copies of the bee-
papers that failed to receive more than hur-
ried glances during the busy season last year.
Why not get them together and go over them
carefully now? Some bee-keepers think it
doesn't pay to take a bee-paper. Of course it
doesn't if it.is not read thoroughly.

It is true that with many bee-keepers 1906
was the poorest honey season in many years.
But it will not do to become discouraged.
The good seasons will come again in the
future just as they have in the past. The
thing to do is to be ready in every way possi-
ble to take the fullest advantage of the big
honey-flows when they come.

Competition in every line is too strenuous
these days to win much success unless one

avails himself of all the possible short cuts
in labor and management. And these are
learned through reading what and how others
are doing. Life is all too short to go by ox-
team, or even horse and wagon to-day. We
can not use the methods ot our grandfathers
if we would hope to get ahead these pushing,
electric days in which we are living. We
must not only read about the ways in which
others have succeeded, but each must be
quick to adopt, and also adapt, methods and
plans in his own apiary that promise results.

Of course, all will want to do some experi-
menting, but t'nere is no need of wasting time
in going over things that others have proven
to be failures, reports of which can be
learned by reading the bee. papers and bee-
books.

It may look as if we were saying all this in
order to sell you something. It is not ex-
actly that, but we want all our subscribers to
get the most out of their bee-literature, which
is really valuable if only rightly used.

0)iscella]
flews Items

R. Li. Taylor, of Lapeer, Mica., has beeu
re-elected chairman of the Board of Directors
of the National Bee-Keepers' Association for
190r.

A Cradle Song has been received from
Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City, Iowa,
who wrote the beautiful words, and Robt.
Chapman the music. It is a solo, and a very
pretty one, suitable for either soprano or alto
voice.

Mr. M, M. Baldridge, of St. Charles,
111., one ot the oldest bee-keepers in the
United States, called on us recently. He is
perhaps the best informed as regards the his-
tory of American bee-keeping ot any bee-
keeper living to-day. He knew those per-
sonally who helped at the beginning of things
apicultural in this country.

Connecticut Bee-Keepers will intro-
duce a Foul Brood Bill into the State Legisla-
ture before Feb. 1, 1907. J. Arthur Smith,
Drawer 1325, Hartford, Conn., Secretary of
the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association,
would be pleased to receive names of bee-
keepers throughout the State— not only read-
ers of the bee-papers, but others as well. It
will require the united efforts of the bee-keep-
ers to secure the proposed law, which is
needed to check and stamp out the disease of
foul brood.

" Canadian Beedom " and J. L. Byer

have formed a combination, as will be seen
by referring to page 3'2. He takes the place
recently vacated by Morley Pettit. Mr. Byer

IS one 01 the leadmg honey-producers and
apicultural writers beyond our northern
border. He is a specialist bee-keeper — de-
pends entirely upon honey-production for a
living for himself and family. And he doesn't
believe in "race suicide " either, for, by re-
ferring to the first page it will be seen he has
almost a Rooseveltian family.

We believe Mr. Byer will prove a worthy
successor to Mr. Pettit, as the conductor of
"Canadian Beedom." We bespeak for him
at least a cordial reception, and also a warm
place at the thousands of cozy firesides where
the American Bee Journal will introduce him
this week.

The Kretchmer SIfg. Co., of Council
Bluffs, Iowa, has sent us one of the most
unique calendars we have ever received. The
flower-covered back-ground or card has fast-
ened to it a half-section of a skep made out
of tissue paper in partial imitation of honey-
comb. Above the hive is a movabl£ cover
which can be raised and lowered, and on it is
printed the business card of the firm sending
it out. The whole is arranged to stand erect
on shelf or table, and is a very attractive
novelty.

" Langstroth on the Honey-Bee"—

the well-known bee-book revised by the
Dadants — has just passed into another edi-
tion. There have been some "5 pages added
to it, and the whole work brought down to
date in every respect. It is certainly a fine
book, and should be read by every bee-keeper.
It is really a classic. To become acquainted
with the great Langstroth through the read-
ing of his book it no small thing. Other bee-

Jan. 10, 1907

27

American ^ee Journal

)'^=^^?^A

books are good, but there Is only one " Lang-
slroth on the Honey-Bee." The latest re-
vised edition will be sold at the same price as
the one precedint;, which is Jl.'JO, postpaid.
We still have a few copies of the old edition
on hand, which we will mail at 1)0 cents each,
if preferred, so long as they last. We club
the new edition of this book with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year— both for f 2.00.
8o long as we have any copies left of the old
edition, we will send it with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.80.

Mr. C. P. Dadant, who alone has revised the
new edition, is now starting on the revision
of the French edition. We believe this book
has been published in the Russian language,
also, and i>erhaps in several others that we
do not now recall.

9Ir. Prank Benton, Apicultural Inves-
tigator for the Department of Agriculture, at
Washington, D. C, made us a very pleasant
call last week, when on his way back from a
year-and-ahalf trip through Europe and Asia
in search of new honey-plants and improved
races of liees. When Mr. Benton arrived
again in Washington he had made a complete
circle ol the globe, making it the most ex-
tended tour of investigation in the interest of
bee-keeping ever undertaken and carried to
completion. Mr. Benton was looking and
feeling well after his long journey. Doubtless
the Department of Agriculture will publish
the results of his trip in bulletin or other
form, so that they may be of service to bee-
keepers.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only 81.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

Archie Newman, of St. Johns, Mich,
sends us the following poem :

Gathering Only the Sweet.

Wandering one day in the clover,
With eyes downcast to the ground,

Under a large head o'er hanging,
A little dead bee 1 found.

Long had she worked in the clover,

Busily all the long day ;
On her return in the evening

Death she had met in the way.

Dusted was she with the pollen,
Full were her bags with the gold ;

But she now lay under the clover
Stiffened with death and with cold.

Little Bee, thou hast done bravely,
Altho' death on the way thou did'st mefit ;

Yet all the day thou'st been busy
And gathered only the sweet.

May we every day act as wisely.

And every day duty so greet.
That should death before night overtake us.

We be gathering only the sweet,

McDonald H. Brown.

t^° I don't see how any one who keeps
bees can get along without the American Bee
Journal. It is so instructive. I have had
many pleasant hours reading it. — Mks. Kate
S. Dean, of Wisconsin.

bniribufed^'
flrficlcsJI

Death of Dzierzon
Subjects

Other

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

Few men of this past generation, or
any other, have done for bee-keeping
what this great man, who has gone to
his last resting-place, has done for us.
It has been said that von Siebold, and
Leuckart, did more than Dzierzon in
establishing the doctrine of partheno-
genesis. I do not think that this is
true. It is easy for the microscopist
to turn his instrument at any point to
confirm or refute any theory, like this.
It requires a master mind to discover
the principle, or fact, as Dzierzon was
the first to do. I regard this as the
most — or one of the most — wonderful
discoveries in biology. It cut across
all experience and observation as to the
origin of the individual in reproduction.
Dzierzon was a very close and accu-
rate observer, or he would never have
made the discoveries that led to the
generalization. After the observations,
it was no mean accomplishment to form-
ulate the theory. After the theory was
announced, it was no great feat to look
at the eggs and see if actual observa-
tion sustained the truth as stated in the
theory.

Parthenogenesis.

What is this doctrine, that is so ex-
ceptional, that the great man discov-
ered? Usually an egg will not de-
velop until a sperm or male cell enters
it and becomes incorporated with it. In
case of bees, as Dzierzon discovered,
the egg, if it is to develop into a drone
or male bee, never receives a sperm
cell ; that is, it develops without fe-
cundation. There are three cases in
which such development will always oc-
cur. In case eggs are laid by a virgin,
either queen or worker, they will de-
velop, but only males will result. In
case a queen becomes old, and all the
sperm cells are used up, then she be-
comes a drone-layer, as no eggs after
that will, or can, be fecundated, and
yet they develop. Any queen, as she
lays the eggs, may withhold the sperm,
at will, and so only drone-eggs will
be laid.

This, wB see, is not only one of the
most wonderful discoveries, but we see
it has a very important bearing on the
work and practice of bee-culture. No
bee-keeper can claim to be abreast of
the times, who does not understand this
law of development among bees, and
does not act upon it. This law is also
called "Agamic Reproduction." It is
not peculiar to bees, as wasps and ants
follow the same law. With these, as

with bees, the males are the result of
Agamic Reproduction. In a small water
animal — the Rotifer — there are two kinds
of eggs laid by the females, one of which
is not impregnated, and those develop,
and so here we have parthenogenesis.
We also know that Aphids reproduce
all summer long with no males at all,
and so they also reproduce by Agamic
Reproduction, or without males.

Pastor Schonfeld.

Silesia, Germany, has also given the
world another great bee-keeper, who
has enriched our knowledge in this
realm, as few others have. His work
was principally confined to food and di-
gestion, and here he did royal service.
The function and anatomy of the chyle
stomach was explained by him, and his
views have been found to bear the test
of fullest examination. We now know
that the glands of the head furnish a
ferment that digests the food-proteid
food, and not the larval pabulum. This
great man died at the ripe age of 85,
while Dzierzon had reached the age of
95. I think both worked well towards
the last. This is as we would have it

Digestion in Bees.

We now know that bees secrete the
ferment that acts on the nectar in the
honey-stomach, from large head-glands,
upper head-glands, and the still larger
thoracic glands. The pollen is mostly
proteid food, and is digested in the true
stomach. The ferment that does this
comes from the lower head-glands. Thiis
the food that is fed to the larvae is di-
gested in the true or chyle stomach.
I do not think that any scientist has
done more, if as much, to enlighten us
on the matter of digestion in bees, as
this great man who has just gone to his
long home.

Rains in California.

As is well known, two things are
requisite to secure a full honey crop in
California. We must have enough rain,
and we must have warm, genial weather.
One year ago, we had ample rains, so
that the fruit crop was fine, but the
spring was very cold and damp, so that
the honey crop was very meager in-
deed. This winter the rains are fine,
coming in good abundance, and in fash-
ion so that all is retained in the soil,
and almost none runs off. We have
now had nearly 3 inches. It looks now
as if we shall have a good winter. We
almost never have winds or cold in th«
spring so as to preclude honey-gather-
ing, an-d we hope for a good season this
year.

The Tree Problem.

It is an interesting fact, tlat the

Jan. 10, 19U7

American ^ee Journal

earth's surface is nearly J4 water. I
think 70 per cent ot the surface is ocean.
We see that to secure abundant mois-
ture, to give us the "early and the lat-
ter rain," the seas must largely exceed
the land. Nature was equally provident
in her supply of forest growth. I do
not know what proportion of the land
was originally forest, but I think more
even than 34- We all know how valua-
ble the forests are in our economy. What
a wealth of lumber has come from our
grand woodlands. We have felled them
at an alarming rate, that we might turn
them into gold. Many of the very rich
men of our country, and of the world,
have secured their riches from the for-
ests, but only in their destruction. Do
we appreciate the value of the forests
as we should, in their better use of re-
taining the water as it comes in the
rain? With the forests, the rain is
largely retained and passes into the
ground to keep it moist for plant-
growth. When we cut them we de-
stroy this agency for conserving the
moisture, and make it certain that much
more of the rain will run off, and so do
no good, and often do great harm.
There is no doubt that many lands
have been converted into desert wastes
by this ruthless destruction of the for-
ests. Europe, wiser than we, has com-
menced tree-planting on a gigantic
scale. She, also, by law prevents cut-
ting of more of her forests. We must
do the same, and must commence to
replant, the sooner the better.

A Chance for Bee-Keepers.

We, as bee-keepers, should see to it
that this work of tree-planting is car-
ried on at once. We should see to it
also that honey-trees are kept to the
front. In Germany, the linden is one
of the trees most planted. Let us work
to have the basswood set out here in
generous measure, in the East, and the
honey and other locusts where they
will grow and do well. The Tulip and
Eucalyptus are well worth considera-
tion.

Claremont, Calif.

Home Hive-Making and at
Factories

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

On pages 1015 and 1016 (1906) Mr,
Latham calls attention to the length.
width, depth, and space around the
frames of hives; that it should be made
very precise, as to uniformity — to all of
which I fully agree. He also calls at-
tention to the cover, I think, which (I
will say with him), should be made as
good as it is possible to make it.

But one other matter which I find
quite important is the bottom-board,
which should never be less than % of an
inch thick, and should be well cleated
at each end to prevent warping. I have
some hives, made by a bee-supply fac-
tory, that have bottom-boards but little
over J4 of an inch thick. They have 2
joints running crosswise. The result is
that they shrink and let the bees pass
out 2nd in through these joints at will.
Many hives with this kind of a bot-
tom-bo?rd have been sold to bee-keep-

ers, and are but little better than no bot-
tom-board at all. It is not at all safe
either to move them from one apiary to
another, a short dist;ince, or to ship as
freight or express by railroad, with such
flimsy and almost worthless bottom-
boards.

The object sought in making hives at
home, and out of lumber selected from
boxes, is, of course, to get them as cheap
as possible. And though once in a great
while a hive may be, and no doubt is,
fairly well made, as to dimensions,
workmanship, and material, the rule is,
according to such observations as I have
been able to make, that the home-made
hives are poorly made, in workmanship,
exactness in dimensions, and in fitting
qualities of the comb-frames.

Forty years ago I made quite a num-
ber of my own hives, and while I suc-
ceeded quite well I could seldom hire a
carpenter who would made them exact,
except I was present to direct in detail
just how each part was to be made. And
while our factories, as a rule, make hives
sufficiently uniform in each particular
factory, the different factories make
their hives too different. It is desirable,
as a rule, to buy hives from but one fac-
tory to be used in the same apiary.
Supers of different depths are made.
Shallow frames also differ very much
as to depth. All these differences should
be done away with, as they cause more
or less trouble where hives made in dif-
ferent factories are used in the same
apiary.

In short, let our factories give us
hives made of good, substantial material
in every part of the hive, and cease try-
ing to make something out of next to
nothing; for, a thin and so, worthless
bottom-board, a division-board of the
same kind, and a leaking cover, are
abominations that bee-keepers can not
condemn in terms too pronounced.

Lyons, Kan.

Experience with Bee-Sting
Poison

BY WM. W. GREEN.

Having seen occasional references in
the bee-papers to severe cases of pois-
oning from bee-stings, I thought per-
haps my experience might be interest-
ing. During the past 2 years I have
received many stings that produced only
the usual local swelling, but 4 times I
have been affected very seriously. The
last time I closed the hive at once, went
into the house, got out my watch and
clinical thermometer, and proceeded to
take notes. Perhaps they will be of in-
terest to some medical readers:

June 17, 1906, at 3:30 p. m., stung on
neck near laryn.x by honey-bee. Re-
ceived full charge.

One minute later, tingling of tongue,
mouth, and throat.

Five minutes, tingling and burning of
all mucous surfaces with swelling.

Ten minutes, face badly swollen, scalp
tingling and hair erecting; eyes "full of
sand" and almost closed ; tears flowing
freely; mouth, nose, and throat swollen
internally, with choking sensation ; face
very red ; temperature normal (98.6 de-
grees) ; pulse 96, and small.

Fifteen minutes, body very red all
over, papillae erected (goose-flesh) all
over.

Twenty minutes, face swollen to
bursting ; applied cold wet cloths to face
and lips; nasal passages closed; hands
swollen, with intense itching; pulse 96,
full and strong.

Thirty-five minutes, great pressure in
head, throbbing of carotids and in ears;
sensation of chilliness, but surface con-
gestion not subsiding; temperature 97.7
degrees ; pulse 80, small.

Forty minutes, swelling and redness
of face leginniiier to subside, burning
and itching of scalp very marked; head-
ache; pulse 78; medium temperature,
97.8 degrees ; drank a glass of water.

One hour, swelling of 'face and sur-
face congestion subsiding ; some chilli-
ness; temperature 97.3 degrees; pulse
60, medium.

One and one-half hours, face still
somewhat swollen, but surface conges-
tion mostly subsided ; tired, depressed
feeling ; temperature 98.0 degrees ; pulse
62 ; drank a glass of water.

Two and a half hours, swelling of
face almost gone, swelling of hands
all gone, and hands cold ; sensation of
coldness predominant ; temperature 98.O
degrees ; pulse 62 ; took dose of whisky.

Four hours, ate small meal, the first
since 9 a. m. ; slight nausea afterwards.

Six hours, bad headache ; face slightly
flushed and swollen; slight eruption or
rash on chest; bee-odor on skin very
distinct. This was proved by three per-
sons besides myself. Reminded some of
us of formalin.

There was not much local swelling
caused • by the sting at any time, but
the place was sore to the touch. My
idea is that the whole charge was in-
jected into a large blood-vessel, and
carried all through the body at once.

On former occasions nausea was a
more pronounced symptom, all the other
symptoms subsiding for a time after
vomiting, but returning again. The rash
was also more marked.

Not being a "medico" I may have
missed some points, but I at least did
not complicate the symptoms by taking
medicines, for my treatment is given
in full above.

My apiary is not so large as it was
once, as my experience is making me
a little shy of the sharp-pointed bees.

Chicago, 111., Aug. 19.

Production of Honey on a
Large Scale

BY G. W. MCGUIRE.

To make any calling in life a suc-
cess requires both a theoretical and
practical knowledge of the principles of
the pursuit. And right here let's add
one more word — SYSTEM. Every great
movement of nature is conducted by a
strict, divine system, which never errs.
But in the frail systems of men we must
keep culling out and adding new leaves
to the adopted system of our pursuit,
ever keeping an eye to the profit side,
and everything to which there is no
profit attached should be discarded. So
in conducting a large business every-
thing should be uniform and simple.

Jan. 10, lyO'

American ^Bae Journal

I l>(.'lieve it was M. A. Kelley who says
in lice-Keepers' Review, "Bee-keepers
burdiiicd with a world of fixtures, long
for the simplicity of other days." But
it is debated as to whether it even pays
to paint hives or not. Yes, or even dress
the lumber. I have some hives in my
apiary in Nortli Carolina that have been
in service 20 years without paint, and
I expect to use them many years yet.
And tin rabbets — yes, we will cut this
off our bill, and use the plain wood-
bearing for frames; and the swarm-
catchers and self-spaced frames we don't
want. Paul says, "Let us lay aside every
weight and the sin that doth so easily
beset us, and run the race with pa-
tience."

So we will suppose you have cast aside
these useless fixtures that must go to the
rear with the honey specialist. And we
will just step across the winter into the
lovely spring, after the warm sun has
caressed each bud and bloom, and the
bees have awakened from their long re-
pose.

Now we will go along in front of the
rows of hives — how nice the bees fly.
See this colony lugging in the big loads
of pollen. We will not open the hive
as that would do more damage than
good, just now. See that colony! How
scant their pollen-loads! It is short
of stores. We give it enough reserve
honey to last till fruit-bloom.

See that colony. How the bees run
around the entrance, fly oft" a little and
back! Let's look. Oh, plenty of stores,
but queenless. We verily let this alone,
as it never pays to fool with queenless
bees at this season. We will hive our
first swarm here.

So our first inventory is made largely
by externals.

April passes by. May comes in with
her gentle showers. We now can make
a thorough examination of the bees as
the fruit-trees are in full bloom. On
all strong colonies we put an extracting
story, as this advanced room tends to
allay swarming. And now every week
we make a brief examination, keeping
advance roarn on all colonies. When a
swarm issues, we hive it on the old
stand, placing the parent colony in a
new place to build up for the fall flow.

So time goes by; the harvest is past,
and the summer is o'er. We rig up
for extracting the summer crop. 'Tis
quite a job from 425 colonies — our pres-
ent number. We run a 4-frame Cowan
reversible extractor, and a cart hold-
ing about 30 combs is used to bring in
the honey. I don't see how Alexander
ever "gets there" vi'ith his little, frail
O-frame carrier.

We want a common cotton-tulle veil,
Coggshall brush, and heavy butcher
knife to pry loose the frames; also a
Bingham uncapping-knife. The honey,
as it leaves the extractor, runs down to
the cellar into a large tank holding over
a ton. From this it is drawn oft' into
cans, barrels, etc. The combs are again
returned to the bees, and about October
we do our fall extracting.

Now we take an inventory of each
brood-nest, noting the amount of
stores, and this number is marked on
the cover. We estimate 28 pounds suf-
ficient to carry each colony till spring.

Every colony that is short is fed till it
has this amount. We feed in a 10-
pound pail inverted over a pan, and
set in an upper story upon the frames.
We can feed 600 pounds of syrup in
30 minutes.
This is a glittipse of things in the

apiaries of Jas. McNeill, where I have
been assisting.

The autumn winds carry a chill, and
the leaves are taking on their rosy hues.
Soon I return to the South to look after
my interests there.

Hudson, N. Y., Oct. i, 1906.

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunefels, Tex.

Feeding Bees in Winter

Bees generally are apt to be in poor
condition on account of the poor season
the past year, hence it will pay every
bee-keeper to look well ahead and feed
if necessary. During a poor season much
of the enthusiasm of the bee-keeper is
lost, and his little workers sufifer more
or less neglect than when a paying crop
is made. When the bees have gone
through a poor season, they need close
attention, and this given in time may
mean money in the owner's pocket the
following season, which may be a good
one, while otherwise his bees may all
have starved.

The wintering problem with us is
mostly a question of stores, and if the
colonies are found short of natural
stores at this time, candy feeding should
be resorted to at once. This is the
safest thing to do, and the candy is
easily prepared by liquefying granulated
sugar with water and boiling it until it
will harden if a little be dropped in cold
water. This is then poured into large
shallow pans and broken into pieces of
suitable size, or into forms already the
right size desired.

The cakes are laid over the brood-
frames, directly over the cluster, 2 small
sticks being placed under the cake to
allow a passageway for the bees. An
empty super can then be placed on and
some covering material — a mat or old
sacking — to retain the heat of the colony.

Full combs of honey from other or
"rich" colonies are good, but I do not
advise this to any great extent, on ac-
count of the many dangers of spreading
diseases, especially if honey is obtained
from some unknown source.

Corn-Tassel Honey Again

Editor Scholl; — I have just received
the American Bee Journal for Dec. 6,
and note what you and others have to
say about corn-tassels yielding honey. I
also note the extract you make from an
article written by me for the Dallas
News, and can not resist the tempta-
tion to write further on the subject —
not that I have had cause to cliange my

mind in regard to the various plants
mentioned in the extract you made from
the News, but you know it is said,
"Smart men seldom change their minds,
and a fool never." (I've not changed).
I am sure, yes, very sure, that bees
get no honey from the corn-tassel
blooms. Now note that I say from the
tassel bloom, for it is a fact that in some
of our very dry years that our corn,
cane, etc., become infested with "plant-
lice," which cause the corn to become
covered with the so-called "honey-dew,"
and I have had bees store considerable
honey from this source at various times
in the past ; but the tassel of the corn
had nothing to do with the secretion of
this so-called "honey-dew," for it was
caused by the "plant-lice." And it would
be an easy matter for any one to con-
clude at such times that bees were gath-
ering honey fast from the corn-tassel
blooms.

In the spring of 1886 (1886 and 1887
were the two extremely dry years in
Texas) it was very dry, so much so that
I was sure, after fruit-bloom, I would
be compelled to feed my bees to prevent
starvation. At the close of fruit-bloom
the various oaks were in bloom, which
the bees worked on vigorously for about
10 days, filling the hives almost full of
pollen, but no honey, and the bees were
almost at the point of starvation. In
a few days, however, a change came.
The bees were dropping at the entrances
of their hives and roaring at night, that
clearly showed a honey-flow season. I
was puzzled at first to know what this
flow was from, but a little investigation
showed that a small green worm was
gnawing and puncturing the small, ten-
der leaves of the oaks, from which a
sweet substance was oozing that the bees
were eagerly lapping up and carrying
to their hives; and this was as near
a real honey-dew as I have ever seen.
Strong colonies stored from 25 to 30
pounds of this dark honey, that had both
the taste and smell of oak leaves.

Don't you see how easy it would have
have been for me, or any one that was
not a close observer, to have thought
this honey was gathered from the oak
blooms?

It is easy to determine when bees
are getting honey from any plant, by

American ^ae Journal

Jan. 10, 1907

p=^^m^~l

doing as directed in the clipping from
the Dallas News by me. See page 1003
(1906).
Rescue, Texas. L. B. Smith.

Your explanation is good. The same
has happened to me, and one season bees
were getting much honey (?) from
blooming sorghum, but observation
showed that the bees were not only
working on the bloom, but at the base
of the leaves and the upper part of the
stem, as well. The cane-stalks were
covered with lice, and the bees took
home the honey dew.

At another time the bees were gath-

ering honey from the oaks, but an in-
vestigation showed that the real source
was the "live-oak balls" — formed on the
trees and caused by a gall insect — from
which the "honey" was oozing in large
quantities, and eagerly sought by the
bees. The honey was dark brown and
strong-flavored, unfit for human food,
but came just at a time to be of much
value in stimulating brood-rearing.

I have never thought the bees got
honey, to any amount at least, from the
tassels of the corn-plant, but I have got-
ten considerable corn-honej' from the
stalks after they had been cut off.

C^oJnvention
Proceedings

Report of the Ontario, Can-
ada, Convention

REPORTED BY MORLEY PETTIX.
[Conlianed from pa^e 14]

Mr. Miller never was accustomed to
have any one use his smoker for him, so
he makes a large smoker, the bellows
loyi inches long, with the barrel pro-
portionately large. This is so he could
use a large piece of wood, and so the
use of the bellows would not make a
flame. He holds the smoker between
his knees when not in use, to avoid
stooping to the ground.

Mr. McEvoy does not wear a veil,
but smokes the bees so they won't sting.

Mr. Holtermann knows there is an art
in smoking bees, yet it is wiser to wear
a veil, and not smoke them so heav-

Mr. Byer — It is better to smoke just
enough, and not too much. The nozzle
should be hinged on so it can not
drop off.

Mr. Newton can easily tell by the
sound of bees when and how much to
smoke. As to a veil, he finds he can
do more work in the same time by its
use. He does not call for a large
smoker, and likes the slip-over cover,
not hinged.

Mr. Hershiser does not believe in be-
ing foolhardy about going without a
veil, yet does not use it very much.
He believes in using one when it is
necessary, and not use too much
smoke, because it will injure the flavor
of the honey. He uses a large smoker
because it does not need to be filled so
often. He believes the latest Bingham
smoker a good one, but has a weak
point. It is not strongly enough con-
nected with the bellows. Otherwise it is
a good one.

Mr. Miller has a piece of light chain
attached to the cover, and a hook on
the barrel to fasten the nozzle on. To

keep the fire from lalliug out there is
a narrow rim in the nozzle, and then
wads the grass in behind this rim so it
does not fall out.

R. Lowe)' does not like the hood that
turns the smoke to one side. He likes
a straight nozzle. He does not smoke
bees much, and uses pine bark, second-
growth.

Mr. Holtermann likes a narrow and
longer barrel.

Mr. Bailey has an arangement on the
barrel of his smoker to hang it on the
side of the hive. He uses green grass
to keep the smoker cool.

Mr. Bruune has no hives and does
not use a smoker at all during the honey-
flow. He wears a veil and carefully
handles the bees so as not to irritate
them.

BEE-KEEPING AS AN OCCUPATION
FOR WOMEN

As a rule, to the woman who has had
no practical experience with bees, if she
thinks of the subject at all, bee-keep-
ing stands for honey, large profits, stud-
ies in natural history, and stings, the
latter probably being considered the sur-
est and most objectionable adjunct of
the business. But a few years' acquaint-
ance with the bee-keepers' pets will
teach her that stings are but insignifi-
cant incidents in the bee-keeper's life,
that honey is not always sure, nor prof-
its always large, but the study of the
nature and habits of the bee can
be depended upon at all seasons of the
year to yield a fund of interest to any
woman who engages in this occupation.

The story of my experience with bees
is probably my best means of showing
what bee-keeping may be as an occu-
pation for women.

I started bee-keeping in 1900 with one
colony, for which I had paid $5.00. They
did not swarm nor give any surplus
honey during the summer, were weak
the following spring, and gradually
dwindled away till the hive was empty.
I purchased another colony for $6.00,

in May, 1901. When they swarmed I
divided the bees and brood in the old
brood-chamber, putting half into a new
hive, and alternating each with frames
of foundation. From the swarm I re-
ceived 30 pounds of surplus honey.

In the spring of 1902 I had 3 colonies,
which had given me so little trouble that
I thought I could manage a couple more,
so I purchased 2 strong colonies for
$15.00. When they started to cast out
first, second, third" and fourth swarms,
I began to have some idea of what
bee-keeping meant. Having double brood-
chamber, 8-frame Langstroth hives, the
swarms were large, and when 2 swarms
issued at the same time I had enough
to do to lift the double hives away and
replace with new ones before the bees
began to return, the queen being clipped.
I had heard of 20 swarms issuing at
the same time in large yeards. but 2 at
a time were enough for me just then.
Those five colonies gave me 928 pounds
of extracted honey, and increased to 16.
At the end of the next season I had
35 colonies and 1400 pounds of honey
from them. I had 30 colonies in the
spring of 1904 — 5 having died in the
cellar; they yielded about 2600 pounds.

In the spring of 1905 I had 33 colo-
nies, when the weak ones were united
with the strong ones; they stored 4700
pounds of honey and increased to 49
colonies. Last spring (1906), the num-
ber decreased to 40, 5 being queenless
and 4 too weak to go alone. They
yielded 1600 pounds of honey, and I
have 39 colonies this fall.

As to stings, my first serious experi-
ence with stings nearly put me out of
the business. It was when I had only
5 colonies. They seemed to be trying
to make a record of 200 pounds per
colony for that season, and when I at-
tempted to take the honey off they re-
sented my interference with their plans
with such vigor that I left the hive
open and ran to the house, saying to
the folks when I got there, "There is
no use talking about getting used to
stings, I will never be able to stand
such punishment as this. It is too much
for me."

But I did not like to be beaten by the
little bee so I fortified myself against
another attack by covering my hands
and wrists with long, heavy gloves, and
succeeded in taking the honey off. Ever
since that time I have worn gloves in
handling my bees; even when clipping
queens I used gloves with the finger-
tips cut off. I know that wearing gloves
is not looked upon with favor by the
professional bee-keepers, but when it
comes to the question of gloves or de-
feat, 'Mcar gloz'cs.

There are other things connected with
the occupation that are not very agree-
able— the stickiness of the honey in un-
capping; extracting, weighing aiid pour-
ing into cans, which has won for the
male bee-keeper the title of "Lick
Thumbs." This is one of the mildest
miseries, so easily reduced to insignifi-
cance by the use of w-ater as to be
scarcely worth mentioning, only we are
treating of bee-keeping as an occupa-
tion for women, and she who takes it
up is sure to find that this feature cer-
tainly belongs to it.

She may expect, too, considerable

Jan. 10, 1907

American Tiee Journal

hard wurU and heavy hfting, for in
handhng tlic 8-fraiiu; Langstroth— one
of Iho sniiillcsl Iiivfs— tlioro arc many
6o-ponnd lifts, and if slie be incapable
of lifting that amount, a woman is
likely to be handicapped by her inabil-
ity to move or carry a full hive or super,
or 6o-ponnd can of honey. It is well
enough to depend upon outside help for
big days, when carrying in supers of
honey for extracting, or in weighing it
and crating it for shipment, or convey-
ing the bees to their winter quarters;
but for the common, every-day work of
the apiary, which requires much mus-
cular exertion, the woman who aims to
become an efficient bee-keeper can not
afford to depend too much upon outside
help.

Bee-keeping may be looked upon as a
healthy occupation for vvoinen in com-
parison with many of the avocations to
w'hich she is called, wherein exercise,
fresh air and sunshine are denied her.
It is true, there will be times when
the humidity of the air and the intense
heat of the sun, aggravated by the ex-
ercise she is forced to take, through
the excessive activity of the bees conse-
quent upon the weather conditions, may
lead her to exclaim, "Why v/as I ever
born to be melted like this?" but these
conditions usually last for only a few
hours in a day, and not very frequently
through the season, and there are so
many rare, beautiful days to enjoy, dur-
ing the honey harvest, that one forgets
the discomforts of a few hot, damp,
wilty hours, in the pleasure of those
when air, and sun, and bees, combine
to make the bee-keeper's life worth
living.

One very important part of the busi-
ness is the melting of old combs. It is
hard, sticky work to cut wired combs
out of the frames and put them into
the extractor. It is difficult for a wom-
an to lift the lid, handle, screw and
press off the extractor, without getting
up on a chair, even though she be strong
and tall ; and this has to be done every
time the extractor is filled with combs.
The heat, steam and odor of hot wax,
pollen, etc., make this one of the most
objectionable features of bee-keeping;
but as house-cleaning, with its dust,
disorder, and discomfort, while in prog-
ress, proves such a delight to the house-
keeper in its results, so comb-melting
amply repays the bee-keeper by the im-
proved sanitary condition of the hives ;
and from what we learn from conversa-
tions with experienced bee-keepers, items
in the bee-papers, and deductions from
papers read at conventions on the sub-
ject of healthy, disease-proof colonies,
the renewal of clean, new foundation in
the hive forms a very important factor
in insuring healthy conditions in the
apiary. And the possibility is that if
woman, with her natural house-cleaning
proclivities, should invade the realm of
bee-keeping, this branch of business
would be well attended to, and the prob-
lem of foul brood solved without any
other formula.

There are many things in connection
with bee-keeping that a woman can work
at with great pleasure. Take that of
opening up a few crates of bee-supplies
and transforming the neatly-made and

precisely-fitted pieces into hive-bodies,
bottom-boards and covers, frames with
top, bottom and sides of white, clean
wood that fit each other like a charm,
and fit the hives just as perfectly. Then
there are the folding of sections, the
wiring of frames and imbedding wire
in foundation, etc., all neat, clean, fas-
cinating features of the business.

My advice to the woman who wishes
to take up this work would be to spend a
season with an experienced bee-keeper,
if she has an opportunity, paying strict
attention to every detail of the work.
She would gain thereby much kriowl-
edge that if won by her own experience
would cost her dearly. An instance in
point of this:

I had been told to put an empty super
under a large swarm, to give them room
to cluster and prevent them from swarm-
ing out again. I only grasped the one
idea — put the super under — and did not
note that it should be taken away at a
given time; the consequence was that
that colony did not store as much honey
in the supers ; and in the fall, when I
strove to take out what I supposed was
an empty hive-body, I found a peck or
perhaps a half-bushel of trouble accumu-
lated there, in the shape of combs built
toward all the points of the compass,
young brood in all stages, hundreds of
bees crushed between combs that had
fallen when the hive was lifted oft', and
a possibility that the queen was killed in
the general mix-up. To have seen this
done promptly would have saved me
time, trouble and expense.

In conclusion, this record shows that
a woman ma}' expect the little busy bee
to gather honey for her at an average
yearly rate of 8l pounds to the colony;
that stings may be subject to her, with
stickiiKss also ; that hard work, heavy
lifting, perspiration, and disagreeable
odors must be borne with fortitude ; that
careful attention to detail is imperative;
and that there are many things in bee-
keeping that are calculated to make it
an attractive and enjoyable, occupation
for women. Miss Trevarrow.

Meadowville, Ont.

Mrs. Scott, daughter of Samuel Wood,
one of the oldest members, thought that
Miss Trevarrow's experience was very
encouraging to women bee-keepers.

Mr. Hershiser — This paper shows
what women can do in this line. They
should be able to hire inexperienced help
to do the heavy work.

Mr. Deadman — The lifting may be
avoided by using Heddon hives, and a
wagon to draw supers to the extracting
room, and many other labor-saving de-
vices.

Mr. Craig has visited Miss Trevar-
row's apiary and found everything neat
and in order.

Mr. Hershiser likes to have the heavy
lifting.

R. W. Roach — Women will notice
things going wrong in the yard before
a man would do so.

Sugar Barrels for Honey.

"How would sugar barrels do for can-
died buckwheat honey?"

Mr. Timbers — If they would hold the
honey till it is candied, they would be all
right.

"How can we get lo cents per pound
for extracted honey?"

Always put out a good article.

Never offer buckwheat honey to a cus-
tomer until he asks for it.

Mr. Hershiser— Well-ripened buck-
wheat honey is just as good as clover.
The difference is a matter of taste.

Mr. Ro.ich has learned lo like buck-
wheat honey, and finds customers learn
this, toi,!.

Mr. Holtcrmann — It is important that
buckwheat honey be well-ripened, and
then people who are accustomed to it
often prefer it to clover; and the more
it is used the more they seem to like it.

Morley Pettit — When buckwheat hon-
ey is well granulated, it is more palata-
ble than liquid.

Mr. Timbers — Next spring make the
buckwheat honey all into bees, so it does
not get mixed in with the white clover.
Pure buckwheat honey is a better flavor
than mixed, and the belter flavor is ob-
tained on the lighter soil.

Mr. Craig — Buckwheat is one of the
honeys that won't stand re-liquefying. It
injures the flavor.

Mr. Hershiser — You must go slow.
Take 24 hours to liquefy a 60-pound can.
As to value, I have found that buck-
wheat honey suits purposes of biscuit
factories just as well as the white honey.

Mr. Timbers — It is all a question ef
locality. If we have more honey than
we can retail, hold it over till the next
year. Retail as much as possible. I
retailed, in 1903, 3000 pounds from the
house without soliciting a sale, and I live
right in the country.

A. Laing condemned retailing at a
wholesale price. It is not advisable to
sell honey-dew at all for retail trade.

Mr. Holtermann and Secretary Kerby
moved that where gross weight is put
in a lo-pound and 5-pound pail, the label
bear the word "gross weight." Carried.

Mr. Byer and Morley Pettit favored
this idea.

Mr. Holtermann is in favor of legis-
lation, but would not urge that.

Mr. Dickinson thought they should be
compelled to put in net weight.

Mr. Hershiser puts net weight in 60-
pound cans, but gross weight in smaller
packages.

Mr. Timbers said we can not compel
meinbers to sell net weight when all
other goods with which they have to
compete are sold gross weight.

Laing and Byers — It is far easier to
sell a package gross weight than to get
pay for the package in any other way.
(Coottnued next wceti.)

HoDey as a Health- Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to ■' Honey-
CookiDK Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2cent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for-*1.25;
350 tor ¥2 25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for jr.oO.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the otiice of the
American Bee Journal.

Jan. 10. 1907

American Hee Journal

C^anadia

Conducted by E. L. Bter, Markham, (Jul.

IntFOduction and Greeting

In stepping into the breach caused
by Mr. Pettit's retirement from " Cana-
dian Beedom," I feel that I am under-
taking a somewhat difficult task. Be
it remembered, Mr. Pettit is something
over 6 feet in height, while " your
humble servant " is — well, somewhat
shorter, to say the least.

Somehow, I can not help but feel that
our abilities and mental capacities are
about in the same ratio of comparison
as our physical stature. However, be-
ing by nature an optimist, I shall not
worry over things that I am not re-
sponsible for, but shall endeavor to
make the best of opportunities, and
with this end in view, looking for the
hearty co-operation of all, and espe-
cially of Canadian readers of the
American Bee Journal, I shall try to
make this department interesting and
instructive.

While, as heretofore, our corner will
be called " Canadian Beedom," the
writer has intimated to Editor York
that the privilege is reserved of " med-
dling " in "Yankee" affairs if occa-
sion permits. As I purpose to abstain
from doing anything of an extraditable
nature, I do not anticipate much trouble
along this line.

Permit me to wish all the readers of
the American Bee Journal a Happy and
very prosperous New Year.

Markham, Ont. J. L. Byer.

Maintaining High Prices of
Honey

Is it possible to maintain the present
high prices of honey ? Probably most
readers of the American Bee Journal
are aware that on this side of the
" line " a very short crop of honey was
harvested last season. As a result,
prices of honey are unusually high — 10
cents a pound wholesale for extracted
being the common quotation all fall.

At the annual convention of the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association, held
in Toronto, in November, 1906, Presi-
dent Sibbald, in his address, thought
that honey had advanced to where it
ought always to stay. In his opinion,
honey is a cheap and wholesome food
at 12)4 to 15 cents per pound, and at
those prices it compares most favorably
with other foods. The most of us are
inclined to agree with Mr. Sibbald, but
the question arises. How, in a good
year, are we going to maintain present
high prices ?

In the discussion that followed Presi-
dent Sibbald's address, Mr. Holter-
mann thought it would be unwise to
try to get present prices in years when
we had a full crop. While I am, for
obvious reasons, inclined to agree with
Mr. Holtermann, yet in common with
most bee-keepers, I suspect I would be
willing to keep up the high prices, if
it were possible to do so.

One thing seems certain, and that is,
Canadian bee-keepers, for many years
to come, should have no reason to sell
at the low figures that have prevailed
in some years. Our markets, right at
our doors, have not been half worked
in the past, and I think we would be
safe in assuming that at least three
times as much honey could be used in
our own vicinity, as is the case at pres-
ent, provided systematic methods were
used to bring about this result.

With the tremendous influx of popu-

lation into the Provinces of Manitoba,
Sackatchewan and Alberta, and with
comparatively little attention being
paid to apiculture as yet in these
places, there can not help but be a
great market there for years to come,
for Ontario honey. At present every-
thing is prosperous there, and experi-
ence has proven to me that if you send
them the right article they do not
" kick " about the price.

One great barrier to trade with the
West at present, is the high freight-
rate, but with two more transcontinen-
tal railroads in course of construction,
possibly we may hope for some relief
in that matter.

In connection with the matter of
keeping up prices, the Crop Report
Committee, working in conjunction
with the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, is doing a grand work. When
their report was sent out last Septem-
ber, some bee-keepers who happened to
have a fair crop thought the news too
good to be true, and I received letters
asking questions something like this :

" Is the crop as short as reported by
the committee? We came very near
selling our crop the other day for 8
cents. Do you think there is a possi-
bility of getting 10 cents, as advised in
the committee report ?"

As a result, if I am correct, I believe
that every one of these enquirers re-
ceived in the neighborhood of 10 cents,
f.o.b., for their honey. Certainly co-
operation paid these bee-keepers this
year, and the lesson is not apt to be
forgotten another season.

.mmMi^K^mmm^^mmMmamm^^

Mr. nastyis

The

' Old Reliable " as seen throug-h New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Drones for Service.

That Irish editor makes me mad. Just
asl was pluming myself on being, like
Cassandra of old, the solitary prophet
and witness to the truth, up he pops to
remark that over in Britain my view
(that when getting drones for service
numbers don't count much) is common
enough. So ! Wish somebody would
take the contract to furnish those com-
mon-enough fellows with tongues —
tongues with a hung-in-themiddle ar-
rangement. But as that editor is one
that Digges in the opposite direction,
maybe he thinks that one believer, and
he a deaf-mute, would be, for the doc-
trine in question, common enough.
Page 993.

The T-Supbr Fight.

Dr. Miller and Frank H. Drexel cer-
tainly make a good fight for the T-
super on pages 995, 996, and 997. Then
why don't I adopt it myself? Ah,

that's difi'erent ! The double-deck sec-
tion-holder arrangement is the kind for
an old played-out like me, who never
gets anything done. Also, I feel as-
sured that in changing my system as a
whole for the T-super system as a
whole, I should greatly increase the
number of my unfinished sections,
now delightfully small. Also the job
of cleaning the bottoms of those sec-
tions is going to forever bluff me oS.
Propolis is bad here, and my lazy sec-
tions have a habit of staying where
they are put the entire season. You
see, my locality is so poor a one that I
am seldom driven to take anything off.
More prompt taking would make the
looks of my honey better, but the real
quality not so good, with the quantity
usually the same. And my old custo-
mers have learned to be satisfied with
my honey without requiring it to be
ghostly white. Some one has recently
written that the double-deck section-
holder, as A. I. Root originally in-

Jan. 10, 1907

Aiii(»rican Hee Journal

vented it, was no longer in use. It
will stay in use as long as I keep bees,
I reckon — unless I should change my
strain of bees. Not every really good
strain of bees likes to store honey so far
away from the brood-nest when there
is only a little coming in, anyway ; but
mine do it all right.

Watering Animals— Bbes and
Grapes.

Prof. Cook may help us in some
things besides bees. In watering large
animals it is oft quite a job to carry so
much. And we may feel that they are
drinking more than is good for them,
and just making us needless work, and
yet we don't think it's nice to deny
them what water they want to drink.
Let them have more finte for the water
to pass into their blood and the thirst
will not persist until they have swal-
owed down all their great stomach can
hold. Just now I am carrying water
to 3 cows daily. They take 9 big buck-
ets. Taking Prof. Cook's hint would
be to give each cow one bucket, then
do some other chores taking 5 minutes
or so, then give each cow one more.
Given in that way, perhaps 6 buckets
would do better than 9, and be all they
would take. i

I note with surprise (but not at all
with displeasure) that Prof. Cook
wishes to avoid saying that bees can
not puncture grapes ; he rather sus-
pects that they could if they got at it
right. I believe as respectable a wit-
ness as John Pocklington, originator
of the Pocklington grape, testified that
he saw a bee puncture a grape — not
only saw it, but watch in hand
he timed it. I forget the time he
named. Part of the time another bee
was mounted on the shoulders of the
first one helping to bear down. Well,
what was this bee's method of opera-
tion ? Suppose you wanted to per-
forate a base-ball with j'our thumb-
nail. You would press hard and rub
back and forth on exactly the same
line. With long patience it could be
done, I take it. Bees' mandibles are
shaped much like thumb-nails. If I
got Mr. Pocklington aright, his bee
used one mandible and rubbed in just
that way. Our safe defense, if we
don't want to get cornered, is not that
bees are incapable of perforating, but
that th :y almost never learn how.
See, I'm not " holding my whist " this
time, when I can get behind Prof.
Cook, out of sight. Shall I tell about
the other way bees destroy sound
grapes ? I think I've seen a little of
that — but have never seen the way just
mentioned. It's to cluster on the
bunch till they cover it all up out of
sight — to get themselves into a boiling
frame of mind, like they were balling
a queen or trying to force a hole into a
hive you had just shut them out of
when they had been robbing it. I
don't know which counts most, the
heat they generate, or the joint power
with which they pry the berries
around : but the joint result is to start
the berries from the stems, after
which, of course, the rest is easy.
Page 998.

Dur

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Sister In Charge in New Zealand

Miss Livesay has been placed in
charge of the State Apiary of New
Zealand, according to an article in
Gleanings. She is a lady with Eng-
lish training, and " she hopes to popu-
larize the industry among the farmers'
wives and daughters. The supervisor,
Mr. C. Sinton Hutchinson, is one of
the best scientific bee-keepers in the
country. The Langstroth hive is used,
as is the case throughout the country,
its general adoption being due to the
efforts of Mr. Hopkins many years
ago. American bee-literature, too, is
read far more than English, which, in-
deed, is but rarely seen.

"The bees at the State Farm are
hybrids, and nothing has been done
yet to improve the strain ; but next
season Mr. Hopkins will import some
of the best Italian queens. "There will
also be observatory hives and probably
a library."

Not an Irish Sister— North Pole

I think a good deal of the American

Bee .Journal. When I sit down to read it I
don't know when to stop, — Michael Mc-
Adamis, of Illinois.

The editor of the Irish Bee Journal
says :

The American Bee .Journal is called in the
States the " Old Reliable,'' and is one of those
ever-fresh, ever-welcome publications that no
bee-man worth a dollar and a half can afiford
to do without. Of that attractive Journal,
one of the most delightful departments is
that of " Our Bee-Keeping Sisters,"

Then, after some kind words about
the head of this department, he con-
tinues :

Well, Miss Emma M, Wilson does us the
honor of reading the Irish Bee Journal, and
treats us very kindly in her department of
the American Bee Journal, Our editorial on
" Drivel," page 37, caught her attention, and,
as with so many of us, the quotations we
made amused her immensely. But how does
she begin her article? " Woman's Life, a
journal presumably published in Ireland,"
she says !

There you are again !

We have already so much to answer for in
this country, a little more or less makes no
difference. The article quoted was so un-
blushingly ridiculous that it must have ema-
nated from one of the " writers for women's
journals " here, and the publication itself
must, of course, be Irish ! If the sun, moon
and stars, including the Milky Way and the
Great Bear, were suddenly to drop into New
York Harbor, the cry would immediately go
up that an Irishman did it. It strikes us that
we have here the secret of many national
disasters and failures. Take, for example,
the various North Pole exploration expedi-
tions, of which America contributes her
share, and each of which makes " a record,"
but with just as little hope of success. Why?

Because some one is constantly shifting the
Pole farther north; and the explorers will
have to set a dozen policemen on the chest of
every Irishman in the Arctic regions before
they can " discover the Pole I"

But, as a set off, let us assure Miss Wilson
that the publication which has given good,
healthy laughter to hundreds of us, has its
home in London, where the apicultural
knowledge of Europe is concentrated, and is
no more Irish than are the Falls of Niagara,
This, we feel sure, will be welcome informa-
tion to the gifted lady who weekly delights
us and all other readers of the American Bee
Journal,

With this full explanation care will
be taken in the future to keep in mind
that a Woman's Life is not necessarily
an Irish Woman's Life because men-
tioned in the Irish Bee Journal.

But is there not some mistake on
the part of Editor Digges when he
speaks of some one shifting the Pole
farther north ? Does he not know the
Pole is lost, and that frantic efforts
are being put forth to find it ? Now
how could any one shift it further
north without first finding it ? But if
it had been found by any of "those
Irish ' that he speaks about as " always
on the borderland of starvation,' in-
stead of shifting its place would they
not have cut it up for firewood? In
which case is it worth all this bother
to try to find the stump ?

Now, if Editor Digges wants to make
sure that the Irish Bee Journal shall
not be misquoted, the way is very easy :
Just let him stop making its pages so
bright that one is constantly tempted
to quote from them.

Yellow Sweet Clover — Are There Sev-
eral Kinds ?

If I were sensitive about being called
a " Sweet Clover Crank,' I would cer-
tainly "let up " on writing about it,
for a little while, at least.

I had a letter a short time ago from
a valued friend of mine. He is a sweet
clover expert, by the way, and few
have done more to remove the preju-
dice against the beautiful " Melilotus
alba."'

He wanted to ask me about some
sweet clover he had been growing. He
said he bought 25 pounds of seed from
a reliable firm (a bee-supply house),
and sowed it on March 31. I will quote
from his letter :

" The seed grew well, and on May S began
to bloom. Soon there was a sea of yellow
bloom everywhere that I had scattered the
seed. This clover grew about 12 to li inches
high, but — / never saw a single bee on this mass
of sweet clon'r bloom. The plants of this

American ^ee Journal

Jan. 10, 1907

clover appear to be dead now. What do you
think of this yellow sweet clover? Do you
believe it to be the genuine articled'

I wrote my friend that I did not know
what he had gotten hold of unless
what I have heard called "yellow blos-
somed alfalfa.' " Melilotus officinalis"'
it certainly is not. That is a biennial,
and does not bloom the same season it
is sown. Besides that, it grows much
higher than this plant described by my
friend.

I spent an hour or two lately in look-
ing up about " yellow sweet clover" —
what others have said of it in years
gone by. To me it was very interest-
ing reading.

In the first number of the American
Bee Journal for 1897, Mrs. Lambrigger,
of Knox Co., Nebr., writes of "yellow
sweet clover '" with great enthusiasm,
ranking it far ahead of the white kind
for bees ?L.D6./orJorage.

I got my first seed from Mrs. L,. years
ago, and I say that she did not over-
rate the merits of this clover. For
myself, the longer I have it the more I
appreciate it.

Mrs. L.'s article started M. M. Bald-
ridge — a sweet clover expert in Illinois.
He said :

"I don't believe the yellow sweet clover is
a better variety than the white, but thert: may
be more than one kind. I have seen the yellow
growing in this city for years, but never saw
many bees on it," etc.

I am really curious to know what Mr.
Baldridge thinks of yellow sweet clover
?iow.

John McArthur, of Ontario, another
sweet clover expert, was also aroused.
He said that in writing of " Melilotus
officinalis,'' his experience dated back
17 years. Here is a quotation from his
letter :

"I would say, emphatically, that the yel-
low is not equal to the white in many re-
spects. It blooms at a time when we have an
abundance of White Dutch andaleike clovers,
and very few bees will then be seen upon it."

The letter is quite a lengthy one,
and I don't feel at liberty to quote it
all here, but there is something to
which I must call attention, because it
would seem to show that he has not
my kind of yellow sweet clover — not
"Melilotus officinalis.' He says :

"Examine the seed-pod and you will find
that it contains from one to tliree seeds— dif-
ferent entirely from the white in this respect,
which carries only a single seed in each pod."

" Gray's Manual of Botany," which,
by the way, mentions the yellow meli-
lot A>5/, says the seed-pod is one and
two seeded. I find this to be so with
both of the^n. The pod has usually one
seed, but occasionally two.

I took pains to examine the seed-
pods minutely. In no case did I find
three seeds.

The seed of the two varieties is
almost identical in appearance, but
that of the yellow is a little smaller.
That was 9 years ago. It would be in-
teresting to hear from Mr. McArthur
again.

In this same volume of the American
Bee Journal there was an account of a
beekeepers' convention in which Edi-
tor York read a letter from the late
Mrs. L. Harrison, which is worth re-
publication at the present time, when

there is renewed interest in yellow
sweet clover.

Bee-keepers, I know there is great
interest in it just now, or I would not
be getting letters from all over in re-
gard to it. Mrs. Harrison says :

"It blossoms a month earlier than the
white, and is more profuse, looking like a
yellow sea. It makes finer hay than the
white, and is a greater favorite with the bees."

In the Bee Journal for 1900, there is
a long, interesting article on yellow
sweet clover, by John R. Schmidt, of
Hamilton Co., Ohio. As to its time of
blooming, he says :

" This year about the middle of May, which
is at least /oMr vieeka aheael of the white variety
of sweet ciovor."

Now, I have by no means tnade an
exhaustive study, nor called all the
witnesses, but I have given enough to
show that the American Bee Journal

has done its part toward giving light
on this subject. Bee-keepers, give us
the facts, and don't let me do all the
talking ! I like to stir things up a bit,
and then take a "back seat," and
watch the fray !

(Mrs.) a. L,. Amos.
Custer Co., Nebr.

Money for the Hands

Until some one is bright enough to
invent a machine to wash dishes, here
is an item, taken from Vick's Maga-
zine, that will always be timely for
most of the sisters :

Rub the bands well with corn-meal and
vinegar after washing dishes, etc. ; it will
then clean them ; then put a few drops of
honey in the palm, add a little water, and
rub it well into the skin; it will make them
soft and white. Do not use honey enough to
make the hands sticky.

^^

■1)ocfor Millers
%estion-Bax

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Millbr, Marengo, 111.

J[^° Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Dummies in Place of Comlis

What do you use for dummies in hives
when taking out combs? Texas.

Answer. — Simply a pine board about 5-16
of an inch thick, with a top-bar. Formerly I
had them about the same depth and length as
the brood-frames, but it is easier handling
them if they are an inch or so shorter; that
is, l-i inch or so shorter at each end, and at
the part of the hive where they are used the
the bees don't fill up the vacant space with
burr-combs. I like shortened ends for top-
bars of brood-frames, depending upon staples
driven into the end-bars just under the top-
bars to space the frames endwise, but that
doesn't work well for dummies. The top-bar
of a dummy should be nearly long enough to
fill up the space; l-lii of an inch being play
enough. There is less danger of the dummy
warping if it is cleated at each end, the cleat
being fastened not on the side, but on the
end, so that the thickness of the dummy is
not increased at that part.

time to see a little water trickling out of a
hive-entrance, and of course when it is cold
enough such water will freeze. In most cases
no serious harm is done. The vapor from the
bees, or the bees' breath, condenses, settles
on the cold walls of the hive, and when there
is enough of it it trickles down. There is,
however, danger in two directions. If the
moisture should settle over the bees, and then
trickle down upon the cluster, harm would
follow. To avoid this, see that there is plenty
of packing on top. Another danger is that
the ice may fill the entrance entirely and
smother the bees. Keep occasional watch,
and clean out the entrance. Too small an
entrance may favor condensation of moisture.
A strong colony may have an entrance equiva-
lent to 3 or 4 square inches. The honey run-
ning out looks a little like too small an en-
trance, as the moisture probably settled on
combs of unsealed honey, thinning it so it ran
out of the cells.

'Testing Swarms Before Hiving
Them"

Dampness in Hives

1 have 13 colonies of bees under a shed,
opened only to the east, or front. A while
ago I made a case of heavy building-paper,
put this around the hives and filled up the
space between with shavings to protect the
bees from cold, leaving the entrance open. In
looking them over to-day I found a little ice
on the alighting-board, and also a small icicle
in the entrance of one of the hives, showing
moisture inside. I would like to know if
this will do any damage. If so, how can I
help it? I have noticed on two of the alight-
ing-boards a little honey. What is the cause
of that? The hives all have flat covers.

Vermont.

Answer. — It is nothing unusual in winter

On page 931 (1906), C. W. Dayton gives an
article with the above heading, that I have
studied carefully, and it seems as if at least
some of the views he holds are not in accord
with generally received opinion. Which is
right, the old view or the new? Kindly give
your own view in detail. Illinois.

Answer. — Your question is a very broad
one, as you do not say to what part of Mr.
Dayton's paper you refer. There are some
things in it that I am not sure whether I un-
derstand correctly ; and without a full under-
standing it is not always safe to express an
opinion. 1 feel very sure, however, that Mr.
Dayton will be willing to correct any misap-
prehension on my part.

If I understand correctly his first paragraph,
I think many experienced bee-keepers will be

Jan. 10, 1907

American l^ee Journa

found who do not agree wilh him. He tells
of "the dogs in Massachusetts, wbieh, shorn
o( their tails, became a race of doge which
neglected to grow tails." I don't know
whether that's meant for a joke or not, but
unless meant in earnest it can hardly have
any bearing on the case. I read within a
week of a salve so wonderful that upon being
applied to the stump of a dog's tail that had
been cut oil, the tail promptly grew on again.
Then the salve was applied to the tail that
bad been cut oil, and it promptly grew a dog
onto the tail. These two dog-tail stories are
alike in one respect; that is, that one is prob-
ably as reliable as the other.

Nevermind the dogs; lets get back to the
bees.

It is a matter of great importance to know
whether it is true, as Mr. Dayton says in his
first paragraph, "that the probability is that
if the bees would not swarm they would breed
only enough to keep the colony intact." For
upon one's belief in that regard depends one's
practise as to restraining or encouraging
swarming. But it it be true that the result of
no swarming would be colonies so small as to
store only honey enough for their own use,
as Mr. Uayton says, then one would naturally
expect that where they come very close to no
swarming they would come very close to such
small colonies. If I am correct, about 95 per-
cent of the colonies of the Dadants do not
swarm ; if there has been a very material
diminution in the size of the colonies, it seems
to me that so candid a man as C. P. Dadant
would have mentioned it. And if the general
opinion is correct that a large hive is one of
the most important factors in the prevention
of swarming, is Mr. Dayton working in the
right direction when he says (page 503), " My
hives are abundant in size, early or late?"

I am not sure whether I understand just
what he means when he says: "It appears
reasonable to me that swarms and honey-
gathering should go hand in hand." At any
rate, my bumper yields have always been
from the colonies that made no offer to
swarm. I think it is the general belief that
bees most given to swarming are not the best
gatherers.

Mr. Dayton says, " It will not be proper to
give this matter of breeding our bees entirely
over to breeders." If by "breeders" he
means the men that sell queens, Mr. Dayton
has not a very large following in his belief.
At least, whatever their belief, in their prac-
tise the great majority pay little or no atten-
tion to the matter of breeding their bees ex-
cept to buy occasionally a queen of fresh
blood. But the multitude is wrong, and Mr.
Dayton is right, most emphatically right.

As to the remainder of his article, there are
some things that I'm not sure I understand,
and some things I am sure I don't believe. I
don't understand how it can be a common
thing for bees of a swarm to return to the old
hive when the queen is not to their liking,
and yet not to return when they have no
queen at all. I don't understand what prac-
tise Mr. Dayton advises when he says, " The
only swarms that it is advisable to hive in a
new location are those where the bees all
stay;" for f don't understand how he would
tell about it without hiving. I don't believe
that bees of a swarm do much returning, but
I am ready to do so upon sufficient proof.

Uncapped Sugar-Syrup Stores for
Winter

I am wintering my bees in the cellar, and
they seem to be doing all right now (Dec. 18).
I gave them a thick syrup made of brown
sugar. While the syrup was stored in the
combs by the bees the latter part of Septem-
ber and first of October, they did not cap it.
Is there any danger of its becoming so hard in
the comb that they can not use it? and will
there be enough moisture in it for them? or
should I supply them water to drink? How
could I best supply this water for them, if
you think they may need it? I took the bees
out of the cellar one day last week and they
had a good flight.

I am reading two books now all the spare

time I have. One is '■ Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee," and the other js " Manual of the
Apiary," by I'rof. Cook. I think they are
excellent works. I also take great pleasure
reading the "Old Keliable." I mean to study
all 1 can along thiH line, and handle my bees
as scientltically as I can. I love this kind of
work. Iowa.

Answek.— I don't believe there is great
danger that the syrup will become too dry.
The danger lies in another direction, espe-
cially as the syrup was unsealed. Uranulated
sugar is about the only sugar used for winter
stores, and there is danger that before spring
diarrhea may result from the brown sugar.
If so, the only thing is to wait patiently for
spring weather in which the bees can fly,
hoping that it may come early. There is one
thing, however, that I would try, although
I'm not entirely sure it helps diarrhea. It is
to warm up the cellar. A stove in the cellar
is the best thing. Hot stones may do ; bottles
or jugs of hot water well corked. But no hot
water uncorked. Don't use an oil-stove un-
less you can air out well, as the resulting
fumes foul the air. Run up the temperature,
if you can, to ,50 or 60 degrees.

/T

K.

Pacific (Eoast
Hlurmurinas

^^

J

Perfumes of Bees, Flowers, and
Women.

Some of the readers of the American
Bee Journal may be opposed to there
being any reference made in its col-
umns about the aspirants for high
political office. Under ordinary cir-
cumstances such should be the rule,
but there are some persons who hold
that such notice should be given. For
a reason for such a view, they hold
that these aspiring citizens are bee-
keepers, every one of them. At first, I
did not think that all the politicians
of this broad and enlightened land
could be apiarists. On expressing my
disbelief, I was met with the reply,
" Why, aren't they bee-keepers, for
every one of them has a bee in his bon-
net, and if that does not make a bee-
keeper, well, what does ?" Perhaps it
does, but it is almost like straining at
a gnat and swallowing a camel. lyCt's
take it for granted that they are bee-
keepers, and notice some of the more
prominent ones — the ones who seek the
highest office in the gift of our citizens.

William Jennings Bryan has already
been noticed. He cropped up rather
suddenly as a double-barrelled bee-
keeper, inasmuch as he keeps the gen-
uine article — the pets of all true apia-
rists— in his back yard, and this other
sort (the politician's kind) is hived be-
neath his soft-felt hat. Well, that's
good. I'm glad Billy Bryan likes bees
and honey, and he's welcomi to the
bee in his bonnet. I do not pretend to
be boosting him, or any of the other
distinguished citizens (not even our
good, strenuous [sic] President, Theo-
dore Roosevelt), into high places.

There, I've named twobee-culturists,
and here goes for another. He has the
worst case of this kind of bee-fever
that ever got loose in the United
States. Whether the bee will ever
hatch out a nestful of trouble like a
queen-hornet does, I can not predict,
and it is not my place here to intimate.

Like myself, he's a native Caljfornian,
but so many bad things have been said
of him that I have not yet come to
fancy him. As a trust-buster, he may
appeal to the best side of true Ameri-
cans. I am referring to William Ran-
dolph Hearst, the millionaire news-
paper publisher.

Having named all the principal sin-
gle bee-beepers in the United States, I
trust there is no one who will say that
I am unfair. Just watch me and see
how I shall roast any of them that
gives me a chance, if he goes " f or-
ninst " the interest of the bee and
honey industry.

Speaking of Hearst a moment ago,
reminds mc that his knowledge of bees
is very crude; in fact, the following
editorial from his San Francisco Ex-
aminer of Oct. 2, displays an immense
amount of ignorance. For instance,
note the sub-head. Who ever heard of
a drone-bee stinging any one, whether
the latter was perfumed slightly or
profusely ? Mr. Hearst may have writ-
ten this editorial, or it may have been
done by some one of his writers. He
has some excellent pencil-pushers, but
it is quite evident none of them penned
this rank editorial. I doubt very much
if bees will, at all times, go for a
scented person— one artificially per-
fumed. We have been told from in-
fancy that bees do not like the odor of
perspiration ; that that of the negro
and that of the horse are so obnoxious
to the bee that the oft'ending smells are
attacked with formic acid, not as a
neutralizer but as a killer. The fumes
diluted (carbolic acid) is used as we use
smoke to scare them into gorging
themselves with honey, thereby mak-
ing them good-natured.

I am not writing in defense of the
perfumed woman, fori abominate the
rank odor exhaled from some of these
misguided creatures. A little perfume
of a " genteel " variety may be ex-
cused. It may be said that the Creator
gave charming odors to some of the
fairest flowers, and that He would not
hinder those others of his dainty
flowers — fair femininity — from "lay-
ing on " themselves some of the odors
He saw fit to bestow upon the lily and
the rose.

Well, here is the editorial, without
further comment. It's long, but it is
worth reading :

The Bee ot Good Taste

Did You Know, Fair Lady, That He Will
Sting Anybody Using PERFrMERY?

The trusts, the earthquake, foreign riots
and all the rest of the news shall not prevent
our protesting occasionally against the dread-
ful insistent perfumes with which the women
of to-day disfigure themselves. In public
places suddenly an awful faintness comes over
the crowd. There is a moment of horror, of
gasping, and the dazed mind recognizes an-
other one of those big or little, or yellow or
black, or fat or thin women that wear the
terrific perfumes.

We are glad to be informed, and to publish

here, the fact that the self-respecting honey-
bee—that knows everything about real per-
tume—Jetests the artificial, hideoivs, high-smdl-
ini/ prudiict with which women make themselves

lerriblr.

The intelligent, sane, moral bee likes good,
clean tlowers. And it likes good, clean human
beings. You may go around its hive as much
as you please while you are normal and self-

Jan 10, 1907

American liee Journal

respectiDg — if you don't bother the combs or
the young ones.

But approach ihe bee-hive with any one of
these terrific, high-smelling " odors " or per-
fumes attached to your person, and the self-
respecting bees will pour out and sting you
until you leave.

One of our readers informs us that experi-
ment, often repeated, proves absolutely that
the bee will not tolerate the insult to flowers,
or to womanhood, implied in the wearing of
the abnormal and offensive perfumes.

Women, be guided by the wisdom of the
bee as you are inspired by that little animal's
industry. Be your ownselves. Be the nat-
ural flowers that Nature made you. Don't
allow anybody to peruade you to make your-
selves hideous with the perfumes that are a
hundred times worse than the noise of a
boiler-shop.

You wouldn't go around with a horrible,
clanging, banging wash-boiler or beating
drum to disturb the people. Then don't dis-
turb them with "perfumes'' more vicious
and unforgivable than the savage tomtom.
Be clean. Throw perfumery away.— *'««
J^ra7icisco Exayniner.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. X. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

fi years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfert. self -regnlating.
Hatch every ft.Tfile egg. Lowest
priced firet-clans hatchers made.
eEO. H. gTAUL, Qalncj, III.

Please iVtentlon Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Catalogne.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

RFF ROOK^*? Sent postp=<id hy
liXZt-4=C>\J\JV>.S George W.York & Co.

334 Dearborn Street, Chc4GO, III.

Colorado.— The 2"th annual convention
of the Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will be held at the Chamber of Com-
merce. Denver, on Tuesday and Wednesday,
Jan. 22 and '23, 1907. The convention opens
at 10 a m., Tuesday morning. A good pro-
gram is being arranged, and all bee-keepers
should be present. This is Stock Show week
in Denver, and a 1':, fare can be secured from
all parts of the Stale.

Ft. Collins, Colo. G. J. Tomlin, Sec.

New Jersey.— The New Jersey Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will meet at the State House,
Trenton, on Wednesday, Jan. 16, 1!)07, at
10:30 a.m. Addresses will be made by the
President, also by Chas. Stewart, foul brood
inspector, Sammonsville, N. Y. ; H. S. Ferry,
J. H. M. Cook, and others. Much attention
will be given to the Question-Box. All bee-
keepers, and especially ladies, are cordially
invited to attend. W. W. Case, rrex.

G. N. Wause, 8.h\

Nebraska. — The annual meeting of the
Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Experiment Building at the
State Farm, Lincoln, Nebr., Jan. 16, 1907. An
interesting program on practical subjects has
been prepared, and bee-keepers will be bene-
fited by attending.

Lillian E. Tbestsr, Hec.

Lincoln, Nebr.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mai
tor 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for SI. 10.
Address the office of the American Bee Jour-
nal.

Some Good GiuDDing Oilers

A good many subscriptions to the American Bee Journal should be renewed
at once. We wish to call special attention to the clubbing- ofiFers below, which
we are sure will commend themselves. The American Bee Journal one year
and your choice of one of the followinj;:

BOTH FOR

No. 1 — Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among
the Bees" (book alone, ?1.00) fl.80

No. 2— Prof. A. J. Cook's " Bee-Keeper's
Guide," (book alone, $1.'20) 2.00

No. 3— Dadant's " Langstroth on the
Honey-Bee," (book alone, «1.20) 2.00

No. 4— Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Rearing,"(cloth bound) bookalone, SI. 1.75

No. 5 — Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Rearing," (leatherette bound) book
alone, 75c 1.50

No. 6 — A Standard-Bred Untested Italian
Queen, next May or June (Queen
alone, 75c) 1.50

No. 7—" Novelty Fooket-Knife " with
your name and address on it (knife
alone, «1.2.5) 2 00

No. 8—" Wood Binder," for holding a
year's numbers (binder alone, '20c) .... 1.10

No. 9—" Emerson Binder," (stiff board)
binder alone, 75c

1.50

BOTH FOR

No. 10— Monette "Queen-Clipping De-
vice," (Device alone, 25c) $1.10

No. 11 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(cloth bound) book alone, 75c 1.50

No. 12 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(paper bound) book alone, 50c 1.30

No. 13— Root's "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
(book alone, .?1.30) 2.00

No. 14— A Gold Fountain Pen (Pen alone
-51.25) 2.00

No. 15 — "*rhe Honey-Money Stories,"
(book alone, 25c) 1.10

No. 16 — Maeterlinck's "Life of the Bee,"
(cloth bound) book alone, §1.40 2.25

No. 17 — 3 Bee-Songs — " Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom," "Buck-
wheat Cakes and Honey," and "The
Bee-Keepers' Lullaby," (each lOe or
3 for 25c) 1.10

No. 18— 50 copies " Honey as a Health-
Food," (alone, 70c) 1.50

Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn St.. CHICAGO, ILL.

.Vdvanoed Bee-Cultnre. Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
— The author of this work is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read his book; 330 pages; bound in
cloth, and beautifully illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Cnltnre, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Scientific Qneen-Rearing. as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
.\piary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I.nngrstroth on tlie Honey-Bee. revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is complete without
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth— the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey as a Healtli Food. — This is a
IC-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food." "n^ritten by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, ho^v to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 tor $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Among tlie Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 328
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
n small book, called "A Tear Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

'■The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet. 5?ixSi/4 inches-
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each octipyingr
a full page, but in different part's of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely, "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom," "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
.iect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or-
3 copies for 50 cents.

Jan. 10 1907

American ^ee Journal

ADVANCED
BEE-CULTUEE!

One uf the most dilHoult tasks of my life is
that of writiofj an advertisement of Advanced
Bee Culture, Be as modest as I can, it still
smacksof egotism — soundslike a parent prais-
ing his own child. If the book had been writ-
ten by some other man, the writing of an ad-
vertisement would be comparatively easy.
However, even at the risk of laying myself
open to ridicule, of becoming a laughing-
stock, I am going lo forget for own that I am
its author and publisher, and write as though
of another's work.

When IS years old I visited an apiary in
swarming-time; saw bees hanging in great
golden-brown clusters from the swaying
boughs of the old apple-tree; saw the snowy
white combs growing as by magic; saw the
waxen cells tilled with nectar, and inhaled
that sweetest of all perfumes — the odor from a
bee-hive in harvest time. I was filled through
and through with enthusiasm. Here was a
business that was most truly

The Poetry of Life.

I was that day born a bee-keeper. There was
no longer any doubt as to what should be my
life occupation. I at once began buying bee
books and journals, and visiting bee-keepers,
and studying the business from every possi-
ble standpoint. It was six years later before
I was able actually to engage in the business,
but I then possessed as thorough a theoretical
knowledge of bee-keeping as does a young
phvsician of medicine when he begins to
practise.

All this was 30 odd years ago ; and, since
then, I have

Run the Whole Gamut

of bee-keeping, time and time again. I have
practised all sorts of methods for artificial
increase. I have battled with the difficulties
ot natural swarming; I have produced tons
and tons of comb honey; have tried my hand
at extracted-honey production ; I have reared
and sold thousands and thousands of queens;
I have exhibited bees and honey for 15 con-
secutive years at from one to half a dozen
State fairs. I have wintered bees in all sorts
of ways, outdoors and in, in cellars and buried
in clampsl I have attended nearly all of the
conventions of a National character;

Visited Hundreds Bee-Keepers

in their homes, scattered from ocean to ocean
and from the lakes to the gulf. I have read
all the books and journals; for nearly twenty
years I have published the Review, enjoying
the confidence and correspondence of bee-
keepers scattered all over this country ; in
short, I have been a wide-awake, enthusias-
tic, practical, actual, workaday, bread-and-
butter bee-keeper all of these years, making
a living for myself, wife, and little ones, out
of bees.
' ADVANCED BEE CULTURE is the

Ripened Fruit

of these years of varied experience: it is the
crowning eflort of my life. I look upon it as
the best piece of work that I have ever done,

Lan^stroth «» the
**^ Honey-Bee

or, perhaps, ever wM do. It is written from ,
a bread-and-butter standpoint. It teaches i
how to make a living — yes, more than that.

Make Money Out of Bees.

From all these sources I have mentioned,
from my own experience, and that of the
men with whom 1 have associated, I have de-
scribed the most advanced, the hesl methods,
of keeping bees for t^rofit. I begin at the
opening of the year, and go through the sea-
son, step by step, touching briefly but clearly
and concisely, upon all of the most important
points, showing their relationship one to the
other, and how, joined together, they make a
perfect whole. If I could have had this book
twenty years ago, and followed its teachings,
I might now have

Been a Rich Man.

I say it fearlessly, because I kuon' that It is
true, that no practical bee-keeper can afford
not to read it. The courage, enthusiasm,
and inspiration alone will be worth more to
him than the cost of the book, to say nothing
of the more practical instructions. Many a
man fails from a lack of these very useful
qualities, and the perusal of Advanced Bee
Culture will do much to help in this respect.
One more point: A dozen years ago I tooL
up photography as a hobby, as a pastime. I
have studied it just as you have studied bee-
keeping. I have read journals and books on
the subjects, attended the conventions, etc. I
have lugged a large camera along with me all
over the United States and Canada, and used
it with loving care. Advanced Bee Culture
contains the

Gems of this Collection

of all these years — a collection that is simply
unapproachable in the line of apiculture.

The book is beautifully printed with clear,
large type, on heavy enameled paper. It is
bound in cloth of a bluish drab, and the front
cover embellished with a green vine of cloveria

Bee of Gold

sipping nectar from the snowy-white blos-
soms of the clover. Taken all in all, it is a
beautiful book.

If the advertising that I have done in the
past has not convinced you that you need the
book, then the fault is in the advertising ;
and, for this once, I have cut loose and said
just what I think of the book — I may never
do it again.

Price of the book, SI. ao, or the REVIEW
one year and the book for only S2.00.

Special Offer.

Just at present I am offering all of the back
numbers of this year freo to all who send
.*1.00 for 1907. In other words, you can get
the Review for 1906 and lOOT, and this book
for only S2. 00 1 1 know of no way in which
you can get so much helpful, practical, val-
uable apicultural information for so little
money.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pajjes, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-

structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for SI .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO. ILL

Wa Sbll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let ns quote jon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndation, etc, as we can save joa time and
(reietat. Beeswax WanUd ior Casb.

M. H. HUNT* SON.

Bell Branch, Watnk Co., Mich

Please tnentlon Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 10, 1907

American "Bee Journal

Make More Money

on Fruit Crops

Everyone who grows fruit, ivhetlier a large eoiii-
mertial growf r. or urie who has only a few fruit trefs,
a berry patvli or a frardcn. should be interested in
kiiosvinu hnw (o (ret tlie iiuml pinllt from liis <'i-.i)is.

ST <JOS£PH^ MISSOUR.I

is the only magazine in America which is devoted ox-
clujively to the interest of those wh<. ^row fruit. It is
handsomely iliustratea, and contains
from 36 to 76 pages each montli. It tcMs
all about fruit of all kinds— andnothing
but fruit — how to market, how to pack.
I'*ultivate. spray, prune, how to MAKE
MORE MONEY from your crops. Sample
copy eentfree. Regular price is adollar
a year, and each subscriberisentitled to

a choice of any one of our series of ten

Brother Jonathan Fruit Books — the best in existence.

Three Months Free

We are so confident The Fruit-Grower will please you
that We willsendittoyou three months absolutely free.
If, after three months, you like the paper, we will make
you a special offer for twelve months more. If you don't
likeit, notify us and we will take y>>ur nam e olf the
list. The three months will cost y.m nothing. We olfer
cash prizes for new subscribers — write for particulars.
Write your name and addre.'^s in blanks below ; mail to

The Fruit-Grower Co., Box 15, St. Joseph. Mo.

I accept your FREE three montli's trial offer. At
end of three months I will either pay for a year's sub-
scription or notify you to stop paper. In either event
there is to be NO charge for the three months' tiial.

Name

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and Otie-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting- to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W.D. SUPER (Routes) Jackson, nich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bdf^dinS in Second-hand

Machinery # Tanks

1 Steam Pump.

1 Large Butter-Mixer.

1 100-gal. Churn.

1 16-ft. bbl. Skids.

3 Wooden Vats— 8 to 16-ft. long, each.

50-ft. Heavy 1-in. Hose.

METAL TANKS

75-gal., SOO-gal, (metal with wood-jacket),
400-gal. and oOOgal.
For particulars, address,

H. M. ARND,

191 SuPKRiOR St., CHICAGO, ILL.

E^^t* ^qIa Fancy Basswood and Clover
rui ^ctlC MONEY in barrels or 60-poucd
cans. Sample, 10 cents, which may be deduct( d
when ordpiinjj.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,

52.\4t 4263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Mention Ree .loiirnal Yvhen Trrltliiie

your Refuse
from W ax-
Exf ract or

Do Not Burn

Send it lo rae, aad eet Tour cash.

ARCHIE L. COGQSHALL. Oroton, N. Y.
51A41 Please mention the Bee Jonraal

r)_„_,_'_-_ Best Wisconsin Sections,

nn rfi n ITlh ^^^ io:o-$4 oo; Nn.2-f3.40;

J^LLllJUi^U plain, 25c less. 7 percent
discount in Octobfr on Root's and Danz. Hives,
and utber Rooi's Goodp.

H. 6. DUBY. St. ANNE. III.
>len(iou flee Jouronl wben nTltlns.

American Bee Jonrnal
Novelty Pocket-Knife
Goid Fountain Pen

AH
for

$3.00

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The 31aterial entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife?— In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable iu
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
jl.25 for other fountain pens, it'a for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
Drone "^^^ Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. =^ size

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

|^~ Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
tor 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

MAKE GOOD irtONEY

In I'uiiHry liusini-'ss. i,)thf rs d.i it.

Why not you? Our bipiUustnited

book. ■•Protitable Poultry," tells

how to breed, hatch, feed, prow

and market to make lots of money.

Sl;irtsyouon the road to surctsa.

l)esciibfs most wonderful Poiiltiy

Farm in the world — 32 kindsof fowls.

Gives lowest prices on fowls, eggs.

Incubators, everything for Poultry.

Maik-tt for 4 cents in postact . Berry 3

^^Poultry Farm, Box 72, Clarinda, Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than, half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Otlicr sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of tlie Press making- the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.5(-\ any size wanted.

4SAtf

ADRIAIH GETAZt

KNOXVILI,E, TENN.

mention

FENCE f^^SS?^*

Madoof High Carbon colled wire. We
have no agents. SfUdlrect to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.

We pay all freight. Catalog shows 37
styles and luMk'htsof farm and poultry
fence. It's free, lin v direct. Write today

COILED SPRING FENCE GO.

Box S9 WINCHESTER, INDIANA.

Bee Journal irhen "vwrlting*

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail for
b«t 75 cents; or we will send it with the Bee
Joarnal for one year— both for only $1.50. It is
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as thej are received. If jou have
this •' Emerson" no further binding Is necei-
sary.

QEOROB W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Jan. 10, 1907

American Vee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
Tor 1907

It is profusely illustrated and on-
larfjed, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Hec-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years. J

Chicago, Dec. 7.— There is the usaalduUaess
in the hoaey-trade at this date O'^ing to most
of the retailers haviajf stocked up sufficiently
to carry them over the holidays; but the stocks
in the hands of the trade generally are below
the normal; hence prices are firm at ISia 16c for
No. 1 to fancy whi e comb, with off grades at
l@2c less: amber grades dull at U@l2c. Ex-
tracted white, firm at 8c for clover and bass-
wood; ambers, 6X<<l*VJ^c per pound. Beeswax,
30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Dec. 28— The demand for comb
honey is only fair with market well supplied;
market is almost bare of extracted, however,
and the demand very good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24-section cases, $3.25; No. 1, $3.00;
Extracted, white, per pound, 7^(S,sc; amber,
'i@'1%c. Beeswax, per pound, 25 cents.

C. C. CLEMONS& Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 8.— The market on comb
honey seems to be a little quiet; No. 1 sells
wholesale for 14.Vftc; retail by the case, 16c. Ex-
tracted firm; light amber in barrels, 6c; in
cans, 7c; white clover, 9,%c. Beeswax, 30c.

C. H.W. WBBKlt.

Philadelphia, Nov. S.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 7>^@8Hc;
light amber, 6!^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Dec, 3 —Comb hoasy is in good
demand, and No. 1 and fancy white stock
seems to be pretty well exhausted. Buckwheat
is in sufficient supply, also off grades of white,
to meet all demands, but there is no overstock
as yet. We quote fancy while at I5c; No. 1 at
13@l4c; No. 2 at 12c; buckwheat and amber at
lie per pound, according to quality and style
of package. Extracted is firm at unchanged
prices. California white sage, 8c; light amber,
at 7@6Jic; buckwheat, t»@6j6c. Beeswax steady
at 30c. HiLDRETH & Sroblkbn

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for r.K)7 now on lianfl.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST. ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteejl.

SAVE MONEY BD7mG FfiOM ME. ifA'^^t. ''''

A SpEcialDiscDiiat aa Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book your

Order for

1>A."«S, and C'Al CASIAAS

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

bred in separate apiarieS)
the4]iUL,l>l-:> VRI.-
LOWS, CAR^ilO-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denver, Oct. 20.— AH desirable lots of white
comb honey in double-tier cases have now oeen
shipped oat of this State, leaving only a few
cars of single-tier cases. The quality of this
year's crop was fine, better than for several
seasons. We quote our local market as fol-
lows: Strictly No. I white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, $3; ordinary No. 1 and off grade, $2.50 to
J2.75. Extracted, white, 6K@7Hc. Beeswax,
24c for average yellow delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Dec. ".—The honey market is in
a healthy condition, particularly extracted
honey. The demand being better than one year
ago. This is probably doe to the excitement
among those holders who are trying to inflate
the prices. We quote amber extracted honey
in barrels at 6@7j, according to the quality.
Fancy table honey in barrels and 60 lb. cans at
8@9c. The demand for comb honey has de-
creased, somewhat, owing to the season of the
year when the sale of that ariicle suffers. Our
prices of fancy white como honey, in a whole-
sale way, is 15@lbc. Choice yellow beeswax,
30c, delivered here,

Thb Fred W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12f(il3c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8(a)0c; amber, 6@Tc. Good average beeswax
sells here at$33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7J^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26W23c.

Thb Griggs Bros &. Nichols Co.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

Cash for Beeswax

Until further notice SOc cash paid lorpu r ,
yellow beeswax, delivered here.

FrankC.GIark, l47E.KinzieSt.Ghicago,lll.

Mention Bee Joarnal when vrrltlnSi

m

^ We will Buy and
I Sell

llONEY

SW of the different grades and kinds.

^» If you have any to dispose of, or if

^W you intend to buy, correspond

^1 with us.
Sfl We are always in the market

i Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHITE C'I.,0VI::R HO.^EY, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. N. Scott S Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

Catalog Free

39Atf 1004 East «Va!«h. Street, I.^UIAI^APOL,IS, Ii'M>.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

^^^^^» American IBec Journal

Jan. 10, 1907

. ^ -•• V / V

nientton Bee Journal rvlien wrftInK-

The Bee-Hive Clock

We have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzed-iretal Clock, called
"The Bee-Hive Clock." It is lOK inches
wide at the base, 9% inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand firmlj- on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
work, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-keeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like " The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from .?4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at 82.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year— both for only $3.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to get "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the

Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at $1.00 each, and we will send you this beau-
tiful " Bee-Hive Clock" FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 New Sub-
scribers (at $1.00 each) and 50 cents — $4.50
in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers (at $1.00
each) and *1.00— $4.00 in all. Or, 3 New
Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and $1.50—
$3.50 in all.

Only $2.50. f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
BeeHive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine " belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, "The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

A $4.00 CLOCK FOR $2.50 • withthe
American Bee Journal Botr/oT Only $3.00

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was conceived in tbe brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was not thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
ajd the hours " told off "' in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the flying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced by the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselfishly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of the old-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the old-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
will use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Millbb.

Address all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dcarbom St., CHICAGO, ILL.

r?^-

^^SJ^i

E Journal

47th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., JAN. 17, 1907

No. 3

m^rL^Mmm

Apiaky of Fked Hoffman, of Ashton, Iowa
(See page 46)

T^y 4>a|fe'

J

Apiaey of John Stevkns, of Churchill. England.

TWENTY=PAQE NUMBER

Jan. 17, 1907

American Vee Journal

PUBLISHED WEEKLT BT

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICeS.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
£1.00 a year, in the United Stiitea, Canada, and
Mexico: all other countries in ihe Postal Union. 60
cents a year extra for postape. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month towhich your subscription Ispa'.u.
For instance, "dec<>6" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19^,6.

SUBSCRIPTION RECBIPTS.~We do not send a
receipt fur money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

fldvertising Rate, m floate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than a inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.... S per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 "
62 " ....30 "

5pace Discounts.

lOOlines... Spercent
500 " ...10 "
lOOO " ...20 "
20OO " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riffhts.

ad.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
boney. .

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fhance, Platteville, WU.

jy If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
ubhsUers of ibe American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers'
Souvenir Postal Card

Prices, postpaid : 3 cards for 10 cents
(stamps or silver) , or fbee with tiie American
Bee Journal oneyearat SI. 00; 10 for 25 cents.
There is a blanlc space on the card about 2 by
2}4 inches in size for writing. Send all
orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - Chicago, III.

Big Profits in Capons

jCAPON

FTOOLS

O. F.Filliiie&8on,

Uaponizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with tree Instructions
postpaid J2.50. «»

kGape Worm Extractor 25c
Poultry Marker 25c

I French Killing Knife500

[Capon Book Free.

Philadelphia, Fa.

MeotluD Bee Journnl wbcD ivrltliiK.

Special Bargains

j(j» in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoifman

^ BROOD-FRAnES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.
^^ We are enlarging' our Factory and all of these goods have to be

^« moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by

IG§ writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that

^a will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not

^§ keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and

Jjf^ finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the

1^ apiary, and can save you money and delay at anytime of the season.

^g Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers

K« and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund

^g the money.

I Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Co.

^ JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

^ Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GoniD Founflatlon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for nest aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If Yoo Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
MoTEMBNT. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher
400;West23kd Strset, NEW YORK, N. Y.
3SAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-button
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it, Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttons
for $1.10. Address all orders to

OBORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods you can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Ple» Mention the American Bee Journal ^'^'" """"^

Advertlsars

Jan. 17, 1907

-^»^^S5^

■■X

■^M^

\

^\t

American l^ae Journal i

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnlfe
Gold Fountain Pen

J,

APPLE, PLUM & PEACH TREES
50 trees for $2.50

All are thrifty. wi'II-rontcd niid tniP-to-
iiM[iii', LtiiK'T (rccM ot api'l*'. )"-';ir. pciich
aud quinue at "livo and lut livf" pricrs.

Livc-Forcver Rose. 10c Each
Sninll frxiit vines, piniitfl. trees, orna-
iiM-ntal sliruhs our s|.(<ialty. Aspiira-
K"s roofN and INtplnrs at a liar^-ain.
Our ClKirh'H A. Orecn liaw a national n-pu-
talion fur In. nest iahctinir. packin^^ nrid
prrtdine. Aj ply by postal rard lur (in-fn's
Froe Piniit Guide and CataloL'; also a wara-
plo eopy of <ireeirs I5ii: Fruit Maga-
ziue— all niailrd free. Aildress,

<iUKEN'SNUKSKUV CO.,
BoxOim, Kochosler, N. T.

ITALIAN aiEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six,J5.00. Tested, $1,50 Dp.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. tLL. R.D. 1.

Mention Bee Journal irhen writing.

If you want the Bee-Book

THat covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremontp Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to the Trade.

COILED SPRING

FENCE

Closely Woven. Can not Sap.
Every wire and every twist la
a brace to all other wires and
twists full height of the fence.
Horse-high, Bull-strong, Pig-
tight. Every rod Kuaraiiteed.

30 DAYS FREE TRIAL

and pnM direct to farnu-r, freight
prepaid, at lowest factory price.
Our Catalogue tells how Wire
is made—how it is galvanized—
why some is good and some Is
bad. Its brimful of fence facts.
You should have this informa-
tion. Write for Ittoday. Its Free.

KITSELMAM BROSn

Bos 85

MUNCIE. INDIANA.

En^ravln^sForSale

■ ®

We are accumulating^ quite a stock of engrav*
ing-8 that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspaper?,
on their stationery^ or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and usln^ in our columns. If there is ar y
of our engravings that any one would like tc
have, just let us know and we will quote a ver>
low price, postpaid. Address, ^

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street.

CHICAGO, ILL

It is continuous advertising
tliat^ impresses the public
with'tlie stability of a firm."

All

for

$3.00

HOWARD M. MELBEE

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

JB-*-**^

Worker

Queen

NOVELTY POCKET-KNirE

([.Jame and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side )

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering-, be sure to say
just what name and adrlre&s you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. Ji will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife? — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lust, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $3.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

Drone

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler.

/3 size
We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the

weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

J^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)

for 20c; regular yearly price, ?1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., ChicaSo.lll.

MAKE GOOD mONEY

In I'nultry Imsint's.-;. iitherydoit.

Why not youy t.)ur tuKiilu.strated

bouli. "Protital^le Poultry," tella

how to breed, hatfli. feed, grow

and market to make lots of money.

Start:* you Mil the road to siK 'esa.

Describes most wonderful Pou'tiy

Farm in the world — 32 kinds of fov. la.

Gives lowest prices on fowls, egrgs.

Incubators, everything for Poultry.

Maili'it for 4 cents in postJi^'t. Berry's

Poultry Farm, Box 72, Clarinda, Iowa.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

45Atf

ADRIAN OETAZ,

KNOXVILLE, TENN,

FENCE S^"^'

Madeof High Carbon colled wire. We
have no agents. Seli dlre-.-t to user at
factory prices on 30 days free triaf.
We pay all freight. Catalog shows 37
Btylesand heli^htw of farm and poultry
fence. It's free. Buy direct. Writ* today

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

Box g9 WINCHESTER. INDIANA.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrben vrritlnar.

TheEmersoaBiDdei'

This Emerson stiif-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mall for
hut 75 cents; or we will send It with the Bee
Journal for one year— both for only J1.50. It is
fine thing to preserve the copies of the Jour-
nal as fast as they are received. If you haie
this •' Emerson" no further binding Is necea-
sary.

aeOROB W. YORK & CO.,

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

Jan. 17, 1907

American ^ee Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Photographic Competition

We are pleased to annouDce anolher series
ot prizes for the best photographs submitted
to us as described below, m two series,
American and Foreign, under thelfollowmg
conditions :

First —The competition opens January
15th, and closes October 1st, 1907. All pho-
tographs intended tor this competition must
be in our hands by the last-named date.

Second. -Competition tor these prizes is
limited to bee-keepers or some member ot the
family. Entries may be made for as many
different classes as may be ilesired.

Third.— A photograph entered in one class
can not be entered in any other class.

Fourth. — Each photograph should be
marked on the back with the name and full
address of the sender, and the class in which
it is entered. This is important.

Fifth.— In judging the photographs, the
general appearance, neatness, etc., of the api-
ary or exhibit, or yard, will be taken into
consideration. Photos may be sent un-
mounted. We rather prefer them this way,
and in a solio or reddish-brown if possible.
However, send such as you can get most

Sixth —With each of the photographs sub-
mitted we would like a brief statement of the
conditions under which the apiary was plio-
tographed or honey produced, or similar in-
formation regarding the photograph. Ihis
should be limited to about one hundred
words.

Seventh.— All photographs and corres-
pondence regan ing the same should be ad-
dressed to Advertising Department, Clean-
ings IN Bee CrLTURE, Medina, Ohio.

Eighth —We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards or withhold any award it
no photo worthy is entered in the class.

AMERICAN COMPETITION
(Including Canada and Mexico)

AND

FOREIGN COMPETITION

The following are the classes in which en-
tries may be made :

Class A.— Photographs of any apiary in
village, town, orcity.

Class B.— View ot an apiary not exceeding
six hives in town or city.

Class C. -Apiary in town or country of

not less ihan six hives or more than htty

hives. . ,

Class D.— Apiary in town or country ot

fifty hives or more.

Class E.— Photograph of comb honey pro-
duced by a single colony of bees ; not less
than ten sections, and this preferably in plain
sections. . ,_ , ,

Class F.— Photograph of a bee-keeper;s
home, showing some view of the apiary it
possible. The apiary need not be prominent
in the picture, however.

Class G.— Photographs of a crop of honey
from any number of colonies, six or more.

Class H.— Photographs of any apiarian ex-
hibit of bees, supplies, or honey taken at fairs
or shows of any kind.

Class I.— Photographs ot any work in the
bee-yard, such as hiving swarms, extracting,
or any other operations with the hive.

Class J— Photographs ot any other subject
relating to bee-keeping not classified above.

PRIZES

Value, Postpaid |
YiRSi —One leather-bound " A B C ot |

Bee Culture," 1907 English edition, or

cloth-bound French or German $i,00

Second.— One-half leather "A B C of ^_ i

Bee Culture," iy07 English edition l.io

Third.— One " How to Keep Bees" and

any two Swarthmore books l-aO

Fourth.— One full cloth-bound '-ABC

of Bee Culture," 1907 English edition. 1.20
Fifth.— One "How to Keep Bees," by

Anna Botstord Comstock 1-10

Sixth.— No. 1 bee-veil, all silk bO

Seventh.- No. Sbeeveil, silk face 5U

Eighth.— One illustrated book, " Bee

Culture in Foreign Countries " -pO

Ninth.— One Bee Model, Queen oO

Tenth.— One Bee Model, Drone oO

Ten prizes are oflered for each class: Ten
for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, etc.--
one hundred prizes tor American contest, and
one hundred prizes for the Foreign contest;
two hundred in all it that number of entries
are received, the prizes offered being identical
for each class for the American competition
and for the Foreign.

If the winner of any certain prize already
has the prize oflered, we will, on request from
him, furnish a selection of other items from
our catalogs, ot equal value.

Danzenbalter Prizes

It is to be regretted that so many bee-keep-
ers are satisfied to produce year after year a
very ordinary grade of honey as regards its
appearance, when by a little more care, and
having more suitable fixtures, and by taking
the honey from the hive at just the right time,
a much larger percentage of " fancy," or ''ex-
tra fancy " honey could be produced, which
would sell at a much higher price. Tbe ex-
perience of honey-merchants generally is that
there is no dilHculty in disposing of large
stocks of fancy or extra fancy, even when the
market is dull. It is the inferior grades that
suffer most at these times. We believe, too,
that bee-keepers would be very much better
satisfied with their season's work if their best
efforts were made to produce a really hue
product To increase further the interest in
extra fancy honey, the following prizes are
offered for honey produced in Danzenliaker
hives during the year 1907, under the follow-
ing conditions

FIRST —As above stated, the honey must
be produced in a Danzenbakerhive, either the
present style or any Danzenbaker hive that
has been put out within the last few years.
These hives may be had of any dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies in any part of the country.

SECOND —For Classes 1 and 2 we require
a shipment of approximately the amount
stated, to be made by the bee-keeper direct to
us at Medina. After the prizes have been
awarded the honey entered for competition
in Class 1 or 2 will be held subject to the in-
structions of the producer. We will sell it at
6 percent commission, or we will ship it to

any point direct by freight or express. There
being good honey markets in our immediate
vicinity, such as Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleve-
land, Buffalo, and Pittsburg, it can be dis-
posed of without difficulty at good market
prices, and the shipper will not have to lose a
good market by shipping it here. J^either
the honey awarded a prize nor that which ob-
tained no prize is to be our property, but will
be sold subject to the instructions of the pro-
ducer who sends it to us. We are interested
only in inspecting it to award the prizes.

THIRD.— For all honey submitted for prizes
we must have a definite statement from the
producer regarding the conditions under
which it was produced, whether a light or
heavy flow of honey, how the colony was
handled, how many colonies in the yard, from
what source produced, etc.

FOURTH.— For Classes 3, 4, and 5, we
must, in addition to the above report, have
the signature ot two witnesses, certifying to
the correctness of the report. If the party
who sends us the report for the competition
is well known to us we shall not require these
witnesses. References may be given instead
of the signature of witnesses if desired. All
parties intending to compete for these prizes
should send for blanks which we will furnish,
on which the report may be made out.

FIFTH.— It will be noticed in the last three
classes, three to five inclusive, that it is not
at all necessary to send us the honey— all we
require is a report.

SIXTH —We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards in each class, or to make
no awards in a class if there are no satisfac-
tory entries for the same.

SEVENTH.— No contestant will be awarded

more than one prize in each class, but may

make two entries if desired-one in Class 1 or

3, and another in Class 3, 4, or o.

' The classifications for the prizes are as fol-

°Clas8 1.— For best shipment of 200 lbs. of
comb honey in Danzenbaker sections.

Class 2.— For best case of comb honey in
Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3.— For best report of yield from
single colony in Danzenbaker hive.

Class 4.— For best report of yield from five
colonies in Danzenbaker hives.

Class .5.— Eor best report of general results
from use ot Danzenbaker hive.

For each class there will be ten prizes as
follows :

FlRST.-^lO.OO.

Second.— §7.00.

Third.— ?5.00.

Fourth.— ?2.00.

Fifth to Tenth.— Sl.OO each.

This is the time to decide to enter this com-
petition No matter where you live, whether
in the United States or elsewhere, you can
certainly find one class in which you can
make an entry ; and as there are ten prizes m
each class, we believe that no one will be
greatly disappointed in the results unless it is
ourselves, and we hope that we shall not be,
but see a large number of efl™^, Even "
Tou fail to get a prize, you will doubtless have
increased the value ot your own product by
your efforts to produce some big results or an
extra quality ot honey.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the Post-Offlcc at Chicaj;o a3 Second-Class Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by GeorRe W. Vork & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 17, 1907

Vol. XL VII— No, 3

■j^ editorial ^ofes
and Comments

.. ^Ste^eSi^fk-j^- -.-

Ordering Oovernment Publications

We have received the following relating to
the ordering of publications issued by the
Government at Washington, D. C. :

A mistaken idea seems to have gained cur-
rency amorg those making application for
Government publications, namely : that the
authors of publications should be addressed
personally, whereas all requests for such pub-
lications as are distributed free by the De-
partment of Agriculture should be addressed
to the Honorable Secretary of Agriculture;
or, in case of special publications, to the
chief of the bureau under whose direction the
publication was prepared. Those apicultural
bulletins which may be distributed free can
be obtained by addressing letters : Bureau of
Efitomohfjy, adding the words Apiculture and
also Cniled .'States Department vf Agriculture,
Publications to which a price has beeo at-
tached should be obtained directly from the
Superintendent of Documents, Government
Printing office, Washington, D. C.

Frank Bbnton.

Educating Consumers on Honey

We have often urged our readers to write
something on honey and its value as a food,
for their local newspapers. Quite a number
have done so, and have sent us copies after
publication. Dr. F. D. Clum, of Columbia
Co., N. Y., has done something in this line,
and wrote us as follows concerning it, under
dale of Jan. 4, I'JOT:

Editor York: — It may interest you to
learn that the largest and most successful
apiarist in this county is Mr. James McNeill.
He owns nearly .500 colonies of bees, nearly
200 of which he has in an out-apiary on my
land.

In supplying the local trade with honey it
was found that the great majority of people
knew so little about it that they raised "a
great hue and cry" about the honey being
Impure, because it granulated from effects of
cold. To counteract this, I wrote a few sim-
ple facts regarding honey, which the editor

of our leading county paper gladly published,
free of charge, in both his daily and weekly
edition. I think if the bee-keepers throughout
the United States would publish similarcom-
munications in the local papers, it would
greatly increase the sale and use of honey.
I enclose herewith the article referred to.
Yours very truly, F. D. Clum, M. D.

As what Dr. Clum has written is among
the best productions of its kind that we have
seen, we reproduce it here in full, so that all
may have a clear idea of the kind of honey-
information that should be placed before the
people if we would have them use more honey.
Here is what Dr. Clum wrote, and had pub"
lished in the Hudson, N. Y., Gazette:

Interesting Facts of Honey,

The production of honey in this county
and State is on the increase, and under mod-
ern methods has developed into a large busi-
ness, during the last few years, and yet the
general public know but little more about
honey than the fact that it is made by bees,
and is good to eat. They think " honey is
honey ' ' — all just alike — but this is a mistake.

How many people know that honey has as
many flavors as the Bowers from which it
comes i or that honey may be as colorless as
water, or as dark as black molasses? Honey
should never be kept in a cellar, and yet the
average housekeeper is apt to keep it there.
The majority of people call all liquid honey
"strained honey," while there is no such
thing on the market to-day. The old-time
'•strained honey " was obtained by crushing
the comb, bees, pollen and honey together,
then straining the mixture through a cheese-
cloth. This wasteful, disagreeable method is
not practised to-day by any up-to-date bee-
keeper who produces honey for market. Like
the old straw-skep, it has long since been
abandoned.

The liquid honey on the market to-day is
called " extracted honey." It is a much
liner and better article than the strained
honey of our grandfathers. Extracted honey
is taken from the comb by centrifugal force
without destroying or injuring the comb.
Many people prefer to buy honey in the comb

because it looks pretty, but the pure extracted
honey is really the most wholesome and nutri-
tious. The comb, when melted, is called
beeswax, and it not only has no nutritious
value as food, but is indigestible.

All liquid honey, if strictly pure, will
sooner or later become cloudy, granulated
and thickened, and if it becomes solid this is
one of the best proofs of its purity ; and yet,
the great majority of the public are not
aware of the fact, and think because the
honey looks " sugary " that it is adulterated.
It is a very serious matter to produce or sell
adulterated honey, and those who condemn a
man's honey as spurious, usually do not
know what they are talking about; thev are
not familiar with honey.

Those who buy extracted honey in a candied
or solidified state may rest assured that they
are getting a strictly pure article. Sugar
syrup or glucose, while it may thicken from
effects of cold, will not become solid like
pure honey.

Honey, both comb and extracted, should be
kept in a dry room as near summer tempera-
ture as possible. The mercury should not
fall below Go degrees Fahr. if it is desired to
keep the honey in perfect condition ; but
honey that is granulated and has become
thick and solid from the effects of cold, can
easily be made liquid again by placing the
vessel containing it in warm water and slowly
heating it over a fire. Some people heat and
liquefy a small quantity of honey in this way
whenever they desire to use It, and if care is
taken that the water does not boil, the honey
thus liquefied has the same delicate flavor as
when first removed from the hive.

Certain flavors do not suit ail tastes, and il;
is possible to find honey that has an unpleas-
ant taste to certain people; and then, again,
comb honey may acquire a disagreeable flavor
by being kept in a damp, musty cellar, and be
called spurious when strictly pure. The Gov-
ernment has three honey and bee inspectors
in the State of New York, and if any one in
this State purchases honey which he thinks
impure, let him make a complaint, and if it
is a just one. the producer and seller of the
impure honey will find that under the new
pure food law there are heavy penalties to
pay, or imprisonment.

Many hundred years before sugar was
known, honey was the chief sweet used by
the people, and it would be greatly to the
health of the present generation if honey
could be restored to its former place as a com-
mon article of diet, as it is the most whole-
some and delicious of all sweets, and contains
the most delicate of all flavors— that of the
flowers from which the nectar is taken.

F. D. Clcm, M. D.

Perhaps some may say, "O I can't write
anything as good as that !" Well, then try to
have Dr. Clum's article reprinted in your
local newspaper. Start by saying. Dr. F. D„

Jan. 17, 1907

American ^^e Journal

Clum, one of New York State's physicians,
■writes as follows in the Hudson, N. Y., Ga-
zette: Then let his article follow.

All bee-keepers need to " get busy " in this
way, and help not only themselves, but those
who would be benefited in their health by
eating honey as a daily food.

Starting New Bee=Papers

Occasionally we have remarked in these
columns that we thought it was very unwise
to start any more new bee-papers. At the
same time we could easily see that some peo-
ple imagined we spoke because of a jealous
feeling on our part— as if the American Bee
Journal feared any more competition. The
fact was, wr knew exactly what we were talk-
ing about, having had a good many years' ex-
perience in the bee-paper publishing line, and
the " other fellows " were talking or thinking
"through their hats."

To show that we are not alone in our views

concerning this matter, we quote from an
editorial in the December Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, written by W. Z. Hutchinson, who also
knows what be is sayinj^ when he puts him-
self on record in the following:

The plain fact is that the field of apicul-
tural journalism is now pretty well covered,
and a new journal, to succeed, should need to
be diffd-ent from the others, have an editor of
most decided ability, and "barrels" of
money. It is true 1 started the Review 30
years ago, with neither the money nor the
experience, and made a success of it; but
there were a number of peculiar factors in
the case that I won't take space to discuss.
I'll say this, however, it I should sell the Re-
view now for S5000, 1 would not, with that
amount of capital, and my 20 years of expe-
rience, think of such a thing as starting an-
other journal . . . .The same amount of money,
time and energy, put into straight honey-pro-
duction, would bring a much larger profit.

The occasion of the above utterance by Mr.
Hutchinson, was the announcement that the
Rural Bee-Keeper (published forabout 2 years
by W. H. Putnam, of Wisconsin) had recently
been transferred to the American Bee-Keeper.

(Miscellaneous
flews -Items

Bee-Keeping in Germany and Spain.

— C. B. Chevalier, of Maryland, sends the
following clipping taken from the Philadel-
phia Press for Nov. ", 1906 :

Germany has 1,910,000 colonies of bees,
which furnish 20,000 tons of honey in a
year ; while Spain comes second as a producer
of honey among European countries, with
1,690,000 colonies and 19,000 tons of honey.

A Misapprehension. — We find the fol-
lowing in a recent issue of the American Bee-
Keeper :

" The editor of the American Bee .Journal
refers to the American Bee-Keeper as ' a some-
what obscure publication I' "

No such reference was made in these col-
umns, Mr. Hill. The reference was to a
document of the United States House of Rep-
resentatives, which is so obscure that very
few probably know of its existence. It is to
be hoped that the American Bee-Keeper has a
much larger circulation, and that it is more
carefully read than will be the document re-
ferred to.

The Minnesota Bee»Keeper8, it

seems, divided into two organizations at their
meeting early in December, 1906. We have
received the following concerning the matter:

The inevitable has happened, and the Min-
nesota Bee-Keepers' Association, which has
had an existence for 18 years, has been
divided, and the old members have formed a
new society, which will be called "The Min-
nesota State Bee-Keepers' Society."
."The old constitution, under which we have
been working for years, did not take into ac-

count the ambitions of individuals, and
therefore, did not guard against any such
who wished to dominate the Association.

At the opening of our meeting, Dec. 5, an
element which for .3 years has been trying to
turn the Association into commercial chan-
nels, got control of the meeting, and a reso-
lution was then passed to admit pro.xy voting,
and the deed was done. The old offlcers and
members withdrew in a body, and formed a
new society ; and while we do not have the
old Dame, we do have most of the old mem-
bers, and we will have peace in the future.

The Minnesota State Bee-Keepers' Society
was organized Dec. 6, 1906. It is affiliated
with the Minnesota State Horticultural Asso-
ciation, and voted to join the National Bee-
Keepers' Association in a body. Its objects
are the promotion of scientific bee-keeping
and such legislation as may be of benefit to
the bee-keepers of Minnesota. It has 30
charter members, and every prospect of build-
ing up into a strong and useful society.

The offlcers elected for the coming year are :
L D. Leonard, President; Scott LaMont, 1st
Vice-President; J. M. Doudna, 2d Vice-
President; Rev. Chas D. Blaker, Minneapolis,
Sta. F, Secretary ; Mrs. Helen G. Acklin, Rev.
.1. Kimball, and .J. E. Stryker, Executive
Committee; and Mrs. W. 8. Wingate, Treas-
urer. L. D. Leonakd.

The Apiary ot John Stevens, of Eng-
land, is shown on the first page this week. It
was taken from a souvenir postal card. When
sending it, Dec. 3, 1906, Mr, Stevens wrote as
follows:

I am sending a photograph of my home api-
ary, for many recent improvements in which
I have to thank the American Bee Journal.

The past season was very fair in this
locality, my own "take" being the best I
have had in the last 0 or 7 years.

John Stbvens.

Von Hruschka and the Honey-Ex»
tractor are thus mentioned in a " Stray
Straw " in Gleanings in Bee Culture:

Major von Hruschka, the inventor of the
honey-extractor, born in Moravia, was an
officer of the Austrian army at Legnano, Italy.
His leisure was occupied with bee-keeping,
and one day he sent his little boy to the house
with a comb of honey on a plate in a hand-
basket. The boy whirled it about to get rid
of robber-bees. The lower side of the comb
was emptied, and the honey-extractor was
born. After the peace of 1866, von Hruschka
left the army, lived a while at Dolo, and then
at Venice, where he ran a big hotel. This
swamped him financially, and in May, 1888,
he died a poor man, forgotten by most bee-
keepers.

This little tribute is to awaken in the minds
of the younger members of the fraternity a
feeling of warm regard for one to whom we
owe so much.

Mr. J. Li. Patterson, one of the " Bee

Journal Family," had one of the most inter-
esting exhibits at the Fair, held in Augusta,
Ga., the past fall. He is one of the most en-
thusiastic and up.to-date apiarists of the
Savannah valley, and had in his exhibits some
very fine honey in the comb, as well as ex-
tracted honey and beeswax. He was awarded
two first prizes for these exhibits, which car-
ried with them a purse of S20. The honey
was of the best and finest ever seen in that
locality, and was the occasion for much
favorable comment during the week. So a
local newspaper reported.

Mr. J. T. Hillery, of Columbus, Ohio,
when renewing his subscription to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for 1907, enclosed these two
stanzas:

Enclosed you will find a dollar —

My renewal for " A. B. J. ;"
" I can not bear to lose " it.

For it cheers the lonely way.

And when we have a poor season
Like Nineteen-Hundred-and-Six,

The "A. B. J." encourages us
To press on and put in " best licks."

J. T. HiLLEBT.

The Apiary of Fred Hoffman. —

When sending the photograph of his apiary,
which is shown on the first page, Mr. Hoff-
man wrote thus :

I enclose a snapshot of a corner of my " bee-
orchard." This is my third year, and I have
20 colonies. We have a good country for
bees, as there is a great deal of white clover.
The hardest part is to winter bees here. I
had them up-stairsone winter, and also have a
small bee-house outside. I could not see any
diflerence in their wintering.

I have had many useful hints from the
American Bee Journal. Fred Hoffman.

Anierilcanisclie Uienenzucht,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

I

San Antonio Photograph. — We have
some of the San Antonio convention photo-
graphs, showing over 100 of those present at
the National convention. We are sending
them out in mailing-tubes at 60 cents each,
postpaid. Send orders to the ofHoe of the
American Bee Journal.

Jin. 17, 1907

■•^i^*;^ <(

AmeriCcin Hee Journal i

Drones' Flight— Building
Drone-Cells

BY DR. C. C. MILLER.

When a man puts up as good a fight
as does the Afterthinker on page 950
(1906), it's hartt for me to repress a
^feeling of sympathy, and certainly there
is more or less an inclination to capitu-
late to the enemy. But, as the enemy
says, "cause a pretty important one,"
and I musn't weakly give way to sen-
timent. So here's at you again, O mine
enemy, the Afterthinker !

"Neither swiftness nor numbers avail ;
and the queen does not lead off with
any great swiftness." I think that state- '
ment has the merit of originality. So
far as I remember, others have held the
opposite view. But if you know you're
right and they are wrong, Mr. Hasty,
your word goes a long ways with me.
Only I'd kind of like to know how you
know.

"The drone that wins is tlie one that
gets ready first." That's a new one, too.
Not so very unlikel}', though ; for the one
that's first ready is likely to start first.
Let us accept, then, that speed doesn't
count, nor numbers ; only being ready
first. Remains for you to satisfy the
court, Mr. Hasty, that an only son will
be ready sooner than any one of a
large family of brothers. " Among
plains-cattle the bull that can conquer
in fight wins." Sure ; but then you know
that if that same bull be stall-fed he'll
not conquer in fight. Doesn't pamper-
ing tend to loginess rather than prompt-
ness in readiness?

Without stopping to inquire how the
answer might affect either or both sides,
it might not be irrelevant right here to
inquire whether in reality there is any
shortage of rations on account of the
large number of male members in the
family; in other words, at the time when
drones are likely to be in demand, have
you any proof, Mr. Hasty, that there is
not ready for each and every drone all
and more than he is willing to eat?

"Now, Dr. Miller and his nice little
square of comb," etc. Who said any-
thing about "square" of comb? Did you
never hear of patching comb by cut-
ting out circular pieces with a cake-cut-
ter ? Pray, where, in that case, would
be your corners for j-our drone-cells,
Mr. Hasty? But I'll be on the square,
and admit that I've put in more square
than round patches ; indeed, I've put in
a big lot of the square ones. Then you
ask: "How on earth is he going to pre-
vent one drone-cell on each corner of
his sliced work?" and before I have time
to gather breath to tell how 'to prevent
it, you run right on with 4 drone-cells

on each side and gel a Gideon's band of
320 in a yard. Cool of you, isn't it?
What made you stop with the corners?
Why didn't you, while you were at it,
juiit as well assume that there would be
a whole row of drone-cells clear around
the patch ?

Before I answer your question as to
prevention, suppose I ask you a few
questions : Did you ever put in a square
patch of worker-comb in place of drone-
comb? And did the bees decorate the
corners with 8 drone-cells? Were there
4? Did you ever see one? Did you
ever hear of one?

While the stenographer is taking down
your answer to those questions, I'll an-
swer your question as to what I did to
prevent drone-cells when patching. I
never did anything. I just put in the
patches, and the bees did the rest. And
although I put in lots of patches, I do
not rememljer to have seen one single
drone-cell as corner-work. And I feel
pretty sure that if there had been one I
should have noticed it; and just as sure
that I would have remembered it. A
sealed drone-cell among worker-cells is
somewhat conspicuous. Now, it would
be just like you to ask why the bees
didn't build any drone-cells in those cor-
ners; but I'm not obliged to answer that
question. Maybe they didn't have room ;
maybe they're not in the habit of putting
in a single odd cell; I don't know; the
important thing is that they don't — at
least not "in this locality."

You say, Mr. Hasty : "Slicing patches
of drone-cells is not very difficult; but
getting all the scattered single ones is
desperately difficult * * * *. The work
is disagreeable as well as long." That
makes me wish very much I could look
through some of your hives : I'm sure
you'd allow me for that length of time
if I came under a flag of truce. For it
would be something in the line of a
curiosity for me to see single drone-cells
scattered about through a hive. I can
stretch my imagination far enough to
suppose that a colony with a mania for
producing drones, if it had all its combs
filled with worker-bees, might, in its
desperation, try to get a cell or two
wherever there was a chance ; but I
never yet saw a case in which there
was any such scattering. You know
that G. M. Doolittle advises an inch or
two square of drone-comb left in one
comb, saying, if I remember rightly, that
that will satisfy the bees so they will
build no Tnoro. And then if you come
and look through my hives — I'll let you
come without the flag of truce — I'll show
you comb after comb, nearly all of my
combs, where \ou'll not find a cell, even
with your "specs" on. But some combs
have patches in spite of me : holes have
in some way got in, and have been filled

with drone-comb, and I've beentoonegli-
V,' lit to patch them. Hut a patch or two
111 I aoh hive is all you're likely to find,
with none in the other combs.

I've turned somersaults in my life-
time before this, and it is among the
possibilities that the time may come
when instead of discouraging drones of
poor stock I shall believe in allowing a
lot of drones in all but best colonies,
and limiting the number in the best; but
I'll wait to hear from you again, Mr.
Hasty, before embracing that doctrine.

Fumigating Foul-Broody
Combs with Formal-
dehyde

By DAVID J. WEST.

On page 884 (1906), the question was
asked, "Has fumigation of brood-combs
exposed in a tight room ever been tried
on foul-broody combs with formalde-
hyde?" One answer was "Yes, and as
a rule not successful." Another answer
was, "It will never be a success in an
apiary." We have used formaldehyde
on foul-broody combs with good suc-
cess, and have cured many sets of combs
of the disease, and, without doubt, now
have a hundred colonies on combs that
were once affected with foul or black
brood.

We have several ways of treating foul
brood, but when we wish to use tiie
combs again, we shake the bees into a
clean hive on starters for 3 to 5 days,
then take out the starters and put in
foundation, which will usually free the
bees of the disease.

To free the combs of the disease, we
stack them 3 or 4 hives high, on a col-
ony that is slightly diseased — so as not to
carry the disease farther — with a queen-
excluder on to keep the queen- in her
own hive, and use the combs that sea-
son for extracting combs. This saves
the good brood, and makes a strong col-
ony, which will clean the combs of the
bad brood and fill them with honey.
The combs are extracted as often as
needed, and, after the harvest are left
to be cleaned out by the bees.

Then we place the combs in an air-
tight box, which holds about 100 combs,
and fumigate them from 20 to 40 min-
utes with water and formaldehyde mixed
in equal parts. About one quart of
formaldehyde and water is placed in a
galvanized kerosene-can, and the gas or
steam is led through the spout and a
small rubber hose into the box of combs.
The kerosene-can is heated by a 2-wick
oil-stove, which sends out a lot of steam,
and two such arrangements are used
at the same time in fumigating the one
box of combs. After fumigating the box
of combs, the box is left air-tight for
about 24 hours. Then the combs are
taken out and well aired, and put away
to use the next season to catch swarms
on, or to use for anything we wish.

This way does not always prove a
success, but usually does if care enough
is taken to give the combs a good fumi-
gating, and the combs are not too aiv-
fully bad with disease..

I ought to know something about doc-
toring foul brood, as we have had foul
brood in our county for 8 years. And

Jan. 17, 1907

American lee Journal

mj' father is a New York State Inspec-
tor of bee-diseases, etc. And we have
532 colonies of bees, fall count, which
gave us over lo tons of coinb honey this
year, which went to marlcet in October.
Middleburg. X. Y.

Native Bee- Keeping in East
Africa

BY F, GREINER,

Saeuberlich, a missionary, who has
been among the negro people of Africa
for iS years, tells in "Die Biene" what he
has observed during these years in re-
gard to bee-keeping. The following is
an extract :

The African bee is very light in color
and slightly smaller than the Italian, and
the brown or German bee. As to the
stinging propensity, it is about on a par
with the latter.

The kind of apiculture I am about to
describe is probably nearly as old as the
hills. The son learns from the father,
and nothing new is added. As in other
parts of the world, hollow trees are
favorite places for bees to build their
combs. The trees being large, and the
timber hard, it required much time and
expenditure of labor to obtain the sweet,
particularly as the negro's tools are very
inferior, consisting only of a small ax
tied to the helve with a piece of rhi-
noceros skin.

Although the negro does not econo-
mize in time, yet he must have come to
the conclusion that it would be an ad-
vantage to furnish the bees such hives
as would make it easier for him to se-
cure his harvest. Advanced apiculture,
therefore, consists in putting out decoy
hives, and robbing them when they have
become inhabited and are filled.

The manner of making hives is very
laborious and the process slow. A saw
being unknown, all the cutting is done
with the aforesaid ax, and another tool
similar to a carpenter's adz, but smaller.
The latter is used in hollowing out log-
gums, and is made in similar fashion
as the ax, tied to the handle by means
of rhinoceros or hippopotamus skin.

Soft-wood timbers are naturally pre-
ferred by the natives for hive-purposes.
The logs are cut in 3-foot lengths, then
peeled, and eventually excavated or hol-
lowed out. It requires several days'
work to hollow out one hive. At first
this work is done roughly, and when in
this condition the log-gums are trans-
ported to the village. Here they are
finished up and made very smooth, in-
side as well as outside. The cover and
bottom are fastened on with wooden
pins. It is a most tedious process to
work the "boards" out of logs, with
the tools described.

A hole about 2 inches square is cut
into each hive for an entrance near the
center of it, and then it is ready to be
put in some tree, often many miles from
home. Each hive bears the mark of the
owner, and this may be seen from a
distance. It is usually recognized by
the natives as evidences of ownership.
Some of these "bee-keepers" own as
many as 200 such liives, of which, how-
ever, seldom more than half are occu-
pied b}' bees.

Two methods are practised to fasten
the hives up in the trees. Some prefer
to hang them up b\ means of ropes ;
others select a favor.ible spot on two
stout limbs, then pin the hive to the
tree.

In the putting up of these hives care
is taken so to fasten them that neither
wind nor quadruped animals can upset
them. A certain four-footed animal, the
size of a ground-hog. or larger, is very
eager for honey and wax, and is apt to
visit these hives. As expert climbers
it is an easy matter to reach them. They
will then upset them if they can, and
help themselves to the broken comb,
then on the ground. The natives sel-
dom place more than 2 or 3 hives in
one tree, generally only one. This work
is done in September or October.

Towards the end of October the rainy
season commences, and soon the ground
is covered with grasses and flowers. The
honey season is at hand. Usually the
rain occurs at night. There is neither
cold nor winds, and the bees work 12
hours uninterruptedly, day after day.
After the beginning of this honey sea-
son we can see swarms of bees going
over our heads every day. Occasion-
ally the attempt is made to hive a swarm,
but only about one in 20 will stay. It
is difficult to say why this is so.

With the beginning of January the
real honey harvest commences ; it lasts
till July, and immense quantities of
honey are stored by the bees. The na-
tives never "tackle" a bee-hive till after
sun-down. A bee-hat is unknown among
them ; it would be useless, anyway, as
the face is only a very small part of the
vulnerable portion of their bodies. When
robbing the hives a torch-light is used,
and a large portion of the bees are nat-
urally burned. In consequence many a
colony is thus totally ruined. The ma-
jority of hives are lowered to the ground
by means of ropes before robbing them,
and put up again afterward.

When the more distant hives are to be
(mal) treated, caravans of from 10 to 20
men and women start out and are many
days on their way. The combs are
mashed down and put up in barrels and
bags, consequently the honey contains
many impurities, dead bees, etc. The
barrels are of wood, covered and bot-
tomed with buffalo skin. The bags are
made of goat-skins, which have seen
long use as bedding previously. Recep-
tacles for honey are never washed. It
would be contrary to the common uses.

Much of the honey is made up into
wine, ot ivhich the native is very fon<i
The men who climb the trees to obtain
the honey from the hives are often
well under the influence of this honey-
wine, when doing the work, and it is
no rare occurrence that some of them,
on this account, have serious accidents
happen to them by way of falling, break-
ing their limbs, etc. — Information from
Deutsche Bienenzucht,

Best Size of Honey-Sections

BY K, E, .MKRRILL.

I have read with great pleasure the
articles by Mr. T. K. Massie, page 783
(1906) and L. 'V. Ricketts on page 8

(1907), on the subject of best size for
honey-sections. I would like to see a
sample of a section for comb honey that
will actually hold 2 pounds, with sepa-
rator or fence, but would prefer one
plain, for, from the e.xperience I have
had with sections, I prefer the former.
The fence separators cost more than the
slotted wood, and as Mr. ^lassie says,
"Some of them are verj' flimsily made
and do not last long." However, it is
rather difficult to say which section I
would prefer, for we have always used
the 2-bee-wa\' sections, and I have con-
sidered the matter very much.

I have concluded that a comb thick
enough and large enough to weigh 2
pounds instead of one pound would be
much better, either in the plain or bee-
way section. All considered, I think
it would be the best size of honey-sec-
tion, and as coming as 'near the average
as can be. Instead of 16 ounces, have
32 ounces as near the average as possi-
ble, although it is rather difficult for me
or any bee-keepers in this country or
any other country to select a section,
(or a weight for a section), to be the
e.xact number of ounces the same all the
way through a crop. Of course, it would
be different, if we bee-keepers could
govern so as to make things suit us,
but as we can not, and haven't the
power to confine the bees to a certain
size section, we will have to be satis-
fied fully with what they do for us.

The sections we are now using are
the 4^x4^x1^, bee-way sections, and
weigh an average of onlj- 142-3 ounces
when filled as stated. Now the question
is, Would it not be better for both the
producer and the consumer, if bee-keep-
ers in general would adopt a section
which, when filled as mentioned, would
average 32 ounces, or 2 pounds each, or
1,000 sections to weigh a ton, or a very
few pounds more or less, instead of be-
ing 150 or 250 pounds over. Short
weight is not an advantage to the bee-
keeper with the sections now in general
use, or the sections we are using, as
above mentioned. We have to give about
120 sections for 100 pounds of honey by
weight. The question is, Would it be
best to make such a change?, and if best,
then what size of section should we
adopt?

Having very carefully considered the
matter from my standpoint, I have come
to the conclusion that there is no bet-
ter size of sections than one that would
hold as nearly 2 pounds as possible, or i
ounce over. For me, I would think it
would be very advisable, less work and
less expense to the bee-keeper in gen-
eral, if we could adopt a section of this
kind. Of course we would all have to
make some changes in our supply line,
such as supers and shipping-cases, but,
as far as I am concerned, I think I
would save big money in the end. As
for supers, I suppose they would have
to be a little higher, hold less sections,
contain more honey, or double the
amount of honey ; and we would have
to change our shipping-cases to fit the
new style of section, or a section, when
fully completed, weighing 2 pounds.

I think all bee-keepers should consider
the matter as to the expense of pro-
ducing comb honey in 2-pound sections,
instead of I -pound.

Jan. 17, 1907

American Hee Journal

Bee-Stories -Report for
1906

BY WM. STOI-LKY.

I send a clippiiiK from a St. Louis
daily papci', aiul the translation into
Knglisli also. Here it is;

Bees in a Funekal Procession.
Dcs Moines, Iowa, Nov. 13. — Bees at
Wall Lake, Iowa, have sliown that they
are capahle of being attached to their
keeper, when Oliver J. Seer died, in a
very reniark;d)le way. Seer was a bee-
keeper and habitually worked among his
bees w'ith bare hands and unprotectcii
face. His bees followed him wherever
he went ou' his premises and into his
workshop, without attempting to sting
him. In winter, when winter stores
gave out, Seer fed them witli sugar sy-
rup and rye-meal, and covered them with
woolen blankets to keep them warm. On
the day when Seer was buried, his bees
swarmed about and around the hearse
and thousands of them followed the
hearse to the graveyard. Several colo-
nies swarmed out of their hives and
were found on trees in the graveyard
near the grave of Seer, their former
owner. — ircsllichc Post.

Now, what next? Here it is:

The foregoing seems hardly to be
taken as truth, but I can pen another
story about my ow-n bees, that is — every
word of it — as true as the above, and I
think, proves beyond a reasonable doubt,
that bees, even if they are not of the
superior Red Clover "strain" are pos-
sessed of not only keen discrimination,
but they morally entertain lofty no-
tions, and by their actions prove that
they hate liars.

Among the many people who visit
my place, and quite often take a look
at my well-kept apiary in the summer
season, it sometimes happens that a
newspaper reporter is among these visi-
tors. And strange as it seems to be,
my bees seem to know at once when one
of them is about. Yes, it is a joy to see
the bees go for these fellows.

We know that bees are prompted a
good deal in their action by their sense
of smell, and that explains probably that
they recognize the reporter at once as
soon as he has entered the bee-yard.
I am somewhat inclined to think that it
is the liar's smell that enables the bees
to hit the right man. My bees at once
swarm about the head and right hand of
a reporter, and I have seen one of these
chaps with a light, sandy mustache,
where the bees covered it in a big
cluster so that it appeared as a big
black Russian beard. The bees were evi-
dently all scrambling for a chance to
put their stingers into that fellow's
tongue. His right hand was just brist-
ling with stingers, and for two weeks
he could not write and report absolute
nonsense to his newspaper; but after he
got over it, so I learned, he went on
lying as usual.

Report for the Season of 1906.

When my report reaches you in Chi-
cago, I hope that you. Mr. Editor, have
returned to your sanctum all right, with
sound limbs, invigorated and refreshed
in spirit, and that you and your bee-
keeping traveling-companions, have en-

jojcd your inp South, relished the vari-
ous Mexiciii spicy dishes, and were pru-
dent cnoUKh to avoid drinking the
"cistern w.iiers" to appease your thirst,
naturally ere.ited by these highly-sea-
soned meals. I refrain from suggest-
ing other drinks instead as very whole-
some, for fe.ir that that might hurt my
reputation, but I am sure that I know
something more .safe and palatable to
take. However, if you did drink cistern
water, while down in Texas, I hope
you escaped carrying home malaria
fever and t.ipe-worms. I am very well
acquainted with Southern life, and I am
free to say, "1 like it."

I very much regret that unavoidable
circumstances prevented my going, as
much as I would have liked to be with
you and participate. Well, soon "the
Old Reliable" will divulge, I siippose,
and tell us about all that was going on
down there in San Antonio, and, no
doubt, it will be interesting reading
for us who had to stay at home. Many
will enjoy reading it when zero weather
rules supreme, and the snow - storms
sweep over this Northern section of our
great country.

My report for the last passed season
of 1906 will be short and to the point.
After selling 5 colonies for $40 last
spring, I had but 27 colonies left. These
I increased by the nucleus plan to 42
fine colonies, rearing at the same time
31 first-class young queens.

I took 2710 pounds of honey, of
which 235 pounds were in sections from
3 colonies. The rest was all extracted.
My best colony gave tne 153 pounds of
extracted surplus, and the queen of this
colony was hatched June 10, 1902. I
do believe in "long-lived stock," and I
never kill a "real good queen" as long
as she fills her hive with bees, from
early spring and late into fall. I would
much rather have a queenless colony in
the spring, once in a while, than to make
a rule to kill all queens wdien they are
but 2 or 3 years old. My queens must
show decline and weakness, i. e., ap-
proaching barrenness, before I pinch
their heads otT.

I also got 42 pounds of fine bright-
colored wax from cappings.

We had but 20 inches of rain the past
season, while we had all of 40 inches
in 1905.

Last spring (1906) I bought 25
pounds of what was to be yellow sweet
clover seed, and sowed it on March 31.
The seed grew well, and I had the very
unexpected pleasure to see it begin to
bloom on June 8, only 69 or 70 days
after I scattered the seed. Soon all w;as
a mass of yellow bloom, but — not a sin-
gle bee ever visited this strange "yel-
low sweet clover bloom." According to
what I knew of the yellow variety of
sweet clover, it would not bloom the
first year, but would, like Melilotus alba
(white sweet clover), bloom the sec-
ond year and then die, root and branch.

I have had some correspondence with
my highly-respected lady friend, Mrs. A.
L. Amos, who is known to have grown
yellow sweet clover for years, and this
lady wrote to me : "Seed of sweet clover
sown in March never blooms until the
following season, and then not so early
as that bloiimed for you." Mrs. Amos
very kindly sent me quite a package of

the genuine sweet clover seed, which I
have sown this day, but I do not ex-
pect any bloom of it uiuil the mi<ldlc
of the month of June, 1908. 1 suppose
that the firm from whom 1 got seed had
been imposed upon by some one, who
sold this seed to them, and passed it
off as "yellow sweet clover seed," and
I hope that they will look the matter up.

The seed sent me most certainly was
not yellow sweet clover seed, and since
bees seem not to take to it at all, and
the plants appear to be dead now, the
$3.05 that the seed cost me, is a dead
loss, unless it is made good to me. I
never saw any kind of seed grow as
readily, and bloom so willingly and pro-
fusely, and the plant, after blooming,
die so speedily, as this new-fangled "yel-
low sweet clover seed." It looks and
smells all right, but, after all, it is not
all right.

Certain Red Clover queens are report-
ed as a "very extraordinary, superior
strain of bees." Now, if there is also
a strain of "Yellow Sweet Clover
Queens" whose workers understand how
to get nectar out of this new-fangled
yellow sweet clover, I would like to get
a queen of that very remarkable strain,
provided, however, such a queen is guar-
anteed to produce worker-bees that will
store honey obtained from this ne\y-
fangled yellow sweet clover, and will
not cost "more than $100 for one queen!

I wonder if we ever will find out what
kind of stuff that yellow sweet clover
seed was. anvhow.

Grand Island, Neb., Nov. 15, 1906.

Hive-Lifting Devices
Protection

Super-

BY GRANT STANLEY.

Quite a considerable space in the Sep-
tember 1st issue of Gleanings in Bee-
Culture is devoted to hive-lifting de-
vices, of which several illustrations are
presented. The bee-industry has grown
to such proportions that an invention of
this kind is a necessity in the apiary.
It is certainly hard work to lift 3 or
4 partly filled supers of honey, and place
thein on the ground, in order to exam-
ine the brood-chainber, and if many
colonies are to be thus gone over the
work becomes burdensome. It matters
little if we can do this kind of work or
not ; if we can have an inventioit that
will do it so tnuch easier it surely en-
ables us to do more work, and in busi-
ness of every description men are en-
deavoring to invent methods by which
the maximum result can be obtained
with a minimum of labor.

But while we are thinking about hive-
lifting devices, we should have one pos-
sessing as many practical features as
possible. W'e not only want an inven-
tion to be used in hive-lifting and re-
moving supers, but it should be so con-
structed that the supers of honey can
be wheeled right to the honey-house
when removed from the hives, and empty
supers wheeled out. We also need this
invention in wheeling our bees to the
cellar in wintering, and to wheel them
out again in the spring. If for anj' rea-
son the bee-keeper desires to move colo-
nies from one part of the apiary to the

American l^ee Journal

Jan. 17, 1907

other, placing nuclei in various parts
of the apiary, wheeling out winter-cases
in preparing bees for wintering on the
summer stands, and wheeling them away
again in spring, or where tiie bee-keeper
depends upon natural swarming for his
increase, and hives the swarms where
they cluster, the swarms can then be
wheeled to the stands prepared in ad-
vance and placed on them with very lit-
tle labor.

The wheels should be sufficiently large
so that it will run fairly easy with a
number of heavy supers of honey, and
should be wide enough so that it will not
upset if the ground is not perfectly level.
Whether the bee-keeper uses such a
device or not, it will be found a great
convenience in many instances to have
the apiary graded.

Better Super-Protection.

_ In one feature, in comb-honey produc-
tion, at least, it can be said locality plays
no part, as I believe it will be found in
all localities, and that is, the rows of
center sections in the super will be
sealed over much sooner than the two
outside rovvs. In fact, in many in-
stances, it is a hard matter to get the
bees to seal over these outside rows, and
as a result of this kind of experience
for a number of years, I have spent
considerable thought in trying to find
the cause, and at the same time solve
a way to prevent it.

Here is another thing: When there
are 2 or 3 supers of sections on the hive
at the same time in course of comple-
tion, the outside rows in the lower su-
pers would be sealed over as well as
those in the center. Now why is this?
In removing a super of filled sections the
past season by the use of a bee-escape
board, I let this board remain on top
of the super under the one removed un-
til the ne.xt examination, and, though
this was only a few davs later, to my
surprise I also found this super all filled
and sealed over ready to come off, and
even the outside rows being sealed. I
believe this was due, largely, to the bees
sealing this board down solid, barring
out the light and currents of air, as no
other colonies made such rapid gains at
storing. I am of the opinion the reason
bees will seal the outside rows in the
under supers, and not do it on top, or
under the roof, is because it is further
away from the light and currents of
cool night air.

It should be remembered that bees
can gather and store honey when it is
too cool to work at comb-building or
sealing, and for this reason (for I be-
lieve this is the chief cause), we should
provide much better protection to the
top of the hive in order to retain the
warmth. There is entirely too much
warm air going out, and cool air com-
ing in. and as most comb-building is
done during the night, this is also when
the supers are the coolest if no protec-
tion is provided. For this very reason
many bee-keepers use a telescope cover,
as by the use of a deep cover of this
kind the heat can not escape nearly so
rapidly. During the storing season is
also when brood-rearing is the heav-
iest, and on cool nights the bees will
leave the supers and go down below in

order to prevent a possible loss to the
brood, if the matter of warmth has not
been attended to.

I believe we will secure better re-
sults by giving much better super-pro-
protection during the honey harvest.

than by ventilating at the top of the
hive. The entrance is the proper place
to ventilate. It must be a faulty hive
that must be ventilated at the top in
our Northern latitudes.
Nisbet, Pa.

CuuviucLcd hy i^.uAiA M. VV ILau^i, AittlcD^U, ii

Keeping Bees and Poultry

Dear Miss Wilson : — I wonder if the
sisters all want to "talk back" every
week when the American Bee Journal
arrives, as much as does the "Mistress
of Clovernook." Also, if they promise
themselves that they will, and then —
don't.

About every week since you "called
me down"' on my emergency-cell busi-
ness written for Poultry Husbandry, I've
tried to find the leisure to "have it out
with you;" but, alas, by now all the bril-
liant things I have been concocting and
treasuring up to rout you with com-
pletely, would at this late hour prove
but flat, uninteresting stuff to read. So
Father Time draws the sting and dulls
the venom.

Really, though, it is very hard for
amateurs to write correctly on bees; to
express exactly so as to convey what
they mean to our readers.

I've been tasked with a lack of inter-
est in my bees as compared with my
poultry, because I so seldom write con-
cerning this very important branch of
Clovernook. I tell them that I'm "scart"
to ; that bee men and women are very
quick to "catch on" to our inaccuracy
and bring us up standing, while I can
reel off miles of poultry-lore in blissful
security. It seems to make no differ-
ence what I or anyone else says — all is
silently accepted. Those who know may
smile, but do not correct the error, and
those who don't know, will, ultimately,
at a costly price.

That is one reason why I'm especially
fond and proud of the bee-keeping fra-
ternity. There is a largeness of scope
and a scientific pride that is above mere
mercenarj' consideration, and a broad
truthfulness is demanded and exacted.

Now after all this bouquet throwing,
let us have another whack at "Bees and
Poultry," as discussed in our own cor-
ner on Dec. 6, 1906.

I'm not so sure as I was then, or 4
years ago, that the two industries work
well together, and can be conducted so
that the bees do not suffer. At that
time, I was sure that certain persons
who advocated bees as a specialty were
wrong. It now seems to me that while
a limited number of fowls and of colo-
nies work all right, as a side-issue — for

pin-money — where a living is to be made
from the two, it is hard to give the bees
a fair show. And this for the reason
that poultry is so clamorous for atten-
tion, and the neglect shows up so quick-
ly and fatally in results, and the routine
of care so constant and every day and
three times a day (the bee-work being
sandwiched in between whiles). It is
quite likely on the days favorable for
opening up the hives, that some impera-
tive demand of the fowls must be met.
So time slips by, and when our honey
crop is in, we wonder why it is so
light, and are chagrined at the inroads
made by moths, and at other mischief
which shows up.

It works somewhat after the fashion
of a good and a bad child. The bad
one absorbs three times the care of the
good one, and the needs of the good one
and its rights are too often sacrificed. I
don't think any one can exaggerate the
"cursedness' that there is in a chicken,
nor the arduousness of the work en-
tailed in caring for them under certain
conditions, nor the slimness of the re-
turn for labor and money expended.
On the other hand, where "chicken na-
ture" is intelligently studied, the oc-
cupation is fairly remunerative, and
fairly easy, and fairly pleasant. But as
compared with bees, it is not in it ! I
think Sister Williams hits the nail on
the head when she says, "If I should
do the work that is most agreeable, I
would take bees, every time, and be-
lieve they can be made to pay quite as
well, if not better than chickens."

My experience is that, given the right
locality and conditions for pasturage,
and the proper care, a good living can
be made with bees alone, providing the
local market is not hurt or glutted by
precipitating the crop on it at once, and
by inferior grade of honey.

I have run bees and poultry for 12
years, and not a single season has
drawn to its close but I've felt guilty
of neglect to my bees, and have prom-
ised myself that it was the last time.
And I've tried to plan the work so as to
do justice to them, but have never suc-
ceeded. The past fall I decided to give
up the White Wyandotte branch of
Clovernook's business, in favor of the
bees, and have farmed out 22 of our
White Holland turkevs ; so that next

Jan. 17, 1907

American Hee Journal k

year wc li.ivc practically only ducks
and bees to care for, in live stock, and
the fruit and writing. So again I feel
hopeful of unhurried, happy hours with
my bees next year. Wc have recently
not had nearly so large a crop of honey
as in seasons past. 1 think that the
young apple-trees have grown so as to
shade our bee-yard too much, and
that the felling of the basswoods and
other varieties in our neighborhood,
tend to lighten the crop. Also that per-
haps our yard needs rcqueening. It may
be "run down," as they are native bees
with a cross of Italians about 20 years
ago.

I know that 4 miles from us bees do
fine. There is a splendid range of sweet
clover and a large field of alfalfa and
grain and buckwheat. The small apiaries
scattered through that section do well.
They run for comb honey and produce
more pounds of it per colony than do
mine in extracted. They are the na-
tive bees, are never requeened, and are
given very little attention. This is a
new experience for Clovernook, as, until
recently, we produced away ahead the
heaviest crops af any apiary in northern
New York, and near-by apiaries in Can-
ada. We usually run some 80 colonies,
but this year they have dwindled to 58.
From these we produced only about 500
pounds of white and Soo pounds of dark
honey. From the same number of colo-
nies, or a half-dozen more, in former
times, we harvested between 4 and 5 tons
With so nice an outfit as Clovernook's,
we can not afford to lose our record and
our good income, and must get to work

in the spring, ■md bring our yard up to
its former IiIkIi standard.

I will take this opportunity to wish
one and all — sisters and brothers — a
Happy New War, and to hope that
those of us will I have had a good 1906
will succeed in liaving a still better
1907; and that our misfortunes may
hold for us "a precious jewel" in ex-
perience, by wliicli we may mount next
year into tin- sunshine of prosperity.

I'UANCES E. WllEF.LKR.

Clinton Co., N. Y., Dec. 12, 1906.

It comes as a sort of disappointment
that the thief, Procrastination, should
have prevented you from routing com-
pletely the enemy, for one can fancy that
it would be rather an agreeable sensa-
tion to be routed by so pleasant a router.
That's one of the nice things about bee-
keepers— however fierce the combat over
this or that plan or principle, the com-
batants become only the closer friends.

It is perhaps well that you did not tell
us in advance that there was any ques-
tion whether bees and White Wyan-
dottes could both hold the field, for the
sisters would have been in unpleasant
suspense lest the larger birds should
win the day.

It is doubtful that the shade of the
apple-trees lessens your crops. Loss of
basswood may, and very likely fresh
blood would be a good thing. But aside
from all that there are variations in the
seasons that one can not account for,
and next season may be one of your
best. Get at least one new queen, and
then hope.

touthern

.)»''

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunstels, Tex.

January Texas Honey-Plants

It is of much value for every bee-
keeper to know his honey-plants, when
they bloom, and their value to his bees.
Here in Texas we have some plants
blooming practically the whole year, that
are of some value to the bee-keeper.
Even in the month of December, the
mistletoe — about which everybody knows
— comes into bloom. It is of value for
its pollen. This is soon followed by
others in January, and by many more as
the season advances.

My collections contain specimens of
most of our important honey-plants, and
of these I have made a card catalog
from which I will each month give the
names of the plants blooming at that
time, together with their distribution
in the State, as far as is possible, and
their value as honey or pollen yielders.
I should be glad to hear from others
about the honey-plants of their respec-

tive localities, not only in this but in
other Southern States.

American Mistletoe.

Phoradendron flavescens ( Pursh )
Nutt. American Mistletoe. Family
Loranthaccae. Mistletoe Family. This is
a shrubby, evergreen, parasitic plant on
branches of trees, such as the elms, oaks,
mesquite, bois de Arc, and others. It
has jointed and much-branched stems,
thick and firm green leaves. The flow-
ers are small and greenish yellow. The
fruit is a small, white, viscid berry. It
grows in bunches or clusters, and is
somewhat odd and pretty in appearance,
hence much used for decorative pur-
poses, especially during the Christmas
holidays.

Mistletoe is the first source of the
season, beginning to bloom in Decem-
ber and into January, yielding an
abundance of bright yellow pollen and
honey, which makes it valuable for
early brood-rearing. It is widely dis-

tributed throughout the entire State o£
Texas.

I'.usii Honey-Suckle.

Loniccra franrantissima, Lindle. Bush
Honey-suckle. Family CaprifoHaceae.
Honey-suckle family. A shrubby vine,
cultivated, with yellowish-white flowers,
blooming in January. Honey-yield ex-
tremely early and also pollen. Much
visited by bees and valuable to stimu-
late the bees if the weather is favorable.
Throughout Texas.

Triple-Leaved Barberry.

Barbcris Irifoliata, Moric. Triple-
leaved Barberry. Family Berberidac.
Barberry family.

An evergreen shrub with yellow wood,
growing 4 to 6 feet high, and often
forming large thickets. The leaves are
cut into 3's, and these are lobed with
3 to 5 spines. The flowers are yellow,
and are borne in clusters close to the
stems. The berries, about as large as
peas, and red in color, are the fruit.
These are sweet and acid when ripe,
and can be eaten. The fruit is much
used for preserves, jellies, and for bar-
berry wine. "Agberites" is the common
Mexican name for this shrub. It is
found mostly on gravelly slopes and
foot-hills, from the Gulf Coast to the
Limpia Mountains, according to Coul-
ter. It yields honey and pollen in
abundance, and is the best of our early
bloomers for brood-rearing, blooming
from the latter part of January into-
February.

From Ireland— Reading- Bee-
Papers

The editor of the Irish Bee Journal
has sent me several marked copies of
his paper, calling attention to several ab-
stracts (?) which he has made from the
American Bee Journal. This is much
appreciated, and we understand his good
meaning. We shall use our " honest
opinion" and investigate the matter of
"keeping bees by reading one or more
bee-journals," etc., and report as soon
as the results have been obtained. Yes,
'tis true it makes a difference whether
"a bee-journal is filled up with stuff suit-
able for a dime novel," and also whether
such journals are "paid for, or gotten
for nothing, free of charge." My "hon-
est opinion" is that bees can be kept bet-
ter by reading one or more good bee-
papers than without them, whether you
pay for them or get them for nothing.

Honey as a Healtli-Food. — This
is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cookins Recipes" and "Remedies Ufing-
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for-*1.25;
2.50 for $2 25 ; 500 for $4.00 ; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business eard printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Jan. 17. 1907

American ^ee Journal

.^A'

ProceediniSs

Report of the Ontario, Can-
ada, Convention

REPORTED BY MORLEY PBTTIT.
[Coatintted from paf?e 31]

Stimulative Feeding — Report.s.

I would advise anyone who can not
stay right with his bees to let stimula-
tive feeding alone, and to bruise capped
honey whenever the weather is favor-
able, and when you can stay right with
the bees and see that started larvae is
kept fed.

Mr. Pettit — You might have combs
uncapped inside, and take them along
to the yard. This saves the wax of the
cappings. and saves keeping the hive
open while you bruise the cappings.

The Director's Report, Secretary's
Report, and Treasurer's Report showed
a successful year for the Association.
The Transportation Committee's Re-
port showed that some points had been
gained from the Railroad Commission,
principally the reduction of the mini-
mum car-load of honey from 20,000 to
12,000 pounds. Beeswax has been
changed from first-class to fourth-class
rating.

Mr. Grainger, representative to To-
ronto Exhibition, reporting, urging bee-
keepers to take more interest in the
Exhibition as it offers a great oppor-
tunity to educate the public on the food-
value of iioney. He showed a plan for
the new building which will stand where
the old main building stood. It is pro-
posed to have windows at the rear, so
that the light can shine through the
honey. There will be many improve-
ments to make the best building we have
had to exhibit honey in.

There was more discussion on the
Alexander method of strengthening
weak colonies. Some considered it a
help, and others thought it a disadvan-
tage.

FALL MANAGEMENT OF BEES

Fall management consists of prepar-
ing our bees for winter, for spring, for
ne.xt season, and in many ways it is laj'-
ing the foundation for future success.

The work of the fall season may be
lessened to a great extent by the system
of managing during the summer season.
About the middle of September make an
examination of each colony, find out its
condition in regard to its strength of
bees and quantities of stores, as well as
to know it has a good laying queen and
is in a healthy condition. If sufficient
bees to cover 5 Langstroth frames are
found it will be safe to put such colo-
nies into winter quarters; if less than
this amount of bees it will be better

to unite with another weak one and
have a good colony.

To do this, remove about half of the
hghtest combs from colonies to be unit-
ed and, sometime afterwards, on a cool
evening, put 2 weak ones together by
placing the combs of one with adhering
bees alternately between the combs of
another. Remove one queen if one is
inferior to the other, otherwise the bees
settle it amongst themselves. Be care-
ful not to get too strong colonies in
this way, as they do not, as a rule, win-
ter as well as medium ones.

All colonies going into winter quar-
ters should have a laying queen, and
colonies that have been queenless a
short time may be given a laying queen
by some safe plan of introduction.

If the colony has been queenless since
the swarming season it will be useless
to spend time and feed on them, as the
bees are too old and will die during the
winter.

The most important part of the fall
season's work is to provide each colony
with sufficient good stores to carry them
through until they gather feed next sea-
son. If we could supply them with about
25 pounds of good clover honey, well
ripened and capped, there would be little
danger of winter losses. We must have
some reliable way of determining the
amount of honey each colony contains,
as found when on scales, allowing so
much for the hive, combs, etc. ; but I
consider this unreliable, as there may be
a difference of 10 pounds in the make-up
of different colonies — a difference in the
material of the hive, amount of brood,
pollen, etc., in the combs. I consider
an examination of the combs the best
way of weighing stores, and if honey
to the amount of 5 or 6 Langstroth
frames is found, it will be sufficient. A
colony with less than this amount should
be given well-capped combs to make up
the shortage, removing empty combs,
and crowding the bees on as few combs
as the food-supply and quantity of bees
will allow, putting in division-boards or
dummies; this keeps the cluster more
compact, and in a body during cold
snaps in winter.

If colonies are short, and combs of
honey are not at hand, liquid feed may
be given after first contracting the space
for storing, as in the other case. As a
rule, pure sugar syrup is fed, made from
best granulated sugar ; it may be given
in any kind of feeder if fed early in the
season. A handy- feeder may be made
to go into an extracting super made i
inch smaller than the inside of the su-
per ; it may be made of undressed lum-
ber, waxed at the corners, and made
of different depths, to hold just enough
for any colonv, and a few strips or
blocks of wood for floats put in.

Place the feeder on the tops of the
frames, and if the weather is cool, feed
the syrup warm, contract the entrance,
:ind feed during the middle of the day.
The syrup, I think, gives best results
when made of a consistency of 3 parts
sugar to 2 of water. Sometimes a little
honey is added to prevent granulating,
lint I never practised doing it. Our syrup
IS made with steam, and it gives good
satisfaction. A i^-inch steam-pipe is run
down into a barrel or honey-storing
tank ; put in 2^ pails of sugar and I of
water, until the tank is nearly full, then
turn on the steam, which will warm the
water and agitate the sugar ; with a lit-
tle stirring the sugar is soon dissolved,
and the syrup can be drawn off at the
bottom.

In conclusion I wish to say that what
I have just given you on this question
is solely for the preparation of bees
for outdoor wintering. Not having any
experience in wintering otherwise, I
cannot say that it would answer for
preparation for indoor wintering.

Dennis Nolan.

Mr. McEvoy — The middle of Septem-
ber is too late in the season to look for
queen condition.

Mr. Holtermann — September is too
late to know whether the colonies are
queenless.

Mr. Hershiser — You can not tell by
examining the combs for the amount of
stores. You must weigh the hives to
get the best results.

Mr. McEvoy — There should be plenty
of pollen. Be sure there is plenty of
honey or syrup, and it should be
capped.

Mr. Newton — I should just try the
weight.

Mr. Sibbald — After weighing several,
then you can have learned to tell the
weight without weighing.

Mr. Deadman — The strength of the
syrup depends upon the time of year
you feed. As to weighing, allow half-
pound for one frame of bees.

Mr. Pettit — The neatest way to weigh
hives is with a spring balance and ar-
rangement to hook around the hive.
Then as soon as the hive clears the
stand, the weight is seen at a glance.

Mr. Couse — You can not feed back
honey, as it will granulate in the comb.

Mr. Grainger — Save the combs and
place them back.

Mr. Holtermann — \^ou should be care-
ful about feeding back honey, with ref-
erence to danger of spreading foul
brood.

Mr. Nolan — You should not feed too
late, because the bees can not ripen it
nor cap it. I would rather feed
good combs of capped clover honey than
any other waj'.

Mr. Timbers — Will they not ripen it
after the middle of October?

Hr. Hershiser — Isn't syrup not capped
just as good as what is capped?

Mr. Bruune — You can feed in the
cellar at any time. Simply take tin
dishes and slip them under the cluster.
Make a syrup half water and half sugar.
It is best, though, to have the feeding
done by October ist.

J. D. Evans does not think it mat-
ters if the syrup is not capped. He likes
to feed late, so the bees will not use it

Jan. 17, 1907

'^^^^^03

American "Bae Journal

ii|> l)cf(iro winttT. If you Ikivo tlu- right
Uind of cclliir, that is, dry enough, you
you can feed in the cellar at any time.

Ale.x Taylor had a similar experience.

Mr. Sibbald — It pay.s to make a good
syrup 2 to I, and boil it. You can't

feed enough tliin syrup in a short time
for winter. Vou must give it to them
thick. It is s.ifer to follow along good
lines that you have" tested, than to leave
them.

(Codtianed next week.)

, Jan ad Ian

4*-

Conducted by E. L. bYEB, Markham, Out.

Wintering- On Solid Sealed
Combs of Honey

Readers of the American Bee Jour-
nal will possibly remember that only a
few months ago the writer had a
friendly "mix up" with Dr. Miller
and Mr. C. P. Dadant on the above
subject. As an evidence of proof that
Mr. McEvoy (an earnest champion of
the system) is not at all afraid of risk-
ing everything by following the plan,
I submit the following from a private
letter just to hand :

" I have the bees in every one of my
colonies crowded up with division-
boards. Each colony has from 4 to 6
combs, all of which were sealed from
top to bottom in September." As Mr.
McEvoy has somewhere in the neigh-
borhood of 300 colonies, any one who
has an idea of a wholesale death loss,
would hetter write to him in May or
June next, sending their sympathy,
and at the same time convince him of
"the error of his ways."

Those "Mouse-and-Honey"
Experiments

Those experiments recorded by Mr.
Hasty (page 1036—1906) are quite in-
teresting. At the risk of exposing my
ignorance, I must confess that although
I have many a time known mice to eat
honey, yet previous to Mr. Hasty giv-
ing his ideas on the matter I never sus-
pected that they recognized honey as
"drink " rather than "meat.''

More than once I have left piles of
extracting combs at an out-yard where
the honey-house was anything but
mouse-proof. While I always like to
know that mice are pretty scarce
around the place, yet we can never be
positive but that some may put in an
appearance. To settle this matter, I
always set aside two or three combs
with honey in, close to the piles of
super combs. On my next visit, if the
cotnbs with honey in were not touched,
there was no need of looking at the
empty combs — there were no mice pres-
ent. If the honey was eaten any,
sometimes traps were set as recom-
mended by Mr. Hasty ; but instead of
putting a dish with water in for drink-
ing purposes, we would substitute a

dish of meal with a percentage of
arsenic mixed in.

I remember on one occasion I called
at the honey-house in question and
found that the mice had been levying
a pretty heavy toll on my " test "
combs, and I also recall the fact that
although quite early in the fall there
was considerable snow on the ground,
and unmistakable evidence that the
offending mice had come from the out-
side of the building through the snow.

It seems strange that these mice did
not quench their thirst with the moist
snow instead of gouging into the
combs of honey, especially as the snow
was not more than a foot or more
away — some of it actually being on the
floor, having sifted in through a crack
in the wall. However, mice may be
like quite a few people — prefer to have
their drinks well sweetened.

While there is no question that mice
are a nuisance, yet with ordinary pre-
cautions there is no need of much
actual loss from that source. While I
have some 5000 extracting combs scat-
tered around, some of them, as I have
intimated, in places not mouse-proof,
yet I do not believe that I have lost
two dozen combs by mice since I have
been keeping bees. My worst experi-
ence was with the common red squir-
rels— an experience lasting and de-
cisive. Lasting, because it cost me
about $25 ; and decisive in so far that
all the culprits were shot inside of 24
hours after I learned of the damage ;
and also because I mentally decided
never to take chances again with a
red squirrel, if he were within a quar-
ter of a mile of the combs at an out-
yard.

The mischief was all done inside of
2 weeks in November, 1905. Every-
thing was all right when I left the
yard after packing up for winter.
When I called again in 2 weeks, what a
change ! During my absence, 4 squir-
rels had "moved in " and taken pos-
session, and proceeded to fix up things
for winter according to a squirrel's
idea of comfort. The farmer on whose
place the bees are, had built the honey-
house and had finished the building by
papering inside with heavy building
paper. Not oae square foot of this
paper was left entire ! At least a dozen
holes were chewed through the walls
and roof for convenience of entering.

Three or 4 supers were taken posses-
sion of for nests ; the combs were all
cut out, and the paper from the wall
carried in by the peck, and mixed up
with grass, feathers, and other litter.
A person would not think it possible
that 4 such small creatures could work
such destruction in so short a time ;
and while I felt somewhat annoyed at
the damage done, yet I confess that it
was with a feeling of pity that I dis-
lodged them from their snug quarters.
I was made to think of the passage in
Proverbs, referring to " things that
are little upon the earth, but ar« exceed-
ing wise " — feeling sure that our mis-
chief-loving little squirrel would not be
misplaced if classed among the number.

How the Bees are Wintering

To-day, at 9 a.m., the temperature
was 48 degrees. The sun is shining,
and bees wintered outside are likely to
get a flight. Mine are all in the cellar,
the temperature of which in the middle
runs about 46 degrees, and I think
they are in excellent shape.

R. F. HOLTKRMANN.

Brantford, Ont., Dec. 31, 1906.

I hope expectations were realized. I
am sorry to say here in York county,
although fine in the early morning on
the day in question, later — about 10
a.m.— the sky became clouded over,
and the bees (and bee-keepers) were
disappointed.

My bees are all outdoors, and they
have not had a flight since Oct. 25. If
they could have but one flight any time
now, personally I would rather that
were the last till some time in the lat-
ter part of March. Barring that one
flight, things may not turn out any too
well. But time will tell the tale.

Honey from Alfalfa in Ontario

Can we expect anything from alfalfa
here in Ontario ? From the Farmers'
Advocate I clip the following :

" At the annual eonferenceot the Victorian
Apiarists' Association, Melbourne, Australia,
Dr. Cderry. Director of Agrio ulture, in an
• address, said he thought he might, perhaps,
get bee-keepers to act as propagandists in the
culture of lucern. He believed that if alfalfa
[lucern] were more generally grown the bees
would gather more honey. Honey produced
by the legumes is of the best quality. This
family of plants produce in their tissues
abundant nitrogen — the element which enters
into the composition of protein. From analy-
sis of samples of pollen submitted to him, he
had found in the case of pollen from culti-
vated plants of alfalfa as much as 2? percent
of protein: eucalyptus showed 20 percent,
and weeds 10 percent. Pollen, with a high
percentage of protein, is said lo be necessary
for the rearing of strong brood, and if Dr.
Cherry's claims are well founded, Canadian
bee-keepers should become enthusiasts in ex-
tending the area of this invaluable agricul-
tural plant."

While alfalfa has, aside from its
value as a honey-producer, enough
claims to warrant it being grown on
every farm, yet I very much doubt if
Canadian apiarists have much to hope
for from this source.

As to its possibilities in Alberta an d
other Western localities, under or
about to come under irrigation, I know

Jan. 17, 1907

American ^Qe Journal

nothing ; but as to Ontario and Que-
bec, I have heard of only one instance
where bees have been reported as
working- on alfalfa. This report came
from Mr. Adams, of Brantford ; and
while Mr. Adams is a reliable source of
information, yet it is a question in my
mind if he finds the same thing to hap-
pen very ojten in his locality.

For 10 years we had about an acre of
alfalfa within a few rods of the home
apiary, and while it was in all stages
of bloom through the season (being
cut from time to time for green feed),
yet I don't remember ever seeing a bee
on the blossoms, even when there was
a total drouth of honey, and the alfalfa
was in the height of bloom.

Clr. n^st/s

The'

Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Requirements for Swarming.

I feel like driving a " coach and six "
right through C. W. Dayton's three
requirements for swarming. These
were old queen, populous colony, and
honey-flow. One may have the young-
est kind of a queen, only a few hours
old, a colony not nearly populous
enough to do good work, and decided
dearth of nectar in the fiowers ; and
yet with a swarmy strain of bees, and
a swarmy location, and the cell build-
ing half of a recently divided colony,
there may be a natural swarm. When
bees get the swarming fever furiously,
and are compelled to wait because they
have no queen out yet, the fact that
the honey-flow has ceased and famine
times have begun, is not always suffi-
cient to halt them. Influences in that
direction, but not always sufficiently.
Page 999.

Methods of Foul Brood Treatment.

And the world will move. We had
become settled that shaking bees onto
clean foundation or starters (repeat-
edly, if necessary) was the way to
cure foul brood. Now we learn that
both in California and in Texas cura-
tive methods are being abandoned in
favor of total destruction. And we
also (wrathfully) read of the inspector
who gets his pocket instrument well
loaded with the virus of foul brood in
one apiary and plants the same in the
next apiary which happens to be clean.
Page lOLO.

Seal for Guaranteed Honby.

Then hurrah for the brother that can
invent the most convenient seal for
guaranteed honey ! But it must be
thoroughly rascal-proof, else a less
convenient kind that is proof would be
greatly preferable. Right at this point
the oft-recurring need of reliquefying
may be bothersome. Who'll give us a
seal that will hang tight to its duty
while the package is being reliquefied ?
Page 1004.

Valuable Quality of Caucasian

Bees.
Frank Rauchfuss certainly puts in a
valuable additional quality for the

Caucasian bees. Virgins stand 30 days
caging without companions. Not alto-
gether clear whether immersed in bees
or away from the bees. Surprising
any way. Yet virgins of Homo sapiens
consent to 30 years' caging, and seem
to like it ! But there must be a well-
chosen companion. Page 1013.

How to Shake Bees Off Frames.

Mr. McMurdo is "a man after my
own heart " when he takes a shot at
the "patent"' ways of holding and
shaking frames which have been pub-
lished. And he's O. K. when he tells
you to let the projections alone and
grip well down on the end-bars. The
way to shake bees off' is to shake —
shake good and hard — shake like Marco
Bozzaris wanted his men to strike.
And, eke, put some brains in the per-
formance, and learn for yourself a prac-
tical movement that works. Quickness
counts more than elephantine force
apparently; and peculiarities of mo-
tion count for something. Butnoneof
your holding the end-bar between first
and second fingers like it was a lead-
pencil. Page lOlh.

Bees After Meal in Red-Pepper,
Perhaps.

Sister Wilson, that red-pepper was
badly adulterated with meal, I reckon,
60 percent or so. The bees went for
the meal at d succeeded in ignoring the
fiery stuff mixed with it. Very re-
markable, and worth some study, that
they should be able to ignore red-
pepper for the sake of the meal. Still
it may turn out that bees like red-
pepper, for its own sake; and that
would be more remarkable still. Babies
in hives where cayenne takes the place
of pollen would never need any of
Perry Davis' Pain-Killer. Page 1018.

A Good Bye and Some Advice to
MORLEY Pkttit.

And so we must say good-bye to
Morley Pettit. Well, parting is a
more tolerable kind of sorrow when
our brothers do not "pull a tombstone
over their heads" when they go.
Wanting to do more for the good of
man is certainly a noble reason for

making a change ; so we will applaud
instead of scold. By the way, however,
the man who has a department in a
journal of world-wide circulation, has
no right to say, " I am a dry tree " so
far as opportunities to do good are
concerned. Christian preaching not
so scarce as Christian writing — Chris-
tian writing to the extent of earnest
watchfulness to get in a word for the
right whenever an opportunity occurs.
I'll take a dose of that myself right
now. Here's advice to him as he goes :
Don't follow the new and awfully
prevalent style of preaching humani-
tarianism to the extent of forgetting
that man has a soul. Man has a soul
that dreadfully needs discovering and
cultivating — never so badly as now.
Don't agonize much to mend biblical or
theological broken eggs. There are
still some valuable eggs left that are
not broken. Hatch 'em. Page 1031.

Prof. Wiley and Pure Food Law.

Yes, as we have much that's ill to re-
member of Prof. Wiley, we might in
justice remember that he was very
prominent in the fight for the Pure
Food Law, which, after many defeats,
finally won out. Page 1029.

Send Questions either to the office of the Am-
erican Bee Journal, or Dr. C. C.Miller,
Marengo, 111. (Dr. Miller does iwt
answer Questions by mail.)

Getting Candied Honey Out of Combs

I left the top supers on full of honey last
fall, so that the bees would not starve, and
from the way it looks it will last all next
summer. How do you get the bees to work
the candied honey over so as to get it out
without destroying the comb? Utah.

Answer. — I don't know any very good way.
Perhaps you may do it in this way: Uncap
any that are sealed, and sprinkle all the sur-
faces with a fine spray of water. If you hav©
nothing better, you can use a whisk broom to
sprinkle the water. As fast as the bees clean
it up dry, sprinkle again till the honey is all
out. They will do it more surely and more
rapidly if you set the honey away from the
hives, instead of letting each colony keep its
own super. But in that case you must allow
a passage so small that only one bee at a time
can enter the super, or else the bees will tear
the combs to pieces. Of course, if neighbors'
bees are plenty, and close by, they may get
more than your Dees.

Wintering Bees on Cakes of Sugar

I had 2 colonies of bees that were almost
entirely out of stores for the winter. So on
Thanksgiving Day I put a cake of sugar on
top of the frames of each of them, just above
the cluster of the bees. To one I gave a cake
made of granulated white sugar and the other
of brown sugar. Each cake was made by
boiling 5 pounds of sugar with a pint of
water until it would grain so as to form a
cake by putting it in a shallow tin pan and
letting it cool. Now what I want to know is,
How long do you think that sugar will last

Jan. 17, IW

American Hee Journal

thoso bees? They ari) wintering out-doors.
I tliou;;hl,, perhaps, it would be necessary to
give another culte some time this month, pro-
vided the liees were still alive.

I have lieen reading the American Bee .Jour-
nal for some time, and notice that you occa-
sionally answer a few ciuestions, and maybe
you might help me out of my uncertainty,
and at the same time save those 2 colonies of
bees. One of the colonies contains a Cau-
casian iiueen that I am very anxious to have
some fun with next summer. I understand
that Caucasian bees can sting if they want to,
but seldom seem to have the desire. I think
that l<ind of i)ees would suit me exactly, for I
never did enjoy being stung, any more than
some people "enjoy poor health.''

It I am successful in getting the informa-
tion I am asking for, 1 may come again some
time.

Your answers to questions in the American
Bee .lournal I consider the best thing for be-
ginners. Northern Illinois.

Answer. — For some time after Thanks-
giving Day the bees are likely to consume less
thaa at any other time; yet the amount they
■consume varies greatly. Two colonies, side
by side, apparently alike, will consume dif-
ferent quantities. Five pounds of sugar made
into syrup (equivalent to about 7 pounds of
honey) may last a colony in the cellar clear
through till time to betaken out in spring,
and it may not last till February. At any
rate, you will be on quite safe ground if you
renew the supply before Feb. 1. Outdoors,
better see to it a week or two sooner. You
will understand, of course, that no harm can
come from being a little too early, while a
little too late may do a good deal of harm.

Please report how the colonies come out. I
•should not expect the brown sugar to do as
well as the granulated.

Treatment for Bee Paralysis

What is the best way to cure bee-paralysis
without spreading it, and without burning
the hives? Will washing the hives with
strong salt water help it, when the bees and
honey are out of them, and the hives have
not been used for a month or two, or all win-
ter? I have used sulphur on the alighting-
board for some time, but it did not help it.

Iowa.

Answer.— I didn't suppose that bee-paraly-
sis would be very bad so far north as Iowa. 1
don't believe salt water would do any good,
and probably there would be no danger in
using the hives over again. Many cures have
been offered, but it seems none have stood the
test unless it be sulphur, and some have no
faith in that. Possibly you did not have the
snlphur as deep at the entrance as those who
have had success in that way. But Mr. O. O.
Poppleton, who is the most prominent advo-
cate of the sulphur cure, does not use it at
the entrance, but powders it on the bees and
combs. If the disease acts with you as it has
with me, it will disappear of itself without
any worry on your part ; but down South it is
a terrible scourge.

Preventing Honey-Granulation by
Heating

1. What is the best way to heat white
honey that is to be sold in glass jars* and to
what degree must it be heated so that it will
not granulate?

2. How should I heat buckwheat honey be-
fore it granulates so that it will look clear,
and not granulate when put in glass jars? I
tried to heat buckwheat honey before it
granulated last fall, and I could not do any-
thing with it. If I got it a little too hot, it
would look cloudy or muddy; and if I did
not get it hot enough it would granulate
■after being put into the glass jars.

New York.
Answer. — Whether the honey be light or
dark, it should not be heated to more than
il60 degrees, and it will be better not to go

above ISO, allowing It a long time to melt the
grains. Those who melt it on a large scale
have special appuratus for that purpose. If
you do not care to melt more than .'Vl or 100
pounds at a tjim'. you can do that with uten-
sils you areliki'U to have on hand, using a
kitchen range ur cook-stove. Don't set the
vessel containing the honey directly on the
stove, but set it in another vessel containing
water, having a thin board or something else
for the honey-vessel to rest on, so the inner
vessel will not come directly in contact with
the bottom of the outer vessel. If the water
in this outside vessel is never allowed to come
to the boil, there is not much danger that the
honey will be heated too much, but it is well
to have it on the back part of the stove to
make the melting slower. No matter how
you melt it, it will granulate again unless it
is sealed up. I have never tried it, but it is
said that if it Ije sealed at 160 degrees it will
not granulate again.

Painting Hives

1. Can I paint my hives containing bees at
any time of the year? And if so, at what
time? I thought maybe I could paint the
hives during winter, but having chaff-packed
hives I would not have any chance, for dur-
ing winter it would be impossible for paint to
dry outdoors.

2. What paint is best for chaff-packed
hives? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. You can paint your hives
any time of the year when it would do to
paint a house. Of course, as you suggest, it
will not do to paint in freezing cold weather,
but as soon as thawing weather comes it will
be all right. Your chief desire, no doubt, is
to know whether you can paint the hives at a
time when bees are active. Yes, you can do
it even when they are in their busiest season.
The only thing to look out for is that the bees
don't stick in the paint before it dries. If it
is made rather thin there is little danger. If
you paint a hive in the evening, as soon as
the bees stop flying, using a little drier in the
paint, by morning no bee will stick in it. Of
course, it will be well to be rather gentle in
painting, for if you should pound on the hive
too hard with the brush, it would rouse the
curiosity of the bees to investigate.

3. Any good outdoor paint, white lead
probably being as good as any.

Northern Indian Territory for Bee-
keeping

1. Is the northern part of Indian Territory
a good place for bees?

2. Would you advise me to go there to
keep bees, and make it pay? Illinois.

Answer. — Although I have an impression
that it is a fairly good bee-region, yet I have
no positive knowledge about it, and wouldn't
dare to advise in the case. Possibly some one
else may tell us about it.

Why Did the Bees Die?

Sometime in March, during a warm spell, I
noticed a colony of my bees acting as if they
were short of supplies. On examination, I
found them entirely out, fed them rather thin
syrup warm, and about a week after feeding
them there came a very cold spell, about 4 de-
grees above zero. After it became warm
again I found a number of dead bees on the
alighting-board. On looking into the hive I
found them all dead. The syrup was in the
cells of 3 frames. During this warm spell I
thought I would try stimulative feeding, so
began with 3 colonies, 2 rather weak ones and
one good, strong one. In a few days after
feeding thin warm syrup, another cold spell
came not so cold as the other (about 20 de-
grees above), and the bees did not come out
for a week. When it warmed up again I
found the strong colony nearly all dead, and

the 2 weak ones doing nicely, and they did aa
well as any I had during thcsummer. I would
like to know the cause of the dying. They
were all in dovetailed hives. MissotKl.

Answer, — Your letter partly answers itself,
and If I read correctly between the lines, your
question is rather to contirm your own opin-
ion than to seek light upon a question on
which you are entirely ignorant. The bees
being tilled with a lot of water (of course in
the syrup), were in no condition to withstand
the cold, and succumbed. Granted that It
was fed warm, it wouldn't stay warm, and
the evaporation was of course a cooling
process. " But why was it that the 2 weak
colonies throve under the same treatment that
killed the strong one?" Now, look here,
don't try to get me in a corner and expose my
ignorance. Your experience in dealing with
human ailments has told you that what will
kill one man doesn't kill another, and no one
can tell just why. But seeing it's you, I'll
make at least a guess in the case. The strong
colony was thoroughly active, and thoroughly
loaded up; and the weak ones were more in-
clined to be sluggish, and a smaller proportion
of their bees worked on the syrup, and when
those that carried down the syrup shared
their loads with the others, none were dis-
commoded.

The moral is, that whilestimulative feeding
may do good, it may do harm ; and after
many years' experience I feel that it is a
pretty safe thing to let alone. Of course, it's
the right thing to feed rather than to let a
colony starve; and the thing to learn is to
have plenty of stores in the hive to last
through. It takes a long time to learn that,
especially with small hives.

Wintering Bees Outdoors, But En-
closed With Wire Frame Work

I winter my bees on the south side of a
building in a place built on for that purpose,
packed in straw, and they trouble me by fly-
ing out on warm days and alight on the snow
and^die. Of late I have made a frame-work
of wire-netting which gives them a chance to
come out, but they can not fly away now. Is
it as well to have them so, or would it be bet-
ter to let them fly? Maine.

Answer.— Whatever you do, don't try to
keep the bees in by force. The only kind of
wire-cloth that should close the winter en-
trance of a hive is the coarse kind having
about 3 meshes to the inch. That will bar the
mice, but will allow the bees a free passage.
The trouble is that it you use wire-cloth that
will fasten the bees in, then any bee that
wants to get out will stir up others and get
the whole hive in such commotion as to do
quite a bit of harm. You can darken the en-
trance to keep out the light. But after they
have been in for some time there may come a
warm day when you want them to fly, but
don't want them to drop down into the soft
snow to die. You can tramp down the snow
so it will be hard for some distance in front
of the entrance. You might also throw hay,
straw, old carpet, etc., on the ground. It is
only fair to say that you are not to count as a
total loss all the bees that come out and drop
down. More or less of the bees are getting
old through the winter and dying off, and it
is just as well, or better, that they come out
to die. If you should put into winter quar-
ters a colony of 50,000 bees, and 35,000 of
them should live through to begin work next
spring, you may feel well satisfied. In other
words, you needn't worry yourself sick it
halt the bees die between now and fruit-
bloom.

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion Photograph was taken Dee. 6, 1906.
which was very good indeed. Price, post-
paid, in mailing tube, 60 cents. Send orders
to the office of the American Bee Journal
and we will see that the pictures are mailed.

Jan 17, 1907

American l^ee Journal

Cxp^ric^nces j

Bees Did Fairly Well

My bees did middling well the past season.
Some did very well, while others did nothing
more than till the brood-chamber, but not one
section. I have taken the American Bee
Journal for over 20 years. We sell our honey
around the place at 13 cents a section, or 2 for
25 cents. It less than one pound, it goes for
10 or 8 cents. Others we use ourselves or for
feeding to the bees. The colonies are all
heavy with winter stores.

George Hodges.

Belmont, N. T., Dec. 29, 1906.

Last Season a Total Failure

I have kept bees (usually about 100 colo-
nies) for about 30 years, and the past season
is the first absolute, total failure I have ever
had. I have now only 52 colonies.

GilsoD, 111., Jan. S. C. W. McKowN.

Poof Season, But Living in Hopes

I had 64 colonies in the spring of 190fi, and
got 734 pounds of extracted honey, and 1065
pounds of comb honey. This honey was fair
to good, but very little of it was choice or
fancy. I sold nearly all of it to my home
trade at lO).,' cents a pound for extracted, and
from 14 to 16 cents a pound for comb honey.
I have now 90 colonies in good condition,
and, like almost all other bee-keepers, live in
hopes. TuEO. Rehorst.

Campbellsport, Wis.

Season Short and Dry

The honey season was short in our part of
Missouri. My 12 colonies averaged 40 pounds
each. The Italians did belter, for I took off
as high as 3 supers of honey from each of
them. I had one swarm. It was too dry for
honey here last summer. C. E. Baker.

Milan, Mo., Dec. 20, 1906.

From "a S-Year Old"

The first of January marks the close of my
third year as a subscriber to the American
Bee Journal. I am owner of a small apiary,
and have on hand about 600 pounds of honey
for the season's work. I find the Journal
very helpful in my work. J. Krapp.

Linden, Iowa.

Secured a Good Yield of Honey

I live at the foot of the Adirondacks, or the
Spur— not very good for a bee-keeper, but I
manage to get quite a bit of honey. The
past season was very fair here. With 26 colo-
nies, spiing count, I increased up to 39, and
have 2350 pounds of honey— 1400 comb and
the rest extracted ; besides, we have honey
every day for our own use.

My bees are very heavy in stores for winter.
I have them in the cellar in a room by them-
selves. Our honey is clover, basswood, buck-
wheat, and heartsease for fall. I make my
own hives, bodies, covers, and bottom-boards.
I use the Hoffman frame and the 4J^x43o' sec-
tions. No trouble to sell all the honey 1 had,
and had to buy more. I have had to contend
with black brood. It was hard to get it
cured to stay cured, on account of the box-
hive farmers and carelessness of the farmer
bee-keepers : that class of bee-keepers in this
part of our town are now out of bees, and it
will be a good thing for those that are hee-
keepers. I could not teach them. They cared
for only enough honey for their own use —
only poor stuff at that, with bte-bread and
larviB all mashed together. They would not

take a bee-paper, claiming it was useless to
goto the expense of frame-hives, and they
knew all about it — more than any paper could
tell them ! They are " wild " now, when they
see me taking super after super from a hive,
and call me a wizard. I love the bees; love
to watch them and care for them, and to at-
tend to all their little wants — and large ones,
too. E. M. Lawrence.

Mayfield, N. Y., Dec. 12, 1906.

Home Demand for Honey

I got about 2S00 pounds of honey the past
season. lam getting quite a good home de-
mand. I shipped .5110 pounds, but am afraid
I will run short at home now.

Hugo Zachgo.

Danforth, 111., Dec. 7, 1906.

Poorest Season for Surplus

My bees were all in winter quarters in good
shape, Nov. 20. I think the past season was
the poorest for surplus honey that I ever saw.
Some of my best colonies filled one super,
while others had to be fed. 1 work for comb
honey, as a rule.

Success to the " Old Reliable."

John Cline.

Darlington, Wis., Dec. 31, 1906.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Minnesota. — The Fillmore County Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet in the Court
House at Preston, Minn., on Friday and Sat-
urday, Jan. 25 and 26, 1907.

Canton, Minn. P. B Ramer, Sec.

Vermont. — The 32d annual convention
of the Vermont Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the parlors of the Addison House,
Middlebury, Vt., Jan. 24, 1907.

Shoreham, Vt. W. G. Larraeee, Sec.

Colorado. — The 27th annual session of the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Build-
ing, Denver, Colo,, Jan. 22 and 23, 1907. The
State Horticultural Association, the State
Forestry Association, the Dry Farmers' Con-
gress, the American National Stock Growers'
Association, and the Colorado Cattle and
Horse Growers' Association, will all hold
their annual sessions in Denver during the
same week. Besides this there will be the
greatest live stock show held in Denver ever
west of Chicago. The railroads have made a
fare of one and one-third for the round-trip
for this week, which should assure us a large
attendance. A section-putting-up contest
will be a feature of our meeting.

G. J. ToMLiN, Sec.

Frank Rauchfdss. Vice-Pres.

Wisconsin.— The annual meeting of the
Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held in the Court House, at Madison,
Wednesday and Thursday, Feb. 6 and 7, 1907.
Reduced rates on all railroads, but if you can-
not obtain them, ask your agent for full fare
receipt. By courtesy of Mr. Bacon, of the
G. B. Lewis Co., arrangement has been made
to have a stenographer in attendance, to lake
a verbatim report of the entire proceedings,
which will be published for the benefit of
members and interested bee-keepers. This
feature will make this the most interesting
convention ever held by the society. The
Question-Box will be the main feature, and
we want every bee-keeper who has one or
more questions of interest to mail them to
the Secretary prior to the convention, that
they may be properly arranged. Questions
may be handed the Secretary at the conven-
tion, but mail them prior if possible. We
also want a good honey display, so bring
your choice samples of honey or anything of
interest. Pres. France will speak on the In-
spector's Convention in Texas, and Diseases
of Bees. Every person may become a mem-
ber, for one year, by the payment of $1.00,

which will also make him a member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, which
alone costs $1.00; and every member of the
National, not a member of the State, should
pay his dues to the State Secretary, and for
the same money, become a member of both.
Ladies may beeomo members by the payment
of 50 cents for National dues. Kindly make
remittance for membership dues before the
meeting, to the undersigned.
Augusta, Wis. Gus Dittmer, Sec.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, ?1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3A.lt JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

EM

NCUBATORS
AND BROODERS

f; Bi'lil dirccl tOTou at Trboleealppiic^B. Tii
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I Gem incubator Co., Boi 52, trotwood, 0.

fl^/^t* ^oIa Faacy Basswood and Clover
trui »J€Xi^ HONEY in barrels or 60-pound
cans. Sample, 10 cents, which may be deducted
when ord^rinjj.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,

S2A4t 4263 Virginia Avp., St. Louis, Mo.

Mention He«* .l<»iirniil tvti^n «vrltlnie.

UnUu^elpyourhen-s. Ftn:-.!
^m W them fre^h cut tn'eeii
■ ■^# ■■ bone and youMI i.-t-t
more eggs— yr>u'll get
TTQ GET ^S'ff'S in winter when
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mm^\trmw^ I'he Standard Green
IHIIK V* Bone Cutterjin-p^ires bone right
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Mention Bee Journiil tThen wrltlnK-

your Refuse
from W ax-
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Do Not Burn

Send it lo me. and eet Tour cash.

ARCHIE L. COGQSHALL. Qroton, N. Y.

SlA4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

^ To

prove they are
healthv and vigorous we'll
send Foxir Trees 3 yrs. old free to
property owners. Mailing ex-
pense 5e. A postal will bring
them and our catalog with 64
'colored plates. Write today.
THE GARDNER NURSERY CO..
Boh 815, Osage, Iowa,

Mention Bee Joarnal ^ben TTrltlne.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, rerfert. pelf -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrst-claBB hatchers made.
GEO. H. SXAHL, Qulncr, IlL

Catalogoe.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 17, 1907

r-^^5Qfe^

American V^e Journal

Some Good GlyPDing Oilers

A good many subscriptions to the American Bee Journal should be renewed
at once. We wish to call special attention to the clubbing- offers below, which
we are sure will commend themselves. The American Bee Journal one year
and your choice of one of the following:

BOTH rOK

No. 1— Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among
the Bees" (book alooe, $1.00) $1.80

No. 2— Prof. A. J. Cook's " Bee-Keeper's
Guide," (book alone, $1.30) 2.00

No. 3— Dadknt's " Langstroth on the
Houey-Bee," (book alone, U.'iO) 2.00

No. 4— Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-
Kearing, "(cloth bound) bookaIone,$l. 1.75

No. 5 — Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-
Rearing," (leatherette bound) book
alone, 75c 1.50

No. 0— A Standard-Bred Untested Italian
Queen, next May or June (Queen
alone, 75c) 1.50

No. 7 — " Novelty Pocket-Knife " with
your name and address on il (knife
alone, $1.25) 2.00

No. 8 — " Wood Binder," for holding a
year's numbers (binder alone, SOc) 1.10

So. 9—" Emerson Binder," (stiff board)
binder alone. 75c . . .-. 1.50

BOTH FOR

No. 10 — Monette " Queen-Clipping De-
vice," (Device alone, 25c) $1.10

No. 11 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(cloth bound) book alone, 7.')C l.iiO

No. 12 — Newman's "Bees and Honey,"
(paper bound) book alone, 50c 1.30

No. 13— Root's "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
(book alone, ■*1.20) 2.00

No. 14— A Gold Fountain Pen (Pen alone
$1.25) 3.00

No. 15— " The Honey-Money Stories,"
(book alone, 25c) 1.10

No. 16 — Maeterlinck's "Life of the Bee,"
(cloth bound) book alone, $1.40 3.25

No. 17 — 3 Bee-Songs — " Hum of the Bees
in the Apple-Tree Bloom," "Buck-
wheat Cakes and Honey," and "The
Bee-Keepers' Lullaby," (each 10c or
3 for 25c) 1.10

No. 18— 50 copies " Honey as a Health-
Food," (alone, 70c) 1.50

Send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

334 DeaPbopn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

19"

While the Present Stock of these BEE=H1VE CLOCKS

them at only $2.00 e&Cll, by express ; or S2.50 for the Clock

American Bee Journal one year. Better order at once,

lasts, we will sell
and the Weekly

before all are gone.

The Bee-Hive Clock

We have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzed-iretal Clock, called
" The Bee-Hive Clock." It is W}-^ inches
wide at the base, 9-}^ inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand firmly on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
work, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-keeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like "The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from $4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at $2.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year— both for only $3,00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to get "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the

Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at $1.00 each, and we will send vou this beau-
tiful " Bee-Hive Clock " FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 New Sub-
scribers (at $1.00 each) and 50 cents— $4.50
in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers (at $1.00
each) and $1.00— $4.00 in all. Or, 3 New
Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and $1.50—
«3.50inall.

With the

Only $2.50. f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
Bee Hive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine" belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, "The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

A $4.00 CLOCK FOR $2.50
American Bee Journal Bo.rroi: Only $3.00

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was conceived in the brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was not thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
aud the hours " told off " in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the flying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced by the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselHshly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of the old-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the old-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
will use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Miller.

Address au orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dcarbom St., CHICAGO, ILL.

58

r^^^-=<M^^^ American ^ee Journal

Lan^stroth «» t"*
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
over 500 pages, being revised by those
large, practical bee-keepers, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-

structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

Wa 8bll Root's Goods in miohiqan

Let us qoote yon prices on Sections, HlTei,
Fonndatlon, etc., as we can save yon time and
f relirht. Beeswax Want*d for Cub.

M. H. HUNT* SON.
Bbll Branch, Watnk Co., Mich

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

HONEY
FOR

SALE

Thirteen Thousand Pounds very finest White
Clover Extracted Honey in good 60-pound cans,

ready for immediate shipment. This honey was produced
in Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa, is clear and well ripened,
and nothing could be finer.

One (lO-pound can. at 914 cents per pound.

Two or more cans at one shipment, 9 cients per pound.

Certificate guaranteeing purity with every shipment.
Sample by mail, 7c.

WALTER S. POUDER, ».sill»V^TTs Indianapolis, Ind.

(This ad. will not appear again.)

BEE-SUPPLIES

are now in effect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices.

We make the best-finished and substantial

you get (
Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back.

Address,

KRET6HMER MFG. 60., Gouncil Blutls, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. Utli Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

Fire Sale of Bee aud Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save 35 to 50 Percent on slightly damaged goods.

Lewis Goods at 3 percent Discount

DURINR JANUARY,
EXCEPT ON HONEY-PACKAGES.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, it you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction.

^^^ Send tor list of Slightly ■>aniag'ed Ooods to select from at
Reduced Prices.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, Yorii Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not mo

Long Distance Telephone, North 155'>. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO, ILL.
(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

Jan. 17, 1907

S')

American T^ee Journal

)>=^|5i^^<!^> J

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

Will be found In

TtlB

Amerlcaii Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Hoo-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-listof 6EE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE VI. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 >eaTs i

Chicago^ Dec. 7.— There is the usual dullness
in the honey-trade at this date owing to most
of the retailers having- stocked up sufficiently
locarry them over the holidays; but the stocks
in the hands of the trade generally are below
the normal; hence prices are firm at IS't' I6c for
No. 1 to fancy while combt with off grades at
l@2c less; amber grades dull at lC@Uc. Ex-
tracted white, firm at Sc for clover and bass-
wood; ambers, 6H(<5'7Mc per pound. Beeswax,
30c. R. A. BUBNKTT & Co.

Kansas City, Dec. 28— The demand for comb
honey is only fair with ra^arket well supplied;
market is almost bare of extracted, however,
and the demand very good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24-section cases, f3.25; No. 1, $3.00;
Extracted, white, per pound, 7H@8c; amber,
7@7J^c. Beeswax, per pound, 25 cents.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 8.— The market on comb
honey seems to be a little quiet; No. 1 sells
wholesale for 14'^c; retail by the case, 16c. Ex-
tracted firm; light amber in barrels, 6c; in
cans, 7c; white clover, SJ>^c. Beeswax, 30c.

C. H.W. Wbbbf.

Philadblphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@lSc; am-
ber, ll@l3c. Fancy white extracted, 75i@8>^c;
light amber, 6>6@7c.

we are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, Dec. 3. — Comb honay is in good
demand, and No. 1 and fancy white stock
seems to be pretty well exhausted. Buckwheat
is in sufficient supply, also off grades of white,
to meet all demands, but there is no overstock
as yet. We quote fancy white at 15c; No. 1 at
13®14c; No. 2 at 12c; buckwheat and amber at
lie per pound, according to quality and style
of package. Extracted Is firm at unchanged
prices. California white sage, 8c; light amber,
at 7'5>6Kc; buckwheat, 6@6J6c. Beeswax steady
at 30c. HiLDRBTH & Sroblkbn

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for I'JUT now uu Immi

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed,

SAVE MONEY BDYIRG FROM ME. ^TA'^stit "■"

A Special Discount on Eariy Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

■.A.^S«, ami t'AI CASIA^S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

breJ in separate apiaries,
the«W<»I.Wi-;:\ VI'II,-
I.OW(!i. CAK.^ilO-

C. H. W. WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms; 2K6-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Dbnver, Jan, 5.— There is practically no
hooey left in the hands of producers in this
Stale, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply the home trade until spring-. We
quote strictly No. I white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, at $3.20; No. 1 light amber, $3; and good
No. 3. at $2 SO. White extracted, 8@8!^c; light
amber, 734@8c. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

Thb Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Jan. ')— The comb honey market
at the present is very quiet. Holders are not
trving to realize a profit, simply disposing of
what they have, at cost. Fancy comb honey is
selling atl41^@16c. Extracted amber honey in
barrels, 6@7c; fancy light amber in cans, TtaSc;
fancy white, '^c. Strictly choice beeswax, 30c,
delivered here. Thb Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.— comb honey is not
pleniiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
lomb brings lt»@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
U/aiSc. Best grades of extracted honey bring
S(a;9c; amber, ofa-Tc. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov, 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their slock. F')ncy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, ISc.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7(gf754c; cans ihe same. Beeswax, 26(a'23c.

Thb Griggs Bros & Ntchols Co.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

Gash for Beeswax

Until further notice SOccashpaid for pure,
yellow beeswax, delivered here.

Frank G. Clark, 147 E.KinzieSt.GhicaQO.lII.

LET IME ^rS"

and t^avf you 30 to ou per cent on my full
line of split Hickory Vehirles. So!<i only
direct (mm Tiy fuctcny on ."J*' days' F'rt-e
Trialand-'years' (_;uarant»'e. Don't think
of bu\ Inn until ytm write me a postal

for my special proposition and
BIC BUGGY BOOK

— bipger and better than ever this year.

Illustrates 125 styles and grives prices on

Split Hickory Vehicles

Tells how I use hickory , *i^Wj7 with thcjrra in (sfroji 5.
er) Instead of saiveil wood in
my vehicles. Why .-^/f//? hickory
is the best— lasts longer— lookt
better. Tells how I upholster, trim
and paint my bufpies. Gives
photopiapbs of my full
line ot'hitrh-crade Har-
ness. Write nif today.

H. C. PHELPS. Pres.,

Ohio Carria::.' St f-. »o.
Station :-'2 I inciiinnll. O.

Mention Bee Jonrnal vrhen •writing,

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNKTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aEORae w. york & cc,

. • CHICAGO. ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when wrltlnse advertisers.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHITE CLOVER HO!*EY, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at oncb, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. M. Scott & Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

Catalog Free

29Atf 1004 East fVasii. Street, I.^IHAI^APOEIS, Iilii).

"In every country tue snccessfnl aflyertiser is tlie continnons advertiser.

I)

Jan. 17, 1907

American Hee Journal

u

DADMT'S FOFUDATION"

IT E2S:OEIjS

EVERY INCH equal to sample g

Beauty. Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted

at all
times .

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

Mention Bee Journal Fvben ^rrltlne.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

C" Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
eeason. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr, Muenoh's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

r* DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-t'rade malleable iron, much like wroueht iron.
8J^ inches lonK. The middle part is 1 1-16 inches wide and l-'S'l thick. Tlie sniuller end is !;« inches lent;. ^
inch wide, and 7-:i2 thick, ending' like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedjze-shaped. having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc.. as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 5S, he
says; •' Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 1907, he
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool; "It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. I atn sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

■We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FKKK as a premium tn any present paid-in-advance
eubscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us OXE NKW subscription for a year at
$1.00; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for S1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

^ We will Buy and
I Sell

IHONET

of the different grades and kinds.

If you have any to dispose of, or if
^J you intend to buy, correspond
^^ with us.
^91 We are always in the market

i Beeswax

^H at highest market prices.

S Hildreth & Segelken g

^^ 265 & 267 Qreenwich Street

fS^ NE'W YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns.

"Xhe continuous advertiser
gets llie bulk oi the business*
because others are not adver-
tisingr< and he is.'*

47th Year

JANUARY 24, 1Q07

Number 4

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

Jan. 24, 1907

PtIBLlSHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal i«
fl.mj a year, In the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra tor postage. Sample copy tree.

THE WBAPPER-LABEli DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispa'.d.
For instance. "dec<i6" on your label shows that it ifl
paid to the end ot December, I9u6.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, winch shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing lesa than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times S per cent

13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 "
62 " ....30 "

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 2S cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t.— To promote the interests of its toembers.

2d.— To protect ana delend its members in their
lawful riBhts. ^ . . ,_ ^ w .- *

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration or
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. K. Fkance. Platteville, Wl».

t^T" If m-TP convenient, Dnes may be sent to tb9
ubhsliers ot ibe American Bee Journal.

Bflf^dinS in Second-liand

Machinery blanks

1 Steam Pump.

1 Large Butter-Mixer.

1 100-gal. Churn.

1 16-ft. bbl. Slcids.

2 Wooden Vats— S to 16-tt. loDg, each.
50-ft. Heavy l-in. Hose.

METAL, TANKS

75-gal., 300-eal. (metal with wood-jacket),
400-gal. and 500gal.
For particulars, address,

H. M. ARND,

191 Superior St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen vrrltlns*

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON

TOOLS

special Bargains

in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman
BROOD-FRAHES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging our factory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing tis at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiary, and can save you money and delay at anytime of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

MlnnesoM Bee-Keepers' Supply Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's ConiD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes i

Because the bees like t best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

Tlie Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

400"West23rd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.

35Atf Please mention the Bee Jonmal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
eale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-button
that we are furnishing to kiee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. Th»
American Bee Journal one year and 4 button*
for $1. 10. Address all orders to

aeORGE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILI.

O. F.FiUisg & Ron,

Ca|ioni2ing Is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free instructions
postpaid $2.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c
Poultry Marker 250

1 French Killing KnlteSOO

[Capon Book Free. i

Philadelphia, Fa>

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

f3<Z/<Z^<

Mention ISee Joarnal when nrltlnie.

Please Mention the American Bee Jonrnal Xd^SruS^

Jan. 24, 1907

63

American ~Boe Journal

W^

Why Not Send Your Friend a Bee= Valentine

THE BEE-KEEPERS' SOUVENIR POSTAL CARDS

"OwONT TouEE nr HONEY.

And ChCCK IMS LONELY HEART?
Top I WOULD MUO -rOU >tLL THE TIHE'i
And we WOUlO NEVErt PART

are. just the tliini;.

We send thera by Return Mall.

As most of our ri'aders know, we have jjotten
out a Souvenir I'osttil Card for bee-keepers. The
cms herewith show the card in reduced si/e, and
but one color, while the real card is printed in 4
colors. It could also be sent to honey-customers,
to remind them that it is time to buy more honey!
etc. There are many uses to which this Card can
be put.

Prices— postpaid: Scards for 10 cents (stamps
or silver), or 5 fukk with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year at $1.00 ; 10 for 25 cents. There is a

"«.. wux. j%^«. »„ .^t.ui/ , Av iui .iu ceuiB. 1 nereis a
blank space on the card about 2x2}-. inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

O'.vcriT rou i;it. nv IfjtlEt
/V» Cheek This IONEly t<APT»

Fob I wouto nja vxi all tme rie.j

nht> Wt WOUUl WvtD PART

■^S3

ncA-a.ro un —r- f*9t&

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save a.l to 50 Pert-ent on si

Lewis Goods at 3 percftnt Discount

htly damaged goods.

DURING JANUARY,

EXCEPT ON HONEY-PACKAGES.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, if you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction. ^

Its" S^rt *««• list ot Sligfhtly Uamased Cioo<l!< to i.«elect trom at
Reduced Prices.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in 60-pound cans tor sale.

H. IW. ARND, Proprietor, Yorii Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not mo

I.oog Distance Telephone, North 1SS9. 19i and 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO ILL

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1348 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

fSendforfreej
Catalogue.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

SUnplc, perfect, self -regulatmg.
Hat.h every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrst-claBB hatchers made.
BKO. H. STAHl, Qulncj, III.

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder" 0

BEE- SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at Root's' rrices

42«

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .•. Catalog Free.

BEESVAZAX VNZAMTED

, J P>J highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free I
shall be glad to send it to you.

Write for prices on Fi„est Exiracted Honey. Certihcate guaranteeing purity with
every shipment. 6h"'"j """

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

orVers'for SUppliCS.

f WALTER S. POUDER

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $l,50np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCain,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Hentton Bee Joamal when vrrltlnK.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicultural Field muie

completely than any other published.

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discoants to the Trade.

Stock & Poultry PENCE

Many stvU-s an.l li.ji;_'litp ,
l)i;uiiniid orStjiiarc Mf.-^li;
pri. , ;; l-.w. Sold directon
30 daysfree trial, freik'ht
prupfiid. Catiilot.'ii(.> frc-e.
KITSELMAN BROS.
Box ^' Muncie, ind.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

tSAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

En^ravin^s For Sale

•

We are accumulating quite a stock of engrav.
Ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or In other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help ns to
. pay for others that we are constantly having
made and usin^ in our columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like to
have, just let ns know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GE0RGEW.Y0EK4C0.

334 Dearborn Street.

CHICAGO, II, I,

American Hee Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Photographic Competition

We are pleased to annouace another series
of prizes for tlie best photographs submitted
to us, as described below, in two series,
American and Foreign, under thelfollowing
conditions :

First. — The competition opens January
15th, and closes October 1st, 1907. All pho-
tographs intended for this competition must
be in our hands by the last-named date.

Second. —Competition for these prizes is
limited to bee-keepers or some member of the
family. Entries may be made for as many
different classes as may be desired.

Thikd.— A photograph entered in one class
can not be entered in any other class.

Fourth. — Each photograph should be
marked on the back with the name and full
address of the sender, and the class in which
it is entered. This is important.

Fifth. — In judging the photographs, the
general appearance, neatness, etc., of the api-
ary, or exhibit, or yard, will be taken into
consideration. Photos may be sent un-
mounted. We rather prefer them this way,
and in a solio or reddish-brown if possible.
However, send such as you can get most
easily.

Sixth.— With each of the photographs sub-
mitted we would like a brief statement of the
conditions under which the apiary was pho-
tographed or honey produced, or similar in-
formation regarding the photograph. This
should be limited to about one hundred
words.

Setenth. — All photographs and corres-
pondence regarcing the same should be ad-
dressed to Advertising Department, Glean-
ings in Beb Culture, Medina, Ohio.

Eighth. — We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards or withhold any award if
no photo worthy is entered in the class.

AMERICAN COMPETITION
(Including Canada and Mexico)

AND

FOREIGN COMPETITION

The following are the classes in which en-
tries may be made :

Class A. — Photographs of any apiary in
village, town, orcity.

Class B.— View of an apiary not exceeding
six hives in town or city.

Class C— Apiary in town or country of
not less than six hives or more than fifty
hives.

Class D.— Apiary in town or country of
fifty hives or more.

Class E.— Photograph of comb honey pro-
duced by a single colony of bees; not less
than ten sections, and this preferably in plain
sections.

Class F. — Photograph of a bee-keeper's
home, showing some view of the apiary if
possible. The apiary need not be prominent
in the picture, however.

Class G.— Photographs of a crop of honey
from any number of colonies, six or more.

Class H.— Photographs of any apiarian ex-
hibit of bees, supplies, or honey taken at fairs
or shows of any kind.

Class I.— Photographs of any work in the

bee-yard, such as hiving swarms, extracting,
or any other operations with the hive.

Class J — Photographs of any other subject
relating to bee-keeping not classified above.

PRIZES

Value, Postpaid
First. — One leather-bound "A B C of

Bee Culture," i;>07 English edition, or

cloth-bound French or German $3.00

Second.— One-half leather "ABC of

Bee Culture," 1907 English edition 1.75

Third.— One " How to Keep Bees " and

any two Swarthmore books 1.50

Fourth.— One full cloth-bound "ABC

of Bee Culture," 1907 English edition. 1.20
Fifth.- One " How to Keep Bees," by

Anna Botsford Comstock 1.10

Sixth.— No. 1 bee-veil, all silk 80

Seventh.— No. 2 bee-veil, silk face 50

Eighth.— One illustrated book, " Bee

Culture in Foreign Countries " 50

Ninth. — One Bee Model, Queen 50

Tenth.— One Bee Model, Drone 50

Ten prizes are offered for each class : Ten
for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, etc.—
one hundred prizes for American contest, and
one hundred prizes for the Foreign contest;
two hundred in all if that number of entries
are received, the prizes offered being identical
for each class for the American competition
and for the Foreign.

If the winner of any certain prize already
has the prize offered, we will, on request from
him, furnish a selection of other items from
our catalogs, of equal value.

Danzenbalier Prizes

It is to be regretted that so many bee-keep-
ers are satisfied to produce year after year a
very ordinary grade of honey as regards its
appearance, when by a little more care, and
having more suitable fixtures, and by taking
the honey from the hive at just the right time,
a much larger percentage of " fancy," or " ex-
tra fancy " honey could be produced, which
would sell at a much higher price. The ex-
perience of honey-merchants generally is that
there is no difficulty in disposing of large
stocks of fancy or extra fancy, even when the
market is dull. It is the inferior grades that
suffer most at these times. We believe, too,
that bee-keepers would be very much better
satisfied with their season's work if their best
efforts were made to produce a really fine
product. To increase further the interest in
extra fancy honey, the following prizes are
offered for honey produced in Danzenbaker
hives during the year 1907, under the follow-
ing conditions:

FIRST.— As above stated, the honey must
be produced in a Danzenbaker hive, either the
present style or any Danzenbaker hive that
has been put out within the last few years.
These hives may be had of any dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies in any part of the country.

SECOND.— For Classes 1 and 3 we require
a shipment of approximately the amount
stated, to be made by the bee-keeper direct to
us at Medina. After the prizes have been
awarded the honey entered for competition
in Class 1 or 2 will be held subject to the in-
structions of the producer. We will sell it at
5 percent commission, or we will ship it to

any point direct by freight or express. There
being good honey markets in our immediate
vicinity, such as Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleve-
land, Buffalo, and Pittsburg, it can be dis-
posed of without difficulty at good market
prices, and the shipper will not have to lose a
good market by shipping it here. Neither
the honey awarded a prize nor that which ob-
tained no prize is to be our property, but will
be sold subject to the instructions of the pro-
ducer who sends it to us. We are interested
only in inspecting it to award the prizes.

THIRD.— For all honey submitted for prizes
we must have a definite statement from the
producer regarding the conditions under
which it was produced, whether a light or
heavy flow of honey, how the colony was
handled, how many colonies in the yard, from
what source produced, etc.

FOURTH.— For Classes 3, 4, and 5, we
must, in addition to the above report, have
the signature of two witnesses, certifying to
the correctness of the report. If the party
who sends us the report for the competition
Is well known to us we shall not require these
witnesses. References may be given instead
of the signature of witnesses if desired. All
parties intending to compete for these prizes
should send for blanks which we will furnish,
on which the report may be made out.

FIFTH. — It will be noticed in the last three
classes, three to five inclusive, that it is not
at all necessary to .send us the honey — all we
require is a report.

SIXTH.— We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards in each class, or to make
no awards in a class if there are no satisfac-
tory entries for the same.

SEVENTH. — No contestant will be awarded
more than one prize in each class, but may
make two entries if desired— one in Class 1 or
3, and another in Class 3, 4, or 5.

The classifications tor the prizes are as fol-
lows:

Class 1.— For best shipment of 200 lbs. of
comb honey in Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3. — For best case of comb honey in
Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3. — For best report of yield from
single colony in Danzenbaker hive.

Class 4. — For best report of yield from five
colonies in Danzenbaker hives.

Class 5.— Eor best report of general results
from use of Danzenbaker hive.

For each class there will be ten prizes as
follows :
First.— «10.00.
Second.— $7.00.
Third.— $5.00.
Fourth.— $2.00.
Fifth to Tenth. — $1.00 each.

This is the time to decide to enter this com-
petition. No matter where you live, whether
in the United States or elsewhere, you can
certainly find one class in which you can
make an entry ; and as there are ten prizes in
each class, we believe that no one will be
greatly disappointed in the results unless it is
ourselves, and we hope that we shall not be,
but see a large number of entries. Even if
you fail to get a prize, you will doubtless have
increased the value of your own product by
your efforts to produce some big results or an
extra quality of honey.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at thd Posl-Offlce at ChicaKO as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY 24. 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 4

editorial ^ofes
ind Comments

'y<f"

^Jli

r

Size and Weight of Sections of iloney

Bearing upon the question of uniformity in
the weight of honey in sections of a given
size, comes this note from Dr. C. C. Miller :

Here are gome '■ fax and Aggers " with ref-
erence to sections of honey produced by me,
and all of them 414x414x1% bee-way with
separators, and all containing Urst-class
honey :

In 1897 the average weight was 14.41 ounces
per section.

In 1899 the average weight was 14.942
ounces per section.

The year 1903 was, I think, the best year I
ever had. But like most years in this locality,
there were variations in the flow — sometimes
faster than others. In that year 18,133 sec-
tions averaged 14.866 ounces each ; the heav-
iest 12-section-case contained 12 pounds and
14 ounces; the lightest 12-section-case con-
tained 9 pounds and 13 ounces. The honey
was piled in piles of 15 cases each, and the
heaviest pile weighed ITS pounds; the light-
est pile weighed 156 pounds.

Please take these figures, together with
those of Mr. Ricketts on page 8, and those of
Mr. Hall on page 17, and tell us what you
conclude about being able to settle on a cer-
tain size of section that shall always produce
just about a pound.

It must be admitted that in Dr. Miller's
figures there is not much difference in the
total averages of the different years, the
greatest range being only a little more than
half an ounce on a section; moreover, his
averages are very close to Mr. Ricketts' I47.5
ounces. But Mr. Hall's 793 bee-way sections
averaged 15.414 ounces each, lacking the
merest trifle of being an ounce heavier than
Dr. Miller's average in 1897. That is bad
enough, but nothing compared with Dr.
Miller's flgures for 1903. Between his heaviest
and lightest case there was a difference of 3
pounds and 1 ounce, or a shade more than 4
ounces per section. Almost surely the differ-
ence was yet more between the heaviest and

the lightest single section. Even when piles
of 15 cases were taken, the difference between
heaviest and lightest pile was 1.955 ounces
per section, which would malie a difference
of 344 pounds in 2000 sections.

There is no question that a larger section
would give larger average weight, but there
is no reason to suppose that the variations in
weight would not continue, and with a possi-
ble variation of 200 pounds or more in a ton,
would Mr. Ricketts be satisfied to call such a
section about 16 ounces?

How to Make Honey-Vinegar

From a bulletin of the Arizona Agricultural
Experiment Station is taken the following:

When a barrel of honey-vinegar is to be
made for family use or by me small producer,
we offer the following formula :

Extracted honey, 40 to 45 pounds; water,
30 gallons; ammonia chloride, 4 ounces;
potassium bicarbonate, 3 ounces ; and sodium
phosphate, 2 ounces.

One-quarter cake of dry yeast softened in
luke warm water.

The chemicals for making 30 gallons will
cost about 25 cents in a small way, but on a
large scale not more than 10 cents. Some-
what larger amounts of potassium bicarbon-
ate and sodium phosphate would give even
better results, but the amounts are here cut
to the minimum to bring the cost low enough
to make it profitable.

In from 3 to 4 weeks all visible fermenta-
tion will have ceased and the yeast settled
out. Now rack off the wine, add 10 gallons
of good vinegar, containing a little mother,
and let stand undisturbed in a place having
as near as possible an even temperature of
from 75 to 80 degrees Fahr. The acetic fer-
mentation may be started by fioating mother,
or the scum from an old cask, on the surface
of the mixture by means of thin cork-shav-
ings. Carried out in this way, and a suitable
temperature (temperature over 85 degrees
Fahr., will retard the process and cause loss
of both alcohol and acid), a good honey-vin-
egar can be produced in from 4 to 6 months.

Legislation for Illinois Bee-Keepers

We have received the following very im-
portant communication from Mr. C. P. Da-
dant, of Hamilton, 111. :

Mr. Editor:— I desire to call the attention
of the beekeepers of the State of Illinois to
the necessity of helping the passage of the
Bills which are now before the Legislature of
the State in the interest of bee-culture, as
follows :

A Bill making an appropriation for the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association.

A Bill providing for the appointment of a
State Inspector of Apiaries, and prescribing
his powers and duties.

A Bill to prevent the spraying of fruit-
bloom.

The first of these Bills passed the Legisla-
ture before, and all that is needed is a renewal
of the same Bill, in the same way that Bills
are passed for the support of the State Agri-
cultural and Horticultural Associations. The
appropriations formerly granted have given
our State Secretary, Mr. Stone, an opportu-
nity of spreading information on bee-culture,
and have made our State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation a permanent institution; besides en-
abling us actively to fight foul brood.

The second Bill is needed to give power to
the State Inspector of Apiaries, who has been
thus far employed by the State Association,
and has done very good work in the destruc-
tion of foul brood, but might be handicapped
if it became necessary to destroy diseased col-
onies of ignorant or recalcitrant apiarists. It
is also needed to put a penalty on the ship-
ping or selling of diseased colonies of bees.
The proposed law is almost a duplicate of the
Wisconsin foul brood law. Twelve States^
or more, have foul brood laws now, and it is.
time that Illinois should fall in line with
other progressive States on this point. The
proposed law had already passed the Senate
of the previous General Assembly, but failed,
in the House, only on account of lack of time.
It should pass during this session.

The third Bill is intended to prevent the
wholesale poisoning of bees by a misunder-
stood or misapplied use of tree-spraying.
Fruit-trees should be sprayed when the'fruit
is forming, but the blossoms should be
allowed to be fertilized first. In this way the
danger to bees, and to those who might eat.
of the honey, will be avoided, and the spray-
ing will serve its real purpose, that of de-
stroying the insects which prey upon the
formed fruit. Spraying just .i/'to- the bloom
has fallen is the most advisable, though ill-
advised dealers in spraying apparatus often
recommend spraying during bloom. This is
an mjury to the pollen, which often becomes
diluted in the poisonous liquid and is ren-
dered inert. So, even if the bees were in no
danger, it would be unadvisable for horticul-
turists to spray before the bloom is out

Senator Berry, who is one of the leading
members of the present General Assembly

Jan. 24, 1907

American l^ee Journal

urges us to use all our influence upon our re-
spective members of the Legislature in recom-
mending the passage of these Bills. So I
trust that all of the Illinois readers of the
American Bee Journal will write to the Rep-
resentatives and Senators of their district,
asking careful consideration of these meas-
ures. All favorable answers to such requests
should be forwarded to Mr. James A. Stone,
Route 4, Springfield, 111., in order to put him
in possession of all necessary indications.

A concerted action will surely result in suc-
cess. We are as yet in the infancy of our in-
stitutions, and things that seem difficult to-
day will be taken as a matter of course in a
few years ; but it is only by a united effort
that we can get our industry on a good basis,
and become recognized as we should be.
Help us, boys; and don't delay.

C. P. Dadant,
Chairman Committee on Legislation.

The following Is a copy of the proposed
law against spraying while in bloom :

An Act to Prevent the Spraying of
Fruit-Bloom.

Sec. 1. — Be it enacted by the people of the
State of Illinois represented in the General
Assembly, that it shall be unlawful for any
one to spray fruit-bloom with any poisonous
compound that may endanger the life of the
honey-bees that feed upon the nectar of such
bloom, or the health of those who eat of the
honey produced therefrom.

Sec. 2. — Any person violating the provisions
of this Act shall be deemed guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and shall be fined not less than ten
(10) nor more than fifty (50) dollars.

We trust that every bee-keeper in Illinois
will write his Representatives and Senator at
once. As Mr. Dadant well says, it as vnitecl
effort that counts in such matters. All three
of the proposed Bills should be passed. We
believe they will be if only bee-keepers will
do their duty.

(Vliscellaneous
Kews -If cms

Wanted -Oct. -ith, 1906, Nuiulier of

the American Bee Journal. We are out of
that issue, and would appreciate it very much
if some of our readers who have it, and do
not care to keep it for a complete volume,
would mail it to us. We will send either a
Queen-Button or 2 of our Souvenir Postal
Cards to any one who sends us the Oct. 4th
copy in good condition.

Robert B. 3IcCain, a bee-keeper at
Oswego, 111., recently spoke at a Farmers'
Institute, and gave such complete satisfac-
tion that his name has been placed on the
list of Institute lecturers. Mr. McCain has
attended the Chicago-Northwestern conven-
tions during the past few years, and is well
known to its members. He expects soon to
be prepared also to give stereopticon lectures
on bees and bee-keeping.

first adventure into the tar worla of uiossum-
ing clover under the hill."

The honey from the 220 colonies was al-
extraoted at night, for fear of the bees, even
compelling the night work of a little company
of women to fill jars and paste on labels. It
took 3 ar 4 men to do the uncapping, and the
extractor was of sufficient capacity to take 25
or 30 combs at a time !

But these flights of imagination are amus-
ing rather than harmful, and much real in-
formation may be gained from the book,
which is written in delightful style, so that
time will be as pleasantly spent in reading
this as in reading the most of fiction, and to
better advantage.

"The Bee-Master of Warrilow."—

Under this title has been issued in London a
small book of 64 pages, with 11 really good
full-page illustrations. It is by Tickner Ed-
wardes, who poses for what he perhaps really
is a newspaper man with no knowledge of
bees. He visits bee-keepers, principally one
old man from whom the title of the book is
taken, and recounts what he sees and what
he is told.

In the main the book is in accord with
facts, but sometimes goes rather wild, the
imagination of the writer apparently be-
ing allowed full play, as where it is said of
the workers in spring that had survived the
winter:

" Their task of hatching the new spring
generation was over: and now, the power of
flight denied them, they busied themselves in
the work of sentinels at the gate, or in groom-
ing the young bees as they came out for their

A Call to Indiana Bee-Keepers.—

There will be a meeting of Indiana bee-keep-
ers at Indianapolis, on Feb. 6, 190", at the
State House, in Room 12. One object will be
to form a State Association, but the most im-
portant business will be the promotion of a
foul brood law for that State. There will be
a morning and afternoon session, beginning
promptly at 10 a.m. The united efforts of
Indiana honey-producers are earnestly solic-
ited. It is hoped there may be a large attend-
ance. For further particulars address Walter
S. Ponder, Indianapolis, Ind.

is not so very much shorter than her hus-
band. They are a delightful couple to meet,
and both seem to think that Texas is " it.''

Of course, our readers feel pretty well ac-
quainted with Mr. SchoU by this time, as he
has been conducting " Southern Beedom " for
over a year. He says he has lots of "good
stuff " on hand for his department, and is
determined that the new conductor of " Cana-
dian Beedom " shall not get ahead of him in
any way. It remains to be seen just how
close a race Mr. Byer will give Mr. SchoU. No
doubt the latter can take longer steps than
the former, but he may not be able to take
them so fast, so Mr. Byer may stand a very
good show of Keeping up, even if he doesn't
get ahead.

It may be that Miss Wilson will say that
Mrs. SehoU's picture belongs in " Our Bee-
Keeping Sisters' " department. But we didn't
like to run the risk of separating her from
Mr. SchoU, especially when the two pictures
came on one card, which would indicate that
the intention was to keep them together.

Mr. and Mrs. SchoU live in New Braunfels,
Tex., which, we understand, is almost a sec-
tion of Germany transplanted in America.
The special car of bee-keepers stopped for a
minute or two when passing through New
Braunfels. We looked for Mr. and Mrs.
SchoU, expecting that they would be " at
home," but we found that they were already
in San Antonio, waiting to receive the North-
ern bee-keepers there when they should ar-
rive.

John Doll & Son. proprietors of the
Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Company, of
Minneapolis, Minn., have sent us a very
nicely Ulustrated calendar for 1907. It con-
sists of a heavy card, Sxl2 inches in size, on
the center of which is a pretty picture show-
ing a road with a bridge over a ravine, en-
titled, "Through the Woods." Below the
picture is the calendar.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only SI. 40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

Mr. and Mrs. Louis H. Scholl appear
in the picture on the first page this week.
Those who attended the National Convention
will rember meeting them in San Antonio,
last November. Mr. Scholl was just recover-
ing from a long and severe illness. Mrs.
SchoU was quite well, and as they were mar-
ried only last summer, they seemed to be
still "on their honey-moon." Mr. Scholl is 6
feet 2 inches in height when he feels well and
straightens himself up. We think Mrs. Scholl

Self-propelled Vehicles.— A practical
treatise on all forms of automobiles, by James
E. Homans, A. M., fifth revised edition, en-
tirely rewritten. This popular book fulfills
the requirements of the motor vehicle owner,
operator and repairer. Price S2.00. Address,
Theo. Audel & Co., 63 Fifth Ave., New York,

N. y. ^

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

/an. 24, 1907

American Bee -JoarnalJ

rfl^^^^P

How to Spend the Bee- Keep-
er's Winter Months

BY c;. M. DOOI.ITTI.E.

Most of bee-keepers seem to think that
the winter months allow them to "let
loose" of our pursuit, for the bees in
winter repose are better left undis-
turbed. Perhaps the bees are better un-
disturbed, but the bee-keeper who pays
no thought or attention to the subject of
apiculture from the time the honey is
taken oiY the hives till the following
May, cannot reap the richest harvest
from his bees.

During the fall he should know that
all of his colonies are in the best shape
for wintering, that they have plenty of
stores, that they are safely housed, and
that nothing has been left undone that
will contribute toward their most suc-
cessful wintering. Then, if the bees are
wintering out on the summer stands,
they should be allowed to fly whenever
any chance occurs through the tempera-
ture rising to 45 degrees in the shade,
with the air still, and the sun shining.
If the hives are buried with snow, or the
entrance clogged with ice or dead bees,
they should have all of these obstruc-
tions removed, for an occasional winter
flight is of the greatest advantage. Don't
be hanging around the "corner grocery"
at such times as this, and, if I say never
stay there, only as you have business, I
would give expression to the thrifty
side of life.

Should the bees in the cellar become
uneasy during March, it is generally
better to put them out for a flight. And
if they can be protected by chaff or
Other packing, I would recommend leav-
ing them out. Otherwise they would
better be returned till the weather is
likely to allow their flying as often as
once a week. With such frequent flights
they will be more likely to come out
well, than they will if kept in the cellar
till the elms and soft maples bloom,
as is generally recommended as the
time of final taking out. But so long
as they remain quiet in the cellar, I
would not disturb them till it is time
to take them out for good.

When pollen becomes plenty, examine
the bees by lifting the frames of each
hive, and if the; colonies are weak, it is
better to confine the bees, by means
of a dummy, to the frames which have
brood in them, together with one frame
of honey, so as to help them in keeping
up the necessary heat for brood-rearing. A
queen will lay from 700,000 to 1,000,000
eggs during her lifetime, if she is a good
one, and lives from 3 to 5 years; but
under the present system of manage-

ment, the queen is generally coaxed to
lay all these eggs in 2 or 3 years.

Of course, the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal all know that bees
gather honey, not make it, and the eggs
laid by the queen produce bees; con-
sequently the more eggs the queen lays,
the more bees we get, and the more
bees we have, the more honey they
gather.

Then another item comes in right
here, which is, that to gather honey to
the best advantage, these bees must be
on the stage of action just when the
flowers are secreting the most nectar.
To have a multitude of bees in the
hives when there is no honey or nectar
in the flowers amounts to nothing. So
we must time our work so as to have
the queens laying the most prolifically
at the suitable time before the honey-
flow.

And this brings in another factor :
We must know our locality, so that
we are conversant with the time of
blooming of all of our honey-producing
flora ; then bring our maximum strength
of bees to meet the flow, and in this
way we are sure of success, providing
the weather is favorable for the secre-
tion of nectar. Of course, we are large-
ly dependent upon Dame Nature for
some of these thmgs, but if we fail
through thoughtlessness, ignorance or
lack of energy on our part, the harvest
will be largely a failure, even where
Nature supplies all that is necessary for
a bountiful harvest.

As soon as the queen has filled with
eggs all the combs which were allowed
at the time of manipulation above men-
tioned, more combs must be given, and
whether contracted or not, we should
see that the bees have plenty of stores
at all times, for brood-rearing can not
go on at its best where the bees are
scrimping their food to the larvx on
account of a shortage of honey, look-
ing toward starvation to the whole col-
ony.

A little before the hives are filled
with brood the surplus arangement
should be put on, not waiting for the
bees to swarm, as some do, for it often
happens that many colonies will not
swarm at all. but stick right to storing
honey all the season through, when
the supers are put on at the right time.

_Now.^ in order to do all of these
things just when they ought to be done,
the hives, supers, etc., should all be put
in readiness during the winter months^
all ready to put on at a moment's no-
tice during the summer's work; so, as
soon as the work of the fall is done up,
these things should be looked after, and
faithfully attended to till everything is
in readiness for the oncoming season.
As you complete these things, one after

another, store them away in neat and
tidy order, so that they will not de-
preciate by standing, through dust col-
lecting on ihem, or from the depreda-
tions of mice and rats.

If you still have more time, get
around the back numbers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal, and other papers and
books on bees, if you have them, and
re-read and "post up," and you will
be surprised to find how many new
thoughts and ideas you will get and
find, which escaped your former read-
ing, or else have slipped from your
memory since you read them before.

Have a note-book with you when you
read, with one or two pages for every
month, and as you read jot the thought
down under the month for which it is
appropriate, and then when summer
comes, you will have these things at
your "tongue's end," or at your "fingers'
tips," ready for use just when they are
wanted. Say, if you will do this, you
will say that you get double value out
of the American Bee Journal, or any
other bee-paper or book which you re-
read in this way; for new things and
new visions will open up and unfold to
you which had passed unnoticed before.

Then, if you find out anything new,
or can shed any new light on some old
subject; in short, if you can add your
mite of knowledge to these columns,
don't be backward in doing it. No mat-
ter if you can't write as well as some,
or can't put your thoughts together as
you think they ought to be. Editor York
is "at the helm," and he can make "the
crooked things straight," and the "rough
places smooth," for both you and me.
Come on, beloveds. Let's make this win-
ter one of great advancement along bee-
keeping lines. Borodino, N. Y.

Selling Section-Honey by the
Piece, Etc.

BY WM. DUESCHER.

I am not in favor of selling honey
by the piece. The "piece-seller" at the
convention in Denver, Colo., gave the
example of oranges being sold by the
piece. It seems to me the largest or
heaviest of anything brings, or ought
to bring, the highest price. The most
of mj' honey in 1903 weighed from 24 to
26 pounds per case. This should have
brought a good price, as every cell was
full of honey, but the honey dealers
wrote me they get less for such honey.

I use i^, 1% and 2-inch sections,
and have always bought three kinds of
shipping-cases. For years I have packed
i-54-inch sections in 2-inch section-cases,
in which they fit better, and which saves
me one case in every 6.

Piping of Queens and Second S\v.«ms.

In the Bee Journal for Feb. 9, '05,
Canadian Bee Journal was asked, "When
you put your ear to a hive the evening
before a second swarm issues, did you
ever hear more than one queen pipe?"
The queens pipe 3 days before the sec-
ond swarm issues. When such a swarm
has settled in its new hive, sometimes a
queen flies out, followed by bees, but re-
turns and is surely killed. My father

Jan. 24; 1907

American ^ee Journal j^^^

left the swarm where he hived it until
evening, and often found a dead queen
before it.

An old way of keeping colonies from
robbing is one used by my father long
ago. One of his colonies was being
robbed by his neighbor's bees. He told
him to destroy some of the honey in the
brood-frames; that is, cause it to run
out. This prevented the robbing, and
saved my father's colony.

Joining the National.

My property here consists of 7 lots,
nearly 400 feet long. My bees are no
trouble to the neighbors, and I don't
expect to need help from the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, but I joined
it for the benefit of others, thus helping
to make it stronger.

Reports for 1905 and 1906.

In the spring of 1906 I brought my
36 colonies of bees out of the cellar, all
alive. One colony had a very poor
queen, which left me 35. I had only 6
first and one second swarm. There was
not so much clover as in 1905, as the
ice in the spring froze out most of it.
Nevertheless, I got 70 pounds of comb-
honey per colony, spring count. In 1905
I got 80 pounds per colony, spring
count, and so many swarms that I got
sick of hiving them and let many go.

On Dec. i, 1906, I put 34 colonies
into the cellar.

Wrightstown, Wis., Jan. 7.

Some Bee-Enemies in New
England— Spiders, Etc.

BY ALLEN L.\THAM.

Much has appeared of late about ants
and their destructiveness to bee-pros-
perity, and we not infrequently read of
the actions of toads, kingbirds, etc., but
seldom have I ever read in our bee-
periodicals of the worst enemy which
our bees have in New England.

Here in New England, except for an
occasional toad or "bee-martin," our
bees are little molested during the spring
and early summer. During those months
the colonies hold their own in num-
bers, and, though the work may be se-
vere, the full force keeps very constant
The reason for this is not difficult to
find, for most of the enemies of the
bee have lived through the preceding
winter in the egg form, or else in such
small numbers as adults to make small
showing. It is when the pests from the
eggs have begun to get their growth,
or the few adults have become mothers
of full-fledged offspring that our bees
in New England begin to suffer.

Among these bee-enemies may be
mentioned robber-flies, dragon-flies,
various bugs, and spiders.

The robber-flies and dragon-flies are
not a serious menace to bees in Nor-
wich, though there is no question ^at
many a honey-laden worker falls prey
to these insect-tigers.

Among bugs, I know of two sorts that
delight over a meal of honey-bee. One
is vulgarly known as the "stink-bug" —
the well-known bug which frequents ripe
berries, and which affords a revelation
when taken into the mouth unseen on

a luscious raspberry. This true bug, of
the genus Capsus, when mature, frequents
flowers, and with its powerful beak will
pierce the body of the honey-bee which
alights near it; and unless the bee is
vigorous the bug will suck out the vital
juices and leave the dry carcass.

Another bug, of the genus Phymata,
is even more serious. This bug is of a
peculiar shape, suggestive of the black
squash-bug, but more irregular in out-
line, and it has a wonderfully developed
pair of anterior limbs. With these
powerful limbs this bug will seize and
hold its victim, even though the victim
be larger, and suck out its very life.
These bugs are very numerous on our
fall flowers, and earlier can be found
on the thistle blooms.

On our thistles will also be found a
spider — so-called crab-spider, family
name Thomisidae — which pushes its
body into the blossoms and with its in-
conspicuous legs extended lies in wait for
its prey — a honey-bee. This spider of
numerous species is usually colored like
the blossom on which it rests.

If this were the only spider which
preyed upon the bee we should have
occasion for joy, but it happens to be
only one of the many sorts which fatten
upon bees. Some of these I will briefly
mention, and state the amount of their
destructiveness.

About the hive there are three kinds
to be found at almost any time of the
year. One is the ugly, slim-legged,
brown-bodied beast hanging in its ir-
regular web along with several (pos-
sibly) of its egg-cases. The spider is
one of the Theridiidae, the most nu-
merous of all spider families. This spid-
er is not serious, because its nest is usu-
ally in some out-of-the-way corner
where only inquisitive robber-bees are
likely to become entangled.

But one of the Attidae unquestionably
kills many, many bees, and though I
have seen one consuming a bee-moth I
have little liking for the beast. This
jumping spider builds no web in which
to catch her prey, but stalks towards her
victim and when within a few inches
gives a deadly spring. I once saw a
bee spring for the spider at the same
instant that the spider sprang for the
bee ; at any rate, spider killed bee, and
bee killed spider. Bite and sting proved
equally fatal. The spider is black and
white, chunky of body, short of limbs,
and moves with quick, jerky motions.
Though I love it not, this spider com-
mands my respect, for it is a brave and
powerful little huntress. Respect her
though I do, I nevertheless crush every
one I find about the hives.

The third spider which is common
about our hives is, or rather are, for
there are two or three species at least
which delight to live about the hives —
the common, long-legged, hairy spider
which builds a flat nest with a tubular
den. Doubtless these spiders are of the
family Agalenida;. The female, as is
generally true of spiders, is the rapac-
ious one, and the back of her den will
show the fragments of many a doomed
bee. Sometimes this spider will suc-
ceed in spinning her web in the very hive
and thus live entirely upon bees. As
it is harmful to bees only about the
hives it is a rather simple matter to

overcome this enemy by tearing down
its web and keeping as few nooks and
crannies as possible about the hives, es-
pecially keeping down all weeds.

During my 5 years of bee-keeping here
in Norwich I have wondered at the
great loss of field-force after the open-
ing of the fall flow. At first I laid it
to the fact that breeding had fallen off
during August, and that the bees were
simply dying of old age. I still think
this to be partly the cause, but only a
part, and a small part at that. My sus-
picions fell upon certain spiders two
years ago, and are no longer suspicions
but certainties. Two of the round-web
spiders, sometimes called geometrical
spiders, are beyond any doubt, in my
opinion, the cause of immense destruc-
tion to bee-life in this vicinity.

Species of Epeiras, the typical genus
of the family Epeiridae, and Argiope,
the black and yellow spider so com-
mon about bushes in the fall of the
year, are the members of the innumer-
able spider-life which do untold harm
to the prosperity of the bee-hive. It
is hardly necessary to describe these
spiders, as doubtless they are already
recognized. The first, Epeira Vulgaris,
and her variously colored sisters, is a
huge-bodied, clumsy insect when fully
grown. Her round web is known to
every one. She stays at home in the
center of the web while young, but later
builds a den above at one side, by draw-
ing together two or three leaves and
binding the same with silk. Here she
stays till a victim gets entangled.
Down she runs to the center of the web
and by means of a telephone developed
by her ages before man devised his,
she determines where the victim is, and
rushes out upon the helpless fly, grass-
hopper, or bee. Shrouding the prey in
silk she cuts it loose from the web,
hangs it to one hind foot and "shins
up" to her nest to eat it at leisure. This
spider is either variously colored, or
else there are innumerable species all
alike except in color. It is difficult to
find two colored exactly alike. Beauties
as far as coloring is concerned, they
ever attract attention,

Argiope is the long-bodied (abdomen
not round as in Epeira) black and yel-
low spider of the garden. While at rest
in her web she brings her legs together
into four pairs, two on a side, so that
to a near-sighted person she appears to
have but four legs. She is always to
be found in the center of her circular
web, often partly hidden by a peculiar
wavy ribbon of silk, which is run across
the middle of the web up and down.
This spider catches her prey just as
does the preceding, but leaves it shroud-
ed where it is caught till hunger calls
for it. Thus more than one victim will
be seen in the web at once. A favorite
locality with these spiders is a clump
of goldenrod.

I firmly believe that these two spiders,
especially the last-described one, cause
the death of two-thirds of the field-
force of all the colonies about here dur-
ing the fall flow.

One has only to walk through the
fields in mid-September and see what is
to be seen. I have noted no less than
25 of these circular webs about the
goldenrod on a plot of ground which

Jan. 24, 1907

69

would not equal a square rod. And in
each of these webs at any time during
the middle and latter part of the day
will be seen from one to 3 shrouded
bees. When one considers that bees
must range over thousands of such
square rods he soon realizes that the
SO dead bees on the square rod noted
quickly mounts into many thousands.

The late fall was a remarkable one
here both for abundance of bloom, and
the many days of favorable weather for
nectar-gathering. In Massachusetts,
where I used to keep bees, I could sure-
ly have counted on a very fair surplus,
from all strong colonies. I got no sur-
plus, and many colonies of average
strength only a moderate supply for
winter. To be sure, brood-rearing was
not active in August, and much of the
field-force consisted of old bees, but
that would not account for colonies
strong enough to cover lo frames, and
to be in the sections also dropping down
in 10 days to insufficient numbers to
•cover 5 frames of comb.

Before the season was half over, only
those colonies which had happened to
breed heavily right up to the flow con-
tinued to gather much surplus. So I
know that hundreds of thousands of my
bees fell victims to those voracious
spiders, and I have not the slightest
doubt that those spiders cost me hun-
dreds, possibly thousands, of pounds of
surplus. As it was, the strongest colony
put in about 6o pounds of fall honey.
This colony had two sets of brood-
combs. Knowing the cause of the fail-
ure in producing surplus honey, I am
seriously considering hiring boys to go
out on the war-path against these
spiders. It so happens that Argiope builds
her nest of eggs right near her old web,
and it is easy to find. To find it and
destroy it means the destruction of two
or three hundred prospective offspring.
The nest is circular, about the size of
a large cherry, and hangs suspended in
open view all through the winter. I
am thinking of hiring boys to gather
the nests by the dozen or hundred.

These spiders are never noticed in
spring and early summer, and only as
they grow towards maturity do they be-
come a menace to apiculture. Thus our
bees hold their own in numbers through
the summer months, but go off rapidly
in the fall months.

I recognize the spider as holding a
useful place in Nature, but I should be
pleased to see her numbers grow less in

'•< part of Connecticut.

Xorwich, Conn.

Uses of Honey in Foods and
Remedies

TRANSL.\TED BY C. P. D.\D.\NT.

The Paris bee-paper, " L' apiculture
Nouvelle," quotes the following from a
small pamphlet bv a French author, Mr.
C. Moulin:

The scientific men tell us that honey
is an almost complete aliment, very bene-
ficial to man's body, and very easy to
digest, because contrary to sugar, it does
tiot need to be transformed in order
to be assimilated ; because, like
sugar, and without having any of the

American Hae Journal

disadvantages uf sugar, and under a
small volume, it restores the strength
of a fatigued man who still has to per-
form muscular labor before being able
t(j take food and rest ; because, being
slightly laxative and diuretic, it helps
the functions of the intestines, and of
the kidneys, and through this the elim-
ination of used-up substances which are
in the organs. This is important with
sick people, in whom these functions are
often inactive ailjEI are yet needed to
eliminate the cause of disease.

So honey is much preferable to su-
gar to sweeten the herb-teas ; a single
spoonful of honey diluted in a cup of
hot water constitutes what might be
called a "tea-of-a-thousand-bloom," for
the bees have visited even a greater
number of them to harvest it. It is an
excellent excipient for all medicines, and
for this reason is much employed in
pharmacy, especially for veterinary medi-
cines.

It contains formic acid — a very anti-
septic substance ; that is to say, a sub-
stance which destroys many ferments
and several sorts of microbes; for that
reason it was formerly employed a great
deal to cure eye-soreness, cuts, scratches,
burns and small wounds, and the Rom-
ans employed it to embalm the dead, by
putting in honey the bodies they wished
to transport to a distance.

For the eyes I have devised a mix-
ture of equal parts of rose-water and
choice honey, which cured many persons
suffering from cold draughts, bruises,
irritation of the eye-lids or benign
opthalmy; for recent wounds, scratch-
es, cuts and burns of a light form. I
have manufactured an ointment which
I call the "apiarist's salve," by mixing
thoroughly, over a bain-marie, one part
of fresh propolis, 2 parts of white bees-
wax, and 7 parts of honey. Applied
with carbolated cottoti wadding; this
runs less than pure honey, covers the sore
better, and better prevents the access of
ferments, of microbes suspended in the
air, or of the air itself, of which the
oxygen is the great disintegrating agent
in nature.

A physician of my friends has stated
to me that he has cured stubborn cases
of constipation upon several of his clients
by making them take, every evening, a
large spoonful of honey, when going to
bed, sometimes for several months to-
gether ; that this has succeeded fully as
well as sending them to Switzerland, to
be cured with buttermilk, or to the
South or to Italy to be cured by eating
grapes and figs, and that this honey-
cure may be practiced in any season of
the year.

Doctor Pauchet, of Arcachon, substi-
tutes, to cod liver oil, the "butiromiel"
composed of 2 parts of fresh butter and
one part of honey, mixed and whipped
together, which makes a sort of cream,
and is used without repugnance by his
patients, and produces upon them the
same results, approximate!}', he says.

Doctor Boudard, physician in the
Navy, at Marseilles, has stated to me
that he and several of his colleagues
have relieved many persons afflicted with
nervous debility, neurasthenia and other
nervous affections that prevented them
from sleeping, by advising them to eat
but little at their evening meal, and take

J

2 or 3 tablespoonfuls of honey when re-
tiring.

I must stop, for it would take two more
pages to give briefly all that I have
been told by doctors, or that I have
read in scientific works, on the benefits
of honey for the health.

1 have been a bee-keeper for l8 years,
thanks to the numerous learned works
that I have read and re-read and com-
mented upon during an entire winter,
and it is now IS years since I have be-
gun, owing to the above-mentioned rea-
sons, to try to make proselytes in api-
culture, and to hunt new uses for honey.
I am satisfied that the more men will
consume of this beneficent mamia, which
the industrious bees harvest everywhere,
the more healthy they will be.

The most satisfactory and most useful
preparations I have devised are syrups
of honey, which are not so limpid as
those found in commerce, but are much
more salubrious. I make these by mix-
ing a quart of water with 8 pounds of
honey, which I heat an bain-marie (over
hot water) and skim. If I incorporate
in the. syrup from so to too drops of es-
sence of eucalyptus per quart, it gives
me a eucalyptus syrup with which I
cured rapidly a great number of per-
sons suffering from colds, hoarseness,
sore throats and slight attacks of bron-
chitis, by directing them to use half a
pint of this syrup, which they must take
in tablespoonful doses with a tea made
of basswood blossoms or orange leaves,
according to the case ; and I relieved a
number of others having chronic affec-
tions of the respiratory organs, such as
catarrh or asthma.

If instead of essence of eucalyptus I
use in the syrup of honey the same quan-
tity of essence of mint, it becomes suit-
able, in doses of a tablespoonful in a cup
of hot water, to help weak stomachs, or
prevent indigestion in persons whose di-
gestion is accidentally bad; if I use
essence of anise-seed it becomes anti-
flatulent. If I use essence of pine-apple
or of raspberries, etc., or, better yet, if
I use, instead of water to make the sy-
rup, the same proportion of well-filtered
juice of currants, raspberries, cherries,
etc., I have a syrup which in hot weather
makes a splendid preparation for seltzer
or soda-water, or other mineral water.

I manufacture pastes similar to ju-
jube-paste, which I also cut into small
squares or lozenges. Melt in an enam-
eled skillet, over a bain-marie, 2 ounces
of gelatin with 3 ounces of water. When
by stirring you have brought the gelatin
to the consistency of a soft dough, still
stirring briskly, pour into it slowly about
14 ounces of honey which has been prev-
iously heated also an bain-marie ; when
the parts are thoroughly mixed, pour it
into a paste mould, or into a flat dish
which has been lubricated with choice
olive-oil. If before pouring out we in-
corporate, into the paste, essences of
either eucalyptus, mint or anise-seed, in
the proportion of 50 drops per 2 pounds,
it acquires the same properties as the
syrups, according to the essence used,
and I sometimes color diversely both
pastes and syrups for the trade of con-
fectioners and dealers.

If I incorporate into the paste from
8 to 12 ounces of cocoa, and a little va-
nilla, I call it "cocoa-honej'," and I pour

American ^ee Journal

Jan. 24, 1907

it into chocolate moulds. It then re-
sembles chocolate, b)- taste, appearance,
and preserving qualities, and may be
used in the same way, eitlier as a dainty
or with milk or water at the breakfast
table.

By simply mi.xing one part of the co-
coa with 2 parts of honey and a little
vanilla, we secure a paste which may
be preserved for several months, in a
jar, and may be used in a similar way.
A mixture of one part of sweet al-
monds and a few bitter almonds crushed,
with two parts of honey, nakts a deli-
cate almond-cake paste.

I have succeeded, but moderately, in

making honey-pastry, but I have secured
some delicious dishes, such as chestnuts
and honey. I first remove the outer
shell, then bake them with steam or very
little water, then removing the second
peel and the diaphragm, I roll them in
honey scented with vanilla, while hot,
and then in this way I have a dish much
resembling the highly-prized iced-chest-
nuts.

I dedicate this little essay to the kind
and lovely women wIk) are the natural
nurses and. usual housekeepers of the
homes, and are very much more intelli-
gent and much more expert than our-
selves in the preparation of all these lit-
tle dainties. C. Moulin.

outhern

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Hand-Shake to the "New Man."

So a new man takes Mr. Pettit's
place "at" "Canadian Beedom." We learn
that he is not so tall as his predeces-
sor, so there's no fear of one fellow
losing his place on the stafif as being
the "tallest," anyhow. Sorry Mr. Pettit
leaves us. Good luck to him in what-
ever he now undertakes. To the "new
man," a hearty shake.

time the Red JNIan roamed at large
almost unrestricted. There his father
engaged in farming in a small way : and
there "L. B." manifested his first in-
terest for the busy little bee, or we
might say showed the talent of an in-
born bee-keeper. His parents say he
would sit for hours and watch the bees

Lighting' a Smoker with a Gun

W. F. McCready, of Florida, gives the
following "hint on lighting smokers" :

"I arrived at the out-apiary with a gua, but
no matches; took the lead and part of the
powder out of a charge, and fired the balance
of loose powder into a rag-tilled smoker, and
instantly had it thoroughly lighted, without
the trouble of going to the nearest neighbor
for 'a light.' "

This is quite a novel way, but it may
" come In handy " for " us Texans." es-
pecially since our guns generally accom-
pany us on our trips to the apiaries.

Several times have I arrived at api-
aries to find that "the light " was left at
home, and not a match within a mile of
the apiary. It is better, though, to have
a large dry-goods bo.x with a hinged
cover, and this covered with tin, in each
apiary. The box is fitted with shelves
for many things generally used in the
apiary, and a small, tight tin-can full
of matches is one of these.

L. B. Smith, Bee-Keeper

Mr. L. B. Smith was born March
13, 1858, in Pontotoc Co., Miss. That
year his father moved to Bosque Co.,
Tex., to., what was then known as "The
Wild and Woolly West," as at th.-it

L. B. SMITH.

come and go from the old log and box
gums. When only 7 years old he suc-
cessfully hived his first swarm of bees,
taking them down from a limb of a very
tall tree. He also followed an abscond-
ing swarm (that chanced to leave his
father's primitive apiary), and located
them in a hollow tree, one mile from
home. He was alone, but his enthusias-
tic love and great desire to capture and

save the bees overcame his childish
prudence, and he took chances on being
shot down or captured by the wild
Indians that were then depredating the
country;

We next find "L. B." in Johnson Co.,
Tex., where his father had moved with
the hopes of at least being free from
the peril that constantly threatened his
family, and the losses he sustained from
the red man; and also he hoped to find
schools more plentiful. But, alas! in
the earlier days of Texas many a youth
that might have developed into bril-
liant manhood grew up like "L. B.,"
with a very meager education, and lived
to regret that an educational opportun-
ity never presented itself.

Mr. Smith has been married twice,
and says he owes what little education
he has to his first dear wife and her
sister — the writer of these lines. He
married while just a boy in his "teens,"
and how vividly the picture .stands out
before me, of a little vine-wreathed cot-
tage with gay flowers nodding to the
breezes, interspersed here and there with
a busy colony of bees, and the fair girl-
wife reading some periodical on bees,
and the bov husband listening and gaz-
ing intently at his much-loved pets.

It was in 1881 he saw some frame
hives, and becoming much interested in
them the farmer kindly loaned him one,
as a pattern to make others by. He
soon had his bees transferred into
frame hives, and subscribed for the
.•\merican- Bee Journal, Gleanings, etc.
Nothing escaped his eyes pertaining to
bees. He eager!}' read every line ob-
tainable on the subject. He lived to
learn.

While his education is quite limited,
his knowledge of bee-culture is exten-
sive, and I might be safe in saying
there is no man in the great State of
Texas that has written more letters,
and answered more questions in regard
to bee-culture, than has L. B. Smith. He
says, "I believe if the sheets of paper
were layed end to end that I have
written on this subject, they would
reach quite across the State.

Notwithstanding his style of writ-
ing, he has written many articles for
the various bee-papers, and today is
employed to write for two of the lead-
ing ones, which shows that his teach-
ings on apiculture are thoroughly prac-
tical and sound. He has several times
been offered a neat little sum to con-
duct a bee-department in the various
newspapers, of this and other States,
all of which was refused on account
of lack of time, education, etc.

Perhaps there is no better informed
bee-man in our State than Mr. Smith.
Having spent 25 years in search of
apiarian knowledge, his enthusiasm on
the subject amounts almost to a craze.
There are but few books and papers
that he is not perfectly familiar with.

He is a strong believer in the Langs-
troth hive and frame, and the good old
3-banded imported Italian bees, but says
he is sure there is more in the loca-
tion and management, than there is in
either the kind of bees or hives ; that
he could take any of the frame hives
in practical use today and make a suc-
cess of bees in a good locality.

He has never kept bees in large num-

Jan. 24, 1907

American Hea Journal

bers, usually keeping from 150 10 175
colonies, and tries to keep from 40 to
50 colonics in each yard. lie has never
been able to secure the large yields of
400 and 500 pounds of honey to the col-
ony that some report, his best yields
being only about loo pounds to the
colony, of extracted honey, and 50 to
75 pounds of comb honey. He has
produced many tons of honey in the
past 20 years, and has always found a
ready sale for it.

Mr. Smith never runs after new fads
and fancies in the way of so-called
improvements in hives and other fix-
tures for the apiary, always leaving that
for the "other fellow" to test. Yet he
is not so "set" in his ways and manner
of workmg that he is not willing to
adopt the plans and ideas of others
when they are shown to possess real
merit.

He is neither saint nor plebian, but
his integrity stands above reproach. He
was reared by Baptist parents, belongs
to no church, but inclines to the Chris-
tian faith. Owing to his jolly disposi-
tion and great love of music, he has
always been a favorite among the young
people, entertaining them for hours with
the sweet strains from his violin. He
loves Nature in all her charms, nothing
delighting him more than a lonely stroll
on a balmy spring day among the wild
flowers and budding branches, watching
the tiny bee gather the pollen, and lis-
tening to the warbles of the merry
songsters as they flit here and there
among the lofty branches that sway
above the silvery stream — the Rio Colo-
rado— near his home.

(Mrs.) Sallie Oliver.

our changes of weather beforehand, or
could we foritell the season to a better
extent, it would help us to profit much
by it. We could plan accordingly. In-

stead, wr are left "guessing" most of
the time, and left to "take our chances."
This, f believe, is more true of 'I'cxas
than other States.

Summer Weather in January

We are having peculiar weather her*
in the South. It is the middle ot Janu-
ary, and the thermometer registers 80
degrees Fahr., today — real summer heat.
Roses, violets, and carnations are in
full bloom in the gardens, and some
wild flowers are to be seen in sheltered
spots. Occasionally a fruit-tree is cov-
ered with flowers, and bees hum about
them. We are sleeping with windows
open. There have been only a few
frosty nights this winter, but cold wea-
ther may yet be expected during the
next 2 months. However, I shaft not
venture to predict the weather.

There is an old saying here in Texas
that amused some of our Northern dele-
gates to the San Antonio National Con-
vention last fall. Some of them naively
tried to "predict" the weather, not azvare
ho\vever_ that they were in "Texas."
The saying is somethmg like thij — and
you may know how some of them felt
about their predictions when they heard
it : "A Texan never tries to predict the
weather, because it is impossible to tell
anything about Texas weather," or what
it is going to do. So if }'OU hear any-
body predicting the weather in Texas,
you may put him down as being one
of two things — either he is a stranger or
he is a fool.

The above fact as regards our dis-
ability to know more about our weather
is quite a factor, and of interest to the
bee-keeper. Could we know more about

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Beeswax for Floor-Polish

As a wax-polish for floors, the Irish
Bee Journal gives the following :

Cut the beeswax into thin shavings, cover
with turpentine, let it stand 12 hours, stir up
with a sticlf, adding turpentine until the
mixture is thin like ordinary cream. Apply
it in small quantity, and polish with llannel.

Bee-Keepers-

-Transient
nent

and Perma-

" Leafless trees and meadows bare
Show the work of autumn air."

Ever since attempting out-apiaries I
have found it imperative to keep a
horse and conveyance of some kind.
Having these, and realizing that many
of those compelled to deny themselves
of such privileges enjoy a ride even
more than I do, I frequently make it a
point to give such a treat in the way of
a short trip over the country. Among
others, a certain little girl delights to
accompany me. Little worth notice
escapes her bright eyes She has made
herself well acquainted with the birds'-
nests in trees, hedges, brush, and
weeds all along the highway.

By being acquainted, I mean she
knows their history from the laying of
the first straws to the finishing touches
of the lining with soft material for the
reception of the delicate eggs, and,
later on, the tender young. From the
completion of the nests on, she anx-
iously watches and anticipates the time
for the birdlings to take their first les-
sons in flying. She knows the names
of different trees and plants, their time
and duration of blooming, the quan-
tity and quality of honey which may
be expected of them, perhaps much
better than many would-be bee-keepers.

Her innocent prattle along the home-
ward stretch diverts one's mind from
tired and worn feelings, and in forget-
ting them one is amply repaid for any
little extra trouble it has been to give
her the outing.

Recently, as the many-colored leaves
came scurrying down over us, I asked
her if autumn was not the most beau-
tiful of seasons ? She replied, with
not a little awe, combined with evident
distress and much concern, " Oh, no ;
don't you see the trees are almost bald-
headed?"

In so many cases beekeepers prove

to be most ardent lovers of Nature that
the questions, " Are Nature lovers " the
more likely to become bee-keepers, or
is it because they are bee keepers they
are compelled to be devotees of Na-
ture ? are forced upon me.

It is quite easy to imagine the com-
mercial bee-keeper so busy that the
beauty so lavishly spread all around
him is lost, or to no purpose ; but with
the average beekeeper this constitutes
one ot the principal charms connected
with the pursuit.

Right here we have two distinct
classes of bee-keepers — those who are
in the business for the love of it, and
those who are in it for the dollars it
brings. Quite a task lies ahead of
him who would enumerate a/i the dif-
ferent kinds of bee-keepers, and I do
not propose to attempt it, but the fol-
lowing are a few of them :

Male and female, white, yellow,
black, and I may add "green." (Of
course, there's no one going to take
offence, because only the jocularly in-
clined, and those farthest from it, are
going to be willing to acknowledge
they are in the latter class.) But to re-
turn to our list : The aged and young
bee-keeper ; the amateur and the pro-
fessional ; the small bee-keeper with
his mere handful of colonies, and the
extensive one with his thousands of
colonies; the ambitious enthusiast and
the aimless stupid ; the successful and
the unsuccessful ; those who are bee-
keepers for the fun of it, and those
who must needs be in earnest. All
these, and many more kinds, may be
classed under " transient and perma-
nent.'" The former a sort o' " thorn in
the flesh " of the fraternity, and the
latter its " bone and sinew. '

The shedding of the leaves and the
decay of vegetation brings desolate,
neglected apiaries of the former to
light, and how very prominent they
do stand out — a disgrace to their own-
ers, and, for that matter, a disgrace to
the whole following. 'Tis plain to see
these are they who are on the lookout
for something for nothing, and, find-
ing naught but disappointment, are
eager to cry down the whole business
as a fake and a humbug. They belong
to that rapidly growing class who
search the newspapers and periodicals
for the flaming advertisements which
announce "freeoffers," and repeatedly
grasp at the alluring promises, much

Jan. 24, 1907

American Hee Journal

the same as does the drowning man at
a straw.

The post-office department at Wash-
ington is ever on the alert to protect
the people, and is constantly combat-
ting and extinguishing frauds; but
new ways and means are as constantly
devised to catch the unwary, who are
seeking something for nothing, and
the army of victimized innocents
grows no smaller. How slow they are
to learn that a scoundrel will exercise
more ingenuity and more energy in
beating another out of a few cents
than would be required to make more
than as many dollars in a legitimate
pursuit. These rogues are watching
on the one hand for a " rake off," and
on the other making sure of not being
" raked in."'

The frantic, though fruitless, follow-
ing of one ignis-fatuus after another to
their final evanescence, teaches no les-
son, but rather seems to add fuel to the
flame of excitement, until the habit be-
comes a fixed one, and the appearance
of a flickering light in a new location
is but the signal for the beginning of
renewed chase. Poverty would be
known only as a myth, and the world
would be overflowed with plenty, were
all the efl'orts which are made to get
something for nothing turned to prac-
tical pursuits.

It is quite easy to make a fool of
one's self, but none of us ever fool
Nature into giving us more than we
have earned by honest endeavor.

While marketing honey the seller is
frequently greeted with, " You can
take much less than you are asking
for your honey," or remarks of similar
import, " because you get it for noth-
ing." But woe unto the man and
woman who starts in the business har-
boring such false notions; the awak-
ening to the truth will stagger them ;
and if in addition they coddle them-
selves into the belief that "there's
millions in it," they will get a hard
fall. The person who satisfies himself
or herself with slack methods, or,
rather, a lack of method, will in the
final round-up find the most dissatis-
faction.

I recently read of a banker who re-
fused to lend money to the farmer that
permitted his implements and ma-
chinery to remain outdoors, subject to
the ravages of the elements ; and the
bee-keeper who allows his capital stock
to lie around loose and unprotected
deserves no better treatment. To ex-
pect exturns from bee-keeping that
can cope with such drainage is unrea-
sonable. Such habits might almost
be termed "criminal carelessness," as
the loss therefrom is often most keenly
felt by the dependent family.

These are they whose banners bear
the legend, " Hard times,' and, indeed,
the desolate, neglected apiaries belong-
ing to such, cry "hard times" more
emphatically than the owners thereof.
While we deeply regret that the tran-
sient bee-keeper is not awake to his
opportunities (hence is of a necessity
transient), we comfort ourselves with
the reflection that the number of
the unconcerned within our ranks is no
greater than is to be found in connec-
tion with other vocations ; and that we
have hosts who are making the most

of their opportunities, and are appre-
ciative and thankful —

" Not only for this present store

In winter storm and blight,
But for the hope that asks for more,

And sees that more in sight."

These latter are our permanent bee-
keepers, of whom we are all so justly
proud, and who, when they fall down,
do not stop to " cry over spilled milk,"
but are up and at it again as if the
thought of defeat were not to be enter-
tained for a moment. The inscription
on their banners requires but one
more little letter, but instead of a

frowning, repellent one, it is smiling
and attractive. It reads, " Prosper-
ity."

As an industry, bee-keeping owes its
very existence to these undaunted stal-
warts. The pioneers deserve, of course,
the more credit, but there are those
among us who are valiantly fighting
our battles, and have already earned
bright laurels. Why wait until they
have passed to the Beyond before we
offer flowers ? For them we will need
to set up no memorials, for, truly, by
their works shall they be known.

(Mrs.) Mary E. Ndll.

Miami, Mo.

anadian
"Beadom

P . .. :

Conducted by E. L. Bier, Markham, Ont.

Combined Hive-Cover and Bee-
Feeder

Here is a drawing of cover and feeder
combined. It is an ordinary double-
walled cover, but there is a space of 2
inches between the two walls. The
crack A in the lower wall is about ^s-
inch wide. This is to allow the bees
access to feed, and is about 2 inches in

COMBINED HIVE-COVER iND BEE-FEEEER.

from the side of the cover, which is
permanently closed.

The second drawing shows the other
side of the cover, which is closed by
the door C. This door is a piece of Ji-
inch stuff, one end of which fits into
groove B. The other end of the door
goes against a little block on the in-
side of the end of the cover, and is
secured by a button D.

The feeder is a common dripping
pan of any size, about Vi inches deep.

To feed, simply fill the pan, and slide
it into the chamber, being careful not
to shove it over crack A.

This is an excellent thing to feed in
at any season. It is not necessary to
break the cover loose after it is sealed,
or in any way to disturb the bees. If
it is properly made it is nearly air-
tight, and is not a cold place for bees
to go at any time. I believe that bees
may be fed with this feeder in weather
which would prohibit feeding with any
other kind.

Some may object to the extra cost of
this cover, but there is little more ma-
terial in it than in other double covers.
When cost of feeders is considered,
this is really a cheaper arrangement.
Besides, this feeder is always on the
hive, and ready for use.

Ontario, Dec. 26. H. A. Smith.

Truly, it might be said, Of the mak-
ing of feeders there is no end. Some
are good, some bad, and others indif-
ferent. From the description given
by Mr. Smith, I don't know but that
his feeder deserves to be placed in the
first-named class. No doubt it would
be good for stimulative feeding, and it
certainly is so designed that with its
use the danger of robbing would be re-
duced to a minimum, as there would be
no excuse for spilling the syrup, or in
any way exposing it to other bees than
those for which it was intended.

One objection, if such it can be
called, to the Alexander feeder, is the
fact that all bottom-boards and hive-
stands have to be nicely adjusted,
otherwise there will be trouble. I am
sorry to say that in my yards the hive-
stands are not always nicely adjusted,
therefore the Alexander feeder does
not meet with favor in my eyes. With
Mr. Smith's feeder that objection is
not present, and to those who practise
stimulative feeding, it should be worth
a trial, at least.

I would be inclined to think that in

Jan. 24, 1907

American Hee Journal

cool weather the bees would be slow to
come up through that ;s-inch openingf,
but as Mr. Smith intimates that such
is not the case, I am willing to with-
hold judgment until others have tested
the matter,

As it seems winter feeding is becom-
ing quite common, even if it is not pop-
ular ; and as some may happen to have
colonies which they know are short of
stores, while the "feeder" subject is
under discussion, I thought it might
be wise to submit the following
from the Farmers' Advocate. I hap-
pen to be well acquainted with the
writer of the article, and know him as
one of Ontario's brighest of beekeep-
ers— in short, a hustler. It is needless
to say that anything from the pen of
" E. G. H.," I always read with inter-
est. Here is the article referred to :

^Feeding Bees in Winter.

While all bees should long before this time
of the year be snugly tucked away in their
winter quarters, with plenty of honey within
their reach to carry them through until
spring, there are almost sure to be a few col-
onies here and there which, from one cause or
another, have entered the winter "light in
stores," and, unless something be done to
help them, will starve to death before the win-
■ ter is over. Perhaps their owner neglected
them in the early fall, thinking he would have
more time to attend to them later on, or the
bees may have become the property, late in
the season, of some person who knew nothing
of their requirements, and has only very
lately become aware of their condition. In
either case, the bees must have feed given
them, if they are to be brought through the
winter.

If the owner of the hungry bees has any
combs full of honey in his possession, and the
combs on which the bees are wintering are of
the movable variety, his best plan is to re-
move a comb from near the outer side of the
hive (it this can be done without breaking
the cluster of bees), and to put a full comb in
place of the empiy one, getting it as near the
bees as possible. It the comb can not be got-
ten into the hive, the next best plan is to lay
it flat on top of the frames, placing a couple of
narrow strips of wood under it to hold it up
from the frames half an inch or so, so that
the bees may get at all the underside of it.
When the bees have emptied the underside,
turn it over; and when both sides are empty
remove it and place on another full one.

If no combs of honey are to be had, it will
be necessary to make what is known as
" hard candy " for the bees. If well made,
this candy will winter the bees iust as suc-
cessfully as honey will. To make the candy,
place granulated sugar in a vessel and add a
little water— just enough to slightly wet the
sugar. Melt it on the stove and boil it until
it will become hard and white when taken
from the stove and allowed to cool. Stir it
more or lees while boiling. To tell when it is
" done," test it occasionally by taking a little
from the stove and stirring it on a dish until
cold. When it cools hard, smooth, white and
dry, it is all right. When it reaches this
stage, remove it from the stove and stir while
cooling. If not stirred it will harden like
taffy instead of like candy, and will daub the
bees when they eat it.

When it has cooled to the point where it
will just nicely pour, it should be poured into
dishes or pans that will make cakes of con-
venient size for laying on top of the frames
of the hive. These cakes are laid on the
frames in the same manner as the combs
spoken of above. About 10 or 15 pounJs of
this candy should suffice for an ordinary col-
ony of bees, but they should be examined
again early in the spring and given more if
they are in anyway nearly out.

The principal thing to be careful of in mak-
ing hard candy is not to let it get burnt. The

least sign of lurning renders It unfit for bee-
food, and it will kill them if given to them.
Better make u small lot first to learn how.

After the Iii'ls have been given honey or
candy, they should be covered up well with
chaff or leave.s if wintered outside, and should
then be left severely alone until there is rea-
son to believe their supply of food may be
nearly exhausted.

Feeding bees in cold weather Is only mak-
ing the best of a bad job, but if you find your-
self with the had job on your hands. It is bet-
ter to miiki; the best of it than not to make
anything of it; and bees wintered on candy
are just as good, other things being equal, as
any other txjee, and are worth a good deal
more than bees that starve to death in Feb-
ruary. E. G. H.

Report of the Ontario, Can-
ada, Convention

REPORTED BY MOKLKY PETTIT.

lOootinned from paee ,=3]

SPRINa MANAGEMENT UF BEES

Spring m.'uiagemeut is a very impor-
tant part of bee-keeping and the writer
will not be able to do it justice.

Spring management depends so much
upon fall management that you will not
object, I hope, to a few remarks on that
subject: Every hive should have a good
queen and not less than 40 pounds of
good honey when put into winter quar-
ters; then if properly protected during
the long winter, spring feeding will not
be necessarj-. Feeding in spring is a
disagreeable job for the bee-keeper, and
you can not fuss around a hive at any
time of the year without annoying the
bees, more especially at this season.

Suppose a bee-keeper has about ic»
colonies, part having been wintered on
the summer stands, the balance in a
good cellar; if proper protection and
ventilation have been provided for, and
the hives left outdoors, there is no need
to touch them till we are having nice
days in April ; about that time those win-
tered in the cellar may be taken out,
but a great deal depends upon the sea-
son, some seasons being very much later
than others. .'\ good time for removal
from the cellar, if the bees can be kept
quiet, is when the first pollen is com-
ing on ; then choose a fine day. The
writer has not tried the Alexander plan,
and finds no difficulty with bees. Of
course, one must be careful not to put
too many hives in one place at the start
— put a few at one corner of the yard,
then the opposite corner, and so on, un-
til all are placed ; then take 4 or 5 sheets
of newspaper, previously saved for that
purpose, and cover the tops of the hives,
taking care that no heat can escape. Then
when the bees are done flying for the
day, close all the entrances as close as
possible ; this to keep the cold wind and
robber-bees out. If the hives on the
summer stands have not had paper put
under tlie cushions it should be done
now.

In an average season this work should
be finished .\pril 12 to 20; then we may
expect the first fruit-bloom about the

same dates in May; and knowing the
bees have plenty of stores it is a good
plan to let them alone, except to look
out for robbing on a day when the
weather is suitable for the job.

.\bout the time the first flowers come
out a start should be made to examine
the hives, clip the queens, spread or re-
verse the brood-frames, break a portion
of the cappings on the honey, making
the bees think they are in clover ; when
this is being done the bee-keeper should
have a book and note the condition of
every hive ; a record of this kind saves
lots of unnecessary opening of hives.

When we get to No. 100 we will prob-
ably find 80 per cent will be ready for
the honey season, 15 per cent a little
light, 2 queens and 3 dead colonies. (The
dead ones have been found before the
examination, or should have been.) The
80 should be watched closely, making
sure that there is enough unsealed honey
in the hives, and that the queen has lots
of room for breeding. A good plan to
treat the 15 that are light is to select
say 7 or 8 (according to their strength)
of the best of them, take out all empty
frames, then go to the lighter ones and
take out brood frames and bees, fill out
the 7 or 8, making sure you leave the
queens in their own hives. The few that
are left light can be used to shake
swarms on, or anything else the bee-
keeper can do with them to the best
advantage.

We w'U suppose this work is finished
by, say, May 20; in less than a month
the clover season will be on, and upon
the care given the bees for the next
few weeks largeh- depends the amount
of surplus the bee-keeper will get for
his work. Some seasons the bees may
fill the hives so full of honey in a few
days that the queen is crowded out, then
another season the bees will be confined
in their hives most of the time, and
run short of stores, and the queen will
stop laying: to avoid either extreme the
bee-keeper must be on hand every day
to know what is going on, and apply
the remedy. J.as. Storer.

Lindsay, Out.

"Is it better to give 40 pounds in the
fall, or 25 in fall and the balance in the
spring?"

Mr. Holtermann — Better feed all in
the fall. It may not be safe to have only
25 pounds in the fall. You sometimes

Jan. 24. 1907

American Hee Journal

find colonies that consume an excep-
tionally large amount of stores, so we
should, if anything, err on the side of
too much stores.

Mr. Deadman — If wintering in the
cellar, we would only have that much
more to carry in and out. Twenty-five
pounds in the fall is ample to last till
we can examine them in the spring. Put
the light colonies to one side in putting
them out in the spring, and feed tliem.

Mt. Hershiser — How do vou feed
late?

Mr. McEvoy — Lay oil-cloth over the
frames and on this set sealers upside
down with sugar syrup. Pack those in
the super and they may take down 20
pounds in one night.

Introducing Queens.

Mr. McEvoy — Introduce in a folded
cage on the comb. Where queens are
allowed to eat their way out, they are
killed, sometimes; but where introduced
on the comb, they are always all right.

"Is it advisable to put new queen in
the hive before taking out the old one?"

Mr. Couse — To introduce an imported
queen, take away all the brood and eggs,
and then introduce the queen to the
broodless and queenless bees.

Mr. Holtermann — Simply take out the
old queen and put the queen-cage and
all right in, and the candy is eaten
away and queen introduced.

Mr. Timbers — The bees should be tak-
en out of the cage first, because in many
cases the bees in the cage cause the
queen to be balled.

_Mr. Armstrong removes the queen to
his own cage before introducing.

"What is the best time to introduce a
queen?"

Mr. McEvoy — In August, unless it is
necessary to introduce at some other
time. To introduce a queen in a super,
shut the bees off from the brood-cham-
ber with a fine screen for 48 hours. Then
set the super off on another stand and
introduce a queen quite successfully.

Mr. Evans — For introducing leave the
cork in the cage for 24 hours, if the col-
ony is strong. Then remove it and let
them eat out the candy. If it is a weak
colony, take out the cork at once. To
introduce valuable queens, it is safer to
introduce in a nucleus.

Unfinished Business.

A vote of thanks was tendered Messrs.
Holtermann and Holmes.

A tribute was given to William
Couse, who has been secretary for 21
years.

Mr. Holtermann — I have known him
for 25 years, and always found him sin-
cere in everything. He has served the
Association well, and we regret that, so
far as he personally is concerned, he is
to remove from the office of Secretary.

Mr. Sibbald— I started to work for
him when II years old. Mr. Couse loves
the Association, and dislikes to give it
up, though the work is a sacrifice in
view of his other work.

Mr. Couse spoke well-chosen words of
appreciation, recollecting when D. A.
Jones told him he was to be secretary
of the Association. His ambition has
been to serve the Association to the
best of his ability. He has the greatest
asset a man can have for the time spent

— that is, friends. He was fortunate to to many of the men who had been
have had men who always aimed to do President while he was Secretary of the
the best. He spoke a word of tribute Association.

s:^

Bocfor Millers j^^

Send Questiono either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.

^W° Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Getting Straight Brood-Combs

I am new in the bee-business, and find
some things I do not understand. I have 5
colonies, 3 from swarms in 1906, and 2 from
1905. They are all in patent 8-frame dove-
tailed hives except one in a lOframe hive. I
find lots of trouble in changing the frames,
or getting them out, for the bees do not build
the combs straight. Would it pay me to
take out the old combs in the spring and put
in full sheets of foundation, mostly worker-
comb? Should I put in full sheets of foun-
dation in the new colonies — those iust start-
ing? I want to start right, and I depend
mostly upon the American Bee Journal and
the " A B C of Bee-Culture " for my guides.
Pennsylvania.

Answers. — I think there is no patent on
the dovetailed hive. The patent on the mov-
able frame expired some years ago.

Tes, it will pay to have new combs built for
the sake of having them movable, but that is
probably not necessary. The likelihood is
that at least some of your frames can be
lifted out, and then by a little cutting you
can get the others out, and crowd each comb
into its own frame. If you can not do so,
you can cut the combs as much as necessary
to get them into the frames. A good time to
do this is after the bees begin work on fruit-
bloom. But I wouldn't put them on frames
of foundation till swarming time, and then
you can hive all swarms on full sheets of
foundation. I have always had my frames
full of foundation, and if I had it to do over
again I would do the same way again.

ttueenless Colony- Making Honey

Granulate-Shade for White

Hives-Ventilating Hives

1. What is the best to do in spring with a
queenless colony that is strong and has
plenty of honey?

3. What is the best thing to do with honey
to make it granulate! Is it usually shipped
in the granulated form?

3. Is shade necessary with large hives
painted white, and run for extracted honey,
with from 2 to 3 supers to the hive, and good
ventilation ?

4. Would you advise putting an inch piece
between the hive and bottom-board at the
sides and back end ot hive? Ontario.

Answers. — 1. First let me tell you what
not to do. Don't give it brood from some
other colony and have it rear a queen. One
reason is, that while it is rearing a queen it
will be getting weaker all the while, there be-
ing none but comparatively old bees present,
and it will be a long time before any young
ones will be ready for work. Another reason
is. that in early spring you will find so many
failures in queen-rearing, and often will suc-
ceed only after giving brood the second or

third time. Still another reason, and a suffi-
cient one of itself, is that these early-reared
queens are very likely to tie worthless. There
are three things you can do: Vou can send
South for a queen ; you can unite with the
colony a weak colony having a good queen;
or you can break up the colony and distribute
combs and bees to other colonies, especially
to the weaker ones. If your other colonies
are in good condition, and if you are anxious
for increase, send for the queen. If you have
a weak colony, unite it with the queenless
one. Even it you are anxious for increase,
this may be better than to send for a queen,
as the very weak colony will be very slow
about building up, and is not of very much
value except (or its queen. If you haven't
any such weakling, you are pretty sure to
have two or more that are under the average,
and if you divide the bees among these you
will be putting the force where it will do the
most good, and will very likely have as many
colonies and as many bees in the fall as if you
had sent for a queen. You can put a combful
of these bees in any hive in the spring with-
out any precaution whatever, as they will
unite peaceably.

There is a factor to be considered in the
case that may decide in favor of sending off
for the queen. It maybe that your stock is
not up to the mark, and that by sending off
you can get a queen of much better quality.
In that case the queenless colony gives you
the chance.

2. Cold favors granulation; so you may
hasten it by keeping in a cool place. Occa-
sional stirring also helps. Probably most of
the honey shipped is not granulated; but
very much of it becomes granulated before it
reaches the consumer, unless pains is taken to
reliquefy it.

3. I think not for the bees, although pleas-
anter for the bee-keeper. It depends a little
upon what you mean by good ventilation. I
should want a space of at least '4 inch the en-
tire width in f(ii7i story.

4. I suppose you mean for wintering in cel-
lar. Yes, it is quite important in some way
to have plenty of ventilation in the cellar,
and if there is no opening for ventilation ex-
cept the hive-entrance, a strip to raise the
hive an inch or more from the bottom-board
is a good thing. My bottom-boards are 2
inches deep, and then in summer 1 fill part of
the depth with a sort of rack.

Control of Increase, Introducing
Queens, Etc.

Last season I had a fairly good honey crop.
The bees wintered without loss. I put out 12
colonies and increased them to 20, the yield
of extracted honey being much over 100
pounds from each colony, spring count. But
for the American Bee Journal it would not
have been half that. I have been doing my
best for a few years (with the aid of some of
the writers in the American Bee Journal) to

Jan. 24, 1907

American IBee Journal

75

s=^^^^r^_2

control increase, Imt so far without success.
In fact, the last season their advice resulted
the very opposite. Swarm the bees would,
everlastingly.

The advice was, after getting the colonies
strong in bees and lirood in the spring, to
lift the hive from its stand and replace it
with another having empty frames, and put a
frame of brood and honey with the queen
among the empty frames, using a queen-ex-
cluder, and then placing the hive with the
brood on top.

I did that to the bestof my ability, and true
the queens filled the under part full of brood
again, the brood soon lllled the upper part
with young bees and some queen-cells. Now
the honey-llow was on, and oh, my I swarm
they would, and I had to rush to marliet for
empty hives, frames, and foundation, and,
when short of these, dump one swarm in upon
another, although several days old.

What is your best and simplest plan for
controlling increase? You are long-headed,
and I put much value on your answers to
questions, generally reading them first.

The man from California who was solving
the question by letting the bees swarm, and
then catching the queen and letting the bees
go back, seemed to have it; but that Iml, like
all /i«(.<, counts for much. If we could not
find her in the cluster, we would surely catch
her by putting the bees through a zinc queen-
excluder. It did not seem to me a very sim-
ple process — the sifting of a big swarm of
bees through a zinc cage. I could see them
going in as fast as I got them out, and the
queen still out of sight.

Even if I can not learn just how to control
increase through the American Bee Journal
writers, it has given many good points in
producing surplus honey. My showing is
always good. It keeps me in line as to how
to have strong colonies and little robbing,
and good queens and plenty of them.

I keep empty nucleus hives on hand. These
hold 3 or 3 frames each, the same size as the
regular brood-frames, and whenever I run
across a large, good-looking queen-cell in a
bright, strong colony, and in the proper place
in the frame, I lift it out with adhering bees
and put it into the nucleus hive; and by add-
ing a frame of brood ready to hatch, soon there
is a queen ready for work and ready to build
up a ^ueenless colony, if any is in the apiary.

My way now of introducing these queens to
queenless colonies, or putting two or more
colonies in one, is a sure and safe way : I
have a board one inch or % thick, the size of
the hive, with a 6-inch piece cut out of the
center and covered with wire-cloth, so that no
bee can get through. When I want to intro-
duce a queen, I put that board with screen on
the hive as a honey-board. Having placed
the nucleus with the new queen over the
screen for 2 or 3 days, they have now the
scent, and I then put the frames with queen
below, and all is well, being sure that no
queen is below, but if there is they will fight
it out all right. With this board I unite any
kind of colonies, and no trouble comes from
fighting.

We cut off queen-cells. How do you know
when the bees are building queen-cells to
supersede their old queen? In robbing the
colony of cells at that time it may do injury.
Are there any signs by which to know?

Minnesota.

Answer. — It you will allow me to com-
mence at the last end of your letter, I will
say that it is not easy to be entirely sure
whether the starting of queen-cells means
swarming or superseding. Generally, bow-
ever, you can tell by the number of cells. If
you can find no more than 2 or 3 cells, and
these with eggs in them, you can't tell any-
thing about it. But wait till the larv* are
fairly well advanced, and it only 1 to 3 cells
are present, you are pretty safe in saying that
superseding is intended.

Your plan of rearing queens and introduc-
ing them is good. Some would like it as well
or better, instead of having the board with
wire-cloth, just to have wire-cloth without
any board, as allowing heat lo rise more
freely.

Now as to the prevention of swarming.

You tried thi jdan of putting the brood over
an excluder, and say it was after getting the
colony stniD^; in the spring, and then it
sounds a little us if the honey-llow came after-
ward. Just how late you operated is not easy
10 tell, but it should not bo until about the
time the bees begin to swarm. You say, also,
that you put a frame of brood below. I think
that is not the usual way. There should be
nothing in the lower story for the queen but
starters, full sheets of foundation, or frames
of empty comb It maybe worth while for
you to try it again, not beginning until you

think there Ir, danger of swarming, giving no
brood below, and In about a week killing
queen-cells in the upper story.

If that fails, try this: As soon as there !«
danger of swarming, remove the old queen,
at the same time destroying queen-celle, If
there are any; 9 days later destroy all cells
and Introduce a queen that has not been lay-
ing many days. It would be a sure thing " in
this locality," but it's not safe to warrant It
everywhere. But I lliink It would not fall
you.

Thanks for encouraging words.

i^t /iasty^

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Qdhkns and Pickled Brood —
Studying Bee Diseases.

I had forgotten, if I ever knew, that
the queen always disappears when the
colony has "pickled brood." Impor-
tant. Don't think we were told that
when pickled brood was first described
in the journals.

Mr. Getaz may be going it a little
too strong, but I guess it's timely and
proper to remind our Washington
savants that a disease must be studied
for some length of time, and in the
hives, before conclusions can be called
sufficiently well-founded. A Govern-
ment appointment is to be respected ;
but it doesn't make a man blunder-
proof. Page 1032.

"The Unadorned Flowers."

That's a beautiful editorial from the
Toronto Globe, on page 1036— " The
Unadorned Flowers." And what a
queer circumstance that the Lombardy
poplars should all be males — no female
or seed-bearing trees ever having been
brought over I I imagine that it may
be that the female trees spread their
branches a little more, and so are not
so peculiar as the males, and therefore
not so desirable.

Honey-Knife Electrically' Heated.

Here is a bow to the electrically-
heated honey-knife. Good thing to
have something new once in a while to
keep us from going to sleep. The pic-
ture of it set me to wondering. How
ca7! a current be sent through a honey-
knife blade in such a way as to heat it ?
In fact, how can it be made to go
through it at all ? However, I am not
trying to suggest that it's a sham. Un-
less the knife was actually heated it is
not likely that it would have been exhib-
ited at an Exposition. But would not
gum and candy soon stop the operation
of a knife kept hot all the time, with no
water applied ? And if it must be
dipped in water semi-occasionally,
what's the advantage over the old hot-
water method ? Page 1046.

Combs of Apis Dorsata.

Be charitable, dear Boss. Might not
even the faultless, and slipless, and
spotless " Old Reliable '' say 5 when it
meant to say 6 ? With that correction,
the description of an Apis dorsata
comb, on page 1046, agrees pretty well
with what we have been told elsewhere.
They build a single comb under a hori-
zontal boagh ; and it eventually gets
to be 5 inches thick, and extends along
the limb for 5 feet or more. Of course,
the extra-deep cells are used only to
store honey in. And equally, of
course, down where they want to rear
brood, the comb thins to twice the
length of a worker-bee. Why should
a journal be bound to mention every
self-evident thing ?

Making Honey-Vinegar and Other
Vinegars.

Yes, sir. We consume vinegar not
for the actual amount of acid in it, but
for the acid laste of it. It's vain for a
vinegar to have 4 percent of acid if
half of it is neutralized to the taste
by the amount of unfermented sweet
in it — or do some of us like sweetened
vinegar enough better to pay for the
loss ? The look is that a 2 percent
sample unsweetened would serve about
the same purpose. We have had a
good deal about vinegar lately, and
yet C. P. Dadant finds valuable things
to say that are not shopworn. Usually
the first fermentation starts off with-
out anything specially put in to s cart
it ; but sometimes total failure comes
in right at that point. The example
of this given is quite illuminative.
Better to put in some crushed grapes
at the outset. Idea seems to be that
the ferment germs are not all of one
species, and that there is such a thing
as getting the best or getting the poor-
est— besides the danger of total fail-
ure. Let's have the best. I think it
is very common to put sweet water
into vinegar that is fully acidulated,
or half acidulated. If I get Mr. D. and
his authorities aright, that's a very
pestilent habit. If you want sweet-

Jan 24, 1907

American ^ee Journal

ened vinegar put in the sweet imme-
diately before using. Strong acetic
acid is very repressive of the first fer-
mentation ; and if the acid is strong
enough, and the sweet pure enough,
fermentation may be totally sup-
pressed for an indefinite length of
time. I suppose the failure or delay
of the second fermentation to start is
much more common than in case of
the first — that is, alcohol and water is
a much more stable compound than
sugar and water — so most makers ex-
pect to put in something as a starter.
(I wonder if putting in the second
starter at the outset is not common,
and also bad.) And he's all right
when he kicks the musty barrel with
the charge of being a vinegar-spoiler.
Must is one of the most ineradicable
of bad things. Don't buy a musty
barrel; and don't let your empty bar-
rel get musty. But what can be done
if it does ? I wonder if taking one
head out and thoroughly burning the
inside would eradicate, or nearly eradi-
cate it. But then I fear, alas, that the
fresh carbon would pull back on the
fermentations.

His device for cleaning a merely
dirty barrel is tiptop — a piece of chain
connected with the outside world by a
a long and strong string. Page 1047.

€xparieiK!e$"

More Than Abundant Rains

We have had, so far, rather more than
abundant rains, but rather cool weather with
snow, hail, etc. The manzanita is blooming
gloriously, and the bees are working on it
very actively. Pbil Max Boklte,

Moosa, Calif., Jan. 13.

Good Prospects for 1907

This locality did not produce a great
amount of honey this year, as a large percent
of bees died last winter from bad stores and
starvation. Most of those fortunate enough
to save their bees got a fair amount of sur-
plus. Most bees went into winter in from
good to fair condition. The winter has been
favorable so far, and the prospects are very
good for a prosperous season in 1907.

H. H. BCCHNER.

Maquoketa, Iowa, Dec. 24.

Observing "How Doth the Bee"

Is this a new race of bees? When coming
from the field they deliver their loads of nec-
tar to nurse-bees. What a lot of waste of
time to hunt for nurse-bees to deliver their
loads of nectar to! Doesn't it make a waste
of time? I have observed loaded bees enter-
ing the hive so fast that all the nurse-bees
would be crammed full in lb minutes. What,
then? All the field-bees would have to take
a day off; nothing to do. because all of the
nurse- bees were filled full. Shucks I Bees
enter their hives and deliver their loads with-
out any assistance from nurse-bees. I have
had observation hives, and this is what I saw :
A bee would enter the hive, creep up on the
comb until above the brood-line, then com-
mence to search for a cell. When found, she
would place her tongue at the upper side of
the cell with just the tip in honey. When
the load was disposed of, she would come out-
side by the glass and off for more. Now a
worker with pollen searches several cells be-

fore she finds one to suit, then puts her legs
in the cell, rubs her legs together, and, when
freed, she leaves for the outside by the glass ;
and a young worker packs those pellets. But
the observer can not see how it's done. I
never saw a worker having a load of honey
and pollen to deliver at the same time. Nor
can I account why a loaded bee should ex-
amine different cells until she finds a cell to
suit her; but it is so. Get an observation
hive and see for yourself, and you will find
that I am correct. Nurse-bees are full of
honey at all times until they commence to
work in the field. E. Tucker.

Bergen, N. Y., Dec. 17.

Will Italianize Next Season

I received the 3 queens by mail last season
in good order, and introduced them success-
fully. They were all purely mated, as there
is not a blaek bee among their oilspring.
Although received late in the season, they
have their brood-chambers well filled with
honey. I noticed when the young Italian
bees first take their flying spell, they are
much swifter than the blacks and hybrids.
December 16 they were carrying in pollen. I
have now 175 colonies, which I will requeen
from them nest spring.

I bought my bees — 17 colonies and 36 new
hives — from the founder of Maywood Colony,
Foster & Woodson, they having put up the
money for the late Mr. Osburn, who came
from Cuba to start bee-keeping. But Mr.
Osburn died the first winter he was here.

James Peterson.

Corning, Calif., Dec. 19.

Mild Winter and Clover

We are having a very mild winter here so
far, as only twice has the temperature gone
below zero. Most of the time it has been
from 20 to 26 degrees above. There is one
inch of snow on the ground now, which
makes good wagon-roads.

Isn't it a little dangerous for white clover
or will it stand, or hold its own, with the
temperature at or above zero and no snow on
the ground? L. G.Blair.

Boscobel, Wis.

[Yes, there is danger that the clover roots
may suffer from extreme cold when the
ground is not covered with snow. However,
we should think the weather has hardly been
cold enough yet in your locality so that it
would injure the clover. — Editor.]

Bees Wintering All Right

I have 14 colonies of bees wintering on the
summer stands, which were all right Deo. 31.
Bees did not do well here last season in filling
supers, because of severe drouth.

Bay Shore, Mich., Jan. 11. A. M. Deitz.

Last Winter Hard on Bees

My bees did not do much last summer, and
last winter was hard on bees, when most of
them died. One man had 40 colonies and lost
all but 3; another had 17 and lost all but one;
and another had about the same and lost all.

We have 20 colonies this winter, and they
seem to be wintering all right. R. Chinu.

Concord, Nebr., Dec. 38, 1906.

A Good Report from Vermont

The past season was as good as I ever saw
in this section. I had only SO colonies; 25 of
them were nuclei that I wintered with
queens. I got 10,032 pounds of honey— 4200
pounds of comb, and the balance extracted.
I sold it for S1092. It was all sold, and I had
my cash, before Sept. 1. Those nuclei pro-
duced just about the same amount of comb
honey that the blacks did of extracted. I got
no honey after July 30. The Italian colonies
were heavy this fall, but I had to feed about
¥100 worth of sugar to the blacks. I got an

increase of 50 colonies, mostly by buying
queens. Five of the Italians swarmed that 1
ran for comb honej. I did not get a swarm
from the blacks that I ran for extracted honey.

My bees went into winter quarters heavy;
that is, the party that put them in so told me.
I have been in the house with rheumatism
over two months. I never had it before. I
suppose it was because my bees were not
quite so rapid on the sting as usual!

C. M. Lincoln.

West Rupert, Vt., Dec. 31.

Sweet Clover Bloomed Late

I mail some sweet clover that was blossom-
ing around my front yard. We had a cold
snap last Wednesday night that froze it, but
there was lots of it before that.

A. H. Chblset.

Jackson, N. H., Dec. 31.

Bees Moved Far By Rail

In shipping my household goods and live
stock in a chartered box-car from Indian Ter-
ritory to this place, I also packed 10 hives of
bees in Langstroth frames. They were
clamped to the floor of the car, and consider-
ing the long and rough trip of 13 days, they
were in good condition when they arrived,
perhaps a pint or so of dead bees to the hive.
This was the more remarkable, I thought, as
the combs are in loose-hanging frames with-
out any side spacer; however, they were all
screened and otherwise protected.

This is a fine country, and I am anxious to
see how the bees will work.

Selma, Calif., Dec. 15. L. M. Lindlet.

Honey Failure, But Still Determined

If I had been reading all the bee-papers
and all the bee-books this year, and had had
my bees in rosewood and matiogany hives,
constructed after the highest type of the
mechanic's art, and my queens had all been
purely bred, golden, 5-banded, long-tongued
Italians in their maternal prime; my supers
provided with choice, polished No. 1 sections
filled with sheets of foundation, "bottom
starters," etc., and bait-sections, I would still
have been compelled to content myself with
"hope deferred," and beeswax, fun, and a
few stings. But I suppose it's owing to
" locality," and I'll just take my share of the
" local " applications and a few more copies
of the American Bee Journal.

"Perse Verance."

Harrison Co., Mo., Dec. 13.

No Swarms and No Honey

My bees, the past summer, were all non-
swarmers, as I did not get a single swarm
from 105 colonies; but the worst of all, I did
not get an ounce of honey, either. This is
the first failure I have ever had, and I have
kept bees since I was 10 years old, and I ex-
pect to keep bees as long as I live. It was en-
tirely too wet here for bees. I think all my
bees stored enough honey to winter on, but I
expect to feed them a lot of "trust" sugar
next spring for brood-rearing, as they can not
go through until poplar blooms.

I want to tell you how the good old Ameri-
can Bee Journal made, or saved, me S20 last
spring. I noticed an advertisement in it,
where a certain company offered No. 1 sec-
tions at a reduced price; so I wrote for a-
price on 10,000, and to my surprise I was
offered 10,000 strictly No. 1 sections at the
very low price of $3 00 per thousand. I or-
dered the sections, and they were as fine as
any I ever bought at .*5.00 per thousand. So
you can see, at the present price of sections,
the American Bee Journal made, or saved, me
.?20. It pays to be a subscriber to the Ameri-
can Bee Journal. B. T. Stone.

Fellowsville, W. Va., Dec. 17.

Please Mention Bee Journal)
when writing advertisers.

Jan. 24, 1907

American "Bee Journal

FOR SALE

6H. P. X4 II. P. EnKine.

50-Mght Giie Mucbine.

lOO-Ijight <iaB Machine.

Peerless Separators, to separate the cream
from milk.

The Engine is a double cylinder Westing-
house Engine, regulates itselt automatically,
and burns a gallon of kerosene oil per hour
for fuel.

The (ias Machines generate gasoline into
gas, and can be attached to gas ranges; will
illuminate your house and work-shop.

To exchange on honey the coming summer.
Ask for information.

M. C. GEHL CO.

3002—3020 Melnecke Avenue,

4Etf MILWAUKbE. WIS., U.S.A.

Mention Bee Journal wheB TvritliiK.

INew Edition of Dr. Miller's

40 Years Among the Bees

FREE as a Premium for Sending
Tho New Subscribers

The book contains 344 pages, bound in
handsome cloth, with gold letters and bees,
and illustrated with over 100 beautiful origi-
nal half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
himself.

The first few pages tell how Dr. Miller
got into bee keeping. 21 years ago he wrote

a small book, called " A Year Among the
Bees." But "Forty Years" shows in minutest
detail how he does things with bees and gets
large crops of honey.

How to Get a Copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Among the Bees "

It is sent postpaid for .$1.00, or with the
Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
both for $1.80.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the
American Bee Journal whose subscription is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Mil
ler's new book free as a premium for seeding
us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Jour-
nal for one year with $2.00. This is a mag-
nilicent offer, and should be taken advantage
of at once. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO. ILL.

QUEENS f/or'itT c'o"o""l NUCLEI

I will sell Queens aad Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Quei^n. 2Se: doz, $3; Nuclei, with Qiifen, 1
frame, $1.25; 2 frame, $1. SO: 3fram»,*l 75

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff. Calif.
Mention Bee Joarnal vrhen wrltims.

BEE-SFPPLIES

are now in effect. We furnish EVERYTtllNO needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices.

We make the best-finished and substantial

^ SHIPPING = CASES \^

in free Shipping-Crates.

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker ? If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRET6MER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluHs, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb. i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

jCatalogs issued in English or German.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Minnesota. — The Fillmore County Bee-
Keepers' Association will meet in the Court
House at Preston, Minn., on Friday and Sat-
urday, Jan. 25 and 26, 1907.

Canton, Minn. P. B. Ramer, Sec.

Colorado. — The STth annual session of the
Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held in the Chamber of Commerce Build-
ing, Denver, Colo., Jan. 32 and 23, 1907. The
State Horticultural Association, the State
Forestry Association, the Dry Farmers' Con-
gress, the American National Stock Growers'
Association, and the Colorado Cattle and
Horse Growers' Association, will all hold
their annual sessions in Denver during the
same week. Besides this there will be the
greatest live stock show held in Denver ever
west of Chicago. The railroads have made a
fare of one and one-third for the round-trip
for this week, which should assure us a large
attendance. A section-putting-up contest
will be a feature of our meeting.
, G. J. ToMLiN, Sec.

Frank Rauchfuss. VicePres.

Wisconsin.— The annual meeting of the
Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held in the Court House, at Madison,
Wednesday and Thursday, Feb. fl and 7, 1907.
Reduced rates on all railroads, but if you can-
not obtain them, ask your agent for full fare
receipt. By courtesy of Mr. Bacon, of the
G. B. Lewis Co., arrangement has been made
to have a stenographer in attendance, to take
a verbatim report of the entire proceedings,
which will be published for the benefit of
members and interested bee-keepers. This
feature will make this the most interesting
convention ever held by the society. The
Question-Box will be the main feature, and
we want every bee-keeper who has one or
more questions o( interest to mail them to
the Secretary prior to the convention, that
they may be properly arranged. Questions
may be handed the Secretary at the conven-
tion, but mail them prior if possible. We
also want a good honey display, so bring
your choice samples of honey or anything of
interest. Pres. France will speak on the In-
spector's Convention in Texas, and Diseases
of Bees. Ever^ person may become a mem-
ber, fur one year, by the payment of ?1.00,
which will also make him a member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, which

alone costs $1.00; and every member of the
National, not a member of the State, should
pay his dues to the State Secretary, and for
the same money, become a member of both.
Ladies may becoma members by the payment
of 50 cents for National dues. Kindly make
remittance for membership dues before the
meeting, to the undersigned.
Augusta, Wis. Gus Djttmeb, Sec.

E^°° There seems to be a general complaint
of poor galvanizing on fence-wire. The com-
plaint has become so general as to attract the
attention of the U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, and they have taken the matter up with
the view of investigating conditions and giv-
ing practical information from time to time
to the fence users. The time was when gal-
vanized fence-wire could be relied on to last
several years, but now, in many cases, it be-
gins to rust soon after put up. Kitselman
Brothers, of Muncie, Indiana, fence manu-
facturers, claim to have an improved process
of galvanizing wire that adds much to its
lasting qualities. They have just issued a 96-
page catalog fully describing the above proc-
ess. Upon request it will be mailed free to all
readers of this paper. Please mention the
American Bee Journal when writing them.

The EmersoQ Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but 75 cents; or we will send it with the
Bee Journal for one year — both for only s^l.oO.
It is a fine thing to preserve the copies o( the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding is
necessary.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILI..

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to S15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Cttalog —
free.
W. D.SOPER (Routeo) Jackson, riich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Jan. 24. 1907

American l^m Journal

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-

structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $] .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for 12.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL

Wi Sbll Root's Goods in MioHiaAN

Let U8 quote joa prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndation, etc, as we can save jon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted lor Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbli. Bk&nch, Watnk Co., Mich

Please metitlon Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

TWO YEARS FOR $1.

After a man succeeds in publishing a good
journal, the next step is that of getting it into
the bands of the people, of getting them to
reading it, and Ijeeomins; acquainied with its
merits. This can he done by advertising,
sending out sample copies, circulars, etc. All
this costs money. I think I am safe in say-
ing that for every new subscriber I have re-
ceived, I have paid -'"J 00 in advertising;
hence. I have always said that a publisher of
a good journal could afford to send his paper
one year free for the salie of getting it into
new hands. It would cost no more than
other forms of advertising, and would be more
effective; but, for obvious reasons this plan

could not be put into practise; but I am
going to come as near to it as I can. I have
between 200 and 300 complete sets of back
numbers for the present year; and as long as
the supply holds out I will send a complete
set, and the rest of this year free, to any one
who will send me SI. 00 for the Review for
1907.

Back numbers of the Review are different
from those of newspapers and some journals.
The information they contain is just as val-
uable now as when first published. In an ad-
vertisement like this it is impossible to give
much description, but I will mention one or
two features of each issue of

The Review for 1906

JANUARY.— The key-note of the Review for
1906 is "THE CONTROL OF IN-
CREASE ;" and Mr. tiill, of Colorado,
starts off by telling how he completely
and pro^fitably controls the increase of
1000 colonies run for comb honey.

FEBRUARY.— R. C. Aikin shows how, with
a knowledge of principles, increase
can be controlled ; but perhaps the most
valuable contribution to this issue is from
R. F. Holtermann, of Canada, describing
" Some Short Cuts in the Production of
Extracted Honey.''

MARCFI. — In this issue is illustrated and de-
scribed the only really successful non-
swarniing hive that has yet been in-
vented. Its inventor, Mr. L. A. Aspin-
wall, secured an average of 140 pounds
of comb honey the past season from fifty
colonies, and had no swarms.

APRIL. — The most valuable article in this
issue is from C. A. Olmstead, of New
York, in which he illustrates and de-
scribes a method of foretelling sivarm-
ing without opening the hive.

MAY. — In this issue is begun a series of the
most delightfully and beautifully illns-
trated sketches that have ever ap-
peared in the Review— that of the editor's
experience in locating and managing three
out-apiaries in the wild, picturesque,
raspberry region of Northern Michigan.

JUNE.— The article this month on " Control
of Increase," is by that veteran, J. E.
Crane, of Vermont, and shows how to do
the work when the -harvest comes
early. This issue also gives the editor's
experience in moving his 400 colonies
into Northern Michigan- illustrated with
four engravings.

JULY.— This issue has a beautiful full-page
illustration of the Review apiary here at
Flint (105 colonies), and the editor gives
a resume of his work in this apiar.v for
the first six months of the year — showing
^vhere he failed and why he suc-
ceeded.

AUGUST. — In this number the editor tells of
"Reaping the Harvest in Northern Michi-
gan," and gives pictures of the different
apiaries, some at old abandoned lum-
ber-camps, one with a tent tor a honey-
house, while the reading-matter has an
actual flavor of the wild northern woods.

SEPTEMBER.— Of all the articles in this
year's Review I doubt if any one is more
really helpful than the one in this issue
by the editor, entitled " Conveniences in
the Production of Extracted Honey." It
has several illustrations, and shows how
to use bee-escapes without the back-
aching work of lifting the hives by
hand ; how to make a honey-knife cut as
"slick as a razor:" how to make an un-
capping-can for 10 cents; how to arrange
a cheap automatic strainer, and run the
honey directly into the cans; and how to
arrange an electric bell, at a cost of 60
cents, that will ring when the can is full.

Instead of mentioning some of the special
features for October, November, and Decem-
ber, let me use the space to say that one of
THE GOOD THINGS that will appear in the Re-
view for 1907 will be a series of articles from
E. D. Townsend, Michigan's foremost bee-
keeper. All of his writings in the past have
been fragmentary, a glimpse here and there,
and they have been scattered here and there
in different journals. Now he is going to
write in a consecutive manner, starting at
the beginning of the season and going through
the year — just as though he were writing a
book. It will give his system of manage-
ment.

Advanced Bee Culture

This is a book of 230 pages, beauti-
fully printed, bound, and illustrated,
that discusses bee-keeping from a
money point of view — shows how to
make a pleasant and profitable BUSI-

NESS out of bee-keeping. Price, SI. 20;
or, the Review for 1907 (and all of the
back numbers of this year free) for
only $2.00.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.

Jan. 24, 1907

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

— The —

American Bee -Keeper

forl9D7

It is profusely illustrated and (Ui-
larged, and contains only articles of tlio
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American lioe-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-list of B'EE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
[Established 25 years.)
Mention Bee Jonmal TTtaen wrItlnB.

lAmerican liee Journal

4- Becstpax-f

=^

Chicago, Dec. 7.— There is the usual dullness
in thft honey-trade at this date owing to most
of the retailer* having stocked up sufficiently
to carry them over the holidays; but the stocks
in the hands of the trade generally are below
the normal; hence prices are firm at lS(a 16c for
No. 1 to fancy while combt with ofE grades at
l®2c less; amber grades dull at lC@l2c. Ex-
tracted white, firm at 8c for clover and bass-
wood; ambers, 6Ji@7Jic per pound. Beeswax,
30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Dec. 2S— The demand for comb
honey is only fair with market well supplied;
market is almost bare of extracted, however,
and the demand very good. We quote: Fancy
white comb, 24-section cases, $3.25; No. 1, $3.00;
Extracted, white, per pound, 'ihi@Sc; amber,
7@7J4c. Beeswax, per pound, 25 cents.

C, C. CLEMONS& Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. S.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quau-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however. Is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16(§H8c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 1H@S c;
light amber, 6H®7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Jan. 15. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, a"d we quote
from 15@16c for fancy white; 13((i'14c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dit-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10{§i'12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8^c; light amber, 75ic; am
ber, 6H@"c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6!^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRKTH & SROBLKBN.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for I!Hi7 now ou hand.

CINCINXATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

ae most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
Vou will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FROM ME. '^^I'^^ZZt'' '""■

A Special Discount on Eariy Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

L,Ar«iS, and C'Al CASlA:>iS.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

bred in separate apiaries,
lbeUOL,l>K:> VKI.-
LOWS, «AR.^IO-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denver, Jan, 5.— There is practically no
honey left in the hands of prcdncers in this
State, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply the home trade until spring. We
quote strictly No. 1 white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, at f3.20; No. 1 light amber, ifC5; and good
No. 2. at $2 80. White extracted, 8@8!^c; light
amber, 7^i@8c. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, Jan. 9— The comb boney market
at the present is very quiet. Holders are not
trying to realize a profit, simply disposing of
what they have, at cost. Fancy comb honey is
selling atl4H@16c. Extracted amber honey in
barrels, 6@7c; fancy light amber in cans, 7@8c;
fancy white, Oc. Strictly choice beeswax, 30c,
delivered here. The Fred W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'®13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, I7c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7Hc; cans the same. Beeswax, 26(a'2Sc.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A, BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

" It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

FENCE S;SI?fi'

Madeof High Carbon rolled wire. We
have no agents. S*_-ll direct to user at
factory price* on 30 days free trial.
We pay all freight. Catalog shows S7
styles and heli^ntaof farm and poultry
fence. It'sfree. Buy direct. Write today

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

Box 89 WINCHESTER, INDIANA.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April Ist. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

"si EVERGREEfiS

^«P^ AT BARGAIN PRICES

For spring planting we offer the follow-
ing eboice varieties assorted as follows:—

100 Scotch Pine
100 White Pine
100 Norway Spruce
100 White Spruce
100 Ponderosa Pine
100 Amer. Arbor Vitae

2Yrs. Old In. High

»1.00

1.00

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

Bargain price $1.00 per 100 or in 600 lots $5.00
prepaid. These trees are suitable for
wind-break purposes or ornamental plant-
ing. Also 50 other bargain lots at from
$1.00 to $10.00 prepaid. Write forcatalogs
_ D. HILL. Evergreen Specialist, Bundee, 111.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when vrrltlBC.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

«VHIXE CI.OVER HOI^EV, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. N. Scott & Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

29Atf

Catalog Free

1004 East Wash. Street. Ii^DIAi^APOLIli, Iilil».

"In every country tie snccessful aiyertiser is tlie continnous advertiser.'

American ISee Journal

Jan. 24, 1907

u

DADMT'S FOUNDATION"

IT ex:oeijS

EVERY INCH equal to sample

Beauty, Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

at all
times .

mention Bee Journal rvhen vrrltlng:.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among; the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wra. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
jears ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr. Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

F** DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-grade malleable iron, much like wrought iron,
^^nches long. The middle part is l 1-16 inches wide and 7-3:3 thick. The smaller end iB 1% inches long, }^
inch wide, and 7-32 thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903j of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 5S, he
says: ■' Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool.'' On Jan. 7, 190", he
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to Icnow its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us OXE NEW subscription for a year at
Jl.OO; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for $1.80. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

g We will Buy and
Sell

isxt

9Jt

.HONEY

Sl»» of the different grades and kinds.

It you have any to dispose of, or if

^51 you intend to buy, correspond

^^ with us.

^1 We are always in the market

Wk for

1 Beeswax

p Hi

at highest market prices.

Idreth & Segelken ^

26s & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. V.

TTTltlAS.

" Xhe continuous advertiser
gets the buLk of the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

TWENTYPAQE NUMBER

Jan. 31, 1907

American l^ee Journal

PtIBLISHED WEEKLY BT

6E0RGE W. YORK & COMPANY

^M Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THB SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal la
81.00 a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 60
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, "deciiC'* on yuur label shows that it is
paid 10 the end of December, I9u6.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay Bubscription, but
cban)i;e the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

fldvertislng Rate, per Agate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times — 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 ** .... 20 "
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

lOOlines... Spercent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
20OO « ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts^ at choice, but not both.

Reading' Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning'.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I9t.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riBhta.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wig,

i^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
Qblishers of tbe American Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use io
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
I Neiv subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for fl.lO we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aBORaE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, lU.

Big Profits in Capons

* Caponizinf^ is easy— soon

learned. Complete outfit

with free Instructionf

postpaid S3.50. f

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 25c

[French Killing KnifeSOo
[Capon Book Free.

FhiUdelphia, Fa.

jCAPON
PTOOLS

O. p. Pilling & Ron,

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Special Bargains

in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman
BROOD-FRAnES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging our factory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiary, and can save you money and delay at anytime of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

Minnesota See-Keepers' Supplu Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes?

Because the bees like t best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If Yod Want to Keep Posted
UPON the

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly ; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher
400 West 23kd Strset, NEW YORK, N. Y.
JSAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey*
seUer to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to la-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
Tbe picttire shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queea-buttoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. Tha
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttons
for $1.10. Address all orders to

aEORGE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILI»

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods you can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing- but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal IdJSiTff

Jab. 31, 1907

American Hee Journal j^^ %

Why Not Send Your Friend a Bee= Valentine

THE BEE-KEEPERS' SOUVENIR POSTAL CARDS

I (ANNO'

.J;^eEAR TO
**ir- toil

->.j35

OwoiT touBEE nr HONEY.
Ano CHCtft This lonely heart?

Fofl I WOULD HOO YOU ALL THE Tint^
And we would fJLVEH PART

are just the tiling.

We send them by Return Mall.

As most of our reaiiers l(uow, we have gotten
out a Souveuir I'ostsl Cartl for beekeepers. The
cuts herewith .show the card in reduced size, and
but one color, while the real card is printed in 4
colors. It could also be sent to honey-customers,
to retnind them that it is lime to buy more honey,
etc. There are many uses to which this Card can
be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10 cents Cstamps
or silver), or 5 pkee with the American Bee Jour-
nal one year at *1.()0; 10 for 25 cents. There is a
blank space on the card about 2x2]^ inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

C^2'^f.VAi'v^-0wflf<T rrxjKE m HOflEi:

Ao CnttR TMll lON£Lf ►tAPT?

Fob I v/ouu) huo too all thc in j

nM5 wt WOULD rrfvXft PAhT

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, iLL.

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save 33 to SO Pert'ent on slightly damaged goods,

Lewis Goods at 2 percftnt Discount

DURING FEBRUARY,

EXCEPT ON HONEY-PACKAGES.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, if you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction.

1^° Senil tor list ot Slit?htly t>aniage<l CSoods to selectrfrom at
Reduced Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, Yorlt Honey and Bee-Supply Co. (Not mo

Iiongr Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
i years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect. BPlf -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrst-claBs hatehers made.
GEO. U. STAHL,, Qutncr, 111.

itJflijJi^

<< If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder'

BEE-SUPPLIES I

Root's Goods ai Root's! rnces

Everythingf used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

BBESW^iZ^X VNZAMTED

I pa.v highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express ; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it to you.

Write for prices on Fhi,est Extracted Honey. Certificate guaranteeinglpurity with
every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

on early
orders for

Supplies...

t WALTER S. POUDER

5i:c .'>l.'> iflasxacliiiNellK Ave.. I'M)! a:N APOLIS. i:\l>.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, f 5.00. Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Mention Bee Jonrnal irben TrrltlnK*

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the wkole Apicnltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlscoanti to the Trade.

Stock & Poultry fENCE

Many styles and heitrhts,
LUaiiiond orS'iuarc- Mesh;
pricfs low. Sold directon
30 daysfree trial, freitrht
prepaiti. Catalogue free.
KIT5ELMAN BROS.
Box s^-~> Muncie, Ind.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and

?ulckly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, S2. 00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

4SAtf

ADRIAN GETAZ,

KNOXVII^I^E, TENN.

EngrayingsForSale

We are accnmulating qnite a stock of engrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be ased
again by bee-keepers In their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or In other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us te
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using in onr columns. If there is any
of our engravings that any one would like to
have, just let us know and we will qnote a very
low price, postpaid. Address, ^

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL

Jan. 31, 1907

American l^Qe Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Photographic Competition

We are pleased to annouDce another series
of prizes tor llie best photographs submitted
to us, as described below, in two series,
American and Foreign, under thel following
conditions:

First. — The competition opens January
15th, and closes October 1st, 1907. All pho-
tographs intended for this competition must
be in our hands by the last-named date.

Second. —Competition for these prizes is
limited to bee-keepers or some member of the
family. Entries may be made for as many
different classes as may be desired.

Third.— A photograph entered in one class
can not be entered in any other class.

Fourth. — Each photograph should be
marked on the back with the name and full
address of the sender, and the class in which
it is entered. This is important.

Fifth.— In judging the photographs, the
general appearance, neatness, etc., of the api-
ary, or exhibit, or yard, will be taken into
consideration. Photos may be sent un-
mounted. We rather prefer them this way,
and in a solio or reddish-brown if possible.
However, send such as you can get most
easily.

Sixth.— With each of the photographs sub-
mitted we would like a brief statement of the
conditions under which the apiary was pho-
tographed or honey produced, or similar in-
formation regarding the photograph. This
should be limited to about one hundred
words.

Seventh.- AH photographs and corres-
pondence regarcing the same should bead-
dressed to Advertising Department, Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio.

Eighth.— We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards or withhold any award it
no photo worthy is entered in the class.

AMERICAN COMPETITION
(Including Canada and Mexico)

AND

FOREIGN COMPETITION

The following are the classes in which en-
tries may be made :

Class A.— Photographs of any apiary in
village, town, or city.

Class B.— View of an apiary not exceeding
six hives in town or city.

Class C— Apiary in town or country of
not less than six hives or more than lifty
hives.

Class D.— Apiary in town or country ol
titty hives or more.

Class E.— Photograph of comb honey pro-
duced by a single colony of bees ; not less
than ten sections, and this preferably in plain
sections.

Class F.— Photograph of a bee-keeper^s
home, showing some view of the apiary it
possible. The apiary need not be prominent
in the picture, however.

Class G.— Photographs of a crop of honey
from any number of colonies, six or more.

Class H.— Photographs of any apiarian ex-
hibit of bees, supplies, or honey taken at fairs
or shows of any kind.

Class I. — Photographs of any work in the
bee-yard, such as hiving swarms, extracting,
or any other operations with the hive.

Class .J— Photographs of any other subject
relating to bee-keeping not classified above.

PRIZES

Value, Postpaid
First.- One leather-bound "A B C of

Bee Culture," 190" English edition, or

cloth-bound French or German $3.00

Second.— One-halt leather "ABC of

Bee Culture," 1907 English edition 1.75

Third.— One " How to Keep Bees " and

any two Swarthmore books - 1.50

Fourth.— One full cloth-bound "ABC

of Bee Culture," 1907 English edition. 1.20
Fifth.— One " How to Keep Bees," by

Anna Botstord Comstock 1.10

Sixth. — No. 1 bee- veil, all silk 80

Seventh.— No. 2 bee- veil, silk face 50

Eighth. — One illustrated book, " Bee

Culture in Foreign Countries " 50

Ninth.— One Bee Model, Queen 50

Tenth.- One Bee Model, Drone 50

Ten prizes are offered for each class : Ten
for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, etc.—
one hundred prizes for American contest, and
one hundred prizes for the Foreign contest;
two hundred in all it that number of entries
are received, the prizes offered being identical
for each class for the American competition
and for the Foreign.

If the winner of any certain prize already
has the prize offered, we will, on request from
him, furnish a selection of other items from
our catalogs, of equal value.

Danzenbalier Prizes

It is to be regretted that so many bee-keep-
ers are satisfied to produce year after year a
very ordinary grade of honey as regards its
appearance, when by a little more care, and
having more suitable fixtures, and by taking
the honey from the hive at just the right time,
a much larger percentage of " fancy," or "ex-
tra fancy " honey could be produced, which
would sell at a much higher price. The ex-
perience of honey-merchants generally is that
there is no difficulty in disposing of large
stocks of fancy or extra fancy, even when the
market Is dull. It is the inferior grades that
suffer most at these times. We believe, too,
that bee-keepers would be very much better
satisfied with their season's work it their best
efforts were made to produce a really fine
product. To increase further the interest in
extra fancy honey, the following prizes are
offered for honey produced in Danzenbaker
hives during the year 1907, under the follow-
ing conditions:

FIRST.— As above stated, the honey must
be produced in a Danzenbaker hive, either the
present style or any Danzenbaker hive that
has been put out within the last few years.
These hives may be had of any dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies in any part of the country.

SECOND.— For Classes 1 and 2 we require
a shipment of approximately the amount
stated, to be made by the bee-keeper direct to
us at Medina. After the prizes have been
awarded the honey entered for competition
in Class 1 or 2 will be held subject to the in-
structions of the producer. We will sell it at
5 percent commission, or we will ship it to

any point direct by freight or express. There
being good honey markets in our immediate
vicinity, such as Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleve-
land, Buffalo, and Pittsburg, it can be dis-
posed of without difficulty at good market
prices, and the shipper will not have to lose a
I good market by shipping it here. Neither
I the honey awarded a prize nor that which ob-
I tained no prize is to be our property, but will
I be sold subject to the instructions of the pro-
ducer who sends it to us. We are interested
I only in inspecting it to award the prizes.

THIRD.— For all honey submitted for prizes
we must have a definite statement from the
producer regarding the conditions under
which it was produced, whether a light or
heavy flow of honey, how the colony was
handled, how many colonies in the yard, from
what source produced, etc,

FOURTH.— For Classes 3, 4, and 5, w©
must, in addition to the above report, have
the signature of two witnesses, certifying to
the correctness of the report. If the party
who sends us the report for the competition
is well known to us we shall not require these
witnesses. References may be given instead
of the signature of witnesses if desired. All
parties intending to compete for these prizes
should send for blanks which we will furnish,
on which the report may be made out.

FIFTH.— It will be noticed in the last three
classes, three to five inclusive, that it is not
at all necessary to send us the honey — all we
require is a report.

SIXTH.— We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards in each class, or to make
no awards in a class if there are no satisfac-
tory entries for the same.

SEVENTH.— No contestant will be awarded
more than one prize in each class, but may
make two entries it desired — one in Class 1 or
2, and another in Class 3, -4, or 5.

The classifications for the prizes are as fol-
lows:

Class 1.— For best shipment of 200 lbs. of
comb honey in Danzenbaker sections.

Class 2.— For best case of comb honey in
Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3.— For best report of yield from
single colony in Danzenbaker hive.

Class 4. — For best report of yield from five
colonies in Danzenbaker hives.

Class 5.— Eor best report of general results
from use of Danzenbaker hive.

For each class there will be ten prizes as
follows:
First.— SIO.OO.
Second. — $7 00.
Third.— $5.00.
Fourth.— $2.00.
Fifth to Tenth.— SI. 00 each.

This is the time to decide to enter this com-
petition. No matter where you live, whether
in the United States or elsewhere, you can
certainly find one class in which you can
make an entry ; and as there are ten prizes in
each class, we believe that no one will be
greatly disappointed in the results unless it is
ourselves, and we hope that we shall not be,
but see a large number of entries. Even if
you fail to get a prize, you will doubtless have
increased the value of your own product by
your efforts to produce some big results or an
extra quality of honey.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at ttad Post-OfBce at Cblca^o ae BecoDd-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. Vork & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEOUGK W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., JANUARY 31, 1907

Vol. XLVII— No, 5

iiormi ^ofcs
and Comments

Getting Freight-Rates Lowered on
Honey

Mr. Fred W. Muth, a member of the Na-
tional Freight-Rate Committee, sends us the
following for publication :

At the annual convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association at San Antonio,
Tex., in November, 1006, there was a commit-
tee appointed to secure, if possible, lower
freight-rates on honey. Being one of that
committee, I wish to make an explanation in
behalf of the recognized high freight-rates,
and then point out to each and every bee-
keeper the steps that must be taken in order
that the committee may be successful.

In the course of a year we receive many
car-loads, as well as innumerable shipments
of both comb and extracted boney. In one
year's time we are obliged to enter many,
many claims with the railroad companies, and
are subjected to experiences which enable me
to write intelligently upon this subject.

I am informed by a railroad official that the
Classification Committees determine their
classifications on an average, based upon the
number of claims and the amount of money
.expended for damages incurred en route in the
course of one year. Therefore, it is plainly
seen that the shipjters are responsible for the
exorbitant freight-charges imposed upon
themselves, and lower rates need not be expect-
ed until the losses paid by the transportation
companies have reached the very minimum.
Consequently, we must help ourselves, by
learning how to ship our honey. Other in-
dustries have done it; why not we! Take,
for example, the packages used by the sugar
refineries — l/iey are perfect; as well as those
of the coffee importers, cereal manufacturers,
and countless others that I could mention.
They were compelled to work, and work hard
in order to bring their losses down to the
minimum, and discovered that it was abso-
lutely necessary to use perfect packages, and
nothiiif] else. They now have the advantage
of lower freight-rates than the honey-shipper.

In order to accomplish our aim to secure
ower rates, we must, withoutone exception,
hip both comb and extracted honey in first-
lass packages. Bee-keepers, it you are pro-
ucing comb honey for the market, by all

means use bottom as well as top starters in your
sections, so that the honey can not break
loose at the bottom. This is the first and a
very important step to be taken.

Furthermore, be sure to use the nodrip
shipping-case. Wrap each case in paper, so
that it will be kept clean en route. Pack t5 or
8 cases in one carrier, well supplied with
straw in the bottom, and having bandies that
extend from 4 to 6 inches beyond its sides.
Lastly, do no forget the usual "Handle
With Care" placard.

Now, if every bee-keeper and shipper of
honey will follow the above instructions to
the letter, it will tend to introduce a method
that is both simple and practical, and he will
not only realize a greater profit in his prod-
uct, but will also be assisting those who are
giving their time and lending their experience
to secure lower freight-rates.

The producers and shippers of carloads of
comb honey appreciate the value and advan-
tage of bottom as well as top starters For
instance, last summer we received two car-
loads of comb honey from two diflerent ship-
pers. The one oar contained 1170, and the
other 13.50 cases, and in the entire lot there
was not one comb broken! These shippers
understand their business. On the other
hand, we received quite a number of small
shipments, with here and there a broken
comb, frequently some badly damaged lots,
caused by the failure to use bottom starters.
These experiences are trying and disgusting,
and were the shipper in question subjected to
a few of them, he would, without doubt, pay
more attention to the manner in which he
produced his honey, and his method of pack-
ing for shipment. These are the shipments
that are responsible for the high freight-
rates. Do not misunderstand me — there are
many producers and shippers of honey on a
small scale, who thoroughly understand this
part of the work, and we must give the credit
that is due them.

A word regarding extracted honey: The
railroad companies pay more damage claims
on account of poor packages used for ex-
tracted honey than for comb honey, and it
behooves us to snip our extracted honey in
new cans, if this style of package is to be used ;
or, if it be barrels, let them be good ones,
well coopered, an^l first-class in everjf respect.

The greatest trouble rests with the bee-
keeper; heelings entirely too much to sec-
ond-hiind packages, just because he can buy
them a little cheaper; whereas, if he were to
ship his product in good packagess, the
freight-rates would be comparatively less,
and, in the end, his cost for shipping would
be a great deal less than at the present time,
and there would be no trouble with the rail-
road companies, nor any unsatisfactory trans-
actions.

Therefore, we must ask the bee-keepers to
help— each and every one— if they want us to
obtain lower freight-rates.

Respectfully submitted,

Fred W. Muth,
Member Freight-Rate Committee.

We are very glad to place the foregoing be-
fore our readers. It is exactly in line with
the suggestion we made at the San Antonio
National convention (see page 'M of the Na-
tional Report pamphlet), that "the dealers
should write something about the proper
shipping packages,'' if they desire the bee-
papers to help induce bee-keepers to improve
their methods of production and preparation
for shippiog. For years we have urged put-
ting 6 or S cases of honey in large crates or
carriers, with straw or hay underneath to
break the force of a jar or jolt in handling
and shipping, and with properly printed cau-
tions on the outside, so that freight handlers
would not handle honey as they would a box
of baseballs.

Also, Dr. Miller has for years described his
method of using bottom starters (as well as
top ones) in sections of comb honey. But so
many bee-keepers seem slow to profit by the
good advice given in the bee-papers. Or, it
may be that many bee-keepers who are help-
ing to cause the continuance of high freight-
rates on honey do not read bee-papers. Of
course, such are -'saving at the spigot and
losing at the bunghole."

But we are very certain that all the bee-
papers will be glad to help in every way pos-
sible to save money for their readers. Per-
haps one of the first things needed is for
every present reading bee-keeper to see to it
that all his neighbor bee-keepers read the bee-
papers also. This would help all around.

Bees and Qrapes

The following has been called forth by Mr.
Kennedy's article, page 980 (1906) :

.John Kennedy seems to think that more
should give their experience as to bees work-

Jan. 31, 1907

American Bee Journal

in? on grapes. I'm ready to give mine as far
as it goes. Some years bees work thickly on
my grapes; other years scarcely at all. even
when they have nothing else to do. Ihe
grapes, when first punctured, appear just as
Mr. Kennedy says, " just as if one had stuck
the point of a knife-blade in the side of each
grape,'" only there is an enlargement of the
cut at each end. Further than this, deponent
sayethnot. .

Is not Mr. Kennedy in error in deciding that
bumble-bees were of different kinds because
of different sizes? If I am not mistaken I
have seen in the same nest bumble-bees of
different sizes. *^- C Miller.

Dr. Miller is over-cautious about drawing
conclusions from his meager facts. One fact
is that there are times when bees suck the
juice of the grapes, and another that there
are times when they do not do so, although a
dearth may be in existence at the time. That
inclines to the belief that some other agency
must open the way for the bees.

The incision made in the grape was like
that made by the point of a knife thrust in,
with an enlargement at each end. Is it likely
a bee would make a cut of that kind? It
could not make it at a single blow, but a bird
could. With an open mouth a bird striking
the grape would make a hole with its pointed
upper bill and another with its lower bill,
and then closing its bill it would make the
knife-cut between the two enlarged openings.
But why not see the bird actually at work!
Some one has said it is done very early in the
morning. But why not watch early in the
morning? Certainly here is a chance for
further investigation.

go forward in its work for the good of all its
members, and for the benefit of bee-keeping
in general, and not waste any time on those
who would sow discord among the member-
ship.

If any member thinks he has a grievance,
let him submit it to the Board of Directors for
adjustment.

If any member knows that any officer, edi-
tor or manufacturer has become rich at the
expense of the National's membership, and
unfairly so, why, let it be announced pub-
licly who such individual is. It is hardly pos-
sible that any one could get very rich in such
manner without at least several members be-
ing aware of it. We have been fairly well
acquainted with most of the officers of the

National during the past 30 years, and we
don't know of a single one who made any-
thing for himself out of such oliioial connec-
tion. We do know several, however, who
made financial sacrifices for the Association ;
but they were glad of the opportunity to
do so.

By the way, we fail to recall anything of
any very great importance that any of the
few who are now opposing the National ever
did for its success. And at least one or two
of them were not members at all until some
3 or 3 months ago.

Say, haven't about enough time, attention,
and words been wasted on Jhis thing? We
plead guilty to a little of it, and expect
to drop it with this editorial.

The National Association All Right

Mr. M. A. Gill, perhaps Colorado's most
extensive comb-honey producer, wrote us as
follows under date of Jan. 10, 1907 :

FmTOR York:— I wish to thank those
who voted for me for President of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association last Novem-
ber I appreciate the honor intended but I
think the best man won, as is generally the
case I hereby pledge my aid and support to
thlNationll in its efforts to give the greatest
good to the greatest number.

I may say that I started on Nov. 4, 1906 to
attend the National convention at San An-
wn'orbut was delayed Ijy the trams so that
when I reached El Paso I found I could be
present but one day, so I switched off for
California to visit my daughter.

While speaking of the National Associa-
tion I am reminded of the petty strifes and
differences of opinions that have sprung up
and want to say that from my view-point I
can Je no just cause for such differences. I
never have anything for sale except honey,
and 1 am quite an extensive buyer of supplies
for my own use only having bought 100 000
seot^ns and 600 pounds of comb foundation
,n 1906) ; think I have been watchful with re-
gard to my own interests, and I will say that
I have never detected where any editor or
manufacturer was trying to.corral the inter^
ests of our National Association to his own

^thopt'tha; every bee-keeper will help the
Nation'll along until it becomes a bulwark bej
hind which we can all t^l^^ /^^'"f ' mire
through it secure the enforcement of the pure
food faw, educate the public on the use of
honey, and then secure better prices and a
ibetter demand. ^"- ■"■

Mr Gill is quite right, that the " strifes and
differences of opinion that have sprung up "
among a few members of the National are
u petty " In fact, they are so " petty " that
really the National's management need only

flecus -If ems

lioading a Car ol Bee.s.— The piciuiu
on the first page shows Mr. W. O. Victor, of
Texas, loading a car of 494 colonies and 396
3-frame nuclei of bees to be shipped to Utah.
Mr. V. is a bee-keeper of large experience in
the handling and shipping of bees. We had
the pleasure of meeting him when attending
the San Antonio National convention last
November. He is one of the leading bee-
keepers of Texas, and spoke a word of cordial
welcome to the members of the National con-
vention when it opened its sessions in San
Antonio. ^

Legislation for Missouri Bee-Keep-

e,.g.._We have received the following from
the Secretary of the Missouri State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, which deserves the careful
attention of every Missouri bee-keeper:

The Apiary Bill " providing for an inspector
of apiaries to assist in the development and
protection of the honey-industry, and for the
prevention and suppression of diseases among
honey-bees, such as foul brood," etc., has
been introduced in the Senate of the 44th
General Assembly, and is called Senate Bill
No. 145. , , ,,.

1 earnestly request all bee-keepers of Mis-
souri to write to the Representative of then-
county in our Legislature ; also to the Sena-
tor of their district, a letter urging them to
work- and vote for Senate Bill No. 145, as it is
of the utmost importance to the beekeepers
of the State that this Bill may pass and be-
come a law. It would assist me in my work
if each one who has written to nis Represen-
tatives in the Legislature, would send me a
postal card stating to whom he has written,
as I, when I approach these gentlemen, then
will' know that they lian- heard f rum home.

Bee-keepers, let us all work for the Foul
Brood Bill, and we will succeed in having it

^^There is another Bill before the Legislature
now which is of great importance to the bee-
keepers—the Pure Food Bill. Bills have been
introduced in the Senate, being Senate Bills
Nos. 47 and 48, also in the House, being Nos.
"15 and 316 Both the Senate and House Bills
read alike, which, if they become laws, will

Mup Lui- ,sa.t ol auy article under the name of
honey which is not the pure product of the
honey-bee. It will easily be seen that the
demand for honey must increase if these Bills
pass and become laws, as it will stop the
adulteration of honey by mixing honey with
glucose, or by putting a little piece of comb
honey in a tumbler and filling it with glucose
and calling it " honey."

Bee-keepers, write to your Representatives,
and Senators, also, to support these Bills.
Write to the Senators to support Senate Bills
Nos. 145, 47 and 48, and write to the Repre-
sentatives to support Senate Bill No. 145 and
House Bills Nos. 315 and 316.

Bee-Keepers of Missouri, don't miss this
chance to do something for yourselves.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP,

Sec. Missouri State Bee-Keepers' Association..

We hope that Mr. Holekamp's earnest call
will be heeded by all the Missouri readers of
the American Bee Journal. And may they
succeed in their worthy efforts !

An Armful Swarm of Bees forms an
interesting picture on the first page. Mr. W.
O. Victor, who is holding the bees on his arm,
seems quite unconcerned— just as if it were
an every-day occurrence with him. Both of
the photographs appearing on the first page
this week were given to us by Mr. Victor, at
the National convention in San Antonio, in
November, 1906. It is hoped that he will
soon contribute from his large fund of bee-
experience to the department of " Southern
Beedom."

The Minnesota State Bee-Keepers'
Society has sent us a copy of a good circu-
lar that is evidently being sent to Minnesota
bee-keepers. It says the objects of the Society
are the promotion of scientific and practical
bee-keeping, and also securing legislation for
the encouragement and advancement of the
bee-keeping industry. As a body they be-
long to the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and also to the Minnesota State Horti-

Jan. 31, 1907

87

American Vae Journa

cultural Society, which means that for $1.25 a
Minnesota bee-keeper can bucoiDc a meiriber
of :i organi/ationB, and Is entitled to the
t)enefits and literature of all. From the Hor-
ticultural Society literature in pamphlet form
i.s received every month, and at the end of
the year the whole in book form ; also the
programs and reports of bee-Ueepers' conven-
tions are printed with the report of the Hor-
ticultural Society ; in addition, 2 plant-pre-
miums arc given if the Secretary is notified
Imfore April 1.

It would seem that the features mentioned
would be sullicient inducement for every
Minnesota bee-keeper to become a member of
the State Bee-Keepers' Society at once. Chas.
D. Blaker, Sta. F, Minneapolis, Minn., is the
Secretary, and Mrs. W. S. Wingate, 3013 Fre-
mont Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn., is the
Treasurer, The membership diies of $1.25
may be sent either to Mr. Blaker or Mrs. Win-
gate.

Suminer the Time for Bees

'' Rummer." said the humming bee,
" Summtr is the time for me !

Rictiest fields of luscious clover,

Honey-cups all brimming over;

Not a cloud the long day through !

I like summer best — don't you?"

— Selected.

The Worcester Co.. (Mass.) Conven-
tion.— The Tth annual meeting of the Wor-
cester County Bee-Keepers' Association was
held Jan. 12, 1907, at Worcester, with Pres.
Burton Gates in the chair. After the brief
reports, the following officers were elected:

President, Burton Gates; 1st Vice-Presi-
dent, F. H. Drake; 3d Vice-President, Chas.
Goodell; and Secretary-Treasurer, Arthur H.
Estabrook, of Leicester.

There were nearly 40 bee-keepers present,
although the weather was very bad. Particu-
lar attention was paid to the status of bee-
diseases in Massachusetts. A copy of the
proposed Bill for Connecticut for protective
legislation against bee-diseases was read and
discussed. The Secretary was directed to
correspond with the Massachusetts bee-keep-
ers, in order to see what steps should be taken
to secure the needed law. The hope was ex-
pressed that inspection would not only reduce
the bee-diseases of the State, but that it would
do much to elevate the bee-keeping methods
and eliminate the primitive box-hives which
are still used to some extent.

It was decided to hold, on Feb. 9 or 16
(according to the convenience of the speak-
ers), an all day and evening Institute with the
State Board of Agriculture. The full pro-
gram and exact date can be learned from the
Secretary. There will also be a banquet.
Everybody is invited to attend the meetjng
and banquet (the price of the latter being 50
cents). All kinds of implements, inventions,
and products of bees are solicited for the ex-
hibition. It is expected that there will be
present several hundred of the representative
bee-keepers of New England. No one who
can possibly attend can afford to stay away.
Further details may be had by addressing the
Secretary, A. H. Estabrook, care of Clark
University, Worcester, Mass. Also watch
the New England Homestead and Worcester
newspapers.

Bee-Keepers' Supplies — Are

they too High-Priced ?

Gasoline Engines

BY r. GKEINER.

I ;iin not .ilisolutcly certain that the
bce-keepcrs ul our land have good rea-
son to comphiin about "high" prices of
supplies. It may be that too many mid-
dlemen are employed. If this is the
case, then it is not much different
from what we see all around us in other
branches of manufacture. Even the
products of our farm pass through a
chain of hands before reaching the con-
sumer, till the price the farmer receives
is doubled, tripled and quadrupled.

The agents which travel from town
to town, and store to store, selhng the
goods of manufacturing concerns, must
receive their pay. which comes out of
the consumer, eventually. It is true,
our large supply - dealers employ no
traveling agents, their business being
largely a mail-order one, and it would
seem that there is absolutely no need
of a middleman, but they are there ! In
view of the fact that some manufactur-
ers, employing no agents, have .no
branch houses, offer goods much lower
than the other so-called "big manufac-
turers," it would almost seem that the
prices the latter class ask for their
goods are rather high. On the other
hand, it must not be lost sight of that
the bee-keepers are not without redress.
There is nothing to hinder our making
our own bee-hives, sections, sinokers,
and extractors. I have done so, and
still do so to some extent.

Certain goods are difficult to make by
the bee-keeper himself; this cannot be
denied ; the honey-box or section, for
example. To make these, as large manu-
facturers make them, requires special
machinery, which is too costly for the
small manufacturer. Years ago we
sawed our sections on a circular saw
by horse-power. They were four-piece
sections, and had to be nailed, were
very rigid, and. when filled, were
glassed. Mr. Doolittle, I observe, has
adhered to this very section while near-
ly all the rest of us have adopted the
one-piece section or the four-piece dove-
tailed. We are not obliged to pay an
exhorbitant price for the one-piece sec-
tion as long a^ we. can make a good
four-piece for ■■urselves.

If we, however, find it to our advan-
tage to use the large manufacturer's
goods, we have to pay him his price.

The dovetailed hive is another ex-
ample. I ftiil t^' see the advantage of a
dove-tailed corner over any other, any-
how. With a plain circular saw we

can make our hives with a "halved"
corner, which is much .superior to the
dove-tailed ; or we can simply cut off
square and nail together. Hives made
thus last a life-time, with good care. Why
go to the big manufacturer and con-
tribute to his riches?

Since I began bee-keeping and the
manufacture of hives and other neces-
sary supplies, a great change has come
about. .'\s mentioned above, wc em-
ployed "the liorse" as the power to serve
our purpose ; this was 30 years ago.
Gas and gasoline engines have now
taken the place of the horse, much to
the comfort, pleasure and advantage, of
both the horse and his owner. It is now
a matter of great regret to me that
I did not, some years ago, employ the
gasoline engine to do my work rather
ask the faithful horse to do it; but I
was timid, fearing the engine would not
prove the thing for me. I also feared
the cost of the experiment. There may
be other bee-keepers similarly situated
as I was, and for their benefit I wTite
this. I would have given quite a Ht-
tile if some one, in whom I placed con-
fidence, could have told me what I know-
now about gasoline engines for bee-
hive work. It was a question with me
as to what size engine to purchase. I
finally settled on a two-horse power
engine. I reasoned thus : One horse hav-
ing been doing most of my w'ork, al-
though some time the power was hardly
adequate, why should not a 2-horse-pow-
er engine suffiice? True, a horse rnay be
"stimulated" to such an extent as to
produce a power equal to a two or four
horse power engine for a moment or
so ; with the engine such a course is
■ not possible, but what the engine can do
at all, it can do all the time.

I installed the two-horse pow-er en-
gine with some fears and misgivings, but
now I am glad to say that it is answer-
ing my purpose perfectly. It is so eas-
ily started that I seldom saw off as
much as one board with the hand-saw
any more. The engine is handy for
other work also. What untold hard,
backaching work I might have saved
myself and hired man had I invested,
some years ago. would be difficult to
cornpute.

Since lumber is becoming higher and
higher in price, timber getting more
scarce, the little engine helps us to save
many an expense in this line. We util-
ize almost any kind of timber, of any
size down to 3 and 4 inches in diameter
for the bee-hive work. Shipping-cases
may be inade from basswood, poplar,
whitewood. pine, hemlock, chestnut, but-
ternut, and other timbers not too hard.
I have even used old chestnut fence-
rails which otherwise would have found
their wav into the kitchen stove. The

Jan. 31, 1907

American l^ee Journal

manner in which I handle any sucli ma-
terial is this:

First, the rails, slabs or small trees
are cut on the crosscut saw about 19 to 20
inches in length ; next, on the rip-saw
I take off a little slab, turn down on the
flat sideand split through the middle; in
case of slabs or rails no splitting
through the middle is necessary, but
such are in shape to rip up into desired
width at once, after taking a little of one
side off.

The tops and bottoms of shipping
cases need not be all of one piece. With
our rig we can not saw anything much
w;ider than 4 or 5 inches. This is suffi-
cient for our work. While a whole top
or a whole bottom may be better for a
shipping-case, a 3-piece bottom or top
answers well.

Brood-frames should be made of
white pine, if possible, but wide frames
and the material for section-holders mav
be of almost any other timber soft
enough to nail up easily.

In the years gone by we have w^asted
and burned a great deal of material that
we could now utilize very nicelv for
hive-fixtures. This is a matter of re-
gret, but cannot be helped now. The
high_ price of timber has made us more
careful and saving, and in the future
we will have to economize more and
more. The gasoline engine will help us
do it, and at the same tiine make us
more independent of the supplv dealer.

Js'aples, N. Y.

Wax-Extracting — The Her-

shiser Wax-Press and

Method

BY OREL L. HERSHISER

Beeswax is the more valuable of
apiarian products. It commands the
higher price; there is a steady and con-
stant demand for it; its market value
is comparatively stable: it keeps indefi-
nitely and unchan.ged by the elements,
and is not ordinarily subject to damage
in transportation.

Notwithstanding its high standard of
value, apiarists, generally, have given lit-
tle thought to its production until quite
recent years, producing what they could
obtain by primitive methods of extract-
ing, but wasting and destroying more
than was produced. This lack of inter-
est and progress in the art of wax-pro-
duction was undoubtedly due to the dif-
ficulty of separating the wax from the
refuse, composed of cast-off cocoons
from which bees have hatched, propo-
lis, pollen, and other foreign materials,
always present in old bee-comb in vary-
ing quantities. So difficult and almost
nnpossible was it, by the means em-
ployed, to extract more than a small
amount of wax from these impurities
that it was supposed by many that the
old bee-comb contained little else than
dross. _ Because of the unprofitable re-
turns for the work, muss and trouble of
extracting what little wax could be ob-
tained, vast quantities of old bee-comb
have been destroyed or thrown away, the
bee-keeper believing it to be of no "prac-
tical value.

Thus apiarists in this and other lands

have been throwing away many dollars
annually, the aggregate waste to some
individual bee-keepers, during the years
of their bee-keeping, reaching into the
hundreds of dollars, and apiculture gen-
erally has lost hundreds of dollars in
this way. As a matter of fact, all old
bee-comb is rich in fine wax, the quan-
tity varying from 30 percent upwards,
according to the quantity of foreign
impurities contained therein. New comb
in which bees have not been reared or
pollen stored is approximately 100 per
cent pure.

Any of the wax-presses heretofore in
common use, when economically op-
erated, will necessarily leave in the
slumgum a large amount of wax, the
quantity varying from 8 percent to 25
percent of the weight of the slumgum.
Slumgum from the solar wax-extractor
contains even a higher percetitage of
wax. All this has been proven many
times over by re-extracting the slum-
gum from nearly every known wax-press,
including all the modern and most ap-
proved styles heretofore on the market.
The difficulty, however, is not that of
insufficient pressure, but because the
methods are faulty in other particulars.
In these presses the interior parts of
the mass of slumgum are not subjected
to the same compression as the outside
portions, the elasticity of the mas-;
opposing and diminishing the actual
pressure. As the surface of the mass be-
comes hard and compact the escape of
wax is impeded. Moreover, the power
required to compress the slumgum in-
creases greatly toward the end of the
operation, as the more the mass is com-
pressed the more solid and less imper-
vious it becomes, especially on the sur-
face of the mass, and hence the greater
the force necessary to expel the remain-
ing wax, which by these faulty meth-
ods could possibly be obtained; and
finally, except a radical departure be
taken from the ordinary and custotnary
methods of compression, capillary at-
traction will hold a portion of the wax
with the moisture which it will be im-
possible to expel with any amount of
pressure.

If you w-ill saturate a sponge with
coloring-matter, which is capable of be-
ing washed out, and subject it to pres-
sure, it will be found that no amount
of squeezing will remove all the color.
Saturate it with water and squeeze
again, and more of the coloring-matter
will be removed, and if the process of
saturating with water and squeezing be
repeated several times all the coloring
matter will be expelled. It has been
washed out. Likewise, in a very similar
niaiiner, if a rintss of old bee-coiub be
subjected to boiling water, the wax con-
tained therein will melt, and water and
wax may be squeezed out, but no amount
of pressure will expel all the water and
w-ax. But let tiie mass of old comb
be saturated with hot water again, and
the squeezing repeated, and as the hot
water is expelled it will bring out with it
a portion of the remaining wax. If the
process of intermittent pressure and sat-
uration with hot water is several times
repeated ultimately all the wax will
be expelled, and the slumgum will liold
only water in capillary attraction.

Again, the specific gravity of wax be-

ing less than that' of water, if we do
the pressing under the surface of hot
water, the wax, as it is separated from
the slumgum, will rise and float on the
surface of the water.

If the mass of old comb or slumgum
is comparatively thin the wax will have
but a short distance to move to become
free therefrom, and by applying inter-
mittent pressure, while immersed in hot
water, the washing process, as exem-
plified in the case of the sponge, will
be employed.

It is obvious that the methods here-
tofore in use locked up within the slum-
gum large quantities of wax, as it were
in a strong safe, requiring a certain but
simple combination to open and release
it into our possession. That combina-
tion, embracing the application of scien-

Hershiser Wax-Press

tifically correct principles, as herein
. pointed out, is fully comprehended in
the Hershiser wax-press, a view of which
is herewith presented.

Brieflj-, this is a construction in which
the masses of slumgum within the ex-
tractor are placed in comparatively thin
layers so that the wax has the shortest
distance possible to move to become free
therefrom.

Again, the masses of slumgum or old
comb are pressed while immersed m
boiling water, and the wax rises and
floats on the surface.

Further, the structure is designed with
the special object of advantageously ap-
plying the principle or intermittent pres-
sure.

Finally, in this structure the pres-
sure on the several layers of old comb
or slumgum is readily and automatically
released, thus affording the best possible
conditions for the absorption of hot
water for the displacement of the wax
by repeated pressings.

Considering the extractor specifically,
a boiler or rectangular form is provided,
which besides its use in holding the
water and bee-comb, or slumgum, to be
extracted, serves as the guiding means
for the follower, and separating or di-
vision racks placed between the chees-.s
of slumgum. Being constructed out of
very strong sheet-metal it enables the
operator to apply the maximum amount
of pressure required for the ext'-action
of the wax. Across the top of the boi'er
IT; a beam, the ends of which extend
underneath loops at two of its opposite
sides. The boiler is provided at one

Jan. 31, 1907

American Vae Journal

^^j^^_^v5^3

end and on lliu tiutsidc willi a fmuK-l
or spoilt opening into tlic same near tin-
bottom thereof, tlic top of the funnel
being nearly on a level with the top
of the boiler. The funnel is for the
purpose of introducing hot water into
the boiler at tlie bottom. A delivery
spout is provided near the top of the
boiler for drawing off the wa.K after the
same has been melted and pressed from
the cheeses of wa.x-yielding materials. A
cock for drawing ofT the water from the
boiler is provided near its bottom.

The boiler ma\' be placed on a stovi .
or other suitable means of heating may
be provided. Through the beam at the
top is introduced a screw engaging suit-
al)le screw-threaded bushing therein.
The screw is provided with a handle and
exerts pressure downward on the fol-
lower, which is substantially the size of
the inside horizontal dimension of the
boiler. In the bottom of the boiler is
placed a rack or grate consisting of
spaced steel bars on edge, over which is
placed a woven-wire screen. On this is
placed a cheese of bee-comb or slumguni
after the same has been made in proper
form, by means of a cheese-bo.\ pro-
vided for the purpose, and being
wrapped and secured in burlap cloth.
On top of this bottom cheese is placed a
slatted wooden frame, called a division-
rack, consisting of cross slats, on the
top and bottom of which are seciir>d
woven-wire screens. The cheeses and
these division-racks alternate until the
top is reached, the standard number of
cheeses being three, when the follower
is placed on top of the uppermost cheese,
this follower being provided with cross-
slats covered with woven-wire screen
on its under side.

In operation, the extractor is placed
on a stove or other suitable means of
heating, and sufficient water is provided
to prevent the heat from injuring the
bottom of the boiler, after wdiich it is
tilled w'ith the cheeses of slumgum or
old comb as described. More water is
then added until it rises to nearly the
level of the delivery spout. The whole
is then brought to a sharp boil. Owing
to the construction of the division-racks
the water is free to circulate between
the layers of slumgum or old comli, and.
when boiled, melts every particle of
wax contained therein. The slumgum,
ow'ing to the presence of the burlap
covering in which it is wrapped and
the screen-covered division-racks, can
not pass up between the slatted frames,
but the wax. wdien melted by the hot
water, readily passes, and escapes in
this way, rising and floating on the
surface of the water, where, by means
of raising the level of the water, by
filling in hot water through the funnel,
the wax may be readily and cleanly
drawn ofif, so that no wax will remain
on the surface of the water in the ex-
tractor. Near the end of the operation
some hot water will come out with the
last remnants of wax, leaving the sur-
face in the extractor clean. A large de-
livery spout is provided, which results
in cleanly drawing off the wax with the
use of a comparatively small quantity
of hot water.

In pressing, the screw should be
turned down gently at first, allowing

the wa.x and water to escape from the
cheeses. .^fter the screw has been
turned down as far as it will go with
moderate exertion, allow the slumguni
to remain under compression 4 or 5
minutes. Then reverse the screw and
release the pressure, allowing 4 or 5
minutes for the slumgum to absorb the
hot water. Then press again, turning
the screw down a little further than the
first time, and leaving the slumgum un-
der pressure 4 or 5 minutes as before;
then release the pressure as before, and
repeat the process of intermittent pres-
sure a few times until the wax is clean-
ly extracted from the slumgum, each
successive pressing turning the screw
down a little further.

To form the cheese, a box without
top or bottom is provided, the same
being a little longer on the lower than
on the upper plane, in order that it may
be easily slipped off from the cheese af-
ter is is formed. Lay this cheese-bo.x
on a plain surface, preferably a wood or
cement floor, spread the burlap cheese-
cloth over it so it will project uniformly
from the four sides of the cheese-box,
and then press it evenly down so that it
will fit snugly against the four inner
sides of the box. Now fill in the slum-
gum or old comb, tamping it down good
and solid, a tamper made of a 2x4 piece
of wood being good for the pu 1 p sh
When the cheese is filled even with the
top of the box, fold the cloth from two
opposite sides and fasten ; then fold the
cloth from the remaining sides and
fasten. Long, sharp brad-nails, used as
pins, have been found to be excellent
for fastening the cheese-cloth. The
cheese, still within the box, may now be
placed in the extractor and the bo.x
lifted off.

When rendering comb which contains
a large percentage of wax, or in con-
verting cappings into wa.x by the hot-
water process, it is advisable to melt the
comb or cappings in another boiler and
dip out as much as can readily be ob-
tained. Then place the cheese-box on a
division-rack, over the extractor, so the
drip will fall therein, and form the
cheese by dipping the residue from the
boiler into the burlap lined cheese-box
until it is full, no tamping be required.

In crowding the extractor to its full-
est capacity the beam may be adjusted
after the slumgum has been heated suf-
ficiently to settle down where it will
not interfere.

By the method here described, prac-
tically all the wax may be extracted
from old comb or slumgum. By this is
meant that after the extracting is fin-
ished as per directions for the opera-
tion as practiced in every-day commer-
cial use, less than l per cent of the
residue will be wax. As a matter of
fact, thorough and severe tests which
have been made of slumgum from which
the wax had been extracted as here de-
scribed have revealed from less than i/^
of I percent to less than s.s of i per
cent.

It will be observed that there is no
opening of the extractor after it is
filled until the extracting is finished.
Hence there is no raking, shaking or
pawing over of the slumgum, and no
second or subsequent cookings and
pressings in order to get what wax it is

possible to obtain by some of the mussy
and unsatisfactory methods.

In years past I was one of those
who mussed and fussed over wax-ex-
tracting, and finally came to using a
screw-press machine of modern manu-
facture, reputed to be one of the best.
By this machine I was obtaining from
JOG to 250 pounds of wax, annually, but
the results of extracting were always
unsatisfactory, and for good reasons,
as, besides the slow and tedious work,
involving the use of a comparatively
large amount of fuel and the remelt-
ing of the wax in order to mould it,
I have since discovered that, with all
my pains in raking, scraping, stirring
and repeated pressings, I had been
throwing away in the slumgum a con-
siderable quantity of wax each year,
which it was impossible to obtain' with
the press. This waste amounted to
enough to pay a handsome dividend on
an investment of several presses. I can
therefore fully appreciate the pleasure
of being spared all that muss, which has
now become unnecessary, and there is
added satisfaction in the knowledge that,
when the operation of extracting is
coinpleted, practically all the wax has
been extracted from the slumgum, and
that this maximum of beneficial result
has been achieved with the minimum
amount of labor, muss and expense. It
may be added that in the prodigality
of wax-wasting I had much good com-
pany, as I have had occasion to know
that my experience was by no means
exceptional. Indeed, a fair estimate
would place nine-tenths or more of the
bee-keepers in the class to wdiich I then
belonged.

A fair average price of wax in East-
ern markets is 28 cents per pound. Sup-
pose that after extracting is finished the
residue of slumgum amounts to 100
pounds. Now for every pound of wax
thrown away with the slumgum 28 cents
is lost ; 28 cents is 6 per cent of $4.66 2-3.
Then to find how much money at 6 per
cent is required to yield the value of a
given number of pounds of wax lost in
the slumgum, multiply $4.66 2-3 by such
number. For example, suppose we find
that we are losing 8 lbs. of wax in every
100 lbs. of slumgum ; then $4.66 2-3x8
equals $37.33 1-3, which is the amount
that at 6 percent would be required to
yield $2.24, the value of the 8 pounds
of wax lost: like cases may be solved
by this rule. For the benefit of those
who have no ready means of ascertain-
ing how much wax thev are wasting,
it may be stated that perhaps not one
bee-keeper in 50 is getting within from
8 to 10 per cent of his wa.x. and per-
haps one in 10 is getting within 15 to
25 per cent.

Deposits of money in banks that pay
4 percent where the money is available
for withdrawal is considered an ideal in-
vestment. Municipal, State or Govern-
ment bonds seldom yield more than 6
percent, yet they are favorite invest-
ments for capitalists. How much more
ideal, then, is an investment by the bee-
keeper of a small sum in a good wax-ex-
tractor which, after tnaking due allow-
ance for wear and tear on the machine,
will yield all the way from 6 percent to
many hundred percent, depending upon
the amount of wax to be extracted. Bee-

Jan. 31, 1907

American ^ae Journal

keepers will quickly observe the fact
that the additional first cost (over and
above the cost of the best of other
presses) of a machine that will save
anywhere from one dollar upwards to
twice or thrice such cost annually, is
certainly an ideal and highly profitable
investment. The old adage, " The best
is the cheapest." may be well and truly
applied to wax-extractors.

Wishing to ascertain how much fuel
it was necessary to use under the most
unfavorable conditions, 200 pounds of
slumgum from a solar wax-extractor
was carefully weighed out and extract-
ed. The following notes were taken :

The temperature of the water, drawn
from the cold-water tap in the cellar,
was 33 degrees F. The temperature of
the cellar where the slumgum was
stored and the extracting done was 2:1
degrees F. The amount of water used
was 45 gallons. The fuel was illumi-
nating gas. The amount of fuel con-
sumed in extracting was 300 feet ; addi-
tional gas consumed in keeping the wa.x
liquid in a separate tank so the sedi-
ment would separate from the wax and
make clean cakes, 20 feet, or 320 feet in
all. Time of whole operation, extract-
ing and molding ready for market, 6j4
hours. The amount of clean A No. i
wax obtained, 70,14 pounds, all nicely
moulded and ready for market. Price
of gas $1.20 per thousand feet, with 20
per cent discount if paid before the
roth of each month. Cost of the fuel
for the whole operation, cash basis, 32
cents, or less than % cent per pound of
wax. Illuminating gas is the most ex-
pensive fuel of which I know. It is
about four times as expensive as natural
gas, and I suppose that wood or coal
would be cheaper in about the same
proportion, and that under ordinary
conditions, this extracting could have
been done at an expense of about 8
cents for fuel. Water, as we all know,
even hot water, is inexpensive. The fuel
item when extracting beeswa.x by the
improved methods is therefore scarcely
worth considering. Another point wor-
thy of note is that this slumgum from
the solar wax-extractor yielded a trifle
over 35 per cent of its weight in wax.

It should be borne in mind that, to
say the least, no more work and ex-
pense, and far less muss, is required
to do the extracting in this practically
perfect manner than is required to do
it by the use of such extractors and
methods as must necessarily leave sev-
eral per cent of the wax in the slum-
gum, and hence every pound so saved
by the better machine and process may
be figured as the saving of the same
at its full market value without any
allowance for the work and expense
of extracting, when comparisons are
made with the less-productive methods.

Again, let it be born in mind
that the number of pounds of wax pro-
duced per hour, or per day, is only one
indication of the value of a machine or
process, and it may indicate, when all
is considered, the entire absence of
value. If a machine will turn out 100
pounds of wax per day, and throw from
8 to 15 per cent out in the slumgum,
it is not so valuable as one that will
throw out one-eighth of that percent,

even though tlie pimluct, in the latter
case, be but 40 or 50 pounds per day. be-
cause the difference in the amount of
wax obtained will more than hire the
help for the difference in the time of
extracting.

And, further, it may be added that,
having produced thousands of pounds
of wax by this hot-water and hot-press
process, by re-extracting slumgum pur-
chased from other bee-keepers in a
wholesale way, and sold every pound
of it in large and small quantities
at fancy or highest market prices, and
never for less, to experts on the value
of the same, it is proper to state emphat-

ically thai the quality of llic "a'ax pro-
duced from this right kind of a hot-
water press is not inferior to that pro-
duced by the unheated press, or any
other wax-extractors knoivn to me.

The boiler of the Hershiser wax-
press is also admirably adapted to the
important use of liquefying honey in
5-gallon tin cans, the standard size,
accommodating 4 or 5 of them at one
time. It is also useful as an uncapping
can, and as a honey-press for pressing
honey out of cappings, and broken
combs. It, therefore, may be used for
three important purposes, besides its
use as a wa.x-extractnr boiler.

I^rthern

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Why the High Prices of Honey?

Some are asking why high prices pre-
vail more of late than was the custom
in past years. Editor Root, of Glean-
ings, already attributes it to the work
ot the new Pure Food Law — articles
of better ciuality demanding a better
price. I hardly think this is the main
reason. It must be the demand — in-
creased consumption — and, in addition
to this the past season, the short pro-
duction. Nearly all will admit that the
honey crop was bort over the entire
country, with a good demand at the
beginning of the season. Therefore, the
bulk of the crop was soon sold.

There is very little honey in Texas,
to my knowledge ; while the demand is
better than I have known it for years.
In our local market the price of honey
has just doubled. Nearly all other prod-
ucts are high in price. The whole country
is more prosperous just now than it
ever has been. There is an increased
deinand for all commodities; hence, the
high prices now prevailing.

to get some bees, and now is the time
to settle upon the number of colonies
best to begin with. Read a good bee-
book and a bee-paper or two. Several
will be better, as one can not expect
to get as much out of one. Then e.x-
pect to learn something about the bees
every day.

Gathering Light Honey a Trait
in Bees

How to Start with Bees

It is the man who thinks he knows
all about bees, and begins with 200 or
300 colonies the first pop, who will be
saying a year or two later, "Bees are
the biggest nuisance on the face of the
earth. No one ever made anything out
of them." We have seen several do
this "trick," even after we had dis-
couraged them all we could ; but some
people are so "smart." until they get
burned. Therefore, be careful lest you
do the same thing.

A start should be made with a few
colonies, and the increase be made as
means and experience permit. The sea-
son is approaching when many will want

The following from J. E. Chambers,
of Vigo, Tex., is of much interest to me :

FRiEun Scholl:— Did you ever observe
that duriog a honey-flow from two sources —
one dark and the other light — the bees gathei-
very differently, some gathering all light
honey, and other colonies gathering all dark.
During the sumac flow here I Itept a close
watch on all of my colonies, and found that
some did not work on the sage or dark honey-
plants at all, but instead brought in the white
honey. I do not know, but I think that this
trait is worth a good bit to me. I will rear
some queens from those colonies that worked
so strong on the sumac while the others were
getting sage, and see if this trait is hereditary
or not. However, I doubt it such traits are
always transmissible, even though largely
hereditary. But if measurably so, I think I
have found an item of value to me, for I often
have a good crop ot white honey spoiled by
the addition ot a little dark honey during a
double flow, and, of course, to such there
would be no special value in working for
such bees. J. E. Chambers.

This calls to mind an experience I
had in the fall of 1905. while extract-
ing honey at one of our out-yards on
the Brazos River Valley plantations.
The bees were gathering honey from
cotton, mainly, which yielded well, and.
at the same lime, the elms — Vlinus alata
— were also yielding abundant nectar,
The surplus honey that was being taken
off was from the cotton, and very light
in color. The bees were still bringing
in honey from this same source — of light

Jan. 31, 1907

American l^ee Journal]

lioiK'v. That from ihc L-lin;. was dark
amber, and strong-llavored. .\ notice-
able f.-iet was that, altliougb eertain
colonies wbieh were apparently ot the
same strength, and alike in oilier con-
ditions, they had different supers of
honey. While some of the supers were
Idled with nice, white combs through-
nut, others would be filled with combs
partly discolored by the dark elm hoiie.\ .
while still others would contain nearly
;dl dark honey-combs. The product was
.ill bulk honey, but then supers with the
dark Iioiicv had to be extracted.

Just why some colonies should have
stored much more of the dark honey
ih.in others, some of which stored none
of It at all, 1 can not say. It is an im-
portant question, however, tor the wdiite
comb-honey producer.

Pure Food Law for Bee-Keepers

A reputation for honest goods and
honest dealing is bound to bring success ;
especially since the Pure Food Law has
been set to work. The honest bee-keep-
er should now be able to make an
honest living, and he can do it if he
sells honest products, for, with the adul-
terated stuff out of the way, the pure
article will find ready sale at good
prices. This is as it should be.

The bee-keeping fraternity has suf-
fered long enough — the industry has
been hampered. The honest bee-keeper
has been robbed of the profits he could
have made from his product, and the
consumers, of their money, wdiich they
paid for the stuff not worth it. by the
greedy "manufacturers" of the vile, adul-
treated goods, wdiich were forced upon
the innocent public under some catchy
name. Times have changed, and every-
thing must be wdiat it should be, and
I have no fear that the honest bee-
keepers will have any trouble to come
up to this.

Weight of Eastern and South-
western Honey

The Arizona Experiment Station, in
one of its circulars, "Practical Hints to
Farmers," says in comparing samples of
native honeys with those from the East :

"The average moisture, 16.85 percent,
is seen to be markedly less than that
in Eastern honeys, averaging in two in-
stances ig.39 and 18.50 percent. This
results from the exposure of South-
western honeys before and during ex-
traction to the exceedingly dry air of
this region. With our excessive heat
and dryness, evaporation quickly con-
centrates the honeys to a condition of
ripeness which insures keeping, also con-
siderably increasing the weight per gal-
lon. Eastern honey usually weighs
about 58 pounds in a 5-gailon can;
while the Arizona article weighs ordi-
narily from 60 to 62 pounds."

The San Antonio Convention Pic-

tu "^ IS a KOuU ODc. It, shows over 100 of
tho-e in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, fur only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or lb cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year — both for only SI. 40. Send all orders to
the Bee .Journal office.

.Convention
If Proceedings

^AV^-«^ ^-^ -

Report of the Michigan State
Convention

REPORTED BY R. V. HoLTEKMANX

The opening session of the above As-
sociation took place at 8 p. m., Dec. 25,
igo6, in the parlors of the Northern
Hotel, at Big Rapids, Mich., with Presi-
dent W. Z, Hutchinson in the chair.

"HONEV PoSSlIllLITIES OF NORTHERN

Michigan."

This was by S. D, Chapman, Mance-
lona, and was the first topic on the pro-
gram. Mr. Chttpman is in a red-rasp-
berry section, and said there were more
bees there now than in any other part of
Michigan, He began bee-keeping up
there in iSSi, and had not known a
complete honey crop failure, raspberry
being his only source until the year 1895,
caused by 16 inches of snow on May
16 of that \'ear, the thermometer drop-
ping to II degrees above zero, and kill-
ing everything. They had been able to
haul saw-logs on the snow that fell
for 3 days after. During the past sea-
son (1906) the frost had also used them
up pretty badly, by a frost Ma}- 20 ;
however, they had secured a partial crop
of raspberry honey. He had nearly 400
colonies of bees, and, one year with an-
other, he could secure about 100 pounds
of surplus honey to the colony. The
honey-How generally began June I, and
closed from July 18 to July 20. The
bulk of the raspberry honey came in
during the afternoon from I to 4 o'clock.
During that time he had known a colony
in an 8-frame hive to gain 17 pounds,
or a total gain for that day being 21
pounds.

When ]\Ir. Ch;ipman first began bee-
keeping in Northern Michigan, there was
no fall honey-riow whatever, but buck-
wdieat and goldenrod were now begin-
ning to give some surplus honey. Su-
mac was also coining in, and where it
existed in sufficient quantity, coming
in at the close of raspberry, it prolonged
the light-flow by a period of 10 days.
Both the raspberry and sumac honey
.gave a honey with good body, color and
flavor. K.aspberr>-, when it yielded well,
could beat basswood at its best, for
rapidity with which the bees could gath-
er it. He had experience in first-class
basswood localitie-.

Mr. Chapman. 111 speaking of his ex-
perience with Carniolan bees as com-
pared with Italian for wintering, stated
that the Carniolan ^ were much better
winterers than the Italians.

Wkdnesday Morning Session.

The session opened with Association
business, a goodlv number being present.

Elmore M. Hunt, the Secretary-Treas-
urer, showed a very satisfactory report.
From a cash deficit, with his energy he
had worked until this year there was a
balance on hand.
The National for Detroit in 1907.

Upon resolution by Messrs. Geo. E.
Hilton, Vice-President, and L. A. Aspin-
wall, it was decided to join the National
Bee-Keepers' Association in a body, so
that during the present year everyone
becoming a member of the State Asso-
ciation will also be a member of the
National.

The same gentlemen then brought for-
ward the matter of inviting the National
to have its next meeting in Detroit. It
was urged that a good turnout would be
assured in Detroit on account of rail-
way facilities from all points, includ-
ing Canada. R. F. Holtermann. of On-
tario, said he felt safe on behalf of
Canadians to add to the invitation lor
the convention to be held at Detroit.
The convention held so close to the
Canadian border would prove a strong
temptation to Canadians, and in all prob-
ability, a turnout of some 50 could be
depeiided on from that country. .\
standing vote being taken, the invita-
tion to the National was unanimous.

Publishing a Hoxev-Pamphlet.

The matter of publishing a pamphlet
with a list of members of the Associa-
tion and the quantity of comb and e.x-
tracted honey they had for sale, also
pointing out the value of honey as a
food, and how to liquefy it, was dis-
cussed ; also the number to be published.
Some objected to distributing a pam-
phlet by themselves, wdiich would give
to prospective customers the name and
address of rival producers. It was sug-
gested by Mr. Holtermann that the Na-
tional Association could best get out a
pamphlet setting forth the value of
honey, how to judge the quality, how-
to store and liquefy it. That organiza-
tion could get out the largest number
and therefore supply it the cheapest,
and such a pamphlet should be supplied
at about cost price to other associations
in afiiliation, or to individuals wdio were
members, A leaflet with names and ad-
dresses giving amount of honey each
member had for sale could be sent out
and supplied by the State organization.
It was decided to issue a pamphlet simi-
lar to last year for the special benefit
of members.

The election of officers resulted as fol-
lows : President, W. Z. Hutchinson ;
Vice-President, Geo. E, Hilton : Secre-
tary-Treasurer. Elmore M. Hunt — al!
officers being re-elected. They also re-
ceived a vote of thanks for the hard
work wdiich had been done. Mr. Hunt.

Jan. 31, 1907

American ^ee Journal

the Secretary, being specially singled
out for nis efficient efforts.

"The Non-Swarming Hive."

!Mr. L. A. Aspinwall gave an address
on this subject which was listened to
with very keen interest. He thought he
would better confine himself to the ad-
vantages of such a hive, but many ques-
tions had to be answered as to the con-
struction of the hive, and so he briefly
described its construction, saying that
the principle was to prevent crowding
of the bees by means of slatted separa-
tors between the combs.

Turning then to the advantages, in
an invention of merit the reality gen-
erally ran ahead of the expectation of
the inventor, he said ; this had been the
case with the steam engine, telegraph,
telephone, and many revolutionary in-
ventions, and in the invention of the
non-swarming hive certain things had
come to pass least looked for. Taking
an equal number of bees in the 8 or
10 frame Langstroth hive as ordinarily
made, and the same in a non-swarmer,
and the latter woula produce double
the amount of honey. Why? Put a
dozen men in a stone-quarry where they
were constantly elbowing one another
and they would do much less work than
when they did not interfere with each
-other. He had been testing this hive
for years, and in every test the non-
swarmer had given more than double
the surplus the 8-frame ordinary hive
had given.

Another feature : Queen-e.xcluding
zinc need not be used with this new hive.
Out of 3000 sections taken this year,
only 2 showed any signs that the queen
liad been in the super. Why? The
queen will not venture into the super
until she is crowded out of the brood-
chamber. The queen-excluder then of-
fered no obstruction to the bees, and
free access to every part of the hive was
what is needed for a non-swarmer. Next,
he used drone and worker foundation
in the sections; by putting drone foun-
dation in the central sections, he pre-
vented the bees from storing pollen in
the sections. Each section-super con-
tained 45 sections. He was compelled
to do this because the warm currents
of air rushing mto the super on account
of the slatted separators between the
trood-combs. the bees would rush into
the supers more rapidly; but until he
used the drone-comb, tliere was trouble
on account of pollen. This had been
overcome. In reply to two questions,
he said the slatted separators were used
only during the honey-flow, and that
he preferred for market and use to have
drone section-comb.

Mr. Fred Muth. of Ohio, thought that
honev in drone-comb would be objec-
tionable upon the market.

Another member present pointed out
that sections with drone-comb at pres-
ent generally had worker-comb started,
and from that it was changed to drone.
A uniformly built drone-comb would not
have the objection that the mixture
would have.

In handling the frames the end-lugs
■of the frames were so far awav from
the bees that they were never in the way
when handling ; the frames have the slat-
ted system on the ends, and the outer

piece was close-end, but to this other
piece the bees did not get, and none
would be crushed in rapid manipulation.
In handling this hive there would be
no propolis on the fingers.

The bees from 15 to 18 days old
largely rule the hive. They take the
honey from the field-bees and store it
in the cells. The bees of this age are
also largely the wax-secreters.

He could operate with the same out-
lay of labor more than double the num-
ber of colonies. He could get more than
double the quantity of honey. No one
in his neighborhood had averaged more
than30pounds per colony; he had aver-
aged luJ pounds to the colony.

Outdoor Wintering of Bees.

On this subject Vice-President Geo. E.
Hilton said that he combined bee-keep-
ing with other lines of business. Much
of bee-keeping had also locality to con-
sider. He wintered his bees outside,
and had tried below and above ground,
single and double walled hives, and
situated as he now was, he was obliged
to winter them above ground and out-
doors, and he had been obliged to use
double- walk d hive;. He fouuj doubli-
walled hives had m,r.iy virtues lor either
summer or winter. Where he lived,
they were subject to sudden change-;
in spring and fall. During intensely hot
weather he coi'id keep the bees in the
supers. People generally wanted to
know how to winter bees better ; two or
three persons within the sound ot his
voice had mastered the problem and
wintered bees inside.

Plenty of stores were wanted ; at-
mospheric conditions alone were not

enough. Quality, quantity, right stores
in the right place, were what was want-
ed. If the bees had plenty of stores in
the fall and few v.tcan: cells, they would
be lejs apt to gather fruit-juices (sweet
or sour), or honey-dew; and if there
were plenty of sealed stores, in any case
the percentage of injurious stores would
not be great enough to injure the bees.

To save work, when the winter cush-
ions came off, the supers went on, and
vice versa — one wheelbarrow to a. load
of each, each trip. For wintering he
folded the enamel cloth half back, ex-
posing the rear half of the combs and
bees. Over these *he placed a piece of
burlap which allowed the passage of
moisture, and above this he placed the
cushion for the winter. The cushion
had a 4-inch rim, cloth at the top and
bottom, and wheat-chaff or cut straw
to fill the space between. Oat-chaff, or
straw, was more liable to mold. He
liked these cushions. They kept their
shape, piled nicely in the summer, and
could be kept free from mice. A gable-
end cover with a hole in each end al-
lowed the moisture to pass from the hive
as it was carried above the cushion from
the cluster below, by a slight circula-
tion of air. We must avoid the appear-
ance of moisture in the hive. In his
locality the temperature fell to 20 de-
grees below zero. He allowed snow to
remain as it fell on and about the hive,
only removing it as the temperature be-
came high enough for the bees to fly.

A discussion followed, some thinking
that for one who would give his bees
care and attention, a single-walled hive
would be better.

(Continued next week.)

Conducted by E. L. Bier, Markham, Ont.

Foreign Honey in Canada

Possibly some might think, on read-
ing that item ou page 32, relative to
prices of honey in Ontario, that now
would be a good time for foreign honey
to gain a foothold in our markets. I
have a brother working with one of
the largest baking concerns in Canada,
and he informs me that they are im-
porting honey, but no great quantity,
from Cuba and Jamaica. Even at
present prices they prefer the Cana-
dian product, if they can only get it.

Owing to the tariff wall that Uncle
Sam and Johnny Canuck have seen fit
to erect between the two countries,
there is a duty of 3 cents a pound on
all honey coming into Canada from the
United States. Cuban honey has to
pay the same, but Jamaica, under the
preferential tariff, pays 2 cents per

pound. Considering a tax like this,
added to the freight over such a long
distance, it is surprising to know that
Cuban honey has been laid down in
Toronto for 7 cents. Surely, there can
not be much in it for the producer in
Cuba at that figure. I believe the
figure quoted is a little lower than or-
dinarily, but I have positive knowledge
of Cuban honey being sold in Toronto
for 7 cents, 3 or 4 years ago.

Bee-Keeping-— Our
Calling

Queer"

In glancing over the " patent in-
sides " of one of our local papers a
short time ago, I noticed an item under
the caption, " Some queer callings that
have journals devoted to their inter-
ests.' Among the list submitted was

Jan. 31, 1907

Amc»ricai "^ee Journal

bee-keeping-, the writerr of the article
assuring us that " actually S or 6 papers
were published in America whose in-
terests were devoted to this peculiar
calling."

It is not to be wondered at that bee-
keeping should be regarded with such
an air of mystery by the masses, when
such stuflf as the foregoing is scattered
broadcast over the land ; and not with-
standing all the admitted advances
made in the last 20 years in the matter
■of dissemination of apicultural litera-
ture, to my mind there is no doubt
but the general public are more igno-
rant of bee-keeping than of any other
calling.

I was forcibly reminded of this fact
one day last June, when coming-
through one of my neighboring vil-
lages with a few colonies of bees in a
wagon. Having occasion to stop at a
grocery store for a few minutes, I
found, on coming out, quite a crowd of
curious people surrounding the wagon
and viewing the bees which were clus-
tered to the screens, covering the space
provided over the hives. And of all
the funny questions " fired " at me rel-
ative to what those bees were doing !
And among the questioners were some
good farmers who knew all about rais-
ing well-bred cattle and horses.

After satisfying the crowd's curi-
osity to the best of my ability, and as
far as time would permit, I drove ofl'
rather amused, and at the same time
wondering if the greenest of green bee-
keepers would ask such ridiculous
questions of those same farmers, if
they had their cattle and horses on ex-
hibition.

Director Ferrier, Not "Fewer"

In the list of Directors of the Ontario
Bee-Keepers' Association (page 1036 —
1906) for District No. 2, there occurs a
typographical error. It should read
A. A. Ferrier, of Renfrew, instead of A.
A. Fewer, as given. Mr. F. is one of
Ontario's live, aggressive apiarists,
and we would not wish him to be
"fewer." but rather the tnore like him
the better.

Mixing Alsike With Red Clover
for Bees

A writer in Gleaningsthinks that we
would not need to try to get long-
tongued bees that would work on red
clover if farmers would mix more
alsike with their clover seed, when
seeding their meadows. His theory,
of course, is, that the bees in working
on the alsike and red clover blossoms
back and forth, by the process of pol-
lination, causes the red clover to par-
take more of the nature of the alsike,
which is, as we all know, one of the
very best honey-plants. He says :

"The bees will work strongly on the
alsike, and will carry the pollen from
the alsike to the red clover ; and if this
method is kept up for a few years the
red clover will make a good honey-
plant." This, in theory, sounds quite
plausible, but I am sorry to say that,
in common with many other of our pet
theories, it fails to work out in prac-
tise. For 25 years Markham and ad-

joining townshijj, have grown thou-
sands of acres of alsike for seed, and
clover meadows are generally well
mixed with alsike, which comes as a
voluntary crop. "I'et, to-day, red clover
is no better honey-plant with us than
it was 25 years ago.

Bee-Stings and Their Effects

Wm. W. Green deserves a medal (see
page 28). Any man who could, in the
" interest of science," keep cool under
the conditions he describes, must be
possessed of considerable stoicism, to
say the least. Any one who is not
affected much by beestings, or who
has never seen an acute case of bee-
sting poisoning, can hardly realize
what a serious matter it is.

Last season, while loading some bees
one evening, a small knot dropped out
of a bottom-board, allowing a few bees

to escape and crawl around. A young-
man, who was assisting me, was stung
by one on the throat. Although he
had only a few days before been stung
at different times with no ill effects,
yet this time the effect was terrible.
Inside of 5 minutes he was rolling on
the ground in agony, his face and
hands livid, and complaining of an
intolerable ilching all over his body.
We gave him some brandy, which hap-
pened to be in the farmers house, and
hustled him off to the doctor — a dis-
tance of 3 miles, which was not long in
being covered. Two hours after the
stinging the patient had about fully
recovered.

I have spoken to several M. D.'s, and
they all agree that aromatic spirits of
ammonia is the best stimulant to ad-
minister in case of bee-stings; and
from what I have seen of its use, I cer-
tainly think it should be in the home
of every beekeeper, to be on hand in
emergencies.

WT

Qur wji
'Bee - Keepind^J^

Conducted by Emma M. VVilsuN, Mareugu, iii.

The Baroness Burdett-Coutts

The death of the Baroness Burdett-
Coutts, Dec. 30, at the age of 92 years,
will be felt as a great loss by many,
among them British bee keepers. For
years she has been the honored head of
the British Bee-Keepers' Association,
and, notwithstanding her many activi-
ties, she has not failed to cheer this
Association on its onward course. To
her mortal remains has been given the
rare distinction of being deposited in
Westminster Abbey.

The following items regarding her
are condensed from the Chicago Rec-
ord-Herald :

With the death of Baroness Burdett-Coutts
there passes the greatest philanthropist
of England — a womaa whose charity was
world-wide, and whose life linlied a distant
past with the present day. for she was born
during the supremacy of Napoleon, and lived
under the reigns of live British sovereigns.
For three-score years she has been the most
remarkable feminine figure in the British
Isles. Coming into possession of a fortune
of $9,000,000 when she was 23 years of age,
she has, since then, expended $500,000 yearly
upon charities antl benevolences. In her
youth she refused the hand in marriage of
the son of Louis Philippe, of France, remain-
ing a spinster until iW, when she married her
poor American secretary, William Lehman
Ashmead Bartlett, then 30 years of age, and
by so doing forfeited the friendship of Queen
Victoria, who, in l^ri, had created her the
first baroness of her name.

A close personal f: lend of Charles Dickens,
she went slumming with him when that was
not a fashionable pursuit, and financed many
of his great reforms-

Kiog Edward, whic Prince of Wales, called

the Baroness "the second lady of the land,"
giving her the next position after his queen-
mother, Victoria.

Prime ministers, ambassadors, the greatest
writers and reformers of the day sought her
acquaintance and favor, while the queen and
crown prince attended her levees. No court
function was complete without the Baroness
Burdett-Coutts, while the homes of the poor
and needy knew her presence, and loved her
for her generosity.

In 1873 the Common Council of London
presented her with an address enclosed in a
golden casket bearing her name and arms, on
which were bas reliefs representing her acts
of mercy, " Feeding the Hungry," " Giving
Drink to the Thirsty," " Clothing the Naked,"
" Visiting Prisoners," "Lodging the Home-
less," "Visiting the Sicif," "Burying the
Dead."

She was honored in Scotland by being made
a " Free Woman" of Edinburgh. For her
deeds in Turkey, the Sultan gave her the star
of the order of the Medjidieh and the Grand
Cordon of the Shafakat, the Order of Mercy,
a distinction shared by few Christians, and
by no other woman.

Ireland was benetitted greatly by the gener-
osity of the Baroness. Immense sums of
money have been distributed from her gifts
to relieve destitution and want among the
Irish peasantry, and one of the most success-
ful of all the philanthropic enterprises was
her assistance of the Skibbereen fishermen
when famine stalked through the land.

The Baroness was the pioneer of reforma-
tories for women in Great Britain ; she pro-
vided funds for the topographical survey of
.Jerusalem, and she was a chief supporter of
the Destitute Children's Dinner Society, an
organization which provides 300,000 dinners
a year. A conservative estimate of the an-
nual donations which the Baroness made to
different charities during latter years would
place the figure at not less than S-j.OOO.OOO.
The distress of the Turks during the war

Jan. 31. 1907

American 3ee Journal

with Russia aroused the sympathy ot the
Baroness, and she employed Mr. Bartlett to
distribute .?150,000 among the needy in the
Sultan's dominions. There is a story to the
effect that she first met him while she was dis-
tributing prizes at a school io North London,
and that she afterward sent him to Oxford.
However that may be, she was satisfied with
his work in Turkey, and afterward married
him, to the surprise of all England, the rage
of Queen Victoria, and in the face of protests
from her relatives. Mr. Bartlett is not her
heir, the vast estate reverting to Mr. Money-
Coutts, but as the Baroness took care to set-
tle an annual income of .?3o0,000 on her hus-
band, which can not be reached during his
lifetime, he is not illy provided for. It is
quite certain that their marriage has been
happy, and it is known that Mr. Burdett-
Coutts is an able man, handicapped, perhaps,
because he married such a wealthy woman
when there was such a disparity between their
ages, but, nevertheless, a valuable member ot
Parliament, and a clean, honest gentleman,
whose investigation of military matters in
South Africa created a popular ferment, and
resulted in changes for the better in the
British army.

iVIore Misrepresentation of Comb
Honey

second place, has Dr. Kellogfg any
proof that bees can be induced to store
glucose ?

It is a matter for rejoicing that the
pure food laws will help to settle such
misrepresentations, for the people will
soon begin to have confidence that
nothing can be safely offered as honey
except the Simon-pure article.

After all, the thing is not as bad as
it might be. Even if people believe all
Dr. Kellogg says " is stated," your
own reputation for uprightness will
prevent them from believing tha.t your
honey is spurious. At least it is so in
this locality, for the belief that honey
is largely adulterated has made the
people more insistent that their honey
should be obtained from the apiaries
of men or women whom they believed
would not stoop to adulteration.

Dear Miss Wilson:— Allow me to call
your attention to an article written by .J. H.
Kellogg, M. D., in his " Home Hand-Book of
Domestic Hygiene and Rational Medicine,"
on "Adulterated and Artificial Honey." He
says that a large share of "strained" [ex-
tracted] honey is glucose, and that they have
examined specimens in which considerable
quantities of sulphuric acid were present, and
then winds up by saying :

" It is stated that another very ingenious
form of adulteration of honey has been quite
extensively practised. What is termed the
foundation of the comb is made of paraffin — a
wax-like substance made from petroleum.
This saves the bees much labor, as they have
but to build up the cells on the foundation
furnished them; then, to still further econo-
mize their time and labor, they are abund-
antly supplied with glucose in solution,
which they have but to transfer to the comb,
thus avoiding the trouble of gathering sweets
from distant fields. Of course, no transfor-
mation takes place in the artificial sugar, it
being simply transferred from the feeding-
vessel to the comb. Thus we have honey
which is wholly artificial, with the exception
of a portion ot the wax. This certainly caps
the climax of adulterations."

There were no less than 700 of these books
delivered in our neighborhood less than a
month ago, and 90,000, I believe, have been
published. Now, what do you say to this
statement of one who is taken as authority >.

I feel rather well acquainted with you
through the American Bee Journal, therefore
I take the liberty of writing to you.

We have about 225 colonies of bees at pres-
ent. Amelia Pettiorew.

N. Ogden, Utah, Jan. 2.

It is a sad thing that a man who can
wield so much influence should put
forth such erroneous and damaging
statements under cover of that mis-
chievous, though apparently innocent,
" It is stated." Vicious and damaging
statements can be made, which will be
taken for truth, while the " It is
stated " will be lost sight of.

"It is stated" — certainly, many a
lie is stated, but its being stated doesn't
make it true, and Dr. Kellogg ought to
have more intelligence than to aid in
the circulation of such malicious non-
sense without knowing what he is talk-
ing about.

In the first place, foundation of
paraffin can not be successfully used.
It stretches out of all shape. In the

Honey°Paste for the Hands

Honey-paste for whitening and softening
the hands; Rub together one pound of honey
and the yolks of Seggs; then gradually add
one pound of oil of sweet almonds, during
constant trituration ; work in 8 ounces of
blanched and ground bitter almonds, and per-
fume with 2 drams each ot attar of bergamot

and attar of cloves. This makes quite a large
amount. It would be better to experiment
with halt the portions. Red, rough hands
must be kept out of hot water as much as pos-
sible. When bathing use the very purest soap
you can find, and be sure to thoroughly dry
the surface of the hands.

The foregoing is by Mme. Qui Vive,
the dispenser of beauty formulas in
the Chicago Record-Herald. Even half
the amount of materials given may be
larger than some of the sisters may
care to use. One-eighth the amount is
easily figured out, and is as follows:
Two ounces of honey ; the yolk of 1
egg ; 2 ounces of oil of sweet almonds ;
1 ounce of blanched and ground bitter
almonds ; '+ dram each of attar of
bergamot and attar of cloves.

A friend of an economical turn of
mind suggests that it is entirely pos-
sible that all the hard work of soften-
ing and whitening may be done by the
first two ingredients ; and that the sis-
ters who are not interested in enrich-
ing the apothecary might not be far
out of the way to try beautifying their
hands by beating well together the
yolk of an egg for each 2 ounces of
hooey, anointing the hands therewith
before going to bed, and putting on a
pair of mittens.

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

The "Kiss" of the Kissing-Bog.

Isn't it rather remarkable. Prof.
Cook, that all the kissing-bugs should
be long-headed 7 Some at least of our
moralists would incline to have them
short-headed, and short-sighted, and
short of intelligence. However, " kiss "
in this case is merely bitter irony for
the awful stab which they are able to
give — sometimes on your face as they
crawl onto it from the " kiver " of your
couch. Claremont has had 3 victims
in 12 years, it seems. Page 1048.

Distance Bees Go for Nectar —
Locations for Apiaries

And Doolittle among the heretics,
too : Thinks it might do to keep 200
colonies in an average location, and
400 in a specially good one.

But there's no getting rid of the
mathematics that four times as many
hees can find pasture on a 4 mile range
as would equally harvest a 2mile
range. If our bees are working 4 miles,
and we think they are only working 2,
or if they are limiting themselves to 2
miles, and can be taught to work 4
profitably, we would better " sit up and
take notice." DooHttle's assertion
that, to the best of his observation and
belief, his bees worked profitably on
basswood 6 miles away, ought to count

for a good deal. One way to teach bees
to widen their circle of flight, is to
crowd them to it by overstocking the 2-
mile circle. I, too, think my bees have
worked profitably on basswood 4 or 5
miles away. And let us look once
more at the Doolittle evidences. With
SO colonies of Italians (the first in the
region) 3 miles away, and 300 colonies
of blacks much nearer by, the actual
count showed every 5th bee to be Ital-
ian, as they were working at the apple-
bloom. Pretty nearly a knock-down.
And at 4 miles, on red clover, the
actual count was 10 Italians to 4 blacks
— more or less disinclination of black
bees to work on red clover here coming
in. That there was a vast acreage of
red clover nearer to these Italians is
here the singular circumstance. Looks
as if they didnt care for the difference
between 2 miles and 4. (Spend the
time during flight evaporating the nec-
tar and so obviate any waste what-
ever?)

And he wants his ideal location to
slope to the southeast. Presuming the
prevailing summer wind is southwest
there, the same as in most places, I
think a southwest incline would serve
him best — flowers yielding honey much
more copiously where the wind is up
the slope. This, however, may be only

Jan. 31, 1907

American Hee Jonrnal

a notion of mine. Probably he was
figuring mainly on warmer mornin^js
and less torrid afternoons. Page 1048.

That Section-Ci.kaning Discussion.

I, too, was amused at the section-
cleaning confab. Some of us are ex-
pected to clean 960 sections in a day,
and some expected to clean % — with
2016 as mountain-top beacon to encour-
age us. The range from 92 to 201i>
certainly looks as though it ought to
be shortened up somehow. By the
way, my toes are getting pinched, too.
I indulged iu a fling at the T-super
because it lets the sections get propo-
lized on the bottom, with the inference
that cleaning must take longer. Yet,
as my favorite brood-frame does not
lend itself readily to wholesale scraping
pears like I haven't even a glimmer of
a chance to draw up to the T- super
workers — not even near enough to be
counted as an "also ran.'

The question, What is a clean sec-
tion ? has hardly been finally disposed
of — can not be by one person's prefer-
ence. I take off the propolis, but don't

try to take oil tlic stain which lies un-
der it. I largely ic-ep it off, but don't
try to take it off. As Miss Wilson uses
sandpaper, she evidently doesn't think
a section done till the outside flat sur-
faces are free from stain. I'll guess
she doesn't sandpaper the edges — where
my propolis lies. Some sections — even
some tolerably heavy ones — have half
an inside side exposed — pretty apt to
be stained and also punctured with
small dabs. Looks bad. Wonder if
any of the brethren tackle the job of
making these spots lily-white — and
how, in the process, they keep from
breaking the honey that lies so near.
Page 1049.

Beks Building Round Cells.

Before somebody slaps me about bees
never trying to build a round cell. I
would better follow the luminous ex
ample of Davy Crockett's coon and
" come down " — far enough to confess
that the mouth of a queen-cell, when it
is iu its contracted state, is round — and
that fact damages my whole remark
badly. Page 1051.

dreds of them— for In every colony with lay-
ing workers it isn't a single worker, but a
whole lot of them, at the miserable butiness—
but I never could tell which the laying work-
ers were, except onesingle laying worker thai
I caught in the act of laying.

' •*-«

:?eDd (,!uestioDS either to the oliice of the Amenoan bee -puurnai, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions "oy mail.

Uncapped Sections in Center of Super
-Age of Larvae for Queen-
Rearins;— Hive-Dummies-
Laying Workers

1. What causes bees to leave a few sections
of honey uncapped in the central part of a
super all tilled with honey, plenty of bees and
warm weather?

2. As a general rule, will bees, after remov-
ing their Cjueen, select a larva of the right
age to rear another J

3. Is there any way of placing dummies in
a hive in place of combs, and have just as
.good work done in the sections!

4. In appearance are laying workers differ-
ent from workers? New York.

Akswers. — 1. I don't know, and can only
guess. There's a difference in nectar, some
of it being ripened up more slowly than the
majority. It is just possible that when the
bees commenced work in the supers the cen-
tral sections were tilled with nectar of this
kind, or with honey that possibly tor some
other reason they were slow about sealing,
and then the rest of the super was flUed with
honey of a character to be promptly sealed.
Another possibility is that the central sections
were in someway objectionable, possibly from
having foundation or comb that had been
used before and left too long in the care of
the bees when not being filled, and so covered
to some extent with propolis. Still another
possibility is that there was brood in the cen-
tral sections; then after the brood hatched
out they were filled with honey which, of
course, would be later in being sealed.

2. I believe the general teaching is that
when bees become queenless they are in such
haste to rear a successor that they select lar-

va'of too great age to make good queens. I
am very sure that this is a libel on the intelli-
gence of the bees, and it is a marvel to me
that honest and intelligent men will go on
repeating this hoary error when a very little
investigation will show that it is an error. I
have proved it so hundreds of times. The
only sort of ground for such belief that I
know of, comes from the fact that bees are
not always satisfied with the number of cells
started at first, but will continue to start ad-
ditional cells perhaps a week after being made
queenless, when larvn- sufficiently young are
no longer present. If left to their own de-
vices, no harm ever comes from this, for these
late cells will be destroyed by the young
queen reared from the earlier brood. But if
you save all the queen-cells, giving them to
nuclei so as to have queens reared from them,
you will have some worthless queens.

It may be worth while to repeat briefly
what I have told in the book, " Forty Years
Among the Bees,'' about getting queen-cells
started. To a colony of best stock I give a
frame with one or two small starters of foun-
dation, and in perhaps 10 days, when the
frame is half filled or more with comb, eggs,
and brood up to sealed brood, I give it to a
queenless colony. I liave reared hundreds of
queens in this way, and never yet knew the
bees to start cells except around the outer
parts where there was only young brood.

3. If you put the dummies at either side,
the bees will make sluwer work over theiu. If
you put the dummies between the combs of
brood, it will not mal.e the same difference.
During the harvest time I have had 2 or 3
dummies in the broml-chamber (but no 2 to-
gether), and I could not see that it made any
trouble. But I nevei tried it a great deal.

4. Not a bit. I suppose I have seen hun-

Selling Bees to Farmers— T-Super
Questions

1. What effect does selling bees to farmers
have on the price of honey, considering that
the farmers and local stores buy most of the
comb honey produced! With such a practise
would bees get so numerous that there
would be demand for honey in the neighbor-
hood, or do you think the farmers so neglect
their bees, usually, that there would still be a
demand for some honey? As you are a comb-
honey producer, probably you can give some
advice about selling bees to the farmers of
the neighborhood.

2. How do you fix the ends of the T-supers
to make them as long as the hives, both top
and bottom ; Do you put 2 cleats or strips on
the end, top and bottom? If so, how wide,
or how do you lix it?

3. Are the thin strips of wood better Ihan
an extra set of tins at top of the sections? I
was under the impression that the tins were
better.

4. I think you spoke of driving the bent
staples in level with the wood. If I under-
stand it rightly, the T-tins are supported just
the thickness of the staples above the bottom
of the super. Am I right?

o. Do you use a follower in T-supers, or
only the plain sawed separators for the
springs to press against?

6. I have some 10-frame dovetailed hive-
bodies that are '4 inch wider than the stand-
ard, or 14'^' inches inside. Would you advise
' utting tliem down the '4 inch to prevent
thick combs at the sides of the hives, or do
you think the space left will allow the use of
a thin dummy? I had thought some of using
9 frames and a dummy part of the time if I
cut them down, or would you use one at each
side? I suppose the T-supers should be made
I4J4 inches inside. Then they would not
quite fit these bodies. I have not used any of
them yet. Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. If you have enough bees to
occupy the field, it is no benefit to you to
have bees within your territory owned by
others; and if you have not enough to occupy
the field, and care to keep more, it will prob-
ably be more to your advantage to own the
additional bees yourself than to have them
owned by others. Besides, there is the ob-
jection that slipshod bee-keepers will throw
upon the market honey in poor shape at a
low price, thus injuring your market. At the
same time, slipshod bee-keeping is likely to
run itself out. A bee-keeper should not ob-
ject to others keeping bees near him so long
as he has no thought of fully occupying the
field, and if he has the field occupied intelli-
gent farmers should have some respect for his
claim to the territory.

2. A single strip tacked on at the bottom of
the super is enough. No particular matter
about the width ; I generally use one an inch
wide or so.

8. The wood strips leave propolis only at
the corners of the sections, while T-tins on
top would invite lines of propolis at some dis-
tance from the corners. The wood is prob-
ably easier to put in place, and it holds the
sections square, while a T-tin on top would
allow a little variation. Yet these differences
do not amount to so very much.

4. The idea is to get the bottoms of the sec-
tions as nearly as possible on a level with the
bottom of the super, but in actual practise
that will vary, for in bending over and driv-
ing down the staple it will be sometimes em-
bedded into the wood.

5. A follower. The 1-16 separator would
hardly be stiff enough. Possibly it might be
an improvement instead of a single follower
on one side to have a thinner follower on each
side, but I'm not sure there would be room
for it.

6. If you want to reduce the width of the

Jan 31, 1907

American lee Journal

hive 3^ inch, wouldn't it be easier to tack a
piece I4 inch thick on one of the ioside walls
than to cut down the hive? But I wouldn't
bother about reducing that 34 inch. It will
be only 1-40 of an inch for each frame, and
you'll find that space taken up by bee-glue in
a little while. If you want to use 9 frames, a
thin dummy at each side would be all right.
A super '4 inch narrower than the hive would
work all right.

Don't worry about my being tired answer-
ing questions about the T-super.

Storing Pollen in Sections

The bees stored a great deal of pollen in the
sections last summer, which spoiled quite a
few pounds of honey that would have been
salable otherwise. What can I do to prevent
them from storing pollen in the sections?

Michigan.

Answeb. — I know of three things that will
encourage pollen and brood in sections. One
is to have the brood-chamber too small and
crowded. In that case the queen is likely to
go up and occupy the sections, pollen follow-
ing. A second is to have very little or no
drone-comb in the brood-chamber and small
starters in the sections. In that case the
bees will build more or less drone-comb in the
sections, the queen will go up for the sake of
laying in drone-cells, and pollen will follow
the brood. A third is to have shallow combs
in the brood-chamber. In that case there is
danger of pollen in sections even without any
brood in them. Evidently, to avoid pollen in
sections, we must avoid the three conditions
mentioned. I rarely have any trouble in that
way, and I use S-frame hives with frames 9'„
inches deep, and have the sections filled full
■with worker-foundation.

Size of Hives-Transferring— Long
Tongued Italians-Italianizing

Last spring I made a lOframe hive, and
June 16 I bought a swarm of hybrid bees for
$1.00 from an apiarist in this neighborhood.
The bees did nicely until Aug. 30, then they
cast a big swarm. I hived them back on the
old stand. I then extracted 3 gallons of
honey to give them more room, and they
went on with their work as if nothing had
happened. When I put them into the cellar,
Nov. 21, the wbole weight was 70 pounds, so
I think they have plenty of stores to carry
them through the winter.

Late last fall I bought from the same api-
arist 3 colonies in 8-frame hives at $3.00 per
colony. They were strong, and had plenty of
stores, so there is no reason why they should
not winter all right, and as I have a good
cellar. As the hives of those I bought are
poor, I will make new ones. 1 have been
thinking of making 12-frame hives, and run-
ning them for extracted honey only.

1. Would you advisemaking them 12-frame1
The apiarist here claims that the 12-frame is
the best.

2. When would it be best to transfer the bees
from the old hives into the new ones? Will
it be all right to do it in the spring when 1
take them out of the cellar, or should I wait
till later, when the weather is getting
warmer?

3. Will the so-called long-tongued Italian
bees gather honey from red clover?

4. As I would like to get some Italian bees,
how would you idvise me to do it? Should
I send for queens and introduce them? If so,
when would be the best time to do this? Or,
should I buy some nuclei and rear them that
way? Wisconsin.

Answers.— 1. Yes, if run for extracted
honey only, 12 Langstroth frames will be none
too large. The Dadants are among the most
successful producers of extracted honey, and
their hives are fully as large in capacity as 12
Langstroth frames.

2. It depends a little upon circumstances.
It you transfer from a frame of one size to a
frame of another size, so that there will be

little to do on the part of the bees in che way
of building or mending, you can do the work
early, on any day when it is warm enough for
bees to be flying briskly all day. If there is
much building or jiaiching to do, better wait
till fruit-bloom. Perhaps you may do still
better to wait till the bees swarm, hiving the
swarm in the kind of hive desired, and then
transferring 3 weeks later, when all the
worker-brood will have emerged.

3. I'm afraid not all of them. There are
strains that will be better than others on red
clover, and there are also times when red
clover is in such con»Ution, either by having
its corollas unusually full or by having them
shorter than usual, when even black bees
will work on it. So you see it's a little hard
to be very exact and definite about the matter.

4. Probably it will be as well for you to
get one or more queens. It will cost less.

lepoffs and
^ICKpei^ience$

Weathep Mild and Rainy

The weather has been very mild and
rainy here since the last days of De-
cember. I doubled my 133 colonies of
bees up (or down) to 108 for winter, fed
until all hives were rather hard to lift,
and believe that all will come through
to the next harvest in STOod condition.
Edwin Bevins.

Leon, Iowa, Jan. 7.

Sweet Clover Honey Called Alfalfa

I saw an advertisement in a paper
the other day of alfalfa honey. That
honey came from Emery County, and
it was sweet clover honey. There is a
great difference in sweet clover honey
in Utah, just the same as with fruit.
The flavor depends upon the kind of
soil the article grows on. It seems the
best and clearest honey comes from
clover that is grown on heavy and
mineral clay or sand land, gravelly or
black soil not being so good.

I have 81 colonies of bees, and last
year was my first experience with
them. I like the study better than any
thing else I ever worked at, and I have
worked for myself 24 years. I expect
to increase my bees to 150 colonies next
season. I have one of the best pastures
in the State, with willows, sweet clo-
ver, alfalfa, and wild flowers in early
spring ; alfalfa and sweet clover from
July 1. My bees have at least 300 acres
of clover and alfalfa within 2 miles.
If you want any more information
about this country, I will be at your
service. C. N. Shiner.

Emery Co., Utah, Jan. 1.

Very Poor Crop in 1906

We have had a poor season here in
the northeastern part of Wisconsin.
The crop turned out very poor for 1906.
I started out with 65 colonies, but got
only 1500 pounds of honey. Bees in
the spring didn't seem to build up so
fast as they ought to. It looked as if
they had brood enough, but the old bees
died off too fast till in June, and when
we were looking for honey from clover,
which is our main flow for surplus

honey, drouth set in, and it got so dry
and the result was — no honey. Sep-
tember 12 I went to the Manitowoc
County Fair, where some of the mem-
bers of our Association had some ex-
hibits. On Oct. 3, 1906, the Northeast
Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Association
held its annual convention in Mishi-
cott. Wis., and members there reported
the crop very small. After coming
home from the convention, we took all
the supers off the hives which were
mostly empty, so no fall honey to
bother with. Then we got our bees
ready for another winter. We passed
the summer and fall living in hopes
for 1907 to prov.e a better year for
honey. Our winter so far is mild. Only
two mornings it has shown two de-
grees below zero, but no snow, which
may cause the clover to be winter-
killed. We will wait for next summer
to furnish proof. C. H. VoiGT.

Tisch Mills, Wis., Jan. 17.

Many Colonies Needed Feeding

The bee-business has been a failure
in this county. A good many colonies
of bees were starved out before fall.
There will be a good many empty hives
by spring, unless there was a good deal
of feeding last fall. I had to feed most
of my bees. A few of my best Italian
bees had a little surplus honey

Anderson York.

Bloomfield, Iowa, Jan. 4.

What is Leading Factor In Cause of
Swarming ?

Is it zinc excluder or extra room that
is the leading factor in the so-called
methods of non-swarming :>

If I rightly understand, the success
in non-swarming is invariably con-
spicuous when the excluder is used in
connection with excess or abundant
empty combs or foundation.

It would be pleasant, if not profita-
ble, to know which of the two is re-
sponsible— the zinc or the combs.

I would like to learn if any one has
made a success of non-swarming in lO-
frame Langstroth hives without zinc,
or even with zinc. All the experiments,
that have come to me in definite form
have been made with S-frame hives,
and colonies in such hives have been
regarded as more likely to swarm than
larger sized. I wonder if a great many
things are not taken for granted.

T. F. Bingham.

Farwell, Mich., Jan. 3.

FavoFS 2-Pound Sections

On page 48, R. E. Merrill writes on
the subject of the size of sections, and
it just suits me. I had thought of it a
good deal before. I think it would be
much better for the bee-keeper, and
much cheaper, with a 2-pound section.
I would be willing to try 1000 this year
if I could get them. I know I could
produce comb honey cheaper in a 2-
pound section. It would take less
comb foundation, and we could put it
in a 2-pound section as quickly as in a
one-pound. I sell a great deal of honey
at home at 15 cents a section, or 2 for
25 cents, and they will take the 2 al-
most every time. I have always used
the 4)4x4'4XlJs bee-way section. L
have kept bees for over 20 years. I hadi

Jan. 31,1907

American ^ee Journal

thouf^ht of the subject a good deal be-
fore, but did not mention it. Mr. Mer-
rill's article tells my mind exactly. I
think all bee-keepers should consider
the matter as to the expense of pro-
ducing- comb honey in 2 pound sections
instead of one-pound, as it would be a
great boon to us. I do not know
whether the manufacturers of sections
would be against us or not, as it would
take fewer sections and less founda-
tion, and a good deal less work for the
bee-keeper. I know I can make the
change in my supers and other things
the first year, and still be ahead some.
Joseph Kichahd.
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 19.

[Any of the section manufactur-
ers will make 2pound sections if or-
dered ahead of the rush season — say
any time before May 1. — Editor.]

Poorest Season In Over 30 Years

The honey season of 1906 was the
poorest since I have been in the busi-
ness, now upwards of 30 years. I got
absolutely no surplus honey. In fact,
I had to spend about $150 for feed
for my bees. But I have kept every-
thing in good shape, and I will be
ready for a crop when it comes. This
is the first entire failure that I have
had in my long experience. In 1903 I
made $2C00 clear profit out of my bees.
In 1904 I made S1200. In 1905 I made
$800. In 1906, nothing. The average
per year for the 4 years, SIOOO. Not so
bad after all, when you consider that
those 4 years include the only entire
honey-failure that I have had in more
than 30 years ; and also when you con-
sider all the other irons I have in the
fire, besides. E. J. Baxter.

Nauvoo, 111.

Bees May Have European Foul Brood

I have not been keeping bees for a
number of years, but I intend to have
some again if I can make a deal for ISO
colonies of Italians that are on the
place where I live. They seem to have
plenty of honey for winter, but are af-
fected with what is called " black
brood' — something similar to foul
brood — so they tell me here. I have
not opened any of the hives to see the
condition they really are in. I moved
into this valley only a short time ago,
and, from appearances, it ought to be
a fine locality for bees, since there is
an abundance of sweet clover and al-
falfa, with plenty of willow and fruit-
bloom to give the bees an early start.
But from what I can learn, the honey
crops of last year and the year before
were pretty short ones. I am told,
however, that bees used to do very well
here. The difficulty might result from
the condition the bees are in, since
they told me the young bees died in the
comb, which, if a fact, would keep the
colonies weak ; so if there were ever so
many blossoms in the field there would
not be enough bees to gather the nec-
tar, hence a short crop would result. I
will know more about the matter and
conditions later. Jacob Wirth.

Montrose Co., Colo., Jan. 16.

[It is unfortunate that Mr. Wirth has
not been getting the American Bee
Journal the past year or two, as we

have had so much in it about black or
European foul brood, and other brood-
diseases. However, we are sending
him a copy of something containing
the information he wants. We are al-
ways glad to help out any bee-keeper,
whether he reads the American ]5ee
Journal or not, but, of course, we have
not room to repeat so much as is some-
times requested. When he was a bee-
keeper in Illinois, Mr. Wirth read the
American Bee Journal for years. We
hope he may soon be a regular sub-
scriber again. — Editor.]

Peculiar Odor of Aster Honey

The year 190i) was a rather poor one
for bee-keepers in this section. I had
37 colonies, spring count, increased to

42, and got 100 pounds of comb honey
and 900 extracted. The only sections
of comb honey I got last year were the
unfinished -iections left over from the
previous season (1905), which I used for
"bait sections," and the rest of the
sections in the super were not touched
except to daub on propolis and gnaw
the foundation. I would not have had
any extracted honey if it had not been
for a supply of extracting,combs which
I put away carefully each fall for the
next year's use. We had a fall llow
that filled the hives with honey for
winter stores, and gave a few gallons
of extracted honey. This fall flow was
from wild asters, and is of good color
and weight, but rather strong for table
use. It also granulates very quickly.
When the bees are gathering this aster
honey, the hives give off a rank and
somewhat sickening odor, which can
be detected for quite a distance away.

American bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnife
Gold Fountain Pen

AH

for

$3.00

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELSEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(fJame and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side. J

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. Ic is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife?— In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but il the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in ease of death, your relatives will at once
be nolified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year— both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of lliis pen say that it you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler.

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

B^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months
tor 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all ordeT-a to

Drone

71 Size
it and the

(1.3 copies^

GEORGE W. YORK fi CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

Jan. 31, 1907

American Me Journalj

When an apiary contains 40 or SO
strong colonies of bees, and the aster
honey is coming in rapidly, the odor
from the hives full of raw nectar can
be detected a hundred yards from the
apiary, if the atmosphere is in the
proper condition. This odor disappears
as the honey ripens and the flow
ceases, and when the honey is extracted
and exposed to the air a few days it
nearly all disappears ; but the strong
taste never entirely disappears. It is
as strong as the flavor of basswood or
linden honey, and not nearly so pleas-
ant. The only way that I can describe
the flavor of this aster honey is that it
has a somewhat sickening taste, es-
pecially when first extracted.

I see articles in the American Bee
Journal, and in other bee-papers, on
home-made hives, and as I make nearly
all my own hives I sometimes feel
tempted to " butt in " and give some
of my experience in hive-making. I
will write a short article on that sub-
ject soon. D. E. Andrews.

Bloomington, Ind.

seems to be wintering fine, so far, but
why should it not .' We have had no
cold weather to spe:ik of yet.

I/. W. Elmore.
Fairfield, Iowa, Jan. 3.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Indiana.— There will be a meeting of In-
diana hee-l<eepers at the State House, room
12, Wednesday, Feb. 6, 1907. There will be
a morning session at 10 o'clock and also an
afternoon session. The united efforts of
those interested are urgently requested and it
is planned to reorganize our State Associa-
tion. It is expected that some very import-
ant business will come up at this meeting,
the most important being an effort to secure
a Foul Brood Law for this State. I hope yuu
will arrange to be with us on that date, and
at the morning session. In case you tind it
impossible to attend the meeting I wish to
urge the importance of having you use your
influence in securing the much-needed Foul
Brood Law, Walter S. Poudeb.

Indianapolis, Ind.

Honey-Dew on Pine-Trees

We are having a real flow of water-
white honey-dew on the pine here in
Polk county. It has been on now 2
weeks. Bees in general are in bad con-
dition here. Luther Prbsswood.

Reliance, Tenn., Jan. 18.

Rather Short Honey Crop

The honey crop was rather short last
season compared with previous years,
but I am living in hopes of a better
season coming soon. Our white clover

Wisconsin.— The annual meeting of the
Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held in the Court House, at Madison,
Wednesday and Thursday, Feb. 6 and ~, 1907.
Reduced rates on all railroads, but if you can-
not obtain them, ask your agent for full fare
receipt.

Every person may become a member,
for one year, by the payment of $1.00,
which will also make him a member of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, which
alone costs SI. 00; and every member of the
National, not a member of the State, should
pay his dues to the State Secretary, and for
the same money, become a member of both.
Ladies may becoma members by the payment
of 50 cents for National dues. Kindly make
remittance for membership dues before the
meeting, to the undersigned.

Augusta, Wis. Gus Dittmer, Sec.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr, Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCRIPTION.-The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-Krade malleable iron, much like wrnught iron,
SM incbes lune. Ttie middle part Is 1 1-16 inches wide and l-il thick. The sma ler end is m inches lonn. k-
inch wide, and 7-32 thick, entlinE like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc.. as it does not mar ine wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: •' Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. '., 190*, hi
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
flOO; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool— both
for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

A Word To Our Readers.

Those of our readers who expect to purchase
a vehicle of any kiml in tl.e m?ar future should
pay particular attention to the advertising of the
Oliio Carriage Manufacturing Company which
aj^pears in this issue.
The Ohio Carriage
Manufacturing
Company are old
and well-known ad-
vertisers, and have
built up an immense
business on their
full line ot Split
Hickory Vehicles.
They manufacture
every style of Ve-
hicle, anil can sup-
ply the needs of the
most discriminating
buyer. They also
make a full line of
Harness, and can
furnish the best
there is in that line.

This Company has earned a wide reputation
for fair and liberal treatment of all its customers
Hndhas succeeded in making SPLIT HICKORY
VEHICLES the best-known and best-liked Ve-
liicles on the market.

Mr. H. C. Phelps, the President of the Ohio
Carriage Manufacturing Company, is a splendid
typeof the American business man. and makes
a point of keeping in close personal touch with
each individual buyer of Split Hickory Vehicles.
He is making a particularly attractive offer at
the present time — one that cannot fail to inter-
est the most particular purchaser. He is also
offering to send FREE; to anyone who asks for it
his Big Catalogue of Split Hirkory Vehicles— and
we strongly recommeiiil anyimewho is thinking
of buying a vehicle of any kind in the near future
to write for this book. It contains a lot of infor-
mation valuable to the prospective purchaser.

Some idea of the
size and complete-
ness of this cata-
' 'gue can be gained
by the lact that it
brings right into
the home
iiF-i ,, .^ of the

^ v^^yak. ^^■H.^dtiR^^^. I / x^ buyer —
where
\ he may
[ire -
fully se-
lect at
his leis-
ure— descriptions and illusti-ations of a line of
Vehicles equal to the stock carried by ten ordi-
nary I'etail buggy dealers. If you are interested
in Vehicles of any kind, this Big Book will be of
immense value to you

A Postal Card addressed to H. C. Phelps,
President Ohio Carriage Manufacturing Com
pany. Station 322, Cincinnati, Ohio, will bring it
to you, Free. You should not fail to write for it

" Songs of Beedoni," — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music— all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee .Journal one year —
both for SI. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Oiii* W^ood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address oflice of the American Bee Journal.

Jan. 31, 1907

99

American Bee Journal

^^4s^Il

A GREAT INPROYENENT

will be found in

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
for 19D7

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Hoc-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1,00.

Send for sample coiiy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SLPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest r)uality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.]

Chicago, Dec. 7.— There is the usual dullness
In the honey-trade at this dale owing' to most
of the retailers having- stocked up sufficiently
to carry them over the holidays; but the stocks
in the hands of the trade g-enerally are below
the normal; hence prices are firm at 15(al6c for
No. 1 to fancy while comb, with off grades at
l@2c less; amber grades dull at IC^Uc. Ex-
tracted white, firm at Sc for clover and bass-
wood; ambers, 6H<S'7Mc per pound. Beeswax,
30c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Jan. 25— The receipts of comb
honey have been more liberal during the last
week or two, and the demand light, market
weaker. The market Is practically bare of ex-
tracted, and there is quite a little inquiry. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sec. cases, $3.10;
No. 2, $2.75; amber, $2.50, Extracted, white,
VHSSc; amber, o5^@7c. Beeswax, 27c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@lSc; am-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 7J4@8 c;
light amber, 6H@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from lS@16c f^r fancy white; 13('i'14c for No. 1;
I2c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di*-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@i2c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8J^c; light amber, 754c; am
ber, 6ii@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6Hc. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswajc firm and steady at 31c.
Hildrbth & Sroblken.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1907 now on band.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FRC

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

SAVE MONET BUTIRG FROM ME.

A Special Discount on Early Drders.

QUEENS

Let me

booli

Order for

ItA.^S, and CAlCASIAl^iS

For prices, refer to ray catalog.

bred in separate apiaries,
L,OtVS, CAICmU-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denver, Jan. 5.— There is practically no
honey left in the hands of producers in this
State, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply the home trade until spring. We
quote strictly No. I white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, at $3.20; No. 1 light amber, $3; and good
No. 2, at $2 80. White extracted, 8@8?^c; light
amber, 7'4@Sc. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, Jan. *>— The comb honey market
at the present is very quiet. Holders are not
trying to realize a profit, simply disposing of
what they have, at cost. Fancy comb honey is
selling at 14>t@l6c. Extracted amber honey in
barrels, 6@7c; fancy light amber in cans,7@Sc;
fancy white, 9c. Strictly choice beeswax, 30c,
delivered here. The Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.— comb honey is not
plenliful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, OfSTc. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Poudkr.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@VHc; cans the same. Beeswax, 26f3i28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb

honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jobbing
ways from 14(aH4Jic; single cases 16c for No. 1
white; off grades not wanted at any prlce^ Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
6@6Hc; white clover in barrels, 7J^c; in cans,
SH^c. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C. H.W, Wbber.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consalt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

FENCE ^TSe"?!^'

Made of High Carbon '"il*-'! wire. We
have DO agents- Wl-II direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.
■\Ve pay all freight. Cataioi? shows 37
styles and helKnts of farm and poultry
fence. It's free. iJiivdirert. Write todl^

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

I Box 89 WINCHESTER, INDIANA.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, 61 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, ^. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

75 Gas6s

Amber and
Buckwheat

GomD Hon6U

(24 sec. to case) $2.30 per case ; White Comb,
S3. 75 per case.

BEES AND QUEENS in season. Can
furnish bees on Danzenbaker or Simplicity
frames. Free Circular.

aUIRIN-THE aUEEN-BREEDER

5A2t Belleviie, Ohio

Mention Bee Journal when TvrttlnK.

Wa Sell Root's Goods in Miohiqan

L(Ct as quote joa prices on Sections, Hivct,
Fottudation, etc, as we can save joa time and
freight. Beeawaz Wanted for Caab,

M. H. HUNT A SON.

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Please weutlou Bee Journal
when wrltlntE advertisers.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHIXE CLOVER HOI^EV, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. N. Scott a Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

29Atf

Catalog Free

1004 East Wash. Street, II^»IAr«APOI^IS, ir«I>.

"In every country tlie snccessfnl aflyertiser is ttie continnous advertiser.'

100

Jan. 31, 1907

American la^ Journal

DADANTS FOUNDATIOS

.^IT EXCELSi^

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, " Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
•thing. WHY ? Because we make the manulacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST
COMB FODNDATION THAT CAW BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led in the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.
Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GDARAMTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.

Agents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

#

^###############################

Bee Journal when «vrltiu;£.

QUEENS f/or'iow%'o"on"s NUCLEI

I win sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Queen, 25c: doz., $3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2frame, Sl.50: 3frame, si 75-

4A13t R. IVI. SPENCER, Nordhoff. Calif.
Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns.

It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

I

Our Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

^^ We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ? ^^

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up=to-date hives are the
ke them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our C:

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker ? If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRET6HMER MFG. 60., Gouncil Blutfs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb. i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

g We will Buy and
Sell

SM

m

%ei

lOIiET

rtS?

^^

!8W o( the different grades and kinds. ]^g

^

If you have any to dispose of, or if

^§ you intend to buy, correspond ^

^^ with us. ^S

^S We are always in the market fi@

i Beeswax I

Kw at highest market prices.

m Hildreth & Segelken

^^ 265 & 267 Qreenwich Street

tm NEW YORK, N. Y. „«<

^ , -« .-« '**

Hentlon Bee Journal when vrrltlns.

" Xtae continuous advertiser
gets the bulk o< tlie business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

"^^

^ii^f^/

^Vi3

EE Journal

47th Year

CHICAGO, ILL., FEB. 7, 1907

',•'*?*.***■<''"-•

-^^Hii

Herbert f'reas. of St. Anns, Ont., in i
Buckwheat Field.

No. r,

€^

;f/ v^>N

r^r

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. C. Gatliright, Starting on a
Camping Trip.

(See page IOC)

T*'!'

*.'^

Apiary of H. E. (iray, in Saratoga Co., N. Y.

TWENT^ PAQE NUMBbR

\^

102

Feb. 7, 1907

Amarican ^ee Journal

PTTBUS3ED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W.YORK SCONPANIf

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

TEIF SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal 16
fi.iHi a year, in the United Stales, Canada, ana
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union. 50
ceuts a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscript if m ispavd.
Knr instance, "decOT" on your label shows that it Is
paid to the end of December, 19L7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt fur money sent us tu pay subscription, bul
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and creaited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, IOg.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing- less than >^ inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times — 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 "
S2 " ....30 •'

Space Discounts.

lOOlines... Spercent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading^ Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning'.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful narhtP.

3d.— To enlorce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. Fkancb, Platteville, Wlfc

t^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to ttM
ubiishers ot ibe American Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
premium for sending us One
I NcTV subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

nEOROE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILu.

Big Profits In Capons

Capouizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outtit
with free Insiructionf
postpaid $3.50.

loape Worm Extractor 25c
Poultry Marker 25c

1 French Killing KnifeoOO

ICapon Book Free.

(CAPON
TOOLS

O. F.FiUing&Bon,

Fhiladelpbia, Fa,

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing; advertisers.

Special Bargains

in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman
BROOD-FRAriES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging our f.^ctory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiary, and can save you money and delay at any time of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

MlnnesoM B66-K66D6rs' SupDly Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

Nicollet Island, No. 33.

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GoniD foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to other makes?

Because the bees like t best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Aug:usta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, VOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher
400 West 23Rr> Strset, NEW YORK, N. Y.
35Atf Please meutioa the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to In-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
Eale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a mottoqueen-buttoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 35c. Tha
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttou
for $1.10. Address all orders to

aEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILI.

Marshfield Goods I

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Jonrnal IdJJiThff

Feb. V, 1907

America ji ^ae Journal

Why Not Send Your Friend a Bee=Valentine

THE BEE-KEEPERS' SOUVENIR POSTAL CARDS

OwwT TouBEL nvHONEi:

And CMttB THIS lONELT MEURT?

For I WOULD njo you all the Tine
And wt WOULD nevek pakt

arc jiiNt the tiling.

We send them by Return Mall.

As most of our readers know, we have t'otten
out a Souvenir I'ostal Card for Ijeelieepers. The
cats herewith show the card in reduced size, and
but one color, while the real card is printed in 4
colors. It could also be sent to honey-customers,
to reiriud them that it is time to buy more honey,
etc. There are many uses to which this Card can
be put.

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for 10 cents (stamps
or silver), or 5 free with the American Bee .Jour-
nal one year at .$1.00; 10 for 25 cents. There is a
blank space on the card about 2x21., iuches in size for writing. Send all orders to

. f>n wtS

O wo.T ,ou KE m HOtiElC

A« CMttd THIS lONEir »<ABTT

Fop I wouix. hx> tou >iu the rirtj
Am) we woulo r*»£» part

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Come or send and Save Sii lo 30 Percent on slightly darnageii goods,

Lewis Goods at 1 percent Discount

DURING MARCH,
EXCEPT ON HONEY-PACKAGES.

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable distance of Chicago can make money on any
Supplies he may need now or later, by coming to Chicago and looking over the goods that we
selected out after the fire. Better order quick, if you want any of the goods we are selling at
25 to 50 percent reduction.

' Send lor list ot Slisfhtly Uamagfed Coods to select:lroni at

Reduced Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey in BO-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, Yorii Honey and Bee-Suppiy Co. ^ot mo

Long Distance Telephone, North ISSi. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-134S Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Catalogue.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, pplf -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowt-et
priced flrst-class hatchers made.
&E0. H. STAUL, Qalucy. IIL

I "If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder" '^

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Rooi'sfrices

Everything^ used by Bee-Keepers. aiig

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service. 0^

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .-. Catalog Free. '^

BEBSWZaX V\ZAINITED

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it to you.

Write for prices on Finest Extracted ffo7iey. Certificate guaranteeing'purity with
every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

orders for SUPPllCS.

WALTER S. POUDER

.'>i:t ,'>lo .llasisacbiiNetIs Ave.. I:M>IA.> APOLIS. lyitt.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oider now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.oa Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO, ILL. R.D. 1.

Hentton Be« Joamal vrhen vrrltlas*

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcnltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send SI .20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremontp Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discoants to the Trade.

Stock & Poultry fE/^iQE

Many styles and heights.
Diamond or Square Mtsh;
prices low. Sold dtrecton
30 daysfree trial, freit-'lit
prepaid. Calalo^'ue free.

KITSELMAN BROS.
Box 8.>. Muncie, Ind,

Mention Bee Jonmal n-hen wrltlns.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial atone. Practicall7 Inde-
strnctlble, and giving entirely satisfactorj re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than halt the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press lor L. frame
sheets, t2.00. Olhsr sizes, 25 ceats extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any sizi wanted.

4SAtf

ADRIAN GETAZ,

KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Engravings ForSale

We are accnmnlating qnite a stock of eng^rav'
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No donbt many of them could be nsed
ag'ain bj bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it wonld help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having*
made and using in onr columns. If there is acy
of onr engraving-s that any one would like to
have, jnst let ns know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn street. - CHICAGO, 11,1.

104

Feb. 7, 1907

American ^ee Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Photographic Competition

We are pleased to announce another series
of prizes for the best photographs submitted
to us, as described below, in two series,
American and Foreign, under thel following
conditions:

First. — The competition opens January
15th, and closes October 1st, 190". All pho-
tographs intended for this competition must
be in our hands by the last-named date.

Second. —Competition for these prizes is
limited to bee-keepers or some member of the
family. Entries may be made for as many
different classes as may be desired.

Third. — A photograph entered in one class
can not be entered in any other class.

FooBTH. — Each photograph should be
marked on the back with the name and full
address of the sender, and the class in which
it is entered. Thjs is important.

Fifth.— In judging the photographs, the
general appearance, neatness, etc., of the api-
ary, or exhibit, or yard, will be taken into
consideration. Photos may be sent un-
mounted. We rather prefer them this way,
and in a solio or reddish-brown if possible.
However, send such as you can get most
easily.

Sixth. — With each of the photographs sub-
mitted we would like a brief statement of the
conditions under which the apiary was pho-
tographed or honey produced, or similar in-
formation regarding the photograph. This
should be limited to about one hundred
words.

Seventh. — All photographs and corres-
pondence regarcing the same should bead-
dressed to Advertising Department, Glean-
ings IN Bee Culture, Medina, Ohio.

Eighth. — We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards or withhold any award if
no photo worthy is entered in the class.

AMERICAN COMPETITION
(Including Canada and Mexico)

AND

FOREIGN COMPETITION

The following are the classes in which en-
tries may be made :

Class A.— Photographs of any apiary in
village, town, or city.

Class B.— View of an apiary not exceeding
six hives in town or city.

Class C— Apiary in town or country of
not less than six hives or more than fifty
hives.

Class D.— Apiary in town or country of
fifty hives or more.

Class E.— Photograph of comb honey pro-
duced by a single colony of bees ; not less
than ten sections, and this preferably in plain
ections.

Class F.— Photograph of a bee-keeper's
home, showing some view of the apiary if
possible. The apiary need not be prominent
in the picture, however.

Class G. — Photographs of a crop of honey
from any number of colonies, six or more.

Class H.— Photographs of any apiarian ex-
hibit of bees, supplies, or honey taken at fairs
or shows of any kind.

Class I. — Photographs of any work in the
bee-yard, such as hiving swarms, extracting,
or any other operations with the hive.

Class .1 — Photographs of any other subject
relating to bee-keeping not classified above.

PRIZES

Value, Postpaid
Fikst. — One leather-bound "A B C of

Bee Culture," 190" English edition, or

cloth-bound French or German $2.00

Second. — One-half leather "ABC of

Bee Culture," 190? English edition 1.75

Third. — One " How to Keep Bees "and

any two Swarthmore books 1.50

Fourth.— One full cloth-bound "ABC

of Bee Culture," 190? English edition. 1.20
I Fifth. — One " How to Keep Bees," by

Anna Botsford Comstock 1.10

Sixth. — No. 1 bee-veil, all silk 80

Seventh. —No. 2 bee veil, silk face 50

Eighth.— One illustrated book, " Bee

Culture in Foreign Countries " .50

Ninth. — One Bee Model, Queen 50

Tenth.— One Bee Model, Drone 50

Ten prizes are offered for each class: Ten
for Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, etc. —
one hundred prizes for American contest, and
one hundred prizes for the Foreign contest;
two hundred in all if that number of entries
are received, the prizes offered being identical
for each class for the American competition
and for the Foreign.

If the winner of any certain prize already
has the prize offered, we will, on request from
him, furnish a selection of other items from
our catalogs, of equal value.

Danzenbalier Prizes

It is to be regretted that so many bee-keep-
ers are satisfied to produce year after year a
very ordinary grade of honey as regards its
appearance, when by a little more care, and
having more suitable fixtures, and by taking
the honey from the hiveat just the right time,
a much larger percentage of " fancy," or " ex-
tra fancy " honey could be produced, which
would sell at a much higher price. The ex-
perience of honey-merchants generally is that
there is no difficulty in disposing of large
stocks of fancy or extra fancy, even when the
market Is dull. It is the inferior grades that
suffer most at these times. We believe, too,
that bee-keepers would be very much better
satisfied with their season's work if their best
efforts were made to produce a really fine
product. To increase further the interest in
extra fancy honey, the following prizes are
offered for honey produced in Danzenbaker
hives during the year 1907, under the follow-
ing conditions:

FIRST.— As above stated, the honey must
be produced in a Danzenbaker hive, either the
present style or any Danzenbaker hive that
has been put out within the last few years.
These hives may be had of any dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies in any part of the country.

SECOND.— For Classes 1 and 2 we require
a shipment of approximately the amount
stated, to be made by the beekeeper direct to
us at Medina. After the prizes have been
awarded the honey entered for competitioD
in Class 1 or 2 will be held subject to the in-
structions of the producer. We will sell it at
5 percent commission, or we will ship it to

any point direct by freight or express. There
being good honey markets in our immediate
vicinity, such as Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleve-
land, Buffalo, and Pittsburg, it can be dis-
posed of without difficulty at good market
prices, and the shipper will not have to lose a
good market by shipping it here. Neither
the honey awarded a ptize nor that which ob-
tained no prize is to be our property, but will
be sold subject to the instructions of the pro-
ducer who sends it to us. We are interested
only in inspecting it to award the prizes.

THIRD. — For all honey submitted forprizes
we must have a definite statement from the
producer regarding the conditions under
which it was produced, whether a light or
heavy flow of honey, how the colony was
handled, how many colonies in the yard, from
what source produced, etc.

FOURTH.— For Classes 3, 4, and 5, we
must, in addition to the above report, have
the signature of two witnesses, certifying to
the correctness of the report. If the party
who sends us the report for the competition
Is well known to us we shall not require these
witnesses. References may be given instead
of the signature of witnesses if desired. All
parties intending to compete for these prizes
should send for blanks which we will furnish,
on which the report may be made out.

FIFTH.— It will be noticed in the last three
classes, three to five inclusive, that it is not
at all necessary to send us the honey — all we
require is a report.

SIXTH. — We reserve the right to limit the
number of awards in each class, or to make
no awards in a class if there are no satisfac-
tory entries for the same.

SEVENTH.— No contestant will be awarded
more than one prize in each class, but may
make two entries if desired — one in Class 1 or
2, and another in Class 3, 4, or 5.

The classifications for the prizes are as fol-
lows:

Class 1.— For best shipment of 200 lbs. of
comb honey in Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3. — For best case of comb honey in
Danzenbaker sections.

Class 3. — For best report of yield from
single colony in Danzenbaker hive.

Class 4. — For best report of yield from five
colonies in Danzenbaker hives.

Class 5. — Eor best report of general results
from use of Danzenbaker hive.

For each class there will be ten prizes as
follows:
FiRST.^;10.00.
Second.— §7,00.
Third.— S5.00.
Fourth.— S2.00.
Fifth to Tenth. — §1.00 each.

This is the time to decide to enter this com-
petition. No matter where you live, whether
in the United States or elsewhere, you can
certainly find one class in which you can
make an entry ; and as there are ten prizes in
each class, we believe that no one will be
greatly disappointed in the results unless it is
ourselves, and we hope that we shall not be,
but see a large number of entries. Even if
you fail to get a prize, you will doubtless have
increased the value of your own product by
your efforts to produce some big results or an
extra quality of honey.

THE A, I. ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the PostOCBce at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 3.t4 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,. FEBRUARY 6, 1907

VoL XLVII-No. 7

editorial ^ofes
and Commenfs

Value of Honey as Hood

Mr. Harry Lathrop, one of Wisconsin's
leading bee-keepers, sends in tiie following
on tlie use of honey as food :

Happy the man who can eat all the honey
he desires — and has the honey to eat 1

I have met not a few, who say they can not
eat honey, having had an overdose when they
were young. I usually tind, on further in-
quiry, that it was on the occasion of the cut-
ting of a bee-tree that they gorged them-
selves on the sweet, were made sick, and ever
after nature rebelled against that which had
caused pain and trouble.

It is easy to see how one could overdo in
this way, at a time when one has tramped
through the forest until tired and hungry,
then endured the excitement of felling the
tree and having suddenly a lot of honey ex-
posed in the most tempting manner, with
combs broken and dripping, and having the
delicious flavor of wild honey. The men and
boys at such times are apt to forget that
honey is a concentrated food, of high nutritive
value, and should be eaten with lighter and
more bulky foods, unless only a little is taken.
If they would take the precaution to carry
along a jug of sweet milk, and some nice
light bread, they could enjoy a feast there be-
side the fallen bee-tree that would be fit for a
king, and there would be no bad after effects,
no disgusted stomach to protest in after years.

But if those who have been indiscreet will
teach their stomachs that there is really no
harm in a little honey eaten properly, I be-
lieve they would soon be able to use honey
again with safety and satisfaction.

I find that honey is a good winter food here
in Wisconsin. I use it daily, and am almost
entirely free from colds and sore throat, of
which there seems to be a plenty among the
people around me.

If only all the people would leave off the
use of tobacco, and other like things, and use
the money, so wasted, in the purchase of
honey, and nice butter and milk, how much
better health they would have ; and the bee-
keepers would have a much better market for
their honej. Harkt Lathrop.

The foregoing is a good sample of the kind
of reading matter that should appear in the

newspapers throughout the country, to help
create a more general demand for honey. Mj.
Lathrop speaks from experience concerning
the value of honey. Such testimony is val-
uable. No doubt many other bee-keepers
could duplicate what he says. Why not all
who can, just write something like the above
for the local newspaper? Almost any of the
editors of such papers would be glad to pub-
lish it. It is a work that is helpful in two
ways— it benefits the public to know the true
value of honey as food, and it should help the
producers of honey to secure an increased de-
mand, which doubtless would result in better
prices being realized for table honey, at least.

Black Bees vs. Italians

On page 9U9 (10(16), some comments were
made upon a controversy between two British
subjects — one in .\ustralia and one in Scot-
land. Referring to this, the " party of the
second part " writes as follows:

" In .\ll Things Chabitt."

Yes, Mr. York, your motto, text, a precept
— whichever way we regard it — is an admir-
able one. But the pity of it is that we rarely
call it up to memory except when counselling
the ''Other fellow." It is perhaps a vice of
the age that too many of us —

" Compound for sins are inclined to
By damning those we have no mind to. "

Now, I have no objection to anything you
wrote on pages 90Si and 910 (1906), and I will
not even cavil at the word " savagely," but
charitably presume it is merely a misprint for
"severely." Hurriedly written, they are
similar ! Our Antipodean brother is evidently
prepared to write me down an ignoramus, at
which I am not greatly concerned; but you
kindly stop short of this, for which thanks.
Believing with the poet that " there is no
darkness like ignorance," I will most readily
eat humble pie if I aiu wrong, and even grate-
fully thank the benefactor who enlightens

me. Your article all over is very fair-minded,
and you in particular grasp two essential
facts, viz. : that there are blacks and blacks,
just as there are Italians and Italians, and
that even the blackest blacks are not so black
as they.are painted. To confirm you in the
first belief, I can assure you that, not only in
the British Isles, but over a large area of Con-
tinental Europe, they are the predominant
race, and the bm to pay. To convince you on
the second head, let me take you on a trip in
spirit, to far away Australia. '

In the corresponding issue of the Austra-
lian Bee-Keeper there appeared a glowing ac-
count of the excellent returns obtained from
about 40 colonies of blacks, and the writer
had no word of his hives being wiped out
wholesale or otherwise.

Again, in the current number of the same
bee-paper, you can have further proof, at first
hand, in favor of my side of the question. \t
the conference of the Victorian .Apiarists, the
president stated that " he did not agree with
the statement that black bees have a weaker
constitution than Italians." Mr. D. Morgan,
a gentleman who should know, considered
that " it was proved, that when an Italian
colony gets these diseases it is wocsc with
them than with blacks." .Mr. .Anderson who
read an informative paper, stated decidedly
that, as the fruits of a good deal of experi-
ence, he could affirm that "he introduced
foul brood when he introduced Italians and
goldens." Mr. Beuhne, a leading apiarist
insisted on the fact that "too much was
claimed for Italians that is not characteristic
of the race." Finally, one gentleman even
suggested that it might be advisable " to in-
troduce blacks to improve the strain."

It is facts we want, strike as they may. If
I am an ignoramus, I err in good company
Quoting from the same book as you did I
would say, " In the multitude of counsellors
there is wisdom " — and truth.

That blacks are not an effete race even
in Australia, is proved in the last Bulle-
tin, and that, too, by a breeder of Italians
who has 40 years' experience behind him. Oa
page 143, Mr N. Abram writes: " When the
bees of an apiary prosper so as to be rather
above the average under the prevailino- con-
ditions, then, no matter what kind of bees
they are, blacks or Italians, there is no need
to interfere."

Again, even Mr. Tipper himself goes far to
confirm my contention, for on another page
of the very same paper, where he falls foul of
my condemnation of the unfair treatment
accorded to blacks, he tells so woeful a tale
of the deplorable condition in which he found
his own apiaries, and the heavy losses (50 to
75 percent, I think), that one would conclude
that his colonies were all headed by the des-
pised and reviled black queens, unless that
we are expressly informed that they were
Italians, carefully bred from the best blood ia
the world, and the result of 25 years' carefnl
selection. No wonder Mr. Morgan, at the

106

Feb 7, 1907

American ^ee Journal

convention, was moved toask, " Is it possible
to import black bees to improve tlie strain?"

Now, most questions have two sides, and
wliat I would object to is the fact — for it is a
fact — that your American bee-keepers write as
if blacks were a useless and effete race. The
" charity " you desiderate should in the
future make you more cosmopolitan. Chicago
and a hundred miles around is not the world,
and the same, of course, holds true of Banff.
Is it not you, in light of the facts I have
placed before you, that do not take sufficiently
into consideration "locality?" I have consis-
tently upheld the good points I have found in
blacks, but I have at the same time shown
charity to Carniolans and Italians, and am
ready to champion their many good points. I
am heartily with you in all that has recently
appeared editorially in the American Bee
Journal on " improvement of stock." If api-
arists would devote more time and thought to
developing the good that is in all the 3 races,
the apicultural world would be nearer the
bee-paradise we sometimes hear about.

Banff, Scotland, D. M. Macdonald.

That is a good defense of the black bee, Mr.
Macdonald— a strong defense— and all the
stronger because you arecareful to keep truth
on your side. Advocates of Italians would
say it is one-sided, and it is entirely right that
it should be so, because you are not trying to
advocate Italians. So it is only fair to pre-
sent some points that advocates of Italians
would be likely to make.

Preliminary to that, a word as to the one
point of controversy between us. It is not
necessary to suppose that "savagely " was a
misprint for "severely." The dictionary
gives one definition of "savagely;" "[Col-
loq.] very severely; as, savagely criticised."
It may be said that this is an American collo-
quialism; at any rate, it is a common use of
the word here; and in this sense you will no
doubt think it correctly used.

Admitting that Messrs. Morgan and others
held the opinions quoted, is it not true that
the majority of Australian bee-keepers hold
the opinion that blacks succumb more readily
than Italians, especially to foul brood?

Suppose Mr. Anderson introduced foul
brood with Italians; what does that prove?
Has any one ever claimed that Italians are
immune to foul brood? Suppose Smith had
the best bees in the world, and 15rown the
poorest; that foul brood attacked Smith's
bees, and through them the disease was con-
veyed to Brown's bees; would that prove in
the least the superiority of Brown's bees?

Suppose that Editor Tipper lost 50 to "a
percent of choice Italians ; is there any proof
that if they had been blacks the loss would
not have been 100 percent?

It is true that " Chicago and a hundred
miles around is not the world," but Chicago
and 3000 miles around is all of the world,
practically, for American bee-papers; and
within that radius it is the right thing tor
them to say that the blacks are inferior. Per-
haps you may not know that on this side
opinion is not divided as it is on your side. In
England blacks probably take the lead, and
at the same timethere are leading bee-keepers
there who prefer Italians. It is not so in this
country. Practically, no one prefers blacks.
If, then, an American editor be asked by a
beginner as to which is the better bee, he an-
swers, "The Italian," without stopping to
add, " but in Switzerland the black is better."
What is Switzerland to the American begin-

ner? Likewise the editor of the very excel-
lent bee-paper published in Switzerland would
be likely to reply that blacks are the better
bees, without adding that the reverse is the
case in America.

So you see that so long as there are no " two
sides" to the question on this side, American
bee-papers are hardly to be blamed for giving
only the one side. AU this is said, as may be
gathered from what was said on pages 909
and 910 (1906), with full recognition of the
difference between such matters in this coun-
try and yours. If climatic differences have
not too strong a bearing in the case, the pos-
sibility may even be admitted that the best
blacks in England are better than the best
Italians in America — at least, such a possi-
bility may be admitted until trial is made.
Are you sure you can furnish us the Simon-
pure blacks without the least taint of Italian
blood?

Packages for Extracted Honey

Discussing this subject in the Canadian
Bee Journal, and largely from the stand-point
of personal experience, J- L. Byer says:

While the experience of extensive retailers
seems to prove conclusively that for the town
trade it pays to put up honey in glass, yet to
the writer's mind it seems doubtful whether

this is true as regards the country and vill-^n
trade. For example, in a village near us of
1200 population, last year, over 2000 pounds
of honey was sold in packages of 10 and 5
pound pails. To my knowledge, not a single
pound was sold in glass, and I can hardly
think that so much honey would have been
sold provided the honey had all been put up
in 1-pound packages.

On the other hand, it might be argued that
some who would pay 1.5 cents for a single
pound would never think of investing 50
cents at one time for a 5-pound pail. In fact,
Mr. Hand said he knew of one family who
annually bought over 150 pound-bottles, who
would never think of buying a 5-pound pail
at one time. »

Personally, I feel incliaed to think if there
were no pound packages in sight that more
than likely the same family would buy 5-
pound pails, and incidentally come to the
conclusion that it was much the cheaper way
of buying honey.

From the producer's standpoint there is not
halt so much work in selling in pails as there
is in putting up in glass; and in the case of
the pails being used, the consumers become
educated to the use of honey in the granu-
lated form, and it is surprising how many be-
come partial to honey in that condition.

All things considered, while I would not
discourage any way of increasing the sale of
honey, yet in my trade, after taking into con-
sideration the demand in my own locality, I
feel a bit slow about investing in glass so
long as I can sell in tin packages as readily
as in the past.

IlecxjS - Items s

The National Assuciaiiou had 2201
members on Jan. 30, 1907. Why not make it
2500 by April 1 — that would be only 150 a
month for this month and next? If more con-
venient, you can send your dues to the office
of the American Bee Journal, and we will for-
ward them to Treasurer France.

The Apiary of H. E. Gray, appearing
in the picture on the first page, was thus de-
scribed by Mr. Gray when sending us the
photograph from which to make the engrav-
ing:

The photograph herewith shows a portion
of apiary on Moreau Farm, in Saratoga Co.,
N. Y., consisting of about 1'25 colonies, prin-
cipally Carniolan stock with a few Italian
colonies. I run for comb honey mostly, us-
ing 1'. J -pound sections, and a double brood-
chamber interchanging with the super, the
former taking 8 frames and the latter 24
sections.

My spring count, in 1906, was 76 colonies,
which produced not far from 1^:, tons of sur-
plus honey, comb and extracted, which I have
no trouble to market at near-by towns. This
locality produces a fine quality of basswood
and clover, with some buckwheat, etc.

I winter my bees on the summer stands in
pairs, by closing together, then putting a
winter-case around and filling in with dry
material, such as leaves, chaff, etc.

Last season was my llrst experience in bee-
keeping, while engaged in the jewelry busi-
ness. On April 1, 1 disposed of my business
to take up bees with thoroughbred poultry as

atf

a means of livelihood. I have a great deal
yet to learn, and look to the American Bee
Journal for a good share of it.

H. E. Gray.

Mr. Freas in a Buckwheat Field. —

When sending the picture shown on the first
page, Mr. Freas wrote thus :

I send a picture of myself standing in a
buckwheat patch on a hillside on the farm on
which my great grandfather settled some time
in 1700. My grandfather, my father, and my-
self, were born on this farm, and have lived
here all the time. Father is living, aged 71
years.

The hat I am wearing does not go out of
style in this locality.

No liquor nor tobacco has been used in our
family for three generations.

Herbert Freas.

P. S. — I forgot to add " B. A." to my name.
That means " Bachelor Apiarist." I have
been a bee-keeper for over 15 years, and have
24 colonies now. The quality of the honey
last year was very poor, and not much of it.
H. F.

Mr. and Mrs. Gathright, of California,
as they appear when starting for a camping
trip, is shown on the first page. The follow-
ing is what Mr. G. says about it:

I enclose a photograph ot two bee-keepers
and their outfit starting on a camping trip.
The bee-keepers are my wife and myself. We
have packed in the wagon our bed, one trunk
hay and grain for the mules, fishing poles

Feb. 7, 1907

107

American l^ee Journal|^

^rv"^-^ 1

(funs, etc. The wagon is large enough so we
close up the front and hack, and slecip inside.

We starteil the afternoon of Nov. 7, and
camped that night in the |)retly little city of
Santa Paula. This is a very nice place, hav-
ing some of the finest residences and an air of
prosperity and progressiveness, The people
had recently voted out the i-aloons by a large
majority, which of itself shows progress.

From Santa I'aula to San Buenaventura we
passed through the great l^inia tieau country
of California. The acreage planted to Lima
beans is said to be about 6.5,000 acres. Some
of the bee-keepers move their bees to these
bean-tieids after they have gathered the crop
of sage honey, and secure two crops a year,
sometimes. The honey from Lima beans is
almost water-white, and very tine. .\1I
through this section of country we see nice
farm houses and large barns, and the people
appear to be very prosperous. My wife, be-
ing a native of Ohio, was astonished at seeing
such an abundance of flowers everywhere at
this time of the year, this being her flrst win-
ter in California. In many places we saw
geraniums bordering the farms along the
roadsides, and in other places neglected and
growing wild in the greatest profusion.

At San Buenaventura the places of interest
are: The old mission, with its old wooden
bell, made hundreds of years ago; the flower
gardens of the late Mrs. Theodosia 15. Shep-
herd; the Bard Memorial Hospital, and the
beautiful grounds around the court-house.

Leaving Ventura our route lay for 30 miles
along the beach. This is a most beautiful
drive. The .\nacapa Islands can be plainly
seen all the way. .Vs we drive along we are
impressed with the grandeur of the old ocean,
as the breakers roar and send their foam right
into the road on which we are traveling.

We pass through the Carpenteria Valley,
one of great richness. Here we saw the
largest grapevine in the world, and we saw
the largest eucalyptus trees we had ever seen.
One measured 15 feet in circumference 3 feet
above the ground. These trees are natives of
Australia, and are planted for shade and
wind-breaks around orange orchards. They
grow very tall, and do not send out long side-
branches as do most other trees. They blos-
som in December and January, and the bees
till up the hives nicely when there is a sufli-
cient number of trees, but the honey is dark
and not salable, but it comes in a good time
for bees to breed up on it.

We spent a week in Santa Barbara. Here
we met our old bee-keeper friend, Delos
Wood, who joined us for a few days' Ashing
off the wharf. We caught an abundance of
small flsh, which were very fine eating.

We visited the old Santa Barbara Mission,
founded in 1786, and said to be the largest,
most important, and best preserved, of all the
21 missions erected in California during the
early days of the Spanish rule.

The Potter Hotel is a place of great interest
to visitors on account of its extensive
grounds, with its wealth of rare flowers from
all parts of the world. A more beautiful
place I have never seen, and doubt if it can
be surpassed in the whole world. " Adios,"
Santa Barbara ! We hope to see you again.
Wm. C. Gathright.

fore March 1, will be In time to get their
names in the Report, In the longest list the
Slate .\ss()<'iation has ever had. And further,
we have aliout 100 beautiful badges that will
be given out to the members joining before
thev are all gone. Jas. A. Stone, firr,

Kt. 4, Springfield, 111.

music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now Issued for the use of beekeep-
ers, the lirst being the " Honey-Hear" card.
Prices, by mail, are as follows ; Sample cards,
3 cents each ; 7 for 20 cents, or 10 for 25 cents.

Notice to Illinois Bee-Keepers.— We

have received the following from the Secre-
tary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which should be of interest to every
bee-keeper in Illinois:

The annual membership fee in the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association is SI. 00, and
by arrangement the National .\ssociation al-
lows the members of other associations to
come in a body through the secretaries at 50
cents per member. Having received letters
from many who were already members of the
National, we have resolved to accept such in
the Illinois State .Association (who already
have membership in the National) at .50 cents.
This will entitle them to a cloth-bound copy
of the fith .\nnual Report, which will soon be
ready for the press. Those who come in be-

Bee SoiiK Souvenir Postal Cards.—

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for beekeepers, each card having one
of the following songs, about 2J4x3>',i in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card:
" Buckwheat Cakes and Honey," "The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming
of the Bees." The first two cards have small
pictures of the authors of the words and

Putnam & Peake is the name
firjii which began to operate a bee-
tory at River Fails, Wis., about Feb.
is the same factory that Mr. W. H
conducted for a number of years.
H. Peake, the junior member of the
an employee of the .\. I. Root Co. fo
and has the reputation of being
workman. We bespeak a successf
for the new concern.

of a new
hive fac-
. 1. This
Putnam
Mr. Carl
firm, was
r 0 years,
a skilled
ul career

,*f^

Insect Respiration and Cir-
culation

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

A subscriber asks me to describe the
breathing and circulation in insects.

By respiration is meant the taking in
of o.xygen, and the passing off of carbon
dio.xide. O.xygen is the most important
food in this respect, so we must have
a constant supply of it, and if it is with-
held but for a very few minutes, death
by suiTocation is sure. Carboti dioxide
is harmless in the blood if in normal
proportions, but let it once become pres-
ent in excess, and it comes to be a viru-
lent poison. We see, then, how impor-
tant respiration is with all animals.

Respiration of Plants.

This function, indeed, is not liinited
to animals, but all plants must breathe
in the oxygen and exhale the carbon
dioxide. This is certainly true of all
but the very lowest of the plants. The
higher plants also take in carbon dioxide
to use in their plant work and nutrition,
and at the same time they give off o.xy-
gen, but they do this only in the day-
time, when the sunlight aids them in
their functional activities. But they
breathe in the true sense, by day and
by night. We see, then, that plants
tend only to vitiate the air at night,
though in the day they may make it
more wholesome for us to breathe.

Two Kinds of Bre.\thing.

It is well known, that some animals
breathe water, or, better, air from the
water, and such animals are called
"water-breathers." Others breathe only
air, or the oxygen froin the air, anil
would surely 'lie if placed in water. The
water-breather- have gills, and the
others lungs or traches. The first, by
the gills or lirmchise, can draw the o.xy-
gen from the water, while the latter by

<i!biifribufedr'

their lungs c<-fli take the same from the
air. Both will soon die if the respira-
tion cease.

Respir.\tion in Insects.

Insects are all air-breathers when in
the mature state. Some, like the dra-
gon-flies, breathe water, by gills, while
yet larvre. Bees always breathe air. In-
cests never have true lungs, but have
tracheae instead. These penetrate to
every part of the body. The red color-
ing-ina"tter of the blood is to carry the
oxygen from the lungs to the body. We
see, then, why insects have white or
yellowish-white blood ; they have the
air in their tubular lungs all over the
body, so they do not need to carry it.

Respiratory System in Insects.

In our bees, as in almost all insects,
two main air-tubes run along the sides
of the body, and these branch and re-
branch, and so push into every part of
the bee, or other insect. These get
the air through breathing-mouths, called
"spiracles." These are situated along the
sides of the body, and are very con-
spicuous in the great caterpillar, that
works on he tomato, known as the ''to-
mato-worm." Thus the insect takes its
air, not through the mouth, but through
these spiracles along on the sides of the
body. These are guarded bj- a double
valve which is under the control of
the insect. The hairs, like the hairs
in our own noses, are always keeping
dust out, while the other valves act
only when the need of protection is ex-
treme— just as we use our thumb and
finger, when the dust or noxious gas is
too pronounced, or disturbing.

Blood .\nd Circul.\tion in Insects.

The blood in insects, as in us, is the
great nourishing liquid. As I have al-
ready said, it is without the red color-
ing-matter, and so has not the red cor-
puscles, which hold the hemoglobine, or
red coloring-matter. Except in this lack

108

Feb. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

of the red corpuscles, the blood of bees
is essentially like our own.

The Heart of Insects.

The heart of all insects, and so of
the bee, is a straight tube, which is
dorsal ; that is, it extends along the
back. This heat is all the circulating
apparatus that the bee has. It has
neither arteries nor veins. The heart
has valves along the sides, which open
as the heart is relh.xed, and close as it
contracts. The heart only moves the
blood one way — towards the head. It
then pushes back, through the intervas
cular spaces, and again crowds into the
heart, to be emptied again near the
head. We see, then, that the heart
serves only to keep the blood in mo-
tion, forcing it ever towards the head.
The circulating apparatus is very sim-
ple, while the breathing system is very
well developed. We should expect this,
as the muscular development and func-
tion is very high in insects, and good
breathing and great activity go to-
gether.

Wintering Bees in California.

The bee - keeper in California has
great advantage over his brother in the
North and East. There the winter comes
with such rigor, that often the bees are
swept as with the very" besom of de-
struction. How often the entire apiary
has been swept off by the Storm King,
from the unwary bee-keeper, who was
not careful to protect his bees from its
fury. Here in our "Sunny South" land
we have no such menace, and do not
dread the winter's cold in the least. Here
there is never a winter that the bees do
not fly at some time each month of the
winter. Often the bees fly, gather, and
breed up quite strong in the very heart
of the winter. As we all know, there
can be no danger of death from cold,
and unusually poor food would not be
harmful in such cases as this.

Yet there is one menace even in Cali-
fornia. I refer to starvation. This
should never occur, and will never oc-
cur, if the bee-keeper is aware of the
danger, and gives heed to his business.
There is a reason why this occurs far
too often. The California bee-keeper,
from his distance from the large mar-
kets, is very likely to work for e.x-
tracted honey. This is less likely to be
injured in the long transit to market,
and is sent often at less expense. If
the season is good, the honey comes
in rapidly, and the over-ambitious bee-
keeper is very likely to extract too close-
ly, and so the bees are robbed of the
needed stores for winter. . It behooves
every bee-keeper to look well to his
bees, and be sure that all have enough
honey to carry them through the win-
ter. It is a sad truth that many colo-
nies of bees die here almost every win-
ter from this inexcusable neglect.

Abundant Rains.

The crying need in California— espec-
ially Southern California — is generous
rains. We must have them to iiisure a
full honey crop. We have been very
fortunate in this respect this winter. We
have not only had more than is usual,
but we have them in a way to do the
most good. The prospects now for next

season are very excellent. With good
rains we are almost sure to have a good
honey-year. Last year, however, even with
rains, we had a dearth of honey. The
cold, damp season was the cause. Such
seasons are very exceptional.
Claremont, Cal., Dec. 29, 1906.

Do Bees Freeze to Death ?

BV G. ir. DOOLITTLE.

A correspondent writes that one of
his neighbors tells him that bees often
freeze to death in extremely cold spells
during winter, and wishes me to tell
in the American Bee Journal whether
his neighbor is right or not.

Many seem to think that bees often
freeze to death in winter, and when
colonies are found dead in the spring,
after an unusually cmUI winter, thev are
quite sure that no other cause besides
freezing will account for their being
dead, as they have often seen bees on
the outside of the cluster somewhat stif-
fened with the cold when the mercury
registered little more than the freez-
ing point. And some are so unreason-
able that they will not listen to anything
which goes "to prove that they may be
mistaken. But to the careftil student
of intricate problems, facts often appear
which show that each, in a measure,
may be right and wrong, where two-
take exactly opposite sides in these iiiat-
ters.

That bees will freeze to death, wlien
isolated from the main cluster, no one
can deny, for no observing bee-kp'o'"
has failed to see single bees, and little
clusters of 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, or even 50
to 100 in a place, away from the main
cluster, frozen till life had become ex-
tinct, long, long ago.

There has been considerable talk of
late about freezing bees and queens dur-
ing the summer, by putting them in
a refrigerator or an ice-house, so that
in this frozen condition they would
not consume anything, nor grow old by
wearing themselves out through use-
less activity, thus prolonging their life
indefinitely, and allowing the keeping
of extra queens on hand, while the nu-
clei were worked for more queens, the
frozen ones being thawed out at any
time when they were wished for use, or
successfully introduced while they were
partially inactive through not being ful-
ly recovered from their stupor, which
was brought on from freezing. But I
can only look upon that word freezing,
as used here, during ^uch talk, as a fal-
lacy, for. if I am right, no bee, after
being once frozen, ever comes to life
again. What was being talked about
was bees brought into a dormant con-
dition through a certain degree of cold,
which degree was kept up till they were
brought out from under that condition
into a condition of .-lotivity ?<ja:n throuo'h
a lesser degree of cold. But that de-
gree of cold must always be less than
the feezing point, for. with all niv efforts
to bring a frozen hce back to life again,
I have signally failed.

I have picked up thousands of bees
which had dropped down and become
chilled on the snow, with the mcrcur\'
standing at from .•?2 to 40 degrees, and
brought them to life again, hut with

repeated trials on similar numbers of
bees after the mercury had sunken as
low as 30 degrees, or lower, not a sin-
gle one could be gotten to move so much
as a single foot or wing, .^nd I have
taken these little clusters of bees out on
the combs, away from the main cluster,
and brought them to life again the same
as were those which had not been froz-
en on the snow, where frost had never
reached them, but after they had been
once frozen it was always useless to try
to bring them back to life again. So
much for little clusters and single bees
that have become isolated from the
main cluster during cold or very cool
weather, which all go to prove that my
correspondent's neighbor was right, that
bees do freeze to death.

But there is another side to this mat-
ter, and this other side shows that his
neighbor was wrong, if he intended to
convey the idea that a good colony of
bees with plenty of stores within easy
reach could be frozen to death. While
it is possible to freeze nearly all animal
life by exposure to a very low tempera-
ture, the bees seem capable, with plenty
of stores near at hand, to stand any
:\mount of cold, so long as food remains
witiiin easy reach. To be sure, the bees
on the outside of the cluster may become
somewhat stiffened with the cold, but
those within are as brisk and as livelj'
as in summer. That pioneer bee-keeper,
Moses Quinby, than whom there is no
better authority, knew this to be a fact
when he said that "the bees inside of
the cluster, on a zero morning could
fly as readily as in July, should the
cluster be suddenly thrown apart."

Again, that veteran apiarist. Elisha
Gallup, who died only a short time ago,
in writing of a winter in upper Canada,
where he kept bees a half century ago,
said, "The thermometer for 60 days in
succession was not above 10 degrees
below zero, and for 8 of these days the
mercury was frozen, yet my bees, in
box-hives, with a 2-inch pole at the
top, and the bottom plastered up tight,
came through in excellent condition."
(See American Bee Journal, Vol. V.,
page 33.)

Now if colonies of bees will not freeze
to death under such conditions as these,
pray tell me when they would do so.
While bees here in central New York
were never put to so severe a test
as the above, yet the mercury of-
ten drops from 20 to 30 degrees
below zero; still it does not seem
to affect good colonies of bees in the
least. From experiments conducted
with a self-registering thermometer, I
find that when it is 20 degrees below
zero in the outside air, a temperature
of 46 above zero is maintained within
the hive and close to the outside of the
cluster of bees, while the center of the
cluster gave a warmth of 63 degrees
above zero at the same time, thus show-
ing that the bees were far from freez-
ing.

To test more thoroughly this matter
of freezing colonies of bees, I took a
colony one evening when the mercury
stood from 10 to 15 below zero, and
suspended the hive about 2 feet from
th" bottrm-bonrd. t;i'--i"'T off .-ill r'^\-
ering from the top of the hive, so they
were practically the same as hung in

Feb. 7, 1907

W)

Americanize JoarnaJj^^^^^^gs^i^ j

the open air, for the colony was not
large enongh so the bees touched the
side of the hive in any place. They
were left thus all night, during which
the mercury went as low as ]6 degrees
below zero, yet the next morning the
bees were all right, even if 1 did expect
to find tluni dead. /Vnil wh;it was more,
they survived all of my experiments
with them, coming through all right in
the spring, and doing good work the
ne.xt summer.

After all of the above, I came to the
conclusion that all talk about freezing
a good colony of bees when in a nor-
mal condition is a myth, and an impos-
sibility.

Borodino, N. Y.

Bee-Culture vs. Horticulture

A jMtpfr rt'wl hefovi' a joint inerting of the Kaji-

jiff.s- Stiitf Jttr-h'frpt't's^ Associtilivii and

the .Stiitf /forticultitraf As.-<aciation

BY C. P. DADANT.

These two branches of agricultural
economy are allied to each other, and
may be carried on by the same producer,
tl us forming a profitable combination.

There are, however, some persons
who think that these two industries
are antagonistic. A demonstration of
the incorrectness of these views will
make the subject of this address.

There are two points upon which
wrongly-informed horticulturists think
that bee-culture is objectionable. The
first is the bees' influence upon the blos-
sons ; the other, their depredations upon
fruits.

The bees are said to work injury
upon the blossoms of fruit-trees and
shrubs or plants, by removing the honey
and the pollen. A very elementary study
of the structure of blossoms will en-
lighten us upon these points.

Bees Help Fruit-Bloom Fertiliz.\tion.

In most of our fruits, the sexual parts
of the bloom are both to be found with-
in the corolla, the male part being the
stamens or pollen-producing organs, the
female part being the pistil or fruit-
bearing stem. It is only by the scatter-
ing of the pollen in minute quantity,
upon the pistil, that the blossom becomes
fertile. Pollen is a dust of different
shades, according to the blossoms from
which it is produced, which has the
power of making the fruit productive,
or to cause it to "set," as is popularly
said. This pollen, under the powerful
microscope of scientists, proves to be
composed of very minute round balls,
having much the shape and appearance
of osage oranges. These little pellets
are gathered by the bees to be used in
the larval food of the immature bee.
So it is not consumed by the adult in-
sect in any perceptible quantity. It is
carried to the hive upon the third pair
of legs in a cavity which nature seems
to have provided for this sole purpose.
Bees may be noticed laden with it, at
any time during the spring or summer
when returning to the hives, and many
uninformed persons have taken it to be
wax-pellets. But beeswa.x is produced
in the hive, from honey, by digestion.

In gathering these pollen-grains, the

bees shake them from the stamens which
have produced ihem and cause a num-
ber of them to fall upon the pistil. So
eager are they in the gathering of this
|iollen-dust that ihey are often covered
with it, from head to foot, as if they
had rolled in it. They comonly use the
tirst and second pair of legs to brush
it off their bodies and pack it into the
pollen-baskets on the tibia of the third
pair of legs. Not only does the action
of the bees scatter this fecundating dust
upon the female part of the flower it-
self, but it also distributes it from one
blossom to another, from one tree or
plant to another. In this way, in-and-
in breeding is avoided. Although in-
and-in breeding is very good to inten-
sify certain qualities of plants, it is well
known that this, when carried to ex-
cess, finally results in sterilit}', both in
plant and animal life.

The action of bees and other insects
in bringing about a cross-fertilization is
well evidenced in the sporting of peaches,
which cannot usually be reproduced ex-
actly from the planting of the stone. A
still better evidence of the sporting
caused by insects is found in melons,
cucumbers and pumpkins, which when
planted in sufficient proximity to each
other will produce offspring which is
not cucumber, melon or pumpkin, but
a mixture of them.

It has been ascertained that in nu-
merous fruit-blossoms this pollen trans-
portation and scattering on the part of
the insects, and of the bees in particular,
is indespensable to the proper fertiliza-
tion of the bloom. Observing horti-
culturists have noticed that their
orchards are never so full of fruit as
when they have had two or three days
of warm weather for the blossoms to
be visited by honey-gathering insects.
In the case of some blossoms, such as
the strawberry — of which some varieties
are imperfect and carry only pistils and
no stamens — it is indispensable that
some insect be able to carry the pollen
from the perfect blossoms to the imper-
fect ones. Strawberry growers well
know that some varieties must be ac-
companied by other varieties in order
to become productive, but even if they
were planted together, there would be
but very remote chances of cross-ferti-
lization if it were not for the agency
of the winged insect.

So much for the removal of pollen
by the bee. But what of their absorp-
tion of the honey? Some say that the
honey exuded by the blossoms is re-
absorbed by these same blossoms, in
the support of the young fruit, and that
the removal of this honey works in-
jury to the fruit. Whether the honey is
absorbed or not, we have a very good
evidence that its removal works no in-
jury. The largest crops of honey in
our section of country are gathered
from white clover and Spanish-needles.
In Colorado, and in the West generally,
millions of pounds are gathered from
the alfalfa. 1 have yet to learn of a
single instance where those plants have
failed to produce a bountiful crop of
seed after having given a crop of honey.
On the contrary, it is proven that they
produce more .-^eeds after the bees have
had access to them. Mr. Samuel J.
Hunter, a State Entomologist, has made

experiments and ascertained that the
seed-production is increased three-fifths,
at least, Ijy the work of the honey-bee
on alfalfa blossoms.

Whether we believe in a fixed purpose
of progress in Nature, or in the invari-
able outcome from the survival of the
fittest, or in both of these theories
combined, we must acknowledge that
existence of honey-gathering insects
shows a beautiful adaptation to the con-
ditions of plant-life.

Bees and Fruit.

Let us now look upon the other ob-
jection to the culture of bees, in con-
nection with horticulture — their depre-
dations upon fruits. I think that, if it
can be shown that the bees prey only
upon damaged fruits, and this only in
exceptional circumstances, the verdict
will be in their favor, for damaged
fruit, when hanging upon the tree or
the vines, is of but little value. If not
harvested at once it will rot, and the
bees gather only that which would be
wasted.

But do the bees damage sound fruit?
Or, better yet, can they damage sound
fruit? An examination of their mandi-
bles in comparison with those of many
hornets and wasps reveals the fact that
while the mandibles of the latter are
like saws, those of the bee are rounding
and deprived of teeth. Their jaws act
sidewise, instead of up and down as in
animals, and they are shaped like
spoons. They can grasp and hold an-
other bee or the stems of plants ; they
are made to manipulate soft substances
like beeswax. They can cut a hole in
a piece of cloth or in paper, but an ex-
amination of the manner in which they
do it will show that they first take hold
of some projecting thread and pull it
out, then take another, and keep pull-
ing till they have changed the apparent-
ly smooth piece of cloth into a rag. But
when it comes to the smooth skin of
a fruit, all they do is to remove the
soft down or bloom of the fruit, if they
travel upon it long enough ; but they
are no more able to bite into it than
a human being could bite into a smooth
plaster wall.

This may be demonstrated by actual
test. The most expeditious method is
to place a bunch of ripe grapes inside
of a populous hive of bees, previously
puncturing a few of the berries and tak-
ing note of the number. After 24 hours
Or more, investigation will show that
the bees have sucked the juice out of
the punctured grapes, but have left the
others intact. They will go even as far
as covering with propolis or bee-glue
those grapes which they cannot use, as
they cover any foreign substance of
which they cannot get rid.

Some persons assert that thej' are
sure the bees injure fruit because they
have seen them at work upon it, and
because large quantities of fruit, es-
pecially grapes, have been found entirely
destroyed, w'here bees only were found
upon them. This is simply a delusion
similar to that of the uninformed human
being who denies that the earth revolves
around the sun, because he sees the sun
rise and set, and because he cannot feel
the earth move; and argues also that if
the earth moved it would be impossible

110

Feb. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

for him to live on it when it was bot-
tomside up. The bees evidently work
upon damaged fruit, and they feel so
■innocent about it tliat they do not even
attempt to fly away when we catch them
in the act. But let us get up with the
dawn, before sunrise, and go to the
vineyard or the peach orchard, and there
we will catch the real culprits that feed
upon the fruit — quails, robins, cat-birds,
etc. They gather in a vineyard by the
hundred, eat their fill, and when no
longer hungry they find pleasure in
wantonly plunging their beaks in the
soft juice. In many instances you will
find a bunch of grapes with hardly a
sound berry, and they are all plucked on
the same side, many of the berries show-
ing two holes, one above the other, a
short distance apart. It was done by
the two points of the bird's beak.

But the sun rises above the horizon
and the bees come to gather the frag-
ments, and so does man, and he straight-
way puts the blame on the industrious
little toiler which works from sunrise
till sunset for its board, and never fails
to bring its harvest to the hive, to be
later robbed by this complaining human
miser.

Bees do not work on unsound fruit
at all times. Is it because they are lazy
at times? No, it is because they some-
times find better food. Whenever you
see the bees on damaged peaches or
grapes, you may be sure that there is
no honey to be found in the blossoms.
There are seasons of honey scarcity,
\yhen they manage to gather quite a
little partly-fermented fruit-juice. It is
the best they can find, but is not good
for them. It will sour in the hive and
make bad winter food. The prudent
apiarist removes all this unhealthy food
from the hive before winter, and gives
them good honey instead. There is
never any great quantity of it harvested,
because many bees are made drunk by
its fermentation, and fail to reach the
hive alive. So when bees are seen in
numbers on damaged fruit, it may safe-
lybe asserted that the apiary is more
injured than benefited thereby.

Untimely Spraying Injures Bees.

Let us look upon the damage which
has been occasionally inflicted upon the
bee by the horticulturist. It is done by
injudicious spraying of fruit during the
bloom. Dealers in spraying instruments
have asserted that it is necessary to
spray the fruit-trees during the bloom.
1 he result has been, in some instances,
wholesale poisoning of insects where
this method was pursued, the poison in
the spray mixing with the honey in the
corolla and endangering, not only the
life of the bee that sipped part of this
liquid, but also the life of those who
might eat of this poisoned nectar in the
combs.

So the spraying of fruit during the
bloom might easily be made a criminal
matter. But there is no advantage in
spraying fruit during the bloom. What
we seek is to prevent the puncture of
the fruit by the depredatory insects,
such as the codling moth, the curculio,
etc. These insects puncture the fruit
when it is formed, and their destruc-
tion must follow the formation of the
fruit. The throwing of any poisonous

mi.xture upon the lilossom can have but
one effect — that of destroying the ef-
ficiency of the pollen, if it is diluted in
this poison.

The assertions I have made in this
paper are based upon positive facts
gathered in a large orchard and exten-
sive vineyards, connected with an apiary
of about 100 colonies of bees. I have
often taken visitors into the vineyard
and the apiary during the maturing of
the fruit, and shown them, without any
possibihty of error, that bee-keeping and
fruit-growing are not antagonistic, but
are profitable and helpful to one an-
other, when carried on together in a
suitable location.

Hamilton, 111.

[Since the foregoing was written and
read, Mr. Dadant adds the following in
reply to Mr. Hasty: — Editor.]

Bees and Grapes.

I am sorry to feel that I must take
issue with Mr. Hasty concerning bees
vs. grapes. But it has been my misfor-
tune to be mixed up with a great deal
of trouble in this line, and I have made
so thorough an investigation of the work
of bees on grapes that I know — absolute-
ly know — that what I advance is true.
I have heard people make the same
statement that is quoted by Mr. Hasty,
about Mr. Pocklington, (page 33) and
in every case I proved it to be only an
opinion advanced, which the party did
not dare back up.

I have starved bees on grapes. I
have tried just what Mr. Hasty suggests.

getting the bees to "cluster on the bunch
till they cover it all up, out of sight,
like they were balling up a queen or try-
ing to force a hole into a hive." I have
had bees in this way just as long as they
had the patience or persistence to stay,
and I will tell you that they stayed a
long time, for they knew the juice was
there, just under the skin. But it was
out of their reach. One berry punc-
tured, out of a bunch treated in this
way, had a depression in it where the
juice had been suclyed after 3 hours of
exposure, but not a sound berry was
damaged, except for the loss of its
bloom.

Any of my readers can try this, and
also try putting sound grapes into a
full colony of bees and note the result.
To make the test more secure, puncture
one or two berries when putting them
in. But be sure and do not handle the
bunch carelessly, for you may loosen
the berries slightly at the stem, and in
that case the bees would soon take ad-
vantage of it.

I am sure of wliat I say when I as-
sert that bees zvill starve on sound
grapes, for I have tried it, not in one
instance only, but in a number of in-
stances, and with the greatest care in
making the tests. Too many people
make assertions in this matter without
any actual test, and only from a super-
ficial investigation, or, as in the case of
some grape-growers, because they are
anxious to find the bees at fault.

Test this for yourselves, and do not
depend upon any eyes but your own. It
is not Qifficult to do.

C. P. D.\DANT.

'IKeedom

Conducted by LuUis H. Scuull, New Brauusfeih, Tex.

Number of Colonies to Produce
$500.

The following question has been asked
me to be answered in "Southern Bee-
dom :"

"How many colonies will it take to
produce an income of $500 a year?
And what price pur colony will they
cost?"

The product per colony in my own
apiaries has ranged from 50 to 150
pounds for a number of years. A fair
average for southwest Texas, and for an
average number of years, would perhaps
be 73 pounds. For a period of 9 years,
of which I kept close account, the total
average of my apiaries was 66 2-3
pounds.

As bulk comb honey is produced most
extensively, with some extracted honey,
a good average price per pound would
be about 8 cents. A hundred colonies,

therefore, should, with reasonable care,
bring an income of $soo or more a j'ear.
Full colonies in frame hives range
all the way from $3 to $6 per colony,
depending a great deal upon their con-
dition and the race of bees. Box-hives,
where such have not already seen their
day, and can still be obtained, will cost
from 75 cents to $2 each. It is some-
times good policy to buy such, if they
can be obtained cheap enough, and trans-
fer the bees into frame hives that have
been obtained "in the fiat," and nailed
up by the bee-keeper himself. This is, I
believe, the best and the cheapest way to
begin bee-keeping, unless a whole apiary,
or a large number of colonies in the
hives wanted, are bought at once, A
start may also be made by buying nuclei
and then building them up to full colo-
nies. This is a cheap way of starting
apiaries, but it is rather slow for an
income the first season, unless a person
has something else to depend upon for

Feb. 7. 1907

111

American l^ee Journal k

a living. Prices of such nuclei can be
obtained from shippers of bees 'adver-
tised in the bec-papcrs.

Rains have been quite general over
the South, from reports received so far.
A good season in the ground means
much for the bee-keeper. More rains
are needed, however.

May in Texas in January

It is warm — yes, hot — weather here
the middle of January, the thermometer
registering 75 to 80 degrees through the
day, and only once or twice il went be-
low 60 degrees at night for the past
month. Agherites (wild currant), black
chaparral, and various other early-
blooming shrubs are now blossoming,
and the bees are working and roaring
at night as if it were May here in Texas.
This \vc would very much rather not
see, as the bees are rearing brood as
if it really were spring. And this, too,
more than a month earlier than I ever
saw it before. This will cause a large
consumption of stores that the bees will
be sure to need later, as February is
almost always our coldest month here.

Interchange.\ble Bee-Suppues.

A marked copy of Dr. G. Bohrer's
good article on "Home Hive-Making
and at Factories," on page 28. should
be sent to every bee-supply manufac-
turer in the United States.

I have reference to the last two sen-
tences of that article. Now I believe
that our bee-supply manufacturers want
to have their goods so that they will
at least be interchangeable with sup-
plies from other factories, but they are
not always that way, by any means.

All the Beginner Needs.

One trouble with the average novice,
he thinks he has to buy almost all he
sees advertised in the bee-supply cata-
logs when he starts with bees. So he
counts and figures on this and that
article until he runs the bill up to hun-
dreds of dollars for making a start with
only a few colonies of bees. Then he
becomes disgusted and quits right off.

Now let me tell you what I would
buy if I had only a few- bees and want-
ed to make a start : Outside of the
hives and frames actually needed for
the bees the present year, I would get
a smoker, a bee-veil, an extractor, and
an uncapping knife — that's all. I would
add a good text-book if I didn't already
have one.

A Cure for Bee-P.\ralysis.

Mr. F. J. R. Davenport, of this State,
gives this as a cure for bee-paralysis :

"Take equal parts of honey and granu-
lated sugar. Melt a pint together for
each colony that is affected. At sun-
down remove the top and pull the cloth
off and pour this warm liquid over the
brood-frames and contract the entrance.
The next morning, if it is warm, they
will come out and take a cleansing flight,
and come back to their hives all right."

I copy the above from the Dallas
News. We hardly know from the above
which Mr. Davenport considers the cure
for the disease, the mixture of sugar
and honey, or the cleansing flight. If

the latter, 1 sup|jose either alcjne would
answer, as .1 lecil of any kind will cause
bees to lake .1 llight. If the mixing of
the two sweets performs the cure, I
am compelled to say that I hardly see
the philosophy in it.

Thanks for an Article.

Mr. .Vdrian Getaz has my thanks for
kindly answering some of my questions
asked on page 704, the past season, and,
as usual, I think his answers are about
as nearly correct as we will likely get.
(See pages 1032-1033, 1906, for his re-
plies.) I am glad 1 fired those ques-
tions at Mr. Getaz for we have at least
another one of his many good articles
that we might otherwise not have had.

Rescue, Tex. L. B. Smith.

Yes, indeed, the weather has been Iwt,
and everything has seemed like spring
for the last 2 months. Indications are
that we will have colder weather soon,
and T .im fearing a late, cold spring.

.Such are disastrous to the bee-keepers.
When the stores are nearly consumed
and the bees need the flowers to re-
plenish them from, there may be none,
and the weather may be such that the
bees are kept in the hive. It is then
that the bee-keeper must look at and
watch the bees, and provide for them.
Extra protection to the outside of the
hives will also be essential at such
times. However, we shall hope for the
best.

I should be glad to have some good
short articles on "Home Hive-Making,"
from those with experience. I am sure
locality plays a big part in this matter.
If I had white pine lumber, or anything
like it, I'd make all my supplies with
a foot-power buzz-saw, but our yellow
pine lumber is hard to work, and then
it warps, checks and twists very badly.

If I were a beginner, I would not
forget to subscribe for a good bee-paper
or two. These would be almost as nec-
essary as any of the other things.

■^

I Convention
Proceedings

-it^w«aaite.»i^feB.*^.-^ -7.

Report of the Michigan State
Convention

REPORTED BY R. F. HOLTERMANN

(J. ntinued fiom pa^e ^2 )

Mr. Geo. H. Kirkpatrick read the fol-
lowing paper on:

WHY BEE-KFEPER5 SHiULD
PEUULb THEU HONEY

First, they, should do so in order to
get the largest amount of cash possible
for their product. If a product is sold
direct to the consumer, there will be
no heav}' freight bills to pay, and no
middle man to share in the profits at the
expense of the producer.

A few cents on the dollar may make
a difference between success and fail-
ure. An individual may operate a given
number of colonies and secure a fair
crop of honey. Should he sell his honey
to the city merchant at a market price
of 7 cents, he would receive for 10,000
pounds. $700. Had this individual sold
his 10.000 pounds direct to the consumer
in the country where he lives, at 10
cents per pound, it would have brought
him $1000. — $300.00 more than he got
for it in the city.

We will now see how many days one
must labor to pn-pare and peddle 10,000
pounds of hone\ . and wdiat he will re-
ceive per day for his labor. It will re-
quire 20 days ti) liquefy 10.000 pounds,
put it into pails, and label it. I think it
is fair to put the number of sales per
day at twenty lo-pound pails at $1.00
each, or 200 juiunds per day. Thus it
will require 51 > 'lays to peddle 10,000

pounds, in- 70 days to prepare and peddle
it.

Now-, if he will divide the $300.00 by
70 (the $300.00 being the difference be-
tween retail and wholesale prices) we
have $4.28 per day for labor w-hile ped-
dling 10,000 pounds of honey. The 10-
pound friction-top pails w-ill not cost
more than the 60-pound cans, for the
storage of 10,000 pounds. If we sell at
wholesale, the cans go with the honey.
If we peddle, we can reserve the pails
and gather then up on our next trip.

Style of Honey-Pack.\ge.

I use a lo-pound friction-top pail, one
size only. I have never found it practi-
cable to carry any pail with a capacity
of less than 10 pounds.

Every pail of honey should be neat-
ly labeled, the label giving the number
of pounds the pail contains, the source
from w-hich the honey w-as gathered, the
body, color and flavor. We should al-
so give notice on this same label how
to liquefy honey when granidated.

One pleasant feature of peddling
hone\- is that one becomes more wide-
ly known, and makes friends and ac-
quaintances.

Special Vehicle for Peddling.

I consider it an advantage to use a
special vehicle, neatly painted, and let-
tered, giving in full in large, plain let-
ters, one's occupation, name and ad-
dress.

Adv.\nce Notice When Selling.

As men do not generally leave money
w-ith their wives when its need is not
foreseen, 1 give notice to the heads of
families on a Rural Route, a few dayt

112

Feb. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

previous to my canvass, by mailing a
special card that I have gotten out. By
so doing it largeh- increases my sales,
as the people are expecting me.
■ Only the best quality of honey should
be sold for table use. If we deliver a
pail of honey a little different in color
or flavor from a previous sale, call the
customer's attention to it when the sale
is made.

When canvassing a new route, one
should not be too hasty. Take time to
get acquainted with customers, and tell
them something about your occupation.
Be polite, addressing all ladies and gen-
tlemen in a becoming manner. Make
friends, if possible, with all the persons
3'ou meet. Sell to them a good quality
of honey — yea, a better quality than they
can get elsewhere, deal fairly and
squarely, and success is yours.

Success in life comes from finding out
what the world wants and then supply-
ing it in a style and quality a little bet-
ter than others have done, or are doing.
The world will pay for our honey a
good, fair price, if we only do our work
well enough. Geo. H. Kjrkpatkick.

In the discussion which followed, Mr.
Muth advised asking a good price if
the goods were iirst-class, and instanced
a case where a man was making $4.00
a day (short hours) selling extracted
honey, of best quality, at 20 cents per
pound.

Mr. Kirkpatrick stated that he sold
to lumber camps and the agricultural
class entirely.

Mr. Holtermann thought Mr. Kirk-
patrick's plan excellent; he himself sold
at wholesale entirely, but the more re-
tailed by bee-keepers at home, the bet-
ter, provided a proper margin was left
the dealer. As a rule, bee-keepers did
not leave margin enough for the retail-
er. The wholesale and retail prices were
too close together, and the storekeeper
would push other goods which gave
him a better margin of profit. In the
address given, a difference between 7
and 10 cents was stated, probably about
right. In the cost, expenses on the
road and postage in notifying customers
would have to be reckoned with.
(Coutiaued next week.]

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Eating Money on Meats

Honey poured upon cooked bacon, sausage
and sonae other meats is really very palatable,
and much relished by many persons, strange
as the combination may sound. — American
Bee-Keeper.

Which recalls that some years ago a
certain small boy in this locality made
a regular practise of eating honey on
his potato.

purposes, in the making of salads and lor or-
dinary table uses, there is nothing that can be
compared to honey-vinegar.
New Auburn, Wis. Mrs. T. C. C.

My First 6 Weeks Among the Bees
in Colorado

Nothing Like Honey-Vinegar

The thousands of sisters who take
the Delineator will be rejoiced to see
an item in the February number, page
332. It appears to be an unsolicited
testimonial to the value of an article
which in probably not so well known
as it should be even among bee-keep-
ers. Here is the item :

The Use of Honet-Vinegar.

It you want some fine vinegar, pure in
quality, and very tasty, make it yourself from
honey. I sampled some honey-vinegar at a
friend's house some time ago, and I was so
delighted with it that I persuaded her to give
me her recipe for making it. Here it is:

Add 11^ pounds of extracted honey to a
gallon of water. Then keep in a warm place,
and in a few months you will be able to enjoy
your vinegar. If it is not strong enough,
add more honey, for I have made some vin-
egar with 3 pounds of the honey to the galloa
of water. While 'not suited for all culinary

A stranger, in the month of June,
passing through the beautiful valley
which lies between Denver and Boul-
der, can not help noticing the large
alfalfa fields purple with blossoms,
the roadsides and ditch-banks bordered
with the fragrant sweet clover, and
the prairies covered with the many-
colored wild-flower.s. Yet does he ever
associate with these pleasant scenes
the fact that these blossoms are the
source of the many thousand pounds
of pure white honey that are shipped
from Denver every year ?

If he is a close observer he will see
that almost every ranch in the valley
has its row of bee-hives located in some
secluded spot, and that many of these
ranches have large apiaries where the
busy little workers, during the month
of bloom, are industriously storing the
nectar which they find in great abun-
dance in these beautifully colored blos-
soms.

My brother has .5 or 6 apiaries located
in different par'^s of the valley. It is
about my experience in one of these
apiaries during the swarming season
tliat I am to tell you.

I had charge of a yard consisting of
about 80 colonies in good condition.
My prospects looked good, for my
brother promised me that if I hived SO
new swarms during the season he
would see that my financial difficulties
for the next year in the Normal school
would be at an end. Each new swarm
was worth fS.OO to him, and he was
anxious for me to save them all.

The long rows of white hives stood
in one corner of a large apple orchard.
The wide branching trees were now
loaded with little^green apples, but
earlier in the spring they had been
covered with beautiful white and pink
blossoms, and had furnished the bees
with a bounteous supply of nectar to
nourish their young. Just as the blos-
soms on the trees had changed to ap-
ples, so the tiny white eggs in their
little waxen cells had changed to bees,
and now the busy little workers were
getting ready for their life-work of
gathering honey.

As the young bees began to multiply
in the hive, the old queen must gather
her workers together and seek a new
home. It was my duty to give her an
informal introduction to the new hive.

I had often seen my brother hive
bees, and had studied about the honey-
bee in Biology, so I thought I knew all
about it and its habits. I soon found
out that I had much to learn.

The first few days I had nothing to
do but become acquainted with my
charges. It was interesting to watch
the little workers as they came in from
the fields loaded with pollen. Now and
then a big drone would come out and
buzz around, trying to make me be-
lieve he was very dangerous, but I
knew he could do nothing but scold,
and I soon got used to that.

On the third day, as I sat reading
under the shade of an apple-tree, I
heard a strange buzzing sound, and
upon looking up saw a swarm of bees
issuing from a hive not 6 feet from
where I was sitting. I hurriedly put
on a bee-veil and gloves, lighted the
burlap in the smoker, and ran to the
back of the hive to watch them come
out. They tumbled over each other in
their eagerness to get out, and it
seemed as though every bee in the hive
were going to leave it. The bees cir-
cled in the air for a few minutes, and I
anxiously waited to see where they
would cluster. What was my surprise
and delight when I saw them fly
straight to the hive I had chosen for
them, and enter their new home with-
out any assistance from me. How
proud I was of my first swarm, and
what a splendid beekeeper I thought I
was getting to be. I changed my mind,
however, during the next few weeks,
for every swarm seemed to have a new
idea about the location of its new home.
Some would settle on a bunch of
alfalfa, and I would smoke them into
the hive. Others would start out and
lose their queen in their flight, and re-
turn to their old home. When I saw
them returning I would turn the old
hive around, put a new one in its place,
and play a little trick on them in this
way. I would give them a frame of
brood from one of the first swarms,
and let them rear a new queen.

Several swarms were "foolish"
enough to cluster on a fence-post, and

Feb. 7, 1907

Amc*rican Hee Journal

113

I would scrape them down on the hive
with a honey-board. But most of them
seemed to have a fad for seeking- the
highest branches of the apple-trees. I
would mount a tall ladder, carefully
draw a large gunny-sack over the clus-
ter of bees, then break the branch off
and carry them down to their new
home in a sack. This was very ner-
vous work, but I soon learned that the
bees would not sting me if I was care-
ful with them. If I were nervous and
afraid they seemed to know it, and
were much harder to manage.

One day 2 large swarms came out at
the same time and clustered together
on the topmost branch of a big tree. I
could not reach them even with the
ladder and gunny-sack, so I shook the
branch vigorously, and bees and apples
went tumbling down. I then began to
work my smoker as hard ' as I could.
Now bees do not like smoke. These,
however, did not seem to mind it, and
were bound to cluster on that branch.
The more I shook and smoked the
more determined they seemed to be.
This rough treatment, however, made
them angry, and a number of them be-
gan to sing a wardance around my
head. One angry little bee spied a
hole in my veil, and in she flew and
stung me on the eye. Then it was my
time to become angry. It did not take
me long to get down from the tree-top.
They had won the battle. I decided to
let them hold the fort until I could get
some reinforcements.

When the men came in to dinner I
got one of them to saw the top off the
tree for me, and bring down fort and
all. My eye was swollen shut by this
time, and that side of my face was very
plump and rosy for a few days.

I put the bees all into one hive and
watched for a balled queen. I soon
found the ball. I had never had this
experience before, and oh ! how I
dreaded to put my hand down among
those bees and lift out that ball of
bees ! But I did it. My hand shook,
but they did not seem to notice it. I
found the queen, caged her, and waited
results. All was quiet in the new
home, or seemed to be until about the
middle of the afternoon. Then the
storm began. I saw them rush out of
the hive-door like mad. I thought my
swarm was going to the tree-top again.
I ran to the hive and placed the caged
queen on, the doorstep. She must have
called them home again, for they re-
turned and lived peacefully ever after-
wards.

During the whole season I received
only 3 bad stings. The swarming sea-
son is very short, lasting only about 5
or 6 weeks. During the last week the
bees had almost all stopped swarming,
and were working in the supers. Some
of the stronger colonies had the sec-
ond super half full of honey.

My brother told me that Saturday
would be my last day in the yard. I
had already hived 49 swarms, and felt
sure of another one before Saturday.
Thursday and Friday passed and no
swarm appeared. I watched anxiously
all Saturday morning, but in vain. In
the afternoon the sky began to cloud
over, and I gave up all hopes of get-
ting my SOth swarm. I gathered my
things together, ready to start home,
but before I went I thought I would go

down through the orchard and see if I
could find some ripe apples. When I
returned I noticed a commotion in the
further end of the bee-yard. I went
over to .see what was the matter. The
rain was now f.Uling and the air was
thick with bees returning from the
field, but there on one of the lowest
branches, in easy reach of a hive, was
a little afterswarm. All I had to do
was to get the hive and shake it in,
and my SOth swarm was safe I

A Little Bek-Sister.

Many thanks for the interesting
story of your experience, with the
hope that this shall not be the last we
shall hear from you.

May it not be that those studies will
be iust a little more interesting be-
cause you earned the money for them
yourself ? It's much to have so good a
brother ; and one feels like holding
one's breath for fear you might not
get that last swarm.

anadian

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Markham, Out.

North and South in Hand-Grasp

It is with pleasure I grasp the ex-
tended palm of Mr. SchoU (page 70). It
is a case of " looking up " and " stoop-
ing to concur;" factors, evidently, by
looks of splendid photograph on that
first page, that did not have to be
taken into account when Mr. and Mrs.
SchoU were considering matrimonial
relations.

sumption of stores is much greater in
the South than in the northern sec-
tions.

However, I am free to confess that
" bees flying and 80 degrees Fahr.,"
sounds pretty alluring just now ; and
from the fact that a former schoolmate
of mine is now domiciled in Beeville,
Tex., I have no doubt that if I had to,
I could manage to live there also.

Comparison of Southern and
Canadian Weather Condition

Honey from Cappings With a
Solar Wax-Extractor

So they are having summer weather
down in Texas, with the thermometer
registering as high as 80 degrees Fahr.
As I read this I am wondering if those
" roses, violets, and carnations " have
not been nipped since Mr. SchoU
penned those lines, as this past week
has been our first taste of real, severe
weather, the temperature going as low
as IS degrees below zero.

After reading aloud to Mrs. Byer the
nice things Mr. SchoU has to say about
Texas weather, I asked her, •' Now,
wouldn't you like to live in Texas?"
and the answer comes decidedly,
'Well, no; I guess not.'" Whereupon
she gives as reasons a number of ob-
jections to the South in general, among
which I might mention earthquakes,
cyclones, extreme heat, and drouths ;
snakes, fleas, and other insects too nu-
merous to catalog.

Come to think of it, I guess no coun-
try has a monopoly of all the good, or
bad things, for that matter. While our
winters are cold, we prepare for them,
for we know tliey are sure to come ;
and from an apicultural standpoint, we
don't seem to have any more trouble to
get our bees ready for the honey-flow
than do our friends in the South. Win-
ter effectually stops the ravages of the
moth, and combs that are stored away
in moth-proof boxes in November, are
secure for all time to come ; and I am
told, and can readily believe, that con-

In a letter from Mr. George Wood,
of Wesley, Ont., speaking about get-
ting honey out of cappings, etc., among
other things he says :

" I have used a solar extractor for
that purpose, but it takes a lot of time,
and in this breezy upland country it
does not always work out clean."

^r. Wood's experience is in common
with a great many other apiarists ;
and especially in wet, cool seasons like
the past few years, the solar extractor
is not much to be depended upon with-
out the use of artificial heat. As far
as I am concerned myself, since using
the press (of which more later), I have
no use for my solar extractor, as I find
it much better, in every way, to allow
the cappings to drain off all the honey
that is possible, then wash them to
secure what honey is left for honey-
vinegar. It is then only the matter of
an hour or so to melt up all the cap-
pings and run them through the press.

Cold Winter and Little Snow

Up to date (Jan. 23) we have had a
moderately cold winter with scarcely
any snow. Although a few days in
January were quite mild, yet none were
warm enough for the bees to have a
flight. Our bees seem to be affected
slightly with dysentery, judging by
signs at the entrances of some hives,
and a few colonies seem to be some

114

Feb. 7. 1907

1 "^^^c^^^pAmgrican ^ee Journal

what uneasy, flying out in unseason-
able weather. Whether this uneasiness
is caused by the bees' food being al-
most exclusively buckwheat, is hard to
say, but there is no question that a
nice, warm day (which we are not
likely to have for some time) would be
welcomed by bee-keepers in this
locality.

A nice blanket of snow to cover the
clover would also be a benefit, for,
although the clover is in no immediate
danger, if we happen to get severely
cold weather, frost penetrates very
deeply into the ground, and this condi-
tion greatly tends to produce "heav-
ing " of the alsike in the early spring.
We had no snow last winter, and if the
result of last season's honey crop is a
safe criterion, certainly prospects are
none too assuring for next season's re-
turns.

ing hand in this matter of eradicating or a dozen inspectors to help us in the
foul brood, whether we have but one fight.

Bee-Inspectors for Ontario

As will be noticed in the report of
the Ontario convention, next season
will see a radical change in methods
of foul-brood inspection for Ontario.
Whether the proposed changes will
work out well in practise remains to be
seen.

Formerly, Mr. McEvoy was inspec-
tor, with Mr. Gemmill as assistant,
who, however, was not often called
upon. This year it is proposed to have
6 men in the field, each having a speci-
fied territory to work in. At present
it is understood, I believe, that Mr.
McEvoy is to have a "say" in the
matter of selecting the other 5 men ;
also to have a certain amount of super-
vision over the work, and act as referee
in case of any disputes. However, as
far as I am aware, the Department has
not as yet definitely decided upon the
course of action to be taken.

While at the convention the Minis-
ter of Agriculture expressed the view
that there would be no difficulty in get-
ting 6 capable men to take charge of
the work ; and right here I confess to
being a bit skeptical about the matter.
In the majority of cases the men most
qualified for the work would not think
of leaving their own business and tak-
ing up the work of inspection.

One of the arguments against hav-
ing one man to do all the inspecting,
was that such work should be done
during fruit-bloom, or at other times
when honey was coming in ; and
that it was physically impossible
for one man to be at all places
where his services were required, in
these limited periods. As a matter of
fact, the same arguments hold good if
6 men are employed, for very few bee-
keepers would care to leave their yards
during a honey-flow, unless they had
competent help to leave in charge.

Of course, these views are merely
speculation on my part, and possibly
we may be surprised when we learn
who are to take up the work. At any
rate, this matter of inspection is a work
that deserves the earnest, tactful atten-
tion of the Government, and it should
be gratifying to the bee-keepers of
Ontario to know that the Department
is taking the interest it is in our busi-
ness. Certainly, every bee-keeper in
Ontario should be ready to lend a help-

Send Questions either to the ollii-e of the American Bee ..lournai, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

Ji^° Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

How Many Colonies for the Pasture ?

My bees have at least 300 acres of clover
and alfalfa within 3 miles. How many colo-
nies can I pasture to be safe? Utah.

Answer. — That's one of the very hard
thing's to say. You don't say whether you
mean red or white clover. If you mean red,
it probably doesn't count for much, while
while clover counts heavily in good years,
although some years it blooms a plenty and
yet yields no nectar. If you had said 300
acres of white clover, meaning 300 acres
solidly occupied with white clover, I should
guess that 200 colonies might get good pick-
ing. Alfalfa varies more. If it is all used
for raising seed, then it probably counts as
much as white clover. If used for hay, it
counts for less, and may count for nothing,
depending upon the times when the hay is
cut. If always cut just before it blooms, then
it counts for nothing; if cut when in full
bloom, it may count perhaps on being enough
for 100 colonies. You will easily see that as
you slate it, the whole thing is a varying
problem. It may be mostly white clover, or
it may be mostly alfalfa, and the alfalfa may
be treated so differently as to make a big dif-
ference in the amount of nectar got from it.
My guesses may not be reliable, and it any
one can give anything more reliable I will
cheerfully yield the floor.

Storing and Capping Glucose and
Sugar Syrup

I heard a beekeeper say a few days ago
that bees would not carry in glucose, and that
they could cap neither glucose nor sugar
syrup. I have supposed all the time that
they would cap any sweet they stored in the
cells. I have had no occasion to test this.
What is your experience? Illinois.

Answer. — I can give no positive answer
from personal experience, for, although, I've
done a lot of fool things with bees I never fed
glucose. I have, however, fed sugar syrup,
and had it sealed. Others have said they
could not get bees to take glucose, and I
don't remember seeing a report of any one
who had been successful in getting Oees to
store it. Even if they could be induced to
store it, it does not necessarily follow that
they would seal it. for they have been known
to till cells without sealing them for a long
time, if, indeed, they ever did.

Wood Splints for Staying Comb
Foundation

What are your splints for staying founda-
tion i How are they used?

P. E. Island.

Answer.— They are splints 1-16 of an inch
square, of basswuod or some other straight-
grained wood, about '4 inch shorter than the
distance from top to bottom bar. It would

be full better to have them touch both top
and bottom bar, hut it would be more difficult
to put them in. They are put in something
like 3 inches apart, the 3 outer ones within
half an inch to an inch of the end-bars. The
splints are put in a dish of hot wax and left
there till all frothing and bubbling ceases,
and then they are lifted, one by one, by a pair
of pincers, laid upon the foundation, which
must be properly supported upon a board,
and an assistant presses each splint into the
foundation by means of the edge of a little
board kept constantly wet. If put in while
too hot, there will not be a good coating of
wax on the splints. The foundation enters
the groove in the top bar and goes down
through the bottom-bar, which is in 3 parts,
the lower edge of the foundation being
squeezed between the 3 parts. The advan-
tage is that the comb is built down to the
bottom-bar. If, however, such a frame of
foundation be given at a time when they are
gathering nothing, the bees will gnaw a pas-
sage over the bottom-bar.

Colors for Painted Hives

Should I paint my hives all the same color?
It so, what color would you advise? I see
from reading the American Bee Journal that
some bee-keepers advise painting hives dif-
ferent colors, as one color bothers the bees in
locating their hive. Indiana,

.\nswer. — There would be some advantge
to the bees in the way of recognizing their
hives if they were of different colors, but it is
hardly necessary. Bees locate their hives by
means of surrounding objects, and except on
a bleak plain utterly without any surrounding
objects there is very little difficulty where the
hives are 5 feet or more apart from center to
center. But you can just as well have double
the number of hives on the same ground by
having them in pairs. Set two hives close to-
gether on the same stand, then leave a space
of 3 feet or more, then another pair, and so
on. Ground may be still further economized
by placing another row close to the Inrst, let-
ting the hives stand back to back.

There is probably no better color, all things
considered, than white, using good white
lead.

Changing Supers Over to T-supers-
Overstocklng

I. I am interested in the T-super. I think
it is a good one to adopt. I wish to ask if I
can make T-supers out of my 10-frame supers
(dimensioas 16x20 inches outside) to make it
pay, and how to do this the best way. lam
a novice, or was 3 years ago, and was some-
what puzzled in the American Bee Journal, as
was Mr. M. F. Soule. I think if he can have
Dr. Miller's " Forty Years .\mong the Bees,''
and read it, he will soon pick it up. At least,
I did so, and I am no scholarat all, and am ib

Feb. 7, 1907

American ISee Journal

years of age. I have had no schooling in this
country.

2. Laet year I had 21^ colonies, spring count,
and doubled them up to lit, and had 7 at home
and I2at Oak Park, 4 miles away from home.
They produced 70 and 330 pounds of honey,
respectively, so that proves to me there are
too many bees in this part of the country. I
had my queens clipped, and shook the swarms
of one on combs or foundation, and put the
brood over the still weaker colonies, and in-
creased to 2'd. I will move out to O^levie, 25
miles from here, in the spring, on a small
farm, and milk some cows and keep bees.
Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. Your supers are 16.\20 inches
outside, and if made of % stuff they are 14 '4 x-
18^4 inside. If you intend to u-e the popular
■l'4.'£4i4 section, the width of your super will
do, but the length, I8'4, is J„ too much. It
depends upon how they are made, whether it
will be easy to cut off that ,'„' and nail them
together again ; but if it is not easy, all you
need to do is to nail in one end a ^„ board.
Then if your super is any deeper than 4'. > or
4"k', it must be cut down to that depth. Pos-
sibly your supers are extracting-supers, and of
such depth that each one can be cut in two,
making two supers. Then, for each super,
you will need 2 strips of tin ",, inch wide, and
<5 staples, or else 6 pieces of sheet-iron 1x1',,
inch. You will nail a strip of tin on the bot-
tom at each end to support the sections at
each end. On the lower edge of each side,
just at the middle, will be a staple, and half
way between this and each end another staple.
Drive each staple into the lower edge of the
side, and about I4' inch from the inside, and
then bend it over, so that when the super
stands flat upon a table the staple will be flat
on the table. If you prefer to use sheet-iron
pieces instead of staples, two wire-nails will
\ hold them.

"That proves to nie there are too many
bees in this part of the country." Not neces-
sarily. If you have been in the business only
.3 years, it may be that those were 3 bad years,
and that next year will be a good year. It
may be, however, that the locality is over-
stocked, for all that.

A very nice thinu i< ground corn and oats.
Set a shallow box of it out in the sun, tipped
to one side, ami when the bees work It down
level tip it the other way. They will use out
the flne parts, anil you can feed the coarser
parts to your 4 footed stock. I wouldn't
wonder, after all, if the bees have all the pol-
len they need in the new hive now. It may
be in cells with honey over it and sealed, so
that you would not see it.

2. The right time to take out depends upon
the season. In this locality I generally take
out my bees about the time red or soft maples
are in bloom, and that may be from the mid-
dle of March to the middle of .\pril. Perhaps
you could go by the same sign, although you
are in the uorthern tier of counties in Ne-
braska, and so you are farther north than I.
So long as the bees are quiet in the cave there
is no need to hurry them out, and you need
not be alarmed at some of the bees dying, for
a good many may die from old age.

3. Honey of best quality is probably the
best thing for bees, especially when brood
is to be reared; but if you haven't that, then
syrup of best granulated sugar conies next.

Bee-Bread or Pollen In Winter-
ing Bees Out in Spring

Tak-

1. I have a colony of bees which I thought
had plenty of honey. I put them into a cave,
or outdoor cellar, on Nov. 8, 1906. I took
them out Jan. 23, as it was a very warm
day, and found a good many dead bees in the
bottom of the hive. They have 9 frames full
of comb, but the bottom half is empty nearly
half way up the frames; but I don't find any
bee-bread in any of the frames. Will they
winter all right without bee-bread, or can I
feed them anything as a substitute for iti

2. They Hew out in large numbers until 5
p.m. They carried in water till 4:30. It seems
as if the honey is partly candied in the upper
part of the frames. It is warm and nice in
the cave. Nothing freezes in it. When is
the best time to take them out of the cave
and put them on the summer stand?

3. We are up on the high table-land where
it has been very dry for a number of years.
Bees had done no good until the last 3 years.
Last year they did fine. Some took off from
some colonies 70 to 75 pounds of honey of fine
quality. What is the best to feed the bees in
case they haven't plenty of stores In the
spring to feed the young bees? Do you think
that extracted honey is better than granulated
sugar? We have had a nice winter, not much
snow, but the wind blows a good deal of the
time since the sun crossed the line in Septem-
ber. Nebraska.

Answers.— 1. Whey will winter all right
without any bee-bread, but they can not rear
brood in the spring without it. It may be
that they can get pollen as soon as they fly in
spring, and you can easily tell it they do by
seeing them carrying in loads of pollen. If
so, you need not interfere. But if they get
no pollen you can give them a substitute of
almost any kind of meal you happen to have.

be too deep. I have had bees build comb in
a \'4 inch space, although from what you say
your bees may not yet have built in such a
space. I should feel safe with a ;|-ioch
space, and likely there would be little DuUd-
ingwith a spa<e of 1 inch. My bottom-boards,
however, are all 2 inches deep; then during
the busy season I All half or more of the
space with a sort of rack, which prevents the
bees building down, yet gives them the
chance for much ventilation. In winter the
bees have the whole of the 2-inch space, which
is an important advantage.

2. I never tried it, but those who have
tried it generally condemn the practise. I
remember especially E. D. Godfrey, of Iowa,
who, some yeirs ago, suffered loss by it. The
editor of Gleanings has been trying it lately,
and reports that when the bees find themselves
imprisoned, they make such a to-do as to stir
up the whole colony. I have used wire-cloth
at entrances in winter, but it was of coarse
mesh, 3 meshes to the inch.

Proper Temperature of Bee-Cellars

On page 14, R H. Smith says the best tem-
perature for wintering bees is 45 to 48 degrees
above zero. If I remember rightly, all our
best authorities agree on 42 to 45 degrees for
the most successful wintering in cellars. I
have one Standard barometer and 3 Fahren-
heit thermometers. One of the latter is filled
with quick silver, or mercury, and the others
with colored fluids. I have all these in my
cellar, and the variation from the one that
shows the highest to the one that shows the
lowest, is 10 degrees. Upon which can I de-
pend for the desired 42 to 45 degrees which is
necessary for successful wintering of bees, as
claimed by our best authorities?

Wisconsin.

Answer.— So you're up against that mixed
matter of temperature in cellar. If there is
anything like a general agreement, it is that
the right temperature is about 45 degrees.
But, as you have found out, thermometers
vary. You will also probably And that cellars
vary, perhaps on account of difference in dry-
ness, perhaps for some other reason, so that
if the same thermometer is used in 2 cellars,
it may need to be higher in one than the
other. I don't know which of your ther-
mometers is best; and it doesn't make very
much difference, although on general princi-
ples it's better to have it correct. But here is
what you're to do: Take whichever ther-
mometer you thinU- best, and keep close watch
until you find at what degree your bees are
quietest; then keep your cellar as near that
temperature as you can. whether it be 42, 45,
48, or something else. The idea is to find at
what temperature your bees are most quiet by
your thermometer, in your cellar, no matter
what authorities say.

Space Below Brood-Frames — Wire-
Screening Cellared Bees In the
Hives

1. .\s I expect to make my bottom-boards,
I would like to know how deep an entrance
can be before the bees will build comb from
the bottom-bars to the bottom-board. I have
been using them 's inch deep, but I notice
the bees alight outside and crawl in, the same
asa'*„-inch entrance; but if 1'4 inch they
don't alight on the bottom-board, but on the
combs. It seems to me this must save quite a
little of the bees' time. Would 2 inches be
too deep?

2. What do you think of shutting bees in
the cellar with wire-screen? I use a frame
with wire-screen on both sides. I close up
the entrance with 2 small nails and a strip of
wood. I use another strip to hold all together
instead of staples. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. I don't know just how deep
a space would do, but I'm sure 2 inches would

%?porf5 an

WlntepinK Well— Cold Weather

Bees are wintering well. We had a mild
winter, with but very little snow, till about
Jan 20. We now have about 6 inches of snow,
and it is cold. On Jan. 24, the mercury was
26 degrees below zero. My last season's crop
of honey was about 4500 pounds from 63 col-
onies. C. F. Baker.

Belmont, N. Y.. Jan. 2S.

Fair Season in 1906

The past season was a fair one here. I
secured about 1350 pounds of comb honey,
which was my largest yield since keeping
bees. I took the 1st premium on a case of
alfalfa honey, 2d premium on display of comb
honey, and 3d on a case of amber honey, at
the Kansas State Fair at Hutchinson. I think
that is not so bad for a bee-keeper of only a
few years. Jso. A. Dunn.

Abbyville, Kans., Jan. 23.

Cold Snap— Material Commotion

We have had our cold snap. Yesterday
morning it was 10 degrees below zero, and
now it is 14 degrees above, with 2 inches of
snow. Bees apparently are all right.

There seems to be a commotion in the ma-
terial world-" earth shakes," floods, and
Minnesota snows. The traditional spiritual
calm seems on the " quake" also, in France.
Well, bee-keepers are a staid lot, and we can
rely on them for honey and perseverance.

Farwell, Mich., Jan. 24. T. F. Bingham.

Indians and Wild Bees

I never kept bees, but no one has had more
experience than I and not keep them. I have
tried to outdo bees ever since I can remember.
First, the bumble-bees — how to rob them and
get the honey. I have put in days, while
herding sheep in Kansas, killing bumble-bees
and pulling them in two and dropping the
big drop of honey into my mouth. But not
without stings, so you don't have to tell me
a bumble-bee can sting more than one time.

Last summer I happened to go into Indian
Territory. Stopping over night with an In-
dian family, they made the remark that if
they had some sulphur they would rob a bee-
tree. It made me "come alive," and I asked
how they did it.

To cut the tree, burn most of the honey and
all the bees, was the plan described. So I
made a smoker out of a baking-powder
can, etc., and fixed a box for them. They all

Feb 7, 1907

American lee Journal

wanted to go, children and all, and even called
4 dogs along-.

Well, I had lots of fun, but only one boy
stayed to help carry the honey, axe, saw,
wash-boiler, and a dozen other articles be-
sides a box full of bees— 60 pounds (esti-
mated) of capped-over honey.

I cut a tree and let it fall on a pile of brush
to save the jar, then I paid no more attention
to the bees. As for stings, they positively
cured me of rheumatism. I sawed close to
the hole, then split out, kept sawing and
splitting out to the comb, smoking the bees
up the hollow. Then I removed the comb,
putting the young bees and comb in the box,
and saving the choice capped-over pieces (and
I had seen pieces 3 feet long) to eat. The
broken pieces I saved for the bees to com-
mence on.

.Just one week from the time I put these
bees in this box they had tilled it nearly full
of new comb and laid eggs in nearly every
cell. I put them in 4-frame hives, cutting
out the comb and putting it in the frames.

When I went back, 3 weeks after, they had
3 more trees, and 1 found 4 trees while hunt-
ing squirrels. I put 4 of these queens in a
box the size of a suit-case, with a frame of
brood and all the bees I could get handy by
brushing them off the other frames. I car-
ried that box as a grip (I did not pay express)
3 days and nights before I got them out in
larger space in hives.

I gave each frime a new hive and spread
them by adding frames of foundation as they
needed it. I cut the trees in July. There are
8 colonies of bees now doing fine.

When I returned to see the people they
called me a " bee-man," and asked me to rob
a hive. I took out a frame of nice capped-
over honey. To see those Indians reach out
for a chunk of that honey did me good.

Do you think I could learn to be anything
of a bee-man * I sold those I carried so far
in my band, so I have no bees.

Wichita, Kan. L. Benson.

[Yes, there are encouraging signs of a bee-
keeper in you. Better get some bees and " do
business" with them.— Editob.]

"Erythema" from Bee-Stings

Dr. Miller, after giving his answer in Jan.
3d issue, says :

" If any one can help out, such help will be
gratefully received."

"Wisconsin's" wife, without doubt, suf-
fered from Erythema. It is a well-known
fact among medical men that external irri-
tants (like a bee-sting), as well as the inter-
nal administration of certain drugs, and
sometimes certain articles of food, or fruits,
will producei/t a few su.sceptible peojde the con-
dition described by "Wisconsin." I know
one person who can not eat strawberries
without bringing on the atlliction, and yet is
otherwise in good health.

In reply to the query as to whether it will
occur again, I wii. say : Yes, it certainly will
if the lady is stung again. The attack will
last from a few minutes to a few hours, or
perhaps 2 or 3 days.

Yes, there is a remedy, but as it varies with
circumstances, I will not give it for publica-
tion. The trouble can be prevented by avoid-
ing theexoitingcause-the bee-sting, or what-
ever it may be.

No, it is not advisable for " Wisconsin's "
wife to try again to work among bees. She
should avoid them. F. D. Clum, M. D.

Cheviot, N Y., Jan. 12.

Drones Flying Jan. 5

With the thermometer at 38 in the shade, I
saw 4 drones in flight. My boy caught one
with his hand in the air, and I picked another
off the grass in front of the hive. Doubtless
this is no new experience in the history of
bee-keeping, but the following facts may be
interesting:

I started my little apiary with one colony
in May, 1906. In June I took brood-frames
and started 2 other colonies by introducing

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40Ctf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERT

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
Catalog and price-list free.
W. F. & John Barnes,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

Mention Bee Joornal vrhen vrrltins*

you say it will.'
Address,

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Queens. If interested in
bees, do not fail to write us.

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American bee Journal
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HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNirE

(Name and Address on one side— Three Bees on the other sideJ

Your Name on the linife. — When ordering-, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
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The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
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proper usage.

Why Own the NoTelty Knife? — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The (iuld Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
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We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK S CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chlca)io,III.

Feb. 7, 1907

American ^ae

queens. The season was a very poor one,
but by liberal foedlDK they built up now
comb, and on Sept. 10 (which was rather late
in the season, 1 am afraiJ) I decided to ex-
periment with the Ferris system on one of
the new colonies, which was then full of
bees. I divided it into IJ divisions by a board,
and introduced an untested queen on the east
side, the hives facing south. About iJ weeks
later I examined this side and saw the queen,
but could tind no signs of eggs or larv;c. I
then fed each colony with all the bees could
take of sugar syrup.

The middle of November I bunched the
hives together, and placed a large packing
box over all, cutting away on the side about 6
inches opposite the entrances. The hives are
protected by at least 0 inches of closely packed
leaves on all sides. The board cut from the
front overhangs as a shade, so that I must get
on my knees if 1 want to see the entrances.

New Year's day was warm, and I cleaned
away a few dead b3es that were lying just in-
side the entrances. I found a young un-
hatched bee at the entrance of the hive where
the young queen had been given, and it sug-
gested that possibly she had started to lay
after my inspection.

On Jan, 5 this colony, which occupies the
east end of the row, was the lirst to send out
bees, and I suppose it was because the rising
sun, striking the east end of the packing box,
had warmed up the hive. This was U o'clock,
and an hour later the colony at the west end
sent out a few bees. The center colony made
the smallest showing of all.

Bees were Hying from both divisions of the
east hive, but the great majority were from
the one in which was the young queen. The
drones came from this. The workers dis-
ported themselves in front like nurse-bees,
and in about half an hour there were very
few outside. The drones appeared almost at
the start of the flight.

The following day (Jan. 6) the outside
temperature rose to 50 degrees, and the colo-
nies showed activity in much the same way
as they did before. However, I saw no
drones.

In "ABC of Bee Culture," Mr. Doolittle
says he has twice seen drones flying in winter
during his career, both occasions following
very heavy honey-flows, and he assumes they
had not been killed otl. I watched the
slaughter of the drones in my own hive, and
I saw none flying for weeks before the be-
ginning of winter.

For a definite conclusion as to the reason
of their existence, I feel I must wait until
spring, but, in the meantime, I conceive the
following possibilities: First, the drones
have lived since summer ; second, the queen
is now laying, but has not been mated, but
the flying bees that I examined are small and
downy, and I think they are young; third, the
queen is laying, but her first eggs were not
fertilized. To quote Kobert Burns—

" Her prentice haun she tried on man,
. And then elie made the lasses, oh."

Perhaps there may be a fourth, and even
other possibilities, but I will let men like Dr,
Miller add to their number.

Glencoe, 111. F. Dundas Todd.

Pollen and Honey in January

Bees are getting pollen and honey from
black brunh, wild peach, mistletoe, and bar-
berry; also from seedling peaches and early-
blooming pears. How is that for January?

Sabinal, Tex. Grant Anderson.

[We should think that January is pretty
early for bees to be working on the blossoms.
At this time we have nothing but snow and
ice in this part of the country. But 1300
miles south of Chicago it would be quite dif-
ferent.—Editor. I

For Missouri Bee-Keepers. — Since I
sent the call to the bee-keepers of Missouri,
in the last issue of the American Bee Journal,
to write to their Representatives and Senators

iu support of ihiu Apiary Bill, wliich has
been introduc<nl in the Senate, the Bill has
also been introduciil in the House. The Sen-
ate Bill is No. M.^>, Iho House Bill is No. MH ;
both Bills read alike, butin writing to a Sena-
tor it will be well ici name Senate Bill No, I4f),
and when writing tu a Representative, name
House Bill No, MH.

I wish to suggesi that Missouri bee keepers
write a letter to their legislators, calling at-
tention to the great need of the apiarists and
horticulturists, to liavethe Apiary Bill passed,
and then have this letter signed by all the
bee-keepers, fruit-growers, and other promi-
nent citizens who take an interest in the well-
fare of the vocations named. It will be much
easier in this way to get signatures of many
bee-keepers to these letters, than to induce
them to write the letter themselves. Bee-
keepers, do all you can. It is important that
our legislators livar from lunne.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP,

St'f. J/itisouri iSfiitf llfe-ICeepft's^ Assoviiiiioti.
4afi3 Virginia .\ve., St. Louis, Mo.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

THE TRAPPERS WORLD

I'ubllslied .Monthly hy
THE D. E. ALLVN PUBLISMINOlCOMPANY

Minnesota— The Southeastern Minnesota
Bee Keepers' Association will meet in the
Court House at Winona, on Tuesday and
Wednesday, Feb. 26 and 2", 190". Everybody
is invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec.

Winona. Minn.

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music— all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for Si. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

"Langstroth on the Honey-Bee" —

the well-known bee-book revised by the
Dadants — has just passed into another edi-
tion. There have been some 75 pages added
to it, and the whole work brought down to
date in every respect. It is certainly a fine
book, and should be read by every bee-keeper.
It is really a classic. To become acquainted
with the great Langstroth through the read-
ing of his book is no small thing. Other bee-
books are good, but there is only one " Lang-
stroth on the Houey-Bee." The latest re-
vised edition will be sold at the same price as
the one preceding, which is $1.20, postpaid.
We still have a few copies of the old edition
on hand, which we will mail at 90 cents each,
if preferred, so long as they last. We club
the new edition of this book with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year — both for $2.00.
So long as we have any copies left of the old
edition, we will send it with the American Bee
Journal one year — both for $1.80.

IJ^^ Injustice I should say that the Ameri-
can Bee Journal pk-ases every member of the
family, and all appreciate the Editor's tire-
less and punctual labors. — Thbodore Lohf,
of Col6rado.

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nal. and tell how they build their houses, mate their
fowls, manage their incubators, feed both young
and old— and, in fact, tell how they succeed and
make money. Bend for sample copy.

SUCCES^FUL POULTRY JOURNAL

iCtf 355 Dearborn St., CUICAGO. ILIj.

TiiefiDiersoDtiiuder

This Emerson stiff -board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but 75 cents; or we will send it with the
Bee Journal for one year — both for only si. 50.
It is a line thing to preserve the copies of the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding is
necessary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn street, - iHICAGO. ILL.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It snows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are uiailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only S1.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

lis

Feb. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

Make More Money

on Fruit Crops

Everyone who grows fniit, whether a largre com-
mercial (rrower. or one who has only a few fruit trees,
a berry patrJi or a pardt n, should be interested in
knowink' liow to irvt the most profit from his crops.

ST JOSEPH. MISSOUR.I

is the only nuisazine in America which is devoted ex-
clufcivelv to the interest of those who grow fruit. It is
" handsomely iliustratea. and contains

fr.jm 36 to Tfi pages each month. It tells
■til about fniit of all kinds — and nothing
hut fruit — how to jnarket, how to pack.
•uUivate. spray, prune, how to MAKE
MORE MONEY from your crops. Sample
copy Rentfree. Re^jular price isadollar
a year, and eachsubscriberisentitled t<>

a ehi ijce of any one of our series of ten

Brother Jonathan Fiuit Books— the best in existence.

Three Months Free

We are so confident The Fniit-i; rower will please you
that we willseiid it toyou tluee mouths absolutely free
If, after three months, you like the paper, we will make
you a special offer for twelve months more. If you don't
like it, notify us and we will take your nam e off the
list. The three months will cost you nothing. We offer
cash prizes for new sub>^*Til>ers — write for particulars.
Write yourname and address in lilanks below ; mail to

The Fruit-GrowerCo.,Box 15,St.Joseph,Mo.

I accept your FREE three month's trial otfer. At
end of three months I will either pay for a yetLr's sub-
scription or notify you to stop paper. In either event
there is to be NO charge tor the three months' trial.

Name

Route or P. 0. Box No

StJte^

For Sale

Mention Bee Journal vrhen wrltlns.

1:0 Colonies in new 10-
frame hives, 3 yard?, 3
houses, and larg-e tent
at home. Complete extracting- outfit. New
wagon and good horse. Best equipment to be
found. 11,000 ponndslast year. Bargain toclose
partnership. MURREY & BULL.
127 So. Howes, or 511 Stover St.. Ft.ColUns. Col.
6A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

MAKE GOOD inONEY

In I'nullry business. Others do It.

Whv Dot youf Our bigillustmted

book, '-I'rotitable Poultry." tells

how to breed, hatch, feed, g:row

and market to make lots of money.

Stalls you on the road to suceess.

I)escribe3 most wonderful PouJtiy

Farm in the world— :J2 kindsof fowls.

Gives lowest prices on fowls, epgrs,

Incubators, evtiything for Poultrj'.

Mailed ini 4 cents in postaRt. Berry's

'oultry Farm, Box 72, Clarinda, Iowa.

nfentlon Bee Journal when Tvrltlne-

Best No. 1 Sections rW4.n'^ur;, ^sc

le?s. Discrunts on Dan 7. and Riot's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees
for sale.

6A14t

H.S.Dubu, St.flnneJII.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

EGG

[

bones
eatalo;,
Wilson Bros,

MAKING

ia a hen's natural work. Ctit
bone is the raw material she
needs to make her
lav an egg a day. A
CROWN BONE dUT-
TER wiU prepare
the fond from scrap ;
_ ■, easily. Write for
tells about the Crown.
Box bl8, Easton, Fa. :

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers will be ready
early in April.

Carnlolans, Italians and tioldens

Equal to the best, rejrardless of price. Prices :
Tested, each, $1 00 ; dozen, $10.00. Untested,
each, 50 cts. ; dozen, $.t 50.
6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal, Texas.

|Write Me
jA Postal

1 For a Price

: Buy — "Quote me prices on your

': Split Hickory Vehicles." That's

.■ all you need to do. I will send

i you free my big 1907 SpIitHiekory

.■ Vehiile Book. It is bigger tind

: better this year thnn ever bofore,

.- and contains photofrraiihs of over

; 125 S|iUt Hickory A't-hicles— iilso

:' photographs of ti full line of hiyh-

Krade Harness. I will quote you

direct prices from my factory. which

^'ill sav.- \ou from 30% to 507c on

High Grade Split Hickory Buggies.

Sell Direct to You on

30 Days'
(FREE Trial

My big Buggy Book gives all

/ Ki Tills of buggy information —

how high -grade Iniggies are

nm<le. howth.y are ur'holstered.

how they are trimmed, how they

^ nro painted. It tells the whole

bui-'gy story.

Split Hickory Vehicles are guar-

' antood for two years.

My ll):)7 Split Hickory Special Top
Buggy has, more exclusi''e features
than any other buggy on the market—
40/,'-. moro.

I run Olio entire factorv for the exclu-

' sive manufacture of this siiecial buggy.

All Split Hickory Vehicles are mutle to

order. gi\ing >ou choice of finisli, and

other options. Addres^^

Write —

R postal
t o d a ^ —
NOW. while
you think
' about it.

TRAINLOAD OF BEE SUPPLIES

,;;r:r- EtsTRjOUTE TO

A.dvWOdDMAN CO.

SEE THIS!

The Modern Farmer S -25

Gleanings in Bee-Culture 1-00

Inland Poultry Journal 50

Kimball's Dairy Farmer 50

$2.25

OUR PRICE $1.10

Better do it now.

Ask for other combinations. We can du-
plicate any offer made, and frequently go
them one better.

Modern Farmer and Busy Bee

ST. .JOSEPH, MO.
Mention Bee Journal when wrltlngt.

Queens

^ir The tnnest in the land from
/*'l-';"/ft Daniel WtiRTB & Grant.

/ Wij i 3 Banded, Red.Clover,
/ a )\ and 5 Banded Goldens.

^3-x'/ The Goldens tooit First

WS'' Premium at every Fair they

were exhibited last year. .

Prices :-Untested,.«l. 00 each; Tested, $loO
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

E^= Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6ESt

B.><>-Wuppli<^H and Berr\-Koxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee keepers, club
together, send nie li^t of (roods wanted, and let me
quote you prices, 1 give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for *'atalog-

6Etf W. J. McCAKTV, EmmetsbUfK, Iowa.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and Oae-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE— a year's subscription
withi order amounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32page Illustrated Catalog-
free.
W. D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, Hich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

6 H.-P. boiler and 4 H.-P. engine on one
base. The engine is the double cylinder West-
inghouse. The boiler burns a gallon of kero-
sene oil per hour for fuel.

.50 Welsbach-light gas-machine, 100 Wels-
bach-light gas-machine. These generate gas-
oline into gas; this gas can be used for fuel-
gas on ranges; it will illuminate your resi-
dence and workshop.

One 15 H.-P. fire-box or locomotive boiler.

One 10 H.-P.center-crank engine.

One 10 H.-P. vertical boiler complete com-
plete.

One 4 H.-P. vertical engine.

Peerless milk separators, from 350 to 1000
pound capacity per hour.

The gas machines to be exchanged on honey
for the coming season.

M. C. GEHL CO., Milwaukee, "Wis.

4Etf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

English Evergreen Hedges.— Beauties
they are. Once in a while they are seen in
America, especially in the older settled por-
tions. They're useful, too. If allowed to
grow quite tall they make a valuable wind-
break. It doesn't cost much to get the first 4
trees. 600,000 sample evergreens have been
reserved by the Gardner Nursery Company,
Osage, Iowa, to send fref to property owners
who write them. Here is a good way to gets
start. Mention the American Bee Journal
when writing.

Feb. 7, 1907

119

American Jiee JonrnaJj

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
[or 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American liee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers. 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFGXO.

JAWESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years. J

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen wrlttns*

4- ^cc5tpax-f

=^

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late wiater de-
mand is id evidence lor comb honey to replace
dimiaished stuck laidiaduiing- iheautumaby
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very Utile change* if any, in
prices, the offerings ^eing light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings 15@16c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull aud range in price frum
10@l2c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but ihere is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about He, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from oW'T^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. S.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@l3c. Fancy white extracted, 7M@8 c;
light amber, 6^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New Yore, Jan. 16 —The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on Prices are firm, a-^d we quote
from 15(&il6c f:)r fancy white; IVn 14c for No. 1;
12c for light amb-r. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di •
posed of before long at present price?, which
we quote from 10^12l*, according lo quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient suo-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@S!^c; light amber, 7J^c; am
ber, 6^@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at Udib^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 5Sfa'70cper gallon, acco'ding
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRBTH & SrOBLKBN

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stuck fur HIIIT now (in lianl.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FROM ME.

Cataloi; mailed free.
Send for same.

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

IjAWS, and t;Al C'ASIAl^S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

bred in separate apiaries,
the4iiOI.I>fi::\ VEI.-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denver, Jan. 5. —There is practica'ly no
honey left in the hands of pre ducers in this
State, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply th» home trade unlil spring. We
quote strictly No 1 white, per ca«e of 24 sec-
tions, at %3 20; No. 1 light amber, $3: and gocd
No. 2. at $2 St. White extracted, s aSl^c; light
amber, 7^i(a»Sc. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

Thk Colo. Honbt-Producers' Assn

Cincinnati, Jan. ''—The comb boney market
at the present is very quiet. Holders ate not
trying to realiza a profit, simply disposing nf
wh^t they have, at cost. Fancy comb honty is
selling at H^^lbc. Extracted amber honey in
bai rels, 6^7c: fancv light amber in cans, ~((i8c;
fancy white, "^j. Strictly choice beeswax, 30c,
delivered here. Thb Frkd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3. — cnmb honey is not
plpn'ifuU but demand is slack. Fancy white
Lomb brings I6@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'cH3c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
S(a)Oc: amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30 —The market on comb hon?y
remains about the same as last q notations, but
has been coming ia much more ireely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fmcy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7Jic; cans the same. Beeswax. 26f<t23c.

Thb Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb
honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jbbing
wa^s from 14@l4!i4c; single cases 16c for No. 1
white; off grades not wanted at any prcei Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
f>(abl4c; white clover in barrels, 7j^c; in cans,
Hh^z. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C. H.W. Whbbr.

Kansas City, Jan. 25— The receipts of comb
honey have been ao-^e liberal during the last
week or two, and tbe demand light, market
weaker. The market is practically bare of ex-
tracted, and there is quite a little inquiry. We
quote: No. 1 white cnmb, 24 sec. cases, f3,10;
No. 2, f2.75; amber, $2.^0, Extracted, white,
756(g8c; amber, t>>6(?7c. Beeswax, 27c.

C. C. ClemonsA Co.

FENCE SaX^'

Madeof High Carbon colled ^Ire. We
have no agents. Sell direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.
"We pay all freight. Cata,!<jK sbows 37

Btvlesand belKntsof farm and poultry
fence. It's free. Buy direct. Write today

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

Box pp WINCHESTER. INDIANA.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, .?3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

^C Cncoc Amberand
I D VXlhyJO Buckwheat

GomD Honey

(24 fee. to case; S2.30 per case; White Comb,
S2 To per case.

BEES AND QUEENS in season. Can
furnish bees on Danzenbalser or Simplicity
frames. Free Circular.

ai3IRIN-THE aUEEN-BREEDER

5A2t Bellevue, Ohio

Mention Bee .IniirnHl ivhen vrrltlne.

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Miohisan

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, Hive*,
Foundation, etc., as we can save jon time and
freight Beerwax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT « SON.

Bbll Branch, Watnb Co., Mich

HONEY AND BEE5WAX

When consi^lng^, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHITE CI^OVER HOMEf, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and ail iibout It, in first letter.

C. N. Scott 8 Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

29Atf

Catalog Free

lOOl East Wash. Street, IKUIAIVAPOEIS, I.^ilK

120

Feb. 7, 1907

I American ^ee Journal

m^

DADAST'S FOUI^MTIOB

.^IT EXCELSi^

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, " Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. \YHY? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST

COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's— get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.
Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember vou take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.

Agents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. |

IMentlo I Bee Journal when wrltlnc.

#

niTKBNC ^^ uniting swarms lUlTr-I pi
yUCCnS from lOOo colonies l.iUWl.,El
I will sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Queea, 25c; d02.,$3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2-frame, $1.50: 3-f rame, « 75

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff, Calif.
Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen vrrltlnc

' It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Our Discounts on

I BEE-SFPPLIES

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternatins Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ?

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker 7 If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRETGttMER MFG. CO., Gouncil BluHs, Iowa.

1

I

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. llth Street, Lincoln, Neb.i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

O^

p We will Buy and
1 Sell

»j»

HOTJEI

^It of the different grades and kinds, ^g
^n It you have any to dispose of, or if fug.
^mt you intend to buy, correspond ^S

SM

with us. i^g

We are always in the market ^§

Beeswax |

at highest market prices.

^ Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwicb Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

!e«t

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen vrrltlns.

'' Xhe continuous advertiser
{gets the bulk of the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

47th Ye ar

^-!

FEBRUARY 14, 1907

Number 7

M

E Journal

%\./

!r__

U

Mr. L. A. Smith and Colony of Black-Carniolans, Dr. G. Bohrer, of Kansas, with Bouquet

with 132 Pounds of their Honey. Received at the San Antonio

(See page 126) Convention.

/ ''#?'^'

^I?^i?!^

%i

■■<.%.<:a

Apiary of VV. 0. Victor, of Texas, Wrecked and Ruined by a Bear.

TWENTY PAQE NUMBER

Feb. 14. 1907

American Hee Journal

PUBLISHED VTEEEXT BT

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

TTTTP SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Of this Journal la
Sl.(H) a year, in the United States. Canada, aod
Mexico; all other countries In the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end ot the month to wbicb your subscription ispH'.J.
Kor instance, '•dee()7"on your label shows that it ia
paid to the end ot December, 19U7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt fur money sent us to pay subscription, but
chanpe the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
thai the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing- less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times
13 " .
26 " .

52 " .

. .. S per cent
...10 "
. . . 20 "
...30 "

Space Discounts.

lOOlines... Spercent
500 " ...10 "
ICiOO " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t,— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riahts.

ad.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. Fkance, Platleville. Wi*

|y If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
ubhehers oi ibe American Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTE Queen-ClippinB
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREK as
a premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00 ; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
' aEOROE W. YORK & CO., '

- CHICAGO, ILu.

The San Antonio Convention Pic
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only SI. 40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Special Bargains

n^ in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman

^ BROOD-FRAflES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.
^^ We are enlarging our Factory and all of these goods have to be

j^g moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by

S^ writing us at once, and we will make you delivkhed prices that

^^ will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not

^§ keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard.^ Quality and

^K finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the

^» apiary, and can save you money and delay at any time of the season,

^g Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers

A^ and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund

^^ the money.

I Minnesota BeG-Keepers' SuddIu Go.

IP JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

S^ Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diiimer's CoinD Foundation

Why do thousaods of bee-keepers prefer it to otner makes?

Because the bees like t bast and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKINfi WAX for CASH and
for full line ot Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free CataloK and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

DPON THE

GBEATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the Natiokal Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

400 West 23rd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.

35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
Bale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-buttoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and i buttona
for $1.10. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILI.

Marshf ield Goods

When you buy those goods you can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal ffiiTiS*

Feb. 14, 1907

THE BEE-KEEPERS' SOUVENIR POSTAL CARDS

OwCNT touKC m HONEY.
And ch[[r this ionely mcart?
For I wooLD Huo too all the Tint ^

And Wt WOULD NEVED PARI

^— BEAR TO

^ LOil

are jiisi the tiling.

We send them by Return Mall.

As most of our rcmiers know, we have gotten
out a Souvenir Postiil (Jard for beekeepers. The
cuts herewith show the card in reduced size, and
but one color, while the real card is printed in 4
colors. It could also bo sent to honey-customers,
to reiriud them that il is time to buy more honey,
etc. There are many uses to which this Card can
be put.
Prices— postpaid : Ij cards for 10 cents (stamps

» — ro.«-B °^ silver), or 5 fkee with the American Bee Jour-

nal one year at ?1 (JO; 10 for 25 cents. There is a ' ""

blank space on the card about 2x2,' ^ inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

■Cr73i.,*kw"^0«">^ -ou KE r-rr HONEr

AjO CkHR this lO^tir nCABT?

Fop 1 woou> Hoo tcu Ainx irt-j

And wt WOULCl ttVlK RAM

..2>--.

^^SS3

-r A.a

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable dis-
tance ot Chicago can save Ironi 35 t<» ."JO per-
cent on almost any supplies needed next season,
by coming to Chicago and taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

CS^ Send for lisiit ot Sligfhtly l>ani-
a^ed (wouds Iw welect from al Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60- pound cans for sale.

n. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

(Not Inc.)

Lonf Distance Telephone, North 15S9. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO ILL

(three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

For Sale

ISO Colonies in new 10-
frame hives, 3 yards, 3
houses, and large tent
at home. Complete extracting outfit. New
wagoo and good horse. Best equipment to be
found. 11, 000 pounds last year, bargain to close
pattrership. MURREY & BULL.
127 So. Howes, or Sit Stover St., Ft.Collins. Col.

6A2t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Catalogue.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrstH^Iaes hatchers made.
e£0. H. STAHL, Qnincy, UL

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder"

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at, Root'sfriGes

Everything^ used by Bee Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .-. Catalog Free.

BEESWZAX \A^AINITED

. J P?^ highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being

^1!''?, 1° *,"1'^'' ^°"l ''^™® '° ^^^ package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it to you. -■ s s =

Write for prices on Finest Extracted Honey. Certificate guaranteeing purity with
every shipment. e. r j .-"

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

on early
orders for

Supplies...

WALTER S. POUDER

ol»-i>I5 MassacUusetts Ave., - II«I»IA.^AHOI.IS, 1]\I>.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 ap.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN.

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlns.

If you want the Bet-»ouK

T>iat covers the whole Apicnltural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Discount* to the Trade.

Best No. 1 Sections r,^T:l1-^l ^

less. Discounts on Danz. and R loi's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

'""'" H.S.Dubu,Si./\nne,lll.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial atone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foundation made easily and
Quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press (or L. frame
sheets, «2.00. Other sizes, 25 ceats extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, IJ.SC, any sizs wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

«Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen wrltlna;.

Notice to Illinois Bee-Keepers. — We

have received the following from the Secre-
tary of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which should be of interest to every
bee-keeper in Illinois:

The annual membership fee in the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association is .SI. 00, and
by arrangement the National Association al-
lows the members of other associations to
come in a body through the secretaries at 50-
cents per member. Having received letters
from many who were already members of the
National, we have resolved to accept such in
the Illinois State Association {who already
have membership in the National) at 50 cents.
This will entitle them to a cloth-bound copy
of the 6th Annual Report, which will soon be
ready for the press. Those who come in be-
fore March 1, will be in time to get their
names in the Report, in the longest list the
State Association has ever had. And further,
we have about 100 beautiful badges that will
be given out to the members joining before
they are all gone. Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

Rt. 4, Springfleld, 111.

124

I ^4^^^=^

Feb. 14, 1907

American Vee Journal

Trade Notes. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.

Gasoline Engines. — in the article

found on page 87 of the American Bee
Journal for Jan. 31, reference is made
to the use of gasoline engines for hive-
making. These are very useful in
every shop and on every farm. Send
for particulars of our $60 engine for
this purpose. We have a complete en-
gine and 8 frame extractor ready to
run, for $100. This may be found on
page 25 of our 1907 Catalog.

Danzenbaker Prize Competitipn.-

We again reter to the Prizes mentioned
in these columns for the last few
weeks. Please turn to page 84 and read
the same, and read the following from
a Cleveland honey-dealer which is rep-
resentative of letters we receive from
the honey-trade in all parts of the
country :

Mr Calvert— Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 26, 190—
i)ear Sir .-—Send me by next Electric Pack-
age Car, cases of 30 sections each, Extra

Fancy Comb Honey. These must be Danzen-
baker sections, as I cannot use any other

In the Fancy Clover at 17 cents, about half
of the sections were fine, while the other half
had hollow spaces around the edge, and some
empty cells. Yours very truly,

Theodore F. Ensign.

There is no question but that it pays
bee-keepers to produce Extra Fancy
Honey, and with Danzenbaker sections
you should obtain

More honey.

Better Honey,

Higher Prices.

Catalogs.— Our 1907 catalog is now
ready tor mailing and a large number
are already in the hands of our bee-
keeping friends. If you haven't re-
ceived a copy send us a postal card
request for the same. When you do
this kindly mention the number of col-
onies of bees you keep.

Dealers' Terms.— We have found

that It is to the advantage of bee-keep-
ers generally if some one of their num-
ber will collect orders and send in to
us, saving each party a good deal of
trouble and making it a convenience
by keeping a stock of goods on hand
for the swarming time. To parties who
do this we make special prices. If you
handle bee-keepers' supplies for your
neighbors, write us for our special
terms, but do not expect to get special
terms unless you give us in your letter
some information regarding the
amount of business done so that we
may know you are entitled to special

terms.

^

Seeds of Honey Plants.-For many

years Mr. A. 1. Koot has devoted much

time and attention to this matter. We
have fair stocks on hand, and shall be
glad to send prices to any one inter-
ested.

^

Beeswax. — ^^ ^'^^ paying 30 cents
in cash, 32 cents in trade, for pure
average wax delivered at Medina or
our branch offices. Jobbing agents for
the most part are allowing the same
prices. Do not make the mistake of
holding your wax too long, expecting
higher prices, for it usually declines
shortly after the arrival of the spring
offerings.

Ohio Maple Sugar and Syrup.-For

many years we have each spring sup-
plied quantities of maple sugar and
syrup to our friends all over the coun-
try. We do not carry much stock on
hand, and in order to get some of this,
it is necessary that we have your in-
quiries and orders at once. There is
a good prospect for a fair season with
good quality of syrup and sugar. We
can not name definite prices, however,
until the season is open.

•*■

Observation Hives.— We did a large

business the past season in observa-
tion hives. The Bigelow observation
hives have also an increasing demand.
We recently sent 4 to Argentine and 2
to South Africa. The Pearl-Agnes
hive is also arousing a good deal of in-
terest. Particulars of all of these may
be had on application.

•*■

Bees and Queens.— We have pre-
viously mentioned the importance of
obtaining good breeding queens. Be
sure to send any orders for these early
so that you may have a good selection.
We recently had the report of safe ar-
rival of 5 colonies shipped from Medina
to Buenos Aires, Argentine.

Hotbed Sash.-The sash are of reg-
ular size, 3 feet 2'i inches by 6 feet, for
4 rows of glass 8 inches wide. If any
prefer larger glass we will furnish sash
for 3 rows of 11-inch glass at the same
price. Made of cypress. These sash
are usually shipped from here "knocked
down" at a low rate of freight, and can
be put together by any body, as they
are mortised and tenoned in the regular
way. They are l>i inches thick, out-
side bars about 2)4 inches wide, and
inside bars about 1'4 inches. The bars
are grooved to slip the glass in place.
Price of one sash in the flat, for sam-
ple, without glass, 90 cents ; 5 in flat,
85 cents each ; 10 in flat, 80 cents each;
put together, 10 cents each extra.
Glass, 8x10, just right for the above,
$3 per box of 90 lights ; S boxes, $2.90
each ; 10 boxes, $2.80 each.

Catalogs for Supply Dealers.- if

you intend to issue a catalog ot sup-
plies, or bees and queens, or have any
other job printing done, we shall be
glad to quote you prices. With our im-
proved facilities for doing this work
and the large number of cuts we have
for illustrating, we are probably better
prepared to take care of any orders sat-
isfactorily than any local printing of-
fice could be. We solicit your inqui-

Gleanings Advertising Columns.—

If you think of advertising supplies,
bees and queens, or any other goods
suitable for our columns, or want to
run a classified advertisement of any
suitable character, we shall be pleased
to give you information regarding the
cost of any size advertisement for any
length of time. We have some very
flattering reports from those who have
used Gleanings the past year.

Clubbing Offers. — For those who

haven't placed tneir orders for the sea-
son's reading we can still make some
very low prices. We refer you to the
offers made on this page for January
3rd. If you do not have that issue,
write us for our premium and clubbing

list.

■*■

Weed Process Foundation. — in-
creased interest is shown in the use of
full sheets of foundation in brood-
frames and sections aswtll, and when
these are used it is all the more im-
portant that the best be selected ; not
only that a light weight may be had to
save expense, but the best for the de-
sired use should also be considered.
There is every reason for using Weed
Process Foundation. We shall be glad
to send you samples of our make at
any time, with prices on any order
from one pound to a ton. A single
dealer using 3 tons of this, and giving
us his renewal order, is the best evi-
dence of the value of our make.

Section Honey-Boxes. - We have

long been headquarters for section
honey-boxes, and yet if you are not ac-
quainted with our product we shall be
pleased to send you samples showing
the same. We do not attempt to com-
pete with those who solicit their trade
on the basis of price only, but even
with cheaper goods ours will be found
the least expensive in the end. A cer-
tain well-known dealer bought a car-
load of cheap sections, and we are reli-
ably informed that he was obliged to
return nearly the entire lot to the fac-
tory. Do not make the mistake of buy-
ing cheap goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the PostOfflce at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEOKGE VV. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 14, 1907

Vol. XLVII— No. 7

.XJ7:".'»-'-'-,-^>ii..' t-

editorial Motes
and Comments

,x'

Cleaning Sections— Answering Ques-
tions

We have received the following from a
California subscriber;

Editor York :— Kindly read " Colorado's "'
question No. 2, on page 7S6 (1906), and you
will see that it says, verbatim:

'* How many cases of 24 sections does your
best hand clean in a day? What should be
an average day's work for an average hand,"
etc.

Then read Dr. Miller's answer. Do you
discover either in the one or the other the
mention of T-supers? True it is we all, or
nearly all of us, who read bee-papers have
noticed that Dr. Miller is a great defender
and advocate of the Tsuper system, but the
misunderstanding of us here comes from the
simple fact that in this part of Southern Cali-
fornia we are working nut the T-super, but
the section-holder style. The Colorado in-
quirer did not speak of the style of supers,
and Dr. Miller (being a T-super man) did not
think that there are also other (unfortunate)
bee-keepers who work the section-holder style.
This, I think, you will admit to be clearly the
cause of the controversy.

But, if Dr. Miller " as the great experienced
bee-authority" is addressed to give an an-
swer, it seems to me that he should have an-
swered it a trifle more to the point; that is,
he should have said, for instance: "The aver-
age work for an average hand with T-supers
is so much; and the same for section holder
supers— it is so much." That, at least as far
as I cin understand, would have been just as
easy for him as the answer given, and would
have been hitting the nail fully. It is true
that the Colorado questioner uses in his first
question the word "you," but in his second
question he does not do it. And, as said be-
fore, around here — and I think almost gen-
erally in our bee-region, where section honey
is produced — there are but few who work the
T-super. That, at least, has been my experi-
ence, and, to be frank, I very much regret it
now, that my first " bee-instructor " was not
in favor of the T-supers, and when I started
the present apiary here, I had to take a certain
amount of stock over in section-holder supers,
and you know two kinds don't work well in
an apiary. I gladly would now adopt the

T-supers, even if the outlay for honey-boards
is rather an item when it goes beyond the 100
and last year's dreadful failure does not ease
matters for me.

Now, will you please tell me what is con-
sidered an average day's work by an average
hand to clean sections from section-holder
supers;

Ves, we have had, so far, IS'-j inches of
rain, more — far more — than does us any good ;
and having fallen so early in the season, we
have our doubts about a good honey-year, as
former experience has shown us that early
rains usually do not do any good if not fol-
lowed up by late rains, in April and May.
And though copious rains {'i^.i inches) fell 9
weeks ago, and ever since followed up by
alternating rains and cloudy or half-way
clear days, there is no growing of grasses,
shrubs, or the fields to amount to anything,
because it has been far too cold weather.
Manzanita is in glorious bloom, but hardly
any nectar formed. California.

San Diego Co., Calif., Jan. 18.

P. S. — The possibility — better say, fact —
that by the T-super system 24 sections can be
cleaned easier than one section by our section-
holder system, would be most assuredly an
inducement for nie to adopt the T-super. Un-
fortunately, I have over 250 supers on hand,
yet I would not mind the labor if an easy,
practical way to change them to the T style
could be pointed out to me.

Of course. Dr. Miller would be Vie man who
could give me all needed information, only
the fact is present that he does not answer
letters by mail, and it takes so dreadfully
long a time to get his answer (and then only
in condensed form) in the American Bee
Journal. And time is short if a change is to
be made. You see that here I sit in a pre-
dicament hard to solve. Please, Mr. York,
kindly give your prompt attention to this
matter, and if there is a chance to come to
my assistance, theu do so.

Jan. 21.— For :3 days we have had— to our
surprise — our genuine old California weather,
with the sun in a cloudless sky, and we appre-
ciate it, after the terrible siege. O.

Undoubtedly it did not occur to Dr. Miller
that any misunderstanding would be in the

case of his reply, page 78B, and you will see
that, as always, he tries to answer the par-
ticular case in hand. In fact, the trouble in
the present case is that he did that very thing.
The question as to " your best hand " was
asked and distinctly answered, and in the
nature of the case It could have reference
only to the T-super. Then the question as 10
"an average hand " as compared with " your
best hand" could only be answered by re-
ferring to the same kind of super. Moreover,
in Colorado many T-supers are in use, and it
is not impossible that "Colorado" was a T-
super man. With all this, it would have
made it clearer to some if it had been men-
tioned that he was speaking of T-supers, and
Dr. Miller will no doubt regret, when his at-
tention is called to it, that he had not so men-
tioned.

But are you not a little in error when
you think that, in addition to answering the
question asked. Dr. Miller should have an-
swered some others that were not asked ? If
he had, as you suggest, answered with regard
to section-holder supers, then those who use
some other kind of supers would expect an-
swers, and his effort is to answer the ques-
tions asked, and not all the different ques-
tions that a number of others might ask but
have not asked. You are surely in error in
thinking that answering all these other ques-
tions he would have answered " more to the
point." He answered specifically, and directly
to the point, the question asked, and the way
is open for any one else with any different
questions to send them in without expecting
Dr. Miller to anticipate them.

The delay in getting into print the reply to
your letter (which is learned from your letter
to Miss Wilson, which she has sent in with re-
ply to part of it) is greatly to be regretted. It
is an unusual, perhaps unparalleled case. Dr.
Miller is always as prompt as possible, and it
is a rare thing that he does not send answers
within a week after receiving the questions.

Replying directly to your question, and
basing the answer somewhat on the aaswer
Miss Wilson has sent in, an average hand,
under average circnmstances, might be ex-
pected to clean something liKe 1000 sections a
day of sections from section-holders.

It is to be regretted that you did not ex-
plain what you mean by the outlay for honey-

126

Feb. 14 1907

American ^ee Journal

boards to be used with T-super6, for at least
Dr. Miller does not use honey-boards.

With regard to changing to T-supers, you
should not forget that there are those who
dislike them as much as Dr. Miller likes them,
and he would probably advise that you go
slow about changing till you know they
would suit you. It is possible, too, that the
supers you have might be changed to T-
supers. Whether this be so or not depends
upon the measurements of the super you now
have. If you should think of making any
such change, it might be worth while to give
Dr. Miller the exact inside measurements of
the super you have, and you may rely that he
will take pleasure in advising what may be
done in the case. Also he should know the
kind of sections you want to use in said T-
supers. ^

Carnegie and the Bee

Carnegie is reported as saying in an address :

" Don't interfere with the bee when it is
making honey ; but when it is through, take
a big share of the honey.''

Which is equivalent to saying : " Don't in-
terfere with a man like Rockefeller, when he
is accumulating a ' swollen fortune,' but
when he is through with it let an inheritance
tax take a share of it."

That's hardly fair to an honest bee, which
doesn't get its honey by trickery from other
bees, but by honest toil, leaving the way en-
tirely open for other bees to do the same.

A New Kind of Bees (?)

When the veracious reporter can find noth-
ing else to romance about, he betakes himself
to the " busy bee." The latest is a clipping
sent by Irving Long, with the comment :

Editor York:— Notice the new kind of
honey-bees. How much some folks know,
that they don't know at all. Notice how he
introduces his bees. Seems to cross the work-
ers of one kind with the workers of the others.
Guess he has hold of some hornets.

Irving Long.

The clipping, which has also been kindly
sent to us by others of our readers besides
Mr. Long, reads in part as follows:

Captain John Holder, who lives in a cabin
in the Arbuckle Mountains in Indian Terri-
tory, believes he has discovered a new kind of
honey-bee, and he is trying to cross it with
the ordioary bee.

" It is a strange mongrel honey-maker.
They appear to be a mixture of gray coated
bumble-bees and yellow-striped honey-bees.
Most of them are as large as Italian queen-
bees. They gather honey and deposit it in
honey-balls in holes which they excavate in
the ground. The honey-balls, or sacks, con-
sist of a waxy substance, and are about as
thick as morocco leather. Nearly every sack
or cell contains about a half pint of the
sweetest honey imaginable.

" I have been experimenting with the new-
found honej -gatherers. I have been trying
to tame them so that they will mix and live
with my civilized bees. The new-comers are
curiously inspected by the old settlers in the
hollow stump or bee-gums. Often a terrific
battle takes place. Then, very often, the
aristocratic bees enter into amiable relations
with the new-comers by letting them crawl
into their hives. I am watching this cross-
breeding process with keen delight, and will
continue to introduce as many of the mon-
grels as I can capture. I think that, like
Burbank in the vegetable kingdom, I may

succeed in producing a new and more profit-
able honey-bee than is yet known to the
world."

Ought not the Government to take hold of
this matter? But instead of trying to cross
these bees with every-day bees, why not keep
them in their purity? Then, instead of fuss-
ing with sections, extractors, etc., the honey
might be sold in "original packages'' — half-
pints. Could these bees not be trained to
have their holes in the ground in straight
rows? Then one could in the fall plow out
the balls of honey.

"Please Answer in Next Number"

That request is not infrequently made by
those who send in questions to be answered
in "Dr. Miller's Question-Box," a request
not often easily complied with. It takes time
for a letter to travel through the mail, time
to write the answer, time for the compositor

to set up the type, time for an edition of the
paper to be gotten ready for the mail, and
time for the paper to reach its destination.

Then, too, it must be remembered that the
time in the week has something to do with it.
A letter may come just in time to get in with
a certain batch of questions, and another let-
ter, not 12 hours later, may have to be an-
swered in the issue of a week later. It is the
constant effort to have questions answered as
soon as possible, but from the foregoing it
win be seen that an answer in the next num-
ber that appears after mailing a question is
asking a good deal of Speed.

It is well that questions be sent in as early
as possible, for sometimess a question is sent
in urgent haste which could just as well have
been sent in a month earlier. Also it may be
well to mention that when a question is sent
direct to Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111., it
stands a chance for an earlier reply than when
sent to this office.

fleijjs -Items J

Mr. Victor's Bear-Wrecked Apiary

is pretty well shown on the first page. Sir
Bruin's picture was also taken as he reclined
with head on a bee-hive. It was the last apiary
that bear ever helped to ruin.

But what awful devastation was made of it !
If an earthquake had shaken up that apiary
it could hardly have presented a more com-
plete wreck. We didn't suppose there were
still any bears in the bee-keeping part of
Texas, but it seems there are. But there was
at least one bear less after Mr. Victor's apiary
of some 50 colonies was destroyed.

Being lovers of honey, it is no wonder that
bear meat is so good to eat. No doubt Mr.
Victor and his friend enjoyed eating that par-
ticular lot of bear steak.

We thought our readers would like to see
what a big, healthy bear can do to an apiary
when he does his best, hence the picture we
have reproduced.

3Ir. Smith and Black-Carniolans. —

When sendiDg us the picture on the first page,
Mr. Smith wrote thus:

Editor York: — Most bee-keepers think
that the black-Carniolans are worthless, so I
am sending you the picture of a colony in the
act of finishing 132 pounds of honey, which
you will see is in the sections. My honey re-
tails tor 25 cents a section, thus making $33
for this colony. Counting the stings I got at
a cent apiece (which I think is remarkably
low), they would be worth $50 more. But
when I want a " good scrap," I stir up my
pure Italians. I can almost hear Dr. Miller
say, " Serves you right for trying to handle
bees while dressed in black." Bjt if he
could see the way they jump on, and try to
puncture, those white buttons, I think he
would be willing to try some other " medi-
cine." L. A. Smith.

Flathead Co., Mont.

Dr. Bohrer and His Bouquet. — One

of the beautiful things connected with the
National convention in San Antonio, Tex.,
last November, was the general good feeling
everywhere apparent between those of the
South and of the North. Dr. G. Bohrer, of
Kansas, who was not only one of the oldest
beekeepers present, but who also had been a
federal surgeon in the Civil War, spoke such
fraternal words of greeting at the opening of
the convention, that many hearts were
touched, and the result was that the follow-
ing morning Mrs. Krebs presented the Doctor
with a large bouquet of flowers. These were
prized so highly that they were taken to Dr.
Bohrer's Kansas home and photographed as
shown.

So far as bee-keepers are concerned, " the
war is over," and has been over for a long
time. It may still exist in the overheated
minds of certain politicians, who think they
must ever be stirring up discordant mem-
ories in order to win, but to the peace-loving
bee-keepers of our country this is an un-
divided nation, and they will stand united for
its highest progress and strongest defense.

Fillmore Co., Minn., Convention. —

This is reported as follows by the Secretary :

The 5th annual meeting of the Fillmore
County Bee-Keepers' Association was held
at Preston, Minn., Jan. 25 and 26, 1907. The
meeting was a very interesting and harmo-
nious one throughout. Ever since it was
organized its members have been getting sup-
plies at wholesale rates. At the time of its
organization no one had an idea that a car-
load of comb honey was produced in this sec-
tion of country, but in the fall of 1905 a car-
load was shipped from Harmony, and in the
fall of 1906 two car-loads were shipped, one

Feb. 14, 1907

127

American Vee Journal

from Harmony and one from Canton. But
owing to a wide range in prices paid by the
men who gathered tliie honey up for car-load
buyers, and for other reasons, there was
<li86atisraction among the honey-producers.

At this meeting the constitution was
changed, and an executive committee of 3
were chosen to act as financial agents in buy-
ing supplies and selling honey for the Asso-
ciation ; and a strong resolution was passed
binding its members to sell through this com-
mittee direct to car-load buyers.

If the bee keepers would unite, and co-
operate in buying supplies and selling their
own honey direct to buyers of car-lots for
cash, many more such associations could be
formed throughout the country, and the mem-
bers would realize much more protit in bee-
ping. P. B. Ramer, AVr.

Bee-Keepers 'Meeting at Yorkville,

III.— The afternoon of Jan, 30, some 30 bee-
keepers held an informal convention for
about 2 hours, at Yorkville, 111., the discus-
sions being led by C. P. Dadant, ex-President
of the National Bee Keepers' Association. His
part was principally answering questions
along practical work in the management of
bees. The questions discussed were mainly

these: Wlnterlni,', with special reference to
comparative merits of cellar and outdoor;
stimulative feodinj,'; prevention of the depre-
dation of bee-moth ; the use of shade-boards;
bee-pasturage, ami incidentally the distance
of bees' Uight; and other subjects of minor
value. The discussions were pretty generally
participated in by those present. There were
quite a number of ladies present also, some
of whom are, or have been, bee keepers.

After the question-box It was found to be
the desire of some of those present that a
local association be formed, and 8 gave their
names. Ollicers were elected as follows;
President, Geo. KUiott, of Yorkville; Secre-
tary and Treasurer, Robert B. McCain, of
Oswego, 111. The time and place of the next
meeting was left in the hands of the ollicers.

In the evening Mr. McCain delivered a lec-
ture on " Bees and Bee-Keeping." It was a
larger gathering, and all were interested.
There was also a program of music furnished
by the Yorkville people.

No doubt more will be heard from this new
organization later on.

Confrib

flrficlc>$

Again the Wide Frame vs. The
T-Super

BV F. GREINER.

It had been my intention not to say
ally more on the subject of T-supers vs.
wide-frame supers, but since many of
my friends hold that, as matters stand
now, the wide-frame has received "the
black eye," I will once more defend the
super which I use.

The wide frame consists of 4 pieces,
as follows : :

1. The top-bar. It is of the width
of the narrow parts of the sections used.
A thickness of tk-inch is sufficient. It
projects over the ends of the frame like
a regular brood-frame and hangs in a
rabbet.

2. Two end-pieces. They have the
width of the wide portions of the sec-
tions used, and shCuld not be less than
%-inch thick — perhaps V2-inch would
give a better chance for nailing, but in my
own supers I could not very well use
them thicker than %-inch, so I have
been content to have them thus, and I
can assure you that there is no trouble
about these frames giving out anywhere.
I should judge they might outlast
several generations of mankind with
fair treatnient. When getting out the
ends of wide frames, I select the best
timber — a medium-hard variety like
whitewood or chestnut, if possible, al-
though I have many in use made of
butternut, basswood. and pine. Bv care-
ful nailing with long cement-coated

nails, the frames are inade as rigid as
if they were all in one piece. There
is no tinkering needed ever after; this
in answer to what has been said by '
others as to the frailty of the wide
frame. Of course, a section-holder
lacking the top-bar must of necessity be
weak, or at least weaker.

3. The bottom-bar is of the same di-
mensions as the top-bar, except being
shorter.

When these 4 pieces are nailed togeth-
er properly by the help of a nailing-
block, such as I illustrated years ago in
different bee-papers, we have a frame
that is all right.

A separator may be nailed to this
frame, or it may be so arranged as to
hang between the frames just like a
frame. The latter arrangement would
have some advantages. The Betsinger
wire-screen separator-super makes use
of this feature.

The wide frame can also be adapted
to the no-bec-\vay sections. I use both
kinds.

There must lie room enough in the su-
per so as to have a space at one side for
keying up. Wedges, springs, or screws
may be used to tighten the frames and
to take up the slack. The closer thev
come together the better. Of course,
proper bee-spaces must be preserved
where necessary. If there is room
enough a Pettit double bee-space may
be had at the sides of the super. The
separator should be as wide as possible
and still allow (he bees freedom to pass
from section to section.

In the above I have given the essen-
tial features of the wide-frame super,
which may answer some of the objec-
tions raised.

It is immaterial which way the sec-
tion is placed in the wide frame, the
lock-corner up or down. With the T-
super it must be used "up," although
Miss Wilson wants the weak corner
(lock-corner^ down.

I infer that the bee-glue in Marengo
is of a greasy nature and cleaves off;
here it .sticks "to beat all." The trouble
and difficulty of taking the full sections
from the T-super lies in this stickiness
of the propolis. It cements the tin to
the section, and can not be persuaded
or forced to let loose. Usually the bot-
tom of the section comes with it, and
often the T's get out of shape. When
a T is used on the top and bottom, as
Mr. Armstrong prefers, then the trouble
is aggravated. I know of no more suc-
cessful method to cement a lot of sec-
tions together than by using T-tins at
top and bottom. Other bee-keepers here-
abouts seem to have found this out long
ago, judging from the cast-aside T-tins
and T-supcrs I have found in my travels.
The best use some could find for the
latter was as "Cucumber boxes" in the
garden ; for this use they are too ex-
pensive, although they protect the cu-
cumber plants, when netting is thrown
over them.

No tnatter how badly a wide frame is
propolized, the filled section can be
pushed out. whether the propolis is hard
or soft. The section moves over the
wood of the wide frame as the two
blades of a pair of shears work, and the
glue is "cut." But when you attempt to
"lift" the T off from a block of sections,
as Aliss Wilson says, and does, it is like
pulling an adhesive plaster from one's
back. The skin lifts up with it, so also
does the bottom of the section when one
tries to lift the tin. For that reason I
want the lock-corner !//> in a T-super;
the strongest part is needed at the bot-
tom. In the shipping-case I may place
the sections as I please. If all honey is
sealed one may place them either side
up without bad result. I do not need
to use full sheets of foundation and
bottom-starters to accomplish well-fill-
ing, and sealing of sections, either.

I^ am well acquainted with Dr. Miller's
Editor Hill's, and others' method of
taking the honey from a super en masse.
Even if we are not inventive, we read.
It is an old practice and we know all
about it. A great many things are not
mentioned by writers because they think
everybody ought to have sense enough
to do things in the best manner accord-
ing to existing conditions. What may
work well with one may not work at
all with some one else, and I expect
these discussions will bring out minor
points overlooked before, and not men-
tioned.

Tlie different supers I have in use
which leave the tops of sections exposed
(including the T-supers) I have always
tried to clean on top with a scraper, like
the one mentioned by Miss Wilson and
Dr. Miller, and considered it a matter
of course. By the way, this scraper is
the very best thing to clean wide frames,
wood-separators, hives, and supers. I
have them in each bee-yard. One can

128

Feb. 14, 1907

American Hee Journal

make them out of a worn-out cross-
cut saw. Grind them on the grindstone
occasionally and have the edges straight
and square. I want half a dozen of them
in the honey-house, then when we are
ready to prepare supers for another sea-
son, we make "a job" of it. Boys and
girls, and other cheap help, can be set
to work at once, and in a very few
days we have everything clean. Wood-
separators may be cheap, but they may
be cleaned much cheaper, and are fully
as good then as new ones.

Now, while I think the cabinet-
maker's scraper is a good thing, it is of
no use to me when fitting honey for
market from wide - frame supers. A
sharp knife answers much better, al-
though I have tried other devices as they
have come up from time to time. I
must, however, confess that I can not
come up to Miss Wilson. I consider
20 to 25 cases (of 24 sections each) a
fair day's work, putting in 10 hours a
day. I think if Miss Wilson had wide-
frame supers, she might clean and crate
in the neighborhood of 5000 sections per
day, working with the same swiftness
and putting in as many hours as she
does.

If I were to use supers which did
not protect the sections " all around,"
I would surely make use of a sand-
paper-belt or machine, because no mat-
ter what other tool is used in freeing
filled sections from bee-glue, it is riot
possible to make them look very nice
when they are as badly daubed as a
large portion of mine are, or have been,
while I had them in use.

I have always wondered why the tops
and the bottoms of bee-way sections
were made as narrow as they are. I
fail to see why they were not made as
wide as possible, and still give ample
room for the bees to enter them. Sup-
pose we make them just %-inch nar-
rower than the sides, there would be
%-inch plus the thickness of the sepa-
rator between them. If we now let the
separator come within -^-inch of the
upper surface of the bottom and lower
surface of the top of the section, no
matter what the thickness of the sec-
tion may be. there will be sufficient
room for the bees to pass and enter
without any danger of the bees building
through under or over the separators.

A wider bottom of the section than is
ordinarily given protects the honey in
the shipping-case and while handling it,
and also acts as a queen-excluder — not
absolutely, but it tends that way.

Mr. .Armstrong misunderstood w^hat I
meant by "bees crowding bee-glue in
between the top-bars and sections."
While this is a bad feature of the wide
frame, I want every one to understand
both the bad and good features. Dr.
Miller knew well what was meant,
which is apparent from his answer, but
Mr. A. has not used the regular wide
frame. 'What I referred to is this:

When the sections sag a bit, as they
do sometimes with weak bottom-bars,
they drop away from the top-bar of their
holder and there the bees chink the glue
into the space thus formed. This sag-
ging has as a sequence "diamond"-shapcd
section honey. Under no consideration
would I attempt to "square" them to
make them go into the shipping-cases,

no matter how "warm" they might be.
No, don't try it! Crate them as they
are. Make room for them in a ship-
ping-case, somehow.
Naples, N. Y.

Home Made Hives, Supers.Etc

BV EDWIN BEVINS.

With an experience somewhat like,
but in many respects diiiferent from
that of Mr. Greiner's, I feel constrained
to enter a protest against the tone and
intent of his article on page 963. The
article was evidently written with a view
to discourage all but a very limited few
from the attempt to make their own
bee-hives out of any material, and es-
pecially out of the material to be found
in dry-goods and grocery boxes. It is
no doubt true that there are many bee-
keepers, and others who would like to
become such, who would do well not
to try to make their own bee-hives. I
will not do any one of this class the
possible injustice of supposing or insinu-
ating that the reason why he should
not try is because of a lack of intelli-
gence. There are other reasons, which
the imagination can easily supply, why
some men should not try to make their
own bee-hives.

But there is a large class of bee-keep-
ers who ought to make their own bee-
hives, and should be encouraged to do
so, because they can save themselves
much money if they are needing many
hives, and have some time not taken up
by other pursuits. It is for this class
of bee-men who are using the single-
wall hives of the 8 and 10 frame dove-
tailed size, that this article is most par-
ticularly designed. Many of the sug-
gestions and much of the advice I think
may be found of use to the users of
many other kinds of hives.

Since the commencement of my bee-
keeping days in the early '90's, I have
made more than 200 hives and the sup-
ers for same. When I began to make
my own hives, I bought lumber at the
near-by lumber yards, but since making
the acquaintance of the much-despised
grocery and dry-goods box, I rhake use
of it altogether, not only for hive-bodies,
but supers, covers, bottom-boards, ship-
ping-crates, and many other purposes.

I believe that Mr. Greiner belittles his
own ability when he says that he can
not make " something out of nothing.''
which, interpreted, means that he can
not make a good bee-hive out of groc-
ery and dry-goods boxes. I feel quite
sure that Mr. Greiner can do it if he
will. I kttow that I have done it my-
self, and what I have done I am rea-
sonably sure that lots of other men can
do. I have hive-; made from the ma-
terial found in goods boxes, that are as
good as any of their kind that ever
came from any factory, and at much
less cost than the factory-made hive.
Some hive-bodies have been made at a
cost not exceeding 5 cents each for ma-
terial.

Mr. Greiner lays great stress upon the
difficulty experienced in getting lumber
of uniform thickness out of that sup-
plied bv the store-box. How much of
the lumber in a hive needs to be of

uniform thickness? The hive-bodies and
supers. I never found any difficulty in
finding enough of uniform thickness for
these. A few shades difference between
the thickness of lumber for these and
that for bottom-boards and covers cuts
no figure. Reasonable accuracy in the
make-up of a hive is desirable and nec-
essary, but the bees will be no more
comfortable and will store no more
honey in a hive, the architecture of
which is ideally perfect.

I make a good many hive-covers for
8 and 10 frame hives that are of one
solid piece of board with cleats pro-
jecting downward at each end, and have
no reason to find half so much fault with
this kind of cover as Dr. Miller does.
Anyhow, I will venture to advise the
man who finds some good boards in his
store boxes that are wide enough for
the purpose to utilize them for hive-
covers. He will often be surprised at
the little they have cost him. In the
absence of this kind of cover, obtained
from the source mentioned, I would
make covers with dead air space as men-
tioned in the book. "Forty Years Among
the Bees." with this difference; I would
have cleats at each end projecting down-
ward. These cleats are an abomination
to the Doctor. The absence of them
is an abomination to me. I can handle
covers just as fast with them as without.
I do not have any covers blow off, and
I do not have to hunt up weights to
hold them on. The material for these
covers is generallv to be found in store
boxes, as much %-inch thick lumber is
used to make the sides of the boxes.
As the material for such covers does not
cost any appreciable sum. one can well
afford to cover them with tin or zinc.

Dummies, division-boards and tele-
scope covers may also be made from the
box-lumber we are discussing. Read
"Forty Years .\mong the Bees" and
learn how to make a dummy. The
dummy or division-board we get from
factories is too frail a thing ever to
have been born into this rough-and-
tumble world of ours, and should be
relegated to the rubbish heap along with
the V2 -inch square bottom-bar, and some
other things easv to mention. I make
manv dummies out of ys-inch lumber
sawed with projections at the upper
edge for the support of the dummy. No
need to nail on a top-bar.

Box-lumber can also be used very sat-
isfactorilv for shipping-crates for comb
honey. Get the measure for your crate
in this wav, if you want a crate for 8
shipping-cases: Place 4 cases on a level
surface and another 4 close beside the
first 4: measure length, width, and
height; make allowance in height for at
least 4 inches of hay in the bottom;
make allowance in measurement for top-
frame to take in boards used for sides
and ends of crate. I crate my honey
so that no glass is exposed, and find it
gives best satisfaction.

What I have written has reference to
bee-keeping and bee-keepers as they are
found under existing conditions. I will
modifv that by saying that I have writ-
ten not for the specialist, but for the
man with a few colonies, and from that
to the 100 and 200 colony man. What
I have written is not intended for the
age of bee-keeping when the pursuit

Feb . 1 4, 1907

\2')

American l^ee Journal t

has fallen into the hands of the spec-
ialist, and bee-keeping territory has been
divided and subdivided, and placed by
legislative enactment under the special-
ists' control.

There was an old English worthy
(was his name Sir Phillip Sidney?) who
went in search of Utopia. I have not
heard that he ever found it.

Leon, Iowa.

Let the connnUcc point out to the the latter, and a lower rate on the honey

rate people the 'liflference between the packed in carriers; and the expense will

risk in handlint; lioncy put up in car- fall where it belongs— o;j those who are

riers and that slii|iped in supers. Make too ignorant or too stupid to learn.

;i rocommendation for a higher rate on River Falls, Wis.

Lower Freight Rates on
Honey

BV W. H. PUTNAM.

To my mind the most important sub-
ject that has recently come up for dis-
cussion among bee-keepers is Ihat of
better freight-rates on honey.

Mr. Lred W. Muth sprung it on the
San Antonio convention, and a com-
mittee consisting of Mr. France, Mr.
Muth and Mr. Holekamp, was appointed
to go before the various classification
committees of the railway rate board,
to present the matter. I have had some
experience in seeing the rate men, and
it is a well-defined habit of railway
people to charge all the traffic will bear.
It will be necessary for that committee
to emphasize the fact that the bee-keep-
ers cannot afford to pay the rates now
in effect ; that the present rates are keep-
ing men out of the business. It might
also be well to point out the fact that
honey can be, and is being, shipped in
large quantities from Honolulu to the
central L'nited States for less money
than honey can be shipped from various
places in the United States; that Cuban
and Jamaican honey is filling the place
which the domestic honey should fill.

I have several times been before rate
men, and invariably the first question
they ask is, "Where is your competi-
tion?" The bee-keepers have a good
chance now to send this matter home.

Rates on supplies are sadly out of
line, also. There are many instances
where the freight is greater for a short-
er haul than for a longer haul. For
instance, Reno, Nev., located on this
side of the great range of the Rocky
Mountains, pays $1.15 per 100 pounds in
car-loads ; while the same road will pull
the freight over the same ground and
up over the mauntains 800 miles farther
(to San Diego) for 85 cents per 100
pounds.

Again the rate to southeastern States
—Georgia, etc. — is greater than to Cuba
or Jamaica.

There is a certain amount of educa-
tional work to be done in two directions.
It seems to me that we should first edu-
cate the bee-keepers to pack their honey
in carriers (I mean comb honey). It
is the poorly packed honey that goes to
pieces, and leaks and daubs the cars,
and spoils other goods, that gives the
whole honey the bad reputation.

I know that many bee-keepers do not
read the bee-papers and that it will be
impossible to reach them through that
means ; but touch a man's pocketbook
and his heart is yours, every time. This
committee has the best chance in the
world to educate the bee-keepers through
the pocketbook.

rX.

louthern \

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

First Bee-Keeping- in the South

Grandfather and I have been keeping
bees in the South for 91 years ; counting
the period that my great-grandfather,
kept bees it would be over a century,
and perhaps the first days of bee-keep-
ing in the South. Arriving here from
across the waters, and prospecting a few
weeks, he wrote back that he was satis-
fied, and thought that he could raise
potatoes, corn, and tobacco, and from
the amout of blooms he saw, he thought
he could "raise" honey, too, but could
not find any bees, and when he sent for
his wife to come over to him, he wrote
her to bring along one colony of bees.
But she did not succeed in getting here
with them, but when her parents paid
them a visit a few years afterward, they
succeeded in getting over with a small
colony and he established the first apiary
in the South on the Savannah River,
between Savannah and Augusta, Ga.

The hives were made of hollow trees,
which, by the way, is a quite prevalent
method in some localities here yet. The
bottoms of the "gums" were beveled off
with an axe so that the bottom edge
was nearly sharp ; the gum would not
decay so soon at the bottom in that
way, and would give better access to
the insects which were supposed to go
in mostly around the bottom. The in-
side of the gum was cleaned out well,
and made as smooth as could be, with
an axe. When the bees were hived in
these gums, they were set on a block
(a short cut of a solid tree sawed oflf
10 or 12 inches long), and another of
the same dimensions was laid on top for
a cover, for lumber was not yet sawed
here.

Many are the stories handed down,
of the Indians and this apiary, for they
seemed not to have any knowledge of
bees. On one occasion, my great-grand-
father left his wife in his cabin, which
was a small log-house with the earth
as a floor and furnished with 2 one-
legged beds and _' cooking utensils, a
frying pan, and ;i skillet. He had not
been gone long d' iwn the river in his
dug-out for the boat-landing, when an
Indian all at once appeared in the cabin
for no other purpose than to steal.
Looking up at the frying pan as it hung
on the wall, aivl nodding his head a

few times, he took it down. About this
time the dog came to the door and the
Indian made friends with him and tied
him. Going out the door, he saw the
ax, and nodding at that a few times, he
picked it up and started off with dog,
frying pan, and ax, but stopped at the
bee-hive. Nodding his head a few times
again, he undertook to satisfy his curios-
ity by prying the top off, and, of course,
the bees responded actively. Passing
his hands over his face a few times as
if he were washing it, he clutched his
hands in his long dark hair, gave a few
loud whoops, and disappeared as he
had appeared, but leaving his stolen
goods.

Many times the bees in this apiary
died out, but by this time there were
some bees in the forest, and they kept
drawing from it for "starts," and soon
others had "starts," and so on. There
was no market for honey, but if there
was any left after all the settlers around
had had what they wanted, it was car-
ried to boat-landings and exchanged for
such things as they needed.

Grandfather fell heir to the apiary
at his father's death, and he kept it up
for years, receiving good returns, and
was perhaps the first shipper of honey to
many of the large towns.

He said there was one great draw-
back to the progress of the bee-industry
in his best days as a pursuit, and that
was, the combs were not movable, so
as to give access to the needs of the
bees ; and, when lumber was being
sawed, he decided to overcome this if
possible. He bought some lumber, made
some hives, and tried to make the frames
from good splitting timber, but was not
successful. After many efforts for
several years, he gave up and went back
to bo.x-hives, but always had a large,
well-cared for apiary of this style of
gums.

Cordele. Ga. J. J. Wilder.

How different early bee-keeping must
have been from that of today ! Who
could imagine the life of a bee-keeper
with the "red man" all around his apiary
and his home, and the old-style "log-
gums" for hives? We are glad times
have changed, and a narrative like the
one here presented, only makes the read-
ers of the present time feel more grate-
ful for the bee-keeper's life we are en-
abled to live now.

130

American ISae Journal

It is amazing how few people know,
or even stop to think, that our honey-
bee is not a native insect of North
America, but that it was imported to
our continent. Hence it is that honey-
bees w'ere regarded as strange creatures
by the native Indians. They called them
the "white man's fly," and as the swarms
spread on in advance, civilization fol-
lows. Thus, as the Indians found bees
upon their hunting grounds, they left
them and moved 'liinhcr west, knowing
that the white man would soon follow.

A Visit to Bee County, Tex.

On April 17, 1906, I presented my-
self to the transportation Company here
for passage to the bee-paradise of Texas.
At 2:15 p. m., I boarded the cars and
soon was speeding southward, amid
varied scenery, ranging from the best
cultivated fields of cotton and corn to
the most dangerous-looking prickly pear
wilderness. Ere long we were flying
through a perfect wilderness of mes-
quite and other shrubbery. Soon cat-
claw and otlier honey-bearing plants be-
gan to appear. The further south we
went, the more luxuriant the growth
became. A sickening sensation betook
me as I beheld the wonderful waste of
nectar on every side, while I had to
keep a honey or sugar cup under my
bees' noses to prevent extermination by
starvation.

At 4 -.30 p. m. I arrived at my destina-
tion in Bee County. I knew but two
men in the town, Mr. W. H. Laws and
Mr. Will Atchley. As I had come a
day sooner than I had intended they did
not expect me. Not knowing what
better to do, I started to walk about the
city and presently ran upon Mr. Will
Atchley's factory, where he had a good
force of men busily engaged cutting bee-
hives. After a short chat with Mr.
Atchley and his wife, I went on to see
Mr. Laws, the tf-rmhiu.s of my trip. I
found him running his factory on full
time and making hives and other acces-
sories for home use and for the public.
It is unnecessary to tell how glad two
bee-men are to meet each other, and
how each of them is ready to divulge
a superabundance ot knowledge that has
never been told before! and how each
wants the other to listen while he pro-
pounds his superior knowledge and
methods ! So both of us had more to
talk about than we thought, and passed
the evening very pleasantly.

The next morning, after Mr. Laws
had shown me around his home place,
we started for the apiaries, which are
located from 5 to 30 miles from his
home. He has 21 apiaries located in
and near the Nueces Valley. His
apiaries have 1300 colonies of bees, a
few of which arc in partnership. We
started in a westerly direction amid a
most luxuriant growth of mesquite, cat-
claw, blue sage, etc. After we had
traveled about 2 hours, we arrived at
the top of a hill from which we could
see 7 of the apiaries. Mr. Laws is a
bee-man of the first magnitude — born a
bee-man, I'm sure, and could not be
Otherwise. Presently we came to im-
mense patches of wahea bushes in full
bloom, and plenty of cat-claw, inter-

spersed with horsemint, mesquite, and
other honey-bearers.

Now we were near the yards, and
Mr. Laws' watchful eyes scanned all the
flowers to see if bees could be seen on
them. Soon they became plentiful, and
soon we drove into a bee-yard that Mr.
Laws calls "Lower Burk." This yard
was torn all to pieces for queen-breed-
ing purposes. These were Italian bees
and we found many queens of all ages,
and caged a few.

Next we drove to the Holy Land bee-
yard for some examinations, and to
catch some queens. Mr. Laws claims
the distmction of having the largest
Holy Land yard of bees in the United
States. After catching a few queens
and one swarm of bees, we spent the
rest of the day visiting other yards, and
catching a few queens, making examina-
tions, etc. We spent the night with a
hospitable family, after which we start-
ed back, visiting other yards and catch-
ing more queens, and arrived at town

shortly after nightfall, about one hour
before my train was due, on which I
was to depart.

Mr. Laws is one of the United States'
best queen-breeders. He has about a
half-dozen strains of bees in different
yards and sold in the neighborhood of
2500 queens last season, falling far short
of orders. He is a very conscientious,
Christian gentleman, and always tries to
furnish the best to be had. He has his
bees located in 3 circuits from his home,
which comprise a travel of 130 miles to
visit all the yards. There are a few
bees kept at home and at Goliad. The
last 2 or 3 years have not been at all
satisfactory for honey in this locality,
but excellent for breeding and queen-
rearing..

Among the excellent plants for honey,
we list the following : Blue sage, cat-
claw, wahea, currant, mesquite, horse-
mint, rock-brush, white-brush, cleome,
broomweed, and "knockaway."

T. P. Robinson.

^'

onvention
Proceedings

Report of the Michigan State
Convention

REPORTBD BY R. F. HOLTBRMANN
(J, utianed fiotti patfe lli )

Mr. E. D. Townsend, Michigan's most
extensive bee-keeper, read a paper on:

LOCATIONS AND LOCATIN 1 BEE-
YARUS

Locations, from an apiarian view-
point, in Northern Michigan are an un-
certain quantity (what I mean is a lo-
cation that will support say 80 or 90
colonies, spring count, and produce a
surplus of 60 or 70 pounds of extracted
honey, year after year) ; for in our
great and beautiful State, occasionally
we find a location that would hardly
pay from a dollar-and-cent view, to
keep bees. Generally speaking, Michigan
is very broken. There are inland lakes
whose waters sparkle in the sunlight,
where the pike, bass, and perch are in
their element. Innumerable hills, dales,
creeks, and rivers, add variety to the
landscape. Then there are the marshes
made fragrant with their asters and bone-
set ; and last but not least, the beautiful
goldenrod. The soil varies from the
veritable sand-dune to the most pro-
ductive and richest loam the world ever
produces. But the soil is only one of
many things to take into consideration
when looking for a bee-location. While
I know several fine locations in old,
fertile, well-cleaned-up sections, the bet-
ter ones are in a rather newer and brok-
en country, where the land is not be-
ing cleared ofif for farming purposes.

These conditions are more likely to
be found in the northern half of lower
Michigan. While there are some fine
locations in the lower part of the State,
that produce good crops of honey, they
are farther apart, and not so sure of a
crop, as father north in the white clover
and red-raspberry districts. I suppose
most of those at this convention keep
but one yard of bees, and that one right
where Destiny has dropped them down,
either on the farm or on a city or vil-
lage lot, and, in this case, the only al-
ternative is to find out how many bees
your location will support, and when
you have acquired the number of col-
onies. So, with fairly intelligent hand-
ling, your surplus falls to say 40 pounds
of comb or 60 pounds extracted honey,
in an ordinary year. This, in the opin-
ion of the writer, would be the low-
water point of a profitable surplus. What
say you, members of the convention?

But we will suppose you are estab-
lished in a location where bee-keeping
does not pay. Perhaps you own a farm,
or otherwise it is not desirable to move
to a more productive honey-location. In
this case the out-yard will solve the
question. And right here comes in one
of the most important parts of success-
ful bee-keping, and tliat is a good loca-
tion. The great benefit derived from the
out-yard is that one does not have to
accept any location he may happen to
be in, but can go to the best location he
knows of and establish his apiary. Of
course, it would be convenient to have
one's bees as near home as possible;
but put them into the best pasturage
you know of, even if it is a day's ride
by rail between yards.

Feb. 14, 1907

131

American ^ee Journa

J

I

The best location the writer knows of
in the southern half of lower Michigan,
is a heavy clay soil. This heavy clay is
especially adapted to the raising of clov-
er-seed. Especially would 1 look for
a location where alsiUe clover is pro-
duced for seed. Then, if one could
find a place as above, that included quite
a (|n.-uitity of basswood timber, it would
make the location somewhat better, al-
though basswood is not a very sure
yielder here. When everything is favor-
able, it does not 'require a very large
tract of basswood timber to produce a
nice lot of surplus honey.

Then, in litis ininiedi.ilc location, and
farther north, the wild raspberry and
white clover croduce our surplus. In
looking for a location in the white clover
and red raspberry districts, as we have
to do in this location, don't forget the
raspberry, for I am convinced that much
cf our supposed clover honey is -34 wild
red-raspberry. Further north, in the
hardwood slashings, wild raspberry is
practically all there is to look for, and
this same wild raspberry is our surest
and best yielder. This raspberry is in
every way, equal to clover; that is, what
is produced on the light sandy loam of
northern JMichigan. Raspberry honey
from the southern counties of our
State, on the heavy clay soil, is of an
amber color, and can't be compared with
our beautiful white honey from the
north.

Another point to be considered in lo-
cating apiaries, is buckwheat. It does
not produce any surplus in lower Michi-
gan, but in favorable seasons yields well
when grown on our sandy, loam soil in
this localitv and farther north.

Now, next to the importance of a
good location is a sheltered nook in
which to place our bees. Our best out-
side protection is secured by going in-
to the woods and clearing ofif an acre or
so to put the bees on. This outside
protection from the cold spring winds
allows our bees to build up much earl-
ier in spring, so as to be ready for the
surplus season in June. If one's yard
is already located, and it is not desirable
to move them to a sheltered place, the
next best thing to the natural protec-
tion mentioned above, is a high, tight,
board fence, 6 or 8 feet high, on the
north, east and west sides, leaving the
south open. While this is not so good
as the natural protection mentioned
above, it helps a good deal.

As to the benefits of outside protec-
tion, 1 do not think I can do better
than to tell you of the experience of one
of our members, Mr. Geo. H. Kirk-
patrick. Mr. Kirkpatrick's home vnrd
is in, or was when this experience taught •
him the value of outside protection — in
an unprotected location. The experi-
ence was as follows :

A year ago last spring he moved about
one-half his home yard to a well-pro-
tected location, 3 miles from home. The
colonies were not selected, but were tak-
en at random from his home yard, and
were all wintered in the same reposi-
tory. 1 he fact was. the bees were the
same when moved, and the location al-
so the same. The results were that
the protected out-yard built up strong
and were in so much better shape at
the opening of the season that they

tilled an uppi r extracting super with
honey before tin- home yard was strong
enough to need uu upper story, and they
kept this upper >iory ahead clear through
the season. The figures would be some-
thing as follow si we will suppose the
number was .'=<) colonies) : One 8-frame
upper story each 40 pounds ; that would
be -'000 pounds of extracted honey, at
8 cents, or $i(w from 50 colonies in
one season, all credited to outside pro-
tection. E. D. TOWNSEND.

S. D. Chapm.in stated that one should
be careful as to conclusions. He men-
tioned a case where, in one locality,
from maple cul during the winter, the
bees were able to get an abundant sup-
ply of maple s.ip in the spring. These
biiilt up into fine shape and were much
heavier than another apiary otherwise
similarly situated.

Mr. Kirkpatrick stated that he had
an apiary in an old, settled district where
bees did not have a chance to build up
on maple sap from maple timber cut
the previous winter. The apiary was
located on a spot with only a few
rods cleared in standing timber. It was
excellent.

A discussion followed on the length
of time one raspberry patch would be
of use. The facts appeared to be that
one patch would exhaust itself in 6 or
8 years ; that unless a fresh piece of
timber was cut where fresh raspberry
canes would spring up, and such a loca-
tion was the desirable one. the loca-
tion would be exhausted for raspberry
honey. If, however, the patch was
burned off in the spring when the ground
was wet, a new growth would spring
up ; but if the fire took place in summer,
or when the ground was so dry that
the black soil would be destroyed, then
neither raspberry nor anything else
would spring up.

Producing Ripe Honev.

Mr. Holtermann gave an address on
ripe honey. Not enough attention had
been paid in the past to having the bees
ripen and evaporate the honey. What
was known as an inferior-sourced honey,
if well-ripened, w'as really a more de-
sirable article, if left to the bees until
capped, than the better grades taken
away when thin and unripe. \ bee-
keeper that sold the latter required con-
stant exercise of new energy to get new
customers.

Mr. Chapman thought that the bees
added something to the comb as they
built it, which gave the honey stored
in fresh comb a different flavor.

Mr. Holtermann stated that it might
be so, although he had never noted the
difference.

Pres. Hutchinson said that he had
heard that the best honey is secured by
giving the bees foundation to build out
as they stored, and that such honey
would be of a better quality than that
taken from previously-drawn comb. He
thought it might be because the comb
was drawn out while being filled by the
bees, and that the honey would evapo-
rate better.

Foul Brood.

Pres. Hutchinson gave a very able ad-
dress on foul brood, dealing with a
sample he had, so that every one in the
room could get thoroughly acquainted
with the disease. He also advocated
more inspectors for Michigan.

Mr. Walker said that every township
should have an inspector, as they ha6
it for the "peach yellows." Foul brood
in the State was very wide spread. This
appeared to be the general opinion, and
steps were taken to endeavor to get
a much larger number of inspectors, and
a larger grant for the purpose. Mr.
Hutchinson, the present sole inspector,
led in the move for more men.

Evening Session.

The evening session was held in the
fine Court House, a thorough credit to
Big Rapids, and to the kindness of its
officials in putting it at the disposal of
bee-keepers. .\lso a credit to the energy
of the Michigan State bee-keepers, and
no doubt in no small measure to Mr.
Geo. E. Hilton, resident in the locality-
Mr. Elmore M. Hunt gave a demon-
stration in handling bees in a cage. One
or two bees acted as if they had been
feeding on plum-pudding or mince-pie
the day previous to going to sleep (it
was Dec. 26), but the demonstration
was entirely successful and no doubt
would have interested a much larger
audience than the one present.

Thus closed a very successful conven-
tion with high hopes in the bee-keepers'
breasts that the next Michigan State
convention would be held in union with
the National, at Detroit.

fir. /ia^tY^

Tdc • Uld Ri-linh'" '' as Feen ttjroufh Nnw himI Udfi-I abic (.ijus-
by E. E. Hastt. Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Testing Various Races of Bees

If Prof. SchoU is to run a dozen test
apiaries next season, and give each of

the current races a test, we shall look
for those " reports later " with decided
interest. He seems to contemplate
only one kind at a location — good for

132

Feb. 14, 1907

American ^ee Journal

the most part — but one out of the dozen
ought to be Caucasians and Italians,
half and half. Only way to bring the
former exactly " to book " in the im-
portant item of honey-storing-. Not
absolutely necessary that they should
quite equal Italians, but we want to
know just where they are at. Page 1051.

Time Spent in Overhauling Col-
onies.
So C. P. Dadant has seen bee-keepers
who would spend 2 hours overhauling
half a dozen colonies. I have seen one
such— in the looking-glass. But I guess
we won't quarrel much. The an« of
all should be to have things in such
a condition that the needed manip-
ulations need take but a few min-
utes. Don't spend 2 hours over 6 colo-
nies when 5 minutes for each might
just as well suffice — unless you are
overhauling for fun or for self educa-
tional purposes, and then the 2 hours
are all right. I was steering toward
the remark that the good theory and
the actual practise sometimes get wide
apart at my yard — and I suspect that
mine is not the only one. Page 7.

Going Into Something New.

F. L. Day alludes to an evil, on page
7, that may as well be clubbed a little
more. One prominent apiarist does
well with something new. Presto, all
the rest must be voted ignorant or stu-
pid unless they dive into the same, and
make a success of it also. What non-
sense ! Are men sheep, that they can
not be easy an hour except in a flock ?
I believe one Ohio man once made
someting of a success of raising figs.
Must all Ohio farmers raise figs, then ?

Changing to an Exact Pound

Section.
L. V. Ricketts wants to enlarge the
usual section in one direction until a
crop of honey will average pounds.
When he puts that to vote he'll get a
flamboyant minority. Such a crop will
be necessarily in 3 lots. Lot 1 will be
even pounds — and nobody knocking.
Lot 2 will be sections less than a pound
(else the crop would not average) ; but
these need make no more trouble than
the similar ones we now have. Lot 3 —
liable to be nearly a third of the whole —
will be sections weighing more than a
pound. Just for once or twice the bee-
man can sneakingly shove the trouble
ofi' upon the shoulders of the unsus-
pecting grocer by packing over-weights
and underweights mixed ; but sooner
or later the grocer will hit back, and
hit back hard. He doesn't make his
living by giving away 2 ounces of
honey with a section. And to get a
customer to pay for 2 ounces more than
a pound when he buys a section, is a
troublesome and difJficuU job. Page 8.

How TO Insure Having Reapers.

So to put in heavy combs of honey,
reserved for the purpose, 40 days be-
fore the honey harvest, is Doolittle's
" last and best " way to be sure of his
reapers — and that far the most impor-
tant thing of all. A beginner writes
to find out what is the prime thing for
the likes of him to know. An excel-
lent and comprehensive answer might
be given in one well capitalized word —
Beans ? But Mr. Doolittle kindly as-
sumes that he already knows beans.

and writes him an excellent article.
Page 8.

The Ways and Doings of Mice.

The mouse experiences of our new
brother, J. L. Byer, as given on page
S3, do not tally very well with my ex-
periments, page 1036 (1906). Yet, per-
haps, there is no real clash. Difi^ereut
members of the mouse family differ
about as much as different members of
the horse family. No one would insist
that the horse, the donkey, and the
zebra, must have the same tastes as to
food. My experiments as yet extend
only to one species of mouse, the uni-
versal or house mouse — and, in fact,
to only one of the three or more varie-
ties of that species. I have long sus-
pected that the beautiful deer-mouse
(fawn-colored above and pure white un-
derneath) had an appetite more like the
squirrels. Then there are other species
of wide range. Also there are many
species of mice not of wide range, but
decidedly local. Every once in a while
the zoologists get hold of one never
before described. All, doubtless, have
some difi^erences of appetite. I want

to investigate the deer-mouse — but had
better let him alone till I actually
finish off the ones I now have. In
such a place as Mr. Byer mentions
(even if the traps showed some
true house-mice present) deer-mice
and stub-tails, and rust-tinted fielders
are likely to preponderate, and I'll con-
veniently lay the mischief all to them.
I would even hint that a chipmunk
may be " in it."

Two of my mice have just been eat-
ing quite a hole in the ice of their
water font. It froze up less than 48
hours before. Interesting as showing
how peremptory they are to have water
if they cayi get it — and yet are capable
of doing without it altogether. I think
the fur of the mouse has the same
quality that honey has, the power to
absorb moisture rapidly from the air.
Then (when there is urgent need) the
vessels of the skin turn to, and absorb
what is absolutely necessary from the
fur. The volume of the fur being
large, compared with the volume of
such a little body, this is brought
thereby within the bounds of possi-
bility.

P^' Dur '"'
il^'Bee - Keeping

iH^UittUiiMmk

Conducted by Kmma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Kansas Sister's Report

I started in the spring of 1906 with 9
colonies. I increased 4, lost 1, sold 3,
and secured 700 pounds of comb honey.
So I am going to winter 9 colonies if
all goes well. I have not lost my in-
terest in bees or the American Bee
Journal, even if I do not write often.
Mrs. Ben Ferguson.

Ft. Dodge, Kans., Jan. 7.

An average yield of 78 pounds per
colony, spring count, and comb honey
at that, in an unusually poor year, is
something well worth while, isn't it ?
You say, " I increased 4, lost 1." If
that one swarm absconded it may be
worth while to consider the advisability
of having all queens clipped.

Small Closed-End Frame or Bingham
Hives

I appreciate the ladies' bee-keeping
department remarks and grant their
soundness. I have no hives to sell,
and am in no way interested in their
sale. The little hive used by me
mainly meets my hive requirements.

1. It is cheap.

2. No one need ever lift more than
25 pounds at one time in its successful
management. r"__ 1 \ ' ^i

3. Managed for section honey it is

the only kind of frame-hive in which
all the honey and comb is built inside
the frames and sections.

4. It is a box of movable combs, out-
side of which there is nothing to hinder
the easy and quick examination of
every frame, or a part of one, without
ruffling the bees. It can be opened
and closed while the bees are working,
and they will not appear to know that
anything is happening.

5. Sometimes bees swarm, and if
one of these little hives of em pty combs
weighing about 5 pounds can be held
in the palm of the hand, close to the
cluster, the swarm can be easily and
quickly secured. (One of these little
hives will satisfy an ordinary swarm
until more room can be given. It is
very easy to handle and carry to the
place selected.) : C -1 1 ' ' I

6. As the frames, or the hive, handle
like a light box, it makes no difference
whether the hive is bottom up or other-
wise. ; J iTZl

7. All the spare combs early in the
autumn may be taken from the lower
part of the hive — that is, the part where
the brood has been altogether — and
put in a safe place to keep till spring,
leaving only the bees and honey for
the winter depository or cellar, which
practically increases the capacity of
the cellar, as this hive in winter quar-
ters uses only about a cubic foot.

8. The queens occupy all the cells in

Feb. 14, 1907

133

AiiK>ricaK 3ee Journaljgig^ ^

the combs in which they are laying,
leaving- no room for honey, enabling
any combs to be removed in autumn
from the hive without finding it half-
filled with honey— a very great con-
venience if you wish to store the empty
combs for winter. I had a large crock-
ery tierce in which I wished to winter
some bees, and, oh dear I how could a
man who had spent a whole life mak-
ing watches put 4 colonies of bees into
it alone? Easily done. Each hive
was opened in the middle and the bot-
tom part set in, then the other half
was replaced. In this way the 4 fine
colonies were put in the tierce and
packed for winter. I expect to find
them all right in the spring.

The man with unusual spectacles de-
serves a little notice for his optical
illusions. Now, that little step-ladder
pile of 8 divisions contained 140 pounds
of honey, and the hive cost about $1.00
or less ; and one of the divisions was
empty, except of brood. It is now in
the cellar in a cubic foot of space. The
brood-frames referred to above are
piled up for next year's use.

Theoretically, more comb honey
should be obtained from these little,
closed-end-frame hives than from
hanging frames, because there are no
waste-places in which thoughtless bees
inadvertently might store comb and
honey, as they sometimes do at the
ends of suspended frames.

There are many points in the man-
agement of bees in which custom or
prejudice unduly figure. There seems
to be no real fault in the closed-end
movable-comb plan. The lamented
Mr. Quinby adopted it on sight. James
Heddon, after years of observation in
my apiary, and the A. I. Root Co. in
the Danzenbaker hive ; and last, but
not least, the President of the National
Bee Keepers' Association, Mr. Aspin-
wall, is building or inventing the most
extensive and ingenious closedend-
frame, non-swarming bee-hive that I
have seen.

I hope the bee keepers of the world,
and especially the lady bee-keepers,
may be benefited byevery inventi m.

Do bees winter well in such hives?
Yes, they never starve as long as there
is a drop of honey in them.

I had 25 nuclei crowded into the small
space of a box 12x6 '/2Xl2 inches each,
and containing 387 square inches of
comb and some honey, weighing about
15 pounds each when taken to the cel-
lar. After they had been in the cellar
a few days I set another just such a
hive full of honey on them. One week
later I found all of them not having
much honey distributed evenly in each
part — the honey as well as the combs
on which they had previously been,
while those having more honey stayed
with their honey. I write this to dem-
onstrate that bees do not starve in this
hive with honey in it.

T. F. Bingham.

Mr. Bingham's presentation of the
case is such that if there were to be a
special hive for the sisters, his hive
would present strong claims for con-
sideration. So Mr. Bingham thinks
attention should be given to the un-
usual spectacles that gave rise to opti-
cal illusions regarding " that little
step-ladder pile of 8 divisions " on the
cover page for Nov. 22, 1906, referring,

no doubt, to a paragraph on page 9,
where the quesiL^n is asked, " Would
it be the lightcsl kind of work to lift
down that 8th story 7 and wouldn't it
be a rather pre< arious business to use
a ladder to get to the top of the pile ?"
Now, wherein is the illusion ? Is it in
estimating the height of the pile ? or
has it reference to the weight of that
8th story, or what? Pity he didn't
give us exact figures as to said height
and weight. The only data from which
we can judge arc the appearance in the
picture and the fact the 8 divisions, less
one containing comb, contained 140
pounds of honey, and the further fact
that each little hive of empty combs
weighs about 5 pounds. That makes
it pretty safe to estimate at 25 pounds
that top story and contents.

Easy so far ; the rest of the way
isn't so easy. Subject to more or less

guessing. Pretty clear case, however,
that that Ustory pile isn't as high as
it looks. Nothing in the picture to
measure by, but the trees, and no tell-
ing anything about their size. Why
under the sun didn't Mr. Bingham
stand smiling beside the pile so we
would have something to guess by ?
Dollars to doughnuts that 9 out of
every 10 looking at the picture will
think of those little hives as being the
size of an8 frame dovetailed hive. But
in that case each story would weigh
twice as much as 25 pounds. If each
story is only C, inches high (and there
is no telling how much higher or lower
it is), then the pile is only 4 feet high.
That wouldn't be so very bad.

But next time, Mr. Bingham, please
have your picture so that "unusual
spectacles" will not be necessary to
prevent optical illusions.

C^anadian
i ISe^adom

Condacted by .J. L. Byeb, Markham, Oot.

Don't Spray Fruit-Trees While
in Bloom

So they are trying to have a Bill
passed in Illinois to prevent the spray-
ing of fruit-trees while in bloom. (See
page 66.) Really, you Illinois bee-
keepers are behind the times. Over
here in Ontario we have had a similar
law in force so long that I actually for-
get the year it was enacted. The best
thing about the matter is, that the
great majority of fruit-growers would
not now spray their trees while in
bloom, even if there were no law to pro-
hibit them. They have become alive
to the fact that by so doing they would
injure their own interests ; and I won-
der after all is said and done, if appeal-
ing to the pocket-books of people is not
about the most powerful argument that
can be brought to bear in order to con-
iiince them.

Formaldehyde for Fumigating'
Foul-Broody Combs

David G. West's article on fumigat-
ing foul-broody combs with formalde-
hyde (page 47), contains statements
which, to my mind, should not be al-
lowed to pass without comment.

In his first paragraph he speaks of
"foul or black " brood, and, if I un-
derstood by that that he meant " black"
brood, as the term is understood by
most beekeepers, I would not ven-
ture to comment on his statements, as
I have no experimental knowledge of
that disease. But as the term " foul "
is used exclusively when speaking of

the disease in the rest of the article, I
judge Mr. West is speaking of the gen-
uine foul brood as we have it here in
Canada, and it is in connection with
this assumption that I wish to enter a
protest. Mr. West says :

" To tree the combs of the disease, we stack
them up 3 or 4 hives high, on a colony that is
is slightly diseased— so as not to carry the dis-
ease farther — with a queen-excluder on to
keep the queen in her own hive, and use the
combs that season for extracting combs. This
saves the good brood, and makes a strong
colony, which will clean the combs of the
bad brood and ./i7i them with 7io«<!!/ " [italics
mine]. " The combs are extracted as often
as needed, and after the harvest are left to be
cleaned out by the bees."

This "cleaning out by the bees"
takes place before any attempt is made
to disinfect the combs by the formalde-
hyde treatment which Mr. West claims
to be so etiicacious. The commonly
accepted theory is that the honey is
the source of infection, and it seems
strange that the disease would not be
disseminated by allowing the bees to
have access to these wet combs just
from the extractor. If this did not
spread the disease, I would not think
there was much need of disinfecting
said combs.

But I mainly wish to protest against
the disgusting scheme of using those
brood-combs, reeking with the filthy
remains of dead larva;, for extracting
purposes. With foul brood as it exists
here, the strongest colony zuill not clean
out the dead larva; dried down on the
bottom side of the cells, and it is a
common thing for the bees, in affected
colonies, to store honey in such cells.
I have not the slightest doubt but that

Feb 14. 190"

American ^ae Journal

our best authorities will back me up in
this statement.

I wonder if Mr. West, or any one else,
would knowingly like to eat honey ex-
tracted out of such combs. I like
honey, but when I think of eating such
stuff, my stomach enters an emphatic
protest.

An Englishman, who lived near us
once, used to say in his broad way of
speaking, that he didn't " mind a bit
of clean dirt, but he did detest nasti-
ness ;" and I think that honey out of
foul combs would quite properly come
under the latter qualification.

Mind you, I am speaking of foul
brood as we have it here in Ontario,
but from what I have read of " black
brood," I have my doubts as to the
propriety of using combs with that dis-
ease in them, for extracting purposes.

I have had no experience with form-
aldehjde myself, but Mr. Sibbald, who
tested the drug a number of times, pro-
nounced it a failure. That the great
majority of Inspectors have repudiated
its use, is in itself significant; and
while I do not dispute Mr. West's
claims, yet I would advise Canadian
bee-keepers, at least, under no circum-
stances, to try to save foul-broody
combs.

Skunks and Bees

Official figures show that skunks annually
net this State [Maine] between 8125,000 and
$150,000— double the revenue from the honey-
making industry. Nearly 25,000 gallons of
skunk-oil. which is said to have curative
properties, are produced annually in Maine.
The wholesale price is §5.00 a gallon. — To-
ronto Globe.

There is an old saying that "com-
parisons are odious," and I should
think that to our bee-keeping friends
in Maine, the foregoing comparison
would be doubly odious. As we have
no means of disproving the statement,
I suppose we will have to accept it in
toto until better informed.

This reminds me that just at present
skunks are causing me considerable
trouble at my " Cashel' apiary. One
or two of the "varmints" visit the
yard quite frequently, and eat all the
dead bees that accumulate on the
ground in front of the hive-entrances.
If that were all, there would be no harm
done, but there is plenty of evidence
that they scratch at the entrances, dis-
turb the bees, and cause them to come
out, when they are promptly gobbled
up by Mr. Skunk. We have had so
little snow that it has been impossible
to track them to their den, and I hesi-
tate to set traps on account of a num-
ber of the farmers' cats which fre-
quent the yard, and do good service in
eradicating the mice.

One strange thing I have noticed re-
garding skunks, is that they invariably
confine their attention to the same
hives on their different visits. Last
season, for some reason that I could
not understand at the time, a colony in
the home yard kept dwindling down
all through June and July. Two or
three times during the busy time I took
off the super (with no honey in) to see
if the colony had become queenless, or
perhaps had swarmed. Every time the
old queen was seen, everything seemed

normal, with the exception that there
were very few old bees as compared
with the large amount of brood.

About the end of July I happened to
notice the grass all scraped back at the
entrance of the hive in question, and I
at once suspected skunks. That night
I set a trap, and the next morning
proved the case without a doubt.

This was the first time I had any ex-
perience with these highly-perfumed
beauties in the bee-yard, but a neigh-

bor, a few years ago, had over a dozen
colonies ruined before he noticed any-
thing wrong, as it was towards fall,
and he was busy with the farm work.
He also reported that the skunks con-
fined their attentions to the hives all
in one row, and never molested the rest
of the apiary.

I should think that where skunks are
numerous they would be quite a menace
to out-yards remote from buildings,
which receive only occasional visits.

ilocfor Millers
, %esti0nj$x^

Send Questions either to the oilice of ttie American liee .Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Moving Bees

As I have to move about 3 miles March 1,
when do you think it would be the best time
to move my bees? I use the dovetail hive, I
have them in boxes with chaff packed around
them. Will the bees get ventilation enough
from the entrance, or would I better put a
screen over the top of the hive in moving
them? lowA.

Answer.— It will not do to disturb the
winter packing any sooner than necessary, so
you would better not move them till bees are
flying every few days, possibly well along in
April. If you choose a cool day the entrance
will probably give ventilation enough, unless
it be that it is less than the equivalent of 3 or
4 square inches. Of course, extra-strong col-
onies may require extra ventilation.

Feeding Bees in Winter

1. Last fall we bought 4 colonies of bees, 2
in box-hives with a glass box on top for
honey, aud 2 in dovetailed hives with top
super for 24 pound sections. Is it too late to
examine to find whether they have enough
honey to winter, or would it be better lo feed
and risk their needing it ?

2. What should be fed, just granulated
sugar, or a syrup of sugar?

3. They are on the stands sheltered on the
north and east by a large building extending
out to the west 10 or 15 feet on the north side
and 2 stories high. Is there any danger of
their suffering here through the winter, as we
have no severe cold weather?

4. They fly on warm days. Is this right, or
should the entrance be closed so they can not
fly except when we want them toi These
colonies were very heavy when bought, but
no honey on top. One was robbed at that
time. One had started new combs in the
glass box. The other in the box-hive also
started comb, and both stored a small amount
which we uncapped and they carried out late.
We took 20 pounds off one of the dovetailed
hives after the season was over.

Missouri.
Answers, — 1. From what you say in the
last part of your letter, it is quite likely that
the bees are not in desperate need. It will,
however, be a good thing to be on the safe
side, so long as you are not entirely certain
as to their stores. It doesn't matter a great
deal whether you feed without much atten-
tion to what they have, or whether you look

in the hive and feed only if stores are scarce.
It is not too late to do either, so long as the
bees are alive.

2. If by ''just granulated sugar" you
mean dry sugar, that won't do at all. They
can't eat dry sugar. This time of year it is
better to feed in the form of candy. Stir the
sugar slowly into boiling water, having 4 or 5
times as much sugar as water. Keep it stirred,
and try it occasionally to see when it is done
enough so that a little dropped into cold
water becomes brittle; then take it oil the
fire and stir till it begins to stiffen, and pour
into dishes so as to be an inch or so deep. A
good plan is to put into the dish a piece of
paraffined or oiled paper, or paper oiled with
butter, and then, when cold, it will be easily
turned out of the dish. Pal a cake of the
candy over the bees and cover up warm.

3. It ought to be a good place, although it
might be better it they were protected from
the west rather than from the east winds.

4. It is generally better to let them fly when
they want to, although it may be well to set a
board as a blind in front of the entrance when
there comes a bright sun with soft snow on
the ground. But don't think of fastening
them in the hive. It will only make them
more frantic to get out, and some of them
will worry themselves to death.

Getting Workers for tlie Harvest-
Wiring or Splinting Frames-
Honey Dew

1. The honey-flow here lasts till into Sep-
tember, and it seems to me that the common
bees 1 have crowd the brood-nest early in the
season and thus diminish the supply of work-
ers for the later flow. What few Italians I've
had seem to have the same fault. (The com-
mon bees have a little Italian blood). Which
race, or races, would you advice me to try
that would be apt to do better? Sometimes
my bees would starve in the spring during an
inclement spell of weather it nut fed,
although having a 10-frame hive full of honey
in the fall, on account of rearing so much
brood. They build up strong, and swarm be-
fore enough honey is coming in to live on.
Would you advise dividing early to keep them
down a little, and then uniting later to keep
down undesirable increase?

2. I have used 3 vertical wires in some of
my frames, the wire being common baling
wire, about the size of the splints you use, or
maybe a little smaller, and it was suggested
to me by what you wrote about your use of

Feb. 14, 1907

American Hefi Journal

splintB. However, I have a little dilTerent ob-
ject ID view than you have I want the combs
stiffened so as to make tliem stand extracting
at a higher speed. Also, I use only starters
of foundation in the most of my frames. 1
want the wires to go into top and bottom
bars. Would it work as well that way with
foundation?

H. Which do you think would be the
cheaper?

■4. How is it it your splints touch neither
top nor bottom bar, that they keep the sag
out of the foundation so well) It looks to
me as If the foundation would stretch along
the top-bar.

5. My honey is mostly honey-dew. It is
gathered from the oak-trees. It oozes out at
the juncture of a small excrescence and the
twig. The excrescence has a small larva in-
side. But whether it is a true excrescence
formed by the larva, or a blighted and unde-
veloped acorn, I have not found out yet. My
honey has (luite a wide reputation for fine
llavor, although I have had only one big crop.
Some of the honey is too thick to extract. I
think it is the first of the honeydew. All the
honey is amber, or light amber. But the
flavor is the best I have ever tasted.

California has just bad her (about) decen-
nial snow-storm, although in the mountains,
where I am, we get a little every year. 1 guess
it is a good thing to be reminded of what we
escape.

I enjoy your department more than I used
to when younger, and, therefore, wiser 1

California.
Answers. — 1. It isdoubtful that you would
gain your purpose by change of bees. Neither
is it advisable to divide early. It's the strong
colonies that count. Give them more room,
if necessary, by giving another story as an
additional brood-chamber, have on hand ex-
tra combs of sealed honey to supply any lack
of stores, or else feed sugar syrup,, and then
when harvest-time arrives you can reduce to
one story if you like.

3. 1 don't know for certain just how your
plan would work, but if you were going to
use wire at all, I think I should use the usual
light wire, either fastened the usual way or
with nails driven through and the ends bent
into hooks.

3. I'm not sure which would cost less,
likely the wire; but the cost of either is very
little.

4. You will understand that the splints are
fastened to the foundation, so there is only I4
inch at the most at the bottom of the founda-
tion to buckle, and so little as '4 inch will not
buckle, and without buckling at the bottom
it can not stretch at the top. At any rate, I
never saw any stretching at the top.

5. You will probably find that there is an
excrescence or gall that is started in the oak
by the insect, and that there is no acorn in the
case.

I

Early Bee-Keeping-Swarming Man-
agement-Uncellaring Bees

1. I have received your "Forty Years
Among the Bees," and have read it through,
and am well on the way in the second reading.
You and I commenced bee keeping about the
same time. I bought my first colony in the
spring of 1861. It was in a basswood gum.
and the first honey I got I took the top off
and cut it out. The next hives I made were
a foot square, and about 8 inches deep, with
slats on top, one on top of the other. In 1865
I bought a Langstroth hive with a right to
use it. Not liking the Spound boxes, I made
supers with a division-board in the middle,
and put in short frames that I made of plas-
tering lath, and, latterly, the 1-pound sections.

3. In your topic of putting down the queen,
you are not very definite. When the colony
swarmed you caged the queen and slipped her
under the frames on the bottom-board. Then,
after taking off the super, you take all the
frames and put them into a new hive. Then
put 2 frames from some other colony and
shake part of the bees from this colony with
the frames, and put in 2 or 3 dummies. Put
the supers on this, then put the cover on, and

the original hlvi- .in this. Now, when is the
(lueen liberated' Vou call this putting the
queen down. It would seem below. Then
when you put ui> 1 he queen you must lake
this queen and pin her in the other hive, as
this hive you say will be a good place to rear
good c|ueens. Vuu probably see my under-
standing. Please lie a little more definite.

3. In putting Iwes into the cellar and tak-
ing them out, I always stop up the hives be-
fore moving them. I always supposed a
good many of them would come out and get
lost. I keep them in a dark room in the cellar.
I go in in the moraing when it appears like
being a day lit, and stop them in. When I
gel the hives all cut I unstop them. I sup-
pose if I could lift the hives up and go in with
but little jarring it might do, but I am not
strong enough tor that. I have two hooks
that my daughter and I get under them, and
she lakes one side and 1 the other. Some-
limes we have to lift them to get our hooks
under them, and sometimes we hit the hive
against something on the way, and this irri-
tates the bees. This is the second winter I
have had a furnace. Before, it was too cold ;
now it is too warm. Last winter some bees
starved to death, and most of the colonies
were weak. This year they went in heavier
than last. I have 3 holes cut in the stone
wall on opposite sides. One the cats go in,
and out of the other, not quite so large. I
expect the bees to come out in fair condition.

Iowa.

Answers. — 1. It is pleasant to have this
bit of history from a comrade of the olden
time.

2. I am quite chagrined to find an omission
on page 164 of the book mentioned, and much
obliged to you for calling attention to it. A
sentence in the middle of the page reads,
" The supers are now put on the hive with
its 2 or 3 frames of brood, the cover is put
over the supers, and the ' put-up' hive filled
with brood is placed over all;'' and then
should have been added, " and the queen lib-
erated into it." You see this is putting up the
queen, and not putting her down, as you
seem to understand. She is put down 10 days
after the time the swarm issued. The idea is
that the queen can go ri ht on laying in this
story above, but although the story is filled
with brood, it is weak in bees, and no fielders
are bringing anything into it from the out-
side, so the bees will give up the idea of
swarming and will tear down all cells already
begun. That's cheaper than for me to go
through and destroy cells, and, besides, I
might miss some cells, and the bees never
miss any. You are right in understanding
that the lower hive is a good place in which
to rear queens, as it is a strong colony with
only a part of its younger bees taken away.
And the queen is never put down into this
lower story, and only comes down with the
upper story when the upper story is put down
in place of the lower one.

3 I question the need of fastening the bees
in the hives, even with the disturbance you
mention. I have disturbed them as much
without fastening them in the hi%es. I count
it a very important thing to open windows
and doors of the cellar the night before car-
rying out. If I didn't do that I might want
to fasten them in. But the thorough airing
out of the cellar all night leaves them so
quiet in the hives that they will stand a good
bit of jogging before they will come out of
' the hives. If a hive occasionally gets a tunk
that rouses the bees too much, the smoker is
always on hand to quiet them, and that's a
good deal easier than to fasten all in. When
carrying in, of course I wouldn't want to use
smoke, but if one gets stirred up it is allowed
to sit awhile to quiet down. I have, however,
sometimes fastened in a colony, and for this
purpose the best thing I know of is a rag
wringing wet to throw down at the entrance.
When a bee comes against this chilly thing,
it seems to think the weather is not favorable
for leaving the hive, and it doesn't stir up the
colony as it would to fasten them in with a
dry cloth. I am not sure whether I fully un-
derstand the closing part of your letter, but
it sounds as it you thought it would be an
improvement to put the Eections directly into

the super when the foundation is put Into
them. Well, that Is exactly the thine we do,
as you will nee by turning to page 140 of my
book, .lust as fast as the foundation is put
into each section, the section is set directly
In the supi^r where It is to slay, and you are
c|uite right lu thinking that such a course is
a saving of time over any other way.

Uniting Colonies in Spring
Brood-Prames

Warped

Un page 74, you say that one can unite a
comb full of bees without any precaution
whatever with any colony. I have some weak
colonies to unite in the spring, and I think I
will try distributing comics of bees this way.

1. What lime should I do this;

2. Say I wanted to put 2 or 3 combs of beee
in one hive, how long apart should I dosof

3. What do you think about brood-frames
that are warped out of shape* I have some
new ones thai are warped very badly; that is,
the bottom-bar is away out of line with the
top bar. They have never been wet.

Minnesota.
Answers. — 1. In the case to which you re-
fer, page r4, a queenless colony was to be
broken up, and in that case the sooner it is
done the better; and, in general, when you
intend to give bees, or bees and brood for the
sake of strengthening, 'the earlier the better,
only it must not be done until there comes a
day when it is so warm that bees are flying
freely, for there is danger of chilling the
brood by opening hives when it is too cool.

2. It depends a little upon circumstances.
Suppose you have a colony that you want to
help, and it has bees covering 3 frames. It
would probably be safe to give it 3 more
frames of bees all at once if the bees were
queeidenii. Hut if you should give it 3 frames
of bees from a colony having a laying queen,
there might not only be danger of fighting,
but the queen might be killed in the colony
that is being helped. The safe way would be
to give a frame at a time a day or two apart.
But you would be safe to give 2 frames at a
time if you should take them from 2 different
hives. Possibly it might be safe to give it 3
frames from 3 different colonies. In general,
it may be said that the stronger a colony is,
the more bees can be given it at a lime.

3. I think I wouldn't like such frames, and
the more out of true they are the less I would
like them. The case is worse, too, with
loose-hanging frames than with self-spacing
ones, for the constant tendency of the latter
is to be made slraighter by being crowded to-
gether. The self-spacers can not be crowded
too close together, while crooked loose-hang-
ers may be crowded so close together that the
bees glue them fast.

Bees Wintering Well

Bees are all right, and wintering well so
tar. I set the hives close together and banked
them on the north with corn-fodder, and tin
on top, with the south side open. The hive-
entrances are open 3 inches, with corrugated
tin over them. N. B. EwiNG.

Piano, 111., Feb. 1.

Season of 1906 All Right

My honey season last year was all right, the
average being about 103 pounds to the col-
ony, which is not bad. I have had bad luck
for the last 2 years. My bees kept dying, and
I haven't found out the cause of it. There
was no foul brood. I am sure it was the
queen's fault. Some couldn't Sy, and others

136

Feb 14, 1907

American Hee Journal

Standard=Bred Italian
FREE

PREMIUM (IllEEiS

We are booking orders now tor tbose Pine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every year FREE to paid-in-advaoce sub-
scribers as premiums for getliog NEW
subscribers for tlie Weeiily A'Tierican Bee
Journal. These orders are taken fur May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George 11'. York ifc Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are tine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced thera among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing ?ood work. A. W. Swa:n.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15

George W. York * Co . — After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 91.. Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to dale, and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force ihem to swarm, they
have Df^ver built a queen cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey it the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George TV. York d- Co.: — The queen [bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N. P. Oglksbt.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York <1- Co..— The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through

0 K , and I want to say that she is a beauty.

1 immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless tor 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very tine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
si 00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for SI. 00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
vourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Q leen, send J1.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation— " first come, first
Eerved." .\ddres6,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

YM Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL,

ly

^r -r^

;^y\

never became mated, and those that did lay
never made any headway. The slock I have
now is certainly doing its duty, and never
seems to get the swarming fever. The way I
increase is by dividing.

I am taking care of my bees tor one of my
neighbors. There are S colonies of them that
stored 600 pounds of the nicest comb honey.
I had only one swarm.

I think it did me good to have a set-back in
bees, as I look after them more carefully now.

Utica, 111., Jan. 7. P. H. Hakbeck.

Report for 1906— No Complalner

I will try to tell how rich I am, or how
large a purse I have, from my crop ot honey
last season :

To begin with, I had 9 colonies of bees,
and increased to 11 — not a large increase. I
received from nothing to 112 sections, or 112
pounds per colony. The colonies that did
not produce anything were in as good condi-
lion, or as populous, as those that did give
good returns.

I make my own hives, sections, and foun-
dation, and all fixtures that I use, but can
not make them as described in the American
Bee Journal, page 1015 (1906). 1 want them
a little more accurate than a saw, hatchet and
nails would construct.

I sell all my honey t home for 20 cents a
section, and have no trouble to dispose of it
at that price. I could sell more if I had it.

We have not had a good season for 5 or 6
years, but we take things as they come, and
do not complain about it. Henbt Best.

Hibbetts, Ohio, Dec. 29, 1906.

Waxed Honey Without Granules-
Heat Escaping from Cluster

I wish to give a possible explanation (see
page 987 — 1906) and further proof that a
high temperature stops honey, when once
started to candy or granulate, from candying
solid.

About the middle of March, 1906, when
overhauling bee-hives, I cut out about 30
pounds of comb honey, leaving another 30
pounds till wanted. The following night we
had a frost, or freeze. Sfellow jessamine
bloomed in 2 or 3 days, and the second lot
was cut out previous to one light, and the
last, frost in 1906. The first lot candied, and
the second lot waxed. The two lots pre-
sented, on the evening followingthe last frost,
quite a different appearance. Lot No. 1 can-
died solid, granules commencing to form on
top, and looked precisely the same grayish
color, like pure hog-lard in frosty weather.
Lot No. 2 remained wax without any gran-
ules whateverv and looked white, not water-
white nor water-clear, or any other so-called
white — the same color as the royal jelly in a
queen-cell. Both lots remained in their re-
spective conditions until used up in June.
All this comb honey was carried up-stairs be-
tween Nov. 15, 1905, and the middle of March,
1906. during warm spells, I suppose, and the
evmh was also built. No comb foundation
was used, except a narrow guide was left
when the honey was cut out in November,
1905.

In .\pril, I also cut out some comb honey,
carried above during winter or early spring.
One pint was put into a Mason jar — liquid
honey — with but a few small pieces of comb
(size of a pin-head) to attract flies which
passed through a small hole made in the
paper cover, purposely. We had a rather cool
spring in 1905, but no frost since that last lot
was put up. This liquid honey also waxed.
When jarred or tossed, it would hardly run
out ; the honey made an attempt, almost rub-
ber-like, to contract and retain the same
shape it originally had in the jar, but failed.
I am also of the opinion, although not certain,
that a warm temperature following cool
nights was the cause of the last lot waxing.
Another frost and this year's second lot would
have candied. D. J. Pawletta.

Ft. White, Fla., Dec. 24, 1906.

P. S. — The following is some proof that the
heat of the cluster of bees does not escape, or

Feb. 14, 1907

->^r^

,137

America i Hee Journal

very little, if needed in the brood-ehamber, as
Mr. Ooolittle says il lioes:

Three supers cuntaiuing the tU) pounds of
honey were Jeri<ed loose and the lioney cut
out at once on a frusly mornini?. The oomb
was brittle. Now, if any heat does escape
■why was this comb brittle ! The colonies cer-
tainly were very stronfjf, and occupied the
whole brood-chamber (10 frames). Very few
bees — probably K, pint — were above the
frames. The last experiment could, it seems,
be tried with bait-sections in the North.

1). .1. P.

The Pairing Systrnn of Non-Swarm
Ing

I have read with interest the articles on the
Davenport non-swarming plan. Some of them
may have hit the marlt, and others may have
not. There is no doubt that Mr. Davenport
bas one plan, but with the secretiveness of
the average American, he keeps the good
Ihinp to himself. In 1S05, Mr. Heddon, with
his sectional hive, kept all colonies, except a
baker's dozen, from swarming. Mr. Aspin-
wall, last year, had 10 swarms from his 40
colonies in non-swarming hives. According
to his theory, probably none would have
swarmed if be had removed the pollen-filled
combs.

I believe the pairing system, as advocated
by one correspondent, is as good as any. I
shall use a Langstrolh 10-frame hive for the
feeding colony, and a sectional hive with
supers containing plain 4x5 sections for the
one to produce gilt-edged honey. Following
the Chapman plan, I can lift the brood- frames
every 2 or 3 days to a full super above the
honey-board, and thus have an immense col-
ony ready for the harvest.

Our hybrid queens lay in a manner (prior
to the boney season) good enough to gladden
the big heart of Doolittle; and the bees build
early enough and nice enough to satisfy him.
Also, one of those early-built queen-cells can
be put into a West cage in the sectional hive,
and innide of its one sectional brood case, or
queens can be had early from the Sunny
South.

There is a popular idea that comb honey
can not be produced in northern Michigan in
sufficient quantities to pay for producing.
That this assertion is not true, I have seen
proved in this northern country. Mr. James
Heddon, Dr. Miller, or Mr. Aspinwall, could
easily disprove this idea by their methods.

I have read the articles by K. C ,\ikin, in
Gleanings, and also .Mr. Aspinwall's in the
Review, with eager interest. Supers similar
to theirs are what the northern Michigan
comb-honey producer needfr. Mr. Hutchin-
son and others can embark in extracted honey,
but comb honey will suit me. If " W. Z."
would tell his many readers to remove across
the Straits and locate from St. Ignace to Du-
luth, all would be benefited. Prices for
honey, also eggs, poultry, and strawberries,
are higher up there. I have seen a bee-keeper
this year produce honey, eggs, and strawber-
ries, and do well with all. Strawberries do
best on loamy soil. Geo. J. Moloney.

Onaway, Mich., Jan. 1.

Purity of Queens

In 1903 I bought a selected tested queen
from a Western breeder. This queen's drones
were well marked— you could not wish them
better — but the workers were miserably
marked. They varied from a bright 4-banded
worker to 1 banded, darn worker mongrels.
By the looks of the queen's drones, she had
mated with a drone having black blood. The
grandchildren of this queen are black, both
drones and workers.

The same year I got 4 queens from an East-
ern breeder. They were warranted for 3
years. I had all the queens accepted. Five
days afterward, one came out to meet the
drone and got lost. She was a virgin. The
other 3 were good breeding queens. In 1903
I bought 6 queens from the same breeder.
Two died in the cage. One had mated with a
black drone. The other 3 were first-class
queens. Those queens bred drones in Sep-

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

Bee-keeperH have lon^c needed a special Tool to work arnonff the hivcB durinjf the bee-
season. The one shown here waB invented by Wrii. Mueiiob, a Minnesota l>ee-keeper, BOm©
years ajro, but it was not on the market before. We hav»; lately bought this Tool, and ail
ril^hts, from Mr. Muench'e widow, and have had the Ilr&i lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( Tins picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Ilive-Tool is made of hiRh-grade nuilleable iron, much like wrouRbt iron.
**^ inches lonR, The middle part is 1 i-Ui inches wide and "-:*;,' thick. The smaller end Ih i% inches long, \4
inch wide, and 7-.i-2 thick, ending- like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedKe-shaped. having a sbaru semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect fur prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees, " page 58, he
says: " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 1907, h^
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's acsistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how il could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without It You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advanca
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a yearat
$100; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, .30 cents. Address,

GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

CYPRIAN

Golden
Queens

Direct from

CYPRUS

Please write to Messrs. Gregory Dervishian & Brothers, Nicosia, Cyprus, for excellent
PROLIFIC MOTHER-QUEENS of gentle strain. Price of each queen mailed to U. S.
America and toiCanada: $2.50. Safe arrival guaranteed. To Australia, Ceylon, India, etc., ?3.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Send International Money Order.

Metal Mothers

Complete fireproof Hitch-
ing' and Brooding^ Plant
for $7.50. 2 quarts oil will
hatch and brood 50 chicks
Our nest system is the
latest discoverj. Fall line
Pjuliry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Cataloe.
Wii-e today CYCLK IHTCIIER
C« , |{o\ O, K«esevtll.'. .\. Y.
7D6t Please mention the Bee Journal.

WE WILL SAVE YOU MONEY ON
BEE-SDPPLIES

The falconer Goods are acknowledged the
FINEST. At Factory Prices here in Cin-
cinnati. Let us Figure on your wants for this
Season. Beeswax wanted at 81c cash, or 33c
in trade, delivert-il here. (Send for our Cata-
log.) THE FUED W. MUTH CO.
7Atf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
mention Bee Jonmal vrhen -^rltlns.

EVERGREENS

Nursery grown, hardy everywhere.
.All sizes for all purposes, lowest
prices. 50 bargrain lots, first class,
prepai.i $1 to $io per 100. Also Nurs-
Tv trrown Ftirest Tree.'!.
FKKE:-One lie.iutiful Black Hill
M>ruce to every custnaier. .Send
lor free Cat. and Bargain Sheet.
D. Hill, Evergreen Specialist
Box 15. Dundee, ill.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when vrrltliiK.

Om- *Voo«l Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 30 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year— both for -SI. 10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

138

American ^ee Journal

Feb. 14, 1907

tember. Just as soon as the workers com-
menced to gather honey, I observed that one
colony acted as if the queen were lost. The
next morning I opened the hive. She was on
the bottom board, dead. In one weelv all the
bees were dead. She was a hybrid queen, and
was tilled with water as large as a drone.

In the fall of 190ci, the same dealer sent me
a queen. I gave this queen to an 11-frame
colony. In the spring of 1904 I took out 2
brood-frames with the queen. The result
was, the colony built one queen-oell, and the
queen they reared was very good — as good as
her mother. I got 5 queens from this queen,
and started several batches of queen-cells.
The bees would start cells, cap them over,
and after 3 days tear them down. This was a
puzzle to me. After a few days the hive was
tilled with drones hatched from worker-cells.
So I was " played out'' on breeding queens.

In the spring of 190.5 I wrote the breeder
that I did not want any more dollar queens,
but that he was to send a breeding queen. I
received 2. The drones from both queens are
well marked, but the workers of one queen
have black blood. Of the second queen the
worker progeny was reared all right. I reared
several queens from this queen's eggs, and
the drones from those young queens have
black blood. The fact is, that the queens
from that dealer are reared from a pure
mother, as from every queen I have received
from him the drones are llrst-class. But the
queens are mated wtth drones that have black
blood, or mongrels. I am well sacisfled that
those cheap queens advertised are worthless.
A breeder offering untested, select untested,
tested, and select tested, tells me plainly that
his queens are mongrels. If they have a pure
queen ard droneit is impossible to have those
grades of queens to sell.

On page 862 a writer asks. What is a tested
Italian queen? A tested, or breeding, queen
should be a bright yellow. Every drone must

have 4 yellow bands, and you can not discern
any varying in color. The workers must have
3 yellow bands, with light gray on 2 bands.
The under part of the abdomen should be
bright yellow to the tip. Now let us test this
queen. If it is free from any black blood, the
drones from every young queen reared from
her eggs will have the same number of bands
as the mother-queen. Every drone is marked
alike. No person can see any difference in
the drones. You must trace the pure blood
from the drone progeny, not the worker
progeny. Where the drone progeny varies in
its markings it is a sure sign of black blood.
If you breed from such queens you will be
sure to get mongrel stock. If a breeder sells
you a tested queen, that queen's progeny has
been tested by rearing young queens from the
eggs of this tested queen, and if like produces
like, the drones and workers marked the
same as the mother-queen, there will be a
tested queen. Subscriber.

New York, Jan. 7.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Winter Too Mild— Bees Fly and Get
Chilled

This has been a very mild winter on bees so
far, although in some respects it has been
just as severe as though we had extreme cold.
On some of the first days when it began to
warm up some of the colonies lost a pint or
more of bees, which came out when it was
too cool for them to tly, the wind blowing
them down on the leeward side of the hive,
where they remained and chilled. They were
not old, worthless bees, either, as we scraped
up several handfuls, made a small nucleus,
took them into the house, and to all appear-
ance they will survive until spring.

Bellevue, Ohio, Jan. '20. R. G. Qcirin.

Please Mention Bee Journal
wtien writing advertisers.

Minnesota— The Southeastern Minnesota
Bee- Keepers' Association will meet in the
Court House at Winona, on Tuesday and
Wednesday, Feb. 26 and 27, 1907. Everybody
is invited. E. C. Cornwell, Sec.

Winona. Minn.

" Songs of Beedoiii." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-oover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, a&
well as convenient, to Bave these songs all io
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or S
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for .? 1. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Big Profits in Capons

i'aponizinK is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free instructions
postpaid $2.50.

,Ga pe Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 2oc

French Killins; KnifeoOc
Ca(ion Book Free.
6. F FiUins & 5°i> Co., Arcli St., Ptiiiadelphia ,Pa.

While the Present Stock of these BEE=HIVE CLOCKS

them at onl}' $2.00 ea,Ch, by express ; or $2.50 for the Clock
American Bee Journal one year. "

lasts, we will sel
and the Weekly
Better order at once, before all are gone.

The Bee-Hive Clock

We have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzed-a;etal Clock, called
"The BeeHive Clock." It is 10}^ inches
wide at the base, 9% inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand tirmly on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
work, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-keeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like "The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from .?4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at S2.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year— both for only $3 00 Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to get "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 Xew Subscribers to the

Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at $1.00 each, and we will send vou this beau-
tiful'• BeeHive Clock" FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 New Sub-
scribers (at $1.00 each) and 50 cents— $4.50
in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers (at »1.00
each) and $1.00-14.00 in all. Or, 3 New
Subscribers (at 11.00 each) and $1.50—
$3.50 in all.

"With the

Only $2..50, f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
Bee Hive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine" belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, " The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

A $4.00 CLOCK FOR $2.50
American Bee Journal Bo\rfoT Only $3.00

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was conceived in the brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was not thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
a-jd the hours " told off " in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the flying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced by the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselfishly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of theold-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the o'.d-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
win use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Miller

Address all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearbom St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Feb. 14, 1907

139

American Hae Journal m

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found in

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
lor 19D7

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larjied, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
tvire. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Ilarry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-l<eepers in this country.
We have published the American Hoe-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year tio new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for £1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.]

Mention Be« Jonmal when vrrltlns-

Chicago^ Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stuck laid in duting* the autuma bj
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings 15@16c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about Sc, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from tifgiTip^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few dajs, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 7J^@8 c;
light amber, 6}^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sklser.

NkwYork, Jan. 16- — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15@16c for fancy white; 13(fl'14c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dit-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8^c; light amber, VJ^c; am
ber, 6W@7c; buckwheat extracted In fairly good
demand at t@6Hc. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

'HiLDRBTH & SRQBLKKN

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1907 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
Vou will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Catalog mailed free.
Send tor same.

A Special Discount on Earli] Orders.

SAVE MONEY BDTTISG FROM ME.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

LAI^S, and <'ArC'ASIA:>S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29,

bred in separate apiaries,
ttie«OI^I»i-;"> VKl,-
L,U«VS, CAR.^IO-

C.H.W. WEBER -s:r

Otfjce ■nd Salesrooms, 2 146 -48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Denver, Jan. 5.— There is practically no
honey left in the hands of prt ducers in this
State, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply the home trade until spring. We
quote strictly No. I white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, at f3. 20; No. 1 light amber, $3: and good
No. 2. atJ2 8^ White extracted, 8S8>tc; light
amber, Tf^CmSc. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Jan. 'i— The comb honey market
at the present is very quiet. Holders are not
trying to realize a profit, simply disposing of
what they have, at cost. Fancy comb honey is
selling atl4^@lbc. Extracted amber honey in
barrels, 6@7c; fancy light amber in cans, T@8c;
fancy white, 9j. Strictly choice beeswax, 30c,
delivered here. Thb Fred W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Jan. 3.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12(ai3c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming ia much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@75^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb
honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jobbing
ways from 14@l4>6c; single cases 16c for No. I
white; off grades not wanted at any prlcct Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
6(2l6>^c; white clover in barrels, 7!^c; in cans,
S^c. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C. H.W. Webbk.

Kansas City, Jan. 25— The receipts of comb
honey have been more liberal during the last
week or two, and the demand light, market
weaker. The market is practically bare of ex-
tracted, and there is quite a little inquiry. We
quote: No. 1 while comb, 24 sec. cases, $3.10;
No. 2, $2.75; amber. $2.50, Extracted, white,
7X@8c; amber, 6%<g^~c. Beeswax, 27c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, ?3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers will be ready
early in April.

Carnlolans, Italians and Goldens

Equal to the best, regardless of price. Prices:
Tested, each, $1 00; dozen, $10.00. Untested,
each, 50 cts. ; dozen, $5 .50.
6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sabinal, Texas.

FENCE^S^

Made of High Carbon colled wire. Wo
have DO agents. Kt-ll direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.

WerayalUreight. Catalog bIiows 37
Btyles and hcl^-ots of farm and poultry
fence. It's free. Buy direct. Write todfi^T-

COILED SPRING FENCE GO.

Box gg WINCHESTER, INDIANA^
DIentlon Bee Journal when wrltlm;.

Wb 8bll Root's Goods in Miohiqam

Let ns quote yon prices on Sections, HiTct,
Fonndatlon, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Caab.

M. H. HUNT* SON.

Bbli. Branch, Wayne Co., Mich

Mention Be« Jonmal nrhen iTrltl]iK>

HONEY AND BEE5WAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ilu

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHIXE CL,0V1:R honey, both Comb and Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and .yonr
lowest price, and ail about it, in first letter.

C. M. Scott 8 Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

29Atf

-Catalog Free
lOOi East Wasb. Street, I.1I»IA:VAP0I.IS, I:>I».

140

Feb. 14, 1907

m

m

#

American ^m Journal

#

DADAWT'S FOUNDATIOS

.^IT EXCELSi^

Ask any dealer who handles our make along with any other and he will
say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best. "

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. WHY ? Because we make the manulacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BESF
COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.

Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember vou take NO CHANCES when ^

you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY. {

Agents for our foundation everywhere. • ^

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper. ^

DADANT & S0N5, Hamilton, III. |

-if!> w? ^1^ 't." '-tf '.ff itr -If.' -i»« ^f itf ".tf :fF -it.* •<♦.« :tf ''.$'' '4f '♦."" '-tf '-tf '•■tr itf •i»!> M'' '^' '".#!■ ■',(F^f' ''♦.• '.♦? Mf M'' '■tf •'itTTtT^T'^jTiSisr

#

lUentfo

Bee -likornal »Thrn wrltluic.

guEENs ?/„^'l'i^o^'^nres nuclei

I win sell Oueens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Queen, 25c; doz., $3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2- frame, $1.50: 3-f rame, ?1 75.

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff, Calif.
nentlon Bee Joumal vrhen wrlUns.

" It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

f
I

Our Discounts on

BEE-SFPPLIBS

are stiU in effect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the
We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ?

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker 7 If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRET6HMER MFG. 60., Gouncil BluftS, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb. i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

1

m

P We will Buy and
I Sell

IHOIET

^W of the different grades and kinds.
^^ If you have any to dispose of, or if

you intend to buy, correspond

with us.

We are always in the market

for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & 5egelken

26s & '6j Qreenwlch Street
• NEW YORK, N. Y.

Heation Bee Jonrajd wtaea writlBs.

*'Xlie continuous advertiser
sets the bulk of the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

47th Year

FEI IJARY 21, 1907

Number 8

TWENTY-PAQE NUMBER

142

Feb. 21, 1907

American l^ee Journal

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

3S4 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THK PUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Jonrnal is
Sl.oo a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; a)I other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates ttie
eninf tlie month to which your subscription ispa'.u.
For itisiance, "dec<>7" on your label shows that it u
paid lo the end ol December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt lur money sent us tc pay subscription, but
change the dale on your wrapper-label, which showj
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 Unee make one iucb.
Nothing- less Ihaa % inch, accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times — 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 *'
52 " ....30 •'

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... Spercent

500 " ...10
1000 " ... 20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discount*;, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee-Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riehta.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.
General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wla.

^^r If more convenient. Dues may be sent to tixt
ublisliera of the American Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send It FREE as
a premium for sending us One
L New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Jfor ayear at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
^ HEORaE W. YORK & CO.,

^ . - CHICAGO, ILi-

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
hose in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
moanted by a local phot igrapher for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only .?1.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

Plea«a mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Special Bargains

in dovetailed HIVES. Plain and Beeway SECTIONS. Hoffman
BROOD-FRAHES. Section-Holders, Separators, etc.

We are enlarging our factory and all of these goods have to be
moved. If you want any thing in your apiary, you will do well by
writing us at once, and we will make you delivered prices that
will surprise you. Our stock is all new and up-to-date ; we do not
keep poor or 2d grade goods. Our sizes are standard. Quality and
finish can not be beat by any one. We make any thing used in the
apiary, and can save you money and delay at any time of the season.
Give us a trial and be convinced. We aim to please our customers
and guarantee all our Goods to give entire satisfaction, or refund
the money.

Minnesota B66-K66D6rs' Suddio 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

m
i

(rM

Diumer's 6oniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otaer makes?

Because the bees like t best and aacept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN. NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices tor next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalos and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted
UPON the

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 oents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

4O0 West 23kd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.

35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on bis coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture ehown here-
with is a reproduction of a mottoqueen -tiuttoo
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 oents ; two for 10c ; or six for 85c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttont
for $1.10. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILI.

Marshfield Goods I

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Ad^SiTffi*

Feb. 21, 1907

143

H. M. Aknu, Prop.

American Hee Journal

YorkHoney^'pp^Co.

191-193 E. Superior St., CHICAGO, ILL..

carries a full lino of G. B. Lewis Co.'s Bee-Supplies, which are
the finest made, and also the new llershlscr Ap])liaiu'es.
Write for 1907 Catalog and llorsliiser Folder. All Roads Lead
to Chicago, which insures pminpt shipment and low rates.
lOarly or(i<'r cash discounts, 2 piri-ent in February, 1 percent
in March. Bees and Queens in Season. Beeswax wanted —
29c cash ; 32c trade.

5ale of Fire Goods

HERSBISBR WAX-PRESS.

In addition to the full line of new Lewis' Goods and Hershiser Appliances, we still have some of the Slightly Damaged
Qoods left from the fire of last year, which we must sell as quickly as possible to make room for other goods. Those we have
sold have given satisfaction, many customers sending a second and third order. One wrote that he "would rather have
slightly damaged Lewis goods than New of other makes he had tried." What we have has been carefully sorted, and we can
ofTer them at the following reduced prices, Hives and Supers being based on the S-hive rate :

LIST OF SLIGHTLY DAMAGED GOODS

HIVES Eac/i

1 story 8-f r. Dovetailed or Wisconsin $ .95

1 " 10-fr. " " l.CO

1 " 10-fr. Improved Langstroth or Acme 95

1 " 8-fr. Dovetailed with Colorado Cover 1.05

1 " 10-fr. " " " 1.10

1/^" 10-fr. Dovetailed or Wisconsin 1.39

1}^" 8-fr. Wisconsin 1.27

IK" 8-fr. Champion Chaff Hives 1.64

IK" 10-fr. " " " 1.75

1 " 10-fr. " " " 1.40

SUPERS

10-fr. Dovetailed and Wisconsin No. 1 39

10-fr. " No. 3 and No. 4 (new Fences) 44

8-fr. " No. 4 Supers (new Fences) 38

8-fr. Wisconsin or Improved Langstroth Supers No. 1 . . .32
8-fr. '• 8-fr. No. 1 and 2 Super, empty 15

10-fr. Dovetailed No. 3 Super, empty 16

10-fr. Wisconsin No. 1 and 4 Super, empty 16

8-fr. " No. 1 and 2 " " 15

COVERS

10-fr. E.xcelsior, Gable, or Higginsville 25

8-fr. " " " 23

10-fr. Improved Langstroth or Wisconsin 25

8-fr. " " • " 23

10-fr. Colorado, with inner cover 39

8-fr. " 37

8-fr. Inner Cover for Wisconsin 08

HIVE-BOTTOMS

8-fr. Reversible or Danz. Bottom IS

10-fr. " " " 17

HIVE-BODIES

8-fr. Dovetailed or Wisconsin with frames 56

10-fr. " " 60

8 and 10 fr. Improved Langstroth with frames 50 .55

8-fr. Dovetailed or Wisconsin empty 30

10-fr. Wisconsin empty 32

MISCELLANEOUS

8 and 10 fr. Bee-Escape Boards 12

Hive-Stands 12

Shallow Extracting-Frames (per 100) 1.50

Slotted Section-Holders (per 100) 1.50

Ideal Section Slats (per 100) 80

Division-Board, flat, 6c.; nailed 07

Each

T-tins and Rabbets, per 100— 80c, 90c SI. 00

Flat Tins, per 100— 30o 40

Tin Separators, per 100 1.50

1 Rauchfuss Combined Press and Foundation Fastener. . 2.75

1 Hubbard Section-Press, good as new 1.75

Handy Section, 35c ; 1 Section Former 75

Parker Foundation Fastener 20

Daisy " " (no lamp) 55

Lewis " " " 75

Foundation Rollers 08

8 and 10 fr. Wood-Bound Zinc Excluders 14 .16

8-fr. Wood and Zinc Excluders 18

8 and 10 fr. Unbound Zinc 11 .13

Bee-Entrance Guards 08

Dixie Bee-Brushes 10

Cornell Smokers, 4 in., $1 ; 3 Ji in , 70c; 2)4 in 55

Bingham Smokers, 4 in., 90c; 3K in., 65c; 2J^ in. ,50c; 2 in , .40

Clark Smokers 50

Van Deusen's Wax-Tubes 12

Hill's Device 05

Hive Scrapers 20

Bingham Uncapping-Knives. . . 3Sc, 45c 55

1 German Steam Wax-Press 10.00

1 Dadant UncappingCan 6.25

Shipping-Cases 50 percent off

Feeders — Doolittle, 18c; vSimplicity, 6c; Pepper-box, 1 pt., .06

German Bee-Book (paper cover) IS

Nails 10 percent off

"Veils — Mosquito-bar, 20c ; Globe 75

Thin Surplus Foundation (dirty, not broken) per lb 45

POULTRY SUPPLIES

Cornell Incubators, 1906 model.

64-egg, regular price, $14 fio and 8.00

128-egg, " $20 $15 and 10.00

232-egg, " $29 $20 and 15.00

364-egg, " $37 $28 and 20.00

Cornell Lice Paint, 1 qt , 20c; K gal., 35c; 1 gal 60

Standard Egg Tester or Philadelphia Poultry Marker. . . .20

Leg Bands, Climax or Eclipse, per 100 SO

Mann's Clover Cutter, Iron Stand, one leg cracked 6.00

Mann's Green Bone Mills, good as new.

No. 5 B Crank Mill 6.00

No. 7}4 Semi Power Mill 12.00

No. 11 Power Mill 20.00

On large orders reductions made in proportion to 10, 20 and 25 hive rate, as given in our Catalog. This list varies with
each day's sales, so if you send order for damaged stock, better state how you wish order filled if we are out of what you want;
or send cash to cover new goods, as we can then fill order as far as possible from the damaged stock, the rest with new goods,
and return any balance due. We will always have full line of New Lewis' Bee-Ware.

144

Feb. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.'

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

♦Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

♦Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Frnita fruit and Produce Ass'n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Ceorgia

Savannah Howkins & Rnsh

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

Evansvllle Vickery Bros.

Io'«v'a

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angnsta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers

]tlississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massacbnsetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A. L Root Co .

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micliig'an

Bell Branch M.H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill ... . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke <fe Hank

Wevr Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

WeTF York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City : . . The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros.,S21 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* tnnsylTania

Dn Bois Prothcro & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

WiUiamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered ut the Post-OEQcc at Chicago as Second-Clasa Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GE ORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, FEBRUARY 21, 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 8

editorial ^oics
and Comments

Breeding a Pure Race of Swiss Bees

The bee-keepers of Switzerland appear to
be quite unanimous in asserting that the Ital-
ian bees are but little it any better than the
common bees found in Switzerland. Starting
from these premises, thej have been trying to
improve the common Swiss bee. It appears
that there are now established a number of
breeding yards in German Switzerland, where
they keep choice colonies for the rearing of
drones, and they transport their young
queens in nuclei to those yards to have them
mated with these choice drones. By careful
selection they claim to have some improve-
ments already, and hold that they can make
much more progress by continuing this
method.

We can see only one drawback to this pro-
cedure. The breeding yards, or mating yards,
are placed IJ^' miles from the nearest apiary.
Bee-keepers who have any knowledge of
queen-rearing and mating in this country are
aware of the fact that the mismatings in a
yard of Italian bees located 1^4 to 2 miles
from a yard of the common bees will show
about half mismatings, all other circum-
stances being equal.

The distance which seem s to be adopted
as sufficient in Switzerland, would be entirely
inadequate in this country. Queens and
drones certainly By readily, and in a very
short time a distance of 1 or 2 miles. Mat-
ings often occur at distances of 4 miles and

more.

■*■

Some Early Honey-Dealing

Dr. F. D. Clum, of Cheviot, N. Y., sends
us the following about one of the earliest
large dealers in honey in this country :

The largest and most extensive dealer in
honey in the United States in the years 1870

to 1S~.5 was Daniel W. Quinby, a commission
merchant of New York City, He was a ven-
erable looking, gray-bearded man, and was
known throughout the city commission dis-
trict as " Uncle Dan." He controlled the
honey market in those days, as all the bee-
keepers of the time regularly forwarded their
honey to him for sale on commission. This,
probably, was due to the fact that he was a
near relative of the well-known Moses
Quinby, one of our pioneer bee-keepers who
died in New York State, May 27, 1875.

Thousands of dollars worth of honey was
sold in the fall of each year by Mr. Q., and
yet none of it was extracted. The public
looked upon extracted honey with great sus-
picion, and do so to-day for that matter. It
is hard to convince the consumer that ex-
tracted honey, as found in the market, is the
strictly pure unadulterated product of the
bees. I remember the first can of extracted
honey Mr, Q. tried to sell a prospective buyer,
who, at the end of a long talk, critically
looked at the honey, smelled of It, and tasted
it, and then drawled out: " Well, it looks all
right, and smells all right, and tastes all
right, but I would rather have it in the comb,
for then / mouhl *■)»•«' it to be all rig/it.^^

It is the same lack of confidence that pre-
vents the bee-keepers of to-day from greatly
increasing their incomes, for every experienced
apiarist knows that it costs less to produce
extracted honey than it does to produce comb
honey. Our best bees — the Italians — reluc-
tantly begin work in the pound sections;
they prefer to work upon large combs, and
when we consider that these large-sized
combs, after the extraction of honey, can be
refilled by the bees over and over again, the
saving is apparent.

Nearly every one who eats honey prefers
the extracted when convinced of its absolute
purity. Even the children at the table take
a spoon and dip from the plate the liquid
honey which has run from the comb in pref-
erence to eating the comb. It is to the mutual
interest of the producer and consumer that
extracted honey be universally used instead
of comb honey, for when the public becomes
convinced of the at'eolute purity of extracted
honey, the producer's income not only will
be greatly increaseil, but the public will re-
ceive an article that they really like better,

that contains more food value, and at a saving
in cost. F. D. Clum, M. D.

There is no doubt that a larger amount of
extracted honey is produced to day than of
comb honey. And we believe, as does Dr.
Clum, that when the general public discover
how good really well-ripened extracted honey
is, they will use it in preference to comb
honey. But it must be well-ripeneil. Probably
no other single thing has interfered with a
wider use of extracted honey than that of
putting !(7iripened honey on the market. It
not only injures the producer who is so fool-
ish as to do it, but all producers of the best
extracted honey are compelled to suffer from
its evil effects.

Even for baking and other manufacturing
purposes, the unripened extracted honey is a
detriment. Mr. R. A. Burnett, the oldest and
largest wholesale honey-dealer in Chicago,
told us only recently that years ago he used
to sell car-loads of buckwheat extracted
honey to bakers and tobacconists, but all at
once certain Eastern bee-keepers began to
" get smart," and thought they could produce
so much more by extracting it before ripe.
The result was that such honey ruined the
bakery goods in which it was need; also
caused tobacconists loss, so that they would
have no more buckwheat extracted honey —
wouldn't risk buying it even if assured that
it was well-ripened. The lighter grades of
honey were considered too expensive for man-
ufacturing purposes, so ttat some sweet
other than honey was sought and used, thus
cutting out a large demand for honey. And
all because some short-sighted bee-keepers
thought they could fool the buyers. Well,
they succeeded to such an extent that not
only were the dealers and large buyers fooled,
but thousands of honey-producers as well.

It might be a good thing if the National
Association would take up this subject, and
see what it can do toward putting a stop to
the offering of unripe honey on the market.

Honey-Butter
Food Law

Ruled Out by Pure

The following has been received at this
office from one of our subscribers in Okla-
homa:

I have shut down my factory which has
been running for several years for putting up
all kinds of pickles, chow-chow, pumpkins,

146

Feb. 21, 1907

American ^ee'Journal

etc , and making honey-butter on a large
scale. My goods were all pure, and were
highly flavored with extracted honey. I used
19,000 to 20,000 pounds of extracted honey a
year. I alvfays bought the most of my honey
every fall from other bee-keepers, for the
honey I bought from them was pure, only a
little dark. The people are very much dis-
appointed here because they can not buy any
more honey-butter. They say they like it
better than pure honey. I always sold honey-
butter for 25 cents a pound. The Hepburn
Pure Food Law is a little too strict. I think
the law will break up many honest men in
business, if I understand it. Oklahoma.

Whether the pure food law is to be com-
mended or condemned because " Oklahoma "
has " gone out of business" is a question
worth considering. It is said that in some
places in Europe, about an ounce of honey is
added to each pound of butter, and that this
addition makes the butter more acceptable to
most tastes. ' If the " honey-butter " in q ues-
tion were a compound of this character, and
sold for just what it was, there certainly was
nothing wrong in the transaction, and it is
hard to see how the pure food law would in-
terfere with it. At the most, it could only in-
sist that the label should be an honest one,
and if some other name than " honey-butter "
would more accurately describe the product,
objection ought not to be made to such
change.

At this distance it may not be entirely safe
to pass judgment, but there may be no harm
in saying just how the matter looks judged
from the information given. The statement
is that people like "honey-butter" "better
than pure honey." That is as much as to say
it is not pure honey, and the only thing the
law probably does in the case is to make the
product sell for just what it is. One would
think that "Oklahoma" would hardly need
to go out of business on that account, and
even if he gave up that one item of his busi-
ness, pickles, chow-chow, etc., ought still to
support the business. That he should go out
of business because of being obliged to sell
"honey-butter" for what it is, suggests the
possibility that instead of any honey or butter
being in the case, there may be something like
the " honey-butter " of Germany with which
bee-keepers in that land have been contend-
ing, consisting chiefly of sugar. If that is
the case, it will be rather severe on " Okla-
homa " to give up selling a cheap mixture for
25 cents a pound, but it certainly will be no
great loss to bee-keepers, tince he has not
been using in his business, pickles and all,
more honey than he could obtain from a sin-
gle bee-keeper.

A law that obliges labels to tell the truth
ought not to hurt any legitimate business.

Oliscellaneou^
ile 1)1)5 -Items

The National Association's Annual
Report of the San Antonio convention has
been out for several weeks. It is a neat
pamphlet of 128 pages and cover. It contains
a^verbatim report of the San Antonio meet-
ing, a list of the members of the National, the
General Manager's Financial Report, an ac-
count of cases that have come before him
during the past year; also a list of bee-keep-
ers' associations in United States and Canada,
besides a copy of the Constitution of the Na-
tional Association. Every member receives a
free copy of the Report, but any one who is
not a member can get a copy of it by sending
25.cents to General Manager N. E. France, of
Plattevillc, Wis., with the understanding that
if he joins the National Association before
the end of 1907, the 25 cents paid for this
Annual Report will be allowed to apply on
his dues, which are $1.00 a year.

To Missouri Bee-Keepers.— The fol-
lowing comes from Mr. R. A. Holekamp, of
the Missouri Bee-Keepers' Association :

Dbab Sib and Brother Bee-Keepeb:—
I have just returned from Jefferson City,
where I was called to appear before the House
Committee on Agriculture to speak for the
Bee-Keepers' Bill. The committee gave me a
hearing, and recommended the Bill for pas-
sage by the House; it will be voted upon at
an early day, and 1 hope it may pass.

All members who have not yet written to

their Representatives, I urge to write a lette
now, asking them to vote for the Bee-Keepers
Bill No. 503.

Our Bill was passed by the Senate last
Wednesday, and when the Bill has passed the
House it will be " up to " the Governor for
signature.

/ Huw request all Jfissouri bee-keepers to write
without delay to Joseph W. Folk, Governor
of the State, at Jefferson City, asking him to
sign the Bee-Keepers' Bill, being Senate Bill
No. 145, and House Bill No. 503.

The Governor was sick when I was in Jef-
ferson City, and therefore I could not see
him, but I will have to go there again in a
few days to appear before the Appropriations
Committee, and t will then call on the Gov-
ernor, and will try to convince him that we
need the law.

Bee-keepers ! our Bill is of such great im-
portance to success in our vocation that I
hope every one of our members will write the
letters, and will also have other bee-keepers
and fruit-growers in his neighborhood sign
their names to the letters, so we may bring as
much pressure on the Governor as possible.
Fraternally,

RoBT. A. Holekamp,
Sec. Missouri Utate Bee-Keepers' Association.

4'263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Illinois Bee-Keepers' Bills— 3 of them
— have been introduced into the Legislature
now in session at Springfield, and every one
of them should be passed. We hope that all
of our Illinois readers will write at once to
both their Representatives and Senators, re

questing that the 3 Bills be supported by
them when they come up for discussion in
committees or for the passage on the open
floor. The Bills are as follows :

Bill for Appropriation for Illinois
Bee-Keepers.

A Bill for an Act making an appropriation
for the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association.
Whereas, The members of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association have for years
given much time and labor without compen-
sation in the endeavor to promote the inter-
ests of the bee-keepers of the State; and

Whereas, The importance of the industry
to the farmers and fruit-growers of the State
warrants the expenditure of a reasonable sum
for the holding of annual meetings, the pub-
lication of reports and papers containing
practical information concerning bee-keeping,
therefore to sustain the same and enable this
organization to defray the expenses of annual
meetings, published reports, suppressing foul
brood among bees in the State, and promote
the industry in Illinois :

Section I.— Be it enacted by the People of
the State of Illinois, represented in the O'eneral
Assembly : That there be and ie hereb y ap-
propriated for the use of the Illinois State
Bee-Keepers' Association the sum of one
thousand dollars (.*1000) per annum for the
years 190? and 1908, for the purpose of ad-
vancing the growth and developing the inter-
ests of the bee-keepers of Illinois, said sum to
be expended under the direction of the Illi-
nois State Bee-Keepers' Association, for the
purpose of paying the expenses of holding
annual meetings, publishing the proceedings
of said meetings, suppressing foul brood
among bees in Illinois, etc.

Provided, however. That no officer or oflBoers
of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association
shall be entitled to receive any money com-
pensation whatever, for any services rendered
for the same out of this fund.

Sec. 2.— That on the order of the President,
countersigned by the Secretary of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, and approved
by the Governor, the Auditor of PutJlic Ac-
counts shall draw his warrant on the Treas-
urer of the State of Illinois in favor of the
Treasurer of the Illinois State Bee-Keepers'
Association for the sum herein appropriated.
Sec. 3.— It shall be the duty of the Treas-
urer of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers' Asso-
ciation to pay out of said appropriation on
itemized and receipted vouchers, such sums
as may be authorized by vote of said organi-
zation on the order of the President, counter-
signed by the Secretary, and make annual re-
port to the Governor of all such expenditures,
as provided by law.

State Inspector op Apiabies Bill.

A Bill for an Act providing for the appoint-
ment of a State Inspector of Apiaries, and
prescribing his powers and duties.

Whereas, The disease known as foul
brood exists to a very considerable extent In
various portions of this State, which, if left
to itself, will soon exterminate the honey-
bees; and,

Whereas, The work done by an individual
bee-keeper or by a State Inspector is useless
so long as the official is not given authority to
inspect, and it need be destroy, the disease
when found; and.

Whereas, There is a great loss to the bee-
keepers and fruit-growers of the State each
year by the devastating ravages of foul brood:

Section 1. — Be it enacted by tlie People of the
State of Ulitiois, represented in the Getural
Assembly : That the Governor, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, shall
appoint a State Inspector of Apiaries, who
shall hold his office for the term of two years
and until his successor is appointed and
qualified.

Sec. 2.— Said Inspector shall, when notified
of the existence of the disease known as foul
brood among apiaries, examine all such as are
so reported and all others in the same locality
and ascertain whether or not such disease ex-
ists, and if satisfied of its existence, shall give
the owner or the person who has the care of

Feb. 21, 1907

American Vae Journal

eucb apiarlcB full iostruciioos ae to the man-
ner of treating them. In ease the owner of
a diseased apiary shall refuse to treat his bees
or allow them to be treated as directed Ijy the
eaid Inspector, then the saiil Inspector may
burn all the colonies and all the comb neces-
sary to prevent the spread of the disease:
Vrovhfcd, Said Inspector shall, before burn-
ing, give one day's notice to the owner or
other person who has the care of the colonies
of bees and comb, that in bis judgment should
be burned.

Sec. 3. — The Inspector shall, on or before
the second Monday in December in each cal-
endar year, make a report to the (iovernor,
and also to the Illinois State liee-Keepers'
Association, stating the number of apiaries
visited, the number of those diseased and
treated, the number of colonies of bees de-
stroyed, and of the expenses incurred in the
performance of his duty. "

Sec. 4. — Any owner of a diseased apiary or
appliances taken therefrom, who shall sell,
barter, or give away any such apiary or ap-
pliance, or bees from such apiary, expose
other bees to the danger of contracting such
disease, or refuse to allow the Inspector of
Apiaries to inspect such apiary or appliances,
shall be fined not less than fifty dollars ($50)
nor more than one hundred dollars ($L00).

Anti-Sprating Bill.

A Bill for an Act to prevent the spraying of
fruit-bloom.

Whereas, The mutual interests of the
Fruit-Growers and the Bee-Keepers of the
State make it imperative that fiuit-bloom be
first fertilized and then protected by spraying,
from the injury of insects that prey upon and
destroy the fruit; and,

Whereas, The fruit-bloom is largely fer-
tilized by the bees, which should not be pois-
oned by misunderstood and misapplied use of
tree-spraying; and.

Whereas, Fruit-trees should be sprayed
when the fruit is forming, and not till after
the bloom has been fertilized by the bees and
otherwise; and.

Whereas, There is much danger to the
health of the consumer of honey made from
the nectar of blossoms poisoned by the com-
pounds :

Section. 1. — Be it enacted by the People of
the State of TlUiiois, represe^ited in the General
Assembly : That it shall be unlawful for any
person to spray fruit-blooms with any poison-
ous compound which may endanger the life
of those who eat of the honey produced
therefrom.

Seo. 2. — Any person violating the provis-
ions of this Act shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than
ten dollars ($10) and not more than fifty dol-
lars (?50) for each offense, and it is hereby
made the duty of the State's Attorney of the
several counties of this State to enforce this
Act and prosecute all oases brought under
this Act.

The first Bill above was referred to the
Committee on Appropriations, composed of
the following Senators :

Gardner, McKenzie, Hughes, Lundberg,
Galpin, Baker, Landee, Lish, Evans. Barr,
Hurburgh, Curtis, Juu!, Hay, Pemberton,
Campbell, Hull, Burton, Cunningham.

The second and third Bills were referred to
the Committee on Agriculture and Horticul-
ture, composed of the following Senators :

Dunlap, Hughes, Putnam, Houser, MoCor-
mick, McShane, Burton, Jandus.

We do not know the names of the House
Committees.

all Indiana ln/.ivkfcpers write «( oHr^ to their
KepresentatiMs luiii Senators, asking them to
support the tall]l^

It is necossuiy to know something of the
headway made up to the present of this dread
disease. 1 would invite correspondence from
all over the Huav. as to your locality — a postal
card from v/"", if possible— in regard to the
following items :

1st. Has foul brood appeared in your county
or neighborhood J

2d. If so, how long has it been there, and
to what extent has it injured the bee-indus-
try?

To do the amount of good contemplated by
this organization, it is very desirable to en-
roll a large membership. The fees are $1.00

per year, ami include membership in the Na-
tional Association. So you see that you gel
the advantage of both for the price of one.
We need finances to carry out the lines of
work contemplated, and we would appreciate
your help in this matter. Send 11.00 to the
Secretary, or to any of the oflicers most con-
venient, and your name will be enrolled on
the books of the State and National Associa-
tions, but the answers on the postal cards
should be sent to the President, as they are to
be used in making up a plan for fighting foul
brood.

Geo. W. Williams, I'rex , Redkey.

C. M.Scott, Vire-I'res., Indianapolis.

Jay Smith, tier., Vlncennes, Ind.

Walter 8. Poudbb, Treas., Indianapolis.

onfribufed^l
flrficle5 III

ill

Indiana Convention.— The bee-keepers
of Indiana met and organized a State Bee-
Keepers' Association last week. There was a
fair attendance, and much time was taken in
the discussion of a Foul Brood Inspection
law. A Bill was drafted and put in the hands
of a Legislative committee. It is desired that

Laws on Spraying During
Fruit-Bloom

BY C. P. DADANT.

Since the publication of the proposed
law concerning spraying fruit-bloom
with poisonous compounds, I have re-
ceived several communications from
different sources upon this matter. The
criticism is kindly, but it is neverthe-
less a criticism. The objectors ac-
knowledge that it is not advisable to
spray fruit-bloom, but ask how they can
help it, if they wish to make sure of
spraying all their fruit-trees in time
for the destruction of the codling-moth,
which is the principal insect injurious
to fruits. Allow me, therefore, to call
attention to the conditions either for or
against the law. We all want to do
the right thing, and when people are
agreed upon that, it ought not to be
very difficult to come to some sort of
understanding, satisfactory to all.

That the spraying of fruit-bloom dur-
ing full bloom may work great injury
to the bees does not admit of a doubt.
Instances are on record which show that
entire apiaries may be depopulated by
the wholesale poisoning of the nectar in
the flowers at a time when the bees
work upon this nectar in great num-
bers.

A still more important possibility,
though more remote, is that of the
poisoning of the nectar that is stored
in the combs, if enough bees can man-
age to reach the hive with their load,
after they have gathered juice which has
been poisoned by spraying with arseni-
cal or other poisonous preparations. The
effect of arsenic is not usually so sud-
den that it will render the insect unable
to reach its home. The nectar is not
digested by the bee in any quantity,
but is carried in the honey-sac and
really remains intact, for the slight
mi.xing with the saliva of the bee can
hardly affect it, and there is none di-
gested except the slight part of it which
passes beyond the honey-sac into the di-

gesting stomach proper. It will thus
be seen that there is great probability
of some poisonous honey being stored
where it might cause the death of per-
sons eating of it. So much for the
apiarist's side of this question.

Now as to the possibility of avoiding
the damage. We are all horticulturists
as well as bee-keepers, and I dare say
the apiarists are very scarce who can-
not own to the possession of a few
dozen apple-trees or peach-trees, at
least. Many of our extensive bee-keep-
ers are large orchardists, and they will
tell you that it is quite possible to be-
gin spraying just before fruit-bloom if it
is thought best, and continue until quite
a few of the buds are open, f.Iso during
bloom at times when the weather is
cloudy or too cool for the bees to fly ;
and that it is also possible to spray
the different varieties in turn, as the
bloom opens, since there is a difference
between one variety and another in the
time of blooming. Thus spraying, if
necessary, may be carried on almost un-
interruptedly from the time when the
first trees begin to shed petals. Af-
ter the bulk of the bloom has fallen
the danger almost entirely disappears,
and the occasional death of a bee is
nothing to the wholesale slaughter oc-
casioned by injudicious spraying during
the height of the blossoming of the
fruit-trees — apple and peach, principally.

Concerrjng the advisability of spray-
ing during bloom, regardless of the in-
terests of apiculture and of the public
health through honey consumption, there
are strong points against it. The fall-
ing of the spray within the corolla of
the blossom will often cause the dilu-
tion of the pollen by the poison. This
pollen is thus rendered inactive, owing
to the strength of the mixture, and the
fruit which it is proposed to protect
is prevented from forming. If the spray
comes from above, it falls on the
corolla and the fruit is sheltered against
it, although it is the very skin of the
forming fruit which it is desirable to
reach, and that alone. Should the

148

Feb. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

poison gather wilhin the corolla and
flow to the fruit, it will only touch
the center of it, and if it is not yet fer-
tilized, it may be entirely blighted by
the very thing which is intended to
protect it. Not so, if the bloom is
over. The fruit is then fertile, and is
exposed to the spray, whether it comes
from above, from below, or from the
side.

To sum up, if it is thought best to
spray early, a portion of it may be done
before the opening of the blossoms, with
a steady continuation after the bloom
is about over. But the most important
point is the continuation of spraying,
over and over, during the first few-
weeks after the fruit is formed. One
of the largest fruit shippers in the
country told me that from his observa-
tions, the most successful and most
perfect crops of apples were secured
when spraying was continued two, three
and even as many as five times over,
after the forming of the fruit.

The proposed law on spraying will
work no hardship on the judicious
fruit-grower. It is only intended to
protect the apiary against the careless
and inconsiderate spraying of trees dur-
ing full bloom.

Hamilton, III.

Putting Bees Out of the
Cellar

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

I am keeping bees mainly for the
profit there is in them, therefore from a
matter-of-fact standpoint, for I am sure
that one week of practical experience is
worth years of theorizing. Believing
this to be so, I propose to take the
reader right into my apiary, as it were,
and show him just how I take the bees
from the cellar. It is a little easier to
have a man to help you put the laees
out, but I often do this alone by the
aid of a spring wheelbarrow, and it can
be done with a wheelbarrow without
springs. However. I think it pays well
to procure one with springs for apiary
work, as we wish it hundreds of times
during the year, and the springs help
very materially, not only in putting the
bees into and out of the cellar, but in
all wheeling of comb honey, or combs
at all times when it is cold enough so
they are brittle.

But we are to speak more particularly
in this article about putting the bees
from the cellar, and doing it alone,
therefore we commence by lighting the
bee-smoker and taking that and the
wheelbarrow to the cellar door. Now if
we have one or two old horse-blankets,
or something of that sort (old bed-
quilts are still better), to fold and
spread on the wheelbarrow, we will
have something that will take off all
jar, so that the bees will not even know
they are being carried about. With a
spring wheelbarrow thus fixed I wheel
hives full and running over with bees,
right in July and August, no matter
how hot it is, and they offer no resist-
ance, unless I do such a bungling job
in loading them, that they are aware
of being handled before they are safely
on the wheelbarrow.

Having the spring wheelbarrow "pad-
ded" and at the cellar door, together
with the smoker, I go in and carefully
take the first hive next to the door and
carry it to the wheelbarrow, setting it
thereon. The next thing is to shut the
cellar-door quickly, so the bees remain-
ing therein will not be awakened from
their winter nap. The door being shut,
the entrance to the hive is closed by put-
ing a wet cotton-cloth over it, tucking
the same closely about it so that no
bee can get out, should they become
disturbed from any reason so they were
inclined to do so. Bees that get out
of their hive at this stage of the pro-
ceedings are the worst to sting of any
time of the year, seemingly, because
they are suddenly awakened from their
long winter nap.

Then there is another reason why
none should get out here at the cellar-
door, for such bees as do get out before
the hive is placed on the stand which
it is to occupy, are lost, as they mark
their location where they leave their
hive, and hang about the cellar-door
trying to sting me every time I come
after a hive, till they finally die from
cold, starvation or exhaustion.

I now turn back one corner of the
cloth a little, just enough so that a few
puffs of smoke can be blown in, when
the hive is wheeled to where it is to
stand during the season, and a bottom-
board placed for it. If your hives have
bottom-boards nailed to them, of course
this clean bottom-board will not be
used ; but I prefer a loose bottom-board,
so that a clean one can be given every
colony when it is put out, believing this
far better than to allow the filth col-
lected during the winter to remain, or
the raking of this filth out with a bent
wire, as some recommend.

Having the bottom-board in place,
proceed to pull the crate-staples, or
whatever kept the bottom-board at-
tached to the hive for carrying to and
from the cellar, thus having the hive
ready to be lifted to the new stand.
But before doing this, blow in a few
more puffs of smoke to send the bees
up among their combs so that they will
be slow in coming out for their first
spring flight, thus avoiding the "mix-
ing of bees" many have where no pre-
caution is taken.

The hive is now placed on the clean
bottom-board and the entrance regu-
lated to suit the size of the colony, giv-
ing 4 inches in length to the strongest
colonies, and one inch to the weakest.
I next clean the bottom-board the
colony had during the winter and place
it "summer up" on the next stand for
the next colony to occupy, as soon as it
is brought from the cellar, which is the
next thing to do, doing the work in
the same manner we did with the first
one. And in this way the work is done
till all are out.

But when shall thi-s putting out be
done? is a question often asked. Some
tell us to put bees out as early as a
good warm day presents itself after the
first of March. Others say wait till
warm weather comes, so as to hang on
for a little while, and till the bees can
profitably secure something from the
fields ; but I prefer to take a "happy

medium" between the two, and so wait
till the colony or two, which I gen-
erally leave out during the winter as
"test colonies," begin to secure pollen
quite freely, which is usually done upon
the blossoming of the soft maple and
red or "slippery" elms.

After years of experience, I find that
when the bees are put out earlier than
this, we have so many cold spells that
the bees dwindle, or in other words,
more bees die from cold, and through
going out in search of water or sweets
in unpropitious weather, than are re-
placed by emerging brood ; and if left
in too late, the colony becomes so weak
through too many bees becoming rest-
less from desire to get out, this caus-
ing, them to die from exhausted vital-
ity ; and thus there are not enough
energetic bees left in the colony, after
their first flight, to build up rapidly
in time for the harvest of honey from
white clover. But when put out on
the blossoming of the elm and soft ma-
ple, a colony of fair strength seems
able to cause S to lo young bees to
emerge during the ne.xt 30 to 40 days,
to take the place of each old bee there
was in the hive when it was put from
the cellar, and thus the colony becomes
prosperous to the highest degree just
in time to take advantage of the bloom-
ing of the white clover.

Just try this plan of putting out, do-
ing it at the time suggested, and see
if you do not find it better than any-
thing you have done before, unless
you have practiced what is here given
in other years.

Borodino, N. Y.

Invention of the Honey-
Extractor

BY F. GREINER.

There is perhaps many a bee-keeper
who makes use of the honey-extractor
although he may know little, if anything,
about the man who invented it. That
the name "Hruschka" may not be for-
gotten, and to show how a most in-
significant " happenstance " may some-
times be the beginning of revolutioniz-
ing a whole industry, I write the fol-
lowing lines :

Major von Hruschka was an officer
in the Austrian army at Legano, Italy.
He was born in 1813 in the Austrian
province, Moravia; after the war with
Prussia, he left the army, lived for a
time in Dolo, and finally in Venice,
where he died at the age of 75 years,
in 1888. During his leisure hours the
Major devoted his time to the care of
the honey-bee. This afforded him great
pleasure.

One day when at work with the bees,
he handed a plate of comb honey to his
boy to take to the house. The plate
was in a small, covered basket, and as
the boy started from the apiary the
bees were after him. To ward them
off he whirled the basket around his
head as he was running. When he
reached the house, it was found that a
large part of the honey was out of
the comb and on the plate. The un-
sealed portion from the underside had

Feb. 21, 1907

American Vee Journal

been forced out. The Major, anxious
about the boy, followed liiin, and when
he noticed the honey on the plate, and
the condition it was in, he m;irveled.

After some study he concluded that
the centrifugal force was the cause of
the occurrence, and at once constructed
a honey-e.\tractor, which he exhibited
in 1865 at a bec-keep'ers' meeting held
in Bruenn, Sept. 12 to 14, by the Ger-
man-Austrian bee-keepers. Great was
the enthusiasm over the invention.

As soon .■
honey could
by centrifuj;
honey-extr.u
market with
provemcnts
chine. Like
benefactors,
reward whic
poor man.-
Bztg. '

- )t was noised about that
I" separated from the comb

il force, a good many
("IS were thrown upon the

Ihu slight changes and im-
(Aer Hruschka's first ma-

niany other inventors and
the Major did not reap the
h was his due. He drcd a
Translated from the Leipz.

>'

. C^onvention
' Proceedings'

."%'^-

Convention of Bee- Keepers'
Associations at Brantford

REPORTED BY J. L. BYER.

The annual convention of the bee-
keepers' associations of Brant and ad-
joining counties was held in Brantford,
Ont., on Jan. 29, 30, and 31, 1907.

The meeting was called to order by
Pres. Shaver, of the Brant County As-
sociation, who asked Mr. O. L. Hershi-
ser to take the chair. Mr. Hershiser,
after thanking the members for the
honor conferred upon him, invited Mr.
Holtermann to open the discussion on
the subject for the evening, namely:
"Hints for present use in wintering;
either in repositories or outdoors."

Hints on Wintering Bees.

Mr. Holtermann said there were more
signs of dysentery among their bees in
the cellar than ever experienced before.
He attributed it to quality of some
honey gathered by the bees on Long
Point. Some of this honey showed air-
cells under the cappings; it was gath-
ered from a species of mint, had a de-
cided minty flavor, and was of a green-
ish color.

Mr. Holtermann had a sample of this
honey at the convention, and all who
tasted it agreed that it was the most
peculiar tasting honey they had ever
sampled. Several bee-keepers said it re-
minded them of some samples of foreign
honey they had tasted. Mr. Holtermann
had been feeding some sugar syrup
about a week before, to the 20-odd colo-
nies afTected, and thought there was a
decided change for the better.

Mr. Hershiser thought that feeding
a colony affected with dysentery with
thick sugar syrup would benefit every
time. Recently during a warm day,
some bees fed on sugar syrup did not
offer to fl\-, while those not so fed flew
freely.

Mr. House — Outside conditions often
have much to do with the matter, but in
Mr. Holtermann's case the troube is un-
doubtedly being caused b\' an acid of
some nature in the honey.

Mr. Taylor said a neighbor of his had
fed sugar syrup all winter to his bees
in a damp cellar, and they had wintered
perfectly.

Mr. Smith thought that candy made
of sugar and honey was a splendid win-
ter food for bees, notwithstanding re-
ports to the contrary. In his opinion,
there had been something radically
wrong in making the candy.

Mr. Chrysler — Two years ago my
bees gathered a large quantity of honey
from "spurges." When first gathered,
it made any one sick who would taste
it; later it lost some of its objectionable
features. The bees filled their hives
solid, and the winter loss was quite
heavy.

Mr. Armstrong — Are you sure, Mr.
Holtermann, that the bees had been cov-
ering these combs of honey in which the
air-cells were noticed?

Mr. Holtermann — Yes.

Mr. Coggshall thought possibly pollen
in the honey was responsible for dys-
entery, but Mr. Hershiser thought not.

Mr. Smith said formerly he thought
pollen caused dysentery, and for some
years he extracted all honey from the
brood-nest and fed sugar syrup. He
had discontinued the practise as he
thought results did not pay for the ex-
tra work.

Mr. Holtermann — Confining bees
closely in the summer will bring on
dysentery.

Mr. Hershiser — When putting bees
into the cellar last fall, I found one
colony so badly affected with dysentery
that I had no hopes for them, but they
appear to be better now.

Mr. Smith — Probably unsealed stores
caused the trouble. Now they are on
sealed stores and it disappears.

Mr. Craig — Will _ thin syrup ferment
in the combs as quickly as poor honey?

Mr. Holtermann — Yes.

Mr. Craig and Mr. Armstrong said
they had had sugar syrup left in ves-
sels all winter and it did not ferment.

J. L. Byer — It is all a question as to
how thick the syrup is.

Celi.ar-Winterinc of Bees.

"What is the first requisite in cellar-
wintering, temperature or ventilation?"

Mr. Chrysler — Temperature.

Mr. House — Temperature before ven-
tilation.

Mr. Hershiser — Captain Hethering-
ton's first cellar had sub-earth ventila-
tion, but later he discarded these ar-
rangements and much better results
were obtained.

Mr. House said his father used to
lower the temperature in his cellar by
sub-earth ventilation. The cellar was
moist, with water on the bottom, but
upward ventilation relieved that.

A Member — Too quickly lowering the
temperature is apt to disturb the bees.

Mr. Holtermann — Go into a cellar,
three or four at a time, and the tem-
perature will rise.

Mr. Hershiser. — My bees are next the
furnace, and they don't mind my com-
ing in continually; door is open mostly
with temperature 32 to 44 degrees. Last
year as high as 72.

Mr. Byer — What about outside bees
affected with dysentery?

Mr. Coggshall — Nothing but a flight
will help them.

Mr. Byer reported having half a
dozen strong colonies quite badly af-
fected, and as Mr. Hershiser and others
thought sugar syrup would help them,
Mr. Byer was asked to experiment and
report results.

A Member — What is the cause of a
few colonies getting dysentery, while the
rest are wintering perfectly?

No one could give a positive answer
to the question, but some thought bees
differed in constitutional matters, the
same as animals.

Mr. Adams thought the unusual
amount of dysentery was caused by the
damp season. He was using a gas
flame to counteract the dampness of
the cellar.

Mr. Laing asked Mr. Holtermann how
often he found it necessary to use a
stove in his cellar.

Mr. Holtermann — It all depends upon
the conditions of the cellar.

Mr. Byer — Are Italians more apt to
take dysentery than other races of bees?

Mr. Hershiser — Some strains of bees
are more liable than others, but not
necessarily Italians.

Mr. Byer said that he had noticed in
his j'ards. that Italians were more sub-
ject to the disease than were Carnio-
lans.

Snow Around Hives.

"Is it desirable to allow snow to re-
main around hives?"

Mr. Smith would not object to snow,
but would not want the entrances to get
clogged. He recommended a small hole
in the hive-front, half-way up, as a safe-
ty-valve. Mr. Hershiser endorsed this
view.

Mr. Holtermann — The Michigan con-
vention was unanimous in agreeing that
it was not necessary to remove snow
from hive-entrances: The heat of the
bees would melt away the snow.

Mr. Chrysler used a hive with a por-
tico, the entrance of the hive open full
width. The portico has a door with a
contracted entrance.

150

Feb. 21, 1907

American IBee Journal

Mr. Byer said it depended a great
deal upon the time of the year that snow
fell. If a heavy fall came late in the
spring on strong colonies, disaster was
apt to follow.

Some years ago D. W. Heise had a
number of strong colonies smother be-
fore the snow could be taken away. This
was early in April.

Mr. Smith — Snow is apt to make
strong colonies too warm, and cause too
much early breeding.

Brood in Hives in Winter.

"Is it detrimental to have much
brood in the hive at this time of the
year?''

Mr. Smith would not want so much
brood so early.

Mr. Byer thought that bees outside
had brood earlier in the winter than was
generally thought. He had helped to
destroy some colonies slightly affected
with foul brood about the middle of

January, and ever}- colony had quite a
quantity of brood in all stages.

Mr. Hershiser asked Mr. Holtermann
his experience with cellar-wintered bees
when first put out.

Mr. Holtermann stated that usually
he found but little brood, and the less
there was, he thought, the better.

Mr. Coggshall— Mr. Elthorp of my
State, lowers the temperature of his
cellar by throwing cold water on the
floor, and this discourages brood-rear-
ing.

Mr. Smith one spring had his bees
with brood in every colony, and they
never did better. In common with other
speakers, he, too, would sacrifice ven-
tilation rather than temperature.

Mr. Burke — Last year I wintered bees
without ventilation successfully, and this
year, by ventilating like Mr. Holter-
mann, was in hopes my bees would in-
crease. [Laughter.]

(Continued next week.)

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Markham, Ont.

Wax-RendeFing- Methods

In Jan. 1st and Jan. ISth issues of
Gleanings, Mr. H. H. Root gives re-
sults of some experiments in wax-ren-
dering, and the conclusions he reaches
makes me feel like saying, " I told you
so," as they are nothing more nor less
than a triumph for the Hatch-Gemmill
wax-press.

Some time ago Mr. F. Greiner ex-
pressed himself as follows in the
American Bee Journal :

" I can make but about 3 runs with the
German eteam wax -extractor, and the amount
of wax at the end of the day will be about 15
pounds. It is a mussy job, and I would
gladly give any man half, or more, of the
wax that he might be able to boil, squeeze,
extract, or get in any way out of the stufl,
provided I had nothing to do about it."

From what experience I have had
with steam wax-presses, I judge that
Mr. Greiner accomplished about an
average day's work, and for a long
time I have wondered how bee-keepers
could have the patience to bother with
such a machine, when for a much less
cost they could have a press of ten
times as much value as far as actual
results are concerned.

Mr. Root concludes that he can ren-
der, with the Hatch-Gemmill press,
from 7 to 10 pounds of wax per hour,
and this includes remelting the slum-
gum and giving it the second pressing.
He claims that with but one melting
the slnmgura, after pressing, will con-
tain from 8 to 12 percent of wax, but
after the second treatment only from
1 to 3 percent of wax will be left in the

refuse. The amount left after the sec-
ond melting was determined by con-
tinued pressing and shaking up of the
slumgum for 2 hours in the German
steam-press.

I have melted up a great many combs
and pressed out quite a few hundred
pounds of wax with the Hatch-Gem-
mill press, but have never given the
slumgum the second pressing. I did,
though, last winter, take the refuse
from which 82 pounds of wax had been
pressed, and run it through the steam-
press by way of experiment (experi-
ence, rather), securing in the operation
1>2 pounds of a poor quality of wax.
Needless to say I decided that it was
necessary to have some better machine
to secure the wax (if wax there was)
from slumgum, from the Hatch-Gem-
mill press.

As to amount of combs that can be
handled, I will give the following as an
example, but by no means as a record,
as any one else could do as well:

About 140 old combs were all broken
up small, and brought by the stove. In
a little over 3 hours from the time
melting operations were started, we
(Mrs. Byer and myself) had 71 pounds
of wax, which was ready for the mar-
ket, simply by scraping off the bottoms
of the cakes. A Toronto dealer bought
the wax, and I think he would vouch
for the statement that it was of good,
average quality. For some reason,
wax from the steam-presses is never of
as good a quality as that obtained by
other means.

I might add that the slumgum from
the Hatch-Gemmill press has been

saved for the past 2 years, and I am
looking forward with interest to hav-
ing the privilege of testing the same
in the Hershiser press. If spared, to
make the test I will, at my earliest op-
portunity, give the readers of the
American Bee Journal the result.

Moving Bees in Winter

In a letter received some time in
December, Mr. Whiteside, of Little
Britain, says : " I was moving bees
yesterday, to-day, and will be to-mor-
row." Formerly, I was much opposed
to moving bees in the winter, and if
any one asked my advice in the matter,
I always urged them not to undertake
such a thing, as it would almost cer-
tainly mean the death of the bees. You
see, I was going by what the other fel-
lows told me. However, while at the
Victoria County convention, 4 years
ago, this question came up, and Mr.
Whiteside and some others were in-
clined to laugh at me for the advice I
gave a gentleman who was contem-
plating moving some bees 14 miles on
the sleigh in December. Contrary to
my advice, the bees were moved and
wintered first-class, out-doors, in an
extremely hard winter.

The following season, owing to the
farmer on whose land some of my bees
were, selling his farm and buying an-
other only a short distance away, it be-
came necessary for me to move the
bees something less than half a mile.
Moving bees such a short distance in
the summer season, is always attended
with the danger of losing a lot of the
field-force, by the bees going back to
their old location ; so in view of my
Victoria county friend's experience, I
decided to move them as soon as there
was enough snow for sleighing. The
bees were packed in chafi^, 2 hives in a
case, and sufficient snow being on the
ground on Dec. 10, teams were secured
and suSicient men, and in half a day
the 60 colonies were moved without a
mishap. Hive-entrances were closed
with pieces of wire-cloth, and it was
well that we did so, as the bees rushed
to the entrance when disturbed, as if
it were a summer's day, instead of the
thermometer being within a few de-
grees of zero.

After being placed on their new loca-
tion, the screens were not removed till
near night, as the bees were around
the entrances, and numbers would have
rushed out and perished in the snow.

As there were some 30 colonies at
this place, that had been moved there
the previous spring, here was a good
test to see if moving in the winter was
detrimental or not. Although none of
these bees had a flight previous to the
latter end of March, yet they wintered
in excellent condition, and, as far as
I could see, there was no difference in
the two lots of bees.

Whether it would be safe to move
bees late in the winter, I will not ven-
ture an opinion. However, as far as I
am concerned, personally, I would
hesitate to move bees January or Feb-
ruary if they had no flight since say
Nov. 1. Yet I have no evidence to
prove that bad results would follow,
and there is a possibility that it might

Feb. 21, 1907

H^^^^C

American T^ee Journal j^^

151

■i'f^^

prove all right, even as it did unex-
pectedly with me, when I moved my
bees in December.

Bee-Keeping for Farm Boys and
Girls

Once more the Christmas bells have rung,
and again the happy New Year is given to the
contented and happy people of Canada. This
is the time ot year for municipal elections,
conventions, and of annual meetings of the
different societies of the land, and it is well
that the people (farmers included) should
take stock of how they are prospering in their
calling. The farmers of Ontario have one
very great advantage over those of the West,
in that they can carry on so many different
branches of farming.

Now, Mr. Editor, I propose another line of
husbandry which 1 would recommend, espe-
cially to the young men and women, and that
is bee-keeping. I see no reason why the
farmers' sons and daughters of Ontario could
not keep a few hives of bees. I do not know
of any greater luxury on the farm than
plenty of honey. There are very few people
who do not like a dish of honey, but I believe
a great many people think it is impossible to
keep bees without getting stung. I have
kept a few colonies for the last 25 years, and
there is no more 'danger in opening a hive of
bees than in leading a young horse to water,
when you understand them. In the first
place, there is no insect that the temperature
of the weather affects so much, and then it is

so very easy to protect yourself that the dan-
ger of being stung is nothing.

My outfit consists of a veil fastened to an
old hat, coverinir neck and face, then a pair
of harvest glovis and a smoker lilled with
rotten wood and a coal, and 1 am ready for
business. Of course, the most ot the work
with bees is done in warm weather in summer.

I do not recommend any one to rush in
heavily until he becojiies acquainted with
them. I trust these few ideas will set some
of our young farmers to trying a colony in
the spring, and they will lind both pleasure
and proUt in bees.— A Fabmeb, in Farmer's
Advocate.

The foregoing^ is a sensible sugges-
tion and worthy of the consideration
of a good many farmers. True, all
farmers will not make bee-keepers, but
a few bees on many farms would not
only be a source of income, but also
an attraction to growing boys and
girls, if they are properly instructed.
Many farmers follow the practise of
giving calves, lambs, etc., to their
growing boys, and allow them to man-
age the same as a source of income for
the boys' own use. Why not give the
boy a colony of bees for the same pur-
pose ?

Methinks, if more of the farmers
would follow this or similar plans, a
great many more boys than is now the
case would be content to stay on the
farm.

Conducted by EiiMi M. VViLauN, Marengo, iii.

Qrowing Sweet Clover

I have just returned from the annual
meeting of the Nebraska State Bee-
Keepers' Association at Lincoln, where
we had an interesting meeting, with a
larger attendance than usual.

Of course, sweet clover was up for
discussion, and the point was brought
out that it was sometimes difficult to
get a stand when seed was sown in
spring. It was also shown that some-
times when it did not come up soon
after sowing the seed remained dor-
mant until the following spring, and
then made a good stand. Now, my ex-
perience has been that the seed that
falls and stays out all winter germi-
nates much more quickly and evenly
than seed that has been gathered and
housed until spring.

I have found, too, that it is slow
work getting sweet clover if one sows
seed in great weed-patches. Sweet
clover will run out other weeds if it
gets a fair start amongst them, hut,
like alfalfa, the plant is fine, and
rather delicate at the start.

I get sweet clover to grow in weed-
patches, but I don't do it with seed, but
with transplanted roots. Get them out

as early as you can, and they come
strong and vigorous, ready to cope
with anything, and hardly seeming to
know that they have been moved.

I have done considerable transplant-
ing, as well as scattering seed by the
roadside, and with excellent results;
and, as I told the bee-keepers at our
annual meeting, I have not heard any
grumbling from the neighbors, al-
though it did come to my ears that a
certain agent had remarked on the
thicket of " weeds " along the road " so
a fellow could hardly get through." If
I had only bought a sewing machine
from him he would have managed to
get through, and without grumbling !
(Mrs.) a. Iv. Amos.

Comstock, Nebr., Jan. 19.

Cleaning Sections of Honey

Dear Miss Wilson :— I was much
interested in your report in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for Dec. 27, on the
question of cleaning sections for the
market. I must confess that Dr.
Miller's statement amazed me at the
time ; it was so far beyond anything I
have ever done myself. On the other

hand, to do only 4 cases a day seems
extreme in the other direction. That
would be 2 hours to a case.

I have never sat a whole day at one
time cleaning sections, but I have
often timed myself in cleaning cases,
and I think my average was about half-
an-hour to unpack and clean each case
of 28sections. Like you, I find it much
easier to clean sections in cold weather,
but, then, all the fine honey I could
put on the market in July brought me
$2.75 to $3.00 a case ; in October I got
only $2.40. So I had to put extra labor
against extra price.

I do not exactly know what a T-super
is, but when I read of Dr. Miller and
other bee-keepers sitting and standing
on their supers, I was glad I used the
ordinary section-holders with wood
separators.

When I take my supers off the hives
I clean roughly with a hive-scraper
out-of-doors, and then bring them into
the honey-house. There I unpack and
handle each section separately, putting
it into an empty case as 1 finish with it.

This year I had girls working for
me for a few days. When I unpacked
they scraped a super in about 20 min-
utes each, but when left to unpack and
scrape themselves, they did 12 to 14
cases a day, each working 8 hours a
day. I did all the grading and pack-
ing myself. I do not think it would
be possible to do all the work as you
do in the bulk. There is a great deal
of propolis here. I took a lump from a
hive one day and weighed it for curi-
osity. It weighed an ounce.

Just at present I can not call myself
a bee-keeper, for my brother has sold
his ranch here and I have sold my bees,
and intend going to California next
week. However, I am too much inter-
ested in bees to do without them for
very long, though this may be the last
time I shall sign myself —

January 9, 1907. " Colorado."

That's just the trouble, if you did
know what the T-super is, and how to
use it, you would not be so well satis-
fied with the section-holder, I think. I
have used both, and much prefer the T-
super.

Don't let the matter of emptying the
T frighten you. It is only an extreme
case when you have to sit or stand
upon it, and even then it is not so very
difficult, as sitting or standing upon
them is not very hard work. I am sure
you could empty supers very much
more rapidly with the T than with the
section-holder. You will readily see
that they are not so very difficult to
handle when I tell you that I have
emptied hundreds, yes, thousands of
them.

The matter of cleaning sections
alone, if there were no other advan-
tages— and I think there are many —
would decide me in favor of the T. I
think I could never be satisfied to use
a holder that necessitated the handling
of sections singly. I do not know just
how bad propolis is with you, but we
have the reputation of being in a very
gluey region.

So you are going to California to
live. I almost envy you. I hope that
you will not be long beeless, and that
the change will not lessen your inter-
est in the sisters' corner. I trust we
may still hear from you often.

Feb. 21, 1907

American ~Bee Jonrnal

outhem

Conducted by Luuis H. ScuuLL, New Bruuusleia

The Care of Bees in February

For the progressive Southern bee-
keeper October and February are two
of the most important months of the
year, for in the first-named all efforts
are made to prepare the bees for the
winter with plenty of stores, so that
the colonies may come up in good
shape for harvest time the next season.

In the early spring, as soon as the
weather permits, he is anxious to make
a thorough examination of his bees
and ascertain whether they have
" pulled through " all right ; and tries
to put them all in such condition as
will bring them up to the best possible
shape for the honey-flow later ; that is,
he manages his colonies so as to have
them strong in bees just at the right
time to take advantage of the flow. To
attain his purpose, upon which the
whole art of bee-keeping depends in
producing good crops of honey, he
must give his attention to several
items :

First, the main examination of all col-
onies as soon as warm weather in early
spring allows it, which generally be-
gins here in February — sometimes even
in January in mild winters, and March
when the winters have been severe,
although this happens very seldom.

The colonies are examined — 1st, for
their supply of stores ; 2d, for their
strength of the colonies ; 3d, for
" queen-rightness " or queenlessness ;
and 4th, as to the condition of the
brood-combs. Of each of these points
notes are made in the note-book.

Colonies short of stores would best
be fed on full combs of honey, and it
is essential to have these at least
partly uncapped. By giving such full
combs in the spring it will be found
how advantageous it is to keep in
reserve a stock of them at the time
of the honey harvest for use the next
season. I do this by leaving a number
of shallow extracting supers on strong
colonies the year around. Whenever a
" short " colony is found one of these
supers with honey is simply set on top
of it — an easy job. In making such
exchanges of combs from one colony
to another, it is very important to
know for certain that there are no dan-
gers of scattering foul brood or other
bee-diseases. Without the combs of
honey, sugar syrup should be fed as
previously given.

It is an easy matter to ascertain the
the strength of the colonies. If the
cluster does not spread over the space
of at least 4 or S combs, it should be
marked as " weak," and should be
united with another colony. Such

uniting should be practised without
hesitancy ; even though the number of
colonies is reduced, more attention
should be paid toward having stronger
colonies.

" Queen-right " are all the colonies
having brood in their combs. If queen-
less, they should be united if the colo-
nies are weak, while good, strong colo-
nies should be given a "laying"
queen from reserve nuclei kept for
that purpose. If no queens can be had

at this time of the year, uniting with
another colony should be done, as it is,
in most of our seasons, too early to
rear^oorf queens for such colonies.

The condition of the combs is of
great importance for the progress of
the colonies. Only nice, clean, straight
combs should be tolerated. Crooked
combs, or such as are not straight in
,the frames, and bulge out on one side,
allowing a hollow surf ace on the other,
are detrimental to brood-rearing. In
many cases the cells of such combs are
not, and can not be, used for brood,
especially where there are no cells on
the bulged-out side of a comb. All
such combs should be removed and re-
placed with frames filled with founda-
tion in full sheets.

Drone-comb should be cut out. It is
only necessary for a colony to have
drone-comb of a total space about as
large as a man's hand, because it is
better for the colony, as they must
have some of it. This should be scat-
tered throughout the hive, hence small
"batches" can be left in the lower
corners of the brood-combs.

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

New Comb Honey in Cellar.

At the Ontario convention they as-
signed to U. H. Bowen, of Niagara
Falls, the part that belongs to the lion
among beasts (and bee-keepers), to-wit,
the production of comb honey. Was
he equal to the job ? Yes. But what
did he say that might make the rest of
us sit up and woggle our ears 7 Put
your newly harvested sections down
cellar (! I) — and keep more or less fire
there every day as long as the honey
stays there. (Ah, possibly that might
do.) Page 12.

Few Unfinished Sections.

I take off my hat to F. W. Hall. He
produced S313 sections and had only 18
unfinished. Consider myself " some "
in getting my sections finished up ; but
I don't seem to be in the same class
with Mr. H. Page 17.

Pure Food Law and Its Effect.

I, for one, feel a little afraid of the
effect of so much triumpe 1 triumpe I
triumpe ! over the Pure Food Law.
Make us all think that purity and good-
ness are sure to come without any
effort on our part. Make the rogues
all laugh in their sleeves, and set some
new sails in the full assurance that no-
body will go after them just now. I
speak feelingly — squealingly, in fact.
I'm an invalid and health-food crank.
Before the much-praised law came into

force, there was one place in Toledo
where I could (and did) get abundance
of excellent and pure peanut butter.
Since the law came in force I sent (not
went) to the same place for 2 pounds
more. I received the product of a dif-
ferent firm, and stuff which I can't eat.
Adulterated I'm quite sure ; and prob-
ably more or less of the adulteration is
grease, which I hold greatly in abomi-
nation. Page 25.

Bees and Poetry.

Can't you let a fellow have any
poetic license at all 7 Yes, we can, and
lots of it. But when a poet undertakes
to write about bees we are a little in-
clined to hold his Pegasus clear down
to the actual facts. W'M the poet, on
page 27, take notice that bees don't
die (except by violence) with pollen on
their legs? Furthermore, live ones
seldom have pollen when working on
clover — and when they do it's not
golden but dark-colored. Apart from
too much license the verses are nice,
and the lesson good.

Parthenogenesis and Other Ways
of Reproduction.

Many, many thanks to Prof. Cook
for setting us right about the claim
that other men did more to discover
parthenogenesis than did Dzierzon.
The other men saw with the micro-
scope what they were told they would

Feb. 21, 1907

Anu»rican "Bae Journal

see ; but, surely, the man who was
able to tell them what they would see
was the real discoverer. Hard for peo-
ple to realize how great that discovery
was. Moreover, if I mistake not, it
opened the door for other great discov-
eries. It is now known that there are
at least four kinds of reproduction :
Sexual reproduction, Parthenog^enesis,
Gemmation, and Fission. In Gemma-
tion something analogous to a bud
(gemma) forms somewhere on the or-
ganism. It grows and develops, and
finally separates as a new creature. In
Fission the original organism gradu-
ally divides into two organisms just
alike, or nearly so. Joseph Cook, a dis-
tinguished preacher of Hoston, once
made a stir by claiming that the birth
of Christ was a Parthenogenesis. Then
he allowed himself to be frightened out
of his claim, I believe. In my small
field I would renew the claim. The
birth of Christ was a Parthenogenesis.
The birth of Eve was a Gemmation.
Page 27.

Rbproduction by Fission.

And here is another tremendous
thought which has just been trying to
get abroad in the world. In Fission
neither one is parent, and neither one
is child. Of the individuals produced
by Fission, many die from various
causes, but none (it is claimed) die of
old age. L/ife is a continually sub-
divided stream, but it is the same
stream. Here is praclicalimmortality,
not in any heaven, but visible to man's
eyes and right here upon the earth.
Why not an institute be endowed to
study Fission with a hundred micro-
scopes till the secret is discovered why
the cells of creatures that reproduce by
Fission do not grow old 7 And when
they get that secret can they not make
at least longevity out of it for human
beings?

But, alas, the whole thing will prob-
ably turn out to be a mare's nest (big-
g^est one on record), although it is not
pleasant to say it. More likely it will
transpire that the facts have been over-
stated—observers observed well, but
not long enough. It will be found (I
can tell 'em) that after a certain large
number of divisions there will be a
rest, and something analogous to a
spore formation. If not so, then some
other way. Life will spit on its hands,
and take a new and rejuvenated start,
much as it does under other forms of
reproduction. Page 27.

Honey as a Healtli-Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
teUs where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copyJfor> a 2-oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for f2 25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for {7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

r

\.

Pacific (toast
ITIunnurinc^s

A Visit to the Home of Patrick Keat-
ing, Apiarist

I spent a wcuk with a bachelor bee-
keeper just after the middle of October,
in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Califor-
nia. The place is about as lonely as
one would wish to find, though, to tell
tlie trutli, tlicrc was lots of life not more
than a mile away, at the mines.

It was to the little ranch of Patrick
Keating up on the Alaniedas above Ha-
cienda, Santa Cl.ara Co., that I hied my-
self. Near by, up on the hills, are the
shafts and tunnels of the New Almaden
quicksilver mines, for a long time the
richest in the world. Of late years, the
mines have not been yielding so largely
— in fact, there is a belief that they are
"petering" out. Yet there is a chance
of richer ore than ever being discovered.
The hills around were honey-combed
for the heavy metal — the prospector's
tunnels are to be found everywhere
about the hills. This year prospectors
are out in every direction trying to
"strike" lime and cement quarries.
Some have already been found. The
possessor of a cement quarry has some-
thing that pays better than a gold mine,
though, perhaps, not so fascinating.
The demand for cement in San Fran-
cisco is something enormous and there
are millions in it.

My friend invited me to see him. I
went expecting to stay but 4 days, but
so pleasant and entertaining were my
days made by "mine host" that a week's
length was reached before I left for
home. I will hereafter call my friend
by the name that he is known by for
a score of miles around. So I shall
just say "Pat," though his neighbors
know him as "Pat, the Bee-Man." No
matter where you go, every one knows
"Pat," and he is looked upon as the
philosopher of the mountain fastness
and of the valley below. He took me in
his buggy behind his fine horse,
"Teddy," (so named, I suppose, because
he likes to take the bit between his
teeth, like a distinguished ruler by the
same name, and run things to suit him-
self), and I could see that not only
the old settlers but the school-children
looked up to Pat as something of a
wonder. It may be because he could
subdue the bees, and it may be because
of his learning and the quaint way he
had of discussing the subject he was
dealing with.

Pat was a bee-keeper before he came
to America where he soon foreswore al-
legiance to his former sovereign, Queen
Victoria. He was reared on a small
farm in Tipperary County, Ireland. He
says that bees did not do well on the
"old sod," owing to the dampness of
the weather. He tried keeping bees in
Southern California. He found that the
yield was phenomenal some years, but
there were too many dry, or ofT years.
While his present location is not the best
in the world, still he likes the place be-

cause there is plenty of water the year
around, even in the driest of dry years.
He finds lliat it is not the dry years
in Northern California that fail of
honey, but the cool ones, like the past
year, whicli was noted for its abundant
rains.

A finer stream of pure, limpid water
I never saw than was the Alamedas,
which flows r-ght through Mr. Kcating's
place, and there was such an abundance
of it. I walked some 3 miles up the
bank of the main stream to near its
source to get a better idea of the flora
up the canyon. . There was an ever-
lasting tangle of plants on both sides,
and clean up to the top of the mountain.
And there was so much of those moun-
tains, you could easily understand that
there was no level land within sight.
It seemed a shame that so much waste
land could be everywhere about. There
were no timber-trees in this canyon.
One has to get nearer the coast to strike
the timber belt. But nearer the coast
the honey-plants are not so good, so
there is where the law of compensation
comes in, I suppose.

Pat lives a quiet life, free from strife
and worry, amid the hum of his bees
and the babbling of the saucy brook be-
low his cottage door. Companionship
he has, in a measure, in his self-willed
Teddy ; the brindle cow ; his dogs, Spink
and Stock; a few black cats; and a fine
flock of chickens. Almost as a hermit
of old, Pat lives with his pets, and, for
aught I know to the contrary, he may
call them his "brothers," as did that
austere poet of old, St. Francis, of As-
sisi. But how many of us could "batch"
it far from the haunts of men, even
with such "brothers" and "sisters" about
us as the dogs and the cats, and the cow
and the horse, and several million of
bees thrown in? But the life is a heal-
thy one, and with the work to be done
the day passes rapidly enough.

In the evening my friend meanders
down the creek to his nearest neighbor
for his mail. Here he spends some little
time talking with the stockman (for this
neighbor is a cattle-raiser) and his good
wife. Whether Pat's way is wended
nightly to his neighbor's, around many
a tortuous bend in the creek, just to get
his mail, which is delivered there, may
be questioned somewhat when it is re-
membered that there is a comely young
lady dwelling there with her parents.
This suspicion has to be set aside for
the trick is an old one and something
would have come of it ere this. Yet
who knows what may happen?

My friend Pat's ways as a bee-keeper
may be more interesting to my readers
than his life as a citizen. l\Iy excuse
for this character-sketch is just to show
what life out in the hills on a California
bee-ranch is like. Other features of
such life will appear in succeeding
sketches.

With this appears a view of Pat's
apiary and honey-house, with himself
shown "forninst" the middle foreground.
This is from a photo by a San Jose pro-
fessional. The other view was taken
by myself during my recent visit. It
gives a pretty fair idea of the bee-ranch
and the surrounding hills. The place is
rather picturesque, aside from its pro-
prietor. W. A. Pryal.

154

Feb 21, IW

American ISae Journal

W^^^E

KkH'-X^ ■ ■ ■- T

ocfor Miller

Send Questions either to the oilice or the American Bee .Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

C^^ Dr. Miller does 7iot answer Questions by mail.

Best Hive Paraphernalia to Start
With

1. What hive-body should I use — an 8 frame
era 10?

2. What should the supers be fitted with—
T-tins or section-holders? slatted or plain
separators? bee-way or no bee-way sections?

3. What make of hive should I start out
with? Michigan.

Answers. — 1. For extracted honey 10
frames, every time. For sections, maybe 8,
maybe 10. Unless you expect to pay the
closest attention to your bees, there is too
much danger of starvation with so small a
brood-chamber as 8 frames, but with fullest
attention and the right kind of management
you may sometimes do a little better with the
smaller hive for comb honey. So long as the
frames are the same, it is not a very hard
matter to change from one size of hive, so it
might not be a bad plan to try each.

2. After trying different ones, I have set-
tled down on T-supers, plain wood separators,
and 4,',4 bee-way sections. Of course, you
many not agree with me. I'm only saying
what I think is best for me.

3. You will hardly go astray to take the
hive most in use by men who keep bees for
the money that can be gotten out of the busi-
ness, and more of them seem agreed upon the
dovetailed hive than upon any other kind.

thing to raise the temperature in some way.
Good banking might accomplish it. Coarse
manure would do. .\ big lot of snow is good
while it lasts. The ventilation of the hives
would be all right in a dry cellar; but as it is
there would be advantage in giving more ven-
tilation at the top or bottom, or both. The
cellar might have more ventilation, too; but
in that case there might possibly be danger of
lowering temperature too much.

2. The drops of water on the cover is the
moisture from the bees, and settles there be-
cause of coldness and lack of ventilation.

3. There is probably some additional damp-
ness from the potatoes; the harm depending
upon the amount of potatoes.

4. I don't believe it would help much, if
any, to have a cement bottom.

5. Your going in and out is not likely to do
any harm unless you cool ofif the cellar by it.

Information on Cellar Wintering

nl. A year ago last fall I built a bee-cellar in
a side hill, 10x12 feet, with a 2-foot stone
wall. It is covered with dirt all around ex-
cept the front. I have a bee-shop on top. For
bottom ventilation I have a 2-iach gas-pipe
running from the bottom out 40 feet, 2 feet in
the ground. For top ventilation I have a
trap-door 18 inches square, which I go io and
out. Is the ventilation all right? I wintered
my bees there last winter, and they came out
in poor condition, with the combs all molded.
I went in last week, and the bees were all
right except one colony. They seem to be
quite noisy for this winter. The cellar seems
to be quite damp, but no mold around the
hives. My thermometer registers from 38 to
40 degrees. When I put the bees into the cel-
lar I put inch blocks under each front corner
on the bottom-board, and quarter-inch blocks
under the cover for top ventilation. Is that
all right?

2. On looking over my bees I found big
drops of water gathered under the covers.
What is the cause of it?

3. I keep potatoes in the same cellar.
Would that cause any dampness to the cellar?

4. If I put a cement bottom in the cellar
would it improve it?

5. I go in about every 2 weeks through the
trap door. It doesn't seem to disturb the
bees. Is there any harm in going in so often?

New York.
Answers. — 1. With dampness and mold
there is certainly something wrong. If your
thermometer is at all correct, the tempera-
ture of 38 to 40 degrees is too low, especially
where there is dampness. Qlt[would be a good

Bits of Cell-Capnings on the Bottom-
Board

I have noticed on the alighting-boards of 2
or 3 of my colonies a substance resembling
sawdust. What is this? I winter my bees
outside in small sheds packed with straw.
The sheds face the south. Iowa.

Answer.— That brings vividly to mind the
first year I wintered bees, when I was alarmed
to find under the bees and at the entrance
something that looked like a mixture of cof-
fee-grounds and sawdust, and 1 didn't know
but what it was " all up" with my bees. An
old bee-keeper quieted my fears by telling me
it was nothing worse than the bits of the cap-
pings that the bees dropped when unsealing
the honey. Your bees have the same " dis-
ease."

Control of Increase in a Back Yard
Apiary

Having 5 colonies in a small city back-yard,
without room to work in pairs, or have any
more colonies, running for extracted honey in
3 colonies and comb honey in 2, with the
main honey-flow from the last of May to the
middle of July — what is the best way to con-
trol increase? Of course, time is no object in
the case. I keep bees only as an avocation.
Washington Citt.

Answer. — You haven't asked me about it,
and maybe it's none of my business; but I'd
really like to know what you mean by " with-
out room to work in pairs." As a rule, work-
ing in pairs is the very thing to give one
room, and the only way I can think of to
have more room with hives not in pairs, is to
have the whole 5 standing as close together
as possible. But that would give you such
poor chance to get at the hives to handle
them, that if you're working with bees for the
fun of it, I shouldn't think you'd stand it.
At least, I don't believe I'd stand it. I'd
rather give away one of the colonies, and then
there would surely be room for the 2 pairs.
There's another way out. I suppose that
back-yard isn't roofed over, and you have the
right to build up] your bees as Ihighjiasl you

like, so long as they don't interfere with the
moon. Well, if I wanted more bees, and
didn't see any way to manage it, I'd pile one
hive up on top of another. That's nothing
unusual in Germany, and if you want you can
have a pile of 4 colonies.

As to the best Way to prevent increase, I^
well, really I don't know. One way is to
double up in spring, so as to start with only
2 or 3 colonies, and then increase to 5 or so. I
wonder, though, if you don't mean to prevent
swarming. That's a harder one, but you can
have a whole lot of fun trying to head off the
bees from swarming, and they can have a lot
of fun beating you. With the ones run for
extracted honey there ought not to be much
trouble. With 2 stories for the queen to
range in, room for surplus given as fast as
needed, and ventilation given at bottom and
top of each story (see page 191 of " Forty
Years Among the Bees"), you ought not to
worry about swarming. With the comb-
honey colonies, if you will allow each colony
to be queenless forabout 10 days at the be-
ginning of the clover harvest, and then fur-
nish it a queen that has been laying only a
few days, there ought to be no swarming. Or,
what is practically the same thing, remove the
old queen just before swarming-time, as near
as you can guess, and 8 or 10 days later de-
stroy all queen-cells but one, and the bees
will do the rest. Instead of that, it might be
just a little better not to destroy any cells till
you can hear the free young queen piping in
the evening, and then, or next morning, de-
stroy alt cells.

Now, I've taken some liberties with your
question, and if they're not to your taste,
come back and I'll fix up another prescription

for you.

• — ^^^^ — •

Feeding Bees in Tenement Hives

I have my bees in Orton tenement hives. 6
colonies to the hive, all in very good shape
when put in. One of them is all stirred up
from some cause. There is 8 inches of snow
now, and the bees make as much noise as in
July, both night and day, and will try to fly
out in the cold if you go near the the entrance
of the hive. All the other colonies are quiet.
Can it be that they are short oJ food? Should
I feed them sugar syrup? Kentcckt.

Answer.— It is not certain what makes the
bees so uneasy. They maybe short of feed
and they may not. The right thing is to open
up the hive on a mild day and see whether
there is plenty of honey present. It is pos-
sible, however, that the hive can not be
opened without seriously disturbing all the
colonies. In that case it will be the safe
thing to thrust some candy into the entrance.

Foretelling a White Clover Yield -

Alternation of Good and Poor Sea-

ons-Ratio Between Amounts

of Comb and Extracted

Honey

1. Do you know of any meins of making a
reliable guess, daring the winter, as to the
probable yield from white clover for the next
season? If you can tell anything at all about
it, I would like to hear how you do it. in C3

2. Have you ever noticed a tendency
towards alternation of good and poor seasons?
I began keeping bees in 1897; and beginning
with that year, the odd years have all been
above the average, and the even years all be-
low it, though 1898 was only a trifle below. I
have been wondering it it just happened that
way, or if alternation were the usual thing?

3. What is your guess as to the ratio be-
tween comb and extracted honey? Can you
produce more than half as much comb as ex-
tracted, from the same bees, on the average?

Illinois.

Answers. — 1. I don't know a thing about
it more than any farmer who has never kept
bees. If there is no stand of clover, of course
there will be no crop. If there is a good
stand, it may be killed out by freezing when

Feb. 21, 1907

Americ^ii Hee Journal

155

the ground is bare of 6now, and if it la thua
killed I know there will be no yield. Hut if
there is a pood stand in spring, I don't know
whether there will be any crop or not. I
can't tell anything about it till the clover be-
gins to bloom. Even then I can't be sure. If
the bees begin to store from it, then I know
it will yield— and the probability is that it
will continue to yield; but it may come to a
sudden pause. If it doesn't yield as soon as
in full bloom, the probability is that it will
not yield at all.

3. No, I have never noticed any sort of
sequence in the matter.

3. I think the general opinion is that .50
percent more extracted than comb can be ob-
tained. I'erhaps that isn't far out of the way.
Of course, there may be a difference in locali-
ties, in seasons and in management. One
way to tell something about it is to compare
prices of comb and extracted. If you'll wait
a minute I'll do some figuring in that line . . ,
Well, I took the prices in the American liee
Journal for .Jan. 24, as that happened to be
nearest at hand, and if we are to go at all by
comparing prices, that 50 percent is altogether
too low. For, taking highest prices for comb
and highest prices for extracted in each of the
8 markets quoted on page 79, and making the
yield depend upon these prices, there would
be, on the whole average, 94 percent more ex-
tracted than comb, varying from "7 to 125
percent, according to the market. Some-
thing, of course, should be sliced from those
figures on account of the greater cost of sup-
plies for comb honey, but it would hardly
seem that it would bring it down to 50 per-
cent. But, as before intimated, circumstances
will make a great difference, for you know in
some cases you can get at least a small yield
of extracted when you can't get any comb at
all, and each man must decide the matter for
his own locality and conditions.

le|M»rtsand|

Fine Winter So Far

We have had a fine winter so far. My bees
are in the best possible condition. Still, the
most trying time for the bees to winter is yet
before us. Wm. Stollkt.

Grand Island, Nebr., Feb. 12.

Bees Wintering Fine

Bees are wintering fine in this part of the
country with the exception of being short of
stores. I winter my bees on the summer
stands. I lost one out of 24 on account of
being queenless. Nick Jentgen.

La Motte, Iowa, Feb. 6.

Weather Affects Grapes, Etc.

I see a Mr. Kennedy (page 980, 1906) blames
some insects or birds for cutting his grapes
so that the bees can get the sap. Now I think
I know where the trouble is, and that is the
weather. If certain kinds of fruit are ripen-
ing and a nice rain should come, and the next
day the sun shines right hot, the fruit will
grow so fast that ic will crack. At least I
found that out several years ago on certain
kinds of peaches, apples, and grapes; and
then the bees and wasps have a good start.

Marissa, 111., Feb. 2. C. A. Finger.

Conditions in Texas

Our winter weather has been very injuri-
ous, especially to the fruit industry here in
Texas. Not because of too much cold, but on
account of the prolonged warm weather we
had in January. Fruit-trees are in full bloom
in many localities, and here in the neigh-
borhood of San Antonio, the catclaw Is also

in full bloom u present. They are found
only scattcreil mer the country, but never-
theless if the !■( 11 in is right they yield honey
immensely, luid ii beautiful, aromatic honey
it is. Hut this yi/ar they are a thing of the
past already, u; Tar as honey-yielding is con-
cerned. Our ni \t hopes are horsemint and
mesquite, but it is dry here, and for bee-keep-
ing, the prospiMis are again not at all promis-
ing. I suppoMi hundreds and hundreds of
colonies of bees died from starvation in this
part of the country the last season. I fed 4
barrels of sugar to SO colonies last year, and I
am hoping for a favorable spring — an early
spring with plenty of rain and sunshine, and
plenty of llowcrs. If we should have a late,
cold and dry spring like last year, then I fear
I will lose many colonies.

Otto Sueltbnfuss.
San Antonio, Tex., Jan. 29.

Grand Kiver. My beea have stored as much
as 9 pounds per day (average) during sumac
bloom. There isn't much clover here yet, but
plenty of sumac, grape, periimmon, locust,
Spanish-needle in places, goldenrod, and other
fall lliivvers. There is the best market here for
honey of anywhere I know. Mid-continental
oil and gas llelda are near here. Any bee-
keeper is welcome that will not cut the price
and not market inferior honey. The honey
How has been light and of Inferior quality fo
the past 2 years. J. T. Haibstos.

Salina, Ind. Ter., Jan. 21.

Indian TeFPitory for Bees

" Illinois '' asks Dr. Miller about Northern
Indian Territory as a honey country. 1 have
kept bees here for 12 years, and it is good on

Bees In Fine Condition

We have had summer weather since Christ
mas, and our early honey-plants are In bloom
so honey has been coming in freely. Hive
are full of young bees and brood, and but lit
tie stores have been consumed. We hav -
never seen bees in such fine condition at thi ■
time of the year before. We can not tel-
what the results will be, but they are promis-
ing now. J. J. Wilder.

Crisp Co., Ga., Jan. 25.

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnife
Gold Fountain Pen

All

for

$3.00

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knile? — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty "
is lust, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. ^ gi^e

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

I^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free ; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Cblcajio,lll.

Drone

Feb, 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

Lan^stroth »n the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way tc
•uccess with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL .

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containiDg 10 bee-songs — words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as coaTenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 35 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for SI. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Song Soavenir Postal Cards. —

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for bee-keepers, each card having one
of the following songs, about 2]4^S% in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card :
" Buckwheat Cakes and Honey," "The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming
of the Bees." The first two cards have small
pictures of the authors of the words and
music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now issued for the use of bee-keep-
ers, the first being the " Honey-Bear " card.
Prices, by mail, are as follows : Sample cards,
3 cents each ; 7 for 20 cents, or 10 for 25 cents.

ZW I can not be without the " Old Reli-
able." I think it is worth many times its
price. It is a comfort and an adviser to me.
It is far ahead of any other bee-paper I have
seen so far. — A. L. Oliver, of Minnesota.

Standard=Bred Italian
FREE

PREmUl QUEENS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every year FREE to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George 11'. York <fc Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are fine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York & Co .-—After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps fl'o Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date, and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey it the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George W. York ifc Co.: — The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N, P. Oglesbt.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George 11'. York it f'o..— The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
1 immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
^^1,00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
i^ueen for $1.00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send f 1.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Feb. 21, 1907

Caucasian and Italian

QUBENS

First I'reraiuiii at Michigan State Fair, lllOti.
Circular tells the rest. A postal gets it.

A, D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich.

HEtf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

FOR SALE

G H.-I'. boiler and 1 H.l', engine on one
base. The engine is the liouble cylinder West-
inghouse. The boiler burns a gallon of kero-
sene oil per hour for fuel.

50 Welsbach-light gas-uiaehine, 100 Wels-
bach-light gas-machine. These generate gas-
oline into gas; this gas can be used for fuel-
gas on ranges; it will illuminate your resi-
dence and workshop.

One l.") H.P. tire-box or locomotive boiler.

One 10 H.-I'. center-crank engine.

One 10 11. -P. vertical boiler complete com-
plete.

One 4 H.-P. vertical engine.

Peerless milk separators, from 350 to 1000
pound capacity per hour.

The gas machines to be exchanged on honey
for the coming season.

M. C. GEHL CO., Milwaukee, Wis.

4Etf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Queens

The finest in the land from
Daniel Wubtb & Gran't.

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded 6oIdens.

The Goldens took First
Premium at every Fair they
were exhibited last year.

Prices :— Untested, .$1.00 each ; Tested, ?1.50
each. .Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

13" Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6ESt

Bee-HupplieN and Berr;r>Boxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
tOKether, send me list of goods wanted, and let me
quote you prices, I give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for ('atalog.

6Eti W. J. McCAKTY, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to SIS or over.
Send for 32.page Illustrated Catalog — •
free.
W. D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, nich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

WE WILL SAVE YOD MONEY 0»
BEE-SUPPLIES

The falconer Goods are acknowledged the
FINEST. At Factory Prices here in Cin-
cinnati. Let us Figure on your wants for this
Season. Beeswax wanted at 31c cash, or 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our Cata-
log.) THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
7Atf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
ftfentlon Bee Joamal vrhen «*7ltlns.

American "Bee Journal

Money torns Money

only when invesied in a money-earning bus-
iness, and I beliivo there is no good, sate and
honest business earning more money on the
capital invested than the subscription-book
business.

DO YOU BUY BOOKS?

ForSai6

dale. 1906 croj;.
8A2t

Two bushels of SWEET
CLOVER SEED, hailed
— 112 takes it, sack in-
cluded, F. O. B. Carbon-
John Weir, Garbondale, Kan.

Best No. 1 Sections r^^T^'tt"^^, %°i

less. Discounts on Dauz. and Root^s hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. Dubu, St. flnnc, III.

eA14t Please meatioa the Bee JoarnaU

This is a bool, l.uying age. A house with-
out a library is no longer a home, and most
of the home libraries in this country are pur-
chased as a result of direct solicitation.

BUT FEW KNOW

that during the last six years nearly 150,000
sets of '' Modern Eloquence" ha\e been sold
tor $7,500,000.00; that " Stoddard's Lectures "
have been placed in 2.50,000 American homes
for .$12,000,000.00; that 300,000 sets of the
" Century Dictionary " have been sold for
$21,000,000.00 ; that more than 560,000 sets of
■^^ Brilannica" have been sold in the United
States alone for over .«44,000,000.00 ; or that
the sale of these books still continues. But
few know what the profits are on this busi-
ness. How much of it did you receive?

A MODERN PUBLICA-
TION

of the highest class, which in sales and profits
is destined to exceed the above records, is
now being made and sold. This is evident
from the actual results now being obtained,
although the sale was begun less than six
months ago, and you can have full particulars
by sending your name and address on a pos-
tal card, costing

ONLY ONE CENT

Let me mail you a letter telling all about
this record-breaking, modern American pub-
lication ; how several hundred eminent Amer-
ican specialists are making it; why the
American people find it not a luxury but a
necessity, and tehat ■/ few dollars will do — not
over a hundred— if now added to the present
capital.

MAKE YOUR MONEY
EARN MONEY

Write me to-day, as this is a present oppor-
tunity. Address,

W. B. GILBERT

28 Jackson Boul., CHICAGO, ILL.

8A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

MinncHola— The Southeastern Minnesota
liee-Keepurs' Association will meet in the
Court House at Winona, on Tuesday and
Wednesday, Feb. 28 and 27, 1907. Everybody
is invited. E. C. Coknwbi.l, Sec.

Winona, Minn.

Notice to Illinois Ree-Keepers. — We

have received the following from the Secre-
tary of the Illinois State Hee- Keepers' Asso-
ciation, which should be of interest to every
bee-keeper in Illinois:

The annual membership fee in the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association is $1.00, and
by arrangement the National .Association al-
lows the members of other associations to
come in a body through the secretaries at 50
cents per member. Having received letters
from many who were already members of the
National, we have resolved to accept such in
the Illinois State .Association (who already
have membership in the National) at .50 cents.
This will entitle them to a cloth-bound copy
of the 6th .\nnual Report, which will soon be
ready tor the press. Those who come in be-
fore March 1, will be in time to get their
names in the Report, in the longest list the
State Association has ever had. And further,
we have about 100 beautiful badges that will
be given out to the members joining before
they are all gone. .J as. A. Stone. .Sf.

Rt. 4, Springfield, 111.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde*
strnctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb foundation made easily and
?nickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for L- frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any sizi wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Jonmal when Trrlttns.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.

Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest

priced flrBt-claes batchers made.

&EO. H. 8TAHL, Qtdney, IlL

Catalogne.
HeBtlon Bee Journal vrhe:

wxitmc

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but 75 cents; or we will send it with the
Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.50.
It is a fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding is
necessary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

THE AMEmCAN FOOD LABOEATOBT

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1335-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

158

Feb. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

.^##########

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder"

bee-sOppUes

Root's Goods ai Root's! Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .'. Catalog Free.

BEESV\^AX WfAMTED

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it to you.

Write for prices on Finest Extracted Soiuy . Certificate guaranteeing purity with

every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

on early
orders for

Supplies...

WALTER S. POUDER

513-515 MassaoUiisetIs Ave.. II^iHA.^APOLIS, i:^i>.

What Would Be

the condition of bee-keeping had not some ingenious bee-keeper
invented and made the itiiig;liani Itee-Smoker and
Honey-Kiiile ?

Bingham fills orders for thousands, every year, from the
largest distributors of bee-keepers' supplies, who say they like
to sell Bingham's Goods, because they always give satisfaction.

If you want the BEST, and can't get them handy, you
can always get them direct from the original Invenlor
and sole niannlaclui-er, at regular prices, per mail.

It will always be a pleasure to know that you bought
Best from the original inventor of such a perfect tool.
Respectfully yours,

T. F. BINGHAM

the

Farwell, Mich.

SE3t

ITALIAN QIEENS

' Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 op.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R-D. 1.

Mention Be« Joomal when vrrltlns.

If you want the Bee-Book

TViat covers the whole Apicaltnral Field more

completely tlian any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DlfConnU to the Trade.
Mention Bee Jonrnal when writlns.

TRAINLOAD OF BEE SUPPLIES

ir^ ENROUTE TO

CO.

/uc^vWoqpMAN

(V-rx GRAND) RAPltoS, MICH-

Let ME Quote YOU a PRICE

I Save You 30 to 50% on

30

Days*

FREE

Trial

the pritH- of n Split Hickorv
But-'t,'\ Mini you can trv it ^fJ
da>s Free. The hickory in
my huppies is split with the
grain— wou't break like s(iT<'fi/
wootl. All my vehicles are

^GUARANTEED
2 YEARS

and sold only direct

from my factory to >oa.

Write 11 postal for m\

liii.' BLigi.'> Book. It illustrates and tells all about

priL'fs on 1:^^ stales of

SPLIT HICKORY VEHICLES

Tells how much better I make buggies, why they
are better, and why I save jou half. Also gives
photographs of full line of high-grade Harness.
Don't luiy till you write me.

H. C. PHELPS. President Ohio Carriage Mfg. Co.
Stallon322 CInclnnall. Ohio

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON
TOOLS

e. P Pilling & Son Co.,

Caponizing is easy — soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $3.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 25c

French Killing KnifeoOC

[Capon Book Free.

Arch St., Pbiiadelphia ,Pa.

kPHJi INCUBATORS
^in AND BROODERS

I T.iue t-ii^-\ an.i pruYoneucL-fBs; ihcufai,.]^ ii
I u?e;Buld direct to you at wholaBmiepricea. '. > i
gel the maker's gufcPMitee and save the miiiiile
:i'3 profltB. The Rcmovallc Chirk Tmi

i:l Xur«.-rp—A fjatnro no otker ha? — eapliine'i In
Ife/rfc Write f..r it (.iJej.

Boi 52, trotwood, 0.

To

introduce this tree
and grain new friends we offer a
1 vr. tree free to property own-
ers. Mailing expense 5 cts. A
postal will bring it and our cata-
lopwith 6i colored plates. Write today.
L The Gardner Nursery Co., Box §15, Osage, la.

Make More Money

on Fruit Crops

Everyone who grrows fruit, whether a large com-
mercial grower, or one who has only a few fruit trees,
a berry patch or a garden, should be interested in
knowing how to get the most protit from hia crops.

ST JOSEPH.

MISSOURI

s the only magazine in America which is devoted ex-
clusively to the interest of those who ctow fruit. It is
handsomely iliustrated. and contains
from 36 to Tti pages each month. It tells
all about fruit of all kinds — and nothing
but fruit — how to market, how to pack,
HMiltivate, spray, prune, how to MAKE
'more MONEY from your crops. Sample
copy sent free. Resular price is adollar
a year, and each subscriber isentitled to
a choice of any one of our series of ten
Brother Jonathaji Fruit Books — the best in existence.

Three Months Free

We are so confident The Fruit-tlrower wi 1 1 please you
that we will send it to you three nionthsabsolutelyfree.
if. after three months, you like the paper, we will make
you a special offer for twelve months more. If you don't
like It. notify us and we will take your nam e off the
list. The three months will cost you nothing. We offer
cash prizes for new subscribers — write fur particulars.
Write your name and address in blanks below; mail to

The Fruit-Grower Co.. Box 15,St.Joseph.Mo.

I accept your FREE three month's trial offer. At
end of three months I will either pay for a year's sub-
scription or notify you to stop paper. In either event
there is to be NO charge for tne three months' trial.

Name

Route or P. 0. Box No.

Feb. 21, 1907

159

-^^i^^(

Americai4 Hee Journal

h=^^^^ I

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be ioiind In

T(ie

American Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It is profusely illustrated and on-
larfjcd, and contains only arti('les of the
most jiractical as woll as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of tlx^ best writers
has b(^Gn cnftaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Hee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for fl.OO.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER NFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

(Established 25 years.J

Mention Bee Jonrnal irhea wrltlns.

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stuck laid in during the autumn by
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings lS@l6c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@l2c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from 6@7!'^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov, 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@lSc; No, 1, H@15c; am-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 7J4@8 c;
light amber, 6?^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from lS@16c for fancy white; 13(rtl4c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di>-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@i2c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufl&clent sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8v^c; light amber, "JHc; am
ber, 6^@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55(at70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 3lc.

HiLDRETH &, SrOBLKBN.

Headluartcrsfor Bec-Supplics

Coniplelc stock fur I'.iOT now on limii

CINCINNATI

FREIUHT-

RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most nil freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Catalo(,' mailed free.
Send tor same.

A Special Discount on Eariy Orders,

Let me

book

Order for _

LA.-^S, and CAl CASIA.^S

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 2!)

SAVE MONEY BUHNG FROM ME,

QUEENS ■

bred in separate apiaries,

theliilkl.ltK.^' Vl-:i,-

,OWS, 4'AK:>II4>-

C.H.W.WEBER

CINCINNATI
...OHIO...

gmm

ymmimgiii

Denver, Jan. S.— There is practically no
honey left in the hands of producers in this
State, and barely enough in the Denver market
to supply the home trade until spring. We
quote strictly No. I white, per case of 24 sec-
tions, at f3 20; No. 1 light amber, $3; and good
No. 2. at $2 80. White extracted, .s@8Hc; light
amber, 7?^@8c. Beeswax, 26c for clean yellow,
delivered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Feb. 'i.— The demand for ex-
tracted amber honey has brightened in the past
3 weeks. Amber honey in barrels at 6^@7Hc,
according to the quality and the quantity pur-
chased. Fancy white extracted honey selling
at 8a;o^ in cans. Comb honsy is a drag on 1 he
market, fancy selliag at 14(t7 I6c. Beeswax, 32c.
for choice grade. Thb Prbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 14.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings I6@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'®13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
SfgtQc; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder,

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7>4c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26(s' 23c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb
honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jobbing
ways from 14@14>ic; single cases 16c for No. 1
white; off grades not wanted at any prlce^ Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
6(ai6>6c; white clover in barrels, 7>6c; in cans,
8f<iC. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C.H.W. Weber.

Kansas City, Jan.
honey have been more
week or two, and the
weaker. The market I
tracted, and there is qu
quote: No. 1 white co
No. 2, $2.75; amber. $,
7X@8c; amber, 6>^@7c.

—The receipts of comb
liberal during the last
demand light, market
; practically bare of ex-
ile a little inquiry. We
mb, 24 sec. cases, $3.10;
* 50, Extracted, white.
Beeswax, 27c.
C. C. Clemons & Co,

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, ?1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, S3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers will be ready
early in April.

Carniolans, Italians and Goldens

Equal to the best, regardless of price. Prices :
Tested, each, $1.00; dozen, SIO.OO. Untested^
each, 50 cts. ; dozen, ?5.50.
6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal. Texas.

FENCE S;S?^'

Made of High Carbon colled -wire. We
have no agent*. Sell direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.
We pay air freight. Catalog shows S7
styles and heiiints of farm and poultry
fence. It's free. Buy direct. Wrlta today

COILED SPRING FENCE GO.

Box g9 WINCHESTER, INDIANA*

Mention Bee Joomal srhen Trrlttng.

Wb 6bll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let as qnote jon prices on Sections^ HlveSr
Fonndatlou, etc., as we can save yoa time and
freight. Beeswax Wantad for Cub.

M. H. HUNT ABONm

Bbll Branch, Wayne Co., Micb

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltinc-

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consig'nlng, bajing* or selling, cousnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ilu

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WHITE CLOVKR HOilfE'r, both Comb and Extracted.

It you have any write at oncb, saying how much you have, how it is put up, and your
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. M. Scott 8 Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

29Atf

-Catalog Free
1004 Kast VTasb. Street, IIVDIA^^APOLrlS, IMI>.

160

American ^ee Journal

Feb. 21, 1907

T^

#

DADAHT'S FOUNDATION

.^IT EXCELSi^

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. WHY ? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST
COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE. J

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex- x
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will ^
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other. ^

WORKING BEESWAX S

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct. ^

Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when ^

you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY. ^

Agents for our foundation everywhere. ijt

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper. &

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. f

Mentfo ■ Bee .Imirnnl »'lien mtHIiiu-

i

QUEENS f/om*'li?0^'o^"n^es NUCLEI
I will sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
—1 Queen, 2Sc; doz.,S3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
f rame, $1.25; 2-frame, SI. 50; S-framp, il 75.

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff, Calif.
mention Bee Journal when wtUIbb.

" It Is continuous advertising
that impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

I

Our Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed ia practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ?

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker ? If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRET6HMER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluHs. lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb. i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

m

P We will Buy and
I Sell

IHONEY

^M of the different grades and kinds.
Mu If you have any to dispose of, or if
^§ you intend to buy, correspond
^j with us.
^S We are always in the market

I Beeswax

at highest market prices.

ildreth & Segelken

26s & 2*7 Qreenwlch Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

mention Bee Journal wlien wrltlnc.

^'Xhe continuous advertiser
(^ets tlie bulk of the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

FEBRUARY 28, 1907

Number 9

?:;r3:t

P^lAERie^^

^,^M

Some Interesting Snap-Shots Taken at San Antonio -^^

Oldest Cathedral in San Antonio.

n

e

D. H. Coggshall inside the Alamo.

Mexican Teamsters at Market Hall.

.-••^

r':

ll 1

\

Front View of the Historic Alamo.

^W "^

Hauling Cotton to Market. (See page 166) One of the Plazas in San Antonio.

TWENTYPAQE NUMBER

^

162

Feb. 28, 1907

American ^ee Journal

PrBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, GhicaflO, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal Is
$1.01) a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WKAPPBR-I.ABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispa'.J.
For instance, " decii?" on your label shows that it ifl
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION EBCEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt tor money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4tinies.... S per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ...20 '•
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent
500 " ...10 "
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, snbject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect ana delend Its members in their

lawful risfhlB. , . . ._ ^ ,. . ♦

3d.— Toenforie laws against the adulteration oi

honey. „ _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis.

iST" If mnre convenient. Dues may be sent to th©
iibl'ShMr** ot ibe Aiuericnn Hee Jinirnal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free I

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
|for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
< OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or lb cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee .Tournal one
year— both for only 81.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

PleafSQ mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

m ^

BEE-SUPPLIES

•(4

AND SAVE MONEY

5^ It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our rtelivered

9^ prices on llovetailed Hives, Sectioii»i. Section-Holders,

^P Separators, Brood Frames, Foundation, ^iniokers, E.v

(g^ tractors, Sbippin^-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of

^S many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to

)g« make you the Uest Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-

^ ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

^ We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can

SS ship promptly.

1 Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supply Go.

^ JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprretors,

^ Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, 5IINN.

Diumer's GoniD Founflailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like t best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to jvhich alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If Yon Want to Kekp Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 30 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

400 West 23fd SxRaET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture shown Sere-
with is a reproduction of a mottoqueen .futtoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It hag
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents; two for 10c; or six for 25c. Th«
American Bee Journal one year and 4 button*
for $1.10. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILL,

Marshf ieid Goods I

When you buy those g-oods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If YOU have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please vprite for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please lention the American Bee Journal ffiiTff

American Vae Jiournal

v^

Feb. 28, 1907

-^^^E^p^(

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper living within a reasonable dis-
tance ot Chicago can save from 25 l<» 50 per-

cen) on almost any supplies needed next season,
by coming to Chicago and taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

a{;«*4l 4iiou4lN to Neleot troni at Kt-diiccMl
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60- pound cans tor sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

163

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR 8t. CHICAGO. ILL.
(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)
Mention Bee Joamal when ^rrtttnte-

American bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnife
Gold Fountain Pen

All
for

$3.00

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

Worker

Queen

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife ?— In case a good knife is lost,

the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one ot the "Novelties," your Pockbt-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $3.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectlj-, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with iviected Iridium.
Drone '^^^ Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. ^ gi^g

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only SI. 25, or for *2 00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

J^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free ; trial trie of three months (13 copies)
for 20c; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE- W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., ChlcaiSo, 111.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.

Bach subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for }] .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grrand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO, ILL.

^2 Pkts SEEDS T^lf f,%i 20c

Beet, K^-j-ptian; Cabbage, Surehead ; Car-

\rot, iMiivtrs; Corn, Unly Evergrt-tn; Cu
96 Xcumber, Nl-^v Cumberland: I^ettuce'
PAGE \t-'*rfy Curled ; Mnsk Melon, PauiRos*-
CATALOG > Water Melon, Sweetheart; Onion,
FRCE TO/ I*nze T:ikfr; Kadish, New Conical:
ALL /Sqtiash, Murrow; Tomato, 3Iatohles.«.

/One packet each forSO c s., coin or
8taiii|>s. FREE wi'h order: packet of New

Bavarian Oats. Mention paper.

W, W. BARNARD CO . Dipt. Q , Klnzie St., Chlcs<'o.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

164

Feb. 28, 1907

A ^4ai^^ American ^ac Joornal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

-^w

A

■J^' ^ -«;.":., -T. .-• , ;-3i ' p-

«

Tr ft

■ r
ft

H

it

Jk

iH. i k». .-.

^ t

4

f t

i

4.

'I

.Ai,

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the rig^ht time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

California

♦Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Prodacers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Fruita Fruit and Produce Ass*n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Georgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Ciiicago The A. L Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

EvansvlUe Vickery Bros.

lo^'a

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas
Angnsta Carl F. Bnck

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachnsetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

9Iaine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill . .. .Jno, Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hank

Weiir Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

:\e\r Iforlt

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregfon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. X. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Ddo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

* These deaiers buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the Post'OCQce ut Cbicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YOKK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., FEBRUARY 28, 1907

VoL XLVII— No, 9

mmm^fsr^'T:.

■STT'!'???^''?^

editorial ^ofes
and Comments

:----U'

Miniature Sections

Considerable interest has been aroused
among readers of the British Bee Journal as
to getting out sections of honey weighing 1
ounce each, to be sold at IS cents a dozen, a
number of beekeepers having united in or-
dering these little sections to the total
amount of more than 4000. Years ago some-
thing of the kind was tried in this country,
but it was found that it would not pay unless
a much higher price per pound could be ob-
tained than for Ipound sections. At 18 cents
a dozen the price would be 24 cents a pound ;
but as 1-pound sections can be sold in Eng-
land at that price (Gleanings claims that best
comb honey can be sold in England at 50
cents a pound), it is not likely that the suc-
cesses of these miniature sections will be
greater in England than it was in this coun-
try,

^

A Word to Each Illinois Bee-Keeper

If you have not already done so, you should
get busy at once in writing to one or more of
the men at Springfield that represent you in
making the laws of the State. The danger is
that you will think that the matter of mak-
ing the laws that Mr. Dadant tells about
on page 65, will be attended to without any
word from you, and that it doesn't matter
whether you write or not. But numbers
count, and it is so important to bee-keepers
to have these Bills passed that no one should
begrudge the little time and trouble to write,
if it be only a card asking favorable attention
to the Bills referring to bees and to spraying
fruit-trees when in bloom, which we pub-
lished last week. To be sure, it may do more
good to write something more than a card,
perhaps referring to matters directly in your
own vicinity, as in the following, which is an

actual copy of a letter written to a Represen.
tative at Springfield by a bee-keeping consti-
tuent :
Hon. .

Dear Sir : — For several years it has been
the practise of Mr. to spray his fruit-
trees when in bloom. That means a lot of
dead bees for me, although he is under obli-
gation to those bees for setting this fruit. The
Experimental Stations say that it injures the
crop to spray while in bloom, but he says he
can't get through unless he begins before the
bloom is over. When so straight and intelli-
gent a man as Mr. does that sort of

thing, you will easily see the need of a law
not only for my protection, but to protect
him against himself. Illinois should not be
behind New York or any other State in this
respect.

Twelve miles from here there is — at least
there was — a man having bees afflicted with
foul brood, and any day there may be a case
within a mile of me. If it should be in the
hands of an ignorant or stubborn man, it
might easily mean disaster to me, for foul
brood is to the bees as bad as yellow fever and
cholera combined to the human race. A law
is needed that will compel that man to kill or
cure his bees.

I think you see the reasonableness of such
laws as these, such laws as have been satis-
factorily in operation in several other Slates,
and ask your favorable consideration of the
Bills now before the Assembly referring to
bees and the spraying of fruit-trees when in
bloom. .

If you can refer specifically to your own
case, as in the foregoing, well and good ; but
as said before, if you can do no more than to
write two lines on a postal card, do it, and do
it at once.

Don't make the mistake of thinking that
because you did not vote for a man he will
therefore not heed your word. You are one
of his constituents, and you may be sure that
your word will hn\e its proper weight.

There may be other States where the fore-
going suggestion.s will apply also.

Calcium Chloridejn the Bee-Cellar

Standing on the platform that " .\ dry at-
mosphere in the bee-cellar is almost a certain
guarantee that the bees will winter success-
fully," Allen Latham has been doing some ex-
perimenting, as a result of [which he says in
the American Bee-Keeper :

Let some one who has a rather damp cellar,
and whose bees generally come out in spring
weak, and then grow weaker by spring dwind-
ling, act as follows: Let him purchase about
100 pounds of crude calcium chloride, not
chloride of lime so-called, but the real calcium
chloride, fused. Let him purchase a dozen or
so of galvanized pans, and enough galvanized
netting, 6 mesh or so to the inch, to furnish
a piece to rest over the pan. I^et him put a
pound or so of the salt on each piece of net-
ting, and salt here and there in the cellar,
some above the hives, but many below the
hives.

If the cellar is very damp the salt may get
all dissolved in a tew weeks. In this case,
the pans must one by one be set in the stove-
oven for an hour or so until the water is
driven out, the salt again placed on the net-
tings, and the pans replaced in the cellar.
The salt can be used again and again, requir-
ing only a moderate baking to bring it back
to its original state.

There can be no doubt that a cellar can be
kept very dry in this way, and need have
almost no ventilation. Bees need very little
air indeed if the air be dry air. Their need of
fresh air is like our need of fresh air ; that is,
plenty of oxygen. They need fresh air
mainly that its drying power may help them
to get rid of the water which keeps accumu-
lating in their bodies.

The editor adds: Fused calcium chloride
costs, in 10-pouud cans, 15 cents per pound,
and in 100-pound lots, 10 cents per pound.

The Loose- Hanging vs. Self-Spacing
Frames

Editor Hutchinson is out-spoken in favor
of loose-hanging frames of the old-fashioned
sort. He says in the Bee-Keepers' Review :

I want no attachments on a frame— just a
plain, straight, smooth, even, X frame all
around. It seems a pity to me that bee-keep-
ers will pay for these extra fixings on frames
when said fixings only make the frames less
easy of manipulation. Self-spacing frames
staples, etc., are all right when an apiary is
to be moved, but I would rather fasten the
frames, even with nails, if necessary, when
the bees are moved, it they are to be moved
then to be pestered all the season with all of
these oontogglements.

That sounds as it the chief, if not the only

166

Feb. 28, 1907

-4^5^^^-^

American ^^e Journal

object, of self -spacing frames were to provide
against the trouble of fastening when bees
are to be moved. If that were so, the great
number of bee-keepers who are using self-
spacing frames would probably agree with
Mr. Hutchinson. But the moving part is lit-
tle taken into coneideration, and some who
probably could not be induced to use loose-
hanging frames never move their bees at all.
Instead of thinking with Mr. Hutchinson that

the " extra fixings only make the frames

less easy of manipulation," their very object
in using them is to secure ease of manipula-
tion. Very likely they would say, " All right,
Mr. Hutchinson, if you can space your
frames just as rapidly and correctly by finger
and eye, then don't have any spacers in the
way; but we can put frames in place more
rapidly with spacers, and be ever so much
more sure that they are always just right."

flews - Items

Honey as a Food.— We are glad to see
that some of our readers are acting on the
suggestion made in these columns, that they
write something on the value of honey as a
food for their local newspapers. Mr. W. S.
Williams, of Pennsylvania, has written and
had published a good article, about 10 inches
long, which appeared in a recent issue of one
of his county papers. We hope others will
do likewise. It will all help when the time
comes again for selling honey.

Mr. D. H. Coggshail, of New York
State, who was one of the car-load of bee-
keepers that made the trip to the National
convention at San Antonio, Tex., last Novem-
ber, has been in Florida since then, and on
Jan. 25th he wrote us as follows, from Stuart:

Fribnd York :— It is warm and very dry
down here. The bees are gathering some
honey, and they are whitening the combs. It
is more work to take care of the bees here, as
the worms and ants are continually on the
watch for a chance to spoil the combs and eat
the honey, while my combs, in the North,
are piled away in the bee-house ready for use
next May, and with but little care.

D. H. COGGSHALL.

Notice to Illinois Bee-Keepers. —We

have received the following from Jas. A.
Stone, Secretary of the Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Association :

We are holding back from publication until
the last moment possible, that part of the
Sixth Annual Report of the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association that contains the list of
members, thus giving all who would avail
themselves of the benefits of joining before
the Report is printed, the opportunity to do
so. This opportunity will probably continue
until about April 1st. The membership
dues are SI. 00, which also pays the annual
dues in the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. Jas. A. Stone, Sec

Route 4, Springfield, 111.

The San Antonio Views on the first
page this week will, no doubt, be of interest
to many. San Antonio has much of historic
value, and one of our regrets is, that when
there last November we did not have time to
examine carefully more of the things that
deserve attention.

Mr. C. J. Thies, of Wisconsin, kindly fur-

nished us the photographs from which pic
tures Nos. 1, 2, 5 and 6 were reproduced ; No.
3 was one of Mr. Coggshall's collection ; and
No. 4 was one of the two or three of our own
that were only fairly good.

Market Hall was where the sessions of the
National convention were held. We thought
we had secured a good picture of it, but upon
finishing the film after returning to Chicago
it proved to be so defective as to be worth-
less. Our attempts at picture-taking on the
San Antonio trip were almost all failures. We
regretted it very much, as we had hoped to
bring back with us some interesting views.
But as several of our good friends who were
in the car-load of bee-keepers were more suc-
cessful, we are still permitted to present to
our readers at least a few pictures of scenes
that will long be remembered by those who
were able to make the trip to old San Antonto.

Words of Appreciation, as well as the
other kind, come to this office from time to
time. We welcome both— the former for the
encouragement they give us, and the latter for
the hope that they may result in improving
the weak places pointed out. The following,
from a Pennsylvania reader, is especially kind
and appreciative, as well as appreciated :

EmTOB York :— In sending you my renewal
for the " Old Reliable," I would like to give
you a word of encouragement. I notice that
once in a while the kicker gets in a word, and
why not allow the faithful readers also a
word ? Personally, I regard the editor of such
a paper as the American Bee Journal as a
benefactor to the bee-keeping fraternity. I
especially like the way in which you have the
American Bee Journal divided into depart-
ments; a fellow always knows whereto look
for what he wants. Many single issues are
worth more to me than a whole year's price.
Yours faithfully, Geo. H. Rba.

To Minnesota Bee»Keepers.— We have
received the following from W. R. Ansell,
chairman of the Executive Committee of one
of the two State bee-keepers' organizations
now in Minnesota:

The Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Association,
which was founded in 1S88, has made a new
departure this year by incorporating, with a
membership of ,51, under the educational laws
of the State of Minnesota.

By the acceptance of its 3 delegates to the
meeting, last month, of the Minnesota State
Agricultural Society, it is recognized as the
State Association.

It has adopted a new Constitution and By-
Laws, its objects now being the promotion of
scientific bee-culture and of the general inter-
est of the bee-keepers of the State of Minne-
sota; to assist the State authorities in the en-
forcement of laws against the adulteration of
honey, and for stamping out foul brood; and
to co-operate with the National Bee-Keepers'
Association in the defense of its members in
their lawful rights.

Article VII reads: "Any member shall
have the right to vote by proxy on any sub-
ject and at the general meeting, provided
that no member present shall vote more than
two proxies."

The Association is affiliated with the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, so that by
payment of §1.00 annually a bee-keeper may
become a member of both Associations.

Besides its annual meeting in December, it
will in the future hold a spring meeting, and
another during the Minnesota State Fair week ;
and the proceedings of each meeting will be
published by circular to the members.

In the future, " Co-operation " will be the
watchword of its policy.

Membership dues should be sent to the Sec-
retary, Chas. Mondeng, 160 Newton Ave. N.,
Minneapolis, or to the Treasurer, Rev. J. Rid-
ley, Monticello, Minn.

W. R. Ansell, dim.

The Bee a Sabbath Breaker! — Mr.

C. G. Chevalier, of Maryland, sends us the
following from the Philadelphia Press:

" Fust thing ye know,'' said Deacon Hard-
shell, solemnly, " we'll have to be tryin' this
new minister for heresy. He's been sayin' all
Christians should take pattern o' the bee as a
model of industry,"

"My land!" exclaimed his wife, " whut's
wrong o' thet?"

" Why, the bee works on the Sabbath
same's any other day."

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music— all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 35 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for $1.10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Song Souvenir Postal Cards. —

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for bee-keepers, each card having one
of the following songs, about 2'4'x33j in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card :
" Buckwheat Cakes and Honey," "The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming
of the Bees." The first two cards have small
pictures of the authors of the words and
music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now issued for the use of bee-keep-
ers, the first being the " Honey-Bear " card.
Prices, by mail, are as follows: Sample cards,
3 cents each ; 7 for 30 cents, or 10 for 25 cents.

Keb. 28, 1907

lfj7

American Vae -Journal

S>ir ,

The Legumes -Valuable as
Nectar- Yielders

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

There is no family of plants in all
the vegetable kingdom that can rank for
value and interest with the Leguminosae.
There are many reasons why this family
is of peculiar interest, and as it em-
braces many of the most valued of the
honey-plants, every bee-keeper must be
interested in an account of its full life
history.

Irregular Flowers.

One of the things that interests us at
once as we study the legumes is the
fact of irregularity of the blossoms. By
this we mean that the different flower-
leaves are very varying in form. The
sepals or green leaves just about the
flower are also irregular. The number
of petals — the showy parts of the flow-
er— are 5. Thus we say that the flowers
are on the plan of 5. If we closely ex-
amine the flower of the pea or bean, we
note this irregularity. The large upper
petal is called the banner ; the two lower
ones are closely approximated and en-
fold a pistil and stamens. From their
form these are called the keel, because
they resemble somewhat the keel of a
boat ; the other two petals are called
the wings, and their spread at the sides
makes this name appropriate. There
are usually 10 stamens, 9 of which are
usually united, the loth being free. The
pistil develops into a pod or legume,
and hence the name, Leguminosae, ap-
plies to the whole family. Every one
understands the form of a pod. It is
the flattened fruit of these plants and
consists of two valves, to one of which
the seeds are attached.

Economic Importance.

As stated above, no family of plants
rank in importance with this. Even the
cereals — Graminise — fail to equal the
legumes in value. Not that the plants
themselves are more valuable, but in
what they do they are so important that
no other plants can at all be compared
with them in this respect. Here we
have the clovers, the beans and peas,
and the vetches. Thus it will be seen
that here are found many of our most
valued farm plants.

Honey-Plants.
The bee-keeper is more indebted to
this family than to any other, for here
we find all the clovers, which rank at
the very head of bee-plants. The mes-
quite is also found here, and besides
these we have the red-bud — Cercis — and
the locusts. The honey-locust certainly
ranks very high as a honey-plant, while

the mesquite is what places Arizona
and continguous regions so high in the
rank of honey-regions.

Pollination.

The bees are as important to this
family of plants as the plants are to
the bees. It is now well known, and
almost as generally recognized, that
without bees these plants will not be
fruitful. The red clover must have the
bumble-bee, and our white clover, al-
sike, and alfalfa could not produce seed
at all, if it were not for bees or other
insects which carry the pollen from one
plant to another. Indeed, as I have
before pointed out to our readers, the
very fact of irregularity of flower is
proof positive that this work of cross-
pollination is absolutely essential to full
fruitage.

Shade or Ornamental Trees.

It is here also that we find many of
our finest shade-trees. The Acacias, so
common in Australia, and which have
been imported so largely into Califor-
nia, belong to the pod-bearing plants.
These, like the locusts, have double use,
for they not only possess rare beauty,
but they are also valuable for honey.
Some of the Acacias, like the partridge
pea of the East, have extra-floral glands,
and thus they not only give the bees
pollen but honey from two sources. I
know of very few trees that are more
beautiful than these Acacias, some of
the species being not only exceedingly
graceful, but the foliage is so delicate
that even when the tree is not in bloom
it is a thing of beauty. When in full
blossom the tree possesses a glory that
is indescribable.

A CuMOUs Plant.

It is to this family that the Mimosa
or sensitive plant belongs. As is well
known, this plant is so exceedingly
sensitive that a slight brush against the
foliage causes the leaves to shut up
and the stems to fall. As soon as the
irritation ceases the stems rise again and
the leaves open. These plants are
mainly tropical, and have been admired
by all who have crossed the Isthmus
of Panama, where they grow in great
luxuriance. ,

Enriching the Soil.

But the greatest use of the legumes
is that of adding the nitrogen of the
air to the soil in combined form so
that is can be used by the plants. One
of the greatest improvements in agri-
culture in late years is the free and
general use ot clover crops to enrich
the soil. No soil can be fertile that has
not plenty of nitrogen. Every produc-
tive soil niUM also be rich in humus.

by which we mean decaying organic
matter. Again, no soil can be very
fertile except as it harbors untold mil-
lions of bacteria, or minute vegetable
organisms. In plowing under great
crops of these legumes — clovers, vetches
or peas — we bring about all of these
conditions.

If we examine the roots of any of
these legumes, where they have long
grown and are vigorous, we will find
them thickly covered with tubercles, of-
ten as large as a pea. Examination
shows these to be the home of very
minute bacteria or vegetable germs.
These breathe in, if we may so speak,
the nitrogen of the air, and so combine
it into nitrates that the plants can use
it ; and thus when we plow these crops
under we are storing our soil with the
most costly of the fertilizing elements.
This matter of plowing under clover
crops is becoming very general in South-
ern California, and is adding very
greatly to the fertility and value of the
orchards.

Claremont, California.

Non-Swarming Hives to Pre-
vent or Control Swarming

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

To make such hives to meet the wants
or desires of the bee-keeper is a sub-
ject that has called, and still calls, into
requisition the thoughts and efforts of
many apiarists. And, as far as I have
given attention to the line of argument
used in discussing this question, the di-
mensions of the hive, together with
regulating its entrance, have received
more attention than any other matter
affecting the swarming instinct of bees.
I say "instinct," because it is a fixed
law of their nature, just as it is in any
other part of the animal kingdom, to
propagate the species; and in every de-
partment it is, to an extent, influenced
by circumstances. But to stamp out this
inborn inclination is one of the impos-
sibilities. Hence, we need not, in our
efforts to prevent excessive swarming,
entertain a hope of ever being able to
"cut out" swarming entirely. A large
hive is, according to my observations,
one of the most effective means of hold-
ing in check the disposition to swarm.

In 1864, I made one of the large
Langstroth observation hives which con-
tained either 16 or 18 frames of standard
size. While its colony gave me more
surplus honey than that in any other
hive I ever used, it never, during the 7
years I used it, cast but one swarm,
which was a monster. During the last
4 years I have had but 5 or 6 natural
swarms. Having adopted the plan of
giving my bees room as it seemed to be
demanded, I have found it requires less
labor and attention to use a lO-frame
Langstroth hive, one story early in the
season, and when room is required, to
add another story.

In order to test this method of con-
trolling the matter of swarming, and
to test the merits of a large hive in
securing the largest possible amount of
honey, I ordered 10 14-frame Langstroth
hives. And, as I run almost entirely

Feb. 28, 1907

American ^ee Journal

for extracted honey, I will add a sec-
ond story if the season and the numeri-
cal strength of the colony demand it.
Such a hive must be occupied by a col-
ony headed by a prolific queen. In fact,
any colony to be profitable must have
a good queen, if profitable results are
expected. These hives will, of course,
be heavy to handle. But they will re-
quire very little handling. For after
the bees have been set to work in the
upper story, the hive will require but
little if any lifting. But in case they
do, two persons can, of course, do the
work more easily than one.

These hives will be very heavy for
ladies; but such ladies, I will suggest,
should "commit matrimonv," and be
sure to "catch on" to a p'artner who
IS not afraid of bees. And in case a
bachelor or widower keeps bees in this
sort of a hive, let him also look up a
"honey;" not smaller in avoirdupois, I
will suggest, than So pounds, nor larger
than 300. And my word for it, such an
" outfit " can manipulate a 14-frame
Langstroth hive even when well stored
with honey.

Some practical bee-keeper, who pre-
fers to run for comb honey, can put sec-
tions on a 14-frame hive, with both a
good colony and a good queen, during a
good honey season, and see how far it
will outstrip an 8, or even a 10 frame
hive.

Let a number try the foregoing sug-
gestions. It won't cost much, and may
benefit us in points of desirable knowl-
edge, more money, and, best of all, more
contentment. And, finally, as such hives
will cost a little more than a small one,
see to it that in making them, good
lumber is not ripped into common paste-
board thickness, and used as either a
dummy or a bottom-board.

Please, Mr. Editor, don't think I am
on the war-path, and after any of our
manufacturers, farther than to let them
know what I find to be next to worth-
jess about any of their products. I hold
it to be our duty to let them know
what we want, and to ask them to sup-
ply the need. Mr. Hasty, in his "After-
thoughts," will endorse all I have said.

Lyons, Kans.

Lower Freight-Rates East
and West

BY P. GREINER,

It would be difficult to deny the fact
that the interests of the Eastern honey-
producer are in opposition to the in-
terests of the Western producer as to
the lower freight-rates; and when the
National is making a fight for lower
freight-rates on honey, it is doing it
for the interests of the Western fellows.
These, of course, are looking to the
Eastern market to dump their product
upon it, and the higher the rates are-
yes, if they were prohibitive, the great-
er would be the benefit the Eastern pro-
ducer would receive.

The more Western honey that can
be kept out of the Eastern market, the
better in all probability would be the
price the Eastern producer would re-
ceive. It can therefore hardly be ex-

pected that the Eastern producer will
become vey enthusiastic over the pros-
pect of having low rates for the West-
ern honey-producer, who is enabled by
virtue of the better bee-pasturage, cheap
lands, etc., to produce cheaper and to
undersell the Eastern fellow.

Railroads discriminate between West-
ern shippers of grain, etc., and the East-
ern shippers, so that a car of wheat
will come from Chicago to New York
about as cheaply as from some points
inside of New York State to New York
City. It is expected that they (the
railroads) do the same with the honey-
producers. I can say that the farmers
did not like the idea of competing with
the Western grain-producers when the
tariff is the same, and perhaps the East-
ern honey-producers will feel a good
deal the same way, and will not hail
the day with great delight when honey
can come to New York at the same
price from California, Texas and Colo-
rado as it does from inside the State.

I realize that this is a very selfish
view to take in the face of the fact that
honey is selling a great deal too high,
and that all of us Eastern honey-pro-
ducers are becoming rich; nevertheless,
such is man.

I am glad to learn from Mr. Muth
that railroads sometimes pay damages.
It is news to me. I have shipped honey
for 30 years, and some lots were bro-
ken, but I have never yet had one cent
of damages paid me by a railroad com-
pany. I have shipped tons of comb
honey at an exhorbitant rate ( i % cents
per pound), and before the railroad ac-
cepted the shipment I always had to
give them a release of all responsibili-
ties. In view of this fact, of course the
rate was a great deal too high. Of late
years we obtain rates on the basis of
fruit, and so freight counts very little.
My admitting that some of my honey
shipments arrived in broken condition
may be considered as pleading guilty
to the charge Mr. Muth makes, that
many honey-producers (myself includ-
ed, perhaps) produce honey illy fitted
for transit. I admit that I, and many
others, do not use a great deal of comb
foundation in sections, and no bottom-
starters whatever. Still we produce
honey as good as Mr. Muth can pos-
sibly wish for. It is not desirable to
use comb foundation except as small
starters, and absolutely not necessary
to produce a honey that will ship. I
am sorry that Mr. Muth misleads the
bee-keepers by such advice as he gives.
It can not fail to hurt the honey-trade
if followed.

Honey is of a fragile nature, and it
will always be injured in transit when
not handled properly. We can not pos-
sibly produce a honey that will with-
stand such usage as bricks or cordwood
do, even should we use cast-iron comb
foundation. And when we do produce
it, it will not be wanted. If railroad
men could be induced to handle honey
with more care, much loss would be pre-
vented.

A friend of mine bought a case of
honey of me last fall, and I defy Mr.
Muth, or any other man, to produce
anything better than that case was, as
far as being well built out and securely

fastened all around; (the weight was
26 pounds for 24 pound boxes), and yet
that case was smashed in transit, be-
ing shipped 50 miles; there were but
4 or 5 sections unbroken in the lot,
veneering being between the combs at
that. Did the Railroad Company pay
for that honey? No! Railroad com-
panies are in it to make money, not to
pay damages ; that is my experience,
and I would not want to go to lawing
with them. It might result in throwing
away good money. It does not pay to
go to lawing with a railroad company
or a commission man ; or with any one,
for that matter.
Naples, N. Y.

Requeening Colonies in the
Fall

BY EDWIN BEVINS.

In September ist Gleanings, I find the
following from J. A. Green:

"Now is the time to requeen your
colonies. If you have only one apiary,
and do not mind having your bees
swarm, it may be as well to let the bees
do the superseding themselves."

I have only one apiary, and do not
mind letting the bees swarm, but un-
der no circumstances would I leave the
bees to do the superseding wholly them-
selves. In the time of the white honey-
flow, and sometimes earlier, the apiar-
ist will learn where his poorest queens
are to be found. If found only a little
before the beginning of the flow, there
is generally nothing to be gained by
requeening at that time, and when the
flow is on, the man who does not mind
having his bees swarm should let them
alone as much as possible. But when
the white flow is over, and there comes>
a season of comparative leisure, then
is the time for replacing his queens
known to be inferior, with queens reared
for the purpose during the flow.

Under circumstances generally pre-
vailing in yards cared for by one man,
there is no need, and but little excuse,
for the apiarist to send to a distance
for his queens to be used for supersed-
ing purposes at the time indicated. His
queens should be supplied from cells
built in strong colonies under the
swarming impulse in the early stages of
the swarming period. Every bee-keep-
er is supposed to know how to care for
these cells. In order that he may re-
inforce the supply, lest it be insufficient,
he should use one or more of his colon-
ies for queen-rearing, and begin with
the beginning of the honey-flow. My
experience proves to me that queens
thus obtained are the superiors of any
obtained from a distance, with rare ex-
ceptions.

It is doubtless a fact that some of
the queens that one has marked for
destruction will be superseded by the
bees some time in the course of the
season. It- is equally certain that some
of them will not. The cost of substitut-
ing queens reared under the conditions
above mentioned, to take the place ot
the queens supposed or known to be
failing, is not great. If one makes the
change he may be tolerably sure of re-

Feb. 28, 1907

169

American l^ee Journal

suits. If he does not, he will live in
some doubt, and, perhaps, in some dread
of what the outcome may be. If he
does not, it is my experience that he
will have some, perhaps many, disap-
pointing colonies in his yard the follow-
ing season.

I have always some colonics in the
yard with queens that I have no means
of knowing whether they are in a fail-
ing condition or not. These are the
colonies that have gone through the
season strong at all times and have
stored much honey. Some of the
colonies that are in this condition now
will have failing queens or no queens
at all in brood-rearing time next spring.
It is hazardous to requeen all such
colonies in the fall, as you may destroy
many a valuable queen. Therefore, it
is better to await developments. By
substituting young queens that have in
June and before, proven to be failing
ones, it may be presumed that the bee-
keeper has done neither the colony nor
himself any harm, and he is almost sure
to reap a balance of gain from the
transaction.

Leon, Iowa. Sept. ", 1906.

[Through an oversight, the forego-
ing article failed to appear when it
should have been published — early last
September. — Editor. ]

Management of Swarms, Etc

BY C. W. DAYTON.

On page 1035 (1906), Mr. Grant An-
derson says : "Don't waste the bees'
time by confining the queen in a box
for several days." It is given as a cau-
tion after reading my article on page
931 (1906). I try to be as explicit as
possible, but this swarm management
is a whole system, and can not be de-
scribed in one article. It calls into
use plans and fixtures never before
used. Nearly all bee-keepers think
themselves more or less experts, and
they also doubt that an entirely new
system could be devised, and on this
account they are likely to mix up the
new system with their old plans, and
this mixing causes trouble.

From one of my articles, which ap-
peared in another bee -paper, I will
quote :

"If the swarm issues, say, at 8 or 9
o'clock in the forenoon, I shake the bees
from the limb into an empty hive-body,
having the entrance closed and a screen
over the entire top to give plenty of
ventilation, while the bees are confined
in it. The caged bees should be set in
a shady place. After being in this box
an hour or so, or, long enough to be-
come clustered, I can usually raise the
screen without any bees taking wing,
and cage the old queen. Take the queen
away entirely. This will make them very
uneasy. Late in the afternoon, or, after
tlTey have been in this uneasy state s or
6 hours, I raise one edge of the screen
slightly to allow the bees to get out
slowly and return to their old hive of
their own accord, but queenless."

This is my plan or procedure to pre-
vent all increase, and there is no "sev-
eral days" nor any "as much as one

day" about il If the bees and queen
are to be hivrd in a new location, or,
in other wmi^U, if increase is desired,
then leave thr queen with the bees in
the box. I'.ui that is not so easy a
job as it m.iy seem that it should be,
for the reason that the bees are likely
to desert the queen and return to the
hive from which they came. The rea-
son they desert is either because the
bees were not in the swarming mood,
or else the queen is nearly worthless.
The queen might be a good egg-layer,
but egg-layinc; docs not always prove a
good queen, for the bees may eat most
of the eggs or allow the larvae to starve
while plenty of larval food could be
had were the bees in the disposition to
provide it. .\nd supplying a swarm
with drawn combs, or a comb of un-
sealed brood, or clipping the queen's
wing, as Mr. Anderson suggests on
page 1035, aggravates the bad condi-
tion.

We can tie a sitting hen on the nest,
and adjust a weight on her back to
compel her to "sit," but it is not "sit-
ting." The temperature of a sitting
hen is several degrees above the normal
temperature of other hens. It is often
that a hen will sit a few days and then
leave the nest. If we undertake to
compel the hen to sit, her temperature
will be sure to fall lower than the tem-
perature of other hens, which is an ill
temperature for the eggs. And the same
conditions are in operation with the
bees.

It is not the number of eggs, nor the
arrangement of the nest, that satisfies
the hen, nor is it the arrangement of
the combs or hive that satisfies the
swarming bees. There is an ingredient
which mechanical devising can not sup-
ply. It is the presence of this particu-
lar ingredient which causes the higher
temperature of the sitting hen and the
presence of the same ingredient causes
a higher temperature in a swarm of
bees. If there is an abundance of this
ingredient we are sure to get a good
"hatch" in the case of hens' eggs, and
in the case of bees the new combs will
be rapidly constructed, brood will be
plentiful and well fed, and supers will
soon be occupied and filled with stores
of new honey.

In testing swarms in a box we can de-
termine in a few hours' time the dispo-
sition and probable utility of the swarm,
and if their disposition is faulty it can
be altered or corrected. Any swarm
can be sent back to the old hive, but
as to whether they should be estab-
lished in a new location depends upon
the height of their temperature. The
greater their energy and disposition to
construct a new domicile, the higher
the temperature. This higher tempera-
ture manifests itself to the observing
and experienced eye because it changes
the actions of the bees from their usual
actions. It changes the pitch of the
sound of their wings. Any expert mu-
sician would soon discover this.

If we put the swarms having virgin
queens in a box with a queen-excluder
on it, to remain until the next day,
about half of the swarms will desert
and return to the old hive, leaving the
queen entirely alone in the box. Where

the queen is old, the bees never all
desert, but often there is but a small
cluster of bees which remain with the
queen.

Now, if the queen is an extra good
one, the bees will all stay in the box
with her, and when the other bees come
home from the fields and find that the
swarm has left the hive these bees will
search about the apiary and go in with
the swarm in the box. By this process
we get a good-dispositioned quantity
of bees, and good queens in the swarms.
When bees perform in this manner we
may know that they mean "business,"
and that they will construct their new
combs in haste. Swarms of this kind
generally prepare to swarm again in 28
days, by constructing queen-cells on the
2 1 St or 22d day after hiving. If drawn
combs or full sheets of comb-foundation
are put in when they are hived, there is
seldom made any preparations for fu-
ture or further swarming, at the 28-day
period.

Most bee-keepers would prefer the
swarm and queen which do not prepare
to swarm. But, in reality, this swarm-
ing disposition is an indication of en-
ergy. If they lack this energy they will
fall short of energj' for other accom-
plishments, such as constructing combs,
filling surplus-honey supers, or brood-
rearing. 'This energy corresponds to the
steam in an engine. We would not op-
pose but guide it into useful action. This
energy starts out early in the season —
first, to build up sufficient brood and
force of bees to swarm early; not to
swarm once, but twice. That is, the
swarm is calculated to swarm. In order
to swarm the second time it is necessary
hastily to fill the hive of the first swarm.
Thus there is a chain of succeeding pe-
riods of energ>-. When the chain is in-
terrupted the bees become listless, less
industrious, less productive, and have less
interest for all the operations of the hive;
may even allow a share of the brood
to starve, or from lack of heat it may
chill, the same as eggs chill through lack
of attention or protection by the sitting
hen. The brood-cells may not be prop-
erly cleaned out, and filth would accum-
ulate in the layers of cocoons, and more
dead brood follows. With the introduc-
tion of the particular bacilli foul brood
results.

By prevailing methods swarms are
scooped up and poured out with no
more consideration of the wants and
notions of the bees than if they were
pebbles. Instead of conservation, bee-
energ}' is extravagantly wasted; indeed,
the bees are often condemned because
they exhibit energy. Though this en-
ergy' can not be readily seen with the
naked eye, it is none the less material-
istic and valuable when rightly under-
stood. As the swarming season ad-
vances the old and best foragers are es-
tranged from all engaging interests, and
become transformed into mere sojourn-
ers in a strange land, suspicious at any
moment of being ruthlessly torn from
home and friends and other ties. It
might not be of so much consequence
had bees a memory lasting only a few
days, but the indications are that their
memory extends throughout their lives.
Chatsworth, Calif.

American l^ee Journal

Feb. 28, 1907

-^

f Convention 1^
^ Proceedings

Convention of Bee-Keepers'
Associations at Brantford

REPORTED BV J. L- BYER-

•■ (Continned from page 150 }

WEDNESDAY MORNING SES-
SION.
Comb or Extracted Honey — Which?

"Which is the most profitable for a
beginner to produce — comb or extracted
hone\- ?"

Mr. House — Extracted.

Mr. Hershiser — A difficult question to
answer. Depends upon the beginner.
Probably comb, if but a few colonies are
kept. More care is necessary to pro-
duce good extracted honey than comb.

Mr. Holtermann agreed with Mr.
House. He had seen beginners put
honey-boards on upside down, and put
sections together inside out. Sections
produced by beginners are never well-
filled, and are put on the market in bad
shape.

Mr. Byer — Small producers are not
the guilty ones in putting unripe ex-
tracted honey on the market.

Mr. Chrysler — A beginner that will
put sections together wrong side out
will not be apt to produce good ex-
tracted honey.

Mr. Edmondson and Mr. Shaver both
thought beginners would better start
with comb honey. One reason was that
they would not be so apt to have their
bees starve to death.

A vote showed the members to be
about evenly divided on their opinions
on the question.

At this point the following resolu-
tion was presented, which, after dis-
cussion, was passed unanimously:

"While we would encourage people
to go into bee-keeping who are prepared
to give it the same attention and study
that they would give to any other call-
ing, we would strongly advise any who
are not so prepared, not to invest in the
business, as results are sure to be un-
satisfactory to the investor as well as to
the industry at large."

Mr. House said certain periodicals
were booming bee-keeping as a fortune-
maker. Many were being deceived. He
would heartily endorse the resolution.

Mr. Chrysler and several others stated
that in their locality of all who had
started bee-keeping, nine out of ten had
made a failure of it.

Mr. Laing — People are influenced a
great deal by bee-keepers' conventions
and conversation. He heartily support-
ed the resolution.

Mr. Miller then read his paper as fol-
lows:

SHORT CUTS IN THE APIARY

Being at a loss where to start, I may
say that I am probably what might be
called a crank on short-cut methods,
having studied them and fitted in ideas
from various systems until they are now
saving me the expense of a man's help
during the busy working season.

First, the Heddon hive gives me many
short cuts in work all through the sea-
son. Commencing with queen-clipping,
the queens are smoked to the queen-
e.xcluder, and there caught without the
trouble of removing frames. As swarm-
ing-time approaches, a hive-lifting de-
vice enables me to diagnose and suppress
swarming perfectly, and thus at each
stage of the work short cuts follow.
During the time of extracting, no brush-
ing of combs is tolerated, the supers are
set on and beside the hive, and after
setting off a certain number, they are
placed on a large special wheelbarrow,
with a 30-inch wheel, and taken to the
house, and from here they are loaded
and drawn home from the outyards.
Here the extracting is done by a 2-horse
power, vertical gasoline engine, the
honey running to barrels in the cellar.
In packing the bees for winter, another
specially-constructed 'barrow together
with two 3-bushe! baskets, and a very
large, short-handled fork, enable me to
pack as many colonies as two men for-
merly did.

Now a word for my "ready helper"
who smokes : This is a sturdy little
fellow with a copper fire-box, 4^^x85^
inches, and lung capacity of 8J4xiiJ4
inches. The cap is hinged on the left
side, and to prevent it from flying open
under any and all circumstances while
in use, it is held securely by a short
piece of chain composed of very short
links, one end being riveted to the cap,
while the other end is drawn down and
into a groove filed in a piece of gal-
vanized iron, which is bent at right
angles and riveted to the barrel. This
gives an expansive fastening, thus al-
lowing for coking, which takes place
at the edges, and yet gives a secure fas-
tening.

Another very useful feature which
prevents the grass from falling out of
the cap and into the fire, is a piece of
metal bent at right angles and riveted
just above the lower edge on the inside
of cap, projecting in one-half inch. This
effectually holds the grass where it is
placed, and prevents the necessity of
frequently refilling. F. J. Miller,

Mr. Hershiser — How do you prevent
swarming with the Heddon hive?

Mr. Miller — Pry apart the 2 sections
of the brood-chamber and diagnose the
condition of the colony. Cells will al-

ways be built between the 2 divisions.
If cells are present, simply carry one
section of the brood-chamber to another
stand. In 4 days examine to see on
which stand the queen is, and if not on
the old stand, return her there.

Mr. Hershiser — No doubt the division
space is a handy place for the bees to
construct cells, but on Langstroth
frames they sometimes construct them
along the end-bars.

Mr. Miller^My frames are closed-
end, so that is impossible with me. I
never look for number of cells, but
simply find out if there are any present;
that's all I want to know.

Mr. Chrysler— The Heddon is too
small for me. I use a hive equal to a
8-frame Langstroth.

Mr. Miller had tried using 6 frames
in the Heddon hive for extracting pur-
poses, instead of 8 frames, and was well
pleased with results.

Messrs. Chrysler, Edmondson, Shaver,
and others, favored shallow extracting
supers, Mr. Chrysler declaring jocularly
that any one who didn't use them wai
behind the times.

Mr. Holtermann favored the full-
depth Langstroth frame, but admitted
that Mr. Miller puts up strong argu-
ments in favor of the Heddon hive.
Years ago he had tried them and didn't
know how to use them. However, he
was not in sjTOpathy with Mr. Miller's
plan of hauling the combs of honey
home for extracting.

Mr. Byer — Heddon hives are a nui-
sance if an apiary gets infected with
foul brood.

Mr. Miller— They need to be made
very accurate, and frames wired per-
fectly to prevent sagging.

Mr. House used super foundation and
only one wire in frames the same depth
as Mr. Miller's, top-bars H^-Vs inches.
Yet he had no sagging.

Mr. Coggshall— End-bars on manu-
factured frames are made too light.
Basswood is better material than pine
for top-bars.

Mr. Holtermann catches hold of end-
bars when shaking frames, yet he had
broken many ends of top-bars off.

Bee-Keeping Far North.

"Can bee-keeping be carried on suc-
cessfully in Alberta and Saskatchewan?

Mr. Craig said he had no personal
knowledge, but they were shipping a lot
of supplies out there.

Mr. Smith— Only where shelter is at-
tainable, bumble-bees are present _ all
through the West. Last season the yield
was light, but a year ago a number of
bee-keepers had averaged 100 poun-di
per colony.

Mr. Holtermann said he knew of one
man in Alberta who had sold $600 worth
of honey in one season : as more irriga-
tion was used, quite likely the more
honey would be produced, as alfalfa
was grown and local conditions were
quite similar to Colorado.

Condition of Combs for Extracting.

"What state should combs be in before
extracting?"

Mr. Coggshall— In New York State!
[Laughter.]

Members agreed that we should err

Feb. 28, 1907

American Hee Journal

on the safe side, and be sure the honey
was well ripened.

Comb Honey or Extracted?

"Which is best — comb or extracted
honey?"-

Mr. Hershiser said no difference. We
should try to educate people so that
they will be willing to pay as much for
extracted as for comb honey ; was in
favor of small packages, and showed
a tumbler which, on being emptied of
honey, made a handy drinking glass.

Mr. House agreed with Mr. Hershi-
ser. He could, in the clover-flow, pro-
duce as much comb as extracted. In
the fall there might be a difference in
favor of extracted.

Mr. Chrysler — Sell small packages
now, and in lo years the people will be
buying in large packages. The Toronto
Fair deserves more credit than has been
given, for distributing small samples of
honey among the people.

In answer to the query as to whether

we should iLli^ucfy honey that had
granulated in the store, the opinion was
brought out th.it if the work is prop-
erly done at lir>t, there will be no call
for the second <ipcration.

Mr. Armstrong — The secret in keep-
ing honey litiuid is in heating it after it
is scaled.

Mr. House mentioned an extensive
apiarist of his acquaintance, who had
put up 10 tons in .)4-pound jars, without
the least trouble of its granulating again.

Mr. Hershiser thought there might be
something in Mr. Chrysler's idea of
bailing customers with small packages.

Mr. Trinder favored large packages
and incidentally put in a plea for buck-
wheat honey.

Mr. Holtermann — Greater uniformity
of packages for both comb and extract-
ed is desirable.

Mr. E. R. Root came in just as meet-
ing was adjourning, and was heartily
applauded.

(Continued ne.Kt weelt.]

Conducted by J. L. Bvek, Markharu, Out.

Number of Ontario Non-Bee-
Paper Readers

A year or so ago the statement was
made at an Ontario convention, and
again repeated at the Brant County
convention, held last month, that about
8000 bee-keepers of Ontario do not take
a bee-paper. I questioned the accuracy
of the statement both times, and since
coming home from Brantford, I have
been looking into the matter, and I am
thoroughly convinced that this (York)
county has not its proportionate
amount of that 8000. To be sure, we
have had a county association for a
number of years, and there is no ques-
tion but that is a powerful factor in
the dissemination of bee-culture ; and
I more than suspect if there are any-
thing near 8000 bee-keepers in Ontario
who do not read bee-papers, that the
bulk of them reside in counties that
have no organization.

Black Bees vs. Italians

S Do you know, Mr. Editor, I have an
idea that quite a large number of
American and Canadian bee-keepers
will be inclined to sympathize with the
views of Mr. Macdonald (page 195) rel-
ative to the merits of the black or Ger-
man bees. At any rate, there is no
question but that a host of our exten-
sive apiarists do not want the Italians
in their purity. The Italians have
been lauded to the skies (sometimes by

interested parties) to such an extent
that it is considered almost a crime to
write anything in opposition to them.
Certainly the black bee has its failings,
but who will say that the Italians in
some respects are not also found want-
ing ?

By far the largest yields in three suc-
cessive seasons in one of my apiaries,
has been from a colony of German
bees, as pure, judging from general
characteristics, as it is possible to get
them. I might add that in this same
yard, each season, there has been a
numiser of Italians bred from the most
aristocratic blood in America.

Personally, I think that if half the
attention had been given in the past
towards eliminating the objectionable
features of the blacks, as has been
spent in trying to improve the Italians,
today the former bee would be in
every way as desirable as the latter.
The majority of my own bees are a
cross of Carniolans and Italians, with
a considerable admixture of black
blood; and, to tell the truth, I am in
no particular hurry to get rid of this
mixture.

The U. S. Pure Food Law and Its

Effect on Honey— Unripe

Honey

According to press reports. Dr. Wiley,
Chief of the Chemistry Bureau of the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture, appears to be one of the chief

figures in conducting the present agi-
tation for "pure food." In fact, the
good work he is doing in that direction
will have a tendency to cause bee-
keepers to forget the "joke" perpe-
trated on them some years ago, rela-
tive to the manufacture of comb honey.
From a lengthy article in the Toronto
Globe, I take the following appetizing
morsel. Speaking of gelatin. Dr.
Wiley said :

" It is made from the scrapings of
hides. These hides go into the tan-
ner's vats, and these hides that smell
to heaven, arc treated and trimmed,
and the trimmings used to make gela-
tin. The Marine Hospital service
found the tanner's germs in gelatin."
The best of this gelatin is used in glue
factories, and what is not fit for glue is
made into commercial gelatin, which
" is used for putting into ice cream and
candies, and for making capsules that
you take your medicine in.'"

If conditions are to be remedied, well
and good. If not, according to some
of the old adages, such as, " Where
ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise,"
and " What the eyesdon't see the heart
does not grieve for," Dr. Wiley, in
giving this information to the public,
has performed a doubtful service. Seri-
ously speaking, though, I believe the
present agitation can not help but bear
fruit, and we as bee-keepers should do
our part towards helping the good work
along.

One thing is certain, as the public
gainsconfidence in other food products,
to a corresponding degree will they
cease to suspect honey as being a mix-
ture of glucose and other ingredients.
As has been pointed out quite fre-
quently, lately, honey and glucose,
when labeled as such, will not sell as
readily as the same mixture labeled
"pure honey;" consequently, if the
new law is enforced, bee-keepers are
sure to be greatly benefited.

At the same time, I can not help but
think that United States bee-keepers
are expecting too much for the first
installment of good things being
brought them by the Pure Food Law.
One would think from reading the api-
cultural press of the United States,
that the Glucose Trust was killed and
decently buried, whereas, it appears
as viewed by the writer, to be simply
in a trance, and likely to be resurrected
at any time. Personally, I look for
the Glucose Trust to die hard, and be-
fore his demise we look for more spas-
modic kickings than have been mani-
fested as yet.

Aside from the matter of adultera-
tion of honey, the bee-keepers of Can-
ada and the United States alike, have
another obstacle in the way of selling
their honey to the best advantage. I
refer to the large quantities of unripe
extracted honey thrown on the market
every year by unscrupulous or ignorant
bee-keepers. R. A. Burnett & Co., of
Chicago, hit the nail squarely on the
head when they wrote the following to
Gleanings :

" If the bee-keepers will let their
honey ripen before taking it ofif the
hives, it will do more than any law
passed in furthering its consumption."

I have tested good honey mixed with
glucose, and also have sampled more
than once unripe pure honey. Neither

172

Feb. 28, 1907

American Bee Journal

appealed very much to the palate, but
the first-named was by all means to be
preferred.

Unripe honey is a hard thing to leg-
islate against, and the only remedy I
see is the education of the bee-keeper
to understand that it is to his interest
to put only well-ripened honey on the
market. Even if you can not appeal
to a man's moral instincts, as a gen-

eral rule, if you pander to his pocket-
book, you can convince him. It is
always easier to tear down than to
build up, and in this matter of better
honey, it is discouraging to know that
some who could be a power for good if
they choose, on the contrary use their
influence in persuading bee-keepers
that it is not necessary to allow the
bees to ripen the honey on the hive.

Qur ^
'Bee -Keeping

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Mureiiijo,

Women Lead in Bee-Keeping

A. I. Root has found at least one re-
gion where women take the lead in
bee-keeping. He says in Gleanings in
Bee Culture :

It is a Utile peculiar that bee-keeping all
through the Black Hills seems to be largely
in tbi- hHnds of the women. Our good friend
Mr. Anflerson has a harness-shop, and does
quilt a business; but his wife has been sue-
ceediDg so well in bee-culture that I believe
he contemplates closing up his shop and giv-
ing his whole attention to bees. I think they
have now something like 130 colonies, and
have started a very pretty apiary a mile or so
out of town.

Speaking of Bellefourche, S. Dak.,
he says :

I found quite an excitement in regard to
what had recently been done in bee-culture at
this place; and, queer enough, bee-keeping
there is almost entirely in the hands of
women. One lady said that the bees got so
much honey they were everlastingly swarm-
ing; and there were so many swarms that
came out when nobody was around to care for
them that they clustered in dooryards and
gardens all over town; and now almost every
home had one or more colonies hived in dry-
goods boxes, kegs, or something else; but the
women were taking the lead.

Honey Sandwiches

Chop together enough seeded raisins
and English walnuts to make a large
cupful, half and half. Add to them I/2
tablespoons of honey and 1 tablespoon
of orange or lemon juice ; mix well and
spread between thin buttered slices of
white bread. — Chicago Record-Herald.

Beginners and the Bee-Papers

I have a great deal of sympathy for
beginners in not understanding tech-
nical terms, and the more advanced
knowledge that comes from practise
and experience. I can remember the
time when all these things were Dutch
to me, and of making some great, big
blunders in managing my bees, owing
to this ignorance. But after getting

That Black-Stockinged Little Qirl

an " A B C of Bee Culture," and apply-
ing the knowledge gained therefrom in
handling my bees, I soon learned to
know the terms, and step along in the
more advanced classes, which, in a
graded school, would be like keeping
back classes to bring up certain new
members to a standard equal to those
more advanced, in order to go on. I
refer to the editorial on page 25.

Mrs D. M. Brown.
Cherry Hill, Pa.

Yes, like any other study there are
things a little difficult to understand
for the beginners in bee-keeping, even
the terms used are not always self-
defining. But do you really believe
that you would be satisfied to have
everything in every number of the
American Bee Journal so written that
the beginner with absolutely no knowl-
edge of bee keeping, should understand
every sentence ? Take this sentence :
"An excluder is often used to prevent
the queen from entering the supers."
Probably not one reader in a thousand
will have any difficulty in understand-
ing what is meant ; but to bring the sen-
tence to the comprehension of such a
beginner as has been mentioned, it
would be necessary to expand the sen-
tence somewhat after this style :

"An excluder, which consists of zinc
having perforations about ' 6 of an
inch wide, through which the workers
may readily pass, but which prevents
the passage of the queen, which is the
only perfect female in the hive, and
lays all the eggs, is often used to pre-
vent the queen from entering the
super, which is the compartment placed
over the hive in which the bees may
store the surplus honey." Now, sup-
pose that that sort of thing were kept
up, and in every number each word not
fully understood by the rawest begin-
ner should be fully defined, how long
would you be willing to take such a
paper ?

tS' I can't say too much for the American
Bee Journal. I can't keep bees without it.
I wish it the best of success. — M. A. Stone,
of Iowa.

I note with pleasurable interest tjie
comments on page 1034 (1906), under
head of " Our Bee Keeping Sisters," of
the picture of a " Black-Stockinged
Little Girl." A§ I scan that criticism,
it occurs to me that Miss Wilson should
have been a lawyer. That " Doesn't it
prove too much ?'' — if she had said
nothing more, reveals what was dis-
turbing the gray matter of her brain.
The point was ingeniously made, and,
had her hypothesis been correct, might
have furnished a basis for an argu-
ment ; but, the fact is, in taking the
picture, I had no other motive than to
present the young lady with a photo-
graph of herself holding a frame of
bees.

Now, right here, before I forget it,
allow me to pay my respects to the
Editor for the part he has taken in this
matter. He made the question of
"Black Stockings " prominent by en-
titling the picture. To be candid, I
think he should be indicted for malic-
ious mischief, and be sent up for life.
Nobody can tell what a world of trouble
this matter may cause me, for we all
know that, to intimate to the majority
of bee-keepers that bees are no more
inclined to sting persons dressed in
black than in any other color, is like
flirting a red rag before an infuriated
bull. It stirs up an immense amount
of nevous energy, and I'm not the fel-
low to do anything of the kind if it can
be avoided, but have my own convic-
tions upon that matter from personal
experience and experiment.

But to return to the little girl : When
she came into the yard, I put a veil
over her face to insure safety, and after
going through the hive, finding the
queen, etc., and the bees becoming
quiet, I risked removing the hat for a
snapshot (as my kodak was near), the
wearing of black stockings being a
mere incident which I regarded as un-
important.

I am sorry to learn that the bees in
the neighborhood of Marengo have a
reputation such as is generally given
them by those most intimately ac-
quainted ; it certainly is anything but
flattering. As results follow cause, we
are naturally inclined, especially where
the results are unpleasant, to try to
ascertain what the cause is. My bees
are handled gently, neither tobacco in
any form, nor intoxicating liquor of
any kind used, neitherdo they give me,
nor any one else, any trouble. It is
true, they are thorough-bred 3 banders,
but are no sleepy-heads by any means,
for I could stir them up so that they
would ^o for the whole neighborhood.

Not knowing just what the practise
is in handling bees in the neighbor-
hood of Marengo, it would be almost
hazardous to offer advice, and espe-
cially gratuitous advice. Were one
better acquainted with Miss Wilson,
we might suggest as an experiment,
that she secure a different sort of a
helper. You know slight changes
sometimes produce surprising results.
For instance, some remove the queen,
thinking to cure bee-paralysis; others
paint the barn red and think the result
favorable. "The woods are full " of
good material — persons who have none

Feb. 28, 1907

173

Amc»rican l^ee Journal

of the habits obnoxious to bees — why
doesn't she try the experiment 7
Evanston, 111. Wm. M. Whitnky.

Now, what can Mr. Whitney possibly
mean? His bees are gentle "as a
sucking dove," their gentleness due
to the absence of tobacco and intoxi-
cating liquor, and then he suggests
that I get a different sort of a helper.
If that means a helper not addicted to
tobacco or liquor, would he designate
it as a " slight change ?" What can he
mean? And why can't he express him-
self so that there will be no doubt as
to his meaning ? But, perhaps, we

ought not to expect too much explicit-
ness from onu of Mr. Whitney's youth-
ful years.

Smallest Honey Crop

Our crop of honey was the smallest I
had ever had here, but the hives were
well filled for winter, and the bees have
wintered well so far. They had a good
flight on Chistmas, and one or two in
January. Some were flying Feb. 1.
Mks. Wm. Middlecamp.

O.shkosh, Wis., Feb. S.

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

No Adulterated Arizona Honey

The following, taken from a circular
from the Arizona Experiment Station,
is of interest. I believe very little
adulteration of honey would be prac-
tised in any of our Southwestern
States for the same reason. An inter-
esting fact is that I have seen very
little honey in the Texas markets that
might have been adulterated. If pres-
ent high prices should prevail, how-
ever, it will be seen that such practise
might be made profitable, from the
adulterators' standpoint ; but since the
pure food laws are put to use there
should be little danger even then. It
is interesting, nevertheless, to know
that we, of these " far-oflf " Southern
States, should at least be so favorably
located as to be safe from the ban of
adulteration, even without pure food
laws. Here is the item referred to :

" The adulteration of honey, in Arizona, is
not oommercially possible for the excellent
reason that freight-rates so enhance the price
of glucose and sugar, that these adulterants
can not be profitably used. For instance, the
average wholesale cost, laid down, of white
sugar during 1902, was 4% to Sig cents a
pound, and of a good grade of glucose was 4^.,
to 4''4' cents a pound: while the prices ob-
tained by the honey associations for their
product in car-load lots, were from 4^4 to 5Jj'
cents. This has been the commercial condi-
tion for years past, and while it continues,
the fact that honey is from Arizona is suffi-
cient guarantee of its purity. Water, indeed,
might be mixed with an especially dry prod-
uct, but fermentation would be too likely to
punish such dishonesty."

Spring Feeding' of Bees

Bees that are found short of stores
in early spring need feeding as badlj-
as for winter stores. Not only must
they be furnished with food, but as
brood-rearing begins the brood must
be provided for.

There are many ways of feeding, but
the time and the season, the weather
and other conditions, must be consid-
ered, as, for instance, during midwin-
ter cakes of hard candy laid over the
frames above the cluster should be
given. Then, again, during warm
weather, and in the summer months,
outdoor feeding of sugar S3'rup may
be practised. Syrup of this kind, while
it should not be fed in winter, can be
given in the early spring, but on ac-
count of the cold weather it should be
fed inside of the hives so that the bees
may get to it at all times.

It is bad policy to feed outside early
in the season, as much loss to bee-life
is entailed by forcing the bees out
when chilly weather still prevails, be-
sides the wear and tear to the life of
the bees while getting the syrup home
from the feeder.

When it comes to the feeder to be
used, we must agree with J. L. Byer,
of "Canadian Beedom," that " truly,
it might be said, of the making oijeed-
ers there is no end." (Page 72.) Some
of them are all right, some not so good,
and some feeders may suit certain
persons while they would not suit
others. For instance, the Alexander
feeder is praised by many, while /
could not use it satisfactorily, because
there are at least a hundred different
kinds of bottom-boards in my apiaries,
to only a few of which this kind of
feeder could be attached. And even
with the right kinds of bottoms, the
" hive-stands " will not always " fit."

An entrance feeder of the Boardman
type was given a trial, but there is a
good deal of danger from robber-bees,
hence I do not think such a feeder ad-
visable ; indeed, the safest place to
feed is within the hive, away from
where any outside bees may get to the
feed.

The Doolittle division-board feeder
was used satisfactorily for several sea-
sons, but there were two objections to

it/bru^, although they might not be
such for others. One was that it neces-
sitated the removal of one of the
combs from the brood-chamber, when
inserting the feeder in place of it ;
and another was that the brood-cham-
ber needed to be opened and the clus-
ter of bees disturbed when feeding,
and to ascertain the quantity of syrup
in the feeder. This feeder was im-
proved later by cutting away part of
the top-bar entirely where only an
auger hole was before, through which
the syrup was poured.

There are several objections to the
combined hive-cover and bee-feeder of
H. A. Smith (page 72), for our Southern
climate, at least. First, the expense
of the cover when not used as a feeder.
Of course, a feeder separate from the
cover may make the expense of both
as much, or perhaps slightly more, yet
such a feeder could be stored away and
sheltered from the weather, and not be
handled every time the cover of a hive
was taken off. But one of the main
objections would be that such a cover
would not stand our blistering sun and
changeable weather conditions. It
would soon warp and twist, or crack,
and admit robber-bees. If made of
heavier material the expense would be
increased, and the extra weight to the
cover itself would be quite an objec-
tion, in my mind.

/ prefer using an empty shallow
super over a bee-escape board, from
which the escape has been temporarily
removed, so the bees have free access
above. With the regular hive cover
on top of the super a space is formed
similar to that of the Smith feeder, in
which are set several large butter-trays
for the syrup. A bunch of excelsior is
thrown into each tray to keep the bees
from drowning, and I think this is a
better and cheaper arrangement with-
out the extra expense.

In place of the bee-escape boards I
have used sheets of thick, heavy paper
which can easily be obtained from
furniture dealers, after it has been
taken from the packed goods. Through
each sheet, as large as the outside
dimensions of the top of the brood-
chamber, a hole is made about l>i
inches in diameter for the bees to pass
through when it is laid over the top of
the brood-frames. It is all-important
to keep the warmth of the cluster con-
centrated below, hence the use of such
a partition between it and the syrup
fed above. It helps the bees a whole
lot.

Honey as a Health- Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand tor honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy.fon a 2-oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for §1.25;
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American Bee Journal.

174

Feb 28, 1907

American Hee Journal

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Preserving the Forests.

As to the latter part of his article on
page 27, we may thank Prof. Cook for
showing us the grindstone which we
will have to put our noses on not far in
the future. Individual initiative is
sweet to us, but we can not continue
indefinitely to be such utter fools in the
matter of forest destruction as we have
been. The hold-up will be a law which
will say : No cutting of any consider-
able number of trees (no matter to
whom they belong) without a permit
from the State Bureau of Forestry ;
and no permit without satisfactory as-
surance that the forest area is to be
kept good by replanting. I suppose it
will eventually be found best to divide
each large forest which occupies level,
arable ground into a large number of
small sections — cut one section at a
time, cut it clean, and replant — either
with or without a few years of cultiva-
tion. Very much more lumber can
thus be raised on the same area than
in Nature's higglety-pigglety way —
an3 probably more than in any mere
modification of Nature's way. (If this
is objected to as not bee-matter, I'll
claim that basswood for sections is
what we're after.)

Chickens Eating Young Ants.

The chickens of Pacific Coast " Mur-
murer," that we hear of on page 16,
surprise me. I had supposed that the
young of ants, so long as they remain
white, are destitute of the biting acrid-
ity we are so familiar with. That
might well prevent almost any creature
from wanting to eat them. I had sup-
posed they were regularly raised as
food for high-priced young birds.
Quite a backset to find chickens that
won't eat them. Still, I can't say off
hand that I ever saw chickens eat
them. And, scratching out ants in a
natural way, chickens would probably
find an adult ant clinging on to each
pupa. They might honestly enough
decide that the white one was not good
enough to pay for eating a black one
along with it.

Wintering Bees in a Trench.

Mr. Whitesides found a few colonies
to winter well in a trench. Couldn't
be " aisy ' till he had crowded some
into a trench two tiers deep. That time
the lower ones all died. The look
of that sort of thing is that the number
of bees was too great for the amount
of air percolation the pit afforded. The
befouled air was heavier than the rest,
and so the lower colonies naturally got
an overdose of it. Page 13.

Home-Made Hives, Etc.

A factory-made hive with a quarter-
inch bottom-board — it does seem as if
stale vegetables and things ought to be
flung at it — if not at its maker. And
Dr. Bohrer's experience, that even car-
penters do not make hives sufficiently
exact in dimensions unless one watches
them closely, is worth noting. We'll
agree with him as to the rest. Occa-
sionally men make their own hives
profitably, and very well. But the
usual rule is that the work is poor, and
dimensions not exact enough. Page 28.

Enduring Beb-Stings.

Mr. Wm. W. Green seems to be a
rare bird — in his ability to go through
so frightful a case of bee-poison with
almost no treatment. Better for peo-
ple like him not to keep bees. But his
notes ought to be valuable for compari-
son with other bad cases — decidedly
more valuable on account of his ab-
stention from treatment. That 6 hours
after the stinging the skin exuded odor
which suggested bees is one of the
points of interest. Page 28.

Short on Storks and Less Pollen.

Mr. McGuire thinks Paul's "Lay
aside every weight, and the sin," etc.,
is good for us. If the "weight" is
useless fixtures, I suppose the " sin "
would be useless manipulations — or is

the habit of writing for the bee-papers
the sin 7 Not sure the application is a
good one. At least, he evidently
doesn't care for the "cloud of wit-
nesses," but only for the coppers.

At first I thought it was a mere no-
tion of his that colonies short of stores
brought in smaller pollen-loads. After
a while a reason why it should be so
occurred to me, and then I was more
ready to think it might be a fact.
Where there is plenty of honey at home
very likely a bee going out for pollen
would take some along to be used in
making up the pellets. Where there is
famine at home the gatherer would go
out empty, and trust to finding in the
fields some nectar to be used in mak-
ing the pollen cohere. If little or no
nectar was to be had in making up the
pellets would be difficult, and they
might be small as a result. Page 28.

Honey from Oak-Galls.

Wonder if it's always the case that
honey from oak-galls is too dark and
poor for human eating, as Prof. SchoU
finds. It half-way seems to me that
some one has reported eatable honey
from that source. Page 29.

Gloves and Bees.

" Between gloves and defeat, wear
gloves." Don't think I ever saw that
side of the argument better put than
Miss Trevarrow here puts it. Some
might add, And get a better tempered
strain of bees as soon as you can.
Page 30.

Political " Bee-Keepers."

And that Murmurer, with most atro-
cious parody of logic, wants to call the
politician a bee-keeper because he has
a bee in his bonnet ! Why, the bee
in the bonnet is rampageously trying
to keep the man. Man can't keep
the bee till he can get the bee away
from the region behind his ample
ears. If the politicans were all bee-
keepers we'd have had all the legis-
lation we could make any use of long
ago. Page 3S.

^^ ■■■ill III II I UfJ.' . ' ^.^4#

iocfor MilkrJ

y'^:>

Send Questions either to the offlce of the American Bee Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

U^° Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Colonies in Hives Under Snow

On page 67 Mr. Doolittle says, " If the hives
are buried in snow .... the obstruction
should be removed, for an occasional winter
(light is a great benefit," Would it be an ad-
vantage to remove the snow in a country
where a chance tor a winter flight is almost
never known ? I have experimented to a lim-
ited extent with 7 ways of handling the en-
trances, and have come to the conclusion that

I lose less bees during the winter with the en-
trances closely covered with spruce boughs
and the hives buried in straw or snow. In
one instance, a colony came through all right
after having been buried for over 2 months in
6 feet of snow. I have not been able to come
to any conclusion as to which will build up
best in the spring. P. E. Islakd.

Answer. — For a certain lime there prob-
ably could be nothing better than to have a
colony covered with 6 feet of snow or more.

Feb. 28, 1907

1 -4^g^^

American ^ee Journal

175

But I think some cases have been reported
where the beee were kept bo warm and for so
long a time that they tool< to brood-rearinK
and suffered badly. Your idea or spruce
boughs seems a capital one. With enough of
these I wouldn't feel anxious, oven with an
imprisonment of a good deal more than 'J
months.

Feeding Bees in Box-Hives

I am a beginner with bees. I bought 26
colonies from a neighbor, mostly in box-
hives. When I brought them home some
seemed to be very light, and I think they need
to be fed before bloom comes.

1. How can I tell if they need to be fed?

2. Is there any danger of feeding too long
in the spring?

8. What is the best way to feed bees In box-
hives? Illinois.

Answers.—!. You can't tell very well; but
you can make something of a guess at it by
weighing, or hefting, the box, and seeing how
much heavier it is than an empty box of the
same kind would be. If it doesn't weigh
about 40 pounds more than the empty box,
then it will be a good thing to feed as soon as
a warm day comes in spring. If it weighs
only about 20 pounds more than the empty
box, better feed right away. But much de-
pends upon what is present. It the hive is an
■old one, well tilled with old combs, and a lot
of pollen in it, it should weigh much heavier
than one with a light afterswarm that has not
much in the way of combs or pollen.

2. No, unless you feed so much that the
<iueen has not room to lay.

3. The best way is to put some combs of
honey under the hive. If there is not room
for that — and probably there is not — make a
shallow box or rim 2 inches or so deep to put
under the hive.

Putting Bees Out of Cellar-Medium-
Strong Colony -Controlling In-
crease True Thermom-
eter, Etc.

4. I BuppoEc you refer to the last part of
my answer to .Minnesota. That plan— put-
ting the queen ilowu Into an empty story un-
der an excUuiui is only used for extracted
honey, for you understand that the story of
brood that is imi, over the excluder will be
lllled with honey just as fast as the cells are
emptied by the i-irierging of the young bees.
But if you wish, you could got such a colony
to do some work also in sections. In that
case, I should put the super of sections be-
tween the two stories about 10 days after put-
ting the queen down, perhaps raising the sec-
tions on top after the bees were well started
in them.

5. 1 don't know. Perhaps in the larger
places they are to be had at a higher price that
are entirely accurate. Isn't there in your
neighborhood a volunteer Weather Observer
to whom the government has furnished an
accurate thermometer? If so. you could com-
pare your thermometer with his. But it
doesn't matter such a greatdeal whether your
thermometer is accurate or not, if you want it
to use in the bee-cellar. All you have to do
is to try to find out at what degree by your
thermometer your bees are most quiet, and
then try to hold the cellar at that tempera-
ture. And that's what you'd have to do any-
how, even with an accurate thermometer.

0. I think not. Good thing if Iowa bee-
keepers would stir in the matter.

I am wintering 50 colonies of bees in the
cellar with the hive bottom-boards off. When
I put them out, how can I keep them from
fiyingout? The hives are piled on top of each
other.

2. I have no wind-break or shade at home.
Would it pay me to move my apiary 60 rods
from home and have both?

3. What is a medium strong colony in an
8-frame hive on April 1? or, in other words,
a colony that is strong enough to hold its
own?

4. I run my apiary for comb honey only,
and wish to control increase. With refer-
ence to your answer on page "4, should I put
the super of sections on top of both stories,
or between them?

5. Where can a true thermometer be pur-
chased? I have 3 which I hung up side by
side, and they stood at 4, 7, and 12 degrees
below zero, Feb. 3.

6. Has Iowa any foul brood law, or any bee-
keepers' as.sociation i Iowa.

Answers. — 1. If in good condition, and
carefully carried out, they are not likely to
want to fly. It will help matters if you have
doors and windows of the cellar wide open to
the outdoor air the night before carrying out.
If, however, the bees are not quiet enough,
blow smoke under to quiet them.

2. I don't know. It depends a little upon
how much you care yourself for shade to work
in, and how much also for the inconvenience
of having them so much farther away. As
you winter your bees in the cellar it would
make no difference in wintering. It's a toss-
up which way to decide.

3. A colony that has 2 or 3 frames half
filled with brood and plenty of bees to cover
them the first of April is likely to hold its
own all right, but it would need to be twice
as strong as that to be called medium.

Transferring Bees — Italianizing
Requeening— Feeding Com-
mon Syrup

1. A has 30 or 25 colonies of bees that he
wants to get rid of so that he can have the
combs and honey that are in the brood-cham-
ber to put his first swarms in so that they can
go to work at once. Can B take the bees,
transfer them to Langstroth hives, and feed
them until honey-gathering season comes? If
so, how? and how soon? (A wants them
taken away as soon as practical.) B can han-
dle the bees all right.

3. Would one good Italian colony furnish
drones enough for 60 or 75 colonies by put-
ting drone excluders, or drone-traps, on all of
the hives? If so, how? Would answer No. 4
to Pennsylvania, page 389 (1906), answer in
this case? There is no apiary near me, and
practically no timber, and I want to Italian-
ize my apiary. I have one good, strong Italian
colony.

3. How should I introduce the queen-cells?
By cage? If so, how, and what cage should
be used?

4. Would you requeen at the beginning of
honey-flow, or later in the season?

5. My bees are hybrids and brown bees.
The brown bees are large and comparatively
quiet. 1 do not think they are the little black
bee I hear so much about. What would you
call them?

6. I have half a barrel of common syrup
that is of no use to me. Would you let the
bees have it in the spring? If so, how, and
at what time? Maryland.

Answers. — 1. It's a bad time of the year
for such business, but it can be done. As
soon as bees fly every day, take out all the
brood-frames, leaving the bees on empty
frames or foundation, put on a Miller feeder
with sugar syrup, and the bees will do the
rest. But that is objectionable in two ways:
It is a loss of brood at a time when brood is of
the most value; and it is very objectionable to
have the-dead brood in the combs when they
are to be used for swarms. So you must man-
age with an excluder. Put all the frames
into the upper story over the excluder except
one frame of brood that you will leave in the
lower story with the queen. In2or3 days,
or as soon as the queen has begun laying in
one of the new frauies below, put into the up-
per story the frame of brood you left below.
Then in 3 weeks all the brood will be out
above, and you cuu remove the frames. I am
taking it for granted that the bees are on
movable frames. If they should be in box-
hives, then the bees must be drummed out, so

as to be sure to get the queen out, then put
Into the lower story, and the Ijox-hive put
over the excluder and left there 21 days.

2. Yes, a tingle colony can furnish enongh
drones for 7'> colonies or more, providing It is
strong enough and has enough drone-comb,
say the equivalent of half a frame or more.
The answer given to "Pennsylvania," to which
you refer, is all right for you. The only dif-
ference made by your distance from timber
and other l)eos is that you are less likely to be
troubled with outside drones.

3. (ienerally a queen-cell will be accepted
all right by any colony that has been queen-
less 2 or 3 days, or as soon as it begins build-
ing some queen-cells of its own. Fasten
the cell centrally on a brood-comb by means
of a hive-staple. Lay the frame on its side,
lay the cell in place, either horizontally or
with the point downward, then put the staple
over the cell, not with the cell in the middle
of the staple, but at one side, that is, one leg
of the staple is touching the cell, and this leg
is pushed in only far enough to hold the cell,
while the other leg is pushed in deep. It will,
however, make the cell a little safer against
being torn down by the bees if put in a Miller
introducing-cage, and the cage can be held in
place by running a slender wire-nail or a very
large pin through the cage into the comb.

4. Y'ou'U probably do some of both ; for if
you begin at the beginning of the honey-flow,
there will be some failures that will be made
up later on.

5. If I were in your place I think I should
call them large brown bees. Occasionally
such bees are spoken of, although they prob-
ably do not differ much from ordinary brown
or black bees. But there is no question that
some black bees are better than others.

6. Yes, there is generally a time in the
spring when bees can fly every day but get
little or no nectar. At such a time it will be
well to feed such syrup. Either feed in the
hive with a Miller or other feeder, or if you
are situated where neighbor bees will not get
the lion's share you can feed in the open air
in shallow dishes with cork-chips on top, or
some other arrangement to keep the bees from
drowning. Open-air feeding may be a little
the best for the bees— more like working in
the field.

The Miller Frame— T-Super, Etc.

1. Kindly give me a description of the Mil-
ler frame so that I can make them or have
them made : or can they be purchased of deal-
ers?

3. How is the foundation fastened to the
top-bar?

3. How thick should the follower be in
order to hold the frames solidly together?

4. Are the T-supers just like yours sold by
dealers?

5 I have some new supers made 5 inches
deep. Can they be used for Tsupers!

Michigan.

Answers. — 1. I think you will get Miller
frames by ordering of the leading manufac-
turers; but here is how they are made, as
copied from my book, " Forty Years Among
the Bees:"

" The frame is of course of the regular
Lansstroth size, 17?sx9V. Top-bar, bottom-
bar, and end-bars are uniform in width, 13^'
inches throughout their whole dimensions.
The top-bar is Js-inch thick, with the usual
saw-kerf to receive the foundation, and close
bf side this is another kerf to receive the wedge
that fastens in the foundation. The length
of the top-bar is IS;'^ inches, and J<;x9-16 is
r ibbeted out of each end to receive the end-
bar. The end-bar is 8 9-16xl}s'x;5^. The bot-
tom-bar consists of 2 pieces, each 17°<x>2Xj^.
This allows '^-inch between the two pans to
receive the foundation, making the bottom-
bar Ifs inches wide when nailed.

"The side-spacing, which holds the frame
at the proper distance from its next neighbor,
is accomplished by means of common wire-
nails. Tbese nails are IV inches long and
rather heavy, about 3-32 inch in thickness,
with a head less than J^inch across. By

176

Feb 28, 1907

American He^ JoarnaJj^^^^^^^fc

means ot a wooden gauge which allows them
to be driven only to a fixed depth, they are
driven in to such a depth that the head re-
mains projecting out a fourth of an inch.

"Each frame has 4 spacing-nails. A nail
is driven into each end of the top-bar on op-
posite sides, the nail being about an inch and
a half from the extreme end of the top-bar,
and a fourth of an inch from its upper sur-
face. About two and a fourth inches from
the bottom of the frame a nail is driven into
each-bar, these nails being also on opposite
sides. Hold the frame up before you in its
natural position, each hand holding one end
of the top-bar, and the two nails at the right
end will be on the side from you, while the
two nails at the left end will be on the side
nearest to you.

" The object of having the nails so heavy is
so that they may not be driven farther into
the wood when the frames are crowded hard
together. Once in a great while the wood is
split by having so heavy a nail driven, and if
such a nail could be obtained it would be bet-
ter to have a lighter nail with a head a fourth
of an inch thick, so that it could be driven
automatically to place without the need ot a
gauge, and without the possibility of being
driven farther in by any amount of crowding.

"The end-spacing is done by means of the
usual frame staple, about ■'« of an inch wide.
The staple is driven into the end-bar, imme-
diately under the lug of the top-bar. This
lug being only half an inch long, there is
room for a bee to pass between the end of the
lug and the upper edge of the hive-end, so no
propolis is deposited there."

2. I prefer what is the usual way at the
present time, as suggested in the foregoing
description, the foundation being received in
a saw-kerf and wedged there ; but it can be
fastened in any other way.

3. Strictly speaking the frames are never
held solidly together. They are crowded close
together against one side, but there is left a
loose space at the other side between the
dummy and the side of the hive. No possible
harm can come from this except that it allows
a little movement when hives are hauled over
very rough roads, but I have never had any
trouble in that way. Thfs dummy is 5-16
thick.

4. I think some are, and some not. If you
say in ordering that you want the same as
mine, I think you would get them.

5. Any super consisting of 2 sides and 2
ends without top or bottom can be made into
a T-super, the difficulty of adapting it de-
pending upon its measurements. A super 5
inches deep would be for sections i^^ inches
in height; but it might be cut down to lit a
shallower section, and strips could be nailed
on to make it fit a deeper section.

m ai

Starting With Bees

In July, 1903, while we were drawing in
hay, our mother called to use that a swarm of
bees had settled on the end of our old barn
used for an implement house. Our uncle had
left a number of bee-hives in it the winter be-
fore, and it was these that attracted the bt es.
When we came up from the field we exa u-
ined them as best we could, and found th-^y
had settled in one of the boxes. We left the-m
alone until next day, when one of us wei.t
over for our uncle, who came and brought i'
veil, smoker, and all necessary things with
him. We then got the bees out ot the barn
into our orchard. This was our start in bee-
keeping. In the fall of 1903 we began feed-
ing the bees, and in this way we succeeded
in wintering them all right. L

In the spring of 1904 we took thera out of
winter quarters, and during that summer our
apiary increased to 2 colonies. We got no

honey that year, but the bees had plenty to
keep them over winter.

In the spring of 1905 we again moved them
to the summer stands. On examination we
found them in pretty bad shape. The hives
had been too damp, and the bottom of the
hives and some of the combs were blue-
molded. Nevertheless, the bees were alive.
We now began to enquire about how to han-
dle bees. Before this we had acted on our
own judgment, but we knew very little about
that kind of business. That summer our api-
ary increased to 3 colonies, and we got enough
honey for our own use. We thought we were
doing not too badly. We did not have to
feed them that fall. In the spring of 1906,
when we examined them we found them all
right, but very cross. We were beginning to
learn a little about them now, and that slim-
mer we increased our apiary to 5 colonies,
and got about 60 pounds of honey. We sold
about 30 pounds and left them enough to win-
ter OD That fall we bought 6 colonies and
an outfit for $22. We had to feed the new
colonies. We doubled our old colonies down
to 3 colonies, and so this winter we have 9
colonies. Ltnn Bros.

Molesworth, Ont., Jan. 23.

much in love with whiskey, or anything of its
nature as a beverage; but honey is a No. 1
medicine for that kind of trouble.
Gait, Ont., Jan. 19. W. D. Harris.

[We will have to refer the above request to
Dr. Miller for an opinion.— Editor.]

Bees Did Fairly Well

My bees did fairly well last summer. I
started in with 6 colonies, increased to 12,
secured about 300 pounds of comb honey
(about half will grade " strictly fancy "), and
my hives were put into winter quarters very
heamj (55 to 65 pounds per colony) .

One colony in particular did what I con-
sidered extremely well, filling 6 supers (24
sections each) and working a little in the 7th
super. Besides being such great workers,
these bees are very beautiful and gentle. I
tried hard to rear a few queens from this
particular queen, but succeeded in getting
only one hatched, and she was lost while
taking her flight from the hive. If 1 can keep
the orignal queen through the winter, I am
going to try again. E. H. Upson.

Noble Co., Ind.

Hardest Winter Years

The bees seem to be all right in the cellar.
The winter was very severe up to the last few
days— the hardest one »e have had for years.

The American Bee Journal comes very reg-
ularly, and 1 can not say too much in its
praise for the helpful information it brings.
I feel that I would be nowhere in bee-keep-
ing without it. RoBT. McCradie.

Hendrum, Minn., Feb. 13.

Very Cold Weather-Need Faith

We are having very cold weather here at
this date, the mercury having dropped below
zero. In some parts of Pennsylvania it has
dropped 26 degrees below, which is very hard
on bees in this part of the country, and I fear
there will be some very severe losses around
here.

My bees, so far, are wintering nicely, both
in the cellar and outside. My honey crop for
1906 was not extra good, although I got more
than my neighbors did. They seem surprised
that I get more honey than they do, and ask
me how I do it. I tell them to subscribe for
the American Bee Journal, as I n-edit my suc-
cession. But they say it is useless to sub-
scribe for a bee-paper, for they know all
about bees '. So I let them alone in their Igno-
racoe.

I am in great hopes we will have a good
season this year, for a bee-keep'er must never
lose faith. William H. Boeckel.

York, Pa., Jan. 29.

Honey for Curing Bronchitis

We found out last year that honey is a
first-olaes article to cure bronchitis. During
the last 2 years my father and mother have
suUered greatly from bronchitis. They spent
considerable money doctoring, and the truth
is our family doctor was at his wits' end to
know what to do for them, and matters looked
pretty blue until a neighbor came along and
told father to take every night, before going
to bed, 3 good tablespoons of honey ; add 2
tablespoons of whiskey, and put into a good-
sized tea-cup and till with hot water, and
drink it hot before going to bed.

Well, in 2 nights he commenced to feel
much better. He kept it up for S or 10 nights,
and the bronchitis was settled. When he had
it worst he could gel no sleep at night, and
mother was as bad off, but now both ot them
are well.

As soon as father got well, he went down
to the doctor and told him what he had done.
The doctor had another patient who had
bronchitis very badly, and he was not mak-
ing any headway towards curing him. He
was an honest doctor, so he told his patient
how sick father and mother had been ; that
he did not know what to do for them, and
what they had used to cure themselves; that
this patient should try honey for his bron-
chitis. He did so, and a dollar's worth of
honey consumed in the family and used as a
medicine put their bronchitis out ot business.
I do not think they had to use the whiskey
the same as we had to. I would very much
like to see this thing tried further, with the
honey alone, without the addition ot any
whiskey whatever; but as I have no more
bronchitis around, I can not do any more
toward trying its virtue, but it may be the
means of helping some other afflicted person.
I would like very much to know if honey
alone would have as good effect in most eases
as the honey and whiskey, because I am not

Home Hive-Making

I have read with much interest the different
articles on hives made from '■ store " boxes.
You will notice that I have used the word
" store " instead of •' dry-goods " boxes, and
now comes the reason :

Nearly all dry-goods boxes are made from
lumber from 3 to 8 inches wide, and all
tongued and grooved together like flooring.
Such lumber is not suitable for hive-bodies or
supers, but it is good for bottom-boards and
covers'when well dried and tirmly nailed to
cross-pieces at each end ; and they are not so
apt to warp and get out of shape as when
made from a single board.

Now for the hive-bodies and supers : The
boxes I am about to describe are sometimes
hard to get by any one living in the country
or small towns, but in a town of 4000 or 5000
or more, one should be able get all he wants
by keeping his eyes open.

The boxes in question are known as " hat-
cases," and will be found in gent's furnishing
stores. These boxes are always white pine,
the sides of 38-inch stuff, planed on one side,
and are often as much as 12 inches wide, and
come in tor a great many uses in the apiary
or chicken-yard. The end-boards are one-
inch boards from 36 to 45 inches long, snd
from 12 to 16 inches wide, and are usually
quite free from knots, but I always look the
boxes over and reject those that are detective,
i pay from 10 to 15 cents each for such
boxes, and by a little watchfulness can get all
I want. I made U 10-trame Langstroth hives
last winter at odd times from such boxes, and
after they are painted they look just as good
as any factory hive.

Last week I made one 14-frame hive after
the Ferris plan, for 2 queens, and I got it all
but the top out ot 4 end-boards. The cover
will be made later as stated above.

This article is intended only for those who
have plenty of time, and are handy with tools.
I will tell later how I made an outside case
for a super-cover from the '9 -inch boards of
the hat-cases. F. 0. Fowler.

Marietta, Ohio, Feb. 10.

Feb. 28, iyu7

177

Americai ^^e

J

standard- Bred Italian
FREE

We are booking orders now for those I'iiie
Untested Italian Queens that we Mller
every jear KKKK to paid-in-ailvanee mb-
scribers as premiums for getliag \KW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
•lune delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

(ieoftje ir. York tt: Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are tine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

(iconje ir. York <fc Co.: — After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 9'.j La ngstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date, and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have nover built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

(leonje H', York it Co.: — The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N, P. OOLESBT.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York <t' Co..-— The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in tilling my order. Jly
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., II!., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
-i^l.OO for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for $1.00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If jou,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send $1.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation—" first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, Il.l..

/'

*W!-|-f

"IjanKHtroth on the Honey-Bee"—

Ihe well-known bee-book revised by the
Dadants— has juet passed into another edi-
tion. There have been some 75 pages added
to it, and the whole work brought down to
date in every respect. It Is certainly a Bne
book, and should be read by every bee-keeper.
It Is really a classic. To become acquainted
with the great I.angstroth through the read-
ing of his book is no small thing. Other bee-
books are good, but there Is only one ■' Lang-
stroth on the Honey-Bee." The latest re-
vised edition will be sold at the same price as
the one preceding, which is *1.20, postpaid.
We still have a few copies of the old edition
on hand, which we will mall at 90 cents each,
if preferred, so long as jthey last. We club
the new edition of this book with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year— both for $2.00.
So long as we have any copies left of the old
edition, we will send it with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.80.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

,„o, ,„ „ „ ^' y^*''^ ^'*te Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but 75 cents; or we will send it with the

Bee Journal for one year — both for only $1.. 50.
It is a fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding Is
necessary.

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILt..

If you Hdut me Bee-isouH

That covers the wkole Aplcoltnral Field moie

completely than any other published,

send SI. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

LIberil DIscoaot* to tbc Trade.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

178

Feb. 28, 1907

i)^ American Hee Joarnali

Honey Earns Honey

only when invested in a money-earning bus-
iness, and 1 believe there is no good, sate and
honest business earning more money on the
capital invested than the subscription-book
business.

DO YOU BUY BOOKS?

This is a book-buying age. A house with-
out a library is no longer a home, and most
of the home libraries in this country are pur-
chased as a result of direct solicitation.

BUT FEW KNOW

that during the last six years nearly 150,000
sets of " Modern Eloquence ^^ have been sold
for $7,500,000.00; that " StoddanVs Lectures "
have been placed in 350,000 American homes
for §12,000,000.00; that 300,000 sets of the
" Century Dictionary " have been sold for
$21,000,000.00 ; that more than 560,000 sets of
" Sriiannica^'' have been sold in the United
States alone for over 344,000,000.00 ; or that
the sale of these books still continues. But
few know what the profits are on this busi-
ness. How much of it did you receive?

A MODERN PUBLICA-
TION

of the highest class, which in sales and profits
is destined to exceed the above records, is
now being made and sold. This is evident
from the actual results now being obtained,
although the sale was begun less than six
months ago, and you can have full particulars
by sending your name and address on a pos-
tal card, costing

ONLY ONE CENT

Let me mail you a letter telling all about
this record-breaking, modern American pub-
lication ; how several hundred eminent Amer-
ican specialists are making it; why the
American people find it not a luxury but a
necessity, and w!tat a few dollars will do — not
over a hundred— if now added to the present
capital.

MAKE YOUR MONEY
EARN MONEY

Write me to-day, as this is a present oppor-
tunity. Address,

W. B. GILBERT

28 Jackson Boul., CHICAQO, ILL.

8A4t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder"

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everythitig- used by Bee-Keepers.

POUDER'S HONEY-JARS. Prompt Service.

Low Freight Rates. .-. .•. .'. Catalog Free.

BEESWZAX VNZANTED

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it U< you.

Write for prices on -Finext Extracted Honey . Certificate guaranteeing purity with

every shipment.

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS

orders for SUppllCS.

WALTER S. POUDER

513-515 .lla»»a«Uiisetl:>i Ave.. - irVUIA.lIAHOI.IS, INU.

Mention Bee Jonmal when vrrltlnt;

Metal Mothers

Complete fireproof H itch-
ing and Brooding Plant
for$7.S0. 2 quarts oil will
natch and brood SO chicks
Our nest system is the
latest discovery. Full line
Poultry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Catalog-.
Write today CVfLE HATCHER
CO., Rox-O, Kepseirllf, \. V.

Moore's Lon^-Tongue and Uolden
—QUEENS—

FioeSelertUntestrd Queens, *l; 6, $5; 12. $9.
Tested, Jl.SO; 6, J8. Best Brerders, $3 50. Safe
arrival guaranteed . W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

'>D18t Please mention the Bee Journal.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Gold(»n or Leather Colored. One coloay of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Big Profits in Capons

t'aponizing is easy — soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50.

jGape Worm Extractor 25c

1 Poultry Marker 25c

[French Killing Knife50c
jCapon B00I5 Free.

Arch St., Philadelphia, Fa.

(CAPON
TOOLS

. P PiUing&SonCo.,

.Mention Bee Joomal when nrntlns.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
stroctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re
salts. Comb foundation made easily and

?nickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press Jor L. frame
sheets, 12.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making* the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILUE, TENN.

Mention Bee Jonmal when vrrltlns*

Mrtil ItiK

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrst-clasB hatchers made.
&EO. U. STAHL, Quinof, UL

iruHl v« iicB wrltlA^

Wi 8bll Root's goods in Miohiqan

Let ua quote yon prices on Sections, Hlvei,
Foundation, etc, as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax WanUd for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A80N,

Bbll Branch, Waynb Co., Mich

Uentloii Bee Joamal vrben writing.

Forsaie

Two bushels of SWEET
CLOVER SEED, holled
— $12 laUes it, sack in
eluded, F. O. B. Carbon

daie.^1906 crop. ^^^^ ^^gj^.^ Carbondale, Kan.

Mention Bee Journal rrben vrrltlngr.

Best No. I Sections i:\^'^:lx^^l ^°c

lebS. Discounts on Danz. and Ruot's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Bosses. Bees

for sale. ». S. Dubu, St. ftone, III.

6Al4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

WE WILL SAVE YOU MONEY ON
BEE-SDPPLIES

Tlie falconer Goods are acknowledged the
FINEST. At Factory Prices here in Cin-
cinnati. Let us Figure on your wants for this
Season. Beeswax wanted at 31c cash, or 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our Cata-
log.) THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
TAtf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Mention Bee Jonmnl vrhen *vrltlnir*

EVERGREENS

Nurser\- grown, hardy everywhere.
All sizes f'T all purposes, lowest
I'ricc.>^. 5(1 b:irgain Ims, first class,
prepaid $1 to $10 per 100. Also Nurs-
trv ^T'lwn Forest Trees.
Fl{KE:-One heautiiul Black Hill
Spruce to every customer. Send
for free Cat. and Bargain Sheet.
D. Hill, Evergreen Specialist
Box 15, Dundee. III.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen wrltlns.

Feb. 28, 1907

17y

American l^ee Journal

^Mij^'j

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
For 1907

It is profusely illustrated and <'.u-
larged, and contains only articles of Ihi'
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keopers in this country.
We have published the American J!ee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy aud our new
illustrated price-list of bEE-SUPPLlES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.J

4- ^ecstpax-f

=5'

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stock laid in during- the autumn bj
the large retailers, but during- the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings lS@l6c, aud for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from 6@T!^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the pric for averag<*.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; am-
ber, ll@i3c. Fancy white extracted, 7H@8 c;
light amber, 6H@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. ___ fiWM. ^. Selsek.

New York, Jan. 16. —The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15(a'16c for fancy white; 13f<i 14c for No. 1;
X2c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dis-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@SJ^c; light amber, 7}^c; am
ber, 6M®"c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6Hc. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.
Hildreth & Srgblken.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-

Completc block for 11K)7 now on liami.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

a6 most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYIWG FROM ME. Snd rgr^'mt' "*'•

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

l,Ai'«S, and C'AICIASIA.^S

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

hreil in separate apiaries,
t)ie<]:OL.I»K:>i VKI.-
I.OWS, 4°AK.'VIO-

C. H.W.WEBER =;

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Avei.

tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, f.^; and good No. 2, 52,80. White
extracted, x@S^c per pound; light amber,
7->4@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

Thk Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Feb. 9.— The demand for ex-
tracted amber honey has brightened in the oast
3 weeks. Amber honey in barrels at 6^@7Hc,
according to the quality and the quantity pur-
chased. Fancy white extracted honey selling
at 8a;9c in cans. Comb honav is a drag on the
market, fancy selling at 14(a'l6c. Beeswax, 32c.
for choice grade. Thk Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 14.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@lTc; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'3)13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8(5iQc; amber. 6(§Tc. Good average beeswax
sells here at $33 per 100 pounds.

WaLTKR S, PotJDER.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming iu much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No, 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7J^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@28c.

The Griggs Bros. &. Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb
honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jobbing
wa^s from 14@14J4c; single cases 16c for No. 1
white; ofif grades not wanted at any prlcet Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
6(3165^c; white clover in barrels, 7!^c; in cans,
Si4z. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C. H.W. Wkbek.

Kansas City, Jan. 25— The receipts of comb
honey have been more liberal during the last
week or two, and the demand light, market
weaker. The market Is practically bare of ex-
tracted, and there is quite a little inquiry. We
quote: No. 1 white cnmb, 24 sec. cases, $3.10;
No. 2, $2.75; amber. $2.^0, Extracted, white,
7H(§8c; amber, 6H'«7c. Beeswax, 27c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, SI each; Tested Queens, 12;
Select Tested, .?3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Produeers will be ready
early in April.

Carnlolans, Italians and Goldens

Equal to the best, regardless of price. Prices:
Tested, each, *1.00; dozen, .?10.00. Untested,
each, 50 cts. ; dozen, ?5 50.
6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal, Texas.

FENCE ^rSe"?^'

Made of High Carbon colled wire. We
have no agents. Sell direct to user at
factory prices on 30 days free trial.

We pay all freight. Catalog shows 37
styles and helwEt? of farm and fiooltry
fence. It's free. But direct. Write today

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.

Box QQ WINCHESTER, INDIAIIAr
Bee Journal when Trrltin^

Qlention

WANTED - BEESWAX

Will pay market prices and make remittance
day wax arrives.

Colorado noney-Froducers' flssociatioii

9Atf DENVER, COLO.

mention Bee Jonmal irhen ^rrltlKSb

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning', buying or selling, consmlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

WANTED TO BUY AT TOP PRICES

WIIIXE CLOVER HOI%EY, both Comb aud Extracted.

If you have any write at once, saying hnw much you have, how it is put up, and jonr
lowest price, and all about it, in first letter.

C. N. Scott & Co., Bee-Keepers' Supplies, Incubators, Brooders, Etc.

-Catalog Free-

29Atf

1001 East Wasb. Street, l.^iOIA.'^APOEIS, i:>I>.

180

Feb. 28, 1907

s
I
I
I

American HQe Journal

DADANT'S FOUIDATIOS

.^IT EXCELSi^

say,

thing.

#

Ask any dealer who handles our make along with any other and he will ^

' Of course, Dadant's is the best. " 0

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same ^

WHY ? ' Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR ^

SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST #

g COMB FODNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE. J

^ For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex- x

X periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will W

^ have the best. It will cost you no more than any other. W

f WORKING BEESWAX f

^ \\ e work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct. 0

^ Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCFS when ^

0 you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY. f

t A gents for our foundation everywhere. ^

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper. 0

i DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. f

jH&ds&i ^JLsilic JL^JL iiiJL -JsitJL -:i!iJL -si>JL -s^iL -*'#''- ■*$'*■ ->'#>■ >#•'- *#•'- .•#>■ .^'I^- .*i'*- .*i'*- .•l!*- -«f «• ^'l''' •#■■ .*i'*- -^i'"- -«#'• •>'#]£: ••'#''' >#■'- •*%'"■ '*^iL *#''' -^'#Jl -«'I'' ■I't- •#•'- ■•#^- ■«l'- ."l^- >l^' «#^'
^»r^S7 ^fHSP if*'!^^'!^ ^29^ 1K9^ '^'■^^I'* ^I'* ^I'*' ^vl* ^I*^ <>^

'^5 ^? 'flf!* 'lt.« "If* -<♦» -^#« -if* -^#5- --f«*- --I* ■«!^^ --fji- -flf!i "iIj*- -i-f!*- -^f-i- -f* -f* --|-»- -f*" -if*- -^l-- -^f.*- -^f^' --f*" -<!!■»■ -<■#■»■ -^#* •'!f!»- -i#!»- -*|.*- if:*- -f* '-f* -^|-»- -^^If "-^^ ffnf!?

Mentio I Bee Jonrnal vrben writiutc.

QUEENS f/o^ liaf !:^rnTel NUCLEI

I win sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Queea, 25c; dc2.,$3; Nnclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2-frame, $1.50; j-f rame, ?! 75,

4A13t R. M. SPhNCER, Nordhoff. Calif.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen irrltlns.

«' It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

r

Our Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up=to=date hives are the

We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ?

Our HONEY-EXTRACTORS

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker? If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRET6HMER MFG. GO., GounGil Blutts. Iowa.

Muecatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.,

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German

i

fc We will Buy and rf
H S 11 P

m

!€&

lOIEI

S« of the different grades and kinds. S?54

of the different grades and kinds.

^§ If you have any to dispose of, or if ^^

^( you intend to buv, corresDond f^

SM

with us.

m

„.„ We are alwavs in the market •?§

i '" 1

I Beeswax p

^a at highest market prices. ^^

P Hildreth & 5egelken J

^S 26s & 267 Greenwich Street ^§

pSS NEW YORK, N. Y. ^

" Xhe continuous advertiser
gets the bulk ot the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is.*'

47th Year

MARCH 7, 1907

Number 10

TWENTY PAGE NUMBER

182

Mar. 7, 1907

American ^ee Journal

PT7BLIS3ED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THB SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal la
$1.00 a year, in the United States. Canada, and
Mexico; ail other countries in the Postal Union. 50
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is pa'.d.
For instance, "decO'r"on your label shows thai itifl
paid to the end ot December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION KBCBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us t<ipay subscriptiou. but
chanjze the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOo.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than }i inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.... 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ...20 '•
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riHhts.

3d.— Toenfort-e laws against the adulteration or
honey. _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wis.

i^ If mnre convenient, Dues may be sent to the
ubiiahers of tbe American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are Just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

-^r7"fi2?iV>?'' O WONT TOO BEE riy HONEY

^,5j>'? f-W/i '^° '•""" ^"'* lONELY HEART?

^ l<««»or^3^[ For i would huc too all the Tint j
^j— .BEAR To^yf /\f^ ^^ „Qyi^(j ^|.^^ij p^ij^

Itt^Uil rl li MOO

■ A»4

As most of our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The CHls herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remiud them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for lOo (stamps
or silver), or .=) FKEE with the American Bee
Journal one year at ^l. 00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2)„'
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Sweet, - CHICAGO, ILL.

1 ^-

BEE-SUPPLIES

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our <lellvere«l
prices on Uovetailed Hires, Sections, i^ectlon lloldei-s,
Separators, Brootl-Franies, Foundation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shippinjs^-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bae-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' SudpIu 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

DWer's GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otaer makes?

Because the bees liket ojst and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalos and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

400 West 23rd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.

3SAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is 9, very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on bis cott-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picttire shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-button
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and i buttoni
for $1.10. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

Marshf ield Goods I

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.
We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of
young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.
If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Joarnal Id^SiTum

Mar. 7, 1907

183

-^F-^;^>Kg=^

American ^ge Journal^^^

Pure and Selected Italian Queens

Sent direyt fruni lioloniia (('ontnil llulv.)
Adtiress, KXTENSIVE APIAUIES.

ENRICO PENNA, San Ruffillo, Bologna, Italy.

1907 Price-List for America:

I <lu«en !*.£ <tiieeDM

April and May Jl ',10 *i!l liO

.June and .luly l.SO 'MM

August and September 1.60 I'J.iJO

Notice. — Mr. Doolltlle's " Scientific Queen-Rearing " is my guide in rearing my queens.
Only queens of the higuest type are sent to purchasers. In September and October I can send
also Italian (Jueens of common bees at $l.:iO each.

CoNi>iTioNs— Cash with orders. The queens that may die on the journey will be re-
placed provided they be sent back immediately in their boxes. Purchasers are urgently re-
quested to give their address very clearly.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnfc.

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

gt^° »$en<l for list ot Slightly Mam-
aged <itood!<i to Melect Irom at Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. ^ot mo

Long Distance Telephone, North ISSO. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO, ILL.
(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)
Uentlon Bee Jonmal when vrritlnK.

What Would Be

the condition ol bee-keeping had not some ingenious bee-keeper
invented and made the Bingliani Bee-Sniolcer and
Honey-Knife ?

Bingham tills orders for thousands, every year, from the
largest distributors of bee-keepers' supplies, who say they like
to sell Bingham's Goods, because they always give satisfaction.

If you want the BEST, and can't get them handy, you
can always get them direct from the original inventor
and sole manufacturer, at regular prices, per mail.

It will always be a pleasure to know that you bought the
Best from the original inventor of such a perfect tool.
Respectfully yours.

T. F. BINGHAM.

Farwell, Mich. SE2t

Mention Bee Joamal when writing;.

TRAINLOAD OF BEE SUPPLIES

- EN ROUTE TO

/UC-WOOPMAN CO.

(V->)x GRAND RAPlOS^-tllCNy

L<LQueens

'I'he (iDeat in the land from
UaNIEI, WtKTll it Gkast,

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded Goldens.

The Goldcns took First
f rcniium at every Fair ihcy
were exhii)iieil last year.

Prices :-L'ntested,?l. 00 each: Tested, tl. 50
each. Add^e^^,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

^W' Make .Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have moved from San .\ntonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6E8t

U<>e-NupplieH and Berrj-Boxes

Lewis B ware tit Factory Prices. Bee-keeperg. club
toKother. send mo list of »(oods wanterl. itDrt let me
quote you prices, 1 «lve the roKuliir discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send forCataioK.

oEtf W.J. McCARTV, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting- to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D. SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, Hich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Caucasian and Italian

QUEEIMS

First Premium at Michigan State Fair,il906.
Circular tells the rest. A postal gets it.

A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich.

8Etf Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

To

pr"vt' they are
healthv and vit^nrous we'll
send Four Trees 3 yrs. oM free to
X'roperty owners. Mailtcp ex-
, jiense 5c. A postal will brinff
them and our calalop- with 64
■ colored plates. Write t'.day.
THE GARDNER NURSERY CO.,
BoK 815, Osage, Iowa.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Gold*?n or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, SI 00; six, $5.00. Tested, fl, 50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf

OSWEGO, ILL.

NAliE

YOUR OWN CUT
GREEN
BONE

It's :i very easv, sim-
, pie t>per:iti<:>n with a
' CROWN Bone Cutter.
Green V'oru' make.-^ egps. and
stimulate.-* the hen's product-
jive oreaus. Cut bone fresh
/every day. The Cr"wn does it

quicklvwilh no bother or muss, i^yearsl

iliiibg- cutters. Write for free catalog, r

^WILSON BROS., Box 618, EASTON, PA.J

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrltlajr.

02 Pkts SEEDS T5II Ui 20c

Beet. K:.ryptian; Cabbage, Surelioad; Car-
\rot, I'.invtTS; Corn, Kiniy Everprffn; Cu
96 \^cumber. New C'uiubiTland ; Lettuce'
PAGE XlJirlv (.'urled ; Musk Melon. Paul Rose!
CATALOGS W'ater Melon, Sweetheart; Onion,
FREE to/ Trize Taker; Radish, New Conical;
ALL /Sfiuash, Marrow; Tomato, ilatoldess.
/One packet each for 20 cis., coin or
Stamps. FREE v.irh nrrler: parket of New
Bavarian Oats. Mention paper.
W, W. BARNARD CO , Dipt. Q . KInzle St.. Chlca^'o.

Mention Bee Jonmal w^hen wzitlngr.

Mar. 7, 1907

American Vee Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

.>

J!l.

r

■■^B

>

jk .

4f

t*

^1

^f F

1 1—

SI.

A %^ ... m. <

-1^

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More Honey

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

♦Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Frnita b ruit and Produce Ass'n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Georgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.
Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

Evansvllle Vickery Bros.

Ion' a

Des Moines J oseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angnsta Carl F. Buck

* These deaiers buy

^Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

^lassachnsetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

LyonsTille W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micbigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A . I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill... .Jno Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Bljnke & Hank

I%e'»v Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

Wew Ifork

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. L Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

ZanesviUe E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utab

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at tbe PostoeSce at Chicago as Becond-Claes Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 7, 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 10

itorial Md
and Commenfs

y^x

Carrying Up Dark Honey

At the Ontario convention Mr. Alpaugh
said that under certain conditions there was
danger that bees might carry up dark honey
from the brood-chamber into the surplus
apartment; and Mr. Holtermann said he had
known buckwheat to be thus carried up.—
Canadian Bee Journal.

Working at Bees When Sweating

" Never work at a hive when you are sweat-
ing. Bees have a strong dislike to the exha-
lations of one in a perspiration."

That is the advice given in a foreign bee-
paper. Some bee-keepers in this country, with
hundreds of colonies, will smile broadly upon
reading such advice. It would work best in
a locality where the flowers secrete nectar
only in freezing weather, if bees are to be
kept on a large scale.

That Apis Dorsata Comb

Among other interesting paragraphs in
" Gleanings from Foreign Fields," by W. K.
Morrison, in Gleanings, is one which reads in
part as follows :

The American Bee Journal has a paragraph
calling in' question the statement that Apis
dorsata builds a comb with cells S^o inches
deep ; but this is an actual fact, and the thick-
ness of the comb is h inches and more where

it is attached to the branch of a tree It is

probably true the cells at the top of the comb
are not 6-6ided, because the stretching caused
by the great weight of so large a comb, to-
gether with the weight of one whole colony
of bees, would serve to draw the cells out of
shape.

This undoubtedly refers to a paragraph on
page 1045 of the American Bee Journal for
1906, the statement in question being, "They
make a large osided cell about 2>o' inches

deep." it is going rather far anelil lo defend
a general statement of that kind by saying
that there may be cells of that depth at the
upper part of the comb. The defense of the
5-sided cell is somewhat ingenious, but is it
possible that those bees make such bad calcu-
lations as to have their combs stretch at the
top? Suppose they should stretch, would they
be 5-sided? Take a piece of poultry-netting
with 6-sided meshes and stretch it. If by any
possibility you can stretch it so that there
shall be one 5-sided mesh in 1000, then it will
be time to talk about stretching the big bees'
cells into 5 sides. Even then would it war-
rant the general statement that their cells are

5-sided?

■*■

"Mow Bees Make Honey"

Mr. M. M. Baldridge, one of the oldest con-
tributors of the American Bee Journal, as
well as one or two others, kindly sent us the
following which appeared in the New York
Tribune Farmer for Dec. 12, 1906:

How Bees Makb Honet.

" A great many people think that bees get
honey from flowers," says the Rev. Theodore
Wood, in the Loudon Tribune, but that is
quite a mistake, for there is no honey in
flowers. It is true that many flowers have
sweet juices. But sweet juices are not honey;
and before they can be turned into honey
they have to be swallowed by a bee.

" When a bee goes out on a honey-making
expedition it depends a great deal upon it3
tongue, which is very long and slender, and
is covered all over with stiff little hairs, so
that it looks just like a tiny brush. With
this the bee sweeps out the nectar from the
blossoms into its mouth, and goes on swallow-
ing it, mouthful after mouthful, until it can
swallow no more. But the nectar does not
pass into its digestive organs and serve as
food. It only passes into a little pouch, just
inside the hinder part of the body, which we
call the ' honey-b»g.' When this bag is quite

full, the bee Mies ofl to i ts hive, and by the
time that it arrives there the contents of the
bag have been turned into honey I

" How this is done I am sorry to say I can
not tell you ; for nobody has ever been able
to find out. If we examine the honeybag
through the microscope, we can find nothing
to account for the change. It seems to be
just a bag of tough skin, and nothing more.
Yet, in two or three minutes after the nectar
has been swallowed that wonderful change
takes place. And if a bee is fed with sugar
and water instead of nectar, it will turn the
sugar and water into honey in just the same
strange way.

" When the bee gets back to the hive with
its load, it goes straight off to a honey-comb,
pokes its head into one of the cells and pours
out the honey through its mouth until the
honey-bag is empty. Then it flies off again to
obtain more nectar, and make a further sup-
ply. And so it labors busily on from the first
thing in the morning till the last thing at
night, never being away from the hive for
more than a few minutes at a time, and
always bringing back a fresh supply of honey
in its wonderful little bag.

"Now, perhaps you wonder how it is that
the honey does not run out of the cells as
soon as the bees have filled them. For these
cells do not stand upright, but lie on their
sides ; and if we were to lay an open barrel of
treacle on its side, that barrel would very soon
be nearly empty. As soon as the honey is
poured into the cell by the bees, however, a
kind of thick cream rises to the surface and
covers it. And this cream holds the honey so
firmly in position that not even the tinest
drop oozes out.

" But when bees want to keep honey for
some little time — when they are storing it up
for use during the winter, for instance— they
are not satisfied with this creamy crust, and
are evidently afraid that the contents of the
cell may dry up. So they carefully cover it
in with a little waxen lid, which makes the cell
perfectly air-tight. Next time that you have
honey-comb for breakfast, if you examine it
carefully you will find that nearly all the cells
are closed in this curious way.

" Now, why do you think that the bees take
the trouble to make so many small cells in
which to store away their honey >. Why do
they not make two or three really big cells
and keep it all in those?

" Well, the reason is that they know per-
fectly well that if honey is kept in a large
vessel it very soon becomes thick, because the
sugar in it forms into crystals; and in that
case they can not feed upon it. But as long
as it is kept in the small cells of the honey-
comb it remains quite fresh and liquid, sa
that all through the winter they are able to
use it as food."

As the foregoing appeared also in the Lon-
don Tribune, we sent the clipping to Mr.
Thos. Wm . Cowan, editor of the British Bee

Mar. 7, 1907

Am0rican ^ee Journal

Journal, in London, asking if he knew o( the
" Rev. Theodore," and he replied as follows
Jan. 15, 1907:

Dear Mk. York : — We do not know any-
thing about the Rev. Theodore Wood, but I
should think he belongs to a class of profes-
sional writers who undertake to write on any
subject that they think would be popular,
without knowing anything about what they
are writing. We do not take any notice of
all the rubbish that appears in the secular
press about bees, and the Tribune is i paper
that is apt to print sensational articles, and is
not a paper that we place any reliance upon.

The Rev. Theodore Wood is like the other
Rev. J. G. Wood, who wrote a book about
bees, as he did on a variety of Natural History
subjects, and who confessedly knew nothing
whatever about the subject except that he
read up in order to write the book. After this
book was written and was published, he had a
number of inquiries from readers asking him
questions about bee-management, and not
knowing anything about it, he applied to Mr.
Hooker to help him in his dilemma. He ad-
mitted that he wrote the book only because
he was commissioned to do so, and had read
up for the purpose. We have a number of
such people, and it is evident that the writer
of the article you send is one of these. Such
writers are not beekeepers, and we often
wonder at the American bee-editors attribut-
ing such rubbish to British bee-keepers.

We wonder what you would think it we
attributed such articles as I enclose as a speci-
men of what American bee-keepers know on
the subject. We would not print such rub-
bish ! Tours faithfully,

Tho9. Wm. Cowan.

The item referred to by Mr. Cowan, in his
last two sentences is this, which appeared in
the Evening Telegraph, of Dublin:
Overwork Among Bees.

Lord Avebury should be interested to learn
that to the snake story and the mosquito
story American humor is now adding the bee-
story. The Minneapolis Journal issues a
warning against placing one's bee-hives too
near an are light A veracious correspondent
reports that his own bees mistook a light of
this kind for daylight, and continued work-
ing until dawn, when they "turned in." In
a few minutes the sun was out, and they in-
stinctively returned to their labors, which con-
tinued until dusk. After a short respite the
re-kindling of the arc light sent them stag-
gering forth for another round of toil. " They
were all dead by the end of the week— victims
of overwork, every mother's son of them."

We will have to refer this " arc light bee-
story " to our Minneapolis readers.

But we wish to thank Mr. Cowan for his
complete reply. Undoubtedly both this and
the " mother country " are producing some
wonderfully vivid imaginations among some
of their writers. If only the truth were ad-
hered to, how much less of literary " rub-
bish " there would appear.

Virgin Queens and Drone-Comb

L. S. C. says in the British Bee Journal:
It is, I believe, Doolittle who maintains
that, with a virgin queen, drone-comb is built
so invariably that combs in process will show
whether the colony has been dequeened. I do
not know exactly upon what observation this
is based, for I find that such bees build
worker-comb, but there may be conditions
other than the mere possession of a virgin
queen which would overrule the matter.

Has Mr.
belief?

Doolittle ever expressed such a

0)isccUancouP
fie cus -Items

I i.-idftrii

Our Front Page Pictures this week
are something of a medley. Most of them
were sent to us by Mr. D. H. Coggshall, of
New York State, who attended the National
convention at San Antonio last November.
The pictures may be described as follows :

No. 1 represents Wm. A. Selser, Mrs. Cogg-
shall, and Mrs. Ball, who, with Mr. Coggshall,
were returning from an alligator hunt in the
wilds of Florida. Mr. Coggshall is not shown
in this picture.

No. 2 is said to have been one of the
"speakers" at the National convention in
San Antonio. If such was the case, he did
his " speaking " outdoors. There were many
of his kind on the streets of San .\ntonio. He
seemed to be a very useful " citizen."

No. 3 shows 2 children who seem to be
somewhat " colored." There are quite a num-
ber just like them in San Antonio and in
many other parts of the South.

No. 4 shows the oldest cathedral in San An-
tonio, and also one of the city plazas or parks.
This is a very pretty spot. We had the pleas-
ure of walking through it and also entering
the ancient cathedral.

No. 5 represents Mr. O. O. Poppleton in his
apiary of " Long Ideal " hives. He was for a
long time an extensive bee-keeper in Iowa,
but some years ago moved to Florida, where
he is perhaps the largest bee-keeper now in
the State. We have had the pleasure of
meeting him at several National conventions.
He is a most genial man and an excellent bee-
keeper.

No. 6 shows a part of one of Mr. D. H.
Coggshall's New York State bee-yards in
winter quarters. From this apiary he has
obtained as high as 13,000 pounds of extracted
honey in a single season.

making such examination the Inspector
shall make another examination thereof,
and if the condition of any of them is such
as in his judgment renders it necessary, he
may burn all of the colonies of bees and all
the combs necessary to prevent the spread of
the disease.

Sec. 3 — Any owner of a diseased apiary, of
honey made or taken from such an apiary,
who shall sell, barter, or give away such api-
ary, honey or appliances, or bees from such
an apiary, expose other bees to danger of con-
tracting such disease, or refuse to allow the
Inspector of apiaries to inspect such apiary,
honey, or appliances shall be fined not less
than fifty dollars nor more than one hundred
dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail
not less than one month or more than two
months.

Sec. 4. — There shall be levied annually on
the owner of each colony of bees in the State
of Indiana one cent for each colony owned,
which levy shall be placed on the tax dupli-
cate of the respective counties by the county
auditors at the time of the levy of other taxes
each year. The amount so collected shall
constitute a special State fund, to be disposed
of in the payment of the salary and actual ex-
penses of the Inspector.

Sec. 5. — The Inspector shall make at the
close of each calendar year a report to the
Governor, stating the number of apiaries
visited, the number of those diseased and
treated, the number of colonies of bees de-
stroyed, and of the expense incurred in the
employment of his duties. Said Inspector
shall receive three dollars for each day
actually and necessarily spent in the perform-
ance of his duties, and be reimbursed for
money expended by him in defraying ex-
penses: Provided, That the total expendi-
ture for such purpose shall not exceed the
amount secured by the special assessment as
defined in Sec. 4.

r^" I believe that the American Bee Jour-
nal is one of the best papers that I have ever
read.— G. S. Lightner, Cedar Co., Iowa.

To Bee-Keepers of Indiana :— Mr.

Walter 8. Ponder, of Indianapolis, bas sent us
a copy of House Bill No. 637, recently intro-
duced in the Indiana Legislature. Bee-keep-
ers of that State are urged to write to their
State Representatives and Senators asking
them to vote tor the Bill when it comes be-
fore them. It is as follows:

Se it enacted by the Oerieral Assembly of the
State of TiulUifia :

Section 1. — Upon the recommendation of
the officers of the Indiana State Bee-Keepers'
Association the Governor may appoint for a
term of 2 years a State Inspector of Apiaries.
Such Inspector shall, when notified of exis-
tence of a disease known as foul brood among
apiaries, examine all such as are reported,
and all others in the same localiiy, and ascer-
tain whether or not such disease exists, and,
if satisfied of its existence, shall give the
owner or person who has care of such apiaries
full instructions as to manner of treating
them.

Sec. 2.— Within a reasonable time after

Luther A- Hammond, an esteemed resi-
dent of Keedysville, Md., and a long-time
reader of this Journal, died of pleura-pneu-
monia the latter part of February, aged a
little over 52 years. He was sick only a week.
For years he was one of the most progressive
farmers and bee-keepers in his district.

Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

B^" This is the first year I have taken the
American Bee Journal. I like it better every
copy I read, and will take it, if possible, as
long as I keep bees. — A. K. Whidden, of
Prince Edward Island.

Mar. 7, 1907

I^American Bac Journal j(|

Feeding Sugar to Starving
Bees

UY C. C. CKKINER.

As I expected and feared, llie open
and comparatively warm weather of
last winter (1905-6) induced and com-
pelled bees to use larger quantities of
their winter stores than they usually do
during steady and colder winter weather.
Tlie fall flow from our late honey-
sources, such as goldenrod, asters, sweet
clover, etc.^ had not been over-abundant,
so that bees had only enough supplies
to bridge them over to the early spring
flows, if the winter had been one of the
usual kind. But under the circum-
stances, I awaited with fear and tremb-
ling, the warm days of the coming
spring, that I might find out the condi-
tions of my bees and lend a helping hand
where necessary, .^t last the month of
May arrived, and indications were
favorable that the warm season had
opened to remain so.

All my bees were packed in chaflf on
the summer stand, making it somewhat
unhandy to examine them in a satis-
factory way. I therefore stripped them
of their winter protection as soon as
the settled weather made it safe to do
so, which, in this case, was a little ear-
lier than I would have done if possible
shortage of supplies had not caused me
a great deal of uneasiness.

On May 3, being a warm, idea! spring
day, the bees were busily engaged bring-
ing in pollen and honey from early fruit-
blossoms, and as I had nothing to fear
from robbing or chilling brood, I made
a thorough examination of all colonies.
The result was a shocking discovery.
About one-third of them had plenty of
honey so that many could spare in case
of an emergency, one or 2 frames, but
the rest were practically in a starving
condition, not a few so completely des-
titute of stores that literally not a cell
of honey could be seen; all their combs
not occupied by brood were as dry as
extracting or bait-combs, after they are
cleaned out by the bees. But. strange
as it may seem, with the exception of
a very few, all were strong in bees and
had plenty of brood.

To judge from this state of affair, I
knew, to prevent a calamity, something
had to be done before the rising of an-
other sun, and the only question was
how that "something" could be managed
to the best advantage. I had no honey
in brood or extracting combs ; all I
had reserved from my extracting combs
the previous summer for this purpose
I had to use the previous fall in feed-
ing up for winter on account of the
unexpected light fall flow, which was so

contrary to my experience of former

years.

In Gleanings the editor says: "We
have come to the conclusion that we
can rear our own bees with sugar-
syrup far cheaper than we can buy
them." The principle of this assertion
I followed to the letter, and I did it
in the following way:

In thinking the matter over, I felt anx-
ious to observe these points : To feed
all colonies at once (practically) and
do it with the least work; to give the
least inducement to start robbing; to
disturb the colonies as little as possible
by opening the hives ; and last, but not
least, not only to save their lives, but
to induce them to start anew and con-
tinue brood-rearing, which under the
prevailing conditions, I feared they had
given up. To hit all these "flies" with
one blow seemed quite a puzzle to me
at first, but I succeeded beyond all my
expectations, as the result plainly proved.

Of course, I had to resort to sugar-
feeding. I manufactured syrup in lots
of 20 pounds at a time, using 10 pounds
of each (sugar and water), and stirring
the same without boiling, but slightly
warmed, until all the sugar was dis-
solved. The feeding process was a
simple affair. At night, just before
dark, I went along the rows of bees,
raised the front of their hives one af-
ter another to a position of about 45
degrees, turned a soup-ladle nearly full
of the prepared syrup into the entrance,
and lowered the hive to its proper place.
The whole operation was so easily and
so quickly done that it complied with
nearly all the above requirements.

As an explanation, I will say that all
my hives stand level (by test of spirit-
level) except a slight pitch toward the
front of about one-half inch. To make
the above process of feeding practical,
every hive had to be pitched at least
that much the other way. But tliat was
an easy matter. A little block under
the front end of the stand accomplished
that, and in many cases, raising the hive
on the projecting notch of the alight-
ing-board was all that was necessary.

To test the action of the syrup when
being turned in. and make sure that no
drowning of bees could take place, 1
tried the experiment with an empty hive
before I undertook the real business.
The syrup would run back in a narrow
stream, strike against the back of the
hive and spread sidewise, filling the
corner, formed by the bottom and bot-
tom-rim, with quite a body of the liquor
clear across the width of the hive.
When the hive was lowered to its level,
the syrup would flow forward and form
a thin sheet covering one-half or more
of the entire hive-bottom. Being satis-

fied that the danger of drowning was
reduced to a minimum, I proceeded with

the operation.

The following morning I could not re-
sist the temptation to find out how the
bees had accepted their ration. I ex-
amined a number of the stronger colo-
nies, and a few of the weaker ones, by
unhooking the bottom-boards and rais-
ing the front of the hives high enough
to give a fair view of the bottom. All
the former had everything cleaned up;
the bottom was perfectly dry, not a
sign of the syrup fed the night before
could be detected. Although some of
the weaker ones had some of their feed
left on the bottom, the result of my first
night's feeding was so gratifying that I
kept it up regularly every night for near-
ly 2 weeks.

On May 15, bees began to refuse their
offered feed, and I could plainly see that
another source of sweets drew their at-
tention. The apple-trees had been in
bloom for several days and bees were
getting quite numerous among the blos-
soms. In the hives a change was taking
place ; the white coating of the combs,
the well-known and pleasing indications
of a hone}-flow, and the appearance of
new honey were getting quite conspicu-
ous in all the better colonies. These
conditions grew more prominent from
one day to another, and before I had
hardly time to realize what was going
on, every comb in many hives was
crowded to the last cell with honey;
even cells among hatching brood were
glistening with their contents. The few
surplus cases, both for section and ex-
tracted honey, which I had put on when
new honey made its first appearance,
were full of bees rushing their work at
a rate that I never experienced before
during fruit-bloom.

.^s may be imagined, I was rushing
things also to get my surplus cases in
place, not knowing that a sad disap-
pointment was in store for me. The
climax had already been reached, and
the drop was as sudden and discourag-
ing as the beginning had been promis-
ing. A cold rain set in on the l8th,
and continued more or less all through
the remaining apple-bloom, with the re-
sult that no more honey was gathered
until the latter part of June.

Stimulating feeding in the spring to
induce brood-rearing is one of the many
subjects on which the opinions of our
ablest writers are greatly at variance.
One sees his only salvation in its prac-
tice, while another says it does more
harm than good. One reason why the
views of our experts run in such op-
posite directions, is simply because it is
a very difiicult matter to produce posi-
tive proof either for or against it. It
is very much the same in the case above
stated. To estimate the beneficial re-
sults of my 2 weeks' sugar feeding, or
the consequence of it had been omitted,
is merely a matter of conjecture. How-
ever, there are a few facts connected
with it from which we can draw a fair-
ly correct conclusion :

1. On May 3, bees w-ere in a starving
condition.

2. On account of occasional unfav-
orable weather at that time, which pre-
vented the bees from flying for days at

188

Mar.

a time, honey was coming in too slowly
to keep bees and brood from starving.

3. No colonies were lost from starva-
tion.

4. Bees were seemingly in excellent
condition to take advantage of the phe-
nomenal honey-flow, lasting from May
15th to i8th, if the amount of honey
stored during those few days justifies
that assumption.

Since writing the foregoing, Mr.
Latham's rejoinder appeared on page
1015 (1906) of the American Bee Jour-
nal. Although the opportunity is very
tempting to make a detailed reply, I
have no desire to do so, for the reason
that these long-drawn-out controversies
are interesting only to the persons di-
rectly connected with them, but not to
the general reader. We all know that
whoever has the last "say," has all the
advantage over his opponent, and it is
customary and courteous to give the
weak side the benefit of the same. I
am willing to let it go so in this case.

I wish to thank Mr. Latham for the
kind spirit he exhibited in dealing with
me. I gladly agree with him on some
points brought out in his rejoinder, but
on manv others — I don't.

LaSalle, N. Y.

Bees Building Round Cells—
Wax-Secretion, Etc.

BV R. C. AIKIN.

On page 1051 (1906) Mr. Hasty ex-
presses doubt that bees ever try to build
round cells. He also hints that bees
have much more wisdom than some of
us are willing to credit them with.
Again, page 95 (1907) he refers to the
matter and comes down a little, but
only so far as to confess that in the
case of queen-cells the mouths of them
are round.

Well, Mr. H., you would better hast-
en to come clear down on the question
of round cells, for the fact is, every
cell bees build is first round until they
cannot longer maintain the circular form.
You. get your old pipe and some soapy
water and start to blow bubbles. You
can make one round to start with ; the
second when it joins its mate dent.i or
flattens a strip of one side. The third
joins the first and second and makes two
more straight lines where they join; this
is then kept up until the 7th bubble is
made, which forms a complete circle
around the first, and if you keep on add-
ing they just keep on forming 6 around
1, and every one of them, barring the
outside ones, has become 6-sided.

The bee begins by plastering a bit
of wax to the starting-point wherever
she means to build a comb; this is
lengthened into a sort of ridge, and
other little ridges started from this to
the sides, all the while wax being added
at the starting point on top of the ridge.
As the work goes on the various little
ridges are formed into circular walls
enclosing space after space, but the
mouth of every little embryo cell is
round, with thickened walls of the crude
wax. As the cell begins to rise from
the tiny ridge, the bee begins to shave
of? the surplus wa.x from these thick
walls, and in so doing they straighten

American IBee Journal

the partition walls, and they become the
6-sided form, very much as do the soap-
bubbles. Just take a look at the comb
that is being builded and you will see
that the rudiment of the cell, that is, the
mouth of every cell where the fresh
wax is plastered on. is round; you can
see this in almost any comb you may
pick up at any time, but it shows to
best advantage where the bees have just
been building, and never finished the
comb.

Again, sometimes we find a row of
cells built in between two bars where
there was just space enough for the
one row ; there they build circular cells,
or very irregular ones. The hexagon
cell is not so because of any great wis-
dom on the part of the bee; if she were
wise she might build square cells where
but one row can be put in, but she does
not. There is no other form so easy to
build as the he.xagon, when considering
the question of blocking one form
against another ; here Nature helps the
bee out. She could build square cells
and block them together in solid masses,
but the greater length of side wall would
be much harder to make and keep
straight, and there would be so much
waste space in each of the 4 corners of
each cell, when the question of brood-
rearing was considered.

Neither would the square cells have
so great strength, and would almost of
necessity have to have flat bottoms,
thus entailing another loss of space, and
a thing impossible for the bee to build.
Given flat-bottomed foundation, and
they either change its form or put ex-
tra wax into the corners in their endeav-
ors to reach the sharp angle.

No, no, Mr. H., every cell is started
in circular form, but as the next or ad-
joining cells are worked up to it the
bee is practically compelled to flatten
the rib or wall between, though she
might want ever so much to round it.
The only way to roimd them is to fill
the corners with extra wax. Even with
the hexagon form there is some extra
wax in the corners, as obtuse as they
are.

Many people still cling to the old
tradition about the wisdom of the bee;
they are thought to know when the
master dies, or foretell events; which
flower to visit and which not; just when
to do this or that, and when not; yet
wise or not, she constantly blunders, and
when she gets on the inside of a window
cannot exercise the wisdom of a com-
mon house-fly. The bee is governed in
no sense by reason or the exercise of
wisdom, but in all things is the creature
of instinct and of environment. The
master, once understanding all condi-
tions, can just as surely tell you what
they will do under this or that, if he
thoroughly understands bee-nature, as
the mathematician can tell the result in
figures when you state to him the fac-
tors.

We talk of location ("locality"),
what do we mean? Localities differ,
seasons are not alike, colony conditions
do not come in the same relation to
weather, hive, management, flora, tem-
perature, etc. ; and so there is to be
found a regular kaleidoscope because of
the ever-changing relation of factors

that influence. If writers could give us
an intelligent statement of factors and
their relation in their particular cases
or localities, thousands of things that
seem mysterious could readily be ex-
plained. Of course, we are not expected
to know everything, and I am not re-
proaching any one for ignorance of
truths ; but I am pleading for common-
sense. Let me illustrate :

There are hives and hives, and the
man who has mastered the science ot
management, which is nothing else than
understanding bee-nature and the rela-
tion of factors, can take any of the
hives and get results, provided the hive
is adaptable to allow the master to
bring his management to bear ; but ig-
norant management with the best hive
ever invented will not bring the desired
results.

We have a swarm of bees. Now it
is the commonest rule that when bees
swarm they go with sacs full, and when
hived they cluster and hang in great
bunches. Having entered the new home,
why do they not get a hustle on them
and begin to get in supplies i* Go to the
stand of a newly-hived swarm that has
at once accepted its new home, and gone
in and quietly clustered, and often they
are so quiet, and so few bees coming
and going, that you will be tempted to
look in to see if they have not abscond-
ed. But you find they have gone in
loaded down with honey, and are tired
from their flight with so heavy a load,
and not a cell that they can unload into.
Hive them on comb, and see how quick-
ly they will go afield, for they can un-
load, and will get to work. Without the
ready-made comb they cluster and wait,
and now comes the

Secretion of Wax.

Many think wax-secretion is a volun-
tary act on the part of the bee, but I
do not. You can feed your cow and
she gives milk. Skimp her in feed and
she gives less of the fluid. The natural-
ly poor milker will not milk well with
any kind of feed or care, no matter
how good, nor will the good milker do
poorly unless you make it hard for her
to do well by allowing or making bad
or unfavorable conditions. Milk is a
secretion of the cow and she never
thinks about whether she will give much
or little, good or bad ; and no more does
the bee use reason and voluntarily se-
crete or refuse to secrete wax. That
swarm with loaded sacs caimot field,
and so hang and rest well-fed. While
resting the wax-secretion starts; with
many of them is was already in full
operation because of the abundance of
nectar handled, and in extra-good flows
the same loaded condition of sacs be-
fore swarming as after ; so the next
thing is comb-building — almost forced
to do it by environments and instinct.

Some have written of strains of bees
that put much or little wax in their
comb, as the case may be, as though
it were a voluntary or intelligent act
on their part. Is it? There may be
strains of bees that by reason of more
vigor, or some cause, incline to free or
scant wax-secretion just as there are
good and poor milk secreters in cows,
whatever caused it in the first place;

Mar. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

but this alone does not account for
heavy waxy, or thin brittle combs. Many
times a colony may have in process ot
secretion nnich wax, and the flow
weaken.s so that there is not the demand
to have comb that would be with much
nectar coming in. Then, again, there
may be an out-of-balancc condition
caused by varying proportion of fielders
to nurses. It is perfectly foolish to
condemn a certain queen or colony be-
cause it has given different results from
its neighbor, without knowing and un-
derstanding its conditions — the relation
of factors. Relation and number of
factors make all the difference, and one
must decide intelligently or he may be-
head the best queen he has, and save the
poorest one.

I have heard of a music teacher who
set his pupil to playing chords, and
kept him at it until he could strike any
possible chord or combination of chords,
instantly the eye caught sight of them
on the staff ; but all the time the teach-
er had strenuously kept the pupil from
attempting io play tunes. The pupil
kept insisting that he be allowed to play
some tunes. At last when the chords
were mastered the teacher said the
pupil might play a tune, but he said he
did not know how, as he had never
played one ; but he was told that tunes
were nothing but combinations of
chords and that he could play any pos-
sible tune that he might find. This
illustrates the bee-business. Once we
master and understand the factors and
their relation to each other, we can do
with the bees just as the music pupiil
— play any tune we wish.

But it is not possible for man to
make all the factors nor dispose of their
arrangement or order; we are hampered
and hedged about as the bee, but we
can make the best of what we can con-
trol and adjust. When some one from
New Vork. or from Colorado, or in the
white clover regions where there is a
June flow, or in some place where the
crop is harvested from fall flowers, or
from any other of the multitude and
variation of localities and conditions,
writes and says thus and so is the way,
try to put yourself into that man's posi-
tion and view-point, and make an intel-
ligent analysis, and the disagreement
of doctors will vanish, and all will be
plain, Many times, when a writer tells
of certain experiences, but overlooks
some prime factor, I am at a loss to
explain his results; but in very many
instances, by reading between the lines,
the whole thing is as clear as day. Our
many differences are because we do
not understand one another, because of
lack of knowledge, and because of the
limitation or incapacity of the human
mind.

Man in his actions, both physical and
mental, is a bundle of habits. We get
into the habit of doing things this way
or that way, and should it so happen
that the various factors were in favor-
able relation, a reasonable or even
splendid success comes to us, and we
are led to think we are "it," and know
just how. I know the reader will pard-
on a personal experience that illustrates
the point :

The first lo to 12 years of my bee-

keeping experience was spent in what
was then a new prairie country in south-
west Iowa. 1 In .)nly sources of nectar
that supplied boili winter stores and sur-
plus were fall flowers; sometimes it was
starvation even in July, but usually
enough spring and summer bloom to
supply present needs with a filling of
brood-combs in August with the main
flow between .Aug. 15, and Sept. 15.
You see how I had all summer to build
up strong colonies; could make early
nuclei, and make of them strong colo-
nies before the surplus flow. This re-
lation of factors caused very little
swarming at the usual time, or June and
July, and when the surplus season did
come it was fall, and the bees seemed

little inclined to swarm so late, no mat-
ter how strong.

All these years it was no trouble at
all to control swarming. In white
clover districts the brethren were writ-
ing and complaining of swarming, and
the awful times they told about was a
puzzle to me. At last I decided I would
write some, too, and tell of my non-
swarming strain of bees, and seriously
thought of going into the business of
selling such queens. Fortunately, be-
fore I got around to it white clover.
was plentiful, with May and June sur-
plus; my bees of years of non-swarm-
ing went crazy, and I imbibed a little
more sense. See?

Loveland, Colo.

iSPIf/vML

onvention
Proceedings

Convention of Bee- Keepers'
Associations at Brantford

REPORTBD BY J. L. BYER.

(Continued from page 171.)

Tuesday Afternoon Session.

"What is the best hive — the 8 or 12
frame Langstroth ?"

The majority of the members favored
a hive larger than the 8-frame Langs-
troth.

"Why do bees outside need a flight,
while those in the cellar do not?"

Mr. Trinder stated that he wintered
his bees outside, packed them very
warinly, and they never offered to fly,
even if his neighbors' bees were flying
freely.

"What is the use of putting honey in
60-pound tins, when they are not to be
the final packages?"

Mr. Holtermann — Under certain con-
ditions, they are of considerable advan-
tage. There is no time to put into small
packages in the busy season.

Mr. Shaver would not wash 60-pound
tins that are to be carried over, but
Messrs. Holtermann, Armstrong, Byer,
and others would, for fear the honey
left in would deteriorate and cause the
tins to rust.

Building Up Colonies for the Honey-
Flow.

Mr. House now gave his address on
the subject of "Building up Colonies for
the Honey-Flow." He stated that every
structure must hive a foundation. The
foundation of a crop of honey was a
good, prolific queen. In this, with him,
the Italians were a failure; his choice
being a cross of Carniolans and Italians.
Abundance of good stores, and protec-
tion outdoors or in a repository were
also essentials. In spring a thorough

examination was made of each colony.
Enough stores should be present, but
not too much, and he wanted a good
telescoping cover packed with some
non-conducting material on each hive.
In about 2 weeks most of the colonies
should have all the brood the clusters
can cover. Normal respiration of the
bee is 3 or 4 times a minute; under ab-
normal conditions, as high as 124. The
greater the respiration, the greater the
activity and the higher the temperature.
Honey coming into the hive will bring
about all these factors. Hence the thing
necessary to increase brood-rearing is
"stimulative feeding." A small feeder
is used, and the stimulating is done in
the evening. Thus the temperature is
kept up through the cool night to where
it was during the day. If stimulative
feeding were started, it was very neces-
sary to keep it up till the honey-flow.
To feed a while and stop, was positively
harmful, as a great lot of brood was
started, and if feeding were stopped,
a large amount of this brood would
starve or chill to death.

Notwithstanding all the speaker had
said, he was glad to know that by a
proper selection of the Carni-Italians,
queens could be had that would rush
brood-rearing in the spring to such an
extent that feeding could be dispensed
with. He used a sectional brood-cham-
ber, 2 cases 14 %x 18x6 inches, to each
colony for winter. By fruit-bloom to
each colony should be added a third
case of 10 Langstroth frames of brood,
and at this time he adds a third case to
give additional room.

At the opening of the clover flow he
treats every colony by taking away the
2 sections of brood, and substituting a
case of new combs on which the old
queen is left with most of the bees.
The brood-chamber taken away can be
used as increase, or piled up indefi-
nitely and run for e.xtracted honey. The

190

American ^cc Journal

Mar. 7, 1907

bees on the old stand are run for comb
honey. Supers are added as n-eeded, al-
ways at the top ; never more than 4 are
left on the hive at once. At the close
of the white honey-flow, these colonies
all having old queens, are doubled up
simply by putting one brood-chamber
on top of the other. As these colonies
are all to be re-queened during the
buckwheat f^ow, no attention is paid to
looking for queens at this time, and
they are left to fight it out.

Mr. House considers it of great im-
portance to have )ii."i' combs under the
sections in order to produce a fancy
article. In fact, he would "throw the
old combs into the ditch" rather than
use them.

Mr. Chrysler— With me, if I restrict
the bees to as small a brood-chamber
as Mr. House does, the bees will swarm
in about 3 weeks.

Mr. Byer — Is there not a danger of
those brood-combs giving an inferior
quality of extracted honey?

Mr.' House— Yes, there is that danger
to guard against, but I am more con-
cerned about the comb honey.

Mr. House stated in regard to stimu-
tive feeding, that where it was prac-
ticable, outdoor feeding of honey in
small quantities every day was advisable,
and mentioned a Dr. Park who had
practised this system with immense suc-
cess.

Mr. Holtermann said he never be-
fore fully understood why stimulative
feeding stopped suddenly was so harm-
ful. He would caution against feeding
honev from danger of foul brood.

Mr. Miller also thought that it was
unwise to take the risk.

Mr. Root said he had visited Mr.
House and found the quality of his
honey away above the ordinary. He
asked for a show of hands of those
who used divisible brood-chambers.
Three held up their hands.

Mr. Hershiser was positive that old
brood-combs, even in the first extract-
ing, produced as white honey as would
new combs.

Mr. Holtermann and a number of
others disagreed emphatically with Mr.
Hershiser, an-d the Chairman, asking
for a show of hands on the question,
found 20 to 2 in favor of new combs.
Mr. Hershiser asked Mr. Root to con-
duct experiments along this line and
show the people that the 2 were right

Size of Zinc Perforations.

"Are the perforations in this sample
of excluding zinc too small?"

Mr. Root said he was glad this mat-
ter was brought up: the sample sub-
mitted was the Standard Root zinc
.162 to .163 of an inch perforations.

On the advice of Capt. Hetherington
and some others, they had made the
perforations as thev are now, instead of
.168 to .1-0 as they were formerly.
Lately some evidence had come in that
had made him think that possibly the
holes were too small. It was no trifling
matter to his companj', as the dies cost
over $1,000 per set. Carniolans were
slightly larger than Italians and the
trouble reported was more with the
former race of bees. They wanted the
truth about the matter, no matter what

it cost. If the zinc was not right it
would be remedied.

Mr. Holtermann and a number of
others thought the zinc as at present
made is all right.

Mr. Hershiser said he believed it
would be advisable to increase the per-
forations slightly.

Mr. Chrysler had sold a larrge quan-
tity of old-style zinc without a single
complaint, but a lot of the new-style
zinc (Root) had been returned to him,
the bee-keepers claiming that the bees
could not get through them.

Mr. House had 300 or 400 Root-zinc-
excluders and had no trouble. But with
100 old-style, too many queens got
through.

Mr. Miller would not like to see any
change made. Attention was called to
the fact that it was necessary always to
put the rough or burr side of the metal
up so that the loaded bees came against
the metal on its smooth side.

Mr. Root said it was very difiicult
to punch steel metal without leaving a
slight burr on one side. The burr was so
slight that no harm was done if the
zinc were put on right, as had been
mentioned.

Rendering Old Combs.

"What is the best method of getting
wax out of the old combs?"

Mr. Coggshall— .^n important ques-
tion. Pulverize the combs thoroughly
and wet them. Then use a press, the
more powerful the better. From 20 bar-
rels of slumgum saved up the past 18
months, from which he thought he had
got most of the wax, with his kettle
and sack process, he had recently ex-
tracted 700 pounds of good wax with a
Hershiser press. .'MI agreed that in the
past thousands of pounds of wax had
been wasted. Slumgum from solar ex-
tractors invariably contained from 30 to
35 percent of wax, and from other
sources large varying amounts.

Mr. Craig read a letter from Mr.
France, relative to the Ontario bee-
keepers joining the National Associa-
tion. It was moved by R. F. Holter-
mann and seconded by F. J. Miller that
we as a convention, represent to the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association the
advisability of our members joining the
National in a body. Carried.

WEDNESDAY EVENING
SESSION.

Feeding Honey-Dew fN Spring.

"Will it be harmful to use honey-
dew for stimulating bees next spring?"

Members differed in opinion. Some
intended to try it, while others would
not take the risk.

Mr. House had used it once with dis-
astrous results.

Mr. Root thought some honey-dew
would be all right, while other grades
were unfit for any purpose.

K Member— How can we know when
honev-dew is being gathered?

Mr. Shaver— Bv color, objectionable
flavor, and by tracing the bees in their
working,

Reliquefying Buckwheat Honey,

"Can buckwheat honey be liquefied
without injuring the flavor?"

Mr. Holtermann— Yes, but it requires
to be done carefully.

.At this time Mr. Laing asked leave
to present the following resolution:

Resolved, That the Secretary of this
.Association be instructed to request the
officers of the National Association to
hold their next annual meeting in the
city of Detroit, where we believe a great
many of the Canadian bee-keepers will
attend." Carried unanimously.

Mr. House was asked to explain the
general principles of the Betsinger sepa-
rators. He commented on recent arti-
cles criticizing this separator adversely,
and said he felt that if Mr. Root had
looked into the matter closely he would
have found some cause for the trouble
reported by Messrs. Burt and Dibbern.
Personally, he had used thousands of
them and never had the bees build
comb fast to the separators. Some of
their advantages over other separators
were free communication for the bees
and equalization of heat through the
super. The surface of the sections was
always smooth and not ridgj-, as was
the case when using fence-separators.
While the initial cost of them was high-
er than other kinds, yet he would use
them if they cost double.

Mr. House also exhibited a sample of
the Betsinger Carton, and said that
honey in this carton always brought 2
cents per pound more than the market
price. Speaking of the care of comb
honey, Mr. House said that if honey
were "weeping," if the temperature of
the room were raised to 100 or no
degrees and kept there for 3 days, the
honey could be redeemed.

Mr. Root— This is a valuable item
and worth coming to the convention for.
He wished to sav that he had seen some
wonderful results from the use of the
Betsinger separator, and was at a loss
to understand such a difference as re-
ported by Messrs, Burt and Dibbern.

A number of samples of honey— good,
bad, and indifferent— had been collect-
ed. Grocers of the city were invited to
be present, and Mr. Smith was asked
to explain the difference in samples,
pointing out defects, etc. About 30 sam-
ples were on exhibition varying from
No. I clover honey to the vilest of
honey-dew. A sample of unusual inter-
est was 2 sections of fancy honey in
perfect con-dition, in a case; produced
by James Armstrong in 1896. Mr, Root
and others said they had never seen
anything like it before, .\nother sam-
ple' of extracted was from Vancouver,
B, C. It was also 10 years old and in
fair condition, a peculiar thing about it
being that the levulose and dextrose
had separated— half of the sample li-
quid and other half granulated.

Regarding grain and flavor of granu-
lated extracted honey, Mr, Coggshall
and others said that stirring honey just
as it is about to granulate will im-
prove texture and flavor, and also
change color somewhat, .About 45 min-
utes 'vvas spent in an informal manner,
discussing the various samples; after
which the convention adjourned to meet
in the morning.

CContiii led next week.)

Mar. 7, 1907

■«»>^gl^ <(

America ^ea Journal

191

Bee-Cellar Heated With an Elec-
tric Heater

Conducted by J. L. Bykr, Markham, Ont.

Second-Hand Tin Honey-Cans

" I am done with them," quoth W. Z.
Hutchinson in the January Review,
speaking of the use of second-hand tin
cans for honey. I suspect a good
many other bee-keepers have come to
the same conclusion ; certainly the
writer of this has had all the experi-
ence he wants with the article.

To be sure, second-hand tins accu-
mulate on the dealer's hands, and it
seems too bad to discourage the sale of
them, viewing the matter from that
standpoint. But as far as the bee-
keeper is concerned, I feel sure that
secondhand tins are dear at almost
any price, especially if the white table
honeys are to be stored therein.

The second-hand tins I have bought
have been, as a rule, unsatisfactory in
many ways. Quite a large percentage
have leaked, more or less would be bat-
tered and rusty either inside or out, or
both, and all were invariably niussy.
A greater objection is the danger of
foul brood, if the cans are received in
warm weather. Some time ago I
bought some secondhand tins to put
buckwheat honey in, and when they
came to hand I found the shipping tags
of the man who had sold the dealer his
clover honey still attached to the tins.
As I happened to know that this bee-
keeper's apiary was rotten with foul
brood, needless to say those cans were
" out of sight " in short order. It is
only fair to add that the dealer from
whom I bought the tins was perfectly
honest, and never suspected anything
wrong.

Use of Bee-Smoker and Bee-Veil

While the discussion was on relative
to smokers at the Ontario convention
last November, Mr. Brunne claimed
that he did not use a smoker during
the honey season in managing 110 col-
onies of bees. I am not going to con-
tradict Mr. Brunne, but I want to say
that there must be some personal mag-
netism about him, or else his bees are
entirely different from any it has been
my pleasure to come in contact with.

But granted that it is possible to do
without a smoker, will any sensible
bee-keeper contend that that fact would
make it advisable to do so ? The most
of us don't keep bees for the purpose
of seeing if we can manage them with-
out a veil or smoker ; on the contrary,
the veil and smoker are used in just
the proportion that their use will help

us to work rapidly, with the least in-
jury to the bees.

During queen-clipping I never use a
veil, for the reason that bees are not
nearly so cross as later in the season ;
and, ayain, it is much pleasanter to
work without a veil, when the work
consists principally in using the eyes.
Later on, in the extracting season in
particular, I want a veil, every time;
not that I dread the stings so much,
but more so as a time-saver, for no
matter how quiet a strain of bees, there
are sure to be in a large yard some
cranks flying around the operator's
eyes. While it is quite possible to do
without a veil even at such times, the
practise of some good bee-keepers
proves this. Say, wouldn't there be fun
in the majority of cases if the opera-
tors tried to take off the honey from
100 colonies without the use of a
smoker'^

Mr. !■:. G. Hand, of Fenelon Falls,
Ont., winter.s his bees in a cave or cel-
lar made by remodelling an old lime-
kiln. While he has had fair results in
wintering in this cellar, yet the tem-
perature was generally a little too low
in severe weather, and the walls were
inclined to be quite damp.

While spending a day with me last
September, Mr. Hand intimated that
he intended to try to remedy these ad-
verse conditions this winter by install-
ing a small electric heater in the cellar.
Just a few days ago a friend living
near Mr. Hand wrote me that the
heater was a success, and said that he
had just come from visiting the cellar
on the coldest day we have had this
winter, and found the thermometer
standing at 47 degrees.

I might say that Mr. Hand is only a
short distance from where the electrical
energy is developed, and I understand
the cost is quite low; but doubtless
with the spread over the country of
electric power, many might avail them-
selves of a like convenience, even if
they should be a considerable distance
from where the current is generated.

I hope in the near future to be able
to give the readers of " Canadian Bee-
dom " a full description as to how the
heater is arranged, and also give re-
sults of wintering as compared with
other winters when the cellar was un-
heated.

touthern

smj.'ti'.i^'m

■■gse:>saaBr;'.'

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Does the Elm Yield Honey?—
Other Subjects

So you think the elm. a honey-pro-
ducer as well as a great pollen-pro-
ducer, do you Mr. SchoU ? I think if
you will investigate more closely you
will find the bees were at work on the
leaves of the elms, gathering this dark
honey you mention in a recent issue of
the American Bee Journal ; that it was
" honey-dew " the bees got from the
leaves, and not real honey from the
bloom. I never could decide that bees
got anything but pollen from the elm-
blooms. I am open, however, to con-
viction, and would rather know you
were right than myself.

FEEDING COMBS OF SYRUP

The way I've been feeding my bees
this winter is this : I go over the api-
ary through tVie middle of the day
while it is warm, lift the hives so as to
tell which are the light ones, and mark
those that I think need feeding. I then

light the smoker, open the hives, and
take out the empty combs right up to
the cluster of bees. I make an esti-
mate as to how many combs of sugar
syrup each colony will need. Then I
fill the combs with warm syrup by
using a quart dipper with holes punched
in the bottom from the inside. The
combs are now filled by holding them
over a common wash-tub with the
syrup dipped up and allowed to stream
through the holes in the dipper so as to
fill the empty cells in the combs. When
one side is filled reverse and fill the
other.

As fast as they are filled hang the
combs in empty hive-bodies. The hive-
bodies should be above the ground on
a bottom-board, and a vessel put under
to catch the drip. As fast as the combs
are filled stack up the bodies until you
have all the combs filled you wish to
use. Then about the time the bees
stop flying for the day, hang the combs
of syrup right up to the cluster of bees,
putting in the number you wish each

Mar. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

colony to have. In this way there will
be little or no excitement among the
bees, and we have the feed right where
it is wanted.

COTTON-SEED MEAI, AS POLLEN

A novice in bee-culture, here in the
South, who said he was a reader of the
American Bee Journal, wishes me to
answer the following questions for
him :

1. I notice my bees at work very busily
where cotton-seed meal is being fed to stock,
collecting it and packing it on their legs like
pollen. For what purpose are the bees col-
lecting this naeal*

2. Will this meal in any way harm the bees?

3. What effect will this unusually warm
winter have on the bees i Will it be detrimen-
tal or otherwise to them?

To the first question I will say that
the bees are gathering the cotton-seed
meal for the same purpose that they
use natural pollen. We have often
seen bees collecting cotton-seed meal
and using it for pollen, and they will
start brood-rearing the same as with
natural pollen.

2. No, the meal will not harm the
bees except in one way— it will cause
them to start brood-rearing in winter,
and cause the bees to use an unusual
amount of stores. If you don't look
sharply they will starve before spring.

3. The effect it will have on the bees
is given in the answer to the second
question— that is, brood-rearing out of
season and a large consumption of
stores, with the result that many of us
will be compelled to feed. So we con-
sider the warm winter detrimental
rather than otherwise to bees in the
South. L. B. Smith.

Rescue, Tex.

Perhaps I am wrong in my conclu-
sions that the bees get the honey from
the blooms of the elm, but I know the
honey comes from the elms all right.
We will watch again when they bloom.

Poor Queens Often Cause Win-
ter Losses

Winter losses are not always due to
the shortage of stores as much as to
poor queens. In many cases a colony is
short of stores because the queen has
been a poor one and the bees did not
store enough for the winter. In other
cases, the poor or failing queen is lost
during the winter months, and this re-
sults in winter loss.

Canadian or Southern Weather?

Summer weather still continues, and
85 degrees, Fahr., in the shade has be-
come quite common. To read of the
15-degrees-below-zero weather men-
tioned by Mr. Byer, on page 113, makes
a person shudder even if he is in a
" hot " climate. The lowest we have
experienced here was 28 degrees — not
below but above zero — and of such
short duration was this cold spell that
the "roses, violets, and carnations"
bloomed on just the same, besides
many other tlowers that have joined
them since those lines on page 70 were
written.

Speaking from experience, having

wintered both in the North and the
South, I prefer Southern weather, and
" I am free to confess that bees in the
air and 80 degrees Fahr. is pretty allur-
ing," indeed, when one must be
" cooped up " with cold, snow and ice
outside, while here I have been out
among the bees in shirt-waists making
the spring examinations, and counting
the frames of brood. It is true the
effect of such mild winters becomes
noticeable in the spring, as an in-
creased consumption of stores often
leaves colonies short. Fortunately,

very few of my colonies will need feed-
ing, especially since a mild spring
means early bloom for them. Hence,
it will be seen that what has seemed to
be a loss in such mild winters is made
up in the spring, unless it is in locali-
ties where the bees have no access to
early spring blooming plants of some
kind.

■ The weekly visits of the American
Bee Journal are always anxiously looked for.
W. S. Williams, of Pennsylvania.

ur

ee-Keepin

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A New Year's Wish to Each Sister

" ' God keep thee,' friend, through all the

years.
Through all the joys, the sorrows, tears
Of life — its commonplaces, too —
God keep thee sweet, and brave, and true.

" Amid the doubts and fears that rise
In every life — the mysteries —
Things that are hard to understand,
The moyings of a mystic hand ;
God keep thy reason sound and sure.
Thy mind alert, thy heart still pure.

" God keep thee always— this I pray
For thee, upon this New Year's day.'

Frances E. Wheeler.

Miss Frances E. Wheeler, the mis-
tress of Clovernook Duck Ranch, in
New York State, amid her many liter-
ary cares, as well as the cares of her
numerous feathered family, has found
time to send the above greeting to each
of the sisters. It was a little late in
coming, and has been delayed a little
more since coming, but it is so beauti-
ful in sentiment that, like many other
things, it will keep sweet and fresh in-
definitely, and is just as appropriate
now as earlier in the year.

Buying and Selling Money Between
Bee-Keepers

There was lately a very readable
article on "Successful Honey Market-
ing," in the Bee-Keepers' Review. I
can endorse much of it from actual ex-
perience. It did not, however, touch
on the caption above. There is more
or less buying of honey between bee-
keepers, and some thoughts on the
ethics of the thing have been forced
on me lately.

I take it that to the novice no honey
is as good as his own, but as the years
go by, and the novelty of being a
honey-producer wears off, he is willing
to listen more to the praises " the other
fellow " showers upon his, and when he

reads of "truly delicious honey — a
honey with a flavor all its own — a
flavor that smacks of the wild rasp-
berry of the forests ;" or when a Cali-
fornia brother " blows " about his or-
ange-blossom honey, or says, " I could
fairly taste the magnolia in it ;" his
mouth waters for "something better
than he has known." He is now inter-
ested. He is willing to try. In fish-
ing parlance, " the fish sees the bait ;"
but as every fisherman knows, to bait
a fish, even to hook him, is not always
to land him. To show what I mean, I
will relate a little transaction :

A (master of language) offers honey
for sale ; free sample. B writes for it.
He receives a postal card which says,

"The honey is all sold. I still

have some very fine buckwheat, thick,
ripe, and rich, that I can sell at 6 cents.
If you can use any of this, I would be
glad of an order. I can send a sample
if you would care for it."

B feels annoyed, as he says to him-
self, "Why should he send me a /o.?/-
card that shows me as trying to buy
honey, and containing an offer of
honey ? No doubt it is a good way to
advertise, but offers of honey sent into
another's territory might well be con-
fidential. I wanted his honey, if at
all, for my own use. From this postal
it might easily be inferred that I
wanted it for my trade, and some, at
least, of my customers would object to
that. They want home-produced honey.

However, B decides to overlook the
postal annoyance as a trifling indis-
cretion, and says to himself: "I have
never tasted buckwheat honey to know
it as such. I might like it. I may as
well sample it, and if I like it I will
buy-a can." So without losing time
he asks that a sample be sent him as
offered.

Fully 2 weeks after there comes a
second postal from A, saying, " I am
about closing a deal that will take all
the honey I have. Sorry to disappoint

Mar. 7, 1907

Amc>rican ^ae Journal

you. Hope I will have more honey
next year than I had this."

If B was annoyed at the first postal,
his annoyance is greater at the second,
and he says in mental reply to it, " Big
crop or little crop, you don't bait me
again." Nor is it soothing to his feel-
ings when a bee-paper comes to hand
3 weeks later and he finds that same
honey, " ripe, rich, and thick," is still
being oflFered in undiminished quan-
tity :

Bee-keepers, courtesy and honest
treatment pay. If you don't want to
send samples of honey don't offer to do
so. If you do offer, send along promptly
even if you are about to make a deal.
It may count for a sale another time.
And at least it should be worth more
than the sample to you to know that
your prospective customer can not pos-
sibly think that you have trifled with
him. Some people are, as is well-
known, touchy, and while it is un-
doubtedly true that "There ain't no
sense in gittin' riled,"' riled they will
get if you give them half a show.

(Mrs.) a. L. Amos.

Comstock. Nebr.

Mrs. Amos is right ; the Golden Rule
should prevail among beekeepers as
elsewhere. It pays in the long run.
Let us hope that the transgressors she
is aiming at are not to be found among
the sisters.

Cleaning Sections — A Day's Work

A pleasant letter from Dr. Max
Boelte contains the following :

Dear Mi3s Wilson: — I oiler my best
thanks to you for your kind answer about
cleaning sections for market, and appreciate
very much the pleasant and cheerful way of
expressing yourself. Your answer is of
greatest interest to me, yet I am compelled to
come back to the subject as soon as I shall be
able to do so, for even if it is an answer it
still leaves sundry points not exactly clear,
and does not establish clearly what I had
asked. You speak of the work with T-supers,
while we here in California use generally the
section-holder style of supers — 24 mostly,
some also 28 — and my inquiry was to know
about the average work that could be done
with our style of supers, not the T.

De. Max Boelte.

Valley Center, Calif., Jan. 6.

It is much easier to tell just what has
been done right here with what we
have than to tell what may be done by
some one else with some other fixtures,
and under different circumstances.
But I'll do the best I can to give some
kind of an answer, based on actual ex-
perience. Before the adoption of the
T-super we used other supers, mostly
wide frames containing 2 tiers of sec-
tions; that is, each wide frame con-
tained 8 sections, said sections being
the 2 bee-way, i%K4%xlJi. They were,
of course, taken out of the frames be-
fore anything was done at cleaning
them, and if your sections are taken
out of the frames before any part of
them is cleaned, there may be a chance
for comparison. I cleaned thousands
of these sections, but, without definite
memoranda of work actually done, ex-
act figures can not be given. I feel
safe in saying, however, that 1200 to
1500 were cleaned in a day, possibly
more.

It is only fair to remember that with

much experience I became somewhat
expert, and, indeed, I have been ac-
cused of bein^ (|uick-fingered in gen-
eral. Just how much should be dis-
counted for that is not easy to say.
You, Dr. Boelte, can judge as well as I.
Possibly it may not be a very wild
guess to say that the average hand
ought to do three-fourths as much, or
somewhere in the neighborhood of 1000
a day.

But we are talking now about doing
the work when the sections are so cold
that the propolis is brittle. In Cali-
fornia, or anywhere where the propolis
is soft and stringy, it is a very differ-
ent matter. If I were obliged to clean
such sections, I don't believe I could
get through with more than half as
many in a day.

There is another factor in the prob-
lem. Some localities are more gluey
than others. Indeed, in the same
locality some sections have five times

as much propolis as others. I can
imagine sections with so little glue on
them that they might be cleaned in
half the average time. I can also im-
agine sections so gluey that they would
require double time.

You will see. Doctor, that there are
so many ifs in the case that it is hard
to be very definite ; but if there is any
point upon which you have any further
questions, such questions will be cheer-
fully answered to the extent of ability
possessed.

Honey In Infant's Food

At first the child had half milk and
half honey, liquefied with water. Then
4 parts milk, 1 part honey, with a little
water. The child grew strong and
plump, and never had a single pain,
while it slept soundly the whole night
long. — British Bee Journal.

r. /lasty^

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Mbkting of Queen and Drone —
Size of Cells, Etc.

I think Dr. Miller is getting a little
too near the line of discourtesy in
charging me with originality and
novelty in what I wrote about the
meeting of queen and drone. The Irish
Bee Journal has already acquitted me
of novelty ; and I plead that originality
is not what I'm at. I would be happy
to quote the publication, page and date
about these matters, but a very poor
memory forbids me to do so. I have
for many years been accustomed to
give extra attention to whatever I saw
relative to mating, and the whole has
"simmered "in my mind. Naturally
what seemed to me to be the most
illuminative had by far the most pow-
erful effect upon me — while another
cast of mind might be swift to forget
the very things which moved me the
most. There is a decided difference
between invention and deductions from
a lifetime of reading. When I spin
theories out of my own wool, isn't it
the fact. Doctor, that I am pretty free
to say so — as well as pretty free to do
so 7

Now as to excess of drones lacking
food. So far as honey is concerned,
my understanding is that they help
themselves to it whenever it is not
offered to them iu abundance. So, of
course, they are supplied— until the
dread time comes when the workers
decide to make a general onslaught
upon them. But t don't believe honey
alone is sufficient to keep a drone in
best serving trim - do you ? If any one
thinks so, the burden of proof is upon

him. The presumption is very strongly
the other way. Service calls for nitro-
gen, to be supplied by nitrogenous
food ; and honey is nearly destitute of
nitrogen. Don't believe anybody can
be found that will claim that drones
eat pollen, or that they could digest it
if they did eat it. If not this, then the
alternative would seem to be that they
are fed nitrogenous food by the work-
ers— with a bare possibility that the
nitrogen given them when larva: suf-
fices for a lifetime. I'm not ready with
any further proof, but I think that a
few drones in a hive are abundantly
fed, fed with stimulating food other
than honey ; that a larger number are
fed more sparingly ; and that with too
large a drone army the workers stop
feeding them almost entirely.

As to the size of cells built, there are
times and seasons when you could
hardly coax bees to build a drone-cell
anyhow ; and then there are times and
seasons when it seems as if you couldn 't
make them build anything else. I sup-
pose Dr. Miller (and other people as
well) mend combs at leisure times in
the spring, and give them to the bees
when worker-comb is the only word.
Naturally the splicing shows few
drone-cells under those circumstances.
But when the honey-flow is on, and
drone-rearing is the best word — and,
moreover, when they have been several
weeks engaged in a running fight with
you as to whether they shall have a
drone out or not — under those circum-
stances the conditions are very greatly
altered, and one should hardly expect
them to build a single worker-cell if

194

Mar 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

they can do any other way. When I
wrote "desperately difiScult," and,
"the work is disagreeable as well as
long,'' sore memories of long ago were
backing the thing up. I don't like to
get beaten by bees — or bee-keepers,
(you may have suspected that much) ;
and years ago a big lot of colonies com-
pelled me to "throw up the sponge "
and confess that I could not keep
them from getting drones. My final
defeat was largely owing to this scat-
teration of the drone-brood. I tried to
shake the combs gently enough that
there wouldn't such an awful lot of
nectar fly out. The result was that a
good many bees would manage to hang
on when their comrades were shaken
off ; and it seemed to me that these re-
maining bees would consciously hicg
the scattered cells to keep me from see-
ing them — but perhaps that was my
excited imagination. If Dr. Miller ex-
terminates drones without shaking the
bees off, no wonder he doesn't know
anything about scattered cells. Half
a notion to tweak his nose by claiming
that that's just the way he has always
done. And (if my frisky adversary
wants a categorical answer) a few min-
utes ago, in the comb closet, I saw a
solitary drone-cell on the first comb I
came to. And the next time Dr. Miller
says he thinks the moon is made of
green cheese I shall pull on an appre-
hensive face and say, " I should like to
know how Dr. Miller knows this."
Page 47.

Fumigating Combs With Formalde-
hyde.
David J. West reports success at
making foul-broody combs clean with
formaldehyde. The treatment, as he
describes it, is of a very strenuous sort ;
and yet he makes a final confession
that the combs are not always clean.
That would be a sickener to some of us.
Too dire a danger to stand in doubt
about. Page 47.

Bees in the Ends of the Earth.

A missionary who notices bees is
just the right one to post us about the
bees in the ends of the earth. East
Africa, which Saeuberlich reports from,
is, it seems, the home of a small, light-
colored bee whose actions show singu-
lar variation from the behavior of ours.
We hive our swarms, and rarely fuss
with decoy hives. There hived swarms
so seldom stay that decoy hives are
trusted to almost wholly. And the bear,
it seems, is not the only animal whose
appetite for honey is so ravenous that
he will upset hives to get it. Pity they
didn't tell us some name whereby to
call this — honey-woodchuck. Page 48.

Hardly Go Back to 2-Pounds.

No doubt, Mr. Merrill, the 2-pound
section is better theoretically than the
scant-pound section ; but (do you
mind ?) turning the wheels of progress
backward is very near to the impossi-
ble. The moment we poor darkeys
grab the big fly-wheel to reverse it we
get"frowed." Page 48.

What Bees Make

Teacher—" What is it that bees make,
Tommio?"

ToMMiE— " Sore spots, ma'am." — Yonken
Statesman.

kfor Millers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Superseding Queens in Winter

1. Yesterday (Feb. 17) was the warmest day
we have had here this winter, 60 degrees in
the shade for the greatest part of the day. I
took my bees (10 colonies) out of the cellar
for a flight, and found on looking them over
that one colony had a patch of drone-brood
about 3 inches in diameter, partly capped
over on both sides of one comb. I found some
worker-brood in the rest of the hives, but this
one had none. I found the queen but it
looked more like a virgin than a fertile
queen. Will bees supersede their queen in
winter?

2. We expect to move out on to a claim
about 5 miles south of Stratton, Colo., this
spring. How is that part of Colorado for
bees?

3. Do you think it will pay to take the bees
alongl Iowa.

Answers. — 1. In the proper sense of the
word I doubt that a queen is ever superseded
in winter. If a queen is lost, they may try to
replace it almost any time. Your queen is a
drone-layer, and so worthless.

2. I don't know about that particular part,
but Colorado in general is good.

3. If you ship a car, so freight will be little,
it may pay. Even then, if prices at both ends
are nearly alike it will not pay.

Bokhara and Japan Clover

How does Bokhara clover (MeUlotus alba)
and Japan clover {Lcspedesa striata) compare
with sweet clover? Are they related? Are
they of any value to bees?

Pennsylvania.

Answer. — Bokhara is the same as sweet
clover, and so, of course, is valuable. I can't
tell about Japan clover. Who can, and will?

Rearing Queens— Mating, Clipping,
Etc.

1. I have never been able to make a success
of queen-rearing, either from unfavorable
season or bad management. 1 have in mind
to try a plan giren on page ", by F. L. Day,
in which he makes two nuclei from one col-
ony by putting a division-board between them
in the new hive, and leaving it on the old
stand. In taking the queen away, can I give
her to another colony by depriving it of its
queen? Would they accept her at once, or
wait awhile? or how long?

2. He says he has never been able to get
many laying queens in that way, but by in-
closing the queen-cells in West cell-protec-
tors, with spiral cage attached, and then
banging these between the frames of the nu-
clei, he secured fine virgin queens. What is
the West cell-protector? Is not the spiral
cage itself the cell-protector? or is it some-
thing else?

3. When these virgin queens hatch out, will
they not kill each other if not watched and

taken out? and can I introduce them as I
proposed to do with the fertile queens?

4. When these virgin queens come out to
meet the drones, would the swarm be likely
to swarm out with the queens?

5. Do they ever alight, and, if so (with the
bees clustered around the queens), would
they ever return to the hive*

6. I shall want to clip the queen's wing
when she becomes fertile. When should this
be done?

7. What is your opinion of this plan? Will
you suggest a better one? lowA.

Answers. — 1. Before attempting to an-
swer I should like the privilege of a little chat
with both you and Mr. Day lest I may misun-
derstand. But I'll do the best I can, and will
be glad to be straightened out if I do misun-
derstand.

You say Mr. Day makes two nuclei from
one colony by putting a division-board be-
tween them. That is possible, but I rather
understood that instead of taking a full colony
to make two nuclei, he drew brood and bees
from different colonies to make his nuclei, in
which case there would be no queen to re-
move. But taking it as you understand it,
I reply that when you remove the queen from
the divided colony you can at once give her
to a second colony which is deprived of its
queen, but she must, of course, be caged or
the bees would promptly kill her. After be-
ing in the hiye for perhaps 2 days, she is said
to have the scent of the colony, and if it is ar-
ranged so that the bees will free her in about
3 days from the time she is put into the hive,
she ought to be received all right. A good
way would be to put her in the hive in a pro-
visioned cage a couple of days before the re-
moval of the reigning queen, but not allow-
ing the bees to get at the candy till the re-
moval of said reigning queen.

2. If we had our chat together I should like
to have Mr. Day tell us more fully about his
failure to get laying queens in his nuclei. I
have reared hundreds of laying queens suc-
cessfully in hives containing 2 nuclei each,
and some in hives containing as many as 6
nuclei each. He says he failed to get many
laying queens, but plenty of virgins, and it
sounds a little as if his effort to get laying
queens preceded the getting virgins in the
cell-proteetors. If that supposition is cor-
rect, it may be that the failure to get the lay-
ing queens was because it was too early. Get-
ting queens much before swarming time is
likely to be a failure, and when one does suc-
ceed in getting a young queen to lay very
early, she is likely to be very poor.

The West cell-protector is a spiral wire ar-
rangement that allows the bees to get at only
the extremity of the cell, for when bees tear
down a cell they do not do it at the point but
at the side. The spiral cage is separate, and
put over the protector, so that when a virgin
emerges from the cell neither can she get out
nor can the bees get in.

3. If the protector be used without the cage,
you may count on all the virgins but one
being killed as fast as they emerge; but if
each virgin has a cage, of course there will be
no fighting. The virgins may be introduced
in the same way as laying queens, and if
taken when less than a day old will be ac-

Mar. 7, 1907

American l^a Journal

<;epted as readily as laying (juecns; indeed, a
virgin just out of the cull will be accepted
more readily than a laying i|ueen ; but a vir-
gin several days old is not easily introduced.

4. No more liKely than any other virgins,
for you must remember that whether in a nu-
■cleus or full colony, every virgin must leave
the hive before she is a nurtiia! laying queen.
It is the general belief that in some cases the
bees go out with the virgin on her wedding-
flight.

5. According to general t)elief the bees in
such case may cluster and then return to the
hive, in very rare cases never returning.

6. She is likely to begin laying when about
10 days old, although it may be a day or two
less, and it may be several days more.

7. I am not sure that there is a great ad-
vantage in keeping nuclei just for the sake of
having virgins hatch out in them without
being fertilized. Why not just as well have
them in any hive with a laying queen i l''or
In the protector with cage they will hatch out
in any hive, whether it has a queen or not.
Only if there is a laying queen in the hive
there must be food in the cage or the virgin
might starve.

If I understand the plan correctly, a virgin
is to be hatched in the nucleus, and then
given to a full colony where it is to be ferti-
lized. The main thing for which nuclei are
used in queen-rearing is to have the virgins
fertilized, saving the time of a full colony.
Even with the best care a number of cases
will be failures, and it a failure occurs in a
full colony, there is a serious loss of time be-
fore another queen can be got to laying.
Either plan will work all right; the only
point is that in general it is economy to take
the time of a nucleus rather than a full colony
to get a queen to laying.

Bottom and Top Starters In Sections

On page 96 you say, " Have the sections
filled full with worker foundation;" and on
page 85 I read: " Dr. Miller has for years de-
scribed his method of using bottom starters
(as well as top ones) in sections of comb
honey." Kindly explain this method, as I
have never seen it in the papers. I have the
Daisy foundation-fastener, and would like to
try bottom and top starters. Would you
make them meet in the center? or how much
space between the starters? When they are
fastened only at the top, they twist and do not
hang true. Ontario.

Answer. — The matter is very simple, and
your Daisy fastener is just the thing to fasten
bottom as well as top starter. It wouldn't do
at all to let the two starters meet in the cen-
ter, for in that case the bottom-starter would
be certain to fall down and make a mess.
When you buy foundation for sections, you
are likely to get it in sheets 15}.>x3% inches.
This is just right to make four starters of each
kind. The top-starters are 3>4 inches deep,
and the bottom ones ;';,'. For a section that is
four inches deep inside, you will see that
would leave a space of ',,-inch between the
starters. In reality the space will generally
be more than that, for the hot plate melts a
little of the edges of the starters. First fasten
the bottom-starter, turn the section over im-
mediately, and put in the other starter. If
your bees are like mine, the first thing they
do on being given the sections will be to fasten
the upper and lower starters together.

Cleaning Sections for Market

On page 786 (1906) "Colorado " asks, ques-
tion No. 2 :

" How many cases of 24 sections does your
best hand clean in a day?" And, also, " What
should be an average iluy's work for an aivr-
age hand .^" etc.

Now, permit me to say that I underscored
the your and also average day's work and aver-
age hand so &s lo a&W your attention to these
words. Of course, it can not be either pleas-
ant or interesting to go into a longer con-

troversy about thi^ matter, and I think neither
you nor I are of ih. ■ hair-splitting " variety.
I will then admit ilmt when I tirst read these
questions, and yi.ur answers to them that I
had not paid any !.{>('. -ial attention to the word
your. For years 1 have known very well
that you work wiih the T-supers, and, there-
fore, I should bavi- thoughtof that. The sec-
ond part of the query, viz — average day's
mark and aivru,/, hand — that's where the
trouble comes from, for, unfortunately, for
years I have not seen any T-supers in this
part of California, and, worse still, my apiary
also is furnished with the unfortunate section-
holder style of supers. Around here there
are not many genuine bee-keepers —mostly
" farmers who keep bees," and who still
work them on the "know-it-all," "rule of
thumb" principle, as their forefathers did it.
VVell, it has happened that once in a while I
have met, and do meet, persons who are a
trifle above the average "Ignoramus .Jake''
class, and with whom I can have a genuine
" bee-talk," and it, nearly always has culmi-
nated in this: " Yes, it only this infernally
slow scraping were not therel" (I am, my-
self, of a mechanical turn; can work very
neatly in wood ami metals, and be it cranki-
ness, or what, I generally make all contri-
vances myself; and there is an extractor,
section-presses, foundation-fasteners, frames,
queen and drone traps, etc., all of my make,
and in use in my apiary.)

Now, then, you will better understand that
my brains have been at work to rig up some-
thing to facilitate the scraping performance —
save time and labor— and when I read the an-
swers given by you, they stunned me.

1. But why did you not answer that part
about average a tritie more to the point? For
instance, if you had said, " With T-supers, as
in my apiary. Miss E. M. Wilson cleaned — ;
but for section-holder supers only so-and-so
much should be the average," etc., would
not that have been the better answer? For
there are many bee-keepers who do not work
the T-super. But enough of this, and kindly
excuse my frankness about the matter.

2. I am, unfortunately for myself, the happy
(?) owner of an apiary of about 60 colonies,
present count (lost only 4 colonies during the
terrible spell of 3 weeks' rain, snow, and ice
that has visited us), all with the section-
holder supers, and a good number of them
there are. If the T-super, as you advocate
and work it, allows such wholesale scraping
and cleaning of sections — well, that one item
alone would be an inducement for me to
change to the T-super. But, last year was a
sad failure for us all, and 1, like many of the
crowd, am " in it," with lots of material, but
a rather small amount of cash at my com-
mand. How can I effect a change in a ra-
tional and economical way? and when and
how should i proceed?

3. Are queen-excluding zincs absolutely
necessary for T-supers?

4. Could I use the supers on hand?

5. What are the dimensions of the supers
(tight) as you use them by preference?

6. If I can find the answers to these (and
other) questions in your book of "Forty
Years Among the Bees," please let my know,
and I will procure it at once. California.

Answers. — 1. I am painfully aware that I
do not always make entirely satisfactory
work in replying to questions. Sometimes it
is diflicult to understand just what is asked
for. Sometimes I may not fully understand
the conditions attendingthe question. Some-
times I don't know enough to answer cor-
rectly. Yet with all these limitations it is
my constant effort to try to put myself in the
place of the questioner and answer the spirit
of his question.

It I understand you correctly, you think it
would have been more to the point if I had
answered about sen ions taken from section-
holders. Yes, mori' to i/omc point, but would
it have been to il:e point for "Colorado!"
Please remember that besides section-holders
and T-supers thti\ are othersurplus arrange-
ments, and if 1 ii.,'l answered about section-
holders, then I <'u:;Lit to have answered about
wide frames, and other kinds. But "Colo-

rado" didn't ask about any of these, and
please remerrjber that I was trying to answer
"Colorado" and not some one else. As
nearly as I understood It, I tried to answer
the letter and the spirit of his question, and
there was nottiing to inilcate that he wanted
to know about section-holders. Perhaps sec-
tionhoders are not so universally in use as
you may suppose, and perhaps there are more
T-supers than you suppose. T-supers are in
use in Colorado to a considerable extent— per-
haps to as large an extent as section-holders.
At any rate, tnat was what I understood him
to be asking about, and what you understand
him to be akiiig about in the first part of his
question, and I do not yet see that he re-
ferred to anything else in the second part.

If it had occurred to me thatany one would
misunderstand, it would have been better to
have si)ecified that my answer was referring
to T-supers; but I do not think it would have
been the better answer to have answered some
other question that some one else might have
asked, for if I should follow that plan there
would be hardly any end to answering each
question. Besides, the way is always open
for any one who wishes answers to those
other questions to ask them.

I think, although I can not be entirely sure,
that the question you want answered is some-
thing like this:

" What would be an average day's work for
an average hand in cleaning such sections as
I have, and in the conditions that I have?"

Frankly, I don't know the answer to that
question. Sections in section-holders are not
all alike, but I don't think that would make
much difference. Conditions may be very
different in your place from what they are
here, you not having the cool weather we
have. That might make a very big difference.
When it is cool enough for propolis to be
brittle, it separates from the wood readily.
When warm and soft, instead of coming off
easily, each stroke seems to drive some of the
glue into the wood. It is impossible to say
just how much difference this would make,
but from what you have heretofore said it
would be nothing strange if it would take five
times as long, or longer. I wonder if you
couldn't make a difference by taking some
special means to cool off your sections, at
least taking them in the coolest part of the
day.

We have never done enough at cleaning
sections in section-holders here to say what a
day's work should be, but when we used
wide frames 1000 sections was not too much
for a day's work. Probably section-holders
would be much the same.

2. I would hardly advise going too fast in
the matter of changing to T-supers. While
some think them the best, others think them
the worst. Better make a trial on a small
scale till you know how you like them. 1 am
just a little afraid that you have an exagger-
ated idea of the gain to be had in the matter
of cleaning sections by using T-supers, and I
doubt whether that alone would warrant your
changing. It will be a simple matter to make
a few of them — possibly some of your old
supers can be changed— and you can get the
T-tins from supply-dealers for about a cent
apiece.

3. I doubt that excluders are necessary with
any kind of section supers. Certainly, I've
never used them with T-supers. But it is
probably important that the sections be filled
with foundation if the queen is not wanted in
them. For if small starters are used then you
may expect the queen to go up to lay in the
drone-comb that will be sure to be built there.

4. It is entirely possible. I had a lot of
Heddon supers that I changed into T-supers.

5. My supers measure inside l"', inches
long, 121s inches wide, and 4'5s inches deep.
Being made of Jg stuff, of course that makes
the outside measure 191^ and ISJ^'. They are
for S-frame hives, and take sections 414x4}^,
no matter what the, width of the section, for
different widths can be used in the same super,
and, for that matter, at the same time. Mine
were made years ago, when 3, was generally
accepted as a bee space. If 1 were having
them made again, I would have them 1-16 or
'rs inch shallower. But I should want to be

1%

Mar, 7, 1907

American T^ee Journal

very sure that the stuff would not shrink any,
for less than '4 would be likely to induce the
bees to glue together the sections of 2 supers.
Generally there is no trouble, but sometimes
when bees are crowded they build comb in
my -Je-inch space.

6. You wouldn't find all these questions an-
swered in the book, but I think you would
find answers to a number that it might be
profitable for you to ask.

Bees Tearing Down Foundation

I have had more or less trouble the past
season from the bees gnawing out part of the
comb foundation, both in brood-frames and
supers.

1. What can I do to prevent bees from tear-
ing down foundation in brood-frames where
full sheets are used!

2. I learn from your writings that you use
full sheets of thin super foundation in sec-
tions. Do you ever have any trouble from
having these full sheets torn down in whole
or in part? Indiana.

Answers. — 1. I am not sure that I ever
bad bees gnaw away foundation in brood-
frames except at the bottom. Bees seem to
have a natural desire for a passage between
the comb and the bottom-bar, so much so that
even after a comb has been built in the frame
clear down to the bottom-bar, if it is not built
out very full they will gnaw it out again
when there comes a time of idleness. The
only secret of prevention that I know of is to
give frames of foundation at a time when
honey is coming in and when comb is being
built. Especially is giving foundation in the
fall to be avoided. Perhaps I ought to men-
tion that it foundation comes down to within
less than I4 inch of the bottom-bar the bees
will rarely build it down to the bottom-lmr.
Not only that, but they will gnaw it away
until there is a passage-way of '4 inch or
more. Some have succeeded in getting the
comb built down to the bottom-bar by revers-
ing the comb, and others have succeeded by
getting combs built in an upper story. My
way is to have the bottom-bar in two halves,
and have the foundation come down between
these two halves.

2. Yes, I have had foundation gnawed in
sections when they were left on after the
bees quit work in them. They are worse
about gnawing extra-thin foundation than
thin. Not only do they gnaw the lower edge
in sections, but also the sides. The remedy
is not to leave sections on the hive when bees
stop work. Generally I put sections on sev-
eral days before the bees begin work in them,
but somehow the bees don't gnaw before the
harvest as they do afterward.

Uniting Colonies for the Harvest

1. How would it do to shake 2 colonies to-
gether at the beginning of the white honey-
flow, where each is not strong enough to do
good work in sections* Would they tight?

2. It I take away one queen and put on
another hive with the beeless brood-frames,
and tier the two hives up, would not the
brood, when hatched out, make as strong a
colony as the one shaken, in a month's time
or less; ready to work in sections on the
buckwheat flow, which comes here the first
of August?

3. I have wished increase. Could I not
make 2 colonies from the beeless brood instead
of one, by putting in another queen to one
hive of the brood? New York.

Answers.— 1. It might work all right, tor
the strong colony would store where neither
weak colony would. If you contemplate such
management, it would be well to have the 2
colonies on the same stand, and then all the
field-force would remain on that stand when
one of the hives was removed. At the begin-
ning of the honey harvest there is little dan-
ger of any fighting when uniting.

2. 1 am not sure whether I understood you,

but as nearly as I can guess, you mean to
take away all the brood from the 2 colonies,
also the queen of one of the colonies, leaving
on the old stand one queen and nearly all of
the bees, and put the 2 stories of brood with
the other queen on a new stand, of course
having enough bees with the removed queen
to prevent the chilling of brood. That ought
to work all right; and the removed colony
ought to be in good trim tor buckwheat.

3. Sure; but of course neither of the 2
would be so strong for buckwheat as it left
together. But there ought to be no trouble
about their being strong for winter.

Moving Bees in the Pall

Can bees be moved in the fall, say the last
of September or first of October? I want to
move them 75 or SO miles, either by rail or
wagon. Can it be done without damage? I
have never had any experience in moving
bees in the fall, and would like to know from
some one that has had. I have moved them
in the spring, but that is the only time.

Wisconsin.

Answer.— For more than 20 years I have
moved bees every fall, and never had any
trouble. But I moved them only 5 miles or
less. In the fall the combs are heavier with
honey than in the spring, and there are also
more bees. So you will see that there must
be a little more care against breaking combs,
as well as a little more care to have plenty of
ventilation. Aside from this you ought to
have no more trouble fall than spring. It
you can have your choice as to time, it will
be well to wait till as much after the first of
October as you can, for the cooler it is the
less danger of suffocation, although, of
course, it you wait for severe winter weather
there would be danger of the combs becoming
brittle with the cold, and breaking.

ttueen-Cells and Swarming

I started to keep bees last year. Reading
your " Forty Years .\niongthe Bees," I found
on page 186, the following passage:

"Generally, however, when eggs are found
in cells, the next visit will find cells with
grubs well advanced. When grubs are found
in cells then the colony must be treated."

Why must the colony be treated? Why is
it not sufficient simply to remove cells and
grubs the same way incipient cells are de-
stroyed, according to your instructions?

New York.

Answer. — Your question involves more or
less the whole matter of queen-cells as con-
nected with swarming. When bees begin to
think about swarming queen-cells are started.
If there comes a dearth so that the outlook is
rather discouraging for a new colony to set
up housekeeping, or even if there is an ap-
proach to a dearth, the cells are likely to be
destroyed, and swarming abandoned. The
less advanced the cells are, if I am not mis-
taken in my observations, the less the dis-
couragement needed to induce the bees to de-
stroy them. After the cells are sealed, or
near the sealing stage, it will take a good deal
of discouragement in the way of dearth or
bad weather to get the bees to destroy them.

Generally, however, there is not sufficient
discouragement to make them abandon all
idea of swarming, and once cells are started
and have eggs in them, you may count on
swarming in the great majority of cases, (/'
the bees are let alone. Suppose now you open
a hive and find cells with eggs or very young
larv.T in them, and you destroy them. You
may find, on looking 10 days later, that there
are cells with eggs or very young larv;e in
them again. That shows that the bees were
not in desperate haste about swarming, and
if these cells are again destroyed they will
postpone swarming for another 10 days —
possibly give up swarming altogether. But
it larvae are well advanced, then that shows
that the bees were strongly set on swarming,
tor they had started cells and the queen had

laid in them almost immediately after their
previous cells were destroyed. Now it we
destroy these well-advanced grubs, the bees
will not always — perhaps not generally —wait
to have another set of cells well advanced,
but will swarm with quite small larvie in the
cells; possibly with only eggs in them. Now
you get the answer to your question, after all
this talk, which is that when well-advanced
larvie are in cells, if we destroy them the
chances are that the bees will swarm before
we get around again.

If I don't get the gist nf your question, try
again.

Favorable Winter for Bees

The winter here is very favorable for bees.
They have had flights about right for best
conditions. F. A. Snell.

Milledgeville, 111., Feb. 25.

CellaFed Bees All Right

Bees are all right in the cellar so far. The
weather is fine, but no day so far that bees
outdoors would or could fly.

Farwell, Mich., Feb. 28. T. F. Bingham.

Good Prospect for a Crop

The prospect tor the coming season is very
bright for a good crop of honey. Bees are
wintering very well in the cellar and out-
doors. Though little snow has fallen, yet
the ground has remained frozen for weeks at
a time, thus protecting the clovers of all
kinds. The many letters I receive every day
indicate the same conditions prevailing every-
where— "prospects good." However, I am
led to believe that in the case of even a fair
crop of honey the coming season, some bee-
keepers will find themselves not prepared.
Last season was very poor on the average,
and many bought supplies and had some left
on hand ; they were sorry they bought so
much, and will not get any more until they
have used up what they have on hand, which
will last until about the middle of the season,
or just the time when all factories and deal-
ers are in a rush and are short on just what
is wanted. Consequently, there will be much
worry, vexation and complaint. Cattle farm-
ers always are provided with enough teed and
a little extra for cases of emergency from one
season to another; but bee-keepers seldom
consider the question of extras, or emergen-
cies, until the last moment, and the loss oc-
casioned by the delay very often amounts to
a good deal. H. S. Dubt.

St. Anne, III, Feb. 22.

Oklahoma and Indian Territory as
a Bee-Country, Etc.

On page 55, Dr. Miller makes an inquiry as
to the value of northern Oklahoma or Indian
Territory for keeping bees for profit. I have
lived within a tew rods of the north line of
the Osage, Indian Territory, for over 26 years,
and have kept bees for more than 5 years of
that time, and I do not consider this a good
country for bees —

1st. Because of a lack of nectar-bearing
bloom.

2d. Because of the extremes of this climate;
but by selecting a protected locality and rais-
ing plenty of nectar-bearing bloom, a fair
business might be attained.

Poisoned by Bee-Sting. — Remedy : Put
oil on the part stung, then cover with com-
mon soda. Eat oil sardines, or take broken
doses of olive oil. This will fortify the sys-

Mar. 7, 1907

America* Tiee Journal

]

tern to Bome extent ugaiDist insect or ivy
poison. (See page 16.)

" A millionaire eRg-laying queen-bee in-
duced to deposit her 5 years' batch of eggs in
2 or ;i years." Although I live about 100
miles west of Missouri, I will have to asl( Mr.
Doolittle to show me. 1 have heard it said,
to malfe a hen lay, run her up bill; but one
of my neighbors says to feed her kallir corn
beats running her up hill; next an Oklahoma
man comes to the front and says if you want
your hen to lay 2 eggs per day, feed her cow-
peas; but how do you work the queen-bee?
(See page 6?.) I. M. Newman.

Hewins, Kans.

T-Super vs. Wide Frames

There seems to be such a fuss between the
T and the wide-frame super. I use a cross
between both. I use plain sections and fen-
ces, and by driving a large flat-headed tack
(about 5'f^inch in diameter) into the bottom-
end of the 8 center deals on the fence so that
the heads are about in line with the bottom
end of the end-cleats, the sections can rest on
the tack heads, and the fences rest on the
strips of tin that are nailed on the under edge
of the super. By placing a row of sections in
the super, the fence can be pushed up and the
tack-heads catch under the sections; another
row, and another fence, and so on, until the
super is full. Springs are used for compres-
sion. I got 350 pounds of honey and 5
swarms from 5 colonies last year — 50 pounds
comb and 300 pounds of extracted.

Sioux City, Iowa, Feb. 18. Peter Bohm.

Something on Swarming

" All the experiments that have come to me
in deflnitf form have been made with S-frame
hives, and colonies in such hives have been
regarded as more likely to swarm than larger-
sized. I wonder if a great many things are
not taken for granted."— T. F. Bingham,
page 96.

Mr. Bingham, in the same paragraph, asks
if any one has made a success of non-swarm-
ing with the lOframe hive. Thinking that
some experiments I have made with a hive
much smaller than even the 8 frame dove-
tailed, may be of fnterest in connection with
the extract above, 1 give them, mentioning
only such details as could in any way have
in&uenced the results.

Suspecting (1) that possibly there is a mini-
mum of number below which bees will not
voliDitarily sw&rm, or (3) that swarming might
be traced to the fatigue of the queen after
the great spring laying, I began in 1904 a
series of tests that would apply to either idea.
The hive used is sectional, each chamber S-'.j
inches deep. In that year I chose 3 rather
weak colonies, removed the lower brood-
chamber, and confined the queen to 8 frames,
or about 975 cubic inches of brood-room.
One stood out in the sun, and the other wis
protected till nearly noon by a peach-tree.
Hive-entrances were full width, and J^ inch
deep, just as in all my hives. They were run
for both extracted and comb honey. By June
10 each queen had everything filled, and kept
it so till Sept. 1, forcing all the honey, and no
ittle of it, either, into the supers. Nearly all
colonies in hives not contracted swarmed —
those in little hives did not.

Not feeling so timid in 1905 I selected, in
the latter part of May, 30 of my l>est colonies,
taking such only as had queens reared in
1904. Nineteen of these were treated exactly
as the 2 had been in 1904, except that 6 of
them, after being contracted, were reduced to
3 double colonies, the queens in each double
being separated by a zinc board. These
doubles soon became powerful colonies, and
on June 15, 2 of them swarmed, all 4 young
queens coming out; that is, 4 contracted
colonies out of 6 that were doubled up by 3's,
swarmed. This result seemed to point toward
the " minimum of number " when compared
with results in the remaining 13, for of these
but one swarmed, and this swarm seemed to
follow the accidental death of the queen.

The remaining 11 of the 30 were contracted

to 10 frames, oj iiboiit 1211 cubic inches. Of
these one swarrnt.:<l.

To recapituliiii- ; Four out of 6 reduced to
975 cubic inches iind doubled up by 2's. each
colony retaining lis i(ueen, swarmed. One of
13 contracted to '.IT.") cubic inches swarmed,
appearances imiicating the death of the
queen. The 13 were Biogles. One of lire
duced to 1211 eubir inches swarmed. Of those
colonies in uncnntrHCted hives in the same
yard, close to till pL-rcent swarmed.

Inferring from these results that 975 cubic
inches was smalU-i than necessary, and 1211 a
little too large, 4ii colonies in liKXJ were re-
duced to 9 frames, or about lOSO cubic inches.
They were given I hi' same general treatment
as to shade, ventilation, and super-room that
all others in the same yard received. None
of the 40 swarmed, but it was not a swarming
season.

It may be well to state that in these ex-
periments every queen used was in her sec-
ond year, and none was restricted to fewer
combs than she had in use when the contract-
ing was done.

Though nothing is established, the results
seem to indicate that very low contracting in
early spring may tend to prevent swarming.
I have a strong suspicion that if the queen
can be kept from overwork, bees will not
swarm. This is contrary to much that has
" been taken for granted," but a great deal
might be said in ils favor.

E. W. DiEFENDORF.

Otlerville, Mo., Feb. 11.

BEE=SUPPLIES

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10A13t

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True to name, a concise and boiled down di-
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T T~> you want to make more monev out of
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month in the poultry yard.
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B&Bl^S' FOOT POWER MACHIIIEBT

Kead what J. I, Parent, of
ClKirlton, N. Y., says: ** We
cu'- with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
5ii Lhaflf hives with 7-in. cap,
li I honey racks, SOO brood,
I ] . I mes, 2,000 honey boxes, and
:i ^reat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
ibe amount of bee-hives, etc.,
10 make, and we expect to do
ii with this Saw. It will do all
you say It will." Caialog- and price-list free.
Address, "W. K. & John Barnes,

'}'.-' Rnby St., Rockford, II],

^-. «iqS»— IR.

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Ask for other combinations. We can du-
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ST. .JOSEPH, .Ml).
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■^ A 40-piige Catalog tree

11^/%^^ The latest work on UEE-
KHHV S«^I'I*I^IK«,Hives,Fii-
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Ilooms 6 and 7 Temple Block.

ICt LOS ANGELES. CALIF.

Special Oftter.— For .SI 40 we will send
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FOR SALE

$lto$3apair. Registered Homing Pigeons;
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Hares; Fancy e.^periment station; crosses in
all colors. HULBERT

Mail orders tilled. GLEN ELLYN, ILL.

40Ctf Please mention the Uee Joarnal.

198

Mar. ■?, 1907

American Hw Joaraali

Money Earns Money

only when invested in a money-earning bus-
iness, and I believe there is no good, safe and
honest business earning more money on the
capital invested than the subscription-book
business.

DO YOU BUY BOOKS?

This is a book-buying age. A house with-
out a library is no longer a home, and most
of the home libraries in this country are pur-
chased as a result of direct solicitation.

BUT FEW KNOW

that during the last six years nearly 150,000
sets of •• Modem JEloqumce" h&\e been sold
for §7,500,000.00; that " Stoddard's Lectures "
have been placed in 250,000 American homes
for .?12,000,000.00; that 300,000 sets of the
" Century Dictionary " have been sold for
$21,000,000.00 ; that more than 560,000 sets of
^^ Britaimica " have been sold in the United
States alone for over $44,000,000.00 ; or that
the sale of these books still continues. But
few know what the profits are on this busi-
ness. How much of it did you receive?

A MODERN PUBLICA-
TION

of the highest class, which in sales and profits
is destined to exceed the above records, is
now being made and sold. This is evident
from the actual results now being obtained,
although the sale was begun less than six
months ago, and you can have full particulars
by sending your name and address on a pos-
tal card, costing

ONLY ONE CENT

Let me mail you a letter telling all about
this record-breaking, modern American pub-
lication ; how several hundred eminent Amer-
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American people find it not a luxury but a
necessity, and what a few dollars will do — not
over a hundred— if now added to the present
capital.

MAKE YOUR MONEY
EARN MONEY

Write me to-day, as this is a present oppor-
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28 Jackson Boul., ChlCAQO, ILL.

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* <'If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder"

BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's rnces

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. Prompt Service ^j^
Low Freight Rates. .-. .-. .-. Catalog Free ^

New Metal-Spaced Frames. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive, the com- ^F
ing hive for comb-honey experts. If interested in this hive ask for pamphlet St
"FACTS ABOUT BEES." It is mailed free. TT

BEESWZAX WAMTED X

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or Vf
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
SBf shall be glad to send it to you.

t WALTER S. POUDER

ak 5IS-515 ]na»!«acli»!«etl>< Ave.. I.^UIA.^ APOLIS, INU.

^iPDtloii Bee Joamal when TrrltliiK-

Metal Mothers

Complete fireproof H itch-
ing and Brooding Plaat
for $7.50. 2 quarts oil will
natch and brood 50 chicks
Our nest system is the
latest discovery. Full line
Poultry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Catalog-.
Write today CYCLE HATCHER
ro , RovO, KeeseMllc, \. V.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mention the Bee Jonrnil

Cnr Cila ^^^ Acre Farm and lOO
rUr 04lC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8-room bouse — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonrnal whem wrltlns.

Big Profits In Capons

~ "aponizint? is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
, with free instructions
postpaid $2.50.

liGape Worm Extractor 25c

1 Poultry Marker 25c

[French Killing; Knife50c
Icapon Booli Free.

Arch St., Philadelphia ,Pa.

{CAPON
TOOLS

e.P Pilling & Son Co.,
Mention Ree Jonrnal vrben vrrttlas*

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re
suits. Comb fonndation made easily and
Quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
o£ the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal when nTltlnc.

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Or WOODEN HEN

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Hati'h every fertile egg. Lowest
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Journal wtaea vnitlas-

Wb Sell Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let us qnote jon prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndsition, etc, as we can save joa time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

M. H. HUNT A SON.
Bbll Branch, Waynk Co., Micb
Mention Bee Joamal when vrrltlns-

Best No. 1 Sections r%i7:ttZ\ "Hi

lees. Discounts on Danz. and Root's hives, and
other Roofs Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. DuDu, St. flpne, III.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Alsike Glover Seed

Alsike is fine for bees, land, pasture or
hay. It is hardy. Present price of seed, f.o.b.,
per bushel, $8.00; 6 bushels or more include
sacks ; less than 6 bushel orders, sacks 30 cts.
extra. Write for price of Medium Red or
Mammoth Clover Seed. Prices advancing.
Catalog of Apiary Supplies free. Address,

F. A. SNELL, Mllledgeville, Carroll Co., III.

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Western Bee-Keepers s^^«^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THK cniORlftO BIISEV-PRODICERS' ASS'J, Dfnver. Colo.
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That covers the wtaole Apicultaral Field mote

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

l>rof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlfconati to the Trade,
mention Bee Journal vrliea WTltllls.

Mar. 7, 1907

199

America.. Hee Journal

A GREAT IMPROYENENT

will be found In

Ttie-

American Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It Is profusely illiistrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of t\u\ best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have publislied the American Hee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
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OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE YV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years.J

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stuck laid in during- the autumn by
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings lS(afl6c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade fromt-toTi^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces win be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16(ai8c; No, 1, 14@15c; -m-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 7)i@8 c:
light amber, 6^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission.^ ; 3Wm. A. Selser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15@16c tar fancy white; 13(sil4c for No. 1;
I2c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dii-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10(a»12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sud-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8<a8)4c; light amber, 7J4c; am
ber, 6>4@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6>4c. Southern in barrels' finds
ready sale at from 55(a)70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 3lc.

HrLDRBTH & SRORLKEN.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Prodncers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for l!t07 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYISG FROM ME. '^'i^Z^'"''-

A Special Discount or Early Orders.

Let me
book
Order for

QUEENS

bred in separate apiaries,
tbe<]!0(.l>K:^ VKI.-

I>A.liSI, und <'AI C'A»«IA:%S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

C. H.W.WEBER =;

Office and Salesrooms, 2t46-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Avef.

tracted honey. We have not sufficient g-ood
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey» per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
lig-ht amber, f3; and good No. 2, S2,S0. White
extracted. s(aS%c per pound; light amber,
7%'@Sc. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, Feb. ''.—The demand for ex-
tracted amber honey has brightened in the oast
3 weeks. Amber honey in barrels at bJ^OT^c,
according to the quality and the qnantity pur-
chased. Fancy white extracted houey selling
at 8@*Jc in cans. Comb honsy is a drag on Ihe
market, fancy selling at 14((i'16c. Beeswax, 32c.
for choice grade. Thb Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 2J.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'2>13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, ISc.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7J^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26faJ28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The market on comb
honey is rather easy. Prices rule in jobbing
waTS from 14@14J^c; single cases 16c for No. 1
white; off grades not wanted at any prlce^ Ex-
tracted is very firm. Light amber in barrels,
6^6>^c; white clover in barrels, 7>6c; in cans,
8^:. Beeswax, 30c, delivered.

C. H.W. Wbbbk.

Kansas City, Jan. 25— The receipts of comb
honey have been more liberal during the last
week or two, and the demand light, market
weaker. The market is riractically bare of ex-
tracted, and there is quite a little inquiry. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sec. cases, $3.10;
No. 2, $2.75; amber. $2.50, Extracted, white,
7^@8c; amber. 0%Cd-Jc. Beeswax, 27c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, ?3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKIER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers will be ready
early In April.

Carnlolans, Italians and Goldens

Equal to the best, regardless of price. Prices:
Tested, each, $1.00; dozen, $10.00. Untested,
each, 50 cts. ; dozen, $5 50.
6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal, Texas.

FACTORY PRICES

BEE-SUPPLIES in Cincinnati.

Let us give you quotations on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc. We will save you
money.

Beeswax wanted at 31c per pound cash ; 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our free
catalog.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
7Atf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

ff'jrjlf/*^" STRONGEST

r mLmw^^ MADE. Bull-

tetn.iiijr chitU-
' II tltrbt Sold totheuserat Wholehole
I'rin N. n'f I'Bj- frVflehi, t'atitogne free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO..
Bos 89 Winchester, Indiana*

'^^f-^--i-7t-7r'A

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

BEE 0 POUI.TRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, HoDiv-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed lor the ' Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for eillur. with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTr & CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., ludlanapoHs, Ind.

200

Mar. 7, 1907

American Hee Journal

DADAIiT'S FOUIDATIOH

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will

say, " Of course, Dadant's is the best. " ^

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same ^

thing. WHY ? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR W

SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST J

COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE. , J

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex- X

periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's— get Dadant's and you will ^

have the best. It will cost you no more than any other. ^

WORKING BEESWAX *

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct. 0

Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember vou take NO CHANCES when m

you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY. §

Agents for our foundation everywhere. #

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper. ^

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111. |

Mentlo I Bee Journal n-hen wrltiue.

QUEENS ?/o^«co^'o1onrel NUCLEI

I will sell Queens and Xnclei. after March 1, at
—1 Queen, 2Sc; doz.,$3; Nnclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2frame, $1.50: 3-frame,«l 75.

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff. Calif.
Mention Bee Joomal when vrrltlnB.

' It Is continuous advertising
that Impresaes the public
with the stability ol a firm."

Our Discounts on

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

are stiU in effect. We furnish EVERVTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the
We make them. Have you seen them ? Have you read our Catalog ?

Our H0NEY-EXTRACT0R5

are not excelled for durability, fine workmanship, and practical utility.

Have you seen our latest improved Champion Smoker 7 If not, you
miss it until you get one.

Satisfaction guaranteed, or money back. Address,

KRETGfiMER MFG. CO., Gouncil Bluffs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. lllh Street, Lincoln, Neb. i

Shugart-Ouran Seed Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

!
1

We will Buy and
Sell

HONEY

S3W of the different grades and kinds.

If you have any to dispose of, or if
you intend to buy, correspond
with us.

We are always in the market
for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

26s & 267 Qreenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Joomal vrhen vrrltlns.

>' Xhe continuous adTertiser
{i^ets the bulk o< the business,
because others are not adver-
tising, and he is."

47th Year

MARCH 14, 1907

Number 11

TWENTY=PAQE NUMBER

202

Mar. 14, 1907

American ^ee Journal

PCBLIS3ED WEEKLT BT

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE BTTBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal i»
$l.uo a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union. oO
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription ispa'.d.
For instance, " dec<JT' on your label shows that it Is
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION RBCBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than 'A inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times S per cent

13 " ....10 "
2b " ....20 "
52 " .■••30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
200O " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t —To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riehta. , ^ ^ ,. . .

3d.— Toenfor.e laws against the adulteration or
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

«c^,= ^ ^^ ^ France, Platteville, Wl».

|y If more convenient. Dues may be sent to thO
ubiisbers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are ju.st the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

O waiT rou BEE m HONEY
And CMECft THIS LONar heart?

For I WOULD huo rou all the Tint ,
And w[ would Nfi/tfi part

As most of our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The CHts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey -customers, to reroiud them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid; 3 cards for lOo (stamps
or silver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
Journal one year at *l. 00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x3J.<
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

i -^•

Now is tiie Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

•(•^

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delireretl
prices on Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Section Holders,
Separators, l<rood-I'''ranies, Foundation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEr.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supoly 60.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
^ Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

54gjp«y.gy.ay.gy.gy-?yy.aj>;.gy.3y;.g^-a|i';-g[y-Sy;gysaBg?r'^?;

Diumer's GoniD Founflailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otner makes?

Because the bees like : bast and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST ^ POLITICAL * QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher

400 West 23ed Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.

35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
Bale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-buttoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. Th«
American Bee Journal one year and 4 buttont
forJI.lO. Address all orders to

aEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILI.

Marshfieid Goods I

When you buy those goods vou can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfieid, Wis.

O^SA^s;

Please Mention the American Bee Jonrnal Kiiff

Mar. 14, 1907

American Hee -Journal

standard- Bred Italian
FREE

PREmUM QUEEiS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every jear FREE to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weel<ly American Bee
Journal. These orders are talsen for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George W. York 16 Co..'— The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are fine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York * Co.;— After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 9V Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date^ and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George W. York & r7o..— The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N, P. Oglesbt.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York tfc Co..-— The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 30 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. K McColm.

Marion Co., III., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
Sl.OO for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for Sl.OO. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send $1.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE - BOOKS

HKNT POHTI'AII) HY

QEOROE W. YORK & CO.

334 Deakdou.s- .Stbeet, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Advnn I Ilpe-Culture. Its Mflljods

and Mana>;.-iiient, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
^The autlior of this work Is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read his book; 330 pages; bound In
cloth, and beautifully Illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

. A B C of nee-Cultnre, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia ot over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound In cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Splentlflc aucen-Rearlng, as Practl-
callv Applied, by G. M. Doollttle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared In perfect accord
with Natures way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

nee-Kocper's Gnlde, or Manual ot the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California., This book Is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pagres. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I.nntfKtroth on the Honey-Bce, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is complete without
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth— the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey ns a Health Food. — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
.■iO copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Amongr the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 32S
pages, is Ijound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Tear Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found In the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows In minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

'The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet, 5%xS% inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupving
a full page, but in different parts of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namelv. "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom," "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
,1ect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

204

Mar. 14, 1907

American He^ Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

r*l

a

k

^ s

■5 r

■■*«*, 1-.

•^

«-»iIL.-i,

»»f •• » '■-■.-.••.■«■!,■ J*

'If" •, '

™..^iJ I

i\L

^ L .... te. . ' i

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Ala1>aina,

•Wetnmpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

*Frcsno Madary Planing Mill

♦Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association
Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Fruita b ruit and Produce Ass'n

District oi Coliinibia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Oeorgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

KvansvlUe Vickery Bros.

lo^va

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas
Augusta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

MassacUusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

IMaine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co .

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micliigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill . . . . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

J^e^v Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

T^e-n- York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

P ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virgfinia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

local.made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at thi Poal-Offlce ut Cblcago as Second-Claaa Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1,00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YOKK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, MARCH 14, 1907

Cdiforial JMes «vi
and Commenfs

Sugar and Honey for Pulmonary Con =
sumption

In European scientiflo circles interest has
been aroused in the experiments of two Ital-
ian physicians, Prof. Massalongo and Dr, C.
Daino, in the treatment of pulmonary con-
sumption. Besides the ordinary diet, sugar
was administered in increasingly large doses,
from 100 to 500 grams (3^ to 17>< ounces)
per day. The patients increased rapidly in
weight, some gaining even 30 to 30 pounds in
2 or 3 months. The honey was well borne,
but in some cases it was considered advisable
to dilute it with milk, black coffee, or a few
teaspoonfuls of bitter tincture.

Commenting upon this in Praktischer Weg-
weiser, Jul. Herter suggests the substitution
of honey for sugar, as being pleasanter, and
better for weak digestions. One would nat-
urally think that consumptives would prefer
honey to the by no means luscious cod-liver
oil that has been used in such large quantities.

Granulated Honey for Bee-Candy

The British Bee .Journal says:

Granulated honey may be used as bee-candy
if made stiff enough by kneading into it suffi-
cient castor-sugar for the purpose.

C. P. Dadant uses the granulated honey
without any sugar; flattening it upon the
top-bars toward the back part of the hive.

No-Bee-Way Sections and Fences in
England

In reply to the question, " Is the no-bee-
way section an improvement on the old
style?" The British Bee Journal replies:

It appears to be definitely settled by the
great majority of bee-keepers in this country
that the older style of section is preferable to
the "no-bee-way" and the fence separator
necessary for use with the latter.

Young Queen Swarming, and Leaving
Mother

Marking a queen with paint, so as to be
able to identify her afterward, has been prac-
tised to some extent across the water. In
Prak. Wegweiser it is said that this practise
has led to the astonishing discovery that in
one case a young queen went with the first
swarm, the mother remaining and going with
an afterswarm.

If this be at all a common thing, it surely
must have been observed in this country more
than once. A large proportion of American
bee-keepers clip their queens, and this they
have done for years. Has any one a case to re-
port in which the clipped queen has been
found doing duty in the mother colony after
the departure of a swarm with a young queen!

Reliability of Linden or Basswood

Prak. Wegweiser copies from Die Biene u.
ihre Zucht a paragraph which claims that one
reason that lindens sometimes fail to secrete
is because of peculiarity of soil ; but that all
lindens fail when they have attained a certain
age, and that not such a very great age. Even
though very old trees are visited by bees, it is
only for their pollen. But does not so careful
an observer as G. M. Doolittle say that lindens
yield no pollen?

That Dead Bee With Pollen

A note from a critic of our genial critic, the
" Afterthinker," says :

"Mr. Hasty, page 152, questions thus:
' Will the poet, on page 27, take notice that
bees don't die (except by violence) with pol-
len on their legsi' In spite of his 'unre-
liable glasses,' Mr. Hasty usually has a very
keen vision. How does it come, Mr. Editor,

Vol,XLVII-No. 11

that he has never taken note of bees with
loads of pollen lying dead near the hives on
chill days? And how does it come that he
failed to see the cause of death when the poet
said the poor little thing was stiffened with
death and with mid ?"

Locality, perhaps. It is true that many a
bee-keeper has seen such bees lying dead with-
out any marks of violence; but are you sure
that such chill days occur in our "After-
thinker's " locality? It maybe that he does
not need more reliable glasses, only a larger
vision.

Great Value of Alfalfa Pollen

The Australasian Bee-Keeper reports an ad-
dress by Dr. Cherry, Director of .\griculture,
before the Victorian bee-keepers, in which he
strongly urged the cultivation of alfalfa, or
lucerne, giving as one reason the superior
value of its pollen. He said :

The bees will derive very much benefit from
the pollen they obtain from it. From the
analysis of the samples of pollen submitted
to me. It will be seen that cultivated plants
give the best result in protein ; as much as 27
percent is shown on the table— eucalyptus 20
percent, weeds 10 percent. If we were to
generalize we might see the more valuable
the fruit the better the nitrogen. Lucerne
produces more protein than any other plant
that we are acquainted with.

How Long are Swarms Provisioned ?

Three days will perhaps be the general an-
swer; but a case of 5 days is reported in
Prak. Wegweiser. The swarm was settled on
a tree, and held there by rainy weather.

Spraying Fruit-Bloom

We have received the following from Mr.
C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton, 111., who is a
member of the Legislative Committee of the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association :

Mr. Editor:— It appears that in Italy they
now have another enemy of the bee in the
olive-growers. They have lately been experi-
menting upon a new preparation to destroy
an insect that preys upon the olives, and this
preparation also kills the bees. According to
the February number of L'Apicoltore, of
Milan, this matter is mentioned in the Jour-
nal of Agriculture, of Tuscany, by a bee-
keeper, Ippolito Pestellini, of Florence, who
asserts that wherever this new method is used
the bees are all killed. This is somewhat in
the line of the bloom-spray against which the
American bee-keepers are aiming to take

206

^^^^^M

Mar. 14, 1907

American ^ae'Journal

action. There is certainly a possibility of
destroying injurious insects witliout at the
same time also destroying the useful ones.
We understand that the preparation above
named is made in part with honey. It is
rather bad to use the bee's product to kill
bees. But it would be bad in any case, even
it no honey were used, to kill the bees in an
attempt to save a crop from partial destruc-
tion.

I have here a very short letter, just received
from an old German, on the spraying subject.
Permit me to add it to the testimony already
gathered on the same question :

Pleasant plain, Ohio, Feb. 21, 1907.
MR. DADANT ;— I had, 2 years ago, 32 colonies of
bees ; the farmers commenced to spray their fruit-
trees, and killed my bees, so now 1 have but -2 colo-
nies. So you will see 1 have quit the business.
Don't want to be bothered with them. W. Y.

No comments are needed.

C. P. Dadant.

Since the foregoing came in, we have re-
ceived this information from Mr. Dadant;

Editor York:— The Bill to prevent the
spraying of fruit-trees in bloom was killed in

the Senate Committee, in Springfield, by Sen-
ator Dunlap, chairman of the committee. He
positively asserted that intelligent horticul-
turists will no longer spray their fruit-trees
during bloom, because spraying during bloom
is an injury to the blossom. He said that it
was therefore unnecessary to load the statutes
with a measure that would be useless and
might give opportunity to ill-intentioned api-
arists to cause trouble to horticulturists if
they happened to begin spraying while there
still was a trace of bloom on the trees.

In private conversation with the writer.
Senator Dunlap said that he knew of dealers
in sprayers, who had formerly advised spray-
ing during bloom, and who had become con-
vinced that it was a mistake, and would
therefore cease to recommend it.

It behooves the bee-keepers to keep a vigi-
lant eye upon this matter, and inform their
neighbor horticulturists of these things. Such
a leading horticulturist as Senator Dunlap is
authority on tree-spraying, and his public
statement is of value to us in helping to stop
the practise of misapplied spraying. It may
be that this will have the result of putting a
stop to bloom-spraying. C. P. Dadant.

(Miscellaneous
ilecus -Items

The Apiary of Otto Banker is shown
on the first page. When sending the picture
he wrote thus, under date of Feb. 9, 1907 :

I did not get any honey last season on ac-
count of being so wet the bees could not
gather it, and the frogs would sit at the en-
trances when the bees did work and catch
most of them as they alighted. The strongest
colonies got enough honey to winter on, but
the weaker ones we had to feed. I had 135
colonies, and did not get honey enough for
my own use.

My bees are wintering very well so far— 54
colonies in the cellar and the rest in chaff
hives outdoors.

In the picture I am standing on a hive, and
the other two people are neighbors of mine.
My storehouse is located back of me, and the
other building shown in white is my house. I
could not get a full view of the apiary on ac-
count of so much shade. Otto Banker.

The Far-Western BceKeeper is the

name of another bee-paper, whose first num-
ber (for March) has just come to our desk. It
is a 30-page monthly (size of page 6xS;'.i
inches), and published at 50 cents a year, by
Henry E. Horn, Riverside, Calif. It makes a
very creditable appearance.

liower Freight-Rates on Bees.— Mr.

N. E. France, General Manager of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, sends us the
following for publication :

The South Texas Bee-Keepers' Association
met lately for business at the residence of
Pres. E. J. Atchley, and by united effort on
the part of the officers, a reduction on freight-
rate from $1.S5 per 100 pounds, on live bees
in car-load lots, down to 79 cents per 100
pounds to all points in Kansas, Missouri,
Oklahoma, and other Western points of the
Ft. Worth and Denver railroad ; and 81 cents

to intermediate points in Colorado. This
makes a bright future for the bee-industry of
Southern Texas, and to get the old rate cut
more than halt gives cause of rejoicing.

We have put in an application to the Railroad
Company to the effect that we want a ruling
to go along with the reduced freight-rate —
not to allow any one to load bees for ship-
ment until such person first screens the car
with wire-cloth in such a manner as will not
allow bees to escape from the car while in
transit. We feel sure we will get such ruling.

The South Texas Association was instru-
mental in getting a one-third reduction on
bees shipped by express from Beeville to all
points on the Wells Fargo lines, which re-
duction was later extended from other points.
There are several cars of bees to go from Bee-
ville this spring. This Association also
secured a lower local freight-rate on honey
several years ago.

We congratulate the Southwest Texas Bee-
Keepers' Association on the good work it has
been able to do. We regret to learn, how-
ever, that its president, E. J. Atchley, suffered
a stroke of paralysis about a month ago. He
is recovering, and doubtless will soon be " as
good as new " again.

as a food. The purpose for which these arti-
cles are written need not appear upon the
surface. It is better that it should 7iot ap-
pear, but there ought to be something about
each article that would unconsciously lead
the reader to have a better opinion of honey,
to have greater confidence in its purity and
healthfulness, or knowledge of its economic
value as a food ; that honey is not an expen-
sive food, requires no cooking, no sweetening
nor other special preparation, but is the
"whole thing" ready for use; that choice
bakings sweetened with honey do not dry up
as quickly as sugar-sweetened goods. Also
call attention to Pure Food Laws, and no
adulterated honey now sold.

These articles should leave the reader with
his mouth watering to test the true delicious-
ness of honey. The articles must be short —
not over 300 to 400 words— and will be judged
with reference to their value: 1st. Will this
article attract attention and interest the gen-
eral reader? 3d. Will the reader who is not
acquainted with the use of honey be likely to
investigate and use honey?

Of course, it would be an easy matter for
us to employ one man to write a series of
articles for this purpose, but the committee
wishes to secure the very best that the coun-
try can produce, and takes this method of in-
viting everybody to send in articles of this
nature. Not over 400 words, perhaps less to
include the thought. Mail each article to W.
Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich., who will read
and mark them according to their merits.
The best will be marked 10, next best 9, and
so on. They will then be sent to R. L. Taylor,
who will also read and mark the same. He
will then send them to N. E. France, who will
also mark them. The articles receiving the
highest markings in the aggregate, will be
used and their authors paid $5.00 each. Every-
body is invited to contribute. No limit to the
number of articles each person may send in.
Perhaps 30 or more articles will be used.

Please write plainly on one side of the
paper, or, better still, use a typewriter, if pos-
sible. N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.,
W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.,
R. L. Taylor, Lapeer, Mich.,

Comrnitiee.

We hope our readers will accept the above
invitation, and thus help the committee as
well as themselves. The proposed advertis-
ing should help all producers of honey,
although only a few people contributed to the
fund of a little over gl400. But, perhaps,
others will be glad to add to the fund by
making donations to it from time to time.
We suppose the committee would not object
to this.

Preparing for Honey Advertising. —

The committee appointed to advertise honey,
and thus use the fund raised for such purpose
by the Honey-Producers' League, send this
for publication :

Articles Wanted by the Committee on
Advertising Honey.

The $1408.27 raised by the Honey-Producers'
League has been turned over to the National
Association, and a committee appointed to
spend that money in advertising honey and
otherwise advancing its sales.

The first plan to be put into operation will
be that of publishing in the general press,
short articles setting forth the healthfulness,
deliciousness, purity and desirability of honey

Andrew D. Prtal.
(See next page)

Mar. 14, 1907

207

American IB^e Journal

'eeiaomites^

is:

ANDREW U. PRYAL

Among the few remaining bee-l<eeper6 of
California may bo named Andrew D. Pryal, of
Oakland. He was born, as it were, one of
Nature's noblemen. His earliest recollections
were those of the trees, flowers, bees, and
birds when he was a child upon his father's
place in Ireland, where his father conducted
the Crowbill Nurseries, in County Mayo, and
there the son learned the business which he
has followed the greater portion of his life.
Owing to the harshness of the then land-
laws of that land, coupled with the failure of
crops, the father lost his holdings, and he and
his family removed to England. There the
younger Pryal worked as a landscape gar-
dener most of the time, or until he came to
America. For several years he lived in Ala-
bama and Louisiana. In 1854 he went to
California, where he has since resided.

He was not long in that State before he
recognized the fact that gardening and horti-
culture offered great possibilities for the tiller
of the soil in those directions. So he never
" went to the mines," as nearly every early
Californian did. He soon had a garden in
San Francisco, where, in addition to raising
plants, shrubs, flowers and strawberries, he
also tended a patch of vegetables. In those
days it was no uncommon thing to sell a rose-
bush for the sum of $10, and other plants in
like proportion.

Mr. Pryal held the first plant and tree auc-
tion that was held in San Francisco, and it is
needless to say that the financial returns were
quite satisfactory. His nursery was near
what was then called " Russ's Garden," in the
neighborhood of 6th and Folsom streets. Just
after the big fire of last April, Mr. P. re-
marked that he "saw San Francisco almost
houseless when he came there in the early
days, and he had lived to see it practically
houseless again, after it had a half-century of
remarkable growth." Recently he made sev-
eral visits to that city, and he was struck with
the rapidity with which it is being rebuilt,
and he called it the " old California pluck "
that was again exerting itself.

After marrying, he assumed charge of the
" Mission" gardens, at Mission San Jose, in
Alameda county, the oldest in the vicinity of
San Francisco. From there he was called to
superintend the planting of some of the
largest vineyards and orchards in the cele-
brated Napa Valley. Being a friend of United
States Senator Gwin, that gentleman had him
look after one of his big holdings in what is
now almost in the center of Oakland. When
the war broke out, the Senator wanted Mr.
Pryal to purchase the property — something
over 160 acres — but owing to its closeness to
the bay, and, consequently the climate being
more or less cold (he was then slightly sub-
ject to rheumatism), he decided not do so.
He, however, purchased from the same person
a small tract of land 4 miles further north,
and lying close up to the foot-hills, which
has been the family home ever since. There
the climate is almost perfect. It is considered
one of the prettiest spots, naturally, in the
country, and it has been improved by judic-
ious planting and cultivation. There Mr.
Pryal conducted his nursery business and
horticultural pursuits. He loved to experi-
ment, and he has the honor of being the first
person in the State to raise new varieties of
fruits and vegetables, and this long before
Luther Burbank became a resident of that

stair. In fact, he sold the latter, in the '70's,
some of the trees that he (Burbank) used to
help him in his experiments. One of Mr. P.'s
worriments during his present illness, is that
he can not get out and superintend the plant-
ing of a field to a new variety of potato of his
originating, that he lays great store upon.

For years he has been a prominent citizen
of his county. He held a position as member
of the Horticultural Commission Board of
Alameda for 31 years— the longest period any
one man has held the office in that county.
Then he was a member of the Oakland Board
of Trade for several terms.

Mr. Pryal's wife, who died in December,
1896, was an estimable lady, and was the
mother of 9 children, all of whom grew to
manhood and womanhood, though 2 sons and
2 daughters are deceased. Those, as well as
the remaining 3 sons and 2 daughters, attained
to more or less prominence in their several
callings. The parents gave them, in addition
to a public school training, a Christian educa-
tion— an inheritance they haVe reason to be
thankful for.

It was in 1865 that Mr. Pryal secured his
first bees— some 10 colonies in movable-frame
hives. This apiary is in existence to-day, and
it is probably the only apiary that has been
continuously kept in one place for so long a

period in California. Since 1876 the bees have
been the care of his oldest son (W. A.), who
has considerable reputation as a bee-keeper.

In I8(!6, .Mr. Pryal was one of the trustees
of the district school of which Albert J. King,
an authority on bees, was teacher. .Mr. King
was afterwards publisher and editor of the
Bee-Keepers' Magazine. The senior Mr.
Pryal never claimed to be an expert in bee-
matters — he was more of a student of insect
life injurious to the plants, trees and vegeta-
bles of the Golden State.

Few Californians have rounded out a more
honorable and useful life than has the subject
of this sketch, who Is now well passed the
allotted three score and ten. and it Is to be
hoped that he will be restored to health and
live as long as, or longer than, his father, who
was over 90 years of age when he died.

The subject of the foregoing interesting
sketch is the father of Mr. W. A. Pryal, who
"reflects "on bees occasionally, the first In-
stallment of which appears in this issue of
the American Bee Journal.

" W. A." was in Chicago during the
Columbian Exposition, in 1893, when we bad
the rare privilege of making his acquaintance,
which has grown into a prized friendship dur-
ing the passing years, although over 2000 miles
lies between us. He is an entertaining writer,
which, with his bee-keeping experience and
large familiarity with things apiarian in gen-
eral, make him one of the best contributors a
bee-paper can have.

The Chicago-Northwestern ConTen-
tion Photograph was taken Dec. 6, 1906.
which was very good indeed. Price, post-
paid, in mailing tube, 60 cents. Send orders
to the office of the American Bee Journal,
and we will see that the pictures are mailed.

eonfribufedl
Articled i

The Production of Comb
Honey

BY ALLEN LATHAM.

A correspondent has requested that
I write an article for the American Bee
Journal describing the hive I use and
the plan I follow in producing comb
honey. Now it so happens that I do not
depend upon my bees for a livelihood,
my work with the bees being my avo-
cation, and thus it follows that my plan
and plans are forever undergoing a
shake-up due to my love for experi-
menting. Also my profession — teaching
— has occasioned more or less moving
about, so that I have had to vary my
methods to suit the varying local condi-
tions. IMy method which I followed so
successfully in the home of my youth
proves impracticable where I now live.
In this article I can give in a general
way only the practice which I follow,
and in doing tliis I fully realize that it
is the plan generally followed by suc-
cessful apiarists, and that I shall offer

nothing new of great importance.

As to describing my hive: I hesi-
tate, for space would scarcely allow a
complete description, and without a
complete description I could not do jus-
tice to the hive which I now use. Per-
mit me therefore to state briefly that
my hive is one of my own make, in
many particulars like the hive I des-
scribed in these columns somewhat over
a year ago. It is double-walled, air-
spaced, frames closed-end and hanging
crosswise. The hive is set perfectly
level, the inner bottom sloping to the
front so that space under the front
frames is an inch or more deep. The
entrance is about one inch deep and
full width of hive. T use ii frames,
inside measure ioxi2 inches, the fol^
lower at the rear held by two st'
springs. The super is of such size a.
to take in a section-case holding 24
plain 4 1-4 sections, or 28 7-to- the-foot
sections. Fence separators are used
with the plain sections, and no separa-
tors with the other sort except on the
outside rows. This latter device — sec-

208

Mar. 14, 1907

American He^ Journal

tions all solid with fence separator at
each side between sections and side-wall
of section-case — I tried during the last
season with highly gratifying results,
there being no sections but what would
readih" sell in the home market, and
most of them would easily do to ship
to distant market.

I have always made use of and advo-
cated double supers, that is, an outer
super-shell with separate case of sec-
tions to set within. This method gives
much better results in comb honey pro-
duction than can be got in single-walled
supers. Formerly I practised letting the
bees have access to space between the
case and outer shell, but I now exclude
the bees from that space.

I rarely wait till the bees begin to
whiten the combs before putting on sup-
ers. If I did I should be bothered by
swarming more than I am. I put on
supers of sections in spring just as soon
as I see "graduating nurse-bees"
crowding into the space back of the
follower, regardless of whether there is
a honey-flow or not. This first super
is usually well supplied with bait-sec-
tions, and often continues to be a bait-
section case throughout the season.

If this case gets filled with good
honey — big IF here — I remove it early ;
but as it is usually filled with a mix-
ture of inferior honey and honey-dew
in this locality, I leave it on as the /o>
super till late in the season.

The bees generally take immediate
possession of this first super and the
hive is thus relieved of crowding. If
the honey comes I do not allow the
bees to crowd this case full — at the
jeopardy of a crowded brood-nest and
of swarming — but I early insert between
it and the brood-chamber another supei
of new sections with full sheets of
foundation. If the season continues
good a third case is inserted. Whether
this third case goes between the two
cases already on the hive, or between
the second case and the brood-chamber,
is a matter to be decided by the condi-
tion of things about each particular
colony, and also by the character of
the flow and its duration. If the sec-
ond super is nearly completed I some-
times raise both supers, and if the sec-
ond super is only half-filled I insert
a third case between the two.

This brings about the completion of
the second super before the need of a
fourth super comes ; and upon the re-
moval of the second super, the first and
third supers become the first and sec-
ond, the fourth being treated as a new
third super. Number i, as will be seen,
is sacrificed for the good of the others.
Bees will rarely swarm if this top super
is filled, or nearly filled, with sealed
honey, and between it and the brood-
chamber stands a super of empty sec-
tions. I would not convey the idea thai
the top-super is a total loss. Far, from
it, for if edible the honey is not hurt
by its long stay at the top, and if un-
edible the poor grade of honey has been
paying good interest by checking
swarming.

It will be noted that my plan is to
keep the bees lifting all honey to the
supers, clearing constantly the brood-
combs for the use of the queen.

This plan has worked well with me

where there is an early flow with a
more or less continuous flow till late
in June. In Jul}-, when my best flow
occurs, I plan, before the flow begins,
to have 2 fresh supers ready for each
colony. Bees almost never swarm with
me during this flow from the sumac,
and will fill supers whether they be nexv
to the brood-chamber or away at the
top of the tiered supers, provided the
flow is of sufficient duration. By this
time of the season the economic condi-
tion of the average colony is such that
the swarming impulse but rarely comes
into existence — only in the case of colo-
nies that have "come on late" does it
occur.

This method leaves me at the end of
the season with a super from each col-
ony which is often of poorly finished
and inferior honey, sections badly pro-
polized and not infrequently many un-
capped corners with empty cells, but
since I am troubled little by swarming,
and since I usually get besides this in-
ferior case from 2 to 4 other cases of
fair to excellent sections, I willingly
make the sacrifice.

I spoke above of using 7-to-the-foot
sections without separators other than
next the outer rows. This plan gives
good results only when such supers are
inserted between super and brood-
chamber, and onl}' when bees are so
plentiful that they take possession of all
the 28 sections at one time. Beginning
work in the sections simultaneously they
will, since the hive is level, make all
combs meet half-way even without sep-
arators. As far as I can see, I can get
28 sections thus just as easily as I get
24 with fence separators, and the work
in preparing the sections is somewhat
less. Bottom-starters must always be
used in case separators are dispensed
with.

I feel somewhat guilty in offering this
article, and do so only because I have
been asked. I shall during the coming
season employ a radically different
method, but since it has not been thor-
oughly put to the test I will not offer
it here. In a general way the plan out-
lined here is what I have followed with
slight variations for a score of years.

Norwich, Conn.

Number of Colonies for the
Pasture

BY E. F. ATVVATEK.

Dr. Miller's reply to "Utah," page 114,
(the question being, "My bees have at
least 300 acres of clover and alfafa
within 2 miles. How many colonies can
I pasture to be safe?") arouses my in-
terest. Surely the nectar-producing
qualities of plants must vary greatly in
different regions. If Dr. Miller is cor-
rect, that 200 colonies might do well on
300 acres of white clover — if it yields
— I would add : We have moved all
our yards that were between Meridian
and Boise, considering the country un-
fitted for profitable bee-keeping, yet this
"tabbooed" district is simply grand for
spring breeding, and hundreds, or even
thousands, of acres of as fine white clov-
er as one could wish, are covered with a
mass of bloom during part of May, of-

ten all of June, with more or less bloom
for many weeks later. The bees work
on it quite industriously, but, as a rule
the crops are very light. Through thai
district there is but little alfalfa— our
great source of nectar.

Having spent 6 years here, the sea-
son of 1906 was the first in which
white clover gave a good account of
itself. Bees in any of our abandoned
locations would have done well. I
think that irrigation and cool nights
are unfavorable to the secretion of nec-
tar in the white clover bloom, as a
general rule. Probably "Utah's" con-
ditions are somewhat similar to those
here. If he means that much of that
300 acres is sweet clover, even 10 per-
cent of it, and he is so fortunate as to
live where that plant yields abundant-
ly, then he might be able to keep 300
or more colonies in one yard, if the
alfalfa has also the habit of yielding
abundantly.

Alfalfa certainly is a far more near-
ly constant source of profitable crops
in the arid West than is white cTover,
but I should be seriously discouraged
if only 300 acres were within easy rang*
of an apiary. I have seen that much cut
before it was of any value to bees, near
some yards. If there is 1000 acres o«
more within 2 miles, some of it is usual-
ly allowed to bloom. Sometimes some-
thing delays one rancher, sometimes an-
other. One year a tenant may cut early,
another year another tenant may have
different views and cut later.

I have in mind a range that I have
never considered above the average
good locality. Just such a range as you
or I might risk 100 colonies' on. A bee-
keeper occupied it with 400 colonies in
one yard, and has always averaged a
fair crop, compared with other yards
around him. In a season when no one
else within a good many miles got any
comb honey, he took 100 cases. Not
because of the big apiary, but he had a
little spurt of nectar and was prepared
for it. Some of my own yards did noi
have even that little flow, though only
6 1-2 to 12 miles away. The subject
of over-stocking is one of which we
know but little.

Meridian, Idaho.

Something More on Hive-
Making

BY G. C. GREINER.

As much as I dislike jangles and
snappy disputes in publications that are
intended to help our fellowmen in their
undertakings, I find it sometimes neces-
sary to correct and explain things when
our arguments are misunderstood or
misrepresented. The general trend of
Mr. Bevins' article, on page 128, is
plain evidence that we do not see things
alike, and this from the simple fact that
he takes his views from a very different
standpoint from which mine are taken.

I did not mean to say that we could
not make bee-hives out of all miscel-
laneous material. Of course we can,
if we have no eye for improvements and
up-to-date surroundings, and if we havs
plenty of time that we can not utilize
to better advantage. From a financial

Mar. 14, 1907

209

Americar Hee Journal^^^^^^^n

standpoint we can not do it. If I havt
to belittle my own ability to bring out
facts, belittle it is. I would not mislead
the ine.xperienced for the sake of keep-
ing or building up a mechanical reputa-
tion. At the high rate of wages paid
at the present time for intelligent labor,
a mechanic's time is too valuable to
spend it making hives out of hap-hazard
material, and if the person who under-
takes it is no mechanic, he would bet-
tera let the job alone, anyhow.

One of the most astonishing points in
Mr. Bevins' argument is this : "A few
shades difference between the thickness
of lumber cuts no figure." In his way
of looking at it, it may not; in mine, it
cuts a big figure. The variation of a
few shades in thickness would com-
pletely upset all our plans and calcula-
tions. A few shades difference in the
thickness of the en<l-pieces would nec-
essitate a few shades difference in the
length of sides, and a few shades dif-
ference in the thickness of sides would
necessitate a few shades difference in
the length of cleats and cover-end-
pieces, and so it would go all along in-
definitely.

Reasonable accuracy does not amount
to anrthing if we expect to do syste-
matic work on a paying basis. We must
have accuracy as close as mechanical
skill can produce it ; nothing short of
that will insure uniformity in our out-
fits. And vi-hilst we are speaking ot
accuracy, I wish to tell Mr. Bevins,
that neither he nor any other person can
cut one single hive-body end-piece as
true as machine-work, or, as is neces-
sary to put up hives in workmanlike
manner.

In regard to time, the difference is
still more strjk-ing. By the time he has
bis material for one single piece picked
out, measured, and marked off, ready
to use his handsaw, dozens can be cut
by machinery, and before he ever gets
the first piece cut. another dozen can be
dropped. Where, then, is our gain, the
"saving of much money," if we have to
make many hives? It is right the other
way: The more hives we have to make,
the less we can afford to tinker with a
lot of rubbish. Then there is so much
other work, such as ripping, rabbeting,
matching, tenoning, etc., that can not
only be done so much faster, but incom-
parably better than handwork.

When we started bee-keepmg some 30
years ago, we decided on 3-4 inch (1
wished we had made it 7-8) for all
thick hive-material except bottoms,
which we made 7-8 mch. After mak-
ing hives for a number of years, we
had sorted out a lot of 3-4-inch lumber
that w-as not adapted for hive-bodies or
supers. To dispose of it to the best
advantage, we decided, contrary to our
established plan of uniformity, to use
the same for bottoms. As long as we
wintered bees in the cellars, this dif-
ference in thickness cut no figure, as
Mr. B. says; but late years, since we
are wintering bees in chaff-packed cases
on the summer-stands, this little varia-
tion has caused quite an amount of
trouble, and I regret that that change
was ever made. The flight-holes don't
come right. When packing for winter,
I have to watch everv hive to see wheth-

er the bottom is 3-4 or 7-8 inch thick,
and make allow.nices accordingly. Uni-
formity in cvrrv particular will save
us, soon or later, annoyances of a simi-
lar nature.

To cut the m.Ttter short, although it
may be a repetition, I will give my views
and advice in a nut-shell : Any mechan-
ically inclined bee-keeper, who has ac-
cess to the necessary machinery and
can conveniently procure the material,
can do well getting out his own hives
and appliances. Otherwise, if he wishes
to make use of his mechanical skill, it
would be more profitable to order his
supplies in the flat from one of our re-
gular supply-manufacturers, and do his
own nailing, painting, wiring, etc. — in
short, do all the rest. If the stock de-
sired should be different from any regu-
lar standard goods, then make out a
list with exact description of shape and

dimensions and send it to the firm you
wish to patronize. You'll be surprised
how close tluy will come to your meas-
urement, to say nothing of the fine
quality of their goods. It is a pleasure
to work them up. This is my experi-
ence.

Outside of shipping-cases, there is
only one part of our outfit — the hive-
stand — that can be made out of box-
lumber to any advantage and make rea-
sonable accur.icy answer. But by no
means take it that they can be "thrown
together." The better they are made,
the less annoyances later on. Our leis-
ure hours can be profitably utilized by
building a few now and then, but it is
the same with stands, and shipping-
cases, too, as with all the rest — if we
have to make many, the saw^-table is the
place to get out the stuff.

LaSalle, N. Y.

VA'

(Convention
l^roceedinds

Convention of Bee-Keepers'
Associations at Brantford

REPORTED BY J. L. BYER.

(Continued from pa^e 190 }

Thursday Morning Session.

The convention was addressed by Mr.
P. W. Hodgetts, Secretary of the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association, as fol-
lows :

IMPROVINQ THE BEE-KEEPINQ
INDUSTRY

Since accepting the position of Sec-
retary of the Provincial Bee-keepers'
Association last fall I have been look-
ing over your reports for the past 15
years. I have done this with the idea
of finding out if possible just what you
have been doing in the past, and what
your aims are for the future. In 1895
I find that you had thirteen affiliated as-
sociations. In 1905, ten years later, eleven
associations. In the years between the
number varied from nine to twelve. In
this respect j'our experience seerns to
hare been very similar to that of the
Fruit-growers' .Association with which
I have been more closely connected. I
want therefore to tell you a little of
what they have done in the past, and
what they are striving to do at present.

The Ontario Fruit-growers' Associa-
tion has now been in existence some
forty-seven years and is, therefore,
somewhat older than the Bee-keepers'
Association. For about thirty or thirty-
five years the association devoted the
greater part of its time to the considera-
tion of questions which are called pure-
ly educational. Such, for instance, as
"Best Varieties for Planting," "Care of

the Orchard," "Pruning," etc. It seemed
as if the officers had got into this rut,
if I may call it so, and were content to
stay there. However, about ten years
ago one of their most enterprising di-
rectors suggested that associations
should be formed in various parts of the
Province in afliiliation with the Ontario
association.

As the Provincial association was do-
ing considerable work among amateur
horticulturists, the first organization
w'ork was carried on among the horti-
cultural societies in the cities and towns,
with the result that the membership
jumped to something over 5,000. The
majority of these were, of course, ama-
teur horticulturists only. Following
this movement, it was suggested that
local fruit-growers' associations should
be formed in the larger apple-growing
centers of the Province. Active canvas-
sing was carried on, organizers sent out
to attend a series of orchard meetings
and with such gratifying results that
some forty associations were formed,
with a membership of almost 700. A
constitution was drawn up by the Pro-
vincial association for the guidance of
these local fruit-growers' associations,
and the objects named there were also
purely educational. With the forma-
tion of these two sets of affiliated as-
sociations and societies, the work of the
Provincial association seemed to have
assumed very great proportions, and the
directors and officers were congratulat-
ing themselves on the success of both
these movements.

Two years later, one would hardly
have recognized the Provincial associa-
tion. The horticultural societies had
broken away, and the majority of the
fruit-growers' associations had gone out

210

American ^ae Journal

Mar. 14, 1907

of existence. The reasons were not
hard to find. In regard to the latter,
which were organized among purely
professional fruit-growers, there was
nothing to hold them together. The
enthusiasm instilled in them by the or-
ganizer brought them to the meetings
for perhaps the first year, but after-
wards they were content to stay at home
and obtain such information from the
horticultural publications. The trouble
with the horticultural societies was
somewhat different. They claimed that
it was impossible for them to receive
full justice from a board of directors
who were largely professional fruit-
growers.

The directors of the Provincial asso-
ciation at their next annual meeting dis-
cussed the matter thoroughly, and, while
not discouraged, decided to proceed
more cautiously, and along sounder lines
than they had been working in the
past. It was discovered that there were
in existence in the Province a few fruit-
growers' associations, so-called, that had
been working along commercial lines
for a number of years with considerable
success. Mention was also made of the
formation of a number of such asso-
ciations in Ohio and New York States,
which had for their main object the
better packing and shipping of the fruit
grown by their members. As much in-
formation as possible was obtained in
regard to this work, and at the annual
meeting at Leamington, 1903, a manager
of one of the largest of these associa-
tions in Ohio addressed the convention
on the so-called co-operative movement
among fruit-growers. One of his main
contentions was that to hold fruit-grow-
ers together, or, in fact, any class of
farmers, it was necessary to show them
that it would mean more money in their
pockets by joining an association. At
the close of this convention a special
committee of the Ontario association
was appointed to undertake the forma-
tion of co-operative fruit shipping as-
sociations throughout the Province.

This work has now been carried on
for three years, with the result that
there were last year over twenty strong
associations in existence throughout the
Province, and the probability is that this
number will be doubled during the pres-
ent year. Every association reports that
instead of having trouble in getting
members they have had to turn great
numbers away. The success of the
movement, of course, lies in the fact
that, where in former years farmer*
had been compelled to accept almost
nothing for the product of their orchards,
or in many cases had allowed it to rot
on the ground during the last three
years they have been receiving very
handsome profits from the area in fruit.
In some cases the profits have been so
very high as compared with past
methods that we have kept them quiet
for fear of inducing too many to rush
into the co-operative packing and ship-
ping without proper leadership.

You may say that we have not yet
accomplished our end, as these associa-
tions are purely commercial. Such is
not the case, however, as almost every
one of them has one or more meetings
during the year, at which addresses are

delivered on purely educational topics.
In addition to this the profits from the
orchards have so pleased the owners
that they have begun to pay attention
to the various educational matters in
connection with the orchard, such as
pruning, cultivation, use of clover, crops,
etc. In addition to this, the by-laws
of many of the associations compel the
growers of the fruit to practice better
methods of pruning and spraying, and
in this way the interest of the farmer
is increased on subjects which in former
years he paid no attention to what-
ever.

The formation of these commercial
associations has worked a wonderful
change in the aims and methods of the
Provincial association. The programme
for its annual meeting is now arranged
with a view to promoting the welfare
of these associations in every way. An
opportunity is given to each of them to
report on the year's work, prominent
authorities on all subjects relating to
the packing, marketing, etc., are brought
to deliver addresses. The subject of
transportation, instead of being a small
issue, as in former years, is now one of
the leading topics at the meeting, and
the strongest committee appointed is one
dealing with matters affecting the trans-
portation of the fruit crop.

The sum and substance of this mat-
ter from our experience is that some
commercial aim seems necessary to get
the farmers together and to hold their
interest. Along with such commercial
idea, there is no trouble in working in
educational matter.

I have noticed in your annual reports
that from time to time considerable
discussion has arisen as to whether it
is advisable to form too many of these
associations or to increase your mem-
bership beyond its present members.
The fear has been that production will
increase to such an extent as to flood
the market and lower prices. The same
might have been said in regard to the
fruit situation five years ago. The On-
tario markets were evidently taking
about all that they could handle, and
no other markets seemed available for
anything except perhaps our apple crop.
It was pointed out, however, that large
quantities of fruit were going into our
Northwest Provinces from the United
States. The Ontario men seemed to be
lax in their method of handling the
fruit, so that the west would not touch
our fruit in any considerable quantity.
This, however, has been remedied by
the organization of local associations,
and, where from one point two years
ago one carload of fruit was sent to
the west, the past season 60 carloads
were shipped into Winnipeg for distri-
bution throughout the Provinces of
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
In regard to the apple markets, as
soon as it was known that our fruit
could be purchased in quantities and of
even quality, the larger apple firms in
Great Britain and France sent their buy-
ers direct to Ontario, with the result
that most of last season's crop has been
bought f. o. b. here. Under the old
system the fruit was gathered together
by the packers right from the orchard
and sent on consignment to the Euro-

pean markets, with very unsatisfactory
results in most cases. A great deal of
fruit was wasted in the orchards in
many cases and fruit after being bar-
relled was exposed to all kinds of weath-
er conditions before being placed on
board cars, and even then did not re-
ceive proper attention en route to the
places of destination. Now this has
all been changed. The fruit is packed
at the proper season, hauled into cen-
tral packing houses, where it is proper-
ly graded and packed by the one set of
experienced men. The purchaser now
knows that he can depend on getting
exactly what he desires, and, as the re-
putation of the firm is at stake there
is very little chance for dissatisfaction
from either party.

(Continued next week.)

Report of the Kansas Con-
vention

The 4th Annual Meeting of the Kan-
sas State Bee-Keepers' Association was
held in Topeka, Dec. 27 and 28, 1906.
At 2 :30 p. m. Pres. Dr. G. Bohrer
called the meeting to order. The min-
utes of the previous year's meeting were
read by the Secretary and afterward ap-
proved.

Pres. Bohrer appointed the following
committee on amendments to the Con-
stitution : E. Davidson, J. D. Smith,
and J. J. Measer. They recommended
that the office of treasurer be abolished,
and that the secretary act as treasurer.
At the evening session C. P. Dadant,
of Illinois, read a very instructive paper
in "Bee-Culture vs. Horticulture," show-
ing the importance of bees in the polli-
nation of fruit-growing.

[See page 109 for this paper. — Ed.]
The present foul brood law was dis-
cussed, and it was unanimously agreed
that it was deficient as a measure to
stamp out the disease. Pres. Bohrer
appointed the following committee to
secure necessary amendments : O. A.
Keene, J. J. Measer, and E. W. Dun-
ham. It was thought that the law
should allow the bee-inspector at least
$3.00 per day instead of $2.00 as it now
reads, and to have the power to go in-
to any adjoining county if necessary
where there is no inspector, should a
case of foul brood or any other bee-
disease appear that is of dangerous
character.

Another change should be in the num-
ber of signatures to a petition, which
should be redrced from 25 to 5, as many
a county could not secure 25 bee-keep-
ers to sign a petition; and if there were
only a few, and foul brood be en-
trenched, it would soon become un-
manageable. For this reason, only 5
signatures on a petition is asked.

The second day's session was called
to order by Pres. Bohrer at 10 a. m.
It was voted to hold the next meeting
at Hutchinson during the week of the
State Fair.

The following officers were elected for
the ensuing year : President, Dr. G.
Bohrer, of Lyons; Vice-President, E.
W. Dunham, of Topeka; Secretary and
Treasurer, O. A. Keene, of Topeka.
Several questions of interest were

Mar. 14, 1907

211

American Vae Journal

^^^^^^3

discussed by those present, and Mr. J. S.
Young explained liis system of queen-
rearing. It was voted to ask the State
for an appropriation for a Pure-Queen
Breeding Station at the College at Man-
hattan. Pres. Bohrer appointed Dr. H.
A. Warner and O. A. Kecne to investi-
gate the matter.

At 7 :30 p. m., a banquet for all the
members of the .'\ssociation was given
at the National Hotel, after which an-

other session was held, during which
many important questions were dis-
cussed.

This was the largest and most in-
structive meeting ever held by the As-
sociation. It is hoped that there may be
even a larger attendance at the next
meeting, which, as above mentioned, is
to be held at Hutchinson during the
State Fair.

O. A. Keene, Sec.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Some Practical Uses of Honey

Some time ago Miss Wilson requested
that the sisters give some practical
uses for honey. Ever since then I
have had it in my mind to comply with
said request to the best of my ability,
but have kept putting it off uutil a
more convenient season — until now, the
convenient season having arrived, I
will drop a few suggestions right here
before the subject further eludes me.

Sisters, do you have " Boston baked
beans " of your own manufacture at
your homes? If so, try the use of
honey in place of molasses. /?^-licious !

Quite a variation of coatings used in
the making of cakes may be obtained
by wholly or partially substituting
honey for the amount of sugar re-
quired. Personally, I prefer a partial
substitution.

The use of honey in the manufacture
of home-made candies renders them
more palatable, and adds greatly to the
keeping qualities of all kinds, which
are inclined to harden rapidly. Cookies
also retain their moisture, and remain
soft and of apparent freshness much
longer when honey is used in their
make-up.

In the use of honey in cooking one
must be guarded in reference to burn-
ing, as it burns more easily than sugar,
and a double boiler or similar arrange-
ment comes into play nicely.

We see honey-cured meats advertised
as something superior. (Indeed, when
did we ever hear of anything which
had the most remote connection with
honey, advertised as of any quality ex-
cept superior, from the expression,
"The land which floweth with milk
and honey," an expression indicative
of all sufficiency, down the whole pro-
cession 7) As I said, these meats are
pronounced superior, but as honey is
so easily converted into vinegar, I have
never ventured along this line, but in
cooking meats I have added a little
honey with appreciative results.

I am satisfied that the chief reason
that honey is not more generally used
in cookery, lies not in that it fails to

be an improvement, but that it is gen-
erally conceded to be too delicate a
luxury for so common a use.

The use of honey instead of sugar
doubles the value of any cough syrup,
and the family having access to honey
in plenty that can not concoct cough
syrups equal, or superior, to those
found on sale is indeed in straits. The
foundation of these may be a decoction
of any herb or herbs of known value,
with honey added to the strained liquor
to form a syrup. One of the most sim-
ple is to boil 3 medium-sized potatoes
(with their jackets on), and when done
remove and pour into the potato water
yi cupful of honey. Strain, and drink
while hot. This preparation m^ay be
varied by the addition of anything you
know to have been beneficial to your-
self or to any of your friends.

Lemon-juice, flax-seed tea, or the
two together, flavored and sweetened
with honey, are great aids in the way
of alleviation and prolonging life in
the case of consumption.

A raw egg beaten in a pint cup, and
the cup filled with hot water, sweet-
ened liberally with honey, furnishes
both nourishment and medicine in case
of colds.

I am forcibly reminded of "carrying
coals to Newcastle," when I see a bee-
keeper coming out of a drugstore with
a bottle of world-wide heralded " honey
and tar," or " hoarhound, honey and
tar," and I can scarcely further ana-
lyze my feelings more than to say they
are a queer mixture of downright sym-
pathy, not unalloyed, because, as I said
before, mixed with vain regrets over
the short-sightedness of some people,
and vain attempts to repress my risi-
bilities altogether when the ridiculous
point of view looms up. Just to think
people will do such tricks to the amuse-
ment of even the clerk who makes the
sale, when an equally efficient remedy
might be had at home, by the use of
his own unadulterated honey, and
hoarhound of his own raising, and
that, too, almost without price. But
he will tell you there are other ingre-
dients in world-renowned cough reme-

dies which are not, and can not be,
produced on the farm, or within the
bee-yard. What of it ? A few cents
worth of the products of the apiary
will secure them at a much cheaper
rate than when bought already com-
pounded.

Many families eat honey daily as a
preventive of colds, and claim its use
renders them almost exempt.

How many sisters know that the use
of honey in the water used for toilet
purposes prevents and cures chapped
hands, keeping the cuticle soft and
free from dryness, so that it is of
almost a satin finish ? Honey, almond
meal, and lemon-juice, form a fine
complexion paste. In fact, honey forms
an important factor in all emollients.
A little each of honey and flour mixed
together, and spread on cloth, applied
to boils and similar afflictions, will
soon number their days.

Beeswax is a controlling ingredient
in many of the most popular salves
that have been placed on the market.

I think I now have about performed
my duty relating to this subject ; and
if I have failed to enumerate some of
the pet uses of honey with the other
sisters, let them make it known.

This is one way to advertise our
products, and if all keep their mouths
shut, as if it were a sin to herald the
value of our commodities, while every
other class of people put forward not
only claims which can be depended
upon, but some which are largely im-
aginary, we can but expect they will
be kept hustling while we stand with
our hands in our pockets, as it were,
and " nothin' doin'."

In this connection the Pure Food
Law will no doubt aid greatly. Dealers
are only too glad to buy of the pro-
ducer, fearing the effects that have so
generally borne upon honey that
passed through several hands in the
past. This tends to cut off the career
of the artificial product and make cor-
responding room for the natural. The
new Law will do more for our industry
than acting as a good salesman, in the
way of compelling bee-keepers them-
selves to look to the condition and
quality of their honey. The publishers
of Gleanings took the trouble to inter-
view two of our leading dealers as to
its effect on honey sales. R. A. Bur-
nett concluded his answer with this
sentence : " If the bee-keepers will let
their honey ripen before taking it off^
the hives, it will do more than any law
passed in furthering its consumption."

Truth, if ever it was uttered; but is
it not humiliating, that we must be re-
minded there are those among us who
are so careless, thoughtless, or dishon-
est, as to offer such inferior honey ?

How long would we ourselves patron-
ize an institution that would insult us
by offering us fermented or sour food
of any kind? If not already in this-
latter condition, no one knows better
than a bee-keeper how quickly unripe
honey will reach this stage. How fre-
quently we meet with those who dare
not touch honey, and many times I
have thought the trouble from which
they claimed they sufl'ered might have
been caused by unripe honey.

One of my best customers, at one
time, could not be prevailed upon to
taste honey, but once his scruples had

Mar. 14, 1907

American Hee Journal

been overcome, 1 succeeded in getting
him to make one more test, which
was followed by no bad effects ; he
ever after bought of me all of his
honey, of which he was inordinately
fond, and hesitated not to discard all
other.

Now, why should honey from my
apiary be innocent of harm, or after-
effects, and that from others guilty ?
There could not possibly have been
any difference except that between un-
ripe and Tvell cured honey. The honey
partaken of was all in the extracted
form. Had comb honey been used in
one case, and extracted in the other,
one would naturally conclude that the
wax probably produced the distress.

As to unripe honey. Gleanings has
this to say :

"The suggestion of Mr. Burnett is a very
good one, especially as unripe honey on the
market will suggest adulteration even if it

does not make the producer of it actually
liable under the new law. We should be a
little fearful, at least, that some chemist
would declare some unripe honey as adulter-
ated, and it might be very diflicult tor the
producer to prove his ionocenoe of the charge.
All bee-keepers, therefore, had better err on
the safe side by seeing to it that all honey
shipped from their yards is thoroughly ripened,
with a good body and first-class flavor for the
kind of honey sold.

" It is well to remember that the United
States standard for honey allows only 25 per-
cent of water, and any in excess of this
would certainly be construed as an adultera-
tion. Producers generally should ' paste this
in their hats.' "

So it is evident that if we are in-
clined to be the least dishonest. Uncle
Sam will be right after us ; and as to
being careless, we may awake to the
fact that there is in existence such a
thing as criminal carelessness.

Miami, Mo. Mary E. Null.

r^

southern

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Making' Increase for Out-Api-
aries

A bee-keeper wishes to make sufii-
cient increase to start an out-apiary,
and wishes to know how to proceed,
€ven if he does not get a crop of honey
at the out-apiary the first season. At
the home-apiary he has about as many
colonies as he wants to keep at that
place, with perhaps a dozen weak col-
onies he thinks " not worth consider-
ing."

Having started out-yards with these
same conditions, I will tell of two ways
in which to make the increase, the
weak colonies " not worth considering "
playing a great part in each of these.

The time of our main honey-flow
must be considered. If it comes early
in the season, all colonies for surplus
storing must be built up to populous
colonies in time for this flow. Hence,
it will be seen that there is not much
time in which colonies can be built up ;
and bearing this in mind we plan mak-
ing the increase for the new yard ac-
cordingly.

The " dozen weak colonies not worth
considering" are the very ones that
are '• considered " in this case. While
the strong colonies are left on the old
place, and gotten in readiness for the
early flow, the weaklings are taken to
the new location. Here they are fed
on sugar syrup to stimulate them and
build up as rapidly as possible. For
this purpose out-door feeding in a
wholesale way, giving enough syrup
each day to make an artificial flow as
much as possible like a light honey-
flow, works nicely.

The syrup should be fed rather thin,
so the bees will be at work all day, and
less trouble will result from getting a
fracas started which would likely be
caused by feeding thick syrup or
honey. The feeding should be done a
little distance from the apiary, neces-
sitating the bees to carry the feed
home, much as when gotten from the
fields. If fruit-bloom has been on in
addition to the feeding, the bees will
be stimulated the more, besides getting
a supply of natural pollen, which
should otherwise have been supplied
them artificially also.

As soon as brood-rearing has ad-
vanced well enough, and the weather
is favorable, the colonies are increased
by dividing them. If possible, laying
queens should be procured for this first
division, as it is yet too early to rear
good queens. Only a dozen queens
need be bought of some of our South-
ern breeders, who generally carryover
a lot of them through the winter. Out
of these some may prove very good, so
that young queens may be reared from
them for subsequent divisions, if they
are better than any of those already in
the yard.

To divide the colonies, about two-
thirds of the brood — mainly sealed — is
given to the bees on a new stand, since
the old field-bees return to the old
stand. The old queen is left in the
hive on the old stand, while the new
colony — which now contains mostly
young bees, and to which a new queen
is much more easily and safely intro-
duced— receives the new queen. The
entrances of the hives are contracted
by means of grass, weeds or moss,
which is preferable to closing en-

trances with wood or such other ma-
terial, as the bees can easily enlarge
the entrances to the needs of the colo-
nies. To hasten the work feeding is
kept up unless a sufficient honey-flow
is now on.

As soon as these colonies are strong
enough subsequent divisions are made
in the same way, but the queens for
the new divisions may be reared.
Giving laying queens, however, will
hasten the work, and give quicker re-
sults, although the first expense of the
queens may be an important item with
the apiarist. Full frames of comb
foundation should be used to fill up the
hives when dividing, if combs are not
on hand. Thus a good use is made of
the weak colonies, and an out-yard
established which should be in good
shape by the following winter.

If, however, the main honey-flow
comes later in the season, and there is
time in which to build the colonies up
for it, I would proceed so : Now the
strong colonies are used. New hives
are fixed up, one for each colony, and
a bottom-board fastened to the brood-
chamber with the entrance closed with
wire-cloth. Each brood-chamber is
fitted with a division or follower board,
or a full set of frames filled with foun-
dation. From each strong colony now
are drawn 3 combs of brood and honey,
and a lot of bees. These are placed in
one of the prepared hives, and the
cover is securely put on. Frames of
foundation from the prepared hives
are given to the colonies from which
the combs are taken, placing them on
each side of the cluster of the brood-
nest. These colonies will build up in
time for the honey-flow, and there
should be less danger of swarming.

From the weak colonies one or 2
combs should have been taken also,
and placed in each of the prepared
hives, thus making 4 or 5 combs of
brood and honey, with the rest full
sheets of foundation. These are then
at once moved to their location in the
new yard, the hives and entrances
opened, and a laying queen in an in-
troducing cage given to each, when
feeding, to build them up, is resorted
to as in the other case. The division-
boards are used on the outside of the
number of combs covered by the clus-
ter, and is moved outward as fast as
more of the frames of foundation are
given to the bees from outside of the
brood-nest. In this case the colonies
have time to build up strong enough
in both yards, so that a good crop of
surplus honey may be obtained.

Honey a,s a Health- Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for ^1.25;
250 for 12 25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Mar, 14, 1907

213

J^^S^^"'

AnK»rican l^ee Journal

1^

o

The

' Old Reliable " as seen throuph New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

SwBBT Clover

I half believe that Wm. StoUey's
queer sweet clover was a gfenuine sweet
clover, after all. The total absence of
nectar may be a freak, not to be ex-
pected another year. Melilotus is a
new genus split out of Trifolium ; and
there are several Trifoliums that are
annual. Moreover, I think I have read
that there is an annual Melilotus — but
the color, if I remember right, was
blue. Developing a yellow kind out of
a blue one might not be impossible.
Mr. StoUey's testimony, that it looked
right, and especially that it smelled
right, ought to count for considerable.
Page 49.

Hive-Lifting Devices.

At least two needed points in an
ideal super-lifter Grant Stanley did not
talk about. It should hold the hive
proper down as well as lift the supers
up. Moreover (and there's the awful
rub), it should hold the brood-combs
down. In lifting supers by main force
it develops that 2 or 3 of the brood-
combs will hang on and lift also — a
state of things which is very highly to
be reprobated, especially the way they
change their minds and drop oflf after
a bit. And I think, for this one time,
that the wheels Mr. S. has in his head
(or, say mind) are also needful and
proper if the machine is to pay for its
storage-room. Page 49.

Texas Barberry.

The Texas barberry seems to differ
greatly from ours — the bush smaller
and the fruit much larger ; also sweet
enough that it can be eaten. Ours is
available only for preserves ; but pre-
served with sufficient sugar its reputa-
tion is very high. Page 51.

Chemicals in Making Vinegar.

Isn't it rather a novelty to put in
three kinds of chemicals into sweetened
water when you start to make vinegar?
Wonder what object the Arizona wise-
heads have in view in ordering them
in. Guessing while on the run, may-
be they precipitate some things from
the fluid which might otherwise stay
in the vinegar to its detriment. Page
65.

Spiders as Bee-Enemies.

It's rather a new revelation of our
enemy (and friend), the spider, that
Allen Latham gives. He figures out
SO slain bees to the square rod, and

thousands of such square rods within
a range. Pretty serious. I have been
calling the spider my friend, on the
whole, and not much grudging the
occasional bee taken. I still think
that in my locality the loss is not very
great. Still, it may be more than I
have thought. Let's " watch out," and
so know a little more definitely about
it, each for his own corner. Certainly
we are well-wishers to ourspiders, hav-
ing a full diet of young cockroaches
and newly-hatched moth-larvs. That
Kilkenny cat fight between the leaping
spider and the warlike bee was worth
forming a ring around — Spider fatally
bit the bee, and bee fatally stung the
spider. Perhaps we can discriminate
between species — hire the boys to war
on our big and distant enemies, and at
the same time smile on those that are
mainly our friends. Page 68.

to shout for joy. Worth remembering
that honey at bed time is highly recom-
mended for obstinate constipation, and
also for nervous insomnia. Multitudes
of sufferers from the former, and many
from the latter. Thanks to C. P. Da-
danl for his excellent anthology of
that French medical pamphlet. Page
69.

Putting Bees Out and In, In March.

A trifle surprised to hear Doolittle
advising to put bees out in March, and
back again. Guess it's all right,
though. Diiferent teachers likely to
differ some as to Aozt/ >»«c/; uneasiness
is required to justify setting out. Page
67.

Making Bee-Candy.

So beecandy should be stirred after
the time when it is done and taken
from the fire, and on until it gets so
cool that it has to be poured. Less
sticky and less liable to daub the bees
by so doing. Apparently here is a
valuable kink which half of us have
been losing. Page 73.

Value of Honey as a Remedy.

If butter and honey well whipped to-
gether will produce the same medical
effects as cod liver oil, patients ought

Railroads and Lower Freight-
Rates.

We rightly blame the railroads for
many things ; but we can not blame
them for studying their damage bills
with earnest attention and purpose.
No putting any article into cheaper
rates so long as there is a constant
hurrah of damage claims. In other
words, the money received for carrying
honey must pay the transportation and
the bills for damages, too — as no rail-
road proposes to do business except at
a profit. I hope we hear. Page 85.

C^anadian
ISc^Qdom

Conducted Ijy J. L. Btbr, Markham, Ont.

Loss of Queens in Mating

The substance for the following dia-
logue was sent me by a friend, with
the request that I " fix it up " for Cana-
dian Beedom. In so far as I have been
guilty of plagiarism in adopting the
conversational style, apologies are ten-
dered Mr. Doolittle :

"Good morning, Mr. Smith. Pretty
cold day."

" Yes, Mr. Jones, it is cold ; 17 below
at our place this morning, and a strong
wind blowing."

" By the way, Mr. Smith, I don't be-
lieve I have met you since our county
convention last April. What was your
crop of honey like ?"

" Very light, I am sorry to say ; and

and to make matters worse, a great
many of my young queens were lost
while taking their mating flight."

" No doubt you ascribe these losses
to the presence of king-birds ?"

"No, I do not; and, personally, I
don't believe that the king-bird is re-
sponsible for half the damage he gets
credit for."

" Pray, how do you account for the
loss of your queens, then ?"

" Well, as you probably know, for a
mile and a half on all sides of my api-
ary the country is mostly pasture
land."

" Yes, but what has that to do with
the loss of queens ?"

"Just wait a moment and I will tell
you. Walking over a closely cropped
pasture field, one afternoon, I was at-

214

Mar 14, 1907

AniQrican ^ee Journal

tracted by a large number of drones
flying near the ground, and, on look-
ing down, there on the ground was one
of my young queens hopping around
with an injured wing. The drones
would swoop down towards the queen,
flying very rapidly back and forth. As
I found a couple more queens in like
condition, later on in the season, I
have come to the conclusion that quite
a number of queens have their wings
injured by drones flying rapidly against
them while in the air ; the queens then
drop and perish in the grass."

" Well, Mr. Smith, I must say that
your ideas on this question are new to
me, and, as far as I know, to the fra-
ternity in general. But, say, speaking
of queens, how did those turn out that
you got from Indiana ?"

" Not very well, and, to tell the truth,
I don't care to say much about it ; but,
as you have asked me, I will tell you
the facts of the case."

" If I remember correctly, you had
some virgins as well as untested queens
sent you?"

" Yes, I ordered 8 virgins and 4 un-
tested ; when they came 2 of the former
were dead; I returned them, and the
dealer seemed to think that 1 live
queen was as good as 2 dead ones, so
he sent me 1 to replace the 2."

" Not a very encouraging begin-
ning."

"No, and that was not all. Of the
virgins left, 4 after 14 days began to
lay and did all right, but the others
were lost in their mating flight. But
where the joke came in, the 4 untested
were safely introduced, but not one
oflfered to lay ; in fact, they were vigor-
ous, too ; and, to cap the climax, when
they went out to mate, not a blessed
one returned to the hives again."

"Your experience, I must say, Mr.
Smith, was far from satisfactory. I
suppose you think those queens that
never returned were injured by the
drones, and lost in the grass, as you
have before intimated?"

" Either that, or else by way of pro-
test, they headed straight for Indiana.
Don't you think, Mr. Jones, that some
of these queen-breeders think we ordi-
nary honey-men are pretty green, and
often palm ofi^ virgins as untested
queens ?"

" No doubt there are dishonest and
careless queen-breeders, just as you
find this same class of men in other
lines of business ; and I remember get-
ting a number of queens from Texas a
few years ago, with quite a large per-
centage of virgins. I wrote to a promi-
nent Ontario bee-keeper, and he said
he had been having the same trouble,
and attributed it to a very busy season,
and to the fact of the queen-breeder
having unskilled helpers in his queen-
rearing work. Possibly, Mr. Smith,
these same causes would explain your
difiiculties."

"I don't know the cause, but I do
know that I got virgins instead of un-
tested queens, and that the dealer
would not make the matter right."

"Well, good-bye, Mr. Smith; the
first time you are in Pumpkinville drop
in and have a look at my bee-cellar.
The temperature ranges from 40 to 43
degrees ; this is a little low, but the
bees seem to be wintering well ; yet I

would like to have an old-experienced
bee-keeper, like yourself, call and give
your opinion."

" Good-bye, Mr. Jones. I certainly
will be glad to call on you if I am down

your way; but, in the meantime, jif
your cellar is dry, and the bees are
quiet, don't worry about them, even if
the temperature is a trifle lower than
is generally recommended."

Rcflcctioiii5^

California Bcc-Kccper

By W. a. Prtal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

The Poetry of Life is in tlie Bee

What a world of melody to the bee-
keeper's ear is the hum of the bee dur-
ing the first warm days of early spring.
It is the very poetry of life ; there is
nothing else like it, for nothing else
can compare with it. It is a theme for
the poet, so not being a writer of that
order, I shall leave the beautiful sub-
ject to my poetical friends.

Early Rain Makes the Honey— Some-
times

Copious have been the rains through-
out the length and breadth of Califor-
nia this winter ; in fact, in some places
far above the average has already
fallen. With the rains to come there
is no doubt but there will be a splendid
growth of honey-plants. The honey
harvest should, therefore, be good. But
the result can not be foretold in ad-
vance, as cool weather may prevail
when the principal honey-secreting
flowers are in bloom. Even if your
hens are good don't count your chicks
before tiiey are hatched, is a good ren-
dering of the old saw ; and so, if the
rain comes and the sun shines at times,
don't load your wagon with next sea-
son's honey.

Honey Crop of 1906

The man who did the figuring for
the New Year's edition of the San
Francisco Chronicle, places the honey
crop for last year at 7,500,000 pounds.
Figures are said not to lie, but in the
Chronicle's showing they must some-
where. The writer and computer states
that last year was a poor one, yet it
was but 1,250,000 pounds short of the
previous year's output. In 10 years it
was equalled only four times. The
greatest crop in that time was secured
in 1905 ; 1903 was nearly as good, but
1904 has a record of only a few tons
over a SOO-ton crop — the worst year in
the decade.

Early Spring Flowers

The sentimental poet has sung of the
" Flowers that Bloom in the Spring,"
but I have not yet found where the
metrical man has essayed to sing of
the " Flowers that Bloom in the Win-
ter." Possibly the flower-poet has not
been living in California. We have
some real pretty wild flowers that
bloom in the dead of winter ; I was ad-

miring some blossoms of the wild cur
rant that were in bloom in our back
yard on New Year's day. The bush is
one that volunteered from seed that
was brought up evidently in some sand
that was carted from the creek. The
flowers are very pretty in their pink
loveliness. They appear at a time
when the plant is practically nude of
foliage, so the flowers are all the more
showy. They have a very pleasant,
" pungy " odor, and when the days are
warm the bees hold high carnival
amid the bloom. The period of in-
florescence of this plant extends over
many weeks — away into February. It
is a plant that I can recommend for a
place in every garden for ornament.
Its fruit is not considered edible,
though it may be eaten.

It is easy to gather bouquets of garden
flowers here in the latter part of Febru-
ary, and from thence on ; so, also, may
one pluck quite a variety of wild flowers
commencing that early. One day in
the first week in February, some years
back, I went out into the hills and in
a few minutes had an armful of Flora's
early treasures. I gathered a few of
each into an old straw hat, and exposed
a photographic plate on them. The re-
sult was not fully satisfactory. I sub-
mit a print from the negative, as it
may give an idea of what some of our
winter flowers are like. I wish the
photograph were a better one. [See
front page. — Editor.]

Why Not Advertise ? — There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising ia the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
tlie readers of the American Bee Journal
Itnow that you have something to selH Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Anierikanisclie llienenznclit«

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for SI. 75. Address
all orders to this office.

Mar. 14, 1907

215

[American Bee Journalf^^^

1)ocforMil r^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Millek, Marengo, III.
' Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

for table use U to get It turned Into young
bees.

4. .\ weak colony, say one that needs only
4 frames, may have a dummy at one side of
the frames with the remaining space In the
hive left entirely vacant; only the dummy
must be moved and a frame or frames added
as needed. Generally, however, when one has
a weak colony of that kind which Is expected
to build up, one has enough empty combs to
lill up the hive, and in that case I wouldn't
use a dummy at all. Vou may ask whether
the bees would not be warmer to have the
combs that are occupied shut olT from the
empty combs by a dummy. One would natur-
ally think so, yet experiments farefully made,
if 1 remember rightly, by Prof. Gaston Bon-
nier, showed that the empty combs were just
as good as a board partition.

Beginning Bee-Keeping

I would like to know the best possible way
to commence bee keeping the coming season.

MicnioAN.

Answer.— Take my advice and don't wait
for the coming season, but begm now, getting
a good book on bee-keeping and studying it
thoroughly. That's the way to begin, and by
the time you have done that you will know
pretty well the next step; but it the way is
not entirely clear then, I'll be glad to answer
to the best of my ability any questions as to
your further course.

Italianizing and Transferring Bees

1. I have 3 colonies of bees to which I wish
to give Italian queens. When shall I do this,
in fruit-bloom, or earlier, or later? And how?

2. I have one colony in a box-hive, one with
movable frame, and one of odd size. I wish
to transfer them to my regular Danzenbaker
hives. When is the best time to do this? And
can I then re-queen* That is, at the time of
transfer? And how? Iowa Prairie.

Answers — 1. It doesn't matter so very
much when, but a new queen is likely to be
received more kindly when honey is coming
in more freely ; so if you do not introduce in
the flush of fruit-bloom wait until the next
flow, which in your locality is probably white
clover, early in June.

You will receive instructions on the ship-
ping-cage which brings you a queen by mail,
generally, and you will do well to follow such
instructions. They will tell you to remove
the old queen and put the new queen caged
into the hive, leaving the rest to the bees. As
a possible improvement, it may be well to put
the caged queen into the hive without dis-
turbing the old one, but having the cage so
arranged that the bees can not get at the
candy to liberate the queen. Two days later
remove the old queen and give the bees a
chance at the candy to free the caged queen.

2. Nowadays the tendency is toward wait-
ing to transfer until 21 days after the colony
has swarmed. In your case, however, you are
merely to transfer from a frame of one size to
another, and I think I should not wait tor
swarming, but transfer during fruit-bloom.
You can also change the queen at that time,
in the way mentioned in the preceding an-
swer, or if more convenient, you can wait till
white clover is in bloom.

Wliat Are Weal( Colonies in Spring?

On page 152, Mr. SchoU says that at the
main examination of colonies as soon as warm
weather in early spring allows it, " If the
cluster does not spread over the space of at
least 4 or 5 combs, it should be marked as
' weak,' and should be united with another
colony." If I should follow that teaching it
would leave very few colonies not united. Do
you think I would gain by such uniting?

Subscriber.

Answer. — If Mr. SchoU is speaking of
Xangstroth size of frames, it must be that

there is something very dillerent in Texas
from northern Illinois. 1 do not note upon
first examination just how many combs the
cluster spreads over, but I do note generally
the number or combs in which I find any
brood, and practically that means the number
of combs the cl uster spreads over. It may be
of interest to give from the book of the very
prosperous year of 1903 the condition of 6 dif-
ferent colonies just as found at one opening
of the book, al the time of their first exami-
nation, April 20. The number of combs hav-
ing brood in them, and the number of sec-
tions obtained from each colony were as fol-
lows; 4 combs, '233 sections; 5,186; 2, 219;
4, 172; 5, '240; 3. 184. It will be noticed that
according to the rule of uniting all under 4
combs there would have been united 2 which
gave respectively 219 and 184 sections, or a
total of 403 sections. If I had united those
2 colonies 1 feel pretty sure it would have
been at a loss, for I have no idea the united
colony would have given 403 sections. Look-
ing along I find others with brood in 3 combs
each that gave, respectively, '285 sections, 238,
164, 170, 149, 2'24, 142. But I need go no far-
ther, for I think that is enough to show that
the rule would not be a profitable one to fol-
low in this locality.

Combs of Granulated Honey— Feed-
ing Comb Honey— Strong-
Scented Honey-
Dummies

1. What is best to do with frames filled with
granulated honey? If placed in the hive, will
they liquefy so that the bees can use them, or
should I place them outside and let the whole
force get at them?

2. Is it necessary to uncap combs of honey
given in spring? I have scored them with a
knife and sometimes the honey would run
down and out, causing robbing.

3. Last fall when I opened some hives they
had a strong scent. I was afraid there was
some disease in them. I could see nothing
wrong with the brood, and the combs were
well filled with honey and all capped over.
The honey is amber, strong tasting, and
scarcely fit to use on the table. Will such
honey stored by the bees, or fed to them in
spring, be fit feed for them? Can it be some
poisonous plant food ?

4. You are often called upon to explain
what dummies are, how they are made, and
how used in the hives. In confining a small
colony to one end of the hive, do you fill the
empty space with anything?

North Dakota.

Answers.— 1 and 2. You can trust the bees
to uncap the cells, and as fast as needed. The
heat of the hive is not sufficient to liquefy
granulated honey, but the bees will make use
of a good part of it for all that. You may get
them to use all of it by spraying or sprinkling
the combs with water, repeating the opera-
tion as often as they are cleaned dry by the
bees.

3. It is not likely the honey is at all poison-
ous, only unpleasant tasted, and will be all
right for the bees' own use. The most profit-
able thing to do with some honey that is poor

Feeding in Winter— Malting Increase
—Moth-Worms in Brood-Combs

1. About a week ago we had a few nice,
warm days with the temperature at 40 de-
grees above zero in the shade. The bees be-
ing active and taking a good flight, I thought
I would look into colony No. 4, for I was
pretty sure they were short in stores. Did I
do wrong in feeding them at that time?

2. Being anxious to increase as fast as pos-
sible, I would like to have your opinion
about it. I read one article by W. Z. Hutch-
inson, saying that he made his increase by
taking 2 or 3 frames of brood from strong
colonies and giving them a laying queen; but
not being able to buy my queens, would it do
to take a queen from one colony and let the
bees rear a new queen? Please give me some
of your best plans.

3. Last year I lost considerable by having
the moth-worms get into some brood-combs
which I had stored away. How can I prevent
this? Michigan.

Answers.— 1. It is not a good thing to dis-
turb bees in February, but it is a much worse
thing to let them starve. So if you were not
pretty certain that their stores would last till
warmer weather, you were very wise to feed.

2. It is not easy to say what may be the
best plan for you. What is best for one is
not always best for another. But taking the
plan you mention, you can do very well with
a little variation. Decide which colony you
think has the queen of best blood, and see
that it is strong, if necessary giving it frames
of hatching brood from other colonies to
strengthen it. You may even All 2 stories
with brood. Call this hive A. When the
time comes for bees to begin making prep-
arations for swarming, take the queen with 2
or 3 frames of brood and adhering bees, and
put them in hive B, on a stand a rod or more
distant. Better fasten the entrance for about
2 days, lest too many of the bees return to the
old hive. About 8 or 10 days after taking the
queen away from A — don't delay longer than
10 days— take out one of the frames with the
queen from B, put it in an empty hive, C, and
fill out C with empty combs or frames filled
with foundation or starters. Take hive A
from its stand, and set hive C in its place.
You will now make as many nuclei as you
can from the brood and bees in A, taking 2
frames of brood and bees tor each nucleus,
putting each on a new stand. It may happen
that without any attention on your part there
will be one or more good queen-cells on one
of the combs in each nucleus. It may be,
however, that most of the queen-cells are on
one or two combs, and you must cut out at
least one good cell for each nucleus. You
can fasten it on the comb by pushing over it
a hive-staple. See that it is centrally located
where the bees will be sure to keep it warm.
A cell must also be given to B, and it will be
well that this be given in a cage so that the
bees can not get at it for a day or two lest
they destroy it before they discover their
queenlessness. The bees of the nuclei being
queenless, will remain pretty well where put,
but you might fasten them in for a day or
two. You will find much about increase in
the last volume of the American Bee Journal,

216

Mar, 14, 1907

American Hee JomnAJj

and the book '■ Forty Years Among the Bees "
is very full in this respect.

3. In a cool cellar the worms will not
trouble them much till quite warm weather,
perhaps not till June. Theu if you can put
them in the care of the bees that will be best.
A story or two of combs may be placed under
any strong colony, and the bees being obliged
to pass through them in going in and out the
hive, will keep them clear of worms. Tou
may also destroy the worms by submitting
them to the fumes of sulphur or bisulphide of
carbon. If large worms are found in any of
the combs, squirt a little gasoline on them
out of an oil-can.

jricnces

Working on the Maples

Bees are working on maple, and peach-trees
will be Id bloom in a week, or less time if the
weather continues as it is at present.

R. E. Campbell.

Springdale, Ark., March 4.

The Honey-Flow is On

Our white honey-flow from wahea is near at
hand— in fact, already on at some of my out-
apiaries. It promises to be good. The weather
is warm and dry. Grant Anderson.

Sabinal, Tex., March 5.

Expects Loss fFom Honey-Dew

I fear that " The Hum of the Bees in the
Apple-Tree Bloom " will not be a very noisy
hum, on account of the honey-dew. There
was one of the best (or, should I say, worst?)
flows last summer I ever saw. My 75 colo-
nies stored about 84 of a ton, M being in the
brood-chambers and 500 pounds in the sec-
tions. This was of good body and fine flavor,
many preferring it to the best clover honey;
but, alas, for the bees 1 They can not subsist
on this sort of honey and stand the long win-
ter confinement in this cold north country,
where the mercury has dropped the present
winter to 54 degrees below zero. Bees are in
the cellars, of course, and have been for over
3 months, and will have to stay 6 weeks
longer, at least — those that live. I don't ex-
pect to take out over 15 percent in good con-
dition. O. B. Griffin.

Aristook Co., Maine, March 2.

"Wild" Honey— Hard Winter for
Bees

I have read the letter by Harry Lathrop,
on page 105. I would call attention to what
seems to me a mistaken idea in regard to the
flavor of wild honey (so-called). If anyone
can tell where the difference in flavor comes
in, I should be pleased to have him do so.
Having kept bees over 50 years, and hunted
wild bees (so-called) nearly as long, I never
yet could detect any difference in the flavor
of honey from hive or tree; and why should
there be any* The bees in the tree that we
call " wild," perhaps went from our own api-
ary, and where can they gather any different
honey from those in our own hives? Are not
all the flowers visited by the bees from hive or
tree alike? Of course, honey from a tree is
not in as nice shape as what we get from sec-
tions, yet some of the white comb can not be
excelled by that in the hive, either in looks or
flavor.

Our bees here in southern New Hampshire
are having a hard winter, and I fear will not
go through till spring in good condition, as
they have not had a cleansing flight since
some time in November. And their stores
were not the best, they having gathered quite
a lot of honey-dew, and my bees have not, on

on average, wintered well on that kind of
sweet. (I will not call it honey.) Our bees
are always wintered on the summer stands, in
double hives, with a good packing over the
honey-board. Last winter every colony went
through the winter in flneshape, and up to the
present time (Feb. 9) all are alive, but I judge
are in bad shape, as they try to fly when it is
too cold for them to do so safely. One col-
ony, yesterday, with the thermometer at 25 de-
grees in the shade, and hives standing in the
sun, were flying, but, of course, many of
them never returned to the hive. A little
shade made by standing a board in front of
the hives soon quieted them. When it is
calm, and the sun shining brightly, and it is
42 to 44 degrees in the shade, bees will fly and
return to the hive all right.
New Ipswich, N. H. Geo. S. Wheeler.

A Few Copreetions

On page 137, where it says, " by the looks
of the queen's drones," I should have said
"workers." On page 13S it says, " in one
week all the bees were dead;" it should be
"queens," not "workers." The half-blood
queen's abdomen was filled with water. Those
2 queens I received late in the fall of 1905, so
they could not be tested as to their purity
until the spring of 1906. Subscriber.

New York.

Some of the Ups and Downs of a
Bee-Keeper

The spring of 1885 a widow living here gave
me her apiary of 3 colonies of black bees in
box-hives, which I moved to my home about
the last week in March. Then I went to a
friend who kept bees in frame-bives and bor-
rowed a hive and a frame so I could make
some like them. Those hives were 14 inches
by 16 and 18 inches, outside measure, and
about 12 inches deep. The bees in the uew
hives stored very little honey, but would
swarm and swarm and swarm. The sections
were put on the frames crosswise, and the
open sides of the sections fenced in with thin
boards; the cover of the hive being made
deep enough to accommodate the sections.

Twenty years ago either I or the bees, or
both of us, had an experience that has not
been repeated since. A swarm came out and
was hived in one of those 14xl8-inch hives.
Before the first swarm was in the hive another
swarm came out and went with the first, and
then another, and still another. There were
4 swarms in and on that hive; the hive was
completely covered with bees, so it was left
where the first swarm was hived all night.
The next morning I was out early to see what
arrangements they had uiade, and found them
in the same shape as they were the night be-
fore. About 9 o'clock a swarm peeled off and
went to the woods; in less than 20 minutes
another came off and went in an opposite
direction; a few minutes later the third
swarm left and went south, leaving a nice
swarm in the hive.

I got a catalog from a bee-supply factory in
Wisconsin, and ordered the Improved Sim-
plicity 10-frame hives. The supers were ar-
ranged so that the section slats would rest on
the sections in the super below. No matter
how many supers were on the hive, there was
only one bee-space, and that was between the
first super and the top-bars of the brood-
frames. The bees would glue the supers tight
together, so if the top super were removed
the sections in the super next below would all
follow. If the inventor had lived in this cor-
ner of the bee-pasture, and put his hive into
practical use, he would never have made the
second hive. Some of those hives are in use
yet, but they have been remodeled so that
there is a bee-space between each super. The
next hive was the " Wisconsin," which is all
right except the Hoffman self-spacing frames,
which are a nuisance in thislocality, and they
are not spaced far enough apart. Next the
" St. Joe " hive with metal spacers top and
bottom. In my judgment the " St. Joe" hive
is the best hive of the three.

The honey season of 1906 was excellent in
this locality. The bees have the range of the

Illinois River bottoms, where wild cucumbers,
wild asters, and Spanish-needles were abun-
dant, and some buck-brush. I had 22 colo-
nies last spring to start with, and increased
to 32. The forepart of the season but little
surplus was stored — just enough to keep
breeding going on nicely. The hives were
running over with bees. On Aug. 9 a marked
improvement in bee-circles was noted some-
what out of the usual order, as my bees had
always taken a vacation in August, but this
year business was the order of the day. My
22 colonies, spring count, filled 2500 sections —
an average of over 113 per colony. One col-
ony on 10 frames, in what is known as the
"Shirck " hive, filled 1684i4x4}4Xl% sections
full from top to bottom without separators.
One other colony in an 8-frame Langstroth
hive filled 165 plain and bee-way sections, and
5 colonies in 10-frame Langstroth hives filled
140 plain and bee-way sections each. I have
kept bees over 20 years, but never till last
year did a colony in an 8-frame hive fill mora
than 72 sections. Geo. B. Slack.

Peoria Co., 111., Feb. 26.

Late Report— Tall Bee-Men, Ete.

It is rather late to make a report for 1906.
Perhaps one reason for my tardiness is because
I had nothing to boast of in the way of
a honey-yield, the season here being a rather
poor one. Forty pounds of salable section
honey to the colony, spring count, is about
the size of the crop, and an increase from 3b
to 55 colonies, which seem to be wintering
well in the cellar.

The Editor, on page 66, seems a little in-
clined to boast of the stature of Mr. Louis H.
Scholl. I have a neighbor bee-keeper, Isaac
Wayne, who goes him 2 better, as he is 6 feet
and 4 inches in his stockings. When it comes
to reaching up a tree for a swarm of bees, he
gets above me by nearly a (Foote) foot.

Last fall, when taking off the last of my
supers after the honey-flow had ceased, I
made a little discovery of the " cuteness " of
the bees that was new to me, but maybe not
to the experts. Three years ago I made a
cone about 9 inches long out of wire-screen,
and attached it to a bee-escape board so that
bees inside could get out, while those outside
could not get in. My practise was to place a
regular bee-escape on an empty hive, on top
of that place 4 or 5 supers, and on top of
these put the board with the cone. It was a
real pleasure to see the bees chase each other
out, one at a time, and it would be only 2 or 3
hours before the supers would be clear of
bees. But one fine day last fall I noticed
quite a collection of bees on the outside of
the cone near the top, so I thought best to
look into the matter and find out, if possible,
what they were up to. And this is what I
saw:

A bee on the inside would come to the top.
and to all appearances deliver her load of
honey to an outsider between the wires, when
the latter would fiy away to the hive and the
former would back down into the supers
after another load of honey.

Another thing I saw : When 2 bees, one
inside and one outside meet, that didn't be-
long to the same colony, they would imme-
diately back away and hunt for their mates.

Of course, I can not say posilioehj that the
above conclusions are correct, but appear-
ances go strangely to prove that they are.
While the honey carried out of the supers in
this manner was probably inconsiderable, it,
proved to me that while "man proposed '' the
bees were cute enough to plan ways and
means to " dispose." A. F. Foote.

Mitchell Co., Iowa.

Bees and Grapes, Ete.

My 33 colonies so far are in fine condition.
We have had a very mild winter here. It was
so warm and sunshiny last week that the bees
finished one sack of flour as artificial pollen.
I mix 3^,1 bran to keep the flour loose so that
the bees can work it better. My bees are in
Heddon and Langstroth hives.

For beginners with bees, I would say to go

Mar. 14, 1907

1 -»>^g^>==^

217

) American T^ee Journal

slow In buying bees, queens and brood foun-
dation. In regard to disease, I have some
reason to believe that a stood share of the
dead brood and foul brood is caused by the
chemicals that are used in clurifying the bees-
wax at the foundation factories. liuyio(f
queens is also a line way of getting disease
into your bee-yard. If there ie another fellow
in the whole world that has less use for yel-
low bees than ujyself, I would like very
much to know it. If I have ever had any dis-
ease in my bee-yard, I do not Know it. I am
well pleased with brown bees. They swarm
less, are good super-workers, and make
plump, white combs, and stand the cold best.

I wish to offer a little criticism on what is
found on page 108, where Mr. Doolittle says
it is all a mytli that bees in normal condition
do not freeze to death. It is just the reverse,
if you please. Those Northern losses are all
caused by cold weather, and if those losers
will try again with common bees they will
succeed all right.

As to bees injuring grapes, they do not.
Neither do the birds, but it ie the change in
the atmosphere that brealis the rind of apples
and the skin of grapes; a sort of second-
growth. Certain varieties are worse than
others, Mr. A. I. Root, of Ohio, some 30
years ago, screened in a grape-vine and so re-
, ported; at least it was in Gleanings that I
saw it.

As I have taken 3 swarms of bees out of the
walls of dwelling-houses, I would like to
know how those house-apiary men are making
it go. My next experimenting will be with
little houses, keeping the bees in them in win-
ter and summer.

The good "old reliable" American Bee
Journal comes to my office as regularly as
clock-work. Surely, it is a fine Journal.
Long may it live I Karl J. Lohmann.

Clinton Co., Mo., Feb. IS.

[We are afraid Mr. Lohmann would find it
rather difficult to prove that chemicals used
in clarifying beeswax cause dead^or diseased
brood. — Editor ]

Expects More SpFing Dwindling

Bees had a fair flight here March 3d. I
have not lost any colonies, though a few are
more or less affected with dysentery. I look
for more spring dwindling here than usual.

Norwich, Conn. Allen Latuam.

A Correction. — In the item on page 165,
in " Calcium Chloride in the Bee-Cellar," by
Allen Latham, in speaking of the bees' need
of fresh air, he should be made to say,
" Their need of fresh air is ?iot like our need
of fresh air— that is, plenty of oxygen."
Such statement harmonizes better with the
rest of the item. Mr. Latham is experiment-
ing this winter still fnrther, and finds that
bees need almost no fresh air, provided the
moisture is taken care of.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Texas.— The Northern Texas Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual meeting at
Ladonia, Tex., on April 3 and 4, 1907. All
bee-keepers are invited to attend. No hotel
bills to pay. W. H. White, Sec.

Blossom, Tex.

Michigan.— The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its next annual
convention at East Jordan, Mich., on April
10 and 11, 1907. Headquarters will be at the
Russell House, where a $1.00 per day rate has
been secured. Ira D. Bartlett, Sec.

East Jordan, Mich.

TEXAS QUEENS

The I amous Honey -Producers

\^jr Texas
" ' Queens

-~ ^^=r->«' ^..^^^ Tlie Famons
-g^ \t ^^>« Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April. May
and June delivery, for CarnioIaiiH, Ital-
ians, and (Joldens- equal to the best, re-
gardless of priCH. Prices:

Tested Queens $1.00 each ; $10 00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " .5 50 "

6At£ GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

How to Make Money Easu

Restock your apiaries with .\tchlcy (Queens;
they do the rest. Wc breed all of the leading
races In their purltv. Untested, $1 each ; $'.>
per doz. ; .*(;o per 100. Tested, fl.'iO to *a..VJ
each; lireeders, $3 to ?5 each. I, ;i, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Get our prices before you buy. We
manufaeturo standard liee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. VVill exchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey. Beeswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Hone.v Co.
Will .\tculet, .VIgr.
lIAtf Box 'JIS, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

W£NCC-™'''''

MADE. Buii-
if ehlck-

en-tlKlit S'.M t'l II,,. ii.,.r ut ^th<>lr«ale
FrlfiK. «.. i*nj iT.liftii. ( [itilr>«-<i.- free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box s') Wlnche»tor, Indiana.

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

J!W Senrt lor list ot Sligrhtly Oani-
agea Cioodit (o select trom itt Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co.

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North IS59. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO
( Ihree blocks north and one block east of our old location.)
Uentlon Bee Jonmal vrhen wrttlnB.

ILL.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=TooI

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool and ail
rights, from Mr. Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

(This picture is exactly une-ha!f the sise.)

ati R^^^.^l^''''^'^^C'^^^}?^''^ Hive-Tool is made of high-crade malleable iron, much like wrought iron,
f^h .S^nf '°°f ■, .?,'',1"L'""® .'?''",!? ' '■"' '"'^hes wide and 7-:jJ thick. The smaller end is ijfi inches long, ii
1.?™^"'!^'""* '"f- "i"^;''-, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp slm?
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc.. as it does not mar the wood

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: "Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan V 1907, hs
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's atsistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. I am sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The " Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
$100; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool— both
for SI. 30. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

GEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

218

Mar. 14, 1907

American ^ec JournaT|

<<If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder"

^ BEE-SUPPLIES

Root's Goods ai Root's Prices

Everything- used by Bee-Keepers. Prompt Service ^

Low Freight Rates. .-. .'. Catalog Free ^

New Metal-Spaced Frames. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive, the com- ^p

ing hive for comb-honey experts. If interested in this hive ask for pamphlet 4»

" FACTS ABOUT BEES." It is mailed free. X

BEESW:aX WANTED X

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or 1^

trade. Make small shipments by express ; large shipments by freight, always being jjfe

sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I ^F

shall be glad to send it to you. Sj^

WALTER S. POUDER f

ITALIAN QUEENS

r^Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1,00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty Is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Cf^f, Colo mo Acre Farm and lOO
rUI 041C Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good S-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Slentloii Bee Journal vrhea irrlttnx.

Big Profits in Capons

(Japonlzirii^ is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 25c

French Killing KnifeSOc

[Capon Book Free.

Arch St., Philadelphia ,Fa,

(CAPON

TOOLS

6. P PUiing&SonCo.,'

Mention Bee Joomal vrbcn vrrltlnff.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and elvln^ entirely satisfactory re-
salts. Comb fonndation made easily and

?nickly at less than half the cost of baying
rem the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, 12.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLfE, TENN.

Mention Bee Joomal when wrttlns*

Sendforfreel
Catalogue.

Mention Bee

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, eplf -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest

' ~ 8 made.

III.

priced flret-class hatehers made,
eEO. H. STAHI., <luUc7,

H.
Journal vrhen vraltlns.

Wa 8bll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let as quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Fonndation, etc, as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wantsd for Caab.

M. H. HUNT *80N.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

Mention Bee Joamal when wrttlnj(.

Best No. 1 Sections

per 1000, $4.00; No.

2, $3.40; plain, 25c
leas. Discounts on Danz. and Root's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. Duftu, St. flpne, 111.

6A14t Please meation the Bee Journal.

Alsike Clover Seed

Alsilse is fine for bees, land, pasture or
hay. It is hardy. Present price of seed, f.o.b.,
per bushel, $8.00 ; 6 bushels or more include
sacks ; less than 6 bushel orders, sacks 20 cts.
extra. Write for price of Medium Red or
Mammoth Clover Seed. Prices advancing.
Catalog of Apiary Supplies fbbe. Address,

F. A. SNELL, Milledgeville, Carroll Co., III.
10A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Will

'ou

how to save money. Send tor our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COIORIDO HOSEY-PRODCCERS' ISS'S, Denrer. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcultural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont. Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DIscoanti to tli« Trade.
Mention Bee Journal when nrltlns.

Western Bee-Keepers sl«w^*'

' mmle every year in the hook Imsiness.
ery family, rich or roor. must hiive
books. Durinc the Inst tew years. S7.5II0..
000.00 have been exjiended for Modem
Eloqnence. .S12. (XfO.Dl 10.00 for Sto-ldHrd's
Lectures. $21.(XX).000.00 for the Century
I DictioHHry. and the tremendous sum of
S44.000,000.(X). coverincoverhalf a milHna
sets of the Frtcycropaedia BritHnnica.
These hooks were Rold by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sells more reddily than any of the
above. The demand is already po tre-
mendous that more cardtal is required to
Bwing it, or get behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bant
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, basetl on twenty years' experi-
ence. Remember. the sm-t-essof this publi-
cation is not awiiy off in the future— it is
not prospective, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishingthis advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportvinity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is as
solid as the Rock of Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the refipon.-ie is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning big dividends.and which
»B led to sell fi smiill amount of its stock
Bimply because the business is already so
tremendous as to eihaust the working
capital. But if >ou would grasp this op-
portunity you must

^ Write Quick—Only a Few Can Come In

TOj Address your letter to me personally,

'*' like this—

V W. B. Gilbert

Dept. G 28 Jackson Blvd., Chicaf o

Mar. 14, 1907

2l<>

i^=.^em- I

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

-The

American "Bcc Joarnal j^

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Ainerican Bee -Keeper
[or 1907

It is profusely illustrated and on-
lartjed, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American l!ee-
Koeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1,00.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCOISER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN.

[Established 25 years. J

N. Y.

^oney anb
4- 23ce5tpax-f

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence lor comb honey to replace
diminished stuck laid in duf ing- the autumn by
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings 15@16c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from 6@7Hc.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. BUKNETT & Co.

Philadelphia, Nov. 8.— While the supply of
comb honey is equal to the demand, large quan-
tities of comb honey having arrived in the
market in the last few days, the price still re-
mains high. The outlook, however, is that
when the season advances and the bee-keepers
ship more of their crop to the market, the pri-
ces will be a little weaker. We quote: Fancy
white comb honey, 16@18c; No, 1, 14@15c; m-
ber, ll@13c. Fancy white extracted, 75i@8a c;
light amber, 6?^@7c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices arc firm, and we quote
from 15@16c for fancy white; 13fsl4c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dis-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient suo-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8)^c; light amber, 7%c; am
ber, 6>^(ai7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly g'ood
demand at 6@6Hc. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from S5(Si70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRETH & SkOKLKEN.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of ooth comb and ex-

Complete stock for U«»7 now on I

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most ttll freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FROM ME. Zt<f.rZ'^t '""'■

A Special DiscQunt on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

booli

Order for

l,AI^8, ana t'AlCASIAI^S.

For prices, refer to ray catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaries,
the UOI^MK.^ VKI,-
LOWS, CAR.-XIO-

C. H.W.WEBER

CINCINNATI
...OHIO...

iiiitfli

traded honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at f3.20; No. 1,
light amber, 13; and good No. 2, 52,80. White
extracted, st^s^c per pound; light ambe*-,
7%@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Feb. '>.— The demand for ex-
tracted amber honey has brightened In the oast
3 weeks. Amber honey in barrels at 6^(^7^c,
according to the quality and the quantity pur-
chased. Fancy white extracted honey selling
at 3@9c in cans. Comb honsy is a drag on ibe
market, fancy selling at 14(a 16c. Beeswax, 32c.
for choice grade. Thb Fred W. Muth CO.

Indianapolis, Feb, 25.— comb honey is not
plenliful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings I6@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@Tc. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more treely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, I7c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7J4c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26t«i28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, March 6.— The market on comb
honey has been quite brisk the past week. En-
tirely sold out of fancy white. No. 2 is selling
for 125i(sil3c. White clover extracted in cans,
9c; amber in barrels, 6c. Beeswax, 30c, deliv-
ered here. C. H.W, Wkbek.

Kansas City, Mar. 4— The demand for comb
honey is only tair at present. The market is
almost entirely bare of extracted honey. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24-sec. cases. $3.10 to
f3.25; No. 2, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted honey,
white, per pound, SfSiiOcl amber, Sc. Beeswax,
per pound, 25®27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each ; Tested Queens, $3:
Select Tested, ^i. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

FACTORY PRICES

BEE-SUPPLIES in Cincinnati.

Let us give you quotations on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc. We will save you
money.

Beeswax wanted at 31c per pound cash ; 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our free
catalog.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
TAtf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati. Ohio.

Standard- Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, $1;
6, .?5; 12, $9. Select untested, .*1.35; 6, sG; 12,
$10. Tested, S1.50; select, fi 50; best, §5. List
free. T. S. HALLi,

llDSt .JASPER, Pickens Co., GA.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Select Untcstrd Qaeens, $1; 6, S5; 12, $9.
Tested, $1,50; 6, J8. Best Breeders, $3 50. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

ODlSt Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigningr, bnyiug- or selling^, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watir St. Chicago. Ilu

BEE 0 POUI.TRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for thu " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog tor either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Mar. 14, 1907

American Hee Journal

#

MDANT'S FOFNDATIOH

/^IT EXCELSi^

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. WHY ? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST
COMB FODNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost 3'ou no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.
Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.

Agents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III/

Mentlo I Bee Jonrnal when writtus.

QUEENS f/or'iioT cX^S"! NUCLEI

I will sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
—1 Queen, 25c; doz, $3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2 frame, $1.50: Sframf, »1 75

4A13t R. M. SPENCER, Nordhoff, Calif.
Uentlon Bee Joamal when wrltlnc

« It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Our Discounts on

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in efifect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

nv^^A^SSIE HIVES

We make them. Have you seen them ?

Have you received our new 1907 Catalog ? It is surely the easiest
Catalog to order from that you ever saw. It is so easy that you cannot
make a mistake in your orders — a child can order from it as well as an
adult. Write for it to-day ; it is free for the asking. It is something
new and entirely different from any you have ever seen.

KRETGttMER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluHs, Iowa.

MuBCatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 8. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued In English or German.

$
$

i

J We will Buy and 8
bell m

SKit

ilOIEYi

m m

«« of the different grades and kinds. ^®

^n If you have any to dispose of, or it ^g

Ws you intend to buy, correspond j^

^^ with us. i^u

We are always in the market Ij^

for

SM

Beeswax

p^ at highest market prices.

m Hildreth & Segelken

s«t

26s & 267 Qreenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

" Xhe continuous advertiser
gets the built of tiie business,
because others are not adver-
tisings, and he is."

47th Year

M. v'CH 21, 1907

Number 12

THIRTY-TWO PAGE NUMBER

222

Mar. 21, 1907

PUBLlSaED WEKKLT BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Ghicaoo, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal la
Sl.lKi a year, in the United Stales, Canada, and
Mexico! all other countries in the Postal Union. 60
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates tlie
endof the month to which your subscription ispa'.il.
For instance, "deP-i'I" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION RBCBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.
13 " .
26 " .
52 " .

. . S per cent
..10 "
..20 "
..30 •'

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... S per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above disconnts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riBhts. . . ^ ,. .. *

3d.— Toenfor.e laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wif.

|y If more convenient. Dues may be sent to tbc
ubl'Ph*'r« ot ibe American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are ju.st the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

O WONT rou BEE nv HONEY
And CHCtR THIS LONELY MCAflTI

For I WOULD huo TOy all thc tire ,
And wt WOULD rtfVEft part

As most ol our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cats herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid : 3 cards tor lOo (stamps
or silver), or 5 free with the American Bee
Journal one year at $1.00 ; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2>o
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPLIES

■t^

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Uovetailed IIire»«, Sectioii»«. Section-Holders,
Sepuralors. Urood-I'^raines, Foundation, !>«nioIiers, Ex-
tractors, !!$bippinjs^-Casrs, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars, it is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' SuDPly Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GoniD Founflailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otner makes?

Because the bees like t best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If Yod Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

The Defender

the National Exponent of the Prohibition
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor and Publisher
400 West 23kd Strhet, NEW YORK, N. Y.
35Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is », very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a motto queen-buttoa
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 button*
for $1.10. Address all orders to

aeOROE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILL

Marshfield Goods |

When you buy those goods you can be assured of good, honest goods. A

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of /

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties. n

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it. A

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. S

Please Mention the American Bee Journal AdJSiTffl?

Mar. 21, 1907

223

Queens

The rtuest in lliu land from

DaNIBI. WUBTn & (iUANT.

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded (loldens.

The (ioldens took First
Premium at every Fair they
were exhibited last year.

Prices: — Untested, $1.00 each; Tested,*!. 50
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN, ARK.

^^" Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork. Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D.W. 6ESt

HARDY

To
introduce this tree
nn<l pain new friends we offer a
1 >r. tree free to property own-
ers. Mailing expense 5 cts. A
postal will bring- it and our cata-
log witli «4 colored plates. Write today.
L The Gardner Nursery Co., Box 815, Osage, la.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen wrltlnx.

J2 Pkts SEEDS T^lf gSf 20c

Beet, Etryr'tiiin ; Cabbage, Sureliead;Car»
^rot, liaiivirs: Com, Kiirly Evergrtn-n; Cu
96 Xcumber, ^^-■^\■ (-'uinberland: X-ettuce'
PAGE \Kaiiv(ur]rd;Mnsk Melon, PaulIios^L-^
CATALOG > Water Melon, Sweetheart; Onion,
FREE TO/ I'lii'.' Tak.-r; Kadish, New Conical;
All /Squash, Murrow; Tomato, Matchless.
/One packet eachforSO cts., coin or
Stamps. FRKE wn'h nrrier; pa<_'ket of New
Kavarian Oats. Mention paper,
W. W. BARNARD CO . Oipt.Q. Klnzle St.. Chrc8<^o.

Mention Bee Journal when vfrltlns.

EVERGREENS

Nurserv grown, hardy everywhere.
1 sizes fur all purposes, lowest
•ices. 50 bargain Ints, first class,
rei)aid ifl to $li» per 100. Also Nurs-
erv grown Forest Trees.
FtlKEt-One beautiful Black Hill
Spruce to every customer. Send
for free Cat, and Bargain Sheet.
D. Hill. Evergreen Specialise
Box 15, Dundee. III.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrttlnx.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to SIS or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, nich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Metal Mothers

Complete fireproof Hatch-
ing- and Brooding Plant
for $7.50. 2 quarts oil will
batch and brood 50 chicks
Our nest system is the
latest discovery. Full line
Poultry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Catalog-.
Write today. CYfLE H.4TCHER
CO , Box O, Keespvillp, \. Y.
Mention Bee Jonmal when 'vrrltins.

Caucasian and Italian

QUEENS

First Premium at .Michigan State Fair,|1906.
Circular tells the rest. A postal gets it.

A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing. Mich.

8Etf

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder" W

BEE-SDPPLIESI

Root's Goods ai Root's rrices I

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. Prompt Service ^j^
Lfow Freight Rates. .•. Catalog Free j^

New jMetulSpaced Frames. Headquarters for the Daozenbaker Hive, the com-
ing hivo for comb-honey experts. It interested in this hive ask for pamphlet
" FACT8 .MIOUT BEES." It is mailed free.

BEESV\ZAX WANTED

I pay highest market price for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade. Make small shipments by express; large shipments by freight, always being
sure to attach your name to the package. My large illustrated catalog is free. I
shall be glad to send it to you. j^k

WALTER S. POUDER $

5i:C-5I.'; :Ylsi!^»>a4'liiisett!>> Ave., I.lll>l A.li APOI.IS, I>l>.

Jonmal irhen vrrltlns*

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season, Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 np,
Correspandence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf

OSWEGO. ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.
10A34t Please mention the Bee Jonmal.

[-^„ O^la 160 Acre Farm and lOO
rUI ddlC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8 room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrtaen vrrltlnc.

Big Profits In Capons

Ctipoiiizini;; Is easy — soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free instructions
postpaid $5.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c
Poultry Marker 25c

.B'rench Killing KnifeSOo

[Capon Book Free.

Arcb St., PUiadelphia ,Pa.

(CAPON
TOOLS

G.P Pilling & Son Co,,

Mention Bee Jonmal vrben vrrltins*

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically iude-
Btructible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb fotindatloa made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of bnylng
rom the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00, Othsr sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

4SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrlttns.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.
Hatch every fertile epK. Lov/eet
priced flrBt-class hatchers made.
Catalogue. * UEO. H. STAHI., Qiilncy, 111.

mention Bee JonmnI irhen wrltta*.
Wi Sill Root's Goods in MroHiaAN

Let ns qnote jou pricea on Sections, Hlvei,
Foundation, etc, as we can save 7on time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Casb.

M. H.HUNT A SON.

Redford, Wavne Co., Mich,

Mention Be« Jonmal vrhen vrrftlac.

Best No. 1 Sections r$iT:ltfn\ ^°c

less. Discounts on DauE, and Root^s hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees
for sale.

6A14t

H. S. Dubu, St. flnne, III.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

Alsike Clover Seed

Alsike is fine for bees, land, pasture or
hay. It is hardy. Present price of seed, f.o.b.,
per bushel, ¥8.00; 6 bushels or more include
sacks; less than 6 bushel orders, sacks 20 cts.
extra. Write for price of Medium Red or
Mammoth Clover Seed. Prices advancing.
Catalog of Apiary Supplies free. Address,

F. A. SNELL, Mllledgeville. Carroll Co., III.
10A4t Please mention the Bee JonrnaL

Western Bee-Keepers ^^^^^'J„

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee- ware made.
THE COLORADO HOJEV-PRODrCERS' 1SS'.\, Denver. Colo,
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonmal,

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the wkole Aplcnltnral Field more

completely than any other pnblished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlsconnta to the Trade.
Mention Bee Jonmal when nrltlas.

224

Mar. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

f »

< »

J9P

I

b

• f

a I

-I ■. s-

r.

• r

iri

4|
i|

i!

jH «-' -'^i^w^iiiffi

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.'

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

♦Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

*Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Walk ins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fruita i- ruit and Produce Ass*n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Oeorgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinoi«>

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.
Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

EvansvUle Vickery Bros.

loTf'a

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angusta Carl F. Buck

• These dealers buy

mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

iVIassacliiisetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

jnaine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

]YIaryIand

Baltimore — Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch T.M.H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill . . . . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

We^' Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

I%ew Vork

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Obio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregfon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utali

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Bntered at the PostOfflce at Chicago ao Second-CIasa Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. Vork & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MARCH 21, 1907

VoLXLVU— No, 12

Swarm Leaving Colony Hopelessly
Queenless

The following question and answer are
taken froai the report of the Ontario conven-
tion in the Canadian Bee Journal :

Q.— Will a colony cast an afterwarm with
the last queen leaving the parent colony hope-
lessly queenless?

Mr. Alpaugh — I would say, Yes, once in a
while, but not very frequently. I have had
them do such a thing several times in my
time. I have returned them 4 or 5 times with
the young queen back into a colony, and they
came out, and they had no queen left, and
yet the queen would go out with the swarm.
I put her back, and she would do that time
after time. I do not know the reason.

Plan of Giving Sections

D. M. M., in the British Bee Journal, gives
this as the plan he followed in giving to the
bees supers of sections, or " racks," as he
calls them :

All racks were given above the others,
rather before there was any clamant need,
but these were placed below when taken pos-
session of by the bees, and the nearly-full
ones raised above to seal. At the same opera-
tion an empty rack was placed above all the
others to act as a cooler.

That differs at least a little from the usual
practise, and is worth considering.

Mr. Cowan on Names of Brood-Ois-

eases

In the British Bee Journal, an editorial evi-
dently written by Thos. Wm. Cowan — a man
whose word counts for much in regard to
brood-diseases — commenting upon the pam-
phlet, "The Brood-Diseases of Bees,'' by Dr.
E. F. Phillips, takes issue with some of its con-
clusions in the following words :

That there are two forms of foul brood, a
mild and a virulent one, has long been ad-

mitted, but we aiu certainly not yet prepared
to allow that these differ from American foul
brood upon the slender evidence adduced.
The symptoms and characteristics of Ameri-
can foul brood, as described by Dr. Phillips,
correspond with those of foul brood as we
have it here, and such as we found in the
United States when we first visited the api-
aries at Medina, in 1887. We have since that
time had the opportunity of seeing specimens
of foul brood in the States and Canada, and In
every case the symptoms were similar. Slight
variations occur, but there was always the
distinctive ropiness and unpleasant odor
which can be compared to bad glue. We have
also seen many specimens from different
parts of Europe and Africa always with the
same characteristics.

Our first acquaintance with black brood, or
" New fork bee-disease," as it was at that time
called, was made some years ago in Califor-
nia. This was sent from New York State by
Mr. West, a State bee-inspector, and on ex-
amining it we at once saw that it differed
from what we called foul brood, for, although
the outward appearance of the comb was
similar, the distinctive ropinees and odor were
absent. Notwithstanding that our experience
with foul brood was pretty extensive, and
dated back for more than 35 years, this was
the first time we had come in contact with
black brood. It was entirely unknown to us
except from descriptions in the journals, and
not a single sample had been sent to the
British Bee Journal office for diagnosis. Last
year, however, we began receiving from time
to time specimens of dead brood differing in a
marked degree from any we had previously
seen in this country, and which corresponded
in nearly every particular with the descrip-
tion given of black brood, and they at once
reminded us of that we saw in California.

Black brood is of quite recent occurrence
here, and we naturally hesitate to accept the
statement defining it as " European foul
brood," or the assertion of Dr. White, that it
is caused by Bucilltts alvei. To say the least,
it is quite possible that Dr. White has made a
mistake, just as others have done, and has
cultivated one of the numerous saprophytic
bacteria found in bees. It appears to ns that
the most important test has been omitted,
and until that has been made successfully
our judgment must be suspended. The test

we allude to is to prove that the disease can
be reproduced in healthy brood from a pure
culture of Dr. White's Bacillus Uirme. showing
the characteristic symptoms of foul brood —
that is, the ropiness and odor. We know that
this was done by Mr. Cheshire with JlitciHus
alvei, but we can not see that Dr. White has
hitherto been able to reproduce the disease
with his microbe. Until this has been done
the investigations and the conclusions arrived
at are of little value so far as solving the
question is concerned.

in Case of Losing All of One's Bees

A reading of the following letter can not
fail to arouse sympathy, while raising the
question whether our correspondent is mak-
ing the wisest stand:

George W. York & Co.— I am sorry to
say that I will have to ask you to discontinue
sending ray copy of the American Bee Jour-
nal. I have been among bees here and in
England on and off for the last 40 years, but
never ran up against anything in the bee-line
as I have the last 4 years. Oiu-c in n iclille
you can not take the honey away fast enough
here, but the last 3 years bees have not pro-
duced enough to live on.

Two years ago I knew of 250 colonies with-
in a radius of 5 miles of my place, and to-day
I can not count 25. I know of two friends
who had 20 and 31 colonies; to-day they have
none, like myself; so if that is not discourag-
ing, what is?

I got in enough supplies after our big crop,
3 years ago, to carry me through another
such a season, and to-day I have the sarne
supplies on hand and not a single bee, but 50
empty hives. If I ever get hold of another
colony I will surely subscribe again for the
American Bee Journal, for no man with one
colony should be without it.

Jno. T. Paihtbr.

P. S.— I know you will say I get discour-
aged too easily. Well, since 1885 or 1S86,
when we all, around here (the late Mr. Clute
included), got barrels of honey, I have known
only one t/ood year, and that was in 1904 ; and
that is the average, I find, for around here for
good crops. J- T. P.

There are bee-keepers who accept with
complacency a disastrous year, if indeed they
do not rejoice over it. And not without rea-
son, for your experienced bee-keeper will
tell you : " Even if I should lose every colony
I have I don't know but I would gain by it
in the long run. For it will drive out of the
business some of those slouchy bee-owners
who can hardly be called bee-keepers, and
when they're out of the way I'll get enough
more for my honey to make up for the loss."

All this aside, let us consider what is the

226

Mar. 21, 1907

American l^ee Journal

wise thing to do when some circumstance, or
combination of circumstances, happens to
leave beeless a man who has previously had
reasonable success at the business.

Let us put the case in a very simple, con-
crete form. Suppose a bee-keeper has a
varied flora of such limited amount that the
bees get enough from different sources to give
them a good support, but from nothing do
they store any surplus for their owner except
from the single source — basswood. Now,
suppose the demand for that sort of timber
has made a clean sweep, and not a basswood
tree is left. It is not even necessary to
suppose that he has lost his bees, for what
good are bees if they yield no surplus? What
is the wise thing to be done?

If the bee-keeper be running a large farm
successfully, with 10 or 20 colonies of bees as
a very subordinate interest, the matter is very
simple; the bees can go, and he can do very
well without them, unless it be that he can
replace the basswood by alfalfa, sweet clover,
or some other crop that is profitable aside
from its honey.

Suppose, however, that our bee-keeper is a
very successful specialist, all other interests
being subsidiary to bee-keeping. Loss of
pasture simply means loss of location, and he
will at once seek another field.

But these are unusual cases. Let us take a
more common case, that of our correspondent,
which is not unlike what many, many others
have experienced. Seasons have been dis-
couraging, and now that he finds himself
without bees it is a good lime to quit. Rather,
he has quit, and the question is whether he
shall stay quit. As factors in the problem we
have a stock of hives, probably supplied with
combs, supplies enough for a good crop, and
the experience gained from keeping bees 20
years or more. The problem is to decide
whether these are all to be thrown away, or
to be continued in use by the investment of
enough money to purchase one or more colo-
nies for a fresh start.

The decision depends upon what may be
considered the reasonable expectation for the
next year and succeeding years. If there are
to be no more good years, better stay quit.
The fact that 2 or 3 years ago there was a
good year shows that the sources are not cut
off, but that the freaky thing we call
"weather," or some other thing that we do
not understand, has caused a dearth in spite
of the possible presence of bloom in abun-
dance during many of the past 20 years. No
one knew in advance that 1904 would be a
good year. Why is not 1907 just as likely to
be good as bad? It is a rather remarkable
thing that so many years in succession should
be bad. It would be still more remarkable if
the next 20 years should be similar, and so
why may not the next 30 be just as good as
the past 20 were bad? Then, too, it must be
remembered that within the past 2 years nine-
tenths of the bees have been wiped out; prac-
tically giving 10 times the pasture there was 2
years ago. Given the expectations that may
reasonably be founded on such data, is it not
the wise thing to make a fresh start, even if
it be by sending hundreds of miles for a
nucleus?

Now for the closely related question :

" Shall our correspondent continue taking a
bee-paper?" With no bees there is no need
of one, although there may be a few with
such interest as to continue reading one
although never expecting to keep bees again.
Our correspondent says :

" If I ever get hold of another colony I will
surely subscribe again for the American Bee
Journal, for no man with one colony should
be without it."

Ton may put it down as a pretty sure thing
that the man that talks in that kind of way is
not going to be satisfied till he " gets hold of

another colony." Self-interest at this end of
the line would naturally incline to the opin-
ion that in the interim he should continue to
take a bee-paper. But is that not really to
his own interest? A dollar spent in keeping
himself informed as to all the forward move-
ments may keep him in such trim that when he
does take hold again he will get back his dol-
lar many limes over in increased results. Such
being the case, unless he has decided in the
most positive manner that he will never keep
bees more, is he wise to allow his favorite
paper to lapse tor a single week?

0) iscel laneou^
ileitis - Items

Mr. Robert B. Ross. Jr , of Montreal,
Canada, was a caller at this oflnee recently
when on his way home from a business trip
to British Columbia. Mr. Ross keeps a dozen
colonies of bees, more for recreation and
study than for the financial profit derived
from them. He is a very pleasant gentleman
to meet, and is intensely devoted to the study
of the bee.

The National Association, on March
11, had 2271 members. So it is still growing.
The 250O mark should be reached very soon.

General Manager France has been busy
lately helping the bee-keepers of several
States to get laws on bee-diseases. This is a
good work, and perhaps no other organization
can help as much along that line as can the
National. We hope that before many more
years pass, every State will have on its statute
books such laws as may be necessary to stamp
out at least the principal bee-diseases.

few years that the Company was incoporated
for the purpose of handling the business in a
satisfactory manner. The oflicers of the Com-
pany elected for the ensuing year were: S.
J. Griggs, President, Treasurer, and Manager ;
D. D. Griggs, Vice-President; and W. R.
Nichols, Secretary. Nearly all of the stock
was promptly subscribed, being taken by
some of Toledo's most infiuential business
men.

Griggs Bros, were among our advertisers
last year, and we hope that they will soon be
again represented in our columns through the
new concern of Griggs Bros, & Nichols Co.,
which, we take it, is " out to win."

The Washington State Convention

of bee-keepers was held at North Yakima,
Feb. 4, 1907. The following officers were
elected: President, Isaac Hays; Vice-Presi-
dent, Hans Muram; Secretary, Virgil Sires, of
North Yakima; and Treasurer, August W.
Sipp. Vice-presidents for each county of the
State of Washington will be voted for at the
next meeting.

We are informed that there are two Bills
now before the Washington State Legislature,
one for the appointment of a State Inspector
of Apiaries, and another to amend the foul
brood law which was passed 2 years ago.

Carrying Bees Under Difficulties. —

The following has been sent us by Mr. Irving
Long, of Missouri, which we reproduce for
our newer readers, as we believe we pub-
lished the same amusing story several years
ago:

A German bee-keeper undertook to carry
some of his choicest bees to a bee-show. He
took a train in Hanover with his bees in a
basket at his feet. The bees escaped from the
basket and crawled up hi.s trousers legs. His
actions soon aroused suspicions in the hearts
of two women who occupied the same com-
partment with him. They pulled the bell-cord
and stopped the train. When the bee-fancier
explained the situation he was placed in an
empty compartment to have it out with the
bees all by himself. Here he removed his
trousers and began shaking them out of the
window to free them of the swarm. Unfortu-
nately they caught a telegraph pole and were
swept away, bees, money and all. At the
next station the irate station-master brought
forth the reluctant bee-fancier in a rug and
he pawned his watch to acquire decent rai-
ment to walk back along the line in search of
his bees and his trousers.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.'s

Apiary appears in the picture on the first
page. They are successors to Griggs Bros.
The Company was incorporated in October,
1900, with a capital stock of $15,000. The in-
corporators were S. J. Griggs, D. D. Griggs,
J. R. Griggs, W. R. Nichols, and F. W.
Neithart. It seems the business of Griggs
Bros, had increased to such an extent the last

The Apiary of Geo. H. Adkins, and

also his home, are shown on the first page.
He sent us the following description under
date of Feb. 25 :

Editor York:— The photograph shows
my home and part of my apiary, located
within 2 miles of where Ethan Allen de-
manded the surrender of Fort Ticonderoga.

Mar. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

As I am wriliDR, our part of the counlry Is
covered with snow, and the weather at zero.

I have kept bees for l(i years, and have
been a subscriber to the American liee Jour-
nal for that length of time. I would not be
without it it I did not have over 5 colonies of
bees.

In the spring of 1906 I had 30 colonies,
which were increased to M, and I got 1700
pounds of honey, which brought me ?32.'j.

After returning from the National conven-
tion at San Antonio, Tex., last November, I
bought 24 colonies of bees, which makes my
number 74.

We are having a very cold, hard winter,
and the bees have had only one Might since
November, and that was on Feb. LS. I
am expecting a heavy loss of bees, but I hope
I will be disappointed in that regard.

The building at the right in the picture is
my honey-house and work-shop, which was
not completed at the time the picture was
taken.

My trip to the San Antonio convention, and
the meeting of my brother bee-keepers, will
long be remembered; and also our stay at the
Grand Central Hotel. But I feel like saying,
" Home, Sweet Home;" no place like home
and contentment. I hope to meet my brother
bee-keepers some time in the future, in con-
vention, that will be as friendly and as hos-
pitable as were our Southern bee-brethren at
San Antonio. Geo. H. Adkins.

Advertising in the Bee Journal.—

We have received the following from Walter
S. Pouder, of Indianapolis, Ind., which
should be of interest to advertisers and those
who ought to advertise :

Friend York :— Six weeks ago I believed
that I was overstocked on extracted honey. I
placed a honey advertisement in the American
Bee Journal, and tor the past 10 days I have
been refusing orders and refunding money.
Surely, the readers of the American Bee Jour-
nal have confidence in its advertisers. I tear
I have not enough honey left to supply my
local demand till new crop arrives, and I can
not replace my stock.

Truly yours, Walter S. Pouder.

It pays not only to advertise honey in the
American Bee Journal, but also bees, queens,
bee-supplies, etc. — in fact, anything that bee-
keepers and people in general need. Yoa
can't expect many people to patronize you
unless you first let them know what you have
for sale. Of course, we do not guarantee that
any one can make a fortune by advertising in
the American Bee Journal or in any other
paper, but such advertising should help
greatly, provided you have something to offer
that is wanted, and also that the price is
right.

"Liangstroth on the Honey-Bee" —

the well-known bee-book revised by the
Dadants — recently passed into another edi-
tion. There have been some 75 pages added
to it, and the whole work brought down to
date in every respect. It is certainly a fine
book, and should be read by every bee-keeper.
It is really a classic. To become acquainted
with the great Langstroth through the read-
ing of his book is no small thing. Other bee-
books are good, but there is only one "Lang-
stroth on the Honey-Bee." The latest re-
vised edition will be sold at the same price as
the one preceding, which is -*1.20, postpaid.
We still have a few copies of the old edition
on hand, which we will mail at 90 cents each,
if preferred, so long as they last. We club
the new edition of this book with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal for one year — both for f 2.00.
So long as we have any copies left of the old
edition, we will send it with the American Bee
Journal one year — both for $1.80.

anadian

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Markham, Ont.

Successful Wintering of Bees

"The bee-keeper who has not solved the
wintering problem to the extent that he can
winter his bees as well as he can his cows,
has much yet to learn." — Allen Latham.

" For it must lie said that we can not as yet
bring our bees through a winter with that
degree of certainty and uniformity that is
possible with sheep, horses, cattle, and domes-
tic fowls."— F. Greiner.

The two foregroing' quotations are
taken from the February issue of the
American Bee-Keeper. Naturally, a
lot of us will be curious to know who
is right, and I expect, as a matter of
experience, the majority will be in-
clined to agree with Mr. Greiner. Yet
this does not prove that Mr. Latham is
wrong, for I believe that the most of
us will consent to eat humble pie to
the extent that we will confess that we
have " much yet to learn," whether it
be about wintering or any other
branch of apiculture.

But the worst of the matter is, that I
fear we do not live up to the knowledge
we have as regards wintering ; in fact,
there is no other part of the business
that we are inclined to take so much
risks in. Nearly all our text-books
teach that for outdoor wintering in a
cold climate, the bees should be on no
more combs than the cluster can cover.
No better advice could be given, yet
how many put it into practise ? The
reason is, that in about 3 years out of
4 the bees winter fairly well without
going to the trouble of contracting the
hive, and that fourth year is apt, very
often, to knock things out in bad
shape. As we have no means of know-
ing when this fourth year will come,
the only sensible conclusion is to pre-
pare the bees every year as though we
were sure of a very severe winter.
Even if the hard winter doesn't come,
I feel pretty sure that the extra work
will be well paid for, anyway.

Then as to the matter of stores:
Some seasons a lot of inferior honey is
stored in the brood-nest ; in fact,
enough for wintering without going to
the expense (?) of feeding. We remem-
ber that one year, when wintering on
just such stores, over half of the colo-
nies perished ; but we also remember
that one other mild winter the bees
wintered fairly well on the same kind
.of food. As the season had been none
too good, and, as a consequence, money
none too plenty, we decided to risk the
bees wintering on this inferior honey
and run chances of another mild win-
ter. No doubt many can speak of ex-
periaijces under like conditions, when

the mild winter failed to materialize,
and, instead, we had a very severe
season.

Personally , I have never had a severe
loss in wintering, yet what losses I
have had might have been avoided;
and I unhesitatingly say that ;/ I take
the necessary precautions, and do the
required amount of work, that one year
with another, I can winter my bees
just as safelv as lean the cattle and
other domestic stock. There is no
boast about this whatever ; on the con-
trary, as before intimated, we feel that
any bee-keeper of ordinary intelligence
can do the same, provided he lives up
to the knowledge he has, and, in com-
mon with your humble servant, cease
taking riiks, whether it be as to
quality of stores or any other factor
which we know to be a necessary ad-
junct towards insuring good wintering
of bees.

Making a Cover-Feeder

Since the description of my cover-
feeder appeared, it has occurred to
me that a great many bee-keepers
who make their own supplies will de-
cide that it is too difiBcult an arrange-
ment to make by hand. The drawing
showed the ends to be in one piece with
grooves to receive the 2 floors of the
cover. As I have a circular saw and
power, I make the most of my covers
in this way, but I have made some by
hand which are equally as good, and
which any one can make who can
handle a saw and hammer.

The 2 floors are about 1 inch wider
and ZYi inches longer than the hive-
body. On the under side of the lower
floor, at each end, is nailed a cleat 1-
inch square and as long as the floor is
wide. These cleats are to keep the
cover securely on the hive. On the
upper side of the lower floor, at each
end is nailed a cleat 1 inch thick and 2

inches wide, and the same length as
the lower cleat. On top of these wide
cleats is nailed the upper floor, and the
whole is covered with a heavy grade of
felt rooting, and painted with two
coats of thick white lead. This roofing
is cut long enough to project down
over the ends, and is secured there by
nails and large tin washers.

Of course, the openings in the sides

Mar. 21, 1907

American l^ee Journal

of the cover are closed in the same way
as described in the cover, on page 72.
There is practically no difference in
the 2 covers, except the one here de-
scribed has its floors separated by two
2-inch cleats on edge, while the cover
described on page 72, had its ends
grooved to separate the floors.

This cover has proven itself so val-
uable to me that 1 do not want the dif-
ficulty of making the first-described
cover to hinder any one from giving it
atrial. H.A.Smith.

Ontario, Canada.

A Fire— Canadian
Sold

Bee Journal

The following is taken from the Feb-
ruary issue of the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal, which was delayed as explained :

In explanatiOQ of the lateness of this issue,
our readers will regret to learn that a serious
fire occurred in the bee-keepers' department
of the Goold, Shaplej tt Mulr Company on
the morning of Feb. 11th, which, besides the
loss effected, has upset their plans and pur-
poses very considerably. Owing to the in-
jury done to the wood-workiDg part of their
building and plant, delays would naturally
occur, which might seriously incoavenience
their customers and agencies who are depend-
ing upon them lor the season's supplies, and
as a number of large orders are already on
hand requiring immediate attention, it was
decided on the part of the Company to nego-
tiate with some reliable Canadian tirm, fully
equipped with wood-working machinery, for
the manufacture of these goods. In conse-
quence of this, a sale has been consummated to
the Ham & Nott Company of this city, who
are extensive manufacturers in the wood
lines, and who have large connections through-
out the country; all the Goold, Shapley &
Muir Company's interests in the beekeepers'
supply business, together with the Canadian
Bee Journal. The new Company will issue
their circular to bee-keepers, with catalog and
price-list, within the next few days, and oper-
ations will be commenced at once.

We can heartily recommend our successors,
Messrs. Ham it Nott Company, to the bee-
keepers of Canada, as business men of fidelity
and enterprise, and who will, no doubt, make
a success of this business, as they have of
other lines. We desire to thank our bee-
keeping friends for their patronage and con-
fidence during these many years that we have
been doing business with them, and we wish
them every prosperity as the outlook for the
industry increases and brightens in the
Dominion.

[While regretting the loss by fire that
has come to the Goold, Shapley & Muir
Company, which, seemingly, has neces-
sitated the transfer of their bee-supply
business and bee-paper to the Ham &
Nott Company, we wish the latter tirm
every success in their new undertak-
ings.— Editor.]

Why Not Advertise ? — There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

The Hershiskr Wax-Press.

So 200 pounds of remainders from
the solar wax-extractor yielded in Mr.
Hershiser's hands 70,'4' pounds of wax.
I take it, 200 pounds of old combs of
the black and heavy sort, in ordinary
hands, and with wash-boiler treatment,
would have yielded much less than 70
pounds, possibly less than half that
quantity. Mr. H. seems to be the head
of the procession in wax-matters. On
the whole, I guess we must vote him a
benefactor. Page 88-90.

Raspberry a Heavy Yieldbr.

The report of 21 pounds in one day
from raspberry, as made by S. D.
Chapman, is rather surprising — at least
to me. I thought that nothing but
basswood ran up to figures like that.
Page 91.

Non-Swarming Hives.

We would put a low estimate on the
man who could not get enthusiastic
over his own baby. Let's try and re-
member that while taking stock of Mr.
Aspinwall and his hive. Always more
than twice the surplus, as tested with
common hives having the same number
of frames. Just think of getting non-
swarming and such a bonus as that
thrown in I He thinks the queen's free
access to every part of the hive is
needed for a non-swarmer. I gues5,
perhaps, he is right about that. (Yet
Bingham, on page 96, thinks just the
contrary.) So Mr. A. dispenses with
queen-excluders ; and in hives where
the combs are well spread out with
spacers the queen keeps down without
them. But pollen in the sections both-
ered him ; and he keeps that out by
filling the sections with foundation of
drone size. Page 92.

Respiration of Plants and Bees.

I believe the fact that plants in the
daytime take in carbon and pour out
oxygen, while at night they do just the
opposite thing, used to be considered a
pretty high-class scientific puzzle.
With Prof. Cook's lucid statements it
scarcely even looks like a puzzle.
Nutrition causes carbon to betaken in ;
and respiration causes carbon to be
sent out. Nutrition can not go on ex-
cept with sunlight. Respiration goes
on all the time, but handles less carbon
than nutrition does when that is in
full blast.

The reason why bees and other in-
sects do not have red oxide of iron in
their blood is also lucid. In a^mals

it is needed as a carrier of oxygen ;
while in insects the air itself is piped
all over the body, and no carrier of
oxygen is needed.

Sounds strange to hear that a bee's
heart has no arteries or veins attached
to it. Just one long valved tube to
take the blood from the tail and carry
it to the head — and let it percolate back
again as best it may. Curious that so
crude and unsatisfactory looking a
circulatory system should be found in
company with a respiratory system so
complex and well-looking. Page 107.

Some Inexcusable Errors.

In my corner, on page 95, some
bungles worry me: Not "brood-
frames," but 6road-ira.mes hold my
sections ; and wood surface was not
" punctured," but punctuated with dabs
of propolis. The former error is so
frequent a one that some brother has
said we should always say "wide
frames." A mirth-provoking error of
of the same class occurs on page 108,
where Mr. Gallup's bees were venti-
lated through a 2-inch "pole," in lieu
of a 2-inch hole.

Bees that "Know Beans."

That beans yield abundance of honey
of excellent color and quality in Califor-
nia and rather seldom attract a single
bee in the eastern half of the continent,
is one of those problems not easy to
solve. That the more cosmopolitan
bees of the Pacific Coast " know beans "
while ours do not — well, we do not take
very kindly to that solution. Page 107.

A Cold Experiment.

To give 16-degree-below-zero weather
free access into a hive at both top and
bottom all night is a pretty savage
sort of experiment. We are glad to
learn, however, that the same colony
stored honey all right the next sum-
mer. Nevertheless, young brother,
don't you travel on that revelation very
much. Just make your bees for winter
as warm and snug as ever you can.
Pa^e 108.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal lor a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
futiu'e reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

Mar. 21, 1907

229

^>;%r>-^<^^^^^Am^rican Hee Journal

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Articles

No. 1.— Feeding and Feeders
—Spring Feeding

BV C. P. DADANT.

During the past season a great many
bees have been short of stores, owing
to the scanty honey crop. Many colo-
nies were fed for winter, but many more
will need feeding during the spring.
It must be borne in mind that there is
about as much honey consumed after
the real cold weather has passed, as is
consumed during the hardest of win-
ter, because tlie bees must spend a great
deal to rear brood at a time when the
yield from the fields is ne.xt to nothing.
It is also known that when the bees are
wintered in the cellar, they consume
even more honey afterwards, because
there is no breeding, or very little
breeding, in the cellar.

In addition to feeding for the neces-
sary support of the colony in years of
scarcity, many people also feed bees in
small amounts to induce breeding, in
the spring, even if they are not short
of stores. It has been stated somewhere
lately, that if bees are fed sugar syrup
wlien they are not destitute, they
will store a portion of this feed in the
supers, and thus run the risk of fur-
nishing spurious honey. Such an oc-
currence can not take place, for two or
three reasons. First, no one should
leave the supers on the hive during the
fall, winter or spring. If the supers
are left on at any other than the time
of the crop, they will become soiled
by the travel of the bees ; they will be
glued up w-ith a large amount of pro-
polis which the bees gather in quantity
during the months of dearth and fail
weather ; and in the winter the supers
will prevent the bees from concentrat-
ing the heat in the brood-nest. In all
my bee-keeping experience. I have never
committed the blunder of leaving the
supers on the hives after the honey
crop. Neither should these supers be
put on the hive until the crop is at hand,
when there is no need of feeding.

Feeding bees in such an amount as
would induce them to put honey, oi
some of the feed, into the supers, would
be inadvisable and unprofitable. As long
as such amounts of food are given as
will induce them to increase their breed-
ing previous to the honey crop, there is
a profit in it, because the bee-keeper is
then like the wise general who sees
to it that his regiments are complete be-
fore he marches them to battle. But if
an overdose is given, the bees will be-
gin to produce comb from the food
given, and, in that case, since it takes
no less than 7 to 10 pounds, and perhaps
more, of honey to produce one pound

of comb, we will soon find out that there
is a loss in overfeeding. In addition,
if we overdo the feeding, the cells that
should be used for brood may be filled
with the honey, and the queen may be
cramped for want of room to deposit
her eggs. So feeding to induce breed-
ing must be done with a great deal of
circumspection.

Yet, there is no doubt that stimula-
tive feeding is advantageous, especially
if it is done at a time the bees have
only sealed honey left, in moderate
quantity. The honey which has been
preserved through the winter is thick,
and in order to dilute it properly to
prepare the larval food, the bees are
compelled to go to the nearest water
and bring a quantity of this water to the
hive. All bee-keepers have seen the
bees pumping water from troughs,
around wells, or from marshy places,
in spring. They will go out on a very
cold day, when it is hardly warm enough
for them to fly about, and will bring
some of this cold water to the hive.
It is evidently used to dilute the too-
thick honey, for just as soon as negtar
is found in the flowers we see a decrease
in the number of bees around the horse-
troughs. When the crop is well on, this
water-transportation ceases nearly al-
together, to be taken up again as soon
as the crop ceases. The nectar of the
flowers' is usually sufficiently thin to
make good larval food without the ad-
dition of water.

Now, many of our practical apiarists
save their bees the trouble of transport-
ing this cold water, by giving them a
small amount of sufficiently liquid food
to fill the requirements. This food is
warm when given. Just think of the
difference between having to go out in
the cold to get water — cold water — and
finding this water in the hive, warm and
sweet enough to serve the purposes for
which it is intended !

Yet the practice of feeding for tlie
stimulation of breeding is not generally
followed, and is opposed by some noted
bee-keepers. This is because it requires
a great deal of care and attention, and
in some instances it is overdone. But
whether we wish to feed to stimulatp
breeding or simply to keep the colony
from starvation, the fact remains, that
feeding is often necessary. Warm food
a little thinner than would be given m
the fall, and in smaller amounts, is
needed in spring feeding. As to the
nature of the food. I think diluted gran-
ulated sugar is the best — even better

than honey because it has less odor,

and is less apt to cause robbing. We
must remember tliat the bees have e.x-
cellent olfactory organs, that the least
odor is noticed b.\- them. But thev are

most attracted by the odor of the prod-
uct they consume — honey — as well as
by the odors of the hive, the smell of
old combs, the odor of the queen, etc.
So it is of some importance to give them
food which does not attract the neigh-
bors, for the colonies which need the
most nourishment are often the least
powerful and would be the most easily
robbed. On the other' hand, if inex-
perienced people think that by feeding
sugar syrup in spring we run risk of
causing adulteration, they may easily
be undeceived. The food given by a
careful bee-keeper will all be used up
before the beginning of the crop. Other-
wise he would have an unprofitable ac-
count on his hands. If he is in doubt
as to what he should do, let him only
supply the bees in their needs.

.•\fter this preliminary statement con-
cerning spring feeding, I will take into
consideration the feeders in use, and
their qualities and defects, for no
feeder has yet been devised which is
exempt from defects.

Hamilton, 111.

Effect of the Pure Food Law
on Honey

BY W. W. MCNEAL.

The National Pure Food Law may
not mean so much to honey-producers,
after all, unless it is sufficient to save
them from their own follies. The adul-
teration of honey is a most culpable act,
no matter how it is done. But the de-
mand for honey will not be increased
materially, nor the price advanced, sim-
ply by curtailing the traffic in glucose.
It is commonly believed by consumers
that pure honey will not granulate, and
since glucose retards the natural tend-
ency of honey to candy, it follows, as
a matter of fact, that a compound of
that kind will be looked upon with bet-
ter favor than any article which shows
a disposition to granulate. The fight
for renewed integrity and better prices
must be waged more particularly
against adulteration with cane-sugar.
While the standard of conduct bee-keep-
ers hang up for themselves continues to
look bad under the lime-light, the pub-
lic will not take kindly to anything
that ma}- be said about pure honey
granulating. Honey-producers should
study their occupation more from the
standpoint of the consumer ; should see
themselves as others see them.

The time has fully arrived for the
introduction of extracted honey in the
granulated form. But it will requirs
something more than the persuasive in-
fluence of a new law to convince an
incredulous public that some of the lies
told about manufactured honey are not
true. What does it avail one under
present conditions to produce a gilt-edge
article when such exceeding taste only
serves to confirm the belief of the con-
sumer that it was really manufactured?
It is lamentable that such a state of
affairs exists : and, moreover, that it
should foster slovenly habits in the pre-
paration of honey for market. But it
need not be so if the fraternity will act
in concert for the betterment of these
conditions.

230

Mar. 21, 1907

Amarican ^ee Journal

The education of the people to the
true nature of honej' is most essential
at the present time, and, hke charity, it
should begin at home. Every one who
is familiar with honey knows very well
that nearly all kinds of pure honey will
granulate sooner or later. No real bene-
fit can be derived from trying to de-
vise means to prevent it, while such
means only tends to keep alive the old
delusion that pure honey never granu-
lates. If every owner of bees in this
country would convert a few of the most
skeptically inclined among his acquaint-
ances, by practical demonstration in the
apiary during the season of 1907, and
send them out as eye-witnesses to the
methods employed in the production of
honest honey, there would soon be a re-
versal of public opinion in regard to
manufactured honey.

There can be no substantial rise in
the price of honey so long as the con-
sumer believes it to be largely composed
of granulated sugar. He has access to
the same source, and granulated sugar
makes a fine syrup for table use. He
may be expected to exercise the same
business judgment in the purchase of
sweets as in other things, and the cheap-
er article will be substituted for daily
consumption, and honey only for
"state" occasions.

Extracted honey has been regarded
with even blacker suspicions than comb
honey, for it granulates more readily,
and can be aduUerated more easily with
glucose.

I think adulteration with sugar is
more often practiced in the production
of comb honey, for its identity is al-
most entirely lost when blended with
pure nectar by the bees while engaged
in the process of comb-building. Its
identity may be lost in sp far as ordin-
ary means of detection go. But a wrong
committed cannot be justified by art
in the practice of deception. Chemical
analysis, if it counts for anything,
should be able to tear away the gild-
ed mask and reveal the act in all its
ugliness.

I cannot see tiie fairness in selling
comb honey by the piece, or by the
case, while extracted honey must be
sold by weight. Neither can I see why
the latter should be labeled according
tothe nature of the contents, vifhile any-
thing stored in honey-comb is not sub-
ject to the same rule or law. There
should be equity in all cases. The con-
sumer who buys comb honey is en-
titled to 16 ounces to the pound, just
the same as when he buys extracted.
Those who insist on the right to dis-
criminate when they have comb honey
to sell, should be willing to be governed
in like manner when purchasing their
own table supplies. But it seldom proves
that way. No cat-in-the-bag business
"goes" with them when the farmer
brings butter, or the grocery-man coffee
and sugar. It's a poor rule that won't
work both ways.

Confidence in one's integity or verac-
ity is more potent than law in building
up a honey market. That which in-
stills confidence of the right sort is not
the legitimate fruit of civil law. The
people want better reasons for their
faith in humanity than laws of their
own making. There have been good

laws on the statute books saying "Thou
shalt not," ever since our ablest men
were little boys, "and then some ;" yet
people lock their doors just the same,
and take no man's worti for anything
where money is involved. Law is all
right in a way, but the power that
causes one to do right for right's sake
emanates from a source beyond the
jurisdiction of civil law. The old, old
admonition to do unto others as we
would wish to be done by, is a mighty
safe rule to follow in all temporal af-
fairs, including the honey-business. But
we must advertise and let people know
who we are, and what we are. No pains
should be spared to enlighten the pur-
chaser in regard to the different colors
and flavors of honey, and, above all, its
tendency to granulate. If he is allowed
to go on his way with no word of ex-
planation, either verbal or by the print-
ed page, he is almost sure to gather
wrong impressions, and say damaging
things about honey.

Legislation for the restoration of con-
fidence and better prices must in very
truth put a ban on sugar as well as
glucose. Here is hoping for pure honey
and a general toning up in the demand
for it. We don't need better prices, for
the consumer is already chafing under
the burden of high prices. What can
we hope for by pushing the price up
still higher?

Wheelersburg, Ohio.

Putting Bees Out of the
Cellar

BY G. M. nOOLITTLE.

I see by the bee-papers that bee-keep-
ers have trouble with their bees mixing
when setting them from the cellar in
early spring. And this is not confined
to the novice alone, for I see some of
our oldest and most practical apiarists
report that through an east wind or hot
weather when setting the bees out, some
of the colonies become strong beyond
measure, and others correspondingly
weak, through the bees "drifting" over
certain parts of the apiary, or congre-
gating more thickly in certain places
than others, until half of the hives are
far too populous tor the best welfare
of both the bees and their keeper; while
other colonies become so weak from
this loss of bees, that they are unprofit-
able entirely, unless there is a late flow
of honey from fall flowers.

To overcome such mixing of bees on
their first flight in spring, various plans
have been proposed, such as setting the
bees out at night, putting each colony
on the stand it occupied before, etc.
The putting-out-at-night plan is ex-
tremely risky, for we cannot tell with
any assurance but what the weather
may become so cold by morning that
the bees can not fly, and should it con-
tinue so for any length of time, as fre-
quently happens, the bees suffer much
more than they would had they not
been disturbed. And as to putting each
colony on the same stand it occupied
the preceding season, we more often
than otherwise do not want to do it.
Those who are familiar with bees know
that the young bees, when it comes out

of the hive for the first time, marks its^
location by turning its head toward the
hive upon taking wing, when it com-
mences flying in front of the hive in
circles, each circle growing larger as it
goes further from the hive, until it is
lost from sight. In this way the exact
spot of "home" is located, after which
no more precaution needs be taken,
for it seems to remember ever after
where home is. For this reason it leaves
its hive on all subsequent times in a
direct line of flight, never looking at the
hive at all, so that if the hive is after-
ward carried to a new location the
older bees do not seem to know it (un-
less carried two or more miles away),
but sally forth only to return to the
exact spot where they first marked their
home, there to die a homeless wan-
derer, unless there are other hives near
at hand which will admit their entrance.

Now, while as a rule, this is true, no-
matter whether the hive is moved at
night or in the day time, yet I find that
there are two exceptions, one of which
is in case of a swarm, and the other is
the first flight in spring. While the
bees always seem to know where their
old location was, so that the swarm,
or bees in the spring, can return if
they so desire, still a swarm does not
so desire except from loss of the queen,
nor do bees in spring, if set out in
the following manner :

As soon as the hive is brought out-
side of the cellar door, close the en-
trance with a wet cotton-cloth, one suf-
ficiently large so it will tuck snugly alt
about so as to leave no holes through
which the bees can see the light. In
this way the bees are securely shut iri
the hive, for there is nothing that a bee
dislikes to crowd by more than a cloth
saturated with cold water. By having a
lighted smoker both at the cellar door,
and at the stand we wish the colony to
occupy, we are ready to advance our
aims further. As soon as the wet cloth
is snugly over the entrance, turn back
one corner of the wet cloth and blow m
smoke till a loud hum greets your ears,
when you are ready to carry the hive to
its stand. Now put a clean, sweet
bottom-board on the stand the colony
is to occupy during the season, when
you will turn back a corner of the wet
cloth again and blow in about the same
amount of smoke that you did at the
entrance of the cellar, tucking back the
wet cloth again, when you will pro-
ceed to loosen the bottom-board from
the hive by prying out the crate-sta-
ples, or whatever fastened it to the hive,
when the hive is set on the clean bot-
tom-board and the entrance adjusted to
the amount you wish for early spring.

The bottom-board the hive was on all
winter is now cleaned and placed on
the next stand, when you are ready to
get and treat the ne.xt colony and all
future colonies brought from the cellar
in the same way. By this plan the hees
do not rush out pell-mell, as they are
likely to do in the usual way of setting
out, but come out more slowly, as do
those of a swarm in marking their lo-
cation, or as do the bees from a colony
which has been wintered out doors,
when they take their first flight in
spring.

Who ever heard of colonies mixing

March 21 , 1907

231

\' -^r^f^-

American liee

on their first flight when they were
wintered out on the summer stanjJs?
They do not do so to any amount.
It is the using of no precaution, hut al-
lowing tlie bees to rush out from Ihcir
hives when in an aroused condition,
brought about by the setting from the
cellar, which causes them to stampede
out of their hives en masse, so that
they hardly know where they are, and
thus when they come to wish to go
back home they go where the most
noise is made, or where the wind drifts
them, and thus we have one part of
the hives overloaded with bees and tht.
others nearly ruined from the loss of
bees which have stampeded where they
did not belong.

By using smoke as I have given above,
the bees are more slow to leave tht
hive, if anything, than under any other
condition, and I have had no trouble
since I adopted this plan. And this is
especially applicable to the out-apiary.
In the home-yard we can set the bees
out during several days, as many each
day as we desire, or adopt almost aqy
plan that we may choose; but when we
travel miles to an out-apiary, we wish a
plan that will allow of our setting out
the bees on thai day, and just ivhen we
are there, setting all out at once, just as
fast as we can carry them out.

And after using the plan as above
given for six years, with perfect suc-
cess, I can assure the reader that in it
we have something which is of great
value, especially for an out-apiary, where
the bees are wintered in the cellai
there, or in a pit or clamp, as the case
may be.

Borodino, N. Y.

The Behavior of Swarms

BY ADRIAN GETAZ.

In a previous contribution, I stated
that the Societe des Apiculteurs du De-
partment de la Meuse had sent its mem-
bers a series of questions concerning
the swarming of bees. The first 2i
questions were about the conditions
that provoke the bees to swarm. The
following questions were in regard to
the behavior of the swarms after is-
suing. These are the subject of this
contribution.

Returning to the Hive.

About 2 percent of the swarms is-
suing return to the parent hive almost
immediately after issuing. Several rea-
sons may induce a swarm to return,
but the failure of the queen to accom-
pany the swarm is undoubtedly the most
common. A swarm that returns is li-
able to issue again either the same day
or the following day. Out of S swarms
that return, one on an average does not
swarm again. In such cases there has
been a fight among the queens in the
hive and one or more can be found
dead in front of the hive. The dead
queens or bees are never carried more
than 4 or 5 feet from the entrance.

Distance at Which a Swarm Settles.

Out of 100 swarms issuing with lay-
ing queens, I2 will settle at less than 15
feet away ; 34 between 15 and 30 feet ;
23 between 30 and 45 feet; 21 between

45 and 60 fed ; 7 between 60 and 90
feet; and 3 between 90 and 200 feet.

As to swarms with virgin queens,
they may go .inywherc, even a mile or
two before settling.

The next question was in regard to
where the swarms settle in preference,
whether on trees, on the ground, or in
empty hives. Unfortunately, the print-
ers left it out in the blanks sent, so
it is not answered. But the one fol-
lowing imnicdi.-itely, and asking how
high from the ground the swarms set-
tle (except those settling on the ground)
brought out the fact that half of the
swarms settle at a height of 3 to 6
feet, and a fourth between 6 and 12
feet above the ground, the remaining
fourth higher or lower.

Form of the Swarms.

Not considering those that settle on
the ground, about 70 percent in settling
assume the regular shape so often des-
scribed; the others assume irregular
forms.

Direction of the Flight.

The direction taken by the swarms de-
pends chiefly upon the position of the
hives in regard to the bees, walls, etc.,
that may be about them. The informa-
tion given is very indefinite. It seems
that the majority of them go right
straight from the hives. The figures
given seem to show, nevertheless, a
tendency to turn toward the sun, that
is, toward the east in the morning and
toward the south in the middle of the
day.

Comments.

In considering the above, and draw-
ing conclusions, the conditions under
which the observations have been made
must be taken into consideration. The
majority of the European apiaries are
small and usually established in an
orchard or a garden. These are ordi-
narily enclosed by a wall or a tight
fence or a hedge. Outside there is often
nothing but the open fields, with no
kind of settling place at all. The hives,
instead of being scattered, are, in most
cases, placed close together, sometimes
2 and 3 rows one above the other up-
on shelves, a roof on the whole, and a
wall behind, leaving a passage between
the shelves and the wall. Often there
is a special wall, the one enclosing the
garden or orchard taking its place. The
''rucher," as such an apiary is called,
is placed against the northern or north-
western wall whenever possible, so as
to have the hives turned toward the
south or southwest.

^ As a matter of course, under such
circumstances the bees settle on what-
ever tree or bushes that happen to be in
the enclosure, and if there is none, they
have to settle on the ground, or go away
perhaps quite far to find a suitable
place.

In My Own Apiaries.

The situation in my own apairies is
not at all like the above. The one at
Middlebrook is situated near some tall
trees. In front of it, but at a lowei
level, are quite .i number of cedar trees,
about 30 to 50 feet high.

The majority of the swarms settle on
the cedar trees usually at some place
between the lowest branches to the mid-

dle ones, that means 15 to 25 feet above
the ground. Perhaps if the land were
level instead of sloping down, they
might not settle so high. The few
swarms that go to the tall trees invari-
ably settle on some of the lowest
branches. P.ut that means 40 to 60 feet
from ^he ground.

The Beaver Creek apiary is situated
in a grove of tall oaks sloping toward
the southwest. The back of the apiary
is on the edge of the grove. The bees
either settle on the lowest limbs of the
trees in front of the hives or in the
orchard which is across the road about
200 yards in the rear of the hives. Once
in the orchard, they settle on some of
the nearest trees which happen to be
some rather low plum-trees with very
thick branches.

Right here one may ask why, in the
Middlebrook apiary, they almost invari-
ably settle in the cedars in front of the
apiary, and in the Beaver Creek apiary
they settle at least half the time in
the orchard behind the hives. In ob-
serving the bees when they swarm, it is
easy to see that as they come out they
begin to circle round and round. As
more bees come, that circle or rather
sphere of flying bees gets larger and
larger, and finally occupies a space of
some 30 or 35 feet in diameter right in
front of the hive whence they started
out, and, after circling a while, they
settle on the nearest convenient tree or
bush. If, however, the space in front
of the hives is encumbered by trees,
and there is a more convenient opening
near by, they drift toward that opening
and do their circling there. That is
what happens at the Beaver Creek
apiary; the space between the orchard
and the back of the apiary is without
trees.

.Sending out Scouts.

Yes, the swarm issuing sends scouts,
or some of the bees. Perhaps only one,
perhaps several go out to see if there
is a suitable place; very likely to find
out if some place noticed before dur-
ing their trips for honey is yet available.
Perhaps they go several together, per-
haps each one goes where she knows a
place and the first one that gets back
carries the swarm to the place she has
selected. If so, the others when get-
ting back, finding the swarm, gone, have
nothing to do but to return to the par-
ent hive.

But I have no doubt that something
of the sort takes place. My Middlebrook
apiary is on the pathway to the district
school. I am not always there, and
sometimes when the boys are passing
along and find a swarm hanging on a
tree, they throw rocks, sticks, etc., at
it_ just for fun. Usually the swarm is
dislodged and re-forms at some dis-
tance, usually much higher on the tree
selected. In such a case the swarm is
apt to stay and begin comb-building at
the place chosen. My idea is that the
scouts failing to find the swarm go back
tothe old home, and the swarm not re-
ceiving any information concludes to
stay where it is. My experience in that
line is not very extensive, as I have
during the last few years succeeded in
controlling the swarming, or rather the
swarms, almost completely.

Another fact in this 'line might be

2S2

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ccJournal

interesting to the readers of this paper.
A sWarm had settled on a plum-tree at
the Beaver Creek apiary. I got the lad-
der, smoker, etc., and went up near the
cluster with everrthing ready, without
disturbing them in the least. All at
once they "got up" and left. What sur-
prised me was the manner in whicti
they started. The cluster was perfect-
ly quiet and seemingly contented. A
few bees at one side of it got up (if I
can use that e.xpression) and began
whirling round and round right by. The
others followed in succession, not all at
once, neither from all parts of the clust-
er, but right from next to where the
others had started. The appearance of
the cluster was as if something were eat-
ing a hole in it. When only about a
third, or perhaps a half, of the cluster
was left, the remainder disbanded alto-
gether, and the swarm departed for
parts unknown to me, if not to them.
QuEENLESS Swarms.

During my experiments on the
swarming question, I had entrance-
guards on the hives, and many times
left them throughout the season, ex-
cept when it was necessary to let a
young queen come out to mate. The
behavior of such swarms is quite pe-
culiar. The first time they issue, thev
will stay out only a few minutes, and
go back. They are sure to come out
again the next day quite early, and, in
fact, for successive days if the weather
is favorable. But at the second issuing
thev will stav out longer than at the
first ; at the third, still longer, and very
likely cluster for a while. Later on the>
mav stay out the whole day, and even
a part of the next day, before return-
ing.

Their mode of clustering is different
from that of a swarm having a queen.
Instead of assuming the regular ortho-
dox shape, the cluster is of a more or
less ragged, irregular and often scat-
tered shape. The bees are restless, mov-
ing constantly and changing the shape
of the cluster all the time. Sometimes
they break into 3 or 4 groups, change
place from one tree to another, fly
around a while and cluster again, or do
any other unaccountable thing.

Sometimes, just before returning, they
take a trip outside. (I wonder if they
follow a scout), but much more slowly
than a regular swarm, much closer to
the ground, and in a less compact form.
They scatter more and more as they go,
and if the apiarist has followed them,
he finallv can not tell where the swarm
reallv is'. If he then go back, he will
often find them going back into the old
hive, but in a very straggling manner,
not at all as they did during the second
or third day, or even the fourth.
.\ Few Kinks in Swarming.

.\n excellent way to get a swarm that
can be reached with a pole is to put a
bucket with some honey at the end of
the pole and present it to the bees. In
a short time they will leave the branch
and cluster in and around the bucket,
and can easily be taken away.

For several minutes before a swarm
issues, a few bees can be seen whirling
around right before the entrance of the
hive. If the apiarist stoops down, he

■will hear inside of the hive, the same
buzzing sound that is made by a swarm
just out of the hive, and then act ac-
cordingly. When the hives are up 2
feet or so from the ground, and espec-
ially when the entrances are above the
brood-nest, that peculiar sound is easily
noticed, even by one merely passing by.

The queen does not often come out
until one-third at least of the bees are
out. If, when the swarm begins to is-
sue, the apiarist is on hand, the best
thing to do is to close the hive at once
with anrthing that happens to be at
hand. Sly veil and handkerchief hava
often done the duty. Then get some
water, open just enough to let 2 or 3
bees come out at a time, and wet them
as they pass out. That will fix thern for
that day. The apiarist can then divide
them or remove the queen or the queen-
cells, or do whatever he thinks best, and
save the trouble of running after the
swarm and hiving it.

Knoxville, Tenn.

Bee-Keeping in Cuba

BY G. C. GREINER.

Strange as it may seem in this en-
lightened age of profuse bee-literature
scattered all over the land, it is a fact,
that, to the great majority of people,
bee-keeping is yet an impenetrable mys-
tery.

A short time ago I stopped at one
of our tonsorial parlors for the purpose
of having the customary improvement
of my physical make-up administered
by the hand of the artist. Being well-
acquainted with the proprietor, our con-
versation turned, as is frequently the
case when I am in places where my
occupation is known, to the subject of
bee-keeping. A stranger who was pres-
ent, and who was also awaiting his
turn, seemed to be very much inter-
ested in our bee-talk, and at last he
said :

"They keep a great many bees down
in Cuba, but they don't get much sur-
plus honey down there. The trouble is
right here : There it is summer the
year around so that bees can work all
the time, and they soon find out that
they don't need any winter-stores, and
consequently don't lay up anything
ahead. I knew of one lot of bees that
produced an awful pile of surplus honey
the first year, but they 'got on to it' and
never produced a bit the next year."

Then the following conversation took
place :

"My friend, somebody has loaded you
down' with a lot of the most unreason-
able nonsense."

"Nonsense?" he ejaculated with ex-
cited emphasis, "No nonsense about this.
I have seen it myself. I have been there."
"Well, if you have seen it yourself,
I can not dispute your word, but you
are certainly most awfully deceived.
How could your bees. 'get onto it' when
you had not a single bee of the first
year's stock left to see the second year?"
"I know better. Every bee we took
there from Florida the first year was
alive the second year — not one of them
died ; and I know it to be so, for 1
stayed there all the time."
"Here is where you are deceived

again. You might have had the samt
hives, and perhaps some of the queens
left, but your bees had changed quite
a number of times since you took them
there. The life of a worker-bee dur-
m" the summer — which we may call the
honey-season — is about 6 weeks, and if
Cuba has summer the year round, as
you say, you can figure out yourrelf
iiow many generations had passed up to
the time you claim they 'got onto it.'
Thus, you see, it is positively impossible
that your bees had any recollection of
what transpired the year before ; and,
besides, admitting that you had the same
bees, it is not forethought — bees have
no reasoning power — that induces them
to store winter-supplies, but simply Na-
ture's instinct and desire. As long as
Nature provides the nectar, bees are
willing and desirous to gather it."

As an additional proof of our friend's
unsound argument, I intended to ex-
plain to him a few points on Cuba's
honey-flows, but he had seemingly lost
all interest in bee-keeping, and would
not remain any longer. He departed
in a very abrupt and unceremonious
way, not even waiting his turn in the
chair.

A few neighbors, who had listened
to our little chat, were anxious to con-
tinue the bee-talk, in yhich I gladly
joined, for, in doing so, I generally find
an opportunity to turn the conversation
into an advertising medium, by giving
a few pointers on honey as food and
medicine.

LaSalle, N. Y.

Annual Report for 1906 of
the Colorado Honey-Pro-
ducers' Association

To the Stockholders of our Association:
In order to make my report complete,
it is necessary to review the conditions
that existed during the year previous.
As you all know, the season of 1905
was the most disastrous to the bee-
keeping interests of Colorado and ad-
joining States of any that w^ have
passed through since our industry be-
came of any consequence. With ex-
ception of a few isolated localities, no
surplus was produced, and in many
cases feeding had to be done to insure
the wintering of our bees.

In order to supply our home trade
with honey until the 1906 crop would
come in, it even became necessary for
the Association to ship in honey from
other localities. The bee-supply busi-
ness of the Association fell off, in con-
seqence of the crop failure, to less than
one-third of its ordinary volume, and
as many supplies were carried over by
bee-keepers, there was also a light trade
all through igo6. The very fact that
our .\ssociation has been able to keep
everything going in good shape under
such trying conditions, meet all its ob-
ligations promptly, and hold its honey-
trade, should be highly satisfactory to
the stockholders.

However, we have passed through
this ordeal, and the honey crop of 1906
has been a satisfactory one with most
of the members of our Association.

Mar. 21, 1907

233

^American Bee Journal

Bees have ii'>nc into the winter in
splen(h(l condition and liave a stock of
good quality honey in their hives, which
should insure their safe wintering. So
the prospects for the coming season may
be termed "good."

The volume of our 1906 honey-busi-
ness has been very satisf.ictory. Be-
sides handling our members' honey, we
have also handled quite a (luantity for
non-members. Many of these will no
doubt see that it is to their advantage
to come in and become stockholders
now, and thereby reap all the benefits
of this truly co-operative association
of bee-keepers.

Our Association is now well known
to every car-load buyer of comb honey
in the United States. We have the repu-
tation of shipping a well-graded article,
put up in an attractive manner, and of
being thoroughly responsible. This
reputation is our most valuable asset,
and it bchoo'i'cs crcry iiiciiihcr to do his
share in upholding the same by putting
out nothing that is not strictly up to
grade.

The prices realized by the Associa-
tion for honey sold have been the high-
est of any comb honey shipped out of
the West this year (1906). No. i honey,
graded according to Association rules,
has brought an average of $2.75 per
case, and $2.50 for No. 2 grade. The
returns have all been received and
turned over to the respective producers
by the Association, and, now that the
year's business is closed, we are happy
to be able to announce that we zi'llt be
in a position not only to declare a 10
percent dividend on the stock for the
past season, but also for the year 1905,
when jc'tr had a crop failure. Besides
this, every cent of the commission paid
by members during the season of 1906
will he paid back to them in the form
of a rebate. This is the best showing
we have ever made, and should be
highly satisfactory to every member.

We did nearly as well in former
years, and in order to give our new and
prospective members an idea of this,
we herewith give a brief abstract of
the account of one of our members.
This shows what he has paid in com-
missions on his honey-sales for the last
seven years, what he has received from
the Association in rebates and dividends
in that time; and that it has cost this
member only a trifle over 2 percent to
have the Association handle his honey
crop for the past 7 years, besides receiv-
ing $136 in dividends on his stock dur-
ing this period.

Taking into consideration that the
Association took the honey into its
ware-rooms, paid insurance on it, at-
tended to all the details of selling and
collection, it is evident that this pro-
ducer could not possiblv have marketed
his honey with as little expense him-
self. Another matter not to be lost
sight of, is the great saving of time that
would otherwise be spent by the pro-
ducer in marketing his product, and
avoidance of worry incident thereto.

At • the last annual meeting of the
stockholders, it was pointed out by the
manager that, in order to have our
business grow, the working capital of
the Association should also grow cor-
respondingly. We now are obliged to

carry a much larger stock of bee-sup-
plies and honey than we formerly did,
besides having accounts with reliable
firms that average about $2,000 per
month. Our store is inadequate for
the business, .uid we have to warehouse
now a portion of our stock of supplies.
Ihcrc IS now more money invested in
merchandise, etc., than our present
working capital justifies, and it is for
this reason the rebates are held over
until the next December. To remedy
these conditions, it becomes necessary
that every member should subscribe lo»
more shares of stock. After a discus-
sion of this matter at the annual meet-
ing, a motion was made and passed that
every member should be asked by the
secretary to take one-third or more of
his annual rebates in stock until all the
capital stock of the Association has
been sold.

It is hoped that every member will
not only subscribe for more stock, but
will also exert his influence to get other
bee-keepers, who produce good honey
and grade carefully, to become stock-
holders in the Association. The strong-
er we get financially and numerically,
the better work can we accomplish. It
seems that it should not be necessary to
urge bee-keepers to increase their hold-

'^A3

ing in a co-operative company that
brings them such good returns on their
investment. That the same is consid-
ered perfectly safe by those most inti-
mately acquainted with its working is
evidenced by the fact that its Board of
Directors, who were already some of
the heaviest stockholders, have sub-
scribed for more stock.

For several years it has been a rule
of the Association to make the rebates
on the conunission sales payable on the
first of December following, thus al-
lowing the Association the use of this
money for another season, and the foj-
lowing plan has been adopted for this
year :

1. To pay the 1905 dividend of 10
percent on the stock at once.

2. To pay the 1906 dividend of 10
percent on the stock June i, 1907.

3. To pay the rebates on the 1906
honey sales of members on December
I, 1907.

Always remember that the business of
the Association is your business, and
that you should give it all the support
you can.

Wishing you all a successful season,
I am

Frank Rauchfuss, Manager.

Denver, Colo.

Convention
Proceedings

Convention of Bee-Keepers'
Associations at Brantford

REPORTED BY J. L. BYKR.

IContinued from page 210 )

IMPROVING THE BEE-KEEPINQ
INDUSTRY

Bee-keepers' Opportunity.

What has been done in regard to the
fruit conditions in markets might on a
smaller scale be attempted for the
honey industry. With the production
of larger quantities of honey and wax
of uniform grades, with the reputation
of an association at the back of it, it
seems to me that there should be no
trouble in very largely increasing the
markets, not only throughout the older
parts of the Province, but also in the
Northwest Provinces. If the fruit men
are so eager to take advantage of the
ever-increasing market there, why
should not the bee-keepers also be alive
to the importance of this same market?
The former are arranging to exhibit
the best product of the orchards at a
number of the larger exhibitions
throughout the West this year, with the
idea of showing just what can be ob-
tained from our associations. I think
it would be a very good idea if our

honey men would, if necessary, ask the
Ontario Bee-keepers' Association for as-
sistance to do likewise.

To increase your markets in the older
parts of the country it is necessary for
you first of all to advertise your wares
as extensively as possible. You are
already, I believe, working along this
line in regard to local exhibits. Ex-
tend this as much as possible. If nec-
essary, increase the size of your ex-
hibits. Make them more attractive and
have some advertising material in con-
nection therewith. A very good idea
was adopted at the exhibition in Mas-
sey Hall two years ago, when a small
circular stating the value of honey as
a. food and medicine was distributed to
the public. Such a circular might be
printed by the Provincial association
and given to branch associations for
this purpose.

Then take advantage of the shop win-
dows in your nearest towns and cities.
Almost any of the best groceries would
allow you the privilege of using their
windows once or twice during the year
for exhibiting the products of the
apiaries. In this connection it would
be necessary, of course, for you to keep
in stock with the grocerj-man your best
goods for the year, allowing him suf-
ficient discount to make a fair profit on

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ee Journal

the goods, when he will do his best to
aid you in increasing the demand.

In regard to the large exhibition, you
have alwaj-s had a very creditable show
of honey and wax. With the advent
of a new and better building at the In-
dustrial Exhibition, Toronto, this year
it would be wise for bee-keepers' every-
where to put forth extra efforts to
make this the best show that has ever
been put on display there. There has
been considerable criticism in the com-
mittees of these exhibitions as to the
action of the bee-keepers of the Pro-
▼ince. They claim that you have be-
littled the industry by your action in
the past. It behooves you now to show
them that you have an industry worthy
of a first place in the agricultural pro-
gress of the Province.

At your last meeting there was some
discussion in regard to the formation
of local_ honey-shipping associations, and
the majority were of the opinion that
some legislation should be sought after,
so that incorporation could take place
at very little expense. The fruit-
growers have been availing themselves
of a shipping act passed some years
ago, but this act is to be repealed this
session, and one new act to cover all
joint stock companies is to be issued.
Just how this will affect these organi-
zations I do not at present know.
However, it is not absolutely necessary
that incorporation should take place, as
a great deal can be done under a simple
set of rules and regulations signed by
those who form the association. While
you probably cannot work on the same
scale as the fruit-shipping associations,
still I believe that under careful man-
agement much further expansion can be
given to the industry by working along
these co-operative lines. You will have
to work slowly at first, not attempting
too much. A great deal depends on the
first association organized. If these are
successful there will be no trouble in
forming them afterwards in any sec-
tion of the Province.

The Press and Honey.

Probably one of the best sources
through which you can inform the pub-
lic as to the value of the industry is
through the local press. Nearly every
household throughout the country takes
one or more daily or weekly papers, and
in the case of the farming classes, at
least one of the great national weeklies
and one of the agricultural papers. It
is very rarely indeed that you will find
in the newspapers any articles on the
care of bees or the value of the product
for food. Of those that do occasionally
appear, the substance is sometimes en-
tirely erroneous. The ignorance of the
public in this respect is deplorable. For
instance, many people imagine that cry-
stallized honey must necessarily be im-
pure. Many people when buying comb
honey in lots will put it in a damp cel-
lar, thinking that the proper place to
preserve it. Again, very few realize that
a small section of honey will go as far
as the ordinary quart jar of preserved
fruit. Now, what are you doing as bee-
keepers to displace such ignorance?

In this connection it would be wise

for you to make use of your home paper
as much as possible, sending in local
items from time to time about your
crops, your meetings, general items as
to use of honey both as a medicine and
as food ; proper ways of keeping it
after it is purchased, etc. The editors
of these papers are generally only too
glad to use this matter in preference to
the silly jokes with which so many of
them are padded. Let the people of
your vicinity know that you have good
honey and lots of it for sale. Put in
an advertisement occasionally and ask
for a reading along with it. The more
we can enlighten the public on this
side of the industry the better it will
be for our pocketbooks.

There has been considerable discus-
sion in your meetings as to whether you
should endeavor to enlighten the public
too much as to the other side of the in-
dustry, namely, the keeping of bees
themselves. It is hardly necessary to
say anything about the profits, but the
distribution of all kinds of literature
which will help improve the products of
the smaller apiaries of the Province will
tend in the long run to assist those of
you who are doing business on a larger
scale.

While at a meeting recently I was
told by a prominent gentleman in To-
ronto that he had purchased last week
in Toronto a small sample of honey
with the idea of buying larger quan-
tities if the sample proved to be of the
best quality. He was very much dis-
appointed to find, however, that the
honey was tainted with the wax and
bee bread. Now this should not be if
you have done your duty in enlighten-
ing those who are keeping bees as to
the absurdity of extracting their honey
in this crude fashion. This is where
the value of your bee journal comes in.
I cannot impress too strongly upon you
the value of having a strong, active
paper as your representative in the
Province. I understand that there are
over 8,000 men who are more or less
engaged in the business of keeping bees
who do not subscribe for any bee jour-
nal. This is not as it should be. and
you should make every effort to effect a
change. Already the members of the
Provincial association get the Canadian
Bee Journal as a premium, and I think
that it would be wise for every local as-
sociation to extend the same privilege
to their members. You bee-keepers
must be up-to-date. Your meetings are
held probably only once or twice a year,
and in the time between, the only way
that you can hold together is through
your bee-keepers' journal.

Many of you have improved methods
of handling your bees during certain
operations of the year, and it would be
wise for you to extend the benefits of
this knowledge to your fellows. There
is no better way than through the Bee
Journal. Do it at once, so that they
may try it before the season is over.

Patronize first of all your own home
journal. This treats largely of local con-
ditions, and is therefore specially appli-
cable to bee-keeping in Ontario. We
are, as yet, a young country and we have
to stand together to support each other.
Be loyal, therefore, to the Bee Journal,

subscribe for it, and then if you so wish,
to some of the American or British jour-
nals. If you have anrthing to advertise,
you should help the Bee Journal in this
way, as advertisements are the life of
any publication of this kind. Show your
neighbors the paper, especially if you
come across any article which you think
is of value to yourself; let them have
your paper to read and then suggest to
them to subscribe for it.

If your neighbor is in difficulty about
any operations of the year, you should
refer him to special publications that
will help him out. Pass on your Annual
Report to him if necessary and send for
another. The department will always
be glad to assist you in this way.

The Department of Agriculture.

Two years ago the Honorable the
Minister of Agriculture visited the an-
nual meeting of your Provincial asso-
ciation and suggested that the Depart-
ment of Agriculture would be glad to
co-operate with you more closely than
in the past. At that time the inspec-
tion work for foul brood was put in
the care of the department. Last j'ear
some further changes were suggested
and after being thoroughly discussed by
the Bee-keepers' Association, were
adopted. This refers to the appointment
of additional inspectors to overtake the
increase in the work during later years.
Now we wish to impress upon you that
without the organized co-operation of
every bee-keeper we will not be able to
do very much to assist you. It is our
aim to learn as much about the indus-
try as possible. We are now at work
preparing a list of bee-keepers of the
Province by counties, together with
the number of the colonies belonging
to each. This will allow of our cor-
responding directly with every man in-
terested in the Province. We will be
able to distribute any literature which
may be published from time to time to
a great many people who at present are
not touched by your local or Provincial
association. We hope in this way to
get them so interested that they will
become members of some of these as-
sociations. We will be ablfe also in this
way to impart information in regard to
foul brood and perhaps to receive infor-
mation re infestations of this disease at
an earlier date than we would otherwise
have received it in the past. We trust
also that we will be able to keep a record
of the inspection work which will prob-
ably facilitate in the suppression of this
terrible disease.

The census reports for 1901 show that
there are in Ontario 116,403 colonies;
in 1891, ten years previous, the number
was 146,341. One would naturally in-
quire the reason for such a decrease.
Had this taken place in any of the other
agricultural industries in the Province
we would have begun at once to inquire
the reason why and to have endeavored
to repair the loss. With the informa-
tion which we are now endeavoring to
procure, it would have been easy enough
to have discovered the reasons for the
large decrease. By a conference at the
time of the annual meeting, by the help
of local conventions, by the distribution
of literature and perhaps by the sending

Mar. 21, 1907

235

out of competent speakers to meetings
all over the Province, such a loss could
perhaps be prevented in the future.

'Jherc is no doubt that as beekeepers
you have an industry to be proud of.
The capital invested in Ontario in 1901
was given in round numbers as $800,000,
with a revenue that year of about $300,-
000, and a product of about 2,500,000
pounds of honey. There is no doubt
that this can be very largely increased,
and it seems to me that by working to-
gether through the local associations,
the members of the Provincial associa-
tion and the department, the markets
can be so increased that there will be
no fear of lowering the prices, as many
of you have expressed the opinion will
be the case. P. W. Hodgetts.

Mr. Root— The Ontario Association
is to be congratulated in getting a man
like Mr. Hodgetts for a Secretary. I
feel like trying to induce him to come
over to our country.

Mr. Holtermann — You have too many
of our good men over there now.

Mr. Craig suggested an apiary meet-
ing in some yard near Brantford in the
spring.

Mr. Holtermann — An individual effort
is necessary to help bring about the re-
forms outlined by Mr. Hodgetts, and
let us not forget the caution given by
that extensive dealer in honey, Mr. Bur-
nett, who says that unripe honey has
done more harm to the bee-keeping in-
dustry than has adulterated goods.

A hearty vote of thanks was tendered
the bee-keepers of Brantford and vi-
cinity for the hospitality shown visitors
from a distance and a vote of thanks
was also tendered the American visitors
for their help in making the convention
a success.

A Brief Report of the Illinois
Convention

Held at Springfield, Nov. 31 and 22, 1906

Tuesday morning. President Smith
said: "Members of the Association, I
have to congratulate you that we have
been permitted to meet again, in our
sixteenth annual session. While ^ the
year just past has been one of disap-
pointment to bee-keepers, we all look
for^vard to the coming year with hopes
that it may be a year of plenty and
success. I have met more bee-keepers
this year in the State of Illinois than
in any other year. They all seem en-
couraged in regard to wiping out foul
brood, wherever it has been known
to exist. As to black brood, I have
not seen it. Not having learned any
difference I call it all foul brood. Be-
ing doubtful about it, I sent a sample
of it to Washington and it was pro-
nounced, not black, but common foul
brood, as I had thought. While our
neighboring States — Michigan, Indiana
and Ohio — have it, it may develop with-
in our territory, sooner or later.

•■I wish to thank you, gentlemen, for
courtesies in the past. We will now
proceed with the business of our an-
nual meeting. The Secretary will please
read the minutes of the last meeting."

American ~Bae Journal

Secretary Stone said that the pro-
ceedings of the previous meeting all
had been publislied in the Annual Report,
and it seemed unnecessary to read the
minutes since tlicy were already in the
hands of the members.

Mr. Dadant moved that the printed
report be accepted as the minutes of
last meeting, which motion was sec-
onded, and, on being put by the Presi-
dent, was carried.

The President called for the Secre-
tary's Report :

Report of the Secretary.

The Association expressed the wish
last year that along with the other
work of the Secretary he have printed
some cards to be used in an effort to
increase the membership. The first move
in this direction was to have prepared
some return postal cards and these were
sent to all the Crop Reporters through-
out the State. We received in this
way 1130 names of bee-keepers. We
also secured another list containing ii8b
names. After arranging the two lists
alphabetically, and comparing them, we
found only 94 duplicate names, and a
total of 2222 names. In all this num-
ber only 94 duplicates i^ an evidence of
thousands of bee-keepers still, whose
names we have not been able to get.
With 873 names received through the
Crop Reporters of the State after can-
celing duplicates, they reported -20,361
colonies of bees, which was an average
of 23 1-3 colonies per bee-keeper.

Number of names reporting number
of colonies not known, were 163. In-
cluding the numbers recorded in our 5th
Annual Report as living in Illinois, with
the above-named numbers, we have a
list of over 2450 bee-keepers in Illinois,
and with an average of 23 colonies we
have a total of 56,350 colonies, which
with a very low average of 40 pounds
per colony would be a possible 2,254,000
pounds of honey in one year.

In letting the bids for our 5th An-
nual Report, George W. York, of the
American Bee Journal, being the lowest
bidder, got the contract for 1000 copies
• — 300 of which were to be cloth-
bound — for all of the members of the
State Association as well as for those
who came through other affiliated as-
sociations of the State.

As our 6th annual report is not like-
ly to be out in time to place copies in
the hands of the legislators, we do not
think that more than 500 copies can be
used, with as many of that number
bound in cloth as we are likely to have
members.

In one or two cases our membership
blanks were returned to us, wherein
the writer said : "My bees have never
had foul brood, and I do not see any
use of a foul brood law." But when
this man's bees got foul brood he was
the first one to cry out ; "I have just
as good a right to protection as you
members of the Association have, for
I pay as much taxes as you do." To
be sure he has in the eyes of the law,
— does he get it? It is not reasonable
to expect the inspector to leave a man
who has done all he can to help pro-
cure a foul brood law till last, and go
first to the man who did not want the

law, and did all he could to discourage
its passage.

Some bee-keepers who live only for
self, and know nothing about foul brood,
have even told their representatives
that they did not care whether we had
a foul brood law or not, as their bees
had never had it, and they did not fear
it.

In concluding, I wish to say, the ac-
tion which the National Bee-Keepers'
Association took when it passed a reso-
lution allowing all bee-keepors' associa-
tions throughout the United States (or
the entire continent, I believe) to join
them in a body through their respec-
tive secretaries on payment of 50 cents
per member, did more to promote bee-
keepers' organizations, and increase the
membership of those already formed,
than any act that we can do to help
ourselves. All bee-keepers are anxious
to be members of the National, as it
assists then when being imposed upon,
so long as they are in the right. And
every association should sacrifice one-
half its fees and thereby help their
own and the National Associations.

We were told during the year by the
General Manager that our State stood
at the head in the list of members to
the National. (Later we see in the
Report of the National that Illinois
stands 2nd, with 282 members; Wiscon-
sin 1st, with 307 members; New York
3rd, with 210, and California 4th, with
206.)

We have great faith that our mem-
bership will never be any smaller, but
hope for greater numbers as the years
of prosperity for bee-keepers come this
way. We can ask a bee-keeper with
the best of grace to join our Associa-
tion, because we are getting member-
ships in the National with the same
$1.00 fee. Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

First Day — Afternoon Session.

The afternoon session was opened
with the reading of the following paper
by C. P. Dadant, President of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association, on

DRONE-LAYINQ WORKERS

When a colony of bees becomes hope-
lessly queenless, it often happens that
a number of the worker-bees — some-
times only one or two, sometimes doz-
ens of them— begin to lay eggs in the
cells here and there. Scientists affirm
that the drone-laying ability is found
in bees that have probably received a
greater amount of the royal jelly than
the average larvae during the course of
their development. This jelly or pap,
produced by the salivary glands of the
nurses, is fed exclusively to the queen-
larvae during the entire time of their
development, while a coarser food, con-
taining pollen or bee-bread, is fed to
the larvae of the worker-bees during
the last stages of their larval existence.
It is asserted that those workers that
receive a little more than their share
have ovaries partly developed; and
while they are entirely unable to be-
come impregnated, owing to the rudi-
mentary condition of both spermatheca
and ovaries, yet the rudimentary ovar-
ies mav produce eggs in small quantity.
These eggs, like those of queens that

American IBee Journal

Mar. 21, 1907

have been unable to mate, hatch drones
only. It is probably unnecessary to
state the well-known fact of partheno-
genesis in bees, which is the faculty of
laying eggs by virgins, eggs which in-
variably produce males. This discovery
is due to the immortal Dzierzon, and
was long doubted by many, but is cap-
able of absolute demonstration.

When a colony becomes hopelessly
queenless, that is, when there are no
eggs or young larvje from which may
be reared queens, such bees as may
have the ability to lay eggs seem to con-
sider it a duty to replace the missing
queen within the limit of their powers.
One or more worker bees assume this
duty. But their eggs are laid irregular-
ly, sometimes several in one cell, and
sometimes on the side-walls of the cells
instead of at the bottom. I have my-
self seen a half-dozen or more workers
laying, at the same time, on a comb
which had been taken out of the hive
for inspection. Such a sight may be
witnessed more readily with the Ital-
ians than with the common bees, be-
cause they are less excitable and do
not become frightened and rush about
when the combs are removed from the
hive with a little care.

Sometimes the laying of an old
queen that has lost her fertility is mis-
taken for that of drone-laying workers.
This is of some importance, for al-
though a queen may be successfully
introduced to a colony containing a lay-
ing worker, it is almost impossible to
succeed in the introduction of a new
queen, if there is an old queen in the
hive.

The only way to make positively
sure of the presence of an old queen is
to search for her. But there is a slight
difference between the laying of a worn-
out queen and that of one or more lay-
ing workers. The old queen lays but
few eggs, and these are always at the
bottom of the cells. She rarely lays
more than one egg in a cell, this in-
congruity being committed only by lay-
ing workers, or sometimes by very
young and very fertile queens which
lack room, and have not yet reached
their full ability in regular laying.

I have stated that it is easier to in-
troduce a queen to a colony containing
a laying worker than to a colony con-
taining an old queen, unless this queen
has been found and killed. I know
that this statement will not be con-
curred in by many others, for I have
often seen it stated that it is impossible
to introduce a queen to a colony hav-
ing laying workers; yet I have never
failed. I speak from actual experience.
Before I state how I have succeeded,
permit me to say that a colony having
laying workers is rarely worth saving.
Yet there are times when such colonies
are still powerful enough to make a
good colony if a queen is successfully
given them early enough in the season.
The apiarist must decide this point for
himself.

In order to show how to succeed, 1
will state under what conditions I
tried the introduction of queens in
drone-laying colonies. We used to im-
port queens on a very large scale. This
was in the '8o's. We used to receive
from Italy about a hundred queens per

month during the summer months. As
these queens were fatigued from their
long journey, we always introduced
them to full colonies of bees in our
apiary, before re-sliipping them to our
customers in the United States. The
price obtained was sufficient to reward
us for such a course, and when a queen
had been for 3 or 4 weeks in a full
colony, she had fully regained all her
lost vigor, and was much more likely
to be satisfactory to the purchaser than
if she had been held in a very small
nucleus or in a queen-cage. Besides,
this introduction gave us new blood in
the apiary. Owing to this course we
had to kill a number of queens each
month, usually of the common race or
of the hybrids. These spare queens
were quite often prolific, and it seemed
a pity to kill them. It was then that
I attempted to save a good queen and
a worthless colony at the same time,

C. P. Dadant.

by introducing the one into the other,
by the ordinary- method of caging the
queen for 48 hours in the hive, and re-
leasing her by inserting a piece of comb
honey in place of the stopper of the
cage. This method has never failed,
and I attribute it to the fact that the
queen introduced was in each instance
a vigorous laying queen in the fulness
of her power.

In the introduction of queens that
have been traveling there is almost al-
ways a delay in the laying; the new
queen does not take possession of the
empty cells immediately, and for this
reason the bees that have one or more
laying workers will have an animosity
towards her that they will not enter-
tain towards a queen that is able to
lay eggs at once, and thus show her
ability to fill the needs of the colony.

My conclusion, therefore, is that al-
though it is more difficult to introduce
a queen to a drone-laying, colony than
to a normal colon\-, this may be suc-
cessfully done by the above method.
But I would never risk a queen which
has been confined to a cage for some
days to any but a normal colony made
queenless just before introducing her.

A good laying queen introduced to
a drone-laying colony in May — if this
colony has still enough bees to take
care of her brood — will rear a populous
colony for the fall crop of honey, and

will often prove a paying investment.
For this reason, queens bought from
reliable Southern breeders in early
spring are a great help to the Northern
bee-keeper. C. P. Dadant.

Mr. Dadant's paper was received
with marked attention and brought out
a most interesting and profitable dis-
cussion, though Mr. Dadant apologized
for his subject. Nearly all the members
participated in the exchange of ideas
and relation of their successes and mis-
takes along the line of experience which
was under consideration.

JMr. Black asked if the drones pro-
duced by working bees were as good
for the fertilization of a queen.

In answering the inquiry Mr. Dadant
said that such drones were smaller,
and on that account less desirable for
the purpose.

Mr. Black told of his experience with
a very small queen — the smallest he had
ever seen — that was with his bees for
4 years, to his certain knowledge, prov-
ing herself a good queen. He recog-
nized her by her size.

Mr. Kildow and Mr. Pyles told of
putting unfertilized queens into a hive
before they had taken their wedding
flight, and still proving good queens.
There was doubt expressed by some
members as to whether they were un-
fertilized, or whether there might not
have been other queens in the hives so
treated.

Mr. Stone — I was induced to give Mr.
Dadant this subject because of the ht-
tle experience many of us have had in
handling queenless colonies with laying
workers, and the questions that arise in
regard to their management.

Mr. Johnson said he believed there
were generally a good many laying
workers in the hive. He had never lost
queens, but united them by putting
smaller colonies on top.

Mr. Black spoke of his method of
uniting colonies ; that formerly he was
very careful about handling them gent-
ly, but experience has taught him it is
better to handle them more vigorously.

Mr. Dadant said that in the matter
of uniting a colony containing laying
workers he thought that the entire se-
cret was in what Mr. Black had said,
and in allowing the bees to feed be-
fore they were disturbed, in which case
they would be much more peaceable
when united. In certain seasons the
tendency among bees is to fight. When
you open a hive, if they are full of
honey there will be much less tendency
to fight than if they are not well satis-
fied in that respect. Colonies that have
drone-laying queens w'ill be more suc-
cessfully handled in the spring, both in
the matter of uniting them and in the
introduction of a new queen.

Premium List Committee's Report.

Mr. Stone said he thought the mem-
bers of the Association were familiar
with what had been done last year.
Some fault was found with what was
done. The premium on beeswax was
raised from $10 to $20. Mr. Cater,
the superintendent of the department
said they had $50 that could be put in-
to that list and no more, without get-
ting the consent of the Board. Mr.

Mar. 21, 1907

Amgrican ^ac Journal j^;^ ^> <n,^#> i

Stone then hastily telephoned Mr. Beck-
er. 'J'he meeting of the State Board
was within two days. Mr. Cater agreed
to have them raise the premium list
$lo on beeswax designs, and add a
premium on Samples of Extracted
Honey, and one on Case of Amber
Comb Honey. The State Board always
treats us kindly.

Mr. Becker — I think we had better
let it alone for this year. It has been
a bad year.

Mr. Black — The State Board wants
a show, and they want the worth ol
their money. They think they are get-
ting no more interesting show anywhere
on the grounds for their money.

Mr. Dadant stated that he had been
selected as judge of the apiary exhibit
at the State Fair, and that one thing
he would like to see would be the plac-
ing of that exhibit in a hall where there
is a platform so placed that when the
extracting of honey takes place it might
be witnessed by a large number of spec-
tators. As it has been, four or five
people can get close enough to see, and
they exclude from the same privilege
everybody behind them. He strongly
recommended the great convenience of
having the extracting done where there
is a platform, and where people could
see the work done. In which case there
could be competition in the work of
extraction.

Pres Smith — I think that is a good
suggestion.

Mr. Stone — I do not believe that any-
thing has been done, or any other ex-
hibit made, at the State Fair that has
proved more attractive or interesting
than this. Extracting honey on the
ground is educational.

Mr. Dadant — I wish to say a few
words more in regard to the education
of people and the cultivation of a taste
for extracted honey.

Mr. Dadant then told of the great
difficulty that had been experienced in
selling extracted honey in 1868-9, and
how they finally succeeded in gettmg
people interested in it by making an ex-
hibition of it in Keokuk. They got busi-
ness men interested and aroused such
an interest that 300 or 400 buggies were
to be seen at the place, bringing people
from all around the country. And so
the value of extracted honey was
brought to their notice. And if people
can just be induced to use it, they will
prefer it to comb honey.

Mr. Black — I recollect being at Keo-
kuk.

Mr. Becker — While we are on this
subject I will say that I think the ex-
hibit at the State Fair has done more
to educate people than anything else.
People do not know how we get the
honey out of the comb. I believe if
we had honey enough so that we could
extract honey for a whole half day, it
would be one of the best exhibits we
could make, and would be found in-
teresting to more people than you would
at first think.

Mr. Becker went on to say that he
sold honey in Springfield at a good
many stores, and he never had to ask
them how much they want. They ask,
"How much can )-ou let us have?"
People who have used it before want

it. He spoke also of candied honey ;
that it will sometimes spoil the sale of
extracted honey.

Pres. Smith .-..lid that matter was dis-
cussed at San Antonio.

The advisabilily of using a label was
mentioned and .ipproved. The general
opinion seemed to be that if the pro-
ducer would place on the market a good
article, plainly marked with his guaran-
tee as to its purity, it would find a
ready sale, and the demand for it would
grow.

Mr. Hinderer spoke in favor of the
label recommended by the National.

Rei.ativk Vai.uks of Extracted and
Comb Honky.

The relative values of comb and ex-
tracted honey were advocated by various
members. Mr. Black insisted that the
human system needed something be-
sides what is easily digested; and the
comb was in no way objectionable. He
also quoted eminent physicians as ad-
vising the use of milk and honey as
better than medicines.

Mr. Pyle thought, while extracted
honey should be used, and had advant-
ages over the other, that the taste of
comb honey was far superior.

Mr. Kildow thought the same — that
take a section of honey and extract it
and it was not the same thing, not
nearly as good. He never could keep
the same flavor outside the comb that
it has in the comb.

Mr. Johnson said he thought all the
five senses helped each other, and sym-
pathized with each other. Take butter,
for example: If it is not a good color
it does not taste as well. The eye has
the power to control the taste.

Mr. Black spoke of the keeping
qualities of comb honeJ^ He had found
that some that had been standing for
4 years was as solid and perfect as when
taken from the hive.

Mr. Becker mentioned one of his cus-
tomers who used 60 to 75 pounds a
year, who wanted both kinds.

Mr. Johnson said he sold some comb
honey because some wanted it. If they
would all take it he would rather sell
all extracted honey, but we must pro-
duce what people want.

Pres. Smith — That is true, and bee-
keepers must learn that fact to be suc-
cessful. If consumers want a certain
kind, produce that variety.

Mr. Stone thought customers will
want just what we educate them to, and
he was tired producing comb honey.
He thought it impracticable to use the
combs again for comb honey. His cus-
tomers just ask for honey, but few
ask for comb honey. Some object to
the extracted honey, saying it mig:ht
not be pure honey, could be more easily
adulterated ; but after explaining to them
how the honey is extracted they like
it and do not care for the other again.

Mr. Kildow thought it made a differ-
ence where you live, near to or distant
from a large market.

From the discussion of extracted
honey the talk drifted to the subject
of markets, and Mr. Dadant said
the sale to private individuals was
helping us today. They had been
unable to sell through wholesale

grocers, (iroccrs could handle the
product that was labeled.

Mr. lil.ick asked the proportion of
comb to honey and Mr. Dadant ans-
wered that he could not say positively.
F'rom 25 to 40 per cent. The size of
the cells has something to do with it.
Drone-cells are larger in proportion.
Mr. Dadant wished to say that this mat-
ter of eating comb depends largely up-
on taste.

'i he matter of advertising, whether
the daily papers, the large Sunday edi-
tions or the bee-papers were the best
medium. It was said that the bee-
papers reached only men who were in
the business and not customers for
honey ; but some of the members said
they had found them to be good ad-
vertising mediums. Others had had
success from advertising in the large
daily newspapers.

At this stage in the discussion Mr.
Holekamp was admitted to the hall and
a short recess was taken to enable the
members to meet and greet him. Then
Pres. Smith, who had been speaking
when Mr. Flolekamp came in resumed
his narration of how he secured the
local trade, by sending honey to the
grocer who would not buy it, but with
whom he left it nevertheless, to be dis-
posed of as he might find customers.
Within 30 days he telephoned Mr. Smith
to bring him more, and Mr. Smith has
had no trouble since.

Mr. Holekamp said he thought the
better market for extracted honey
would have to be made. The demand
for it must be created. One great
trouble with extracted honey is that
it granulates, and then when left in
the dealer's hands is not marketable.

Mr. Black said you could not sell
granulated honey.

Mr. Dadant said in regard to granu-
lated honey, that there was a class of
buyers who wanted honey in glass jars
so it could be readily examined. He
suggested putting the product up in at-
tractive style with the producer's label
and guarantee that it is pure honey,
and this helps the grocer to sell it.

Mr. Baxter — I endorse every word
Mr. Dadant says. Up our way people
know what granulated honey is. Most
of our customers like it. I have no
trouble with it.

The fact that honey from different
kinds of blossoms will prove different
in this respect, was brought out. Honey
from alfalfa is found to granulate
rapidly, while that from sage does not,
and that from goldenrod is slow to
granulate. And it was said that honey
from sweet clover had not granulated,
and the next year there was basswood
mixed with it. Another gentleman
thought basswood honey was likely to
granulate. Spanish-needle was also
mentioned, and it was said the late
gathered honey granulates less rapidly
than the early.

Bees and Fruit.

Mr. Black brought up the question
as to whether bees will eat fruit. Ex-
periences were related and views ex-
changed, and the general opinion was
that uniss the skin has already been
broken, bees will not seek for honey
on grapes, peaches, etc., but are often

Mar. 21, 1907

American Hee Journal

found on over-ripe fruit, left on the
trees after it should have Ijeen gathered,
and which offers them food from burst-
ing skins and soft or rotten spots, and
places that have been pecked by birds.

Contracting Foul Brood.

The first question announced by the
Secretary was: "Will bees contract foul
brood from surplus honey produced on
colonies that have foul brood?"

Mr. Dadant — I would like to hear
from our President in- regard to that
matter.

Pres. Smith said it was probable they
would. Such conditions would only oc-
cur in seasons when the honey-flow
was very free.

Mr. Dadant — Is it not true that the
bee coming from the field sometimes
gives its honey to some other bee to
carry to the cell?

President — I do not believe the one
stores the honey that gathers it.

Mr. Kildow — Do you believe it is
possible for a colony that has foul
brood ever to get rid of it?

Mr. Black — If my bees were where
they could get honey from any source
where there was a bit of foul brood I
would not touch it.

Mr. Dadant said that a great deal
had been learned about foul brood at
the San Antonio meeting, and referred
to the very interesting report of Dr.
White. Specimens of foul brood were
shown there and the bacillus described
as in appearance like two tiny sticks
held together by a more slender con-
nection between them. The two little
sticks end to end, united by the slight-
er joining. These bacilli develop rapid-
ly, the slender joining breaking, and
each end then becoming one by itself,
and it developing and breaking in two,
becoming two more, and this process
is repeated every half hour. And they
remain in honey for years, and when
conditions are favorable, as soon as
they find a proper medium, will begin
to develop foul brood.

Mr. Kildow said he was very much
interested in this matter of foul brood;
that it was one of the things he came
to this meeting to hear about. He has
kept bees since 1880 and never had
any experience with it until the past 3
years. He had bought some bees from
'a man who wanted to sell out, represent-
ing that his bees were all right, but when
he got home Mr. Kildow found they
had foul brood. He said Mr. Smith
was up in 1905. Out of 40 or 50 colon-
ies 31 were infected with the disease,
and there it was right under their noses.
It is almost useless for one man to clean
it out of his own colonies when his
neighbors allow it to increase in theirs.

Under these circumstances Mr. Kil-
dow was very much interested in getting
a foul brood law, and thinks we might
get something like the law they have
in Ohio. He would be in favor of
making the bees pay what expense there
might be attached to the enforcement ot
the law.

Mr. Johnson spoke at some length
on the use of disinfectants, and gave
some valuable information relative to
experiments that had been tried. He
had read a great deal on the subject,
and had some correspondence with the

Department at Washington. He said
there were just two disinfectants —
sulphur and formaldehyde — and told
Iiow the latter had been successfully used
in disinfecting a house with the windows
wide open; his theory being that to
secure the best results the air should
be freely admitted, the oxygen being
necessary to the proper action of the
chemical. He advocated the McEvoy
theory.

The question as to whether the bacilli
were in the beeswax was brought up.

Mr. Dadant thought the only safe way
was to melt up all the combs and us«
up all the honey.

]\Ir. Johnson thought we should not
be satisfied with opinions of others, l)ut
leave nothing undone to learn more on
this subject. He said: "The inspec-
tor of today should be an experimenter
all the time. You perhaps all know
that I have always condemned the for-
maldehyde treatment for disinfecting
when used in an air-tight compartment.
I want to give a little more informa-
tion on this subject. I find that Prof.
Newman, of Kings College, London,
as well as Prof. Koch, the greatest Ger-
man bacteriologist, agree that formalde-
hyde is not a disinfectant of itself, but
that the gas-formaldehyde must be
united with o.xygen in order to disin-
fect. The Department at Washington
claims that the gas is a disinfectant of
itself by its affinity to things nitro-
genous. However, last summer there
were 3 cases of smallpox in our vicinity
in one family. The doctor disinfected
that house in 5 days with formaldehyde
with the windows and doors open a
good share of the time, and the family
ate and slept in the house during disin-
fecting. The children have gone to
school all fall and people visited them
and slept in the beds in which the pa-
tients were treated, no clothing nor bed-
ding being burned. And no spread of
the disease resulted. The disinfecting
was complete ; while about 10 miles
north of us, where formaldehyde and
sulphur were used in tight rooms for 24
hours, the disease spread in an alarm-
ing state. The cases in our neighbor-
hood came from a visitor just out of
quarantine where air-tight fumigation
was used. So it seems that there is
much to learn yet about formaldehyde
as a disinfectant, especially among bee-
keepers. And I want to add with great
emphasis that formic acid, and not for-
maldehyde, is the real disinfectant ; and
if an air-tight tank be used in disinfect-
ing combs there will be no formic acid
produced, consequently no thorough dis-
infecting. Practice the McEvoy plan
until we know more about gas treat-
ment, but let our experimenters not give
up formaldehyde, as that will be the
'plan' when better known and properly
used."

Mr. Hinderer said he had raised that
question, and wanted to know if the
practice of allowing bees from clean
hives access to bees and the honey from
hives infected with foul brood was
dangerous.

Mr. Holekamp — I, too, am much in-
terested in this discussion. We have suf-
fered a great deal from this trouble.
We formed a club for the purpose of
assisting each other in dealing with it.

Mr. Holekamp also said that he had
experimented with it, keeping a piece
of foul brood a whole year in his of-
fice. He thought there was danger of
its being carried, and said we could not
expect to make much progress in get-
ting rid of it as a long as all did not
work together to that end. He said any
foul brood law should compel inspec-
tion. The greatest danger he saw was
in the shipment of honey. Comb honey
will leak. Boxes will be thrown out
in the back yard, and bees will clean
them up. There should be uniform
laws in all the States, and we should
not rest until we get bills passed which
will compel inspection. Chemicals may
be good enough, but we do not want to
be using them continually. He had
found that an- easy way to destroy bees
and the comb. He related some of his
experiences with foul brood, and re-
peated that it was of little use for one
bee-keeper to clean up his hives while
others were careless of theirs.

Other members said their experience
had been similar, and thought the in-
fection was carried by bees and in the
honey.

Mr. Dadant — Some think they can
cure it by simply changing queens.
Some do not believe in this shaking
business. Some want to scorch the
hive. I advocate the use of the Mc-
Evoy treatment.

Mr. Baxter — Two years ago I had
a colony I was sure had foul brood. 1
had never had it in my apiary, and I was
thoroughly scared. I asked advice as
to what to do. Upon that advice I
changed queens and had no more
trouble.

Mr. Johnson told of one instance
where it seemed apparent that the foul
brood was brought by the introduction
of a new queen.

As it was getting late Pres. Smith
suggested that it was time to adjourn.

Mr. Stone moved that the first thing
to be done in the morning be to take
up the consideration of a law for deal-
ing with the foul-brood problem, which
motion received a second and was car-
ried.

The meeting then adjourned till 9 a.
m. on Wednesday.

Second Day — Morning Session.

At 9:30 a. m. the convention met
again.

Pres. Smith — The meeting will now
come to order, and we will proceed
with the order of business. Upon ad-
journment last evening it was decided
that we should take up the question of
foul-brood legislation this morning.

Foul Brood Legislation.

Mr. Dadant — It seems to me you, Mr,
President, are the best informed man
on this matter, having served the As-
sociation as Inspector, and we should
have your ideas on the subject as to
how best the desired laws for the ex-
termination of foul brood may be se-
cured.

Mr. Stone — I want to say that I
have been on that same committee ev-
ery time, and I made it a business to
be at the State House twice a week.

Mar. 21, 1907

Amc»rican 'See Journal

I have seen members of tlic legislature
who have iiillueiice, and think they will
get this Bill through for us. It has
been recommended that when we get a
Bill passed that will go on the statute
books it will have become a law and
will not have to be passed each session,
as the Appropriation Bill has to be. They
object to our appointing the Inspector,
but we need not make a point of that.
Let the Governor have the appointing
power. If he does not appoint a man
who is qualified for the work it will
make so much opposition and trouble
that he will be obliged to select for
the position some one capable of filling
it. I believe that we will get a Bill
through just as we ask for it, and sug-
gest that we dictate it just as we want
it.

Pres. Smith — I will say that the Sen-
ate has always been favorable ; we will

another way. Ask for no appropriation,
but ask for an Inspector and let the
bees pay the c.xijensc.

Mr. Dadant— I have had some ex-
perience in these matters — have helped
to get Bills through, and would like
to suggest that while it is a good idea
to tax the bees, I don't believe that it
need be done. If you can get your Bills
into the proper hands they will go
through. There are certain of the mem-
bers of the legislature who get things
done. Put your Bills in the hands of
the right men and they will go through.

Pres. Smith— You might write letters
to members of the legislature every day
and it would not amount to anything.

Mr. Baxter — I do not agree with you
at all. I believe we can get what we
ask, and should make our wants known
to the members. You put it into the
hands of Senators Berry and Dunlap,

of spraying in time of bloom may be
beneficial, and result in producing bet-
ter fruit.

Mr. Johnson — It has been said that
writing letters will not do much good.
In that regard I would refer to the
Ladies' Home Journal which asked
its readers to write letters to help
create public sentiment.

Mr. Holekamp — I have had some ex-
perience in the work of getting Bills
through, and will say that I had 3,000
bee-keepers write to members, and then
I saw every member of the Senate and
nine-tenths of the members of the
House, and in many instances they
would say to me, "Oh yes, I have had
letters from home." I would also sug-
gest that your Bill be so drawn as to
provide for the extermination also of
black brood and other diseases. Those

President J. Q. Smith.

1st Vicb-Prbsidknt J. E. Johnson.

need some influence in getting it through
the House.

Mr. Johnson — I would like to ask just
vifhat was the opposition to the Bill pre-
sented to the last legislature?

Mr. Stone — There was no opposition.
It just failed to pass. In the same way
other Bills were killed, it was among
those that had not yet been passed when
the close of the session was reached,
and was simply shut out.

Mr. Johnson — According to this, then,
there was no opposition.

Pres. Smith — Mr. Stone and I called
on the Governor, who referred us to
the Attorney General. The Governor ex-
pressed neither approval or disapproval,
but said it should be passed upon by the
Attorney General, that whatever he re-"
commended as to its requirements
would be right. I was advised to drop
that Bill. Get the appropriation and
let the balance go.

Mr. Kildow — We all have read what
our committee have done, and I think
they have done all they possibly could.
It seems to me we might get at it in

and such men as they are in the House.
Another thing that we want is a law in
regard to spraying, and we ought to
have a similar law for the inspection of
importations of queens into the State.

Mr. Johnson — It was mentioned yes-
terday, that we have this inspection of
queens. And a spraying law ought to
be had. Spraying trees in bloom should
not be allowed.

Mr. Black— In the line of Mr. Bax-
ter's remarks, there are wheels within
wheels. The big thing, it seems to me,
in this is to have our legislators un-
derstand the need of these things. It
is well to be wise in the selection of
the men who are to present the mat-
ter to the committee. We want to be
sure to have this Bill pass through
the hands of some one who will see
that it doesn't conflict with other in-
terests, and do not get it in such shape
that it cannot be enforced. I think
■ there should be a law prohibiting spray-
ing in time rif bloom. Though from
experiences pi rsonally known to me, it
has been proven that a limited amount

letters help, and call attention to the
fact that there are such diseases.

Mr Stone quoted a member of the
legislature as saying, "If you don't quit
flooding me with letters I will see that
your Bill don't go through ;" but in
such a manner that it was apparent the
letters had done good work in securing
his interest in the measure.

Mr. Dadant — I think as time is becom-
ing limited it would be well for the
President to appoint a committee to
draft a bill to be presented to our legis-
lature, and that the members of the
Association be asked to write letters to
members of the legislature in the inter-
est of the same. I would suggest that
the three things be included — appropria-
tion, foul brood and spraying.

Mr. Dadant made a motion to that
eflfect which was seconded.

Mr. Kildow — Is it left for this com-
mittee to do as they see fit, or will you
instruct the committee as to their course
of action?

Mr. Becker — I am not in favor of in-
troducing three Bills. We are getting

240

American 'Ree Journal

Mar 21, 1907

too many bills. It will be like it was
two years ago. It was hard to get our
Bill through for an appropriation of
$l,ooo, and too many Bills will defeat
us in our efforts, and result in our
getting nothing. I think we would bet-
ter let the spraying matter alone, and
get the Foul Brood Bill through.

Mr. Dadant — I would like to insist on
giving the committee full scope. Let
them use their judgment in drafting the
Bill. Do not tell them to get up this
or that kind of Bill. We want a Bill
that will make sure destruction of foul
brood. As to passing three Bills — let
them do it if they can. I do not think
that we should limit the committee. If
the legislature does not pass all the Bills
— if they will not enact at one sessioiv
all that we want, we will go after them
next year.

The motion received a second and
was carried.

The result was as follows : President,
.1. Q. Smith; Secretary, Jas. A. Stone ;
and Treasurer, Charles Becker. First
Vice-President, J. E. Johnson of Wil-
liamsfield ; 2nd Vice-President, S. N.
Black, of Clayton ; 3rd Vice-President,
E. J. Baxter, of Nauvoo; 4th Vice-
President, A. L. Kildow, of Putman ;
5th Vice-President, W. H. Hyde, of
Canton.

Pres. Smith : — The appointment of
foul brood Inspector is next on your
list of business coming before you.

Mr. Stone — I move that our present
Inspector, Mr. J. Q. Smith, who has
served so acceptably, be appointed for
the coming year.

The motion having received a second
the question was put by Mr. Johnson,

courage us so that we neglect our bees,
and thus lose many colonies, so that
when a good honey-year comes we are
not prepared to meet it to the best ad-
vantage.

You have perhaps noticed that unless
we exert ourselves to follow our best
judgment, we naturally fall into a habit
of doing a good deal as others do. The
man who merely follows the crowd will
never succeed as well as he who does
what, after careful consideration, he
concludes to be the right thing to do,
whether others do it or not.

Let us review our present situation.
We have had an exceedingly poor
honey year, and last year was not extra
good. The blue-grass in the pastures
is in many places killed out by dry
weather, and, should we have a wet year,
which we usually do after a dry "one,

Secretary Jas. A. Stone.

Treasurer Chas. Becker.

Mr. Black — If they do not pass all,
they might pass one.

Mr. Baxter — Leave the committee ab-
solutely unfettered. I believe these Bills
will not conflict with others. We are
as much entitled to an appropriation as
other State societies. I believe we can
show the legislature the importance of
bee-keeping in this State.

The question was called.

Pres. Smith — The motion is carried.
I will appoint as such Committee : Mr.
Dadant, Mr. Johnson and Mr. Stone.

Mr. Pyles — ^I move that the Secretary
send to the members of the State Bee-
Keepers' Association the names of the
committees on appropriation in the
Senate and in the House and ask them
to write to their members, personal let-
ters.

The motion received a second and
was carried.

Mr. Pyles— Mr. President, I move
that the rules be suspended, and that we
proceed at once to the election of of-
ficers for the ensuing year.

the newly elected ist Vice-President,
and unanimously decided in the affirma-
tive.

A very sensible and interesting paper
was read by Mr. Johnson on :

IN THE POOR YEARS PREPARE

FOR THE GOOD YEARS THAT

ARE SURE TO FOLLOW

As we come together to discuss
things of interest to bee-keepers at this
convention, we come not as bee-keepers
having just reaped a bountiful harvest,
but we come, at least most of us, having
cause for discouragement, as in most
parts of Illinois there is this year al-
most a honey-famine. As bee-keepers,
we usually get enthusiastic when we art
in the midst of a prosperous year, and
when in the midst of a good honey-
harvest, we at once begin to plan to
increase the size of our apiary, and us-
ually we increase our number of colon-
ies only to find that when we are best
ready for a big honey-flow we don't
get it. Then the poor years will dis-

the white clover will spring up unhind-
ered ; not only so, but many people have
thinned out their stock so that it will
not be pastured so closely as usual ne.xt
year, and it is only when the white
clover gets ahead of the cattle that it
can yield its best. Not only so, but dur-
ing a wet year there will be much more
abundance of heartsease, Spanish-needle
and other fall flowers ; so, taking all
things into consideration, I think we
have a fair prospect for a moderately
good year in 1907. So let us not for-
get that in the time of a poor honey-
year is the time to keep up courage and
prepare for the good years that must
certainly follow.

Let me cite another feature. I have
quite a few neighbors that keep from
4 or 5 to 15 or 20 colonies of bees.
Three years ago they would stop me
in the road to talk bees, but now those
who have any bees left don't give them
a thought, because they don't bring in
an income. I talked with a man the
other day who had had from 20 to

Mar. 21, 1907

-■^^^^

American l^ae Jonrnal

2S colonics of bees until this year. lie
said he did not know whether they hau
enough honey to winter or not, as he
had not looked through them since last
spring, but he believed there were only
8 or 10 colonies left now, as several dieti
in the summer.

Another man lost all of his bees last
winter and spring, and so on. So we
have that advantage. These men with
their small apiaries won't be in the busi-
ness when the next good year comes
along, to glut the country store market
w^ith lo-cent honey in 2 or 3 year old
section-boxes. None of us know what
the future may bring forth, but one
thing we do know, and that is, in the
past the good seasons have always come
after the poor ones, and it is reasonable
to expect that history will repeat itself
in this respect. And if we are faithful
during our trials and hardships in bee-
keeping, we may expect to reap the
profits when the good times come.

The man who has a good-sized apiary,
and has his bees in shape to meet the
next good honey-year, is going to make
some money at bee-keeping. So let
us then carefully prepare our bees for
winter, and look after them well in the
spring, so that we may be prepared
for whatever may come. Aaiything that
is worth doing is worth doing well. Let
us apply this rule to bee-keeping at all
times, and if there be such a thing aa
success, we will be sure to make its
acquaintance.

In most parts of Illinois, 50 to 60
colonies are enough in one apiary in
average years. Let us be careful that
the good years do not catch us with
IS or 20 colonies and the poor ones with
100. If we liave 50 colonies in a very

good year, tlK-.\' can be increased easily;
and if we have 50 colonies in a fairly
poor year, we will get more honey than
if wc had a hundred, as we will have
many thousand less consumers of honey.
Wc should each study our locality, and
aim to keep the number of bees our
locality will support well in an average
season. J. E. Johnson.

The foregoing paper was followed by
a discussion which was participated in
by Mr. Black, who said that bee-keep-
ers were becoming fewer in number,
year by year, but those engaged in the
business were carrying it on more in-
telligently; and by Mr. Souer, who
asked of the l^resident the advisability
of putting a cushion on colonies where
two were united. This question brought
out interesting remarks from Messrs.
Baxter, Dadant and Holekamp, and,
like other practical discussion of living
questions, a valuable exchange of ideas
resulted.

As it was ncaring the noon hour when
some of the members had to leave the
city, Mr. Dadant and Mr. Black asked
to be excused, and after a little more
general discussion an adjournment was
taken to I :30 p. m.

At 1 :30 o'clock the meeting was called
to order with Vice-President Johnson
in the chair.

Mr. Kildow moved that each affiliated
bee-keepers' association in the State be
allowed to send a delegate to the State
convention and that their railroad fare
be paid by the State Association. Car-
ried.

After an hour or two spent in friend-
ly discussions, the meeting ended its ses-
sion in a sine die adjournment.

Jas. a. Stone, Sec.

duster for years, and have found it to
be very satisfactory.

Feather dusters are made of split
feathers, mostly used from turkeys,
and are therefore very soft, and will
not injure the bees or combs in the
least, even though you use it with
force. On the other hand, dusters
made of horsehair are very dense, and
when brushed over the bees it doubles
them up and rolls them over in a mis-
erable way.

Mrs. Caroline ZE1-1.ER.
Spring Bay, 111.

There is a difference of opinion in
regard to feather brushes. Some think
that feathers irritate the bees, some-
what as fuzzy woolen cloth does, while
others like them.

•We like the Coggshall brush, also
the long grass brush. But, better still,
a brush made of something green, as
goldeurod, aster, sweet clover, aspara-
gus, etc., if it were not for the trouble
of making a new brush each day.

QUT

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Another Misrepresentation to Be
Corrected

On page 94, reference is made to a
statement contained in a work of Dr.
Kellogg that was being widely circu-
lated, said statement being to the effect
that foundation of paraflBn was given
to the bees, and also glucose, and
"Thus we have honey which is wholly
artificial, with the exception of a por-
tion of the wax." Thanks are due to
our correspondent who called attention
to the matter, since it has brought
from Dr. Kellogg the following frank
and candid letter which needs no fur-
ther comment :

Battle Creek, Mich., Feb. 10, 1907.
Editor American Bee Journal: — My at-
tention has been called to an article from one
of your correspondents referring to a state-

ment in the " Home Hand-Book," with refer-
ence to honey. The paragraphs referred to
were written 30 years ago, and at that time I
had every reason to believe that the state-
ments made were true. I am glad my atten-
tion has been called to the matter, and I will
see that the text is corrected if not in har-
mony with the facts as they exist at the pres-
ent time.

I believe honey is an excellent food, and is
very much superior to cane-sugar. The latter
is often a cause of disease.

Very truly yours,

J. H. Kellogg, M. D.

Feather Duster for Brushing Bees

Resolution in Behalf of the Baroness
Burdett-Coutts

In the report of a meeting of the
Council of the British Bee-Keepers'
Asscciation, given in the British Bee
Journal, occurs the following :

On taking the chair, .\Ir. Cowan alluded in
feeling terms to the loss sustained by the
death of the President, the Baroness Burdett-
Coutts, who had occupied that position, to
the great advantage of the bee-keeping indus-
try, for nearly 30 years In conclusion,

Mr. Cowan moved the following resolution :

"That the Council of this Association desire
to place on record their sense of the irrepar-
able loss they have sustained in the death of
their revered President, to whose continual
practical interest and generous liberality they
have been indebted for so many years past;
and to convey the same to Mr. W. Burdett-
Coutts, together with their sympathy with
him in his loss."

The resolution was seconded by Mr. Weston
and adopted.

Cellar-Wintering of Bees at Low
Temperature

I have noticed several inquiries in
the American Bee Journal from sub-
scribers in regard to brushing bees
from combs. I have used a feather

On page 115, "Wisconsin," whose
thermometers varied 10 degrees from
highest to lowest, was told in the Ques-
tion-Box, " The idea is to find at what
temperature your bees are most quiet by
your thermometer, in your cellar, no
matter what the authorities say." Miss
May G. Devine takes heart from this,
as she had fears previously that her
bees had not been behaving in an en-
tirely orthodox manner in considera-
tion of the temperature shown in her
cellar by the thermometer. She says :

My bees have always wintered with what
appeared to be absolute success, but this is
the first intimation I ever had that they were
conducting themselves with perfect propriety
in so doing, for so far as I can judge by ther-
mometers that vary something as " Wiscon-
sin's " did, the mercury averages about 37 de-
grees— quite likely lower — certainly no higher.

I keep about 50 colonies, and you could stay
in the cellar an hour almost any time from the
middle of November till nearly time to take
them out, and I doubt if you could say there
was a bee there. The cellar where they are is
large (under our living rooms), a solid rock
bottom, dark as Egypt, no windows, and both
doors always closed. The rock on the bottom
slants a good deal, and much of the year a

242

Mar 21, 1907

American Vae Journal

stream of water trickles over it— after a heavy
storm, or, in spring, quantities of it.

I linew the bees were always quiet— practi-
cally no bees ever crawling around the en-
trances, still when without exception every
^' authority ^^ said "not below 43 degrees,'" I
had a sort of uncomfortableleelingthat some-
thing should be done.

(Miss) May G. Dbvinb.

Sandy Hill, N. Y., Feb. 13.

This is exceedingly interesting. It
is perhaps the lowest temperature ever
reported in the cellar with such good re-
sults. The question arises as to
whether the authorities are to be ig-
nored as of no account. By no means.
It is useful to have something to go
upon in trying to settle the right tem-
perature for each cellar ; and it helps
to know that for the average ther-
mometer in the average cellar 45 de-
grees is about the right figure, jur.t as
it is useful to know that so many yards
make a dress-pattern for the average
woman ; but that does not hinder any
one from getting more or less than an
average dress-pattern if occasion de-
mands.

In the present case, there is a possi-
bility that even with varying thermom-
eters no thermometer was used that
registered sufficiently high. Most
likely, however, the peculiar conditions
of the cellar have something to do in
the case ; and Miss Devine is to be
congratulated that her bees behave to
her heart's fondest wish, even if she
did not succeed in getting her ther-
mometer to "speak the piece" she
thought it ought to speak.

"Freyhoff" Honey-Cakes

In Praktischer Wegweiser, Mrs.
Emma Freyhoff (is she perhaps the
wife of Editor Freyhoff 7) gives the fol-
lowing recipe for a kind of honey-cakes
that she esteems highly :

One and ji pounds of honey of good
quality and 1 pound of good butter are
melted together, then into the blood-
warm mass gradually add, stirring
vigorously : 1 pound sugar, ^i pound
beaten almonds, some grated lemon-
rind, 3 heaping teaspoons soda — in 10
cents worth rosewater — and 4 pounds
of wheat flour. Knead thoroughly with
the hands, and roll out the dough an
inch or more thick. Bake in cakes
with moderate heat.

Horseradish and Honey for Hoarse-
ness

This is one of the quickest-acting remedies
known for hoarseness. Let the patient chew
a small piece of the root, a piece about the
size of the little finger. For a severer case,
make a syrup of grated horseradish and
honey, or horseradish and sugar and water,
and give one teaspoonful every 1 or 2 hours
as a dose. — Selected.

It is said that the celebrated Dr.
Asada, attending physician to the im-
perial family of Japan, uses the above.

Amerikanii^clie Uienenzucht,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1 75. Address
all orders to this office.

^^^

Rcflcctioniy

Caiifornia Bce-Keeper

Br W. A. Prtal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

The " Harvest" of the Bee-Fathers

The great bee-keepers who placed
the occupation of tending bees for
profit in the high position it now oc-
cupies, have almost all passed away.
Verily, when we cast our mind's eye
over the field of bee-culture, it first
appears to us that all the eminent
workers of a few decades ago have
been translated to the great " Bee-Pas-
ture " beyond this life. Still, we have
a few of these workers with us, but we
hear but little of them. They have
nearly gathered their last crop of honey
and have gone into " winter quarters,"
as it were.

These reflections came to me as I
was reading, a few minutes ago, "The
Bee-Keeper's Directory," a pretentious
volume issued from the press of San
Francisco, in 1861, by J. S. Harbison.

Father Harbison Still With Us.

J. S. Harbison ! This was a name to
conjure with 30 years ago ; how seldom

J. S. Harbison.

do we hear of it to-day ! Harbison,
the great 1 Harbison, the man who
owned more bees than any other one
man, and whose apiaries were scattered
upon a hundred hills in Southern Cali-
fornia 1 Yes, Harbison, the man who
sent the first car-load of honey to the
London market, and who previously
had the honor of sending the first
train-load of California sage-honey
East. This was the man who did
great things in California. And,
strange to say, he never published any-
thing to speak of about bees since the

appearance of liis " Directory," 46
years ago — a long time, indeed !

Harbison was the father of Califor-
nia bee-culture, though he was not the
first to import bees to this State ; but
in this he was only antedated by a few
years by other persons. He, however,
was the first to make big money out of
bees in the Golden West.

The First Honey-Section.

J. S. Harbison is given the credit as
the inventor of the surplus honey-sec-
tion. It was a good, fat section — not
small and skimpy, like the section now
so common in the honey markets. If
the pioneer inventor had made all in-
one-piece sections in the early days,
and used separators as now in use,
there is no doubt, in my mind, that the
interests of bee-keeping would have
been better off. A larger section should
always have been on the market. The
fault has been with the factories that
turn them out, as the fault of queer
styles in men's clothes lay with a tailor
somewhere or another in one of the
big cities of the world. Such is fash-
ion ; fashion, however, often does
ridiculous things ! Harbison says he
invented the section on Christmas day,
1857 — a splendid gift to bestow upon
the bee-world and mankind ; it was a
great gift given on a great day. Just
think, it will be a half century next
Christmas day since the honey-section
was invented.

High Prices for Honey

I have noticed, as I have passed many
stores in our cities lately, that comb-
honey is marked higher than I ever
knew it to be before in Central Cali-
fornia. I saw it quoted at 20 cents per
pound section. It has been usually a
dime, though more often 15 cents, or 2
sections for 25 cents. But that price
is nothing to brag about, though many
a bee-keeper would like to get it for his
entire crop. Twenty cents per pound
is nothing to get for honey, compared
with the price G. D. Heyford, of Ne-
vada county (this State), received for
honey in 1857, as reported in the Pacific
Rural Press of November, 1889. Fifty
years ago Mr. Heyford says that he
and another person were bringing 10
colonies of bees from Maine to Califor-
fornia. The bees were lost in a car-
wreck on the isthmus, but the honey
carried along to feed the bees arrived
at Marysville all right, where it sold at
$5 per pound ; and was not considered
much of a luxury even at that price.
The price obtained was sufficient to

Mar. 21, 1907

American lU^e Journal

pay the carfare ($470) for each of the
importers. Surely, if one had much of
such sweets, and could realize as well
on all of it as did those early bee-en-
thusiasts, he would have something
better than a gold-mine. The price
mentioned was better, however, than
that obtained in San Jose for the first
crop of honey produced in the State,
so far as known. One pioneer bee-
keeper had 400 pounds of box honey in
1856, which was sold for from $1.50 to
$2.00 per pound. That price was not
bad, either; (in lieu of $5.00 I think I
would be satisfied with the $1.50 figure. )

The Coming Honey Season

What will the crop be? I don't
know ; better ask the Man in the
Moon. No one knows what a crop will
be several months ahead in California,
any more than lu- can tell elsewhere.
One thing, everything is very favor-
able for an abundant harvest. A suc-
cession of cool nl^^hts may retard nec-
tar-secretion in tlie flowers, so that the
honey output will be small. We can
not bank upon it, so we shall wait and
see.

That is a hard thing to speak of,
though nearly all of us drop into talk-

Bee-Keepino: at Berkeley

I learn that Ralph Benton is giving
a series of lectures at the University of
California upon bee-keeping. The lec-
tures are given Saturday afternoons at
Berkeley, and are free to all who may

this paragraph I may remark that it
was hoped for a long time that the
California University would call Prof.
A. J. Cook to the Chairof Entomology.
I trust it will do so. Then what a
strong showing bee-cultural this al-
ready prominent seat of learning will
make !

" Songs of Beedom."— This is a t)eaii
tiful l(J-page-an(]-cover pamphlet, 0x0 inches
in size, coDtalning 10 bee-songs— words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we l>elieve. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every twe-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use

A Characteristic Southern Caufoknian Scene — East San Beknardino Vai<i,ey.

ing of the weather and the season
quite often. 'Tis a habit we all sort of
fall into — perhaps we learn to do so at
the barber shop — a bad place to learn
anything much, to tell the truth. But,
to the season ;

Well, so far it is all that any bee-
keeper could desire. Plenty of rain,
and more. February opened up in fine
style ; vegetation boomed ahead as if
it were in a hot-house with bottom-heat.
In the hives brood-rearing spread out
fairly rapidly ; honey and pollen came
in so plentifully that a surplus of it
was stored. By the middle of March
some swarms were expected in the cen-
tral portion of the State.

wish to attend. It has not yet been
my privilege to meet this gifted young
gentleman, withal he does not live a
hundred miles from where I am writ-
ing this. (I wonder if he can hear the
click of my typewriter, as I run off
these lines.) I am glad the Regents of
the University have secured some one
that knows something practical about
bees. Heretofore the entomological
part of the bee was well considered by
the department, but never was a cap-
able person in charge of the practical
side of bee-culture. As Mr. Benton
grows older, I have not the least doubt
but the bee-world will hear something
remarkable from him. Before I close

at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for -$1.10. Send all orders to the oflSce
of the American Bee Journal.

Our fVood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal fora year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year— both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

American liae ^oarnalj

Mar. 21, 1907

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Brauosfels, Tex.

Texas BlooraGaloreand Swarm-
ing' in March

While the bees are still in the cellar
"up North," their Southern " cousins "
have a great variety of bloom to keep
them busy. There are over 3 dozen
bloomers for our bees during this
month of March, of vehich I have speci-
mens in my collections, and there are
a few that have been added that occur
in other parts of the State.

Some of these plants are not of great
importance, but every little bit helps
during the early spring months when
brood-rearing is going on rapidly and
the stores are consumed. Especially
does the bee-keeper value the coming
of these bloomers when he is aware
that his colonies are running short,
and, unless they do come, feeding must
be resorted to. New pollen, and lots of
it, is also a valuable thing during this
season of heavy breeding, especially
when the main honey-flow comes early
and the bees must be " hurried " to
populous colonies in "short order."
For this reason many of the plants
that yield only pollen are of consider-
able value ; even though some of these
yield small quantities of it, the fact
that bees visit them is sufficient, or the
bees would be " out " just so much.

Of course, those plants which yield
both honey and pollen are of most im-
portance, for nothing, in my mind,
stimulates early brood rearing more
than do//i new honey a?id new polleft.

The following list is given, as the
blooming periods of the plants follow
each other, the time of each blooming
period being given for each plant :

Greggia camporuin. Gray, is a low-
growing plant, bearing small white
flowers in umbel-like clusters, in moun-
tains, waste fields and fertile prairies
of West Texas. Honey and pollen
early, but not abundant, in the latter
part of February and well into March.

Ouercus. — This includes all of the
Oak family ; yielding pollen and honey
from the " oak balls " made by a " gall
insect." There are a great many spe-
cies of oaks, but the most common ones
are here given. Of these, Ouercus vir-
giniana. Mill — the Live oak is the ear-
liest here, and occurs abundantly in the
forests from the Gulf States through
southern and west Texas to the moun-
tains of New Mexico. Q. minor (Marsh),
Sarg., or the common Post oak, is very
plentiful on sandy or sterile soils, ex-
tending from the Atlantic States to
central and southwest Texas. Q. nigra,
L., Black Jack or Barren oak, has
about the same range and habitat. Q.

palustris, Du Roi, Swamp, Spanish or
Pin oak, is found on low ground ex-
tending in Texas to the valley of the
Colorado River west ; Q, rubra, L,.
(Red oak), and O. a</iiafica~Wa.H. (Wa.ter
oak), with about the same range and
habitat. Of these, the four last named
are not so abundant, but all aid in
early brood-rearing.

A/elia azadarach, L,., our umbrella
shade trees, naturalized and much
planted throughout central and south-
west Texas, furnish an abundance of
bloom, and help early brood-rearing
during the month.

Rubus trevialis, Mx., or Dew-Berry,
southern blackberry, common in east-
ern, southern and western Texas, upon
which bees work busily for honey and
pollen.

Acacia Jarneciana, Willd. (Huisache)
— a tree much like the mesquite, but
having smaller leaflets, dark green ;
the branches and limbs bearing long
thorns. The flowers are globular,
about ,'i! inch in diameter, yellow, and
very fragrant. Honey and bright yel-
low pollen is obtained from this source.
Its distribution extends from San An-
tonio to the Gulf Coast and lower Rio
Grande, where it is very plentiful in
the richer soils.

Salix nigra. Marsh — Black willow,
and several other species, are well
known for their value as stimulators
in the spring, both for honey and an
abundance of pollen. March and into
April.

Marubrium vulgare, L., common
hoarhound, often begins to bloom in
March, and continues until late in sum-
mer, thus aiding in early brood-rear-
ing, and later furnishing surplus honey
where plentiful. It is found pretty
well distributed over the South in fer-
tile places, fence-corners and pens.
The lioney is amber in color, and some-
times of very nauseating sweetness,
while it is claimed to be bitter by some
persons.

I'itis monticola, Benkley — a common
mountain grape, besides others of the
grapes ; they yield pollen to some ex-
tent.

ftiglans tiigra, L. (Black walnut), ex-
tending from the East to the valley of
the San Antonio River, is not very
abundant, but yields some honey and
pollen.

Hicoria pecan (Marsh), Britton, is our
Pecan Nut tree, and extends from the
Gulf States to the streams of central
and southwestern Texas. Much pollen
is obtained, and I believe some honey,
bees fairly roaring in the blooming
trees, and colonies are much stimulated
in brood-rearing.

Hicoria alba (E) Britton, and other
species, are hickory-nut trees, abun-
dant in the sandy land sections of the
southern part of the State, and yield
some honey and pollen.

Asclepias, or Milkweed, yields some
honey, and the sticky and clef t pollen
clings to the bees' feet, often in such
masses as to cripple them, to cause
death to the tortured insect. The milk-
weeds are widely distributed.

Space this week does not permit me
to give all of our March bloomers, so
half of them are given which generally
bloom by the middle of the month. The
rest will be given later.

A trip to some of my yards a few
days ago showed that colonies were
getting along fine, new honey dripping
from the combs when handled, and
some colonies so strong that they were
preparing to swarm soon. Supers were
given to provide more room, and the
entrances of the hives were raised to ^4
inches deep for better ventilation, so
as to retard swarming until further
manipulations to prevent it can be ad-
ministered.

Honey as a Health-Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. Tlie first
part of it contains a short article on "Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for J2.25; 500 for $4,00; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
hj advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Bee-Song Souvenir Postal Cards. —

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for bee-keepers, each card having one
of thefollowing songs, about 314x3^4 in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card:
" Buckwheat Cakes and Honey," " The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming
of the Bees." Tlie first two cards have small
pictures of the authors of the words and
music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now issued for the use of bee-keep
ers, the first being the " Honey-Bear " card'
Prices, by mail, are as follows: Sample cards.
3 cents each ; 7 for 20 cents, or 10 for 25 cents,

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion Photograph was taken Dec. 6, 1906.
which was very good indeed. Price, post-
paid, in mailing tube, 60 cents. Send orders
to the office of the American Bee Journal,
and we will see that the pictures are mailed.

Mar. 21, 1907

245

American Hee Journal

Nilk
%cstion-Btx^

Send Questions either to the oflice of the American Beo Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

|^° Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mail.

Buying Bees or Makinj; Increase

I am 31 years old, and I own 4 colonies of
bees. I am as interested in the bee-business
as I think any person can be. I have read all
the bee-literature I could for i) years. At
present I am taking 4 bee-papers. Would
you advise me to buy more bees, or to wait
until those I have increase? Wisconsin.

Answer. — That depends. If you want to
increase to a considerably larger number, and
have an opportunity of buying a few colonies
at a bargain, as sometimes happens at an
auction, or when some one wants to get rid
of his bees, it will be well for you to buy. But
if you can't buy for less than $5.00 a colony,
then it will be more profitable tor you to run
your bees tor increase than for honey. Only
don't make the mistake of having a number
of weak culonies on hand in the fall. It
would, no doubt, be an easy thing to increase
those 4 colonies to 20 or more by fall, and
then lose most of them in the winter because
too weak, but in the long run you will get on
faster to move a little more slowly and surely.
Of course, something depends upon the sea-
son. In a very poor season it may not be
safe to increase at all, unless you do a good
deal of feeding. But if you reach next fall
with 10 or 13 strong colonies, another good
season ought to bring you up to 40 or so.

Qiueerly Acting Colony Perhaps
dueenless

1 have one colony the bees of which seem
to be making a noise at the entrance and run-
ning up and down the front of the hive, and
all over the alighting-board. They will fly
oH just a little and then back. In fact, they
act queerly— as if they had been disturbed or
dequeened. I have 16 colonies, all on the
summer stands, and all are quiet except this
one. What is the matter? Kentuckt.

Answer. — It is very much to be feared that
the colony is queenless. By this time there
ought to be in your locality brood in any col-
ony that has a good queen. If you find no
brood present it is pretty certain they have no
laying queen. I don't know just how early
matters are in your part of Kentucky, but
another possibility is that a young queen has
been reared, and that the bees were excited,
as you found them, when she took her wed-
ding-flight. Give the colony a comb contain-
ing young brood, and if they start queen-cells
it is fair evidence that no sort of queen is
present, though, sometimes, bees start cells
when a virgin is present.

Puttins Pull Supers on the Hive

On page 131, is a picture of L. A. Smith and
a colony of Carniolans. How is he going to
put those supers back without smashing a lot
of bees? California.

Answer. — Not often will enough bees be in
the way to make much trouble. When a few
are on the upper edges of the sides and ends

of the brood-chamber, suggest to them that
they better gel off by means of a little smoke.
Don't blow (luwn upon them, but blow up-
wards against the outside of the brood-cham-
ber, and enough smoke will come up at the
top. But when the bees are piled over the
top as they appear to be in the picture to
which you refer, a quicker way is to use no
smoke, or, at most, only a little on the edges,
and set one end of the super on the brood-
chamber, keeping the other end raised 6
inches or so. While letting the first end
down, don't do it quickly or you'll mash a
lot of bees; but with an up and down and
also a sort of sliding motion, until you can
get at least one corner to rest without any
bees under it, then you will gradually let
down the whole super, playing it up and
down, gradually letting it down a little and
a little lower until clear down, and you need
not kill a bee although they may be cluster-
ing an inch thick all over the hive.

Growing Basswood Trees

1. I have just ordered some basswood trees.
How close can I plant them together?

3. Will they grow well in this climate;
that is, hot and dry in the summer-time, sub-
ject to strong winds in winter, no snow, and
temperature never falling very low!

3. How long will it be before they yield
nectar to amount to anything?

4. How much water do they need when
growing* California.

Answers. — 1. When they get to be large
trees, 20 to 25 feet is close enough. It is not
a bad plan to plant only half as far apart as
you want the trees finally; then when half
grown, to cut out three-fourths of them. The
danger is that you will be too tender-hearted
to cut them at the right time; but you will
not have so much nectar from large trees that
are too crowded. You will easily see, how-
ever, that up to the time they get half their
full growth there would be a gain in nectar
by having the larger number of trees.

3. I don't know. One would think that
conditions are all right; yet I don't remem-
ber that any one has reported planting bass-
woods on a large scale in California.

3. Not before S or 10 years in this locality ;
but things move faster in your pushing
climate.

4. At a guess, I should say the same amount
as crops in general, particularly other trees.

Requeening from a "Star" Colony

I have 8 colonies of bees, one of which
gives me more honey than all the rest to-
gether. I want to requeen all colonies from
that one " star '' colony. How am I to do it
and still get returns from all? My surplus
never begins until Aug. 1. New Jerset.

Answers. — Build up the colony with the
best queen by giving it brood and bees from
other colonies, making it so strong that it
will swarm before any other colony. Call
this colony No. 1. and let No. 3 be the

strongest of the other colonies, No. '.i the next
strongest, and so on down to No. H, the weak-
est. When No. 1 awarms, put the swarm on
the Bland of No. 1, put No. 1 on the stand of
No. 2, and put No. 3 on a new stand. In
about 8 days .No. 1 will swarm again with a
virgin. Put the swarm In place of No. 1, put
No, 1 in place of No. 3, and put No. 3 on a
new stand. A day or two later, when No. 1
swarms again, proceed as before, and let No.
1 take the place of No. 4, and then in succes-
sion of NoE. 0, G, ", and H, provided No. 1 is
complaisant enough to swarm so many times,
which would be nothing strange. You will
BOW have 8 colonies of the same stock, 7 colo-
nies with the otherold queens, and you ought
to have as much honey as if each colony bad
swarmed once.

Perhaps you would rather proceed another
way. A little before there is danger of swarm-
ing, put in the central part of No. 1 a frame
with a starter of foundation not much more
than an inch deep. A week or 10 days later
take out this frame (it wouldn't be a bad plan
to put in its place another frame of the same
kind in case it should be needed later i, and
trim off the edge of the comb that contains
only eggs, but not trimming away any of the
young larv;c. Put this frame in the middle of
No. 2, at the same time removing the queen of
No. 2. Ten days later — be sure not to wait
longer than that — you ought to have a lot of
fine queen-cells. Pul each one into a cage,
having the cage provisioned so the bees can
eat into it, the same as in introducing a
queen, remove the old queens that you want
to replace, and at the same time put in the
caged queen-cells. If all goes well, the bees
ought to do the rest. This plan will change
the queens without any increase, and there
ought to be no swarming with young queens
so reared. Of course, you can combine the
two methods in a variety of ways.

Another way is to make nuclei and rear
young queens, introducing them afterwards.

Pollen from Red Cedar

My bees gathered pollen from red cedar to-
day (March 4), and as I have failed to find
cedars referred to as a source of honey or
pollen, it struck me as something rather un-
usual. Is that a common occurrence?

Arkansas.

Answer. — I don't know; but it is quite
likely that it is nothing unusual, even though
no mention may have been made of it. It is
only the plants from which unusual quanti-
ties of either honey or pollen are obtained
that are generally mentioned as honey-plants.

Do Bees Get Disease from Comb

Foundation ?— Superseding

Queens

1. Is there any danger of Introducing foul
brood, or any other disease, into my colonies
by using freely of comb foundation*

3. Is it not a fact that many combs affected
with foul brood and other diseases are ren-
dered into wax, and that the foundation on
sale by all dealers is contaminated more or
less with this same wax?

3. In Doolittle's " Queen-Rearing,'' page
111, he says: "To supersede a queen, hatch
a young queen in an upper story over a zinc
excluder, and after she is hatched remove the
excluder and your old queen is superseded."
Will the plan work invariabhj ?

4. How soon after the young queen hatches,
as mentioned in No. 3, shall I remove the ex-
cluder to make success certain > Indiana.

Answers.— 1. I don't believe there is any
danger.

3. Undoubtedly much wax is made from
foul-broody combs, and just as undoubtedly
much of it must fall into the hands of the
manufacturers of comb foundation. But it
does not necessarily follow that the founda-
tion is contaminated so as to make it in the
least dangerous. I have bought hundreds of

Mar. 21, 1907

American Hae Journal

pounds of foundation, and there has never
been any foul brood among my bees. Hun-
dreds of others have done the same. The
continued high temperature to which the wax
is subjected when being made into founda-
tion, destroys even the spores in foundation.
I think that some hold, too, that even if a
spore were not destroyed by the heat it could
not germinate after receiving an impervious
coating of wax.

3. No; and I do not think Mr. Doolittle
claims invariable success. Remember that in
the natural course of events every queen is
superseded by the bees, and that such super-
seding usually occurs somewhere in the
neighborhood of the close of the harvest.
Now when any colony has a queen that it is
about to supersede, if you will get in a little
ahead by having over the excluder a virgin
before one has been reared below, you may be
practically certain of success. If you do the
same thing early in the season, especially
wherp a vigorous queen is doing duty below,
you may expect failure.

4. From what has been said, you will see
that the time of taking away the excluder has
little to do with success. If you want to take
advantage of the plan, about the close of the
harvest, give a cell from the best stock to
each queen you want superseded, and take
away the excluder immediately after the vir-
gin emerges, or a day later, or 3 or 3 days
later, and where you succeed you will have
better stock than if you had left the bees to
themselves; and where you fail you will only
have lost a queen-cell. But you stand a
chance of many successes.

Best Bees for Comb Honey-
Sheets of Foundation

Full

1. What kind of bees do you consider the
best for the production of comb honey?

2. Is it better to have full sheets of founda-
tion in the brood-frames? Also in sections?
If so, why? Maine.

Answers.— 1. In general, the best workers,
that is, those which will store the most
honey. Vet there are two things to be taken
into account that might make one prefer bees
that are not the greatest storers. Suppose we
have a colony that stores a certain amount,
and another that stores 5 percent more, but
the latter daubs its sections very badly with
glue, while the former leaves them practically
clean. In that case we would be likely to
prefer the poorer gatherers, .\gain, there is
a great difference in the whiteness of sealing.
Some colonies seal snowy white, while others
make sections look watery or greasy. The
latter are not satisfactory for sections, no
matter how good storers. The Punic, or
Tunisians, are the worst I ever knew for both
glueing and watery sealing, and it is possible
that the two go together generally. Black
bees are said to seal whiter than Italians, but
I suspect that Italians are not alike in this
respect, for my Italians and hybrids have
made very white sections. On the whole,
you probably can do no better than to get a
good strain of Italians for section work. Pos-
sibly Caucasians may prove to be desirable,
but at present reports about them are too
contradictory to recommend them unreserv-
edly.

It may not be out of place to suggest that
you can do well to watch which colonies do
best at giving a big Jot of very white sections,
and breed from such colonies.

2. Yes; because you will then be sure of
having combs entirely straight, and no drone-
cells.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee .Tournal one
year— both for only $1.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal offlce.

Gathering Clover Pollen— Fission

On page 152, Mr. Hasty says, " Live ones
(meaning bees) seldom have pollen when
working on clover." It is all very different
here. I believe at least X of all the pollen
gathered is from clover, in my locality but
very little buckwheat is grown. Frequently
I have found the combs over-stocked with late
clover pollen — even the extracting combs
sometimes contain sickening quantities of
clover pollen. Clearly a case of conditions
and locality.

REPRODUCTION ET FI38ION.

When Mr. Hasty gets his endowed institute
in successful operation to study Fission with
a hundred microscopes, till the secret is dis-
covered why the cells of creatures that repro-
duce by Fission do not grow old, I guess it
will be found out that they do grow old, and
that new ones are constantly forming.
Meekly and lowly, I beg to suggest that it
may not be profitable or wise to discuss the
birth of Christ in the fashion found on page
153. S. T. Pettit.

Aylmer, Ont., Feb. 25.

Very Early Season

Our season is very early. Bees are at the
swarming point. First eggs were found in
queen-cells on Feb. 2". Prospects for honey
are fine. J. W. K. Shaw & Co.

Loreauville, La., March 11.

A Beginner's Success

I am a young man, who, by lucky chance,
got a couple of colonies of bees 2 years or
more ago. And having good luck last sum-
mer I increased to 4, had lots of honey for our
own use, and sold some $12 worth of comb
honey. I am in favor of the T-super, which
I use with plain sections and fence-separa-
tors. Walter M. Adema.

Berlin, Mich., Feb. 23.

Large Hives Are Best

On page 16", Dr. Bohrer, in an article under
the heading, " Non-Swarming Hives to Pre-
vent or Control Swarming," says that in 1864
he used a hive with 16 or 18 frames Lang-
stroth size. From my experience with many
sizes and styles of hives, the Jumbo lOframe
comes nearer tilling the bill than an odd-size
hive-body will. By all means let us have uni-
form sizes of hives, except as to depth; that
is a matter of choice. It one desires to pro-
duce extracted honey, supers 6V inches deep,
with frames 6 inches deep, will give better re-
sults than deeper ones. The combs will not
break down in hot weather, and are sealed
over, and you can give surplus-room as it is
needed. Thos. M. Chekrt.

Quincy, 111., March 1.

Starting With Bees, Etc.

I started a year ago with 7 colonies in box-
hives, and with the aid of " A B C of Bee-
Culture" and reading bee-papers I increased
them to 50 colonies, and took off about 500
pounds of nice section-honey. This year, with
an extractor, I expect to make them do much
better. The §1.00 queens I bought in the
springdid not do well. I suppose it was too
hot. But in August I got 2 dozen from a
Louisiana breeder. They all did fine.

The last 3 winters we have had plenty of
rain in Arizona. Spring is here now with all
of its beauty. Thej beesl^are just as happy

and busy as they can be. I do love to see
them come in with their loads of pollen. The
little birds are building their nests under the
eves of the porches. I want to kill them, but
my wife says, "No, no; you must not kill
them; they are just as happy as your bees;"
and so they are, bringing sticks, straws, and
strings. I am afraid they will eat my bees,
but the good lady and the birds will have to
have their way about the matter.

I make my own hives, and I believe every
beginner, if he is noi able to buy them, should
make as many of his bee-fixtures as possible.
I think every bee-paper should give instruc-
tions, simple and plain, how to make a good
hive, with drawings and cuts of every part of
it, so as to make it easily understood by any
one; and keep these instructions continually
in the bee-papers. It is the poor people who
need help. The rich can and will get on all
right. T. J. RiGGS.

Teviston, Ariz., Feb. 16.

[We imagine if the same instructions and
drawings were kept in Mr. Riggs' bee-paper
for a year or two, he would get pretty tired
of seeing them. The better way would be for
the beginner to get one hive all complete,
nailed and painted, and then use it as a sam-
ple.—EniTOR.]

Feeding Bees in Winter

I have 6 colonies of bees, and they are
doing nicely. I fed them all through the
winter. In January I fed them on 15 days,
and in February, 1? days. I fed them out-
doors, taking 2 pounds of sugar and 2 pounds
of water to make the syrup, and put it in old
brood-combs, and then laid them on top of 3
one-gallon jars. It is great sport to watch
them work. J. F. McClure.

Gay lord, Kans., March 1.

Bees and Grapes

I have seen a good many men discussing
the question of bees destroying grapes and
fruit. I have often read of this but I think
none of them are correct. I believe the cause
of grapes cracking open is their ripening in a
dry spell or a drouth. Last year they cracked
open in this part of the country more than
they have for years, and the bees worked on
them so badly that it was a disagreeable job
to cut them without getting stung on the
fingers.

The grapes ripened in 2 or 3 weeks in dry
weather, and when they did get ripe there
came a heavy rain a week afterward ; then the
vines drew more moisture out of the ground,
causing the ripe grapes to get more juicy and
riper, and they began to crack.

The same is true of a tomato. If a tomato
gets ripe in one week and is left on the vine
until the next week, and there comes a rain,
it will crack just the same as do the grapes.

Milan, 111., Feb. 28. Josiah Johnston.

Increasing 1 Colony to 7, and Get-
ting a Crop

How I happened to be reduced to one col-
ony might be more interesting, but a hundred
or more empty combs and stacks of empty
hives and fixtures would be a strange con-
trast with the reports given in the bee-papers
for the past poor season. So I will start with
my one Italian queen of the red clover strain,
in a 10-frame hive packed in a chaff case of
large dimensions. When I found myself re-
duced to this in the spring of 1906, I held a
" bee-convention " all by myself, and re-
solved to devote the remainder of my life to
the science and art of bee-keeping; that I
would turn over a new leaf and pay more at-
tention to queen-rearing; that I would at-
tend to the wants of the bees, no matter what
else was neglected.

I commenced the season by getting one
more queen. I gave 2 frames of brood and
bees, and one of empty comb, to the new
queen, and some D. section-cases to the old
one. About as 1 soon as they got well started

Mar. 21, 1907

247

Amc>rican Me Journal

in the sections, a large swarm came out and
clustered In the old apple-tree, under whose
branches I had held my " bee-convention."
Then I took the hive of brood and queen-cells
and made :i of it, putting the extra cells in
West queen-cell protectors.

The old queen with the swarm tilled the
empty combs and did some work in the sec-
tions and swarmed again. I hived them again
on more empty comb and sections, and the
combs of brood and bees I divided again, mak-
ing 7 in all. These small colonies were built
up by feeding, and given empty comb, one
frame at a time as needed. When the golden-
rod began to bloom all were built up strong,
and all fllled up for winter. The crop of
honey was not over 25 pounds, but was all
engaged at 2.t cents per pound before it came
off the hives. Three or 4 dollars worth of
sugar was fed, and 3 bee-papers subscribed
for.

My ledger account would stand something
like this: Cash paid, *7 to SS; honey sold,
$5 to ?0. (iiven away and used, ?3 to $3. As
my hopes are banked on 7 colonies this win-
ter instead of 3, I shall have to wait until
spring to see if my bee-keeping has been a
paying business or an expensive luxury.

E. B. Whipple.

Hillsboro Center, N. H., Feb. 20.

Bees Wintering Well

Winter here has been quite severe, but it
seems to have broken. I had my bees in a
dark room where the temperature was even,
but very cold. Last Sunday was an unusually
bright and warm day, so I got out one colony
and let it fly. I found the bees clean and
healthy, but short on stores. Still, it I can
help them to hold their own from this time
till spring actually opens, I will have a good
start for the summer's campaign.

I ran across the American Bee Journal
away up in the mountains of Montana last
October. It was like meeting an old friend.
S. E. Fabnham.

Madison, Minu., Feb. 30.

Blacl( Bees vs. Italians

In the discussion of the black and the Ital-
ian bees with Mr. Macdonald, on page 105,
there is no hint of a variation in type, in
either. Two types of Italians have been rec-
ognized in this country from the beginning,
and these differ in those characteristics that
make for profit, as is shown by the fact that
honey-producers, as a rule, prefer the one and
queen-breeders the other.

There are 2 types of blacks, also — the one
black, small and vicious; the other brown,
large and gentle. Intermixture in some dis-
tricts has nearly effaced these distinctions,
but in others they are as real as the band of
the yellow bee. Now, why is it that in all
later references to the black this well-known
difference of type is ignored? As well group
all the yellow races as one, and judge them
by t^ie Cyprian.

In these discussions is not the word
"strain" often misused* Would not type,
or, better still, race, be more to the point?
You may condemn a bee whose ancestors
ages ago swarmed in the Black Forest, while
Mr. Macdonald may commend a bee whose
ancestors never crossed the Channel. There
may be a British bee. If Nature, through
ages of isolation, has produced races
on the Continent, why not in the British
Isles? Certainly, their geographical situation
and climatic conditions should seem fully as
favorable as the corresponding conditions in
Carniola. Personally, I use the Italian, but
think that careful breeding might eventually
put the brown bee in the lead.

Clifton City, Mo. E. W. Diefendorf.

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion Photograph was taken Dec. 6, 1906.
which was very good indeed. Price, post-
paid, in mailing tube, 60 cents. Send orders
to the oflice of the American Bee .Journal,
and we will see that the pictures are mailed.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Famons
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April, May
and .June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldeiis— equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Pkices:

Tested Queens .i^l.OO each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted " 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5..=)0 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

How to Make Moneu Easy

Kestock yourupiaries with .\lchley i,|ueen8;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leadine
races in their purity. Untested. i\ each ; t'<*
per doz. ; .«(«) per IdO. Tested, *1..")0 to 42.50
each; lireeders. KJ to $5 each. 1, 2, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Gel our prices before you buy. We
manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. VVill e.vchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey, lictswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Honey Co.
Will Atculet, .VIgr.
llAtf Box 218, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

FENCE

.11 tik'lit Snhl to tli.'ust-r ut Wholr»aIe
I'rlr... Ho I'nj Fri-lKhl. (.at liOgnit.- free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box .s9 Winchester, Indiana.

STRONGEST
MADE. t'.Nii.

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good [Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

g^^ Send for list ot Slightly Uam-
aged Ooods to »>elect trom at Reduced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co. Not mo

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

mention Bee Joomal when vrrltlng.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr. Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

(Thispicture is exactly one-haJf the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hlve-Toolis made of high-Erade malleable iron, mncti like wroURht iron,
PM IncbesluDK. 'Tbe middle part is 1 1-16 inches wide and 7-3:; thick. The smaller end is 1 j.* mehes long, ^
inch wide, and 7-32 ihirk. ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, havmg a sharp semi-
circular edge, making It almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It :

(1903) of Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
e-tools I have tried. Hike best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 1907, h3

In the first edition i
says- " Of all the hive-t
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's acsistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool: "It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
$100; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool— both
for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Mar 21, 1907

American ISee Journal

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO, ILL.

SAVE YOUR
QUEENLESS COLONIES

Introduce a vigorous Tested Queen ; we can
furnish them by return mail, from our fine
strain of 3-band Italians; Queens reared last
fall, and wintered in 4frame nuclei. None
better.

Choice Tested Queens, by return mail, $1
each. Untested Queens ready to mail March
15, 75c; IS per doz. No disease, and satisfac-
tion guaranteed

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

12A4t Loreauville, Iberia Co., Louisiana.

46 Percent

EQUIVALENT

Not a Fish Story but a FACT.

Annual cash dividend to bee-keepers

on Supplies bought during

March

New Qoods, Best Quality. To-morrow
will be too late. Write TO-DAY.

PUTNAM & PEflKE, RiverFalls.Wis.

12Atf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested,?!;
Tested, SI. 25. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING GO.

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop., Berclalr. Texas.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Jonmal.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Texas. — The Northern Texas Bee-Keepers'

Association will hold its annual meeting at
Ladonia, Tex., on April 3 and 4, 1907. All
bee-keepers are invited to attend. No hotel
bills to pay. W. H. Weitb, Sec.
Blossom, Tex.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its next annual
convention at East Jordan, Mich., on April
10 and II, 1907. Headquarters will be at the
Russell House, where a $1.00 per day rate has
been secured. Iba D. Bartlett, Sec.

East Jordan, Mich.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its spring convention in the
Mayor's office in the City and County Build-
ing, April 5, at 10 a.m. A revision of the bee-
protection law, reports on the smelter settle-
ment, and other questions of interest will be
taken up. All are cordially invited.

E. a. LovEST, Pres. A. Fawson, Sec.

CarDiolans! ItaliaDs!

FOR SALE

No disease. 3-comb Nucleus, with Queen,
f3, f.o.b. express oflice here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bi^r-Miipplit^w and Berrv-Koxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
logetber. send me list of goods wanted. :inrt iet me

Suote you prices, I give tbe regular discounts,
eeswax wanted. Send for I'atalog.
6Etf W. J. McCARTV, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

While the Present Stock of these BEE=HIVE CLOCKS

them at only $2.00 ea.C]l, by express ; or $2.50 for the Clock
American Bee Journal one year. "

lasts, we will sell
ss ; or ?>4.:5U lor tue v_.iock and the Weekly
Better order at once, before all are gone.

The Bee-Hive Clock

With the

A $4.00 CLOCK FOR $2.50
American Bee Journal ioth^foT Only $3.00

We have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzed-metal Clock, called
"The Bee-Hive Clock." It is 10^^ inches
'wide at the base, 9y^ inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand firmly on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
worlj, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-keeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like " The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from ?4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at $2.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year— both for only 63.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to set "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the

Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at $1.00 each, and we will send you this beau-
tiful " Bee-Hive Clock " FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 New Sub"
scribers Cat $1.00 each) and 50 cents— $4.50
in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers (at $1.00
each) and $1.00— $4.00 in all. Or. 3 New
Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and $1.50—
$3.50 in all.

^i^M^^-,

Only $2..50. f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
Bee Hive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine " belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, " The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was conceived in the brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was not thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
aud the hours " told off " in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the flying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced by the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselfishly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of the old-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the old-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
will use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Miller.

Address all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dcarbom St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ee Journal

am raiido every yeiir i n the book husiness.
Kviry fttniily, rich or unor. must hiive
hooks. DurinK the Itist few >enr8, $7. .^00.-
OIJii 110 hiivo been exiicmletl for Modern
Eloqnciu-e. .SrJJ««),ilX).()ll for 8to*biiir<l'B
Lt'cHirrH. S"Jl.<"N'.i'*'<i-iHi for the Century
J Dictinniirv, nnil t lu- treiiicndous eum of
$41.(XIU.UU(l.(K;t. eoveririK over hftlf a million
Bets of the Fr,cycRip£p(liH Kritminica.
Thi'He books were sold by subscription in
American bomea and bales are etill
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sella more rettdiiy than any of the
nbove. The demiind is it I ready so tre-
mendous that more capital is required to
ewin^J it, or set bfhinci tni orders. Profits
ar*- enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
l.Hisiuess. based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Kcmemlier.thp suiceesof this puldi-
Cfition is not iiwjiy off in the future— it is
not prowpei-tive, but it is a success at the
pres^cnt time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales or this imblication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small meuus to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is as
solid as the Rock of tiibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number oi our presses and sncure
stock to he turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth PubUshing House

which is already in successful operation,
already enruing big dividends.and which
18 led to sell a Hmiill amount of its stock
simply because the business is alreody so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capitiil. But if you would grasp this op-
portunity you must

j\ Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In

\Vj Address your letter to me personally,
^ Jiko this—

W. B. Gilbert
Dept. G 28 Jackson Blvd., Chicafo

Bee-Bives ! BeeHives ! Bee-Hives !

Three Cnr-Iioa<lH .liiM Itcoelved. Aek us about
them. Prices right.

A. ti. Woodman— Remna, Mich., Feb. 18. 1907.

The LEWIS HIVE liOUICS are far superior, both ia ma-
terial and workmanship, to any I ever bought.

As ever jours, E. D. Townsend.

Advanced Bee«Vell ; cord arraogement; absolutely
bee-proof; best on earth. Made of Imported French-Tulle
veiling. Cotton with sill< face, .50 cents, postpaid.

Platteville, Wis., April 14, noa.
A. G. Wooi>MAN Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.

Deak SiKs: — Vour Advanced Bee- Veil just arrived, and
is, as advertised, the best on the market. Find enclosure for
lu more veils. N. E. Fkancb.

BEESWAX WANTED

A. G. WOODMAN CO.. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Bfcntlon Bee Joarnal vrhen Trrltlns*

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnlfe
Gold Fountain Pen

All

for

$3.00

Worker

Queen

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knile? — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in ease of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Kniie. — We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee .Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
Drone '^^^ Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. z^ gije

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the

weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

I^° Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c; regular yearlv price, $1.00. Address all orders to ^

GEORGE W. YORK S CO., 334 Dearborn St., CIiica$o,lil.

Please Mention Ihe American Bee Journal AdvSrusm^

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ac JournaJi

Thousands of Dollars have been thrown away which can now

be saved by using the

HERSHISER WAX-PRESS^

Manufacture d Exclusively by

Q. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.

•• NOT IN ANY TRUST."

We are offering to our customers this year for the first time the Hershiser Wax-Press, a cut of which is herewith
given. It has just been invented, and consequently has never before been offered for sale.

The Hershiser Wax-Press is not only the best wax-press ever put on the market, but it is an almost perfect device

for extracting wax. We Will guarantee it will extract within 1 percent of all the wax contained in the slum-
gum placed in it, if properly operated. AU the other wax-presses now in common use will necessarily leave in the
slumgum a large amount of wax, the quantity varying from 8 to 25 percent ; in other words, the Hershiser Press is able to
get about 7 percent of wax out of slumgum after the very best of all other wax-extractors has obtained the greatest possi-
ble amount of wax from it.

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Price and full information given in the Hershiser Folder, sent free by

Q. B. LEWIS COMPANY

The original bee-ware

people, Watertown, Wis., or its distributing houses
as given below :

ENGLAND— E H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., HaTana. 19 Oficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., Manzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Cbas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,
Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Cooperative Ass'n, Fallbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis llanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg-.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.
MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman Co.,Grand Rapids

Min

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co.,

neapolis,432 Lumber Exchange.
MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.
OHIO — Norris & Anspach, Kenton.
OREGON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.
PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEX AS-Soulhweslern Bee Co., San Antonio,

43S W. Houston St.
UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.Lilly Company,
Seattle.

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

— m —

American Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been enKaf;ed. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom thor(^ are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year, One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.J

4- Sccstpax-f

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is iu evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stock laid in during the autnmn by
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings 15@16c,and for that which is off in color
and flaTor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white clover
or bass wood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from 6@"^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Mar. 11.— The comb honey
market has been quite active in the last two
weeks, and the continual cold weather has kept
things moving. Many cheap lots have been
sent in from the producers, which have had a
tendency to bear on the market and weaken the
prices somewhat. Fancy white comb honey,
15@l6c; No. 1, 14@15c; amber. 12®14c. Fancy
white extracted honey., "(fflSc; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15@16c tor fancy white; IVAUc for No. 1;
I2c for light amber. There Is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be dis-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10®12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sno-
ply to meet demand. California white sage Is
bringing from 8@8!^c; light amber, 7iic; am-
ber, 6>i@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6!^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from SSfaVOcper gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRETH & SkQELKEN.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have

Headquarters for Bee-Supplics

Complete stock tor 1907 now on lisinil

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice
You will Satisfaction GuarantceJ.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME. ZTt'^Zlf."""'-

A Special Discouiit on Early Orders.

QUEENS S

Let me

book

Order for

I>Ai^S, iinU CAlC'ASIAi^iS.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiarie?,
the4jiOI.I»l-:.>i VKI.-

C.H. W.WEBER -^".rr

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, f3; and good No. 2, t2,80. White
extracted, 8@8Hc per pound; light amber,
7?i@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 2"@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Proddcers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Mar. 11— There is very little de-
mand for extracted honey at this writing,
which is only natural, owing to the unsettled
weather at this time of the year. However, we
are looking forward with interest to a revival
of trade, as soon as the warm spring days are
here. We quote amber extracted honey in bar-
rels at fj^@7J<c, the price depending upon the
quantity purchased. Fancy table honey in
crates of two 60-lb. cans each, at 8'a9c. There
is little demand for comb honey owing to the
lateness of the season. Choice yellow beeswax,
32@35c, delivered here.

Thb Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 25. — comb honey la not
plenHful, bnt demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; am.ber,
niaiSc. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming iu much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings In a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, ISc.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7}ic; cans the same. Beeswax, 26(g)28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, March 6.— The market on comb
honey has been quite brisk the past week. En-
tirely sold out of fancy white. No. 2 is selling
for 12K@13c. White clover extracted in cans,
9c; amber in barrels, 6c. Beeswax, 30c, deliv-
ered here. C. H. vf. Weber.

Kansas City, Mar. 4— The demand for comb
honey is only lair at present. The market is
almost entirely bare of extracted honey. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24sec. cases, $3.10 to
f3.25: No. 2, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted honey,
white, per pound, 8@10c! amber, 8c. Beeswax,
per pound, 2S®27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
13ook your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

FACTORY PRICES

BBE-SUPPLIBS In Cincinnati.

Let us give you quotations on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc. We will save you
money.

Beeswax wanted at 31c per pound cash ; 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our free
catalog.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
7Atf 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati. Ohio.

iFHa INCUBATORS
ICIffl AND

Gbm AND BROODERS
Timo tf?tcd (II..1 pr..TeDauceeB8: (bousac.lt i:
use;flc>l.l direct to Tou at wbole»le prices- Y l
— g«t the maker's ^&raiite«ftiid iftve tbe mi.i.lle

•s proatB. The Rimovable Cfiitk Tr.i^
'id iVurrertj — I, fsstiire no otker b&s — expl&ised ii
S/rtc Write for it today.

Gem Incubator Co., Boi 52, Trotwood, 0.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consalt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicaqo. III.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

834 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

BEE # POUI.TRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smolsers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for i-iili<--r, with instructions to beginners — Free.

2,,Atf C. M. SCOTI CO. 1005 E.Wash. St., IndianapoHs, lud.

252

Mar. 21, 1907

American ^ae Journal

DADAWT'S FOUNDATION I

.^IT EXCELSi^ I

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. WHY ? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BESF

COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.
Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.

Agents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

..'til. .>V-

rkTTEDMC Bv uniting swarms mjiTr-'i ci
yUEUnS froni 1000 colonies rXUC-LCl
I will sell Queens and Nuclei, after March 1, at
— 1 Queen, 25c: doz.,$3; Nuclei, with Queen, 1-
frame, $1.25; 2-frame, $1.50: 3-f rame, «1 75

4A13t R. M. SPfcNCER, Nordholf. Calif.
Sfentlon Bee Jonmal when mrltbiK.

<< It Is contlauous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a flrin."

Our Discounts on

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTMINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We inake the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

We make them. Have you seen them ?

Have you received our new 1907 Catalog ? It is surely the easiest
Catalog to order from that you ever saw. It is so easy that you cannot
make a mistake in your orders — a child can order from it as well as an
adult. Write for it to-day ; it is free for the asking. It is something
new and entirely different from any you have ever seen.

KRETGtiMER MFG. CO., Gouncll Bluns, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatiae, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 8. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs Issued in English or German.

OC^

^ We will Buy and
Sell

i&t

m

.HONEY

!&lt of the different grades and kinds,
^n It you have any to dispose of, or if
^W you intend to buy, correspond
^^ with us.

^1 We are always in the market

^ for

I Beeswax

^S at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlBB.

" Xlie continuous advertiser
gets tlie bulk of the burliness,
because others are not adver-
tisings, and he Is."

iif*

47th Year

MAU>CH 28, 1907

Number 13

TWENTY PAGE NUMBER

254

Mar. 28, 1907

American ^ee Journal

pitblis:jed weeklt et

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

TffF SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal U
l\.iv a year, in the United Stales. Canada, and
ileiico; all otlier countries in the Postal Union. oO
cec ts 11 year extra lor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WBAPPERLABEIj DATE indicates the
eni uf the month lu which your subscription ispa'.o.
Kor inetance. "decuT' on your lahel shows that it is
paid to the end of December. 1S31-7.

SUBSCRIPTION KECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt fur nmueyseiit us !.■ pay subscription but
chant-e the date on your wrapper-iabel. which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Time Discounts

4 times.

. . 5 per cent

13 " ..

..10 "

25 " ..

. . 20 "

52 " ..

..30 "

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... Sbercent

500 "" ...10
ICOO " ...20 "
2C00 " ...30 "

These rates are s abject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

ipt,— To promote the interests of its members.

od.— To protect anJ deiend its members in their
tawtul riehta. ^ ^ ,. . «

:*d.— Toenfor>e laws against the adulteration or
boney. _ _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Mananer and Treasurer-

N. E. Kkance, Platteville, Wi3.

f^" If more convenient. Dues may be sent to thfl
ublishers ol ibe AmeriCMn Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

'^■^■- - fitiO CHCER THIS tONELY MEAflT?

I WOULD Hua rOJ ALL THETinE^

And we would fjfi/Eft part

I 60» — n A*C

As most of our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cats herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
lime to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
or silver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
Journal one year at ■*!. 00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about '2s.'2}{
inches in size tor writing. Send all orders to

aEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Stree CHICAGO, ILL.

P Now is tlie Time lo Order Your

^i.

BEE-SUPPLIES

■i^

AND S4VE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a poetal-card to get our delivered
prices on i»ovel!iiIe«l Hive-i, Nections. Seflion Holders,
Sepiiraiors. Broo«I-I'raiiies. l-'oiindalion, Sniolters, Ex-
Iracloi-s, Sliii»pins-*.'as» s, elo. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Beet Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We M.\NUFACTUKE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, ind can
ship' promptly.

Mlnnema Bee-Keeoers' Suoply 60.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

Diumer's GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otcer makes?

Because the bees like c best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands On its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

If You Want to Keep Posted

UPON THE

GREATEST i POLITICAL i QUESTION

OF THE DAY, YOU MUST READ

TJie Defender

the National Exponent of thcPROHiBiTioN
Movement. 16 pages, weekly; illustrated.
To New Subscribers, 50 cents for one year.

WILLIAM P. F. FERGUSON

Editor aod Publisher

400 West 23kd Stk3et, NEW YORK, N. Y.

3SAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is a very pretty thing
for a bee-l£eeper or honey-
seller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
Bale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction ol a motto queen-buttoo
that we are furnishing to bee-keepers. It has
a pin on the tmderside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents ; two lor 10c ; or six lor 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 button*
lor $1.10. Address all orders to

QEOROe W. YORK & CO.
3Si Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

Marshfield Goods

When you buy those goods you can be assured of good, honest goods.

We make nothing but PERFECT SUPPLIES. Sections made of

young basswood timber. Hives and Shipping-Cases are Beauties.

If you have not received our Catalog of Supplies, please write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfleld, Wis.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal Ad??tTiS^

Mar. 28, 1907

American^ec ^onrnal^^^

Get Ready for the Rush

Oueeas for May and June Delivery

Untested, a for *1 ; Warranted Uiitesteil, :; for $2; Tested, 4 fjir $;i.
•2-framB Nucleus with Tested Queen for .Inne delivery, *;i, f.o.b. Milo
LiRht or dark Italians at choice. No discaHi- Safe arrival and absolute
satisfaction (ruaruntced. I will send 1 ounce .if Catnip Seed free to each
of the lirst 25 orderinjc Queens to the amount of ?3 00 or ove-

Route 1. Box 19. CHAS. M. UARROW, Milo, Mo.
t^'" Keferenco— First National Bank, Nevada, Mo. i:i\4t

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good [Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

^W Send lor lis^t ot Slig:htly Uam-
ag^ed Ooods to select from at Reduced
JPrlces. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co.

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO ILL

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
otrnctible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?ulckly at less than half the cost of buying
torn the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

■•SAtf KNOXVILI,E, TENN.

Mention Bee Jonmal when writing.

Pnr Q^1(^ **'*' Acre Farm and lOO
1 VI oaiC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good S-room house— on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. FITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal when nrltlnc

I Send for fHe I
Catalogae.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. LoweBt
priced flrfit-class hatchers made.
eEO. H. 8TAHL, <)iiliicy, IlL

####^^

##########^HHf#^NI##

"If Goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder'

BEE- SUPPLIES

Root's Goods at Root's Prices

Everything used by Bee-Keepers. Prompt Service
Low Freight Rates. .•. .-. .-. Catalog Free

New Metal-Spaced Frames. Headquarters for the Danzenbaker Hive, the com-
:"fA'c7s ?B0^U°nte.^T/s1naiL7r'er'^'^ '° '"^ •"''« "^-^ for-pampTt

BEESV\^AX W^AMTED

froH^ ''m ,^'^'"'^', "^^^^^^ P"ce for beeswax, delivered here, at any time, cash or
trade Make small shipments by express; large shipments b^ freight, a^ays bein^

sSS Z gCtUe^n^S h\'^Vou''^ "'"''''■ ""' '"^^ "'"""'^'^ ^''*^°^ - '- ^

mt 51» 515

WALTER S. POUDER

SlassacbusettM Ave.,

iiv»iA.>APoi.is, ir«i».

TEXAS QUEENS

The F'amous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The i'"anions
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April. May
and .June delivery, for CarniolanH, Ital-
ians, and (ioldenH— equil to the best, re-
gardless of price. Pricks :
Tested Queens . . . .$1.00 each ; JIO.OO per doz.

Warranted " 75 " 7 (X) "

Untested " 50 " .v'.io "

6Atf aRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; 8ix,f5.00. Tested, Sl.SOnp.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCain.

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Mention Be« Jonmal whca wrltlas.

QUEENS FOK YOU '

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band

Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, .«! •

Tested, -SI. 2.5. Prices on large quantities oron

Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.

JOHN W, PHARR, Prop., Berclair, Texas,

12Atf Please mention the Bee Jo«rBil.

Carniolans ! Italians !

FOR SALE

No disease. 2-comb Nucleus, with Queen,
$3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrltlnx.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We offer for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at .?2.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at ?3.25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at .53.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped about May 10, by express
(charges not prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILLfr

SAVE YOUR
QUEENLE5S COLONIES

Introduce a vigorous Tested Queen ; we can
furnish them by return mail, from our fine
strain of 3-band Italians; Queens reared last
fall, and wintered in 4-frame nuclei. None
better.

Choice Tested Queens, by return mail, $1
each. Untested Queens ready to mail March
15, 75c ; $8 per doz. No disease, and satisfac-
tion guaranteed.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

12A4t Loreauville, Iberia Co., Louisiana.

STRONGEST
MADE, uuii-

entlcht Sold to the u.ser at' Whole.'.le

Prices. We P«j Frelifal. Catfllogue free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,

Box 89 Winchester, Indiana.

Mar. 28, 1907

American 15ee 'Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKERHIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

K_

w ■ -f

- ■■ "i;

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4eva

dL.

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/r

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent tor Catalog.

Alabama,

•Wetumpka J. M, Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association
Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fruita i^'ruit and Produce Ass'n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Oeorgia

Savaniiah ..Howkius & Rnsh

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

C2iicago The A. L Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

BvansTlUe Vickery Bros.

Iowa

Des Moines J osepb Ny sewander

Kansas
Angnsta Carl F. Buck

IMisslssippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massacbusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

maine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co .

]MaryIand

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micbigfan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

9Iinnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
iVIissonri

High Hill ... . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hank

I%eiv Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

!^e-w Iforlt

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Oblo

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* tnnsylTanla

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Wllliamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

• These deaiers buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at tbo Post-Offlce at Cblcago as Second-Class Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W.York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., MARCH 28, 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 13

editorial Ji^ie*
md Comment^s

Bottom-starters in Sections

Some discussiOQ has lately taken place in
other bee-papers with regard to the neces-
sity for bottom-starters in sections, the dis-
cussion being started by the statement of Fred
W. Muth, that the use of bottom-starters was
one of the factors in securing lower freight-
rates. Editor Hutchinson held them unneces-
sary. Editor Root thought only experts
could manage without them, but accepted the
following amended statement which was
given in a Stray Straw :

"Any one can get along without bottom-
starters by crowding the bees enough; but it
is more profitable to use bottom-starters than
to crowd them so. Without bottom-starters,
fastening to the bottom is about the last work
done on a section, and with room enough it
may not be fastened at all ; with bottom-
starters it is about the first thing, room or no
room."

Production of Bulk Comb Honey

When Texas bee-keepers first began to talk
about cutting up sheets of comb honey, pack-
ing in cans and filling up with extracted
honey, it was considered a fair subject for
quiet amusement. That consumers should
show any strong desire for such messy stuff
was not to be seriously considered. Yet the
production of bulk comb honey has not passed
away as a 6-months' fad, and to-day it seems
to be a pretty well settled belief that it is the
most profitable form in which to produce
honey — at least in Texas.

Upon hearing the enthusiastic praises of
bulk comb honey sung by its advocates, it is
inevitable that the question will arise in the
minds of others, "Will it not be a profitable
thing for me to adopt this form of honey-
productionl" A number of different factors
enter into the problem.

We are told that one-third of a can of bulk
honey is extracted, and that the price ob-
tained for the combination is 3 or 4 cents
more than the price of extracted honey.
That gives a basis on which to figure, and it
will not take much figuring to show that
much depends upon the relative prices of
comb and extracted honey as to whether it is
more profitable to sell them together or sep-
arate. Take the Chicago market, with 16
cents for best comb and 8 for best extracted.
If 2 pounds of comb and 1 of extracted be
sold together as bulk honey at S}4 cents more
than the price of extracted, that will make 3
pounds sold at 11'^ cents a pound, or Sij.^
cents in all. If sold separately, the 2 pounds
of comb honey would bring 32 cents, and the

1 pound of extracted S cents,or 40 cents in all.
On the face of it, the man who depends upon
the Chicago market would lose 5' j' cents on 3
pounds of bulk honey, or nearly 2 cents a
pound.

The printed report for any other market
will likewise show a loss, the most favorable
case being that of Cincinnati, with comb at
14)^ and extracted at 8J-^. Sold separately,

2 pounds of comb and 1 of extracted will
bring 371., cents; sold as bulk at 12 cents a
pound, it will bring 36 cents ; still a loss, but
only ,1.2 cent a pound.

But suppose comb is 10 cents and extracted
5. Sold separately, 3 pounds of comb and 1
of extracted will bring 25 cents. Sold as bulk
at 8}., cents, it would bring 2oJ.< cents — a gain
of 1-6 cent a pound.

In general it will he found that the smaller
the margin between the price of comb honey
and the price of extracted, the greater the
chance for gain by selling as bulk.

If comb honey be produced in frames and
cut out, the cost of sections and separators

will be saved— an important item. Bees will
probably produce more honey in large sheets
than in small sections; just what percent
more has probably not been determined.

The readiness to accept bulk honey on the
part of consumers is another item. In Texas,
the popularity of that kind of honey is said
to be so great that the supply is not up to the
demand. In some localities it might not bo
easy to dispose of bulk honey at any advance
over extracted.

All this is said with no thought that it gives
a direct answer to the question whether it be
profitable to enter the lists as a producer of
bulk comb honey ; it only gives a hint as to
some of the things to be considered by any
one who seriously enters upon its considera-
tion.

^

Migratory Bee-Keeping

In Germany this is practised to a large ex-
tent as compared with this country, bees be-
ing hauled to the buckwheat fields or the
heath fields, either by wagon or by steam cars,
and left in charge of a keeper. In England,
also, bees are taken to the moors. A writer io
the British Bee Journal says he pays 25 cents
per colony " for standage and looking after,"
which does not seem a very large amount.
There is a good deal in fashion, and possibly
it might be a profitable thing if more bee-
keepers in this country would get into the
fashion of moving their bees for a particular
flow.

^

electricity for Bee-Cellars

Electricity has been suggested, if not used,
for heating bee-cellars. Editor Root seems
quite pleased with results obtained by venti-
lating a cellar with a small electric desk-fan;
and now if we can have electric cars to take
the bees in and out, we will be well started
on the way toward electric bee-keeping.

Advertising Honey

H. B. Phillips, who says he is " the largest
bottler of pure high-grade honey in Maine,"
is doing some advertising of honey along the
line so of ten suggested in these columns. Here
is what he says about it in a form letter :

Bear Sirs .—With the idea of creating a
larger demand for comb and extracted honey

Mar. 28, 1907

American ^$e Journal

I have inserted an advertisement in the Port-
land Evening Express and Portland Sunday
Telegram, to be run quite a period of time.
The Feb. 23d number of the Evening Express,
also the March 3d number of the Sunday Tele-
gram will each contain an interesting article
^bout honey and its value as a food ; and pos-
sibly later on there may appear more of these
articles, which, together with my advertising,
should create a good demand for honey bear-
ing my label, which I guarantee to be straight
*ff»' honey of the best quality and flavor.

Vours. tor Pure Honey and a larger demand
for it, H. B. Phillips,

We think Mr. Phillips is following the
proper methods — advertising in the daily
newspapers, and also securing the publication
of articles about honey as food, etc. But this
ought to be done all over the country. And
if enough of it should be done before the
next crop of honey appears, no doubt the
demand will take the honey about as fast as
it comes on the market— if it isn't all rushed
to one market at one time.

Specify the Page, Please

Dr. Miller makes a special request that
when, in asking a question, the inquirer re-
fers to something in a preceding number of
this Journal, the page should always be given.
Otherwise it may take a long time to find the
matter referred to, if indeed it be found at
all; and oftentimes no clear answer can be
given if such reference be not found.

It would be for the pleasure of the readers
if this rule were always followed when any-
thing on a previous page is referred to,
whether any question be asked or not. Don't
speak indefinitely of something John Jones
eaid some time ago, but mention that it was
on such and such a page. It may take a lit-
tle hunting up sometimes on the part of the
writer, but it is better that one writer should
take the time of hunting up than to have all
the readers thus troubled.

Distinguishing Laying Workers

The idea that a single culprit is responsible
for all the mischief in a colony alllicted with
laying workers seems hard to be overcome,
and with it there is more or less tendency to
think that a laying worker is different in ap-
pearance from other workers. The following
from the British Bee Journal is an instance :

Can any one tell us how to distinguish
these? I have never had one in my hives be-
fore this year. But several times, although I
«xamined the combs, I could not spot it. I
judged by a number of eggs being seen in
each cell, and drone-brood reared in worker-
cells.

In a colony of laying workers, dissection
has shown that eggs were present in a large
number of the workers, and it is reasonable
to suppose that in general such is the case
Neither is a laying worker different in appear-
ance from any other worker. Probably the
only way judgment can be pronounced with
confidence is to see the worker in the act of
laying.

Amerikanische BieDenzucht,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all ordetf to this office.

flews -If ems

Mr. J. C. Calvert, of the A. I. Root Co.,
Medina, Ohio, called at our office last week
when in Chicago as a delegate to a conference
which had for its object the planning of a
union of three church denominations of this
country— the Congregational, Methodist Prot-
estant, and United Brethren. Mr. Calvert
represented the first-named.

Splendid Rains In California. — Prof.
A. J. Cook, of Claremont, Lo6 Angeles Co.,
Calif., March 14, wrote us as follows concern-
ing the rains and prospects in Southern Cali-
fornia:

In all my sojourn in Southern California,
now more than 13 years, I have never known
such splendid rains as we have had the past
season ; and the end is not yet. Our average
here is about 15 inches, and we have already
had 2S.33 inches this winter. .\s we have still
to have the best of our rains, we may be sure
that this will be a record-breaker, not only as
to rainfall, but in fruit, grain, and honey. It
looks now as if we should have one of the
best honey-years that we have had in the
State. A. J. Cook.

It the present prospects result as antici-
pated, the bee-keepers of California will be
greatly encouraged again. We are wishing
that this year there may be the largest and
best honey crop all over our great country,
that the oldest living bee-keeper has ever seen.
Now, what more than that can we hope for
for our readers?

Some Pleasant Memories will be sug-
gested to at least a few readers when looking
at the front-page pictures this week. As we
mentioned once before, we are indebted for
certain pictures to D. H. Coggshall, of New
York; J. J. Measer, of Kansas; and C. J.
Thies, of Wisconsin.

The present six reproductions may be de-
scribed as follows :

No. 1 shows bales of cotton ready for ship-
ment. It seemed as if there were almost
acres of such bales at different shipping
points along the way.

No. 2 represents a part of the famous
Alamo, and from left to right, C. J. Frank, of
Illinois; J. J. Measer and Dr. Bohrer, of
Kansas; and D. H. Coggshall— all " looking
pleasant" while they wait to have their
" picter tooken."

No. 3 is a tree with hanging gray moss.
This is a beautiful sight in reality, but the
picture doesn't do it justice. It is a very
pretty as well as common sight in the South.

No. 4 shows (from left to right) Geo. D.
Caley, of Nebraska, and again Mr. Measer
and Dr. Bohrer. This picture was taken in
one of San Antonio's beautiful city parks.

No. 5. — Mr. Coggshall standing by one of

the cotton-wagons, such as they use in the
cotton-fields when picking. A picker's bag is
hanging at one corner of the wagon.

No. 6 is the Santa Rosa Infirmary in San
Antonio, where Mr. Louis H. Scholl was sick
for quite a while last year. It is just opposite
Market Hall, where the National convention
was held last Nov. S to 10. There is a beau-
tiful grove in front of the Infirmary, which
is also shown in the picture.

The Missouri Bee-Keepers' Law, as

passed by the State Legislature and signed by
Gov. Folk, has been sent to us for publication
by Mr. Robt. A. Holekamp, who worked so
hard for its enactment. When sending the
copy, Mr. H. wrote as follows :

Dear Mr. York :— Enclosed find our Mis-
souri Bee-Keepers' Bill, which has been passed
by our Legislature, signed by the Governor,
and is now the law.

There is an emergency clause which brings
this law in force without requiring the usual
90 days after its approval. It will be well for
all bee-keepers of Missouri to become ac-
quainted with it.

I am glad that after so much work we have
finally succeeded in getting the needed pro-
tection, and hope that the Inspector may be
supported by all bee-keepers, so he may suc-
ceed in clearing our State of the diseases
among the honey-bees.

Robt. A. Holbkamp,
Sec. Missouri State Bee-Keepers^ Association.

The law referred to in the foregoing reads
thus:

AN ACT

To provide for the appointment of a State In-
spector of Apiaries, and to regulate the
duties thereof; providing a penalty for dis-
posing of, or importing into this State dis-
eased honey or bees, or for hindering the
Inspector in the fulfillment of his duties,
with an emergency clause.

Be it enacted liy the General Assembly of the
State of Missouri^ as follows :

Section 1.— The State Board of Agriculture
of the State of Missouri shall appoint a State
Inspector of Apiaries to aid and assist in the
development and protection of the honey in-
dustry in the State of Missouri, and for the
prevention and suppression of contagious or
infectious diseases among honey-bees, such as
foul brood, black brood, paralysis, etc., which
is said to exist at the present time among
some of the apiaries of the State. Said In-
spector of Apiaries shall be a practical api-
arist, and shall give to the said Board of Agri-
culture, before his appointment, satisfactory
evidence of his practical knowledge of hand-
ling bees and their diseases, and shall hold
his office for the term of 2 years, unless re-
moved for cause.

Sec. 2.— Said Inspector shall, when notified
of the existence of the disease known as foul
brood, or other infectious disease among api-
aries, examine such reported apiaries and all
others, in the same locality, and if satisfied of
the existence of foul brood, or any other in-
fectious disease, shall give to the owner or
person having charge of any such apiary, full

Mar. 28, 1907

American Hee Journal

'"-A»> _ j

instructions as to the manner of troatiiiK
them. Within a reasonable time after mak-
ing the Ursl examination, the Inspector Hhall
malio a second examination, and if the comli-
tlons of any of the colonies atleoted is sueli
as, in his juiiifment, renders it necessary, he
may personally treat the disease, or, if in his
opinion, it is necessary to prevent further
spread of the disease, and the owner refuses
to treat them according to the instructions of
said Inspector, then the Inspector may Ijurn
or otherwise destroy such diseased bees, comb
or other material that might cause the spread
of the infection.

Sec. 3.— Said Inspector shall have the right
to enter any premises where bees are Itept,
for the performance of his duties.

Sec. 4. — The Inspector shall make a full re-
port to the Secretary of the Board of Agricul-
ture at least once each year, stating the num-
ber of apiaries inspected, the number found
to be diseased, and the number treated, and
such other information as he may deem im-
portant. The Secretary of the Board of Agri-
culture shall publish, in his annual report, or
otherwise, such of the information as he
deems of importance to the apiarists of the
State.

Sec. 5. — Said Inspector shall receive four
dollars for each day actually and necessarily
spent in the performance of his duties, and
shall be reimbursed for the monej- expended
by him in defraying the necessary traveling
expenses: Provided, the total expenditure
for such purposes shall not exceed one thou-
sand dollars in any one year : Provided fur-
ther, that the said Inspector shall render to
the Board of Agriculture an itemized account
of his per diem and expenses, and upon ap-
proval of the same by the Executive Commit-
tee of the Board of Agriculture, the President
and Secretary of the Board are instructed to
draw a warrant upon any available funds for
the amounts allowed.

Sec. 6. — Any owner of a diseased apiary, or
any person, persons, company or corporation
who shall knowingly sell, barter, give away
or import into this State any colony or colo-
nies of bees, honey or other article infected
with disease, or expose other bees to the dan-
ger of contracting such disease, or refuse to
allow the Apiary Inspector to inspect or treat
such apiary, honey or other articles so in-
fected, or shall resist, impede or hinder him
in any way in the discharge of his duties,
under the provisions of this Act, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined
not less than ten nor more than twenty-five
dollars for each offense.

Sec. 7.— It being necessary to treat the dis-
eases herein provided for in the spring or
summer, in order that satisfactory results
may be obtained, creates an emergency with-
in the meaning of the Constitution, and this
Act shall go into force and effect upon its
passage and approval.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.*

The San Antonio ConTention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only $1.40. Send all orders to
he Bee Journal office.

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion Photograph was taken Dec. 6, 1906.
which was very good indeed. Price, post-
paid, in mailing tube, 60 cents. Send orders
to the office of the American Bee Journal,
and we will see that the pictures are mailed.

Testing the Purity of Queens

BY C. M. DOOLITTLE.

On pages 137-8 is an item on the
purity of Italian queens, under the above
heading, written by one signing him-
self "Subscriber" and having " New
York" at the bottom, by which I infer
that he is a resident of New York
State.' If only the older bee-keepers of
the world were living, I should not
feel called upon to say a word regard-
ing the matter touched upon by "Sub-
scriber," but being aware that two-
thirds of the readers of the American
Bee Journal have commenced their bee-
keeping life inside of the past 15 years,
it does not seem best to allow so erro-
eous an item as the following irom
"Subscriber's" pen to go unnoticed.
Hear what he says:

"What is a tested Italian queen? A
tested, or breeding queen should be a
bright yellow. Every drone must have
4 yellow hands, and you cannot discern
any varying in the color. The workers
must have 3 yellow bands, with light
gray on 2 bands. The under part of
the abdomen should be bright yellow
to the tip. Now let us test this queen.
If she is free from any black blood,
the drones from every young queen
reared from her eggs will have the same
number of bands as the mother-queen.
Every drone is marked alike. No per-
son can see any difference in the drones.
You must trace the pure blood from the
drone progeny. Where the drone prog-
eny varies in its markings it is a sure
sign of black blood."

Now, it will be noticed that "Sub-
scriber" starts out by asking "What is a
tested Italian queen?" which leads us
to infer that he is talking about Italian
bees. Therefore the first question that
comes to us is, What is an Italian bee?
This question can have only the one
answer; "A bee which descended from
parents reared in Italy, and from that
part called 'Liguria,' where they were
first found by Spinola, and named by
him as Apis Ligustica." (See page 293
of "Langstroth on the Honey-Bee," as
revised by Dadant.)

Now, do the bees which come from
Liguria, Italy, correspond with the de-
scription given by "Subscriber?" By
no means. In fact they are almost as
far from it as daylight is from darkness.
Queens imported direct from Italy vary
in color all the way from being nearly or
quite as dark as the German or black
queens, to those approaching some of
our best golden (jueens as to color ; while
the workers from many of these queens
are so dark th;it they have to be placed
upon a window after being filled with

honey, in order to discern that they
have any yellow (?) bands at all. Talk
about pure Italian worker-bees having
the under part of the abdomen "bright
yellow to the tip!" As far as I could
ever see there was no difference as to
the color on the underside of the ab-
domen of workers from an imported
Italian queen, from that on the under-
side of the abdomen of workers from a
black queen. The color on the under-
side of both varies but little from a very
dark brown.

But I do note that when we are to
decide as to the purity of the Italian
bees we have, the drones are to be
what we are to look at as to their
markings. "Subscriber" says : "Every
drone must have four yellow bands, and
you cannot discern anv varying in color.

Every drone is marked

alike. No person can see any differ-
ence in the drones. You must trace the
pure blood from the drone progeny, not
the worker progeny. Where the drone
progeny varies in its markings it is
a sure sign of black blood." This cer-
tainly is a 7iezv test for Italian purity
to us older readers who date back to
where the first Italian bees came to this
country. The drones from those orig-
inal importations were so nearly like
the drones from a black queen that it
was often like a "Chinese puzzle" to
tell "which from t'other." Talk about
drones from an imported queen having
four yellow bands! Not a drone had
four bands of any kind on them. The
best show only a leather or chestnut
color in spots or splashes, varying as
much as to their markings as did the
sheep that Jacob was to have from his
father-in-law, Laban, in old Bible times.

Paragraph 555 in "Dadant's Revised
Langstroth" reads thus, where speaking
about Italian bees: "The drones and
the queens are very irregular in mark-
ings, some being of a very bright yel-
low color, others almost as dark as
drones or queens of common bees."
And this should be the best of authority,
as the Dadant s have probably import-
ed more Italian queens into this country
than any others.

Another large importer is the A. I.
Root Company. Listen to what they
say regarding this matter: "The drones
and queens from queens obtained direct
from Italy, vary greatly in their mark-
ings." (-A B C of Bee Culture,"
page 222.)

And I might go on and give authority
after authority, which perfectly agrees
with both Dadant and Root in this mat-
ter.

No! No! There is no such thing
as perfect markings with pure Italian
drones or queens as they come direct

260

Mar. 28, 1907

American ^ae Journal

from Italy.. And the bees that come
from Italy are the only origin for pure
Italian bees. Consequently "Subscriber"
must be mistaken in what he gave us
in the American Bee Journal as to
"what is a tested Italian queen." And
it was necessary that a few words be
said on this matter, else all beginners
who read "Subscriber's" account of what
a pure Italian queen should produce,
would be disappointed in the queens
they bought, and condemn queen-breed-
ers as frauds for sending out impure
stock.

Of course it is understood by the
older readers that our American queen-
breeders, or some of them at least, have
been breeding toward the yellow side
of importations, until we have in this
country at this date, what are known
as "golden Italians," some of which
will conform pretty well to the descrip-
tion given by "Subscriber," but these
bees are no more pure, if as much so,
as are those that are a dark leather
color, adhering more perfectly in breed-
ing to conform with such bees as are
gotten from our many importations.

Now, I wish to call attention to "Sub-
scriber's" statement that "Where the
drone progeny varies in its markings
it is a sure sign of black blood." Hert
he is mistaken as elsewhere, for let
the best golden queen mate with a drone
from an imported or pure Italian queen,
and her young queens will give drones
varying almost, if not quite as much
in color, as would be if said queen had
mated with a black drone. I have
little doubt but what the queen-breeder
from whom he obtained his queens was
so near some other apiary having im-
ported or leather-colored stock in it,
that part of the queens he received mat-
ed with those imported drones froni
the leather-colored branch of the Italian
bee. And if this were so, then he could
have no reason to talk about "mongrels,"
for each branch of these Italian bees is
as pure as the other.

This color-matter has mystified and
bewitched many, and a little explana-
tion of it will help breeders and cus-
tomers to have a little more charity
for each other.
Borodino, N. Y.

No. 2— Feeding and Feeders
Various Kinds

BY C. P. DADANT.

We will divide bee-feeders into four
classes : Outside feeders, bottom feed-
ers, body feeders, and top feeders.

The most elementary way of feeding
bees is to put the feed outside — any-
where— and attract the bees to it. Some
hold that this is the best and only meth-
od to feed bees as a stimulant to breed-
ing, because it is the only feeding that
resembles a honey crop, and in which
they must take wing in search of the
food. Troughs put out in the sun, jars
inverted over- a dish and filled with
liquid food, and also combs of honey
have been fed in this way. Years ago
a European clergyman, the Rev. Father
Babaz, devised an outdoor feeder which
he called "the bee-keeper's cellar" be-

cause he locates it in the doorway of
a cellar, and which he proposed to use
to supplv the bees with different sorts
of food 'from which they were to pro-
duce honej'. Such cranks have been
met with, from time to time, who
thought that bees could transform any
sort of sweet into good honey, and who
thus imagined that they had found an
infallible method of getting rich. But
they soon find out that there is no royal
road to wealth, even by feeding bees.

I think that the only advantage of
the method of outdoor feeding is the
one stated above, that it resembles «
honey crop more than any method of
indoor feeding, as far as the bee's imagi-
nation may be concerned, and perhaps
leads It to'more activity. But there are
several very evident drawbacks, not
the least of which is the probability
that when you are feeding your bees
in this way, you run a very great chance
of also feeding any bees that may have
their home in the neighborhood, some-
times even as far as a mile or two
from your apiary.

Of course, you can bait your own bees,
by presenting the food to a few bees
and while they are sipping it carry them
to the spot where the food is kept. In
this way, you may give such colonies
as you wish to feed the advantage over
the others. But, when there is any
feeding going on out-of-doors, the bees
make more or less noise in carrying
it back and forth, the other bees which
notice it begin to roam about and never
stop their search until they have found
the spot, to which they are easily led
bv the flight of the others. Not only is
it possible that you may feed 3'our neigh-
bor's bees in this way — fully as much,
and to the detriment of your own bees
— but you will also feed unwillingly
some of your own colonies that may
not need it at all.

As a rule, the colonies which are most
in the need of food are the weak ones.
In outdoor feeding you will surely feed
the strongest as well as the weakest,
because the strong colonies have bees
out early and late, and in greater num-
bers than the weak. If the feeding spot
is not of great extent, it is quite possible
that one or two of your best colonies
will go there in such numbers that they
will monopolize the feeder, by driving
the other bees almost entirely away, oi
at least may make it difficult for the
latter to get'their share by fighting them
when they alight on tlie feeder. In
any case, it is out of the question fo»
you to control the feeding. Still, this
method may be pursued on a small scale
without bad results.

In the month of August, 1885, I paid
Mr. Langstroth a visit, and had the
pleasure of witnessing the feeding, out-
of-doors, of 3 or 4 weak colonies which
he desired to stimulate to breeding. He
had the feed— only 2 or 3 spoonfuls of
sugar syrup — in saucers with a few
blades of grass over the top. so the
bees would not drown in the liquid.
The feeding was done about sunset,
when the other colonies were quiet.
Each of these weak colonies had been
fed for some days previous, at the same
hour, and they were expecting it. for
several bees were flying about in the
grass, in front of the hives. As soon as

the food arrived, they went to work on
it, and Mr. Langstroth, the next morn-
ing called my attention to the fact that
those colonies were entirely quiet. They
knew the hour of feeding, and expected
the supply each day at the same hour
and in the same spot.

When bees are short of pollen, in
early spring, they may be given flour-
either rye or wheat — in this way, and
they will come from day to day until
pollen is found in the blossoms. There
is no objection whatever to feeding the
flour out-of-doors. In fact, we have
never been able to have it accepted by
the bees in any other way, and the sup-
ply of flour thus furnished is so inex-
pensive that we need not begrudge our
neighbor's bees a portion of it.

There is no doubt that feeding, when
continued too regularly, will render less
service than if intermittent, because the
bees— some of them, at least— will be-
come used to it. and will not even look
elsewhere for food. It is the same in
the case of flour as a substitute for pol-
len. Yon will see bees still coming to
the flour, when the greater number have
deserted it and are finding pollen in the
blossoms, but the number of the flour-
gatherers decreases every day, and
whether you feed flour or honey, the
interruption of a single day in the feed-
ing will send the laziest ones to the
fields. It can hardly be called laziness,
but they get into a habit from which
you must break them after having
nursed it. when you find that they no
longer need the help.
Hamilton. III.

No. l-Things to Do, and Why

Management in Spring -riipping—
Bur-Combs -Stores, Etc.

BY R. C. AIKIN.

We are prone to think our way is
the best and the only right one. Some
incline to the opinion that the hive
is the thing that will give results, with
management secondary. Others lay
much stress on the strain or race of
bees, age of queen, locality, and many
other things. , ■ j

Yes, I have hobbies, too— hives and
methods pecifliar to myself; but it is
not my intention to tell you that my
way is" the only one. or the right way;
my purpose is to tell of things to do,
and the whv of doing; tell you of prm-
ciples. relation of factors, combinations
that will produce results. I cannot tell
you that March is the time to do this
or that; latitude, altitude, temperature
as affected by moisture and in its high
or low degrees and rapid or slow
changes; the time of year, whether the
flow be slow or fast or intermittent,
etc., and a great host of things that
cause the problem to change— I must
deal with the subject in such a way as
to lead the reader to a knowledge of
factors and their relation, then he must
use reason and judgment, and do this
or that when the doing of it will pro-
duce the result desired.

I remember reading years ago a lit-
tle rhyme or verse — its wording has

Mar. 28, 1907

American liee Journal

gone from me these many years ; Ihc
substance of it was that if water and
grease were put together tliere was
war, and no amount of coaxing would
bring peace or union, but just add some
potasli — immediately the whole became
one mass — soap. That is about tlie way
things go in a bee-hive; some things
will not mix at all, with all the coax-
ing and persuasion the apiarist can
bring to bear ; put in the right elements
or factors and all is peace and pros-
perity.

Read a former article which I wrote
for these columns about cell-building,
wax-secretion, etc., and let it be a pre-
lude to these following articles; it will
save me some repetitions. I do not
know all about bees, hives and nectar-
secretion, nor have I yet met all the
•conditions and factors that enter into
this complex business known as bee-
culture. I am just one of the many,
and will try to tell what appears to me
to be the truth, and you are to put with
this what you know, and arrange the
various blocks of wisdom and knowl-
edge into workable form or combination.

We may learn many things, how-
ever, from a fool ; zvc may have an un-
limited store of knowledge and yet be
without wisdom — a fool. The man is
wise who can properly apply his knowl-
edge. My desire is to add to the fund
•of knowledge of many readers.

Some Things to do in Spring.

There is much that can be done in
spring that will aid in the work that
must be done later when time is very
valuable. About the very first thing,
where bees winter on the summer stands,
is to look up all colonies that have died,
and remove from the yard the hives that
may have stores in them ; if left to be
robbed it stirs up the entire yard and
may cause much annoyance, as causing
weaker colonies to be robbed, or the
bees to be cross and sting people if
in exposed locations, or where there
may be people passing near. Gather in
all such hives.

Not so very long ago I read a dispute
—I think it was between R. L. Taylor,
and probably Mr. Doolittle — about when
or what time bees began breeding in
the spring — or winter. I thought at the
time the dispute a foolish one as loca-
tion and several things had to do with
that action on the part of any colony.
I do not profess to know all about this
matter, but about 30 years ago I read
in "Kretchmer's Bee-Keeper's Guide"
that usually in the latitude, say of Iowa,
or similar climate, that it was not un-
common to find normal colonies breed-
ing a little in the heart of the cluster
in January, the amount increasing as
the season advanced and the colony
grew stronger : and I think he said most
of them should have brood by February.
I made examinations in those days, in
southwest Iowa, and found just as ]Mr.
K. had described — a small patch of
sealed brood in January; then in a cli-
mate in <vhich bees seldom got out of
their hives in winter, and where the
first pollen was gathered about March
1st. usually from soft maple, there is
rarely very little flying before that date.
Well, since those days, as the years
went by, I have seen many colonies with

brood in the nmnth of January, even
h.atching bees.

This is Feb 14, and today I shifted
a colony from one hive to another, comb
by comb, and tlu re was sealed brood in
2 combs with a few bees hatching; 1
should judge there was 50 to 75 square
inclies of sealed brood in the combs, and
I did not look to see how many more
of eggs and larva. About the first ol
this month I saw almost as much brood
in another colony in a different yard.
Within the past 2 weeks I have seen
brood in several colonies.

Strong Colonies.

If you will examine you will find that
it is the colonies strong in bees and
with plenty of stores that are breed-
ing freely so early. Many weak colo-
nies have not yet started any brood;
others are just starting. In this climate
where there is much sunshine and a
minimum of cold winds the strong, di-
rect and undimmed sun rays so warm
the hives and atmosphere that bees fly
freely. I should guess that with average
weather, as we have it here, they will
fly more or less half the days of Febru-
ary and March. Last night the ther-
mometer was down to 15 or lower;
there has not been a night so far this
month that it did not freeze, but in mid-
day it would be from 40 to 60, and
March is likely to be much the same,
only a little warmer.

Now here is what I wish to teach :
With bees flying so much they rapidly
decrease in numbers, especially by
March. That colony I transferred to-
day that showed so much brood I count
as safely wintered, the bees hatching
now, and that within the next few days
will be sufficient to keep up the forces
and maintain heat for such brood as
will be reared from this on, and which
will be required to do spring foraging.
The weaker colonies that are just start-
ing brood will be so few in numbers by
early March that it will be almost im-
possible for them to rear brood at all.
For such length of winter as may be
found in Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio,
and similar latitude and conditions, here
is what I consider a necessity to safe
wintering:

First there must be enough bees in
the hive in the fall to make a large
cluster, such as will usually occupy
about 2-3 of the spaces in a lo-frame
hive, and these bees in their prime of
life; such will have enough bees in
January and February, \o start and ma-
ture brood which furnishes the life and
strength of the colony to withstand the
vicissitudes of spring life. To have
such colonies the one thing above all
others that will get this condition —
other conditions being normal — is a
large brood-ncst, and this brood-nest so
arranged or provided that the queen is
not hampered in her breeding by being
crowded with honey. A full discussion
of this will come in its proper place;
fall is the time to make the colony that
will be strong in the spring.

We have weak and strong colonies
in the spring as well as at other sea-
sons— that is, in comparison. The poor
weaklings in late winter and early
spring — it is pitiable to see them strug-
gling to mature enough brood to save

the life of the colony; but pity is about
all wo can do for them ; we sigh and
hope for steady warm weather until
they get on their feet — that is grow
strong. If a man has but a few colo-
nies, and can put these weaklings into
some warm place where they will never
have to endure cold — say in a tempera-
ture that would almost mature the
brood, — such colonies may become some
of the very best in the coming harvest.
Do not condemn these queens when
their only fault may be that their bees
were such good honey-gatherers that
they filled up the combs in the fall to the
exclusion of the brood they would have
put there, which in turn would have
been the making of a strong colony in
the spring. Very many queens and
colonies die in winter and spring, vic-
tims of environment.

Clipping Queens.

I will not ask you to consider me
authority on this subject. However, 1
have clipped for about 30 years — of
course, I have always had undipped
queens in more or less numbers. I have
just stopped to make a mental calcula-
tion, and I think it a very conservative
estimate to say I have clipped 5000
queens, and I doubt if 10,000 would cov-
er it. I have been over 30 years at it,
and some years I clipped several hun-
dred.

Some thitik it causes supersedure, but
I do not. I do not think it makes
one iota of difference about supersed-
ing, simply the fact of a wing being
off. The clipper may so frighten a queen,
or by some other way make things go
wrong and cause a queen to be killed,
then, of course, another one is reared,
but that is not supersedure. For j-ears

1 have used the fact of clipped queens
to determine their age, together with
the record, and, besides, I have been
such a crank to open and manipulate
colonies that I have had almost un-
limited opportunity to discover if the
clipped queens were sooner superseded
but I have never been able to discover
that they were. Very many queens are
superseded unbeknown to the apiarist
who does not clip and does not make
frequent examinations of the colony.

Well-bred queens should be good for
3 full and vigorous seasons of laying,
some for the fourth, but some for only

2 seasons. It is scarcely safe to trust
a queen after she has produced rousing
colonies for two harvests, yet I do
trust many of them for the third, but
I do it after judging of them after many
years of observation. I do not believe
I can tell you how to judge if she is
capable for a third active season ; you
will have to get that by observation and
practice.

So I clip for two purposes, perhaps
the main reason being to keep them
from going off with a swarm, if I should
be a little late in getting to work the
colon}\ Then I rarely ever allow- a
swarm hived, either a natural 01
forced one, without clipping the queen
to prevent loss by absconding. When
a swarm is hived, if the queen was
clipped the previous year, she gets this
record : "(•■ — 20, S. hived — o. q." If
she has not been previously clipped, or
if a past season's queen, but recently

American ^ae Journal

Mar. 28, 1907

clipped, the record is "6 — 15 s. hived,
cHpped." The first two numbers of
course are the month and day; the first
entry for the colony for that season
should be preceded by the year date.

I have given you the main reasons
why I clip; now I will tell you when.
I do this in the spring whenever I can
get sight of the queen. In April or
Maj' (or whenever in your locality you
can safely handle the bees previous to
the honey-flow, and before they get very
strong) go through every colony and
trim ofi bur-combs and otherwise slick
up things so that the combs will handle-
very freely without catching and scrap-
ing. Every bur-comb and brace-comb
should be removed, and this done in
the early season before there are many
bees to be in the way. Now when do-
ing this work, watch for the queen, and,
when found, if her wing is already
clipped enter the fact on the record as
"o. q." If the colony record shows two
consecutive seasons "o. q." she is ready
to be put out of commission after that
season's crop of bees for the harvest has

been produced, unless she shows un-
usual vitality, when she may wait for
the third "o. q.." but lots of them will
not be found for the third one, or, if
so, will disgust the owner by failing
just when he can least afford to have
the failure. But do not hunt too long;
if not found with reasonable effort or
disturbance wait until the next over-
hauling, when the bur-combs being out
of the way, and combs handle so slick
and easy, you can locate her without
trouble.

For clipping I carry a little pair of
scissors in my vest-pocket; they are
about as long as my finger, and, when I
locate the queen, out comes those scis-
sors, and they follow her until I get
a blade under a wing, when off it goes.
I don't cut one leg in many hundreds
of queens; I thinklhave never clipped
but one leg. I never attempt to catch
the queen to clip, except in rare cases,
as in swarms, or when she is frightened
so I cannot follow her with scissors.
Many never are aware when clipped.

Loveland. Colo.

Foul Brood Inspection

Conducted by Louis U. Sohull, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Something- in Favor of Black
Bees

On page 106, it says that "the blacks
are inferior." I agree that they are
inferior to Italians in most respects,
but not in all.

The German, or black, bees have
been our honey-gatherers for over a
century, and it is time that we were
finding out their merits, if they have
any, and they surely have. I say that
they have a place in apiculture that the
Italians can never fill with the same
amount of labor or capital. In the
production of a nice article of comb
honey they can not be excelled. Also,
they can easily be brought up to a non-
swarming point and a large comb-
honey business operated with but little
labor or expense.

It also says, " If, then, an American
editor be asked by a beginner as to
which is the better bee, he answers,
'The Italian.'" This is true, but it
may not be the best bee for the begin-
ner. If he lives in a location where
there are no blacks the Italians are
the best for him, perhaps; but if his
Italian queens are exposed to black
drones, they are the worst for him, for
their crosses with blacks are furious
stingers, and nothing but a veteran
bee-keeper, or one toughened to stings,
can stand them. It is widely circulated
that the Italians are by far the gentlest
bees, but we have found this true :

There is many a bee-keeper who makes
a start in bee-keeping, and, not con-
tent with the strain he or his neighbors
have, buys some bees of another strain,
introduces or sets them down with his
others, believing it is the best thing
for him from what he has read or
heard. Soon his apiary is " fired up,"
and he is, too, and soon is gone " where
the woodbine twineth," so far as bee-
keeping is concerned. This has been
the case hundreds of times here in the
South, and, to some extent, is the cause
of the bee and honey industry being as
it is here.

There are many bee-keepers who re-
gret that they ever mixed their bees ;
and, beginners, if your neighbors keep
Italians, you start with them ; or if
your neighbors keep blacks, you start
with them until you have mastered
enough about bees to keep your stock
pure. If your neighbors have hybrids
or a mixed race of bees, better start up
bee-keeping in some other location, or
stand the stings.

I advocate pure stock for the begin-
ner, whatever it may be, or wherever
it may be found.

I operate Italians, blacks, and Cau-
casians for honey, and give credit
where it is due. J. J. Wilder.

Crisp Co., Ga., March 9.

E^~ I would not do without the American
Bee .Journal for ten times its cost. —F. L. Day,
of Minnesota.

At the San Antonio Inspector's meet-
ing, J. M. Rankin said :

" Bee-inspectors are born, not made. It is
an easy matter to learn to detect the disease
and to effect a cure. Any man of ordinary
intelligence can do this, but it is only a small
part of bee-inspection. The difficult part lies
in handling the bee-keeper, and, without an-
tagonizing him, get him to comply with the
law because he sees the advantage it brings
him in doing so."

This is true, indeed, and those who
have had experience in inspection
work well know the difficult parts that
had to be " worked " at some time or
another. It is, indeed, a difficult task
to approach a man who refuses to have
his bees inspected, and tact and pa-
tience are necessary in handling cases
of this kind.

There are bee-keepers, and other bee-
keepers, and while some of them are
ever ready to assist in the inspection
of their apiaries, others can be so stub-
born as to make it quite disagreeable
for the inspector. It is amusing to me
sometimes to think of some of the
" scrapes " experienced while inspect-
ing apiaries, and, although in some in-
stances the situations seemed of a very
serious nature at the time, yet it may
not have been so bad in reality. How-
ever, to receive "notes of warning"
like those here given, while inspecting
in certain districts, would in all likeli-
hood be heeded somewhat by any in-
spector. Here is one :

Mr. Foul Brood Inspector: — I heard
you were inspecting the bees of our neighbor-
hood, and am sending you tbis note of warn-
ing to inform you that I will not have my bees
inspected, and any trespassers will be prop-
erly dealt with if a shot-gun has to be resorted
to. Respectfully,

On another occasion the leading
newspaper of the town had the follow-
ing in one of its columns the next day
after arriving on a trip of inspection :

A Note of Warning.

We, the undersigned bee-keepers, having
learned that the bees of this section are to be
inspected, will make it hot for any foul brood
or other inspectors, or would-be and assistant
inspectors, trespassing on our premises or
bee-yards. (Several Names.)

Such things might have seemed
ridiculous to inspectors of some of the
other States, but when it is remem-
bered that this happened in " the wild
and woolly west " of Texas, it may not
seem that way. Of course, ignorance
on the part of these men, who were
honest in their opinions otherwise,
caused them to take such steps. This
was made manifest in each case after
"the inspector" called around and
approached them with a broad smile
and a hearty " How do you do," just as
if meeting an old friend ; and as if
without any knowledge whatever about
the " notes of warning " received.

What an inspector should strive to
do in the majority of the " hard cases,"
is to "bluff right," and overtake the
victim by surprise. Have no recollec-
tion of the " notes of warning," and
he will think you failed to get them
before you came. Then talk weather,
crops, market prices, and the latest
news, and show an interest in "every-

Mar. 28, 1907

\ -^^f^-

-=^i

Americ nUae Journal

263

thing on the place "—his stock is fine,
and the cattle, hogs — even the chickens,
if the beekeeper be a farmer also.

Ask for a drink of water, and tell
him how you used to be on the farm at
one time or another, and by this time,
if he has not already invited you to
stay for dinner with him, there is your
opportunity to ask him something
about his honey-prospects and /tis bees.
Nine times, if not ten times, out of ten
you will gain your point. Most likely
dinner will be ready by this time, and
it will be proposed by the bee-keeper,
of course, that " we'll have dinner first,
and then we might take a look at my

apiary." I len, of course, he will
show you li bees, while "the Mr. In-
spector, wh ot the 'noteof warning,'
does the resi See ?

It must b( remembered, however,
that not all ■•.ises can be " handled "
alike, and one manner of approaching
a bee-keeper who does not want the in-
spector on his place, may succeed with
one and not with another. If possible,
study your subject, and then plan your
" attack " accordingly ; and if the
plans are the right ones, the battle is
easily won.

Such is the more difficult part of bee-
inspection.

Dur ^
"Bee- Keeping

'>.y~'aai';vTr-

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marcut^u, in

A Sister's Experience in Folding
Sections

Dear Miss Wilson : — One day I
noticed an invitation to bee-keeping
sisters to " rise in meetin' " and tell
their experiences. So I thought I would
begin mine at the beginning, and if
you consider me at all interesting, I
will tell you several things that hap-
pened. I can not give any learned or
scientific papers on "Why is a bee?"
but for plain, every-day facts, I can
tell a few.

The way I became interested in bees
was one day papa said, " I need sec-
tion-boxes very much, and I don't see
how I will find the timetomake them."
I said, " I'll make 'em." Papa thought
it over, and finally concluded I might.
So he showed me just how to proceed.

The boxes were in two pieces, and I
laid quite a bunch across a pan. and
poured hot water into the grooves with
a spoon, always having one bunch
soaking while I made up those pre-
viously soaked. Picking up a piece I
took hold of both ends and carefully
bent it into shape, holding it with my
left hand. I laid the short piece into
place, and with a light blow from a
tack-hammer, it slipped into the notches
on one end. Then I fixed the other
end. Of course, it sometimes happened
that it did not work smoothly, but I got
along very nicely, so papa offered me
10 cents per hundred for all I would
make. He generally told me several
days in advance how many to make.

Well, one day I wanted some extra
money, and I decided to earn it by
making boxes. There being no one at
home, I pitched in. I took my mate-
rials on the rear porch, which, by the
way, was not large. I worked faith-
fully, and when mamma came home I
had the porch piled so full of boxes she
could not get indoors. Of course, she
made me stop and carry them to the

basement where papa had his work-
shop. There were something like 700
made up, so I piled them up on the
work-bench, putting what was left in
wash-tubs and anything else that
would hold them. When papa came
home and saw the mess, he said the
market was overstocked, likewise his
work-bench ; and not only was the
price cut in half, but I must work over-
time and clear off his bench, so he
could fix supers to put the boxes in.

I filled everything I could find with
boxes, and thought I was done with
them, but, oh dear ! I had completely
forgotten wash-day, so the next day I
moved those boxes again, but this time
I strung them, putting SO or more on
each cord, and hung the cord over nails
driven in the joists. Yes, and every
time any one went to the cellar for any-
thing, he or she was sure to " butt
into" those boxes, and from the dark
and stilly depths would come some-
thing that sounded suspiciously like
" confound it," or "doggone it."

That was the beginning of my bee-
business, and I have never been out of
it since. Some time, perhaps, I'll tell
you how I used to hive swarms.

Sister Esperanza.

I think your papa was very generous
to give you lo cents per hundred for
making boxes — yes, or half that price.
Would it not be economy to adopt the
one-piece sections and get a machine
to make them ?

Let us hear from you again.

A Texas Sister Wins Success— Bee=
Veils

In the American Bee Keeper Mrs. A.
E. St. Leger, of Wooster, Tex., says,
under date of Oct. 18, 1906 :

By this time, 1 suspect, masy colonies have
gone into wintti luarters in the North, while
here the bees are working, carrying in big

loads of pollen, fllUng the combs with honey
and hurrjinint; aa If It were spring.

Two weeks ago, while standing under an
elm-tree, I thought there must be a swarm on
an upper limb, but there were Ijees about all
the eliiiB, anil I discovered that they were la
bloom. The prairie is bright with flowers,
and my bees have given me more honey than
ever before— such beautiful amber-colored
honey, all nicely capped.

Many times I feared my pets would have to
be given up, as my husband (who is in poor
health, and for whose benelU we moved to the
country, he giving up hi* practise as physi-
cian) would get BO nervous every time I went
near the hives; but little by little he over-
came his fear when he found 1 did not get
stung; and this spring he was so interested
in them himself that he helped me a great
deal. 1 was delighted, for this year I have
been able to work without him begging me
to " come away."

KiCE BoBiNET Bee-Veil.

I wonder if any of the bee-keepers have
tried the rice bobinet for veils. It is so much
stifterthan other kinds, and stays stiff. After
making the veil with an elastic band for the
hat, and one in the lower hem, I stitch about
6 inches of broad elastic on the latter at the
back. Opposite the underarm it has a loop
at the end of tape. After drawing the broad
elastic forward, the loop is slipped over a but-
ton stitched on the front lower hem. It is so
easy to fix, and the veil is held in place.

Mrs. a. E. St. Leger.

It is a turning of the tables as com-
pared with the usual way, to have one
of the lords of creation become inter-
ested in bee-keeping so as to play " sec-
ond fiddle " to one of the sisters. Mrs.
St. Leger is to be congratulated, and it
is to be hoped that bee-keeping may
prove so favorable to her husband's
health that he may become an equal
partner.

Mrs. St. Leger's plan of making a
veil seems to be good. The favored
bee-veil in this locality is made after
this fashion :

One end of the veil is sewed firmly
to the outer brim of the hat (of course,
an elastic to slip over the hat may be
used if preferred); this keeps the veil
smooth, avoiding wrinkles in front of
the face. An elastic cord is run in the
lower hem. A safety-pin is caught
through the hem in the front, taking
in the elastic cord. This is always left
hanging in the veil, then when hat and
veil are on, all that is needed is to pull
the elastic down until taut — not only
taut, but stretched until very tif^ht—
and then to fasten the safety-pin to
keep it so. If a rigid cord were used
instead of an elastic, when the body
was bent it would become slack and
allow bees to pass under, but if the
elastic is drawn down tight e^iough no
bee can get under, no matter what
change is made in the position of the
body. Nothing can be simpler as a
fastening, and it is perfectly safe.
Try it.

Bee-Song Souvenir Postal Cards. —

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for bee-keepers, each card having one
of the following songs, about I'^i^Zfi in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card;
"Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,'" -'The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming^
of the Bees." The first two cards have small
pictures of the authors ot the words and
music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now issued for the use of bee-keep-
ers, the first being the " Honey-Bear " card.
Prices, by mail, are as follows : Sample cards,
3 cents each ; 7 for 30 cents, or 10 for 25 cents.

Mar. 28, 1907

American ^ae Journal

<::anadian
'Beedo

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Markham, Ont.

Pollen from Clover

See here, Mr. Hasty, you are (page
152) altogether too severe on the author
of those pretty verses on page 29.
While he is accused of indulging in too
much '^ poetic license" (if I dare to use
the phrase), I would say that you are
indulging in considerable " prosaic
license," in making the assertions you
do. Here in Ontario, not a few, but
fully SO percent of the bees, in some
seasons, gather pollen from clover.
Last year fully more than that number
would have pollen when they came to
the hives. True, this is not a good
sign that the clover is yielding much
honey, but that does not change the
situation any.

As to bees not dying " (except by
violence) with pollen on their legs,"
why, dozens of times I have noticed
bees with small pellets of pollen crawl-
ing aimlessly around among the blos-
soms, and often found others in a posi-
tion as described by the writer of the
verses in question —

" Under a large head o'er faaQging
A little dead bee I found."

Then, again, it is not said that the
pollen is " golden " in color —

" Full were her bags with the gold,"

can mean in figurative language,
honey ; or the term " gold " can be
used as signifying the value of the
pollen, if we choose to couple it with
the latter commodity.

Please, Mr. Hasty, put on your think-
ing cap, and see if you do not recollect
ever seeing a dead bee in the clover
having pollen attached to it.

Making- One's Own Hives

While I am at it, I want to mention
something in which I do agree with
Mr. Hasty more heartily. On page 132
he refers to the habit of some bee-
keepers (the habit is not confined to
the bee-keeping fraternity, either) who
vote all others who can not see as they
do, or make a success with plans advo-
cated and put into practise by them-
selves, as being stupid or ignorant. A
case in point :

Not long ago certain men were dis-
cussing factory vs. home-made hives.
One writer claimed that all bee-keepers
were not capable of making their own
hives ; whereupon the other retorted
with language in effect, that such peo-
ple should not keep bees. I happen to
be one who would come under the ban,

and yet, even if it is the case, as I
often jokingly assert, that I can not
nail two boards together true, I would
ask whose business is it, anyway, if I
choose to keep bees for a living, and at
the same time refrain from doing any-
thing that would be a menace to the
industry ?

Some people are constantly fretting
and bewailing the shortcomings of
other poor mortals, when, the chances
are, if they looked closely enough for
defects in their own make-up, they
would find work enough to engage
their present attention without going
to the trouble of putting strictures on
others and saying, " Do as I do, or else
get out of the business."

Why Does Honey Granulate ?

There is room yet for scientific work
towards determining just why honey
granulates so quickly sometimes, and
at other times can not be induced to
granulate at all. Some 7 years ago we
had a tank of SCO pounds of honey,
that was being kept for home use. It
was kept in a small building, single-
boarded, and no protection was given
whatever towards keeping out the cold.

As it showed no signs of granulating
during the fall months, through pres-
sure of other work the matter was neg-
lected till cold weather. But we didn't
use much of that honey that winter, for
the simple reason that it could not be
gotten out of the tank during the cold
weather. It would stick and hang to a
spoon or other implement just like the
thickest of taffy, and it was worth all
you could get to pay for the work.

When spring came it would run
slowly from the tap, but it never offered
to granulate, although some of it was
not used for nearly two years.

That same year Mr. D. W. Heise, of
Bethesda, Ont., had a 600-pound tank
of clover honey that acted very pecu-
liarly. During October the lower half
of the honey in the tank granulated
solid, but the rest remained liquid, and
as clear as crystal. Samples were sent
to Prof. Shutt, of Ottawa, for analysis,
and he reported that the dextrose and
levulose had separated. Both the
granulated and liquid samples were of
good body and splendid flavor, the
liquid portion being especially inild,
resembling alfalfa honey a great deal.
Only a few days ago I met Mr. Heise.
and he reports that he has some of that
honey yet, and to date there have been
no signs of granulation.

While I do not know why some honey
granulates and some does not, yet I
do know that all the honey I have ever
seen that did not granulate has invari-
ably been well ripened on the hive, and
has always been honey of the very best
quality.

While granulation no doubt is, as
claimed, a proof of purity, yet it is well
to be suspicious of honey that granu-
lates very early in the season. Of
course, there are exceptions, but, as a
rule, you will find that if clover or
basswood honey granulates quite early,
said honey is pretty sure to have been
extracted in an unripe condition.

Wr /ias^^

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
by E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Pollen — Bees and Fruit.

On pages 109 and 110, C. P. Dadant
has an excellent article on pollen, bees
and fruit. As I once spent a good deal
of time examining different sorts of
pollen with the microscope, I'll venture
to "hold up" one of his statements about
pollen. The non-microscopic reader
would infer that all pollen-grain were
shaped like little osage oranges. There
is a very great variety in the shapes.
Also, there is a great range of sizes.
The sphere with rough surface is not
even the commonest form. The shape
of a grain of wheat (with crease down

one side all natural as life) turned up
oftenest in my observations. High
power of microscope may be used to
make out markings and details ; but
mere general outlines require but small
power. In fact, my mind is (although
my memory may be giving me away
on that) that sharp eyes without the
glass can faintly make out hollyhock
and tiger-lily pollens. These, and a
few others, are in the Jumbo class for
size. Hollyhock is a perfect shape,
yellow, and covered thickly with
stubbed spurs or straight thorns.
Tiger-lily is kidney-like both in shape

Mar. 28, 1907

Amc»ric<in l^ee Journal j

and color. The very irregular shape
of raisins just dug out of a pressed
cake of raisins is often met ; but I
think that most of these, with time and
warmth and moisture, will expand into
some definite shape.

And Mr. D. is hardly at his best
when he intimates that a scoopfull of
bees made to hang on a bunch of
grapes is any fair representative of a
cluster that forms there themselves,
knowing what they are after. (He says
"any of my readers can try this.")
Only a few times in a dozen years is
there — for the most of us — a chance to
try any such thing.

Testing Thermometers.

Tell " Wisconsin " to fes/ his wander-
ing thermometers. Put a wash-dish of
water out in the cold till it freezes over
lightly. (Don't trust water with more
or less ice floating in it.) Put in your
thermometers, and quite possibly one
of the lot will prove to be right — read-
ing 32 degrees, or nearly that. If not,
choose the most convenient one and
note how many degrees wrong it is.
Say it reads 29 degrees when it ought
to read 32 degrees. As the further
aberration in the course of 13 degrees
can not be very large, assume that it
will read 42 degrees when it ought to
read 45 degrees. I take it that care-
less workmen at marking thermome-
ters let their freezing water get too
warm and their boiling water too cold.
Also, I guess they twist the tops when
not hot enough ; so no real sealing
takes place. The result of this last is
that the fluid in the tube slowly evap-
orates out ; and the thermometer comes
after a while to read much too low.
Page lis.

Those Winter Drones.

F. Dundas Todd does very well for a
beginner in trying to account for his
winter drones. I'll add the guess that
the bees were queenless when the
drones were reared. Possibly the
queen laid a few eggs and then died off.
Thereupon the bees developed the eggs
for what they were worth, drone-eggs
to drones, and if there were any
worker-eggs, tried to rear a queen from
one. Page 117.

A Hive-Rifling Bear that Was
Rifled

Bully for the bear ! He lies in state
amid the evidences of his prowess, and
gives us the visible evidence of his big-
ness. He is a Samson resting his head
on the ruins he has made. What a
pity "Teddy" could not have been
presented with a chance to kill such a
whopper 1 Five rifles bear mute testi-
mony to the force considered appro-
priate to send against him. Page 121.

T-SupER Discussion.

Mr. Greiner's earnest hit-him-again
forninst the T-super is sufficient to
account for a smile or two. His charity
is great— great enough to think the
propolis of Marengo is greasy in its
nature — not sticky like the rest of us
have to agonize with. It slips right off
when it sees Miss Wilson press her
teeth together and go for it I And 500

a day, moi or less, will satisfy Mr.
Greiner as . day's scraping. (There,
that gives m some sort of a sight.)

And it secHii from a closing remark
of his that there are among us tom-
tinkers of the 33d degree that try to
press honey into shape when somewhat
out of square. Don't? Well, if advice
has any impression on that sort of
chaps, I'll say don't, also. Page 127.

seat across the ocean for some — that
fact weighs much heavier for those
early days than it would now. Now
we hardly know what our next neigh-
bor lias, or has not. That Indian who
had never seen bees before, very likely
thought the hive was a contrivance of
the white man's to defend his premises
in his absence. Page 129.

First Apiary in the South.

So a "claim is filed " for the honor
of first apiary in the far South. Place
on the Savannah River ; time a little
over a hundred years ago ; and keeper
the elder Wilder. Very good till some-
body can ante-date it. The fact that
he could hear of no bees, and therefore

Is There Honesty Among Bees?

It sounds nice to say " honest bee " —
who wouldn't increase the size of his
rose by suppressing the buds of other
people's roses — but how about the ac-
curacy and truth of it, dear Boss ? In
hot weather with no honey-flow, and
lots of idle bees out, whoever saw any
signs of honesty among them ?

icfor Miller^

Send Questions either to the oflice of the American Bee Journal, or to

Dk. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

J^" Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Some Varieties of Bees

Describe the Golden, Carniolan, and Cau-
casian bees. Also, which is the best variety?
What was the origin of the Goldens and the
Carniolans? Iowa,

Answer. — The standard Italian bee has 3
yellow bands. In this country these bands
have been increased by selection to 5, and
such bees are called "Goldens." Carniolans
are brought from Carniola in Austria. At a
hasty glance they might be taken for black
bees, but have a brighter look because they
have a whitish plumage on the edges of the
abdominal segments. Caucasians have some-
what the look of Carniolans or blacks. Dr.
D. E. Lyon says: "The bands which, in my
strain of Caucasians are so distinct, are of
the pronounced light gray, which, with the
slight shade of orange on the abdomen, make
it easy to tell these bees from the blacks."
Prof. Frank Benton says: "The dark color
is of a peculiar dull leaden gray, and gives
the bees a very ringed appearance. You have
doubtless noticed Carniolans or blacks which
have fallen into water-troughs, crept out. and
become partially dried. These might be taken
to resemble in color the Caucasian workers,
as you will notice that the dark rings around
the body show more distinctly when the fuzz
is dampened."

There are advocates for each, and it would
be hard to say " hich of the 3 is best. What
might be best fur one might not always be
best for another. The majority of bee-keep-
ers probably prefer Italians to any of the
others.

Doubled Colonies-Movins; Bees-
ttueen- Excluders, Etc.

1. I have 8 colonies. I doubled up late last
fall and failed in iireak the comb in the upper
hive so that the bees could carry the honey to
the lower hive. So I set one on top of the
other. They aiv in 8 frame hives. I win-
tered them in ii huuse fixlO feet in size, 2 feet
between walls, with sawdust between the

walls, and with double doors. I prefer to
conane them to the lower hive, or will the
queen lay in both hives J

2. What do you call " shook swarming ?"

3. I have 12 colonies 2 miles distant at a
neighbor's. When will be the best time to
move them— before snow goes off, or should
I wait until willow blossoms J

4. Will it pay me to get an extractor for 20
colonies*'

5. I want to run more for extracted honey.
How many bee-escapes will I have to have?

6. Are not queen-excluders a hindrance to
bees, or will I have to get some excluders? It
so, how many!

r. What is the " Dongolian " bee? Is it a
good honey-gatherer? I have the Italian.

1 am in a good location. It is timber coun-
try. Clover does well here, also alfalfa,
alsike, and white clover. Minnesota.

Answers,— 1. It you merely set one hive on
the other, you may tind the bees all in the
lower story, or you may find tbem all in the
upper story, and it is possible that you may
find the 2 colonies still separate, each one in
its own story. If strong enough, the queen
will lay in both stories. If you want to con-
fine the queen to the lower story, you must use
an excluder, first finding the queen to make
sure she is below. Or, if you don't want to
look for the queen, brush all the bees from
the upper combs into the lower story, put an
excluder over, and then the upper story of
combs without any bees.

2. " Shook swarming" is bad English that
has, I am sorry to say, grown into quite com-
mon use in place of "shaken swarms'" or
"shake-swarming." Perhaps a more appro-
priate name would be one used in Germany,
"anticipatory swarming." A little before
you think a colony will swarm you take the
matter into your own hands, and take away
from the colony all its frames of brood, put-
ting them elsewhere with only enough bees
to be sure the brood will not chill. That
leaves, as you will see, on the old stand, the
same as a swarm with the old queen, only it
will be stronger than the natural swarm
would have been.

When the distance is as much as 2 miles, it

266

Mar 28, 1907

American 'Ree Journal

matters little when they are moved, up to
fruit-bloom. A mile or less would be better
earlier.

4. Yes, or for 3, especially if you expect to
increase.

5. Many do not use escapes at all in run-
ning for extracted honey. If you make the
experiment with 1 or 2 at first, you can better
tell how many you want, if any.

6. While it is generally thought best to use
excluders for extracted honey, some do not
use them, such prominent men as C P
Dadant and E. D. Townsend being of the
number. The latter says that by giving addi-
tional supers always on top he has no need for
excluders. If you find it is better to use them,
you will need one for each colony.

7. I know nothing about Dongolian bees.
If you have good Italians you needn't worry.

Comparison of Sections-Drone-
Comb

1. Under ordinary conditions will il:ixi^x-
\% inch sections contain as much honey when
used without separators as i\iii}4xlX inch
sections when used with separators?

2. Do you advise cutting out all drone-
comb in the brood-chamber in spring?

3. Will bees repair the damaged comb with
worker-comb? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. A fair way to decide would
be to try the two side by side in the same
super. I have never tried that, but we ought
to approximate the right answer by a little
tigurmg. L nder ordinary conditions the bees
leave a space of about »|' inch between 2 filled
sections, and the same space between the face
of a section and the adjoining separator
According to that, a V\ section without sep-
arator ought to produce a comb I'.; inches
thick, and a 1'^ section with separator ought
to produce a comb 1-'^ inches thick; thus
making the first 1-11 heavier than the second.

2 and 3. It you cut out either drone or
worker-comb, or if in any way there is a hole
to be filled up by the bees, they are pretty
sure to fill It with drone-brood; so there's no
use in cutting out drone-comb and allowing
the bees to fill it afresh with the same kind of
comb. My advice would be to cut out the
drone-comb and at the same time fill the holes
with worker-comb or worker-foundation

The "Dovetailed" Hive

What is a "dovetailed hive?" I notice
that a number of hives are made with what is
commonly understood in bee-keeping as the
" dovetailed " corner, although it is not a
true dovetail, according to the dictionary
definition of the word. Illinois.

Answer.— I'm not sure I know enough to
answer your question in a satisfactory man-
ner. It would be easy to say, " I don't know
what a dovetailed hive is; look at the cata-
logs and see;" but I think I do know a little
about what a dovetailed hive is, only it isn't
the easiest thing in the world to write defini-
tions. But I'll brace myself and try:

A dovetailed hive is one that has no dove-
tailing about it, but its corners are fastened
with what would commonly be called square
tenons, lock-cornered or fingered; it has
frames lT'',x9'„, outside measure; any hive
coming under this description is a dovetailed
hive, provided it has no other name. Mind
you, though, I'm not to be held liable for any
damage that may occur from any incorrect-
ness in the foregoing description. I might
consult a number of the catalogs, and try to
make out from them more clearly just what a
dovetailed hive is; bat I don't want to do
that, for I don't want to get myself so mud-
dled that I'll be standing on my head the rest
of the day.

Next thing you'll be firing at me a question
to this effect : " Why is it that any one ever
did such a thing as to call a hive a ' dovetailed
hive ' when it's not dovetailed, and when the
part that's called dovetailed is found equally

on almost any otner hive that's not called
dovetailed?" Please don't insist on an an-
swer to that question ; I don't know. It's an
unfortunate name, but I didn't make it, and
it has come into such general use that it's
hardly likely it will now be changed. " John
White" may not be the most appropriate
name for a negro ; but if it's his name, why
it's his name, and that's all there is about it.
But there's no law against your trying to get
up a better name — I mean for the hive, not
for John White. And say, before we part,
allow me to ask you a question: What would
you suggest as a better name for the hive that
is now called "dovetailed hive?" If you
want to think over it, just send your answer
by mail.

" Hansen Ventilator "-Alexander
Feeder

1. Where can one procure a " Hansen Ven-
tilator?"

3. If I have a correct idea of the Alexander
feeder, it is used under the bottom-board of
the hive. How do the bees get access to the
feed? Iowa.

Answers.- 1. I have seen it mentioned in
print I think once, but have never seen any
description, so far as I remember, and do not
know where it is to be obtained.

2. The feeder is, so to speak, part of the
bottom-board, at the back end of the hive, on

the plan of the simplicity feeder, so the bees
come directly down from the frames into the
feeder.

Getting Straight Combs-Hive-
Covers— Races of Bees

We have had a fine winter, the snow is
about 4 inches deep at present, and the cold-
est weather was about 26 degrees below zero.
Our bees are in the cellar, and seem to be
doing nicely. I have 6 colonies — 2 in box-
hives and i new colonies from last season in
Langstroth hives, but as we neglected to put
foundation in all the frames, the bees soon
made immovable-frame hives out of all but
the last one. Now we want all these on
straight combs, as soon as practicable, and
expect to transfer the bees in the boxes by
means of the Heddon method during fruit-
bloom.

1. The box hives have only one opening
(the entrance), so that when turned wrong
side up and a box set on top of the hive to
catch the bees when they are drummed out,
how are the bees to get into the box on top?

2. What will be the best way to get the
other colonies on straight combs?

3. Will an empty hive with wired frames
of foundation be safe if left " standing around
any old place."

4. What kind of hive-cover do you prefer?

5. What do you think of the " Colorado"
cover?

6. Which race of bees do you think best for
this locality, or for any place in this latitude?

7. Are Carniolane as good as Italians, in
your estimation?

8. What about Mr. Byer's idea of the blacks
being as good as Italians? or are we begin-
ners simply to overlook such talk as that?

Iowa.
Answers. — 1. Turn the hive upside down
and with a cold-chisel pry off the bottom just
as if no bees were in the hive; the only dif-
ference being that you will have to use
enough smoke to subdue the bees and keep
them out of the way. You will have less
trouble with bees in the way if you allow the

bees to swarm (of course hiving the swarm in
a movable-frame hive, setting this on the old
stand with the old hive close to it, and 8 days
later moving the old hive to a new stand),
and cut the combs out of the old hive 21 days
later. That's the up-to date method in Eng-
land now, and they do more transferring
there than here.

2. Hard to tell that without seeing them.
It may be that they are not very bad, and that
by a little cutting apart you can get the
combs out, straightening each one into its
own frame, and cutting out entirely any that
can not be otherwise coaxed into place. If
you can not do that, and even if you can, you
may take a hand-saw and out down so as to
sever all comb attached to the sides of the
hive. Turn the whole upside down, and it
may be that by a little bumping the whole
contents will fall out of the hive and you will
lift it off. Perhaps, however, the bees have
built combs so as to fasten the frames to the
ends of the hive. Pry off the hive-bottom if
it is nailed on, and with the saw separate
everything from the ends. Then you have
full chance to cut the combs out of the
frames or do whatever may be needed.

3. Almost entirely safe in this locality. In
warmer localities it might not be so safe, but
with occasional looking-after there would be
little danger.

4. The best I have found yet is a double
cover with a ^jj-inch space between upper and
lower parts, and covered with tin or zinc.
The objection is that they cost 25 or 30 cents
apiece. But the cover is the last thing about
a hive to economize upon.

5. It's a good cover.

6. All in all, it is pretty safe to tie to the
Italians.

7. Taken as a whole, probably not.

8. Quite a number of level-headed men are
to be found among those Kanuck bee-keepers,
and J. L. Byer is one of them. He may be
right in saying that if as much pains had
been taken with blacks as with Italians, the
blacks would be as good as the Italians. But
the pains has not been taken, and the average
black is behind. He has mixed blood, and
he says he is in no hurry to change it. Maybe
he will continue in that mind; maybe he
won't.

I^orfs aiHO

Hard Year on Beginners

This has been a hard year on beginners. I
had 14 colonies and there were only 4 that I
got any surplus from, and I had to feed some
of them in the fall to Keep them from starv-
ing. It has been too warm this winter for
bees to do well — they have worked nearly
every day. They have brought in pollen
every month during the winter, but they con-
sumed a lot of honey.

While it has been discouraging to the be-
ginner, you will find enclosed SI. 00 to have
my subscription renewed for the " Old Re-
liable," as I can't keep bees without it.

Deport, Tex., Feb. 36. C. B. McDaniel.

Tests of Purity in Bees

As I am a lover of peace, and a very busy
man, I seldom dispute any man's statement,
but pages 137 and 138 contain an item that
can not pass unchallenged. That writer has
pasted up his ignorance for a target for queen-
breeders to shoot at. He evidently thinks
that a queen must cost a big price to be worth
having. He says he is satisfied that those
cheap queens advertised are mongrels or
worthless.

Nowi advertise cheap queens, and I am
satisfied that he does not know what he is
talking about. If he did, he would talk less.

Then, he attempts to tell us what a tested

Mar. 28, 1907

^'- Am^ric in Hee Journal fc

<v^^»-,J

<iueen ie. I don'l believe he ever saw an im-
ported Italian queen and her colony of work-
ers and drones. Any man who knows any-
thing about bees knows that Italian ciueens
are not all bright yellow. Neither do all
Italian drones have 4 yellow bands. We all
know that pure Italian drones vary in color
from a yellow copper color to nearly black.
So our New Yorker wants 4 yellow bands on
drones and M on workers.

Now, Mr. New Yorker, it you can test a
<iueen Ijy her drones only, you can do more
than most bee-keepers. You say a pure Ital-
ian queen is bright yellow; her drones and
workers are marked just like her. But just
before, you say her drones have 4 yellow
bands and her workers 3. How is this?

Well, if some breeder should send our New
Yorker a Texas yellow wasp marked " Ital-
ian," I doubt if he could tell whether it were
a tested Italian queen or a cheap mongrel.

Uvalde Co., Tex. Grant .Vndbkson.

Bees Stealing Pollen

We are having a cold winter, but my bees
■don't know it. I have 71 colonies in the cel-
lar under the kitchen.

I have never read of bees robbing pollen,
but had such a case last summer. The rob-
ber-bees would stay outside on the alighting-
board, and as a bee loaded with pollen would
alight it would run against her and cause her
to lose part of her load, which it would gather
up and carry away. While this would cause
but little damage to the colony, it shows a
reasoning power which can hardly be called
instinct. T. Proctor Otis.

Coaticook, Que., Feb. IT.

Bee-Keeping in Central and North-
west Arkansas

Twenty years ago I located in Pope Co.,
Ark., near the central part of the State, north
of the Arkansas River. About one-fourth of
the inhabitants there had bees — some pure
Italians, some hybrids, and a few blacks. I
found no bee books, papers, nor professional
apiarists to instruct them ; still they were
comparatively successful. It was certainly a
good bee-country, and their bees swarmed a
great deal. Those men could transfer, make
"artificial swarms," and introduce queens.
Their hives were made by carpenters in the
pine lumber mills that were numerous all over
that country. They were made of soft yellow
•pine, very porous, and the planks were sawed
15-2 Inches thick, probably were IV inches
thick when run through a planer. Those
hives resembled the Dadant style, and were
made well. I never saw a section-honey box
used. They all produced comb honey in the
full size frames which they cut out, saving no
comb, and trusting to the bees to make more.

Those bee-men never bothered about selling
honey, and never tried to make it a financial
income, as they were all " well-to-do " cotton-
raisers, who had sufficient means to live easy,
and did not regard the " apiary " sufHciently
important to bother about selling queens,
joining a " bee-society," nor subscribing for
a bee-paper. Still, several of those men had
" bee-orchards " (almost all had their hives
in apple or peach orchards) as large, and
some a great deal larger than several of our
Apiarists who write and illustrate for our
leading bee-papers.

There are a great many bees in Arkansas,
'but those quiet, conservative, soft-talking
Southerners do not " blow " about it. They
are among the best men in the world. There
is no deceit nor hypocrisy about them, and. in
their saber-slashed, bullet-pierced thorax
bnats a magnanimous heart.

Bees in that locality gathered their honey
from various flowers that bloomed in pro-
fusion along the water-courses and in the
fields. Cotton-blossoms furnish a great deal
of excellent honey, and the theory that it
" explodes" or ferments is all bosh. It makes
an excellent, rich honey, oily, but by some it
is not liked so well until they get used to it.
Most of the honey is flavored with peach and
apple blossom, and with the aroma of the

famous musi: inline, which surpasses all llie
knumn llavor-i You can smell au apiary where
bees use llir syrup that exudes from the
ripened fruit i half mile on a damp, still day.
The wax is veiy nice— more oily than the wax
in the North, :is it contains more or less cot-
ton-oil, and is more easily " broken down "
in warm weather.

Well, I joinid in with those fellows in the
bee-business. I bought 12 colonies (hybrids),
and with an old-style knowledge of bees ob-
tained from my father, who had his whole
apple orchard lllled with hives, I began with
" A li C of Beo-Culture " as a guide. I did
well, although 1 never trusted enough in my
own skill to run into the full details of queen-
rearing by nuclei, nor uniting " fall swarms."
I could divide in the spring, and teed and ex-
change brood-combe, and speedily build up
weak colonies. I reared my own queens in
strong colonies dequeened for the business,
and I inserted cells, mostly. Sometimes I in-
serted^ queens without trouble. My apiary
became so large, and as I never tried to sell
my honey, I gave it away ! I am a physician,
and my practise became so great in that mala-
rial country that I could not be bothered with
bees. My experience with bees there was for
about 7 years. Of course, that was some time
ago, and I am informed that the people have
advanced "out of sight" in the mode of
handling bees. I hope so, at least. I am now
located in one of the most beautiful " spots in
Dixie " — oh, so lovely ! I wishthat Mr. Doo-
little could see those beautiful springs, parks,
orchards, lakes, bluffs, and valleys all in
bloom with almost every kind of flower that
citn bloom on this mundane sphere, inter-
spersed with grapes, strawberries, blackber-
ries, raspberries, pears, apples, peaches, buck-
wheat, and clover. My " bee-brothers " will
see that I can not help doing well here with
bees. I have just begun, having bought up a
few colonies over the country and have not
moved them home yet. I am going to be
(jifc this time and "put on style " with my
hives. I will use 2 Jumbo with halt supers.
I will describe the modus operandi in my next
article, and will also tell of the " bee-men "
and " bee-women," and also their bees and
their mode of management. An " old maid "
near me has sent tor me to help her with her
bees— and I must go and help her— provided
my wife doesn't see me !

Jules Belknap, M. D.

Sulphur Springs, Ark.

Laying Workers, Introducing
Queens, Etc.

Last fall I put some colonies of bees into
the cellar. They had not a great deal of
honey, so I took a tin pan 4x9 inches and 3
inches deep, filled it with the best white
sugar, turned on enough cold water to moisten
it all, and the next morning I had a fine
block of sugar. I gave each colony a block,
and they are all alive now.

Treatment op Laying Workers.

Give them a good whiff of sulphur. In
1906 I had 3 laying worker colonies. I gave
one colony a queen-cell, but after the young
queen had mated with the drone they killed
the queen ; 3d, I sprinkled them with sweet-
ened water and oil of peppermint. Next I
saw drone-layers on the ground.

How to Inteoddce Queens.

Take off the honey-board ; capture the old
queen; place the new queen in a wire cage 4
inches long and 1 inch wide ; fit a wooden
plug into the end of the cage ; bore with a z^^-
inch bit in the end of each plug }.2 inch. Fill
the holes with sugar and honey. Mix not too
soft to daub the queen. Don't give any
nurse-bees. Place the cage in the center of
the cluster of bees. Let it lie between 2 top-
bars. If there is any sealed honey press the
wire into the comb and let it stay 48 hours.
In the eveniug. after the 48 hours, mix i^
teacupful of honey and water. Don't make
it sticky. Bluw smoke on top and below.
Then sprinkle the bees with the mixture and
give them tiuie to fill themselves. When they

commence to hum blow a little more smoke
on them ; free the queen ; close the hive, and
don't disturb them. Place a shallow box un-
der >he hive-entrance, and then if they de-
stroy the queen you can see her.,
Bergen, N. Y., Feb. 20. E. Ticker.

70 Colonies of Bees
For Sale Cheap

In large <|uantities, J3.0U per colony, and
S3. 50 in small lots. The bees are in lO-frama
Langstroth hives, and in excellent condition.

i3A4t G. PROCtlNOW, Maijville, Wis.

BIG STOCK

DOVETAILED HIVES,

SectlOdB, etc. I sell Marshfield Mfg. Co.'saod
Root's SUPPLIES at factory prices, m frame,
lH-story,«l 35; lOframe, $1.50; No. 1 SectionB,
$4; No. 2, $3.50. Sead for4«pige price-list if
you haven't one. With an order amoantin^ to
$15 or over I give T percent discount till May 10.

S. D. BUELL, Unron City, Mich.

13A2t Please meatioa the Bee Joaraal.

Standard=Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, $1 ;
6, $5; 12, $9. Select untested, .«1.25; 6, *6; 12,
$10. Tested,.?!. 50; select, $2.50; best, $.5. List
free. T. S. HALL,.

llD8t JASPER, Pickens Co., rjA.

Queens from 1000 colonies OUppllCS
I sell queens at — 1 queen, 25e; doz., S3. Also
following supplies at 3-2 Root's prices: 1000
F.&I. fences; 1000 plain section -holders; 1000
4^4 x4J^ plain sections; Daisy foundation fas-
tener; 10-inch foundation mill; 200 10-frame
wood-zincs; 2 doz. Porter escapes: 500 Hoff-
man frames. R. M. SPEiKCKR,
4A16t ^fordholt, Cal.

TAYLOR'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS T£€E BBST

Long TonBues and Goldens are best of honey-
gatherers; 18 yrs. a specialty, breeding for best
honey-gatherers. Untested, 75c. or$tSa doz.; Tested,
$1. or flu a doz.; Select Tested, $1.50. Breeders,
very best, from $3 to $5. ('arniolans same price. Try
them We also sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Safe arrival guaranteed.

J. W. TAYLOR & SON

13A10t BKEVILLE. Bee Co.. TEXAS.

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

By Express or Freight.

6 to 8 feet, each Sc; per 100 $".00

8 to 10 feet, each 9c; per 100 8.00

ARTHUR STANLEY, Dixon, III.

13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEE-SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smolders,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send tor free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

13A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Selert Untested Queens, SI; t., S5; 12, |9.
Tested, Jt.SO; 6, $8. Best Breeders, $3.50. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

9D18t Please mention the Bee Journal.

« It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

268

Mar. 28, 1907

American liee JournaTj

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Texas. — The Northern Texas Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its annual meeting at
LadoDia, Tex., on April 3 and 4, 1907. AH
bee-Iieepers are invited to attend. No hotel
bills to pay. W. H. White, Sec.

Blossom, Tex.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its next annual
convention at East Jordan, Mich., on April
10 and 11, 1907. Headquarters will be at the
Russell House, where a $1.00 per day rate has
been secured. Iba D. Bartlett, Sec.

East Jordan, Mich.

Connecticut. — The 16th annual conven-
tion of the Connecticut Bee Keepers' Asso-
ciaaion will be held in the State Capitol,
Hartford, room 50, on Saturday, April 6, 1907.
We believe that every wide-awake apiarist in
the State knows that our Association is un-
selfishly seeking to assist and protect the bee-
keepers in every way possible. During the
past few months apiculture has probably been
more generally discussed than at any other

period in the history of the State, because of
our attempt to secure proper bee-disease legis-
lation. Bee-keeping now, as never before, is
regarded as an important agricultural indus-
try in Connecticut, and our Assaciation pro-
poses to continue its campaign of education. A
lengthy program has been prepared for the
next meeting, and it is expected that several
noted speakers will be present. Every bee-
keeper is cordially invited to attend. Please
bring choice samples of honey, or anything
of interest, for the apiarian exhibit. Mem-
bership in the Association is but 50 cents a
year. We want 500 new members. Please
make remittances to the undersigned before
the date of the meeting, and be sure to come
yourself. J. Abthur Smith, Sec.

Box 38, Hartford, Conn.

Utah. — The Utah Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its spring convention in the
Mayor's office in the City and County Build-
ing, April 5, at 10 a.m. A revision of the bee-
protection law, reports on the smelter settle-
ment, and other questions of interest will be
taken up. All are cordially invited,

E. S. tovEST, Pres. A. Fawson, Sec.

American bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnlfe
Gold Fountain Pen

All

for

$3.00

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

Worker

Queen

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side— Tliree Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife.— When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knile? — In ease a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty"
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
It traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the "Novelties," your Pocket-Knipe will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knile.— We send it postpaid for
$1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $2.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

Drone

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler.

% size
We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the

weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

HEP" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)

for 20c; regular yearly price, j^l.OO. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK 8 CO.. 334 Dearborn St.. Chicane, III.

>o

are made every year in the book hneiness.
Every family, rich or poor, must have
books. During the Inst few years. S'?.500,-
000.00 hRve bft-n expended for Modem
Eloquence. .Sr^.tlOO.i.liO.OO for Stoddard's
Leetures. $2l.(l00.l)lH).00 for the Century
DirtioHHrv. and the tremendous sum of
$44.000,000.fi0, covering over half a million
sets of the Er.c.velopeedia Britannica.
These hooks were sold by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sells more reiidily than Hny of the
above. The demund is alreudy so tre-
mendous that more capital is required to
swing it. or get liehind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Remember, the success of this publi-
oiition is not awu.v off in the future— it is
not prospective. I'Ut it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is as
Bolid as the R<^ek of Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of <nir presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning I'ig dividends.and which
IB led to sell a small amount of its stock
eimply because the business is already so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if \nu would grasp this op-
portunity you must

P\ Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In

wj Address your letter to me personally,
■i^ like this—

W. B. GUbert
Dept. G 28 Jackson Blvd., Chicafo

Mar. 28, 1907

260

American l^ee Journal

flow to Make Money Easy

Restock yourapiarieH with Atchley (Queens;
they ilo the rust. We breed all of the leailiDR
races in their purity. UnteBted, $1 each ; $11
per doz. ; $ti() per 100. Tested, fl.M to *a.50
each; Hreeders, $.'i to if.5 each. I, 2, and ;i
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Oet our prices before you buy. We
manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will e.xchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey, lieoswax wanted at
all times. The Bfie & Honey Co.
Wii.i. Atciii.et, Mgr.
llAtf Box 218, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

46 Percent

EQUIVALENT

Not a Fish Story but a FACT.

Annual cash dividend to bee-keepers

on Supplies bought during

March

New Qoods, Best Quality. To-morrow
will be too late. Write TO-DAY.

PUTNftM & PEflKE, RiverFalls,Wis.

12Atf Mention Bee Journal when writing'.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUa. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

If you want the Bee-isook

T>iat covers the wtaole Aplcnltaral Field cnuic

completelj than anj other pablisbed,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOK HIS

♦• Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DUcoanU to tha Trada.

Big Profits in Capons

TOOLS

e.P PiUing & Son Co.

CaponiziDi;: is easy — soon
learned. 'Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid IS. 50.

IGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 25c

[French Killing KnifeoOc
|Capon Book Free.

Arch St., Phuadelptaia ,Pa.

Alsike Clover Seed

Alsike is fine for bees, land, pasture or
hay. It is hardy. Present price of seed, f.o.b.,
per bushel, .?8.00; 6 bushels or more include
sacks; less than 6 bushel orders, sacks 20 cts.
extra. Write for price of Medium Red or
Mammoth Clover Seed. Prices advancing.
Catalog of Apiary Supplies free. Address,

F. A. SNELL, Mllledeeville, Carroll Co., III.

10A4t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

ist,— To promote the intereBt8 of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riKhts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.
General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Z^' If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Standard-Bred Italian
FREE

PREMIUM (jlIEEPiS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every year PKEK to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
.Journal. These orders are taken for May or
.June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George W. York * Co..'— The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are fine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

Oeorge W. York * Co..-— After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 0',,' Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date^ and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchei-l.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George W. York & r'o..— The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N. P. OOLESBT.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York * Co..-— The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. Ton will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for SI. 00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send $1.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - t HICAGO, ILL.

'««rt^?

270 Mar. 28, 1907

American l^ee Journal

Mr. Beeman, what do you get for

Your Money ?

That's the question to consider when buying your bee-
supplies ?

Simply because you have bought from some other firm for
years and years, and because you perhaps think that 3'ou are sat-
isfied is no reason why you should not look around to see if you
can't bu}" from a better firm.

You don't know what satisfaction is until you get it.

By a better firm we mean a firm selling better goods in bet-
ter packages, giving better service ; a firm who can and will do
not only better bv you than the concern you have been doing bus-
iness with, but who will do the best of them all.

"I bought SO Lewis hives from a feUow in our town last year, and I never saw nicer,
whiter, better-fitting bee-hives in all my life. I have always bought my supplies from

so I had no idea you made such fine goods until I stumbled onto them

by mistake. Now I want Lewis Beeware and nothing else."

The above is only a sample of what bee-keepers think and
have to say about Lewis goods. Thousands of our customers
come to us in just this way.

They come to stay.

Now, "we are going to ask you to buy just 5 Lewis hives and
500 Lewis sections — even less, if you do not care to run that risk
— just to see what they are. We leave the decision entirely with
3'ou. If after getting a sample you are not convinced that Lewis
goods are the goods for you — we -don't ask your business. That's
fair, isn't it?

AGENTS EVERYWHERE

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY

WATERTOWN, WIS.

Mar. 28, 1907

271

American Hee Journal

A GREAT INPRO\EMENT

will be found In

The

American Bee -Keeper
for 13D7

It is profusely illiLslratod ami cn-
larfied, and contains only articlos of tlio
most practical as woll as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom thcn^ are no more practical or ex-
perienced bco-Uoepers in this country.
We have published the American Hec-
Koepcr continually and regularly sinc<i
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year,. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

(Established 25 years. J

^

Chicago, Feb. 1,— The usual late winter de-
maud is iu evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stock laid in during- the autumn by
the large retailers, but during the dull period
there has been very little change, if any, in
prices, the offerings teing light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings lS@16c,and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white slover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from b(g^1!4c*
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, Mar. 11.— The comb honey
market has been quite active in the last two
weeks, and the continual cold weather has kept
things moving. Maoy cheap lots have been
sent in from the producers, which have had a
tendency to bear on the market and weaken the
prices somewhat. Fancy white comb honey,
15@16c; No. 1, 14@15c; amber. 12@14c. Fancy
white extracted honey, 7fn^8c; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. •Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, awd we quote
from 15@16c for fancy white; 13@14c for No. 1;
I2c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be.dif.
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient suo-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8^c; light amber, 7Kc; am-
ber, 6!^@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6)^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from S5@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRETH & SkQSLKEN.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1S)07 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

us must nil freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Salisfaclion Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FROM ME. ^T^Z"'.tif. '"""■

A Special Discouiit on Early Orders.

QUEENS i

Let me

book

Order for

t,A«S, and CAICASIANS.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaric?,

he «iJ4»I. ■»••:> Vi-;i.-

OW8. CAK.'^IO.

C.H. W.WEBER

CINCINNATI
...OHIO...

a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quali'y. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
hooey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, }3; and good No. 2, f2,80. White
extracted, s(a8)^c per pound; light amber,
7i.iftjSc. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

Thk Colo. HoNEY-PsoDncERS' Assn.

CINCINN.4TI, Mar. 11— There is very little de-
mand for extracted honey at this writing,
which is only natural, owing to the unsettled
weather at this time of the year. Bowever, we
are looking forward with interest to a rerival
of trade, as soon as the warm spring days are
here. We quote amber extracted honey in bar-
rels at (jK&"Mc, the price depending upon the
quantity purchased. Fancy table honey in
crates of two 60-lb. cans each, at 8@9o. There
is little demand for comb honey owing to the
lateness cf the season. Choice yellow beeswax,
32@35c, delivered here.

Thk Fred W. MnTH Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 25. — comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16(a,17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12®13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8(S;0c; amber, 6S'7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Poudbr.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, ISc.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7}^c; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, March 6.— The market on comb
honey has been quite brisk the past week. En-
tirely sold out of fancy white. No. 2 is selling
for 12)4@13c. White clover extracted in cans,
9c; amber in barrels, 6c. Beeswax, 30c, deliv-
ered here. C. H.W. Wbbek. _

Kansas City, Mar. 4— The demand for comb
honey is only fair at present. The market is
almost entirely bare of extracted honey. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24sec. cases, $3.10 to
53.25; No. 2, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted honey,
white, per pound, 3®10cl amber, 8c. Beeswax,
per pound, 25@27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready tor delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, f2:
Select Tested, ?3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

FACTORY PRICES

BBE-SUPPLIES in Cincinnati.

Let us give you quotations on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc. We will save you
money.

Beeswax wanted at 31c per pound cash ; 33c
in trade, delivered here. (Send for our free
catalog.)

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.
TAtf 51 Walnut St., CiNcraNATi, Ohio.

Best No. 1 Sections r^.'^-'vt^TJ, ^

less. Discounts on Daiiz. and Root's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. DuDu, St. flnnc, III.

6A14t Please mention the Bee JournaU

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

Mention Bee Journal ^vhen ^vrltlnB^-

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-124S Caston Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

BEE 0 POUIiTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

272

Mar. 28, 1907

American liee Journal

DADAWT'S FOUSDATION

.^IT EXCELSi^

m

Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will
say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."

Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
thing. WHY? Because we make the manulacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST

COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's— get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.
Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.

Agents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

I DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. |

Mentto i Bee Jonrnal vrhen Trrltlug.

s

m

Western Bee-Keepers s^«w^mi

how to 6ave money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COIORSDO noXEV-PROOlCERS' ASS'J', Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

Wb 8bll Root's Goods in Miohiqan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, HlTes,
Foundation, etc., as we can save you time ano
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Casta.

M. H. HUNT* SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

HentiaD Bee Joomal wben writlns.

Our Discounts on

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

are stiU in effect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

We make them. Have you seen them ?
Have you received our new 1907 Catalog ? It is surely the easiest
Catalog to order from that you ever saw. It is so easy that you cannot
make a mistake in your orders — a child can order from it as well as an
adult. Write for it to-day ; it is free for the asking. It is something
new and entirely different from any you have ever seen.

KRETGtiMER MFG. CO., GoUHGil BluHS, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

J We will Buy and
■ Sell

SM

HONEY

S&lt of the different grades and kinds,
2^* If you have any to dispose of, or if

you intend to buy, correspond

with us.

We are always in the market

for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

m Hildreth & Segelken

w& 265 & 267 Qreenwicta Street

^ NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Jonrnnl when vrrttlnK.

" Xtae continuous adTertiser
eets tlie bulk ot tlie business,
because otbers are not adver-
tising;, and be is.*'

47th Year

APRIL 4. 1907

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

274

American ^ee Journal

April 4, 1907

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, GhicaQO, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICK of this Journal I;
Sl.i«i a year, in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE Indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is pa'.d.
For instance, "dec<i7" on your label shows that it la
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

StrBSCRIPTION RBCBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, 10c.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.
13 " .
26 " .

52 " .

. S per cent
.10 "
.20 "
.30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
20OO " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
disconuts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, connt line, subject
to the above diBconnts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riBhts. ,

3d.— To enfone laws against the adulteration oi
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wlf,

f^T If more convenient. Dues may be sent to th«
ubhsbers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

•^^fSSvi?'' O *0""^ ™u BEE nr HONEX

_;,"^'C>*- ' »mf^ ^^ '"EtR THIS LONEU H£ART?

'■v^ I cmMi^FM Fob i would huo you «il the ritt i

/I _ PPAR Trt 'BP^y A •

^i^ ytsk "'* "^^ WOUtO IJfVtfi PART

As most of our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
Tlie cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
lioney-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for 10c (stamps
or silver), or 5 FEEE with the American Bee
Journal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2}.,'
Inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Stree CHICAGO, ILL.

■^I'

Now is tlie Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

■i4

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dovetailed Hive!«, Sections. Section-Holders,
Separators. Brood-I'ranies. Foundation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Casrs, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

I Minnesota Bee-KeeDers' SuddIu Go.

^ JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

^ Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

DMer's ConiD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

BEE-HIVES i^i
SECTIONS

Why Buy of Us ?

Remus, Mich., Feb. 25, 190T.
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Bear Sir : — I use Lewis Sections exclusively ;
there are none better — the only perfect '"V'-cut section
that has come to my notice. They told without moist-
ening. E. D. TOWNSEND.

Remus, Mich., Feb. IS, 1907.
The Lewis Hive-Bodies are far superior, both in
material and workmanship, to any I ever bought.

As ever yours, E. D, Townsend.

Several Car-Loads on hand.

Immediate shipments. Beeswax
wanted.

Advanced Bee-Veil, cord arrange-
ment. Silk face, 50c, postpaid.

A. G. WOODMAN CO.

Grand Rapids,
Mich.

April 4, 1907

275

Americanize Jonrnalj^^^F^^-^^i^ j

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-StPPLIES

Good [Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any boe-koc'pei' can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

JjSg' Mend lor liNt ot »«Iighlly l»uiii-
aged <jiootlM to welect trom at Reduced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M, ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. >Not mo

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
atrnctlble, and glTlng entirely satisfactory re-
Bnlts. Comb foundation made easily and

?ulckly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for It. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

4SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal when ^rrittng.

Vnr Cila **'*^ Acre Farm and lOO
rUl OdIC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. FITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS,

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrltlnc.

Hatch Chickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN HEN

Simple, perfect, self -regulating.
Hatch every fertile egg. Lowest
priced flrst-cIaBB hatcherB made.
GEO. H. STAHL, aulncr, UL

"In every country tue successful aflyertiser is the continuous atlvertiser.'

BEE-KEEPERS

Writu us now for our Catalog and get low
priceB on k^>o(I, honefit,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

lUA-Ut Please mention the Bee Journal.

46 Percent

EyUIVALENT

Not a Fish Story but a FACT.

Annual cash dividend to bee-keepers

on Supplies bought during

March

New Qoods, Best Quality. To-morrow
will be too late. Write TO-DAY.

PUTNftM & PEflKE,RiverFall8,Wi8.

12Atf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

(CAPON
TOOLS

e. P PiUing&SonCo.,

Big Profits in Capons

~ ('aponizin)^ is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 33c

Poultry Marker 25c

.French Killing KnifeoOc
[Capon Book Free.

Arch St, .Philadelphia, Fa.

Plea^Q mention Bee Journal
wfaen writing advertisers.

If you want goods anick, send to Ponder.

Established 1889.

HOW flDoui SeiiinQ at Gui Prices ?

He is a wise man that knows when he has
bargain-hunters are wise. Some of them have
do not know how it happened.

It costs nothing to prom-
ise bargains. It takes no more
printer's ink to describe a gold-
brick than a Government bond.
The real trouble begins when
the gold-brick arrives. When
staple goods are sold for less
than they are worth the differ-
ence has to made up in some
way.

This house has never found
it necessary to sell goods at cut

been "stung." But not all
been stung repeatedly and still

prices to secure trade. My bus-
iness is growing all the time,
on the simple proposition that
I give a dollar's worth of value
for every dollar received, and
here is the way this proposi-
tion appeals to a whole lot of
leople besides this one :

Russell, Iowa.
Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.

Bear iSir : — Your draft and supplies for the
260 pounds of beeswax came promptly. Thank
you — there is pleasure in such dealing. I have
300 swarms of bees. Yours most truly,

Geo. W. Riker.

according

Highest market prices for Beeswax. Sent by freight or express
to size of package, and attach your name to shipment,

I carry, ready for immediate shipment, all BEE= KEEPERS' SUPPLIES, in
eluding a full line of Root's Goods at Root's prices. Catalog Free.

Walter 5. Pouder

5i3'5i5 Massachusetts Avenue,
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrltlnB.

276

April 4, 1907

American ^ee 'Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

*>•

i,«pS7->'» •* •

t.

1 f

•>»

F

m-*'

V. if

■;j

1

:.Jk

t .1

V

■ -■■*§

M

1

jt * t

fr

»

t

p

* 1

ft

■•*v«'l..

i

ft

»»-,(• -<.-. - (

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honej-Prodncers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Fruita b ruit and Produce Ass'n

District of Columliia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Georgia

Savannah - Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
IlUnoito

C'flicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.
Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

BvansvlUe Vickery Bros.

loTra

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansa»>
Angnsta Carl F. Buck

* These deaiers

inis^iitiisippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co .

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micliig'an

Bell Branch M. H. Hont & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill ... .Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blauke & Hauk

IKew Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

l^ew York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Colnmbns Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., S2l Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregfon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

P 'tnnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio tJdo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virg-inia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

Ohio

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

L>^«

'^^.

'>V^

A .-,4

rA\

^ ««t

(Enterod at the PostOfflce at Chicago as Becond-Clasa Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEOKGK W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., APRIL 4, 1907

VoLXLVII— No, 14

editorial Jioies
and Commenfs

• iTT' I Vl I — „T«ii ..■.r.j

Quoting the Honey Market

We have received the following criticism
of the honey-market quotations that appear
in the bee-papers :

Editor York:— Most of the large honey-
dealers in this country sell again the greater
portion of their stock to wholesale houses,
and when making such sales, must, of neces-
sity, quote other prices to the wholesaler so
that there is a fair margin of profit (usually
10 percent) to such party, and so that the lat-
ter can sell to the retail dealers at the same
price as the jobber would sell to that class of
trade.

Looking over the market quotations in the
bee-papers, it appears that some firms quote
their prices to the jobbing trade and others
quote the prices they make to the retail
dealer. Now this should not be. It is neces-
sary, in order to make the quotations of any
value, that they should be based either on
jobbing prices or on the prices to retail mer-
chants. We should prefer the latter, because
then these prices would be a guide to the pro-
ducers as to what figures they should sell to
their local merchants.

A standing explanation should be given at
the head of the market column so that every-
body would know what the quotations sig-
nify, and so that the shippers would not expect
that all of their honey would be sold at those
figures.

Another suggestion that could stand a little
airing, is the manner in which commission
merchants render account sales to their con-
signors of honey. In all my experience I have
found only one instance where the statement
gave the information that the consignor is
entitled to have, according to my way of
thinking. Therefore, when we organized our
institution, wo decided to adopt a plan of
keeping consignment accounts with our mem-
bers and others, that would give all the details
of each transaction that any reasonable per-
son would want. We use two sheets for each
consignor, the original remaining in the
ledger; the carbon copy, when complete,
going to the consignor and taking the place
of statement. Invoices are numbered, being
made in triplicate on an automatic register,
the original invoice going with the goods, the
first carbon copy being filed away numerically.

and the second carbon copy alphabetically
Our check numbers are also posted in the
ledger, so that it is an easy matter to verify
the correctness of each entry.

For the purpose of saving space, we start
posting consignment sales at the bottom of the
page, and go up. When the page is filled the
number of cases of honey should tally with
the number of cases sold and on hand. The
unsold portion taken with the debits and
credits is then transferred to a new sheet in
the ledger. Each consignor's sheets have
their own numbers.

We are of the opinion that every merchant
handling goods on consignment should be
obliged to furnish a satisfactory account of
sales. Business Manager.

We thought best to submit the foregoing to
those who quote the honey market for the
American Bee Journal, and the following are
their replies:

George W. York & Co. :— In compliance
with yours of the 26th, we will say that this
is a good idea. We quote the price we sell to
jobbers ; that is, what we get in a jobbing
way, and I think this is the best.

C. H. W. Weber.

Cincinnati, Ohio, March 5.

George W. York & Co.: — Your favor of
the 26th received, with criticism on the honey
quotations, which we have carefully noted.

In reply we will say we deal with the job-
bing trade exclusively, consequently our quo-
tations are just what we get from the jobbers.
We sell nothing to the retail trade here.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Kansas City, Mo., March 5.

George W. Y'okk & Co. : — In reply to
yours of the 26th ult., we wish to say that we
are entirely in harmony with the sentiments
expressed in the article referred to, and as for
our own market quotations we will say that
we always state the price at which we sell to
the retail dealers, with the exception of bees-
wax, on which we quote the price that we
pay delivered here.
The Colorado Honey-Producers' Ass'n.

Denver, Colo. E. Rauchfuss, Jfgr.

George W. York & Co. : — Complying with
your request under date of the 26th, relating

to the market quotations as published in the
various bee-papers, we wish to say that the
prices quoted by us are what we receive when
selling. Naturally the prices for which we
buy are lower than those quoted in the bee-
papers.

We are aware that the market reports as
published today are confusing to the honey-
producers, and you can not make these quo-
tations too plain for them.

The Fred W. Muth Co.,

Fred W. Muth, Fres^

Cincinnati, Ohio, March 5.

George W. York cV Co. :— With an expe-
rience in the honey-business extending over
a period of a quarter of a century, and fol-
lowing the quotations in the markets very
closely for the last decade, I can see where
quotations might be very misleading to the
honey-producer and bee-keepers in the East-
ern market. The prices among commission
men for honey shipped in, as a rule, are very
unsteady, and Philadelphia is an exception to
other Eastern cities in the fact that we do
not have any large commission men who
make a specialty of dealing in honey. So
various commission men who deal in other
lines occasionally get shipments of honey
from different parties, and in order to make
quotations that would be satisfactory to the
producer, I have always tried to average up
these sales with a steady market that our
dealers are having from the grocery trade. I
believe it would be advisable, however, to
quote prices that, if the producer were to
ship on commission in this market, he could
expect to realize after deducting commission,
freight, carting and expenses. I would advise
all producers who have any quantity of honey
on hand always to write the commission men,
giving them a clear statement of the quantity
and quality, before making the shipment.

Wm. a. Selser.

Philadelphia, Pa., March 11.

George W. York & Co. :— Replying to
yours of recent date concerning the method
of making quotations in the American Bee
Journal, we would say that in a general way
the market report is made up from actual
sales, but a commission house is considered
to be a jobbing house. There are houses who
do both a jobbing and a small wholesale busi-
ness, /. c, they receive consignments from
different parts of the country and sell it to
smaller dealers in the same line of business,
who sell it by the individual package to small
retailers, all of the large retailers buying the
goods at the same price that the small jobber
does, or the man who buys it and peddles the
same out of a wagon to a retailer. The per-
centage of profit begins when the commissios
merchant sells the consignment, as his mar-
gin is the commission. Charge on car-lot con-
signments is usually 5 percent, but on small
lots 10 percent, and the 5 percent pays the
commission merchant a better net profit than
the 10 percent (strange as it may seem), for
in the case of the car-lot, where the goods run

278

American Hee Journal

April 4, 1907

uniform, an exhibit of a few cases is sufficient
to make the sale; on a lot of honey of 100
pounds to 1000 pounds it takes as much of an
exhibit to sell it as it does the car-lot, and fre-
quently many times as much expensive labor
is employed in selling the small lot as the
larger one, as there are Often different grades
of honey in the same shipment.

All commercial houses of any standing, in-
cluding commission houses, keep a record of
the sales, and when returns are made to the
consignor, a copy of the original entries ac-
companies the remittance, so that the owner
may know just how his consignments sold.
A wholesale buyer usually understands what
he is doing; therefore, presuming the seller
is equally well versed in his business, a sale is
more quickly effected than in the case of
where a wholesaler is selling to a retailer
who has more or less of a limited knowledge
of what he is buying, and needs to have much
more information imparted to him concern-
ing the merits of the merchandise under con-
sideration. R. A. BCBNETT.

Chicago, 111., March 5.

George W. York & Co. : — We are in re-
ceipt of your favor of the 26th, enclosing the
article Id regard to market quotations in the
American liee Journal. The quotations as
they appear in the different papers, are in-
tended to represent as nearly as possible the
prices realized at that time in a jobbing way.
This leaves a wide range as to quantity.
While one man will not want to buy more
than 5 or 10 cases, another might take 100 or
more.

Where a party buys very largely, even the
quotation prices are very often shaded in
order to make the sale, especially so when
there is plenty of supply and the demand not
very active. There are quite a tew firms, we
believe, who do strictly jobbing business only,
who, perhaps, are not in position, nor have
facilities, to sell to the retail trade.

Your correspondent seems to think that the
quotations as they now appear are not right,
and that they should be based on the prices
sold to the retail merchants, so as to guide
the producers as to what figures they should
sell to their local markets. We can not quite
agree with your correspondent. Take, for
instance, all quotations in the Journal of
Commerce and Commercial Bulletin of New
York, which, we are pretty sure, are wholesale
figures or jobbing prices, and are generally
understood this way.

Of course, where merchandise is sold in a
small way -it is generally sold at a little higher
than quotation prices, and then the shipper
would derive the benefit anyway.

While we can only speak for our own mar-
ket, we are of the opinion that quotations for
other markets signify wholesale prices. The
vital point is, it appears to us, that the ship-
per should have confidence in the firm to
whom he consigns his goods, leaving the
handling of same entirely to their discretion
and judgment. Hildreth & Seoblken.

New York, N. Y., March 9.

George W. York & Co. :— We have your
letter of Feb. 26th, enclosing a criticism from
•^ Business Manager," and will state that we
consider the way we handle honey the only
way; that is, to buy it outright. We, per-
haps, are in a little different position from
some dealers, but we have secured a fair mar-
ket of our own, on our own goods, and there-
fore have always handled honey on an out-
and-out sale, and not on commission. From
eiperience that has come to our view, hand-
ling honey on commission or consignment is
very unsatisfactory. A great many commis-
sion men in the country take advantage of
the bee-keeper. We have known instances
where commission men would receive a nice
lot of honey, would get a fair price for it,
and then when they made their report to the
bee-keeper they would report 2 or 3 cents less
than they actually sold it at, deducting
freight, cartage, breakage, etc., and in the
end the bee-keeper does not get as much out
of it as if he sold it to some good merchant
that makes a specialty of handling it. We
do not insinuate that all commission men are
alike, but we have seen so much of it done

that we are frank to state that it is not the
right way for any man to market his goods.

When quoting the honey market for bee-
papers we always quote what honey brings
here, or what we term the " retail trade " —
the grocers. We never quote our price to the
jobbing trade, as this varies according to the
quantity bought, and our quotations have
always been just what honey was bringing
here in a retail way. We do not think that
any producer of honey in the United States
has any business to sell his honey on consign-
ment or commission, as there is no one that
produces so much that some jobber in honey
can not buy it outright and pay for it ; then he
knows just what he is going to get for it.

It is true that a great many bee-keepers
never read the bee-papers, and never know
what honey is worth. Invariably they sell
their crop without even investigating as to
what it is worth.

We think the matter is an important one,
and we are satisfied that our view will be
agreed to by the majority of honey-dealers.
iThe Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.,
Per S. J. Griggs, Pres.

Toledo, Ohio, March 5.

George W. York & Co. :— I have read
with much interest the letter written by Mr.
Business Manager, and 1 am heartily in sym-
pathy with him. Market quotations should
be very valuable to producers, but privileges
to wholesalers in quoting the markets have
been seriously abused. To me it seems that
an explanation should be at the top of the
column stating that quotations are the whole-
sale prices being made to retail dealers.

It appears that some quote the market as
regards their own stock, without referring to
the general market of city named. Some have
used the space as a free advertisement, quot-
ing what he, individually, pays for beeswax,
leaving the public to guess what his near
competitor is paying, and saying nothing
about what he is selling at. Such quotations
do not enlighten the producer in any manner.

In quoting my own city I realize that I am
not the only one in the honey-business by a

long ways, and I look around to see what is be-
ing offered the retailer in a general way, and
quote accordingly, regardless of any stock
that I may have on hand. I have always be-
lieved this to be the correct method.

It is a question in my mind whether or not
the producer of honey is ever justified in send-
ing out his goods on the consignment plan.
Better have a deflDite understanding about
prices before shipping, and such arrange-
ments can be made with respousible commis-
sion houses as well as with cash buyers. I
recently saw an instance where a producer
refused the price offered by a cash buyer, but
agreed to consign his honey to a commission
house in the same city. The commission
house later offered the same honey to the
cash buyer at a less price than had been of-
fered the producer by the cash buyer. I am
a believer in having an understanding about
prices before shipping, and then a cash basis,
for this is the remedy to guard against disap-
pointments. In every large city the cash
buyer has a struggle to compete with the
commission man, but the cash buyer is the
best friend of the bee-keeper.

A reform in market quotations is much
needed, and will be welcomed by all who are
interested. Cash Buyer.

There seems to be considerable agreement
among those who quote the honey-market for
the American Bee Journal. It is as we have
always understood, that the prices quoted are
those which the shipper might expect to re-
ceive for his honey, after deducting the
freight, cartage, and commission charges.

The letters given herewith are certainly in-
teresting reading, particularly the emphatic
manner in which some urge the cash buyer's
method. It would seem to be a pretty good
way. And always write the dealer before
shipping the honey, no matter whether it is
to be sold on commission or for cash at an
agreed price.

flews Items ;

The Suburban Apiary of VVm. Kobert
Shannon, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is shown on the
first page. Mr. S. writes as follows concern-
ing it:

The little apiary represented in the enclosed
picture is located in a Brooklyn suburb of
"Greater New York.'" My little girl, boys,
and myself, may be seen in the picture. Not
having trees to shade from the hot sun I use
a canvas covering, having space inside this
cover to move about and do any needed work
among the bees.

Last season, colonies having plenty of
stores and a young queen, were very success-
ful, giving SO to 103 pounds of section honey
Aug. 1; the same colonies sealing afterwards
in the brood-chamber 40 to 50 pounds in Sep-
tember and October from wild aster.

I would say that queens after their second
year are very uncertain. It is a waste of time
to permit a weak colony to rear a queen. Such
a queen will be small and delicate in these
circumstances, and the bee-keeper will expe-
rience poor results. No queens can compare
with those found in the parent colony from
which a prime swarm has issued in June.
Such queens are good for 2 years.

To be successful, attend to the common-

sense known facts. Winter your bees with
plenty of stores, and a young queen in each
colony. Weather conditions must be very
bad if one does not reap a plentiful harvest.
Wm. Robert Shannon.

A Pair Exhibit, made by O. K. Rice, of

Washington, is shown on the first page.
When sending the picture, Mr. Rice wrote
thus:

Enclosed you will find a picture of our
local grange fair exhibit of my honey. It
took first prize. It had to, as it was the only
honey exhibited. There were some bee-keep-
ers that would have exhibited, but when I
had mine ready they did not come. I sold $30
worth the day after the exhibit, and as a
prize I got an 8-day clock which strikes the
hours and half-hours. You can see it in the
picture at the right. At the left you will see
a volume of the American Bee Journal with
the pictures of Dr. Miller, N. E. France, and
Wm. McEvoy. It is the first issue for 1906.
In the exhibit, the top row of honey is pint
jars; the next is I4 -jars, and third J^-gallon
jars. The fourth or last in the center 3^, and
next ,'4 and pints. On the table is a cake of

April 4, 1907

279

American ^ae Journal

wax (10 pounds;, and 3 pint-jars on top of it.
I will leave the reader to );iies8 the rest.

The year 1900 was a fairly (food year for
bee-keeping. I took about IBOO pounds from
34 colonies. It was all extrarted honey. 1
sold it all at about 10 cents a pound.

Bees are doing well on the summer stands.
O. K. Rick.

Gray's River, Wash., Jan. 10.

The CIpan and Upright Character

of the American Bee Journal is thus referred
to by Mr. Charles R. Smith, of Scranton, Pa.,
when commenting on it as an advertising
medium :

Editor York:— Your reference to adver-
tising in the American liee Journal, on page
22", is of more than passing account. The
important part of the whole article, however,
is in Mr. I'ouder's lines— "the readers of the
American Bee Journal have confidence in its
advertisers." And he could well have added,
" and that confidence is established chiefly by
the clean and upright characterof the paper."

I keep a few bees for the pleasure and rec-
reation I get from them and the honey for my
table, and have occasion, sometimes, to buy of
your advertisers, always with satisfactory re-
sults. Here is an instance: Never having
had, or tasted, alfalfa honey, I ordered a 60-
pound can of one of your advertisers. I
suppose I shall never be without it on my
table hereafter ; and that tirm may expect an
order every year for a long time.
Yours very truly,

Charles R. Smith.

We are very certain that more advertisers
would patronize the American Bee Journal if
they knew as well as Mr. Pouder about its
value in that regard. Unless those who have
good things to sell, let people know it, they
can't expect to have much demand.

Proportion of Comb to Honey.— We

have received the following from Mr. C. P.
Dadant, calling attention to an error in re-
porting :

Mk. Editor :— I see on page 237, at the top
of the third column, that I am made to say that
the proportion of comb to honey is about 25
to 40 percent. This was at the Illinois State
convention at Springfield. I do not remem-
ber this matter, but I am sure I could not
have said that, for the proportion of comb is
certainly a great deal less.

I am often made to say, by the reporters,
things that I blush to be credited with. I
fear, however, that I am to blame for the
mistakes thus made. I speak too fast. At
the San Antonio convention I was several
times cautioned by our stenographer, who
said it was out of the question for her to re-
port correctly words that came so hurriedly.
But I wish to warn the readers against ac-
cepting as gospel truth all the small talk of
the conventions. C. P. Dadant.

In referring to the original report as fur-
nished by the stenographer to the secretary of
the Association, we find it is just as we
printed it. But any one who gives the mat-
ter any thought at all will readily know that
over one-fourth of comb honey is not comb.
At a guess we should say the proportion of
honey to comb might possibly be as " 16 to
1." And that might be rather more comb
than there really is.

Amerikanisclie Ilienenziiclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

J

How Far Do Bees Fly for
Nectar ?

BY J. E. CHAMBERS

During the past year I have noticed
many inquiries and comments in the
different bee-papers with respect to the
distance bees fly in search of nectar.
To all of these inquiries there has never,
to my certain knowledge, been given a
definite answer. It would seem as if
some of the teachers should be able to
tell us if the time-taught doctrine that
bees seldom fly over \]'z miles in search
of honey is true or not.

Editor Root, in a late number of
Gleanings, gives the result of certain
observations made by him during the
time of their basswood flow. These
observations, though limited in extent
and place, lead him to the conclusion
that bees do not generally go beyond
the distance specified ; however, he says
this was probably due to the fact that
they were able to get all they wanted
within that range. Among all the
writers of note I recall at the present
time only Doolittle and Alexander,
who claim that bees from choice fly
farther than the orthodox \)'z miles.
Of course, there are others who know
that such belief, though time-honored,
is all bosh, and that bees often go over
3 miles, and that, too, when honey can
be had nearer. But many who know,
laugh and let it go — not careless,
merely, but indifferent to the right or
wrong of an idea that gets scattered
broadcast over the wild bee-keeping
world. And I may here remark that
this is also true of many other current,
but nevertheless false ideas. Those
who know are not disposed to correct
false impressions.

During the past 6 years I often have
called the attention of my neighbors to
this idea, that bees go only IJ^ miles,
when the merest novice could see my
bees 3, 4, and even 5 miles from home,
and literally by the thousands, too.
This was easily evident from the fact
that in all the surrounding country
there is not another large apiary, and
neither are there any Carniolan bees
except mine. Aside from this, I have
been peculiarly well situated to make
accurate observations during the past
several seasons.

My home apiary is located on land
covered sparsely with oak timber. To
the east just one mile the sumac
growth, lartje and small, sets in ; the
ground is hilly, sloping gently to the
westward ; ranging far eastward the
country is oue dense sumac thicket.
But to the southwest the ground is
open ZYz miles. At that distance there
rises a high hill, and beyond this
hill there is a very thrifty growth

of sumacs. During the period of sumac
bloom I have observed the bees going
to those sumacs, the line of flight pass-
ing about .-,0 feet to the west of my
door, and I have often watched the
streaming lines of bees moving swiftly
toward this hill, gradually rising in
order to surmount its eminence. At
the foot of this hill the roar of the bees
high in the air can be heard fully a
half mile to either side, and beyond
the thousands of great creamy blooms
are covered with the busy little work-
ers, the silver-gray bands of the Car-
niolans showing up very distinctly
against the creamy white of the flowers.

I have often watched the bees as
they rose from the flowers with their
loads, and whirled upward in a slow
semi-circle, then swiftly darting down-
ward on their homeward flight, nearly
3 miles away.

During all these years the closest
watch has failed to show any great •
flight of bees toward the sumacs on
the east only a mile and over. Why
this is I am not able to tell, but, never-
theless, it is a fact ; at any rate, I know
that they go this greater distance from
pure choice, as it would be the height
of absurdity to imagine that the
sumacs of the same kind growing on
the same kind of soil did not yield
honey in exactly the same locality.
However, I think the location of the
apiary with regard to the surrounding
country has something to do with it.

Another thing I have noticed, which
is, I believe, contrary to the generally
accepted belief. The bees in my home
yard give yields as great as the best
in my out-yards, that, in many cases,
are entirely surrounded by sumacs ;
and this honey is mostly brought from
a distance of 3 miles and more. In
short, my observations have satisfied
me that those who claim that bees go
only I'i miles don't know, have a poor
strain or race of bees, or else there are
many conditions governing these
things about which we know but little.
At any rate, I have learned to despise
a race of bees that are not good for a
crop of honey if it is to be had only
3 miles of them. Choice colonies of
Carniolans gathered 210 pounds of
honey in 14 days, bringing it from a
distance of 3 miles. How is that by
the side of your I'i-mile stock ?

Never in a single instance have I
known my home bees to get less than
the bees in my out-yards ; but if there
were as much as some think in the 1 '2-
mile claims, they could be expected
during the time of sumac bloom to get
almost none, as there are but few
sumacs within less than a mile, and
not a very great many within less than
the limit ; but within 2 miles there is a
great abundance. Concho Co., Tex.

280

April 4, 1907

Beginners— A Queen-Intro-
duction Method

BY WM. M. WHITNEY

The complaints of a beginner, re-
ferred to on page 25, and comments
thereon can not fail to attract the at-
tention of experienced bee-keepers —
especially those who occasionally give
their views on subjects pertaining- to
bee-keeping in some of the papers. It
may be, and doubtless is, true that
many subjects that are discussed by
writers appear of little or no value to
the beginner; but after having had
pre-experience — if he remembers what
he reads — he may make a practical ap-
plication of what at first seemed unin-
telligible. What we read is often
scarcely less valuable, though we may
not be able to put it into immediate
use. Even mere theory sets one to
thinking, and often is of much value.
It is true, doubtless, that the more ad-
vanced apiarists often forget their kin-
dergarten days, and write for the
benefit of the more advanced pupils ;
yet there is something always that
may be appropriated by the novice ;
at least, I have found it so.

Lest I may be liable to the charge of
having talked a great deal and said
nothing, I will stop theorizing and con-
clude by attempting to give the best
method I know of for introducing a
queen. It is a modification of the in-
structions that go with every queen-
cage, and, to me, is of sufficient impor-
tance to be worthy of emphasis. It
may be of use to some beginner during
the season near at hand. I have never
observed it in any work on bee-keep-
ing, nor in any paper, if I'm not mis-
taken. I think that Emerson T, Ab-
bott is entitled to the credit for origi-
nating the idea. At any rate, the first
I ever heard of it was when he gave it
to the members of the Chicago-North-
western Bee-Keepers' Association in
convention in Chicago something over
a year ago, substantially as follows :

When the queen arrives (without re-
moving the protection to the candy)
place the cage over the center of the
brood-frames of the colony whose queen
you desire to supersede ; allow it to re-
main long enough for the bees to be-
come acquainted with the caged queen,
and for her to acquire the scent of the
hive— say 24 to 48 hours ; then remove
the old queen, also the protection to
the candy, and with a pencil, or any-
thing handy, carefully puncture the
candy and place the cage over the
frames again, covering it up, and in the
course of 2 to 4 hours the queen will be
in quiet possession of the brood-cham-
ber.

But queries the beginner, " What's
the advantage of introducing the cage
before removing the old queen ?"
There is this advantage (and in the
season of greatest brood-rearing it is
very important)— it gives the colony
the benefit of her egg-laying during
the time the caged queen is becoming
acquainted, so that there is no slacking
of brood-rearing at a time when a large
force of workers may be very much
needed.

Again, should a number of queens
be received at a time when not conven-

American ^ae Journal

lent to attend to the work of requeen-
ing, or the weather should be unpro-
pitious, the cages may be placed over
the frames of the respective colonies
till a convenient time to do the work,
which may then be done as above
directed, remembering all the time to
examine carefully for the formation of
queen-cells, which, of course, should
be removed to insure success.
Evanston, 111.

Bee-Keeping in California

BY PROF. A. J. COOK

Dr. Wilson and son have come here
from Chicago for the sake of health,
and ask some pertinent questions re-
garding bee-keeping in this section.
They desire to be much out-of-doors,
and wish to find some pleasant employ-
ment that may occupy their hands, and
at the same time receive same financial
returns for their labor. Our friends
have done well to come to this region,
especially if they have lung trouble.
Here we can live out-of-doors, virtually,
winter and summer, and diseased lungs
must be pretty bad that can still cling
to disease in the face of such out-of-
door life. I know of many who have
come here with serious lung ailments
who are now well and vigorous. Out-
door air is the great panacea for in-
cipient tuberculosis and asthma, and
those who are suffering from either of
these diseases find the dry, pure air of
Southern California a very great, and
ofttimes absolute relief. In case of
tuberculosis, people from the East who
come here in time, and exercise reason-
able care after they get here, are almost
sure to make good and speedy recovery.

The first question that Dr. Wilson
asks is : What can one hope to gain
net per colony, in case of intelligent
management ? I am glad that he
added the last, as very much depends
here, as elsewhere, upon the energy
and skill that one gives to the business.
I know of an able bee-keeper who has
kept bees here many years and his
record is about 75 pounds of honey per
colony per year. As he has averaged
about 6 cents per pound for his honey,
it is easy to compute what he has
secured. Some years the profits are
very great — greater than anywhere else
I know of in the world. But over
against this we must remember that
not infrequently, because of slight
rainfall, there are no profits at all ;
and sometimes such seasons are not
single, though I have never known but
two failures to come in succession, and
one of those was not absolute. The
worst is not yet though, for in these
seasons of greatest honey dearth, the
bees must be fed, and so there is not
only no gain, but absolute loss.

Dr. Wilson's second question had to
do with method. He asked if it would
be better to engage with some bee-
keeper for a year and take what he
might be able to get for his service, or
buy a few colonies and commence at
once " on his own hook." Without
doubt he would learn faster by the first
method, and perhaps would be as rich
at the end of the year, but there is a
pleasure in working the thing out for
one's self, and by thoroughly reading

the best bee-books and taking one or
two good bee-papers he might hope —
certainly after visiting one or two good
apiaries, and observing carefully the
work with the bees — to get on without
making any very serious blunder, espe-
pecially if he had some bee-keeper near
by with whom to counsel if the case
required.

These friends wished also to know
how many colonies I should advise
them to purchase in case they con-
cluded togo ahead at once. I answered
10, and certainly not more than 20.
The coming season, because of our
generous rains, promises to be admir-
able, and if one started with 20 colo-
nies and cared not to secure much
honey the first jear, it would not be
difficult to increase these to 60 colo-
nies or more the first year ; and thus,
another season, he would be able to
have a fairly good-sized apiary, when
he could again work for honey or in-
crease, as would most suit his pleasure.

I was also asked to give the probable
expense, kind of hive, and location
that I would advise. I replied that I
had known good colonies in desirable
hives to be purchased at S5 each, and
that I did not think that he ought to be
obliged to pay much more than that
for good, strong colonies. I urged
that he take special pains to see that
there was no foul brood in the colonies
purchased.

In case one works only for increase
the other expenses need not be great
for the first year. A good smoker, bee-
hat, and other necessary implements
are not expensive, and, besides these,
there would be little else than the
hives.

I also strongly recommended that he
adopt the Langstroth hive, with the
Langstroth frame ; not that these were
necessarily any better than some of
the other hives, but they are doubtless
as good, and, being most used, have
more to recommend them than any
other hive that I know of.

As to location, I made only two
points : One is, care to be in the midst
of good forage, preferably near the
mountains; and, second, to be as far
from other bee-keepers as possible,
though this last is not so important in
California as in other sections. When
we have good honey seasons there is
so much nectar that we find bees do
well even though somewhat crowded.
I should wish to have an abundance of
sage (both black and white), and should
like to have these not only on the
plains and mesas, but should like to
have them extend well up into the can-
yons, that the honey season, always
long here, might be further extended.
It is also very desirable to be in the re-
gion of large orchards, for the nectar
from such source is always valuable
for stimulation if not for market.

Vai,dB of Honky' and Beks.

I have often remarked that honey is
very valuable food, that we must have
some form of sugar and starch in our
nutrition. No carbohydrate ranks above
honey in its food-value, therefore bees,
in giving us one of the very best arti-
cles of food, are always to be recom-
mended, and I am always glad to rec-
ommend bee-keeping where there is

April 4, 1907

2Sl

reasonable expectation of success.
Bees are much more valuable in pol-
linating plants, without which work
agriculture would be a sad failure.

There is a third point worthy of men-
tion : It takes people out-of-doors, and

American ^ec Journal

so is health-friving-. This is specially
to be desired by ladies who, in this,
find work that is not too taxing to their
strength, and yet gives the needed
fresh air and outdoor exercise.
Claremont, Calif.

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Bees With Pollen Lying Dead.

A pretty humble apology I owe to
that poet, if bee-keepers — lots of them
— have seen bees with pollen lying
dead near the hives on chill days. The
fact that I had not seen it (or thought
I had not) doesn't let me out any. Poet
had a perfect right to say so, if it is a
thing to be seen to any extent. Never-
theless, I thank the Boss for suggest-
ing mercy (instead of immediate execu-
tion) on account of my locality. The
pollen season is right at hand, and I
must watch out to see if I can not no-
tice the same — and settle it whether it
is locality or obliviousness that led me
astray. Page 205.

own apiary is by the old apple-trees
and old ornamental trees of an old
homestead, and I do not own the
ground there. Brother inherited that.
Not far away are nice thick woods
which I do own. Great gain in one re-
spect should I move. But whatever
would I do with my ocean of swarms
there 7 With better wintering I'm
convinced there wouldn't be quite so
many. Page 131.

Don't Extract from Foul-Broody
Combs.
I gladly second Mr. Byer's protest
against using foul-broody combs to ex-
tract from. The people are half awake
on such subjects now, and looking
around for impurities and unclean-
nesses. Let's clean our own Chicago
stock-yards out, before they turn the
lime-light and the laws loose on us.
Page 133.

Location for an Out-Apiary.

E. D. Townseud, in a splendid paper,
thinks that to get a tip-top location for
the out-apiary, it may pay to put it off
as far as a day's ride by railroad. For
another thing, he seems to think clay
soil the best for us — providing south-
ern Michigan be the location and
clovers the crop. I think so, too. Alas,
I'm on sand ! I'm not exactly in Michi-
gan, but my bees sometimes are, I
reckon. If the raspberry honey of
northern Michigan is white, and that
of southern Michigan a good way off
from being white, that is a little curi-
ous— although not at all incredible.

Going inside thick woods and clear-
ing just space enough for the apiary is
a taking scheme — paying scheme, if in
one season it put SO colonies ahead to
the amount of $160. Bees will un-
doubtedly winter and spring much bet-
ter in such a spot. But my glasses
have the word " swarms " scratched on
them. Wouldn't prefer 100 swarms
shut down to the choice of forest tree-
tops or no place at all. This, by the
way, is a personal point with me. My

Skunks and Bees.

The puzzle alluded to on page 134,
ought not to be a hard one — why the
skunk confines his attentions to the
colonies he has been to before. I often
feed bees at the entrance after night-
fall, and thump them out, lest they
fail to find the feed. Often it is a long,
hard job to get them out the first time.
After a few such experiences they
come promptly and with a rush. Well,
now, Peter 1 it will have to be con-
fessed that coming out to eat and com-
ing out to be eaten are not the same
identical thing. But the general effect
is the same. Bees often disturbed at
night (as long as they have half a force
left) are prompt to come out. And Sir
Strong Essences, having a lazy streak
about him, is disinclined to the delay
and extra scratching it takes to get the
others out.

Some Swarming.

We read on page 137, that Mr. As-
pinwall had last year 10 swarms from
40 colonies. That stumps me again.
Somehow I got it in my mind that he
didn't have any. No " great shakes,"
if the above report is right ! Some
years if you tried your best to make
colonies in common hives swarm, you
wouldn't get so many as 10 from 40.

losses, in cold weather. Keeping warm
pre-eminently a matter of economy
with bees. Anda colonyof beesdoesn't
compare well with a fire, or even with
a lamp, as a commercial source of
heat. Page 136.

Pure Blood and Drone Progeny.

And now a writer on page 138 says
we must trace pure blood by the drone
progeny. It's not for me to scoff ; but
I should say that was pretty high doc-
trine. Perhaps common folks might
be pardoned for holding off until a con-
siderable body of experts agree to that.
Get some " brethren " in your empty
church before you ask us to " jine."

Heat from Colony Below a Super.

It is true, as D. J. Pawletta found,
that a strong colony below does not do
nearly as much as we would expect to
keep honey in a super above from get-
ting cold. I have often noticed it —
and sort o' kicked at nothing on the
subject. I guess the explanation is
that we figure much too largely on the
total amount of heat which a colony
has in store lor any possible uses, or

Honey-Butter and Pure-Food Law.

It may be the rendering now given
to the pure-food law does here and
there go a little " into the pictures " in
forbidding certain words to be used at
all concerning compounds whether
they describe correctly or not. The
butter crowd are powerful, and possi-
bly a little ugly— and possibly our
officials are a trifle too much " afeared "
of them. Not sure things are getting
to that pass, but have kind o' smelt it,
that the word " butter " was to be held
too sacred to be used at all except the
article were pure — and also unmingled,
and untreated. But even if the charges
are partly true a little annoyance for a
while may well be borne. Considering
how long we have been waiting for the
chance, we should be glad to bear
something. Things will come right
eventually to every honest maker. If
apple-butter and peach-butter have to
give up their " butter," honey-butter
need not waste many tears. If honey
mixed with butter can not be called
"honey-butter," call it" Honey— and,"
with not a letter more — and a shrewd
pusher of products wouldn't ask for
any more captivating label. Page 146.

Honey as a HeaUh-Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. MiUer. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for J2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for S7.50.
Your business card printe.. free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

April 4, 1907

American Hee Journal

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Bees in a Dining-Room Decoration

Mr. C.G. Chevalier sends the follow-
ing item :

Mrs. Spender Clay is very busy just now
with the decorating of her house on Berlieley
Square, London. She has secured a mantel-
piece for the dining-room which is quaint, if
not beautiful. It represents a bear being
chased by a swarm of iDees, and the carving is
down to details. Each particular bee repre-
sents much labor and skill.

If the artist had been at all faithful
in his representation, what an inter-
esting study this would be. Good
thing that Mrs. Clay's artistic tastes
run bee-ward instead of in some other
directions; but how much more inter-
esting she would find the real little
creatures in full life.

Honey-Sandwiches

Chop together English walnuts and
raisins in equal proportions. To each
cup of this mixture add 2 tablespoons
of honey and 1 of orange juice. Spread
between lightly buttered slices of
cream bread and cut into dainty
shapes. — Good HouseKeeping.

A Sister's Success With Poultry

It is undoubtedly a breach of trust to
put in print, without permission, part
of a private letter ; but the temptation
is too strong to be resisted to give as a
text the following extract from a late
letter of Miss Frances E. Wheeler, of
New York State, under date of Jan. 28 :

Dear Miss Wilson : — We have had a very
uncommonly cold winter; but bees and birds
are fine. Our 27 White Holland turkeys are
sleeping in a woodshed and thriving with the
mercury below zero for days, and at one time
40 below. Not a toe is even frosted ! We are
running 200-odd ducks, and in 2 of our houses
have not lost a bird; in the other, jnst 3
young ones. That is a remarkable record;
but I don't expect you to appreciate it as
much as if I'd got off a big thing on bees.
Frances E. Wheelek.

That's the text : now the sermon — at
least the application :

Since a sister who shows herself so
successful and capable in the poultry
business has told us on page SO that in
the struggle for continued existence
bet ween the bees and one branch of
the chicken business, the bees won, it
seems very evident that there must be
something either quite profitable or
quite fascinating, or both, in the busi-
ness of bee-kteping for women.

Bee-Keeping Woman's Work

The new book, " The Bee-Master of
Warrilow," has a chapter entitled,
"Chloe Among the Bees." A woman
of philanthropic turn has established a
bee-farm which seems to furnish occu-
pation for quite a number of the gen-
tler sex, and she thus explains the ob-
ject of her enterprise :

" This is an attempt, and, we believe, a real
solution to a very real difficulty. There are
thousands of educated women in the towns
who have to earn their own bread; and they
do it usually by trying to compete with men
in walks of life for which they are wholly un-
suited. Now, why do they not come out into
the pure air and quiet of the countryside, and
take up any one of several pursuits open there
to a refined, well-bred woman i Everywhere
the laborers are forsaking the land and
crowding into the cities. This is a farmers'
problem with which, of course, women have
nothing to do. The rough, heavy work in
the cornfields must always be done either by
men or machinery. But there are certain
employments, even in the country, that
women can invariabl.y undertake better than
men, and beekeeping is one of them. The
work is light. It needs just that delicacy
and deftness of touch that only a woman can

bring to it. It is profitable. Above all, there
is nothing about it, from first to last, of an
objectionable character, demanding mascu-
line interference. In poultry-farming, good
as it is for women, there must always be a
stony-hearted man about the place to do un-
namable necessary things in a fluffy back-
shed. But bee-keeping is clean, clever,
humanizing, open-air work — essentially
woman's work all through.''

Speaking of one girl who seemed to
awaken especial admiration in the mind
of the visitors, the bee mistress said :

" That girl came to me out of a London
office a year ago, an;i'mic, pale as the paper
she typed on all day for a living. Now she is
well and strong, and almost as brown as the
bees she works among so willingly. All my
girls here have come to me from time to time
in the same way out of the towns, forsaking
indoor employment that was surely stunting
all growth of mind and body. And there are
thousands who would do the same to-morrow,
if only the chance could be given them.''

Here is a picture of what was seen in
the apiary :

" Here and there in the shade-dappled
pleasance figures were moving about, busily
at work among the hives, figures of women
clad in irim Holland blouses, and wearing
bee-veils, through which only a dim guess at
the face beneath could be hazarded. Laugh-
ter and talk went to and fro in the sun-steeped
quiet of the place; and one of the fair bee-
gardeners near at hand— young and pretty, I
could have sworn, although her blue-gauze
veil disclosed provokingly little — was singing
to herself, as she stooped over an open hive,
and lifted the crowded brood-frames one by
one up into the light of day."

I wonder how many of the sisters
sing while working over an open hive.
But isn't it a pretty picture? The
whole chapter, as well as the rest of
the book, is beautifully written, and
although it would hardly do for a text-
book, it is very pleasant reading.

rfes

Rcf IcctioiiiS^ ^, B

California Bcc-Kceper ^J(f^

liT W. A. t^KTAL, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

Honey and the " Yellow " Press

An editorial iu Gleanings states that
"the honey-business is not the only
one which suffers from the yellow
press." As the Ladies' Home Journal,
and several others of that ilk have
been called to account at divers times
by the aforesaid editor for publishing
untruths about the honey-business, I
suppose Editor Bok, of the aforemen-
tioned ladies' publication, is a yellow
journalist, and his paper a deep-dyed
saffron sheet, too. Let's take up a
subscription and buy a load of chemi-
cals and present the purchase to the
Ladies' Home Journal, that the Curtis
Publishing Co. may remove the offen-
sive color from their paper. And while
we are about it, we may help the other

papers to get rid df the nasty color,
also.

From a long, practical experience
with daily newspaper work, I can say
that no paper, daily or otherwise, re-
viles an industry for the very lust of
lying. No reputable publisher wishes
to tell an untruth about an industry,
for it is not good policy in the first
place. Some managers, however, make
it a rule of their office to let a misstate-
ment of fact go uncorrected rather
than let the readers know that it was
in error. This may be good policy for
the paper ; morally, it is not.

I am not an apologist for sensational
journalism, but we must give some of
these publications the credit of leading
the strongest fight ever made by the
daily press of the country against the

April 4, 1907

283

[American Hee Journal J

evil of drunkness. And it has been
done by the page— a whole page in bold
type at a time. And there are other
evils it has fearlessly attacked, too,
one of the greatest being the trusts.
Let the good work progress.

Hives In California

How the hive question crops up ever
and anon. And well it may. We have
what we call a " Standard " frame in

Hive No. 1.

America, but, to my mind, it was a
badly chosen one — one that will have
to give way to a more common-sense
one in years perhaps not so far distant.
I believe if it were not for the hive-

frame thru.st upon us. But we must
grin and bear it until the factories
come together and give us something
better.

This calls up the factory versus the
home-made hive. I've tried both. 'Tis
an interesting' occupation to make
one's own hive*, and I've done it ; and,
unfortunately perhaps, I did not let
my hand and fingers come in contact
with a buzz-saw. Maybe that's one
reason why I never got over the bee-
fever during these 40 years and more.
If I were asked what I would rather
have, a factory hive or one made by
myself, I would answer : If you could
give me a factory hive without so many
parts to it, I would rather have the
factory hive. For simplicity, I would
rather have a hive made after my own
idea — and it would be perfect.

Perhaps if I were running a planing
mill in the East, where wide boards are
not so common as they are here, I
would be compelled, for economy's
sake, to work up a lot of odds and ends,
and thereby turn out a hive with as
many pieces to it as had Joseph's coat.
I like the old-fashioned hive with a sin-
gle-piece bottom-board ; ditto for a
cover. The latter could be enhanced
by having a piece of prepared roofing
tacked upon it. Leaky roofs are an
abomination. I've had to contend with
them, and although they are not so bad

on the bees here as they are in worse
climates, still it is far better to have
tight covers.

Any old box with good rabbets for
the frames to rest upon with tight
cover, single-piece bottom-board, and
uniform frames is all that is needed to
build up a successful apiary. Of course,
I should have every other " old box"
like its brother. There's nothing like
interchangeability in the bee-yard.
That's one thing to the great credit of
the factories — they make all parts
alike.

I herewith furnish 2 photographs pf
home-made hives from 2 apiaries in
California. In No. 1 we have a hive
built pretty much upon lines laid down
by Prof. Cook some years ago in his
valuable work on bee-culture. D It was
somewhat modified, as the user had an
extractor that used the size frame it
was designed to take. The hive is plain
as plain can be, and has given satis-
faction for a score of years. The colo-
nies in these hives are run for ex-
tracted honey.

In No. 2 is shown a solidly built
Langstroth hive, and like the usual
California " home of the honey-bee,"
it is not built for its good looks. The
bees seem to appreciate them just the
same, for they load them up to the gun-
wales when run for either comb or ex-
tracted honey.

onvention
Proceedings

/it.

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held In San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

Hive No. 2.

factories, which, for the most part, are
not run by practical apiarists, we
would not have such an ill-shaped

The opening session was held Thurs-
day, November 8, 1906, at 8 o'clock, p.
m., President C. P. Dadant, of Illinois,
occupying the chair. Mr. W. Z. Hutch-
inson, the Secretary, being unable to
attend the convention, Mr. George W.
York of Illinois, was elected Acting Sec-
retary of the Association.

Pres. Dadant called the meeting to
order, then the following address of
welcome was made by Pres. W. O.
Victor, of the Texas Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation :

PRES. VICTOR'S ADDRESS

"Texas is the greatest bee-keepers'
State in the Union. It is the greatest
in a great many other things. Texas
raises more cotton, more rice, more cat-
tle, than any other State; has a fine
flow of oil, and is rich in mineral de-
posits. It has as much to make the
people prosperous as any State in the
Union. San Antonio is known all over
the State as the best residence city in
the State. The banks of the City have
more money in their vaults than any

other Te.xas city. It is of great his-
torical interest, and we will have more
of it to show you before you leave. We
welcome you to the best city in the
best State in the United States, and
invite you to become citizens of it."

A response was made by Pres. Da-
dant, saying the bee-keepers outside of
the State of Texas were glad to meet
in the South, as but once before in
the 35 years' history of the Association
had it met so far South, and that meet-
ing was held in New Orleans, La., in
188s.

As there was very little business to
discuss the first night, the question-
box was opened, but before that was
done, at the request of N. E. France,
Dr. IJohrer, of Kansas, one of the two
charter members of the Association
present, was called upon to deliver a
short address, which was as follows:

DR. BOHRER'S ADDRESS

I am a good deal like a gentleman
was, that one time went into church,
and was somewhat intoxicated. He
sat down and went to sleep. At the
close of the services the minister de-
sired all to stand up that wanted to go
to Heaven. All stood up except this
man. He woke up about this time ani

April 4, 1907

American ^ae Journal

the minister asked all those that did
not want to go to Heaven to stand up.
The man didn't know exactly what the
question was, but said, "Parson you and
I are fearfully in the minority ;" so I
am fairly in the minority, and I do
not know what was talked about.

I was a bee-keeper in the State of
Indiana, and moved from there in 1873
to Kansas, which was not adapted at
that time to bee-keeping. Many of the
flowers were non - honey - producing
plants. Now we have thousands of
acres of alfalfa in Kansas. The weeds
grow and the bees take possession of
it, and gather a good deal of honey from
it. Like Texas, Kansas is getting to
be one of the best honey-producing
States.

I am certainly glad to visit the State
of Texas. It has been more than 40
years since I was here, and it is not
so warm as it was then. I have had
a warm reception, but not so warm as
I had then. I happened to be a soldier,
and was probably in the last engage-
ment of the war, at Brownsville, Texas.
There was one man killed. I was
in the medical department of my regi-
ment. Another soldier, a Texan, was
dangerously wounded. Both were
splendid men, and each had a wife and
six children at home, and I never will
forget the conversation I had with the
wounded rnan. ■ I went into the hospital
and he said, "I suppose you are one
of the doctors." Then he said, "Will
I be neglected because I am a Con-
federate soldier?" I said, "Not a par-
ticle, you and I are not responsible,"
and that I was but one of those who had
to settle the great question, and that
we did not hold a personal grudge.
Since then the North and the South
have united. I never think of Texas
but what I think of that unfortunate
occurrence. There was a gulf between
the two sections of the country at that
time that seemed to be impossible to
fill up and bridge over. Now, tonight
I don't think there is a man here or
elsewhere but what would be willing
to concede that it is not only bridged
over, but almost entirely obliterated.

The daughter of the Confederate sol-
dier falls in love with the son of the
Federal soldier, and they are mixing
up and making the grandest people the
world ever knew. No other country has
ever reached that high degree of civili-
zation that has built it up, but the end
has not come yet; everything, like bee-
keeping, is in its infancy. 'When bee-
keeping was introduced in this country,
it was my lot to buy the first queen
that was ever purchased in the State
of Indiana. The people did not know
what that meant,— the idea of sending
off and getting a select queen and in-
troducing it to a black colony of bees;
that it would change that colony to
a colony of Italian bees! Why, the
man that considered this idea was not
considered of sound mind, and they
laughed at me. I was a physician, and
several families refused to employ me.
But after I had succeeded they would
come 15 and 20 miles to see my bees.
and one man said, "the blamed fool
has ar*-'ally done it!" I paid $1000 for
that queen, and I paid $20.00 for the
second one. We have advanced in the

matter of queen breeding so the finest
queens can be bred for $5.00.

I want to say to you that I am not
engaged in the business of bee-keeping
with the hopes of making a single dol-
lar, but I do hope and e.xpect to bene-
fit somebody, and engaged in that pur-
suit for pastime. I. l^ve only about
30 colonies but they keep me busy.

I want to say that a great many Italian
bees in this country are not so good as
the bees from Mr. Langstroth. We are
too careless as to how we handle them.
We take great pride in advising with
a man who wants to do the best he
can. If you can breed two superior
and distinct breeds, don't breed them
less than 20 miles apart. There is
something in the Carniolan blood that
makes them a little crosser than I want
bees to be. I have gotten from one of the
best queen-breeders in the United
States", and from a gentleman of the
South, too, a Carniolan queen. I vs^ent
on for some length of time, thinking
it was due to some imperfection of the
queen; the brood would begin to die,
and keep on from the time they began
to hatch ; many of the queens did not
fly. I simply pounded the life out of
that queen and gave them brood from
another queen that I got from a Ten-
nessee queen breeder. I say to you,
gentlemen, that there is great danger
of this thing happening in this country,
and in my opinion this has gone on
long enough. If the queens are worthy
of being introduced, let them be tested,
and don't you breed them less than 12
to IS miles apart.

QUESTION-BOX.

"Will a list of bee-keepers' names be
printed for distribution, as at Chicago?"

Pres. Dadant — I make this explana-
tion, that it costs us a little each year
to make this distribution; our daily
papers are only too glad to report who
were at this convention.

Mr. France — Last year there was a
motion that but two answer a question
briefly and decidedly. I don't think
that is the intent this year, but to make
the question-box the most important of
the whole meeting.

Mr. York — That was done near the
close of the last session, and because
our program was long. We lacked
time.

1906 HONEY CROP IN TEXAS.

"How many carloads of honey did
Texas produce this season?"

Pres. Dadant — That is a question for
our Texas bee-keepers to answer. I
would like to hear from them.

Mr. Victor — Texas did not have a
heavy crop this year. I think it was all
shipped locally, and it would be hard
to say exactly. Some seasons we ship
a good many carloads, but I did not
try to make an estimate this year. Pos-
sibly Mr. Toepperwein could give us
the information.

Mr. Toepperwein — Mr. Atwater is up
on this. He can tell us.

Mr. Atwater — I can hardly answer
the question, because the season is not
quite over yet. I think at the close
of the season we will make a very
good report.

FEEDING QUEEN-LARVAE.

"How long do bees feed the larva
before the queen-cell is sealed? Does
the age of the larva have anything to
do with it?"

H. Piper — I would like to say that in
Texas it takes only 4 days. Then again,
the age of the larva has something to
do with it. If 1 use a larva over 4
days, it does not take so long.

Mr. Dadant— Mr. Root, let us hear
from you on this subject.

H. H. Root — These queen-breeders
can answer this question better than I.

Mr. Victor— I don't like to talk on
every subject. I think, though, in a
matter of this kind, it would be as the
first gentleman said. It is from the
time the larva hatches, or until it is
sealed as a queen. I would say from
the time it hatches from the egg into
the larva would be between 5^2 and
6 days, and usually about 4^ days
after it is transferred from the queen-
cell before it is sealed over.

J. E. Chambers — I wish to say that
my experience is limited. I find that
a larva is used from 12 to 14 hours.

Progress in Getting Better-Natured
Bees.

"Has there been any real progress in
getting better-natured bees vifithin the
last ten years?"

Mr. France — I think there has been
progress in the bee-keeper being better-
natured in handling the bee.

Mr. Hilton — There is no question in
my mind but there has been progress.
The bee-keepers do not retrograde, and
they either advance or else they do
retrograde as do all institutions, and
from that standpoint I say there has
been progress. I know that I got good
results by introducing new blood into
the apiary annually. It is one of the
best investments a man can make, con-
sequently I answer in the affirmative,
that there has been progress made in
the bettering of the nature of our
queens and bees in the last ten years,
in accordance with the question asked.

Mr. Aten — I do not believe they have.
I believe the gentleman was just talk-
ing about the people, that some people
get better blood amongst their black
bees, but I cannot see that the new
blood they are introducing is as good
as the bees we had ten years ago.

Mr. Hilton — I certainly take excep-
tions to the gentleman's stand, and I
say that we do get more gentle bees by
introducing new strains of gentle blood,
and I am sure I can bring to bear the
experience of other men that have in-
troduced a more gentle strain. I am
glad the gentleman called me out, I
like discussions, and it is good for us;
it is good for us to dwell together in
harmony while there is harmony in
good, honest discussion, and there is in-
formation, and there are those of us
who have come 2,000 miles that don't
care to go home with empty minds, but
we may go home with empty pockets.
I want to say that I have been taught
something while here.

Mr. Adkins — I believe that the intro-
duction of new blood has made our bees
better-natured. I was not a bee-keeper
20 years ago, but I heard my neighbors

April 4, 1907

2S5

American l^ee Journal

talk about bees, and they said my bees
were Keiitlc compared to those that they
had then.

Mr. Atcn — I differ from those gentle-
men in this way: I say that I had just
as gentle bees ten years ago as I have
today; I say there were just as gentle
bees in the United States as I have
today, and I will stick to that.

Mr. Coggshall — Mr. President, my ex-
perience has been that my bees have
been crosscr by every blood that I have
introduced. I have had bees from dif-
ferent queen-breeders, and I take it no
better blood.

Mr. Parsons — I can see, as I under-
stand, applying to the last ten years,
that there has been an improvement in
the bee's gentleness. My experience is
that it is an unknown quantity when
you introduce a new race, or a new
blood, as to whether that will be an im-
provement in the crossing of blood ; but
there has doubtless been great improve-
ment, and there are constant improve-
ments in the rearing of queens and cut-
ting out of ill bees. And there is where
the great improvement is made, cutting
out the ill bees instead of trying to
get a new cross by introducing new
blood ; and where I find a queen on a
colony of bees that is ill I do away with
that queen ; and a cross of one race
with another, so far as I have observed,
almost invaribly makes an ill-natured
bee, and is hard to handle.

Dr. Bohrer — I will say that 42 years
ago, in 1864, I got my first Italian
queens, and I used to handle those
bees without any protection whatever
on my face and hands ; but in 1901,
when I again fell into line with the
bee-keepers, I did not find it that way.
The bees were cross, and stung me on
every side if possible, but not always.
Those bees that I speak of 42 years
ago, once in awhile they would sting
me, but on other days they would not ;
but I never undertake such a thing now
as to handle them without my face and
hands well protected, and sometimes
they do not sting me at all while other
times may be 100 will sting me, but
whether it is due to the climatic in-
fluence or the nature of the bee I am
unable to say. These good bees were
rare in Indiana, but I do know that
they are crosser as a rule. I have got
rid of some of those cross bees by in-
troducing a new .strain, but taking it
all in all I doubt whether I have suc-
ceeded. I say, push it to its fullest
extent, so that nobody will be deceived,
and if they prove as good as I think
they will, as good honey-producers and
not so good-natured, it would be wise
to adopt them, but it would be prema-
ture to conclude that they were an im-
provement upon another bee in disposi-
tion ; they may be, but will they prove
to be a profit? I don't think we are
prepared to answer this question.

Mr. Kemper — I think I made an ad-
vancement so far as gentleness is un-
derstood. Is it to introduce a bee that
will not sting, or one better-natured?
I don't believe that I have made an
advancement as to introducing a gentle
strain of bees.

Mr. Smith — Now the question is. Has
any progress been made in improving

the gentlencbs of the bees by breeding
for that result? I want to ask the
queen-rearers, I low many of you have
bred queens f. .i- that single purpose?
I, as a rule, have iound that most queen-
rearers have brru breeding queens for
color, and lon^' luiigue and honey-gath-
ering. Now, conditions depend a great
deal upon the gentleness of the bees.
Take a year like this, in Illinois you
never saw bees crosser than they are
this year. I visited probably 1,000
apiaries over the State and I want to
say there were very few places I was
not secure as to hands and face and
sometimes it was almost impossible to
control them with dense smoke. I
think it depends a good deal upon con-
ditions. That has been my experience.

Mr. Reed — So far as the queen-breed-
ers of Texas are concerned, I am bound
to take the negative side of this ques-
tion, so far as those I have patronized.
I don't believe that the breeders of
Texas are breeding as gentle a race as
they did a few years ago. I attribute
it to the Cyprian blood they are intro-
ducing.

E. J. Atchley — I think that question
can be answered in one word. There
has been progress made, and it seems
to me that queen-breeders ought to
answer this. If they think it is the part
of the honey-producers to answer this,
from my own part I think there have
been improvements within the last ten
years in the rearing of queen-bees.

Mr. Jouno — I think it is due to hav-
ing better facilities for handling bees,
and a better understanding of them. As
to ten years ago, it seems to me they are
more gentle.

Mr. Chambers — I wish to say that for
my own work within the past 6 years
I have used improved Carniolan queens,
and they produce strong honey-gatherers.
There has not been a year that I have
not introduced new stock, and I find
them to be more gentle than when I
allow them to run on for several years.

O. P. Hyde — I have had some ex-
perience in the queen-breeding business
for several years, and I have had several
races. I had a yard with 5-bandcd and
3-banded, the Carniolan, Italian and
Holyland, and my experience has been
that where I stuck to the Italian bees
1 have improved the gentleness consid-
erably over the black bees; but where
I find a breeder that recommends the
Cyprian and gets them mixed up with
other bees, they are a very cross bee.
I know this by experience. I went to
a Cyprian colony and I know by ex-
perience they will sting. If we will
stick to the Italian bees, I claim that
the gentleness is considerably better
than it was ten years ago.

Mr. Victor — In answer to Mr. J. Q.
Smith, as queen-breeder, I would like
to say that the first thing I consider is
selecting a queen-mother with the
honey-gathering qualities first; looks
next, and gentleness for the third place;
and I will say that I used to breed
three different strains of Italians, tha
I called improved Italians; then home''
bred Italians, and then the goldens. I
decided the goldens had nothing but
looks, and I quit them, and since then
I have bred the 3-banded Italians, and
I think I have better results in queens
and honey-gatherers also.

(Continued next week.)

uestion-Bgx"

Send Questions either to the cilice of the American bee Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

^^ Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Prevention of Swarming-Getting
Most Surplus Honey

1. How would .vou prevent swarming? I
have 15 colonies and they do nothing but
swarm. I give them supers with starters,
and they will go up and till 2 or 3 sections
and then swarm. One of my colonies swarmed
4 times in a week and a half. What would
you do to stop them from swarming?

2. And what kind of hive would you advise
me to use?

3. How can I get the most surplus honey?

Minnesota.

Answers. — 1. It is not an easy thing to
prevent a first or prime swarm. Perhaps
what will suit you as well as any way is to
allow the first swarm to issue, and then pre-
vent atterswarms in the following way : Set
the swarm on the ^tand of the mother colony,
putting the old hive close up beside it, both
hives facing in the same direction. A week

later move the old hive to some new place 6
feet or more away. That's all; the bees will
do the rest, and you are not likely to have
any further swarming from a colony thus
treated.

2. The best thing is a hive with movable
frames, and it matters little how simple. For
success does not so much depend upon the
hive as it does upon the man and the pastur-
age. Perhaps as good as any for you is the
plain lO-frarae hive that you will find listed
in the catalogs under the name of " 10-frame
dovetailed hive."

3. That's a thing that can not be told in a
few words. The main object of every number
of this publication is to help toward getting
more honey, and the bee-books are all for the
same purpose. So you can hardly expect me
to tell in a few lines what occupies hundreds
of pages. It will do no harm, however, to
say that the chief thing on your part is to do
all you can to get all colonies strong
enough for the harvest, and to keep them

April 4, 1907

American Hae Journal

strong. You will see that the answer I have
given to your first question runs in this line.
If your bees are all divided up by excessive
swarming, you can not expect much surplus.
But by proceeding according to the first an-
swer you will keep nearly all the force with
the first swarm, and that's the one that will
give you the honey. A couple of days after
hiving the swarm, you will take the surplus
arrangement from the old hive and put it over
the hive containing the swarm.

Dental Wax

What is the difference between dental wax
and ordinary beeswax, if any >. If so, how do
you prepare the dental wax?

Rhode Island.

Answer.— I don't know. I think the prin-
cipal ingredient is beeswax, but I suspect
other things are also in it. Perhaps some of
our dentist friends will tell us.

Protecting Bees With Tar- Paper

How can I protect my bees after putting
them out of the cellar, with tar-paper* and
when should it be put on, when taken off
and what is accomplished for the benefit of
the bees? Xowa.

_ Answer.— Whatever protection of the kind
IS given should be given iustassoonas pos-
sible after the bees are taken out, as it is
iikely to be colder then than afterward The
time for taking off depends upon the weather ■
no harm to leave it on until fruit-bloom or
even till the first bloom is seen on clover The
advantage is that the bees are kept warmer
especially cold nights. Just how much that
advantage is it would be hard to say, no re-
ports being yet given as to comparative re-
sults with and without protection. While
probably very few practise such protection,
some think it wise to protect supers throueh-
out the season.

Profiably Bee-Moth Larvae

What is the matter with my bees' They
are golden Italians. I just ordered the queen
from Florida. I see from 3 to a dozen young
bees, which look as if they were just hatched
dragged out on the alighting-board every
morning. Some of them are not yet quite
dead. The ground in front is covered with
dead bees. They are not starved for they
have honey in the hive. What is a remedy ?

Arkansas.

Answer.— If you will examine the frames
you will likely find that the larva; of the bee-
moth have built their galleries through the
combs, not killing the young bees in the cells
but injuring them enough so the older bees
throw them out. Probably they will come
out all right if you will let them entirely
alone, but if you like you can help the bees to
clean out the unwelcome intruders. Take a
pin or a sharp-pointed nail and prick a hole
in one end of the silken gallery; then begin
at the other end, tearing open the gallery as
you go, and the worm will pretty soon crawl
out, and then you have your choice as to
what death you wish it to die. One way is to
let it drop on a hive-cover and then mash it.

Getting Straight Comb from Starters
in Wired Frames

My boy and myself wired about 200 Hoff-
man frames with the intention of putting in
full sheets of brood foundation. Suppose I
put in only starters an inch or 2 in depth ;
will I get reasonably straight combs, or will
the bees build on one side of the wires? In
other words, having wired frames is it neces-
sary to use full sheets in order to get straight
combs? New York.

Answer.- Some claim that when there is

only a starter in a wired frame, the bees wil
build down their comb so as to make the wire
come in the septum of the comb. I would
not like to be too positive about it, having
had little direct experience in the matter, but
I tfdiilt- that without foundation they steer
the septum .'traight for the center of the
earth, and if the wire happens to come in that
line it will be in the septum, ortherwise not.
Whether your frames are wired or not, with
an inch starter you may count on reasonably
straight combs, except that they will be some-
what corrugated, provided hives are level
from side to side. But are you willing to run
the risk of having as much drone-comb as the
bees are likely to build without foundation?
In the long run, I suspect you will find it
economy to fill the frames with foundation.
.\t any rate, it may be well for you to fill
most of your frames full, trying only a few
with starters, and if you succeed well with
the starters you can work on that plan after-
ward.

Taylor Comb-Leveler

I send you herewith a picture of the Taylor
Handy Comb Leveler. Is it necessary to use
one on bait-seclions? I see no mention of
such a contrivance in any of the bee-books.
What is your opinion of it? California.

Answer. — I have made considerable use of
the Taylor Handy Comb Leveler, and con-
sider it a very fine thing. But the statement
in the advertisement that you enclose, which

GtHEftAlVitW

QoTror^'^^^

says concerning unfilled sections left over at
the close of the season, that " without being
leveled they would be practically worthless "
is altogether too sweeping to be true. An
unfinished section that is clean generally
needs no leveling. But when the surface of
a section is soiled or glued, then the leveler
is a nice thing to melt away the objectionable
part. It is also good where a section is too
thick and would be built to the separator.

Bee-Song Souvenir Postal Cards. —

We have issued in colors, 3 bee-song postal
cards for bee-keepers, each card having one
of the following songs, about 23.ix3;'4 in size,
also with illustrated heading on each card:
"Buckwheat Cakes and Honey," "The Bee-
Keeper's Lullaby," and the " The Humming
of the Bees." The first two cards have small
pictures of the authors of the words and
music. This makes 4 souvenir postal cards
we have now issued for the use of beekeep-
ers, the first being the " Honey-Bear " card.
Prices, by mail, are as follows: Sample cards,
3 cents each ; 7 for 20 cents, or 10 for 25 cents.

€xp€rien€e$ I

Eapl> nuii-Blooiii

The bees have come through the winter so
far all right. They have been quite busy
carrying in pollen from the elms and the
maples. I don't know whether they get any
honey. Plum, cherry, and peach trees are
almost in bloom — just ready to burst out. If
frost holds off we will have a fine lot of
bloom. Some of the soft maples were in
bloom a couple of weeks ago, but the frost
killed all of it. D. C. McLeod.

Pana, 111., March 25.

Japan Clover Not Favored for Bees

On page 194, Dr. Miller asks who can and
will tell " Pennsylvania" about Japan clover
as a bee-plant. It is now about 23 years since
'Japan clover made its appearance here, and I
have never seen a bee working on it. Being
a bee-keeper I have observe clofely what
plants are honey-yielders, and I am sure that
Japan clover is worthless as a honey-plant,
at least in this locality. There may be places
where it yields, as you know some plants are
good honey-yielders in some localities and
worthless in others. It is a low-growing an-
nual, and is a splendid fall-grazing plant,
always maturing an abundance of seed to re-
seed itself, no matter how closely grazed.

Tupelo, Miss., March 9. J. D. Kowan.

Expects Early Swarming

I live in the northwest corner of Grayson
Co., Tex., and I think this country is very
good. But last year was hard on bees here. I
got some surplus honey. I have Italian bees
and like them very much. Fruit-blooming
time is here, and the bees are singing their
sweet songs and are storing some honey.
They are rearing brood in great quantities,
and it nothing happens they will be swarm-
ing by April 25, and that is pretty early for
this country. 1 rear my own queens, and
have had good luck with them. I have all
my colonies with young, prolific queens for
this season. Alfalfa and cotton are our main
honey-plants. 1 am keeping bees on a small
scale, as I think that no one should jump into
the bee-business before he knows what he is
doing. I think every farmer should have a
few colonies of bees, as they are not in the
way, and they will bring him some sweet re-
turns. C. E. Alexander.

Gordonville, Tex., March 4.

Keeping Moth-Worms Out of Brood-
Combs

On page 215, " Michigan " asked how to
keep moth-worms out of brood-combs. My
way is to take out the combs, clean off the
frames, then wrap them up in newspapers
about 3-ply, and tie them up closely. I have
kept them for 3 years and had no moth-
worms. W. H. HOBERT.

Fairport, Iowa, Feb. 16.

Construction of Bee-Cellars

I will give a description of my bee-cellar
that I am putting the finishing touches on,
and ask a criticism of its construction, if you
find anything that calls for it.

The basement is nearly 8 feet deep, with
brick walls. The floor is concrete, 6 or S
inches deep, and then finished with one inch
of cement. The side-walls are cemented
about 6 feet in height. The size is 1430x22
feet, north and south, with one window in
each end. I have a board chimney 8x10 inches
out ofeach window, and on the outside extend-

April 4, 1907

American l^ae Journal

ing up Si feet, and on tlio inside; down to
within (i inches of the floor. There is no ven-
tilation aljove IS inches from the lloor. liy
tierini; them up I could put ^50 colonies in it.
I expect to put 100 colonies in. There Is a
space of lU inches between all the hives and
the floor.

In 188" I put 6.5 colonies into a similar cel-
lar, 12.^14 feet, with a wooden chimney 8x12,
which came down to within 3 inches of the
lloor. I did not lose one colony, and every
one of the tl.i was lit to divide when taken out
in ttte spring.

The bee-industry of Milwaukee county was
a total failure last year. We hope for a good
season this year. W. K. Kennicott.

Milwaukee, Wis.

[The first cellar mentioned ought to give
good results, especially as a similar cellar
did so well. As it is a matter of importance j
to provide as much as possible against
changes from outside temperature, it might
have been well to fur out and make a hollow
wall, at least as far down as the wall is un-
protected by the outside ground.— Editor.]

Good WinteFing Record

I have just commenced taking my bees out
of winter quarters. Last Saturday I took out
190 colonies, all alive. To-day I have taken
out 140 colonies, 3 being dead. To-morrow I
■expect to put out another yard, and keep on
until all are out. N. D. West.

Midddleburg, N. Y., March 26.

Early Pollen-Gathering

Four pretty days all right together, and the
bees are bringing in pollen lively. They did
it only once earlier than this in 20 years.
That was on the 13th. 8. A. Matson.

Barnard, Mo., March 17.

CONVENTION NOTICES.

Michigan. — The Northern Michigan Bee-
Keepers' Association will hold its next annual
convention at East Jordan, Mich., on April
10 and 11, 1907. Headquarters will be at the
Russell House, where a $1.00 per day rate has
been secured. Ira D. Bartlett, Sec.

East Jordan, Mich.

Connecticut. — The 16th annual conven-
tion of the Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciaaion will be held in the State Capitol,
Hartford, room 50, on Saturday, April 6, 1907.
We believe that every wide-awake apiarist in
the State knows that our Association is un-
selfishly seeking to assist and protect the bee-
keepers in every way possible. During the
past few months apiculture has probably been
more generally discussed than at any other
period in the history of the State, because of
our attempt to secure proper bee-disease legis-
lation. Bee-keeping now, as never before, is
regarded as an important agricultural indus-
try in Connecticut, and our Assaciation pro-
poses to continue its campaign of education. A
lengthy program has been prepared for the
next meeting, and it is expected that several
noted speakers will be present. Every bee-
keeper is cordially invited to attend. Please
bring choice samples of honey, or anything
of interest, for the apiarian exhibit. Mem-
bership in the Association is but 50 cents a
year. We want 500 new members. Please
make remittances to the undersigned before
the date of the meeting, and be sure to come
yourself. J. Arthur Smith, Sec.

Box 38, Hartford, Conn.

FOR SALE

50 colonies Italian BEES in S-fr. L. hives
at ^3.50 each. Also a number of Supers, 3.2-
frames, etc. Combs built on fdn., and wired.

14A2t aUSTAVE QROSS, Lake Mills, Wis.
Uentlom Bee Journal whea nrltlas.

Our Discounts on

i

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in cITect. We furnish EVERYTHING needed in practical Bee-
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Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

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Have you received our new 1907 Catalog ? It is surely the easiest
Catalog to order from that you ever saw. It is so easy that you cannot
make a mistake in your orders — a child can order from it as well as an
adult. Write for it to-day ; it is free for the asking. It is something
new and entirely different from any you have ever seen.

KRET6MER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluHs, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

I We will Buy and |
i Sell i

iHOI^EYi

?*S5

of the different grades and kinds.
If you have any to dispose of, or if
you intend to buy, correspond
»A with us.

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Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwlch Street

NEW YORK, N. V.

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Western Bee-Keepers s^o^^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
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THE COLORADO lloXtV-PRODCCERS' iSS'S, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

fiow to Make Moneu Easy

Restock your apiaries with Atchley Queens;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leading
races in their purity. Untested, ?1 each; $9
per doz. ; ?60 per 100. Tested, $1.50 to $2.50
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manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will exchange queen-bees or
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Will Atchley, ilgr.
UAtf Box 218, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

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288

American IBee JournaT|

April 4, 1907

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make money. Send for sample copy.

SUCCESSFUL POULTRY JOURNAL

ICtf 355 Dearborn St., CUICAGO. ILL.
Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnK*

A Prophet of Profit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if
your effort is intelligently directed.

Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

Profitable Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited lime only 25 cents per year.
ICtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal

FOR SALE

$ltoJ3ap3ir. Registered Homing Pigeons;
Big Sqnab Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian
Hares; Fancy experiment station; crosses in
all colors. HULBERT

Mail orders filled. GLEN ELLYN. ILL.

40Ct£ Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

Mention Bee

Get Ready for the Rush

Queens for May and June Delivery

Untested, 2 for $1 ; Warranted Untested, 3 for $2 ; Tested, i for $3.
3-frame Nucleus with Tested Queen for .June delivery, S3, f.o.b. Milo.
Light or dark Italians at choice. No disease. Safe arrival and absolute
satisfaction guaranteed. I will send 1 ounce of Catnip Seed free to each
of the first 25 ordering Queens to the amount of .*2 00 or ove.-.

Route 1. Box 19. CHAS. M. DARROW, Milo, Mo.
1^" Reference — First National Bank, Nevada, Mo. i::IA4t

Jonrnal irhen VTrltlne.

THE POILTRY DIGEST

tio cents per Year.

An Enterprising', Pushing- and Progressive
Poultry Journal. A live and instructive Peri-
odical Different From All the Rest.

True to name, a concise and boiled down di-
gest of all the doings in the Poultry World — A
time-saving periodical; methodical, to the
point, and conservative.

T T"^ jou want to make more money out of
I Lj your fowls.

I f^ you want to get good results with less
X X hard work.

you want to learn how to save your
'-Cy/kzi" little chicks.

t you want to know what to do ach

month in the poultry yard.
Send in your subscription to the

POULTRY DIGEST PUB. CO.

36Ctf 43 Ckntke St., N. Y. City.

BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHIREBT

Read what J. I. Parent, of
Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
bined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say It will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

By Express or Freight.

6 to S feet, each Sc; per 100 ?r.00

S to 10 feet, each 9c; per 100 8.00

ARTHUR STANLEY, Dixon, III.

13Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Ohio and West Virginia
Bee-Keepers

Save freight and time by ordering
Root's Goods from me. Catalog
free.
E. W. PIERCE, Zanesville, O.

Mention Bee

Metai Mottiers

Complete fireproof Hatch-
idg and Brooding Plant
for $7.50. 2 quarts oil will
batch and brood 50 chicks
Our nest system Is the
latest discovery. Full line
Poultry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Catalog.
Write today. CYCIE HATCHER
CO., BoxO, Keescvilk, .\. Y.

Jonrnal when wrttins.

FASHION BOOK FREE

IVHoT,- Inilnicinr Ti^shiQn BoOK.
^ -,, ft «.

>_i

I will send you my handsome new fashion book
which illustrates 500 of the latest styles. Itisa
valuable book and every woman owning: a sewmc
iM.uhtTn- >ih.-Mil,i hnve one. it also eives 12 ILLl'S-

TRATKD LE880\S In ' ewlDg & Dress ( uKlng.
HAW 1 nn IT lp"i^''^h The Home In.
nUTT I UU 11 structnr, an illustrated
home woman's magazine and I want your name
on my subscripnon list. The Home Instructor is
bright, entertaining, clean and instructive, justthe
sortof paper youshould ha\e in your home. It
has departments for every featnre of home life,
and prints the choicest fiction ever>' month. Every
i>sue has several pages rii*voted to lateslfashions

MY SPECIAL OFFER l:,\\:n\T,

y"u The Home Itistructor tor two years and will

send nivln^ fashion book to you free Address

A. OTIS ARNOiD, I uincy, 111^

Mention Bee Jonrnal Trhcn vrrltlns.

Wdn+A/I ^ ™^° '" work 250 colonies of
VT «n ItSU bees on shares, or to work by
the month for wages. State age, experience,
and wages expected, in first letter.
14A3t W. E. Forbes, Plainwell, Mich.

BEE SUPPLIES.

Wehandia tha finest be* supplias, made by the W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., J.mestown, N. Y. Big Discounts on ssriy order*, let us figure
with you on your wants.

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, hsve s honoy board, warp-
proof cover, and bottom board, think of it, same prico as the regular
atyles. Send for Catalog.

THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

51 WALNUT ST.

CINCINNATI. OHIO.

April 4, 1907

289

American l^e JoarnaJj

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Kamons
Honey-
Producers
I am bookine orilers now for April. May
and June delivery, for t'liriiiolans, Ital-
ians, and GoUlens— equal to the best, re-
Kardless of prico. Prices:

Tested Queens 61.00 each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

ITALIAN QUEENS

nGolden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this straia produced ZHO fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six,$5.00. Tested, $1.50 op.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Hentloii Bee Jonrnal wliea vrrltliuc.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, $1 ;
Tested, -¥1.25. Prices on large quantities or on
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CU.

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.. Berclair. Texas.

12Atf Please mention the BeeJoarnal.

Carniolans! Italiaos!

FOR SALE

No disease. 3-comb Nucleus, with Queen,
$3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We offer for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at $3.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at ^.25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at $3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped about May 10, by express
(charges not prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

SAVE YOUR
QUEENLESS COLONIES

Introduce a vigorous Tested Queen ; we can
furnish them by return mail, from our fine
strain of 3-band Italians; Queens reared last
fall, and wintered in 4-frame nuclei. None
better.

OChoice Tested Queens, by return mail, $1
each. Untested Queens ready to mail .March
15, 75c; $8 per doz. No disease, and satisfac-
tion guaranteed.

J. W. K. SHAW & CO.

12A4t Loreauville, Iberia Co., Louisiana.

^rilf^ ^ STRONGEST
rtLntft. MADE. uuii.

^^ ^t^lHlM: Cbk-k-

en-tlpht Sold to theust^r ut Wholesale
PrlcpH. Wp I'aj- Frplffht. Cat^ilogue free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,*
Sox yij Winchester, IndianfM

(ire mndo ('\f'ry year in the liook hnsineHS.
Every fiimily, rich or imor. must iiavo
booka. l>iiiinc the Iii;-t J'w j<iirH. S7.r»()ll,.
000.00 hnvH h.-fii oxp.-nded for Modern
Eloqueiue. .$12.000.1 00. OU for «to<ldiirU'a

) Lectures, yil. 000,000.00 for the Century
Dictioniirv, tincl the tremendous sum of
$44.000.0011.(10. coverincover half a million
Bete of the F-ncyclopiediH Britannicn.
Tho^e hookrt were sold hy subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sells more readily than any of the
above. Tlie demand is already 8o tre-
mendous that more capital iw required to
swing it, or net behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
intere.-^t.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Remember.the success of this puMi-
cation is not avFay off in the future — it is
not prospective, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the timeof publishingthis advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pH>s large dividends and is ae
solid as the Kockof Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to he so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the nurnhpF or our presses and secure
Btock to he turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Puhlishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already euniiug hig dividends. and which
IB led toftdl a small amount of its stock
Bimply bemuse the business is already so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if yon would grasp this op-
portunity you must

jj\ WriteQuick— OnlyaFewCanCome In

iTOj Address your letter to me personally,

Ni' like thia-

tK W. B. GUbert

Dept. G 28 Jackson Blvd., Chicaf o

70 Colonies of Bees
For Sale Cheap

In large iiuantilles. t.').Oi) per colony, and
$3. .50 in small lots. The bees are io 10-frame
Langstroth hives, and Id excellent condition.

i3A4t G. PROCHNOW, Maijville, Wis.

BIG STOCK

DOVETAILED HIVES,

SectiOdB. etc I Bell Marshfield .M()r. Co.'s an(J
Kooi's SUPPLIES at factory prices. 8 frame,
Si-story, «1 35; loframe, $1 SO; Nc. 1 Sections,
$14; No. 2, $3.50. Sead for 4Mpjge price-list if
you haven't one. With an order amounting to
$15 cr over I (jive 7 percent discoant till May 10.
S. D. BUELL, Union City, Mich.
13A2t Please meotion the Bee Journal.

Queens frU''l'ol"o^^o"onrel Supplies

I sell queens at— 1 queen, 25c; doz., i'.i. Also
following supplies at 3-i Root's prices; 1000
P.&I. fences; 1000 plain section-holders; 1000
4 '4x4,1-4 plain sections; Daisy foundation fas-
tener ; 10-inch foundation mill ; 200 10-frame
wood-zincs ; 2 doz. Porter escapes : .500 Hoff-
man frames. R. n. (^PKi'VCKK.
4A10t I^ordlioll, «'al.

TAYLOR'SISTRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS the: BEST

Long TonKues and Guldens are best of honey-
gatherers: 18 yrs. a specialty, breedinu for best
honey-gatherers. tJntested, 7.-,c. or $n a doz.; Tested,
$1. or $10 a doz.; Select Tested. $1.50. Breeders
very best, trom .$.3 to $5. Carniolans same price Try
them We also sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Safe arrival guaranteed.

J. W. TAYLOR & SON

13A10t BKEVILLE. Bee Co.. TEXAS.

nvBtloB Bee Jonrnal when wrltlns.

29 Years Means QUEEN Quality

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year,
lilie last, and 280 to thecolony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. Every queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tells
of Italian and Caucasian.

8Etf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlDS.

^Queens

The finest in the land from
Daniel Wurth & Grant.

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded Goldens.

The Goldens took First
Premium at every Fair they
were exhibited last year.

Prices :— Untested, gl.OO each ; Tested, 11.50
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

I^° Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6ESt

Bpe-HapplieM and Berry-Boxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
together, send me list of goods wanted, and let me

Suote you prices, I give the regular discounts,
eeswax wanted. Send for Catalog.
6Etf W. J. McCAKTY, Emmetsburg, Iowa.
Mention Bee Jonrnal when vrrltlsK.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until riay 1. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, nich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

290

April 4, 1907

American l^ee Journal

" WHAT'S IN A NAME ? "

That depends whose name it is.

Did it ever occur to you that it means something- to order bee-supplies with a reli-
able name back of the goods — a name that has stood for over 30 years for the very best
in bee-goods ?

#

When you see LEWIS on a hive or on a crate of sections you know what you are
getting. You also know that if the goods are not just exactly what they are sold to be,
back goes your money to 3^ou. The G. B. Lewis Company or its distributing houses do
not want your money if you are not satisfied.

They do not want you to take any chances, either. Before you buy your bee-sup-
plies, order a sample crate of Lewis Sections and five Lewis Hives or less, just to see
what you are going to get when you do buy. If Lewis Beeware does not win out on the
trial, give some one else the order. That's fair, isn't it?

m

Lewis Beeware is sold at consistent prices, and is the cheapest beeware because it
is the best beeware. A season's trial will convince vou,

G. B. LEWIS CO., "'"'^S"™"?."..'?""" Watertown, Wis.

ENGLAND— E H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 Oficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., ManzaniUo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,
Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, Fallbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.
MICHIGAN— A.G. Woodman Co.,Grand Rapi Js

MASSArHUSETTS— Alvln A. Vinal, Marsh-
field Hills.

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co,, Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norris& Anspach, Kenton.

ORE(;ON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy,

TEX AS— Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.Lilly Company,
Seattle.

April 4, 1907

'g^^^sft^J

A GREAT INPROYENENT

will be found In

m

pLmcrican "Bee -Jonrnal

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

AniBrican Bee -Keeper
[orl9DZ

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American l?ee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for SI. 00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.]

Chicago, Feb. 1.— The usual late winter de-
maud is in evidence for comb honey to replace
diminished stuck laid in during- the autumn by
the large retailers, but duriag^ the dull period
there has been very little change, if any. In
prices, the offerings being light.

We find No. 1 to fancy white comb honey
brings lS@16c, and for that which is off in color
and flavor from l@3c less. Amber grades of
all kinds are dull and range in price from
10@12c. The extracted perhaps is not quite so
firm in price for the California or Western
grades, but there is no surplus of white elover
or basswood, both of which bring about 8c, and
in some cases more. Ambers grade from 6@7J^c.
There have been some sales of beeswax at 32c,
but 30c is about the price for average.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadklphia, Mar. 11.— The comb honey
market has been quite active in the last two
weeks, and the continual cold weather has kept
things moving. Many cheap lots have been
sent in from the producers, which have had a
tendency to bear on the market and weaken the
prices somewhat. Fancy white comb honey,
15@16c; No. 1, 14®l5c; amber. I2@i4c. Fancy
white extracted honey, 7(g)Sc; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sklser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey Is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15@16c f^r fancy white; 13(a'14c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di».
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient suo-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@S!^c; light amber, 7J4c; am
ber, 6>6@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6?^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 5S@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRETH & SRQELKBN

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have

Complete 6tock for VM7 now on hand.

CINCINXATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as mo6t all freight now goes through Clncinnttti.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYIKG FROM ME. ^rd'"Sr™amf "■"

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

t,AMS, and CAUC'ASIAI^S

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 39.

bred in separate apiaries,

the <iioi.i>i-:if vw:t..

L,OWN, CAR.KIO-

C. H.W.WEBER

CINCINNATI
...OHIO...

a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
houey^ per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, 52,80. White
extracted, S@S%c per pound; light amber,
7^4@Sc. Clean, jellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Mar. 11— There is very little de-
mand for extracted honey at this writing,
wbich is only natural, owing to tbe unsettled
weather at this time of the year. However, we
are looking forward with Interest to a revival
of trade, as soon as the warm spring days are
here. We quote amber extracted honey in bar-
rels at 6J4@7J^c, the price depending upon the
quantity purchased. Fancy table honey in
crates of two 60-lb. cans each, at 8@9c. There
is little demand for comb honey owing to the
lateness of the season. Choice yellow beeswax,
32@35c, delivered here.

Thb Frbd W. Mcth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 25.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'a013c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8(a9c; amber, 6^7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their slock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, 15c; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@75ic; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@2Sc.

The Gkiggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Cincinnati, March 6.— The market on comb
honey has been quite brisk the past week. En-
tirely sold out of fancy white. No. 2 is selling
for 1256@13c. White clover extracted in cans,
9c; amber in barrels, 6c. Beeswax, 30c, deliv-
ered here. C. H.W. Webbk.

Kansas City, Mar. 4— The demand for comb
honey is only lair at present. The market is
almost entirely bare of extracted honey. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24-sec. cases, $3.10 to
$3.25: No. 2, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted honey,
white, per pound, S@10c! amber, 8c. Beeswax,
per pound, 25@27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Best No. 1 Sections

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole ApicuUnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

l>rGf . A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dliconnt* to th« Trade.

per 1000, $4.00; No.

2, $3.40; plain, 25c
less. Discounts on Danz. and Root's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. fl. S. DuDu, St. flpne, III.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buyiag- or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. Ilu

Mention Bee Joarnal Tt-hen writing.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.

4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1335-1348 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

BEE # POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

25Atf C. M. SCOT! CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

292 April 4, 1907

American ^ae Journal^

BEESWAX I

We are always in the market to buy Beeswax, and pay the highest market ^
prices. We want Beeswax from the bee-keepers direct. ^

DADAHT'S FOUNDATIOH I

I .^IT EXCELS>is I

S Wherever you are you can get our goods. Write us and we will either ^

make you prices or will tell you where you can get our Foundation nearer to
^ you. We have Agents everywhere.

I BEE=5UPPUES

We handle every kind of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and only the very best.
Write us before selling your Beeswax or buying your season's Supplies.
Send for our Catalog. ^

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. |

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-THIS SPACE IS RESERVED FOR-

Tue Marsniid Mto, go.. Marsntieid. vyis.

«:

Manufacturers of the Marshfield Bee-Goods g

Waicn lor iHelr M. Next Week

In the meantime do not delay sending them your orders, as they will fill

them promptly.

47th Year

APRIL II, 1907

Number 15

-«.<»»

294

April 4. 1907

American liee Journal

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPAQ

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, HI.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THB SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of thiB Journal Is
il.oo a year, in the TTnlted States, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 5U
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy tree.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
enaof the month to which your subscription ispa'.tl.
Kor instance, "dec<i7" on your label shows that it IB
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send s
receipt lor money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, IOg.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than ii inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.... 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ....20 "
52 " ..--30 "

5pace Discounts.

100 lines. .. Spercent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riBhts. , ^ ,. . «

3d.— Toenfor.e laws against the adulteration of

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General -Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Fkance, Platteville, Wl».

fW II m'lre convenient. Dues may be sent to th#
,]hl «(,Mr«oi I be American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

OwoNT rouBEE HY HONEY.
And cmeer this lonely heart?
For I WOULD mug you all the TinE'

And we

WOULD nfVEft PART

«it*rt< .1 11 60(0 — r- f^ Ui

As most of our readers know, we have got-
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers
The cats herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for lOo (stamps
or silver), or 5 PKEE with the American Bee
Journal one year at Jl. 00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2J,j
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEOROE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Stree CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPLIES

AINP SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices^ on Oovelailed Hives, Sections. Section Holders,
Separators. Brood-Frames. Foundation. Smokers, E.v-
tractors, Shipping-Casts, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We M.\NUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Mlnnesoia Dee-Keepers' Supply 60.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

Nicollet Island, No. 33,

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Golden
Queens

Direct from

CYPRUS

Please write to Messrs. Gregory Dervishian & Brothers, Nicosia, Cyprus, for excellent
PROLIFIC MOTHER-QUEENS of gentle strain. Price of each queen mailed to U. S.
America and to Canada: $2.50. Safe arrival guaranteed. To Australia, Ceylon, India, etc., $3.
Safe arrival guaranteed. Send International Money Order.

Diiwr's ConiD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-k^eepers^P^eferU^ to otcer makes^l^^^^^ .^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^^

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWNiNAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits. „.„„ ,

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for fuU line ors^ppUef. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Get Ready for the Rush

Oueens for May and June Delivery

Untestrd, 3 for $1 ; Warranted Untested 3 for $2; Tested, 4 for $3
3-frame Nucleus with Tested Queen for June delivery, W, f.o.b. Milo.
Light or dark Italians at choice. No disease. Safe arrival and absolute
satisfaction guaranteed. I will send 1 ounce of Catnip Seed free to each
of the tirst 25 ordering Oueens to the amount of ¥2 00 or ove.-.

Route 1. Box 19. CHAS. M. DARROW, Milo, Mo.
IJ^ Reference— First National Bank, Nevada, Mo. 13A4t

Journal wben wrltlnc.

Hentlon

April 11, 1907

295

American Hee Journal i

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good^Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, ou almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage o( our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

gtS^ nena tov li»t ot SmiKhlly l>uni-
ag^ed 4]ioo<l!« to Melect troni at Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. IW. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co. (Not ino

Long Distance Telephone, North 155'). 191 AND 193 SUPBHIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde-
Btractiblef and e'lvlng' entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb fonndatioti made easily and
?ulckly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for I*, frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundatiou directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN QETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlns.

Pnr Q^lo **'** Acre Farm and lOO
rUI 041C Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good S-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vrhem vrrltlns.

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

By Express or Freight.

6 to 8 feet, each 8c; per 100 $7.00

8 to 10 feet, each 9c; per 100 8.00

ARTHUR STANLEY, Dixon, III.
]3Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

"In every coiintry tue snccessM adyertiser is tlie continuous advertiser.

!!

B££-K££P£RS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is makint; .Scclions. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.
10A3U Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

46 Percent

EyUIVALENT

Not a Fish Story but a FACT.

Annual cash dividend to bee-keepers

on Supplies bought during

March

New Qoods, Best Quality. To-morrow
will be too late. Write TO-DAY.

PUTNAM & PEflKE, River Falls,Wis.

12Atf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

iCAPON
TOOLS

e. F FiHiiig&SonCo.,

^^Big Profits in Capons

(Jiiporiizin-.; is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
, with free instructions
, postpaid $2.50.

Icape Worm Extractor 33c

Poultry Marker 25c

IP'rench Killing KnifeoOc
[Capon Book Free.

Arch St . , Philadelphia .Fa.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

If you want goods Quick, send to Ponder.

Established 1889.

fl Bifl Loi 01 1116 Newest) Dovetailed Hives

I have just unloaded into my warehouse a
some a lot of goods as were ever seen. These
cial features throughout that have been
tested and indorsed by leading and suc-
cessful bee-men everywhere. Not only
are they right in principle, but they are
built of clear, bright stock, finished like
a piece of cabinet work, and perfectly
fitted throughout.

I have them ready for immediate
shipment, and can fill orders quickly.
Indianapolis is so situated that goods
from here make quick time on through
freight trains, saving transportation

By the Bee- Crank.

carload of Root's newest Dovetailed Hives, and they are as hand-
hives have special covers, special bottom- boards, and, in fact, spe-

charges and saving time. I make a spe-
cialty of careful packing, and receive
many letters like the following :

Bloomingdale, Ind.
Walter S. Pocder, Indianapolis, Ind.

Dear Sir .-—The supplies you have been send-
ing me could not be excelled in workmanship. I
have secured surplus honey from new swarms in
Danzenbaker hives when others failed to secure
surplus, even with old colonies.

Yours truly, D. W. Tucker.

Root's goods at Root's prices. New Metal-Spaced Frames, Danzenbaker Hives, and all other desirable bee-
keepers' supplies. Catalog free.

Beeswax Bought. — I pay cash or take in trade at highest market prices. Send shipments by express or
freight, according to amount. Be sure to attach your name to package.

m\w s, Fouder f

513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
NDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

296

Amorican Hee Journal

April 11, 1907

W^^^^E

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

i

( ■»

I;

<,»

^1-

»r-?''r-»« —

t

»

r

\

•Tf-

J I

iL.

a

«,.jL)r>o»<«^ili

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumplca J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California N ational

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fraita Fruit and Produce Ass'n

District of Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Oeorgia

Savannah Howkios & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Ciicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

Evansvllle Vickery Bros.

lo'vva

Des Moines JosephNysewander

Kansas

Augusta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micbigfan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill . . . . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

r*ew Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggiu

Ne^T IPorU

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros.,S2l Monroe St.

Zanesvllle E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oreg^on

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero i Arnold

Philadelphia TheA.I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Tirgfinia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at tho PosWJEDce at CUlcugo as Becond-ClaBU Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL 11, 1907

VoLXLVII— No, 15

editorial ^otes
and Commenfs

"Keep Your Colonies Strong"

This motto, under the title of Oettl's Golden
Rule, is given in the closing paragraph of
Langstroth's classic work as the essence of
all prolltable bee-keeping. It is generally
agreed that the strong colonies are the profit-
able ones; and probably few would dispute
the statement that 3 colonies of 30,000 bees
each will not store as much as the united
force of 60,000 bees in one colony.

Yet some modify the motto by saying:
Know the honey-resources of your locality,
and have colonies strong for the harvest; but
do not have a lot of bees reared to come upon
the stage as a lot of idle consumers when
there is nothing for them to do. Certainly it
ought to be worth while to avoid needless
consumption, when it is considered that the
annual consumption of a colony is somewhere
from 100 to 200 pounds of honey. But when
we come to particulars, the problem does not
seem so easy. It is not easy to tell in advance
at what time a given plant will be ready to
offer its nectar, nor indeed whether it will
offer any. If one knows about when a flow
may be expected, one may figure when the
queen should lay eggs to be ready for it; but
how is one to manage to have a small force in
the hive during a dearth between two flows?
Those who can so control matters as to have
a strong force when a flow is on, and a strong
force only then, are wise to use such control ;
the average bee-keeper will do well to get his
colonies strong as early as he can in the sea-
son, and then try to keep them so.

Narrow Frames for Extracted Honey

E. D. Townsend says in the Bee-Keepers'
Review that manufacturers list no proper
frame for extracting purposes, which, he

thinks, should have neither top-bar, end-bar
nor bottom-bar more than %-inch wide. He
says:

With this style of frame in our supers,
spaced IJi' inches from center to center, we
get great, fat combs; then, with a long un-
capping knife, out clear down deep, clear to
the frame. In this way we get more wax in
the uncapping tank; but the greatest advan-
tage is, we can uncap a whole comb at one
stroke.

That seems reasonable, and perhaps there's
nothing original about it. But did you ever
think of such narrow frames as affecting the
quality of the'honey ? Here's something well
worth thinking over :

In producing honey for exhibition pur-
poses, we insert full sheets of foundation in
between our extracting combs, in the supers
of some of our most powerful colonies ; and,
after quite an experience along this line, we
have never found a better way to produce a
superior article of extracted honey. While it
would not be practical to produce all our ex-
tracted honey direct from foundation, the
next best plan is to fill our supers with these
deeply uncapped combs. With these the cells
are only about half an inch deep; and this
drawing out of the combs when being filled
with honey, gives the bees an opportunity to
cure the honey nearhj as well as they would
in drawing out foundation. Never give thick
extracting combs during a heavy flow of
honey.

How Much Nectar Per Acre?

The man who should make out a reliable
table showing the number of bees that could
be supported upon each one of the more im-
portant honey-plants on a given surface would
be entitled to a high niche in the bee-keepers'
hall of fame. The data are so changeable, so
elusive that no one can say with any degree
of certainty how many acres per colony are
needed in any given case; and the worst of it
is that with the passing years we seem to

be making no progress in gaining the desired
knowledge. Here comes a note from Dr.
Miller, saying;

"Mr. Editor:— Before we get to blows
will you please settle a little matter between
Mr. Atwater and me? On page 208, he takes
exception to my guess that 200 colonies might
have good picking on 300 acres of white
clover if said white clover happened to be in
the mood of yielding. He doesn't say just
what the figure should be, but evidently he
thinks I expect too much of white clover.
Which of us is right!

" I may say to you privately that after get-
ting a little additional light from his article,
and after thinking over the matter a little
more fully, it begins to seem to me that he's
nearer the right of it than I am; but please
don't side with him any more than you have
to, for I don't want him to crow over me too
much. The only datum I can give you on
which to work, is a rough guess at how thick
bees are on a piece of white clover when bees
are doing good work on it. Of course, it can
only be a rough guess; but just as I now re-
call, I should say that when bees are 5 feet
apart all over the field they are doing good
work."

It is not an easy thing to decide between
two guessers, with no foundation to work
upon except a single item, and that a guess.
Other things being equal, Mr. Atwater ought
to make the closer guess in the case, for
" Utah's " conditions are probably more like
conditions in Idaho than in Illinois. Cer-
tainly in Illinois, when " hundreds, or even
thousands, of acres of as fine white clover as
one could wish, are covered with a mass of
bloom" covering a period as long as " during
part of May, often all of June, with more or
less bloom for many weeks later," one would
expect as a rule good crops, whereas in Idaho
Mr. Atwater says they are light.

It may be well in passing to note the one
point on which Mr. Atwater makes a definite
guess. It is that in favored locations each
acre will support one colony of bees, provided
10 percent of it is covered with sweet clover
and the other 90 percent with alfalfa. That
guess stands till some one gives reasons for a
different one, and it is of value, even though
somewhat vague.

As between white clover and alfalfa, it may
be mentioned that unless a field of alfalfa Is
used for raising seed its seasons of bloom,
however abundant, are likely to be short, the
mower being likely to level it as soon as it is
of most value, if not before; whereas white

298

April 11, 1907

American fiae Journal

clover, being subjected almost entirely to
graziDg, yields continuously for weeks.

Coming directly to the case in hand, let us
do a little figuring, estimating that 30,000
field-bees belong to each colony. If 200 colo-
nies are working on 300 acres, that makes I'.i
acres tor each colony, or for each 20,000
fielders. In 13-0' acres there are 65,340 square
feet, giving 3.27 square feet to each bee ; so if
they are evenly distributed over the field they
will be about 1 foot 10 inches apart. If we
take Dr. Miller's guess of 5 feet apart, each
bee will require 25 square feet of territory,
making for 20,000 bees 500,000 square feet, or
nearly ll'., acres. According to that, instead
of 200 colonies for 300 acres, only 26 colonies
would be supported on that number of acres.

If Dr. Miller doesn't like the decision, he
must either make bees work with less elbow-
room than 5 feet, or else he must show that
20,000 is not the right estimate for the num-
ber of fielders in a colony.

"Honey" from Buttermilk

In Praktischer Wegweiser it is related that
in a North Germany newspaper an advertiser
offered for the modest sum of 2S cents to send
a recipe by which one could easily make out
of a quart of buttermilk 2 pounds of the
finest, best-flavored honey. The enterprising
editor sent the required amount, and then
published in Prakt. Wegweiser the recipe ver-
batim. Explicit instruction is given as to the
right kind of vessel in which to cook the
honey, and just how to stir, etc., one item be-
ing that to each quart of buttermilk must be
added 1 pound of sugar! We may expect to
hear shortly that German bees are out out of
business!

Cleaning Up Wet Extracting Combs

Sometimes when wet extracting combs are
given back to the bees to clean up, instead of
carrying the honey all down into the brood-
chamber, the bees mass it in a few cells of the
extracting combs. H. Potter says in the
British Bee Journal that he makes sure of
having the extracting combs left entirely
empty by returning them to the bees upside
down. Not many, however, will find it neces-
sary to resort to such an inconvenient method.

Reversed Brood

According to an item in Prak. Wegweiser,
the occasional finding of brood with heads in
the bottom of the cell is due to the presence
of minute parasitical insects, which trouble
the larvae and cause the abnormal position.

" Songs of Beedom."— This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs— words and
music— all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 35 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year—
both for SI. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

fleisjs items

:..i-Ml^-.^'&:^'n.'Si.i.t:^'.. :: i - ..s * ,ani^««i.ui.,-«.^

A Bee-Keeper's Epitaph.— Mr. R. B.

Ross, Jr., of Quebec, Canada, sends the follow-
ing clipping taken from the Rochester (N. Y.)
Herald, referring to the epitaph of a man who
was stung to death:

Among the many curious inscriptions that
are to be found on the tombstones that mark
the last resting places of some of the early
pioneers of the town of Manchester, one of
the most curious is in what is known as the
old Greenhouse cemetery, on a tombstone
erected in 1814, to the memory of Timothy
Ryan. On May 12, 1814, he was attacked by
his bees and stung to death. The following
epitaph appears on his tombstone:

A thousand ways cut short our days.

None are exempt from death.
A honey-bee by stinging me

Did stop my mortal breath.
This grave contains the last remains

Of my frail house of clay ;
My soul is gone — not to return —

To one eternal day.

Bees at the Jainestown Exposition.

— Mr. Charles Koeppen, of Fredericksburg,
Va., has been granted a concession by the
Jamestown (Va.) Exposition Co. to make a
demonstration with live bees in a wire-cloth
cage, and also a motion-picture apparatus in
addition to the privilege of selling standard
bee-books. Mr. Koeppen is erecting a struc-
ture 30x50 feet, and the whole display, when
installed, will cost him about .*1400. The
price of a single admission to this part of the
Exposition will be 10 cents.

We can not conceive of anything better to
advertise the bee and honey business than
what Mr. Koeppen has undertaken to do at
the Jamestown Exposition. We hope to hear
of his success all through the months during
which the Exposition will be opened. Of
course, every bee-keeper who attends it will
be sure to take advantage of Mr. Koeppen's
demonstrations.

Honey and Noisy Enthusiasm.— The

Youths' Companion contains the following
which seems to have a lesson in it taken from
the bees :

Honey In It.

When the Salvation Army first came to
America, 25 years ago, says the author of
" The Prophet of the Poor," it found a ready
advocate of its methods in the Rev. Thomas
K. Beecher. Mr. Beecher had just had a les-
son, in parable form, from a certain "Bro."
Anderson, which he never forgot.

Brother Anderson was at that time the pas-
tor of a colored congregation which was noted
for the noise and enthusiasm of its services.
Incidentally the old man wielded a whitewash-
brush, but he was known as an exhorter of no
mean ability. One day he persuaded Mr.
Beecher to address his congregation.

The occasion seemed a good one for reprov-
ing the congregation for their uproarious
methods, and Mr. Beecher did so. " Let all
things be done decently and in order," he

concluded. Then Bro. Anderson rose to
speak.

" I love Brudder Beecher; I love to hear
him preach dis afternoon," he said. "He's
our good frien'. And he say dat some folks
goes up to glory noisy'n' shouting, and some
goes still like, 's if they's ashamed of what's
in 'em. And he say we better be more like de
still kind, and de white folks'll like us more.
He say de boys and gels stan' in de do'way
and laugh at us, and mock at us 'cause 0' de
way we goes on.

" Yas, I see de boys and gels stan' all las'
winter roun' de door, an' under de windows,
an' laff; and dey peep in and laff. But I
'member what I saw las' summer among de
bees.

" Some of de hives was nice an clean an'
still, like 'spectable meetings, and de odders
was a bustin' wid honey. De bees kep' a-
goin' and a-comin' in de clover; and dey jes'
kep' on a-fillin' de hive till de honey was a-
flowin' like de Ian' o' Canaan. An' I saw all
roun' de hives was ants and worms an black
bugs, an' dey kep' on de outside. Dey wa'n'
bees. Dey couldn' make de honey for dar-
selves. Dey couldn' fly to de clover an' to de
honeysuckle. Dey jes' hung roun' de hive
and lib on de drippin's.

" So de boys an' gels hang roun' yar. Come
in — we'll show you how de gospel bees do.
Come in an' we'll lead you to de clover.

"You won't come in? Well, den poor
things, den stan' roun' de outside an' have de
drippin's. We's got honey in dis hive."

"As he spoke," said ' Mr. Beecher, "I
seemed to see my own sermon shrinking and
fading away."

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tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Hopey-
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educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

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April 11, 1907

2''0

American Hee Joarnal^0y^^

±2

Conducted by J-uiis 11. tiouoLb, New Braunsfels, Tex.

spoken of, is C. ca^jVtti, Michx., a larfje
croton. I have seen bees on all of
these, but the "red sage" seems to
give more honey than the others, at
least in the localities where I have ob-
served it.

Here is an instance again that shows
that it behooves us, as bee-keepers, to
study botany, or at least so much of it
that we may be able to know our
honey-plants ' by their right names.
The study of botany has not only been
valuable to me in my bee-keeping, but
of great interest as well.

The "Sages" of Texas and of

California— Color of Sumac

Honey

Mr. Louis H. Scholl:— I notice in your
department of the American Bee Journal
(page 00), a letter from .J. E. Chambers, in
which reference is made to sage honey as
(larl,\ and I inferred that sumac yielded white
honey. With me sage is the principal source
of surplus, and if taken off before other honey
is mixed with it. it is wafer-white, and the
flnest-llavored honey in the world. I think
sumac comes later, and is amber. Soon tar-
weed comes in, and the honey is then darker
and considerable off flavor. I have black or
button eage and white, coming in the order
named, 3 or 3 weeks apart. The black sage
yields the whitest honey. Can you account
for the difference? A. J. Burns.

Lusardi, Calif., Feb. 5.

Mr. Burns' letter was forwarded to
Mr. Chambers for reply, which is given
here :

Mr. Louis H. Scholl: — I note what you
have to say about the different local names
for plants. I am sorry indeed to learn that
any one could be misled by such trifles. I
have always known that the little common
sage, found to a great extent all over Texas,
was not the same as the white, blue, and black
sage of California, and 1 have never said that
it was. While I am no botanist, there is no
man in Texas who watches the different
flowers more carefully than I do, and I think
there are few who follow the bee-papers more
closely. This being true, I would indeed be a
pretty one not to know tlie difference between
these plants.

The sage we have here is a small bush — red
sage with dun-colored flowers; and white
sage with larger leaves but flowers of the
same color ; the leaves of a strong mint flavor.
I know you have seen it. In this locality it
blooms in the latter part of June, and in sea-
sonable years until August, and yields a very
dark, strong honey, in Southwest Texas.
There is a large kind common to East Texas.
It has a seed-pod, which, when broken, shows
two flat sides and a round side. It is dead at
this season, but I am sending you a lot of
the dried leaves. Now, this is about all I
know about it, and, though not much, is per-
haps Buffleient to enable you to identify it. I
am also sending you a sample of the honey
from it.

I note Mr. Burns says that sumac is amber
in color; it may be in his locality — 1 can't
answer for California. I am not keeping
honey records for that part of the country,
but here it is, if not white, so very close to
that color that we all call it white. I saw
sumac honey at San Antonio, but none of it
was as light as ours when pure; however, as
you know, it is not often that we can get
honey that is absolutely free from any admix-
ture. I think there are but very few apiarists
who know how much bees move and change
honey about in the hives, and this is one rea-
son why it is so hard to get honey all clear of
admixtures. And you know how impossible
it is to get every particle of honey out of the
combs when extracting, or even to uncap
every cell. The only way I could ever be

sure of getting all honey from a given source
was to hive a swarm on starters during a flow,
and when there was only one kind of plant in
bloom such swarms, if given combs that are
new, will, of course, get all the honey from
the desired source. But time must be given
for them to use up the honey that they car-
ried in their honey-sacs before the new combs
are given, or else an admixture will result.
Vigo, Tex. J. E. Chambers.

In writing to Mr. Chambers I men-
tioned the inadvisability of using com-
mon or local names when speaking of
honey-plants of different localities, as
a name may mean one thing in one
locality and quite another thing some-
where else. I believe there is hardly
anything else in this respect like com-
mon names of plants. Just as it hap-
pened, that what was called " sage "
in Texas was not the sage of Califor-
nia, so well known to the bee-keepers.
Here in Texas it is exactly one of those
cases of using common names wrongly
for plants that do not obtain that name
in botany ; hence, such names can not
be relied on, and should never be used
unless the name is a universal one, and
means one and the same thing every-
where.

Instead of the real sage of California,

One of My Inspection Trips

The picture here shown is a reminder
of one of my trips of inspection, and
shows to some extent the hospitality
shown " the inspector " upon this oc-
casion, quite different from some of
the experiences on other occasions.

The bee-keepers involved here, in-
stead of objecting to such inspection
of their apiaries, not only willingly
allowed this, but insisted not only on a
thorough inspection but thorough
treatment. " The inspector" was met
at the train by them, taken to their
homes and cared for. Then prepara-
tions were made for the extended over-
land trip to inspect the apiaries from
25 to 30 miles west of the town, and
lasting over a week. The picture
shows the inspection party in one of
the " camps." Over2000 colonies were
examined, but only two cases of dis-
ease were found, which, only a short
time before, had been imported into
the neighborhood with a lot of bees
shipped from another State. These
cases were promptly dealt with and
eradicated, thus leaving the district
free of the disease.

Another Kind of Inspection Work.

that mentioned by Mr. Chambers is
not a sage at all. but a croton instead,
belonging to the Spurge family {Eu-
phorbiacea:). These crotons are quite
common in our State, and there are
many species. That referred to as
" red sage " is very probably Croton
glandulosus. L-. while the "white
sage " is C te.i'ensis, Muell, or Texas
Croton. The one of eastern Texas,

Location and Management-
the Hive

-Not

I'll tell you, the location and man-
agement have more to do with the yield
of honey you get tftan the kind of hive
you use, supposing, of course, you use
one of the many frame hives on the
market to-day.

300

April 11, 1907

American ^ee Journal

A Great Diffbrknce in Locautiks.

I have just returned from a visit to
all of my out-yards — 3 in number. The
bees in No. 1, about 4 miles from home,
seemed to be getting a living from
fruit-bloom ; only 22 colonies in this
yard.

Yard No. 2 is 10 miles from home,
and has 66 colonies; but the bees at
this yard were very cross, and much
inclined to rob. There is no fruit-
bloom to speak of within 3 miles of
these bees.

Yard No. 3 is about 13 miles from
home, or say 3 miles the other side of
yard No. 2. This yard has 49 colonies,
and is almost surrounded by fruit of
various kinds, mostly wild fruit. Here
I found the bees roaring, and rushing
in and out, as if a real June honey-flow
were on. And the bees were evidently
gathering honey fast for the time of
year.

I have given the above so that the

readers can see what a diiference only
a few miles will often make in a loca-
tion.

Fiei,d-Bees Storing Nectar in the
Cells.

The American Bee Journal comes
out with the positive assertion that the
field-bees deposit their loads of nectar
directly in the cells themselves, and
that it is not given to the young or
nurse-bees, in the way we have been
taught. In this we will have to agree to
disagree with that observer, or else his
bees act differently from our bees of
Texas. I have watched the field-bees
deliver their loads to the nurse-bees
hundreds of times, and have never yet
seen the field-bees go direct to the cell
and deposit their loads of nectar. This
may not be of much importance, but it
is at least very interesting to me. I
should like to hear from some of our
more scientific writers on the subject.
L,. B. Smith.

Rescue, Tex., March 20.

The "Old Reliabli; " u,s bcuii throutrb Nbiv aud Unreliable Ulabstt,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Taking Bees Out of Cellars.

So Mr. Doolittle, although he has a
wheelbarrow with springs, prefers to
obviate jars still further by padding
the top with folded bedquilts. With
such an arrangement he successfully
wheels bees around in July and Au-
gust. His modus operandi of getting
bees out of the cellar is perhaps as good
as anything published ; and yet one
kind o' feels that there is something yet
to be desired. Would it be worth while
to have wet cloths enough for all the
entrances, and to put them all on at
once ? And would a bountiful supply
of thin ice be worth saving up (putting
it in the ice-house) ; and slide a dozen
square inches of it into each entrance
as the cloths are put on ? I don't win-
ter bees in the cellar, and so don't draw
on much experience in making these
suggestions. It seems whatever bees
do get out near the cellar-door hang
around there, and most diligently at-
tend to a business which even hard-
ened old beekeepers don't altogether
admire. I believe Mr. D. didn't men-
tion open doors the night before,
which (under some conditions) is said
to help, if my memory serves me right.
Page 148.

Inferior Wax from Steam-Presses.

This remark of Mr. Byer is not often
printed, if at all : " For some reason
wax from the steam-presses is never of
as good a quality as that obtained by
other means." And we shall look for-
ward with interest to see what the 2

years' supply of slumgum pans out in
the Hershiser press. Page 150.

Cleaning Sections Rapidly.

"Colorado's" experience is instruc-
tive to all that hire help to clean sec-
tions, and probably to all of us. Tak-
ing the sections out and placing them
in a pile so the scraping can proceed
steadily just doubled the amount done.
Even if we don't hire we find with our-
selves that too much changing from
one thing to another is wasteful of
time. Page 151.

Too Thin Bottom-Boards.

Yes, Dr. Bohrer, I have already re-
proved the manufacturers who give us
the too thin bottom-boards and such.
Or was it the size of the " lump o'
sweetness" you would have us seek
that you wanted me to endorse? — not
less than 80 pounds nor more than 300.
If 300 pounds of " honey " be desirable,
why not 400 pounds be more desirable ?
Tell me that. Page 168.

Lower Freight-Rates on Honey.

Is that the way you give it to them,
Mr. Greiuer ? Men are indeed selfish ;
but most of them can — if you go at it
in the right way, and keep at it long
enough — be made to consent that their
fellow men shall receive justice. The
idea is that our Western brothers are
working to be relieved from unjust
classifications and unjust rates. Let's
not dump any logs and boulders in
their road until they ask for something

more than justice. The case of wheat
transportation you mention is not ex-
actly parallel. Most well-wishers of
the human race (except possibly those
whose own toes are pinched) favor the
lowest possible rates on wheat, that the
poor may have bread as cheaply as pos-
sible. No similar consideration works
in favor of honey ; and it is not likely
ever to get into the specially-favored
class. Page 168.

Swarming and Energy.

C. W. Dayton seems to run his pen
through a troublesome truth when he
says, "This swarming disposition is
an indication of energy. If they lack
this energy they will fall short of en-
ergy for other accomplishments." Per-
haps the case is not quite so bad as
that. I think some cases of disinclina-
tion to swarm occur among bees of the
most energetic character. Page 169.

Hivb-Entrances in Outdoor Win-
tering.

The experience of P. E. I., that a
heap of little spruce-boughs piled over
the entrance turned out the best of 7
different ways of doing — that novelty
is fresh and toothsome. Such boughs
will not wad up and obstruct passage
as grass and leaves do. Lots of us
may some time have opportunity to
profit more or less by this if we do not
forget it. But covered up deep in snow
for all the latter half of the winter —
don't believe I would risk that, not
even with the boughs underneath. Too
much temptation to breed themselves
to ruin. Page 174.

Yarns Domestic and Foreign.

Those two yarns of the London Trib-
une and the Minneapolis Journal fur-
nish a good "tit for tat " between bee-
editors on two sides of the Atlantic.
But there is this much to be said in
favor of " we'uns :" The Yankee yarn
was not intended for full belief, while
the British yarn was. As to the lat-
ter, we have scarcely had so fine an ex-
ample of how many times the mere
writer will " get his foot in it " if he
reads up about bees and then tries to
write about them. Page 186.

"Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to leo
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

April 11, 1907

301

American ^ae Journal

spring Management of Bees

BV C. M. DOOLITTLE.

In a letter lying before me I find these
words:

" Will Mr. Doolittle please tell us
through the columns of the American
Bee Journal what should be done from
early spring to the first flow of nectar
which gives a surplus, which is white
clover in my locality ? I winter my bees
in the cellar, and I wish you to begin
with the setting from the cellar."

Some of the articles which I have
written lately cover much of this
ground, but perhaps I can make matters
a little more plain if I try again. As I
take it for granted that the questioner
has only his one home-yard of bees, I
will tell, or answer, him from that stand-
point, rather than from the standpoint
of out-apiaries. I always set out my
bees at the home-yard alone, so have a
spring wheelbarrow with a few thick-
nesses of old carpet or old blankets on
it, so that the bees will experience no
jar from running the wheelbarrow rap-
idly. This padded barrow and a lighted
smoker are left at the door of the cel-
lar, when the cellar door is carefully
opened and I quickly step in, bringing
out the hive nearest the door, and plac-
ing it on the wheelbarrow, quickly shut-
ting the door again, so that those re-
maining in the cellar may not be aroused
by the light and outside air coming
in on them.

The bees in the hive now begin to
realize that their long winter nap is at
an end, and if I took no precautions,
they would be out of the hive and in the
air before I could wheel them to the
stand they were to occupy, many of
them losing their home, and stinging
me badly. To avoid this, I blow 4 or 5
puffs of smoke in at the entrance, clos-
ing the same by putting a wet cotton-
cloth of suitable size sufficient to cover
it without any special work of tuck-
ing it about, when this colony is rapidly
wheeled to where it is to stand for the
season. A few more puffs of smoke is
given them, when the hive is set upon
its stand and the entrance adjusted to
suit the size of the colony, which can
be very nearly told by the amount of
buzzing that occurs on the blowing in
of the smoke.

With this treatment the bees will com-
mence to fly as leisurely as they would
had they been on the summer stand all
winter, and mark their location as per-
fectly, so that we have no mixing of
bees, etc. ; while, had not the smoke
been given they would have all piled
out of the hive with a rush. This go-

ing out slowly is of great advantage to
them in marking their location and re-
pelling robbers.

As soon as set out, the next work is
to see that all have plenty of stores;
and if in a tight-bottomed hive, clean
off the bottom-boards. As I use a loose
bottom-board it is placed on the wheel-
barrow to set the hive on, so I do not
have to disturb the bees afterward on
this account.

To find out about the honey or stores,
the first cool morning go to the hive,
take ofT the cover, and carefully raise
the quilt or honey-board, and look for
sealed honey along the top-bars of the
frames. If plenty is seen they are all
right till they are to be carefully looked
after 3 weeks later. If little or none is
seen, they must be fed ; for, if we are
to reap good results from our bees they
must have plenty of stores at this time
of the year to encourage brood-rearing.

For feeding at this time, I prefer
combs of sealed honey set in next the
cluster, to anything else; and it should
be the duty of every apiarist to set
apart combs from the extracting hives
each year, which are filled with honey,
sealed over, especially for this spring
feeding. If none such can be had, we
must feed sugar syrup, or liquid honey,
if we have it ; but the feeding of liquid
sweets, thus early in the season, en-
tices many bees out to perish in unfav-
orable vi'eather, and tends to promote
robbing, beyond anything else.

Three weeks later the hives are to
be opened generally for the first time,
the goodness of the queen looked after,
and the amount of stores on hand, and
to see that the brood-nest is located in
the center of the hive. For years I have
noticed that brood will not go forward
nearly so rapidly where the brood-nest
is located next to one side of the hive
in early spring, for as the bees increase
their brood, it seems natural for them
to do this from either side alike, and
where the first brood is reared but one
or 2 combs away from one side of the
hive, after a little they can only extend
the brood in one way, on account of the
other side of the brood-nest reaching
the side of the hive. Where I find brood
thus located at this time, I always set it
over to the center of the hive, and
whether I so find or not, I now place
2 combs which are the fullest of honey
next each side of the brood-nest, one on
either side, which helps . brood-rearing
along amazingly.

The great trouble in forcing early
brood-rearing, so as to have it in time
so that the maximum amount of brood
shall be emerged into bees in time for

the harvest of honey from white clover,
seems to be to get the bees to feed
the queen prepared food in sufficient
quantities so that she will lay prolificly
quite early in the season; and the plac-
ing of combs of scaled honey next to
the bees in this way causes them to
remove the honey as brood-rearing goeS
on, and, in thus removing, more food
is prepared than would otherwise be the
case ; and having the food prepared, the
queen is liberally fed.

The scrimping of honey in any col-
ony now, is to be "penny wise and pound
foolish," for unless there is either plenty
of honey in the hives, or plenty coming
in from the fields, brood-rearing will go
slowly, which means comparatively few
bees in time for the harvest. I want
as much as 20 pounds of honey to each
colony at this time of the year, so that
they will not scrimp in feeding the
queen or the larvs now.

As it is about y; days between the
Hme of the laying of the egg and the
time the worker-bee goes out as a field-
laborer, I try, if possible on account of
weather, to have all the colonies fixed as
above 6 weeks before the white clover
opens enough for the bees to work on
it to advantage.

As the colony increases in size, the
entrance should be enlarged so that
there is no crowding out of the bees,
nor any great amount of fanning done
at the entrance. In all of this work
with the bees, it is well, each time a
hive is opened, to see that it is closed
as tightly as possible, so that no cracks
are left to allow the wind to blow into
the hive, or heat from the hive be car-
ried out into the outer air. To be sure,
the bees seem to be able to confine the
most of the heat inside of the cluster,
but, in a certain sense, the warmer the
hive, the more brood there will be
reared. The bees seem able to raise
the temperature inside the cluster up
to the breeding-point, which is about
95 degrees above zero, while that sur-
rounding this cluster is only 40 to 50;
but, as a rule, the higher the tempera-
ture on the outside of the cluster, the
more brood will be reared inside the
same. Therefore it is always well to
lay emphasis on the matter of keeping
the interior of the hive as warm as pos-
sible during the spring months.

Borodino, X. Y.

Queen-Rearing and Nucleus
Management

BY F. L. DAY.

On page 194 Dr. Miller and "Iowa"'
discuss my method of queen-rearing, as
briefly mentioned on page 7. In jus-
tice to them as well as to myself, I will
explain the matter more fully.

Dr. Miller suggests that my failure
to secure laying queens in the 4 nuclei
in question, was because of commencing
too early in the season; but such was
not the case, for I obtained a laying
queen in each of the 4 nuclei from the
first lot of cells given them. The trouble
came later.

302

April 11, 1907

American Hee Journal

The doctor also says in his answers
to "Iowa's" questions that it would have
been as well to have hung the West
cell-protectors and spiral cages contain-
ing queen-cells between the brood-
frames of any colony. Perhaps so with
his bees, but not with mine, as I will
show further on.

On May 29, 1906. colony No. 1 1 had
a 2-story hive containing 20 good comos,
II of which were well filled with
worl^er-brood. On that date 3 frames
of brood and bees, together with the
queen, were taken out and placed in a
new hive to form a nucleus for increase.
The 8 frames of brood remaining and

2 frames of honey were then put in the
lower story, and the upper story re-
moved.

On June 7th, 6 frames of brood and
bees were taken from No. 11 to form
the 4 nuclei having only one frame each.
To this one frame was added one comb
of honey from No. 11, the same being
well covered with bees. Each nucleus
had several queen-cells now nearly
ready to hatch. A laying queen was se-
cured in each nucleus from these cells,

3 of them being excellent, the other
worthless. The 3 good queens were
taken away and used where needed, the
poor one being killed. So far all right
according to program, but these 3 lay-
ing queens were both the first and last,
obtained for many weeks.

When I restocked the 4 nuclei with
ripe queen-cells, I put one or 2 cells in
the West protectors and spiral cages
combined, in each nucleus. I put honey
in the cup which fits in the lower end
of the cage, so that the virgin queen
could have it to eat in case the bees
did not feed her. At first I put only
liquid honey in the cup, and some of
the queens went into it head first and
drowned. Then I mixed a little comb
with the liquid, which made it safe.
Some of the virgins were left in the
cages a number of days and consumed
nearly all the honey. Now note the re-
sults.

If I secured a nice lot of virgins in a
nucleus, then there was no laying queen
to be found. On the other hand, if
there was a laying queen, then the vir-
gins in the cages were so neglected as
to die or become chilled and worthless.
It took me some time to understand
this. I kept the nuclei all stocked with
bees and got all the virgin queens from
them that I needed. I am well aware
that as a rule queens should be fer-
tilized in nuclei, and then introduced
to full colonies, but I did not have
enough nuclei, and the virgins answered
my purpose about as well. Most of
them were given to full colonies from
which the queens had been removed
to prevent swarming. These colonies
were filled to overflowing with bees,
and had from 6 to 10 frames of brood
to hatch. A caged virgin was given
8 to 10 days after removing the old
queen. Two days later the virgin was
released. By the time she got to lay-
ing the bees were over the swarming
fever. In case the first virgin given
was lost, no great harm was done, for
the colony had bees enough to carry
it through the honey season, which

usually ends here from the ist to the
loth 01 August.

.\fter robbing colony No. 1 1 so se-
verely, it might be supposed it would
not amoimt to much, but it built up
strong and gave me about 60 pounds of
surplus honey besides being heavy with
stores for winter.

Detroit, Minn.

N0.2— Things to Do, and Why

Spring Management Continued— Get-
ting Brood Stimulative Feed-
ing-Retarding Swarming—
Making Nuclei

BY R. C. AIKIN.

In the last article I closed with the
question of clipping, this work being
done with the first spring work when
bur-combs are being cut off and all
made slick and so the combs can be
easily and quickly handled. But as it
is not necessary that queens be clipped
until the swarming season is almost on,
I never spend any great length of time
hunting if a queen evades me; still, the
"longer it is delayed when the colony
is getting strong the harder the job.

In order to get somewhat of an ap-
proximate date or time when things
should be done, I will suppose the
honey-flow when surplus and super-
work is to begin, June 15th ; each reader
varying the times to suit location when
applying the principles. And let me
repeat that what I describe will be true
of any location where the conditions are
the same, but, if you have other fac-
tors, remember that just so surely as
a mathematical problem is changed by
bringing in a new factor or changing
the relations of the same factors, so the
change of order or number of factors
with the bees will change results. The
bee is not a reasoning creature as man,
but follows instinct. The apiarist is ever
a varying quantity — does things because
of some whim or notion growing out
of his reasoning faculties, and his action
may be wise or otherwise — you do not
not know where to find him ; but the
bee you know where to find, and what it
will do, if you know its nature and can
correctly reason and analyze the prob-
lem.

Throughout this spring management
the object sought after is the largest
possible force of workers. I know there
will be a few who will take issue with
me and say it is possible to get too
many bees in a hive before the honey-
flow arrives. Well, suppose we admit
that in a given hive we may possibly
get too many bees; the remedy is to
use thein elsewhere — there are always
places where they can be added to
strengthen weak colonies, or they may
be made into new colonies, or in some
way kept awaiting the flow. The cost
of a bee is in its maturing or producing,
and not in its maintenance after grown.
For a June flow in temperate-zone lati-
tudes you cannot possibly get too many
workers produced prior to the flow, so
get as many as possible.

The question of well-bred stock as

against poorly-bred, needs no argument ;
there is such a vast difference between
a stunted, skim-milk calf and a new-
milk, well-fed one ; the same principle
in horses, pigs, chickens and all our do-
mestic stock. Same thing also of poor-
ly-bred farm crops of all kinds, and
just as true of bees. A stunted, skim-
milk queen cannot be the equal of a
well-nourished one, both in the making
of the queen in the first place and in
her care while in service of egg-laying.
But if you have the poor ones in the
spring you must put up with them un-
til you can remedy the defect — make the
best of all queens in preparing for the
coming crop season.

How TO Get the L.\rgest Amount of
Brood.

I Iiave previously spoken of the fact
that queens will start brood in January,
more in February, and all should have
some brood by about March 1st in out-
door wintering, in latitudes of Den-
ver, Omaha, St. Joseph, Mo., Chicago
and Indianapolis. In the early spring,
and until the colony can begin to cover
several combs, not very much can be
done except to have the colony as warm
as possible, plenty of stores within easy
reach, but yet as much empt.v comb
close in about the brood as the queen
may be induced to lay in. How much
she lays depends upon her vigor as
a well-bred, strong individual ; upon
whether she be in her natural, youthful
vigor or failing with age, how well she
is fed and coaxed as it were by the
workers; upon the supply of pollen and
nectar both in the hive and in the fields;
and upon the bees' ability to forage and
lead an active life. While the stores
within the hive are good, yet they are
not nearly so good as that which is
being daily gathered from the fields.

I have seen many a colony with
plenty of stores — yes. too much of them.
Remember that brood is reared in combs
where there is neither honey nor pol-
len, and when a colony has to uncap
and move honey to give the queen room
to breed, they are honey-bound. At
times it is well, yes one of the best pos-
sible things to do to have them move
honey; the more honey a colony handles,
either strictly within the hive' or from
without, the more brood will be pro-
duced, provided the queen is allowed
plenty of cells in the right place as
fast as she can and will use them. Right
temperature, new pollen and nectar
coming in just fast enough so the col-
ony never gets much ahead (say 2 or
3 days' supply), yet are kept busy all
day and every day, is the ideal condi-
tion which will give the greatest amount
of brood. Approach such condition as
nearly as possible, and you will see
much brood, which means much work-
ing force.

But some localities do not furnish
nectar and pollen early, or continuouslv,
when we want the best results in breed-
ing, and we may stimulate by artificial
means. Just how far what "is known
as stimulative feeding can be profitably
used I am not prepared to sav. This
kind of feeding is to give a limited sup-
ply daily or each alternate day; but this
takes considerable time and' care, and

April 11, 1907

^^^^J^ ^^^m American Hee Journal

what is called "fussing." 1 have many
times fed, and that lavishly, in the open
air, but I never tried daily feeding.
The colony must have enough at all
times, but better a limited amount than
too much if the brood-chamber is small;
with a large chamber, that will hold lots
of stores and still give the queen ample
brood-room, then much stores do no
harm. I am an advocate of large bruod-
chambcrs.

The Manipul.mion of Stokes.

Your colony usually starts the brood-
nest near the entrance. If the entrance be
the sumiy or warmest part of the hive
the brood will almost certainly be there.
Now if there be no nectar or pollen
coming in sufficient to stimulate, it is
best to cause the bees to handle honey
within the hive; they ought to "get
busy," for a busy colony is the one that
"gets there" with breeding.

Open the hive, and you will find the
brood in the front end of the combs,
with usually honey, in the back end.
If the colony has brood in say 2 combs,
or even 3, and about as much brood
as they can cover and care for, just
reverse these combs, putting the honey
forward; this does not spread brood but
puts honey to the entrance, and they
get busy moving the honey and will put
it back from the entrance. The colony
w'ill also stretch toward the entrance,
both to guard and in getting outside,
yet they will not pull from the brood
faster than they can do so safely, but
as fast as more comb can be covered
toward the entrance it will be done, and
occupied with brood. The moving of
that honey has caused better feeding
of the queen, which means increased de-
sire to lay ; has also fed the nurses bet-
ter, and results in better feeding of
brood, and so makes a faster and
healthier growth of the colony. The
extra effort in moving the honey pro-
duces more heat, because of the activ-
ity. This, of course, causes the con-
sumption of more stores, but the honey-
returns later w-ill pay, by far, better in-
terest and profit than if you had kept
the honey, or than to have sold it and
put the money in the bank. Activity
and good feeding are the foundation on
which rapid breeding rests.

If my premises are correct in the fore-
going, then it is most likely that stimu-
lative feeding — that is, daily feeding by
supplying feed from without — viiould not
be profitable ; but to cause the workers
to load their sacs and handle stores ii
t>rofitab!e: this latter I do unhesitat-
ingly recommend, either by the method
recommended above, or by uncapping
stores making them run, or in some
way cause the bees to load their sacs.
Many say it damages a colony to manip-
ulate, but I must differ, and say that
proper manipulation is a benefit, for the
very reason that it loads the bees, and
the activity adds heat, and so aids.

So the foundation of success in brood-
rearing is, first, strong, healthy queens,
and such are obtained by breeding from
colonies that show vigor, and the
queens produced under conditions of
proper heat, and well-fed and nour-
ished in their developing. After this,
proper heat and an active hustling,

working condition of the colony — not
too much stores nor too little, but the
bees must be handling supplies. This is
practically all there is to do until the
harvest season arrives.

If your location is one yielding nec-
tar and pollen practically throughout
the weeks preceding the harvest, and
especialy the short period just imme-
diately preceding when the colonies
have become quite populous; and if
the amount of nectar coming in is suffi-
cient to cause the filling of brood-combs
at the ends and along the top-bars, to-
gether with outside combs, a condition
favoring swarming is likely to prevail.
Just at this period it is heat — a hive full
of bees and great activity causing un-
comfortable heal — nurses well fed, and
feeding brood and queen well, the combs
having few empty cells; with these fac-
tors you have swarm conditions, and
many will get ready for the act.

How TO Ret.'\rd Swarming.

I have just spoken of the brood-
combs getting just about full, so that
the queen has limited laying room ; and
of the activity of the colony, and some-
what uncomfortable heat - conditions.
Abundant ventilation given at this time
will remove one disturbing factor, and
will hold part of the colonies, but not
all. Give a set of dry brood-combs un-
derneath the old one, and in this one
put a comb having a little brood in it —
give this at or near the center. This is
equivalent to ventilation, as it spreads
the colony as two persons in a warm
bed shifting to positions as far apart
as possible, or taking separate beds in
a hot night. It also gives both store
and brood room, and will by all odds
control in the great majority of cases.
All this should be done before any
queen-cells are started, yet, if cells are
building, their removal with the changes
indicated will, in most cases, relieve the
bees of the swarming fever. But should
the colony still show disposition to
swarm, they should either be divided,
by taking away some of the bees, or
some of the brood, or both. The re-
moved part may be taken clear away,
and added to weak colonies, or made
into new ones ; or the queen may be
put in that added chamber spoken of
to go underneath with one comb of
brood in it, and over this an excluder
or a board with a hole in it, or a super
between the two bodies; the idea is to
make the brood-nest proper, which the
queen now occupies, seem to be poor
in both honey and brood, but specially
little brood. If .1 board with a hole be
used, the hole should be covered with
excluding zinc. Also provide plenty of
ventilation or shade so as not to "cook"
the upper chamber in a hot sun. Re-
member, too. that drones may clog a
small zinc; I recommend the use of
regular wood-zinc slat honey-boards.

Keep these principles in mind and ap-
ply them, gettiiii; all the bees possible
preceding the main harvest flow, and
hold or keep these bees in some way as
indicated herein, but get them if possi-
ble. And if >ou are so fortunate as to
have conditions that will keep up the
continued activity of the colony, and,
above all, if you have them so that with

the arrival of the main flow you have
the brood-combs just about full of brood
and honey, you should be happy indeed.
I do not have such comlitions, but if I
did I should rear early queens, and
make small nuclei, and certainly strive
to have a large number of nucleus colo-
nies that would have young queens lay-
ing by the time the harvest flow came.
Such nuclei are the foundation for next
year's business. Yes, by all means get
these early nuclei, if- your location and
conditions will at all favor such work;
and even go to extra trouble to pro-
duce conditions that will enable you to
get them. The why for this, and their
value, will appear later. Let me repeat
and emphasize that early nuclei, when
we can have good, well-reared queens —
I say well - reared — not bred — will prove
one of your very best assets.
Loveland, Colo.

Honey from European Foul-
Broody Combs

BY D. J. WEST.

On page 133, Mr. J. L. Byer criti-
cizes my article (page 47) on the use of
formaldehyde on foul-broody combs,
and thinks honey from such would be
nasty.

When speaking of foul brood, I had
reference to European foul brood, com-
monly known as "black brood." Honey
from brood-combs where dead larva
are dried to the cells is nasty, and i
would not like even to taste of it. An
apiarist who is so neglectful as to
to allow brood-combs reeking with filthy
diseased larvae to remain in his apiary
will not be very successful in treating
European foul brood.

My object in the article was to show
that formaldehyde has been used suc-
cessfully on European foul-broody
combs. I have cured quite badly dis-
eased combs under the treatment, but
it does not give very good results on
combs badly affected. I use only badly
diseased combs to experiment with.

We go through each colony of our
apiaries nearly every 9 days in the
working season, and keep good watch
for black brood, etc. If a colony is
found with one to 10 cells of black
brood, it is marked, and if on the next
examination they are more badly af-
fected, some kind of treatment is given.
Weak, diseased colonies are not allowed
to exist, and no combs with rotten brood
dried to the cells are used for extract-
ing-combs.

The brood of some strong colonies
will become diseased and go down very
fast, while other colonies with diseased
brood will clean all traces of it. Taking
the queen away for about 13 davs, and
then giving a virgin queen,' will often
prove a success. This gives the bees a
chance to clean the cells of the diseased
brood, and good brood will be reared in
the same cells by the young queen.

I have 2 combs that were badlv dis-
eased, which were placed in the brood-
nest of a strong, clean colonv 5 years
ago, were cleaned up by the 'bees.' and
no trace of black brood has been seen in
them since.

My claims are that when the combs
are stacked as stated in my first article.

American ^ee Journal

April 11, 1907

the bees clean out the brood that does
not hatch — unless the colony is not
strong enough or the combs are too
badlj' affected — and make them clean
for honey. In badly diseased combs
the bees usually cover some of the dead
larvs with honey. This makes the
honey nasty if extracted.

After the season is over and the
honey has been extracted, the combs are
put back on the same colony where they
were first stacked, and left for the bees
of that colony to clean up all the drip-
' pings of honey that remain in the combs.
We are ver}- careful to let no honey drip
from these combs where bees of other
colonies can get it. The bees of our
apiaries never have access to those
combs as they come from the extractor,
nor to honey that in any way is liable
to carry disease.

I have yet to find a treatment that
will always be successful. Formalde-
hyde treatment has been quite suc-
cessful with us in saving combs,
but we use other treatments more,
as we run our bees for comb
honey, and prefer comb foundation in-
stead of combs for new swarms, as they
work in boxes more readily when put
on foundation, and there is less danger
of disease.

We produce about one ton of ex-
tracted honey per year, of which about
% is taken from the unfinished sections
and sold to our neighbors and private
customers. We can not supply our
home trade, and I don't think we have
ever received a complaint about our
honey.

Middleburg, N. Y.

Construction and Manipula-
tion of Hives

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

I kept bees in Indiana from 1863 to
1873, and during that time I had bees in
13 different styles of hive, that I can
still recall. Among them was the square
hanging frame — the Langstroth frame
in shape, but hung with the long dia-
meter of the frame perpendicular in-
stead of hanging with the long diameter
transversely, as it does in the Langstroth
hive-body. The standard Langstroth
hive was also among my lot, and most-
ly what I depended upon. The Quinby,
or Jumbo, frame I regarded as equal
to the Langstroth in every respect, ex-
cept that the frames were deeper, and
I thought slightly more troublesome to
handle, especially at that time. The
custom of wiring frames had not then
been introduced to bee-keepers, hence
these larger combs were more liable
to break in handling.

I also had a shallow hive consisting
of a bottom-board and frames made of
a top-bar and a bar at each end; and,
if memory serves me correctly, the ends
and top-bars were close-fitting. There
was no bottom-bar. A slot was cut in
the sides of the top-bar to let the bees
pass up into the surplus-honey recep-
tacles. The depth of this frame was
5 1-2 or 6 inches. There was a box that
telescoped over the frames, and rested
on the bottom-board, with a cleated cov-
er. I left this colonv on the summer

stand to winter, and would have lost
it had I not moved frames containing
honey from the outsides of the hive up
to the cluster, the bees having consumed
about all the honey in the frames they
occupied when severe cold weather came
on, which being protracted, would not
permit them either to shift quarters to
full combs, nor to go after and carry
honey to the cluster.

The above facts will point out to the
beginner the danger attending the use
of a shallow hive in outdoor wintering,
especially in a country whether very
much zero weather is common. In a
warm climate a shallow hive may be
trusted in outdoor wintering. But there
is one other difficulty attending the use
of a shallow hive which, to me, seems
insurmountable, in case we place a due
estimate upon time. I refer to the mat-
ter of handling frames in extracting
honey. Each frame must be handled
separately; and. as I have shallow sup-
ers or extracting frames, standard
Langstroth, and Jumbo frames, I have
by actual test learned that I can not by
any means possibly rid 2 shallow frames
of bees, uncap, and extract honey from
them as quickly as I can take one stand-
ard Langstroth or Jumbo frame through
the same process. And as the use ol
the extractor will become more com-
mon, and especially so since the Na-
tional Pure Food Law has gone into
effect, this difference in the time re-
quired in handling the different depths
of frames should not — and it seems,
when viewed from a logical standpoint,
can not, with consistency — be overlooked
and ignored. For people are rapidly
learning that glucose dare not be com-
bined with honey, and labeled and sold
for pure honey, and that honey in the
extracted form renders it the most
wholesome as food. The fact is also
gaining ground that extracted honey
can be produced in larger quantities and
cheaper than comb honej-.

I am aware of the fact that it is
claimed that bees frequently become
frost-bound, and perish of starvation
with plenty of honey in the hive. This
is true in either a deep or shallow hive.
But in outdoor wintering it will occur
much oftener in a shallow hive than in
a deep one, for the reason that there is
less honey in shallow frames than in
deep ones, so that as bees go into winter
quarters, in the front and lower part ol
the hive, they will reach the back part
of the hive in less time (of course, con-
suming the honey as they move back)
than they will in a deep hive of the
Langstroth or Jumbo pattern. I am not
unmindful of the fact that an expert
can winter bees in almost any shaped
hive, but for the beginner to adopt a
shallow hive of any name or form is a
mistake.

I was in Mr. Langstroth's apiary in
1864 and saw a ring suspended bet\veei>
the top and bottom bars, about 3-4 of
an inch in diameter, which was to enable
the bees to pass from one part of the
hive to another during cold weather.
In Indiana I have bored a hole in one
side of the hive and with a warm iron
rod sharpened at the point, passed it
through all the combs, being careful
to perform the operation quite slowly,
and turning the rod as I would an

auger. Here in central Kansas I have
a dry cellar, and put most of my Dees
away during the three winter months,
and have never lost a colony. So I am
not fully prepared to state in positive
language how much merit to attach to
the matter of having openings through
the combs near the center as a means of
enabling the bees to reach their stores
during zero weather. But I am of the
opinion that while it maj-, and no doubt
does, afford a source of relief to an ex-
tent, it is not a positive guarantee of
salety. and nothing short of a frost-
proof depository is. And in the light
of my present amount of experience and
observation I can not say any more in
favor of any other form of hive than
the Jumbo and Langstroth.

I see that the sectional or transverse-
ly divisible hive is held in high es-
teem by J. E. Hand, of Ohio, and J.
E. Chambers, of Texas. These gentle-
men say in Gleanings that with tnis
hive, enlarging or contracting the
brood-nest, supplying the bees with
honey, and finding queens and queen-
cells, are much more expeditious than
with the deeper frame, or Langstroth
and Jumbo hives. Now, while a section
of this hive containing honey or brood
can be placed over another section re-
quiring food or reinforcement, I am at
a loss to know how these gentlemen
manage to find a queen, or learn be-
yond doubt the presence or absence of
queen-cells without ocular inspection of
every part of every comb, whether deep
or shallow ; and how they can make an
ocular inspection without handling each
frame separately. All persons at all fa-
miliar with the habits of a queen know-
that, as a rule, to secrete and absent
herself from view is one of her strong-
est instincts, and that one of the sec-
tions, being only from 5 to 6 inches
deep, affords ample opportunity to carry
out her inclination to absent herself
from view, does not admit of a doubt.
Hence there is a mistake about this part
of their argument. I do not desire
to place a wrong construction upon
their language, and if I misinterpreted
their teaching, I will gladly stand cor-
rected.

But, again, such a hive I see by
prices quoted costs more than either
the Langstroth, the Quinby, or Jumbo
hives. And while I shall not at once
condemn this hive, being in favor of
investigation and experiments careful-
ly conducted, I will say that I was per-
sonally acquainted with Mr. Langstroth
(the greatest inventor of them all), and
also with Mr. Quinbj-, that staunch old
veteran bee-keeper. I learned from
them in personal conversation their rea-
sons for constructing the brood-chamber
of their hives as we see them. The dif-
ference between them is but little,
while the success of all who have adopt-
ed them in the largest apiaries in the
United States, and elsewhere among the
nations of the earth, can not be called
second to any. But instead, very many
who began bee-keeping with both deep-
er and shallower hives than either of
these old, reliable stand-bys, have en-
dorsed their use and adopted either the
Quinby or the Langstroth hive. In
fact, all the 13 or more different hives
that I have tested were claimed bv

April 11 I'MJ'

305

American liee Journal

Ihoir iiivciilors to be superior lo the
Quinby and Langstroth patterns, but
simply ran against a Gibraltar without
having made any impression except to
shrink the contents of the parties'
purses who invested in these so-called
improvements.

The greatest harm that has ever come
to the I angstroth and Quinby hives has
come through cutting good lumber into
worthless fragments, and tacking them
together as a part of a Langstroth oi
Quinby hive. The same is also true of
hives frequently made of store-boxes
and not put together in a workmanlike
manner.

But one feature more about the sec-
tional hive, which strikes me as a mat-
ter of doubtful propriety, is the top-
bar of a frame in an under section, and
the bottom-bar of the frame of an up-
per section, with the open space be-
tween them. .Ml added together amount
to nearly one bee-space between the
combs of the upper and lower sections.
That the queen will not ascend to the
upper section as long as she can find

space below to lay eggs is a fact. And
when she does finally go above in search
of laying room, she will be very slow
in returning to the section below. The
trutli about the matter is that a queen
when left to be guided by her natural
instincts prefers l.iying-space more than
S or 6 inches deep, as is so often ob-
served when she lias long, deep combs
at her disposal. In such cases she will
invariably lay eggs in a circle, and go
from one comb to another on either
side from the comb in .which she began
laying ; thus placing the developing
brood in globe form, which is the best
possible shape for a colony of bees to
place themselves in, to economize the
warmth they generate. This in a shal-
low sectional hive they can not do un-
less the bee-keeper is ever on the alert
to supply an upper section, which the
bees and queen will, through force of
circumstances, enter. But on acc(iunt
of a bar below and one above, with a
5-16 space between, they will do so as
a last resort, and do so reluctantly.
Lyons. Kans.

-^^'

(Convention
Proceedings

fh

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held in San An-
toniu, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

( Jontlnued from page 285 )
New Blood or New Strain.

"I hear our queen-breeders talk about
new blood in bees. Do they mean new
strains?"

Pres. Dadant — I think that can be
answered by yes.

New Blood Annually.

"Is it necessary to introduce new
blood annually?"

Mr. Hatch — I would like to speak a
little on that point ; it seems to me the
honey-bee should be just as capable
of improvement as any other stock, but
as I know invariably we cannot always
control them like other stock, so it takes
a long time. Now in the matter of
gentleness, I have handled them some,
and I have proven that entirely to my
own satisfaction, and I don't believe
that anyone can contradict it, that too
close breeding would give bad results,
and I believe the same thing would hold
in bees; and I believe, as I said, these
things may be done on account of the
bees mating in the air, not under the
bee-keepers' control. I don't know
whether I ought to say that it takes a
good while to improve them, but I will
say that I have better bees than I had
several years ago.

Mr. Hilton — Now, is it necessary to
introduce at all? But I believe I get

the best results by introducing a new
strain annually. The gentkman last
upon the floor has made the matter
very plain, that it is best not to keep
bees to close breeding. Then, if it be
true, is it absolutely necessary that we
introduce new strains annually?

Mr. Anderson — I am here for what
information I can glean. I think this
is a matter of importance, and I am
not satisfied. Now, the question arises,
if you have a strain of good bees, is
it necessary to introduce new blood to
that strain of bees? Now, there is the
point I would like information on ; I
would like to hear from queen-breeders.
Some say if you have got one stock
of good bees, keep it pure, neither breed
nor introduce another blood. Is it best
to keep the strain of blood as you have
it, if it is good, or is it better to cross
it?

Mr. Victor — I think it necessary to
introduce new blood in an apiary an-
nually ; it is necessary in a wild state.
Bees in their wild state seldom swarm.
I say that it is necessary to introduce
new blood, even if it is from the same
stock.

Mr. Chambers — According to my ex-
perience it is necessary to introduce
new blood. You will always increase
vitality by doing so.

E. J. Atchley — These questions come
up at all our bee-meetings, and I think
they should be argued very carefully as
they come up. I think much depends
upon whether it is necessary. If we are
producing honey alone, and not breeding
queens, I would introduce new blood

only when I find my bees getting
down. In some apiaries it is nec-
essary to introduce new blood every
year, and in others it is not necessary;
it is owing to the locality; it is owing
to the kind of honey that is produced,
whether extracted, or comb honey, and
different things that come up in dif-
ferent apiaries; but it is quite necessary
for any bee-keeper who is expecting to
make a living to look to his queens and
bees. When they begin to go down it
is time to introduce a good strain of
blood, but as long as they are up to
the standard it is not necessary.

J. Q. Smith — Mr. President, the gen-
tleman that has just spoken has voiced
my sentiments. I don't think it is nec-
essary to introduce new blood every
year, you might do worse; but if you
find that your queens have been super-
seded with inferior queens, then intro-
duce new blood.

Dr. Bohrer — The introduction of new
blood is that at some time or place de-
generation will begin. Now, the ques-
tion is, when does it begin? I believe
that it begins first; that is, in breeding
and requeening. I would suggest that
good strains of bees be produced from
good breeders, and by this means you
will have good queens all the time. I
sometimes get queens from Texas and
other places, but keep them coming in
from different directions. I have some
queens that I want to get rid of, and
I don't want the queen that stands a
chance of producing a bad strain of
bees.

Mr. Parsons — -Those men who have
just spoken have given me some idea
as to the introduction of these queens,
but I think that the person, who asked
this question, asked it in the interest
of the honey-producer, not from a honey
standpoint. If your bees are not doing
as well as you want them to; if they
don't gather the honey that you think
they ought to gather ; if they are not
as gentle; then I would say that it would
be well to introduce new blood, but be
sure that it is better than the one you
have. It is a very easy matter to get
something that is not so good as the
ordinary; it will not do to depend up-
on getting a queen from an experienced
and honest queen-breeder and breed
from her and requeen your apiary. He
may do all he can, but he has not had
the time to test that queen to see if
she is a good all-around queen ; she
may look all right, but she may be
lacking in that point ; so be sure that
the queen you get is better than that
which you have, else you may make
your bees inferior.

Mr. Bergstrom — I think the question
has been misunderstood. The question
was this. Is it necessary to introduce
new blood annually — every year? I
don't think that there is anything ex-
ceeds the importance of introducing
new blood occasionally, or only when
it is needed.

On motion, the meeting adjourned to
meet at 9 o'clock the next morning.

SECOND DAY— FiKST Session.

The Meeting was called to order at
9:30 a. m. Nov. 9, 1906, by Pres. C. P.
Dadant.

306

April 11, 1907

American Vee Journal

Mr. Hilton — I move that the chair
be authorized to appoint Committees.

Mr. Hatch — I second the motion.

The motion was unanimously carried,
and a recess was given after which the
following Committees were appointed:

ON EXHIBITS.

Louis H. Scholl, New Braunfels, Texas.
D. H. Coggshall, West Groton, N. Y.
A. G. Anderson, Ferron, Utah.

ON RESOLUTIONS.

R. A. Holekamp, St. Louis, Mo.

J. A. Stone, Springfield, 111.

C. C. Parsons, Bluff Springs, Fla.

ON AMENDMENTS.

J. Q. Smith, Lincoln, 111.
W. O. Victor, Hondo, Texas.
W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

ON QUESTION BOX.

C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
Fred W. Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Pres. Dadant — The next subject was
a paper by Mr. Townsend, of Michigan,
on "The Production of Extracted
Honey," and the Secretary being sick
has upset the disposition of papers; and
as the paper may be in the mail this
morning, we will therefore take up the
question-bo.x at once, unless someone
has something else to propose.

Clarifying Beeswax.

"How can beeswax be clarified?"

Dr. Bohrer — In order to determine
what is used to get the wax clear, the
best method of refining wax that I know
of is that one used in the United States
Depository. Go to your druggist and
look up the refinement of beeswax; it
is given in detail; the directions are
there. I used to do it but I will not
undertake to give it today.

Mr. Rouse — I think the easiest way
to solve this question is for every bee-
keeper to use a solar wax-extractor,
and put the wax up in the best possible
shape for the market.

Dr. Bohrer — Will it make it white?

Mr. Rouse — Yes, sir.

Mr. Kimmey — I simply wish to in-
quire the manner in which Mr. Rouse
uses his extractor. I purchased one,
but it does not work satisfactorily.

Mr. Rouse — Well, I cannot say that
I have had a great deal of experience
with it, but what experience I have had
I will give. It is built on the Doolittle
plan. I use it with a double glass as a
reflector to put combs on, and I believe
that the double glass over the top will
produce more heat from the sun, and
I have no trouble to get it hot enough,
and I am sure it will make it hot
enough ; so you had better handle it
with tongs, and it will make the wax
white. When it is first rendered out
it is a little yellow, but put it in the
sun and it will soon be white.

Mr. Kimmey — This is what I have
been trying to get at. I find after the
wax is put in the extractor it does
not melt ; new combs are all right. At
the bottom I find a lot of black specks
and sediment. I want to find out if
anyone had the experience of render-

ing it and getting it into a clarified or
refined state — whether you can do it
with the solar wax-extractor. I find
more or less impurities at the bottom.
I have been obliged to cut the bottom
off of the cake. I am not giving in-
formation, I am asking for information.
I would like to have the experience of
others.

Mr. Parsons — I wish to give my ex-
perience. After the wax has been ren-
dered and run through the extractor
once, then fill the pan about half full
of water, put the wax back into the
extractor, run it through again, and you
will not be troubled with that sediment
in the bottom.

Mr. Hatch — What kind of an extrac-
tor were you speaking of?

Mr. Parsons — A solar extractor.
There are a great many extractors. I
get hold of a good deal of wax that
has been almost spoiled in the rendering,
and I find that I can get more of the
impurities out by putting it in a large
body of water and bringing it to the
boiling point, and let it cool as slowly
as possible.

Mr. Kimmey — Do you soak it?

Mr. Parsons — No, sir, by boiling it
in the clear water, then take it out and
boil it the second time in clear water;
but I find that it is necessary in the
use of the solar extractor to use some
water in the pan.

Mr. Hatch — I would like to say a
word on this. The first speaker sug-
gested that boiling it in water would
help to remove the impurities from the
wax ; but this will not do up in Wis-
consin, at all; there was certain ma-
terial that would run through the wax.
My experience has been, the sooner the
wax is taken off the fire after it is
melted, the better. I never found any
impurities I could not remove by the
solar wax-extractor. One-fourth of an
inch of water in the pan is sufficient,
and I clean out the comb, but leave a
little of that there; it will sift out a lot
of dust and finer particles. This is a
great help, and I say I have seen no
wax but what the solar extractor would
purify.

Mr. Stone — I have found that the
best thing I can do is to place the wax
in a deep vessel, and keep it hot as long
as I can, or let it cool slowly, and more
impurities will come out than in any
other way; and the deeper the vessel the
more dirt will settle to the bottom, and
the more the wax is cleaned.

Mr. Coggshall — As I understand it
now, the bee-keepers in our part of the
country use oil of vitriol, of a certain
per cent, but I don't know what per
cent they use ; that cleans the wax when
it is heated up.

Pres. Dadant — I enter a protest
against the use of oil of vitriol. It will
not take out the impurities.

Dr. Bohrer — I wish to join the Presi-
dent in advising against the use of sul-
phuric acids or oil of vitriol, for the
reason that it will burn the comb out
and take the substance out of it to such
an extent that the bees will not work
upon it.

Mr. Coggshall — I have had no ex-
perience with it, but I understand they
use it in small quantities.

Mr. Parsons — Let us hear from the
President on this subject.

Pres. Dadant — I only wish to say a
few words. I think the great point is
the use of plenty of water. One of the
gentlemen made the remark that his
wax was spoiled by the water. He used
hard water; take hard water in an iron
kettle and your wax will be black. Use
cistern water, and you will have much
better results. Don't over-boil wax, let it
cool slowly, and in that way you get
good beeswax, and by having plenty of
water the sediments will go to the bot-
tom; but don't try the plan stated, of
using oil of vitriol.

Mr. Bergstrom — I would like to ask
a question in regard to melting the bees-
wax. Have you had any experience
with the new extractor, and have you
used it?

Pres. Dadant — No, I wish to say that
in regard to the wa.x extractor, the one
that I thought gave the best results
was the one exhibited by Mr. Hershiser,
of New York ; but the German wax-
press sold by the manufacturers is very
good. Have your beeswax very hot,
and press slowly; leave it on the fire,
and keep pressing. I believe Mr. Her-
shiser's machine, if manufactured, would
be very satisfactory.

Mr. Ripps — I had experience with the
wax while using rainwater, and used ap-
ple vinegar instead of sulphuric acids. I
used that, and it does pretty well.

Mr. Rouse — Is there enough in it, in
clarifving the wax, to pay all bee-keep-
ers to do that? The manufacturer of
the comb foundation will always have it
nice and clear, and I believe he can do
it cheap enough ; and in the remarks
I made awh'le ago I mentioned it in
that direction, so I believe the solar
wax-extractor will clean the wax out
enough. That is what I had reference
to. I don't believe it will pay individ-
uals to go to so much trouble to get a
purifier.

Mr. Johnson — I am one that isnot en-
tirely interested in bee-culture, in mak-
ing money, but I have had some ex-
perience these 40 years, and I have
found, in regard to the solar extractor —
I use my cappings. I take the comb and
boil it, and run it through some old
gunnv-sacks; then I have another ves-
sel full of hot water, say a 6-gallon can,
and put the wax into this, and I find
when it is cool that I have nice, yel-
low wax. It gives satisfaction to those
that I have sold it to.

BEST smoker-fuel.

"What is the best material for smoke
to subdue bees?"

G. H. Adkins— I find that the best
material for the smoker is the stems
from a cigar factory.

Dr. Bohrer— The kind of bees has
something to do with the case. With
the Cyprians I would suggest sulphur
in a mild form.

Mr. Werner— I use dry elm wood,
hickorv wood, or willow.

Mr. Parsons — I use titi, and find that
very good.

Mr. Victor— In regard to the smoker-
fuel I use, the most convenient thing
is sorrething that is always handy, that
is, chips from the woodpile, and the
Cornell smoker is what I prefer. With

Ajiiil 11, 1907

American Hee Journal

a few dry shavings, an old gunny-sack,
and chips from the woodpile, it is
good. It does not matter what kind
of wood you use, but chips are as good
as I have ever used.

Mr. Stone — I would like to ask Dr.
Bohrer, as he suggested sulphur, if he
would put it in his smoker. I want to
say that some parties were repairing
a church in our neighborhood ; they
found a swarm of bees in the roof, and
they came to mc to borrow my smoker
to smoke the bees out. When they
returned the smoker I could smell sul-
phur, and it did not last 3 months until
it was worthless, and I could not use
it; it was covered with little holes.

E. J. Atchley — The best material I
use is dry moss, which is always at
hand ; it is in great abundance around
our apiaries, and I have found it to
work all right.

Pres. Dadant — You will have to ship
it to us, because we don't have it up
North.

Mr. Holekamp — It would not be nec-
essary to ship moss from Texas. Old
rags are plentiful, and the leaves in
the fall are as good as moss ; they are
everywhere, and you don't have to go
South for them.

Mr. Hilton — The smoker-fuel depends
usually upon the locality. In some lo-
calities I can secure one thing, and in
another I cannot secure it. In Michi-
gan the best thing I find is rotten elm,
that we find in the inner part of the
elm tree, and I cut it up into chunks
about 4 inches long, and then put in
something that the bees don't object to,
and that will not injure them in any
way. Some of these things that have
been talked about would be very ob-
jectionable, and I would have something
to say to that, as well as the bees.

W. H. Laws — I wish to enter a pro-
test against cigar-smoke ; those that live
with it under their noses think it is a
good thing. I think what we need is
something to frighten the bees — some-
thing that is not offensive, and will not
anger them. We should give them a lit-
tle that will not frighten but subdue
them; that is all right; but this obnox-
ious smoke is injurious.

Mr. Jouno — I gather rotten wood,
post-oak, live-oak, hickory ; then I ham-
mer this up and put into the smoker.
I find this is a good smoke. I have tried
tobacco and I find it does not do at all.
I find that you will have to have some-
thing pleasant for the bees and pleasant
to the breeder. I have tried chips and
corn-cobs. As to sulphur, just give
them a good charge of sulphur. I don't
know about it rotting out the smoker,
but it would certainly ruin the bees.

Mr. Hyde — I don't believe our bee-
keepers know what is best. These
Northern bee-keepers don't know any-
thing about mesquite ; they have none,
but the best thing in the world to sub-
due bees is the smoke from rotten mes-
quite. We can pick it up anywhere ;
and you can break it up with the hands.
Let it be rotten enough to break with
the hands, and I think it is the best fuel.
I have heard sawdust recommended;
we don't have much of that down here.
As one gentleman said, different locali-
ties have something to do with what

we use, but here in our country we don't
find anything equal to rotten mesquite.
D. C. Milam — I have heard it said
that the thing that is most convenient
is the thing to use. I find the best
smoker-fuel is cedar-bark ; it is handy,
and you carry it around with you ; it
makes a mild smoke; but there is one
objection, it creates considerable creo-
sote; but cedar bark is best I think.

FREIGHT-R.MESON HONEY.

"Freight rates on comb-honey are too
high. Is there any help from the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association?"

Pres. Dadant — We ought to hear first
from the one who put the question. Let
us hear from him.

Mr. Muth— I put that question. The
classification of comb honey is not even
considered by the freight officials on
the railroads north of the Ohio River,
which could be easily remedied if it
would be taken up by the National Bee-
Keepers' Association with the proper
officials. For instance, the Western
classification of freight on comb honey,
(this applies west of the Mississippi
River), reports a l}4 rate. West of
the Mississippi Valley it is a lyi rate.
A 11/2 rate means 90 cents or $1.00
through Wisconsin down to Central
Indiana, where it ought to be about
fourth-class rate. It is classified ij4,
first-class, ij4 rate. We don't take care
of the honey in shipping it; you can see
it coming in boxes. The railroads don't
even know what it is. Mr. France ought
to be the man to answer this question
better than I.

Mr. Holekamp — Would not the classi-
fication on extracted honey be fourth-
class, when we get honey from East of
the Mississippi River? North of that
country is not in the Western classifi-
cation, but the classification there is sec-
ond-class. Now, I would think that it
is worth while for this Association to
take this up and have it uniform. While
I can ship extracted honey from parts
west of the Mississippi River at 26
cents, the same distance east of the
Mississippi costs 56 cents. I have been
taking this up with the freight agents at
St. Louis, but they tell me this is to be
taken up with the others.

Mr. ' Bacon — The railroads of the
United States are divided into three
classifications. West of the Mississippi
River it is the Western Classification;
east and north of the Ohio it is the
Eastern Classification; and south and
east it is the Southern Classification.
Now, we are getting a cheap rate west
of the Mississippi River; we are getting
a cheap rate from the East, but we
found that it cost over $1.00 to ship into
Alabama and Mississippi, where the
rate to Havana, Cuba, was 59 cents
from Watertown, Wis. It does no good
to write letters to the railroad officials;
we should send a representative to the
different railroads which compose these
Classification Committees; it is easy to
turn a man down who writes letters,
but it is harder to turn a man down
who walks into your office in person.
If you will send your representative to
St. Louis, when the Southern Classifi-
cation Committee meets, and also ad-
vise them in :i'lvance, they will hear you.
Railroad men know very little about

honey, and 1 believe if the matter can
be properly placed before the Classifi-
cation Committees, a remedy will be
granted.

Pres. Dadant — Can any of you sug-
gest some other plan?

Mr. Boyden — I would not be able to
tell you a better plan. I think the plan
of Mr. Bacon is the only plan to go by.
I know it does not do much good to
write letters.

Pres. Dadant — Mr. Putnam is a great
shipper, let us hear from him?

Mr. Putnam — I have had experience
with railroads on getting rates for sup-
plies. I had our samples of goods at
St. Louis, and I set the case before the
Western Classification Committee in
Chicago ; and I accomplished some
good at that time, but I have noticed
that there are other parts in the United
States that are not heard by the Com-
mittee, and the rates are very much out
of proportion. I think it would be well
for the National to take this matter
in hand.

Mr. France — If I remember rightly
this Association passed resolutions to
appoint a committee to go before the
Classification Committee and lay this
matter before them ; but they only par-
tially accomplished what they sought
for. The freight-rate on extracted
honey at that time had very little dis-
tinction as to the package, making the
rate very high, no matter what the pack-
age was. We secured a rate which
would include 65 cents, but on comb
honey there had been so many damage
claims put in against the railroads for
breakage that they would not listen to a
change. I do hope that some steps will
be taken to take this matter up with
the different companies of the Freight
Classification. I went to Chicago and
asked them to change the rate from
2d to 4th class. They seemed to hesi-
tate, but when I presented the can,
"Why, sure thing," they said; "that is
entirely in wood." I did not want to
change it, because the old square-top
left it open so anyone could take out
the honey, and then a claim was put in
against us for the loss of honey. They
gave me a ^opy of what would be in-
structions to the agents of the Western
Classification Committee, so that honey
was changed to 4th-class entirely en-
cased in wood. I was afterwards in-
formed that there have been many dam-
age claims where honey was shipped in
cases of two 5-gallon cans, and they
changed the freight classification in
Kentucky and Tennessee, and I was
told also in Texas; that the boxes must
be metal-bound, to keep the wood from
pulling off.

Mr. Laws — This information came to
us, and the cases are metal-bound.

J. F. Teel — We get the metal-bound,
but they are not all metal-bound.

Mr. France — But I believe at present
the freight is higher on comb honey
than it ought to be. I think it would be
well that this matter be in the form
of a committee, and if that committee
will go to work, and accomplish some-
thing, and let me know, as soon as any
change is made, you will know it.

Mr. Rouse — I would like to know if
there is any difference in classifying
extracted honey, or should it be called

American Hee Journal

April 11, lyuT

"strained" honey? I have the idea that
being called "extracted honey" makes it
higher.

Mr. France — It does not. Some years
ago I shipped a case to New York City,
and in order to secure a 4th-class rate
I had to bill it "syrup."

Dr. Bohrer — Are you not of the opin-
ion that there is a body, if you make an
appeal to, they will assist you ?

Mr. France— Yes, sir; it would have
been done long before now if some
other little questions had not come up.

Mr. Kimmey— It seems to me that
this is a matter which is not right ;
it is a wrong we have suffered because
it has not been attended to. It seems
to me that the General Manager is
the man that ought to do it. A com-
mittee ought to be appointed to assist
him, but we should furnish the General
Manager with all the information we
can give him. We ought to pass a
resolution to act, and then we ought
to make a resolution in some way to
empower the General Manager. I move
that this matter be referred to the
Committee on Resolutions for action.

The motion was duly seconded and
carried.

Dr. Bohrer — This same object I pre-
sented to the Convention in St. Louis,
and it was adopted, and the aim of this
resolution was the object of what we
are taking a vote on now. It provided
for a Legislative Committee to be ap-
pointed from each of the States, and
they in turn to act through the Mana-
ger of this body, and ask for a change
that might be necessary as to the trans-
portation companies. It is said now,
and it is a fact, I have no doubt of it at
all, and we, as an organization, ought
to look out for the matter at least, and
in time. If we apply through the proper
officials I believe we could get it. It is
an^ easy thing to appoint a committee,
but it is quite a different thing to get
them to act.

Pres. Dadant — I believe the greatest
trouble is, too many people are ap-
pointed on committees. If you have one
man from each State you will probably
hear from three or four states, and then
the matter will drop. Get two or three
men together and there will be more
action. Now I want to hear other re-
marks.

Mr. Victor — It may not be in order,
but I think there are other questions in
regard to transportation that ought to
come up before we settle this. For in-
stance, I understand there is a question
in regard to rates on bees, and on
comb and extracted honey, and the rate
on bees ought to be considered gen-
erally.

Pres. Dadant— This is a matter of
importance. The Secretary will read
another question on the matter of rates
on bees, and we can include this be-
fore we dismiss the matter.

FREIGHT KATES ON BEES.

"Freight rates on bees from Texas
and other states are so very high. Is
there any help from the National Bee-
Keepers' Association?"

Mr. Bacon — The existing high freight-
rates are due to the negligence of the
majority of the honey-producers. These
railroad men are not familiar with the

production of honey. The best thing is
to get your statistics together and show
them ; get some samples of the ship-
ments of honey from your different
apiaries in Texas, and show them where
it will be to their business interest
to make the rates lower, so they will
figure on this, and, consequently, the
shipments will be larger, and this will
put some more money into their pockets.
These railroads are, as I said, divided
into three classifications. First, I would
suggest, take the Classification Commit-
tee that would cover the greatest move-
ment of honey. First, I would say the
Western Classification ; and if you suc-
ceed, then go to the Southern and East-
ern Classification, and state that you
have got this from the Western ; that
will be very influential. If you will go
before them in a business-like way, and
put the matter before them, they will
give you just as cheap- rates as they
can. I went down to St. Louis last
year and got them to reduce the rates
to the 6th, which got our rate down
one-third, so that we can ship to-day
into these Southern States for two-thirds
of what we used to. I went down there
with my bo.xes and samples, and I told
them the amount of honey that had been
shipped out of a certain place in Texas,
and these men opened their eyes; and
I told them what the honey industry
was in the South, and they responded.

Mr. Stone — I believe in all of this
discussion, that any committee that we
will appoint along this line will do us
no good until we begin at the other
end, and we learn from our General
Manager that the trouble was soon
gotten over when they got to the S-gal-
lon cans in a case together, and then
it had to be iron-bound, and they got
their rates. Now, we will never get
rates on comb honey until the bee-
keepers begin to do their part. I know
men shipping comb honey to customers
200 or 300 miles, and they just ship
it in 12 or 24-pound cases with the glass
exposed, and not put together ; but you
pack your cases in a good box, about as
heavy as two men want to handle them,
then lay handles clear across the sides;
and if the bee-keepers will do this they
will have no trouble in getting these
rates; we will get them for the ask-
ing. This is my experience. I have
heard railroad men say that men will
break the glass and eat the honey, and
we will have to pay for it. I believe the
trouble all lies with the bee-keeper in
the manner he ships his honey.

Mr. Anderson — You are getting pretty
close to me now. Why are we members
of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion? We figure it like this: Because
in unity we think there is strength. We
think through the united efforts of the
bee-keepers of the United States results
can be accomplished for the good of
the honey-producers of the United
States. Now, for instance, Mr. Muth, I
understand, says that the Lord gives
help to those who help themselves.
The good efforts of Mr. Toepperwein
did not reach us all ; we did not think
that we would have to pay full fare
to get down here, and when I asked for
rates they said, "We have heard nothing
from the National Bee-Keepers' .'\sso-
ciation." Now, then, we have a good

country in the North for producing
honey, and there are good localities in
the South for the bees, but when we
have to pay $450 to transport a car of
bees there, we cannot afford to buy or
sell them, when you can obtain a car
to transport horses and other live stock
for $150. I know that through the
united efforts of the Association, through
the Manager, we can obtain better re-
sults. Now, I don't want to encour-
age all the bee-keepers in the South to
ship their bees up North when there
is a honey flow on, but we expect to
buy from them. Now these rates can
be obtained if some one — the leading
oflicers of this Association — are empow-
ered, and will go at it with energy. I
think we should not rest until we get it.

Mr. Holekamp — The work which Mr.
France did before the Western Classi-
fication Committee was satisfactory as
far as extracted honey goes ; but there
are these dift'erent committees, because
extracted honey bears the same identi-
fication all over the country, while the
Western Classification is 4th and 2nd
class; therefore it seems necessary that
these different Classification Commit-
tees ought to be interviewed wherever
their headquarters are, and it ought to
be handled through their headquarters.

Mr. Victor — I had a little experience
in shipping bees to Colorado. They
charged me $200 per car from Whar-
ton. Tex., to Colorado ; the distance we
can travel in 36 hours on a passenger
train. While we are paying two or
three times as much as cattle, the cat-
tle have more attention than the bees,
unless we instruct that they be treated
right. We only get one transportation
while with cattle we get two. I wanted
to experiment along the line and take
care of some honey in the summer and
ship them back in the winter and in-
crease them, but the rates were so high
I could not think of it at all. We Texas
bee-keepers sometimes have a good
many bees to spare ; we can look ahead
and see if our seasons are not going
to be very good, and if the rates were
not so high I think we could ship bees
from Texas to other points to quite an
advantage, and I believe if the rail-
road companies would take this matter
under consideration it would be easy
for them to see that by giving us a
lower rate on bees, they would have
more to handle, which would more than
over-pay the difference on the present
rate.

Pres. Dadant — We should go, ahead
and try to get a better rate, as this
matter is of great importance to us.
We ought to have a committee all the
time interviewing those Classification
Committees, so as to get matters re-
duced ; and I believe we ought to re-
quire this Association to name the men
who are to serve on this Committee.
I believe also that the Board of Direc-
tors will willingly grant the sufficient
amount to pay for the expenses of the
men who will interview those Asso-
ciations. This matter is of importance
to the bee-keepers.

J. Q. Smith— I think that that Com-
mittee ought to find out from the rail-
roads what sized package would be ac-
ceptable to them, and have a satisfac-
tory box, certain weight, and enclosed

April n, 1907

309

^'jf^^br^C

in a certain way, tliat would be ac-
ceptable to the railroad companies to
handle. Now, in car-lots there is not
so much danger, but in small pack-
ages is where the trouble comes in.

Mr. Kimmey — I wish to re-state that
my motion was that this matter be re-
ferred to the Committee on Resolu-
tions. This slip was handed to me ; it
reads, "Ship your honey in proper pack-
ages," and the man who handed it to
me said, "I have handled it in small
packages, and I have carried the pack-
age in my arms on account of the small
packages getting broken." It is the duty
of this committee to advise us what
kind of package to use.

Pres. Dadant — It will save time to
refer to the Committee on Resolutions,
because they can discuss it and present
it to us later.

The resolution was adopted.

ADVERTl.SING TO SELL OR TO BUY HONEY.

"Which would be the better way to
advertise honey, in a bee-paper that
bee-keepers read, or in a public news-
paper that thousands of people read?"

Mr. Werner — I asked that question.
I have advertised honey for sale, in
bee-papers, and not gotten as much as
a postal card ; and then I have adver-
tised in the St. Louis Post-Despatch
and sold as much as 3,000 pounds of
honey.

J. F. Teel — If I were going to try to
buy a whole crop I might advertise
in a bee-paper; but if I want to sell it
out in local lots I prefer the news-
paper. I have found the Dallas News
to be the best medium to sell through,
and I have sold something like 3,000
pounds from one advertisement.

Mr. York — I think it depends a great
deal upon the class of people. If you
want to sell to consumers, advertise in
the newspapers; if to the dealers, ad-
vertise in the bee-papers.

ANY PROGRESS IN NON-SWARMING BEES?

"Has there been any progress made
in the past ten years towards securing
a non-swarming strain of bees?"

Mr. Chambers — I believe from my ex-
perience that there has not been any
success. For 4 years I have had no
swarming in my apiaries. I have had
no success as far as I know, and I
don't believe that there has been a
practical advance in that line.

O. P. Hyde — I don't think the nature
of bees today is the same as it was a
few years ago. I think the nature of
swarming is just the same, and they
are swarming just as they used to
swarm, because of instinct ; and, so far
as any progress being made in the bee
within the last ten years, none has been
made. You will see this in advertis-
ing, "A non-swarming bee ;" but I think
the non-swarming bees and the breed-
ing of the long-tongue bees — there is
nothing in them ; I think it is only a
catch to make a profit and sell bees.
I think the bee's tongue is as long as
it was a thousand years ago, and they
swarm under the same surroundings.
Now, I don't know if I have had two
swarms this year. It is the nature of
bees to swarm ; give them plenty of
room. If you want your bees to swarm,
put on a box of sections and have noth-

American liee Journal j

ing above and no foundation in the sec-
tion, and your bees will swarm right
away. Put on new supers, give them
plenty of room, and sec that they are
(iff the ground.

Dr. Bohrer — .'\rc there not some races
of bees more inclined to swarm than
others?

Mr. Hyde— Yes, sir; the Holyland
bees arc the hardest to control. 1 am
glad you mentioned this. Another thing
is to go through the hives and clip
the queen-cells. I go through my hives
once a week — just as soon as I think
they are fixing to swarm; and then I
go there and clip those cells ; but the
Holyland bee is the most prolific bee
that we have in the South, and it is a
bee that will breed up and make a
strong colony quicker than any other
race.

Mr. Victor — I cannot see why we can-
not make selections in regard to the
honey-gathering, color, or anything else.
.'\s for my part, with the same manage-
ment I had a few years ago, I would
not have over a fifth what I had when
I commenced. I think the disposition
of the bee can be selected in regard to
swarming, and as to stinging; and I
think the conditions under which we
rear our queens have a good deal to
do with the disposition of the queens.
If we rear our queens under the swarm-
ing impulse, those queens will naturally
want to swarm more than those that
were not around the swarming bees ;
and I am satisfied, so far as I am
individually concerned, that my bees will
swarm fully 50 per cent less than they
would six, eight and ten years ago.

NON-SWARMING AND COMB-HONEY CON-
DITIONS.

"What is the best plan to keep bees
in out-yards from swarming, when run-
ning for comb honey?"

Sec. York — Mr. Louis Scholl is asked
to answer this question.

Mr. Scholl — I don't know whether I
can answer that question, because I do
not produce section honey as they do
up North, and I always produce comb
honey in connection with extracted
honey.

E. J. Atchley — I have some experi-
ence along that line, producing comb
honey in out-yards, and I have failed
to prevent swarming, as a rule; but on
general principles, the best plan under
all circumstances is to try to have a
virgin queen in each colony in the out-
yard at the beginning of the honey-
flow. In other words, I suppose that
should mean apiaries where some one
should be there daily, and our queen-
breeders can nearly always have young
queens maturing or hatching at any sea-
son of the year. I know but few in-
stances where I had swarms in other
sections on black comb where I had a
virgin queen in that colony at the be-
ginning of the honey-flow, and this is
a pretty easy matter. Every man should
study his lioney-flow, and know just
when it comes, and at the proper time
arrange to have the queen in each
colony.

Mr. Kinimt'v — Is the result' accom-
plished by reason of the absence of the
laying queen rather than the queen be-
ing a virgin?

Mr. .'\tchley — I like to have colonics
that arc qucenless during a honey-flow.
When we have a virgin queen in that
colony it is supposed to be a colony
that is will organized, and more bees
can be supported from the brood, sim-
ply because there is less brood to care
for and less pollen, and, consequently,
the bees in the supers store more honey
because they are in shape to do so.

Dr. Bohrer — My own personal experi-
ence is that during the swarming and
honey-flow seasons, to give them plenty
of room has something to do with it.
I almost entirely use a two-story hive,
and by extracting some of the honey
above and using the queen-excluder;
and if the queen is confined below, it
seems to subdue the inclination to
swarm.

Mr. Anderson — There is a matter in
my mind that is very important, and
now we are in the middle of our
convention. It is going to trend to-
wards decline from now on ; members
are going away because their tickets
are exhausted, and they are needed at
home, and we all have faith in the good
judgment of our President in the ap-
pointment of committees. The question
of freight-rates ought to come before
the body from the Resolutions Com.mit-
tee this afternoon. Could the Commit-
tee prepare it this afternoon or this
evening? We desire that no one leave
until this is settled. Now, then, we pro-
duce bees and honey to sell, but the
freight-rates are so high we cannot sell
them. In the North there are as good
members as there are here; they are
not here because the tarriff is too high.
If they were here they would voice
their sentiments as affecting the tariff.
Now, then, we know that with this
matter being put in the proper hands
it is going to result in good.

Pres. Dadant — The Committee will
make a report this afternoon in regard
to the transportation question. Now,
Mr. Adkins started to make a state-
ment in regard to a personal matter,
let us hear from him.

Mr. Adkins — I ask that we ad-
journ till 2 o'clock this afternoon.

The motion was seconded and car-
ried.

SECOND DAY — Afteknoon Session.

The members were called to order
by President Dadant, who said, "We
are yet without the papers that were
to be read, but some one has gone to
the postoflice for them, so we will pro-
ceed with the questions until the papers
come. The Secretary will read the next
question.

young QUEENS TO PREVENT SW.\RMING.

"Can I prevent swarming by the in-
troduction of young queens?"

Dr. Bohrer — As no one seems to want
to take the matter up, I will give my
own observations. I have given a
queenless colony a queen just before
she was hatched, and was almost white,
and sometimes they are well received,
and I have never known them to swarm
again. I don't know whether there
would have been any difference if I
had introduced a fertile queen. When
I was a queen-breeder, the queens were
almost white when thev were first

310

American Vae Journal

April 11 1907

hatched out. Walking about among
the bees in Kansas, I think year before
last, I tried that sometimes and the
bees would not take to the queens in-
stantly, and would not accept them,
but I did not try this year, and do not
know how they would have received
them ; if it had been a fertile queen I
don't know what the result would have
been. I might say that the first time
I ever saw this done was in the apiary
of Mr. Langstroth, in Ohio, and when
she came out she was not yet colored,
and in a half or three-quarters of an
hour she had begun to turn and seemed
to be paying no attention. Mr. Langs-
troth said, as a rule, they were acepted
when they first emerged. But as to a
means of preventing swarming, I don't
know.

Mr. France — That varies according to
the latitude and condition of the sea-
son. If a honey-flow is coming in rap-
idly, and the swarming fever has al-
ready advanced, it is pretty hard to
stop it. The time to check the swarm-
ing fever is before it has fully devel-
opend. I think a change would check it.

Mr. Hatch — I have tried almost every
kind of method that has been sug-
gested, and all the methods I could
think of, and have always found fault
with every one of them. One plan
would weaken the colony so as to cut
off the honey-flow, and another plan
would weaken me so I was not fit to
get the honey, and so I let the bees
swarm. One plan is to put a queen-
excluder above the colony, and put a
hive on the lower box.

PREVENTING HONEY-GRANULATION IN
GLASS JARS.

"How can extracted honey be pre-
vented from granulating after being put
in air-tight glass jars?"

Mr. Holekamp — There is being put on
the market honey from California that
is claimed doesn't granulate. Now, our
honey granulates, but there is a way of
preventing this granulation, because
this California honey doesn't granulate.
I would like to know if there is any
way of preventing granulation without
adulterating honey, without changing
the character of the honey?

J. F. Teel — I was brought up in Ala-
bama, and in that country there is a
grade of honey that never granulates.
It is also true in Mississippi. While it
is not a real, firsT-class grade of honey,
it is fairly good, and people prefer it,
who are accustomed to it, and prefer
it to real white honey; but there is a
honey that is pure that doesn't granu-
late.

Mr. France — I will say that of some
6o kinds of honey over the States I
have been learning something. I find
that the honey from the North has a
tendency to granulate much earlier than
that in the Southern States, as a general
rule, so I believe there is something in
the latitude. The flowers and the lo-
cality have something to do with the
granulation.

Mr. Rouse — My experience is that ex-
tracted honey, well ripened, will not
granulate. I have had it in an open
room, that is, the shop or factory where
I work, and I have kept it there all
winter and it has never granulated at

all. It was well ripened when it was
extracted. Sometimes it granulates and
sometimes it doesn't, but I cannot tell
you why. I think there is an element
in the honey or in the weather, or some-
thing.

Dr. Bohrer — I think the kind of honey
has something to do with it. In Central
Kansas alfalfa honey will granulate
sooner than any other honey. I don't
eat anything sweet at the table except
honey, but at home I drink hot water,
and I season it to taste with alfalfa
honey. My folks have a large bottle
with a glass stopper, in which they pre-
pare this honey, but I have to superin-
tend it and put it in warm water every
two, three or four weeks, so it will not
granulate. Now, I have no other dis-
tinct and superior variety of honey that
I am able to speak of. The fruit
blooms are consumed during the breed-
ing season, preparatory to the main
honey flow. The kind of honey has
something to do with the granulation,
and I don't know of any preventive, ex-
cept warming it in warm water about
half an hour.

Mr. Hyde — I have had a little ex-
perience with it. I find that there are
two conditions that will granulate our
honey; that is, the coming of the cold
weather will always granulate all of our
Texas honey ; but we have a honey here
we call the "catclaw," and we some-
times get what we call a crop of 30,
40, to so pounds to a colony and this
will granulate in July or August. We
always harvest it before the first day
of May, and it will granulate when the
thermometer stands at 90 or 100 degrees.
Our catclaw or mesquite honey will not
granulate until the coming of cold
weather ; so the cold weather has some-
thing to do with it, I think; but the
source from which it is gathered has
more to do with it. I had a vial of honey
shipped from Cuba, from one of our
Texas bee-keepers, W. W. Sommers. I
kept that honey for two years and it
never granulated, and the same can be
said of the California honey; it will not
granulate under two years. The granu-
lation is caused from the source from
where it is gathered. Is there anyone
here who knows what the honey is
gathered from in_ California? I would
like to hear.

Dr. Treon — With reference to the
granulation of honey, I want to give
the bee-keepers my experience, while I
have not been in the business over four
or five years. I had an early crop of
honey that comes from the catclaw;
this is our first surplus crop, and some
of this granulated before it was all sea-
soned. I don't know of any other honey
that granulates as quickly as our cat-
claw honey. As Mr. Hyde just said, I
saw some that was brought from Cali-
fornia, gathered from sage-brush, and
it had been in a bottle and was as clear
as I ever saw. I saw it in Hot Springs
Ark., about a year ago. Now in ref-
erence to our other honey, the mesquite
honey is a little slow to granulate, but
as Mr. Hyde said, it will granulate on
the coming of cold weather. Horse-
mint honey will even granulate in hot
weather.

Mr. Laws — My experience is that all
early honey will granulate much quicker

than the honey produced in the Fall.
Our catclaw and waheah will granu-
late sooner. I pack the comb in S-gal-
lon cans, and unless I sell it soon it
will granulate. Our fall honey does not
do this. Our honey that is gathered
in rainy or moist seasons granulates
slowly.

Mr. Teel — I went over into Uvalde
one day, and slept that night under
a catclaw tree. The next morning,
when I woke, the first thing I noticed
the bees were gathering honey from this
brush. By 12 o'clock the temperature
was warm and the honey was candied.
It candies every 24 hours in August
over there.

J. M. Hagood — I think sudden changes
of the weather are the causes. If
we all had cellars to store our honey
in, I don't believe we would be bothered
with granulation so soon.

Pres. Dadant — I personally have no
objection to this. My experience is that
early honey granulates before the fall
honey is gathered; it is something in
the time in which it is gathered, or the
quality.

J. A. Stone — I want to offer an ob-
jection to the cellar; it will cause fer-
mentation of the honey. If you had a
furnace it will keep it all right; you
want a warm place.

Mr. Teel — -The cellar won't work in
the South.

D. C. Milam — I wish to say from ex-
perience, that the waheah granulates
quicker than the catclaw. I have ex-
tracted honey in the evening and next
morning it would be granulated. Cat-
claw blooms in May, and its honey hard-
ly ever granulates until some time af-
terwards. In regard to fall honey, I
have also extracted fall honey from
broomweed, and the next morning it
would be granulated, and wDuld not
run ; so the fall and spring honey granu-
lates alike; but in warm weather it will
not granulate as quickly as it does in the
fall.

Pres. Dadant — In our climate the
early honey granulates and the fall
honey remains liquid.

Mr. Jones — I am froin Uvalde County,
Texas, and I agree with Mr. Milam.
Our waheah honey granulates inuch •
quicker that catclaw. Now, our fall
honey granulates very quickly, and is
thick. This is my experience.

Dr. Bohrer — What do you do to turn
it?

Mr. Jones — Nothing, only to heat it.
As this man stated awhile ago about
unripe honey, it granulates on the bot-
tom, but it never granulates on the top;
you will always find the granulation
at the bottom.

Mr. Parsons — We produce very little
extracted honey, but we pack our honey
somewhat like the Texas bee-keepers,
that is, a portion of it, that which will
not injure the comb honey that will do
to case, and ship it. We put that into
tin boxes and extract a portion of it.
I first fill the vessel full of the comb,
then pour around it the extracted honey,
and where I can put that honey into the
cans and seal them as soon as it comes
off the hives it does not granulate un-
til the next year, p( obably late in the
spring or the summer. If I wait un-
til cold weather comes, along at this

April 11, 1907

.^11

Amc»rican l^ee Journal

season of the year, to put it up, then
by next spring it is almost a solid
granulation ; and it docs not granulate
that year if I pay proper atention to
it, and by proper attention I mean keep
it dry. I do that by building charcoal
fires in my honey-room at intervals, ow-
ing to the state of the weather. If
the weather should be damp and foggy
I then go to the honey-house, build up
a fire and keep it there until the house
is dried out; but if, from any cause,
I neglect it, then it granulates in the
comb, and I think probably that would
help out in almost every instance. If
you will keep the temperature from
getting down t.oo low, or getting damp,
it will do away with a good deal of the
granulation.

Dr. Treon — I want to ask a little in-
formation and at the same time make
some statements. The way I put up
honey in this part of Te.xas, to prevent
granulation of our catclaw honey, which
is our first crop, I heat my extractor.
We produce chunk honey; we fill the
can partially full of comb honey; then
pour in the extracted honey, then fill
the can clear full. We cannot fill it
full of chunk honey. With reference
to granulation, I have had catclaw
honey that will granulate in the spring
and stay that way all the fall. What
I wanted to ask was this: About 3
years ago we had a good honey-flow
in this country — the majority of it was
horsemint honey; we had lots of rain.
This honey was sealed up and under-
went a fermenting process, and the
seals bunst. I would like some one
to explain this. In two or three weeks
the honey would sour in the can.

Mr. Hyde— I didn't make myself
quite plain when talking awhile ago. I
never designated the different kinds of
honey. Our chunk honey will granulate
just as quickly as pure extracted honey,
but our one-pound section honey will
not granulate during the first wmter.

Pres. Dadant — Now, we will come to
the question of fermenting and the
bursting of the caps. I have seen that
quite often, which usually occurs with
unripe honey; that is, honey that is not
matured when capped, and it will fer-
ment and burst the cappings ; this is
the case with basswood honey, but with
no other kind.

Will Atchlej^ — I have had some ex-
perience with the honey, and it has
mostly been horsemint. I tried some
experiments with it an-d was successful.
Before it was sealed up, I carried it
almost to a boiling point. The comb
honey, I simply stacked it on. You
take thin honey that is fermenting and
it will improve from heating.

W. H. Laws — The case with this
horsemint honey, if left with weak
colonies, in my case, when it was placed
over weak colonies for sealing and cur-
ing them, it failed to do it. I have
seen this honey almost boiling out of
the cells.

J. A. Stone — I have had honey that
w^as fermented until it was not eatable,
not marketable at all, and by heating it
I could cure it entirely, and I do not
heat it to the point of boiling.

Mr. Teel — I have had a good deal
of experience where it was newly
sealed, but I believe that it was caused

from combs that had got a little mois-
ture in them, a little wetting in the fall
before, and the sour, vinegar-like sub-
stance would settle in the spring, which
caused the fermentation. The best
thing, is to do away with the combs
when they get in that shape.

Mr. Jones — I have had some trouble
along that line. Maybe it would be in
a low place and a wet season, so I at-
tribute it to the moisture that rose
from the ground; that the combs ab-
sorbed this, and caused them to break.
I have seen it in one-story hives often,
and where the ground was damp all the
caps would swell ; but I have never
noticed it where I had bottom-boards.

SWEET CLOVER SEED.

"Where can I get sweet clover seed
that will grow?"

Mr. Stone — I think Mr. Holekamp
can tell us.

A Member — I just want to say that
I bought some sweet clover seed from
an Ohio firm, I think about three years
ago, and tried it for two years and
never got it up at all. The last year
I soaked the seed 24 hours, and planted
it and it is up, and the clover is grow-
ing nicely now.

Mr. Holekamp — Two years ago I
bought 100 pounds of sweet clover seed,
I do not know who sowed it, but I
understand that wherever these men
have taken their Sunday afternoon
walks that the clover grew all around
there, and it must grow there else they
would not say that. I don't say that
they scattered it !

Mr. Kimmey — It is impossible for me
to understand sweet clover not growing.
I can not conceive how anybody can not
make it grow, except people who don't
want it; it grows like a weed. It has
just occurred to me that sweet clover
ought to be sowed in the fall.

Dr. Bohrer — The question with us is
how to keep it from growing. I came
very near taking up 100 plants and giv-
ing to the bee-keepers ; it will grow, and
can be transplanted the same as cab-
bage plants ; then take the plants up,
set them out where you want them to
grow and you will never have any
trouble. If you allow the seed to get
musty then it won't grow ; and I want
to say that if any bee-keeper will send
me one cent a plant, I will put up a
plant and send to him this fall or next
spring.

Mr. Stone — In Illinois, one of the
professors at the University has dis-
covered that there is a bacterium that
is always on the root of the sweet
clover. If they can get these bacteria,
they say it will grow anywhere. They
are advised by the professor to scrape
up the dirt where sweet clover has
grown, and sow it with the seed.

Dr. Treon — Most of these gentlemen
who have been talking about sweet
clover happen to live some place where
it is raised. We people in this country
have such long drouths that it has been
impossible to plant it without irrigation,
and even the alfalfa does not grow
where it is irrigated. It may be due to
the lack of bacteria. Now, I have what
looks just like a tobacco leaf, and we
are calling it clover. _ That is the only
form of clover in this country, and it

grows wild. I have seen sweet, red and
white clover, but I never saw anything
like that, and the bees gather lots of
honey from it. There is very little of
it in this country. If we can make sweet
clover grow here, this will be an ideal
bee country.

The Secretary then read the following
paper by Mr. E. D. Townsend, of
Remus, Michigan:

THE PROFITABLE PRODUCTION
OF EXTRACTED HONEY

In assigning me this topic, I do not
suppose our Secretary had in mind that
I would say very much new or startlitjg
on this old, worn subject, but we all
know that there are probably no two ex-
tracted-honey producers who follow the
same, identical procedure clear through
the season in producing a crop of honey.
Admitting this to be a fact, it is evi-
dent that we are not all producing ex-
tracted honey to the very best advan-
tage, which means at a less profit. Of
course, the location, the environment
of the bee-keeper, the number of bees
one expects to handle — all have a bear-
ing when discussing this subject.

Just a word about hives, then I will
be ready to take up the main subject.
We have had extensive experience with
10 and 13 frame Gallup, 8 and 10 frame
Quinbys, and 8, 10 and 12 frame Lang-
stroth hives. During the whole 30 years
we have kept bees, many times tiie dif-
ferent sizes and styles were in the same
yards, so comparison of the different
styles and sizes were easily kept track
of. The results are the two extremes;
that is, the small lo-frame Gallup and
the large lo-frame Quinby almost al-
ways showed up poorest at extracting
time, and, on the other hand, those in
the 13-frame Gallup and lo-frame Lang-
stroth usually showed up best, with the
8 and 12 frame Langstroth and 8-frame
Quinby a close second.

After this long comparison, covering
several years each, many of the campari-
sons being with large numbers of
colonies, I do not hesitate to say that
for this location and my management,
there is no size of hive that will produce
more extracted honey, one year with
another, than the lo-frame Langstroth.

Then, our preference is for a lo-frame
body, using 8 of the regular Langstroth
frames for our extracting upper-stories.
This size and style of hive, and upper-
story, suit us best, for our system of
management, which I am about to des-
cribe.

The system we practice and recom-
mend for this location (northern Michi-
gan) for the profitable production of
extracted honey is as follows:

At the close of the season (during
August in Kalkaska Co., and Septem-
ber here at Remus), our colonies are
all "hefted," and any we think have less
than 25 pounds of stores for winter are
fed up. to 30 pounds. This gives us
from 25 to 30 pounds of winter stores
per colony — ample to last until the sur-
plus season opens in June.

Our chaff-hive colonies are packed
for winter about Oct. 1 ; those in clamps
the last of November. The latter are
set on the summer stands as soon in
spring as the frost is out of the ground,
usuallv the last wfeek of March. These

April 11, 1907

American ^ee Journal

are wrapped in building-paper for spring
protection.

There is nothing more done with either
paper - protected or chaff - packed colo-
nies until May 20 to 23, when the paper
is removed from the clamp-wintered
bees, and the chaff removed from the
chaff-packed colonies, and upper-stories
are given to all the medium and strong
colonies. Those familiar with this lo-
cality, will recognize this date as being
about two weeks previous to the open-
ing of the main honey-flow in June. At
this date our freezing nights are usual-
ly over, and our colonies are getting
strong, although there is no honey com-
ing in during this period. Were we to
leave our bees in one single story, many
of them would feel crowded, and swarm
at the opening of our main honev-flow.
Others that did not swarm would sulk,
and likely store only a part as much
honey as if they had been supplied with
an abundance of empty comb-room dur-
ing this period. This abundance of
comb-room keeps the bees in that con-
dition so essential for the best results
in honey-production. The old way was
to tear down the strong colonies to build
up the weak. While the results will be
about the same, this handling of brood-
frames is neither practical nor profitable
in extensive bee-keeping. One visit a
week during the honey -flow, to give
comb-room to store honey in, is all that
is necessary, and as we have comb-
storage to hold our crop, and do not
extract until a week or 10 days after
our white honey crop is over, one man
can attend to four or five established
yards of 100 colonies each, and do all
the work until extracting time, when ad-
ditional help is employed.

With this system, no queen-excluders
are used. Put upper stories on top.
While the queen will occupy the first '
upper story given, by adding additional
upper stories on top, she will be crowd-
ed down into the hive below long before
extracting time; while if this first up-
per story given, now containing brood,
were to be lifted up and empty combs
placed between, and were to continue
this practice of placing our empty up-
per stories next to the hive, we would
be quite likely to have the whole brood-
nest in the upper stories at extracting
time. But by placing the upper stories
always on top, without extracting, we
have been able to keep down swarm-
ing, and have an extracting department
practically free from brood at extract-
ing time. We have used queen-exclud-
ers extensively for several years, and
find that about every third year we have
excessive swarming when excluders are
used; and as we get practically the same
results without them, with the above
management, we are discontinuing their
use.

Each yard is provided with a 12 x 16
foot sectional honey-house, with all the
necessary paraphernalia for managing
them, so there is no moving of tools
from place to place. This makes it
possible to run one or more crews at
extracting time as occasion demands.

Keep piling on empty combs clear
through the season, being careful to-
wards the close not to give unneces-
sary room, or, in other words, get every
upper story sealed and finished that is

possible, as sealed honey is of a much
better grade than unsealed, even when
left on the hives several days after the
season closes, as is our practice.

A week or 10 days after the season
closes — usually the last week in .July in
this locality — we begin extracting. As
we have added all our upper stories on
top, all our partly full upper stories will
be on top at extracting time. These
partly full upper stories are all taken
off, and extracted separately, and the
honey is sold at a less price than our
best grade. This second-grade honey is
as good as, or better than, most of the
extracted on the market.

With this method we get about 14 of
our crop in No. 2 stock. The No. i stock

not tried them, still I don't see any-
thing hurt. .The hives are heavier this
year than usual. Now, I am from St.
Louis, and a good many people think
I cannot get any good honey. Two
years ago I had about 200 colonies of
bees, and I extracted from them about
8,000 pounds of honey and left 10 or
12 pounds, for spring feed. This year
I have about no colonies and got about
4,000 pounds of honey. I put on supers
as soon as I think my bees will need
them, usually about May 20, and as soon
as I think the first supers are about
half filled I put another underneath.
This year our bees worked all summer.
I have some colonies which stored from
100 to 150 pounds of extracted honey,

E. D. TOWNSEND.

is put into new 60-pound cans, and
brings about 2 cents a pound above the
market price, with more customers than
I can supply.

In conclusion, I would say : • Don't do
unnecesary work with the bees. Don't
do work that the bees can do just as
well as you can. Don't handle brood-
frames. Produc. a superior article of
honey, then ask a good, fair price for
your product.

This is an outline of the way we are
managing in the profitable production
of extracted honey.

E. D. ToWNSEND.

Mr. Holekamp — I use the lo-frame
hives, and if I don't use queen-exclud-
ers my queens will go up all through
the hives ; besides that, it makes my
honey dark. I get a much better grade
of honey than I used to get. The honey
is clear, and it is easy to do the work,
especially when fall comes I do not have
to put the frames of brood down ; the
brood-chamber is in good condition. I
raise the front of my hives about one
inch, which I believe assists the bees in
coming into the hives, at least I find
that since I raised the hives that my
bees work quicker, I mean they fly into
the hives without crawling on the en-
trance floor. There is only one objec-
tion, and that is, a person waits too
long without taking it out; but we had
an early cold spell this year and I have

while the weaker colonies did not do
well. A good many colonies were wild
bees, which accounts for the fact of the
small crop. If the bees had been kept
in a fair condition I believe we would
have had a better yield. We have a
good deal of sweet clover which helps
our honey crop. Comb honey is an en-
tire failure with me.

Dr. Bohrer — Do you get ready sale
for the extracted honey there?

Mr. Holekamp — Yes, sir.

Dr. Bohrer — I think it is known by a
number of members that I am engaged
almost entirely in the production of ex-
tracted honey, for several reasons. I
believe it to be the most profitable
method of managing an apiary where
I live, and it is certainly the most whole-
some form to be taken into the human
stomach. And I think it saves the bees
very much time and labor. A great
difficulty is taking care of combs, and it
requires some care. As to the manner
of manipulating the frames during a
honey-flow, I use the queen-excluder
in order to keep the queens from go-
ing above. And I empty the hone}- out
above and put down below for the queen
to fill again, and it is the most profitable
manner for me. The people are ac-
quainted with me all over the coun-
try, and outside of it, and I find no
trouble in selling ni}- honey. I don't
sell to the merchants, because they want
me to take goods in exchange alto-

April 11, 1907

American Hee Journal

313

gctlier, and I don't live on goods alto-
gether.' I put my honey up in 5 and
10 quart vessels, and a great many peo-
ple will buy a quart or a pint when they
use it. But taking it all in all I find it
to be the most satisfactory and the
easiest manner of managing an apiary.
I am not in love vifitli pulling sections
together.

]\Ir. Kimmey — The gentleman has
stated that the greatest difliculty he has
found is in preserving the combs for
future use. For myself, I would like
to know how he overcomes it?

Dr. Bohrer — I have a house that is
closed with ordinary doors, and hang
the frames away there. I take the
empty hive-bodies and put the frames
in them and store them away, and
then put them away as near dry as
possible, and I don't have a great many
millers, yet I have some ; they will get
in there occasionally.

Mr. Kimmey — Do you cover those
hives at the bottom or top?

Dr. Bohrer — I set the hives down on
a plain board, and I don't see how any-
thing can get under them, and the hives
weight each other down ; then put a
cover on and put a weight on them.
This is as near as I know how to get
at it.

Mr. Stone — I would like to have the
author of that paper here, so that I
could quiz him. I don't see how he
keeps the bee-bread out of the upper
stories.

M. E. Darby — I will answer this gen-
tleman's question. I just extract my
honey and then put the frames right
back into the supers, and when the sea-
son comes the frames are all dry, all
the honey cleaned up, then I take the
supers off. I have a honey-house and
I have never yet had a moth to get into
any of my frames. I live near Spring-
field, Mo.

Mr. Cook — I first store the hives and
empty frames, one on top of the other,
but first making it so tight below that
nothing could get in there at all. Then
I put bi-sulphide in that.

Mr. Hyde — Some are discussing the
moth-worms and combs ; it seems to me
that the subject was the production of
extracted honey.

Pres. Dadant — It is the profitable pro-
duction of extracted honey.

Dr. Bohrer — Mr. Townsend is all
right. Now, in our locality that is all
right, but he is not all right on the way
we do up in this country. My plan is to
put the empty frames next to the brood-
nest. They will work those empty
combs much quicker than above. I also
agree with Mr. Townsend as to the
queen-excluder, but I said it does not
make any difference if we run for ex-
tracted honey; we are not going to eat
it, and it does not matter about the
pollen that goes up there. After I get
disgusted with them I call them "honey-
excluders," for they certainly will ex-
clude the honey, and exclude the queen,
so she cannot lay. Now, that gentle-
man over there, I agree with him about
the size of the hive, a lo-frame hive. I
have said why I did not like the ex-
cluder, and, as I stated before, I don't
care anything about the pollen, because
it is not in the way; and if the queen
lays up there, she will lay up there an-

nually and go down. And by the time
you go to extracting again all the brood
will be hatched out, and I don't care if I
leave two or three combs in the second-
slory when I extract the first time.

Mr. Holekamp — I would like to speak
about the moths eating the comb.
Whenever I have comb without any
pollen I have no moths; when I have
pollen in the combs I have the moth.
Then the second thing, I can taste the
honey that comes from the pollen. 1
don't know how pollen tastes in your
country, but it tastes very unpleasant in
my country; it has a peculiar taste that
I don't want.

Mr. Hilton — May I say a word in re-
gard to the writer of this paper? I did
not hear the paper read, but I live less
than 50 miles from him, and there are
a great many things that I know about
Mr. Townsend and his methods, and
there are a great many things that I
don't know about him and his methods.
This I do know, that he is one of the
most successful bee-keepers in the State
of Michigan ; that he can produce the
most honey with the least expense, and
can run the most yards with the least
men. He is a man that would not fol-
low the occupation unless it was suc-
cessful, and he is successful as to the
manner and the matter of the queen-
boards. I am not in a position to
say why he does Some of these things,
but I am able to say that he does the
things that are successful to him and
his efforts. Consequently, he is right,
no matter whether it would work in
Texas, or Arizona, or any other State
in the Union; but in Michigan it is a
success.

Dr. Treon — I want to say something
in reference to the method of keeping
empty combs ; that is one of the serious
objections to Southwest Texas in pro-
ducing extracted honey, in my observa-
tion. I take a bottom-board first and
put it down; then put two sheets of pa-
per on that, then I set the body with
combs on it, and between each body
put two newspapers. When I take my
supers out in the out-yards, put founda-
tion in them, stack them up and set
them on a cover, there are no moths
there, and they fit pretty well, and I
have a number of times found those
frames full of webs, that are made by
small worms ; they got in there and
laid their eggs. The only way that I
know to keep the .combs is to fumigate
them with sulphur, or bi-sulphide of
carbon. And if there is the least bit
of pollen in them, there will be no bees
to protect the comb, and the web-worms
will be in there in 48 hours. We can-
not produce extracted honey as well
as you people that are farther north, be-
cause we cannot carry over the combs.
We cannot use the extractors as you
do, for the reason that our bees swarm
awfully, and it makes no difference
if you shake them or draw brood from
them, they will swarm anyhow, and
some have swarmed in a day or two af-
ter I had drawn two or three frames
of brood.

Mr. Parsons — While we are not pro-
ducing extracted honey at present, I
think I will tell you what we did in
Florida. At each out-yard we have a
bee-house. When the combs were taken

off they were carried off into the wood*
where the bees took all the lioney out
of them, and then were carried back to
the house. The room was built 8 or
10 feet wide and across the side we put
small sticks, say one or two, that ex-
tended from one side of the house to
the other, enough to take our frames,
and they were far enough below so the
combs could hang in there. We put in
other sticks until we got all the comb
in the house. Then every few weeks
we opened those sticks and burned suffi-
cient sulphur to kill the larvx that were
there, and the fumes of the sulphur be-
ing so strong in there the moths were
not very anxious to get in. In that way
we never lost any combs. We have some
trouble now in taking out the hives that
are necessary to keep. We have houses
built the same way, and there is no
danger.

Mr. Hatch — I lost combs the past
summer by the moths, and I was talk-
ing to a neighbor bee-keeper who said.
"I see you are a fool, and you are as I
used to be. If you will take these moth-
balls and put among your hives, they
will keep them out all summer long."
I said, "Have you tried it?" and he re-
plied, "Yes, I have tried it for 6 years."

Mr. Aten— In answer to Mr. Treon,
in trying to cut off the moth, I have
had considerable experience. I wdl say
that it is impossible, I have taken combs
and sealed them up in air-tight jars, and
the moth would eat them up. The moth-
eggs were laid in the colony of bees,
and if you don't fumigate them they
will eat the combs up. Fumigation by
sulphur is a success with me.

T. P. Robinson — I am a honey-pro-
ducer exclusively, that is, I produce
something like 16,000 pounds of comb-
honey, and there were only six or seven
cases of extracted honey. In the pro-
duction of extracted honey I tried to
keep my colonies built up very strong.
If the combs are too heavy to extract
I move them to the super where the
bees will hatch out, and the bees will
fill them up, and I extract again. This
year I extracted from the brood-cham-
bers, and did not leave any honey at
all. The bees did all right; in a few
days they had filled the combs again.
For the last ten years I have had no
damage. But as far as the moths eat-
ing the combs, Mr. Aten is correct.

E. J. Atchley— I have had some ex-
perience in producing extracted and
comb honey, and I think the locality has
something to do with it. If I lived in
Mr. Townsend's neighborhood, I would
hardly take time to eat and sleep, or
drink, until I found out from him his
management for the production of ex-
tracted honey, and I believe that if Mr.
Townsend were in my locality he would
have to change his plans to be as suc-
cessful in Southwest Texas as in Michi-
gan. Therefore we should run our bees
to the best advantage according to our
own judgment, and a little brood in the
upper stories, or anywhere else in a
hive should not bother us. It seems
that the pollen packed in the combs can
be taken out almost any time. And an-
other thing in the production of ex-
tracted honey, my plan would be what
is known as the "Dadant Plan." And
as to keeping combs from moths, I

April 11, 1907

American Hee Journalj

think that every practical bee-keeper
will keep the moths out of his combs.
There are several ways. You can wash
the extractor, and you can stack them
up on the hives. I have three or four
supers stacked on my hives today, and
the strong colonies are protecting them.
If I were in the North I would prac-
tice Northern methods, according to the
most successful bee-keepers.

Mr. W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Texas,
then read a paper on

THE COMPARATIVE PROFITS

OF QUEEN-REARINQ AND

rtONEV-PRODUC-

TION.

In the discussion of the question of
the comparative profits of queen-rear-
ing and honey-production, I realize that
it is a question that can not be settled
by mere figures, made theoretically, but
a question that can be solved only by
years of practical demonstration right
among the bees, and that, too, by a
skilled queen-breeder.

To rear good queens, and to have
them for the market at all times dur-
ing the queen-rearing season, expert la-
bor is demanded ; without it, commer-
cial queen-rearing is a failure.

To the man who can secure fair crops
of honey, year after year, is not always
due all the credit for his success; the
bees do the labor, the locality furnishes
the nectar, the bee-keeper only furnish-
ing the hives and storage-room, and
takes care of the swarms.

I know just such men who make
money from their bees by honey-pro-
duction alone, who give the bees no
more attention than that just stated; and
these men seldom see a queen-bee from
one year's end to the other. It is un-
necessary to say that such men, though
successful in honey-production, are to-
tally unfit for queen-breeding.

Many persons, successful as honey-
producers, and also familiar with the
conditions generally with the interior of
the hives at all times, become enthused
at seeing the multitude of young queens

hatching about the swarming period,
and conceive the idea that if they could
only get all these young queens mated,
and sell them at a dollar each, (by ad-
vertising a little), they would see the
dollars roll in, while the bees were wait-
ing for a crop of honey!

There is only one reason why a per-
son should embark in the queen-busi-
ness in a commercial way, and that is
environment, coupled with a natural
love for the business.

By environment, we mean where a
person is so situated that he can not
secure a marketable product of honey
from his locality, or where the flow of
nectar is slow and of long duration, so
that the bees use the greater portion
of the season in swarming, or as was
the case with myself in a former local-
ity where at times the honey was so
bitter that it was impossible to dispose
of it on any market.

Where the above conditions exist we
can readily see where the queen-breeder
might do well, while the honey-producer
might have a pronounced failure.

On the other hand, any locality that
has short, heavy flows, one or more
during the season, and between these

flows comparative idleness of the bees,
these conditions would be much better
for the honey-producer rather than the
commercial queen-breeder.

The best possible condition, therefore,
for the queen-breeder is one long-con-
tinued, slow flow of nectar throughout
the entire season.

In my first years of producing honey,
for the market, away back in the '8o's,
I lived in a locality that sometimes
yielded bitter honey; this flow of bitter
honey would usually come late in the
season, after the white honey crop had
been gathered. Some seasons, however,
the late summer rains would bring the
flow earlier, and the bees would store it
right along with the white honey. This
would spoil all for market. I remem-
ber one winter, when my honey-house
floor gave way because of the weight
of bitter honey stored for use in mak-

VV. H. Laws.

ing increase the following season, be-
fore the busy season had arrived, I had
figured out that if this bitter honey
was to continue to be a product of my
apiary, I would better establish some
better form of disposing of it than sim-
ply making increase of bees by the use
of this honey. So before spring I had
already determined that it would be
better to turn the product of the apiary
to first-class Italian queens rather than
bitter honey.

Since changing locality, moving 700
miles further south, conditions and
honey-flow have wonderfully changed,
and possibly had I not been in the busi-
ness I would not be now known as a
commercial queen-breeder.

My present locality, while almost an
ideal one for the rearing of early
queens, is also one that is ideal for an
early white honey crop, providing
weather conditions are favorable, which,
unfortunately, have been against us for
the past two seasons.

Then there are other features of the
business that are to be taken into con-
sideration— the ability of the breeder to
rear good queens, and have them to

ship promptly at all times, in and out of
season, his aptness and fitness to make
and hold a market, by prompt and
agreeable service; his prompt attention
to correspondence ; the satisfactory ad-
justment of all complaints; the proper
caging and mailing of queens, which
make tedious and sometimes long jour-
neys through the mails; and his deter-
mination to stay with the business
through adverse as well as through
prosperous seasons. It is a combination
of all these little details that go to
make success, and it must not be for-
gotten that many long and weary hours
must be put in at queen-rearing that
are unknown to the producer of honey.

Since the keeping of out-apiaries for
honey has become so practicable and
popular, the advantage to the honey-
producer exceeds that of the queen-
breeder. Hundreds of colonies of bees
can be run lor honey, systematized into
out-apiaries, and be made more profit-
able to their owner than if he were to
devote the same amount of labor to
the production of queens, and, neces-
sarily, to a fewer number of colonies.

In the foregoing no mention has been
made of the progress of modern or ex-
pert queen-rearing, for it is possible to
rear queens at a greater profit now than
in former years; but to figure the dif-
ference in the profits of queen-rearing
and honey-production — just when and
how this is to be done, I do not know
where to begin, for so much depends
upon conditions, the localitj-, and the
man, that it would be mere guess-work.

We sometimes know of men w'ho have
produced 30,000, or 50,000, or 75,000, and
occasionally a man that produces 100,-

000 pounds, of honey, in a single sea-
son, which when sold would bring the
modest little sum of $3,000 to $10,000,

1 dare say there are none of our lead-
ing queen-breeders who realize half this
amount from the sale of queens, not
counting the fact that every apiary run
for queens is weakened— if not ruined —
by the excessive sale of this product.
All colonies run for honey are easily
kept in a normal, thrifty condition,
while queen - rearing yards have fre-
quently to be fed.

We now leave this subject to our
brother bee-keepers of this Association,
who may weigh the matter with their
own minds, and render a verdict ac-
cording to their judgment.

W. H. Laws.

Pres. Dadant — The matter is open for
discussion now. I think the rearing of
queens in the South is of great import-
ance.

W. H. Laws — I wish to say that this
matter is of but little importance to the
honey-producer. I will also say that I
have made a few figures. I think that
these people have spent on an average
of $40 to $50, and, figuring it up, it
seems about $40 per hour while we are
in session, and I want to call your at-
tention to the fact that a Mexican Sup-
per has been prepared for our members.

Mr. France — I assure you that this is
a part of the program that the North-
ern people appreciate, and in order to
make everything satisfactory, Mr. Toep-
perwein says that it will be wise to go
soon. The distance to this first-class
Mexican supper is a little too far to

April 11, 1907

315

American Hee Journal

walk, so we arc advised to take the car.
Mr. Toeppcrwein will go with the first
section, and Mr. Laws with the second.
The meeting then adjourned until 8
p.m., and all attended the Moxii-an sup-
per, given at the " Original Mexican
Restaurant.''

SECOND DAY— Evening Sessio.v.

The meeting was called to order at
8 130 by Pres. C. P. Dadant. The first half
hour was spent in listening to an address
by Judge T. M. Paschal, who went to
Los Angeles in 1903 to help bring the
National Bee-Keepers' Association to
San Antonio, his subject being, "The
Bee-Keeping Resources of Texas."

Pres. Dadant — There was to have
been a paper read at this time by Dr.
E. F. Phillips, of Washington, D. C., on
"What Science May do for Bee-Keep-
ing," but as he has not arrived yet we
will proceed with other business. The
subject for the evening is the report of
the Resolutions Committee on freight-
rates. We will hear from the Secretary.

Report o-j Freight-Rates.

We, the Committee on Resolutions,
recommend that the following resolu-
tion be passed by the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, in convention as-
sembled ;

Resolved, That a committee of three
be appointed by the President, of which
the General Manager shall be one and
be its chairman, for the purpose of se-
curing more favorable freight-rates on
the products of the apiary, namely :
honey, bees, and beeswax ; That the
Board of Directors be requested to pass
a resolution authorizing and directing
the General Manager of our Association
to pay out of the funds of the Asso-
ciation the necessary expenses of the
Committee, and such expenses as may
be incurred in bringing before the rail-
road officials such articles as may be
necessary to demonstrate the packages
on which reductions are desired.

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP,

Jas. A. Stone,

C. C. Parsons,

Committee on Resolutions.

Pres. Dadant — The matter is open for
discussion now, and I would like to
hear from the members as to their opin-
ion on these resolutions. Let us hear
from Mr. France.

Mr. France — So long as my name is
mentioned in the resolutions I ought to
be quiet. That involves lots of work;
it means hard work, and that committee
will have more to do than you realize.
I feel that it is of the greatest import-
ance who that committee are. As for
suggestions, the Resolution Committee
has nearly covered it, what is expected.
I don't know of any way that we can
use the funds of the treasury to a better
advantage than for something of this
nature; for every one has more or less
shipping, and will get direct results,
whatever they may be.

Mr. York — Mr. Chairman, in order to
do this I move the adoption of the reso-
lutions.

Dr. Bohrer — I would like to hear the
resolution read again.

Wm. Atchley — Does that include ex-
press-rates, or freight-rates only?

Pres. Dadant— I'rcight-rates only. It
is more diflicult to do anything with
express companies than the railroad
companies.

Mr. Anderson — I see dawning in the
distance that which I have hoped for,
at least ever since I have been a bee-
keeper. The transportation facilities of
the bee-keepers' products have been so
inconvenient in many localities that it
has actually put a stay on the progress
of the industry. I have longed to sec
the time when the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association would be acknowledged
by the railroad companies as a power
in the Nation. I want to congratulate
the Committee on Resolutions for the
work they have done.

Dr. Bohrer — I, like Mr. France, think
that when we tackle a question of this
kind we have a big question to buck up
against. All that can be done outside
of actual organization, not only through
the State legislative body, must be done
by appealing to the railroad companies
ourselves, and bringing our committees
to their special notice. I believe they
are reasonable men, and something may
be accomplished in that way. Now, 1
understand that much is put up in pack-
ages that are condemned, but if these
packages are more secure the railroads
will take them. This committee can
bring this matter to bear and present it,
not only to the bee-keepers, but to the
railroad companies. There is not a man
or woman that has any produce what-
ever but feels that extortions are prac-
ticed upon them. Years ago, up in Kan-
sas, our railroads were controlled by the
Inter-State Commerce legislation, but
the State can only control the railroad
company to an extent, and when it pass-
es out of the State we have no control
over it ; and it is the duty of every bee-
keeper to make an appeal to his Repre-
sentative in Congress. Whenever the
interests of the country are at stake it
takes the people to do it ; you have to
appeal to your Representative. What is
the condition we find now in our Legis-
lative Assembly? Are the true represen-
tatives of all the industries of this
country over-whelmingly in majority in
the House and the Senate?

Pres. Dadant — I wish to call your at-
tention to the fact that you are getting
ofif the subject. Keep within the limits.

Dr Bohrer — I will do it. There is
where you have to commence — you have
to put representative men in these bod-
ies, or you will not get justice.

E. J. Atchley — I think the question
that is before this Association is one of
the greatest importance that can come
before this body, inasmuch as we do not
consider it at all fair that the railroad
companies charge us $450 per car to
transport our bees to Colorado or Utah,
when a car of cattle will be carried the
same distance for $110. We have ap-
pealed as far as possible to the railroad
companies, ami the agents themselves
have felt a surprise that we would have
to pay this amount for a car when we
attend to the bees, load them ourselves,
take them off the cars, and bear all the
burden of the journey, while the cattle
are loaded bv the railroad companies,
unloaded posmIiIv two or three times and
fed, and they .nly pay $110. Under the
existing cire-'.n.stances, when we take

into consideration the rates on bees,
when wc w.uit to ship, it cannot be done,
and I trust and hope that our Presi-
dent may appoint men that may bring
to bear, with the force of himself, such
a great need of a lower rate on bees
that something will be done, and that
we will get this lower rate in the near
future. I trust he will use his best judg-
ment in selecting this committee.

Mr. Hilton — The resolution that is be-
fore the body is certainly a very im-
portant one, and much has been said
touching directly upon the subject, and
perhaps some things have been said that
did not touch directly upon the resolu-
tion. Having had some experience from
a legislative standpoint, I don't know
whether appealing to National Legisla-
tion would help us very much ; but this
I do know, the country is divided up in-
to divisions by the railroad companies,
and if we act in concert we must ap-
peal to first one division and then the
other, until we get the three divisions
of the United States to act in unity, to
get the best results. I think that the rail-
road companies are ready to act when
they learn the situation, and I under-
stand that they have been informed to
the extent that they have made the con-
cessions asked for, and as a committee-
man for two years in my State, I foimd
the railroads were ready to listen to
men that would interest themselves, and
railroad men and railroad corporations
are just as ready to respond to the pleas
of good men as the President of the
United States, or any other man. And,
as I say, if this resolution is carried,
and this committee pursues its work dili-
gently and personally, a better state of
affairs can be brought about, and it be-
hooves us to do the things that are go-
ing to help us and our fellowmen. And
I say again, that I believe the railroad
corporations will meet us with open
hearts and open hands to do those things
that will increase their business, and de-
crease our expenses and increase our
profits.

Pres. Dadant— If there are no further
remarks, I will put the question: All in
favor of this resolution signify by say-
ing Yes. Opposed, No. The motion is
unanimously carried. The committee
has asked that Mr. France act as Chair-
man. He is one of the best workers.
The man who brought this before this
meeting is Mr. Muth ; he deserves to
have a share in this matter, and should
be upon the committee. I so appoint
him. The third man ought to be a bee-
keeper who understands transportation
and who produces a good deal of honey,
and is acquainted with the ra'lroad cora-
panies. Mr. Holekamp should also be
on this committee ; he has shown what
he could do, and he would make a good
member. So I appoint those three men.

Mr. iork — This committee is going to
have a good deal to do, and nothing
would help them as much as to have a
large membership in this Association.
The railroad men are going to ask them
how many are in it, and if they could
say that they represent 10,000 bee-keep-
ers in this country, they would prick
up their ears and listen. I have under-
stood that in some parts of the country
the members are beginning to drop off
a little bit. It seems to me that we ought

316

American 1$^^ Journal

April 11. 1907

to go out all over the country and in-
crease the membership. A large mem-
bership means a whole lot, and when this
committee goes before the Legislature
it will stand a better chance of get-
ting what it asks for. I agree with
Mr. Hilton, that if we send out these
three men, and they are backed up by a
large Association, they are sure to win.

Mr. ijtone — I don't think anything
helped us to secure our Foul Brood Law
but the members that were on our roll
in the State of Illinois. I believe that
Illinois has more members than any
other State in the National; it is up in
the hundreds.

Pres. Dadant — I wish to say that Mr.
Stone knows what he is speaking about
and I think it is through him that most
of those Illinois names have been got-
ten on the list. I hope that the mem-
bers will help add other members to the
National through the State associations.
Unity makes strength.

Mr. France— While we are on the sub-
ject of financial affairs, I will make the
following statement, which is a little in
advance: Betwen Nov. i 190S, and Nov.
I, 1906, I received dues at 50 cents each,
from 832, making $416.00, and I have re-
ceived the dues of no at $1.00 each,
making $110.00. The resolution that we
come in a body was first presented to
the National Association by Mr. York at
the Philadelphia meeting. The first
State to take advantage was New York.
My own State (Wisconsin) immediate-
ly followed, until nearly all of the States
have taken advantage of it. Our ex-
penses this year have been a little more
than our total income, and you will see
where the expenses have been. On the
postal cards calling for reports, I gave
suggestions, wherein the National might
improve. Too many have looked to-
ward the Manager of the Association to
do the work and to make the improve-
ments. I cannot accomplish that alone;
it needs your assistance, and those crop
report postals with personal suggestions
have helped me in more ways than one.
I wish more of you would take advan-
tage of the Information Bureau. It is
worth more than it costs. I am glad
this freight-rate question has come up.
Then another question has come up:
Cannot the National market the honey?
I hope you will never ask the National
to sell your honey. It is too big a job.
But I do believe that all our State and
local organizations can do a great deal
in that line. Each bee-keeper ought to
sell his own products. This has finally
resulted in my getting up what I call
a "Seal Label" for the Association's
members.

Mr. Muth— Referring back to the
committee on freight-rates, don't you
think it would be a good idea to have
the members write us suggestions?

Pres. Dadant — This you can call for,
and let them understand it. Any sug-
gestions to the chairman of the commit-
tee will be communicated to the other
two members — any information in re-
gard to rates, honey and beeswax.

The League Fund.

"Has the National Bee-keepers' As-
siciation received the fund mentioned at
the last meeting, from the Honey Pro-

ducers' League? If so, what is being
done with the money?"

Mr. France — There was turned over
to me on May 30, 1906, the amount of
$1408.27. There was to be a committee
apointed to use it for the purpose for
which it was originally intended. The
Board of Directors were to appoint a
committee. I was notified as Treasurei
of the Association that I would be one
of that committee, and was asked to
suggest some others to work upon that
committee. I said, "Let the President
and Secretary of the League be the
other two. The Secretary is expected
to act conditionally, but the President,
Dr. Miller, declined to serve, and until
a third man is selected nothing can be
done. We want a committee that will
give it justice and satisfaction. I think,
however, that in the near future the
fund will begin to move in the direction
intended. It is not wasted, the fund is
lying there, and there are no commis-
sions on it.

Something Historical.

Dr. Bohrer- — I was at the first National
meeting of bee-keepers held in Indian-
apolis, in 1871. At that meeting we re-
ceived a telegram from Mr. King the
editor of a bee-paper, the name I do
not know. He was manufacturing and
selling a good many hives known as the
"American Bee-Hive." At that time the
ability and claims of Mr. Langstroth
were called in question, and we received
a telegram from Mr. King requesting us
to meet the bee-keepers in Cincinnati
the following February. We agreed to
meet them there. .A.nother association
was organized called the American, and
we concluded to meet one year from
that time in Cleveland and unite the
two. Mr. Quinby was elected president.
I was elected as the vice-president. Mr.
M. M. Baldridge and I were there. Mr.
Langstroth was at Cincinnati. And
speaking of the matter of pictures, we
have the photograph of Mr. Adam
Grimm. If any of the bee-keepers would
like to see it, I would like for Mr.
York to exhibit it, as he has it,
I think. I also thought I had given
him D. L. Adair's photograph, but I
think that possibly I have that at home,
and, if so, I will send it to Mr. York
and have that published, because Mr.
Adair, I think, perhaps, gave the first
idea of the honey-section so exten-
sively used among bee-keepers. He gave
me one of his hives and sent it to me.
I think there, perhaps, originated the
idea of the section. That is about as
much as I know about the first Asso-
ciation. In Cleveland it was known
as the American Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. The first one was known as the
North American Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. I think that the third meeting
was at Cincinnati. That is the early
history of this Association so far as I
learned it.

P. D. Jones— I subscribed for the
American Bee Journal in Cleveland,
Ohio, in 1871, and have taken it ever
since. Captain Hetherington, of New
York, was also there.

Mr. Coggshall— I have had the
American Bee Journal since 1861. It
was published in Washington then. I
have all the back numbers.

Dr. Bohrer — Does anybody know the
name of the editor that published the
paper shortly before the American Bee
Journal was resumed?

Mr. Jones — I can not tell you now
who published it, but I have all the
numbers at home, I can tell you when
I get home.

Pres. Dadant — These are' reminis-
cences of our old members, and we are
glad to hear from them.

Mr. York — I think it ought to be
made a matter of record that Mr. P. D.
Jones, of New York, and Dr. G. Bohrer,
of Kansas, who were present at the
first meetings of this Association, are
attending this meeting.

National Office-Holders.

"Is it true that some office-holders
of the National Association are abusing
the confidence of the membership for
purely personal gain? A charge of this
kind has been made against supply deal-
ers."

Dr. Bohrer — I will inquire who the
officers are, except it be the President
himself. If they are swindling anybody
it has not hurt me.

Mr. Muth — I should think that such
sorry questions should be thrown in the
wastebasket.

Dr. Bohrer— I want to say this: We
ought to be pretty certain that it has
been abused, and if anyone knows of an
officer that has been abusing this con-
fidence, he ought to speak out.
(Continued next week.)

Honey as a Health- Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for §1.25;
250 for j;2.25; 500 for S4.00; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the .\merican Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have .vour advertisement in our columns.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only ?1.40. Send aU orders to
he Bee Journal office.

April 11, 1907

American Hee Journalj

Conducted by J. L. Byek, Mount Joy, Onl.

How to Clip the Queen

By the time this is in print, bee-
keepers in some localities will have
clipped their queens, but in the more
northern parts the majority will be
just thinking of starting at the work.
Nearly every bee-keeper has the "best
way," and as the writer is no exception
to the rule, I want to tell you how I
proceed in this important part of the
work in the apiary.

Nearly all instructors say " catch the
queen ;" but in my estimation this is
entirely unnecessary, as I never think
of touching a queen with my fingers
unless once in a great while one should
happen to leave the combs and be
found on the side or bottom of the hive.

However, we have to Jind the queen.
This done, the lower corner of the
frame is let rest on the hive, and is
held by one end of the top-bar in the
left hand. In the left hand is held a
fine pair of curved-pointed surgical
scissors bought expressly for the pur-
pose at a cost of 60 cents. As the
queen runs up the comb, slip the point
of the scissors under wing or wings as
desired, and the work is done quicker
than you can tell how on paper. It
may seem a little difficult at first, but
by practising on drones it is surprising
how easily you can become proficient
at the job.

The past 2 seasons I have clipped at
least 200 queens each spring this way,
and have never made a mistake. I am
quite sure that every year a lot of good
queens are balled and lost after being
handled ; with the method described
the queen very often hardly notices
that she has been touched.

One of Ontario's extensive apiarists
spent a day with me last year during
queen-clipping, and he declared that I
" did the work too quick for him to see
how it was done," and at different \Xvae.%
I had to point the queen out to him
after she had run around on the other
side of the comb, in order to convince
him that I really had clipped her wings.

I am quite sure that after one has
learned " how," that he will never go
back to the old way of catching the
queen in his fingers.

Sugar-Maple Sap for Bees

A few years ago, while we yet had
considerable forest near us, we usually
expected our bees to gather consider-
able of the sap from the sugar maples,
that would evaporate on the stumps of
trees cut during the winter. I have

seen them during warm days the last
week of March and first week in April,
working as busily as though there was
a regular honey-flow on, and whenever
the weather was fine at this season of
the year, the brood-rearing received a
tremendous impetus.

I remember one spring the branches
of the trees were badly broken by an
ice-storm, and the sap was oozing out
of the hard maples everywhere. Strong
colonies stored as much as 2 combs full
of the syrup, and one warm evening
there was a roar in the apiary as
though we were in the midst of a
honey-flow.

I am sorry to say this is a thing of
the past here, as we now have very
little bush left ; but this does not pre-
vent me from thinking yiha.X I would do
if I were located near a large bush of
sugar-maples. About the time the
boys say " sap's runnin'," I would with
a light hatchet score lightly on the
south sides as many maple-trees as
possible near the apiary. To be sure,
if the trees were not on my own prop-
erty I would first secure the owner's
permission to do the work.

While we do not often hear anything
of the sugar-maple's value to the bees
in the early spring, yet there is no
question that they are a great help,
and at least a few bee-keepers every
spring follow the plan I have just out-
lined.

Mr. Craig- to Continue as Editor
of Canadian Bee Journal

On Feb. 11 the bee-keepers' depart-
ment of the Goold, Shapley & Muir
Co.'s establishment was badly dam-
aged by fire, as mentioned on page 228.
At the Brantford convention a number
of vfs visited the factory, and while
walking through the storeroom where
a very large supply of frames, sections,
hive-bodies, etc., was stored, I re-
marked that this would be a bad place
for a fire, little thinking that within 2
weeks all of the stock would be de-
stroyed. Fire is bad enough at any
time, but particularly so in an estab-
lishment of this kind in the early
spring, when tke bulk of the next sea-
son's stock is all ready for shipment.

The bee-keepers' supply business was
merely a side-issue with the Goold,
Shapley & Muir Co., their firm being
extensively engaged in the manufac-
ture of windmills, galvanized tanks,
concrete mixers, etc., and in view of
the fact of their wood-working plant
being destroyed, they decided to sell

out the bee-supply business to Messrs.
Ham & Nott, a firm that has engaged
in the wood-working business in Brant-
ford for some time. This firm has
also taken over the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal, and I understand that Mr. W. J.
Craig will continue as editor.

The Messrs. Ham & Nott have our
best wishes, and we trust that the
supply business may be a success with
them ; and also that the Canadian Bee
Journal, under their management, will
be a live medium, and truly represen-
tative of the calling to which it is de-
voted.

Contracted Hive-Entrances in
Winter

Allen Latham says that colonies that
have entrances contracted to one side
of the hive, if the cluster happens to
be on the opposite side, die every time.
Editor Root agrees pretty much with
this view, and yet, not so very far from
here, lives a well-known bee-keeper
who winters from 300 to SCO colonies
with the hive-entrances all at one cor-
ner of the hive. Where he lives the
thermometer often falls to 20 degrees
below zero, and the bees are generally
confined for 4 months or more without
a flight. Yet he winters the bees as
successfully as any other bee-keeper in
the vicinity.

It would be interesting to have Mr.
Latham explain why his theory does
not work out in practise, here in On-
tario.

New Pure Food Law

Under "scare" headlines a well-
known bee-keeper and chemist adver-
tises in one of our papers as follows :

" The new food law takes effect -Jan. 1,

190T." " Even that gathered from your

own bees is not sure to pass inspection if it is
near a city or honey-dew localities, or you
feed your bees sugar syrup in the fall."

It appears to the writer that this is
pretty strong, and if the Pure Food
Law is going to work down fine like
that, there is a possibility that it may
act as a boomerang.

As to honey-dew, if a small quantity
of that in honey would come under the
ban, I suspect very little Ontario honey
would have passed muster last year.
Anyway, suppose a bee-keeper sent a
sample to said chemist for analysis,
and the verdict was '• genuine," how
would he be sure that a sample taken
from another tank would turn out the
same ? Suppose, in a pinch, he might
send the whole crop for analysis in
order to be positive. This might be a
good thing for the chemist, particularly
as the bee-keeper would likely be glad
to turn over the honey to pay the fees
for analysis !

Joking aside, I believe there is a pos-
sibility of " straining at a gnat and
swallowing a camel " in this matter,
and while I have no sympathy with
adulteration, it is to be hoped that
United States apiarists will not be in
such a dilemma as the advertisement
quoted from would lead us to believe
was the case.

318

April 11, 1907

American B«« Journal

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does twt answer Questions by mail.

Growing White Sweet Clover

Have you any white sweet clover seed for
salei If not, where can I find some. Also at
what time of the year should it be planted!

Michigan.

Answer. — I have none; but you should
generally find it advertised in the bee-papers
about this time of year. It may be sown
spring or fall, or any time when red clover
may be sown in your locality. The principal
point to look out for is to have the ground
rolled or tramped down hard after it is sown.
If the ground is soft the sweet clover is likely
to be heaved out the first winter. It seems to
do best on a hard roadside, and the nearer to
that you get your ground the better.

Testing the Purity of Italian Queens

Please turn to page 259 and tell us whether
your views as to the purity of Italians agree
with Mr. Doolittle or " Subscriber."

Wisconsin.

Answer. — When a man as prominent in
apicultural literature as Mr. Doolittle comes
out In a positive manner on any particular
point, especially when he controverts what
some one else has said, he must expect to re-
ceive some whacks in return unless he has
somewhat reliable facts to back him up. More
than once he and I have crossed swords, and
there are few men I'd rather have a spat with
than the same G. M. Doolittle, for when the
smoke of battle clears away we're always as
good friends as ever; so I have no need to
hesitate to give my opinion in the present
case. And that opinion is that you can swal-
low every word that Mr. Doolittle has said in
his article, page 2.59, and he has done good
service in writing just as he has written. I'll
call attention to only one point. " Sub-
scriber " says, " Every drone must have 4

yellow bands Every drone is marked

alike." I've seen a good many drones in my
time, have reared them from a number of
queens imported from Italy, and I don't re-
call that I ever saw one that could be fairly
said to have one yellow band, if indeed a band
of any kind, to say nothing of 4 yellow bands.
Yes, indeed, Doolittle in all right in that
article.

Keeping Bees in a Back Yard

1. I live in town and have ordered 2 strong
colonies of bees to be delivered in May. I ex-
pect to put them in my back yard, which is
30x40 feet, with a good building on the alley
6>^x9 feet and 9 feet high ; or would you ad-
vise me to put them in this building? The
building has house-siding and floor laid with
flooring and a shingle roof. There is a door
in one end and a good window in the other.

2. There is a dwelling house on the next lot,
about 10 feet from the fence, which is 6 feet
high. There is a 6foot tight board fence all
around my yard except the side which my
house is on. Is this fence high enough to
protect people driving along this alley, and

ihe people who live in the house close to the
fence? ^ , .,,.

3. In case I put these bees in the building
it will be necessary to connect the hives to the
outside of the building with a 2-inch tube.
Will they do as well in the building as outside'

4. Will not rats or mice crawl into this
tube in the summer at night and damage the
combs in the brood-chamber?

5 If I should nail coarse wire-cloth over
this hole would that interfere with the bees
while working? . .

6. Do you think I have made a mistake in
attempting to keep bees in town?

1 do not know anything about bees except
what 1 have read in text-books.

Pennsylvania.

Answers— 1. Very likely it will not be as
well as to put them outside.

2 Very likely it will protect successfully.
The mere tact of being in a building would
be no protection to outsiders against the bees,
provided the bees arose from the same height
in each case, and the likelihood is that they
would be higher in the building than on the
ground. A bee rising from the ground to
cross that 6-foot fence would not be as likely
to interfere with a passer-by as one starting
from a point higher up.

3. I'm afraid not quite so well.

4. No; the bees are thoroughly competent
to protect their combs night or day in summer.

5. No; 3 meshes to the inch would allow
free passage to the bees, while barring mice.
But as already intimated, it would be useless
to do anything of the kind in warm weather;
the bees ask no help from you.

6. Likely not; yet you can tell better after
trying. Much depends upon the character of
your bees. There are bees so cross that they
would be sure to make trouble for you.
Something also depends upon your manage-
ment. You can stir up even gentle bees by
untimely handling so they will sting every-
thing within reach. Be careful about open-
ing hives when bees are not gathering much.
There may be an advantage in working rather
late in the day, for if you make bees cross in
the morning they have the whole day to
trouble the neighborhood. If you find your
bees are not gentle you ought to introduce
queens of gentle stock, pure Italians, or pos-
sibly Caucasians.

Bee-Keeping in North Dakota-
Trouble With Queens

1 Do bees do well in North Dakota?
started last spring with one colony and in-,
creased to 4. Each hive was full in the fallj
besides 30 pounds of surplus honey which
took away. The hives are 10-frame, each
frame about 17x6K inches. One frame of
honey weighed 9 pounds. The honey is as
clear as water and of fine flavor. It is ob-
tained mostly from a flower that looks like
sage which grows in the wheat-field. My bees
are in the cellar and are doing well so far.

2 I had bad luck with one colony. Their
first queen was lost in mating. I gave them
brood, and their second queen was lost. Ihen
I sent for 2 queens. I placed one in on top
of the frames in the cage and let the bees eat
her out. In a few days I examined and she
was missing. Then I gave them the other.
She went also. Then I gave them more
brood. Thev reared a queen, but it was so
late she failed to be fertilized. What should
I do with that colony in the spring?

North Dakota.

Answers.— 1. It seems to be a very good
place; at least your bees did well last year. If
you can have such success every year you will
have no occasion to complain.

2 The best thing is to unite with other
colonies, unless you want to send off for a
laying queen. Very likely you'll not be will-
ing to take such advice, but will give the
queenless bees a frame of brood to have them
rear a queen. That looks on the face of it a
wise thing to do; but it you're wise you'll
not do it. In the long run, you'll be the
gainer to unite now, and not try to rear any
queens till later on.

Bees Died in Winter-Swarming Out

—Spring Management— RoDber-

Bees

lake Superior District for Bees

Please give me any information you can
concerning the State of Wisconsin near Lake
Superior for bee-keeping. I am thinking of
going there about April 1. Kestdckt.

Answer.— There are many fine locations in
Wisconsin, especially where basswoods are
plenty The chief trouble is that in general
such locations are fully occupied. It would
not, of course, be wise toward yourself nor
right toward others, to locate where the
ground is already occupied, so the thing to do
is to look over the ground personally to hnd
the proper opening before settling. Of course,
as to individual locations, I can give you no
information.

1. I put 6 colonies into my cellar last fall;
3 strong in bees and stores and 3 that were
rather weak in both. The weak ones came
out all right and the strong ones died. My
cellar is rather warm, and those large colonies
were very uneasy all the fore part of the
winter; the bees died very fast, and they were
all dead 6 weeks ago. What was the cause of

ttisir dviot?^

2 I set the bees out of the cellar March 33,
the thermometer being 60 above zero in the
shade They had been out but 3 hours when
a swarm came out of one of the hives aad set-
tled on a bush and was there about an hour
Then I put it into another hive with some old
combs that I took from the hives where my
other bees had died. Was that all right? By
the way, the old combs had plenty of stores.

3 Isn't it a rare thing to have a swarm so
early in the spring and so quickly after set-
ting out, especially in this northern locality?
What was the cause? t. . t . i

4 I have about 25 old combs that 1 took
from the 3 hives where the bees died the past
winter. About U of tbe lot of conibs are
filled with good honey and considerable pol-
len that is very sour, and the bottom part of
the comb is rather moldy. Will the bees
clean them up, or will they do to give to a
newly-hived swarm later on?

5 Will they do to put into my other hives
this spring for stimulative feeding?

6 Do you contract the entrance in the
spring during cool nights? If so, how much?
Is it not a good plan to contract the entrance
on account of robber-bees in spring?

7. What is a good sign of bees being robbed,
and what will stop them? Iowa.

Answers.- 1. The warmth of the cellar
may have had something to do with it, but
probably still more the closeness, and lack of
pure air. The stronger the colony the more
this would cause uneasiness, and the more
rapid the deaths. If there was light in the
cellar, that would make it worse.

3 Yes, that was all right, although it prob-
ably would have been as well to have given

April 11, 1907

319

AnK*rican Me Journalj^j-^^^ ^^^ J

them at least part of their own coml)8, for
likely they were cleaner than the combs of
the strong colonies that died. That is, you
would return them to their own liive, and
then give them enough full combs from the
dead colonies.

3. Unfortunately such swarming out is not
60 very uncommon. It is not swarming in
the way of usual swarms later in the season,
but merely deserting the hive, and may have
been what is called a "hunger swarm," de-
serting the hive because near starvation,
although sometimes colonies desert in spring,
leaving plenty of stores in the hive, and it's
not possible to tell why they desertj

4. Yes, the bees will clean them up, and
they will do to hive a swarm on, unless too
sour and dirty, in which case the swarm
would desert.

5. I'm not sure whether it would be ex-
• actly classed as stimulative feeding, but you

^ can do nothing better with them than to give
them to settled colonies to clean up. Don't
give too many at a time, if they are pretty
bad; but 2 or 3 at a time in the brood-cham-
ber will be oared for all right, giving them in
place of combs that are very light in honey.
Or, you can give a whole hive-body tilled at
one time, putting it under the colony, only
you must have things pretty well closed up
so as not to invite robbing. Everything must
be close and snug except the one entrance at
the bottom of the lower story, and that should
be as small as possible without troubling the
bees about getting out and in.

6. Yes, just as soon as my hives are taken
out of the cellar the entrances are contracted
to a hole % to 1 inch square. It helps against
robbing, and keeps the bees warmer, day and
night.

7. When you see unusual activity at the
entrance, especially if the colony is weak,
catch one of the bees that comes out with
considerable bustle, kill it, and see if it has
honey in its sac. If it goes out with a full
sac, you may count there's robbing. Close
the entrance so that only 1 or 2 bees can pass
at a time, pile hay or straw at the entrance
and at the sides till as high as the hive, and
drench it well with water. In a large number
of the cases of robbing that occur in spring,
it is because the colonies are queenless and
practically worthless, and the best thing in
such case is to let the robbers carry out all
the hocey without disturbing them. About
the worst thing is to take the hive away, for
then the robbers will pitch into the adjoin-
ing hives. If you take the hive away, put in
its place another hive just like it, with a
comb or combs having just a little honey in
them, letting the robbers clean out the little
honey without disturbing the neighboring
colonies.

Wintered Poorly— His Best Adviser

OOn March 2.5 I put my bees on the summer
stands with but little encouragement. Out
of 3" colonies I have only 8 left. That is the
result of bad fall honey. I will not do like
Mr. " J. T. P.," on page 225, discontinue my
best adviser. I will stay by the ''old reli-
able" American Bee Journal.

Chas. 0. Berqstrand.
Amery, Wis., March 29.

Poop Season in 1906— Another Tall
Bee-Keeper

Last year was a poor season for bee-keepers
here. I secured 1150 pounds of comb honey
and 789 pounds of extracted from 74 colonies,
spring count. I now have 90 colonies in good
condition. I sell all of my honey around the
country and at home at from 14 to 16 cents a
pound for comb honey, and lOJ.j cents for ex-

tracted. It is all sold. I work alone with
the liees from spring until the harvest is over,
about the first of August. Then after that I
work at my trade some, which is that of a car-
penter and joiner.

It seems to me that the Editor of the
American Beo .lournal, on page 6fi, is Inclined
to boast of Mr. Louis H. Scholl, and that .Mr.
.\. K. Koote, on page 216, is somewhat jealous
of him, his man, .Mr. Isaac Wayne, being2
inches better— ti feet and 4 inches tall. Well,
now I think that I must blow my own horn,
as there seems to be no one else to do it. I
am 6 feel and 8 inches in height now, and un-
til 5 or 0 years ago I stood 6 feet 9,'<.' inches in
my stocking feet. I was born of German
parents in East Troy, Walworth Co., Wis.,
in February, 1844. I am not a fleshy man,
but at present tip the scales at '257 pounds.
In the latter part of my teens and twenties I
challenged the Slate of Wisconsin for a
Badger of my equal or superior, through the
Fond du Lao Reporter, but they did not pro-
duce him, and I still hesitate to take a back
seat. Theo. Rehobst.

Campbellsport, Wis., April 2.

Fears Chilled Brood

We have been having tine weather until the
last 3 days. White clover has started and
promises to be abundant.

I took my bees out of the pit, or trench,
March 28. Of the 42 colonies buried I took
out 39 in good shape; but the sudden chill
that has struck us here in Michigan makes
me fear chilled brood. C. H. Benson.

Bellevue, Mich., April 2.

Results of Last Season

From 26 colonies last season I took over
1600 pounds of section honey, realizing some-
thing over $200. I had only one swarm. Here
is the report of one colony I kept on the
scales: It was No. 13. First week of May, 3
pounds; 2d week, 3; 3d week, 17; 4th week,
131.,'; 5th week, 19; (3th week, 15; 7th week,
7; 8th week, i^.2; 9th week, 4; 10th week,
lost 2 pounds ; tlow over. There was a loss
of from }^ to ^4 pound per night by evapora-
tion. The total yield was 84 pounds of sec-
tion honey from this one colony. The best
day's work was the last of May, gaining 6%
pounds.

I commence this spring with 29 colonies.

Bower Mills, Mo. A. E. Patton.

The Farmer Trade in Honey— Early
Spring

This is about the closing of the season for
selling honey, and my honey is about all sold.
The farmer trade has been good. I have a
good many customers among them that buy a
60-pound can of extracted honey at a time.
Just the other day I received an order from a
prominent farmer not many miles distant,
saying that they were going to build, and had
decided that honey was cheaper than butter,
and ordered two tJO-pound cans. The price
was S cents, and he paid the freight. Now
if farmers generally should tumble to the
fact that honey at S cents is economical, what
a change it would make in our business. We
would hardly be able to supply the demand.
It is the duty of each producer to do his share
to educate the public along this line.

I have sold a good share of my honey the
past season in the 10 pound self-sealing pails.
I like the package, and shall try each year to
sell an increasing percentage in this package
unless I can dispose of smaller lots. I get 10
cents per pound in the 10-pound pails, and,
of course, it pays me to sell as much as I can
in that way. I think the paper package de-
scribed recently would be a good one, and I
wish to try it. I don't see why it would not
work just as well for a 2-pound or a 5-pound
package as lor a 1 -pound.

I am not at all opposed to comb-honey pro-
duction, but I think the extracted form is the
one in which the greater part of it should be
used, and always will be. The scarcity of

comb honi;y will bring the price up to that
point where it will pay fome to go to the
trouble of producing It, and thus the demand
will be supplied.

On March 21 our bees were out of winter
quarters here and carrying pollen, although
there were many heavy patches of ice along
the river. This is early for this latitude, and
may not be for the best advantage of the bees.
They may get too much brood started, and,
cold weather coming on again, they would be
liable to suflter. However, Indications are
that spring has come to stay. We hope so.
Harrt Lathbop.

Bridgeport, Wis., March 23.

Wintered Well in Small Hives

I have had the l)ees out of the cellar 2 days.
They have had a Hue airing, and seem to be
all right. I don't know that any have died.
We have taken them out about 3 weeks earlier
than usual for us, while the weather was cool,
so as to prevent the crazy first fiight and
mixing up, and have avoided it. I don't
think they have mixed worse than if they had
wintered on the summer stands; and they
are only 4 days later in getting their first
flight than the few I had packed in leaves and
hay outside. All seem to be strong. I shall
know more about them in a few days. Our
cellar arrangement has many advantages in
this climate, the principal one being that of
saving the labor or trouble of heavy hives or
pacRing. A small man, weighing about 125
pounds, carried out 64 hives in about 2 hours ;
and the evening before carried out 40 in
about the same time. Smaller hives have
some redeeming qualities besides requiring
less lumber to make them.

T. F. Bl\QHAM.

Farwell, Mich., March 25.

Requeening a Laying-Worlier
Colony

I have read C. P. Dadant's article on page
'235, as given before the Illinois convention,
on drone-laying workers, and how to intro-
duce a queen to such a colony. By this
method I have never succeeded in introducing
a queen to such a colony, but by the follow-
ing method I have never failed :

Of course, I have never used tne- comb-
honey stopper. My method is to use a queen
a year or more old. I first select the queen to
be used, put her into a cage without any feed
and keep her there for 30 or 40 minutes.
Then I take her to the laying-worker colony
and gently lift out a comb with no honey, if
possible, or little of it, and also with few bees
on it. I allow her to crawl from the cage onto
the comb where there is no honey or bees.
She at once searches tor honey, and will soon
run up against some bees that will at once
supply her needs, then gently replace the
comb and close the hive. Let them alone for
4 days or so. She will be laying at once. I
have used this plan for a long time and have
never lost a queen. It would not do to use a
young queen, nor do I think it pays generally
to try to save a laying-worker colony. Better
unite them with another colony by putting the
one over the other with a couple of news-
papers between, making a few holes in the
center of the paper with a lead-pencil or some
other small article. Any colony you wish to
unite that way should be reversed, or the end
that was front put back, as they will usually
eat down through the paper at the end where
they think is their entrance, and consequently
they come into contact with the bees of the
lower colony at the back, and away from the
guards. A laying-worker colony of bees
must have a frame of emerging bees given to
them in 4 or 5 days after the introduction of
a queen.

Bees came through in poor condition gen-
erally here, owing to lack of young bees. We
should have fed a substitute for pollen last
fall, consequently they did not breed up
through the winter. All strong colonies are
doing well now on mesquite and catclaw.

Calaveras, Tex., March 29. H. Pipbb.

April 11, 1907

Amorican Hee Journal

CONVENTION NOTICE.

Minnesota — The Minnesota Bee-Keepers'
Association will hold its spring meeting on
Saturday, April 20, 1907, at the Old State
Capitol in St. Paul. The afternoon session
will commence at 1 o'clock, and the evening
session at ti o'clock. Free refreshments will
be served from 5 to 6 o'clock, by the lady
members of the Association. A leading fea-
ture of the afternoon session will be a practi-
cal demonstration of the modern method of
queen-rearing, by Chas. Mondeng; and at the
evening session the simplest way to cure foul
brood. Papers will also be given on, " Spring
Management," by Wm. McEwen; " Produc-
tion of Comb Honey," by Chas. Blomquist;
" Shipping Bees and Honey," by Mr. Gent;
"Bee-Keeping in Connection with Farming,"
by Pres. H. V. Poore; "Bee- Keeping for the
Beginner," by W. R. Ansell; and a paper by
Mrs. E. E. Merrill. Questions on bee-keeping
by any one interested will be fully discussed
and answered. Lay everything aside and at-
tend this meeting; you will never regret it.
We want every one to come, whether a mem-
ber or not. Brother and sister bee-keepers
are all cordially invited. The membership
dues are $1.00 a year, including membership
in the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Chas. Mondeng, Sec.

Minneapolis, Minn.

VUjtnfaA ^ ™a° to work 250 colonies of
TTailiCU bees on shares, or to work by
the month for wages. State age, experience,
and wages expected, in first letter.
14A3t W. E. Forbes, Plainwell, Mich.

Western Bee-Keepers ^^JQll

new cata-

how to save money. Send for our

log of the best Bee- ware made.

THE eOLORlDO DOJIEY-PRODCCERS' LSS'S, Dfnvpr. Colo.

9Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Best No. U'Sections ?"s3Tp?^n '^sc

less. Discounts on Daoz. and Root's hives! and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees
for sale. -- - -

6A14t

H. S. Dubu, St. flnne, III.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

l.,et us quote you prices on Sections. Hives,
t oundation, etc , as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON,

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

NORTHERN KING QUEENS

One Untested, 60 cents; 2 for ?1. Tested, .■=;1
each. Breeders. $5 each. Mailed June 1st.
Orders booked now. Address, B. F. Schmidt,

K.F.D. No. 1, North Buena Vista, Iowa.

14A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

26 EGGS

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

from my Choice
Strain White
Wyandottes, .'Jl.OO

J. F. Michael, Rt I, Winchester, Ind.

14A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden and 3banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing-orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6forf3.3S,or 12 for ?6 So. Tested, $1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.C0. GEO. \^ . BARNES.

lSA26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Our Discounts on

BEE-SUPPLIES

are still in effect. We furnish EVERYTHINQ needed in practical Bee-
Culture, at lowest prices. We make the

Dovetailed, Langstroth, and Alternating Hives.

The most practical, up-to-date hives are the

:m:.a.ssie hci'v^es

We make them. Have you seen them 7

Have you received our new 1907 Catalog ? It is surely the easiest
Catalog to order from that you ever saw. It is so easy that you cannot
make a mistake in your orders — a child can order from it as well as an
adult. Write for it to-day ; it is free for the asking. It is something
new and entirely different from any you have ever seen.

KRETGfiMER MFG. CO., Gouncil BluHS, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

I

I

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

Prices of Italians In April:

One Tested Queen $l.oS

*' Select Tested Queen 2.20

" Breeder Queen 3.30

" Tested Caucasian... 2.Co

Untested in May. All others
ready now from last reason's
reariuff. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For prices on larger
quantities and description of each grade of
Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

ISAtf 204 E. Ivogan St., Clarinda, Iowa.
Mention Bee Joomol vrhen vrrltlns.

How to Make Moneu Easij

Restock your apiaries with Atchley Queens;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leading
races in their purity. Untested, SI each ; ?9
per doz. ; $60 per 100. Tested, $1.50 to $3.50
each; Breeders, $3 to $5 each. 1, 3, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Get our prices before you buy. We
manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will exchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey. Beeswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Honey Co.
Will Atchley, Mgr.
llAtf Box 31S, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.
Mention Bee Journal when wrltlnK.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each ; Tested Queens, $3 ;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Jonmal when vrrttlng.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consig'nlag, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago. III.

New Edition of Dr. Miller's

40 Years Among the Bees

FREE as a Premium for Sending
Two New Subscribers

The book contains 344 pages, bound in
handsome cloth, with gold letters and bees
and illustrated with over 100 beautiful origi
nal half-tone pictures, taken by Dr. Miller
himself.

The first few pages tell how Dr. Miller
got into bee keeping. 31 years ago he wjote
a small book, called " A Year Among the
Bees." But "Forty Years" shows in minutest
detail how he does things with bees and gets
large crops of honey.

How to Get a Copy of Dr. Miller's
" Forty Years Among the Bees "

It is sent postpaid for $1.00, or with the
Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
both for $1.80.

Or, any present regular subscriber to the
American Bee Journal whose subscription is
paid in advance, can have a copy of Dr. Mil-
ler's new hook fire as a premium for sending
us Two New Subscribers to the Bee Jour-
nal for one year with $3.00. This is a mag-
nificent offer, and should be taken advantage
of at once. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

If you want the Bee-Beok

That covers the wbole Apicnltural Field uioie
' completely than anj other pnblished,
send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DlicoanU to the Trade.
Mention Bee Journal when -WTltingr.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

C April 11, 1907

American Hee Journal

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Money-Producers

Texas
dueens

The Famous
Hooey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April, May
and June delivery, for CariiioIaiiH, Ital-
ians, and Goldens— equil to the best, re-
Kardlefs of price. Pkices :

Tested Queens Sl.OO each ; $10,00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " .'j.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, $1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Att OSWEQO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when irrlttnc.

QUEENS FOK YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, $1;
Tested, -51.2.5. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CU.

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop., Berclair, Texas.

12Atf Please mention the Bee Joarnil.

Caroiolans! Italians!

FOR SALE

No disease. 2-comb Nucleus, with Queen,
$3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
UAtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We oiler for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at S2.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at S3. 25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at S3. 00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped about May 10, by express
(charges not prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

3.34 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

SAVE YOUR
QUEENLESS COLONIES

Introduce a vigorous Tested Queen ; we can
furnish them by return mail, from our fine
strain of 3-band Italians; Queens reared last
fall, and wintered in i-frame nuclei. None
better.

L Choice Tested Queens, by return mail, $1
each. LIntested Queens ready to mail .March
15, 75c; fS per doz. No disease, and satisfac-
tion guaranteed

J. W. K.SHAW & CO.

12A4t Loreauvllle, Iberia Co., Louisiana.

FENCEl

STRONGEST
MADE, liuu-
n: chick-
en tlk'ht Sold to tlieus.r Ht Wholesale
Prlcfs. We I'ay Frelithl, ( iit dog^in; free.

COILED SPRING FENCE CO.,
Box s>> Winchester, Indiana*

are ninde overy year in the book haainesfl.
Every fnniily, rich or poor, niufit have
books. During the lawt lew jeiira. $7.r>(X),-
000.00 have been eii-t-nded for Modern
Eloquence. .$12.(100.li0f).t)0 for Stoddnrd's
Lectures. Stn.lKtO.fHW.UO for tlio Century
I Dietioniirv. and the trenicndouB Hum of
SW.OOO.UOli.CO. covering over half a million
Bete of the Fr.cyclopsedia .Brittinnica.
These books were sold by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sellfi more readily than any of the
above. The demand is already so tre-
mendous that more capital is required to
swing ir. or get behind on orderm. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Rememher.the success of this puMi-
cation is not away off in the future— it is
not prospHctive, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishingthisadvertieement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pa>8 targe dividends and is as
solid as the Rock of Giliraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to he so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. • You will never have a
a chance like this again to beconSe

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in Slicce-ssful operation,
already earning liig dividends. and wliich
IB led to sell a small amount of its stock
Bimply because the iiusinees is already bo
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if >ou would grasp this op-
portunity you must

Jji Write Qoick— Only a Few Can Come In

\WI Address your letter to me personally,

^ like this-

\ W. B. Gilbert

Dept. G 28 Jackion Blvd., Chicafo

.121

We will Buy and
Sell

HONEY

,^ of the different grades and kinds.

gaji If you have any to dispose of, or if

^3 you intend to buy, correspond

^Sl with us.

We are always in the market
for

I Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Queens ?rU°i[,^''o^X;reI Supplies

1 sell queens at— 1 queen, 253; doz., .?3 Also
following supplies at 3-^ Roofs prices: 1000
P & I. fences; 1000 plain section-holders- 1000
i^^ili plain sections; Daisy foundation fas-
tener; 10-inch foundation mill; 200 10-frame
wood-zincs; 2 doz. Porter escapes; 500 Hoff-
naan frames. R. 91. « l*I-;.^CKR,
4-\16t i\ordIio«, Cal.

TAYLOR'S. STRMS OF ITALIANS

IS THE BHJST

Long Toneues and Goldens are best of honev-
eatherers; IH yrs a specialty, breeding for bist
huney.gatherers. Untested. 7.',c. or $s a doz •Tested
*l. or 5;i(, a doz.; Select Tested. »;i..5r.. Breeders'
very bes^ fmm $a to $.5. Carniolans same price Try
them We also sell Nuclei and full colonies Bees
in separate yards. Safe arrival guaranteecj.
d. W. TAVLOH & SON
13A10t BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEXAS.

nrntlon Re* Joamal wbea wrltla«.

70 Colonies of Bees
For Sale Cheap

In large quantities. 63.00 per colony and
S3 oO in small lots. The bees are in 10-frame
Langstroth hives, and in excellent condition

0. PROGtINOW, Maijville. Wis.

I3A4t

Standard=Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, SI •
6, S5; 12, .?SI. Select untested, SI. 25; 6 -*6- 1"'
S!0. Tested, $1.50; select, |2 oO\ best, IS List
free T. S. HALL,

llDSt JASPER, Pickens Co., GA

Moore's Long-Tongue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Select Untestpd Queens, *1; 0,85; 12 $9
Tested, $1.50; 6, }8. Best Breeders, S3 50. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cat.

9D131 Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

FOR SALE

50 colonies Italian BEES in S-fr. L. hives
at .*3 50 each. Also a number of Supers, ^.i-
frames, etc. Combs built on fdn., and wired

14\2t aUSTAVE GROSS, Lake Mills, Wis. '

322

1 -^^^^.^^

American ^ec -Journal j

April 11, 1907

Science in Hive-Making

You will find the bee-spaces in Lewis hives absolutely accurate.

This means something-,

Some bee-keepers think a bee-hive is a bee-hive, and that's the end of it.

Thus they are misled by cheap prices, and the dealer making the lowest price gets

the order.

But after all, more than all the honey that they think they have saved, the bees have

lost for them in one season.

Because the bees have spent their time building over the wrongly constructed hive.

Men can make hives better than bees.

Start right with Lewis hives.

Thirt}' years at the business have made them perfect.

There is no "Just as good."

w S 33 t- £

to C 1- « ®

. g S £ fe a ,

• °-a u o '^ 3

0 „J=_ ¥n

J g *j ^ «3 © .

■<3 h-."^ ® t- »

CJ +j -^ 3

1 no B o 5 2.

fe-S-gSa°' =
a 2 S ai S ;"
!5 (o „ « «) o t:

i* H J3 i t«-°
r I ®._= -
o J.^^ o >.

mi; tri — ■ o ,

ilal .-si

J .; j: o -o 3 2

^ -^ fc w to 33

pa

c/iea/) hives h/if/i
imjued my

•r a o « g

oj ** •— ( a

J 00 e ° to'

m
o

-« s s S o

5=258,

•"is -^ H oj

HH to ® a

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a o ts „ "*

o ° S. aa s-
■— ^ otn fc£ °

* ofi .-°'H =■

."I M "

O .1 OJ c

tn iSii be «: ja
^ -i <D Cfl t- «■

63t-r - « ¥

s ° =^ ;.

flcGiflenu do m Haooen in uwis Hives

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

The Opiginal Beeware People
" Not In any Trust."

Watertown, Wis.

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 0ficioB
C. B. Stevens &l Co., Manzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,
Ladcaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Dieg-o.
Fallbrook Co-operattve Ass^n, Fallbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Graad Juactioa B^ruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Ualley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.
MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman Co.,Grand Rapids

MASSATHUSErTS- Alvin A. Vinal, Marsh-
field Hills.

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO — Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

OREGON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver "& Greene, Troy.

TEXAS — Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH- Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.LilJy Company,
Seattle.

April 4, 1907

323

American ISae Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

Will be found In

Tfie-

American Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It Is profusely illustrated and on-
larged, and contains only articles of tlio
most practical as well as sciontitic na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American IJee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year, One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for SI. 00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER NFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
[Kstablished 25 years.J
UeBtlon Bee Journal vrhem vrrttlng.

ff

=\

4- 23cc5tpax-f

'^

Chicago, April 4.— Market is quite bare of
best g^rades of comb honey. When sales are
made It is on a basis of 15@17c, with -very little
outlet for the off -grrades. Extracted, 7(^Sc; off
grades, 6@6)jc. Beeswax in good demand at
30@32c. R. A. BuBNKTT & Co,

Philadelphia, Mar. 11.— The comb honey
market has been quite active in the last two
weeks, and the continual cold weather has kept
thing's moving. Many cheap lots have been
sent in from the producers, which have had a
tendency to bear on the market and weaken the
prices somewhat. Fancy white comb honey,
15@16c; No. 1, 14@15c; amber. 12@14c. Fancy
white extracted honey, V^Sc; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax very f\rm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, Jan. 16. — The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on. Prices are firm, and we quote
from 15@16c for fancy white; 13(sl4c for No. 1;
12c for light amber. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di*-
posed of before long at present prices, which
we quote from 10@12c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient suo-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from 8@8!^c; light amber, 7J^c; am'
ber, 6k@"c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at b(ai6(^c. Southern in barrfels finds
ready sale at from 5S(ai70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRBTH & SrOBLKKN*

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, f3; and good No. 2, f2,S0. White
extracted, s^S}^c per pound; light amber,
7^@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, Mar. 11— There is very little de-
mand for extracted honey at this writing,
which is only natural, owing to the unsettled

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for I'.IOT now u\\ iiarni.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

A Special Discount on Eariy Orders.

QUEENS

Let me
book
Order for

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred iu separate apiariep,
the<]iOL,l>l-:.> \V.%..

I^OtVS, <:ar.'viu-

C. H. W. WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146.-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

weather at this time of the year. However, we
lire looking forward with interest to a revival
of trade, as soon as the warm spriag- days are
here. We quote amber extracted honey in bar.
rels at 6J4@7Kc, the price depending upon the
quantity purchased. Fancy table honey in
crates of two 60-lb. cans each, at 8(a9c. There
is little demand for comb honey owing to the
lateness of the season. Choice yellow beeswax,
32@3Sc, delivered here.

Thr Frbd W. Muth Co.

Indianapolis, Feb. 2!.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@i7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12(®13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8to9c: amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but

has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, ISc; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7®7Hc; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@38c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, Mar. 30— The demand for comb
honey is light, as also ate the receipts. The
market is about bare of extracted. We quote:
No. 1 white comb, 24sec. cases, S3.10 to S3.25;
No. 2, J2.50 to J2.75. Extracted, white, S@9c;
amber, 7(s»8c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2
selling at 12^c, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sells in barrels at Sii@6c. Beeswax,
32c, delivered here. C. H.W. Webb«.

BEE # POULTRY SUPPLIES

BeeHives, Honey. Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
tbing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Indastrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Atf C. IW. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., IndlanapoHs, Ind.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal AdJSiTW

BEE SUPPLIES.

Ws handle tha finast bae supplies, mads by tha W. T. FALCONER IMFG.
CO., Jamastown, N. Y. Big Discounts on aarly orders, let us figure
with you on your wants.

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warp-
proof cover, and bottom board, think of it. same prico aa the regular
itylaa. Sand for Catalog.

THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

T ST.,

CINCINNATI. OHIO.

324

April 11. 1907

American ^ee Journal

jUtLj^ iHrit-- 't'- -■l>. -ti, •ti, >lfc '(i.- -•'•'. ■'»'. M''^ 't-- .'f'- >'tt 'tk, ■^-- 't' -^t"- -^^ .>'tiL 'ti- .>'ti. 'ti,iijtitj^it!LititjtiLiiiL.^JLitJL^ifJLiti^

m

#

0

BEESWAX

^ We are always in the market to buy Beeswax, and pay the highest market

0 prices. We want Beeswax from the bee-keepers direct.

MUW8 FOUNDATION

.^IT EXCELSi^

Wherever you are you can get our goods. Write us and we will either
make you prices or will tell you where you can get our Foundation nearer to
)^ou. We have Agents everywhere.

BEE=SUPPUES

We handle every kind of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and only the very best.
Write us before selling your Beeswax or buying your season's Supplies.
Send for our Catalog.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

l!MS(T ?tT^!»??ipT»TT»T?»TT»TTtTTlFT»T7»TT«5 :»^ >♦• :t^ ■!».■ *♦■ ■!♦" ^|TT».-- •■■»• •»■ •<>».• ••♦.• <■»•■ -■♦.•■ ••»•■ ••■».• •-♦■ '.tf ^».- •■■».•■ •».. ^|.- -i»..- JUTTf:

•^vli\l/il/\l/\i/Vli\i>\l/\l/\l/\l>il>

#

Marshfield Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE=QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory. .

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago,
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, KnoxviUe.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith
Center.
Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA— H. \^. Ryder, Phojdix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee Sup-
ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS— D.L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN-S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^

47th Year

APRIL i8, 1907

Number 16

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

326

April 18, 1907

American Hee Journal

PC3L1SHKD WEEKLY BY

GEORGE fV. YORK SCOMPANlf

334 Dearborn Street, GtiiGago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

Tfnr PT7BSCRIPTI0N PRICE of this Journal I*
ei.cKj a year, in Ibe United States. Canada, and
Meiico; allotliercuuntries in the Postal Union. oO
cents a year extra lor postage. Sample copy tree.

THE WBAPPER-LABBL DATE Indicates the
end of tlie month towtiich your [.ubscription ispa'.d.
For instance, •• dec"7" on your label shows that it la
paid to the end ot December. 19(-7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt tur money sent us to pay subscription, but
chance the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
tbat the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than }i inch accepted.

Time Discounts

4 times.
13 " .
26 " .
52 " -

,. 5 per cent
..10 "
. . 20 "
..30 "

5pace Discounts.

inclines. .. 5per cent

500 " ...10
ItOO " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 2S cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st —To prnmote the interests of its members.

2d. -To protect and detenU its members in ttieir
lawtul ri /htft. ^ , , _

;^d. -To entnr« e laws against the adulteration or
ooney. _ _

AnnutI Membership Dues, $i.oo.

Geneml Munaeerami Tre»surer-

N. K. KuANCE, Platteville, Wis.

f?^ 1 1 nr -pfl convenient. Dues may be sent to th«
nhi — Mr 1 be American Bee Journal,

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

OwoNT YOU BEE nt HONEY.

A-IO CHEER THIS LONELY HCART?

For I WOULD huo you all the Tine ^

And WE would NfVEft PART

^^M.V .!• .1 f

T ^(5

As most of our readers know, we hay e got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for beekeepers.
The cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. Il could also be sent to
honey-customers, to reroiud them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid ; Beards for 10c (stamps
or silver), or 5 fkee with the American Bee
.'ournal oneyear at *1.0l); 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x23.2
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

aeORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Stree CHICAGO, ILL.

1 -^I-

BEE-SUPPLIES

■14

AIND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on ■tovela.iled HiveM, Nection!«. J^eclion-Holders,
Separalors. Hrood Frames, Foundation, !<»niok:ers, F.v-

tractors, Shipping-Cas*'!*, etc. It may mean a saving to you ot
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. Tbere are no better goods than ours, and we GU.\R-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-KeoDers' Sypply 60.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Bee= Hives, Sections

WHY BUY OF US?

Remus, Mich., Feb. 25, 1907.
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Dear Sir: — I use Lewis Sections exclusively;
there are none better — the only perfect ''V'-cut section
that has come to my notice. They fold without moist-
ening. E. D. TOWNSEND.

Remus, Mich , Feb. 18, 1907.
The Lewis Hive-Bodies are far superior, both in
material and workmanship, to any I ever bought.

As ever yours, E. D. Townsend.

Beeswax Wanted. Advanced Bee- Veil, cord
arrangement. Silk face, SO cents, postpaid.

Grand Rapids,
Mich.

A. G. WOODMAN CO

Diumer's GoinD mmim

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otner makesi

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Aug:usta, Wis.

Mention Bee JonrnnI vrlie» vrrltlns

Get Ready for the Rush

Queens for May and June Delivery

Untested, 3 tor $1; Warranted Untested, 3 for $2; Tested, 4 for $3.
2-frame Nucleus with Tested Queen for June delivery, ?3. f.o.b. Milo.
Light or dark Italians at choice. No disease. Safe arrival and absolute
satisfaction guaranteed. I will send 1 ounce of Catnip Seed tree to each
of the first 25 ordering Queens to the amount of S2 00 or ove-.

Route 1. Box 19. CHAS. M. DARROW, Milo, Mo.
Reference— First National Bank, Nevada, .Mo. 13A4t

"In every coniitry tHe successful adyertlser is tlie contlniious advertiser."

April 18, 1907

327

American ;Bee Journal

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good^Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any beo-kec'per can save money, as lonp as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, hy takin)? advantiit,'e of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

1®^ Send tor list ot S^li^hlly l>ani-
at;<^<l CiJooUs to N«left Ironi at Kediiced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog ot New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not mc

Lodg Distance Telephone. North 1550. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO, ILL.

(three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON

TOOLS

e.P PUling&SonCo.,^
Mention Bee Journal

(_'a[ionizini^ is easy— soou
learned. Uomplete outfit
with tree Instructions
postpaid $2.50.

Gape Worm Extractor 25o

Poultry Marker 25c

Krench KillinR KnifeoOc
Capon Book Free.
Arcb St., Philadelphia ,Pa.
vrhen Trrttlns*

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

lOAott Please mention the Bee Jonrnil

BEE m POUIiTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the '■ Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTr CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

By Exprese or Freight.

<! to 8 feet, each Ha; per 100 »7.00

8 to 10 feci, each 9c; per 100 8.00

ARTHUR STANLEY, Uixon, III.

13Atf

Pl'-ane mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practlcallj Inde-
structible, and fflving^ entirely aatiafactorj re-
anlts. Comb foundation made eaailj and
quicklj at lesa than half the cost of bnjing
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 ceats extra. Price
of the Press makiajr the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any aiz: wanted.

ADRIAN QETAZ,

4SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal ^rben vrrltlnff.

Pnr Qala '"^ Acre p''arra and lOO
rUl OdIC Colonies of Bec8. Good out-
buildings; good 8-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

lOAlSt KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltluK.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
I Jiew subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at 11.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

•^ aeOROB W. YORK & CO.,

.. . - CHICAGO. Ili.

" If goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder.

Established 1889.

How I Built a World=Business

By the Bee-Crank.
Why should a bee-keeper know or care how the business of a successful supply-man was built up
to such a point that he is known throughout the entire civilized world ?

Because if he is not dealing with him he is missing something that his fellow workers are making
use of — that it will pay him to get " next "' to.

The secret is not a deep one— good service, fair treatment, honesty, square dealing— call it by
whatever name you please. It is the

golden rule of business that many ' '

business men know but forget to ^^^^j^^^s. roughest freight roustabout, and

apply- >^||R^I^^ fool-proof as well.

When an order is received at u^^KV^^^K^^ These methods are slow busi-

this establishment it is attended to I^Kx^ ^^^^Bkv ness builders, and not very spectac-

immediately. When goods are /^BR^iW"'^ •!r''^"!lK\ ular, but they are sure.

I carry a full line of bee-sup-
plies, and sell Root's goods at Root's
prices, saving freight and time in
transit.

I buy beeswax, and pay the

highest market price, in cash or

trade, as you prefer. Send it in

and mark your name on the package.

Get my new catalog — it's free.

packed for shipment they are care-
fully inspected, and whatever is de-
fective thrown out.

Knowing how easily such goods
are damaged in handling I use ex-
treme care in packing, and try to
make my goods proof against the

Walter S. Pooder, Indianapolis. Albion, Ind., April 3, 190?

Dear Sir .-—The two nuclei which you sent me last year have wintered successfully. One is now a full colony the
other not quite so strong, but the prospects for increase are excellent, as they are busy gathering pollen. '

Respectfully, Mrs. J. D. Black.

Walter S. Pouder f«

3-515 Massachusetts Avenue
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

April 18, 1907

American ^ee Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

If

v^'T'->» a ■'5«

(I

■ l.v

/ f

. p.

• t

JL^,..,^JL..^

rMMJuJudB ."

■ .■m.jwarviam ft

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama.

• Wetnmpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calitornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

♦Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Fruita b ruit and Produce Ass'n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

4iieorg:ia

Savaaaah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
lUinoii^

Ciicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

RvansvUle Vickery Bros.

lovra

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas
Augusta Carl F. Buck

jnississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

iTIaine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

jnicliigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill ... Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

JSie\»' Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

Me\r Iforlc

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., S21 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bols Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Ddo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

* These deaiers buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at thd Poat-Offlco at Cbtcago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $I.OO a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, APRIL 18, 1907

VoL XLVII— No, 16

^mm^^i,^'

editorial ^o
and Comments

Fertilizine-tlives for Queen°Rearlng

Probably there is very little dissent in any
quarter from the belief that to get the best
queens the queen-cells should be started by a
strong force of bees, and continued under
such care at least until the cells are sealed.
This can be the more readily afforded, as up
to the time the lirst young queen emerges a
number of cells can be cared for by the same
lot of bees. But after a young queen emerges
from her cell, and from that time till she be-
gins to lay, she does not cheerfully brook the
presence of anything in the shape of a rival;
and, moreover, there does not seem the same
need of a strong force of bees as during the
earlier period ot her development, so fertiliz-
ing-hives much smaller than the ordinary
hive have been used, or else a full-sized hive
without the full eomplement of frames.

While some are confident that so-called
baby nuclei, with no more combs-urface than
that of a one-pound section, will produce as
good results as anything larger, others are
skeptical. Even among the ranks of those
who were at first enthusiastic as to baby
nuclei, there are those who seem to have a
leaning toward something larger; one of
them, Mr. E. R. Root, now advocating some-
thing by no means so " baby " as it might be.
Instead of a single comb the size of a pound
section, he now advocates two combs, each of
them one-third the size of a Langstroth frame.
This is getting back very nearly to the small
fertilizing-hives used by Adam Grimm and
others more than 40 years ago. Mr. Root has
virtually a larger mass of bees by having two
of these nuclei side by side in the same hive,
thus giving the advantage of mutual heat.

While some say success can not be attained
with a very small quantity of bees, it is hard
o dispute the word ol honest men who say

they have succeeded. " Locality '' is thit
pervading something which explains a great
many discrepancies; why may it not account
for different views in the present case? In
other words, may it not be that in the warmer
regions, as in the South, a smaller number of
bees are needed to keep up the proper heat?
Or is there some other way to account for the
differences in results?

A Cheap Weed-Killer

Salt is sometimes used to kill the grass and
weeds in front of hives, but in some places it
has the objection that it attracts cattle and
horses. Here is something not open to the
same objection, and, at a cent a gallon,
cheaper, as given by A. H. in the British Bee
Journal :

The cheapest I know of is: Two ounces of
carbolic acid (98 percent) to V.< gallons of
water, preferably hot water. This is also an
excellent vermin-killer, and the cost for 120
gallons 5s., or },i'd. per gallon. This will de-
stroy even thistles and nettles, and the seeds,
too.

-^

Ventilation of the Hive

Prof. Cook says this in Gleanings in Bee
Culture :

The bees ventilate so effectively, as they
fan the hive-entrance, that it is found en-
tirely unnecessary to arrange for any further
ventilation. It is, without doubt, best to
have only the one opening to the hive. In
the bee-tree or rock cavity the bees have but
this one opening, and yet from their great
activity they must have great drafts of pure
air, and so they have developed their venti-
lating habit, which is very perfect. Without
doubt we serve them best when we leave the
matter of ventilation entirely with the bees,
only arranging to give them an ample opening.

The novice, upon reading the paragraph,
will feel that he need give no care to the

matter of ventilation, only so that the bees
have an ample opening for an entrance, but
he is likely to feel a little uncertain as to
what is meant by an ample opening. If he
has been accustomed to box-hives with 2 or 3
notches in front, making the equivalent of a
square inch and a half or less as the entrance,
his idea of an ample opening maybe rather
unsatisfactory to the bees,

In actual practise, the opening during hot
weather varies from the size mentioned all
the way up to 2 inches deep the entire width
of the hive, while some raise the hive on
blocks so as to make an opening on all 4
sides. But not all are agreed that only one
opening is best. It is argued by some that it
saves labor for the bees if there is an opening
at top as well as bottom. Certain it is that in
that case there will be a change of air in the
hive without effort on the part of the bees
whenever it is warmer in the hive than out —
just so certain as that there will be a draft
up a chimney whenever there is a fire at the
lower end.

Will not that automatic change of air be a
saving of labor for the bees, or does the in-
stinct for making the air go in and out of the
same hole hold them in so strong a grip that
it will only make extra labor for them to
keep the air from going through the second
hole?

It might also be urged against an upper
opening that in some localities the nights are
so cool that ventilation is a damage, and the
colder the night the stronger the current of
air through the hive, and against this current
the bees are helpless.

An Industrious Bee

The correctness of the general belief as to
the industry of the bee having been called in
question, Allen Latham comes to its defense
in the American Bee-Keeper, and gives the
following remarkable instance :

There were thrown out from a hive late one
afternoon and early evening a hundred or
more dead and dying bodies of some stranger
bees. They lay in front of the hive, scattered
over a space of 2 or 3 square feet, some having
crawled before dying not less than 2 feet from
the hive. The following morning, while
standing by the hive, I saw a bee tugging at a
dead worker on the ground. She pulled this
way and that, and finally, by a great effort,
mounted wi[h her burden and disappeared in

330

April 18, 1907

American ^ee Journal

the distant air. I naturally thought that she
had just brought the dead bee from the
hive, but in less than a minute back she came
and hovered about the ground as if in search
of something. Then alighting by another
dead body she grasped and pulled at that,
and flew away with it. Again and again I
saw her repeat this act, never once entering
the hive; never once seeking the society of
her living sisters, but plodding away by her-
self, clearing the ground in front of the hive
of the dead bodies. Later on another bee
joined in the task, and a few hours later,
when I took note of the progress of the work,
I found the ground completely cleared of the
dead bees that had been thrown there the
•evening before.

The task was a self-imposed task. An
amouQt of work was done which relatively

would be beyond the possibilities of the
strongest human being. It would only be
fair to say that to do a proportionate amount
of work a man would need to carry 50 bodies
of his fellow men to the top of a high hill in
a space of 3 hours.

That a bee should drag out of the hive the
dead body of one of its comrades, even
should it continue to struggle with it
after some yards from the hive, would seem
nothing very strange; but a bee that would
return again and again after the dead bodies
lying entirely outside of the hive, with never
a word of cheer from its sisters, certainly can
not be called lazy.

Getting New Subscribers for the

American Bee Journal is something every
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Tour neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

tr^

'^

0) iscei laneou^
flews -Items

Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Lapeer, is now
the Michigan inspector of apiaries, succeed-
ing Mr. Hutchinson, who felt that he could
no longer continue the work owing to other
duties that press upon him. Mr. Tayloi'has
had large experience with foul brood among
bees, and is otherwise in every way specially
fitted for the work of bee-disease inspector.
Michigan bee-keepers are to be congratulated
on the efficiency of their inspectors.

Mr. E. K. Meredith, of Batavia, 111.,
died with hemorrhage of the brain March 12,
190". He had been sick for 2 weeks with in-
flammatory rheumatism, but apparently was
improving. Mr. Meredith was an active mem-
ber of the Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers'
Association, and attended the last meeting
with his wife and daughter. His many friends
will join with the American Bee Journal in
extending sincerest sympathy to his family in
their bereavement. As Mrs. Meredith also
understands bee-keeping, doubtless she will
continue in the business.

Dr. E. P. Phillips is now "in charge"
of "Apicultural Investigations " in the En-
tomology Bureau of the Department of .\gri-
culture at Washington, D. C. We learn this
from a Government pamphlet on the " Or-
ganization of Department of Agriculture,
1907," which details the work of the Depart-
ment and gives the names of those in charge,
etc. The particular paragraph referring to
the work in the interest of bee-culture reads
thus:

The importance of the apiarian interests of
America are recognized by the establishment
of an office for special investigation in this
field. Inquiry is under way to determine
what crops may be profitably employed to fill
the gaps in the honey yield, or to create arti-
ficial pasturage tor apiaries, and efforts are
being made also to introduce new honey-
producing plants from abroad. The different
races of bees are being tested to determine
their relative availability for this country,
and experiments are being conducted in the

crossing of diilerent varieties looking to the
production of a superior honey-producing
strain. The diseases of bees are also receiv-
ing thorough investigation.

Dr. Phillips has already proven himself the
right man for the place which he occupies.
The American Bee Journal will be glad to co-
operate with him in his efforts in behalf of
the progress of beedom.

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
ill size, containing 10 bee-songs— words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
lioth for $1.10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Ainerikanisclie Bienenziicht,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, SI. 00 ; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for SI. 75. Address
all orders to this office.

msmssBOVT

toniTibufaS
«^ flr'€icle>s

No. 3— Feeding and Feeders
—Bottom-Feeders

BY C. P. DADANT

The next style of feeders that we
will consider is the bottom-feeder.
Feeding' under the bottom, on the bot-
tom, or in the bottom, is practised con-
siderably. Feeding on the bottom,
without a feeder, has been practised in
two ways, by raising the hive in front
so that the feed can not escape through
the entrance. It may be done with
granulated honey poured between the
frames at the back, or if the hive is
absolutely tight at the bottom, by
pouring liquid food so that it will lie at
the back end of the hive. In such cases,
the hive must be entirely water-tight
and nailed to the bottom-board. It is
a very expeditious way. The main ob-
jection is that the hive being raised so
as to slant backward, the rain may
beat in and mix with the feed. This
was practised more with the old-style
portico hive than with any other, owing

to the slieller furnished to the alight-
ing-board by the portico ceiling.
Urgent requirements may be filled in
this way with almost no preparation.
As to the feeding of granulated honey
in this manner, it is objectionable
when the intention is to stimulate
breeding without necessitating the
bees' visit to water supplies, for gran-
ulated honey seems to make an in
creased supply of water desirable.

Bottom-feeders are made to be at-
tached under the bottom, with a con-
nection through a hole with the brood
apartment, or may be a part of the
bottom-board with an extension on the
side at the back so as to be refilled
without opening the hive, as in the
Alexander feeder.

The only fault of these feeders is in
placing the food below the brood-nest,
and sometimes remote from it, as weak
colonies sometimes neglect to visit the
feeder if the weather is unfavorable.
I have often found food untouched in a
bottom-feeder, when the colony evi-
dently required help. Yet, in many
ways those bottom-feeders are com

April 18, 1907

331

American Hee Journa

mendable, especially as they do not
cause the escape of heat from the hive,
since it is not necessary to open the
top in order to give the bees an addi-
tional supply.

Of course, the best feeders are made
in narrow sections and very shallow,
so that the bees may not drown in the
feed. These feeders, as well as others
which will be mentioned farther on,
must be made so that they will not ab-

ALEXANDER FEEDER.

sorb or soak the food. They are com-
monly made of pine, which is coated
with paraffin. In some parts of Europe
propolis is gathered, melted and used
for this express purpose. A bee-keeper
who desires to make his own feeders,
and wishes to coat them with some
preparation, may be able to make them
honey-proof by using a preparation of
beeswax and tallow — about half and
half — which is poured in the feeder
while hot, and poured out again, leav-
ing a slight coat on the wood.

Pure beeswax might be used, but
aside from the fact that pure beeswax is
more expensive, it is noticeable that it
does not soak into the pores of the wood
as readily as a preparation containing
tallow or even lard. This preparation,
melting at a lower temperature than
pure beeswax, is also less apt to crack
or peel off when the weather is cold. It
may be used for a number of require-
ments. Mixed with a small quantity
of wood ashes and rosin it will make a
liquid cement which is used to stop
large cracks in wood, whether feeders
or otherimplements ; even such things
as water-barrels that are damaged
may be made whole by using it. But
in any case, remember that the wood
must be dry before any such prepara-
tion is applied, for the least amount of
moisture would prevent the soaking of
the wax in the pores of the wood.
Water is used to prevent was from
sticking to objects that are dipped in
it while hot.

You must also be careful to keep the
cake of tallow-wax thus prepared sep-
arate from your beeswax, for there
would be a row if you should happen
to send it by mistake to a comb foun-
dation manufacturer. We keep a small
iron kettle with some of this tallow-
wax already mixed in it all the time,
so that all we need to do is to warm it
up for use. When it is melting keep a
close eye on it, for it will run over and
give you trouble if allowed to get too
hot.

But I notice that I have gotten clear
away from the description of bottom-
feeders. There is still another kind
which has been highly commended,
but of which I do not approve. It is
the entrance-feeder, made in the shape
either of a jar enclosed within a box —
the Boardman feeder — or of a trough,
opening into the entrance and closing
this entrance. The entrance-feeder is

suitable only if used on a strong col-
ony, otherwise there is a great risk of
strange bees helping themselves to the
food, or, to say the least, of being at-
tracted there and induced to rob the
weak colony which it is intended to
help. The feeder, which is placed at
the rear of the bottom, has at least the
advantage over this, that the robber-
bee, if attracted by the smell, is in-
duced to hunt about the rear of the
hive, around the crevices near the
feeder, and can rarely go in at the en-
trance and cross the length of the bot-
tom-board without having to take up
the gauntlet with a number of the in-
habitants of the hive.

Front feeding, therefore, unless car-
ried on with the greatest circumspec-
tion is not desirable. If the entrance
be closed with the feeder in position,
it is necessary to look after it and re-
lease the bees in warm weather before
they become worried. Yet, one small
advantage of the entrance-feeder which
has perhaps served to make it popular
with some apiarists, is that it is located
at the spot most often traveled over by
the active adult bees, and that it will
therefore not be so readily neglected
as a rear feeder.

Hamilton, 111.

Successful Wintering of Bees

BY AHEN I,ATHAM

It is possible that the sentence which
Mr. Byer, on page 227, quotes from my
writings may need no further defence,
inasmuch as Mr. Byer himself offers in
his last paragraph so strong a support
for the statement. I write now more
to impress upon the readers of the
American Bee Journal the truth of
what Mr. Byer has to say, and to urge
upon them the desirability of winter-
ing our bees as well as we should hope
to winter our cows and other domestic
stock.

It so happens that all farmers do not
winter their cows without loss. There
are SI ill some who house their animals
poorly, either with too slight a protec-
tion or else with too little ventilation
and cleanliness, and on top of such
treatment economize (?) by feeding
them upon meadow-hay and water.
That such men bury two or three
scrawny beasts the next spring is no
surprise to their thriftier neighbors.

Suppose, for instance, that a farmer
persisted in keeping every animal that
came his way, whether healthy or
weak, young or old. Suppose he did
not practise what most do, namely, to
get rid of undesirable stock, make into
beef those that are not strong, or else,
if conscientious, sell them to those
who will turn them into beef. If we
suppose these things then we know
that it would be inevitable that every
winter would see a loss of from 10 to
25 percent of all such domestic animals.
The fact is that domestic animals are
wintered successfully only because
most of us strive to keep our stock uni-
formly vigorous. But such is not the
case with our bees, for, unless I am
much mistaken, the majority of bee-
keepers think more of the number of
colonies they possess rather than of
the quality. It is not, therefore.

strange that their spring count falls so
much below their fall count?

Leaving out the first year of my bee-
keeping, a year in which winter cost
me 100 percent of my bees, as my only
solitary colony was lost, I think that I
can say that my spring count has not
averaged more than 5 percent less than
my fall count. Of this falling off,
moreover, almost none should be laid
to winter directly, as much of it came
about from loss of queens. In fact, I
can remember only one colony the loss
of which should be laid wholly to win-
ter, and I allow that one only because
I never could find any other cause for
the loss.

One winter I lost more than 60 per-
cent of my apiary, and might lay the
loss to winter ; but it so happened that
the fall before the hives were very
light in stores, and I followed some
directions about feeding by laying a
cake of candy above the frames. Such
a sight as there was the following
spring, I never wish to see the like
again ! These cakes of candy were
made of honey and syrup and were not
grained. Never feed with cakes of
candy over the Jrantes unless those cakes
are fine grained like the inside o/ a
chocolate cream. Never put honey in
with the sugar of which these cakes
are to be made, for the honey will pre-
vent the graining. Cook the syrup to
a temperature of about 233 Fahr., and
set aside where it will cool. When
nearly cool, stir it slowly till it grains.
Just before it gets too stiff turn it into
dishes to harden. A temperature of
over 233 will make the cakes too hard,
while under 231 the cakes will be rather
soft. The cakes which I made in that
disastrous winter ran down over the
combs and daubed the poor bees, re-
sulting in the stickiest, daubiest mess
that ever I saw.

So with all the colonies which I ever
lost in winter, I find that in every case
(save one) I did something wrong. By
correcting these errors I now no longer
have any fears of winter, as far as my
bees are concerned. That one excep-
tion was a colony which was abun-
dantly strong in fall and had lots of
honey. In the spring the bees were
dead with honey not an inch away.
The hive was rather moist, but aside
from that I could find nothing wrong.
Twenty-nine other colonies in the yard
wintered all right.

The past winter here was rather
severe, called very severe by old na-
tives. I am inclined to think that my
bees would have come through in poor
condition had it not been for a flight-
day in early January. I count my bees
safe if January furnishes a flight, and
I can remember but one January dur-
ing the last 23 years which has not
furnished a flight for the bees. The
winter of 1903-4 furnished no flight
from the middle of November till late
in March. There was, according to re-
ports, a loss of 75 percent of bees in
the New England States. I lost 2 col-
onies out of 38, and each of these died
from an entirely different cause, the
entrance of one getting accidentally
hopelessly closed, the other starving
by a peculiar mischance. That winter
the bees had good stores. This past
winter the bees had miserable stores,
having failed of filling up with the

332

April 18, 1907

American l^ee Journal

usual white honey. Hence, I conclude
that a mid- winter flight this year saved
colonies from coming out weak, if not
from actual death.

Thus do the years run. There is
almost never a winter in which all the
bad conditions combine, for if the
stores are bad the bees are more than
likely to have a good mid-winter flight.
If the winter is severe, then the bees
are more than likely to have good
stores, and so be able to endure the
confinement.

Let any one who fails to winter his
bees successfully put more brains into
his methods of wintering. Let him see
to it that all colonies are reasonably
strong in bees. Let him see that all
colonies have plenty of stores — the bet-
ter the stores the more likely the bees
to survive. Let him house his bees
well, protecting them from the winter
blasts. If he puts them into the cellar,
let the cellar be properly fitted for
their welfare. If he leaves them out-
side, then let each hive be adapted to
keep the bees in it dry and warm. If
any fail to winter well, let him study
the matter, pondering over everything
that could possibly have to do with the
poor result. If observant, he will more
likely than not find the cause of his
failure, and can in future avoid it.

I can shake hands with Mr. Byer in
all that he says in the last paragraph.
Though I recognize the possibility of
bad results in wintering even with the
best of care, I do not recognize any
probability of such results. I consider
that in the vast majority of cases bad
wintering should be considered a dis-
grace to the apiarist rather than a mis-
fortune. It is a misfortune, and a sad
misfortune, to have our bees die be-
cause of a combination of circum-
stances which lies beyond our control.
It is a mighty good bit of fortune that
such a combination is so rare that it
scarcely falls more than once in a life-
time.

Norwich, Conn.

Getting Ready for the Honey
Harvest

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

In nearly all localities where bees
can be kept there are certain plants
and trees which give a yield of surplus
honey at a certain time of the year,
while, aside from this, there is little
more honey obtained by the bees than
is needed to supply their daily wants
and that consumed in brood-rearing.
Some localities give a surplus at three
stated periods— from white clover,
basswood and buckwheat ; others at
two, white clover and basswood, or
white clover and buckwheat, or, per-
haps, basswood and buckwheat ; while
quite a large number give only one, as
from white clover, or basswood, or
buckwheat, or other fall flowers. Hence
it must be apparent to all that if such
a honey yield, or yields, should pass by
without surplus, none can be obtained
during the season.

From this it will be seen that in or-
der to be a successful apiarist, a person
must have a knowledge of his locality,
and also know how to secure the labor-
ers (bees) in the right time, so that the

largest or maximum number can be on
hand just at the time that the flowers
giving the greatest yield of surplus
nectar are in blossom. Failing to do
this, no one can expect to attain to the
highest and best results in the produc-
tion of honey, and the object of this
article is to set those to thinking who
have not thought on this subject, so
that they can obtain the best possible
results from their bees.

First, then, we have the location.
Here, in central New York, our honey
crop comes mainly from linden or bass-
wood, which blooms from July 1st to
12th, and lasts from 10 to 25 days, ac-
cording to the weather. In other locali-
ties in this State, white clover is the
main crop, coming in bloom June
ISth to 20th ; and again in others
buckwheat, yielding honey in August ;
and in a few localities there comes a
surplus from all three of these sources.
But as nearly all have a yield from
basswood, I will speak of that as the
source from which we obtain our honey
harvest. Bear in mind, however, that
it devolves on the reader of this to as-
certain, by careful watching, just when
and what is the source of his surplus
honey crop, so as to work accordingly.

When you see by opening one of
your hives that the bees are storing
honey so that they are lengthening
out the cells with new white comb
along the top-bars of the frames, with
plenty of nectar glistening in any
empty cells there may chance to be in
and about the brood, then is your time
to go out in the fields and in the woods
till you find what the bees are at work
upon ; then watch as the years go by
to see if a yield comes from this source
nearly every year, and, if so, work for
the bees in large numbers at that time
of the year. Do not depend upon the
" say so " of some old citizen, for he
may not know any better what he is
talking about than did the old bee-
keeper whom I asked nearly 40 years
ago, when I first began bee-keeping,
where the bees got their first pollen ;
and he told me that all the pollen
which the bees gathered before fruit-
trees bloomed came from the willows.
I believed this till I came to look for
myself, when I found that the very first
pollen came from skunk cabbage, the
next from elms and soft maples, with
a still more bountiful yield from the
hard maples a little later on, with very
little from the willows at all, and that
only from the pussy willow, all the
other willows yielding honey but no
pollen.

After having determined when we
may expect our harvest of honey, the
next step is to work for the bees so
they may be in just the right time for
the harvest. If you have a field of
grain to cut, you hire the laborers
when the grain is ripe, not before or
afterward ; yet in keeping bees very
many pay no attention to the matter
of securing the laborers, so that, as a
rule, they are more often produced so
as to become consumers rather than
producers, and thus we quite often
hear persons claiming that bee-keep-
ing does not pay.

The queen is the mother of all the
bees there are in a colony, she laying
from 3000 to 4000 eggs a day when
coaxed to do this, either by a moderate

honey-flow being on from the fields,
or the bee-keeper so fixing his colonies
that the bees feed the queen abund-
antly just when he wishes the queen
to be depositing these 3000 or 4000 eggs
in the cells each day in preparation for
the maximum amount of bees just in
time for the harvest. And yet the
queen often lays only from SOO to 1000
eggs daily at the very time she should
be doing her very best, just because
this moderate flow of honey is not in
line with our wants, or else the would-
be bee-keeper is paying no attention to
this matter of securing laborers in
time for the harvest.

After the egg is laid it takes 3 days
for it to hatch into a larva. This larva
is fed about 6 days, during which time
it has grown so as nearly to fill the
cell, when it is capped over and re-
mains hid from view for about 12 more
days, when it emerges a perfect bee ;
thus making a period of about 21 days
from the laying of the egg to the per-
fect bee. When the colony is in a nor-
mal condition, this bee now works in
the hive for 16 days more, doing such
work as feeding the larvae, evaporating
nectar to the consistency of honey,
building comb, etc., when it is ready
to go outside as a field-laborer, and at
45 days from the time it emerges from
the cell it dies of old age and another
generation takes its place.

From the above it will be seen that
the egg must be laid at least 37 days
before the time which we have ascer-
tained by watching that our honey
harvest is to begin, in order that our
bee has the opportunity of laboring in
that harvest to the best advantage.
Now, if the harvest is basswood, com-
mencing to bloom say July 8, the eggs
for the laborers should be laid on or
before June 1 ; and if from white clover
then they should be laid on or before
May 10, provided we have ascertained
that white clover blooms so the bees
can work on it to advantage about
June 16.

But how shall we coax the queen to
lay the eggs just when we want them 7
There are several ways of doing this,
such as spreading the brood, feeding
the bees warm syrup every night, etc.,
but I will speak of the one I find just
as good as any, and one which requires
the least labor of anything I know of.

About a week before we wish the
queen to be at her height of laying,
take combs which are filled nearly or
quite full of sealed honey to the amount
of 20 pounds or more (that is, see that
each colony has at least 20 pounds of
stores in the hive), and break the seal-
ing of the cells of 2 of these combs,
after which one of these is to be set in
the hive right up next to the outside
combs of brood on either side of the
brood-nest, doing this work just at
night so that no robbing need be
started by attracting other bees than
those in the hive where you set the
honey. Put the other frames of honey
outside of these 2 frames, when the
hive is to be closed up as warmly as
possible by stopping all cracks, etc.
There is nothing that incites brood-
rearing like this, as it incites the bees
to the greatest activity in removing
this running honey from the cells, thus
causing them to feed the queen freely

April 18, 1907

333

American line Journal

■on prepared food, so that in 2 or 3 days
she is laying her maximum amount of
eggs ; and, after this, brood-rearing is
kept right up from the bees feeling so
rich in stores that they see no need of
retrenching ; they thus keeping on un-
capping and removing the honey from
the combs, while the queen keeps right
up depositing eggs in the cells as fast
as the honey is removed, which results

in doubling the amount of brood there
otherwise would have been had the
bees been allowed to take their own
course.

In this way the best possible result
as to honey is secured, provided we
have our supers and everything else
ready and on hand when the antici-
pated harvest arrives.

Borodino, N. Y.

.^.Jl: ■:^::-

Rcflcciiowif

California Eke-Keeper

' '>— ^Jgs-trfiTiiT t&f — "

By W. A. Pbtal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

A Wet Season

The season has been a real wet one ;
long and continuous rains fell since
my last reference to the season. In
this vicinity the rainfall has been close
upon 30 inches — it will, no doubt, ex-
ceed that amount before the end of
May. Further north, and in the moun-
tains, the precipitation has been twice
<is much as here — in a few cases, per-
haps, as is often the case, especially in
Humboldt Co., the rain-gauge records
three times the amount of rain that
fell hereabouts.

In the southland the " heavenly dis-
pensation," as a certain news-writer
wrote it once upon a time, has been
ample, fully as good as any that ever
favored that sunny land. But will the
honey crop be large 7 That's the ques-
tion. The long-continued rain has
been the means of retarding breeding,
so that it may be that there will not be
as full a work-force to garner the nec-
tar as there should be when the main
honey-flow comes.

The growing of the plants went on
apace, regardless of the rain, so that
the flowers will be out almost as early
as ever. It is probable, however, that
the period of infloresence will be longer
drawn out than it is during a dry, or
comparatively dry, year.

As matters now stand, I do not re-
member seeing a season when there
was such a promise of a big flower-
crop. Now for the bees to capture the
nectar !

honey was usually purchased by the
large manufacturing bakeries.

The excessive rains of this spring,
and the flooding of nearly all of these
islands, has ruined most of the api-
aries, many of the hives being carried
away by the surging waters. These
islands are the great garden-spots of
northern California — no richer land is
to be found in the world. Some of the
islands were almost entirely given over
to the growing of asparagus — a veg-
etable that attains its highest perfec-
tion in the sandy and peaty soil of
these reclaimed islands. The canning
of this vegetable was mostly conducted
by an Oakland firm, and its output was
said to be the largest in the world. I
understand the flooding of their fields
has practically bankrupted the firm.
This is too bad, for many reasons, one
being that asparagus bloom is not a
bad forage for bees.

In this flooded district there were
immense fields of alfalfa which yielded
the best honey obtained on the islands.
These fields are ruined. It will be a
couple of years, I understand, before
the land is restored to its original fruit-
fulness. Thus, where the rains have
helped many, others have been prac-
tically ruined.

The Sun vs. Moth Larvae

that side llnished, too. Look out for
too hot a sun for the comb's sake.

I wonder if the moth-eggs can stand
the heat, too 7 I expect to experiment
in this direction some time.

Bees on the Islands

On the large islands formed by both
the Sacramento and the San Joaquin
rivers near their mouths, many large
apiaries have been kept for years, and
they also yielded a sure crop, even
when there was a honey-famine in
other portions of the State. The rea-
son that bee-keeping on these islands
never became popular, is almost en-
tirely due to the fact that the nectar
gathered by the bees yielded a rather
dark honey — too dark, generally, to
command a satisfactory price. The

One hot day toward the end of March
I was overhauling a hive in which the
bees, for some unknown cause, had
" given up the ghost," and I found the
combs baoly infested with moth-larva;.
I shook some of the "worms " out on
the black cover of an adjoining hive.
The larvje soon began to squirm, and
in a few minutes died. That gave me
an idea ; it may not be new, for 'tis
hard to find anything new nowadays
under the sun. (No joke intended.)
Why not let " Old Sol " get in his work
on the moth-pest 7

I thereupon set several "wormy"
combs in the hot sun. The result was
magical. Larva; came hustling out of
the comb and soon died under the hot
rays. The comb was reversed, and

The Pepper-Tree-Getting 'em Mixed

The pepper- tree {Schinus molli), while
a native of Peru and Chile, has been
largely planted in California, where it
is thoroughly at home. It is one of
the most ornamental trees that can be
grown. In many respects it resembles
a weeping willow, though it is not so
funeral-like. It is a good honey-tree.
Prof. Cook, in his excellent "Bee-
Keeper's Guide," classes it with the
honey-secreting trees that bloom in
April. 'Tis a fine tree, 'tis true, but
he is too previous; it blooms in the
fall, usually in September.

But the Professor is not so badly
mixed as was the writer of the article
on "Eucalyptus," in the " A B C of
Bee Culture," page 131, edition of 1905.
Two entirely difi'erent trees are de-
scribed under one head ; the article be-
gins with the word " Eucalyptus,"' and
ends with " pepper-tree." Talk about
Irish bulls !

Mice Fond of Moth Larvae

In looking over some combs lately
that were stored away in the honey-
house, I found that mice had gotten to
them. The only ones that the little
varmints seemed to injure were some
that had moth-larva; in them. Out in
the apiary I discovered a hive that be-
came beeless during the winter, and
moth-larva; had commenced to work
through the combs. As the hive had a
rather large entrance, a mouse made
its way into the hive and just cleaned
out all the embryo moths. None of
the comb, save that where the larva;
were tunneling, was injured by the
"foxy "little animal. Here seems to
be a new use for the despised mouse.
Maybe some one can breed a strain of
mice that can be recommended to bee-
keepers as moth-exterminators. I will
pass the " problem " over to our Hasty
Afterthinker.

Honey as a Health- Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cookintr Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

„_„ You let me know that my time has ex-
pired for the American Bee Journal. Now for
the life of you, never stop it till I tell you,
for I can nut bear to lose it. Enclosed you
will find money order for same.— Ignatz
Koch, of Wisconsin.

334

April 18, 1907

American l^ee Journal

Qur ^
'Bee -Keeping ^^^^

^i^&t^sftt^^^^

^:-mi^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Sister Starting With Bees

Dear Miss Wilson : — I want to keep
a colony or so of bees, but as our place
is new — not a tree nor a shrub— how
am I to manage when the bees want to
swarm ?

When is the best time to get a col-
ony ? Can you give me the address of
a reliable person handling bees 7

Any point that would be of particu-
lar importance to a novice would be
appreciated.

(Miss) Geneva Welborn.

Jackson Co., Mo.

You are to be congratulated that you
have no large trees to bother you at
swarming-time. If, however, you wish
a place for swarms to cluster, you
might stick a pole in the ground with
a bunch of dark rags attached to the
point; or, better still, a piece of old
honey-comb, as a substitute for the
trees and shrubs. But the simplest
way would be to clip your queens'
wings, and then no alighting-place
would be needed.

In the spring or early summer, after
bees are flying daily, would be a good
time to get your bees.

Look in the advertising columns of
the American Bee Journal. You will
no doubt find what you want there.

The first thing to do is to get a bee-
book and study it, and no bee-keeper
can afford to do without the bee-papers.
If any special point comes up that is
not made clear in the book, it will be a
pleasure to answer any questions in
this department.

A Man's Idea of a Woman's Bee-
Dress

In the Irish Bee Journal D. M. M.
quotes from a book by John Keys,

1796:

" WocQen should not meddle with bees
without a headdress, nor then without a man's
coat, and I had almost said breeches also."

Poor women ; pretty warm work to
have to wear a man's coat with the
thermometer in the 80's or 90's.

Preserving Oilclotlis Witli Beeswax
and Turpentine

Oilcloth looks better and lasts longer
if polished with beeswax and turpen-
tine than if washed. To make polish,
dissolve an ounce of beeswax in a pint
of turpentine. Apply with one piece
of flannel and polish with another. To
get a good effect quickly be careful

always to use clean cloths. Old woolen
vests, etc., will answer the purpose,
and it is really a saving of time in the
end if they are washed each time they
are used. — A. R., in Vick's Magazine.

The Sting-Trowel Theory Again

Dear Miss Wilson : — The following
appears in one of our local periodicals :

Real Use of the Bee's Sting.

*'The bee's sting is a trowel, not a rapier,"
said a nature student. " It is an exquisitely
delicate little trowel with which the bee
finishes off the honey cell, injects a little pre-
servative inside and seals it up. With its
trowel-like sting the bee puts the final touches
on the dainty and wonderful work. V!Hh the
sting it pats and shapes the honey-oell, as a
mason pats and shapes a row n£ brick. Be-
fore sealing up the cell it drops a wee bit of
poison into the honey. This is formic acid.
Without it honey would spoil. Most of us
think the bee's stinf , with its poison, is a
weapon only. It is a weapon secondarily,
but primarily it is a magic trowel, a trowel
from whose end, as the honey-cells are built
up, a wonderful preserving fluid drips.''

I would like to inquire if "Nature
Student's " bees are a new species, or
are they just common Apis, like yours
and mine? It is an entirely new
idea to me, that a full-fledged — i. e.,
barbed — bee-sting is a secondary mat-
ter. I have been under the impression

all these years that when the little
busy bee " patted " me with her deli-
cate little trowel it was primary, very.

As for formic acid, the "ABC of
Bee-Culture " calls the poison secreted
by bees, " Apismellifica," and the same
author says further, "that the bee-
sting poison frequently relieves certain
forms of rheumatism, paralysis, and
perhaps dropsy;" but he neglects to
mention that the bees use the poison
as a preservative for their honey.

This has been the hardest winter on
bees in my experience. I winter them
outdoors with chaff cushions, and pro-
tected by sheds and evergreen hedges ;
but I found 5 out of my 21 colonies
dead this spring. The remaining 16
are to-day (March 27) bringing in their
first pollen from willows, and are just
booming with bees and surplus energy.
Mrs. Buel Billyard.

Millgrove, N. Y.

Some years ago Rev. W. F. Clarke, a
Canadian bee-keeper now dead, pub-
lished a little book of verse in which
he put forth the theory that the sting
of the bee was used as a trowel, and
that before sealing a cell of honey the
bees put into it a droplet of poison
from the sting. No proof whatever
was given ; it was a flight of imagina-
tion pure and simple, with no shadow
of foundation. With an observation-
hive one can see the work of the bee,
yet no one has ever seen a bee work-
ing wax with its sting, or letting fall
from it into a cell of honey the tiniest
bit of poison. So you are quite safe to
stick to your " primary " view.

Formerly formic acid was believed
to be the poison in a bee's sting, but
later investigations show it to be some-
thing separate. " Apis mellifica " is
the scientific name for our bees, not
for the poison, although a medicine
prepared from bees' stings may be
called by that name. Formic acid i&
found in honey, but it gets into the
honey while the honey is in the bee,
not after the honey is deposited in the
cell.

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Round Cell Building — Non-Swarm-
ing and Swarming Locations.

No, Mr. Aikin, I guess I won't climb
clear down from that round-cell tree
yet. Some other time — maybe — maybe
not. Strikes me you have a pretty
compression theory — that hardly tallies
in every point with the facts. Still
I'm not ready with any reply. At
present I enjoy more seeing you up a
tree that I suspect almost any man

could be compelled to climb down from
— unless he belongs to the sect of
never-climb-downs. Your tree is where
you say, " The bee is governed in no
sense by reason." How would it do to
say the dog is governed in no sense by
reason ? When the dog turns around
several times before lying down, it is
not probable that he is governed by
reason. But when he sees his master
take his gun, and he forthwith begins
to dance and caper like a wild creature,.

April 18, 1907

American Hee Journal ii

he reasons that there is some hunting
going- to be done— and he likes the job.
The dog knows why he does things for
the most part ; and the things he does
not knowing why are comparatively
few. But when we pass from the dog
to the bee we find the reverse the case.
Very many things which superficial
view would call wisdom, are simply
automatic or habitual; and the bee
does not really think or question as to
what object is in view. But for all
that there is still a remainder of things
which bees do just as intelligently as
other non-human creatures do. Of
course, we know that there are still
some folks eager to jaw, jaw, jaw to
the end of time in defense of the propo-
sition that no creature but man has a
particle of reason. By some odd hocus-
pocus they have made this a tenet of
their religion. Venture to hope that
not many of this tribe of theologians
are bee-keepers.

That was a narrow escape you had
from getting up the no-trouble-to-con-
trol-swarming tree. Your experience
in the natural change of a non-swarm-
ing location into a swarmy one is val-
uable to us. Page 188.

slip of the writer's memory ? Tip here
elm leaves do not appear till later on.
However, the inllorescence of the elm
furnishes lots of surface on which an
aphis might breed. Page 191.

Respiration of the Bee.

I wonder a little what Mr. House
was at when he said, " Normal res-
piration of the bee is 3 or 4 times a
minute ; under abnormal conditions as
high as 124." As a bee has no rib
bones and no diaphragm, it might be
asked how the respiration trick is per-
formed. Say perhaps a general con-
traction of muscles, causing part of
the air in the spiracles to go out, fol-
lowed by general relaxation causing
fresh air to come in. The highest rate
mentioned would be about 2 per sec-
ond— same rate at which some clocks
tick. My memory dimly confesses to
having seen something like successive
undulations, not far from that rate of
speed, slightly stir the anatomy of
highly active bees. At least I'm not
going on record as denying that the
bee has what amounts to a timed res-
piration. But I guess most of the
brethren either don't know this or else
so ignored it that it amounts to about
the same. Page 189.

Carniolan Bbes Slightly I/arghst.

Pretty positive evidence that Carnio-
lans are slightly the largest, if perfora-
tions .162 of an inch give satisfaction
in most other yards, but are returned
as too .'■.mall from yards where Carnio-
lans are kept. Strikes me I would
rather have an occasional queen get
up (as they have been doing) rather
than have the last one kept down at
the cost of having all the workers at
their work go through "with a squeeze
and a grin." So 1 still incline to the
old .168 of an inch zinc. Put the zinc
smooth side down, and so get decided
advantage at no cost. Page 190.

Texas Elm Honey from the Leaves.

Mr. Smith, of Texas, thinks elm
honey comes from the leaves, being in
fact " honey-dew," Here's " locality "
again with a vim. Do Texas elms have
leaves at blooming time, or is that a

Rknukking Beeswax.

In wholesale way, with Mr. Cogg-
shall's kettle and sack rendering of
beeswax, the slumgum contained 35
pounds of wax to the barrel. That's
more than we enjoy throwing away.
Page 190.

Honey-Dealing Annoyances.

The way Mrs. Amos trims a certain
bee-man is somewhat amusing. But
"we're all poor critters!" She feels
real annoyances on one side. He feels
the pinch of severe conditions on the
other side — the difficulty of making the
days have a hundred hours each. Still
I suppose we shouldn't mortgage a
hundred of to-morrow's hours unless

we are prepared to deliver that many.
Pa^e 192.

Electric Heat for Bee-Cellar.

An electric heater for the bee-cellar \
Well, well, we are coming on. And I
see no reason why electric heating
should not be the best possible — in this
case where heat is often needed, but
hard to apply without doing mischief.
Page 191.

Use Best Honey for Infants' Food.

If honey is to be used in an infant's
food, let it be done with care, and by a
judicious person, until it proves itself
all right. And in heavenly mercy don't
let it be such poor, half-spoiled honey
as is sometimes sold. Sadly too many
outsiders think honey is honey, and
don't discriminate. Still, I guess
there's not danger of any such deadly
harm to the little fellows as bad milk
sometimes brings. Page 193.

-*SPlHW/tLi

C^onveinlbii
Proceedings

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held in 5an An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

(Continued from pa^e 316 )

Distance to Breed Pure Queen-Bees.

"How far should a breeder of pure
queen-bees be isolated from all other
bees?"

Dr. Bohrer — I don't know of my own
personal knowledge how close queen-
breeding apiaries are situated to each
other, but my own idea has been this:
As different races of bees are being
brought into the United States, these
apiaries should be 12 or 15 miles apart.
I know this, that bees will go 7 miles.
I have timed queens that have left a
hive and have been out J4 of an hour.
Now how far they have been I have
no knowledge. How far the drones will
go I don't know, but I have reason to
know that queens and drones will go a
greater distance than 12 miles. I have
known of two races being bred in the
same yard and sent out over the coun-
try. Now, whoever these bee-keepers
are, they have not been sending out
pure queens, and they ought to quit the
business. Now, I have no ax to grind ;
I have no queens for sale and don't
intend to have any. I am not in the
bee-business to make much money out
of it, but for pastime, and I don't want
to quit it now. I am not going to give
any names, but there are parties here
who know something about it. If they
are sending out different queens from
the same hive, they ought to be noti-
fied to quit business, or be exposed.

i know of one man that I understand
had foul brood in his apiaries, and con-
siderable money was sent in for queens,
and he had the honor to notify them
that he had foul brood and would not
send out a queen. I don't believe that
he is the only man that would do this.
But these are matters that we want to
hunt up. If you have foul brood in
your apiary, you need not be scared
about this matter, nor ashamed of it,
but it is harmful to keep it. It may be
your fault, it is a misfortune, but go to
work and get rid of it. The man who
is sending out different races of bees,
and breeding them side by side, is not
working for the interest of the bee-
keeping of this country. I don't know
the names of these parties, and especial-
ly those who are sending out four dif-
ferent varieties of bees bred in a small
apiary of 24 or 25 colonies, all kept in
one yard. We should work together
and find out who those parties are, and
quit patronizing them until they do bet-
ter. I don't want queens badly enough
to get them from a man who will do
business in this way.

Pres. Dadant — Are there members
who have any experience in this mat-
ter, in regard to distance?

W. H. Laws — I have been wondering
who in the world such charges could
be brought against. Dr. Bohrer is very
earnest in what he says. Since the in-
troduction of the baby nuclei, I have
known an honest man who breeds the
Carniolan, Caucasian and Italian, and
keeps them all in one yard. But he
takes 200 or 300 of these baby nuclei
and goes out far in the country with
them, and these queens are mated to

336

American Vee Journal

April 18, 1907

those drones. A few days afterwards
he brings those drones in, and those
bees come from the same yard. He is
doing a good business, and a man that
buys queens from him is getting fine
stock. He has a few bees all kept in
the same yard, but the mating ground
is in a separate place.

Will Atchley — I have had the same
complaints come from a party, that I
think he refers to, and I visited the
same place and I found what Mr. Laws
says is true.

A Member — I want to say that Dr.
Bohrer is talking from what he knows,
but that party was not from Texas. It
has been asked that the National As-
sociation should look after the queen-
breeders, and know that bee-keepers are
getting stock true to name; that the
Association appoint a committee to in-
vestigate this matter. There are some
vvho are doing everything that is pos-
sible to breed true to name ; we send to
them and their bees are true to name
when we get them ; they are not satis-
factory, and I think many times it has
been in getting tested queens that have
been hurt in transportation. Would it
look reasonable that if you should buy
a fresh-milk cow and ship her from
home down to Texas, without any care,
would you expect her to continue a nice
fresh cow when she arrived? Would
you expect this of a nice tested queen?
Yet it is not the fault of the queen-
breeder? I believe that some of us
are inclined to criticise queen-breeders
that are doing r'ght, and need uphold-
ing in what they are doing. We should
knozv that a man is shipping from an
infected yard; those things ought to be
investigated.

Dr. Bohrer — I want to explain in re-
gard to the mater of queens being in-
jured through the mail. I have not
found much abuse in that particular.
I purchased a queen from a Texas
queen-breeder, and she was one of the
test that I ever saw.

Most Profitable Race of Bees.

"What is the most profitable race of
tees for both comb and extracted
honey?"

Mr. Stone— I think the Itahan bee is
the most profitable.

Mr. France— My observation from
the State of Wisconsin says the Italian
bee.

Mr. Victor— Yes, I think the Italian
bee is the most profitable.

W. H. Laws— I would like to ask
Mr. France if it is the improved or the
3-banded Italian he prefers.

Mr. France— I favor the 3-banded
Italians for their honey-gathering quali-
ties.

Pres. Dadant — In Europe there are
some countries where they criticise the
Italian bees. I had the opportunity of
investigating bee-culture and the Italian
bee. The man who writes a book is
very careful of his statements. Now, I
took 12 of the leading works of Eu-
rope and America, two German, one
Swiss, one Italian, one English, one
Irish and two French, and I think one
or two American. Everyone said that
the Italians were more industrious. I

believe that this is as good as can be
given.

Mr. Stone — I would like to introduce
the golden Italian, especially where I
have any black blood in my colonies.
You get good hybrids when you get
the 3-banded bees.

Mr. Anderson — I stand up for the
Carniolans, although I have not reared
many. I have been using Italians prin-
cipally until this year. I get more
honey from the Carniolans.

Wm. Atchley — For 10 years I pre-
ferred the 3-banded improved Italians,
but for the last 5 years the Carniolans
have proven themselves superior to the
Italians in my country.

THIRD DAY— FiBST Session.

After the members had asembled,
they were requested to go to the City
Hall, where a group photograph was
taken. Then at 10 o'clock, a. m., the
meeting was called to order by Pres.
Dadant. The Committee on Amend-
ments appointed last year was called
upon to make a report.

Pres. Dadant — Mr. Holekamp was a
member of the committee to divide the
membership into districts in the differ-
ent States.

Mr. Holekamp — I studied about this
matter and found that the work which
I had in mind for the directors was so
great that it will be very difficult to
find men who will undertake the work.
Therefore, I think it best not to make
any recommendations. I withdraw the
proposition.

Pres. Dadant — You have heard the
report of the committee. Under the
conditions I think it will be well to ac-
cept this and discharge the committee.

On motion the report was accepted,
and the committee discharged.

The Committee on Exhibits then re-
ported as follows:

Report on Exhibits.
We, your Committee on Exhibits,

beg to report a very creditable exhibit
of apiarian supplies and honey. How-
ever, we consider it short in many re-
spects.

The largest exhibitor, Udo Toepper-
wein, of San Antonio, Tex., shows hives
of various kinds, both in the flat and
nailed up ; honey and wax extractors,
bee-smokers, and other appliances gen-
erally listed in the catalogs, besides bot-
tled honey and beeswax. A nice fea-
ture of Mr. Toepperwein's exhibit was
the distribution of deUcious candy made
of honey.

A. G. Anderson, Secretary of the
Emery County Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, of Ferron, Utah, has two jars of
sweet clover and alfalfa honey, of light
color and good flavor.

T. F. Bingham, of Farwell, Mich., has
one of his latest improved bee-smokers.

L. Werner, of Edwardsville, 111.,
shows a bottle of Spanish-needle honey.
This honey is rather dark in color,
and strong flavored, otherwise resem-
bling buckwheat honey.

N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis.,
General Manager of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, has gotten up a
neat Guarantee Label or Seal, for mem-
bers of the Association to be placed on
packages of honey for protection. Mr.
France also has samples of different
kinds of honey from 34 States, labeled
according to their source. One rea-
son for the small exhibit here at the
convention hall is on account of the
exhibits at the Fair.

Exhibits of this kind in connection
with bee-keepers' conventions should be
encouraged. It draws out much inter-
est, acts as a source of advancement
in bee-culture, and adds materially to
the interest of the conventions.

Louis H. SCHOLL,

David H. Cocgshall,
A. G. Anderson,
Committee on Exhibits.

On motion the report was approved.
(Couttnaed ne.xt week.)

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Perforated Wood Separators

I have mailed you to-day a few samples of
a perforated separator which I am making,
and would like your opinion on the merits
or demerits of the same. As you see, it is
the plain sawed separator perforated in order
to secure the advantages of the slat separa-
tor at lees cost. 1 buy them at 40 cents per
hundred, and can perforate 1800 per day, so
you see it has the recommendation of cheap-
ness, at least.

As I use the T-super I can not use slat sep-

arators with bee-way sections. Have such
separators ever been used?

The greatest trouble in doing work of this
kind is to keep from splitting the wood, and
I have overcome that, having perforated 800
without spliuing one.

Would it be worth while to patent the ma-
chine, or could the separator be patented?

Provided there is enough merit in a separa-
tor of this kind, I should like to make them
and sell them at a more reasonable price than
the supply-dealer would. Iowa.

Answer. — You do not say whether you

April 18, 1907

American liee Journal

have used these separators, but I suspect not,
for unless the perforations are narrower you
will be pretty sure to have sections with
ridgy surfaces. I do not believe you could
secure a patent, for the same thin;; has been
in use before. Wood separators are sold for
much loss than you mention, but I think they
are sliced, and not sawed.

I do not quite understand why you say,
*' As I use the T-super I can not use slat sep-
arators with beeway sections." I do not un-
derstand why any separator can not be used
in a T-super, nor any section. Of course a
fence separator will not work the very best
with bee-way sections, but the two will work
together just as well in a T-super as any-
where else. I have used in a T-super fences
and separators of different kinds, also plain
sections and bee-way sections of different
sires, and if you will explain a little more
fully what you mean, perhaps I can show you
the way out.

Two Queens In a Colony

At one of the bee-exhibitions held at
Vienna, a discovery was made which perhaps
will change the opinion held on queens living
together. Before this it was thought an in-
contestable fact that every bee-family obeys
one queen, and that it was never possible that
the mastery could be divided. This opinion
can not be maintained after Prof. Gatter von
Simmering exhibited a bee-hive whose popu-
lation was governed by 2 queens, and which
seemed to enjoy the innovation. And what
is more remarkable, the 2 sovereigns lived to-
gether quite peaceably, and without ever get-
ting hostile. There was never a sign of
grudge, jealousy, or any attempts to get rid
of a disagreeable rival; but, on the contrary,
the 2 queens seemed to feel a really reciprocal
inclination. They came together from time
to time caressing, and separated tranquil and
peaceable, followed by their devoted subjects.
— Translated by HcGO Barth, of Washington.

Answer. — While in general only one queen
is to be found in a hive, it is not at all an un-
common thing, at the time when an old queen
is superseded, to find at least for a short time
mother and daughter living peaceably to-
gether. Indeed, this may be the rule rather
than the exception ; only hives do not happen
to be opened a great deal at the usual time of
superseding, which is at or near the close of
the harvest. If the case in question was that
of mother and daughter, it is only what may
be found in the fall in almost any apiary. If
the 2 queens were not mother and daughter,
then tne case is rare. In my own experience
I never had but one such case.

Wiring Frames and Fastening Comb
Foundation

1. I engaged in bee-keeping 2 years ago,
and now have 25 colonies wintering in the
cellar. I hope to double this number the
coming summer, and have contracted for the
IV^-story dovetailed hives for new swarms. I
shall work for extracted honey from these
hives exclusively, and have thought to use
full sheets of comb foundation in both brood-
chamber and supers. Not knowing the depth
of the brood-frames in the ordinary dovetailed
hives, I wish to know if I can procure comb
foundation eufflciently wide to fill the frames
above mentioned. Also, is it best to wire
said frames? If so, how many wires would
be necessary i

3. Describe briefly how the wires are put on
the frames and fastened.

3. How close to the bottom-bar should the
foundation come? and is it necessary to fasten
the foundation to the end-bars of the frame?
What instrument is best for the purpose?

Iowa.

Answers. — 1. Yes, comb foundation of
that size is kept regularly in stock, and by
ordering in advance you can have foundation
cut any special size.

Yes, unless the foundation is heavier

than is prolltabll^ It should be supported
either by wires or foundation splints. For
the deep frames 4 horizontal wires are used ;
and 2 for shallow frames.

2. You will probably find the end-bars of
the frames pierced for wiring when you pur-
chase them. Kind out how long a wire will
be necessary for each frame, and then figure
on having your wire cut a little longer than
necessary. Suppose you want to cut the wire

7 feet long. Cut it board half that length, 3,',,
feet, and wind the wire upon it. Then with
wire or string tie around the wires every (> or

8 inches, to keep it from snarling; and at the
same time tie around the board so that the lot
of wire will stay upon the board till all used
up. Now cut the wires at one end of the
board, and you can take hold of each wire at
the other end and draw it out as wanted.
Now run one end of a wire from the outside
through the hole next to a top hole in one
end-bar, then straight through the corres-
ponding hole in the other end-bar, then back
through the top hole of this last end-bar,
then through the top hole of the other end-
bar, and fasten the end by giving it a turn or
two about a small nail driven partly in, and
then drive the nail fully in. You will now
see your way clearly to working downward
with the other end, and fastening it in the
same manner. Make a board that will just St
inside the frame, put cleats on the edges so
the frame will be supported with the wires
just resting on the board, lay the foundation

• on the board and the wires on top of it, push-
ing the foundation into the saw-kerf of the
top bar as you lay down the frame; run the
wire-imbedder over the wires with sufficient
pressure to imbed them, then lift off the
frame and crowd the wedge into the top-bar
good and deep.

3. Leave .^4 inch between foundation and
bottom-bar. With foundation splints the
foundation comes clear down, but as you
have not Miller frames, you can not well use
them. There is perhaps no better tool for
imbedding than the spur wire-imbedder.

T-Supers and Cleaning Sections

I have been very much interested in those
discussions In the American Bee Journal
about cleaning sections. I have been keep-
ing bees in modern hives 7 years, and have
now run my apiary up to nearly 100 colonies,
and run mostly for comb honey. I have your
" Forty Yearg Among the Bees." and read
and studied it quite carefully in connection
with a number of others, and all the bee-
papers. I am using the Danzenbaker, Lang-
stroth and Ideal super, and 10-frame hives. I
adopted the plain section on account of the
style and the close packing for market, and
because they take less wood and are simpler
and easier to make if 1 take a notion to make
them, and a little cheaper when I buy theiu.
But it is a hard proposition to decide whether
I like the Danzenbaker better than the Ideal.

I have also been very much interested in
your T-super, and I think I shall try it next
summer, to see how I can make it work with
my kind of section.

I noticed in one of your discussions, in re-
plying to ''Colorado," regarding the pio-
digious speed in which you get your sections
scraped and cleaned, you seemed to place
great stress on the T-super for a short cut. I
fail to see the point. If I understand your
" Forty Years," your sections are all out of
the super before any attempt is made to clean
them. Then how can the super have any-
thing to do with the speed at cleaning? Of
course, I note that you say you take your
sections out in bulk, but my sections will also
come out in bulk from the Langstroth and
Ideal supers, and I imagine the slats would be
about as easily lifted oil as theT-tins; and I
can not see why the fences won't come out as
easily as your plain sawed separators, though
I must confess it generally takes a good, stout
knife all the way through to disengage the
pieces, as they are so everlastingly glued to-
gether with propolis. I very seldom take
them out in bulk, bat one row at a time, and

it is geuerally done right oat In the yard and
among the bees. I juettlpup a Lanfitroth
super on one side, or an Ideal super on one
end, as the case may be, right on the hive
where It was tilled, with bees and all In It,
and with my right hand on the bottom of a
slat, and my left hand on the top of an ad-
joining section and super-body, I work my
lingers among the bees until I get good bear-
ings, and begin pushing until one row of sec-
tions comes out. I then shake off the bees
and set that row on top of a near-by hive,
and with a knife I loosen another row and
take it out, and so on until I get a load to
carry in the house. I have found this the
most practical way I have ever tried for the
bulk of my crop. Sometimes, when bees are
cross, or robber-bees are bad, I have to smoke
the bees down and run inside fortifications
with the super to do the work, but these ars
exceptional cases.

But to get back to the point: You say
your honey comes out of the super in bulk.
Well, I suppose all bee-keepers bulk their
honey when it is taken out, anyway. What I
want to know is, how the T-super makes any
short cut at cleaning. My honey (what I
have left of it) is now bulked on a long bench
made by laying some 16-foot barn-boards on
hive-bodies, and I can pick up 8, 10 or 15 at a
time by simply griping two outside sections
in a row and pressing the others between like
a printer does a form of type. I could set «
number of them on a cleaning board in a
jifly, and throw a clamp around them and
wedge them up as you say " Philo " does, but
I can't see where the T-super part comes in
to help me out in the matter.

My sections are protected on the bottom
and sides, and the top is nearly always the
hard part to clean. Now, I can not see how
it will better the case to give the bees a
chance to gob up the bottom. Nevertlielees,
I think what you say must have something in
it, and I desire to test the matter the best I
can, and I want all the light I can get before-
hand. And now we go for the questions:

1. In what particular way does the T-super
assist at cleaning sections !

2. Do you think your methods of manipu-
lating T-supers would work as nicely with
plain sections and fences as with bee-way sec-
tions and sawed separators?

3. Did you ever try the all-metal separators
made of woven wire? If so, what was your
experience with them?

4. Do you think it would be easier to push
the super full of sections out of a T-super
than it would a Langstroth super, or an Ideal
super with slats?

5. Do you think it much easier to lift out
the T-tins than it would be to lift off the
slats?

6. Do you think it easier to lift out the
sawed separators then the fences?

7. Do you not think plain sections would
scrape much nicer in a clamp than the bee-
way section, there being no chance for propo-
lis to drop down between the sections?

8. How do you keep bits of propolis from
flying against the faces of sections and stick-
ing there, anyway while cleaning 2000 a day
in that dexterous fashion?

9. How do you keep your scraper clean?
I have always practised cleaning one section
at a. time with a knife; the latest is a butcher-
knife, and I find a very few strokes clog it
up so the edge is of no service, and so I de-
vised a damp cloth to wipe it on. Sometimes
it has to be wiped several times while clean-
ing a section, and the cloth fills up with
propolis. I used to wipe it on my apron,
which consisted of an old cotton wheat-sack
ripped up and arm-holes cut in it, until I got
a good portion of it well veneered with bee-
glue, and I got tired of that. The knife clogs
especially quick when a little honey has run
out and stands on the wood with the propolis.

10. When cleaning sections, how do you
manage the parts that are gummed with
honey as well as with bee-glue?

11. Well, you can supply this question, as
I think I have gone far enough; but I will
add that I think I am getting a little above
the average with the butcher-knife. I can
beat "Colorado." I can clean 200 a day all

338

April 18, 1907

American Hee ^Fournal

right, and then some; but I will confess that
I do not try to take off the stains. I have
found that a great deal of the stains on my
sections penetrate consideiably into the wood,
and 60 I content myself with making them
smooth and unsticliy. Missouri.

Answers. — I am glad of the prelude, for it
gives me a better idea of just what you want
answered.

1. I think you have an idea that I credit
to the T-super more than I actually do give it
credit for in the way of shortening the work
of cleaning sections. I don't for a minute
think it makes all the difference between
cleaning 2000 and 500 or more. The most
Important particular is the opportunity of
handling the sections in a block. If I think
the next 9 answers do not bring that out
clearly, I'll return to it in the 11th question.

2. Yes, and no. Depends upon what you
mean by the question. One of the beauties
of a T-super is that it adapts itself to a sec-
tion of any kind. Indeed, you can use sec-
tions of 6 different widths in the same T-
super at the same time. Can you do that
with any other kind of super? I have used
in the same T-super at the same time plain
sections and bee-way sections, plain sawed
separators and fences. If that's what you
mean by the question, then my answer is yes;
and I may say that the T-super used with
plain sections and fences gives the same ad-
vantage over other supers, as when used with
the bee-way sections and plain separators.
But if you mean to ask whether I can work as
rapidly with a Tsuper filled with plain as
with bee-way sections, my answer is no. I
can't say about others, but in this locality it's
slower work taking out fences than plain
separators, and slower work cleaning plain
sections than bee-way sections.

3. I tried them when they first came out,
many years ago, and at this distance I can
not give particulars, but I did not find ad-
vantage enough in them to adopt them.

4. It is not eaey to answer without the op-
portunity to try the two side by side; but it
may be said in general that there ought to be
very little difference in emptying two supers
if the entire contents of each super comes out
in a mass.

5. Yes. Even if a T-tin were no more
easily removed, there are only 3 in a super.

6. Yes. A knife will slice right through at
one stroke between the sections and the
sawed separators. With fences you must
hesitate at each post or you'll cut into the
post. Whether you have plain separators or
fences, it's easier to get them out of sections
from a T-super than from any other super
that allows the sections to be close together
endwise. For in the T-super the sections are
about 'i, inch apart endwise, and when at the
proper temperature you can strike with the
ball of each hand at the two ends of a row of
4 sections, and the single stroke will loosen
all 4 sections from the fence. That trick Is
in constant use in this locality, and I think
it's possible only with a T-super.

7. One ought to scrape about as well as the
other, provided there be a perfect adjustment.
But in clamping together a superful, it would
be nothing strange to find a good many places
where one section was 1-16 inch or more
higher than its next neighbor where the two
joined; this would make more trouble with
the plain than with the bee-space sections.
Bee-glue has the better chance to fall through
the bee-spaces, but in this locality that is not
a serious trouble.

S. It doesn't stick, because it isn't sticky.
It's merely dry powder or larger pieces of en-
tirely unsticky glue.

9. We don't have anv trouble of that sort.
The secret of it is that we don't work with
sticky propolis, and I don't believe you need
to either, if you wait till it's cool enough to
be brittle.

10. If there be honey on a section it will be
on the top. If there is any considerable
quantity it is first lifted off by sliding under
it a case-knife and scraping the honey from
the knife into a dish. Where there isn't
enough to scrape up thus, or after it has been

scraped up, a cloth quite wet mops off the
honey, and a drier cloth wipes it off.

11. This is the hardest of all to answer, but
I'll not attempt to answer all I can think of.
I feel like first asking you a question : Don't
you think you ought to be a bit ashamed to
shirk off upon the other fellow the task of
asking all your questions heretofore? Never
mind about that, but let's go back to the first
question. You may possibly not have caught
the idea from what has been said that when a
superful of sections is emptied out, all you
have to do is to lift off 3 T-tins, and you have
full chance at the whole top and bottom of the
superful, and when you have the tops and
bottoms of the seclions cleaned you have the
job pretty much done. If there is any other
super with which that can be done, it does not
now occur to me. You are quite right that
you can assemble in the same way the sec-
tions from any super; but you must first take
them apart and then put them together again.
The T-super saves this.

When you say you take out 4 sections at a
time and then get the bees off, I can't help
wondering whether you would not get along
a good deal faster to take off the whole super,
and after piling up 10 or 12 supers allow the
bees to get out of their own accord.

I don't know whether there may beany-
thing in your circumstances to oblige you to
clean sections while the glue is soft, but I
feel pretty sure you would get along twice as
fast if you would do the work when the glue
is brittle. The soft glue falling on the face
of a section and sticking there is a thing that
never occurs here, and it's ever so much easier
to scrape off dry, brittle glue than the sticky
stuff.

Now after all I've said in favor of the T-
super, I advise you to go slow and try it on a
small scale before you think of investing
much in that direction

t^i':^&<lf-iS^-»"'

^is^

Good PFOspeets for Honey

My bees have wintered very well and are at
present very busy gathering pollen and maple
sap, but no flowers are yet to be seen. The
thermometer was up to SO degrees above zero
in the shade for nearly 4 days in March, when
a sudden change came and the thermometer
went down to nearly zero. April started in
pretty cool, but it is getting warmer every
day, with a little rain. Everything is getting
green up here, and prospects are for a good
honey-year. B. F. Schmidt.

North Buena Vista, Iowa, April 4.

Unfavorable Weather

I took my bees out of the cellar April 3. af-
ter a confinement of 4 months. I found 3 col-
onies dead out ol 55. The weather since then
has been quite cold, cloudy and windy. To-
day it is freezing, with a high northwest
wind, and "spitting" some snow. It is rather
unfavorable weather for bees or farm work.

Kiceville, Iowa, April 8. A. F. Foote.

Ventilation in Wintering Bees

My bees swarmed very little last year, and
gave me very little surplus. As it was cold
and wet the bees did not build up in time for
the clover. They used most of the honey for
brood-rearing, but they went into winter-
quarters in good condition. I dug them out
of 4 feet of snow on March 13, and they had a
good flight, so I think they will come out all
right.

I read a good deal in the American Bee
Journal about ventilation in out-door winter-
ing. In moving my bees into the winter
boxes, I close the entrance with a piece of tin

with 5 small holes, so small that a bee can not
get its head through. In putting the bees
into winter quarters a couple of years ago, I
missed taking one of the tins out, and they
were closed up 5 months. When 1 came to
take them out I found the tin there. I
thought surely they would be dead, but when
I opened them I found they had wintered the
best of any in the yard. So much for ventila-
tion. I may say that they had a little upward
ventilation, as had all the rest.
Clarksburg, Oat. Edward Knoll.

FiFst Spring Pollen Record

The weather is warm. I have some losses
of bees, but not heavy except in 2 groups
numbering 14 colonies, which I let go into the
winter in a quite unusual way.

The first pollen was brought in yesterday.
The following is the first pollen-gathering-
record for 28 springs;

1880...
1881...
188'3...
1883...
1884...
1885...
1886...
1887...
1888...
1889...
1S90...
1891...
1892...
1893...

March 30
April 14
March 2
April 10
March "27
April '20
April 12
April 9
April 5
March 22
April 8
.April 2
Aprils
.March 31

1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.

..March 17
..April 0
..April 11
..April 18
..March 21
..April 12
. .April?
.. (?)
..March 23
. . March 17
.. (?)
. . March 26

.. (?)
..March 26

Of the first 13 there were only 4 in March ;
the last 13 have 7 in March. So the notion
that the springs are Uter now don't amount
to much. E, E. Hasty.

Toledo, Ohio, March 27.

Rearing and Mating Queens

Last season with one colony I reared 47
queens in 90 days. This colony builtallthe
cells, nurstd all the cells till the queens were
hatched, and nursed all the young queens till
they were mated with the drones. I tested a
good many queens and 1 made an increase of
3 colonies from this colony, and this spring
the colony is one of my best. I am getting
this colony ready now to rear queens this
season.

If 1 would have the time in August and
September to rear queens, I could rear 100
queens with a single colony in only one
season, and the colony would do all the
work. With my method 1 need not make nu-
cleus colonies, nor break up a colony. With
this method of rearing queens you can find
out how many queens will meet more than
one drone. The last lot of queens I reared
last season I watched closely to see how many
queens would meet more than one drone, and
out of 11 queens 6 queens met 2 drones each.
I had one queen that met 3 drones.

The 3 queens I received as premiums last
July are flue queens, and are better than I ex-
pected to get. The 3 queens breed nice bees.
I am so well pleased with one of the queens
that I will use her as a breeder this season.
She is leather-colored, and her bees are the
same, and are uniform in bands.

Jacob F. Hershet.

Lancaster Co., Fa., April 8.

Alsike for Bee-Pasturage

I wish to answer a question asked last
spring about this lime in Gleanings. The
questioner lived in Iowa, and asked the ques-
tion: •' What shall we plant or sow for bee-
pasturage?" The same answer that would
be true then is true now. There is nothing
better than alsike or S wedish clover. It makes
as fine honey as white clover or as sweet
clover. And no other clover makes as fine
hay for any kind of stock as alsike. All kinds
of stock like it, and will eat all of the stems
up. Then the second crop comes in good
play for fall honey.

We sow nothing in the clover family but

April 18, 1907

.339

American ^ee Journal i

alslke. Some people get the impressimi that,
aUikeand alfalfa are the same thio^;, hut this
is a mistake. Alslke must be sown with timo-
thy, as the stonis of the alsike are so limber It
can not staini alone. It can l)e sown in the
spring with the small-grain crop.

I have just received the March numbers of
the .\merican Bee Journal, auiJ it seems as if
an old friend has come to see me. The head-
ing on the outside says 4rth year. Forty-one
years ago last fall I traded my old musket,
that I brought home with me, for my (irst
colony of bees, and it was up and down with
me (down most of the time) until Thomas
■Chantry recommended tne to take some good
bee-paper. So 1 took the .Vmerioan Hee Jour-
nal, and from that time on 1 made better suc-
cess, but 1 had a great many failures. I
always tried to do better next time.

Menlo, Iowa. O. V. Mili.eh.

Bees and Honey in Montana

Bees are doing tine here. I have 35 colo-
nies which I run for comb honey. I got 100
pounds of honey from each of some colonies,
and the queens I got from you did better yet.
I rear my own queens now and want nothing
better.

I get 25 and 30 cents per pound for comb
honey, and 110 to $15 per colony for bees. I
■winter them outdoors. I have 4 colonies in
■one tenement house, but do not like it as well
as a single chat! hive. My main honey-flow
is from wild roses.

I clipped my queens March 23 and found
one dead out of 35. For experiment I left 2
supers of honey on. The honey was extra-
fine, but the bees are dead.

Frbd Hoffman.

Lewlstown, Mont., March 26.

ilUCCnS from 1000 colonies SUppllfiS
I sell queens at— 1 queen, 25c; doz., $3. Also
following supplies at >^ Root's prices: 1000
P.&I. fences; 1000 plain section-holders; 1000
4,14x414 plain sections ; Daisy foundation fas-
tener ; 10-inch foundation mill ; 200 lO-frame
wood-zincs ; 2 doz. Porter escapes ; 500 Hoff-
man frames. R. in. SPei^CKR,
4A16t Nordbolf, Cal.

TAYLOR'S. STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS THE BH3ST

Long ToDKues and Goldens are best of honey-
gatherers; 18 yrs. a specialty, breeding for best
uoney-gatherers. Untested, 7oc, or $s a doz. ; Tested,
$1. or $10 a doz.; Select Tested. $1.50. Breeders,
very best, from $:i to $5. Carniolans same price. Try
them. "We alao sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
an separate yards. Sate arrival guaranteed.

J. W. TAYLOR & SON

13Al0t BEKVILLE. Bee Co.. TEXAS.

70 Colonies of Bees
For Sale Cheap

In large quantities, $3.00 per colony, and
?3.50 in small lots. The bees are in 10-frame
Langstroth hives, and in excellent condition.

i3A4t G. FROGtINOW, Maijville, Wis.

Netal Mothers

Complete fireproof Hatch-
ing and Brooding Plant
for $7.50. 2 quarts oil will
hatch and brood 50 chicks
Our nest system is the
latest discovery. Full line
Poultry Supplies. Lowest
prices. FREE Cataloir.
Write today. CYCIE B.4TeHER
C0.,B05O, Keeseville, K. Y.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carnioian, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians — your choice. Prices: Untested, fl;
Tested, $1.25. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.
JOHN W. PHARR, Prop., Berclalr, Texas.
12At{ Please mention the Bee Joarnal.

We will Buy and
Sell

HONEY

S3» of the dilTerent grades and kinds. Kg

^^ If you have any to dispose of, or if ^g

^W you intend to buy, correspond ^«

^fj^ with us. f^S

iSS We are always in the market 5^

for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

26s & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. V.

!8«l

Mention

Bee Journal vrhcn writlns.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEQO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Please meutlou Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Money-Producers

Texas

^•~- . ^5^=:^S%'<?^ The Famons
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April, May
and .lune delivery, for t:!arniolans, Ital-
■ anH, and Goldens— equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Pkices:

Tested Queens .?1.0U each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 7."> " 7.(X) "

Untested " 50 " .i..iO "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

BIG STOCK

DOVETAILED HIVES,

Sections, etc. 1 sell Marshfield Mfg. Co.'s and
Root's SUPPLIES at factory prices. « frame,
}i-story, «1.33; lOframe, $1.50; No. 1 Sections,
$4; No. 2, $3.J0. Send for 4»page price-list if
you haven't one. With an order amounting to
IS or over I pive 7 percent discount till May 10.

S. D. BUELL, Union City, Mich.

16A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Carniolans! Italians!

FOR SALE

No disease. 2-conib Nucleus, with Queen,
$3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E, N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=TooI

^ Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr. Muenoh's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-grade malleable iron, much like wrought iron,
8>^ inches lonp. The middle part is 1 1-16 inches wide and 7-a2 thick. The smaller end is 1% inches long. J^
inch wide, and 7-;^2 thick, ending like a screwKiriver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc.. as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 1907, hs
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

Tlie " Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, lor sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
$1.00; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

April 18, 1907

American ^ac Journal

Standard=Bred Italian
FREE

PREiei (lUEEiS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens tbat we offer
every >ear FREE to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian ttueens:

George W. York & Co..— The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are tine, iney
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bets, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York * Co.;-After importing
ciueens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 91., Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date: and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week Chas. Mitchbll.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

Oeorqe W. York * Co.;-The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies. ^ ^ Qglbsby.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

(ieorne W. York cfc Co.;-The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
OK and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has g.o°« '° ^-o^^
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
vour promptness in filling my order. My
father; who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-

1; E. ti. M-CUOLM.

Marion Co., Hi., July 13.

How to 6et these Oiueens Free

• To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
SI 00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for 81.00. The Queen is offered as a
premium lor the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen send fl.50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation—" first come, first

,„A ■' Address,

serveu.

GEORGE W.YORK & CO-

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL.

00

are made every yenr in the book business.
Every family, rich or poor, must hnv©
books. Durint? the Inst lew yenrs S7.5UU..
000.00 have b.-en expended for Modem
Eloquence. .Sl-'.(-IOO,UOO.OO for Stoddard's
Lectures. S-JlJKXl.OOO.OO for the Century
Dictionnrv. and the tremendous sum of
$44,000,000.00. covering over half a million
sets of the F-r.cyclopBedia Britnnnica.
These liooka were sold by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on. . , ,. ..

We have a Bubscription publication
which sells more readily than any of the
above. The dt-mand is already so tre-
mendous thnt more cardtiil it* required to
swing it, or got behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest. . .

We have arranged a plan, whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Rememlier.the&uccessof this publi-
cation is not away off in the future— it 19
not prospective. l>ut it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
everv hour. Sales of this puVilication at
the time of publishingthis advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pa\s large dividends and is ae
Bolid as the Rock of Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
\ have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
Btock to be turned out in completed
books, whifh are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning big dividends.and which
IB led to sell a small amountof its stock
eimply because tlie business is already so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if >nn would grasp this op-
portunity you must

t Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In
Adrlress your letter to me personally,
like this— _ _

W. B. Gilbert
Dept. G 28 JacIuoD Blvd., Chicafo

April 18, 1907

341

-«^r%^rV"-

AmqricanBgc Journal jj^^T^

CONVENTION NOTICE.

MinncHotu. — The Minnesota Bee-Kcepors'
Association will hold its spring nieelinR on
Saturday, April 20, HIOT, at the Old State
Capitol in St. I*aul. The afternoon session
will commence at 1 o'clock, and the evening;
session at li o'clock. Free refreshments will
be served from 5 to G o'clock, by the lady
members of the Association. A leadlni? fea-
ture of the afternoon session will be a practi-
cal demonstration of the modern method of
queen-rearinjj, by Chas. Mondeng; and at the
evening session the simplest way to cure foul
brood. Papers will also be given on, " Spring
Management," by Wm. McEwen; " Produc-
tion of Comb Honey," by Chas. Blomqulst;
" Shipping Bees and Honey," by Mr. Gent;
"Bee-Keeping in Connection with Farming,"
by Pres. H. V. Poore; "Bee-Keeping for the
Beginner," by W. R. Ansell; and a paper by
Mrs. E. E. Merrill. Questions on bee-keeping
by any one interested will be fully discussed
and answered. I, ay everything aside and at-
tend this meeting; you will never regret it.
We want every one to come, whether a mem-
ber or not. Brother and sister bee-keepers
are all cordially invited. The membership
dues are Jl. 00 a year, including membership
in the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
Chas. Mondeng, Sec.

Minneapolis, Minn.

Want Afl ^ ™*° '° ^oi'ls 250 colonies of
TT4111CU bees on shares, or to work by
the month tor wages. State age, experience,
and wages expected, in first letter.
14A3t W. E. Forbes, Flainwell, Mich.

Western Bee-Keepers ^o^^y'IL

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COLORSDO HO»EV-FKODUCERS' ASS'S, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jouraal.

Best No. rsections rdT:tt-Z, ^°c

less. Discounts on Danz. and Root's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. DUbU, St. flRPe, III.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save jon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Kedfoed, Wayne Co., Mich.

NORTHERN KING QUEENS

One Untested, 60 cents; 2 for $1. Tested, $1
each. Breeders. $5 each. Mailed June 1st.
Orders booked now. Address, B. F. Schmidt,

R.F.D. No. 1, North Buena Vista, Iowa.

14A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

26 EGGS

from my Choice
Strain White
Wyandottes, -Si. 00

J. F. Michael, l^tl, Winchester, Ind.

14A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6.5o. Tested, $1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.00. GEO. M . BARNES.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

BEE-SUPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Unce, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all l<inds. The Dovetail, Ivatijfstroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. K'emeraber that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a pood, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Keniember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

^

KRET6HMER MFG. CO.. Council Blutts, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

s

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
poried slock. All Queens
I eared in full colonies.

Prices of Italians In April :

One Tested Queen $1,65

" Select Tested Queen 2.20

" Breeder Queen 3.30

" Tested Caucasian . . . 2.C0

Untested in May. All others
ready now from last reason's
rearing. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For prices onlarger
quantities and drscriptioo of each grade of
Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

15Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.

Hentlon Bee Journal irhen vrrlttnB.

How to Make Money Easu

Restock your apiaries with Atchley Queens;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leading
races in their purity. Untested, SI each ; $9
per doz. ; .$60 per 100. Tested, $1.50 to $3.50
each; Breeders, *3 to S5 each. 1, 2, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Get our prices before you buy. We
manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will exchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey. Beeswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Honey Co.
Will Atchley, Mgr.
llAtf Box 218, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.
Mention Bee Jonraal when vrrltlnK.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, 81 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, .*:i You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Jonrnal vrhen Trrltlns.

Italian '^'pSTA^f -^s^" Queens

Golden breeders. My own strain 3-banded
dark, 1907, Uuteated, $1; Tested, $1 50. Queens
mailed soon as weather permits rearing.

16Alt C. D. BENTON, Akin, N. Y.

Hee>Nui>pli<^M and Kerr:r-Boxei«

Lewis B ware lit Factory Prices. Bee-li'eepers. clut)
toeether, senil nie list uf Koorts wanted, and let me
quote you prices. 1 give the roeular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send fori'atalot;

6Etf W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen \TrltlaK.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order ainounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Cataloe —
free. ^

W.D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, nich.
28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

29 Years Means QIEEN Quality

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year,
like last, and 280 to the colony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. Eyery queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tell&
of Italian and Caucasian.

8Etf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing. Mich

Mention Bee Journal when iTrltlnx»

Queens

The finest in the land from
Daniel Wurth & Grant.

S-Banded, Red Clover,
and 5-Banded Goldens.

The Goldens took First
.m' Premium at every Fair thoy

were exhibited last year.

Prices :— Untested, ?1.00 each ; Tested, SI. 50
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

1^" Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have oioved from San Antonio
Texas.— D.W. 6E8t

Italian Bees and Queens

Untested.. ,.$ 75 1 fr. Nucleus (no queen) $1.50
" Select 1.00 2 fr. " "2 00

Tested 1.50 3 f r. " " Vso

" Select 2.00 (No disease. ^

„ E. M. OOLLYER
16Alt 7S Broadway, OSSININQ. N. V.

Uentlon Bee Jonrnal when wrltlns.

American ^eg Joarnal j

April 18, 1907

YOUR MONEY IS GOOD

You know that. We know that. Every one knows that. If it were not,
ever}" one would not be ready to take it. You and you alone must insist on
returns, real returns for the good money you spend for bee-supplies. If 3"0U
don't see to it that you get your money's worth no one will.

NOW WE WANT TO ASK YOU A QUESTION

> Do you know that you are losing money — real, hard-earned money — ever}-

time you put a colony of bees into a cheap, poorly fitting hive ? You are,
for the good reason that the bees are spending most of their time building
over the hive when they ought to be making honey.

HONEY MEANS MONEY

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS!

II [^

MAKES THE FINEST

Thus more than the money that you think 3'ou are saving when 3'ou buy a
cheap hive the bees are losing for you " hand over fist," and you don't know
it. It's the fault of the hive.

That's why some bee-keepers get a whole lot more hone}- than others.
That's why the man using the best goods makes the most money when it
comes to cashing in at the end of the season. We can prove that. Men can
build hives cheaper and better than bees. Then why not have evervthing
just right to begin with ?

LEWIS HIVES ARE BUILT RIGHT

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
dc la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 0ficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., Mauzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,
Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, Fallbroolc.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Hooey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Lonis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.
MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids

MASSACHUSE TTS-
fieid Hills.

Alvln A. Vlnal, Marsh-

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

OREGON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver &. Greene, Troy.

TEXAS— Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.Lilly Company,
Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO., '■ The original Beeware People " WateFtOWD, WlS.

April 18, 1907

343

American Hee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
lor 1307

It Is profusely illiistriited and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writ(>rs
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American I!ee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N, Y.
[Established 25 years.J
HeBtlon Bee Joamal whea wrttlnc.

4- 23ec5tpax^-

Chicago, April 4.— Market is quite bare of
best grrades of comb honey. When sales are
made it is on a basis of 15@17c, with very little
outlet for the off -grades. Extracted, 7@8c; off
grades, 6@6Hc. Beeswax in good demand at
30@32c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, April 10.— Owing lo the cold
weather, there has been quite a demand for
comb honey in the last 10 days; quite a number
of odd lots have been moved in this market,
with not so many arrivals as heretofore. We
quote: Fancy white comb honey, 15@16c; No.
I, 14@lSc; amber, 12(2(140. Fancy white ex-
tracted. 7@8c; light amber, 6(<r7c. Beeswax,
very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, Jan. 16 —The stock of white
comb honey is pretty well exhausted, and we
do not expect any more arrivals of large lots
from now on Prices are firm, a-^d we quote
from lS@16c f:)r fancy white; 13tail4c for No. 1;
I2c for light amb^r. There is quite a little dark
and buckwheat on the market, but no over-
stock, and we think that all of it will be di •
posed of before long at preseal prices, which
we quote from 10(5il2c, according to quality.
Extracted honey very firm, with sufficient sup-
ply to meet demand. California white sage is
bringing from Sd^S^c; light amber, 7i4c; am
ber, 6!^@7c; buckwheat extracted in fairly good
demand at 6@6^c. Southern in barrels finds
ready sale at from 55@70c per gallon, according
to quality. Beeswax firm and steady at 31c.

HiLDRBTH & SrGELKBN

Denver, Feb. 14.- Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quali'y. We quote sirictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2. t2,80. White
extracted, ^(aS%c per pound; light amber,
7^@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27(ig)28c, deliv-
ered here.

Thk Colo. Honey-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, Mar. 11— There is very little de-
mand for extracted honey at this wriiing,
which is only natural, owing to the unsettled

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for UKJ7 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME. 'i^^ti^.Zmt """■

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

bools

Order for

LAr«S, and 4;Ai;€)ASIAr«S

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

breij in separate apiaries,
the CiOL,l>R.'>i VKI..
L,UW8, C'AK.^IO-

e. H.W.WEBER =;■

Office and Silesrooms, 2146.-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

weather at this time of the year. However, we
are lookiag forward with interest to a revival
of trade, as soon as the warm spring days are
here. We quote amber extracted honey in bar-
rels at 6%@7Kc, the price depending upon the
quantity purchased. Fancy table honey in
crates of two 60-lb. cans each, at S'®9c. There
is little demand for comb honey owing to the
lateness f f the season. Choice yellow beeswax,
3J@35c, delivered here.

Thb Fhbd W. MtjTH Co.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plenUfnl, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@i7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12'<E13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c: ambrr. 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at$3S per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov, 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fincy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, ISc; buckwheat, 15c.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7>ic; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@28c.

ThhGkiggs Bros & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, Mar. 30— The demand for comb
honey is light, as alsoa'e the receipts. The
market is about bare of extracted. We quote:
No. 1 while comb. 24 sec. cases, $3 10 to f3.2S;
No. 2, f2.50 to •2.75. Extracted, white, 8(a»9c;
amber, 7{a>8c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2
selling at IS^^c, and slow sales. Light am &er
extracted sells in barrels at SJi@6c. Beeswax,
32c, delivered here. C H. W. Wbbbb,

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr St. Chicaqo. Ilu

If you want the Bee-Book

rviai covers the whole Apicnltnral Fi^ld more

completely than anj other pnblished,

send SI. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlsconnts to tbe Trade.

It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

Please Mention the American Bee Journal AdSJrTii?/

BEE SUPPLIES.

Ws han^a tha finast baa auppllaa, mada by tha W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., Jameatown, N. Y. Big Dlaeounta en aarly ordars, lat ua figure
with yau en your wants.

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a henoy board, warp,
proof cover, and bottom board, think of it, aama price as the regular
-tylea. Send for Cataleg.

THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

T ST.. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

April 18. 1907

4i^il/\l/il/xl/\l/\l/Vt/\l/\l/\l/\l/il/\l/\l/ii/\i/\t>\l/\l/\lA^

5S

Marshfield Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why 'should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat — nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago,
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell, Union Citj.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairbury.
CANAD A— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Out.
ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phcenix.
MINNESOTA— Northwestern BeeSup-

ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS— D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^:

&

47th Year

APRIL 25, 1907

Number 17

''i.5^»«*'»W'*M

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

346

April 25, 1907

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W.YORK S; COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal IB
$1.(10 a year, in tbe United Stales, Canada, and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union. 60
cents a year extra for postafje. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates tlie
end of the month to wbicb your subscription ispa-.d.
For instance, "dec"?" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION REGEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt fur njoney sent us to pay BubscripiiOD. but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.... 5 per cent
13 " ....10 "
26 " ...20 '•
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

lOO lines... Sperceni
500 " ...10 "
lOOO " ...20 "
2O0O " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and detend its members in their
lawful riiihts.

3d.— To entor»e laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues^ $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Z^~ If more convenient. Does may be sent to the
Qhl'^'i'T-j i}\ the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

Tiri^V*

O WONT YOU BEE m HOtilX
And cm[[r this \.ohili hcart?
Fob I WOULD Huo you all th[ tihe ,

And Wt WOULD NFVEft PART

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cute herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-cusioniers, to reiciud them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put. i_ _

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for lOo (stamps
or silver), or .5 fkee with the American Bee
Journal one year at j;i. 00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2}„
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORKt.& CO.

3.34 Dearborn btroe CHICAGO, IJ.7,.

BEE-SUPPLIES

■i^

AND $4VE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Itovelailed HiveN. Nectioii<«. Seoiion-llolders,
Separator;., Itrood-I'ranies, Foundation, !>$nioker!«, E.v-
traolors, i^hippingf-Casrsii, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONE?.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Mlnn6Soy B66-K66D6rs' Suddio 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Diumer's GomD Founilailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrfltlnir.

Western Bee- Keepers .s^how^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THK COLORADO nOKEI-PROlUJCERS* ASS'N, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please meutlon the Bee Journal.

Best No. 1 Sections

per 1000, $4.00; No.

2, $3 40; plain, 2Sc
Icj-s. Discf unts on Dauz and Rod's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees
for sale.

H. S. Dubu, St. ftnne, 111.

Please mention tbe Bee Journal.

TENNESSEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

.3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens from
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After Apkii, 15th.

Italians Before Jiilij 1st

; After Jiilij 1st

GftRNIOLftNS 1

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6

12

1

6 j la

1

6

IS

1

6

IS

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tesied. .

% .7.5
100
1. 50
2.00

$4 00

5.00

8 00

10 00

S 7. .50

9 00

15.00

18.00

$ .60

.75

1.25

1.50

$3 25
4.25
6 50
SOO

« 6 00
8.00
12.00
15 00

$ ,85
1 10
1.60
2.10

84 50
5 50
8.50

10.50

I 8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

$ .95
1.20
1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6 00

9 00

11.00

$8 50
10 00
16 00
19,00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders $10.00 1-frame Nucleus (no queen) $150

Select Golden Breeders 3 00 2-frame " " 2.00

'■ 3-band " 3.00 3-frame " " 2.50

" Carniolan " .; 3.10 4-frame " " 3.00

" Caucasian" 3.25 1 full colony without queen in 8-frame

dovetailed hive 6.00

Bees by the pound in light shipping-boxes, $1.00 per pound.
Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

i7A4t 2iDtf JOHN M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn,

I McBtlon Bee Journal nbea wnuns.

April 25, 1907

347

American Hee Journal f^p "^^^^EH

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking; advantage of our

rire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

Ht^i- 5«eii<I tor list ot !^lightly l>ain-
agetl UootiM to select troni Ht Kf diicvd
••rices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in eOpound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. no. u .>

Long Distance Telephone, North 1550. 191 and 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON

TOOLS

e. P Pilling & Son Co.,
^Icofloli H«-«- .1,)

liiponizinj^ IS easy — soon
learned. Complete outfit
, with free instructions
postpaid J3.50.

^Gape Worm Extractor 35c

Poultry Marker 25c

I Frcncli Killing KnifeSOc
JCapon Book Free.

Arch St., Phiiadelphla ,Pa.
nul «Thcn wrltlUK-

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3tt Please mention the Bee Journal

BEE 0 POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed tor the " Busy Bee " and the '■ Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WAEE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Atf C M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

Hy Express or Freight.

6 to 8 feet, each 8c; per IW) |?.00

8 to 10 feet, eflch itc; per KKI H.OO

ARTHUR STANLEY. Dixon, III.

13Atf

F*l^ase mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial Btone. Practlcallj Inde-
iiructible» and K'^'ajf entirely Batl&factory re-
sults. Comb foandation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylag
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
f'heets, 12.00. Othrr size^^ 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press makioi? the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.5^, any siz* wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

4SAtf
.Mention

KNOXVILLE, TENN.
•loiironl when vrrttlnff.

CAf Cdio "'*' Acre Farm and lOO
rUI 041C Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good Sroom house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C FITTS,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when vrrltlnff.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONKTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
SScents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
e Clipping Device. Address,
nEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILi*

%nd th

' If goods are wanted Quick, send to Ponder."

Established 1889.

riy Rapid=Fire Business flethods

By the Bee-Crank.

Quick action on the comb-foundation
proposition. I will pay 33c in trade
for beeswax, and ship you IMME-
DIATELY whatever supplies you may
order in exchange, including founda-
tion, without delaying to have your
wax worked over.

The advantage of this plan is that it
saves time, and gives you the same re-
sults exactly that you would have if
your own beeswax were worked over
and returned to you.

Here's a recent letter from another
customer who appreciates quick service
and good treatment :

ViNCENNES, Ind.
Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.

Dear Sir:— The goods came with usual
promptness— fact is, they came so quick that I
thought they mast have been sent by**Dyna
Mite" instead of "Pouder." Thanking you
for your more than fair treatment of me in the
past, and assuring you that when I **waut
goods qnick " I will send to " Pouder," I re-
main. Yours truly. Jay Smith.

I carry ready for immediate shipment Metal-Spaced Hoffman Frames, Danzenbaker Hives, Dove-
tailed Hives, Section Honey-Boxes, Weed Process Comb Foundation, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee-
Smokers, Bee- Veils, Pouder Honey- Jars, and a host of other standard supplies that are told about more
fully in my new catalog, which is yours for the asking. I sell Root's goods at Root's prices, and save
you time and freight charges.

NOTE. — When you send beeswax, attach your name to the package. Send by freight or express,
according to amount.

W/ril-^^f» C I3|^||rlot* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
TYCllLW^l 4Z7. rV/M\4^1 INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

348

April 25, 1907

American ^ee 'Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

p-'w^.-J .

'<"• F ■

'Si 1 ■• - "*

w

ir

,y.-,i-: - --^

3rd

;

>

(' ',

i

r

1 tt.^Jafci^'.

:j1

iL.^-rS?;^'^!,:

■^'^li. ii

1.

r

■ •^•' -r

i

p

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J

i

i.

-^'•'

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»,

i

>

' Ji_iUwi»i)a..ii~.i>.«l.i ■ .^ «-

tM »•>><.«>«&».'

^Uij|»,«i;V^ji,

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

*Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

California

'Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California N ational

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Fruita Fruit and Produce Ass'n

District ol Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Georgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

CJiicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

EvansvUle Vickery Bros.

loTv^a

Dee Moines Joseph Nysewandcr

Kansas
Angusta Carl F. Buck

• These dealers buy

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A.I. Root Co .

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

I^e«' Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

NeTf IforW

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Wllliamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Tirginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbetl

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the Poat-Offloe at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 334 Dearborn Street.

GEOKGK W. YOllK, Rditor

CHICAGO. ILL, APRIL 25,1907

VoL XLVII— No. 17

idiitorial ^otes
and Commenfs

^*v

Caring for Empty Combs

Various methods of caring for empty combs
when not in use by the bees have been men-
tioned. Recently it was advised to wrap
them in paper. Regarding this, Mr. E. V.
Pagan writes :

Mr. Editor:— On page 286, "Michigan"
is advised to wrap his combs in paper to pro-
tect them from wax-worms. If the combs
are free from the eggs or larvae of the bee-
moth when thus protected, the plan will be
successful, for the moth that lays the eggs
will be kept out. But the chances are 9 out
ef 10, if not 99 out of IHO, that at least some
of " Michigan's" combs already had eggs or
larv;e in them, and these would go on with
their work just as cheerfully wrapped up as
unwrapped. Almost always, when combs are
to be taken care of, they are combs from col-
onies that have died in winter. Such combs
are pretty sure to have larvs or eggs in them
when left by the bees, and wrapping up
would be no protection. E. V. Pagan.

Abbott Plan of Queen-Introduction

Dr. Miller calls attention to the fact that
the Abbott method of introducing queens has
been mentioned several times in the American
Bee Journal, though some seem not to have
remembered seeing it, among them being
Wm. M. Whitney. Here is what Dr. M. says :

Mr. Editor:— On page 280, my good friend
Wm. M. Whitney speaks of the Abbott plan
of introducing queens, and says: "I have
never observed it in any work on beekeeping,
nor in any paper, if I'm not mistaken " .\re
you not in the habit, Mr. Whitney, of skip-
ping anything you find on the introduction
of queens? Look at the American Bee Jour-
nal for 1906, page 449, 3d answer to .Minne-
sota, where you will find, " There is probably
greater safety in the Abbott plan of patting
the caged queen into the hive 2 or H days be-
fore," etc. See also page 738, 1906, last sen-
tence of reply to Massachusetts. Possibly,
however, you don't spend time reading such

'^^-

elementary things as are to be found in the
Question-Box — and I don't blame you for
that— but surely you ought not to have
omitted the editorial page 798 of the same
volume, where the 3d sentence on the page
reads, " Mr. E. T. Abbott advises this im-
prisonment without losing the time of the old
laying queen," and then particulars of the
plan are given. I am pretty sure mention of
the plan can be found in other places, but the
ones mentioned are enough to free the Ameri-
can Bee Journal from the charge of neglect-
ing to mention what you esteem an important
item. C. C. Miller.

Loose ° Hanging versus Self -Spaced
Frames

The editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review val-
iantly champions loose-hanging frames. He

says:

"The American Bee Journal says that I
make it appear that the self-spacing is most
valuable for holding the frames in place when
moving bees, when the greatest value is in
the rapid handling that may be done with
self-spaced frames — no time used in spacing
them. Let's see about this rapid handling.
With self-spaced frames some sort of a wedge
or spring must be pried out. Then a dummy
must come out — and oh, how it does stick,
sometimes."

Isn't that something new that a wedge or
spring must first be pried out? Has it ever
appeared in print before? Perhaps his is an
unfortunate locality, for with the right kind
of self-spacing frames there is no more need
of wedges than with loose-hanging frames,
and they are just as objectionable in one case
as the other.

"Then a dummy and oh, how it

does stick, sometimes.'' Yes, sometimes.
And how a loose-hanging frame does stick,
sometimes. But with the right frames and
dummy, what need of a dummy sticking? Of
course it is possible to have a dummy so

made and so used that "how it does stick"
applies; but there is no need to have it so
made and used, ever.
Mr. Hutchinson says further:

"Then the frames must be pried apart.
Sometimes it is possible to pry the brood-nest
apart in the middle, but oftener the frames
are stuck fast so tightly that it is necessary
to commence at one side and pry the frames
loose one at a lime until the middle of the
brood nest is reached, when, at last, we are
ready to remove a comb. All this does not
strike me as very rapid handling. With loose-
hanging frames it is necessary only to pry
loose a comb each side of the one to be re-
moved, press them over a little to one side,
when the comb between can be lifted out."

It is to be feared that the bad cases have
made so strong an impression on Mr. Hutch-
inson's mind that the good cases are too little-
considered. Possibly, too, the good cases are
greatly in the minority. Later he speaks of
Hoffman frames as especially objectionable.
There are self-spacing frames and self-spacing
frames, and there is a material difference be-
tween frames with the end-bars partly or
wholly in contact and those with the small
point of contact of nails or staples. He says,
" Sometimes it is possible to pry the brood-
nest apart in the middle,'' and he might well
have added, " and with the right frames it is
always possible." Also, he might well have
added a " sometimes " to the statement that
to get out a loose-hanging frame it is neces-
sary to move only 2 other frames; at least he
has been extremely fortunate if he has not
met cases where it was necessary to move 3 or
4 other frames.

It must be admitted that self-spacing frames
may be so bad that to get out the first frame
is harder than to get it out of nicely managed
loose frames, and if Mr. Hutchinson insists
that the worst case of loose frames he ever
met was not to be compared with some cases
of self-spacers, no one " in this locality " is
inclined to quarrel with him. But when there
is so much difference in self-spacers, it is
hardly fair to condemn all because some are
at fault.

Again, Mr. H. says:

" In the matter of getting the combs back,
one kind can be put back as rapidly as the
other. After they are in the hive, the loose-
hanging frames will probably need some
spacing with the fingers, but this won't take
so very much longer than it does to put in

April 25, 1907

American ISae Journal

the dummy and get it into place with wedges
or springs."

" Loose frames will probably need some
spacing." Some of the veterans who handled
loose frames for years will smile at that
"probably." If Mr. Hutchinson has a gift
that allows him to put loose frames in proper
place instantaneously, or even to space them
afterward correctly in less time than he can
return self-spacers, he is an expert in that
direction, and it is hardly fair to decide the
ease by his performance. It is probably a
moderate statement to say that the average
bee-keeper will put in the dummy (for he has
no need of " wedges or springs ") in one-

fourth the time he will take to space the loose
frames satisfactorily ; and when it comes to
exactness of spacing, he will in 2 seconds
space the self-spacers more exactly than he
can the loose frames in a whole day with only
eyes and fingers. Mr. Hutchinson says:

" I have used the 2 kinds of frames, side by
side, in our own apiaries the last season, and
my choice comes from actual practise, not
theory nor prejudice."

Undoubtedly, Mr. Hutchinson; but have
you not been unfortunate in the kind of self-
spacers? Try a better kird, and see if you
will not change your verdict.

Cleb^s - Items

The Apiary of Samuel Dysart, on

the first page, was thus described by its owner
when sending us the photograph :

"The Pines Apiary " of 30 colonies is shown
in winter quarters. I use S-frame Langstrotb
hives as improved by myself. Each, as shown
by the picture, is enclosed in a separate box,
also made by myself. I think I have per-
fectly mastered the wintering of bees on the
summer stands, by protection from cold and
keeping them perfectly dry. I keep bees for
both pleasure and profit. My plan is more
expensive than most bee-keepers, but it gives
me pleasure to see them thus protected.

The picture shows the apiary from the
southeast, with the pine trees and the rear
portion of my residence to the northwest.

I am now in my TSd year, and all my life
since infancy I have been used to bees. I met
Father Langstrotb and Moses Quinby during
their lives, and nearly all the time since the
days of Samuel Wagner, as publisher of the
American Bee .Journal, I have been one of its
subscribers. Samuel Dtsart.

A Home Song

:hf...V''^«*:jC^.'i .\.'' . .,.:..'.;.^:.'.t'pli£^.-iii.^:". ^■■>^^.

Central Tennessee Association. —

The bee-keepers of Davidson and adjoining
counties in Tennessee met March 30, and or-
ganized the Central Tennessee Bee-Keepers'
Association. The election of officers resulted
as follows: President, John M. Davis, of
Spring Hill ; Vice-President, W. M. .Joseph ;
and Secretary, J. M. Buchanan, of Franklin.
It was a very enthusiastic meeting, and the
Association starts off with 15 members, repre-
senting Davidson, Wilson, and Williamson
counties. The members of the Association
believe that the bee-keeping industry can be
made a much more important business in
Tennessee than it is at present, although the
interest in it has been increasing during the
recent past. The time of the next meeting
will be Saturday, April 37, at 10 :30 a.m., in
Nashville, in the building occupied by the
local Board of Trade.

A Correction.— On page 317, 3d para-
graph in the article, " How to Clip a Queen,"
it says, " In the left hand is held a fine pair
of curved-pointed surgical scissors." This
should be right hand.

The Apiary of John P. Coburn, of

Woburn, Mass., is pictured on the first page
this week. When sending it, he wrote as fol-
lows:

I enclose a picture of my apiary. There are
74 hives in the yard in 4 rows, only 3 of them
showing in the picture. Forty of the hives
have outside winter-cases, allowing 1'4 inches
of corkdust packing at ihe sides, 2 inches at
the back, and one inch at the front. Twelve
colonies are in Dadant hives with Jumbo
frames; these are without winter-cases, but
have corkdust dummies on their sides and the
same cushions on lop. There are also 3 tene-
ment winter-cases with 4 hives each, which
have leaves for packing at the sides. Several
hives have 2-ply roofing-paper for winter pro-
tection around them.

Until 10 years ago I had my bees in box-
hives with drawers in them for surplus honey.

There are in this apiary 5 different styles of
frames. Seven of the colonies are oh Danzen-

■a;j:v-:..'!-: -^ -.J

baker frames, and 4 on 6-inch double extract
ing frames, thus making a sectional hive.

I make my own hives, principally— that is,
the bodies; I buy the inside fixtures in the
flat. I am not a carpenter, nor the son of a
carpenter, but I think I could give something
that would be of interest to bee-keepers about
making hives and winter-cases.

My granddaughter, who is in the High
School, took the picture.

John P. Coburn.

I turned an ancient poet's book,

And found upon the page:
" Stone walls do not a prison make,

Nor iron bars a cage. ' '

Yes, that is true; and something more:
You'll find, where e'er you roam.

That marble floors and gilded walls
Can never make a home.

But every house where Love abides.

And Friendship is a guest.
Is surely home — and home, sweet home—

For there the heart can rest.

Henry Van Dtke,
in Country Life in America.

C^anadian

Conducted by J. L. Bteb, Mount Joy, Ont.

Stealing' Foul Brood

While present at the Victoria County
Bee-Keepers' convention, held on Good
Friday at Little Britain, Ont., Mr.
Burton, of Liadsay, told me of an
amusing incident that happened while
he was learning bee-keeping with Mr.
D. A. Jones, once so prominent in api-
cultural circles.

As many will remember, during the
latter years of Mr. Jones' extensive
hee-keeping operations, his apiaries
became very badly affected with foul
brood ; indeed, I have heard some say
that this was one of the main reasons
he quit the business. Be that as it
may, one of Mr. Jones' out-apiaries
was particularly bad with foul brood,
and only a mile or so away from this
yard was a gentleman of none too good
reputation who had upwards of 100
colonies of bees in the spring, in grand
condition and free of foul brood. Along

about the latter end of May, Mr. Bur-
ton and another gentleman visited the
out-yard in question, and found that
some one had been there before them
and had taken a lot of the brood combs
out of the hives. Suspicion at once
fell upon the neighboring bee-keeper,
but they decided to keep quiet and
await developments.

About 6 weeks after this, the man
who was suspected of the theft, came
to the factory of Mr. Jones, and, meet-
ing Mr. Burton, in the course of the
conversation remarked, " Say, what
does this foul brood look like that we
are hearing so much about these
days?"

Mr. Burton explained things as best
he could, and the bee-keeper remarked,
" I have it among my bees, sure."

At this juncture the foreman of the
factory came in, and hearing this as-
sertion, he, without hesitation, boldly
accused him of the theft, and said it

April 25, 1907

-"^r^EfSity^

American ISae Journal i

served him right if he lost all his bees.
The man was so taken back at this
that he never denied the accusation,
and left the factory at once.

It seems he had gone through the
Jones apiary and taken out all the
fullest combs of brood he could find ;
they were then taken home and given
to his colonies to strengthen (?) them.
As he lost his entire apiary, this cer-
tainly was a case of " taking fire into
his bosom " with a vengeance, and
about on a par with the case of a thief
going along the road one night and
stealing the bed-quilts on which a
smallpox patient had died, the quilts
having been hung outdoors that even-
ing for an airing.

Cement Hive-Stands

This is an age of cement construc-
tion, so it is not to be wondered at that
bee-keepers are turning to this durable
and inexpensive material for making
hive-stands and other things con-
nected with the apiary.

While at the Brautford convention
R. H. Smith, President of the Ontario
Association, was telling me that they
are this winter making a number of
these hive-stands for their own use. If
I remember correctly, they make them
in the form of a cross in molds made
for the purpose. While it is not possi-
ble to make them very rapidly, unless
one has a number of molds, yet if the
work is done in the winter, or other
time when the beekeeper is not busy,
this is no serious objection. Of course,
if the work is done in the winter, it
will be necessary to have some place
to do the work where the frost does
not bother.

The thing that struck me most for-
cibly was the extreme cheapness of
such stands, Mr. Smith assuring me
that the cement required for each stand
did not cost over 2 cents each. As to
cost of sand required, with most of us
that is simply a matter of the labor re-
quired for hauling.

With the rapidly advancing prices of
lumber, we need not be surprised if
within 10 years the most of the present
wood-stands will be superseded by
cement ; indeed, some have already
used cement bottotns for their hives,
but this departure at present is but in
the experimental stage.

Comb OP Extracted Honey for
Beginners ?

At the recent Brantford convention,
the question as to whether a beginner
should produce comb or extracted
honey, was provocative of more dis-
cussion than almost any other topic
presented. In the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal Mr. E. G. Hand, who conducts a
" page for beginners." has the follow-
ing to say on the subject : ^~^n

A question that presents itself to every
beginner is whether he shall run his bees for
the production of comb honey or extracted
honey. He often decides in favor of comb
honey, because he figures that the outlay for
supplies will not be so large — no extractor,
uncapping-knife, tin cans, or anything of
that kind to buy. The production of flrst-
clasB comb honey at a profit is a thing, how-

ever, that can be accompllBhed only by a per-
son who thorouglily understands the hand-
ling of bees, and the money spent for section
supers, sections, foundation, cases, crates,
etc., and the time rei|ulredto put these things
together (breaking probably half the sections
the first time it is tried) will come to nearly
as much as woulil start In the plant necessary
for the securing of uxtracted honey.

Another thing : When you have a stock of
extracting combe ami a good extractor, you
have them for all time if properly cared for;
and if you ever want to sell out, these combs
are worth money— a lot of it. In the produc-
tion of comb honey, everything except the
supers must be bought and put together every
year, and is sold with the honey. It is also
much more difiicult to control swarming
when running for comb honey, and without
control of swarming comb honey can not be
produced successfully.

There are plenty of other reasons, too, but
these will suffice for the present. After you
have been running the bees a year or two and
have become acquainted with them and with
your locality, if you feel like having a " try "
at comb honey, by all means have it. You
will be far more likely to succeed than it you
tried it first go off.

Quilts Over Frames

As to what percentage of bee-keep-
ers on this side of the Atlantic use
quilts over the frames, I would not
have the slightest idea if asked the
question. Editor Hutchinson has
never used a quilt, and he says in a
late issue of the Review, " If any one
thinks I ought to use quilts, I wish he
would write me." Commenting on this
in the British Bee Journal, D. M. Mac-
douald says :

" I don't suppose many American apiarists
will trouble to i;oramunlcate with Mr. Hutch-
inson, and 1 knijw 999outof every IIXXI active
bee-keepers on this side ' think he ought to
use quilts.' Moreover, they would give him
the most convlnclngargument men could pro-
duce by unanimously voting that they are the
best and most natural covering for frame
tops. The ease of manipulation with these
coverings Is an important point well worth
consideration. The pleasure In handling
frames thus wrapped up is one of the delights
of opening up a powerful colony, because
they lend themselves to a gentle, expeditious,
and effective examination of the contents of
a hive without unduly exposing or agitating
the bees."

While I personally would use noth-
ing but quilts, yet I am aware that a
large number of extensive apiarists
have no use for them. If for no other
reason I would use them because they
allow, as Mr. Macdonald points out, an
examination of the colony without un-
duly exposing or agitating them at
times when the weather is none too
warm.

My bees are all packed on the sum-
mer stands, and during the first week
in April I pushed the top packing for-
ward and lifted up the quilt at the
the back of the hive, and formed a
good idea as to the condition of every
colony in the yard. Not more than 2
hours were required to examine 100
colonies, and the majority of them
were hardly aware that they had been
molested. Had boards been on instead
of quilts, I would have hesitated to
open the hives so early in the season,
as when bees are agitated so early in
the spring there is great danger of
some colonies balling their queens.

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunstels, Tex.

Long- Distance Bee-Keeping- and
Swarming

With 10 bee-yards to look after all by
myself, with one horse and rig, I
have been having my hands full. The
mesquite-trees have surprised many of
us by coming into bloom just about 4
weeks ahead of time, and then they
opened up with such a rush that it re-
quired our attention at several yards
all at one time. Since my nearest api-
ary is only 10 miles from home, and
the farthest ISO miles, with the others
scattered very much, it means a good
deal of "humping" to get around.
But with short cuts and systematic
management I believe I am able to han-
dle from £00 to ijOO colonies, all by my-
self, except during the time of harvest-
ing the honey— taking it off the hives.

Swarming — how to control it — is one
of the much-discussed problems with

out-apiaries. By leaving shallow ex-
tracting supers on all the colonies all
the time to prevent crowding in the
brood-chamber, and keeping the bees
at work when there is something for
them to do, giving freer ventilation by
enlarging the entrances, and, if neces-
sary, breaking up the solid brood-nest
of sealed brood and providing laying
room for the queen, it has been possi-
ble to curtail swarming until the honey-
flow came on ; and this is all that is
necessary in our localities here in the
South. As soon as the honey-flow be-
gins, and the swarming fever does not
already exist in the colony, the bees
bend their whole energies toward stor-
ing honey, and swarming is entirely
forgotten, it seems. Then the thing
to do is to provide super-room and not
let the bees become crowded. In this
way I have kept down swarming to 2
percent for 7 years.

352

April 25, 1907

More Texas Honey-Bloom

I have been asked to continue giving
a list of Southern honey-plants, to-
gether with a description of each and
their blooming period each month, but
space forbids doing so in a satisfactory
manner. A list will be given, there-
fore, of the rest of our March and April
bloomers without the description, and
these, if desired, can be looked up in
some work on botany :

Populus moniliferu. Ait. Our common Cot.
tonwood or Necklace Poplar. Much pollen
and honey. Extends into west Texas.

Citrus trifuUata, L. Hardy orange. Culti-
vated. Planted for hedges. Not abundant.

l>pirea iiirginica, Britt. Bridal Wreath. Cul-
tivated. Not important.

Asparagus ojticinalis, L. Cultivated aspara-
gus. Bright colored pollen ; little honey.
Naturalized from Europe.

I'haceHa globra, Nutt. " Phacelia." Ranges
from Arkansas into eastern Texas.

J^icitais comniuyiis, L. Castor-oil plant.
Cultivated and escaped. Pollen and honey ;
nectar-glands at base of leaves.

Celtis 7nississippiefisis, Bosc, and C. ocriden-
talis, L. " Haeifberry '' trees are most exten-
sively planted for shade-trees. Valuable for
pollen and some honey.

Corutts aspenfolia, Mx. Dogwood ; extends
from Southern States into central Texas.
Bees fairly roar on the blossoms.

Luplnus subcarnosus^ Hook. Blue Lupine,
or Blue Bonnet, is our State flower in Texas,
and covers the ground with a blue mantel on
fertile slopes and open places in woodlands;
intermixed with L. tcxensis, not so plentiful.
Honey-yield fair; much pollen of bright red
and orange colors. Blooms into April.

Tisuni saliiiuin,h., cultivated garden pea ;
unimportant, but pollen sometimes.

Mnlus malus (L ), Britt. Apple, with fruit-
bloom. Blooms into April.

Jiohinla pseudacucla^ L. Black Locust;
ranges from Pennsylvania into Texas. Honey-
yield good if not hurt by cold weather, which
affects it easily.

Vercis canadensis, L. Red-bud or Judas-tree.
From Ontario to Texas; yields honey early,
and aids in brood-rearing. March into April.

Hex dicidua, Walt. Passinu Haw. Bear-
berry or Yonpon of the Southern States, into
west Texas. Short honey-yield ; sometimes
very early and valuable for stimulating early
brood-rearing. .V. caroliniaHa, Irel., Yonpon;
not so important.

Eyse7ihardlia amorphoides^ H. B. K., com-
monly called Eysenhardtia^or Rock Brush, of
southern and western Texas. Honey-yield
abundant and of good quality; blooms sev-
eral times during good seasons with much
rain. In March, April, and May, and some-
times in June, July, and August.

It is difBcult to give exactly the time
these plants bloom, as an early or a
late season influences plants very
much, so that any of these may, in
some years, bloom a month later, or
even earlier, than during the average
years.

American ^ee Journal

ing, and will lay more than double the
amount of eggs than the young, poorly-
reared queen — and the bees will persist
in superseding this old queen. So I
conclude it's not altogether the amount
of eggs a queen lays that causes her
supersedure, but more her age.

When any colony of bees in this
State (Texas) on Feb. 1st has as much
as a quart of good, healthy bees, and a
queen that fails to bring her colony up
to the swarming point by the middle of
April, provided they are not allowed to
run short of stores — you might as well
pinch that queen's head off now as
later, for such queens are not worth
keeping. Let me illustrate :

Last fall, when I reared my last
batch of queen-cells, I noticed that one
of the queens that hatched from this
lot of cells was small, and showed all
signs of being worthless ; but as I
needed her I concluded to use her any-
way until I could replace her with a
better one. So I put her and a full
sister (but well developed) each in a

Causeof Supersedure of Queens

There is something about bees super-
seding their queens that I have never
been fully able to understand. You
may take a poorly-reared queen — one
that will not keep more than 3 or 4
Langstroth frames filled with brood in
the height of the breeding season, and
so long as she is young the bees, as a
rule, will not offer to replace her with
a better one. Take this poor young
queen away, and introduce one that is
2 or 3 years old — one that her colony
has been trying to supersede but is lay-

small colony of bees as near the same
strength as I could tell, but both well
supplied with stores. To-day (April 6)
the large, well-developed queen has
brood in 13 Langstroth frames, and
the one with the small queen has
brood in only 4 frames. Neither has
had any help, only to give room as
needed.

Let me say, it pays, and pays dig;
too, to have good queens.

Rescue, Tex. L. B. Smith.

}'es, sir, it pays ! It is an unknown
quantity of honey that would have
been secured year after year if the
gueens were better looked after. Noth-
ing disgusts me more than to have col-
onies in the apiary that come up with
empty supers, while others are
"chucked full." And why ? Just be-
cause the queen below these supers was
not a good one. It makes a big differ-
ence whether the product from an aver-
age apiary is only 6000, or 10,000
pounds.

Mf n^sm

The

' Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Making Fences Carry the Sections.

Peter Bohm's scheme of making the
fences carry the sections, and so dis-
pense with the T-tins altogether, is
quite ingenious, at least. Whether a
great many will thoroughly like the
arrangement is another matter. Pos-
sibly some will find it difficult to get
the right kind of tacks. Possibly some
will find the tacks pull out too easily.
The old advice, "Try a few, and go
deeper if you like them," seems sage.
Page 147.

Non-Swarming Experiments.

Whoever can run a series of experi-
ments in non-swarming and /mve thetn
succeed is a public benefactor. Had a
senate of experts voted on the theory
propounded by E- W. Diefendorf, I
doubt if a majority would have made a
favorable forecast. But the results
reached by trying this " off-side " the-
ory are rather startling. First, in a
year when nearly all swarmed the 2
experimental colonies did not. Next
year — a year when more than half
swarmed — 24 experimental colonies
gave but 2 swarms. One of these
seemed not normal, but due to a quar-
rel over queen-cells that had to be built
on account of the death of the queen.
But sad was the result last year. Forty
colonies were experimented with ; not
one swarmed — all right so far — but
neither did the rest to any extent.
Doubtless Mr. D. will go on until he
makes assurance still more sure. Well,

the results already attained entitle the
theory to a respectful consideration.
It may be stated in this shape : One
great reason why colonies swarm is
that they overwork their queens. Re-
move that cause and they will swarm
less, or not at all. The theory seems
to have some power to account for
things. Old queen more easily over-
worked than one in her first prime —
hence, colonies with old queens swarm
worse.

Perhaps I can use its explanatory
power in my own case. I have many
rather weak colonies in spring. They
squeak along making little headway
for a long time. At last circumstances
get favorable — warm weather, lots of
pollen, some nectar (not enough to
turn their heads), and the bees, now no
longer weak, are most of them young.
The way they come forward when they
do get started once is a caution ; and
my, oh my, the swarms ! Long since
I came to suspect that this sudden for-
ward rush was somehow or other part
cause of the unusually swarmy record
of my yard. If I thought to look into
the why of it I stopped at saying, too
many nurse-bees with no larva; to feed.
I see that this else might be said : Be-
cause in this vehement rush queens
just then get awfully overworked. In
either case my first labor in the non-
swarming effort might profitably be to
winter my colonies better. Then they
would come forward more steadily, and
queens would stand it better. Between

April 25, 1907

American ^ae Journal

this and the other saying — that nurses
would be worried less carryinjf un-
called for larval food — there need be no
clash.

But we decidedly need to remember
that what proves the practise does not
necessarily prove the theory. Practise
may succeed from some other cause
not discovered. The practise is taking
away the lower half of a sectional
brood-chamber just at the proper time.
Taking away half the frames of an or-
dinary brood-chamber obviously might
not do so well. Perhaps even that
would be worth trying by those of us
who have no sectional hives. Page 197.

HoNBY AND Sugar for Consumptives.

Remarkable if consumptive patients
can take with profit 17'i: ounces of
sugar per day. As suggested, it's worth
trying if with honey they could not
take still more, or rather, more of them
take the large amounts. My additional
suggestion is that half sugar and half
honey may prove better than wholly of
either. Try just a little of some
strongly nitrogenous food, some milk,
and all the rest sugar and honey.
Should sugar and honey become the
standard treatment for consumptives
it would make quite a difference in the
honey market. The advertisement and
fame which honey would get would

count more than what the patients
would consume. I'm pretty well quali-
fied at this point to be an experimen-
ter myself. Have had for some 60
years a sort of chronic bronchitis —
mild, only manifest by a little abnor-
mal " ahemming," but always there.
Liable to change to the worse disease
some time, one might fear. And also
for years I have dosed myself heavily
with sweets. Have rung the changes
pretty thoroughly on honey, dates,
raisins, candy, and sugar. Simple
granulated sugar seemed to argue
itself into victory in the long run. But
just now I'm back on honey again —
mainly because the sugar I happen to
have does not please me as to flavor
and smell. There's a sort of " six o'
one, half a dozen o' tother " in the
shortcomings of honey and sugar,
medically considered. The naughty
sugar-men put in things invalids
would better net eat, to color and con-
dition their product. The naughty
bees mix in aphis secretions. Also the
naughty foundation-man puts in soap
in tastable quantities — doubtless a seri-
ous bar to the eating of large quanti-
ties when the appetite is skittish, as
invalid appetites are pretty sure to be.
'Pears like I could easily tell what
would be the best curative sweet for
invalid use — or, at least, for my use ;
but I will forbear to say. The dyna-
mite might go off. Page 20S.

Dur

'Bee -Keeping

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111

Shipping Extracted Honey

I shouldn't wonder if many of the
sisters were not better equipped than
myself to treat us to some interesting
chat connected with their actual experi-
ence in shipping and selling honey.
Formerly we used barrels and sold to
commission houses. The excessive
weight of a barrel of honey constitutes
one of the main objections to their use.
When it conies to the loading of a
barrel of honey two or more men are
in demand, even when the use of skids,
levers, etc., is taken into consideration.
If not hunting for a blacksmith bill one
must ever be on the alert as to the con-
dition of every part of the wagon which
is being pressed into service. Say you
cheerfully pay a blacksmith bill — pos-
sibly mostly due to actual carelessness
of others than yourself; after a wagon
or two have been broken down, the
handling of your barreled honey seems
to have grown decidedly iinpot>ular
among teamsters, they taking no cogni-
zance of the prior condition of said
dilapidated wagons.

It is barely possible the back-breaking

lifting has more to do with their dis-
inclination to take hold, than wagon-
breakage. Self-respect is a most meri-
torious attribute, but when it begins to
meddle with a man or woman in the way
of turning an honest penny to enable
them to maintain an existence, it seems,
in these days, not particularly in need
of encouragement.

In the days of the barrel we were
frequently forceil to resort to the sec-
ond-hand ones, and oh, the cleaning of
them! There was much scraping, scour-
ing, rinsing, and finally draining, to
clear them of excessive moisture; then
they must not get too dry for fear of
shrinkage; and just about the time they
were filled, pop I would go a hoop, and
the chances were extremely good for
having to change to another — a shame-
ful waste of honey and time. Did the
barrel stand the test until on the road,
we saw it depart with a certain degree
of apprehension as to the slipping and
bursting of hoops because of inferior
cooperage or second-hand material.
.\fter exercising every known caution
to secure safe transportation we con-
sidered it good hid; if permitted to con-

gratulate ourselves on the safe arrival
thereof.

Of course we have some trouble with
any kind of honey put up in any form,
unless we except that which is carried
on a straw-bedded spring-wagon to a
near destination, and handled alone by
the producer.

The dread of handling was not alone
responsible for my conversion to the
use of 6o-pound cans. Honey in barrel!
must be sold in a more wholesale way
than if in smaller packages, and it us-
ually landed in a commission house or
wholesale bakery establishment. One
commission firm held my honey, or
money, almost a year, leading me to
think that they would eventually get a
better price, and when the returns final-
ly came in, tlic selling price was the
same as could have been obtained on
its arrival — the wonder was that it was
not less. Other firms, to whom I sold
by sample, for a stated price, claimed,
after the honey was in their possession,
that it was not as good as the sample
and proposed to let the deal drop, un-
less I zvould take a reduced price.

Again, in my rambles around a cer-
tain city, I stumbled on some honey be-
ing offered for sale and represented as
coming from my yards, which in no way
resembled my honey, and I postively
failed to recognize it as anything I had
ever handled. No comb honey from my
yards had been placed on that market
that season, yet here were nice glass
cans filled with a clear liquid in which
floated a nice, tempting piece of comb
honey, all purporting to have been of
my production! Had I not been sat-
isfied that it was a glucose mixture, pos-
ing for e.xtracted honey, it would have
been a fine advertisement, but, as it
was, I saw that if I sustained the repu-
tation of my honey, I was compelled
to get as close to the consumer as pos-
sible. Thus ended my barrel experi-
ence, and of all the packages since tried
the 6o-pound can comes nearer filling
the bill than any other.

Gallon and half-gallon buckets are nice
for a home retail trade, but let them
be of the friction-top variety else there's
trouble ahead for one.

Time was when I imagined it econ-
omy to use second-hand cans, but this
illusion was short-lived, dying in its in-
ception. One trip over the roads was
all that was probably expected of them,
by their makers, and the damage sus-
tained by them on their initial trip runs
all the way from a slight rupture to al-
most complete destruction, they some-
times being so battered as to bear very
slight semblance to a can.

The crates are of light material and
should be bound by scrap sheet-iron,
or tin, at the corners, for most prob-
ably they will form the acquaintance of
the freight-smasher before they reach
the other end of the line, as their for-
lorn and battered appearance frequent-
ly tells the tale of a head-on collision
somewhere en route. Distance does not
always count, as we have had honey
packages damaged as badly in an 80-
mile transit, or perhaps more badly
damaged, than in an 800-mile trip.

Nor are tlie railroad men altogether
to blame, the condition of the cans and
crates figuring largely in such mishaps.

354

American Hee Journal

April 25, 1907

After being emptied of their contents
cans and crates tind storage-room in
some city back-yard, with the sky for
a roof, subject to the action of the ele-
ments aided by coal-dust and all other
kinds of dust and filth of our cities;
and granted that it does not affect the
inside of the can. it mars the outside,
and ever after the appearance of the
whole is not conducive to either safe
shipping or ready sales.

It might seem to some that an old,
decrepit, scarcelj--able-to-hold-together-
package should command the more tend-
er care, but the reverse is quite true.
The freight-handler regards it more or
less as worthless rubbish, and scorns its
owner, in his mind; while things which
appear to have had a friend at some
time of their existence, command great-
er respect. Perhaps it strikes him that
the man who has taken care as to the
make-up of his packages would also the
sooner make him trouble, on the discov-
ery of mishandling.

Arrived at market the buyer eyes them
suspiciously; reasons that' they have
come from some careless person or per-
sons who would, most probably, take
no more care of the inside and the con-
tents, and thus such packages go a-
begging, while bright, new cans, and
clean, not weather-beaten crates, move
off lively.

Many times second-hand cans have
not been properly cleaned, and the lime
consumed in that is of more value than
the difference of price between them and
new cans. Oh, yes, I am aware there
are plenty of people who have never
learned to put a value on time, but are
they found among live bee-keepers?

The injury sustained by exposure is
not always confined to the crate and out-
side of the can— it sometimes is found
inside, in shape of rust, than which
honey has no greater enemy. Bee-keep-
ers are careful to keep their wax from
contact with iron, and users of second
hand cans will soon learn it is of vast-
ly more importance to shield their honey
from iron rust.

New cans must frequently make a
visit to the tinshop before they will hold,
owing to punctures with nails in crating,
and places which have been slighted in
soldering. Old cans are as frequently
punctured, and more often fissures are
found caused from rust or having been
crushed.

Again, does it not seem passing
strange that bee-keepers will on the one
hand fight for protection in the way of
a foul-brood law, and on the other hand
will ship the germs of foul brood into
their apiaries in the second-hand can?
"Oh, consistency, thou art a jewel." All
the foul brood I have ever heard of in
Missouri was shipped in. Of what avail
are foul brood laws if we continue the
shipping in and use of cans which are
liable to carry the germs of this dread-
ed enemy ?

It is of no use to agree to pay so
much for the return of your cans, be-
cause you are certain of but one thing,
that is, the number you claim as yours ;
it never occurs to the sender, that sub-
stitution is the least objectionable to
you.

I wouldn't be surprised if the pure
food law should step in and serve to

sever that partnership between the bee-
keeper and second-hand cans. If honey
is found to be impure from contact
with deleterious matter, will that not
about settle the question?

We are almost frantic in our demand
for pure white and unsullied sections
for our comb honey; then we spend long
tiresome hours in another frantic en-
deavor to remove the last vestige of
stain in clean, new shipping-cases orna-
mented with paper lace to hide even the
edges of the sections; and turn right
around and put the same grade of honey,
minus the bees-wax, in begrimed and
otherwise repulsive looking cans. Is it
because of a superior respect for the
wonderful formation of the cells and
beautiful cappings? Even so, why should
we cultivate our taste to the extreme
in the case of comb honey, and insult
that very same inborn taste by sloven-
liness in connection -with extracted
honey ?

By unthinkingly or willfully placing
extracted honey in bad company do
we not give it a black eye, and injure
its reputation in more ways than in the
mere selling of the same? By our being
careless and less painstaking in the pre-
sentation of our extracted honey to the
market can we blame the public for
coming to the conclusion that bee-keep-

ers themselves prefer comb to extracted
honey ?

.Sisters, hrw would we rate a house-
keeper who in setting the table would
place either kind of honey in any but
a pretty, clean and attractive dish?
Were she to use a besmeared, untidy-
looking receptacle, amazement would get
the best of us, and we would shortly
conclude that she had certainly gone
daft.

Again as to canned goods in general,
what house-keeper will buy a can that
has the appearance of being anything
but fresh? Is a can in the least bulged,
battered, soiled or otherwise forbidding,
it is disdainfully left to rest on the
grocer's shelves. In fact, the dread of
ptomaine poisoning deters many from
using tinned goods of any sort. Water
in honey will set up a fermentation,
while honey in contact with rust will
as surely set up a putrefaction.

In conclusion perhaps it would be the
correct thing to assure the sisterhood
that I am in no way connected or in-
terested in any can manufactory or sup-
ply house. I simply offer that which
experience has taught me, and it is
scarcely necessary to add I have paid
well for the lessons.

Miami, Mo. M.\ry E. Null.

Government Aid to Apicul-
ture

BV PROF. A. J. COOK.

I do not think that any Government
in the entire Globe can compare at all
with our own, in the valuable aid that
is given to us by experts in the line
of valuable scientific research. Our De-
partment of Agriculture has a band
of trained men, eminent in every line
of scientific discovery, and these men
keep their ears to the ground and are
ever alert to come to the assistance of
the practical man, whatever may be the
difficulties that confront him. Our
splendid "Pure Food Law" which is des-
tined to be of such signal benefit, not
only to producers but to every one "that
eats and drinks would, no doubt,' have
been withheld much longer, but for the
grand work and influence of Secretary
Wilson and his able assistants. This is
only one of a long, and brilliant array
of services that we owe to this excellent
department of government work.

Foul Brood.

The bee-keepers of the country are
not left out in this round of benefit. We
who have had occasion to examine and
study this disease that attacks our pets
of the hives, know full well that there

are two well-marked forms of the dis-
ease that destroys the brood, and so is a
fatal obstacle to success. The one is
ropy, and as it strings out from the cell
when drawn by a pin or toothpick, flies
back with a snap, as it lets go the pin.
This, too, is very odorous, and is easily
detected by the smell. The other dif-
fers in both respects. The former is
more serious than the other, but both
are quite destructive, and much to be
dreaded. The Department of Agricul-
ture has solved the riddle, and has
shown that there are two distinct dis-
eases, caused by two specific germs.
The first one named above, is the old,
best known foul brood, and it is called
"American Foul Broods" while the other,
often called "black brood" in the United
States, and in New York, where it has
prevailed, perhaps more generally than
elsewhere, is now dominated "European
Foul Brood." This is the one described
in Europe some years ago, and is caused
by the well-known Bacillus alvci. The
other is our better-known form in most
of the States of the Union, is more
virulent, more pertinacious, and is
caused by another micro-organism.
Bacillus larvae. It is fortunate that
both forms of disease succumb to the
same treatment.

Tre.\ting Foul Brood.
There is no doubt but that this dis-

April 25, 1907

American Hae Journal I

3j5

ease can be quickly banished fruni any
apiary, by Ihe well-known method, so
long and successfully employed in
Canada and many of the States. This
is to change the bees from the old hive
into new, clean hives with no honey,
and to be sure that the honey tliat they
carry from the old hive is all cnnsumed
before they have place to store it. There
are two cautions that must ever be ob-
served in all such work. If we shake
the bees we must never scatter any
honey, as it may carry the disease to
other bees that sip up this sweet from
ground or grass. We must also be
equally cautious that no robber-bees
gain access to the hive of the diseased
bees, as the honey that they pilfer and
carry off will very likely carry the dis-
ease-germs and so spread the disease.
It is probably in these two ways that
bees become attacked. By use of the
bee-tent and a good sheet of canvas
we may steer clear of spreading the
mischief in manipulating bees that have
the disease. Of course it is always best
to work with the bees when they are
actively engaged in gathering. At such
times they are not likely to rob, and
they are less likely to get any honey
that, perchance, may be scattered about
the bee-yard.

Pear-Blight.

I have before called attention to the
fact that this disease is doing great
harm in some parts of our State. As
the pear industry was very remunerative
in some sections, and as the fruit was
very superior, and was produced in great
quantities, this evil is very disturbing.
The disease has, as I am "told, entirely
wiped out pear-culture in the rich
County of Fresno. It has now threat-
ened the same disaster in Tulare, Sac-
ramento and Yolo Counties, and in many
other sections of the more northern
parts of the State. It is found that it
does not need the bees, as it spreads
where bees are rare as well as where
they are numerous. I have called at-
tention before to the fact that very few
insects were sufficient to carry this dis-
ease, or to inoculate the trees, and so it
would spread perhaps as fast were there
no bees at all in the orchard. This
statement is sustained, if I am rightly
mfornied, by the actual experience of
the pear-growers in the State.

The remedy that is found most ef-
fective so far is to practice very se-
vere pruning with sterilized knives, cut-
ting away every twig or branch as soon
as any sign of the blight is seen. Of
course, in all such cases it is well to
burn the prunings as soon as possible.
It is believed that the germs must be
conveyed in a fluid, and so that the
germs must generally be carried from
tree in either nectar or in the bee-glue.
In this last case bees, either wild or
the honey-bee. may sow the seeds of
the mischief. It is true that many wild
bees do not gather the propolis or bee-
glue, which the bees get in almost all
cases from the buds of plants.

Acacias.

As is well known we get our beauti-
ful Acacias from Australia. There are
many species, as they run up into the
hundreds. Thev interest us much, as

they are very beautiful, both as to blooiti
and foliage — yes, and habit as well,
and the wealth of yellow is wonderful
to behold. One of the trees is peculiar-
ly admirable; it is Acacia baileyanu.
Ihe bloom and the foliage are alike at-
tractive. 1 know of no more beautiful
tree anywhere But what interests us
most, is the fact that the bees are very
partial to these trees. I have noticed
the bees thick on the bloom, and also
visiting extra - floral glands as well.
These are good for stimulative feeding
as they come in February, and so will
stimulate the bees to breed rapidly, and
so the hives will be replete with bees
as the orange-trees fling out their bloom
and perfume a little later. We may well
plant many of these Acacias. We are
doing so in Clareraont.
Claremont, Calif., March 14.

Bees Robbing in tlie Spring

BY C. M. DOOLITTLE.

A correspondent writes thus : "Will
you please tell through the columns of
the American Bee Journal, something
about bees robbing colonies in the
spring, how we can tell when colonies
are being robbed, and what can be
done to prevent it? I had nearly one-
fourth of my colonies robbed out last
spring in spite of all I could do."

After setting the bees from the cellar
it sometimes happens, especially if the
weather is very warm, that the first set
out will commence to rob or carry off
the stores of those set out last, which
are so busy with their cleansing flight
that they do not seem to notice the rob-
bers. Robbing is not always confined
to such colonies, but all weak colonies,
whether wintAcd in the cellar or other-
wise, and especially queenless colonies,
are subject to attack in early spring, and
I know of no one thing more vexa-
tious to the apiarist than robbing. But
how are we to tell when a colony is
being robbed? is the question nearly al-
ways asked by the novice, and the an-
swering of that question has often puz-
zled the bee-keeper of several years' ex-
perience, when he has almost been ready
to decide that a colony from which the
bees are seen running out and in with
much commotion at the entrance, are
robbing or being robbed, while later on
he was obliged to admit that what he
saw was nothing more than the colony
having a general play-spell.

While to the experienced eye, robber-
bees are generally quite easily distin-
guished, yet those just starting in bee-
keeping are often perplexed to know
whether the bees are being robbed or
not, as young bees at play often resem-
ble robbers. Robber-bees are generally
so filled with honey that they are con-
spicuous for their size when leaving the
hive ; but a young bee taking its first
flight is often just as conspicuous from
the load of excrement it is anxious to
void. Robber-bees often run up the
sides of the hive or a long way out on
the alighting-board before taking wing,
and a young bee when taking its first
flight, more often than otherwise, does
the same thing.

Robber-bees turn with the head to-
ward the entrance of the hive when
taking wing, so as to mark where to
come back for another load of honey,
and the yoiuig bee on its first flight al-
ways turns tlms with its head toward
the entranci- so as to mark its location,
so it may always thereafter know just
where home is. Thus we find robber-
bees, and young bees on their first flight
or play-spell, acting almost exactly
alike. But if we look closely we shall
see that these young bees are much
lighter-colored than are the robber-
bees, very many of which are dark and
often shiny by having the fine hairs on
the back of the abdomen all scraped
or worn off by their inany encounters
in trying to enter other hives.

However, 1 know of but one .sure way
for inexperienced persons to tell when
a colony of bees are being robbed, and
that is by killing two or three of the
mistrusted bees and dissecting them so
as to expose the honey-sac. If this sac
is empty there is nothing wrong, but
if you find a bee leaving a hive with
its sac full of honey, rest assured that
robbing is going on, for bees in a nor-
mal condition should always be convey-
ing honey to the hive, not from it.

Then another way of telling is to keep
the entrance of any hive suspected of
being robbed closed so that only a few
bees can go in and out at a time, so
that if robbing is going on, no large
amount can be carried off in 4 or 5
hours ; then look after such hives to-
ward sunset, and if the cominotion is
still kept up about the entrance of these
hives while the bees have quite generally
settled down to where there are only a
few flying, you can rest assured that
such hives as have bees rushing in and
out of the entrance thus late in the day,
while the most of the rest of the colo-
nies are becoming quiet, are being
robbed, or are robbing other colonies.
It is now quite easy to tell whether they
are robbing or being robbed, for if rob-
bing, as the air begins to get cool and
heavy, the loaded bees will drop short
of the entrance ; while the hive that is
being robbed will show many bees that
are unable to take wing with their
heavy loads oii first trials.

Having found out that any colony is
being robbed, what is to be done to
save such a colony? This question has
received very many answers which I
will not attempt to give here. If you
mistrust that only one or two colonies
are at the work of robbing, sprinkle a
little flour on the robber-bees as they
go out from the colony being robbed
with their loads of honey, having an as-
sistant stand at the hives you suspect
are doing the robbing, and if the return-
ing bees are covered with flour, you are
positively sure that you have found at
least one of the colonies which is do-
ing the stealing. If more than one is at
work at this robbing, mark the strong-
est one, and as soon as darkness has-
stopped the flying of all bees, carry the
colony that was being robbed and put
it on the stand of the marked strong
colony, and put this strong colony on
the stand just occupied by the colony
which was being robbed. Do this in the
evening as soon as the bees stop flying.
Don't allow yourself to think that yoii

April 25, 1907

American Hee Journal

can do it in the morning just as well.
for it often happens that the bees are
out and at their work of stealing at the
first signs of day, before you are up.
Where it is so an exchange can thus be
made, it is generally the means of stop-
ping the whole trouble.

It is often very laughable to see the
look of disgust that comes on the rob-
ber-bee after he has sallied out the next
morning, leaving his hive without not-
ing that it is not where it was, and
then hurrying back into it with an air of
"I'll soon be home with a load," only
to find that she has gone back to the
"wrong" hive; then come out again, look
the whole situation over, and finally go
and make her home with the colony she
had been robbing all of the day before,
because it is now where her old home
was. Then where more than one hive
had been doing the robbing,' and a rob-
ber from the other hive comes after a
load, she is seized so quickly by this
strong colony that she shows a feeling
of "good luck" when she gets away and
returns home, satisfied not to try the
thing again.

But it is not always that we are so
fortunate as to find that only one colony
is being robbed, for it is often our neigh-
bors' bees that are concerned in this
work, or we have a general mix-up of
many colonies in the apiary. Where
this is the case I know of no better way
than, at nightfall, to carry the robbed
colonv or colonies into the cellar, and

leave them there for a few days till
pollen becomes plenty, or the bees main-
ly forget about this stealing affair, when,
near sunset of some nice day they are
to be set back on their own stand again,
examined as to their strength in bees
and stores, adjusting the entrance to suit
the size of the colony, and reducing
their stores by taking away combs of the
same till they have only what you think
they can reasonably protect, and shut-
ting them on the combs you have al-
lowed them by means of a dummy. In
this way any colony that is of any value
(alone) can be saved, and if too small
as to numbers of bees to hold its own.
then it should be united with another
colony, doing this at this time, so that
the bees when they have their flight the
next day may mark their location anew,
as they will always do after being ,1
week in the cellar.

In closing, allow me to say that if
we are careful to adjust the entrances to
suit the size of all colonies just after
their first flight in the spring, and take
away all surplus of stores from all colo-
nies which are few in bees, shutting
them on the combs left, as I have above
advised, we shall have very little trou-
ble with robbing. Here, as elsewhere,
in bee-keeping, "an ounce of prevention
is worth a pound of cure." I especially
recommend this prevention part to the
correspondent, and all others who are
not entirely familiar with this part of
bee-keeping.

vised keeping the bees contented in the
early spring by cooling them. He also
advised spring manipulation to begin
about April 20. He then spoke upon his
methods of rearing queens.

A. H. EsTABROOK, Sec.

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held in San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

Report of the Worcester (Mass.)
County Bee-Keepers' Con-
vention

The March meeting of the Worcest-
er County Bee-Keepers' Association was
held at Horticultural Hall, in Worcest-
€r, on March 9, at 2 p. m. Dr. James
P. Porter, of Clark University, gave an
illustrated lecture on "The Bee: Its
Nervous System and Sense Organs;
Its Origin and Life." He spoke of the
evolution of the bee from the solitary
bee, through the one that lays its eggs
and stays with the young till the eggs
are hatched. The next advance is in a
bee that makes provision in its under-
ground nest for the draining off of mois-
ture. The next higher in the group is
that where the male and female pass
the winter together in the same nest.
The bumble-bee has irregular structure
in the cells of its honey-comb, and then
gradations up to the nest of the honey-
bee in w'hich every cell is regular, and
there is a distinctness of order, care,
and regularity about the hive. Division
of labor in the hive now becomes pro-
minent and necessary, not for the in-
dividual life and rights of the bee, but
for the general benefit of the hive and

the generations to come; and at this
stage the hive has become somewhat of
a machine.

Dr. Porter then went into the details
of the nervous system, illustrating here
especially with lantern slides, and com-
paring the large brain of the worker
with its many duties; the medium one of
the queen with the mere machine and
purely animal function of egg-laying ;
while the drone with a very small brain,
as after the fertilization of the queen
the drone has nothing to do but die.

The next speaker was Mr. H. F.
Cary, who spoke on wintering and
spring increase of bees. He said that
the optimum temperature for wintering
in the cellar is 45 degrees, with a stove-
pipe for ventilation, but not large enough
to cause a draft into the hive. He ad-
vised an entrance to the hive % of an
inch by 3 inches. Comparing those
wintered inside witli those left outside
and carefully packed, he stated that
those wintered in the house seemed to
start in with more vigor than those left
out. and got their brood started first;
but he finds that on comparing them
June 1st. that those left outside are
stronger, and working better than the
others. When wintering inside he ad-

(Continued from page 336 )

Pres. Dadant — We will now have the
paper by Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Wash-
ington, D. C, on

WHAT SCIENCE CAN DO FOR
BEE-KEEPINQ

Science is classified knowledge. In
Apiculture observations can be made in
infinite number, but until the facts dis-
covered are systemized and classified
very little advance can be made, and
only with this classification does apicul-
ture become an exact science.

By the majority of people science
is looked on as something entirely apart
from the practical. By most people a
scientist is supposed to be a man who
works on subjects which are of no
practical use whatever. The criticism
is heard on all sides that "book farm-
ing" is a failure, and that scientific men
who attempt to write on practical in-
dustries do not know what they are
talking about. In the first place we may
as well admit that there is entirely too
much truth in such criticism, but the
fault lies not with science but with the
men. Unless a scientist is willing and
.mxious to listen to what the practical
man has to say, he can hardly expect
10 arrive at proper conclusions.

On the other hand, it is, to my mind,
,1 serious mistake for the practical man
to disregard what the scientist has to
-^ay. Scientific training fits a man to
'put two and two together" and arrive
at a conclusion. When a host of ob-
servations are made, not every one is
qualified to study them and get at the
bottom of the subject.

But for the fear of misunderstanding,
let us confine ourselves to Apiculture,
and see who are the scientists in that
work.

In Apiculture the scientist is general-
ly looked on as one who studies the
anatomy of the bee, the effects of color
on flight, or similar subjects of no prac-
tical importance. This is entirely and
unqualifiedly an error. The man who
analyzes the results of different methods
of wintering, or the different ways of
producing comb honey, is engaged in
scientific work just as much as the man
who works on anatomy, although he
may not realize it.

Assuming then that scientific work is
nothing but the systematizing of numer-
ous observations, there can be no doubt
in the mind of any one that Apiculture
is sorely in need of more such work.

It must be admitted, however, that in
speaking of scientific work in Apicul-
ture the more or less theoretical prob-
lems are generally the ones to which re-
ference is made. I shall, therefore, not
speak so much of the need of scientific

April 25, 1907

357

Aiii(>rican Hee Journal

methods on problems conceded to be
practical, as to discuss the practical im-
port of questions now considered as
merely theoretical by most bee-keepers.

At the Chicago meeting of this Asso-
ciation, I spoke at some length of the
need of better bees. Here is one place
where science can work untold wonders
for Apiculture. Of recent years breed-
ing has become a subject of very general
discussion, and much scientific work has
been done on variation and heredity, the
ground-work of breeding. By contin-
ually selecting first-class breeding ma-
terial a bee-keeper may improve his
stock until he really has a superior line
of bees. He cannot expect, however, to
make progress which will be lasting un-
less he knows something about the
hereditary transmission of characters,
and the variations according to the laws
of chance of all characters. The only
way for a bee-keeper to become a breed-
er is by studying scientific works, and
doing some work himself, and I regret
to say that very few of our queen-rear-
ers are doing this. Breeders in other
lines of work are studying and working
on these problems, and their results
can be read by breeders of queens. Here
science can help Apiculture.

As an example of what science can
do for bee-keeping, take the work on
bee-diseases. We know the causes of
our two worst bee-diseases, and by com-
parisons (scientific method) we know
what to do to destroy disease. Without
scientific work on this subject the prac-
tical bee-keeper would be absolutely ig-
norant as to the nature of the different
diseases, and cures would be mere ac-
cidents. As an example of the inef-
fectiveness of efforts of practical men in
the face of a lack of scientific investiga-
tion we have only to cite the discus-
sions of bee-paralysis, as it is called. A
number of practical men, thoroughly
competent from a practical standpoint,
have undertaken to write on paralysijL,
and several cures have been advocated
for this particular disease. No one can
doubt, however, that we are still in ig-
norance of a universal cure and I am
inclined to the opinion that we will re-
main in this state until the cause of the
disease is determined by some one
thoroughly trained in methods of scien-
tific observation. In his book, "Bees
and Bee-Keeping," Cheshire mentions a
bacterium, Bacillus gaytom, which he
says causes the workers to become
shiny; but this is no proof that Bacillus
gaytoni causes paralysis.

Bee-Keeping would be benefited by
work in various branches of science.
Take, for example, work in chemistry.
Those who have had anything to do
with having samples of honey analyzed
cannot fail to conclude that the work
that has been done so far is entirely un-
satisfactory, and that there is great need
of better methods of honey analysis.
The polariscope method is not reliable
enough so that adulteration can be
determined with certainty, because
honeys from o different sources differ
so greatly in their polarization. The
same condition is true to almost as great
an extent, of wax-analysis.

While the bee-keeper must depend
largely upon natural forage, the fact

still remains that the industry would
be greatly benefited by a careful study
of honey-producing floras. We need to
know the exact climatic and soil con-
ditions necessary to the growth of all
uur honey-plants so that they produce
nectar, for with such knowledge we
would be able to make plantings of
value. The exact geographical distribu-
tion of the honey-producing plants, and
the marking out of the areas in which
given plants secrete nectar, would help
greatly.

The bee-keeper would be greatly bene-
fited by better information as to the
function of the bee in fertilizing flowers.
,\t present it often happens that there
are times when bees are looked on as
very detrimental, but if the apiarist has
an array of actual facts to present in
place of the generalities now indulged
in by the journals, it would have more
weight with municipalities which try to
banish bees, and in similar cases.

And now as to scientific work on the
bees themselves ; Those present may
remember the bootless discussion in the
bee-journals some time back as to
whether bees pack pollen into cells with
their heads. In the face of such dis-
cussions the question might well be
asked why some one did not look. It
was argued that the head of the bee
is hard, and that it could pack pollen
if it wished to; but the writers were
content to argue, and not investigate,
reminding one very forcibly of the aca-
demic discussions of the middle ages.

Properly constructed observation hives
are of some value in such a case. For-
tunately or otherwise, we have a few
writers for apicultural papers who feel
fully competent to cope with any sub-
ject connected with bees, but just how
much weight w'C may give to their ex-
pressed opinions can be determined only
when we find out how much observa-
tion they have made. Random discus-
sions based on compilation of obsolete
work are of meager value.

There are numerous facts concerning
the habits of bees inside the hive which
are highly important from a purely
practical standpoint, which can be de-
termined only by scientific observation.
In spite of the fact that the bee-keepers
have for years made observations con-
cerning the swarming of bees, we still
do not know just what it is that causes
a swarm to issue. This is of paramount
importance. Possibly some of these
problems will forever foil the investi-
gator, but it does not pay to be pessi-
mistic.

We know that under certain condi-
tions queen-cells are started, and we al-
so know that there are some conditions
under which the workers feed the royal
larvae better than others. By the use of
the swarm-box we are able to produce
these conditions of superior feeding so
that the larva; are fed as well as dur-
ing preparation for swarming, but we
still do not know why it is that this con-
finement produces the effect of the
"swarming fever." If we could but
analyze the swarming impulse we would,
beyond all doubt, be able to devise vast-
ly superior methods of queen-rearing.
It need scarcely be pointed out, also,
that a knowledge of swarming would
enable us to devise methods to prevent

that bane to the bee-keeper, and this
would benefit many more betvkeepers
than better methods of queen-rearing.

We need also but mention the desir-
ability of knowing the methods used
by bees in storing surplus honey. This
is important. If honey is first deposited
in the brood-chamber and then carried
to the surplus chamber, then it is impor-
tant that care be exercised in feeding
sugar syrup, for under such circum-
stances any sugar syrup left from the
feeding for winter or spring stimulation

ould possibly reach the super, and the
bee-keeper be open to the charge of
adulteration. If such is not the case
sugar-feeding before supers are put on
is justifiable; but this can be determined
only by scientific investigation. The
care of larvae is an unknown factor in
bee-life, as well as many other points
which may have an exceedingly import-
ant bearing on practical work.

As far as the hearing of bees is con-
cerned, we may be safe in saying that
it matters little to the bee-keeper wheth-
er bees hear or not, but, still, almost
every bee-man wants to know. No or-
gan of hearing has yet been discovered,
and the evidence that bees hear is ex-
tremely meager. In spite of this fact
the majority of persons familiar with
bees believe that bees do hear. The
arguments generally advanced as proof
of this are absolutely valueless, and we
await impatiently a scientific investiga-
tion.

Not only will Apiculture be benefited
by new scientific work on subjects re-
lating directly to bees, but comparisons
with results obtained in other fields will
yield results of great value. Bee-keep-
ing is not a science entirely apart from
all others, but is most intimately con-
nected with many sciences. For exam-
ple, if we look at bee-keeping from the
standpoint of breeding it becomes evi-
dent that it is not necessary that all the
principles of bee-breeding be worked
out on bees. From multitudes of results
in such work it is evident that a few
underlying principles are concerned in
the improvement of a species, race, or
variety, by selection ; it matters not in
the least to the bee-breeder whether
these principles are discovered by work
on bees. There are already scores and
hundreds of papers detailing the meth-
ods used by the breeders of other spec-
ies, and these papers await the persons
who are to take up the one great prob-
lem of Apiculture. Improved appliances
and manipulations are valuable, but
their importance becomes infinitesimal
when considered with the improvement
of the bees themselves. The problem
is so great that it is not to be wondered
that it has not been undertaken syste-
matically, but the day will come when
it is begun, and then the results of other
scientific breeders will be of inestimable
value.

The second great problem which con-
fronts American bee-keepers is the dis-
eases to which bee-flesh is heir. Per-
haps no one factor is so great a draw-
back to advance in Apiculture. The
two virulent diseases of the brood are
spreading through the States of the
Union at a rate which is truly appalling,
and heroic measures are necessary. I
do not wish to become an alarmist, but

358

April 25, 1907

American ^ee Journal

during the past year I have traveled
several thousand miles studying condi-
tions of diseases and the rapidity of their
spread, and I cannot refrain from say-
ing that conditions are serious. The
scientific work which has already been
done on the subject is of very great
value. We know that these two diseas-
es— European foul brood and American
foul brood — are of bacterial origin, and
we know from scientific work on other
bacteria that certain methods of treat-
ment are necessary. The result is that
with this work we now have reliable
methods of treatment.

The control of diseases of animals
and plants by inspection methods has
been the object of a great deal of
thought on the part of very competent
men, and inspection is really a science.
Horticultural and veterinarian inspec-
tion methods are well worth study by
those interested in the extermination or
control of brood-diseases, and for this
purpose there will be a meeting of bee-
disease inspectors in this city next Mon-
day. How much good will result from
such a meeting remains to be seen, but
it is certainly a worthy object. Bee-
keeping must be up-to-date in its meth-
ods of disease control, and to accom-
plish the maximum good our inspectors
must work in the greatest harmony.

In addition to the direct good result-
ing from scientific work, great good re-
sults from the publication of scientific
results in the stimulating effect which
such work has on practical methods and
discussions. As an example of this I
need only refer once more to the work
on bee-diseases. The recent work on
this subject has given us a better in-
sight into the causes of the two forms
of foul brood, yet it must be confessed
that these results are of minor value,
since methods of control are not changed
in the least. In spite of this the an-
nouncement of results and public dis-
cussions have stimulated the persons in-
terested in disease work, and we novif
are, in a better position to take up the
practical question of ridding ourselves of
these plagues.

Over and above all this, scientific work
makes better bee-keepers, in that the
more a man knows about bees the better
bee-keeper he is, and the better man he
is. We must not lose sight of the fact
that a bee-keeper has some mission in
life besides honey-production or queen-
rearing, and increased knowledge adds
infinitely to the pleasure of living. To
add to the sum of human knowledge
and to interest others in some new line
of thought is fully as commendable as
the production of something to tickle the
palate. Let us, therefore, hail with de-
light any advance in our knowledge of
bees. E. F. Philups.

(Continued next week.)

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all ttie copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

sss^.

locfor
[uesfi0nJ9)c

Send yuestions either to the otliee of the American bee .Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.

1^°° Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Clipped aueens-Swarming-Yellow-
est Bees

1. I bought a queen last year and her
wings were clipped. This spring they
seemed to be grown out. Will they
grow out, or was it a young queen?

2. Will bees swarm before any young
queen is hatched?

3. Which strain of bees is most golden
yellow? Subscriber.

Answers. — i. No, a wing that is
clipped never grows out again. One ad-
vantage of having a queen clipped, is
that, as in the present case, you can tell
when a young queen has taken her place.

2. A first swarm issues about 8 days
before the first queen emerges. When
an after-swarm issues, a young queen
has already emerged, ready to go with
the swarm, while one or more young
queens still remain in the cell.

3. Probably Italians ; although it may
be that some Carniolans are equally yel-
low.

Management for Chunk Honey

I have a few colonies of bees that I
wish to run for chunk honey ; i. e., use
extracting frames and supers and cut
the comb honey out instead of extract-
ing. Will it be necessary for me to use
queen-excluders if I use full sheets of
comb foundation in my frames?

Ohio.

Answer. — That depends. With a
small brood-chamber the queen is likely
to go up ; with a large brood-chamber
she is not likely to trouble much in
that way. In any case she is less likely
to go up into an apartment filled with
foundation than into one filled with old
combs.

Management to Prevent Swarming—
Transferring

1. I would like to put 2 old colonies
of bees on one stand with space between
for one young colony. Now, if I should
take the 2 old colonies with old queens
away to another stand a distance of 4
rods', will the field-force of worker-
bees unite with the young queen left on
the old stand, and work, or will thev
loaf?

2. Will this plan keep the old colonies
from swarming?

3. When the old colonies are heavy
with bees, by bringing them back to the

old stand will it do to use the same plan
again with another young colony?

4. Can I transfer a colony of bees by
waiting until they swarm and putting
the young swarm close beside the old
colony, and then setting the old colony
on the opposite side of the young col-
ony every 6 or 7 days until the old
colony is run out? or will the bees stay
with the old colony when moved such a
short distance? Michigan.

Answers. — They will unite and work.

2. Yes, at least for a time ; but when
they get strong enough they will be like-
ly, if undisturbed, to swarm later.

3. Yes, if you remove the 2 colonies
to a new place at any time, you may
count on the field-force uniting with any
colony left in their place.

4. It will probably not work as well as
you expect. Each time you make the
proposed change you will throw the
field-force from the old hive to the new
one; but at the same time you are likely
to throw some of the field-force of the
new hive into the old one. It will work
better when making the second shift to
set the old hive on top of the new one.
But either plan will work fairly well,
and 21 days after the issuing of the
swarm you can drive out, or shake out,
all the bees from the old hive and add
them to the swarm.

Saving Bees from Sprav-Poison-
Honey Adulteration Super-
seding Old Queens

1. How can I best save my bees from
being poisoned? I have an apple or-
chard of 30 acres. I spray for codling-
moth as the blossoms are about to close
and fall. I use arsenate of lead. Would
you advise feeding for a few days with
sugar syrup?

2. Will the pure-food laws prevent to
a great extent the adulteration of honey
with glucose?

3. Will a good colony supersede its
worn-out queen, or is it not best to in-
troduce a new queen at least every 3
years? Oregon.

Answers.— I. Feeding with syrup
would probably have little effect, for the
bees prefer the blossoms. The easy way
out is not to spray till the blossoms have
fallen. That's the wiser course, any-
how, even if there were no bees in the
case. The best authorities will tell you
that it is an injury to the blossoms to
spray while the stamens and pistils are
still active. Neither is it at all neces-

April 25, 1907

- -^ 1— fSBr i - U I * : • J« i C!ai"» 359

American ^ae Journal!

sary for the earlier portion of the blos-
soms. The codling-moth doesn't do any
work on the blossoms, nor for some time
after tlie blossom has fallen, depositing
its eggs in the calyx end of the yoimg
fruit after the fruit is large enough for
that purpose. No, don't spray fruit
while in bloom.

2. Undoubtedly, if faithfully carried
out.

3. Opinions are divided. It is possible
that locality may have something to do
in the case, as it has in so many other
cases. In this locality it is as well to
leave tlie matter to the bees generally,
althougli it pays any time to supplant a
poor queen with a good one, even if the
poor one is only a month old.

Dividing Colonies for the Buckwheat
Flow

I commenced bee-keeping five years
ago, and through ignorance lost all but
2 colonies in the spring of 1905. I had
ID colonies last fall; lost one the past
winter. I now have 9 of as strong,
healthy colonies as I ever saw. They
are literally running over with bees and
have been busy bringing in pollen the
last 2 days, which is remarkable for this
latitude. We get our surplus from buck-
wheat August I to 20. When should I
divide so as to have strong colonies foi
the buckwheat flow? Pennsylv.\nia.

Answer. — A phenomenally warm spell
was on about the time of your writing,
and if that had continued straight along,
swarming and dividing would have come
unusually early. But as it is, quite likely
matters may be little if any earlier than
usual. A very strong colony might be
divided in fruit-bloom, but the general-
ity will probably as well wait till the be-
ginning of clover.

Removing Bees from Dwelling—
Re-queening

1. I have 2 colonies of bees to take
out of 2 different houses (dwellings).
When is the best time to take them out,
and what is the best way?

2. I wish to put a new queen with one

how should I
do this? Illinois.

Answers. — i. During fruit-bloom is a
good time. Places are so different that
one can tell the very best way only by
seeing the place. In general, you can
cut away enough of the wall to expose
the combs, cut out the combs, fasten
enough of them into frames to give the
bees a good lodging-place, as you would
in transferring, of course using smoke
as needed, get all the bees into the hive,
and unless you are going to take them
a mile or more away it will be well to
shut them in a dark cellar for 3 or 4
days so they will not get to the old place
when they fly out.

2. You are not likely to be able to get
a young queen before about the first of
June, and printed instructions for intro-
ducing always come with the queen. If
you want to pay the extra price for a
tested queen, a good time to get it will
be in fruit-bloom.

Standard-Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Iired Cau-
casian, Carnioliiii, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and I,eather Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-KutterB. Untested Queens, *1 ;
0, ?.=>; 12, ?». Select untested, $1,25; 6, *;0; 12,
$10. Tested, ^L.'iO; select. t2 fill: best, )?5. List
free. T. S. HAIjIa

llDSt .lASPEK, Pickens Co., G A.

UcBtloB Be« Joomal vrhca vrrltlUB.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Select Uniestird aneeas, 5^1; 6, $5; 12, $0,
Tested, $1.50; 6, }8. Best Breeders, $3 SO. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RA'LS. Orange, Cal.

ODlSt Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell Root's G '>ods in Michiqan

Let ns quote you prices oa Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save jou time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

OiniPl6X D66"nlV6 cheapestrmost' du-
rable, perfect, efficient implement. Constructed
without boards. Any one 'an manufacture it.
License of U. S. Patent e^^ntt-d. Add'-'ss,
17A6t P. O. BOX 332. Colton,Callf.

Blentlon Bee Journal when vrTltlns.

Weil-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Crook's Select-
Bred <tiieeiis — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook's Square Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

ro Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. T.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrben irrlttac*

Lan^strothonthe
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
it with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending- us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE=" BOOKS aeSr;fe°VV^Vork&Co.
3.11 Dearborn t>t., Chicago, 111.

Ailvnncoil Bee-Cultnre. Its Methods
and Maiiutcoment, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
—The autlior of this work is a prac-
tical .and helpful writer. You should
read his hook; 330 pages; bound In
cloth, and beautifully Illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Cultare, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
ilally for beginners. Bound In cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Splentlflc Qncen-Bearingr, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared In perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illu.strated. Price. $1.00; In leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper'n Galde, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
onlv instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I^angHtroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
Xo apiarian library is complete ■nMthout
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth — the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey as a Health Food. — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for hone5^
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
SO copies tor 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Among: the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 32S
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Tear Among
tlie Bees," but that little work has been
nut of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

"The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet. 5?ixS% inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb lioney misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupying
a full page, but in different parts of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely. "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom," "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
ject is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

April 25, 1907

American ^cc Journal

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Clueeiis

The Famous
Honey-
Prodncers
I am booking orders now for April, May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens— equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices:

Tested Queens $1.00 each ; ?10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

BIG STOCK

DOVETAILED HIVES,

Sections, etc I sell Marsheeld Mfg. Co.'s and
Root's SUPPLIES at factory prices. « frame,
«-story, $1 35; 10frame,$l SO; Nc. 1 Sections,
$4- No 2, $3 50. Send for 48pjge price-list if
you haven't one. With an order amounting to
$15 cr over I give 7 percent discount till May 10.
S. D. BUELL, Union City, Mich.
16A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Caruiolans! Italians!

FOR SALE

^ No disease. 2-conab Nucleus, with Queen,
$3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.

12At{ Please mention the Bee Journal.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

g We will Buy and ^
I Sell I

iHONEli

m ^

S88t of the different grades and kinds, ^g

^w If you have any to dispose of, or if k|»

^W you intend to buy, correspond ^g

^1 with us. ^3

gSS We are always in, the market ^S

I Beeswax |

^u at highest market prices.

^ Hildreth & Segelken

^i 265 & 267 Greenwich Street

^ NEW YORK, N.Y.

Mention Bee Jonmal irkcn wrtttns.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf

OSWESO. ILL.

R.D. 1.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

Tears ago but°t wis not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and a,l
rfghts^fromMrMuench-s widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCBIPTION^The Ideal Hive-Tool is -ale of h^^^j'^'-^-'e -,-"¥l?e''sj;2!le?e"n"d^i'm i^cS^f 'long?"«
hH incbes Iodk. The middle part is 1 j ; ' Ji '""^^? JJ''\?u"° ,' -'"er end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
L';?c''ura'r''ld|2:',^a='^ii'g'ifal1So';?^pi'rrec\¥Jr7r1r/;p c?vtr's%^fje'r2fetc., a.ft does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:
The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium,

TO.. „;ii ,r,»i! «n lrl<.al Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance

iorii.W. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn Street, CHICAQO, ILL.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported slock. All Queens
teared in full colonies.

Prices of Italians In April:

One Tested Queen $165

" Select Tested Queeo 2.20

" Breeder Queen 3.30

" Tested Caucasian. .. 2.C0

Untested in May. Allothers
ready now from last reason's
rearing. Safe arrival guar-
— anteed. For prices on larger

quantities and description of each grade of
Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

15Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clari>-d-4, Iowa.
Mention Bee Journal when wrltln*.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We oiler for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at S3.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at S3.25 each ; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at S3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped about May 10, by express
(charges not prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders willlbe shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

834 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL

ttow to Make Mm Easy

Restock your apiaries with Atchley Queens;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leading
races in their purity. Untested !>_1 each ; |9
per doz. ; $60 per 100. Tested, $1.dO to 13.50
each; Breeders, «3 to $5 each. I, 2, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Get our prices before you buy. We
nianufaoture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will exchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey. Beeswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Honey Co. CZl
Will Atchlet, Mgr.

llAtt Box 218, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.
Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrItlnB.

Queens frU^looo^Xfel Supplies

I sell queens at— 1 queen, 2oc; doz., S3. Also
following supplies at >^ Root's prices : 1000
P & I fences; 1000 plain section-holders, 1000
4i,x4>a plain sections; Daisy foundation fas-
tener; 10-inch foundation mill; 200 10-fraine
wood-zincs; 3 doz. Porter escapes; 500 Hoff-
man frames. R. M. S'**^-^*^'i"/,„,

TAYLOR'S' STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS THE BHIST

Long Tongues and Goldens are best of hooey-
eathefers" 18 yrs. a specialty, breeding for best
ISnev-gathererl Untest,>d, 7.-,c. or $« a doz.: Tested,
SI or *ln a doz.; Seleit Tested, $1.50. Breeders
veVv best from $3 to $.5. Carniolans same P"ce. Iry
Them We ilTo sell NueU.i and full colonies. Bees
iS separate yards. Sate arrival guaranteed.
.1 W TAYLOR & SON

ISAlOt BEEVILLE, Bee Co., TEXAS.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Lntested, *l;
Tested, .$1.25. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CIHTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.

JOHN W. PHARR. Prop.. Berclair, Texas.

12Atf Please mention the Bee Jo«rii«I.

PleaiBQ mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

April 25, 1907

American line Journa

are made every year in the hook business.
Every fHmily, rich or poor, must hiivo
Ixiokfl. During the last lew vciini. $7.^10..
000.1)0 have been exj.en.ied for Modt-rn
Elofiurnc-e. .$l".;.OOn.(;iK).tiO for StOii.ljir.l'H

)L)'«-tur.'». yil.OOO.OllO.OO for tht- Ci-iitiiry
Dictinniiry. und the trenu-ndouB nam of
S4J.0UO.(J0(t.(iO, coverinc over half a million
sets of the Kr.cyciopapdia Britiinnicft.
These books were sold by subscription in
American homes and sales are etill
going on.

We have a subscription publication
which sellH more rewdiiy than any of the
above. Tlie dpuiHiid is alremiy so tre-
mendous thnt more capital is required to
BwiiiR it, or yet behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming Ptockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Rememlier.the suftess of this publi-
cation is not away off in the future— it is
not proypective. but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every linur. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishingthisadvertibement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pa\B large di\idends and is as
solid as the Rock of Gtibraltar. It cannot
be hel.l open for long as the resj.onse is
certain to be so ereat that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of onr presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in euccessfnl operation,
already earning big dividends. and which
16 led to sell a small amount of its stock
eimply because the business is alretidj so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if >oa would grasp this op-
portunity you must

j\ Write Qoick— Only a Few Can Come In

m Adilress your letter to me personally,

^ like this—

H W. B. GUbert

Dept. G 28 Jacksoa BlTd..CIuctro

BEE-STJPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Langstroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Remember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
j[on want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

I

KRETGfiMER MFG. CO., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or Gernaan.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlnc.

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

Chas. Dadant Oc Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker we
recommend above all others.

G. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

icno^" ?'?,f,oT ®'5°'^<"'S ^'■,e stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
Ibifi, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50—4 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use i.]o 3' ' "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries .......... LOO— 3 ' '■

Large — lasts longer than any other !90— 2W "

Little Wonder — as its name implies .......... !65— 2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-offlce free. We send circular if requested.

Original Biagham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM, FarW6ll, MlGtl.

Patented May 20. IS'T.

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIE5

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A131 PVase mention the Bee Joarnal.

26 EGGS

from my Choice
Strain White
Wyandottes, SLOG

J. F. Michael, Rt I, Winchester, Ind.

Please mention the Bee Journal.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Briirht Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now booW-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt atteotioii. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.,i5, ur 12 for $6 5o. Tested, $luO,
or 6 for $5.50. 2. trame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, f2.U' GEO. M . BARNBS.

15A26t Hoi 349. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested QueeQ«, $2-
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Joarnal when wrltlns.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Qneens. Better than ever.

Untested 60ceach; six, $3.50

Selected untested 75c " "4 00

Tested fi.co " " s oo

Selected tested 1.23 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen 2.00
Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Greenville, Ala.

I7Aif Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please Mention IheAmericau Bee Jonriial AdJSrTff

April 25, 1907

American ^ee JournaT|

"WHAT'S IN A NAME?"

That depends whose name it is.

Did it ever occur to you that it means something to order bee-supplies with a reli-
able name back of the goods — a name that has stood for over 30 years for the very best in
bee-goods ?

When you see LEWIS on a hive or on a crate of sections you know what you are
getting. You also know that if the goods are not just exactly what they are sold to be,
back goes your money to you. The G. B. Lewis Company or its distributing houses do
not want your money if you are not satisfied.

They do not want you to take any chances, either. Before you buy your bee-sup-
plies, order a sample crate of Lewis Sections and five Lewis Hives or less, just to see
what you are going to get when you do buy. If Lewis Beeware does not win out on the
trial, give some one else the order. That's fair, isn't it ?

Lewis Beeware is sold at consistent prices, and is the cheapest beeware because it
is the best beeware. A season's trial will convince you.

G. B. LEWIS CO.,

The Original Beeware People
"Not in Any Trust."

Watertown, Wis.

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 0ficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., Manzmillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,
Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, Fallbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.

MICHIGAN— A.G.Woodman Co., Grand Rapids

MASSACHUSE rTS— Alvin A. Vinal, Marsh-
fleld Hills.

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norris& Anspach, Kenton.

OREGON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS— Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H. Lilly Company,
Seattle.

April 25, 1907

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

— The —

363

American Hee Journal (^^S^^^p-y^^^Fi

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

AniBrican Bee -Keeper
[or 19D7

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been enpajjed. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Kee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE TV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.
[Established iS years. J
Hevtlon Bee Jonrnal vrhea vrrltllig.

Chicago, April 4.— Market is quite bare of
best grades of comb honey. When sales are
made it is on a ba'iis of 15@l7c, with very little
outlet for the off -grades. Extracted, 7(ffi8c; off
grades, 6@6>6c. Beeswax in good demand at
30@32C. R. A. BURNBTT & Co.

Cincinnati, April 16 —There is nothing new
in 1 he hooey market, excepting that this part
of the country is bare of comb hi'ny, and it is
well, for consumers will appreciate the new
crop more when it arrives. We are sellitg- ex-
tracted amber honey in barrels at from S'^fa
6Mc. Fancy table honej, 8!^c@'^c, in crates of
two 60-poudd cans. Forch' iceyel ow beeswax.
free from dirt, 32c ca'ih. delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, April 10.— Owing to the cold
weather, there has been quite a demand for
comb houey in the last 10 days; quite a number
of odd lots have been moved in this market,
with not so many arrivals as heretofore. We
qnute: Fancy white comb honey, 15^16c; No.
1, 14@i5c; amber, 12@14o. Fancy white ex-
tracted, 7@Sj; ligbt amber, b<a7c. Bees Jvax.
very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, April 12 —Comb Honey.— There
is very little doing; stock ot wbiie honey of all
grade's is practically cleaned up, and small
shipments which arrive from time to time, find
ready sale at 14:^15c for choice wbite stock, and
12^l3c foi off grades. Considerable dark comb
houey is left on the market, and there does not
seem to he any demand whatsoever. We quoie
nominally at 10@llc, but in large lots we doubt
whethsr this price can le realized. Extracted
UoNEv. — California stock seems to be well
clejned up, and we are informed that there is
very little left on theCoast, and, before the new
crop is marketed, whaf.ever is on the market
now will have been consumed. The prospects
in California are very good for a large crop, but
nothing definite can be said ai this time, and
there is rfosurety of a big crop until it isaciually
gathered. Last season the outlook was just as
good, but in the height of the season, cold
northern winds and generally contrary weather
affected the crop to such an extent that it was
as small as in previous years. With favorab'e

Complete stock for r.*U7 now on liaml.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FEOM ME.

Cataloj; mailed free.
Send for same.

M A Special Discount on Early Orders.

Let me
, booli
Order for

LAMS, and CAl CASIAI>'S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

QUEENS >

bred in separate apiaries,

thu4JOL,l>l':.'>' Vl':i,.

.OWS, CAK.KIO-

C. H. W. WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146,-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Av^.

weather in California for the next two months
a large crop will undoubtedly be harvested, and
if so prices will naturally be considerably lower
than those of the past season and present pi ices.
We quote white sage at from 7(a9c, and light
amber at from 7(gJ7^c. Near-by, as well as
Southern honey, is well cleaned up, and the
markets are in good shape for new crop. Cuban
and other West Indian honeys are arriving in
large quantities, most of which are sold for ex
port. The market is firm, at from 58@60c per
gallon, duty paid according to quality. Bees-
wax firm and steady at from 3i(a3ic.

HiLDRETH A; SeGELKEN.

IivDiANAPOLis, April 12,— comb honey is not
pli-n'iful, bat demand is slack. Fancy white
romh brings 16@i7c; No. 1 white, 14c: amber,
12'ffil3c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber. t,@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at$3S per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30— The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming in much more freely, as bee
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid o
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16^
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, ISc; buckwheat, ISc
Extracted white clover in barrels bring
7@7Mc; cans the same. Beeswax, 26(a2Sc.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, Mar 30— The demand for comb
honev is light, as alsoa'e the receipts. The
market is about bare of extracted. We quote:
No. 1 white comb. 24 sec. cases, $3 10 to $5.25;
No. 2, J2.50 to «2.75. Extracted, white, 8@9c;
amber, 7@8c. B?eswax, 28-.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of ooth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not suflacient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, bat have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,80. White
extracted. 8@S}^c per pound; tight amber,
'^i@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, April 3.- The market on hooey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2,
selling at 13'.sc, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sell- in barrels at 5;i@6c. Beeswax
32c, delivered here. C. H.W. Wbbkr.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consi^lng, buying or selling, consnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. CHrcAGO, Itt-^

If you Hiial titi: ltc«;-isook

That covers the whole Apicultnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DUcoants to the Trade.

BEE SUPPLIES.

We handle tha finest baa supplies, made by the W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., Jamestewn, N. Y. Big Discounts on early orders, let us figure
with you en your wants. ,'

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warpf*^'
proof cover, and bottonn board, think of it. same prico as the regular
styles. Send for Catalog.

THE FRED. W. MUTH CO..

51 WALNUT ST.

CINCINNATI. OHIO.

April 25. n)7

I MarsMield Bee-Qoods I

^

:^

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very shorj time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago,
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. T

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, KnoxviU;.

Gregory & Sao, Ottumwa.
KANSAS— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 12/
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Bnell, Union Citj.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairbury.
CANAD\ N. H. Smith, Tilbury. Out.
ARIZONA— U. \'-\ Ryder, Phu aix
MINNESOTA— ;^orihwesiern tfeeSup

ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO- r. M. UoUowell, Uirrison.
TtXAS— White Mfg. 1 I-., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
C:n., Cumt^erland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

47th Year

MAY 2, 1907

Number 18

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

American Hee Journal

May 2. 1907

PUBLISaED WEEKLY BT

GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III.

FMPORTANT NOTICES.

Tin!' PITBSCRIPTION PKICB Of this Journal la
ei.i«/ a year, in llie UnileU States. Canada, and
Meiieoi all utlier cuunlries in the Postal Union. 60
cents a year extra tor postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
enl ut the monlh lu wbicti your subscription ispa'.d.
Fur instance, "decii?" on your label shows that it IB
paid to the end ol December. 19C7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt l^r money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-labeJ, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Fiate. per flgate Line, lOo.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts

4 times.
13 " .
26 " .
£2 " .

... 5 per cent
...10 "
...20 "
...30 "

Space Discounts.

100 lines... Sperceni

500 " ...10
ICOO " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, subject
to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— Til protect and defend its members in their
lawful ri/htB.

3d.— To enfor.e laws against the adulteration oi
Doney. _

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France, Platteville, Wlfl.

ty 1 f more convenient, Dnes may be sent to tbC
ubhsh**r>t ot the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

S?-f£.Jvi,V"' O ^'"J' ton BEE nv HONEY.

~ /And CnZiR THIS tONELY HEART?

Fob I WOULD huo you all TH£ Tint ,
And we would urvts pabt

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souveoir Postal Card for beekeepers.
The cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remiud them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid : 3 cards for lOo (stamps
or silver), or 5 free with the American Bee
Journal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x23'.<
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORae W. YORKj& CO.
S34 Dearborn feiree CHICAGO, II.I..^

^

Now is tlie Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Uovelalled Hires, Sections. Section-Holders.
Separators, Brood Frames, Foundation, Smokers, Ex

tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONE?.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

MlnnesoM Bee-Keepers' SuddIu 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnK.

dUmfh GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone It owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

GUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Uentlon Bee Joornal vrhea writlnM.

Western Bee- Keepers s^«A'

We Will
ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE C0L0R.1D0 HOVEV-PRODl'CERS' SSS'S, Denvfr. Colo.
9Atf Please mention tbe Bee Jonrsal.

Best No. 1 Sections

per 1000, {4.00; No.

2, $3 40; plain, 2Sc
less. Discounts on Danz. and Root's hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. Dubu, St. ftone, 111.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Journal.

TENNESSEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra- Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, .Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After April 15th.

from

Italians Before Julij Ist

1 ftfter July 1st

GflRNIOLflNS

1 GftUGftSlftNS

1

6

13

1 1

6 IS

1

6

12

1

6

13

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested..

j! .75

1 00
1.50

2 00

$4 00

.5 00

8 00

■10 00

S 7.50

9 00

15.00

IS 00

$ .60

.75

l.-ib

1.50

$3 25* 6 00

4.25; 8 00
6 50 12.00
8.001 15.00

$ .85
1 10
1.60
3.10

$4 50
5 50
8,50

10.50

$8 00

9.60

15.50

18.50

$ .95
1.20
1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6 00

900

11.00

$850
10 00
16 00
19.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders slo.OO

Select Golden Breeders 3 00

" 3-band " 3.00

" Carniolan " 3.10

" Caucasian" 3.25

1-frame Nucleus (no queen) $1.50

2-frame " " 2.00

3-frame " " 2.50

4-frame " " 3.00

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame

dovetailed hive 6.00

Bees by the pound in light shipping-boxes, Sl-OO per pound.
Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices. •

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

i7A4t 2iD.f JOHN" M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

I Hentlon Bee Journal frbea (rrlUBC.

American l^ee Journal

May 2, 1907

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEVVIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

ItS^ Send for list ol Slightly l»ani-
agetl UoodN lo Nelect from at Reduced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N, ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and'^ee-Supp^ Co. (Not ino

Long Distance Telephone, North ISS'i. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO, ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mentioa the Kee Journal.

367

\~

APONS PAY

Capons are choaper and easier

raistMl, lirinj? (kmtile iirice on

thn market. Crtpumzint,- is

aay, anti aoou learned. Set prepaid with

■easy to use" directions, $:i.50. Capon

book free, tells how. Write for It today.

G PPIIIing&SonCo.,

Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

BEE 0 POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., ludianapoHs, Ind

AMERICAN LINDEN

OR BASSWOOD TREES

l;y ExpreSH or Freight.

etc 8 feet, each Ha; per UK) $7.00

8 to 10 feet. .•Hch «c; per 100 8.00

ARTHUR STANLEY, Dixon. III.

13Alf I*leaRe mention the Bee Journal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and g-iving eatirely satisfactory re*
suite. Comb foundation made easily and
Quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
fiheets, 12.00. ''nher sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press makinf; the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any sizs wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

mention Bee Journal vrben nrrltlns.

Cf\r Q^Ia l*'^ Acre Farm and lOO
rUI OaiC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good S-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS.

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltln^.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
SScents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Mor a year at $1,00; or for 11.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

aEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

" If goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder.'

Established 1889.

How I Get Orders from Afar

By the Bee-Crank.

Distance is measured these 20th-
century days not by miles and feet, but
by hours and minutes.

How far, for example, is it from In-
dianapolis to New York ?

You can walk it and see.

Or you can cover it by local freight,
and it won't be one-tenth so far.

A through freight will cut it down
still more.

A limited freight lops off another
chunk.

And a long-distance telephone wipes
out all that's left of the intervening
space.

SEE THE POINT?

Indianapolis is not very far from
anywhere.

It is less than a day's walk of the exact
center of population of this country.

But then distance is only relative after all.

Indianapolis is at the hub, and there is a railroad line like a spoke that reaches to every part of the
wheel.

No roundabout shipments from Indianapolis.

It is straight as the crow flies from my warerooms to you.

I take advantage of this fortunate strategic position by carrying in stock ready for immediate ship-
ment a full line of the best Supplies, including Koot goods at Root prices.

Prompt service is a great stimulant in the bee-supply business.

That's why I get so many orders from afar.

Get my new catalog. It's free.

W/5lli"^f* ^ Pr^llH^f* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
TYd-iL^i 4::>. I^VWV*^! INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

368

May 2, 1907

American ^ae^Journal

HONEY FROM THE DANZENBAKER HIVE

THE FANCY COMB HONEY HIVE

1 ' '

-P-

■ '%.r^'^

,-r«.a.%J

fr- ■•■ ■->.

-?1

r '

5rcl

1

i

1

,#

s

...J

t ■ ■ i

5

■

if ■

.^

1

r

. 1 ■

1

i

1. ... -i'

• -1:

-!

_

r

...J f .

*** l»^..-.

.. .. .... .. ■ t:

^

L.._-„,.

,Jk#— **"~^.,

More Honey

(That is, more honey in the super at the right time.)

Better Honey

(More honey that will grade fancy and extra fancy.)

More rioney

(No question but what the producer of a fancy and extra fancy grade gets a better price, and does it easier.)

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calitornia

♦Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

♦Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fraita Fruita b'ruit and Produce Ass*n

District of Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Georgia

Savannah Howkins & Rnsh

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

EvansvUle Vickery Bros.

lo^ra

Des Moioes Joseph Nysewander

Kansas
Angnsta Carl F. Buck

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine
Mechanic Falls The A. L Root Co.

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micliigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill ... .Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanket Hank

Mew Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

!^e-»T Ifork

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Oiiio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utab

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

* These deaiers buy onr goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at th^ Pust-ciiijrc at Cbicago as Becond-Clasa Mail-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a 4"ear, by George W.York & Co., 3.34: Dearborn Street.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 2, 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 18

IKK

Litotes
Coimncnfs

.^

Spring Protection of Bees

The editor of the Bee-Keepers' Review is
quite enthusiastic about protecting bees in
spring by wrapping the hives with tarred felt.
It N. E. France is correct in saying that a
colony protected by tarred paper will have
double as much brood as an unprotected one
when warna weather comes, it may well be
worth while to make trial of such protection.
Although the protection should be given im-
mediately when the bees are taken from the
cellar, there are still some cold days due for
many this spring.

One may make a jumbling job of fastening
on the covering, and Editor Hutchinson gives
what seems to be an excellent way in the fol-
lowing :

The usual method of putting on the felt is
to fold it down over the hive and fasten it by
tacking a strip of thin wood along the lower
edge on each side of the hive, but I have tried
a plan that I like better, viz., that of tying
it on, putting a piece of wool twine, or some
coarse twine, around the hive in two places
and drawing it up as tightly as possible, then
tying it. The only difficulty with this method
of fastening on the paper, is to keep it in
place while the strings are being put on and
tied. Ordinarily it would require the services
of two or three persons, but I hit upon a
scheme whereby one man can do the act easily.

The felt is a yard wide. Cut it off in lengths
just long enough to reach over the top of the
hive and down each side to the bottom. Then
cut out pieces just the size of the end of the
hive. The piece that is to go in front of the
hive should be cut on a slight circle on one
edge, and this edge turned down so as to
leave a place open at the bottom for an en-
trance. To hold the paper in place while it
is being lied, I tacked a block to the side of
the top-bar of a brood-frame (of course, any
stick will answer) at each end. I had the
blocks at such a distance apart that when the
felt had been folded over the hive, as one
would fold paper over a package that was
being done up, these blocks would just nicely

V

spotted with dysentery, a bee-brush dipped in
water should be used to clean them up before
giving them to the bees.

slip over the end of the hive. Then by press
ing one end of the stick up, and the other
down, any amount of pressure could be
brought to bear— enough so that the stick
would remain in place and hold the felt in
place while it was being tied.

I made two of these sticks with blocks
nailed on, one for each end of the hive. Lay
the large piece of felt over the top of the hive,
set the end-piece up against the end of the
hive, place the knee upon the top of the hive,
fold down the felt around one end exactly as
you would fold paper in doing up a package,
put on the stick to hold it in place, turn to
the other end of the hive and serve it the
same. Have the strings cut ofl the right
length, put one around, draw it up tight, tie
it, then put on another string in the same way
down near the bottom of the hive, remove the
sticks, and the work is done.

Five cents worth of tarred felt will cover a
hive, and with this method of putting it on
there is not much likelihood of its being in-
jured, and it can he piled away and saved to
use another spring.

Using Combs on Which Bees Died

" Can combs on which bees have died dur-
ing winter be given to healthy bees in the
spring?" is a question that arises annually,
and is answered thus in Gleanings in Bee-
Culture:

Every year about this time a good many
inquire whether it would be safe to put live
bees on combs from which bees have died.
We should have no hesitation whatever if
they are not badly soiled with dysentery
stains; and there would be no danger even
then after settled warm weather comes on.
Even if the stores were so inferior as to be
responsible for the death of the colony dur-
ing winter, such stores would probably do no
harm to bees that are permitted to have a
flight one or Hvo days in a week in early
spring. Combs very badly soiled with dysen-
tery should be set aside and not used until the
bees can fly every day; and even then we
would not give more than one to a colony at
a time. If they are well sealed and badly

Why are Bottom -Starters Necessary ?

This question is raised by the editor of the
Bee-Keepers' Review in the following para-
graph :

Bottom-starters are favored by a few bee-
keepers ; and I will say this : If you can't get
the combs firmly attached to the bottom-bars
without the use of bottom-starters, then use
them by all means. I have no use for them.
As I have said before, no man by looking at
my finished sections could tell which side up
they "grew." I would like to visit some
bee-keeper who can't succeed without bottom-
starters, and see his sections before he gives
them to the bees — see them as he gives them
when trying to succeed without bottom-start-
ers. If the section is not filled full, of course
the comb may not be attached at the bottom —
I would not expect that it would. If it is
filled full w/iij don't the bees attach the comb
all around* They do with me and with hun-
dreds of bee-keepers that I have visited.

In the absence of anything authoritative on
the subject, it may do no barm to make a ten-
tative answer to Mr. Hutchinson's " why."
There are some who believe in having their
bees somewhat crowded in supers, and bees
thus crowded will, other things being equal,
fill out sections more plumply, fastening them
well to sides and bottoms. If you want to
see outside cells next the wood filled and
sealed, allow only one or two supers of sec-
tions to a strong colony in a heavy honey-
flow, so that the supers will be literally
crammed with bees. You may, however,
overdo the business, compelling the bees to
build a lot of bur-combs between the sections.

Others, however, think that the advantages
gained by thus crowding are offset by disad-
vantages. They think there is a loss in hav-
ing bees so crowded that all can not have
room and to spare at their work, especially if
the crowding reach the point where the bees
turn part of their honey into clumps of white
wax to be practically wasted. Another thing
is, that some desire to have just as many colo-
nies as possible go through the season without
making any attempt to swarm, and to favor
this the bees must have abundant room, and
with this abundant room in the supers some
sections will not be well built down without
the persuasive itffluence of bottom-starters.

Mr. Hutchinson's advice is good: If you

370

American Hee Journal

May 2, 1907

can not have sections well built down without
bottom-starters, by all means use them ; if
you don't need them, you may as well save
the trouble and expense.

Drifting or Mixing of Bees

To prevent the drifting or mixing of bees
when taken from cellar, whereby a large num-
ber go to a few hives depleting others, and
sometimes resulting in the death of queens in
the over-populated colonies, it has been rec-
ommended to contract the hive-entrance im-
mediately on taking the bees out of the cel-
lar. Confirmatory of this view is the follow-
ing from E. D. Townsend in the Bee-Keepers'
Review :

"If the entrance is contracted so that only

a few bees can fly at a time, it helps to keep
them flying at a more moderate rate. We
sometimes throw a shovel full of sand inio
the entrance, then, with a small stick, make
an opening at one corner so that only a few
bees can fly at a time. This certainly helps
to keep them from mixing. I am sure the
whole secret lies in so managing that only a
few bees fly at a time. In other words, so
manage that the strong colonies are not
allowed to show their extra strength in flying
force, and with the entrances contracted the
strong colonies can not throw out a force
much, if any, stronger than the weak or mod-
erately strong colonies. It seems that with
this flrst mad rush for a flight the bees forget
all about marking their location. They seem
to get started to entering a few hives, then a
great share of the bees in the air are attracted
to these few hives, with the result that these
few colonies get the lion's share of the flying
force."

ship (or remove queens otherwise) under 4
days' laying (and usually not under 5 to 10
days), the nuclei are overstocked with brood
at all times. Having Italianized fully 90 per-
cent of the neighboring bees within 3 or 4
miles of my yard, I get pure mating with very
few exceptions.

The bricks on these little nucleus hive-
covers not only hold the covers securely, but
make exact queen-records by reversing the
sides, turning lengthwise or crosswise of the
nucleus, or standing on edge. With wife as
my assistant (mostly in correspondence), I do
the work alone. I also work 2 out-yards.
Chas. M. Dabrow.

0)isceHaneou5
ilecus -If ems

Removal Notice

By the time this number of the American
Bee Journal is in the hands of its readers, we
will have moved into our new and larger
quarters, on the 8th floor of the " Electrical
Building," at 118 W. Jackson Boulevard—
about a half-mile west of where we have been
located the past 3 years. Our correspondents
will kindly notice this change in our street
address when writing us, and when in Chi-
cago come and see us in our new place of
business. George W. York & Co.

times, but will probably have more experi-
ence in that line, as he is not afraid to go any-
where among the bees.

The little girl, " Myrtle," is very fond of
bees. I think she will follow in her father's
footsteps, and be a queen-breeder, as she
always asks to see the queen. She has been
stung only a few times, and she walks among
the bees quite often to see what is being done
there.

It was windy when the picture was taken,
and so we had to strike for tall timber, as
will be seen.

The other photograph represents myself
and part of my home apiary and nucleus yard,
looking northwest. The public road is in the
background, with a cornfield still further

Maeterlin'-li's Bee-Foolishness. — Not

often is a new work received with higher
words of praise than was Maeterlinck's work
on the bee. Men thoroughly familiar with
the literature of bee-keeping gave it unquali-
fied praise, its brilliant style apparehtly daz-
zling their eyes so that they could not see the
grave faults it contained. It is hardly possi-
ble, however, that brilliancy of style will be
sulHcient to blind the eyes of any but the
utterly uninformed to the glaring errors con-
tained in the following:

Maeterlinck on the Intelligence of the
Bee.

It would be easy, without appealing to any
prehistoric event, to bring together a large
number of facts that would show that the
faculty of adaptation and intelligent progress
is not reserved exclusively for the human
race.

Transported to Australia or California, our
black bee completely alters her habits. After
one or two years, finding that summer is per-
petual and flowers forever abundant, she will
live from day to day, content to gather the
honey and pollen indispensable for the day's
consumption ; and, her recent and thoughtful
observation triumphing over hereditary ex-
perience, she will cease to make provision for
her winter. Buchner mentions an analogous
fact, which also proves the bees' adaptation
to circumstances, not slow, secular, uncon-
scious and fatal, but immediate and intelli-
gent: in Barbados, the bees whose hives are

The National Association continues
to grow, there being at this writing 2327
members. Only 173 needed to make the 2500.
If not a member, why not send a dollar now
to General Manager, N. E. France, Platteville,
Wis.? It would be a nice thing to have a
membership 2500 strong , by the time of, the
next annual meeting, 'next;^fall. We under-
stand the exact time and place will be de-
cided in a few days.

The Family and Apiary of Chas. M.
Darrow, of Milo, Mo., are shown this week.
Mr. D. wrote as follows, April 20:

Referring to the picture of myself and
family, I will say that we are all good honey-
eaters. The largest boy, " Willie," was
initiated into beedom when only a small
baby. As myself and wife were returning
home with a wagon-load of bees I had pur-
chased, he was stung on the neck, but as
soon as I removed the stinger he turned over
and went to sleep. Then when he was nearly
2 years old, he and a cousin went out to the
bee-yard, and he took a piece of iron and beat
on the hive with it. My wife heard him cry,
and carried him to the house, and we must
have removed 200 stingers from him, all over
his body, but mostly in his hair. It made
him very sick for a few days. He has had a
few stings since, but is not afraid of bees.

The little chap standing before me is
"Theodore;" he has been stung only a few

L

51I i^ . iP"y m

"«• t

|-«

■« '

'^-

i

' 1

1:

I^^B

^^^yj3

Partial View of Nucleus Yard and Apiart of Chas. M. Darbow.

back. The pole in the background is a tele-
phone pole by the roadside. There were 40 or
45 colonies in this yard, used chiefly for
queen-rearing, although it furnished quite a
quantity of honey last May and June, which
was mostly used in queen-rearing later on.
We had no fall flow.

The third colony shown on the right has
one of my fruit-jar feeders; this is the most
convenient feeder I ever had, and can be used
when others can't.

The nucleus yard contained 113 nuclei, each
with 4 frames 5Jjx83.,' inches. As I never

in the midst of the refineries, where they find
sugar in plenty during the whole year, will
entirely abandon their visits to the flowers. —
Harper's for March.

It is the old floating fragment of folly that
went the rounds of the press years ago, and
has been refuted time and time again. In a
matter of such remarkable change in the
deportment of bees, why could not Maeter-
linck have informed himself as to the truth or
the falsity of the matter before committing t

May 2, 1907

371

[^^^^^P

[American ^ec Journa

winge of the press suoh an egregious blunder;
There are plenty of beekeepers in Australia
and California who could have told him the
truth. Indeed, the very fact that there are
still bee-keepers in those countries shows the
monstrosity of the statement, or else bee-
keepers in Australia and California must be
great fools to give their time to the care of
bees which "cease to make provision for win-
ter." No doubt some of those men who
throw upon the market 50,000 to 100,000
pounds of honey in a single season will smile
at the idea that their bees " live from day to
day, content to gather the honey and pollen
indispensable for the day's consumption."

Possibly some one may say, " But it's the
Hack bee of which Mr. Maeterlinck speaks."

Well, there are still enough black bees left
in Australia, luid surely Mr. Maeterlinck does
not want us to think that the Italian is more
lacking in intellitrcnce than her black sister.

Neither would il be a dillicult thing for our
writer of the chiirming manner to inform
himself with rcgiud to bees in Barbados, and
he would probaljly find that even in that
sugary island btcs still pay some attention to
llowers. And if ■• the bees' adaptation to cir-
cumstances" is fic) " immediate and intelli-
gent," perhaps Mr. Maeterlinck will tell us
why, when bees stu that their visits to refin-
eries are so fatal, their immediate and intelli-
gent adaptation to circumstances does not
lead to immediate and intelligent avoidance
of such ^ces.

■/>r—

Our

A^^^^^W

a^^^^jBo^aa.jt.;^^,

tiSik.

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Another Defense of Black Bees

I felt that I wanted to shake hands
with Mr. Macdonald, of Banff, when I
read his defense of the black bee.
Partly that was from pure "clannish-
ness," and partly it was from a fellow-
feeling, which, as you all know, makes
us "wondrous kind."

So your favorite bees have not been
receiving-, as it seems to you, justice !
Neither have mine, Mr. Macdonald,
and I predict that I will yet success-
fully wield, or else break, a lance in
defense of the beautiful " gray bees of
Carniola." But such is not my pur-
pose now, but to see if I can offer you
a little comfort.

You complain that American bee-
keepers write as if the blacks were a
useless and effete race. You should
read W. Z. Hutchinson's latest " Ad-
vanced Bee Culture." Mr. Hutchinson
starts one chapter of his really excel-
lent book with the statement, "There
are only two varieties of bees worthy
of consideration for use in the United
States ; in fact, they are about the
only varieties now left here for consid-
eration, and they are the Italians and
the Germans or blacks, as they are
commonly called." There is much
more in the chapter commendatory of
the black bees, and Mr. Hu/chinson is
one of our leaders, Mr. Macdonald.

Further, if you read our bee-papers
you will see every once in a while
where some one uses the black bee as
the " little leaven " that " leaventh the
whole lump."

While I have quoted you Hutchin-
son, I would not like to leave the im-
pression that I swallow that statement
as truth. It is a matter of astonish-
ment to me that Mr. Hutchinson could
make a sweeping assertion like that. I

can hardly hold myself, here and now,
from giving facts and figures in dis-
proof of it. But the error is so mani-
fest that there is no need. To mention
just one fact : A single queen-breeder
in the United States told me he sent
out last season 3000 Carniolan queens,
and judging of the future from the
past, there would be a call for 5000 this
season. Then there are the new can-
didates for favor — the gentle Cau-
casians and the"Banats." Mr. Mac-
donald says that while he has consis-
tently upheld the good points he has
found in blacks, he has at the same
time shown charity to Carniolans and
Italians. That is the right attitude, I
think, and it makes me think of Mr.
Benton's bulletin. When I read that I
said, "Mr.Beuton likes /A^?« a//." With
a climate rangiugfrom the cold of Can-
ada to the warmth of Florida and
Mexico, I don't see why there is not
room for all in North America, and it
is quite within belief that the best bee
for me here is not the best for a very
different climate. I have been a bee-
keeper for nearly IS years. For 12
years I have had Carniolans as well as
Italians, and they survive with me be-
cause of Nature's law — the " survival
of the fittest."

Mr. Benton had this to say of the
blacks, Mr. Macdonald :

" The same care and skill applied in
the selection of breeding stock would
result in as great improvement in this
as in any of the more attractive yellow
races."

Small doubt of it the black bee did
not have fair play when people brim-
stoned the colonies that gave promise
of yielding the heaviest spoils. Im-
prove your blacks all you can, Mr.
Macdonald. and I promise you that if I
ever go to Banff, I will hunt you up and

see for myself what the black bees can
do for one who appreciates them.

(Mrs.) a. L. Amos.
Custer Co., Nebr.

Honey-Cakes or honey-QlnKer Bread

We read in Holy Scripture that the
manna with which the Hebrew people
were fed in the wilderness during 40
years, was according to the taste of
everybody and was like to " flour with
honey." One naturally regrets that
the recipe of such a good thing should
not 'have been handed down to us.
However, the bee-keeper may easily
have something similar, for flour and
honey, which are the substance of the
heavenly pattern, are the only neces-
sary constituents of honey-cakes, and
these the bee-keeper may always have.

It is a mistake to think that buck-
wheat honey is required, as has been
stated in some bee-papers. I make use
of best clover honey without any diffi-
culty. Honey-cakes, if properly made,
may be said also to be according to
everybody's taste, and are sometimes
more useful than pure honey itself, for,
strange enough, there are some per-
sons who are unable to bear the taste
of honey in its natural form, whilst I
have not seen any one who would not
relish honey-cakes; I know even some
to whom the doctor has forbidden the
use of sweets, and on whom honey-
cakes produce a good effect.

From personal experience I am of the
opinion that honey-cakes would advan-
tageously take the place of many
drugs, and are much to be recom-
mended to sick persons who suffer
from a weak stomach, or who have but
little appetite, for being so light, and
at the same time so highly substantial,
they areeasily digested without fatigu-
ing the patient. One never gets weary
of eating them day after day, as is
often the case with pure honey. These
advantages are enough to wish that the
way of making them should be known
in every bee-keeper's home.

Honey-cakes should not be eaten
hurriedly, but allowed a sufficient time
to ooze away, so to say, in the mouth.
When newly made they are very light
and dry. Some will find them too dry,
but they will improve with age, and, if
left in the open, will quickly absorb
moisture which will make them soft.

Now, the following is the way to pro-
ceed in making them : I generally take
40 or 50 pounds of honey at a time, and
as much flour, so that they may last
for many months. But for the sake of
beginners I must give lower figures.
Take then 3 pounds honey, 3 pounds
flour, ]2 ounce powdered ammonia, a
small teaspoonful of ground cinnamon,
]z teaspoonful of ground cloves, and 6
ounces of orange peel cut very small.
The three last-mentioned ingredients
are not essential, but they improve the
taste. Ammonia is necessary. To
those who would object to it, I may ex-
plain that it does not remain in the
cake, but evaporates during the baking
process, its function being to raise the
dough.

Directions. — Pour the honey in a
copper or enamelled pan, and set on a
stove or quick fire. When it boils,
draw it aside and remove the scum.

372

May 2, 1907

Then pour the honey into the vessel in
which the paste is to be made ; leave it
to cool ; then add flour and mix it up
well. This is the remote preparation,
and the paste may be left in that con-
dition for weeks and months without
fear of deterioration. The proximate
preparation is made on the day on
which the cake is baked, and consists
in adding- the other ingredients, when
the paste is worked thoroughly up
again. The ammonia must first be
placed in a cup, pour on it a few drops
of cold water and stir it well, so as to
form a thick paste, then mix it up with
the rest. Then take a piece of the
paste, roll it out into a cake not over %
inch thick, and cut up into convenient
sizes as desired. This done, put the
cakes on a flat tin (which must be
greased beforehand) and bake from 12
to IS minutes in a hot oven. — Br. Co-
LUMEAN, St. Mary's Abbey, Buckfast,
Devon, England.

American Me Journal

Bees Wintered Well— Remedy for
Bee-Sting Poisoning

On Nov. 20, 1906, we put 87 colonies
of bees into our bee-cellar. They win-
tered well. On March 25, 1907, we set
out one colony, the thermometer show-
ing 70 degrees. We set out the rest by
moonlight that evening. The next
day they had a good flight, although
the east wind was a little rough, but at
S p.m. the thermometer showed 70.
Although the last 3 days of March were
very rough, cold, and windy, yester-
day the bees brought in pollen. The
one colony set out on the 2Sth brought
in pollen shortly after being put out.

On page 93 is given a remedy for
beesting poisoning. Will the writer
please tell us how to use this remedy,
and what quantity to use ? Bee-sting
poison has had at difi'erent times a
severe effect on me, and caused terrible
agony and distress, therefore to know
a remedy would be greatly appreciated.
Mary Theilmann.

Theilman, Minn., April 3.

RcfleciiofiiST

California Bce-Kceper

By W. a. Pbtal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

A Swarm of Bees at School

The little episode of the " thawed
out " Berkeley bees reminds me of the
time the principal of the Hawthorne
School, San Francisco, had with a
swarm of bees that came from Princi-
pal Prior's apiary. The latter's school
is in South San Francisco, while his
residence adjoined the Hawthorne
School. One day Prof. Prior's bees
swarmed and lit on a small tree in the
school-yard next door. The children
became frantic. They were not used to
seeing "bees at school." The lady
principal did not know what to do, but
she thought it well to ring up some of
the city officials. The Fire Department
was called upon the scene to quench
the fiery bees ; the Health Department
to allay any poison the bees might in-
ject into the pupils ; and, I believe, the
Pound Department was sent for to
lasso the bees and put 'em in the lock-
up with the " bad dogs."

It was a comic mix-up all around,
but no harm was done after all.

The Bees at Berkeley

A big laugh has gone up about the
Berkeley bees. The daily papers of
Oakland and San Francisco were full
of it. It came about in this way. But
first let me remark that the story re-
minds me of the child's story of " Mary
Had a Little Lamb," or especially that
portion which recites that "it made

the children laugh and play to see a
lamb at school."

Prof. C. W. Woodworth, the head of
the entomological department, was
going to tell his class " how doth the
busy bee." But the hour was not a
sunshiny one on this late March day —
a day just after the long, wet spell.
Live bees were required to elucidate
the subject — I was going to remark, to
etitiven thesu'oject, and that was about
the way of it, anyway.

Well, the bees did not wake up to
the fact that they were to be real good
bees for this auspicious and educative
occasion ; they were required to step
about a bit lively. They could kind of
number them. A happy idea seemed
to strike the dignified Professor ; he
would put some " ginger" into the ob-
servation-hive full of bees. So the
hive was placed near a stove in the
lecture-room.

The class was assembled, and as a
merry hum passed through the lads
and misses at the fount of knowledge,
another hum started up in the hive.
The bees began to wake up ; they be-
gan to step about pretty likely ; in
fact, they became very animated. They
got out of the hive ; they were no re-
specters of persons; the Professor and
students, it was rumored, were attacked
by the bees with ginger in them.
There was a hot time in the class-room.
The "co-eds" screamed; the male
students would have fought, but there
was no general to lead 'em in the fray.
The bees were getting the best of the

assemblage when Ralph Benton (the
papers got his name as Button) was
called in to bring order out of chaos,
and did. So great is the name of
" Benton " in the " Land of Berkeley,"
as former Gov. Pardee used to write it
in one of his parodies when he was a
student at that University. Benton
met the bees and smote 'em wing and
sting, and no lance, sword, javelin nor
sting had he. But the bees made the
children scream and scamper " to see a
bee at school."

Alfilarela — A Rich Nectar Secreter

I had written somewhat at length of
this plant a score of years ago. It is
still one of our very best early honey-
producers. Some call it "pin-weed."
When the rains -come early we find it
in bloom rather sparingly in Decem-
ber. All through April and May it is
abundant ; I may state that it is about
the most common weed we have, and
makes an excellent forage for neat
cattle. The flowers are rather small,
and mostly of a sickly-pink color. This
year I have what I believe is a new
variety here on our place. It is thrifty
as to growth, and the flowers are pure
white. I am going to propagate it that
I may have quite a showing of the
plants. Mr. J. S. Harbison, in his
"Bee-Keepers' Directory," page 172,
states :

"This plant yields large quantities
of pollen for about 3 months, commen-
cing in March and ending in June."

Had Mr. H. pursued his investiga-
tions a little further during the pioneer
days of bee-culture in California, he
would have found that this plant was a
rich honey-secreter, and that in moist
places it grew and thrived the year
around. Like the geranium, it seems
to be a part of California. I believe I
should have been tempted to have
called it the "State Flower," if the
choice had been left to me, instead of
the Escholtzia, or golden orange Cali-
fornia poppy — the gorgeous flower of
hill and plain. Though the latter is
plentiful in patches, it is not to be
found everywhere about as the alfilarela
is. Well, long may they both wave.
Here, in passing, I may mention that
the California poppy is visited by the
bees; it is a veritable store-house for
pollen. I never saw any nectar in its
gorgeous chalice-like flowers.

Honey as a Health-Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," -written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-oent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for §1.25;
350 for $2.25; 600 for $4,00; or 1000 for 17.50.
Tour business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

May 2, 1907

373

American liee Journal

)>=.^ga^ J

No.3-Things to Do, and Why

Management During the Harvest-
Value of Early Nuclei

BY R. C. AIKIN.

Having told liovv to manage to obtain
the largest number of bees ready for
the harvest, also how to control swarm-
ing to the same time, next is the man-
agement during the flow. It is one thing
to handle our bees previous to the har-
vest, but quite a different thing dur-
ing the harvest flow and in the natu-
ral-swarm season when we have the
greatest number of factors to contend
with.

But the management depends upon
several things, as whether comb or ex-
tracted is to be produced ; whether the
flow comes in a pile or is strung out
over a considerable period of time;
whether continuous or intermittent; and
whether there is a second or later har-
vest season. That is, there are several
things to consider, but they must be
taken into account, and yet I have not
enumerated all the things to be remem-
bered.

Here we have but little gathering of
anything up to about June 15, when the
first crop of alfalfa begins to yield;
this is expected to last from 2 to 3
weeks. Following this comes sweet
clover, and the second crop of alfalfa,
though I seldom get much out of the
latter. Sometimes there is a gap of a
week or 10 days between these flows
when only a dribbling flow comes in
which will not do anything toward
super-work, and sometimes because of
varying conditions of weather and sea-
son the two flows meet, or nearly so.
This second flow is likely to be the best
of the two, and the one that will give
us the most surplus, so I must plan to
have a good force of bees to work it.

The first flow coming in during the
last half of June the brood-combs will
be heavily loaded with honey to the ex-
clusion of brood. Eggs laid during this
time — last half of June and first half
of July — are the August workers, and as
my flow from sweet clover lasts usually
till August 20 to 25, I mu-t keep the
queens doing business the full limit dur-
ing the first flow.-

It often happens that the first flow is
so light and tedious that the tendency
is very much intensified to clog the
brood-combs to the exclusion of brood,
thus cutting off my supply of fielders for
the sweet clover, the last of July and
most of -\ugust. This late flow is likely
to last from 3 to 4 we_eks. A slow
flow is worse to crowd out the queen
than a quick one. Such also intensifies

the swarming fever. A rapid, sharp flow
in which the colony will fill all empty
comb in the brood-chamber and put up
from onc*to 3, and even 4 or more su-
pers, often so takes up the energies of
the colony that they seem to forget about
swarming — they are 00 busy, and there
is such a rush of wax-work and comb-
building that there is little chance for
swarming. But we cannot depend upon
this, for sometimes a colony will get so
excited with a sudden rush of honey
that they will swarm even without wait-
ing to build cells. It's the excitement,
and they rush around and do many
peculiar things.

Those colonies that were made 2-story
before the flow came must now imme-
diately be reduced to one chamber for
the brood, and super-room given — one,
two or more supers as the strength of
the colony and flow demands. If you
are to have but this one flow, with a
dearth to follow, then it matters little
about breeding, so give your whole at-
tention to making the most of the flow.
The queen may be caged, or what is
better, take her away with the cham-
ber that has the least of brood and
honey in it, and let the other chamber
with its honey and brood remain on
the old stand ; but be sure there are no
queen-cells in it. The other hive put
on a new stand with the queen, being
robbed of fielders will not swarm;
those on the old stand cannot for
lack of a queen until they have
reared one. Ten days later — or be-
tween the eighth and eleventh days — go
through the old colony and cut out all
but one of the best cells, and in leaving
a cell choose not the ripest but one less
matured; the riper ones were from older
larvae, and may not be so good.

The foregoing plan puts all the super-
work on the old stand where you have
no queen, and you can rest as easy as
an old shoe, for all you have to do is
to cut out those cells save one, and
manipulate supers to get best results.
In adding supers, unless you are confi-
dent that the fresh one will surely be
filled better, put it on top of the others
until they arc tilled. When a super is
filled so that all that remains to do is
some sealing anil tinishing, then it should
be over the freilt one; but up to that
time the colony --hould be made to work
up through the imfinished ones to reach
the new one. If you raise a super too
soon the finish will be much poorer, and
the weight scant ; you may even fail to
get anything finished.

When the young queen gets to laying
in the old colony, if at this time there is
still nectar coming in, even though but
slowly, super-work will go on, for the
honey will be moved up from the brood-

chamber to make room for the brood-
nest below. H, however, your honey
season is .ill over, you have made a
hundred percent increase, and it remains
for you to .irrange that matter to suit
your notion. If no increase is wanted,
lift the old hive at the old stand, and
set on the chamber that was set aside
earlier, and put on top of it the old
colony with the new queen, making a
2-story colony for winter, the operation
to be repeated the next year. Hunt out
and kill the old queen before uniting,
or make whatever use of her you wish.

But some of the young queens will
fail at mating time, and so there will
be some of the old ones queenless; in
such cases leave the old queen with
her colony when uniting. If you adopt
the plan of doubling back, of course you
should not take the old queen far away
at the time of dividing — keep her near
enough to facilitate the uniting. One
ought, however, to make some increase,
for there are always some losses to re-
place. If increase is wanted, do not
unite.

But suppose j-ou have a second flow,
or even a long-continued flow. In either
case this management is good — I call it
the most up-to-date, profitable plan. The
old queen being put off aside from the
old stand, and having few fielders, will
get a chance to lay unmolested; she
will get double, quadruple, or more,
brood than if left on the old stand with
a horde of fielders chucking in nectar.
It will not be long until she not only
has a hive full of brood, but the brood
taken with her and hatching out makes
a strong colony. For your late flow
these old queens on the new stand can
be given supers and they will surely
surprise you with the amount of honey
they put up, and that with little or no
swarming. My estimate is that w-here
other management will give a so-pound
surplus this will give a 75-pound one.

In the production of extracted honey
these principles may be applied by other
plans, as by tiering up all on the old
stand ; but even for extracted it is best
to separate, giving the old qiteen a new
stand )■/ there he a later ftozv. Even if
that later flow be but a light or slow
one, if there is anything to be gathered
a large force will get more than a small
one.

I spoke in a previous article of mak-
ing early nuclei where conditions were
such that one could do it. If you have
done so. and had queens laying with
the beginning of the flow-, I want to tell
you that such colonies will build more
comb and gather more honey in pro-
portion to the number of bees engaged
in the work than any other condition.
More than this, these make the very
best of colonies for winter. Then, too,
if there be an August or September flow
they often put up quite a little surplus,
and no bother about swarming. This
nucleus plan is the very best way to
make one's increase, counting on these
for the permanent stock, in the main:
this leaves you free to make the most
of the old colonies for honey. A col-
ony worked hard for honey is not so
good for winter — better depend upon the
old ones for honey, sacrificing many of
them entire for the crop, and replace
them with these nuclei.

374

May 2, 1907

American ^ae Journal

iklany of our apiarists recommend
methods of management that will do
away with increase, preferring to have
just so many colonies, and no more.
No doubt in many cases that is a very
desirable thing, in some ways, yet I
doubt if it is profitable except in very
few cases — that is, the most profitable.
I believe a little more invested in sup-
plies, and some increase made tempor-
arily, will prove more profitable both in
the amount of honey obtained and in
facilitating management. It has always
been my contention that the apiarist
must be the master to the extent of
controlling swarming, and making in-
crease, when he was ready; that those
who allow natural swarming are always
at a disadvantage. Dividing for increase
can be made just as much of a success
as natural swarming, so far as the ques-
tion of getting colonies is concerned;
and it can be made much more satisfac-
tory in that you do really become mas-
ter, and fix things as you want them.
You cannot make the seasons to insure
a proper filling of the hives with stores,
no matter what method of increase is
used, but you can make the increase
yourself, and when and how you want
it, being in control yourself, and not
driven about at the caH of a swarm
that you never know its time. The mat-
ing and time of casting young in almost
every other of domestic animals we con-
trol; why not in the bee-family?

Have a few extra hives for increase.
These hives do not represent any great
outlay to start with, and once the in-
vestment is made it is permanent, and
needs no addition for many years to
come. But on the other hand, if you
■try to get along with just the scantiest
stock of supplies, you add cost in the
matter of labor which is a continual ex-
pense, year by year, until you have soon
paid out the value of all necessary hives
several times over.

A few bees taken from each strong
colony and made into a nucleus before
your main flow will not materially in-
jure the parent colony, and this nucleus
may be made into the very best colony
for winter. Those old ones run hard
for honey, often come to the fall in
a weakened condition ; that is, the brood-
nest is so clogged with honey that but
few bees can be reared, and the colony
goes into winter with too few young
bees. In natural conditions it often
happens that many colonies perish in
winter just because of this condition.
Let me illustrate by an experience :

Once a neighbor asked me to come
and see what was the matter with a
colony of bees he had. The hive was
heavy and yet the colony seemed weak
and would not swarm. I found the hive
simply full of honey, bur-combs built,
and every possible place filled with
honey, and just a few square inches of
brood in two little spots in the 2 center
combs, and this at midsummer, too.
That colony had no place to breed and
would have been a weak colony through-
out the season so far as sufficient forces
for honey-storing were concerned — could
never by the most possible coaxing been
induced to work in a super.

You want honey ; and when you have
reared the massive colonies, and the har-
vest time has arrived, work those bees

for honey ; work them all they are
worth, centralizing their efforts for that
one thing — honey. In our factories men
are made to stick to one thing, on the
principle that it is more profitable to
have a specialist for this and another
for that, because a jack-of-all-trades is
master of none. This principle is just
as true of a colony of bees. The man
who tries to make every colony store
some surplus, and every one do its
share of all the other things that bees
can and are supposed to do, is making
each and every one a jack-of-all and
master of none, and does so at a finan-
cial loss.

Select those colonies that are to store
your honey, and make that their special-
ty, that you may get all there is to be
had in surplus, and in the best possible
shape, even taking almost their entire
stores for surplus by some method of
contraction or other route, even to the
extermination of the colony, if need be.
Make other colonies work for those
colonies that are to be your next year's
working colonies.

Loveland, Colo.

No. 4— Feeding and Feeders
—Hive-Body Feeding

BY C. P. DADANT

Feeding in the body of the hive is
practiced in several ways. Some apiar-
ists lift out 2 or 3 body-frames, that con-
tain only the dry comb, and pour liquid
food into the cells. At first sight this
might be considered as the easiest way
of feeding, until one has given it a
trial. You very quickly ascertain that
this pouring of a liquid into the cells
is not as practicable as might be im-
agined. Even clear water is put into
the cells with difficulty, because of the
small size of the cells. The capillary
attraction that holds the drops together
causes the liquid to cover the tops of
the cells instead of soaking into them.
But a certain quantity liquid food may
be inserted in the cells with careful
pouring and some jarring. This method
will never be much practiced, because
in addition to the trouble it gives in
getting the liquid down into the cells,
it necessitates the opening of the hive
twice — first to get the combs, and after-
wards to insert them back in the hive.
During these manipulations there is loss
of heat and danger of robbing. The
manipulation may be reduced to a single
opening of the colony if we have spare
combs in sufficient quantity before the
feeding is begun, for we then are enabled
simply to make the exchange of a comb
of feed for one dry comb removed.

The supplying of heavy combs of
honey from over-fat colonies to the
needy ones, by exchange, is a good prac-
tice. But as these combs of honey are
usually sealed, if w'e wish to incite
breeding, it will be well to uncap a part
of the cells, for bees are very parsim-
onious when it becomes necessary to un-
cap honey. They seem unwilling to
do so, and do it probably with as much
regret as the provident housekeeper
who finds herself compelled to remove
her last jar of fruit-preserves out of the
cellar for use, when several montlis are

yet to elapse before a supply of fresh
fruit may be obtained for the table,
which she has been regularly supplying.

Some European apiarists use an out-
side feeder which reaches the brood-
chamber through a hole made opposite
the center of the brood at about the
middle of the height of the brood-cham-
ber. This has the advantage over the
bottom-feeder that it is in much closer
proximity to the brood, and on a level
with it, so that even in unpleasant
weather the bees may visit it. The
only objection is the hole which has to
be bored through the outer wall to con-
nect the body with this food supply.

A very good body-feeder is the Doo-
little feeder. It consists of a, frame made
the exact size of the brood-frames,
though sometimes a little wider, and
enclosed on both sides by thin boards
which change the frame into a deep box,
with openings at the top. The feed is
poured into this, and the frame is in-
serted at the most convenient part of
the brood-chamber. The lumber used
must be rough on the inside, so that the
bees may readily climb in and out. Even
with this help they sometimes have dif-
ficulty in climbing out, and we have
found it necessary to place a float on
the feed that is given, so the hurrying
bees may not drown in it and find their
numbers diminished by the very thing
which js intended to help increase the
colony.

A thin slat, or a couple of cleats,
nailed together so the bees may crawl
between them at will, should be dropped
into this feeder. Some careful apiarists
drive two tacks at each end of the un-
derside of this float, so that it may be
held ofif the bottom when the feeder is
emptied by the bees. In this way the lit-
tle workers are enabled to suck up the
very last drop of liquid, from under the
floa't.

The life of our bees is of the utmost
importance at all times, but it is the
more so at the time of breeding, when
all the efforts of the colony are turned
towards obtaining the means of rearing
large quantities of brood. To be sure,
the importance of warmth in the brood-
nest is greater in some seasons than in
others, for there are seasons when the
colony comes out of winter with a
strong force, while in others it has to
struggle for weeks before it recuperates
its winter losses. But we may set it
down as a rule that food must be given
in a way that will cause neither loss of
bees nor loss of heat. In seasons when
the colony is strong at the opening of
spring, feeding is rarely necessary, and
seldom practiced. Therefore, when we
find it advisable to feed, the conditions
of warmth and economy of life are im-
perative and indispensable to success.

Hamilton, 111.

A *'Badger" Bee-Keeper in
Texas

BY C. .\. HATCH.

It would be presumption on my part
even to say that I know much about
bee-keeping in Texas, for I have spent
only a few months here and have had
onlv one colonv of bees to take obser-

May 2, 1907

375

II -^^^-c^^^M American ^gc Joarnal

vations from. But in the same way that
a mariner may study the chart to learn
where the rocks and shoals are before
going on shipboard to put his knowledge
to actual use, so I may look for the
rocks and shoals of bee-keeping here in
the most southern part of Untie Sam's
domain. To any one at the North as
he sits before the grate of glowing coals
on some zero day and reads of the flow-
ers and 8o-degree weather here, it seems
as if there is the bee-man's paradise;
but the All-wise Creator gave us the
law of compensation, by which no part
of His children can have any great ad-
vantage over another, for what is gained
in one way is made up in loss elsewhere.
As far as flora goes, this country is
nearly all that could be desired — thous-
ands of acres of mesquite, catclaw, chap-
paral, and prickly pear, and no bees.
But tills is a land of drouths and ex-
cessive rainfall; the heat of summer
close onto the cold of winter; and it
there is any country that can show more
insects of the pestiferous kind, it has
not been my lot to learn of it.

The Southern Seasons.

The seasons are so variable here that
a bee-keeper would be put to his wits
to know whether to encourage breeding
or to withhold stimulating. When I
tell you that the season this year is al-
most 6 weeks earlier than last year, you
may appreciate the situation. Suppose
an apiarist starts his bees on a last
year's season, he would bring them up
to full strength 6 weeks too late. And
how are we to know this in ad-
vance? And how are we to prepare
for one of those fierce "northers" when
the thermometer falls from 8o degrees
above down to almost freezing in 2
hours? How would such a change af-
fect a hive full of young larvae? One
thing is sure, the queen has to commence
operations much sooner than at North,
with the mesquite in bloom in March.
February 1st would not be too soon
for "her majesty" to be doing her
best, and I am told that February is
usually the coldest month of the year
here.

Ants the Worst.

Of all the insect pests I ever had any
experience with, this one, lauded by
Solomon, is the worst. "Take the wings
of the morning" and go anywhere you
will, the ant is there before you, and
ready for business; not only one variety,
but many — and all of them are stingers.
Even little ones, almost microscopic, can
pierce our tough skin and inflict a pain-
ful wound. If there is any kind of
food they are not fond of from sour
to sweet, salt to bitter, greasy or other-
wise, it has not been shown to this de-
ponent. The only way food can be
kept from them is to put it on tables
whose legs stand in cans of water, and
woe unto you if a chair, a cloth, or
any other thing can be turned into a
bridge by them. They are seemingly
always there and ready to take advant-
age of it. The only way one can be sure
of his bees is to isolate each hive by
standing it on legs surrounded by
water.

The ant worst to fight is almost too
small to notice, yet he is a terror. Not
that he cares much for honey, although

he will take it if nothing better others;
but he goes riglit into the hive and drags
out the young l.irva:. One man near
here started with 5 or 6 colonies and
these little fellows destroyed them all,
but left the hone>-. What can the poor
bees do with anything so small that one
of their feet would cover — too small to
sting and too quick to bite, and in a
stinging contest 1 am not sure but the
ant would come out the best?

Ants , are the greatest menace to
horticulture as well as bee-culture. One
species called "trimmers" works at night,
but they arc e.isicr to exterminate than
the small Aics, fur their nests are easily
found, and boilin;,: water or "High Life"
will soon fix them ; whereas to exter-

minate the small ones would mean to
treat the whole landscape, for their
name is legi')ii, and they are loo small
to fight by .such an awkward animal as
man.

But in si)ite of ants, weather, and
all other adverse conditions, bees do
thrive in Texas, and the wide-awake
bee-keeper gets his reward, so if any
reader thinks of going to a warmer
country and taking his bees along, I
would be only too happy to help him to
locate in a good territory.

C. A. Hatch.

Nueces Co., Tex., April 4.

[Mr. Hatch spent the past winter in
Texas, but is now again in his Wiscon-
sin home. — Editor.]

^^

Convention
Proceed inds

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held In San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

(Contiaued from page 3£8 )

Mr. France — I dislike being the first
to speak on a paper of so much value,
which has covered a vast amount of
ground; it is something that I hope,
when you get the Report, you may study
by sections. I have repeatedly asked
for something of this nature to be done,
as is expected to be done here on Mon-
day, and I hope all will try to attend.
The subject of bee-diseases will be
nicely presented. I don't know that
there is any definite part that I care
to take up personally in discussing. It
seems to me that Dr. Phillips has cov-
ered the ground.

Mr. Victor — I would like to ask if
they have ever discovered that bees
hear?

Dr. Phillips — I do know that bees are
very sensitive, but I don't know abso-
lutely if they hear.

Dr. Bohrer — I was once driving nails
5 or 6 feet from a hive of bees, and the
first thing I knew I was covered with
bees, and they must have gotten the vi-
bration from the ground.

Mr. Rouse — Why does a swarm in the
air attract other swarms?

Dr. Phillips — Bees secrete a light-col-
ored fluid in swarming, and by this they
attract each other: there is a very strong
odor in the air, and the bees can smell
it.

Mr. Rouse — Can they smell?

Dr. Phillips — There is no doubt that
they smell.

Mr. Anderson — There is one point
that meets with my convictions, and that
is the improvement of stock we were
discussing here yesterday — whether bees
could be imprix'ii — and I believe they
can in all the flifferent strains.

J. Q. Smith — If bees can not hear,
why do queens pipe, and upon their pip-
ing the other queens answer? The pip-
ings are of different sounds. The first
queen has a clear sound, and the one
about to get out of the cell has a coarser
voice.

Mr. Stone — I can not be made to be-
lieve that bees can not hear. Why can't
they hear as well with some of their or-
gans as we do with our teeth?

Dr. Phillips — We don't hear with our
teeth.

Mr. Stone — Some ladies and a little
girl were traveling on the train with
me. The little girl asked if bees could
hear with their ears, and I said they
had no ears. She said they hear "just
the same as I do with my teeth;" and
the mother of the little girl said that she
knew of people that held their mouths
open to hear better.

Mr. Rouse — I have worked in steam
mills and if I wanted to know that the
piston was working properly I would
put a stick on the cylinder end, then on
my teeth, and I could hear very dis-
tinctly. I don't know what caused it.

Mr. Holekamp — I don't know whether
it is worth while to talk about this much
more. I certainly can hear from the in-
side of my mouth much better than on
the outside.

Dr. Bohrer — There is one thing that I
wish to speak of that was mentioned
last night. Dr. Phillips did not hear
it ; he is in charge of the Government
Apiaries at Washington, and through
him a number of queens were sent out
to be tested. I don't think that we can
recommend to him too strongly the mat-
ter of refusing to give any man a queen
to test her and her progeny, unless
those bees are sufficiently isolated from
other bees. I would just say, "My dear
sir, I will give you a queen, but you
must separate your bees 12 to 15 miles,
the farther the better." There is dan-

May 2, 1907

American He^ Journal

ger 12 miles, but I don't know about 15.
We have had our Italian bees injured
by the introduction of Cyprian blood.
If these bees can be placed in the hands
of careful men, that is all right. I am
sorry Italian bees in different localities
have not been improved. Forty years
ago I found the bees better disposi-
tioned than to-day. In the State of In-
diana I could open a hive without a pro-
tection on my face, but I don't find it
so in the State of Kansas where I live.
I never go to a hive without my face
and hands well protected. I wanted to
speak of this to the Doctor, for I know
there is harm being done by not hav-
ing the bees sufficiently apart from each
other.

Dr. Phillips — Perhaps I would bet-
ter e.xplain it, since the Doctor has taken
e.xception. In the first place the Bureau
of Entomology is the only organization
that is improving bees, and we are the
only people that import Caucasian
queens. I do know that what we have
sent out are good, reliable Caucasian
queens. As to putting them in isolated
places, it is absolutely impossible. Any
person that has tried knows that it is
absolutely impossible to find places 20
miles apart to keep queens. I was asked
to do something that I can not do ;
neither can I go to see every man that
writes for queens. We can not send to
people w^ho are good queen-rearers. The
distribution of queens has been stopped,
and will be for all time, if I have my
say about it. I don't think the Bureau
has any business giving away queens,
and I have recommended that it be
stopped.

W. H. Laws — I want to thank Dr.
Bohrer for his painstaking advice to the
queen-breeders ; we need the older
heads to keep us straight. The Carnio-
lans, Holy Lands and Cyprians have
been imported and spread broadcast
over the country, and I think that some
of these races I have named have creat-
ed more injury than the Caucasian race,
and in some cases they have proven
very valuable.

Dr. Bohrer — I want to make one more
suggestion, and that is to secure some
place like Kelly's Island.

Mr. Stone — As far as I am concerned,
I don't feel any danger in. the introduc-
tion of this bee, or any other kind of
bee. I feel toward them like I do to-
ward my farm crops. "When I intro-
duce a particular kind of potato or
grain of any kind I think of them just
like my bees. If I have introduced
Italian bees and they are better they
will eventually run out the others that
are no good; they will eventually come
to the top, just like oil will come to the
top of water.

Mr. Anderson — I have received queens
from Dr. Phillips, and I have one queen
that Dr. Phillips sent me that I would
not take $50 for today. I don't con-
sider this stock would injure the Ital-
ians.

Next Place of Meeting.

Pres. Dadant — It is customary for
those, who wish to have the place of
meeting selected for next year, to make
a proposal of the place, which is passed
on afterwards by the Executive Com-
mittee. There has already been a place

proposed, not only for next meeting, but
for the following meeting, and I would
like to hear from you. Our General
Manager has some correspondence on
the subject.

Mr. France — The bee-keepers, espec-
ially the members of our Association,
feel that the cost is great, but the good
they get is great, and they would like
to see this convention moved about.
Invitations to different places have
come in. We had to drop the invita-
tion from Minnesota and come to Texas
this year. Minnesota has renewed her
invitation for the future. There will
be at Jamestown, Va., next summer,
and continue until the early fall, an
anniversary of the Jamestown Settle-
ment, and there are here letters from
the Pennsylvania bee-keepers and their
neighbors, that we meet at one of those
respective places. Then there is also
one from Michigan ; they feel that that
part of the United States is entitled to
the next meeting.

Pres. Dadant — I would like to hear
from the bee-keepers, if they have a
place selected. The meetings have been
held west of the Tilississippi River, and
it is time we were going East.

Mr. Coggshall — I would suggest that
we go to Virginia. I think that would
be a good place. We have come West
a number of times, and we would like
to moet in the East.

Mr. Holekamp — It seems that the
Jamestown people's invitation should lie
accepted.

Dr. Bohrer — I don't know; there are
a good many bee-keepers in Virginia,
and a good many in Pennsylvania, and a
good many in New York, and they
should be favored with a meeting of this
kind. I don't think this would be a
discredit to the bee-keepers there, nor
we a discredit to them. I have never
been in Jamestown, Va., and I think
we could have a whole lot of fun there.
I attend these meetings for the fun,
and I have had a good deal of it here.

Mr. York — All we can do is to recom-

mend that the places be considered by
the Committee.

Pres. Dadant — I want to impress upon
your minds that it is important that
we should go where there are bee-keep-
ers, and if they are not in numbers it
will make a poor meeting. Now the
Norfolk, Va., people want us there, be-
cause they want us to see the town.
If these bee-keepers want us, it is all
right.

Mr. Holekamp — Would it not be bet-
ter to let this be undecided, and give it
a little more time? Maybe those Min-
neapolis people would come in and in-
vite us there.

Mr. York— I don't think that we
should consider an invitation from the
West for next year; we should go East,
as Mr. Coggshall says.

Mr. Coggshall^You might come to
Philadelphia or Harrisburg.

Mr. France — This will finally have to
be left with the Executive Board. Your
suggestions are good, but, remember,
we can not decide here. This meeting
was to have been held here last year,
but when the cry of j'ellow fever broke
out in the South it seemed best to meet
elsewhere. I doubt very much if the
meeting will be held at Jamestown. On
account of excursion rates some of the
larger cities will obtain the meeting,
but I am in favor of the meeting being
held in the East.

Mr. Victor — I think this Association
should mfiet East of the Mississippi
River, and that it be left to the discre-
tion of the E.xecutive Committee, with-
out recommending any special place, ex-
cept to meet east of the Mississippi
River.

President — Have we a second for the
motion?

Mr. Coggshall — I second the motion.

Pres. Dadant — It is the sentiment of
this meeting that when you vote, that
we desire the meeting held east of the
Mississippi River. The motion is car-
ried.

(Continued next week.)

*^

locforMilleri(f^

tuestioit;B$)c

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Introducing Queens- Building Up
Colonies

1. I have 2 colonies that have no
queens, so I am going to send for some.
How shall I introduce them? I have
just started in bee-keeping.

2. My colonies are very light. How
can I get them strong? Minnesota.

Answers. — i. In probably all cases,

those who ship queens send with them
instructions for introducing, and }-ou are
expected to follow those instructions.
Generally they are that you are to put
the cage in the hive, between the frames
or over the top-bars, where they will
be sure to be well surrounded. The old
queen is to be removed at the time the
new one is to be put in, and the bees
are to eat the candy to liberate the
queen. Some prefer to have the new

May 2, 1907

377

Amc»rican Hee Journal

queen in the hive 2 or 3 days before
the old one is removed, accurding to
the advising of Rev. E. T. Abbott, the
bees not being allowed to get at the
candy till the old queen is removed.

2. That's a good deal like saying, ".My
calf is very small, tell mc how to make it
big." Of course, you're to let the calf
have all it can eat and let it grow. .'\nd
you're to let a weak colony have all it
can eat and let it grow. Be sure that
in each hive there is all the honey the
bees need — and more. In that respect
the colony is different from the calf;
if you feed the calf more than it can
eat, the food will be wasted, and you
may hurt the calf by overfeeding. Tlie
bees will not waste any extra feed given
them, and they will build up faster with
a good lot of honey in sight than if they
have only enough to keep them going
from day to day. Of course, you must
not do anything to make the bees cold,
such as leaving a cover loose or making
too large an entrance. You might try
the Ale.xandcr plan of putting a very
weak colony over a very strong one,
doing the work quietly so as not to
stir up the bees, and having an ex-
cluder between the 2 colonies; but if
you have no strong colonies you can't
do that.

Queen-Excluders and Comb Honey
Production

1. Is it really necessary to put a honey-
board between the brood-frames of the
newly-hived swarm and the super of
partly-filled sections taken from the old
colony ?

2. Is it usual for the queen to go up-
into the super to lay unless she is pre-
vented by the use of a honey-board?

New York.

Answers. — i. If the super is put over
the swarm immediately after it is hived,
there is danger that the queen will go
up into the super unless a queen-ex-
cluder— or a honey-board, as you call
it — is used. But there is no need to put
the super on so soon. Let it remain
on the old hive until a brood-nest has
been established in the brood-chamber,
and then put it on. So the general prac-
tice is to put the super over the swarm
2 or 3 days after the swarm has been
hived.

2. Some have trouble with fhe queen
going up. and some have no trouble.
If sections have starters only, and there
is little or no drone-comb in the brood-
chamber, the bees will build drone-
comb in the sections and the queen will
lay in them ; and when she has made a
start there she will not stop with the
drone-comb but will fVU the sections. For
many years I have produced sections
without queen-excluders, and not one
section in a thousand is troubled with
brood ; but the sections have been en-
tirely filled with foundation.

Curing Rheumatism with Bee-Stings

A lady in my neighborhod has had
rheumatism in the ankle of her right
foot for several years. She has tried
manv remedies, and all failed. I ad-

tricd it twice, each lime 15 bees stinging
about the ankle. The first time I ap-
plied the bees. The stings relieved her,
but later she got very sick, although
a week later she .isked me to try again,
with worse results. She thinks the bee-
stings would cure her rheumatism, but
is afraid they might poison her system.

I had inflaiTimatory rheumatism for
4 months in my left leg, and after a
doctor gave up, 15 bec-stings cured me
with one operation. Would you advise
us to keep on with only a few bees at a
time? PEN^SYLVANIA.

.•\ns\ver.— ^i'es, I would try it again
with a smaller number, repeating the
operation many times at intervals of a
day or more. I don't believe she need
be afraid of the poison in her system.
Thousands of bee-keepers have been'
stung enough to show bad effects if
there were anj-, but tTicy're a pretty
healthy lot.

Danzenbaker Hive and System

1. Is the Danzenbaker hive as good
as any for comb honey?

2. I have a small book, "The Danzen-
baker Hive System." Is it safe to fol-
low?

3. Are the Danzenbaker brood-frames
deep enough for bees to winter well?

Answers. — i. Some are enthusiastic
over it; some condemn it severely. Af-
ter a limited experience with it, I still
prefer the regular 8-frame dovetailed
hive.

2. If I am not mistaken, that booklet
was written by the inventor of the hive,
and so should be exactly adapted to it.

3. Yes. except in the colder regions
of the North it is all right for outdoor
wintering, and in the colder places cel-
lars are used anyhow. Even in the cold-
est localities, for outdoor wintering one
could use 2 stories for very strong colo-
nies, and that would make it a deep
hive.

Questions on Topics Found In '
Years Among the Bees'

Forty

I have read your "Forty Years Among
the Bees," and re-read parts of it sev-
eral times, especially on queen-rearing,
and may have to read it several times
inore before I become an expert. I
have taken some notes as I went along
and may have to ask you some ques-
tions; not however, with a view of in-
timating that my waj' is better than
yours, but merely to get your opinion of
mine.

1. You speak of tags on your hives.
I have my hives numbered. Will not
this take the place of tags? Or, do you
change the tags every year?

2. In regard to depending upon
clipped queens for out-apiaries, if the
clipped queen is lost when she comes
out, and the swarm returns, will they
not swarm again when the first young
queen is hatched"^

3. In speaking of self-spacing frames
by nails, I have used them but thought
that too tinkering-. You object to side
frame-spacing, alleging that the frames
will become so glued up that they will
not occupy the same space again. I

don't care if they don't. I don't gen-
erally use a dummy the second time,
and allow the frames to spread a little
after the frames are built, thinking the
bees will not draw out the cells any
after they are once finished. Am I
right?

4. You speak of wetting sections be-
fore putting them together. I never
found that necessary. I keep mine in
the cellar and find them damp enough.

5. On page 168, "Giving a nucleus to a
swarm," etc., what advantage is there
over giving a hive with frames of
foundation, or starters, with its own
queen?

6. You seem to take frames out of a
hive and put them into another to clean
my hives and lift them off the bottom-
board. Is not this preferable?

7. Page 237. Having your breeding-
queen in a 2-frame nucleus, you take
away one of the combs and put in its
place a frame with 2 small starters (Fig.
86). A week later you will have a
comb built in it well filled with eggs
(Fig. 88). This is then taken away
and another of the same kind given,
and this will furnish such an egg-filled
frame once a week. Then for every
such a one taken away, I must make a
colony queenless. Having 2 of this kind
in 2 queenless colonies, you clip off a
little of the outside of these ; why is
this? I thought the younger the brood,
the better the queens.

8. As I understand, you now place
these hives back to back. How is this
one frame a week older than the other?
'lo get them back, I must lift them
from their stands and take them to a
new place. Won't they incline to go
back to their old stands? And as they
have been used to come in from the
same direction, won't they go into the
hive that is set in that direction? Of
course they will be conscious of their
queenlessness as I made them so to re-
ceive these frames. Now, am I not
getting two plans mixed? When I have
got my prepared comb into a queenless
colony, what more do I need? It strikes
me that is where you want to rear
queens by the quantity.

g. I tried making nuclei in one hive,
but the bees all wanted to come in from
the one side.

10. In making 2 or more nuclei in one
hive, is it necessarj' that there be no
passage from one apartment to the other
by the workers, either at top or bot-
tom?

11. I have always been at a loss to
know how to keep queens when I have
them reared till I wanted them. If a
queen is caged, is it necessary that there
be worker-bees with her, or if her cage
is between combs will outside bees feed
her?

12. I believe you told me once that
you caught the worker-bees one at a
time and put them into the cage with
the queen. Is there a particular way to
take hold of a worker to avoid getting
a sting?

13. You use splints in fastening
foundation in frames. Where do you
get them?

14. You give directions for making
cages to protect queen-cells. Did you
ever use the spiral queen-cell protec-

378

May 2, 1907

Amarican ^^e Journal

tors? I suppose you have seen them.
Are they not a success?

15. There is a man Hving in this city
who says he kept bees in Ohio }-ears
ago. and that he had hundreds of queens
fertilized in confinement, and he told
me how he did it. It is very simple. He
used a barrel; took one head out of it;
then had that covered with something
that would not admit light. Then he
made a hole in the other end about 3
inches in diameter and covered it with
a glass on the inside. Then he made
another hole near this large enough to
introduce the queen and drones. Then
he stopped this up. The queen and
drones would collect at this glass. The
other end was covered by glass. The
covering of this glass was quickly re-
moved and in the dash for this light the
drone would meet the queen. Before
the large glass was uncovered the small
one was darkened. I told him fertiliza-
tion in confinement was talked of 40
years ago, but was abandoned to-day as
impracticable, but he claimed it had
been practicable with him. He is not
in the business now, but is a practising
physician. Iowa.

Answers. — It is perhaps not to be re-
gretted that bee-keepers do not all think
alike. If a beginner should take for
his model the best bee-keeper in the
world and blindly follow in his foot-
steps, he would not come out so well as
to do some thinking for himself. Even
a beginner, too, may sometimes think
up something that, at least for his con-
ditions, may be an improvement over the
plans of the veterans, and I feel pretty
sure that from a man of your experi-
ence I could learn something, even if it
is worth while for you to ask ques-
tions.

1. It depends something upon plans
whether it is better to have numbers
on hives permanent or movable. If
each hive is to keep the same location
always, it is better to have the num-
bers painted on the hives. But that sort
of numbering wouldn't suit my' plans
very well. The hive that stands at the
beginning of the first row m the home
apiary is No. i. But I may, for some
reason, change that hive to some other
place, and then the number must be
changed to fit the t'lacc. That, you will
see, makes the changing of numbers a
necessity. This spring, for instance, for
the sake of the drones — because queen-
rearing is done in the home-apiary — I
kept at home any colonies which dis-
tinguished themselves in the out-apiary
last year. The numbers of course had
to be changed, and it is an easy thing
to pull off one tin tag and put on an-
other. If you find no necessity for
changing numbers, }-ou are rather to be
congratulated. For sometimes — indeed
much oftener than is pleasant — tags get
lost ; and sometimes when one is hur-
ried the tags are not changed for some
time when hives are changed. Indeed,
at this present writing, a lot of tags on
my hives have not been changed that
need changing. I'm not proud of it, and
I'm not advising others to be so shift-
less.

2. Almost certainly, if left to them-
selves. It's "up to yfn" to see that thev
don't.

3. I have had a few cases in which
a dummy has been left out at the side,
and the bees lengthened out the cells
until they came within y^ inch of the
hive-wall. Unless your bees are better
trained than mine they are likely to do
the same thing.

4. Yes, I have done the same thing,
and I have also received sections that
needed no wetting when received. If
only 2 or 3 sections in a box should
break, I wouldn't wet them.

5. The plan you mention, which is the
shake - swarm plan, leaves the colony
constantly diminishing in numbers for
21 days, for not a young bee will emerge
till tlie end of that time. The nucleus
I give has at least 2 or 3 frames of
brood, and sometimes can hardly be
called a nucleus, having from 3 to 5
frames of brood. Indeed, in some cases
it is about as strong as the colony re-
moved. Possibly you may say, "If you
leave the old colony in full strength, it
will swarm again. Why will it not
swarm if another colony of equal
strength is put in its place?" I sup-
pose the reason is that a j'oung queen
is present, and the brood is different
from what it was in the colony that had
been swarming. .At any rate I never
had one swarm. (As a postscript I
may add that the new queen has no
swarming fever, and the old one has.)

6. Yes, if bottoms are loose, and you
want to clean off only the bottom. If
you want to clean out rabbets, the other
way is better. Or, if bottoms are stapled
on, it may be easier to change hives than
staples.

7. That "younger the brood the bet-
ter the queen" business may be carried
too far. No better queen can be reared
from an egg just laid than from a larva
a day or 2 old, and the larva has the
advantage that it will be 4 or 5 days
in advance of the freshly-Iaid egg. The
bees seem to understand this, and they
would not start any cells on the edge
of the comb that contains only eggs,
and as that part of the comb is in the
way, I trim it off so the cells will be
started on the edge, where the bees like
it best, and where it suits me best to
cut off cells.

8. Yes, you have tilings somewhat
mixed; I hardlv know why, but it
doesn't matter. I wouldn't advise you
to use that plan unless you are rearing
queens by the hundred, and I'm sorry
I didn't say so in the book. I don't
use it myself when I rear queens only
for my own use, which I have always
done with the exception of one year.
You are quite right; if you get your
prepared queen into a queenless colony
that's all you need, and generally some
colony will be queenless in an apiary of
anv size. If not, you can make any
colony queenless long enough to start
a batch of cells.

9. I hardly know why ynu should have
trouble. If the nucleus-hive is put on
a new stand, and the bees imprisoned
for I to 3 days, each nucleus ought to
mark its own entrance.

10. It is absolutely necessary that no
bee can get through fro.m one side to
the other at top, bottom, or anywhere
else except by going outdoors through
the entrance.

11. Better have no workers in the cage

with her. Sometimes the bees will not
find her, but you can provision the cage
with candy and then the queen is inde-
pendent.

12. Look for a bee with its head in a
cell taking a lunch. It is partly bent so
its wings project in the most convenient
manner, and you can easily take the
wings between thumb and finger. But
unless to ship a queen, I don't know of
any need ever to put workers in a cage.

13. Supply manufacturers make them
to order.

14. The West cell-protectors are all
right.

15. If you have any faith in it, try
it, and then tell the rest of us of your
success.

Queen-Rearing and Swarming

1. Does the plan of opening a hive
shortly before swarming time and de-
stroying the queen-cells necessitate the
devotion of one colony to queen-rearing,
to supply the demand for young laying
queens to be put back 8 days later?
Or can some of the queen-cells taken
from the colony be utilized? If so,
how?

2. Why not, at the time of opening
the hive and removing the old queen,
save one of the best cells that will hatch
in a few days — say 5? Would not this
queen, upon- arriving home from her
mating trip, destroy all queen-cells in
the colony? Would it prevent swarm-
ing? Michigan.

Answer. — Good cells obtained from
anywhere may be utiHzed, of course
keeping in view to obtain them from
best stock. Even if the cells are not ad-
vanced, merely started, they may be put
into an upper story over an excluder on
a hive with a laying queen, and the bees
will care for them. For this purpose a
colony with an old queen is better ; the
best being a failing queen that the bees
arc about to supersede.

I

leporf$ and

Bulk Comb Honey

Having read an article on page 257 on the
"Production of Bulk Comb Honey," I wish to
give my method, as I have practised that
method all my bee-keeping life — 23 years. In
fact, I have sold but little of any other kind
of lioiiey but bulk honey, and my custo-
mers seldom call for any other. One mer-
chant who handles a large part of my crop
told me that the honey I put up in quart and
2-quart glass jars *'did not last till it was all
gone!" All he had to do 'was to put a few
j ars in sight and it went quickly. I fill in
about ^ extracted and the rest nice squares of
white comb, and I get about as much for it as
section honey brings. The receptacles are use-
ful in any family and they pay as much per
pound for the j ars as the honey. The same
is true with tin pails in which I sell a great
deal of honey. I j ust weigh it all to the
customer, and at wholesale the pails cost about
10 cents per pound, and they buy and make
no complaint. There is no need to put in
more than 1-3 comb honey, either. I sell all
my extracted honey that way, except where
extracted is wanted for medicinal or cooking
purposes, or a few buy it for their table use.
But those are mostly old customers who know

May 2, 1907

379

American ^ae Journal

mc, niul arc not afraid of pettiiiK kI'icosi- in-
stead of hdricy. My hoiu-y was all sold liL-fort-
cold vvcatluT last year. And I had calls for
several lnui<lrcd iiouiids after all was sold, and
I never sliiiipcd a pound of it. I find honest
weifilit an<l liuncst K<'ods build up a good local
trade that stays with me. I have customers
who have been buying honey from mc for 15
years.

If I could only produce the honey, I would
have no trouble to sell 5 — yes, 10 times as
much as I do. I cut out alternate combs,
leaving about one inch of the comb on the
top-bar for a starter. I have regular hives
for comb honey, and others wired for ex-
tracted. I use only inch starters for comb
honey when hiviiiR new swarms, but full sheets
wired for extracting hives. D. F. Mahrs.

Lorena, Tex., A|)ril _'.

Mild Winter for Bees

The past winter was a mild one here, re-
sulting in llu- birs' wiiiterint,' (|uite well. Mine
were set out as follows: 70 colonies on March
24; 50 on March jR; and 43 on April 3; mak-
ing i6j colonies in all. A few days later,
I took an inventory and found them in the
following condition : 126 strong colonies; 28
medium ; 5 weak : and 4 dead. This is the
way I estimated them: a strong colony reaches
from 5 to 7 and 8 spaces; a medium colony
reaches from 4 to 5 spaces; a weak colony
reaches from 3 to 4 spaces. The inventory
was taken on cold, frosty mornings when the
bees were in compact clusters.

Frank Stoflet.

Auburndale, Wis., April 1 1.

An Amateur's Sueeess

I am only an amateur in the bee-business,
but was very successful last season, getting
over i.:?oo pounds of nice section comb honey
from 10 colonies with oidy 3 swarms. All have
wintered well on the summer stands, and are
building up nicely now.

I am well pleased with the American Bee
Journal. James So wards.

Pikeville. Ky., April ir.

A Buggy-Spping Hive-Tool

Herewith find description of a good, cheap,
and practicil liivc-tool which can be made of a
wagon or buggy spring. The broken end of a
spring can generally be found at any black-
smithshop. and the thin end can be filed sharp,
or you can get it sharpened for 10 or 15 cents;
have it sharpened as per the illustration here-
with— the thin end sharpened, and one side

b to to mche^ \or\Q.

\9e7

about 2 inches back, to be used as a scraper,
screw-driver or chisel; and the thick edge could
be squared on one edge to use as a hammer
to drive a nail with.

Have it the above shape to scrape out the
corner of a hive, with the sharp, square edges
so the fingers will not strike on the bottom
or side of a hive. Virgil P. Cutler.

Canon City, Colo.

Weil-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Coolc's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook's Square Honey-Jar Is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. T.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only
Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.
17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

g We will Buy and m
Sell i

HONEY I

•^St of the dilTerent grades and kinds,
sis '^ ^"" \ia.ye any to dispose of, or i(
™* you int^id In buy, correspond
with us.

for

We are always in. the market 8^

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

^ Hildreth & Segelken

^» 26s & 267 Greenwich Street

^ NEW YORK, N. Y.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCain,

2Atf

OSWEQO. ILL.

R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

CircHlirs Free.

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, III.

ISAtf Mention Kee Journal when writing.

Italian Queens

I emplov the best skill for breeding- Golden
or dark. Untested, $1.00: Tested, Jl.SO.
ISAlt C. D. BENTON, Akin, N Y.

Queens from lUOO colonies SUppllCS
I sell queens at— 1 queen, 25c; doz., S3. Also
following supplies at J^ Root's prices: 1000
P itl. fences; 1000 plain section-holders; 1000
■1J4X434 plain eeetioTis; Daisy foundation fas-
tener; 10-inch foumiation mill; 200 lO-frame
wood-zincs; 3 doz. Porter escapes; 500 Hoff-
man frames. R. .n. SPEI^KJKR,
4A16t rWordlioO, Cal.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice faomebrfd and im-
ported slock. All QneeoB
leared in full coloaieH.

Prices of Italians In April:

One Tested Queen $1.65

'■ Select Tested Queen 2.20

" Breeder Queen 3.30

" Tested Caucasian. .. 2.C0

Untested in May. Allottaers
ready now from last reason's
rearint;. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. For prices on larger
quaniilifs and description of each grade of
yucenf,»end for KREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

ISAif 204 K. Logan St., Clabinda, Iowa.

TAYLOR'S' STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS T£iE3 BHJST

Long TonBues and Goldens are best of honey-
Ratherers: 18 yrs. a sperlalty. breeaing for best
lioney-i:atlierer.s. Untest<-*d,7r)C. or-f-^a doz.: Tes-ted,
$1. or #111 ji <j<i/,.; Si-leet Tested. ?l..v>. Breeders,
very best, tr im S;{ t'l $-'i. CarnioIaTis .same price. Try
them We alBri sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Safe arrival guaranteed.

I3Al(lt

d. W. TAVLOR & SON

BKEVfLLE, Bee Co.. TEXAS.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested,.?!';
Tested, .*1.'.?5. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.

JOHN W. PMARR, Prop., Berclair, Texas.

12Atf Please mention the Bee Jovraal.

How to Make Moneu Easy

Restock your apiaries with Atchley Queens ;
they do the rest. We breed all of the leading
races in their purity. Untested, .?1 each; f9
per doz. ; §60 per 100. Tested, SI. 50 to $2.50
each; Breeders, $3 to $5 each. 1, 2, and 3
frame Nuclei, and bees by the car-load, our
specialty. Get our prices before you buy. We
manufacture standard bee-supplies cheap.
Catalog free. Will exchange queen-bees or
bee-supplies for honey. Beeswax wanted at
all times. The Bee & Honey Co.
Will Atchlet, Mgr.
llAtf BoxSlS, Beeville, Bee Co., Texas.
Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1348 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

Plea^Q mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Bee= Hives, Sections

WHY BUY OF US?

Remus, Mich., Feb. 25, 1907.
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

JJear Sir : — I use Lewis Sections exclusively ;
there are none better— the only perfect "V"-cut sectioii
that has come to my notice. They fold without moiet-
ening- E. D. Townsexd.

Remus, Mich., Feb. 18, 190".
The Lewis Hive-Bodies are far superior, both in
material and workmanship, to any I ever bought.

As ever yours, E. D. Townsend.

Beeswax Wanted. Advanced Bee- Veil, cord
arrangement. Silk face, SO cents, postpaid.

A. G. WOODMAN CO. ^'^nii?h.''"'^

when irrltlnK.

Mention Bee .Tonmal

May 2, 1907

American "Bee Journal

fe

Queens

The finest in the land from
/ : - f^i Daniel WuBTH & Grant.

#1 3 Banded, Red Clover,

^ \^ ., and 5 Banded (loldens.

The Goldens took First
Premium at every Fair they
were exhibited last year.

Prices :— Untested, .$1.00 each ; Tested, §1.50
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

IJg*' Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork. Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6ESt

Bt>e-Muppli<^« and Herri -Koxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
together, send me list of goods wanted, and let nje
quote you prices, I give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send f<tr Catalog.

bEtf W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Mention Bee Journal when vrritlns.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting' to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D. SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, Hich.

2SEtf Please mention the Bee Journal.

29 Years Means QUEEN Quality

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year,
like last, and 2S0 to the colony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. Every queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tells
of Italian and Caucasian.

SEtf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich

Mention Bee Jonrnal Tyhea ^rrltlng.

Established 1847.

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BY

Washington Farmer Publishing Co.

Capital Stock, $100,000. (Incorporated)

NORTH YAKIMA, WASH.

Subscription, per year, .?1.G0. General cir-
culation among three million people west of
St. Paul and north of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Most elegant
descriptive Magazine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America. 14Ctf

Ohio and VVest Virginia
Bee-Keepers

Save freight and time by ordering
Root's Goods from me. Catalog
free.
E. W. PIERCE, Zanesville, O.

Mention Bee Journnl n-tien nrittnE:.

BAENES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. Parent, of
* Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cat with one of joor Com-
' biued Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 hooey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a ereat deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
TOti say it will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

<< It Is coutlnttous advertising
that impresses tlie public
with the stability of a firm."

SEE THIS!

The Modern Farmer S .25

Gleanings in Bee-Culture 1.00

Inland Poultry Journal 50

Kimball's Dairy Farmer 50

§2.25

OUR PRICE $1.10

Better do it now.

Ask for other combinations. We can du-
plicate any offer made, and frequently go
them one better.

Modern Farmer and Busy Bee

ST. JOSEPH, MO.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlng.

In Its Thirtieth Year

TUB RuraTGailtornian

One Dollar a Year

A large monthly matiaziDC devoted to A^Ticul-
tural. Horticultural and rural pursuits, showing the
wonderful development of the Pacific Coast. Beau-
tifully illustrated, well edited and artistically
printed on tine book paper. An encyclopedia of in-
formation for colonists. Address.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN

Kooms 6 and 7 Temple Block.
ICt LOS ANGKLES. CALIF.

Special Offer.— For -S1.40 we will send
the Rural Californian and the American Bee
Journal for one year.
Mention Bee Journal when *vrlttnff.

A Prophet of Profit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if
your effort is intelligently directed.

Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

ProfitaMe Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited time only 25 cents per year.
ICtf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal

■^ A 40-page Catalog tree

Ij ^^ ^^ ^^ The latest work on KEE-
KLSU^ !^|IPPI.IE»«,Hives.Fix-
1^ U ^J ^) tures, Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens. If interested in
bees, do not fail to write us.

John Nebel &Son Supply Go., ttigti tlill, Mo.

6Ctf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Successful Poultry Journal

FRANK HECK, Editor.

Subscription Price 50 cents per Year.

Write for Advertising Rates.

The most prominent and successful, practica
poultrymen write for the Successful Poultry Jour
nal, and tell how they build their houses, mate their
fowls, manage their incubators, feed both young
and old— and, in fact, tell how they succeed and
make money. Send for Bample copy.

SUCCESSFUL POULTRY JOURNAL

ICtf 355 Dearborn St., CHICAGO. ILL.
Mention Bee Joomal wben wrltlnK-

FOR SALE

$1 to $3 a pair. Registered Homing Pigeons;
Big Sqnab Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian
Hares; Fancy experiment station; crosses in
all colors. HULBERT

Mail orders filled. GLEN ELLYN, ILL.

40Ctf Please mention the isee Jonrnal.

THE POILTRY DIGEST

35 cents per Year.

An Enterprisittg^, Pushing- and Progressive
Poultrv Jonrnal. A live and instructive Peri-
odical "Different From All the Reat.

True to name, a concise and boiled down di-
gest of all the doings in the Poultry World— A
time-saving periodical; methodical, to the
point, and conservative.

T T~> you want to make more money out of
I Li your fowls.

I f^ yon want to get good results with less
X. X. hard work.

_ yott want to learn how to save your

' '^I's^ ' little chicks.

I you want to know what to do ach

month in the poultry yard.
Send in your subscription to the

POULTRY DIGEST PUB. CO.

36Ctf 43 Centke St., N. V. City.

FASHION BOOK FREE

vitlsendyou my handsonic; rrw t.i-!:i ii i k

which illustrates 500 of the lale^^t stales. Itisa
valuable book and every woman owning a =^ewme
Ml iiihine should have one. It also eivesl2 ILLUS-
TRATED LESSONS In -ewlng& Dress Cutting.
HnW I nn TT f Pi'i'l>^li The Home In.
nUTT X UV 11 sfrifc/or, an illustrated
li'ime woman's majazine and I vant your name
on my subscrip'ion list, ihe Home Instructor is
hri;j;ht, entertainincr, clean and instructive, just the
>"rtof paper youshould ha\e in your home. It
has departments for every feature of home life.
and prints the choicest fiction every month. Every
i-.-.iie has several pa^es de\ ott-d to latest fash ions

MY SPECIAL OFFER f„7i^v'^iM^S

V'lU The Home Iiif^tntctor for two years and will
send mvbii; fashi'in book to you free Address

A. OTIS ABNOI-P, r tiincy, 111^

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlns.

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
dueeiis

The Famous
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders bow for April, May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens — equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices ;
Tested Queens . . . .,?1.00 each; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted " 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.o0 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

CarniolaDs! Italians!

FOR SALE

No disease. 2-comb Nucleus, with Queen,
S3, f.o.b. express office here.

A. L. AMOS, Comstock, Nebr.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan

Let us quote ycu prices ou Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save you lime and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON,

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

May 2, 1907

wo
^0

4

w

0

0^

ftro mado every yenr in the book Imsiness.
Ev»Ty family, rich or poor, must have
l.uoks. iJiiriiiK the Inst lew veurs. ST.iMlO..
im.m hiivo h.Tii oxiM-u.lfil for I\l<..I.Tn
Klo(iii«'iK-e. -$r-Mt<"i.Mili.()(l for StcMnr-ra
LiTtuivs. S"-'l.lN'n.lHK),UI for the C.-ntiiry
l>irtioiiiiry. arnl Itu- trenifn<!ouB [^utti of
$-14.0UU.t»0(l.('0. covering over httif a million
sets of the FT-.cyclopsetHu BritnnnicB.
These I'ooks were sold by subscription in
American homes and eales are still
eoiiiKon.

We have a eubscription publication
which selln more readily than any of the
above. The dii'mimd is Hlreti<ly so tre-
memious that mnre capittii is requireil to
Bwinw it. or pet behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman

Can Share These Profits

liecoming stock holders in a profitable
busint'SH, based on t\\cnty years' ex^itri-
enco. Kcmemlier-thcMu cess of this piihli-
cation is not away off in the future-it is
not prospective, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pave large dividends and is as
solid as the Rock of Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so creat that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning big dividends, and which
iH led to sell a small amount of its stock
eimply because the business is alrendv so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if .\nu would grasp this op-
portunity yoQ must

Write Quick-Only a Few Can Come In

Address your letter to me personally.
like this—

V/. B. Gilbert
Dept. n 28 Jackion Blvd.,CIuc>ta

American l^ee Joumalj^y^

381

fe^-^^>-f^!i»"

I

' '^^' ■^^- ^^ ^^ ^^' ^^ ^^ •^^- ■^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ mw^ ^^^^^^^^^V4

BBE-STJPPLIES

PERFECT G-OODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is tlie time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Lan^stroth, Alternating,
and the Ma^sie Hives, we make all of them. Remember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make. »

We nave been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRETGHMER MFG. GO.. Gouncil Bluffs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

I

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlns*

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

HANDMADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907 ;

Chas. Dadant it Son, HaaaiUoD, III.— This is the Smoker w
recommend above all others.

VT. n. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smok-
ers fur a good many jears and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made 81.50 — 1 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10— 3i<^ >'

Conqueror — right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3" "

Large — lasts longer than any other 90— 2K "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 ' •'

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular it requested.

Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Alien.

Patented May 20, 187'

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Sfiiii for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

SlinPlCX D66"nlV6 cheapestf'mosi' du-
rable, perfect, efficient implement. Constructed
without boards. Any one ran manufacture it.
License of U. S. Patent granted. Address,

I7i6t P. O. BOX 332. Colton, Calif.

Mention Bee Journal when vrritlns.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Briirbt Golden and 3-banded
(Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After Mav -" all orders will receive
prompt attention, l/atested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or \l for $6 5o. Tested, +1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Youne Queen
afer June 1, $2.C0 GEO. W . BARNBS.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, ?2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

M. M. PARKER, JR.

3Att JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Joomal when writing.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's RedCIover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60ceach; six, $3.50

Selected untested 7Sc " " 4 00

Tested $1.00 " " 5.00

Selected tested 1.25 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen. 2.00
Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Greenville, Ala.

17Atf Please mention the Bee JournaL

Please Meyiion IheAmericau Bee Jourual Xdmltff

382

May 2, 1907

American fiee Joarnalj

YOUR MONEY IS GOOD

You know that. We know that. Every one knows that. If it were not,
every one would not be read}- to take it. You and you alone must insist on
returns, real returns for the good money 3-ou spend for bee-supplies. If you
don't see to it that you get 3'our money's worth no one will.

NOW WE WANT TO ASK YOU A QUESTION

Do you know that you are losing money — real, hard-earned money — every
time you put a colony of bees into a cheap, poorly fitting hive ? You are,
for the good reason that the bees are spending most of their time building
over the hive when they ought to be making hone}'.

HONEY MEANS MONEY

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

Thus more than the money that you think you are saving when you bu}- a
cheap hive the bees are losing for you " hand over fist," and j-ou don't know
it. It's the fault of the hive.

That's wh}' some bee-keepers get a whole lot more honey than others.
That's why the man using the best goods makes the most money when it
comes to cashing in at the end of the season. We can prove that. Men can
build hives cheaper and better than bees. Then why not have everything
just right to begin with ?

LEWIS HIVES ARE BUILT RIGHT

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Garlel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 Oficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., ManzaniUo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,

Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego,
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, FaUbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Haussen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg-.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, ijamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.

MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids

MASSACHUSE rTS— Alvin A. Vinal, Marsh-
field Hills.

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

OREGO."*- The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS— Souihwesteru Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH— Fred Fou'ger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.LiHy Company,
Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO., " The original Beeware People " W^.tftPtO WTI , WlS.

May 2, 1907

383

American Me Journal j^^

<^^f3

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found in

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
[or 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been cnfrajjed. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American liee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated prico-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOW^, N. Y.
[Established 25 years.J
HcBtlon Bee Jonmal whea wrltlmK,

4- ^eestpax-f

Chicago, April 4.— Market is quite bare of
best grades of comb honey. When sales are
made it is on a basis of 15®17c, with very little
outlet tor the o£f -grades. Extracted, 7@8c; oft
grades, 6@63^c. Beeswax in good demand at
30@32c. R. A. BoBNETT & Co.

Cincinnati, April 16 —There is nothing new
in the honey market, excepting that this part
of the country is bare of comb honey, and it is
well, for consumers will appreciate the new
crop more when it arrives. We are selling ex-
tracted amber honey in barrels at from 5^('j
65ic. Fancy table honey, 8;4c(3*9c, in crates of
two60-pound cans. Forchoiceyel'ow beeswax,
free from dirt, 32c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, April 10.— Owing to the cold
weather, there has been quite a demand for
comb houey in the last 10 days; quite a number
of odd lots have been moved in this market,
with not so many arrivals as heretofore. We
quote: Fancy white comb honey, 15@16c; No.
I, 14@i5c; amber, 12@14c. Fancy white ex-
tracted, 7(a8c; light amber, 6(« "c. Beeswax,
very firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, April 12.— Comb Honey.— There
is very little doing; stock of white honey of all
grades is practically cleaned up, and small
shipments which arrive from time to time, find
ready sale at 14!ai5c for choice white stock, and
12(^13c for off grades. Considerable dark comb
honey is left on the market, and there does not
seem to be any demand whatsoever. We quote
nominally at 10@llc, but in large lots we doubt
whether this pi ice can be realized. Extracted
Uonev.— California stock seems to be well
cleaned up, and we are informed that there is
very little left on the Coast, and, before the new
crop is marketed, whatever is on the market
now will have been consumed. The prospects
u California are very good for a large crop, but
nothing deflnite can be said at this time, and
there is no surety of a blgcropuntil it is actually
gathered. Last season the outlook was just as
good, but in the height of the season, cold
northern winds and generally contrary weather
affected the crop to such an extent that it was
Esmall as in previous years. With favorable

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for UK)? now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Uincinaati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME.

Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

L,A.^»$, and CAICASIAI^S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29,

ijred in separate apiaries,
tbeCiOL.WK'V VEI.-
L,OWS, CAKi^IO-

C. H.W.WEBER ="

Office and Salesrooms, 2146^48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

weather in California for the next two months
a large crop willundoubtedly be harvested, and
if so prices will naturally be considerably lower
than those of the past season and present prices.
Wequote white sage at from 7@9c, and light
amber at from T(S)7Hc. Near-by, as well as
Southern honey, is well cleaned up, and the
markets are in good shape for new crop. Cuban
and other West Indian honeys are arriving in
large quantities, most of which are sold for ex
port. The market is firm, at from 58@60c per
gallon, duty paid according to quality. Bees-
wax fi rm and steady at from 3D@3 Ic.

Hildreth & Segelken.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12®13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c, Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds,

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, Nov. 30 -The market on comb honey
remains about the same as last quotations, but
has been coming iu much more freely, as bee-
keepers seem to be very anxious to get rid of
their stock. Fancy brings in a retail way 16c;
extra fancy, 17c; No. 1, ISc; buckwheat, ISc.
Extracted white clover in barrels brings
7@7Xc; cans the same. Beeswax, 26@28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.Q

K A „SAS City, Mar. 30— The demand for comb
honey is light, as also a»e the receipts. The
market is about bare of extracted. We quote:
No. 1 white comb, .;4 sec. cases, $3 10 to I3.2S;
No. 2, 12.50 to S2.73, Extracted, white, 8@9c;
amber, 7@8c, Beeswax, 28.\

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14 —Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not suf&cient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, J3; and good No. 2, J2,80. White
extracted, S@8}ic per pound; light amber,
7%@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honry
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2,
selling at 12i^c, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sells in barrels at 5"i@6c. Beesw ax
32c, delivered here. C. H.W. Wbber.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consul*

R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 South Water St. Chicago. Ill,

If yeu wiiiii lac bcc-tSook

That covers the whole Apicaltural Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.»

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DIscoantf to tbe Trade,

BEE SUPPLIES.

We hantlU the finast bae supplias, mad* by th« W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., Jam.eatown, N. Y. Big Discounts on aarly orders, let us figure
with you on your wants. .

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warpi'
proof eovj^' and bottom board, think of it, same price as the regular
atylaa. ^I' for Catalog.

I THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

51 AW{^|UT ST.. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

May 2. 1907

American l^Qe Journal

DADMT'S FOUIiDATM"

IT E2S:OE3LiS

EVERY INCH equal to sample

Beauty, Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted ?*mJl...

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

^ Marshfield Bee-Goods P

!
I

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this '

is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why;[should i

we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory. I

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin. I

DOVETAILED HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth. ,

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them. '

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

' You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago, ]

' there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The '

i West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis. i

I If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE -SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it. •

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. t!
l Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

a

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxvillt.

Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smilh

Center.
MICHIGAN — Leng8t & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. O. Buell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairbury.
CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Out.
ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phccnix.
MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-

ply Co., Harmony,

ILLINOIS— D.L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

47th Year

MAY 9, 1907

Number 19

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

American Vae Journal

May 9. 1907

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
Sl.LKt a year, in the United Stales ot America and
Mexico; atl otiier countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-l.ABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid,
t'or instance, "deci>7" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of Decemher, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per ftgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one incb.
Nothing less than }i inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times..
13 " ..
26 " ..
52 " . .

. 5 per cent
.10 "
.20 "
.30 "

3pace Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent

SCO " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monda; morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

Ist.— To promote the interest3 of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
awful riirhts.
3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration or
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.
General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. Kkance, Platteville, Wis.

B^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

.^7;->£j;isr" O WONT YOU BEE ny HONEX

CHttR THIS LONELY MEAPT?

Fob I WOULD HLO you all the TinE ,

And Wt WOULD NEVER PAftT

MOO — I- f*t!it!i

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The outs herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
7 nilver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
(.ojrnal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x3;.j
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, II.I>.

-^

BEE-SUPPLIES

<4

AND S4VE NOINEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices od Uovelalled Hives, Section»«, Section-Holders,
Separators, IIrood-l'''raiiies, Foundation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping'-Cas«s, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONE?.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly. SS§

Minnesota Bee-KeGpers' Supply Go. I

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors, m

Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ^

Alentlon Bee Journal Tvlien irrltlns.

Dlttr's GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Aug:usta, Wis.

mention Bee Joornal when writing.

Western Bee- Keepers s^ow^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
TBE COLORADO nONEt-rRODlICERS' AS.S'S, Denver, Colo.
9At£ Please mention the Bee Jouraal.

Best No. 1 Sections f.

1000, $4.00;- No.

2, $3.40; plaii],^ 25c

less. Discounts on Danz. and Root^s hives, and
other Root's Goods; also Berry Boxes. Bees

for sale. H. S. Dubu, St. flpne, III.

6A14t Please mention the Bee Jotirnal.

TENNESSEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goidens from
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After April 1.5Tn.

Italians Before July 1st

After July Ist

GflRNIOLflNS 1

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6

12

1

6

13

1

6

12

1

6

13

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested..

? .75
100
1.50
2. 00

S 4 00

5.00

8 00

10.00

« 7.50

9.00

15.00

18 00

$ .60

.75

1.25

1.50

.53.25
4.25
6.50
8.00

i 6.00
8.00
12.00
1500

$ .85
1 10
1.60
2.10

$4 50
5 50
8.50

10.50

$8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

S .95
1.20
1.70
2.20

S 5.00

600

9.00

11.00

$ 8.50'
lO.OO
16.00
19.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders $10.00 1-frame Nucleus (no queen) $1.50

Select Golden Breeders 3.00 2-frame " " 2,00

'• 3-band " ' 3.00 Sframe " " 2.50

" Carniolan " 3.10 4-frame " " 3.0O

" Caucasian" 3.25 1 full colony without queen in 8-frame

dovetailed hive 6.00

Bees by the pound in liglit shipping-boxes, $1.00 per pound.
Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.
Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever-
been in this section.

i7A4t 2iDtf JOHN M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

Mention Bee Jonmal when irrltlnc

May 9, 1907

387

American 'Ree Jonrnalj^g'^^^^^^^n

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any beekeeper can save ini)ney, as lung as the
goods last, on alniost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking; aiivantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have solil several tliuusand dollars worih of
these goods, and no complaint.

([^^ Ken<I tor IIkI. oi i^liglitly l>:im-
a(S*^a <iioo«lN lo select Iroin at Reduced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60pound cans for sale.

n. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

(Not Inc.)

Long Uistaace Telephooe, North 155'). 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

ILL.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Oolden, Carniolan, CaucaBian. and S-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, $1 ;
Tested, ^l.'J.i. Prices on large quantities or on
Bees given on application. Addrefis,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINB CO.
JOHN W PHARK. Prop.. Berclalr, Texas.
12Atf Pleane meotiod the Bee Joarnal.

The Rietsche Press

TAYLOR'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS THE BHIST

Long TonKues and Goldena are best of lioney-

gatherers; 18 yrs. a specialty, breedinK tor be.st
Oney-gatherers. Untested, 7.-,c. or$sa doz.; Tested,
$1. or $10 a doz.; Select Tested. $1.50. Breeders.
very best, trnm $3 to in. Carniolans same price. Try
them We also sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Sale arrival guaranteed.

J. W. TAYLOR & SON -

l-IAlCit BBEVILLB. Bee Co., TEXAS.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mention the f.r? Journal

BEE m POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Eo-g-Food, etc Every
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the '• Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., IndianapoHs, I«d,

29Atf

Made of artificial stone. Practlcallj Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb lonndatiou made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnyine
from the dealers. Price of Press lor L. frame
sheets, J2.00. Othtr sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

■•SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Ree Journal vrhen vrrltlns.

P{\r QillA '"** Acre Farm and lOO
I VI OaiC Colonies of Bees, (iood out-
buildings; good 8 room house— on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. FITT.S

lOAISt KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnK.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
ascents; or will send it FREK as
a premium for sending us One
, New subscriber to the Bee Journal
(for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

'If goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder."

Established 1889.

Coming On Through Freight

By ike Bee- Crank.

There's a lot of talk these days about
car shortage. If you are curious to ex-
perience a taste of what it means, or-
der your next bill of Supplies shipped
froin some out-of-the-way point, and
then sit down and await developments.

But if, like most bee-men, you
haven't ranch time to sit in idleness
— if you order your Supplies because
you need them — better cut out the ex-
periment business and order from
Pouder. There is no car shortage in
Indianapolis. There never is, and in
the nature of things there is no likeli-

BEESWAX— send it along. I will pay the highest
express, according to size of shipment.

" \

hood of there ever being one. Indian-
apolis is the center point of a lot of the
big trunk-line systems of the country.
Cars pour in here by the thousand
daily, from every quarter. When your
order is received by me in the morning,
by nightfall the shipment is booming
along on the way by through freight,
straight for your place, and it keeps
moving until it reaches you.

I carry a full line of the Root goods
at Root prices, and I not only save you
time, but I save money in freight
charges.

market price at all times. Send by freight or

W/jil-f/^l* ^ V^f\ttf\(^t* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
TTCliL^l tLJ» IT yjlAKl^l. INDIANAPOI IS. INniANA

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

388

May 9, 1907

American ^Bee Journal

Trade Notes
The A .1. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

GASOLINE ENGINES

A four-page article on the use of
large honey-extractors with gasoline
engines is lound in the May 15th
Gleanings. The article is fully illus-
trated and well worth 25 cents to any
one interested in the production of ex-
tracted honey. When labor is high
and help hard to find the gasoline en-
gine and power extractor come in to
help the bee-keeper out and save his
crop. Send for this number of Glean-
ings. Price, 10 cents. Six months to
new subscribers (12 copies) for only 25
cents, and your money refunded if dis-
satisfied in any way.

BEES AND QUEENS

There is sure to be a heavy demand
for bees and queens for months to
come, on account of the large losses
all over the North during the past
month, because of the continued un-
favoral^le weather. If you want to re-
queen your apiary, or get a good breed-
ing queen, or restock your empty hives,
you should send your order at once to
secure delivery early. There is sure to
be a large demand and consequent in-
ability of breeders to supply promptly,
so remember, "first come, first
served."
PRICE-LIST of BEES AND QUEENS

HOME-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS

Oct. 10 June

June, to Oct.

Untested qupen » 1-;S $1.00

Select nntested queen 1S« i-.--

Testedqueen 2.|0 2.00

Selectiested queen 3 50 J.io

Breeding queens 6 CO 5.00

Select breeding queens 9.00 i.M

Extra select bre.ding queens, 1

year old 12.00 lO.uO

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS

Best imported queens JS.ro

Fair imported queens J.oo

SOUTHERN-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS

For those who desire to get pure Italian stock
at a moderate price, we are prepared to furnish
queens direct from our breeders in the South
at the following scale of prices:

Oct. to June
Jnne. to Oct.

Uoiested queens 11.00 S ."5

Select untested queens 1.25 l.'O

Tested queens 1-75 i ^u

Select tested queens . . : 3.uo i.iu

5-BAHDEO ITALIAN, CARNIOLANS, OR
CAUCASIANS

These will be furnished at the same prices as
our h^me-bred Italian queens.

PRICES OF NUCLEI AND COLONIES

Oct. to June

June, to Oct.

1-frame nucleus, without qneen.-l 3.00 $ 2.00

2 frame nucleu<i, without queen .. 4.50 3.00

3 frame nucleus, without queen . . S.SO 3.50
Colony in 8 fr. Djv'd hive, no

queen 10.00 7.S0

Colony in lO-fr. Danz. hive, no

queen 11.00 8.00

Colony 'in 10 fr. DovM hive, no

queen 12.00 9.00

We can supply with the nuclei any of the
queens mentioned in this list. When one buys
an extra-select queen, or any high. priced
queen, he would do well to have her come in a
nucleus. This will assure safe arrival.

Where a customer desires a queen's wings
clipped a charge of 25 cents extra will be made.

BEE-MODELS

There are a good many bee-keepers
who will admit they ought to know
more about the anatomy of the bee ;
but owing to the difficulties surround-
ing the subject they have thus far been
unable to acquaint themselves iu the
least with the marvelous structure of
the honey-bee. For such persons there
has been constructed a pasteboard bee,
showing all the internals of a queen
and also a drone in a manner that
leaves little to be desired. With the
aid of the key, any intelligent person
may soon become well acquainted with
the anatomy of the bee and the proper
name of each organ. First, there is a
life-like representation of the queen
and drone (separately). By lifting the
outer covering the breathing appara-
tus and digestive system are unfolded ;
lifting again there will be found the
reproductive system and poison glands;
and by again lifting, the nervous sys-
tem is clearly outlined. Everything is
as clear as daylight, as each part and
organ is numbered, and the key which
we send gives the correct scientific
name of the same. Our models of the
queen measure 6^'i inches, while those
of the drone are 5,'.^ inches. We can
furnish either with key at SO cts post-
paid.

THE A B C OP BEE CULTURE

The 1907 edition (English) will be
ready early in the coming fall. A com-
plete French edition ("ABC de L' Api-
culture ") is ready for mailing; price
of this edition S2 00, postpaid. We are
booking orders for the German edition,
which is expected by Sept. 1st. The
price of this is also $2,0(', postpaid.

THE SWARTHMORE LIBRARY

A series of boolilets on bee-subjects
by E. L. Pratt, of Pennsylvania, known
to the beekeeping world as " Swarth-
more." These books are full of the
most valuable information. The
Swarthmore method of queen-rearing
is spoken of as the most important in-
novation in bee-keeping of recent
years.

INCREASE.— The firstof the series.
Any one desiring to enlarge his apiary
should learn the Swarthmore way.
Price, postpaid, 25 cts. French edition,
entitled. " Accroissement,"SO cts. post-
paid.

BABY NUCLEI.— The using of lit-
tle frames and a handful of bees for
mating queens has created quite a stir
in the queen-rearing business From
this booklet you get your information
direct. Price, postpaid, 25 cts. French
edition, entitled, "Nuclei Miniatures,'
50 cts. postpaid.

COMMERCIAL QUEEN-REARING
— A complete description of the Swarth-
more methods of queen-rearing in re-
gard to cell-getting. Price, postpaid,
25 cts.

SIMPLIFIED QUEEN-REARING.
— Revised edition. It tells the honey-
producer how to rear queens by the
very simplest method ever published.
Good queens for little money and little
trouble, in just an effective and econo-
mical plan for the bee-keeper who
works for profit. Price, 25 cts. post-
paid.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

{Entered at the PostOfflcu ;ii Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1 OO a Year, by George W. York & Co., lis W. Jackson Blvd.

GEOKGK W. YOKK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 9. 1907

and Commenfs

Detecting Adulterants In Honey

A subscriber in New Zealand writes as fol-
lows:

Is there any easy method which an ordinary
bee-keeper might apply to detect the presence
of adulterants in honey?

In New Zealand the public buy the comb
honey because they know it can not be faked.
It seems to be a more sensible view than that
of the United States of America public. We
don't nearly meet the demand for comb honey
here.

We don't know of any unless it be by the
taste. It is not very difficult to detect the
presence of glucose by the taste.

New Zealand is ahead of the world in a
good many ways, and you are to be congratu-
lated that your public is so intelligent that it
knows comb hon^ can not be faked. Here,
too large a proportion of the public believes
not only that comb honey can be, but that it
is faked. But the tide seems to be turning,
and we are counting much on what will be
effected by our pure-food laws.

Brevity Sometimes Dangerous

Brevity is desirable, but it should not omit
an essential part of a story. Mr. D. M. Mac-
donald occupies a page and a half of the
British Bee Journal with what he calls gems
from " Forty Years Among the Bees.'' The
work is exceedingly well done, but the brevity
of the extracts, averaging perhaps 4 lines
each, may in a few cases lead to misunder-
standing when such short statements are
taken without the context.

The sentence, " I have found no way of
securing all worker-comb except by having it
built by a weak colony." Taken alone that
might be understood to show that weak colo-
nies were generally used for building comb,

^tW.VKV.a..: -

and that Dr. Miller had not learned the value
of comb foundation. On the contrary, it is
well known that Dr. Miller is an earnest advo-
cate of full sheets of foundation, both for
brood-combe and sections, and the number of
brood-combs in his hives not so produced are
exceedingly few. A statement of the whole
truth would be, " I have found no way of
having the bees build all worker-comb with-
out the use of foundation except by having
the comb built in a very weak colony. My
practise is to have combs built in strong
colonies on worker-foundation.''

Another extract reads: " If a colony has 9,
10, or more frames of brood, all but 8 are
taken away." Somewhat vague as it stands,
but some might understand a disapproval of
more than 8 frames of brood to the colony at
any time. On the contrary, the largest
amount of brood is encouraged up to the time
of putting on supers, when each colony is re-
duced to one story of 8 frames each.

" Increase is made by taking frames to the
out-apiary, and, of course, bees stay wherever
they are put, and work upintoa otlony.'' The
last part oi the sentence suggests the advan-
tage of making uK-rease in that way, but the
labor of moving to the out-apiary is no small
item, and as a maMer of fact the plan is sel-
dom used.

Possibly some of D. M. M.'s readers would
be less puzzled if he would clear up these

few points.

— -^

Nuclei and Colonies

A nucleus is wil! understood to be a very
weak colony of bi-.'s, but just where is the
dividing line bt'twi-. u a nucleus and a colony
is not so well iiiiliTstood, just as it is not
always easy to -ay when a boy becomes a
man. Perhaps ir might be said that anything

Vol, XLVII-No. 19

less than 3 Langstroth frames, fairly well
covered with bees, is a nucleus, and anything
more is a colony. That leaves .3 frames of
brood covered with bees to be called some-
times a nucleus and sometimes a colony. The
time of year may have something to do with
it. Hundreds of colonies come out of winter
quarters with no more than 3 frames covered
with bees-yes. thousands of them; and
many with less than that, and yet at that time
of year they are called colonies. In the mid-
dle of summer they would hardly be called
colonies, but nuclei. Then there are the
"baby nuclei" about which so much has
been said lately, consisting of I, 2, or 3 very
small combs, with a correspondingly small
number of bees.

Higlier Postage Rate to Canada

Beginning with May 8, the postage rate on
all United States periodicals mailed to Canada
was quadrupled, which will compel us to
raise the subscription price on the weekly
American Bee Journal to all Canadian sub-
scribers, from .¥1.00 a year to $1 50. This is
made necessary from the following notice
which was recently sent out by our Postmas-
ter-General, Hon. G. v. L. Meyer, at Wash-
ington, D. C. :

" It is hereby ordered that, commencing on
theSthday of May, 190;, the postage rate
applicable in the United States to ' second-
class matter ' addressed for delivery in Canada
shall be one cent for each four (4) ounces or
fraction of four (4) ounces, calculated on the
weight of each package and pnepaid by means
of postage stamps allixed."

This will compel us to put alcentstamp
on each copy of the American Bee Journal
mailed into Canada, beginning with this
week's issue. Therefore, our Canadian read-
ers will please take notice of the increase in
price when renewing their subscriptions,
which increase is not our wish at a but is
made necessary, as stated, through interna-
tional postal agreement.

Of course, every Canadian subscriber now
on our list will receive the Bee Journal the
full time for which he has paid, regardless of
the heavy extra postage bill we are called on
to pay. It will be quite a loss to us, but the
American Bee Journal means to do as it
agrees. We trust that our Canadian readers
will continue their kindly support rii?ht
along. ^

May 9, 1907

American l^ee Journal

.-'jwiyB'-.

i^cellanepu

Workiug Under Dilliculties— that's

what we have been doing in order to get this
number of the Ameriein Bee Journal out on
tinae. It is a rather serious matter to move a
printing oflice, and be able to find everything
again very soon. But in a week or two more
we will have everything in " apple-pie order,"
and running as smoothly as ever. Please re-
member we are never so much interrupted
that we can't take care of all renewals and
new subscriptions for the old American Bee
Journal that may be sent to us.

Honey Conditions in Southern Cali-
fornia.—We have received the following
from Mr. John Stewart, of Southern Califor-
nia, dated April 28, 190? :

American Bee Journal —

The enclosed from the Los Angeles Times
for April 26, is true of the conditions of the
honey-production in the fog-belt near the
coast in Southern California; but more in-
land, in the orange-producing districts, the
conditions have been better for a fair honey
crop this year. The swarming season is on.
John Stewart.

From the clipping sent we condense the
following:

Bees are dying every day this spring, while
there are flowers in abundance. In some
places the beemen have to feed their bees
daily on sugar to keep them alive, while in
the hills and orange groves there are millions
of blossoms.

This strange condition is laid to the cool,
cloudy weather which is a great hardship on
the busy bee, and which has prevented the
development of the honey-producing element
in the Bowers. A continuation of such
weather as has prevailed the past week will
cut down the honey-supply materially. A
week of sunshine will be the means of saving
many valuable colonies of bees throughout
Southern California.

Such is the summary of conditions as in-
dicated by reports received by H. J. .Mercer,
Secretary of the California National Honey-
Producers' Association. Mr. Mercer believes
that unless there is a decided change in
weather conditions within a few days, the
crop will fall far behind that of last year, and
that also was a great disappointment to bee-
kccpcrs-

Reports come from various sections that
the bees start out to gather honey, load them-
selves down, and then are overcome by the
cool and damp weather, and fall along the
way to die of exhaustion. This is a condition
reported from various bee-ranches in widely
scattered localities.

Then the bees will not go out on the cold
and foggy mornings, and, as a result, there is
a consumption of the honey already stored in
the hives. In some cases colonies have eaten
themselves out of honey-supply, and actually
have starved before their condition was dis-
covered, and all this has occurred within a
very few days.

Yesterday a shipment of 1000 pounds of
white granulated sugar was sent up to Charles
Ebert, in the canyon above Azusa, to feed his
bees that are on the point of starving. Other
bee-keepers have been feeding for the past ^

weeks— the very period when the bees ought
to be laying in large amounts of honey.

Such reports come from La Canada, Provi-
dencia and Chatsworth. Emerson brothers,
near Fullerton, who have 1200 colonies of
bees, report that the bees are dying of ex-
haustion these cool days, and that they have
consumed their supplies in many cases.

Similar reports come from T. O. Andrews,
at Corona, who has 400 colonies, and from J.
W. George, at Ferris, Riverside county, who
has gone into bee-keeping on an extensive
scale. A like discouraging report comes from
M. H. Mendleson, of Piru, who has begun to
feed his bees to keep them from starving on a
ranch which has been famous for its fruit-
trees, and which have been simply aglow with
blossoms.

The beeranch of L. E. Mercer, in the Cas-
talc Canyon, is said to be the largest in the
United States. He has close to '2000 colonies
in this canyon, and has them scattered about
in 6 locations. The season started in with
brightest prospects for a record-breaking year
for honey-producers, says this veteran bee-
man. There was a wealth of blossoms,
brought about by the extensive wet season,
but this has not availed. A few weeks ago
Mr. Mercer estimated that he would have
fully 100 tons of honey from this season's
work. Now he has scaled this down to a
crop of 50 tons, and unless there is a change
very soon in weather conditions, he thinks
this will still be reduced.

The bee and honey business has reached an
extent in Southern California that is little
realized. The report of last year made by the
Los Angeles County Statistician, gives the
number of colonies of bees as 40,000, and their
value as |i200,000; and the amount of bees-
wax marketed as 9000 pounds, with a value of
820)50.

E. A. Fischer, Inspector of Apiaries for Los
Angeles county, said yesterday that he is con-
vinced there has been an increase of fully 10,-
000 colonies of bees in this county since the
report was made. He has been waging a con-
stant war against the spread of " foul brood,"
and believes that with the co-operation of the
honey-producers the pest will be kept down to
the minimum.

The first honey to come into the Los Ange-
les markets is from the orange-growing sec-
tions, stretching from Pasadena to San Ber-
nardino and Redlands. This orange-blossom
honey is generally of fine quality, but it has
the objection of granulating quickly. The
first arrivals of this honey are now due; but
honey merchants in Los Angeles said yester-
day that there is no prospect of shipments
here for at least 3 weeks.

A factor showing the extent of the honey
industry is the record of sales by one firm in
this city which makes a business of supply-
ing bee-keepers. This shows that there were
sent out from the place last year more than
50,000 o-gallon cans for the storage of honey.
Anticipating a shortage of crop, H. J.
Mercer has been storing honey for the past
2 years, and since last July he has sold to Los
Angeles merchants alone honey amounting to
$35,000. This surplus honey is now well
cleaned out, and with the partial failure of
the present season's crop, there is certain to
be a soaring of honey-prices that will make
the sweet substance taste like money.

The National pure-food law, which has
affected the marketing of so many products,
has also had its effect on the honey-market,
and has put the producers of pure ex

traded honey in their proper position, where
they do not have to compete with adulterated
honeys.

The merchants now require wholesalers of
extracted honey to give them a written guar-
antee of its purity, as a matter of protection
to the merchants, and this is gladly done by
the concerns which have heretofore had to
compete with the " dope."

Surely, the foregoing is not a very encour-
aging report for the bee-keepers of Southern
California. It is hoped, hov^ever, that for
their sakes, if not for the sakes of the bee-
keepers of the rest of the country, honey con-
ditions may yet take a turn for the better, so
that there may be at least a fair crop of honey
harvested by the bee keepers in the region
mentioned by the clipping from the Los An-
geles Times.

But evidently honey is to be honey this
year, as a good share of the North has had a
cold, bacKward spring, which, in all prob-
ability, will prevent the bees from being
ready for the honey crop even if it is in the
flowers later on.

Ode (Owed) to the Weather Man

Weather is cold. Bees don't get out more
than 2 days in the week, Vesterday it
snowed.

I don't know how the others feel

About this horrid weather;
I wonder if 'twould help to squeal

If we all squealed together.

The pussy willows blossomed fine.

The clover started growing;
But soon the sun forgot to shine —

'Most all the time it's snowing.

The weather man who did these things —

Who brought this useless freeze —
Just ought to i)ef-fllled up with stings —
I'd like to furnish bees.

Bellevue, Mich., May 1. C. H. Benson.

Rev. Robt. B. McCain, of Oswego, HI.,
called on us in our new quarters at 118 W.
Jackson Blvd. last Friday. He reports cold
weather in his locality, but expects a good
honey season just the same. We had quite a
snow-storm in Chicago the day he was here —
May 3.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is something that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only ?1.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal oflice.

May 9, 1907

391

American Vae Journal

Facts About Swarming of
Bees

BY ADRIAN RETAZ

Among the differeut kiuds of work
done by the European Societies of Agri-
culturists is now and then a study of
some subject connected with bee-keep-
ing. A series of questions or experi-
ments is submitted to the members
with the request to observe or experi-
ment during the ensuing summer, and
report. It is not obligatory on the
members, so only those who can do
take part. Sometimes when the ex-
periments requested involve a notable
expense of time or money, prizes are
offered to be given to those who have
done the best work. Among the api-
arists are found a good many who have
for a number of years studied some
subjects, or kept note, of whatever
happened in their apiaries. It is
through some arrangements of that
sort that the following information on
the swarming question was obtained,
principally through the efforts of Mr.
Thibault, Secretary of the Societe du
Bassin de la Meuse.

Time of Swarming.

In the country covered by the obser-
vations (northeastern part of France),
the swarming commences on an aver-
age date on May 28 and ends on June
20. The extreme dates have been from
May 17 to June 13 for the beginning,
and from June 6 to July 4 for the end-
ing.

Duration : An average of 24 days.
It is understood that these dates refer
to the northeast part of France. Other
localities differ for different seasons.
For instance, in Belgium Mr. Mercier
gives for the swarming period from
May 20 to June 30.

A full study of the swarming period
observed during 20 years in an apiary
of about 80 colonies is given. I will
not reproduce it here in full. Out of
the 20 years 3 were quite early, 10 near
the average, 5 late, and 2 very irregu-
lar so far as the dates and duration of
the swarming period are concerned.

Taking all the information obtained
in consideration, the average number
of first swarms is put down in the fol-
lowing proportions : One-fifth in May ;
'2 from June 1 to June 10; '4 from
June 10 to June 20; 1-10 after that
date. Very few swarms come out be-
fore May 25, and very few after June
20, so the apiarist could go to the ex-
pense of close watching only between
these dates.

Time of the Day.

The limits observed are 8:15 a.m. and
and 4 p.m. in the extreme cases. On

the total wuniber observed, ii percent
issued before 10 a.m., 22 percent be-
tween 10 and 12, 56 percent between 12
and 2 p.m., 1.^ percent between 2 and 3
p.m., and 2 percent after 3 p.m.

The Weather.

Needless to say that the bees will
not swarm when it is raining. To
what extent they may do it in cloudy
but not actually rainy weather has un-
fortunately not been noted. The wind,
when the weather is otherwise favor-
able, seems to have considerable in-
fluence. Evidently no swarm will issue
on a stormy day. But in fair weather
82 percent of the swarms issued during
no wind, or a light wind, and only 18
percent with a wind of medium
strength or more.

As could be expected, the tempera-
ture has a paramount influence.
Eighty-nine percent of the swarms is-
sued when the temperature was above
68 degrees Fahr., in the shade, and 11
percent when below. One swarm is-
sued at a temperature of 59 degrees,
and the weather "nearly raining."
That was the lowest observation.

It was also ascertained that by far
the largest number of swarms issue
when the barometer is high, but as the
state of the weather as to being more
or less cloudy or more or less warm was
not observed in connection with it, the
fact has but little value.

Position of the Hives.

Eighty-six percent of the swarms
issue when the sun shines on the en-
trance. It seems by that that the num-
ber of the swarms ought to be mate-
rially decreased when the hives are in
a shaded place. It is also stated that a
very large proportion of the swarms
issue from hives turned otherwise.
Unfortunately the number of hives
turned either way was not recorded.
As most of them are turned toward the
south, or nearly so, most of the swarms
come from such hives in at least the
same proportion. It would have been
interesting to ascertain this point
fully and find out whether the direc-
tion has any influence at all, and if it
has whether it is due to a higher tem-
perature, or to the actual shining of
the sun on the entrance, or perhaps
something else.

Nattre of the Bees.

The disposit
cessively with
in the same
varieties, and
vidual colonies
be deducted I
stated that in
of the colonic
bees.

ion to swarm varies ex-
the different races, and
race with the different
even the different indi-
.. Nothing definite could
rom the reports. It is
France fully 99 percent
s are the common black

In one of the apiaries reported (prob-
ably that of Mr. Thibault himself)
everything is recorded in detail since
1883. A study of the swarming in
that apiary brings out some interest-
ing facts concerning the vitality of
the different strains or varieties of
bees. Suppose an apiary of 100 colo-
nies to start with. These colonies and
the swarms produced by them will
swarm more or less every year. After
20 years, out of the 100 colonies 42 will
have disappeared entirely, not only
themselves, but the swarms that de-
scended from them in succession.
Eighteen will be represented by one
colony each ; 16 by 2 colonies each; 8
by 3 colonies each ; 4 by 4 colonies
each ; 4 by from 5 to '• colonies each ;
4 by from 10 to 19 ; 2 by from 20 to 29 ;
2 by 30 or more. It is also shown by
the tables given that the colonies hav-
ing left the largest number of descend-
ants are those which swarmed neither
very early nor very late.

Age of the Queen.

Out of 301 swarms 130 were from
colonies having swarmed the year be-
fore, and therefore had queens one
year old ; 61 from colonies having
swarmed 2 years before ; 44 from colo-
nies having swarmed 3 years before ;
66 from colonies having swarmed from
4 to 12 years before. These can not be
taken into account. Evidently nearly
all their queens had been superseded
and therefore their age can not be as-
certained. Some may have swarmed
unobserved.

It would seem by these figures that
the age of the queens has but little to
do with the swarming question. This
was quite a puzzle to me. I woald
have thought that the colonies with
queens but one year old would have
swarmed considerably less than those
with older queens. At least that is
certainly the case in my apiaries.

After considerable reflection on the
subject I came to the conclusion that
the discrepancy is due not exactly to
the " locality," but to the hives used.
In Europe most of the hives are yet
the old-fashioned straw hives. The
straw is all right enough, but the hives
are usually entirely too small. Now
when a colony is decidedly too crowded,
and the space is lacking for brood and
surplus, the colony will swarm if the
conditions of weather and honey-flow
are favorable, no matter how old or
young the queen may be. And, after
all, I do not know but that under such
circumstances the colonies with young
queens might swarm the moit, since
the young queens, being the best
layers, would get the colonies crowded
the soonest or the most.

The Drones.

Fifty-four percent of the swarms ob-
served came from colonies having a
great many drones, and 4b percent
from colonies having but few. Mr.
Thibault adds, however, that while it
does not make much difference whether
there are many or few drones, no col-
ony will swarm when there are none
at all. He also says that a queen
which is not defective in some way or
other will not lay any drone-eggs dur-
ing the year she has been reared ; that
means a queen less than a full year old.

May 9, 1907

American Hee Journal

He advocates as prevention of swarm-
ing requeening just before the main
honey-flow ; that is, as far as that part
of France is concerned.

Nearness to Water.

Owing to the fact that the bees need
a considerable quantity of water to
rear their brood in the spring, it was
supposed that the proximity to a suit-
able place to get water would increase
the amount of brood reared, and the
swarming would occur sooner. The
reports fail to show any noticeable
difference.

Size of the Hive.

On 722 hives observed during 7 years,
it has been found that out of 100 colo-
nies lodged in straw hives of a capacity
of nearly a cubic foot, 60 to 70 will
swarm. Out of 100 lodged in one-story
movable-comb hives of a capacity of
about 2 cubic feet, 25 to 30 will swarm.
And, finally, out of 100 lodged in Da-
dant-Blatt hives, with enough supers
to accommodate them fully, only S will
swarm. Mr. Guillemin reported that
in his own apiary with such hives,
many years have passed without any
&warm at all.

Amount of Honey.

In regard to the quantity of honey
in the hive, 45 percent of the swarms
observed came out of colonies having
less than 20 pounds of honey ; 41 per-
cent from those having between 20 and
40 pounds. And what puzzles me most,
only 14 percent from colonies having
40 to 60 pounds of honey. I would have
thought that the colonies having the
most honey would be those crowding
the queen the worst, and therefore the
most liable to swarm. The size of the
hives should have been noted, but was
not, so that no certain conclusion can
be deducted.

Empty Combs.

If the quantity of honey present in
the hive has no influence in itself, that
is, no direct influence on the swarm-
ing, it may have a great influence in
restricting the amount of empty comb.
Eighty swarms out of 100 issued from
colonies where the amount of empty
comb was insuflicient for both the
queen and the workers. Hence, the
advantage of large hives.

Concerning the straw hives, Mr.
Thibault thinks the best mode of man-
agement is that which consists in add-
ing just before the honey-flow another
body under the old one. That is prac-
tically the equivalent of the Simmins
method.

If I were working for extracted
honey, I would certainly try putting
the supers under rather than above the
brood-nest. When working for comb
honey it is diEFerent, because the sec-
tions would be badly travel stained.

Honey- Flow.

The first swarm of an apiary usually
issues 6 or or 7 days after the main
flow has begun. The dates may vary
some years between 4 and 13 days, not
counting colonies swarming on ac-
count of some exceptional conditions.
It follows that the preparations for
swarming are begun before the main
flow occurs ; at least in that part of

France. It might not be so everywhere
else, by any means.

In discussing this subject, Mr. Thi-
bault recalls the well-known fact (in
Europe) that there are but few swarms
when the honey-flow is heavy and of
long duration.

Knoxville, Tenn.

Why and How to Clip Queens'
Wings

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

In a recent article I told the readers
of the American Bee Journal how to
find queens ; giving as plain directions
as possible, so that even a novice could
find one. Perhaps some of the readers
wondered at this, thinking that it
would not be necessary to find one
queen out of 20 during the season, but,
according to my views, all queens
should be seen at least once a year for
the purpose of clipping their wings.

This clipping of queens' wings has
been under discussion for many years,
and while the majority of practical
apiarists agree, that, to reap the best
results the wings of all laying queens
should be clipped, a few oppose it,
claiming that swarming is conducted
with more labor, and also that such a
practise will tend toward the weaken-
ing of the wing-power of our bees in
years to come. Without stopping to
discuss these matters further just now,
except to say that I believe both points
raised are fallacious, I will tell the
readers why I clip the wings of my
queens.

In the first place, a queen with her
wings all clipped short is more readily
found when looked for than the one
having her wings, and as in our manip-
ulations with bees, it is often very
necessary to see the queen so as to
keep her when and where we desire,
this finding of a queen is quite an im-
portant item. And as the average bee-
keeper can find a " fully " clipped
queen in less than half the time it takes
to find an undipped queen, this saving
in time is often quite an important
matter.

Second, in the swarming season we
have complete control of the bees, so
that we can compel them to do just
about what we wish them to do. The
first idea of clipping queens' wings
was to keep the swarm from flying off
to the woods, as all know that as soon
as a swarm misses its queen it will
come back to the old or parent hive
again ; but valuable as this idea is,
still there are other points which I con-
sider of far more importance than the
roving of now and then a swarm which
might result during the season from
the apiarist not seeing them in time for
their hiving, or the occasional swarm
that might go off without even alight-
ing.

My home apiary is located near a
piece of woodland with tall trees near
by, and by having the wings of all
queens clipped I do not worry about
such swarms as may cluster 40 or 50
feet up from the ground in these trees,
for as soon as the bees notice their less
of queen, they will uncluster and re-
turn to the old stand hunting for their
queen ; so by having the queens

clipped I am complete master of this
situation ; never having to climb tall
trees (where none but prime swarms
are allowed to issue), and never having
to cut off limbs of lower trees to secure
the swarm, as is done many times to
the mutilating of valuable trees.

Then in hiving such swarms as have
their queens clipped, all that is neces-
sary is to set the new hive in the place
of the parent hive till the bees return
and run in with their queen, which you
will let loose at the proper time, hav-
ing picked her up and caged her as
soon as the swarm was on the wing.
As soon as the bees are in the new
hive, having hived themselves, as it
were, the hive is picked up and set
where we wish it to stand, and the old
one put back where it was before. Or
we can leave the new hive with the
swarm on the old stand, and carry the
old hive to a new stand, just in accord
with ourpractiseof working an apiary.
Then you are sure in having the queen
go into the hive just where you wish
her, as you have her in the cage at
your command, while if she were with
the swarm she might run under the
hive, or take wing and go back on the
limb where the bees clustered, taking
them with her, etc.; in fact, doing un-
thought-of things apparently just to
perplex and annoy the apiarist.

Again, in an apiary containing from
10 to 100 colonies, it frequently hap-
pens that two or more swarms will
come out near the same time and clus-
ter together, when we have a perfect
nuisance where the queens are enabled
to fly with the bees ; but where their
wings are clipped these bees can be
separated so as to have only one swarm
in a hive as easily as any stock mixed
together could be. And, lastly, if for
any reason we are not ready to hive
the sivarm when it comes out, and
therefore wish to hold the swarm on a
limb or pole while we make a hive or
something of the kind, we can keep
them as long as we please by simply
hanging the caged queen with the
cluster. If they try to go off through
our being slow in our part of the mat-
ter, they will come back to the limb or
pole where the queen is as soon as
they miss her, and stay there instead
of going back to their old home, as I
supposed they would till I found out
differently. I have thus held swarms
for nearly 2 days in trying to see what
could be done.

But as this is an article written so
that the novice can "catch on," I
think I hear some one asking " how
the clipping is done."

There are various ways, and a few
devices invented for holding the queen
while she is being clipped, but with me
I use only two plans, and have no use
for anything further. The first is the
one used at all times (except where I
wish to do some special clipping to
make sure of the identity of a certain
queen which I have reason to believe
will prove very valuable), the clip-
ping in this case being done with the
jack-knife, which is always with any
apiarist, for a man is " not at home"
unless he carries a knife in his pocket.

Having found the queen, catch her
by the wings, using the thumb and
forefingerof the left hand. Now place

May y, 1907

American l^ae Journal

the sharpened blade of the knife on the
wings of the (jueen, when both hands
are lowered down within an inch or
two of the tops of the frames in the
hive, when the knife is lightly drawn,
the wings severed, and the queen runs
unharmed below. You need not be
afraid of cutting the fingers, for if you
stop drawing the knife as soon as the
queen drops, you can not do so.

If you think you can not catch the
queen "left handed," then use the
right hand in catching her. Next hold
her so her feet can touch the forefinger
of the left hand, to which she will im-
mediately cling. Now shut the thumb
down carefully over her feet, being
sure that you get all three legs on one
side so she will not twist around and
break a leg, as she would surely do if
only one foot were held fast. Having
her held thus securely, carefully lower
her with her back to the top of the
hive till her wings spread out on top
of the same, when you can cut them
ofi^ by bearing down with the knife on
top of the edge of the hive.

If it is the first queen you have ever
clipped, you may be a little nervous
and shaky, but if you go slow and

think of nothing but the work you wish
to perform, you will soon feel as much
at home clipping queens as you are in
removing the surplus honey from the
hive.

Now for the other plan which is used
to mark certain queens which you wish
to keep track of. Have at the apiary a
pair of small scissors, and when you
wish to cut only one wing, or any defi-
nite part of the wing or wings, use
these scissors instead of the knife.
When doing this you will catch and
hold the qu%en by the legs in your left
hand, as told how to do above, when
you will deliberately, with the points
of the scissors, cut just as much, and
just as little, and just where on the
wings or wing as you have decided
that should be done that the queen
may be marked so as to distinguish
the points which you wish to register
in your book in which you keep the
pedigree of all your best queens.

I would as soon think of going back
to the old-foyy ways of our fathers,
when keeping bees, as to work an api-
ary on the swarming plan without hav-
ing the wings of all queens clipped.

Borodino, N. Y.

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Mount Joy, Ont.

The Prospects in Ontario

Reports as to how bees have win-
tered here in Ontario are exceedingly
varied Dysentery has been quite
prevalent, and, on the whole, I am in-
clined to think that the loss will be
above the average.

April, up to date of writing (17th),
has been unusually cold ; in fact, in
our locality there has not been a single
day that bees could fly freely. Cold
north winds during the day, and freez-
ing nights, have been the rule. As a
result, alsike — which is our chief source
of surplus here — is quite badly heaved,
especially on low grounds. Taking
everything into consideration, the
prospects for a good crop of honey are,
with us, none too flattering. However,
last year prospects were good, yet the
crop was almost nil ; so with the hope-
fulness so characteristic of bee-keepers,
we are trusting that conditions will be
reversed this season.

Distance Bees Gather Nectar

I hardly know what to think of the
claims of Doolittle, Chambers, and
some others, relative to bees working
freely at from 3 to 5 miles from the
apiary. Mr. Chambers seems to think
page 279) that the race of bees has

much to do with this longdistance
working, for he says : " I have learned
to despise a race of bees that are not
good for a crop of honey if it is to be
had only 3 miles from them. Doolittle
and others pin their faith to the Ital-
ians, and claim that it is common for
their bees to work at distances named.

Now I happen to be an admirer of
the same race that Mr. Chambers is so
enthusiastic over, viz.: the Carniolans
— and while I have them as well as
Italians in my apiaries, yet I am sorry
to confess that, so far, pasturage 3
miles or over from the bees might just
as well, so far as practical results are
concerned, be 2o miles away. While
bees at my out yard were working
freely on buckwheat, at the home yard
hardly a bee was moving, although the
nearest fields of buckwheat were little
over 3 miles away.

Have an idea that there is a good
deal of truth in Mr. Chambers' guess,
that the " location of the apiary with
regard to the surrounding country has
something to do with it." No doubt if
there had been some fields of buck-
wheat, say half way between the home
yard and the buckwheat 3 miles away,
the bees would have found the latter
also, as I have noticed that they seem
to go further wlien they have some-
thing to lead tliem on, as it were, than
is the case where there is a lot of blank
territory to fly over. This question of

long-distance gathering does not ap-
peal to nie in a controversial manner,
as I believe it is one that every intelli-
gent bee-keeper can solve for himself,
and, personally, I only wish I could
truthfully (and thankfully) claim to
have a strain or race of bees that would
reach my pasturage 3 miles away, or
even 10, for that matter.

Clipping Queens' Wing-s

Glad to note (page 262) that so well-
known an apiarist as R. C. Aikin clips
his queens while they are on the combs,
without touching them with his fingers.
Now, if any one comes along and
pokes fun at me for advocating such a
method, I shall just turn him over to
the metcy of Mr. Aikin, and look on
and smile.

The scissors I use are by actual
measurement 4', inches long, and have
a curved point. Most of the small scis-
sors are manufactured for ladies' use,
and, as a consequence, the handles are
too small for the clumsy fingers of one
of the masculine gender. The pair I
am using are, as previously stated,
made specially for surgeons' use, so
this difficulty is overcome, and at the
same time the scissors are small and
light.

I might add for the benefit of some
who may try the plan, and at first pro-
nounce it a failure, that the first time
I attempted to clip in this way the
method was pronounced impracticable,
but after exercising a little patience,
my mind was changed, and to day I
can clip the queens about as fast as
you have a mind to pass them along.

Dysentery Among Bees

While at the Victoria County bee
keepers' convention, a few weeks ago
the subject of dysentery was under dis-
cussion. As previously stated, this
trouble has been unusually prevalent
during the past winter and present
spring here in Ontario, and a number
of the bee-keepers at the meeting re-
ferred to were telling of their losses
from this cause.

Mr. J. T. Storer, of Lindsay, who is
a very successful bee-winterer, stated
that for more than 10 years past he
had not had a single case of dysentery
among his bees, and he attributed it
all to the fact that he always made it a
point to have every colony go into
winter quarters very heavy with good
stores And, again, no matter how
heavy a colony might be with honey
in the fall, he wanted each colony to
have at least 10 pounds of syrup made
of best granulated sugar. Mr. Storer
uses a fairly large hive, viz : 8-frame
Langstroth length, but 3 inches deeper,
and he sees that each colony has at
least 40 pounds of stores before putting
it into the cellar. Although his
cellars are about perfect, and his bees
winter in ideal condition, consequently
using very little stores, yet Mr. Storer
finds no difficulty in turning this re-
serve supply of honey into his bees be-
fore the clover flow comes on.

Mr. Storer's success certainly speaks
well for his methods, and while some

394

May 9, 1907

American ^ee Journal

may object to giving such a large
amount of stores in the fall, personally
I feel that it is wise to err on the safe
side, and each year I am more and more
inclined to think that abundance of
good stores is one of the first requisites
of good wintering, and also just as es-
sential towards the rapid building of
our colonies in the following spring —
especially during a very backward
season like we are just passing through,
it is a source of comfort to know that

every colony has 20 pounds or more of
honey in the hive, and that we need
not worry for fear some colonies will
starve.

Aside from the matter of worry,
there is no question in my mind but
that the feeding operations — opening
up the hives during inclement weather
— and other work necessitated by bees
that are light in stores in early spring
is anything but conducive to the wel-
fare of the colonies.

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

The Lang-stpoth or Divisible

Brood-Chamber Hive—

Which ?

A correspondent from Germany has
written me in regard to the kind of
American style of hive I would advise
him to adopt especially for out-apiaries,
having read some of my articles on the
divisible brood-chamber hives I have
been using for several years. He has
studied American apiculture thor-
oughly through several of the books
and papers on bees and bee-keeping of
this country, and is well acquainted
with our hives, appliances, and meth-
ods of management. However, it has
been a hard matter for him to decide
which hive to adopt, since there is such
a difference of opinion expressed in
these books and papers. He had almost
decided to adopt the regular standard
Langstroth 10-frame hive when articles
like those of Alexander were read;
while, again, such articles as those by
Stachelhausen, Hand, Chambers, and
those by myself on the divisible brood-
chamber hives and their advantages,
changed his views and left him with-
out knowing what to do.

He gives a description of the charac-
ter and the conditions of the surround-
ings under which the honey crop is ob-
tained, and the time of blooming of the
sources from which the honey-flow
comes, viz.: White clover blooming
from June 1,^ to July 15 ; basswood lat-
ter part of June to end of July, and
soon followed by the main source, the
heather, lasting until Sept. 15. The
bees are moved to the heather fields,
which are from 3 to 10 kilos distant
from where our correspondent resides.

The honey from white clover and
basswood is extracted, and the heather
honey being too thick to be extracted,
is mostly sold in the comb, the combs
being cut from the " skeps " or frames.
Sections are unknown.

He further questions me in regard
to using full sheets of comb founda-
tion in shallow frames for bulk comb
honey — whether comb honey built

from such is not found " gobby " when
eaten. Examinations of the apiaries
are made every 6 or 8 days, no person
being with the bees between these
visits. I might add that my corres-
pondent favors a hive like the one de-
scribed by me, but wishes my opinion.

Now for my advice : Since I have
had such excellent success with the
divisible brood-chamber hive, I would
certainly adopt it where the conditions
are like those given, but whether this
kind of hive is best for the other fel-
low is better found out by first giving
a few a thoroxigh trial. That is the
way I began, with no great visions be-
fore me to begin with, but the actual
practise and the success with them
gradually induced me to increase the
number in use.

Since both comb and extracted honey
are the products of my dozen apiaries —
much like that mentioned by the en-
quirer— the circumstances in both cases
are about the same. Here extracted
honey is first obtained in this wise :
As soon as the colonies begin to get
crowded room is given, not on top but
betweeti the upper section partly full of
honey and lower one of the brood-
chamber. When this is done the sea-
son is already well advanced, and, if
the swarming season, it prevents
swarming to a surety. The middle
case is soon filled with brood, and the
scattering honey over that used up by
the bees is carried above into the upper
case, now an extracting super. With
a deeper hive, or the Langstroth, room
could not be given in any such way ex-
cept to set a shallow super on top. But
unless the crowded condition of the
brood-nest is broken up and laying-
room provided, swarming will go on
just the same; or the time-taking,
tedious handling of frames must be re-
sorted to.

If full-depth supers are used, combs
can be lifted up and exchanged for
empty ones, but \ prefer the shallow
supers ; besides, the large supers would
be too large for our purpose unless the
extracted honey-flow was a very good

one. Then the handling of the frames
takes more time.

With the shallow extracting-super on
the hive nearly full, a second one is
given if needed before the flow for
comb honey begins. Our object should
be to have one super well filled on
every colony by this time that is to
store in the comb-honey supers. Just
before the flow begins these supers are
given between the full extracted honey
super and the brood-chamber. Starters
only are necessary in these, as the bees
will be secreting, and have an excess
of wax from the work done intheex-
tracting-supers, and work will begin at
once, so that by the time the main flow
begins, the combs will be partly drawn
out ready for the honey. This is an
ideal condition to get fine comb honey,
and built out excellently. The brood-
nest will not be clogged with honey,
but brood instead, and the colony will
come through stronger with a lot of
young bees for any subsequent honey
gathering, either surplus or for winter
stores.

The advantages of shallow supers
are well known to many bee-keepers,
even to some of the opposers of the
divisible hive ; but just here is where
the divisible hive makes the shallow
supers more valuable, in that they can
be interchanged. For extracting supers
I prefer them. Their first cost may be
slightly more, but "I soon get that out
of them.'' Lighter weight foundation
can be used in full sheets, and without
wiring. If starters are used there is
not so much drone comb. When filled
the honey is removed by cases, in a
wholesale way, in a short time. No
use in trying to get around that. In
uncapping / know I can uncap 2 of
these faster than a deep comb, and 2 of
my shallow combs hold more honey
than one of the Langstroth size.

For bulk comb honey they are the
best (and most extensively used).
Weaker colonies will often fill one of
these when they would not even have
begun in a deep one. and this holds for
all colonies during a short flow or in a
bad year. Besides, deep frames can
not be filled with full sheets of founda-
tion light enough for comb honey, for
it will be "gobby." Even shallow
frames are better with starters only,
especially when used under full supers
of extracted honey, as already men-
tioned. This also answers our corres-
pondent's question. Such supers of
comb honey are also taken off in a
wholesale way just like the extracted
honey.

Who would think of producing sec-
tion comb honey in anything but shal-
low supers of one tier of sections and
the tiering-up system ? Hence. I see
no reason why the same should not be
applied to extracted honey, for it is
used in bulk-comb-honey production.
My advice is to try a few such hives
first and compare them with the others.

Our %Voo«1 Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the imerican
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for SO cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address oftice of the American Bee Journal.

May 9, 1907

395

AmoricaiVBcc Journai^0^^^^^l^^

<*)r. /las

flf fejio^ ifs^

The

'Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Requkening a Laying-Worker
Colony

It is so seldom worth while to save a
colony with laying- workers and try to
make it accept a queen, that we might
well afford to ignore the whole subject
so far as direct profit is concerned. But
if one brother succeeds and the rest of
us mostly fail, we ought to be stirred
up a little to find out the reason why.
Can't afford to let our knowledge-box
go empty. H. Piper, who evidently
knows what he is talking about, has a
method which he says succeeds tvery
time. Queer that such simple varia-
tions should make such a difference.
First, the queen must be an old one.
Second, she must be as hungry as she
can well be without getting weak.
Third, put her on comb where she can't
find any open honey to help herself
to — and not in any crowd of bees.
Watch and boss matters until you see
her accept honey from the bees, and be
sufficiently fed. Then quietly close
up — they won't kill her after that.
Well, what is there in this, 1 wonder ?
Puts her under slight bonds not to mis-
behave herself — that's good so far.
Stomach well filled with food just re-
gurgitated by citizens, makes her a
little more at one with the other citi-
zens than a meal drawn out of a cell
could do. (Breathing exactly the same
kind of onions that the rest breathe!)
And why an old queen ? Is it that
young queens have a great deal more
of the ineradicable individualties of
odor ? Possibly have also learned in
their lives to be more tolerant both of
manners and smells. Still, I would not
have predicted success for the plan. If
it's all right, something profitable to
ordinary introduction ought to come
out of it. He properly reminds us that
the colony must have some young bees
in a few days, else they can't rear
brood much.

It's a sharp, and probably good, idea
to use on bees united from above, to
get them down at the rear rather than
down over the entrance. The savage
bees are down at the front. Help on
this improvement by turning them end
for end — so they will incline Xo go down
at what seems to them to be the front,
but is now really the rear. Page 319.

That Tallest Bee-Keepkr.

So bee-keeper Rehorst kind o' upset
the State of Wisconsin with his chal-
lenge for a taller man. Also upsets
the rule that giants die young, as he is
63. Upsets my notions of how much
stature goes down with age- I thought

it was but a fraction of an inch ; and
he has decreased 1% inches. Only b
feet S inches now. Of course, he up-
sets the old proverb, "Like master,
like man." If his bees were like him-
self, they would be worth going to see.
Page 319.

Scale Records.

A. E. Patton's report of his scale
hive is interesting. And reporting
gains by weeks instead of by days
gives something of a different turn to
the thing in reporting a quite moder-
ate flow. Scale records, we have never
had a surplus of, I believe. Page 319.

New Mouse for Moth-Larv.e—
Those Mouse Experiments.

No, Mr. Pryal, we don't need to breed
a new mouse to exterminate moth-
larvx". The one we now have is tip-

top, as I long ago found out. And,
sometimes, as in yourcase, he does very
little damage except in digging out
the small, silk-bound nests that get
formed. Hut I fear it won't do to as-
sume in advance of experiment that he
will do so good a job except when very
hungry— which same is his normal con-
dition when he gets into a comb closet.
I shall have to ask the forbearance
of the brethren for not, even yet, re-
peating and verifying the important
mouse experiment I gave a while ago —
and for not getting to the new ones
which I had in view. Be merciful to
the everlasting worthlessness and do-
nothingness of the invalid. But here
is one experiment fresh as yesterday,
that has its lesson as an experiment
that went wrong: At 11 a.m. I put in
the cage of two captive mice a frame
taken from a starving colony. It had
fresh-capped brood, and some bees
scarcely dead crawled into the cells.
What I expected was that the mice
would eat quite a meal of the brood.
What I hoped was that they would
spend some of their leisure time pull-
ing the bees out. Didn't do either one.
What they did do was to gnaw the
comb quite a bit in about five different
places. Why was this thus? I had
taken the comb out 6 hours after it was
put in. Did they enjoy the taste of
the comb as they chewed it ? Or was
it the simple joy of having something
available to nibble ? Or was it a little
of both ? Hoc docet Our theories
and expectations and hopes and notions
ofttimes go all to pieces the minute
they run up against some simple ex-
periment. Page 333.

vV

Uocfor Millers

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Transferring Bees, Etc.

1. Some time ag:o I discovered bees in a tree
after cutting it. 1 cut off as close on each
side of their entrance as I thought I could
without culling through the honey, and
brought them to the house. Can I transfer
them to a hive? If so, how?

2. Musi 1 have foundation-starters for ihe
brood-frames?

3. Are the bees likely to swarm if left in
the log ?

4. The bees are dark with 3 yellow bands.
Whal race are they ! Illinois.

Answer.— The bees are likely to swarm un-
less ihey have too much empty room in the
log. If so, better saw off the empty part.
Then leave them until they swarm, hive the
swarm in a movable-frame hive, set it in place
of the log-hive, and set the log-hive close be-
side it. A week Liter set the log-hive on lop
the other — of course, no communication be-
tween the two. Three weeks after the swarm-
ing you can set the log-hive in a new place to

build up for the next year. Or, you can cut
open the log-hive and transfer into a frame-
hive. If you care for honey and not increase,
cut open the log-hive 3 weeks after swarming,
brush all the bees into the swarm and melt up
the combs. In any case the swarm is the one
to count on for surplus.

If you give empty frames without starters
the bees may build combs crosswise, and your
combs will not be movable. Small starters
will give too much drone-comb; full sheets
will give all worker-comb.

If all the bees have 3 yellow bands they are
likely Italians. If some have less than 3
bands, they are hybrids.

Perhaps Affected Only by Bad
Weather

What is the matter with my bees? I had
36 colonies to start in Ihe winter and lost 4.
The 32 did Bnely in the warm spell in .March,
and I thought i never had had bees doing

Ma> 'I, 1907

American Hee Journal

better; but April 1st thej began to dwindle,
and it looks now as if I were going to lose all
of them. They look all right in color, but
they can not fly. The ground is strewn with
them crawling around, and they can not gtt
on the wing. I opened the strongest colony
to-day, thinking it was queenless, but found
the queen and some brood, but no larva>, and
the queen had begun laying eggs, but not
many. The strong colonies have lots of dead
bees in front of them, and a great many not
dead yet. They act as if they were poisoned,
but it continues so long I fear it is bee-chol-
era. I have lost 13 colonies, and will lose sev-
eral more if the weather stays bad and they
keep dying as they have been doing. Their
abdomens are natural in size and the color is
natural. I do not see anyjoung larv;e in
front of the hives.

My bees were short of stores last fall and I
fed them 1}4 barrels of granulated sugar, acd
so it can not be stores. Indiana.

-\NSWER.— The probability is that there is
no trouble except the terrible weather. I
don't remember a spring just like it in 45
years. A few days of summer in March made
the bees start a lot of brood that they couldn't
care for when it froze up again, and the
nurses were in no condition to stand the con-
finement. To-day — 2 days later than the date
of your letter — it begins to look as if we
might have spring again in place of winter,
and we will hope that by the time this meets
your eye in print your bees will be on the up-
grade — greatly reduced, to be sure, but
healthy, ai3d hopefully building up again.

Feeding Pollen Substitutes

Where can I get a kind of bee powder or
food that is fed to bees to make them work
better and produce more honey? My neigh-
bor uses such, but refuses to tell me where he
got it, or what it is. It looks something like
wheat flour. Bees like it very much.

Minnesota.

Answer. — There is no sort of secret powder
or food that can be given to bees to make
them do more unless it be honey and pollen,
and there's no secret about that. The thing
probably meant in the present case is some
kind of meal used in place of pollen. In the
spring, when the weather is good, and yet
there is no pollen to be had, set out a box or
dish of any size containing some kind of
meal, and the bees will take it in place of pol-
len. Grain of any kind ground will answer.
The kind I have used more than any other is
ground oats and corn— the kind that cattle
and horses eat, that kind being conveniently
on hand. Put a stone or block under one side
of the box, and when the bees dig the meal
down level, change the stone to the other
side. They will dig out all the fine parts, and
the coarser parts that are left can be fed to 4-
legged stock. But just as soon as they can
get the natural pollen they will desert the
meal-boxes.

Cold Weather for Bees-Rearing

ttueens-Brood Foundation -

Hive-Covers

1. Is this steady cold weather liable to hurt
the bees very much?

2. I also have a select breeding-queen which
I bought last spring, and would like to rear
all young queens from her. How would it
do to build this colony up strong early, make
them queenless, and after they had started
queen cells divide them into about 7 nucleus
colonies, and then when my other bees swarm
unite each swarm with one of these nucleus
colonies, letting the bees run through a queen-
excluder and catch the queen and put her
back into the old colony, move that to one
side, cut out all queen-cells, and set the new
swarm where the old one stood, and after 10
days remove the old colony to another stamii
If this plan will not work, will you please
give me a better one'!

3. What kind of brood-foundation do you

use, and how many sheets does it run to the
pound »

4. How would you have your hive-covers
made if you were buying new hives? I want
to increase to 12 or 14 colonies this year.

MiCBIGAS.

Answers — 1. Yes, in some places there
has been a confinement of 3 weeks in April
from continued cold weather, and there is
danger that not a few colonies, reduced at
this time of year to their smallest numbers,
will have all stores within reach eaten, and
will starve with plenty of honey in the hive.

2. If your bees don't get to swarming be-
fore you are ready for them, the plan will
work. By adding combs of brood from other
colonies you can have your best colony oc-
cupy 2 stories. Then you ought to be able to
get your queens started in fruit-bloom, as
this is supposed to be very abundant in your

region. I have worked the plan a little dif-
ferently. Queens were clipped, and when
the swarm issued the queen clipped was
picked up, the nucleus eet in place of the old
colony, allowing the swarm to return and
enter the nucleus of its own accord. This al-
ways succeeded, but some others have said
that their queens were killed by the return-
ing bees. It this should happen with you,
you could cage the queen in a provisione(J
cage.

3. Medium brood, running 7 or 8 sheets to
the pound.

4. " I'm not sure whether I'd get the kind I
now have, or try rubberoid or something of the
kind that might cost less. The ones I have
are double, an upper and a lower part of ?»
stuff, 'V inches apart, so as to leave an air-
space between, covered with tin or zinc. The
only objection is that they cost about 30 cents
each.

Report of the 37th Arnjal Conven-
tion of the National bee- Keepers'
Association, held in 5an An.
tonio.Tex., Nov.8-io, '06

(Continued from page 376 )
Cause and Cure of Bee-Paralysis.

"What is the cause of bee-paralysis,
and what is the best cure?"

Mr. Coggshall — I have been where
it is. Mr. Poppleton has it in Florida,
He can not cure it; the bees die about
as fast as they increase, and just about
keep even.

Mr. Piper — I asked that question. Of
course I think I have a cure, but I
would like to know the cause of it. I
use sulphur as a remedy. Some recom-
mend putting it on top of the frames.
If you do you will kill the brood, though
I found putting it on the bottom-board
is effective, and it does not kill the
brood. But of course I know there is
another cure by introducing a new
queen.

Pres. Dadant — I wish to say that this
is an international disease; it is known
in every country, although in cold
countries it is less prevalent.

Mr. Anderson — I once thought that it
was caused from certain flowers until
I experimented with extracted honey
from a few colonies. Those bees I car-
ried through on the sugar syrup. In
order to test the matter I extracted the
honey late in the fall, from a few colo-
nies, and allowed the bees to clean up
the combs, and I used those combs to
feed the other bees; that is, I fed the
sugar syrup. I hived the bees and
found them this way: Those bees that
were carried through on the sugar syrup
showed the disease equally as bad as the
others.

Dr. Bohrer — With regard to paralysis,
my opinion is that it affects the bees
just as it does mankind, and I don't

know what to attribute it to. Persons
are not exempt from paralysis at any
age ; the infant will have it, the 5 or
10 year old boy will have it, a.id the old
man will have it, and very often when
he least expects it. In fact, an old man
in my settlement boasted of his good
Health and yet he was taken home from
• prayer-meeting stricken with paralysis
and died the next day. Paralysis, I
say, affects the nervous system, and if
we can find some kind of honey that
will injure the nervous system we may
get at the cause. Dr. Phillips is con-
ducting experiments along this line. I
suggest that he try it. Sulphur, it is
said, has cured it by being sprinkled
among the bees ; but I don't know
whether it has.

Mr. Rankin — The last year and a half
I have been in California, and most of
my work has been on bee-diseases. I
am not prepared to say that it is a
nervous disease, but I am prepared to
say that I don't know the cause, and
don't know a remedy.

Wm. Atchley — I have had a little ex-
perience along that line. I don't be-
lieve that it is catching. I have tried to
see if I could not affect other colonies
with it, but failed. It is no doubt caused
by the queen, and I have cured it by
doing away with that queen.

L. Jones — I have had some experience
with paralysis of the bees. Dr. Bohrer
said he attributed it to the nervous sys-
tem. I think it is due to the digestive
system. I read an article advising the
use of sulphur — just sprinkle it over
the top of the frames. I had a man
working for me, and we sprinkled the
sulphur over the frames, and the next
two or three days he said: "Look here,
Jones, I believe you have killed every
one of them." That was late in the
fall, , and the next spring the disease
did not show up. Mr. Atchley says he
does not believe it is catching. I don't

May 9, 1907

397

Anu^rican liee Journal

know whether it is catching or not, but I
would have one hive affected here, and
another over there, and they would die.

A Member — I would like to call your
attention to the fact that Mr. Jones has
said that he sprinkled sulphur, and that
he killed the bees. Is it not possible
you killed the bees that would have
died any way?

Mr. Jones — I don't know. After that
the dying ceased, and the next spring
the disease did not show up on those
colonies.

Mr. Anderson — I believe my bees had
that disease in Utah as well as any-
where else. At one time I went into
my apiary with a Southern bee-keeper
of much experience, and we noticed in
the front of a colony dead bees strung
out for some distance. He said: "What
is the matter?" We found 3 colonies in
an apiary of over 100 in just that con-
dition. He said ; "I wish you would
go right to town and see if anyone is
spraying trees, and ascertain what it
is with." I did so, and I did not find
anyone spraying. I said, "I am going
to get right on a horse and go to see
Mr. R., who is our county inspector."
He said, "It is simply a revolution go-
ing on, and when they get that conflict
finished they will be all right." I went
home and inspected my bees, and was
convinced that there was a fight on.
This may be a mistake, but I have never
seen anything like it since.

Pres. Dadant — I think it will be neces-
sary for me to say that this is out of
the question. They are not fighting,
the other bees are carrying them off.
This has nothing to do with bee-par-
alysis, or "May Disease," as the Euro-
peans call it, and I would like to hear
more about it.

Mr. Stone — Is it not a settled fact
that medical men can not cure paraly-
sis? The reason I say this is that if it
can not be cured, why try to cure the
disease, but just prevent the spread of
it? I know a case where there was a
doctor who had a daughter that was
paralyzed ; he went to an osteopathist
and said, "I have a daughter in the
same condition that I lost one two
years ago; you can cure her." And the
osteopathist did cure here.

Pres. Dadant — Now, we are od the
subject again. We called up the sub-
ject of bee-paralysis. The gentleman
said it was not a nervous disease, but a
disease of the digestive organs, al-
though we call it bee-paralysis.

Mr. Parsons — I have had a little ob-
servation along the line of paralysis
for more than 25 years, and a short
while ago I was looking over my jour- ■
nal, and I found a great many instances
where colonies had been affected with
it. It appears in colony No. 4, and
the record stated that it was not
thought worth moving, and some 4 to
6 weeks later it cast a swarm ; it had
built up sufficiently to cast a swarm and
that swarm I found was entirely clear
of paralysis. I had such a case, and
kept that colony built up, and I had no
return of the disease during the next
season. It was our custom for a num-
ber of years, that when a colony was
affected with what we call paralysis, I
would take the hives otif and fumigate

them with sul|)linr, put the combs in a
honey-house, disiribute the brood, some-
times among tla: other colonies, and I
would see no evil effects of it. But of
late years, when I see a colony affected
with it, I have lo be more barbarous,
so I simply ciirr it by fumigating the
bees; but it is 111, opinion that it is not
spread by an int Mchange of combs, and
I know that it iloes get well, and re-
mains well for OIK- season. I have had
in my yards, col inies affected with it
for 3 years, and they never would build
up so as to gather any surplus honey.
I have tried a good many treatments —
nearly everything that I read in the bee-
paper.s — but if I have ever found any-
thing that was good, I don't know of it.

Pres. Dadant — Mr. France has called
our attention to the fact that bee-dis-
eases would be discussed Monday, and
I will now call for the next question.

Dr. Bohrer — I want to make myself
better understood. It is definitely
known that there is a kind of paralysis
that comes from the digestive organs.

Smoker-Fuel.

■'Are dry rags and old bones good for
smoker- fuel?"

Mr. Aten — I read in a paper that
some suggest old bones and dry rags
for fuel.

Mr. Holekamp — I suggested dry
leaves.

Moths and Pollenless Combs.

"Will moth-worms destroy comb
where there is no pollen?"

Mr. Hyde — I dropped that question
in. I thought I would like to hear
some of the bee - keepers talk on
It. I can give my experience in a few
words. Where there is no pollen there
will be no moth-worm.

Dr. Phillips — I have seen it in comb
foundation.

Mr. Victor — Combs with pollen are
much worse than combs without pol-
len.

Wm. Atchley — I wish to differ from
Mr. Hyde very much, as I have had
them to eat up combs with no pollen
in them, and have had them to de-
stroy solid cakes of beeswax.

Mr. Hyde — In that case, was there
not some comb near by, or did they
degenerate?

Wm. Atchley— Why, I don't think
there was any empty comb there.

Mr. Wurth — I have had the same
experience as Mr. Atchley, in regard
to destroying combs with no pollen in
them ; they will destroy them.

Mr. Stone — My experience has been
like tlie one who asked the question.
I have never known the moth to be
in any of the extracting frames in
my honey-house, and I have always
attributed it to the fact that there was
no pollen in the fr.-.mes.

Mr. France — As ;; partial explanation
of moth-worms jerking on wax, in
many places in our State, it is the
combs with apparently no pollen that
are rendered into wax; and when- that
wax is settled, you would be surprised
to see the amount of pollen in it. It
is the same way with foundation. More
or less pollen is in it. as in the wax. I
seldom see them in new combs.

Mr. White- 1 want to give an ex-
perience I had last spring with the
worms. During our convention in
North Texas, we had a little discus-
sion about the moth-worm. Some asked
me to bring in a dry comb. As near as
I could tell it was clean, smooth, nice
comb, and after the convention was
over I just set it back in the corner
of the office, and it was left there for a
few weeks ; 1 did not move it, and
I thought one day that I would put it
away. The moth-worms had eaten it
up, while, according to my judgment,
there was no pollen in it ; if any was
there it was very little, and I thought
then that the particles had fallen out on
the floor. I had learned a lesson. I
believe worms will get into combs
where there is no pollen.

Pres. Dadant — I wish to correct an
impression, which I consider is a mis-
take, given by Mr. France, that foun-
dation contain a great deal of pollen.

Mr. France — You are mistaken : I
did not say that.

Pres. Dadant — Did you not say that
melted wax contained pollen?

Mr. France — I was speaking of old
wax.

Mr. Jones — I have had a good deal
of experience with combs and moth-
worms. I have a honey-house that I
put away my combs in. and I some
way favor Mr. Hyde's idea. In put-
ting away those combs I was very
careful that no pollen whatever got
in, but I can not say absolutely that
it did not get in there. I have noticed
that if there was a little brood they
are just as bad to commence on it, and
when I looked over my combs the moth-
worm had commenced there.

Perfect Packages for Shipping Honey.

"Is there a way to educate the bee-
keepers to use perfect packages for
shipping honey.

Mr. Muth — It was I who put that
question in. The majority of bee-keep-
ers ship their honey to market in sec-
ond-hand molasses barrels, and second-
hand tin cans, and it is only those per-
fect packages from the West that come
through without loss. Imperfect pack-
ages make high rates on freight, and un-
pleasant business relations, and if they
can get down to new packages — if honey
is worth anything at all, it would be
a good idea to educate them a little on
this point. As it is now, most of the
small shippers ship their honey in a very
careless manner. The bee-papers could
do a whole lot more on that subject, but
they don't.

Mr. Hyde — I thought that we bee-
keepers in Texas were doing pretty well
along that line the last few years. In
1902 and 1903 we had a good deal of
trouble in the packages for shipping —
a great deal of loss in the transit — and
all sized cans and packages that could
be thought of ; but we bee-keepers of
Texas saw that we needed some pack-
ages of the proper size, and not too
many of them, so at College Station in
our meeting this year, we passed upon
it that a certain sized package be used,
and we also recommended a heavier
case. We put this before the railroad
companies, and they accepted our speci-

398

American Vee Journal

May 9, 1907

fications. We thought that was settled
in Texas. I don't know what other
States are doing. We have the two
6o-pounds, and ten i2-pounds; and then
we have two more sizes — the ten 6-
pounds, and the twenty 3-pounds.

Mr. York— I agree with Mr. Muth,
that the bee-papers could do more along
this line, but the dealers should write
something about the proper shipping
packages. I am reminded of a ship-
ment that came from a dealer in Wis-
consin lately, in second-hand glucose
barrels. And the drayman made the re-
mark that the dealer was shipping in
glucose! I think that ought to be
stopped.

Mr. Muth— I have had some experi-
ence in shipping honey in glucose bar-
rels; that man that shipped the honey
in glucose barrels lacked experience ; that
is very customary. However, if you
have a clean heart and clean hands you
don't care what kind of barrel honey
is shipped in. I do know positively
that glucose barrels are the best for
honey; they have 6 hoops, and they
will hold 700 pounds of honey, net. If
you will have 2 more hoops placed on
them, and drive them tight, they v/ill
not leak, and you can ship them any-
where throughout this world. I have
shipped them to New York, New Or-
leans, and many places in the South,
and I will guarantee that they will
stand shipment in the hottest we'ather;
they are a perfect success if it is done
right. But when you buy them from a
grocer and soak them up with water,
and then fill them with honey, the re-
ceiver is robbing you, they say.
(Continued ue.xl week,}

Destruction of Bees by Smelter-
Smoke

After a severe struggle of over 2 years, we
have finally succeeded in accomplishing a set-
tlement by arbitration with the great smelter
companies in the Salt Lake Valley for the de-
struction of the bee-industry by the poison of
smelter fumes. Prior to the advent of these
smelters the far-famed Salt Lake Valley was
the banner county of Utah for the production
of bees and honey. Ten years ago there were
over 10,000 colonies of bees in the county.
Now there are not 10 left. At first when
bees began to die off, the bee-keepers, not
knowmg just what the trouble was, began to
buy more, which died off faster than the first
ones. Some of our bee-keepers, having done
well with their bees, depending upon them for
a living, did not like to give them up. These
lost all, and in some instances these losses
were very serious. While at first the bees
thus purchased partly paid for themselves be-
fore they died, now they die off without pro-
ducmg anything, the writer having lost, all
told, over i.ooo colonies, and- a few others in
like itroportions.

While our bee-keepers have suffered an enor-
■"ous loss, we finally compromised on a basis
of $1,500 from each of the 4 smelter com-
panies, and these figures, as compared to our
loss, are entirely too low. But we started into
this matter for a friendly settlement with the
smelter people by arbitration, and we told them
that if we did not succeed it would not be the
bee-keepers' fault. And if we had entered a
suit, a ii'dpnient mi<*ht have been the exf'-nt
of our victory, which is a poor thing to live
on. Jiut a little cash has helped many of our

Standard^Bred Italian
1 FREE

PREMIUII IIUEESS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every year FREE to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

Qeoi-gf 11". York ifc Co..- — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are fine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York <t' Co : — After importing
queens lor 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 9^2 Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date, and, although I kept the hive
.well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

Oeorgp IT. York & Co.: — The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N, P. OOLESBT.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

Oeorge W. York ifc Co.: — The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 30 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
vour promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., II!., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for SI. 00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send SI. 50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Qaeen orders
will be tilled in rotation — " first come, first
served.'' Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street, - CHICAGO, ILL,

May 9, 1907

399

American Hee Journal h

bcc-kccpcrs materially. Besides, there are 2
sides to every vexed question.

In this ease the smelters were made wel-
coine, as no one anticipated any trouble from
their operation. Then if we take into consid-
eration the imforcseen complications of this
long-drawn-out question, our bee-keepers real-
ize the situation we have had to cope with,
and they are very well satisfied with the final
settlement reached, and I feel grateful to them
for the many thanks and kind expressions for
niy feeble elTorls in this matter. Personally,
it has been one of the lights of my life. 1
have neither time nor space to describe the
voluminous coiTespoiidence of our long and
persistent efforts and determination never to
"give in" short of a successful issue, and
while our smelter friends gave us all due
credit, they thanked us for our patience and
courteous good-nature, which was mutual and
thus, although it was a long, tedious affair,
it was pleasant throughout.

The locating of the smelters in the center
of the Salt Lake ^'alley was a grave blunder
that should not be repeated, but instead of
moving them — which certainly should even-
tually be done — some parties are agitating
the building of others under like conditions,
and one was actually built last year near the
agricultural center of Weber and Boxelder
counties, and a protest was sent by the bee-
keepers to the company before the smelter was
built. If the bees were destroyd by the smoke
. — which is more than likely — the bee-keepers
will claim full damage for their loss. There
is no question but that the smelters have de-
stroyed, and 'are destroying, the agricultural
industry of Salt Lake county, and it certainly
should be stopped. The agricultural settlers
have rights which should be respected. Their
homes and farms should not be destroyed.
Then let the smelters be built in or near the
mountains where the smoke will seek the hills
or in some other location where the rights of
others will not be injured. E. S. IvOVKSy.

Salt Lake City, Utah, March 12.

been asserted. N. iihrr are they as active work-
ers as Italians. ri rhaps not pure," did you
say? Well. 1 ^■,,l the quech from the Got-
ernment apiaries .11 Washington.

Metz, Wis. p. A. Strohschhih.

Covered Entrances— Grass in Front
of Entrances— Solar Wax-Ex-
tractor—Caucasians

About a year ago, O. L. Hershiser in a long
article described his patented bottom-board.
One of its virtues was to prevent colonies
becoming depopulated by many bees leaving
the cluster and going out through the entrance
and not returning. Now it may be that things
would go differently with the Hershiser bot-
tom, but with an ordinary one I have con-
vinced myself that it is bad to fasten a bee-
tight screen over the entrance.

Last fall I made the entrances of 18 colo-
nies bee-tight with wire-cloth. In 3 or 4
weeks after cellaring, all colonies with closed
entrances made much commotion. This also
stirred up others with open entrances near by.
One shut-in colony acted the same as when a
hive is closed in summer. All of its bees, so
it appeared, were at the entrance attempting to
get out. As I could not drive them to their
places and tie them, and as they did not cease
their attempts at getting out voluntarily, I re-
moved the screen. They then rushed out and
many flew away, and, of course, were lost
forever. This colony has been comparatively
uneasy until today (February 26). As the
weather permitted, I gave them a flight and
now hope they will "keep their mouths shut."

Those are fine California views on the cover
page of the February 21st issue, but what tall
grass or weeds among the hives! Does Sir
Patrick not know that Doolittle claims that the
yield may be reduced one-half by such ob-
structed entrances? I dislike to see bees pull
on a spear of grass as they will when grass
grows in front of the entrances. It makes
me feel as if I were attempting to pull out
large trees that some one else (my superior,
of course) had neglected to remove, though
a great hindrance to my work.

The "Canadian Beedomer" thinks a solar
wax-extractor unnecessary, as the cappings can
be washed of adhering honey and then melted
in water. But how about pieces of dark comb
that accumulate during the busy season? If
not put through a solar-extractor, the residue
to be rendered by the hot-water method, I have
found that they will mostly be eaten up by
the wax-moth larvse, keep them where I may.

As I think many tried Caucasian bees last
season, I am surprised to see so very few re-
ports of their accomplishments. I have had
one colony for 2 seasons, and that has been
one too many. I dare not "kick" them as
some assert they do, for they will kick back.
In other words, they are not gentle as has

Keeping Bees In Buildings

On piigeHlS, li I'liirisylvanian asks Dr. .Mil-
ler about ketpini' bees In a back jard, also
about having them in a butldinpr. In accord-
ance with my oxpiiionce Dr. Miller's answer
is right. It may be interesting to other read-
ers of the Americun Bee .lournal to learn
what has actually been done on that line. I
kept from 10 to ,.b colonies of bees for 20
years in a town in Lebanon Co., Pa., about 30
yards from Main street, most of them in a
building with an open front; and 41 years
here in Virginia, L'l) years of which were in
a town here. I now have 10 colonies in my
barn. I cut out an opening :t feet high on
the east gable end, set the hives inside of the
building and they do better than the 60 colo-
nies right outside on the ground in pairs, not
over 6 feet from the barn, 10 in a row. Dur-
ing this time I had LJ colonies in my house in-
side at the gable-end window, raising the sash
IJ-.j inches almost right along Main street in
the town. I never bad any trouble nor was
annoyed with the bees at the barn or here,
myself and family passing daily under and
between those on the ground.

I practise Dr. Miller's advice about opening
the hives and working iate in the day, when
I can.

I find the Italian and golden strains more
gentle than any other I have, or have had.
Caution must be used about the mice in the
barn, as I lost 3 good colonies last winter;
but in the summer I have no trouble.

William Ubich.

Herndon, Va., April 23.

Cold April— Slow Breeding

A very cold April here thus far, and the
time which bees gained in March has proba-
bly been more than lost now. Breeding has
not progressed with rapidity, and colonies are
to-day with less brood than they usually are
at this season. But they bred early in March
and young bees have very largely replaced
the old bees, and you know that this means
rapid work as soon as warm weather does
come. Allen Latham.

Norwich, Conn., April 21.

Report for Last Season

I now have 7 colonies. Last year I had 5,
and the year before that 2; so you see I have
been going slowly, as you advise. My honey
crops have been: 1005,189 sections and 61
pounds of extracted honey from 2 colonies,
and increased to 5 by natural swarming (I
use the l}2-inch plain section with 8-frame
dovetailed hive; 1906, 126 sections and 46
pounds extracted from 5 colonies, and in-
creased to 6. All was buckwheat as white
clover did not yield. This is the amount of
honey I sold besides what we use, which is
considerable. I took my bees out of the cel-
lar March 26. They gathered some pollen in
March from willows and maples, but have
not had a flight this month, as it has been
cold all the time. A. Ott.

South Haven, Mich., April I".

Chunk Honey^Queen-Exeluders

I notice in the Report of the National Con-
vention at San Antonio, last November, that
the Report has me to say that 1 am a comb
honey produeer. This is a mistake. I pro-
duced something like 16,0C0 pounds of honey
about 20 cases of w hich was chunk honey.

I do not use queen-excluders, and will not
have them on the place, except one or two to
strain out an occasional queen that I can not
find. I coax my tiueens to lay in any part of
the hive they desire. I do this to have popu-
lous colonies, and :i populous colony pro-
duces a large yivhA of honey. I have used
queen-excluders, and my experience with

them goes to show that they not only restrict
the queen in many cases, but retard the bees
in transit to the upper story. The queen. ex-
cluder for mo is a positive nuisance, and I
would not tolerate one on a hive for any con-
sideration.

As to section-honey producing, I am not in
it. I hate seeliuns worse than I do a scrap-
iron pile. They are a nuisance for me from
every point of view. There is at least 4 times
as much work connected with their produc-
tion as compared to chunk honey, saying
nothing about short sections, and non-mar-
ketable sections due to a host of causes that
are familiar to every bee-man of note. I took
all my sections and section paraphernalia,
piled it up and had a huge bonfire.

There is no trouble to sell all the extracted
and chunk comb honey that you can produce,
if you put it out under a positive guarantee
as to its purity, etc., and back the guarantee
with the money. I do not say it boastfully,
but I fell short about 7000 pounds of extracted
honey last season, at good prices.

Bartlett, Tex. T. P. Robinson.

A Colony That Deserted Its Hive

Day before yesterday a '-swarm" of bees
alighted in this town. I heard of it and could
not believe it. But I went and saw the tree
or bush and hunted the man that hived them,
and also saw the bees. I have kept bees hO
years, more or less, and never knew of the
like.

The weather is cold ; no buds nor flowers
have started; but a cold wind with nothing
for bees to get. The man who found the
bees IS feeding them. Willard Mann.

Bufifalo, Minn., April 2.5.

Mating of Bees

My bees came through the winter in fair
condition, but we have had a very cold and
chilly spring, and I fear much brood will be
lost. I hope it may soon get warmer, and
the bees make up for lost time and come out
all right.

Not long ago I saw in some bee-paper that
a man in England had made some experi-
ments to get queens fertilized by attaching
them to a fine thread fastened to a pole, and
the writer seemed to think the plan entirely
new. Now if I am not mistaken, the plan
was tried some '30 years or more ago by Mr
Demaree, of Kentucky. So you see the plan
was not a new one.

Oil page 295 (1906) ProL Cook wrote in one
of his letters from Germany, that at one time
he witnessed the mating of bumble-bees, and
that the act proved fatal to the male. Last
summer while going through the pasture, I
saw a very large bumble-bee rise up before
me and fly about 50 yards and alight on some
weeds. 1 followed it up, and, when close
enough, I saw it was 2— a large female— and
a smaller one on its back— I suppose a male.
When I came closer they would fly some dis-
tance and alight again. They would fly away
whenever I came a little too close, until
Anally I lost sight of them. My observations
do not correspond with those of the Profes-
sor, but I did not see the finish.

Fred Bechlt.

Searsboro, Iowa, April 15.

W7_,^.i._ J Shook Swarms, with
WanXCQ S"^"' °" o°e frame.
Safe arrival guaranteed.
State kind, welg-ht, price, and time of shin-
meot. J. B. MASON,

19Alt Mechanic Falls, Maine.

ForSal6

i9A:t

TESTED ITALIAN
QUEENS, $L2= each.
Extra Eood, $2.50 each.
Make money order on
Canton, Mo.

W. SIMPSON, Meyer. III.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

400

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
dueens

The Famous
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April. May
and June delivery, for Caniiolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens— equal to the best, re-
grardless of price. Prices:

Tested Queens SI. 00 each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sabinal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote yiu prices ou Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save yoa time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M, HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Goldtn or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 2S0 fancy sections in one
season, Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCain,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, 111.

ISAlf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Queens from 1000 colonies SUPPlieS
I sell queens at— 1 queen, 25e; doz., ?3. Also
following supplies at J2 Root's prices: 1000
P ifel. fences; 1000 plain section-holders; 1000
4)4x4,14; plain sections; Daisy foundation fas-
tener; 10-inch foundation mill; 200 10-frame
wood-zincs; 2 doz. Porter escapes: 500 Hoff-
man frames. R. 1^1. !<«PI':.'\'<'KR.
4A16t .>iordlioli, Val.

Standard=Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, |1 ;
6, ?o; 12, S9. Select untested, .51.25; 6, S6; 12,
?10. Tested, -SI. 50; select, $2.50; best, $5. List
free. T. S. HALL,

llDSt .JASPER, Pickens Co., GA.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Uolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Seler.t Untested Queens, $1; 6, $5; 12, $9.
Tested, $1 50; 6, JS. Best Breeders, $3 SO. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

'•D13t Please mention the Bee Journal. ■

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
I eared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $1.10

•' Tested Queen 1 SO

•• Select Tested Queen 1.65

" Breeder Queen 2.75

*■ Comb Nucleus fno

Queen) 1.15

'- Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Untested in May. All others
ready now from last .reason's
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and description of each
eradeof Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.
J. L. STRONG
ISAtf 204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.

Amarican ^^e Journal

^ We will Buy and ||

iHOKEYl

fm of the different grades and kinds. ffcS
:^rj^ ^J=l^

e^ If you have any to dispose of, or it ^^

^1 you intend to buy, correspond ^^

^[ with us. jg§

^t We are always in, the market J^

^ for

I Beeswax

^M at highest market prices. |.j^

p Hildreth & Segelken J

May 9, 1907

265 & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

m

Mention Bee Joarnal when vrrltlns.

THE AMERICAS FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.Sc, Chemist.
4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

PleaoQ mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We offer for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at ?2.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bee* with
Tested Italian Queens, at ^.25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at S3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped about May 10, by express
(charges not prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Weil-Bred Queeos

Will greatly increaoe the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Crook's Select-
Ured Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Oook 's S<iiiare Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.

17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

" Xhe continuous advertiser
gets tlie bulk of tlie business,
because others are not adTer-
tising, and he is."

Something New=The Ideal Hive=Tool

' Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr, Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

(Thispiclure is exactly one-half the sizt .)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-grade malleable iron, much like wrought iron,
s^ inches long. The middle part is 1 1-16 inches wide and 7-:!J thick, The smaller end is 1?4 inches long, )^
inch wide, and 7-3:; thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says- •' Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. Y, 1907, hs
wrote us saying he thought "just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon, lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth,"

Ttie "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
$100; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for 81.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., CHICAQO, ILL.

May 9, 1907

Americarn T^ee Journal

0^

to

!o

■0
o

0

ore miide p\pry yenr in tho book bufiinesfl.
Every family, ru-h or I'oor. imiwt Jinvo
booke. During the Iiist ifw .M-iir^. S7.;.iKI.-
000.00 have bi-i-n cxpendt-fl for Mi-i.-rn
EloQuent-e. .$l'-'.(KXl.iJH).(iO for Stcldiird's
Lectiin-s. S-Jl.lUHJ.UiU.UO for tht< Century
Dictioiiiirv. ami the tremcrnUuis snui of
S44.0lH).m>U.ilO, covering ovi-r half ft niillinn
Rets of tho Fr.f.vclopaeiliK BritMiinim.
Those books were snid by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a snbscriptinn publication
which sells more n-udily than Htiy of tho
above. The demimd is nlreHdy so tre-
mendous thnl more canitiil is requireii to
awinj; it. or pet bphind on order?*. Prnflts
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We have flrraneed a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' eij-eri-
©nee. Remember, the success of this iiubli-
cation is not tiwiiy off in the future— it is
not prospective, but it ie a success at the
present time and Rrowing in demand
every liour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishingthisadvertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on tho
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is as
solid as the Roekof tiibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certiiin to be so creat that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildtire-

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is alreadv in successful operation,
already earning big dividen<l9.iind which
IB led to sell a small amount of its stock
simply because the business is alreinl> so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if > on would grasp this op-
portunity you must

Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In

Address your letter to me personally,
like this—

W. B. Gilbert
Dept. r; 28 JacksoD Blvd., Chicago

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Unce, a Customer Always.

Now is Uie time for you to buy your Bee-Supplles. We manufac-
ture Bee-M.ves of all kinds The Dovetail, Lan^jstroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Kemember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one ktiows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material ,itid workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just' what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRET6HMER MFG. GO., Gouncil BluHs. Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German

Mention Bee Joamal vrben

TrrltlBS.

ti^

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

Chas. Didant ct Son, Hamiltoo, 111.— This is the Smoker w
recommend above all others.

u. ri. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio —The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, '' Patented 1878
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements. '

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50—4 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest.made to use 1.10— 3>^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries .'. l]oO— 3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2}< "

Little Wonder — as its name implies .65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-ofHce free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingrham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM. FarwGll, MiGtl.

Patented Miy 2u, Is

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t

Pl»aRp m^ntinn the Bee Jonrnal.

uilllDl6X D66*nlV6 cheapest^'most' an.
rable, perfect, efficient implement. Constructed
without boards. Auyoneran manufacture it.
License of U. S. Pateat granted. Address,
17A6t P. O. BOX 332. Colton, Calif.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlns.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best slock this country
can produce Britjht Golden and Sbanded
Queeas ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 2o all orders will receive
prompt attention. Uatested Queens 60 cents
each; 6for$3.35,or li for $5 5o. Tested, $1 UO,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.00 GEO. >^ . BARNBS.

15A26t Bos 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, .?1 each; Tested Queens, 12;
Select Tested, S3. Tou can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring
Book your orders XOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Jonmal trhen wrltlns.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each; six, $3.50

Selected untested 7Sc '• "4 00

Tested $1.00 " '< 500

Selected tested 1.25 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen 2.00
Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Qreenville, Ala.

17Alf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Please MentionllheAniericau Bee Journal AdvSrTff

402

American l^ee JournaJj

May 9, 1907

TEY " BEEWARE "

FOR 1907

We are making a special effort this season to interest new customers in Lewis Beeware.

The old ones don't need to be told of the merits of these goods. They will come back to us this year because they

have found that Lewis Beeware is as nearly perfect as long experience, tnodern machinery and the best material
can make it.

Make your bees bring you more money t>y insisting on Lewis Beeware made of the finest material by skilled
workmen. The packing will please you. The count is accurate. Send to your nearest distributing point given below.

I.OOK FOB THE BRAND

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

n Js= \ A/ I ^ V

WATJlfiTO tw V \g I ^^ S

MAKES THE FtNEST

THAT YOU GET

LEWIS BEEWARE

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

EKGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyo, Herts.

FRANCE-Raymodd Gariel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 0ficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., Manzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, 141 Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,

Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, Fallbrooli .

COLORADO-Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.
Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford.
Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,

Grand Junction.
Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.
Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.
W. J. McCarty, Emmetsburg.
ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.
INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.

MICHIGAN— A. G. Woodman Co.,Grand Rapids
MASSACHUSE TTS- Alvin A. Vinal, Marsh-

fieid Hills.
MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-

neApolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.
MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.
OHIO— Norris& Anspach, Kenton.
OREGO.V— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.
PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.
TEXAS— Sonihwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,

438 W. Houston St.
UTAH— Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.
WASHINGTON— The Chas.H. Lilly Company,

Seattle.

G. B. LEWIS CO., "The original Beeware People ■ WateFtOWH, WlS.

May 9, 1907

403

American Hee Journal t

<v^^J

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

TtlB

Americaii Bee -Keeper
for 1907

It is profusely illustrated and oii-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Hoe-
Koepor continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE VV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.]

4- ^ecstpax^-

Chpcago, April 4.— Market is quite bare of
best grades of comb hoaey. When sales are
made it is on a basis of 15@17c, with very little
outlet for the ofE-grades. Extracted, 7@8c; off
grades, 6@6Mc. Beeswax in good demand at
30@32c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

CrNCiNNATi, April 16 —There is nothing new
in the honey market, excepting that this part
of thecouutry is bare of comb honey, and it is
well, for consumers will appreciate the new
crop more when it arrives. We are sellicg ex-
tracted amber honey in barrels at from Si^i^l'
b%c. Fancy table honey, SJ^c@9c, in crates of
two 60-pound cans. For choiceyellow beeswax,
free from dirt, 32c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, April 25.— The comb honey
market, on account of the lateness of the sea-
son, has grown just alittle weaker in the last
10 days, although extracted honey is kept very
firm. We think, however, there will be com
paratively little comb honey carried over ex-
cept in very small lots. We quote: Fancy
comb honey, 14@lSc; No. 1, 13@14c; amber,
12@13c. Fancy extracted honey, 7@8c; l^ght
amber, 6(a'7c. Beeswax firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, April 12.— Comb Honey.— There
is very little doing; stock of white honey of all
grades is practically cleaned up, and small
shipments which arrive from time to time, find
ready sale at 14@i5c for choice white stock, and
12@13c for off grades. Considerable dark comb
honey is left on the market, and there does not
seem to be any demand whatsoever. We quote
nominally at lormllc, but in large lots we doubt
■whether this price can be realized. Extracted
Honey,— California stock seems to be well
cleaned up, and we are informed that there is
very little left on the Coast, and, before the new
crop is marketed, whatever is on the market
now will have been consumed. The prospects
n California are very good for a large crop, but
nothing defidite can be said ai this time, and
there is no surety of a bigcropuntil it is actually
gathered. Last season the outlook was just as
good, but in the height of the season, cold
northern winds aud generally contrary weather
affected the crop to such an extent that it was
small as in previous years. With favorable

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1U()7 now on Imml.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Cataloi,' mailed free.
Send for same.

A Special Discauiit on Early Orders.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME.

QUEENS i

Let me

book

Order for

tiAMS, and t;AU<;ASIAr¥S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29

red in separate apiaries,
tlicUOI.,!)!-:^' VBI.-

C. H.W.WEBER =;■

Office and Salesrooms. 2U6.-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Avel.

weather in California for the next two months
a large crop willundoubtedly be harvested, and
if so prices will naturally be considerably lower
than those of the past season and present prices.
We quote white sage at from 7@9c, and light
amber at from 7@7>^c. Near-by, as well as
Southern honey, is well cleaned up, and the
markets are in good shape for new crop. Cuban
and oihsr West Indian honeys are arriving in
large quantities, most of which are sold for ex
port. The market is firm, at from 58@60c per
gallon, duty paid according to quality. Bees-
wax firm and steady at from 30@31c.

HiLDRHTH & SeGKLKEN.

Indianapolis, April 12. — comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@17c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12iS)13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 0@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, May 3.— There is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season oftheyear. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16i«'17c; No. 1, 15@16c, with no
demand for dark honey. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees-
wax is bringing 2.Sc.

Thb Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kaa.sas City, Mar. 30— The demand for comb
honey is light, as alsoa^e the receipts. The
market is about bare of extracted. We quote:
No. 1 white comb. 24 sec. cases, $3 10 to $3.25;
No. 2, $2.50 to ♦2.75. Extracted, white, 8@9c
amber, 7@8c. Beeswax, 28c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,80. White
extracted, ^@8%c per pound; light amber,
7K@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2,
selling at 12^0, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sells in barrels at 5%@6c. Beeswax
32c, delivered here. C. H.W. Wbbbk.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consig-nlng, buying or selling, coasnlt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ilu

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole ApiCQltnral Field more
completely than any other published,
~" send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Diicoanti to the Trade.

BEE SUPPLIES.

Wa handia the finest bee suppliaa, made by the W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., Jamaatown, N. Y. Big DIscounta on early orders, let ua figure
with you en your wants. ■ .

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warp'--
proof cover, and bottom board, think of it, aame prico as the regular
-tylea. Send-for Catalog.

THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

51 WALNUT ST.,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

404

May9. UJ7

American line Journal

"DADANT'S FOMDATION"

IT E2COEIjS

EVERY INCH equal to sample

Beauty. Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted ?'mii ...

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

^ Marshfield Bee-Goods I

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why ^should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.
SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

[ DOVETAILED HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

' SMIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

' You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago,

' there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The

i West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.
i If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

: MARSHFIELD MFQ. CO., Marshfield, Wis. f:

I Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W . Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Ottnmwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Bnell, Union City. T

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Sopply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Out.

ARIZONA- H. V. Ryder, Phixnix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee Sup-
ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS— D.L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. HoUowell, Harrison.
TEX AS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^

47th Year

MAY i6, 1907

Number 20

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

May 16, 1907

American ^ae Journal

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

115 W.Jackson Blvd., GhicaQO, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of thie Journal is
$1.U> a year, in the United Stales nt America and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union. oO
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, "dect>7'" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of December. 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for mnneTsent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on vuur wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

ftdvertising Rale, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one lucli.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.
13 '* .
26 " .

52 " .

. . 5 per cent
..10

..20 *»
-.30 *'

5pace Discounts.

100 lines... 5 per cent
500 " ...10 "
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both,

Reading Notices, 25 cents, connt line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of tbe Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and delend its members in their
awful riahts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville. Wis.

B^^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

O WCWT tou BE[ nr HONEX
AjD ch[[r this lonely heart?

For r would hug you all the TinE'i
And we would never part

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: Scardsfor lOo (stamps
3 :»ilver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
cOdrnal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x3J-.2'
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPIIES

■i4

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dovetailed Hives, Sections. Section Holders,
Separators, Brood-Frames, Fonndation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEy.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Supolu Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOIilS, AONN.

Blentlon Bee Jonmal vrhen ^rrlting.

TENNE5SEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens from
Laws, Doolittle'6 or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After April 15th.

Italians Before July 1st

After Julu 1st

GflRNIOLflNS

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6

12

1

6

13

1

6

13

1 6

13

LTntested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

$ .75

1.00
1.50
2.00

.? 4.00

5.00

8 00

10.00

a r.5o

9.00
15.00
18.00

$ .60

.75

1.25

1.50

S3. 25
4.25
6.50
8.00

J 6.00
8.00
12.00
15.00

§ .85
1 10
1.60
2.10

S4.50
5 50
8.50

10.50

$8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

S .95.* 5.00
L20: 6.00
l.TOi 9.00
2.201 11.00

S 8.50
10.00
16.00
19.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders $10.00 1-frame Nucleus (no queen) $1.50

Select Golden Breeders 3.00 2-frame " " 2.00

" 3-band " 3.00 3-frame " " 2.50

" Carniolan " 3.10 4-frame " " 3.00

" Caucasian " 3.25 1 full colony without queen in S-frame

dovetailed hive 6.00

Bees by the pound in light shipping-boxes, SI. 00 per pound.
Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

i7A4t 2iDtf JOHN" M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

Meatlon Be« Jonmal whe» WTltlM«-

Diumer's GoniD f ounflailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes'

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

mention Bee Journal when writing.

Western Bee- Keepers s^how^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.

I THE COLORADO nO.\EY-PRODUCERS' ASS'J, Denvtr. Colo.

I 9Atf Please mention the Bee Jouraal.

ITALIAN QUEENS

From Pratt's and AUev's best breeders. My
own 3.banded dark. Tested, $1.50; Untested,
ll.ro. C. D. BENTON.

2oAlt AKIN, N. Y.

mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns.

May 16, 1907

407

American ^ee -Journalj^t^w^^^F^

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Oood Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

rire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

ttS^ Seiul tor list oi Nli^htly l>aiu-
aee«l <i<ood<« to Melect Ironi at K<'<luce<l
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191

(Not Inc.)

relephone. North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPBRIOH 8t. CHICAGO. ILL.

( Ihree blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

TAYLOR'S STRAffl OF ITALIANS

IS THE BHJST

Long Tongues and Qc.ldens are best of honey-
gatherers; 18 yrs. a specialty, breeding for best
honey-gatherers. Untested, T.-ic, or :iiM a doz.; Tested.
$1. or $10 a doz.; Select Tested, $i.5n. Breeders
Tery bestj from $3 to $5. (;arniolans same price Try
them. We also sell Nuclei and lull colonies Bees
an separate yards. Safe arrlyal guaranteed.
0. W. TAYLOR & SON

13A10t BBEVILLB, Bee Co., TEXAS

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mentloo the Bee Journal.

BEE m POU3LTRY SUPPLIES

*i,- ^^^"Sives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt Ihipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, I«d.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolau, Caucasian, and S-band
Italians— your choice. I'rlces: L'niested, tl ;
Tested, i].-jr,. I'rices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINO CO.
JOHN W. PMAHK, Prop.. Berclalr. Texas.
12Atf Please mention the Bee J o« rial.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and giving entirely satisfactorj re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylng
from the dealers. Price of Press (or L. frame
sheets, t2.i>0. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

<5Atf KNOXVILLK, TENN.

Uentlon Be« Joamal when wrltlac.

Pnr Q^iIa ^*^*^ Acre Parin and lOO
■ VI OaiC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8-room house— on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. PITTS,

lOAlSt KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Jonmnl when vrrltfnK*

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents ; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending ue One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Ifor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEORQB W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

If goods are wanted Quick, send to Pouder."

Established 1889

Cut Price== Anything: In It?

By the Bee Crank.

Anythiog in it ? Well, that depends.
The dealer who offers to sell at cut pri-
oes is in business only for his health,
and unless he happens to have a chance
to make up on one article what he
gives away on another, he loses out.

The other fellow— the buyer— doesn't
honestly expect to get as good service
and merchandise as he would at regu- '

lar prices— he only thinks he does.
The fact is, whether he has figured it
out that way or not, he speculates on the deal,
and when he gets the worst of it he is neither
very much surprised nor disappointed.

No chronic bargain-chaser ever achieved
much success in business. He spends more

time running after them than they are
worth.

I have never offered staple goods at
cut prices — and yet my business has
grown enormously. Good service,
prompt deliveries, square treatment
and careful attention to details are
worth more to my customers than the
questionable advantage of a few pen-
nies saved in the price.
ROOT GOODS AT ROOT PRICES,
by quick through freight direct to your station.
SEND ME YOUR BEESWAX, by freight or
express, according to size of shipment. Attach
your name. I pay highest current prices.
Send for 1907 catalog. It's free.

\\/«ll"ffk|« ^ \y£\\\i\f^f 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
YTCliLW^l 4;:5. r LFLIUCI INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

408

May 16, 1907

American l^ee Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

THE HATCH WAX PRESS

If you have been so unfortunate as
to lose some of your bees the past win-
ter, or even this sprinpr, save the wax
in the combs by the use of some good
wax-press. If you look about you will
probably find a lot of old combs in
your neighborhood which you can get
for a song. Wax is higher now than
for many years and you should hurry
it to market, for the present high pri-
ces will likely continue but a few
weeks, at most. Our new Hatch Press
has several valuable features, viz :

Durability.

Ease of operation.

Most thorough in its work.

Superior quality of product.

Low cost. Price is only S6.00.

WANTED

If you know of any one who has bees
to sell this month, we can probably
find a purchaser for the same— any
number — 5 to 100 colonies— provided
we are given a brief, explicit descrip-
tion at once. Please state condition,
hives, race, price, etc.

any of our offices; and the colors from
Medina, New York, and Chicago. Send
for color cards, etc.

BEESWAX

We are paying at this date 31 cents
cash or 33 cents in trade for pure, aver-
age beeswax, delivered at any of the
following offices : Medina, Ohio ; Chi-
cago, New York, Philadelphia, or
Washington. A large number of our
jobbing agents make the same prices.
See list of dealers in American Bee
Journal for May 2.

BEE-HIVE PAINT

We are distributing agents for the
B. P. S. Paint. This is one of the best
hive-paints to be found on the market.
We have handled it for 10 years or
more, and do not recall a complaint in
all that time. Equally good for your
house or any indoor or outdoor work.
We ship the O.W. (Outside White) from

SPECIAL

For the next 10 days from date of
this paper, to test the value of these
columns, we offer a copy of the book,
'• How to Keep Bees," price, $1.10. for
only 60 cents, postpaid. Furthermore,
we will promptly refund the money to
any dissatisfied purchaser, even after
you have read the entire book. You
must send your order for this to
Medina, and mention the American
Bee Journal of this date.

LESSONS IN BEE-KEEPING BY MAIL

There is now, and has been for years,
a greater demand for experienced bee-
help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we
are obliged to disappoint many large
apiarists by telling them we do not
know where suitable help can be found.
The demand has already begun for the
present season. We have found that
many who take our course in bee-cul-
ture by correspondence prefer to go
into business for themselves, so we
still need active young men who have
a fair knowledge of the subject — men
whom we know something about — who
can be recommended for the places fre-
quently offered. We, therefore, offer
again a limited course in

Bke-Kkeping by Mail.
We shall designate this as Course
No. 2. The lessons are identical with
the lessons in Course No. 1. The time,
however, is limited to one year from
enrollment. The course may be easily
completed in 3 to 4 months. The fol-
lowing is the

Outline of Course No. 2.
(17 Lessons.)

I. Definitions of Terms.
II. Inmates of the Hive.

III. Comb.

IV. Handling Bees.
V. Transferring.

VI. Building Up Colonies.
VII. The Honey-flow.
VIII. Swarming.
IX. Rendering Normal.
X. Preparing for Winter.
XI. Wintering.
XII. Spring Management.
Xni. Bee-Diseases, Symptoms.
XIV. Enemies of Bees,
XV. Establishing an Apiary.
XVI. Queen-Rearing.
XVII. General Examination.

Terms of Course— Full Cash Pay-
ment.

Complete course as outlined, lessons,
personal answers to all questions, in-
cluding the A B C of Bee Culture (500-
page book), and Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture (semi-monthly) for one year, S5.00.

With either the A B C or Gleanings
omitted in case you have one, $4.00.

With both omitted in case you have
both, $3.00.

Use This Form in Ordering.

190....

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

Enclosed find in payment of one

complete course of instritction yo. 2 iit the Hoot
Correspondence School of Bee Culture.

Xanie

r.o

state ...'

County or Street

Express Office

PLEASE AXS WEB TEE
FOLLOWING:

Have you a colony of bees?

Have you an ABC of Bee Culture? if so, what

year published?

Are you at present a subscriber to Gleanings?

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at Ibd PustrOEQce at Chicago as aecond-Claes Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George VV. York & Co., IIH W.Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 16,1907

Vol, XLVII— No. 20

;:AW!m^-'.''H!JW'' '-.-^jy^-;

CdifoHal Jiotes
and CommeTifs

Don't Start Queen-Cells in Nuclei

A ripe queen-cell may do all right in a
nucleus, and a virgin issuing from a nucleus
may be fertilized all right, and may be all
right for laying; but the beginner should be
cautioned never to think of using a nucleus
in which to start queen-cells. To be sure, a
weak nucleus will start queen-cells, and such
cells will cost very little, but they will be
worth still less thau they cost. A full colony
is none too good to be used for starting cells.
The growing larva should have all possible
advantage of full warmth and full feeding.
Only so can a good laying queen be counted
on when it comes to maturity.

Lebare Treatment of Foul Brood

Mr. Jas. Lebare submits the following
treatment, which has been successful in his
bands :

1st. Remove queen.

2d. Allow the colony to rear a queen.

3d. Three days old. Kill virgin queen.

4th. Take a small piece of brood from a
choice colony containing only larvjp one or
two days old, and insert same about the cen-
ter of one of the worst affected combs. Now
from the time of taking out the old queen till
the first virgin is 3 days old, will be IS days.

5th. Now you have queen-cells started.
When the cells are capped over on the 8th
day, take every comb from the hive, and
every cell of that which contains life will be
hatched, and if any cells are found still sealed
up, uncap them, as 1 find the bees are too
slow to uncap affected cells. Then I find that
the bees will clean all germs from the comb,
I have had the bees to out the comb down to
the bottom of the cell, and when their choice
cell is hatched, undoubtedly the colony will
be clean, for I have never failed by this treat-
ment. Jas. Lbbare.

If this treatment should prove successful on
further trial, it would have the advantage of

saving the combs. It will be objected that the
colony will be reduced, because it will be 5
weeks or more from the time the queen is re-
moved until the new queen begins to lay ;
also there will be danger that in the final ex-
amination some sealed cells may be missed, to
say nothing of the trouble of examination.
Of course, it remains to be seen whether
others will succeed with the treatment.

How to start a Nucleus

Whatever may be best for the man who
rears queens to sell, whether baby nuclei or
what else, for the average bee-keeper who
merely rears queens for his own use— and it
may be said in passing that even the man
with only a few colonies should have nuclei
for rearing queens— for the average bee-
keeper it will generally be found best to use
for nuclei the same frames and the same hives
that he uses for full colonies. It avoids the
necessity of any separate fixtures, it is more
convenient, and with hives and frames of
regular size it is easy to build up into full
colonies, or unite in the fall.

Starting a nucleus is not a very complicated
matter. Take from any full colony 2 or 3
frames of brood with adhering bees and put
in an empty hive on a new stand, and there's
your nucleus. Only without any precaution
it may not stay a nucleus, tor when you look
next day you may find nearly all the bees
gone, the brood chilling, and the whole an
easy prey to robbers.

So it is necessary to take steps to see that
the bees stay where they are put. Fasten
them in for 3 days or so, and by that time
they are so accustomed to their new place and
conditions that they will remain when the
entrance is opened. Some close the entrance

with green leaves, grass, moss, or something
of the kind. The bees will dig open the en-
trance in good time, with the advantage that
at first only a single bee can pass at a time.
If the bees are taken from a queenless colony
they are more inclined to stay put.

A single frame of brood with adhering
bees may answer, but it is very much better
to have 2 or 3. It is well that a large propor-
tion of the brood be sealed. The hive may be
filled out with empty combs, or there may be
only a single comb each side of the brood,
the whole at one side of the hive, a dummy
next, and the rest of the hive left vacant.
Unless plenty of honey is to be found in the
frames of brood, there should be some honey
in one or both of the frames next to them.

It is not wise to start a nucleus generally
before the time when bees begin to make
preparations for swarming. The entrance
should be closed down very small, allowing
only a bee or two to pass at a time until they
appear lo be crowded.

If a sealed queen-cell be given to a colony, it
may be 2 weeks before the young queen gets
fairly to laying (double that time if the first
virgin is lost on her wedding-flight), and it is
economy to have this time spent in a nucleus
rather than a full colony. Besides, it is a
great convenience to have a laying queen in
a nucleus, ready to be used whenever and
wherever needed.

Stock-Car for Shipping Bees

Never make the mistake of using a box-car
in shipping bees on a railroad. It is too close.
Use a stock-car. So advises E. D. Townsend
in the Bee-Keepers' Review.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is something that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

410

May 16, 1907

American "Bee Journal

: "IB

i^cellaneou^

fle(iu5 -Iteilis

Dr. C. C. Miller and Wife made this
office a pleasant call last week, when in Chi-
cago. The prospects for bees in his locality
(66 miles northwest of Chicago) are anything
but encouraging, on account of the late, cold
spring. His bees wintered fairly well, but
many were lost during the recent cold spring
weather. Both the Doctor and his good wife
were apparently in good health.

The Simplex Bee-Hive.— A bookie
setting forth the merits of the Simplex Bee-
Hive, invented and patented by Carl Ludloff,
of California, has been received at this ofBce.
Closed-end frames tied together with cords
form the hive, protected by a straw mat, mak-
ing it very close and warm. It varies no lit-
tle from hives in general use.

The Apiary of E. E. Kennicott ap-
pears on the first page this week. Mr. K.
wrote as follows concerning it on April 29:

I started last fall with 28 colonies. One
lost its queen, and one was robbed in March
during that warm spell, so I have at present
only 26 colonies in good condition.

I enclose a postal card picture of one row
of hives in winter quarters, and the house in
the background. I set the hives in a row
about 3 inches apart, facing the south, then I
cover thickly with leaves, filling each super
with dry leaves, and cover over all with
leaves, and set boards against the leaves to
hold them in place. I have had fine success
for 3 years. E. E. Kennicott.

Dr. Phillips " Apicultural Investi-
gator."—Last week we received the follow-
ing announcement from the Bureau of Ento-
mology, at Washington, D. C. :

Editor American Bee Journal—

Star Sir: — I beg to announce to you that
the apicultural investigations of this Bureau
are now in charge of Dr. E. F. Phillips. I
would also announce to you the appointment
of Dr. G. F. White as an expert in bacteri-
ology, Mr. Franklin G. Fox as assistant in
the apiary, and Mr. Burton N. Gates as co-
laborator in Massachusetts.

Yours very truly,

C. L. Marlatt,
Acting Chief of Bureau.

We believe all the appointments mentioned
will give great satisfaction to bee-keepers
everywhere. Dr. Phillips is already widely
known among bee-keepers, having filled Mr.
Benton's place in the Bureau of Entomology
while the latter was traveling in foreign
countries in the interest of apiarian investi-
gation.

" When We Meet on That Beautiful

Shore."— We have just received a copy of a
very delightful and pleasing sacred song and
chorus called, " When We Meet on That
Beautiful Shore," composed by Samuel H.
Speck. This is certainly one of the sweetest
home songs ever published. It is especially
suitable and adapted for the home, church
and choir use, being also nicely arranged as a
fine quartette for mixed voices. Retail price,
50 cents per copy. Our readers will receive a
copy post-paid by sending 10 cents in silver
or postage stamps to the Globe Music Co.,
17 West 28th St., New York, N. Y.

The Minnesota Foul Brood Law, as

recently passed, is as follows, a copy having
been sent us by Chas. D. Blaker, Secretary of
the Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Society :

A Bill for an Act to create the office of In-
spector of Apiaries ; to provide for the sup-
pression of contagious diseases among bees
and to appropriate money therefor.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of
Miunesota.
Section 1. — The Governor shall appoint for
a term of two years a State Inspector of Api-
aries. Said Inspector shall, when notified of
the existence of the disease known as foul
brood among apiaries, examine all reported
apiaries and all others in the same locality,
and ascertain whether or not such disease ex-
ists, and, if satisfied of its existence, shall
give the owner or person who has charge of
such apiaries full instructions as to the man-
ner of treating them. Within a reasonable
time after making such examination, the In-
spector shall make another examination
thereof, and if the condition is such as in his
judgment renders it necessary, he may give
notice to the owner or person in charge of
such apiaries, prohibiting the sale, barter, or
removal of any bees, honey, or appliances
from such affected apiary.

Sec. 2. — After inspecting infected hives or
fixtures, or handling diseased bees, the In-
spector shall, before leaving the premises or
proceeding to any other apiary, thoroughly
, disinfect any portion of his own person and
clothing, and any tools or appliances used by
him which have come in contact with infected
material, and shall see that any assistant or
assistants with him shall likewise thoroughly
disinfect their persons and clothing and any
tools and implements used by them.

Sec. 3. — Any bee-keeper who shall be aware
of the existence of foul brood in his apiary,
or who shall receive notice from the Inspector
as provided in Section 1 of this Act, and who
shall sell, barter, give away, or remove any
such apiary or any honey, appliances or bees
from such apiary, and any bee-keeper who
shall refuse to allow the Inspector to examine
his apiary, honey and appliances, shall be
fined not less than ?10, nor more than ?50, or
be imprisoned in the county jail not less than
one month nor more than two months.

Sec. 4.— The Inspector of Apiaries shall
make, at the close of each calendar year, re-
port to the Governor, stating the number of
apiaries visited, the number of those dis-
eased, and treated, the effect of such treat-
ment, and the disposition made of such api-
aries.

Sec. 5. — The compensation of said Inspec-
tor of Apiaries for services and expenses is
hereby fixed at one thousand dollars (61000)
per year, and there Is hereby appropriated out
of money in the State treasury, not otherwise
appropriated, the sum of one thousand dol-

lars (SIOOO) each year for the maintenance of
said Inspector of Apiaries.

Sec. 6 — This Act shall take effect imme-
diately after its passage.

We wish to congratulate the bee-keepers of
Minnesota on their success in getting this
much-needed law. Now with the appoint-
ment of competent inspectors, and the right
kind of co-operation with them on the part
of the bee-keepers, Minnesota should be able
to keep down the disease of foul brood among
bees, and perhaps stamp it out altogether.

Honey as a Health-Food. — This
is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; 50 copies for "0 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for 12 25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for $7.50.
Y'our business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for SI. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Why Not Advertise ? — There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to lei
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to sell? Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Oiir Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

The San Antonio Convention Pic-
ture is a good one. It shows over 100 of
those in attendance. We are mailing them,
unmounted, for only 60 cents. They can be
mounted by a local photographer for only 10
or 15 cents more. We will mail one of these
pictures with the American Bee Journal one
year— both for only 51.40. Send all orders to
the Bee Journal office.

May 16, 1907

411

-Ms^^^^

American Bae Journal]^pf%;

No.

5— Feeding and Feeders
—Top Feeders

BY C. P. DADANT

This is the most common method of
feeding. Probably the most exten-
sively used top feeder is the Miller
feeder, devised by Dr. C. C. Miller, and
described by him in " Forty Years
Among the Bees." The manufacturers
make the Miller feeder a little differ-
ent from the original used by the in-
ventor. The Miller feeder is all in one,
and the bees have access to the feed
from both sides, while the copy is made
in two parts, with the ascent to these
in the middle, right over the brood. At
first sight it looks as if this were the
better way, since the ascent is where
the bees can reach it from the center
of the brood-nest, and better guard it
against robber-bees ; but Dr. Miller
does not agree to this, and says :

" I thought il was an important inaprove-
ment to allow the bees to go up the middle
instead of up the sides, because the heat
ought to be greater at the middle. After a
thorough trial of the two, side by side, I am
obliged to admit that the improvement is one
in theory only, and that the bees go up the
sides whenever they will go up the middle,
and it seems a little better to have to feed all
in one dish."

Feeding granulated honey over a
piece of paper on top of the frames, at
the back of the brood nest, is quite
practical because the quilt may be
allowed to drop back on this food, and
close the top as soon as the food is re-
moved. But for stimulative feeding
granulated honey is probably not so
good as liquid warm food, because it is
very thick and will force the bees to go
in search of water. Honey in extract-
ing-super combs may be fed to the
bees when the colony is powerful, but
will not do for a weak colony because
it leaves the upper story open and
causes loss of heat.

A very cheap and convenient feeder
which brings the food right over the
cluster is made of a fruit-can with a
cloth tied over the mouth of it and in-
verted over the combs. The can must
first be inverted over a dish or a pan,
with two small cleats under it, to let
the first flow of liquid come. It is kept
in that position till laid over the
frames. At first the honey comes very
freely, but when the atmospheric pres-
sure acts the liquid stops running
through the cloth and is taken by the
bees only as fast as needed. The pep-
per-box and Hill feeders are similar,
only they have a perforated-tin cover
which allows the feed to come through.
But the ordinary tin-can feeder, made
of any round tin can which has been
emptied of its contents, is fully as

good as these, because when the bees
have emptied it they will gnaw through
the cloth and get the very last drop of
liquid. It is, however, quite a little
more trouble to prepare it for use.
Cloth must be used which is thick
enough not to let the air pass through,
as otherwise the food would continue
to leak through after inverting and
would waste. The bees must be able
to take care of it or the feeder is a nui-
sance. The greatest objection to the
inverted tin can as a feeder is that it
allows the heat to escape in the cover
unless a honey-board is used in con-
nection with it.

As honey-boards are used by us only
with bee-escapes when we wish to re-
move the supers, and as we use the
cloth and mat only, at all other times
we have devised a honey-board to serve
alternately with the bee-escape or with
the feeders. This does away with the

enough to interrupt the taking of the
food by the bees. The other, the rusty
cans must be carefully avoided.

The ordinary quart can which is now
so plentifully used for all kinds of
preserves and canned vegetables, and
which is usually thrown away after
being emptied, need never be used
more than once for feeding the bees.

Hamilton, 111.

Lyman Method of Swarm-
Control

BY W. C. I.YMAN

How to get the best results from my
bees in a rather poor location ; how to
control swarming, and to run for comb
honey as easily as for extracted ; how
to keep the colonies strong, and at the
same time contented; and to be able
to do this in an out-yard as well as at
home ; how to do it all with only a lit-
tle labor, comparatively! and without
cutting or changing my hives in any
way, and without many extra fixtures —
to develop a system that would apply
to any standard hive, has been a pretty
large problem over which I have stud-
ied a good deal, and have tried in a
number of ways to solve.

Also, I have made some progress,
and with the help of the photographs
which I have taken of the hive-parts

Bee-Escape Board Used for Feeding Bees.

necessity of having two sets of honey-
boards in the apiary. When the feeder
is used the round plug carrying the es-
cape is temporarily removed.

In the use of tin feeders care must be
taken that they be not allowed to rust.
During the fall of 1906, one of our men
used a lot of feeders that were rusty
inside. The feeding was done late,
about the last of October, and a num-
ber of colonies fed for winter left a
portion of the food in the feeder for 2
or 3 weeks before it was stored in the
combs. The result was a darkened
syrup instead of the clear food which
ought to have carried them through in
good health, and a number of the colo-
nies—perhaps every one of those which
were fed out of rusty feeders — were
killed by diarrhea.

Two expeusive lessons were thus
secured: First, that it is advisable to
feed before the weather becomes cold

and fixtures which I am now using, I
will try to make plain my method.

Fig. 1 shows two bottom-boards, of
the kind I use and prefer, placed as
shown — front end to front end, and the
%-inch bee-space-side up on a stand
from which I have just removed the
colony which I wish to manipulate.
When to do this work must be left to
the judgment of the bee-keeper, but I
usually do it about the time when a
shaken swarm should be made to pre-
vent swarming.

Fig. 2 shows a false bottom made of
galvanized iron, leaning against, or
held up by, a short piece of board, and
these two articles are all that are re-
quired in my plan for the manipulation
of a colony. The false bottom, as I
use it for the 8-frame hive, is made by
cutting a sheet of galvanized iron to
measure, 21 inches long by 12 inches
wide, and nailing to it on the underside

412

May 16, 1907

American Hee Journal

pieces of wood ^ inch by ^ inch, and
21 inches long, one piece being nailed
to each of the sides of the iron, as
shown in the illustration.

Across one end of the iron sheet — on
what is to be the upper side — is nailed
a js inch by Js inch strip of wood 12
inches long, which completes the false
bottom.

The short piece of board shown in
Fig. 2, is used to lay on the front end
of the rear bottom-board, to close up
the space between the two brood-cham-
bers, when the manipulation of the
hive is completed, as shown in Fig. 4.
It is 2 inches by 14 inches long.

Fig. 3 shows the false bottom dropped
into its place in the front bottom-board
of the two shown in Fig. 1. This false
bottom does not fit tight against the
bottom-board at B, but is drawn a
good bee-space back toward A, so that
bees running under at A can emerge at
B ; that is, the false bottom forms a
sort of bridge for bees to run under
and come out at B. The strip of wood
on the back end and upper side of the
false bottom at A closes all exit in that
direction for the bees, when a brood-
chamber is set on the front bottom-
board, and the space between the two
is closed by dropping in the little board

Fig. 2. — False Bottom and Closing Stick.

shown in Fig. 2 ; all egress for the bees
from the rear brood-chamber is under
the false bottom in front.

Fig. 4 shows the arrangement of the
hives completed.

The entrance of the hive marked 11
is in the usual place, and is the only
place where bees can get into that
hive. The entrance to the rear brood-
chamber, marked 1, is just in front of
the entrance to hive 11, and is shown
by a dark line in front of the entrance
to hive 11. This is also the only
place where bees can get into or out of
the rear brood-chamber.

Now in practical use I find that very
few of the bees which come out from
the rear brood-chamber locate the place
where they come out, but instead locate
the entrance to the front hive. In
fact, the hive is " all one to them," as
it is to all the bees which fly from
either brood-chamber.

The idea that they would not locate
the entrance to the rear brood-chamber,
I took from the fact that it is more
natural for bees to go up into a hive,
as they are in the habit of doing
through a short passage-way, than it
would be to go down and under through
a long one, and it works that way in
practise. But to get out, they will go

Fig. 1. — Two Hive-Bottoms Facing.

3. — False Bottom in Place.

Fig. 4. — Complete Biie- Arrangement for Swarm-Control.

413

May 16, 1907

American Bee Journal

in any direction toward the liglUior a
considerable distance.

But to so back to the manipulation
of the hive : All the work of arrang-
ing the bottom-boards which I have
described is supposed to have been
done on the stand of a strong colony
of bees, or one about to swarm, and
which has been set off its stand for the
purpose. The first thing to do after
arranging the bottom-boards as de-
scribed, is to put on the front one a
brood-chamber arranged as for the
hiving of a natural swarm, with frames
of foundation, or combs, as the bee-
keeper may think best, and on it put
the supers, bees and all from the re-
moved hive. Back of this, on the rear
bottom-board, put the brood-chamber
of the removed hive, containing the
brood and queen, and close up the
space between with the piece of board
described.

In Fig. 4 the prepared brood-cham-
ber is marked 11, and the one contain-
ing the brood and queen is marked 1.
Next remove the queen from 1 and put
her (and perhaps a few of her bees for
company until enough return from the
field) into hive 11, put on the covers,
and see that all the parts are closed up
bee-tight except the entrances, and the
work is done.

I still use a queen-excluding honey-
board, which is shown in dark color on

the hive in l'\)S.. 4. There are reasons
for this, but I will not take up that
part of the suliiict, nor other details of
management, for that must be accord-
ing to location, the size and kind of
hive in use. etc., and if any one wishes
to try this method he must arrange
those things to suit himself.

E. F. Atwatcr, in the February Bee-
Keepers' Review, tells of his method,
which is similar to this, and speaks of
putting a comb containing water into
the brood-chamber containing the
brood. I believe that is an excellent
idea, and I will try it in the future.

So far this method is the most satis-
factory of any I have tried, in meeting
all the requirements of both comb and
extracted honey production, and if any
one thinks well enough of the plan to
try it, I wish he would report result to
the American Bee Journal, no matter
if it is a failure, for by failures we
often learn to succeed.

One thing I forgot, which is, that I
think it is best to cut out the queen-
cells before they hatch, that will be
built in the rear brood-chamber, for
the bees will agree better when they
come together at the entrance ; but the
queen-cells can be left long enough to
make use of them in the bee-yard, if
required.

Downers Grove, 111.

^^"

Qiir _
ee- Keeping

Conducted hs Kmma .Vi. Wilso><, Alarcusu, .

Beginning Bee-Keeping-Management
of Swarming

Mt Dear Miss Wilson:—! always look
forward with pleasure to the arrival of my
bee-paper, aod enjoy very much the Sisters'
department. And now I feel inclined to
" speak in meetin'."

In early childhood an uncle kept bees on
my father's place, and having been stung a
few times, I regarded the bees with fear and
terror. I well remember my feeling of relief
when at last they were taken off the place.

In later years my eldest son contracted the
" bee-fever " by association with a neighbor
bee-keeper; and yieldingto his importunities,
I bought 3 colonies very much against my
inclination. As we knew nothing about the
management of bees, papers were subscribed
for and books procured, and we read with
increasing interest of the various manipula-
tions to be performed. He would put on the
veil and gloves and go out to manage the col-
onies, while I would look out of the window
and counsel him what to do. But this did not
satisfy me long, so I donned the togs, and
timidly ventured out to investigate for myself ;
but it was with fear and trembling. It re-
quired all my self-control when I heard the
bees buzzing around me, not to drop things
and run, and I had frequently to reassure my-
self that they couldn't possibly get at me any-
where. Yes, and it was cruel the way we
smoked them.

Our neighbor had said the bees were pure
Italians, and we knew not differently ; but
after sending oil for a few pure queens, and
watching their hees as they hatched, we soon
discovered that our first colonies were mostly
blacks, with only a little Italian blood.

Our mistakes that summer were many, and
considering the good instruction in our
papers and books, some of them were inex-
cusable. My son was stung several times,
and after the bees had crawled up bis pant-
legs, he said "twn in one pair of pants was
too many," and he finally gave up the whole
business of bee-keeping to me.

That winter we lost all our bees— the result
of our mismanagement; but my interest was
aroused, and the next spring I sent off for
nuclei, and started again. I am not so fear-
ful now, and I greatly enjoy my pets.

As my bee-keeping has to be sandwiched in
between household cares, poultry-raising, the
care of an aged mother, and the general over-
sight of a large farm (I am a widow), 1 have
little time to hunt queens, and the question
of swarming hiis been studied by me most
earnestly. I have finally settled on a plan
that is a combination of the ideas of several
prominent bee-men. I think I can give credit
to Mr. Doolittle, Dr. Miller, and .Mr. Alexan-
der, and I have added some thoughts of my
own. The main feature of my plan is a piece
of wire-screen the size of a queen-excluder,
with 4 holes lone in each corner) large
enough for one or two bees to pass through.
These are covered on the lower side with

West queen-cell proteotor», and on the upper
aide with a piece of q"6e?-«"'"'^«';- ,„?i^
placed between 2 hives "l^^ '"«',, '=*"-P,?\'l:
tore pointing downward, will alow al the
bees Id the upper hive to go below, and the
queen-exclu<ler prevents It becoming cloKged
with drones. For transferring from h ves
with crooked combs to those with straight
combs it is unequalled on y » ■"=" .^"f °
must be provided, or the old hive ta^ke" »»
pieces when the bees are all out, anJ h«
queen hunted and run in below. In which
case the brood is lost.

Now my plan of management is somewhat
variable, depending upon what I wish to ac-
complish. I hardly ''>»'"' th^^V^^rri'X
would care for this device, but it Is all right

tor comb honey. , ic fnil nf

We will suppose that hive No. lis full of
brood and in need of more room. " \ ^av*
plenty of time and want to save »" lh« br<»^
I manage this way: Set hive No. 1 off its
stand ol a box or wheelbarrow near at ha d
and put hive No. 2. supplied with frames of
foundation or starters, i° '"./'»<%«• ^"k'
nlace hive No. 1 on hive No. 2, and smoke
?he bees until they have nearly all go"e down
into No. 2, and we hope lbe^?"'=''° '» "'i"
them. Remove No. 1 q^'clcly-before the
bees have time to boil up i^'o. No. l---and
place a queen-excluder on top of -"*0; ^' J^e
p aclDg No. 1 on No. 3, with the excluder be-
fween.^ This, I believe, is Mr. Alexan-
der's plan of saving the brood only ^g
shakes the bees down instead of smoking
them. I have lost queens that way, and it
takes more time, but it is more certain ^
think Dr. Miller has somewhere suggested
smoking, but if smoked down the frames
must be examined in a day or two for eggs W
see where the queen is; and if she is not be
low she must either be smoked or shaken
down. If the smoking was well done, she
wm nearly always be found below-'M» f/...
'"Tn's^days after the ^'^een has been placed
in the lower hive I remove the queen-excluder,
replacing it with the screen above descnbed-
or- bee sieve," as I call n-and '" 3 weeks
hive No. 1 is empty of brood and bees.

If you want increase, Mr. Alexander's plan
is all rieht iust as he gives it.
"After the brood in No. 1 is capped remove
it to a new stand, and supply it with a good
Queen but if you are a comb-honey man,
and your time is worth more than the brood
and [f you don't care for increase, place the
sieve between the 3 hives at the h^st opera-
tion, and either introduce a °ew queen to hive
No 2 in anv way that recommends itselt to
vou or the n^t day or two you can easily
^'thequeenTn hive No. 1. and run her into
No. 2. She will be accepted, as she has the

same scent. . „„„„_ „:(ij

If the honey-flow is on place the ^"PfJ r'°
sections between the two hives, wi h the sieve
between it and hive No. 1 now on top.

If your bees get ready to swarm again;ust
change-puttini hive No 1 below and No. 2
Bhnvp usine the sieve as above. _ ,. , ,

I t^ink I am indebted to Mr. DoolUtle for
the suggestions which led me to plan the bee-

''pTease tell Mr. Aikin (Page 261) that I
think the rhyme he referred to, but could not
remember, ran something like this .
" some water and oil one day had a broil,

ATdown in a dish they ,''«™ ,'l™''i'',o^flght
They would not unite. l;uV°,°nin?n,?
Without any prospect of stopping.

•• Mr Pearlash o'erheard, and as quick as a word

He iumued in toe midst of the clashing :
a" allThree S/reed tbey united with speed,
And the soap was created for washms.

I would like to close with a stanza which
beekeepers would do well to think of in a
bad year.

"The inner Bide of every cloud
I8 always hrtght and shininK ;
I therefore turn my clouds about.
And always wear them inside out.
To show the lining."

Mrs. Emilt H. Hafford.
FennviUe, Mich., March 31.
You have evidently been doing your

414

May 16, 1907

American Hee Journal

share of thinking and planning, and
isn't there a lot of fun in it 7

You seem to prefer smoking to
brushing or shaking in getting the
bees from the upper to the lower story,
with the chance that you may have to
operate the second time to get the
queen down. As the queen is the only
member of the family you are very
particular about, unless you have an
antipathy to finding queens, it might
be easier to find the queen and run her
into the entrance below. This would
avoid the possibility of a second opera-
tion, and there would be no need to
look in 2 or 3 days to learn the location
of the queen.

You put supers under hive No. 1,
allowing the bees from above to go
down into the supers of sections.
Please tell us what effect that has on
the sections. When we tried it the
capping of the sections was consider-
ably darkened. Of course, if the combs
in No. 1 were quite new it would make
a difference. Ours were old and black.

Thanks for helping out Mr. Aikin's
memory.

Miller Frames— Antl-Swarmlng and
Extracting Management

I am making some Miller frames as de-
scribed in " Forty Years Among the Bees,"
page S2, and filling them with foundation just
as Dr. Miller says he does. The foundation
isS}4 inches wide, but instead of using splints
I mean to use medium-sized broom-wire, first
taking the temper out. The bees will rear
brood over this wire, and there is no ridge
over it as shown over Dr. Miller's splints. I
will then stretch 3 No. 30 wires lengthwise of
the frame. This is an experiment with me,
and I would like to know any objections there
may be to it.

Then when the honey-flow comes for good,
and the bees are at their best before swarm-
ing, I plan on filling an empty hive with these
frames, placing it on the old stand, the old
hive in front of it with entrances together.
Then i put excluder-zinc over the new hive,
and a hive-body on that. Then brush the bees
from the brood down in the old hive, allowing
them to go into the new hive on the founda-
tion, and put the brood above, but keeping
out one frame, and spacing the rest equal dis-
tance apart by guess so as to fill up the hive.
After S days cut out the queen-cells.

My idea is that this will start the bees to
carrying their honey above and building the
combs thicker for extracting as fast as the
brood hatches out, but the Miller frames are
thicker at the bottom than the Hoffman.
There is only ^4 -inch space for the bees to go
up through, and the air-space under them
will be °^-inch. Would this be ventilation
enough ifor that kind of frames? Would it
not be good to put a 14-inch piece around un-
der the top-story, giving entrance across one
end? Of course, I could put pieces on the
bottom -board and enlarge their entrance.

I would be glad to read the criticism on
this subject. I have 30 colonies, and am
thinking of treating all this way.

Laura E. Rudy.

Fairmount, 111., April 27.

Very evidently you have a wrong
idea of the ridges over the splints in
the Miller frame. I think you must
have gotten your idea from the picture
given on page 97 in " Forty Years
Years Among the Bees." That picture
is one of the frame filled with founda-
tion before given to the bees at all,
and what you call ridges are the splints
themselves. It is possible that once in
a while a ridge may be seen, but surely

not often, as I do not now remember
ever seeing one, and usually the only
way that the presence of the splint is
discernible is by holding the comb up
to the sun and looking through it. If
you will look at pictures on pages 87,
101, 105, 261, you will see that there are
no ridges from the splints to he seen.

Wire in place of splints will work,
but hardly so satisfactorily, as the wire
may bend, and the splints are always
perfectly straight. The addition of
horizontal wires will, of course, add
strength for extracting-combs, but are
hardly necessary.

Your plan during the honey-flow will
work all right, but I would not advise

you to give any more space under the
frames, as one experiment along that
line would be enough. The bees would
surely fill that space chuck-full of
comb and honey, and a sticky mess
you would have of it. If you wish to
give more ventilation, just shove the
upper story forward enough for bees
to pass, and that will give a free cir-
culation of air without the dire results
of the other plan.

That X-inch space between bottom-
bars is all right.

You do not mention that your plan
of operation is to prevent swarming,
but it is nothing more nor less than
the Demareeplan to prevent swarming .

■-'*;' ^V.^?^*?*!^

RcflectioiiLy

California Bcc-Kccpcr

By W. a. Prtal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

"Our Youthful Bee-Expert"

Ralph Benton, to whom I referred re-
cently as being connected with the
bee-department of the University of
California, is making a greater stir in
the bee-world in these parts than his
distinguished father did 30 years ago,
when he (the latter) commenced to at-
tract attention in the bee-papers by his
writings. Perhaps at the University
a new broom may sweep clean — I hope
it will always do so. At any rate, I
notice that the "youthful bee-expert,"
as one of the daily papers calls him, is
to make a tour of the Southern Califor-
nia apiaries as soon as class-work is
over at the University, and get mate-
rial for a bee-bulletin. Bully for the
"Varsity ;" bully for Benton '.

could find any. I tried to see if there
was anything to be had a few blocks-
further up, where I knew there had
been a dealer in dairy and bee fixings.
There was nothing on the block but old
bricks and other det>ris. Some exca-
vators were at work on some of the
lots, as they were on nearly every
block — they and the builders.

The next day I found that a firm
from an outside city, which had faith
in San Francisco's future greatness,
had opened a big store and carries bee-
ware as well as a fine stock of garden-
supplies. But they don't advertise !
Printer's ink is as essential in greas-
ing the path of the bee-man and his
allies as it is for the man who sells
Fillyourstomach goods and Feathers-
andf rills for Maria.

Huntlns for Bee-Fixings

Did you ever have to hunt for bee-
appliances ? I don't mean hunting
about your apiary, but in your town or
the next one. I've had a time of it this
week getting some things I found I
was short of. Before the big fire that
destroyed San Francisco a year ago,
there were a couple of places where one
could easily procure almost anything
in the bee-line. Well, the other day I
sought those places, but I must say I
did so sorrowing. The day was hot,
and it is no easy job to get around in
the " ashen city " these days, though
order and beauty are fast being brought
out of chaos. One of the houses that
represented a well known Eastern bee-
supply manufacturer, resumed business
in a big shack near the former location
of its fire-swept store. In answer to
my inquiry, I found that they did not
handle bee-supplies now; that they did
not have sufficient room to do so.
Neither could they tell me where I

An Honored Professor Retired

I learn that Prof. E. J. Wickson, for
many years Dean of the Agricultural
College of the State University of Cali-
fornia, at Berkeley, is to be succeeded
by a man from one of the Eastern col-
leges. This is rather unfortunate for
the California University, as Prof.
Wickson has been connected with that
institution for a little over 30 years,
and it may be said that he has done
more than any other person in the
State to give the University the high
standing it has won among the agri-
cultural colleges of the world. In his
earlier connection with the college he
held the Chair of Dairying, and at the
same time was editor-in-chief of the
Pacific Rural Press. Later, he was the
horticultural expert of the college, and
had general supervision of the agricul-
tural grounds, and at the same time
filled the position of Horticultural edi-
tor of the paper named. His work,
" The Fruits of California," is the rec-

May 16, 1907

415

ognized authority on the subject in
this State. While he may be trans-
ferred to another sphere of the insti-
tution, I hardly think the Regents will
allow so valuable and worthy a profes-
sor to sever his couaection with the
college altogether.

I first made the acquaintance of Prof.
Wickson in the fall of 1876, I believe,
when I was a student of the Univer-
sity. I think I wrote an article for the
Rural Press, showing that some alleged
moth-proof bee-hive, extolled by one
of the paper's correspondents, was not
what it was claimed to be, and it could
not be. Later, I disproved (or think
I did) that a certain variety of eucalyp-
tus near Los Angeles killed honey-bees
wholesale when they quaffed of the
nectar contained in the flowers thereof.
Since then, nothing has been heard of
the alleged honey-bee-killing eucalyp-
tus. The story came through one of
the Los Angeles dailies, and was
copied by the Rural Press.

Prof. Wickson, though not a practi-
cal apiarist, has always taken quite an
interest in bee-matters, and had quite
an apiarian department in his weekly.
I believe it was in 1875, when he was
connected with the Utica (N. Y.) Her-
ald, that he was appointed on a com-
mittee of the American Bee-Keepers'
Society, which met, if I remember cor-
rectly, in the city just named, for the
purpose of investigating the alleged
adulteration of honey. One of the
other members of the committee was
the great American bee-keeper, Moses
Quinby. The Professor tells an amus-
ing story of his visit to the veteran
apiarist's home.

A more unassuming, yet agreeable,
gentleman than Prof. Wickson, never
lived. He was held in such high es-
teem in his home city, Berkeley, that
he was retained as a member of the
School Board for over 20 years, and he
would probably be looking after the
interests of the children yet if he did
not insist upon having his name with-
drawn from further elections of the
position.

American Vae Journal

are most abundant, we get the most
delicious honey of the year. This is
the latter part of April and during the
first half of May, when the weather is
warm.

<l^-'^,^r^^

Where All Is Golden

The Golden State ! Golden in its
most precious metal ; golden in the
color of its countless acres of wild
flowers 1 In a short trip down the
county recently I noticed vast fields of
yellow flowers— a cloak of gold seemed
to bo spread over a large section of the
earth within the reach of one's vision.
There was the thrifty mustard, and
there were turnips. The last-named
seemed to vie extermination, for grain-
field, truck-garden and pasture were all
taken possession of, as it were, by this
earliest blooming of flowers. Then
there were some rape and radish— all
yellow as the gold of Ophir, except the
latter. These all grow in a wild state
in luxuriant profusion— so much so at
times that they are a sore annoyance
to the cultivator of the soil. This sea-
son they seem more numerous than
ever; I suppose the long, wet winter
and spring was the cause. But to the
apiarist they are more of a joy than a
sorrow— they all yield richly in nectar,
and, I believe, of a very fine flavor. I
know that in years when these flowers

Advertise, Ye Bee-Caterers

The closing lines in another para-
graph impel me to add a few more
words upon the subject of advertising.
No merchant nowadays hopes to make
a success of his business unless he
devotes a portion of his profits or capi-
tal to advertising. As proof, just look
at the vast acres of advertising space
used in the papers — daily, weekly, and
monthly — and to the broadsides printed

or painted upon dead walls, fences,
etc. If your business is young and
your capital small, advertise moder-
ately ; if well established, advertise
generously. Big ads sell little biscuits
for the greatest baking concern in the
world ; heavy advertising built up the
most pernicious tobacco trust known
to English speaking people. The
queen-breeder, the hive-maker, the
honey-seller, may all find their several
businesses expand under the magic of
the impress of cold type and printer's
ink. Try it in the " Old Reliable," if
you are not doing so ; thousands of
bee-keepers are in need of what you
have to sell ; perhaps I, myself, may be
in need of the very article you are hid-
ing in the dark.

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
Bj E. E. Hastt, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Winter Hivk-Entrances— Clipping
Queens' Wings.

Thanks to Mr. Byer for evidence
that entrances contracted for winter
all on one side do not always prove
disastrous.

And he is setting a record when he
gets his bees to roar at night in maple-
sugar time. (A sleet had torn maple
branches everywhere, and then it came
warm.)

And the Byer method of clipping
queens is likely to prove very catching
among spry-fingered operators who
delight in doing something other folks
can't do. (Curved surgical scissors,
which can be had for about 60 cents a
pair. And deftly whisk up the wing
and clip it without touching the queen
elsewhere.) "No use o' talkin'," the
scent of human fingers does sometimes
cause queens to be attacked and killed.
Thus the improved way is a life-saver.
One heavy objection to the usual way
is that the queen at once throws a foot
upon one of the blades in the effort to
push it away, and loses a foot in the
process. The Doolittle way with a
keen pen-knife is vastly safer, as well
as being a good way otherwise.
Whether the Byer method is splendid
or bad depends partly upon whether
the queen is, or is not, going to notice
the thing enough to " put her foot in
it." I hope she will not ; but it needs
lots of watching — and lots of examina-
tion of queens afterward — to be sure of
it. Very desirable to obviate the scent
of fingers which the Doolittle way puts
on. I don't clip. If I did I think I
should use wire forceps— made of such
fine wire as frames are wired with.
Loop on each tip sized and shaped like
a bean. This wire, when doubled and
twisted, is just still enough to hold the

queen, and just flexible enough that
you can't pinch to injure her. Once in
the forceps, you can focus her in your
specs and proceed so deliberately that
the danger of amputating feet and legs
is minimized. Alas, she is so quick,
and the human nerve-telegraph so
slow, that the foot tnay go in just as
the blades close by any scissors method
— unless, possibly, by the method
which uses a West cage and pulls a
wing through the wires before cutting.
Page 317.

The Sad Mix Up of Names of
Plants.

Yes, Mr. SchoU, it's a sad nuisance
that in the popular names of plants it
so often happens that totally different
plants have the same name in different
localities. The sage of Texas is not,
by a mile, the sage of California. The
poplar of the South is about as differ-
ent as you can well get from the poplar
of the North — and so on around. Use
the botanical names ? Ah, yes — if only
our jaw-bones would not break in the
process — and if only the angels were
white, and didn't have such big black
spots on them ! Botanical names pretty
badly mixed, too. From the sheer
vastness of Nature, the same plant in-
nocently got two or more botanical
names. Competent botanists worked,
and worked hard and wide, and didn't
always see each other's work in time.
But mending the trouble, and getting
down to one name, was a tedious affair
not yet fully over. Also some dupli-
cates were given on purpose. The big
trees of California had to fight it out
between Wellingtonia (biggest British
general) and Washingtonia (biggest
American president), and Sequoya (big-
gest Indian thinker), the last finally

416

May 16, 1907

American Vae Journal

winning because the other two stirred
bad blood and killed each other off.
And now an awful squabble seems
coming on between those who want to
keep the established genera about as
they are, and those who want to split
them up, and lug in a great lot of new
names. We bee-folks have a right to
speak feelingly (to pass from plants to
creatures higher), for our bee is called
both Apismelli/eraa.n& Apis mellifica;
and the great bee is called both Apis
dorsata and Megapis dorsata. Let us
wait with patience. Millennium will
get here finally. And meantime it does
help wme to use botanical names.
Page 299.

Breeding for Non-Swarming Beks.
The San Antonio convention tried
to get its eye on the non-swarming bee.
Hardly had conspicuous success at it.
Sad to relate, the bee that swarms
more than usual is a great deal easier
to obtain than.the one that swarms less
than usual. And where certain bees

seem to be non-swarming, it transpires
that it was all in the conditions, not in
the bees. Change the conditions and
directly the bees swarm as badly as
others. Still the rooster crows that
some time in the geological ages of the
future there will be a non swarming
bee. But complete control of drone-
parentage will come first, I think, to
help the thing along. I sometimes
suspect that Nature's present bee is
about as good at gathering honey as it
ever will be, or ever can be. But non-
swarming will give the breeders of the
future something valuable to breed for.
Page 309,

Against Sulphuric Acid for Cleans-
ing Beeswax.

Certainly C. P. Dadant is qualified
to protest against anything that in-
jures beeswax — has used beeswax
enough. We notice that he protests
against the use of sulphuric acid as a
dirt starter when rendering it. Page
306.

(Convention
Proceeding's

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held in San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

(Continued from page 398 )

Honey for Texas Producers.

"What is the most profitable kind of
honey for Texas bee-keepers to pro-
duce, bulk comb, section honey, or ex-
tracted?"

Mr. Hyde— Mr. President, I put that
question in there. I want to hear the
discussion of bulk comb honey before
the Northern bee-keepers, not that we
are expecting you to produce bulk comb
honey because you have a shorter honey-
flow, and it is quite different in this part
of the country. We have long seasons,
and the seasons are such that we don't
find it profitable to produce section-
honev. A few years ago, bulk

comb honey was practically unknown.
But today there is scarcely a bee-keep-
er in the United States that has not
heard of it and how it is produced. It
is now the principal product of South-
west Texas, and is gaining foothold
further North. The demand of the
consumer for this article is rapidly
growing, and is keeping far ahead of
the production. There are many rea-
sons why it is rapidly growing. The
buyer feels sure that he is getting just
as pure honey as if he were buying
section honey ; and that he is getting
full weight; a'lso that he has bought
it at a less price than he could section
honey. Then, he has it in a nice ves-
sel where there is no waste nor leak-

age, and, when the honey is used up,
he has a nice pail left that is handy
in any kitchen. The above will apply
to the majority of buyers. Of course,
there are some that will always buy
section honey because it looks nicer to
them. The most delightful sight to
nine-tenths of the buyers, is a nice
pail of bulk comb honey, with just
enough clear, sweet, extracted honey
poured over it to cover it and to make
it juicy. Bulk comb honey is mostly
produced in the Ideal super. There are
some bee-keepers that still use the full
bodies for bulk comb, but we feel sure
it is because they have never used the
Ideal, which is lighter to handle; near-
er the right amount of room to give
a colony at one time; and last, but not
least, easier to get rid of the bees. Take
off the cover, give them a few puffs of
smoke, pry up the super, bounce it on
the hive lightly, and most of the bees
will fall off. Then pile them up in
a pile, smoke them at the bottom, and
in a few minutes all of the remaining
bees will leave. In that way you have
no handling nor brushing of bees. The
Ideal frames are handier for extracted,
and if vou will use a No. 17 Cowan
Extractor, you can extract 4 frames
at once. W'e pack bulk comb honey by
cutting it out of the frame; then place
it nicely in cans and fill the can full.
Then pour in extracted honey to fill
the crevices. In this way about one-
third is extracted honey. Now as to
the relative cost of bulk and comb
honey. You buy supers and frames for
bulk comb once for all time to come.
When you buy supers for sections, the

sections are sold with the honey, and
you have more to buy each year, and
new separators every 2 or 3 years. And
the shipping-cases cost more than for
bulk comb. It is much more trouble
and time to pack it than to pack bulk
comb, and much more apt to get broken
up in shipping than bulk comb. And
it takes double first-class freight-rate.
Bulk comb honey takes fourth-class
rate, less than one-half what it takes
to ship section honey. Another great
advantage in producing bulk comb
honey is that we can get the bees to
work in the supers much earlier than
we can in sections, and they can get
in larger clusters to get up heat suf-
ficient to produce wax much better and
faster than when they are cut up into
so many departments. All bee-keep-
ers that have tried both kinds will
readily testify that they can produce
from one-half to twice as much bulk
comb as they can section honey.

The convention then adjourned to
meet again at i -.30 p. m.
THIRD DAY— Afternoon Session.
Pres. Dadant— As the Resolutions
Committee are not yet ready, we will
proceed with the Question-Box.

Wages of Apiarian Hired Help.

"What should we pay experienced
hired help in the apiary?"

Dr. Bohrer— Let Dr. Philhps answer
that question. .

Dr. Phillips— We never hire help ex-
cept by the year, and the work is en-
tirely different from ordinary apiaries.
Mr. Jones— In our district it is hard
to get competent help, and we pay all
the way from $15 to $30 and $35 per
month, but it is mostly at these prices;
but we don't get experienced labor.

Mr. Hyde— I think the part of the
country in which we live has a good deal
to do with that. I could not tell you
what you should pay in Colorado or
any State in the North, but I hire from
2 to 4 men each year during the sum-
mer season, and I have generally paid
about $30 down to $iS for the best ex-
perienced men ; but this would not apply
in North Texas, as labor is worth twice
as much as it is in this part of the
State; but since I have been down here
I have been paying $30 for the best labor
I get.

Mr. 'Victor- 1 have paid as high as
$40 per month for some of my help, and
I don't know but that the $40 help paid
me as much as 2 men that did not know
much about it. The balance of my help,
I had rather they did not know much
about it; but I want one experienced
man, and I would like to have one man
in charge of each apiary that knows
what is to be done, and pay from 75
cents to $1.00 a day for the labor, and
from $30 to $40 for a man that knows
how to do something.

Mr. Hyde— I aimed to make that ex-
planation. The others I call helpers, and
the apiaries are under the charge of that
man.

Mr. France — I am a good ways from
home, but experienced bee-keepers, I
would infer from that; and it is a hard
question, indeed, in our part of the coun-
try to get men that will work for some

May 16, 1907

American ^ee Journal

417

one else. Most of them want to work
for themselves in our country, and I
have to take the other side of it, and
use their hands and my ability. We can
not get experienced bee-keepers — they
all want to work for themselves.

Dr. Bohrer — Well, you have to pay
for such as you do get, don't you?

Mr. France — I have had students for
several years, who attend our State
Normal School, and during the vacation
I can get them at reduced prices, pay-
ing about So cents to $i.oo a day and
their board; but if I have to go outside

of that class of labor I have to pay
more. The man who is living across
tlie road from mr has charge of the ex-
tracting and cisin^. He goes with me
from one apiary to the other; he does
the handling of Ihe machinery, etc. I
give him $2.00 a day and his dinner; but
he extracts about 4,000 pounds a day,
and rides 6 or 8 miles a day. It has been
suggested that the Information Bureau
ask for such bee-keepers, so if you know
of any, let it be known.

Pres. Dadant — We will now hear from
the Committee on Resolutions.
(Cuntiaued next week.)

v<r:

ocfor Nilleils

Send Questions either to the otlice of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mail.

Wintering Bees in Danzenbaker
Hives, Etc.

I use the Danzenbaker hive and winter my
bees on the summer stanJs. X expect to got
6ome shallow Ddozenbaker frames filied wtlh
buckwheat honey. Then when I pack the
bees for winter I want to gire each colony
some of these frames in a super.

1. Would I have to give them a full super,
or could I just as well haog 3 or 4 frames in
the center and leave the rest of the super
empty?

2. Would that extra space to keep warm
be more of a detriment than the honey would
be a help*

S. Would I still have to put a super of
packing on top of all, or could 1 pack on each
side of the 3 or 4 frames of honej ?

4. If so, how should I do it?

5. Would it be better to put the super of
filled shallow frames, whether 3 or 4 or a full
super, under the brood chamber, and let the
bees take it up as needed ',

6. If I did this, should my outer winter-case
■come clear to the bottom of all, or just to the
bottom of brood body*

7. To make it still better, if they were your
bees, what would you do different from any
of these suggestions?

8. I am giving my bottom-boards, super-
covers and escape-boards 2 heavy coats of
paint all over top and bottom. Is this a good
plan ?

9. What is the best foundation-fastener one
can get for full sheets or for full sheets an J
bottom-starters in sections^

10. How hig-h from the ground is it best to
have the hives i We have quite a bit of wind
here, but not strong enough to blow a hive
over. Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. You can do either way.

2. That depends. With a colony none too
strong and abundant honey in the brood-
chamber, it might bo more of a detriment.
With a rousing colony and a bare possibility
that the stores in the brood chamber might
run out, it would be an excellent precaution-
ary measure.

3. You could pack on each side.

4. On each side of the frames of honey put
a dummy, having spacers either on the frames
or on the dummies so that there would be no
danger that in packing a dummy might be
crowded up too close to the honey ; and then

pack each side just as you would pack an
empty super.

5. I don't know. I'm not sure but it
would ; only in that case you must be careful
you don't start robbing when the under story
is first given.

6. Not very material ; but it would be a lit-
tle better to come clear down.

7. I'm not sure I've anything better to sug-
gest, unless it would be to have the honey
stored in frames the same size as those in the
brood chamber, and then have all the honey
in the brood-chamber.

8. Yes.

9. 1 suppose you mean for fastening foun-
dation in sections. Perhaps you can have
nothing better than the Daisy fastener.

10 That depends somewhat upon location.
In some places in the South, hives must be
stilted up to keep ants out. In this locality,
and probably in your locality, no such neces-
sity exists, and it is better to have the hives
merely raised enough so they will not suffer
from the moisture of the ground, the bottom
of the hive being 3 10 6 inches above the
ground. That makes it more convenient for
any returning bees that drop on the ground
in front of the hive, and it is also more con-
venient for the bee-keeper to sit beside the
hive.

Taxing Bees-Sowing Sweet Clover

Seed-Numlier of Colonies

to toe a Bee-Keeper

1. Are bees assessable? Does a man have
to pay taxes on them after he gets a certain
number of colonies' A man here said they
were taxable, and I ttim to remember seeing
in the American B;e .lournal that they were
not.

3. Can one be prosecuted for sowing sweet
clover along the couotry road?

3. About how nja II v colonies of bees must
one have to be a bee i<eeper — not an amateur
bee-keeptr! Missouri.

Answers. — 1. In Illinois they are assess-
able the same as any lener property, whether
one has 1000 colonics i-r only a single colony.
Why should it neit \v so? I don't know
whether the law is ;t;i different in Missouri.

2. I never heani 1: any law that would
make such sowin^^ u criminal offense. At the

same time, it there Is a strong prejudice
amon^ your neighbors against having sweet
clover on the roadside— a prejudice which is
by no means uncommon — I think 1 would not
sow any seed except on my own land. After
your neighbors learn that you can utilize
sweet clover for pasture and hay, their preju-
dice may ba overcome.

3. As generally used, the word " bee-
keeper" applies to any one who owns bees,
whether a single colony or a thousand. It
would perhaps be better to limit the word to
designate one who takes care of bees with
some degree of skill, the number of colonies
having Utile or nothing to do in the case.
An amateur bee-keeper is one who keeps bees
largely for the pleasure of it, no matter how
many colonies he has.

Rearing Queens for Home Use

1. I will probably need 10 to 20 queens this
summer. To buy them Js rather expensive,
and to wait for the bees to swarm is too late;
besides, I don't want them to swarm it 1 can
help it. Some think good queens can not be
reared in a queenless colony. What Is your
opinion?

2. Would the following plan be profitable!
Divide a colony according to the Alexander
plan, put the queen in the lower and the
brood in the upper story, then place a honey-
board between to get cells started.

3. How long would it be necessary to let
the honey-board remain to get cells started?

4. Is it likely that the bees would destroy
the cells after the honey-board was removed
if a queen-excluder were put on '

5. Is there danger that the bees would
swarm if the cells were left until sealed?

6. VVouldn't the cells he as well off in a 2
or 3 frame nucleus after they were sealed as
in a full colony? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. Rightly managed, I believe
as good queens as any in the world can be
reared in a queenless colony.

2. Your plan will work if there is a strong
force of bees in the upper story, but it isn't
the best way. If I understand you correctly,
a board cuts off all communication between
the lower and upper story, and, with no nec-
tar coming in, the bees will be to some extent
in a discouraged condition. Better take a
little more trouble and have the very best
queens obtainable.

3. Probably 2 days will be long enough.

4. Sometimes they would. There is more
danger of it with an energetic young queen
than with an older one. The best is to have
in the hive below a queen that the bees are
about to supersede.

5 No, cells in the upper story over an ex-
cluder will not cause the colony below to
swarm.

C. Probably they generally would; but if
a cold spell should come they would be better
off in a full colony. There is no particular
object in putting them in nuclei as soon as
they are sealed, for any number can be put
in an upper story over an excluder, and they
are quite safe there until about 10 days after
the colony was made queenless in which the
cells were started, and having the cells in the
upper story doesn't hinder the working of the
colony belnw, unless they are working in
sections. Better keep the cells in a full col-
ony just as long as you can. The matter of
good queens is so important that it pays to
give them the best chance possible. About
the only place in which it pays to economize
is in the place where the young queen has to
wait to be fertilized and to begin laying. A
nucleus will do tor that perhaps just as well
as a full colony.

Amerikanisclie Bienenzuclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 13S rages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, 61.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for S1.7o. Address
all orders to this office.

418

May 16, 1907

lp|>orf5and

Bees Doing Well

I have 68 colonies of bees, spring count,
doing well. Our honey comes from alfalfa
and sweet clover. I run my apiary for ex-
tracted honey, which sells at 6 cents per
pound here.

I could not get along without the American
Bee Journal. John Mills.

Hagerman, Ida., April 25.

American line Journal

cluster of angry bees on the ground directly
under the clustered swarm.

My present plan is to use not less than 8 of
my standard brood-combs (which have a 14-
inch top-bar) to each nucleus. My nucleus
hives hold from 4 to 6 such frames, and if at
any time orders for queens are slack, I remove
the division-board and add such comb or
combs as may be needed, and keep my queens
at work. W. J. Davis, 1st.

Warren Co., Pa., April 23.

Baby Nuclei for Queen Matin?

On page 329, the subject of baby nuclei is
spoken of which prompts me to give my ex-
perience in trying to get young queens fertil-
ized in such quarters.

In 1905 I made a number of baby nuclei,
each to hold 3 one-pound sections, making
them double, with entrance at opposite ends.
But one season's use satisfied me that they
were entirely useless for the purpose intended.
Even virgin queens seemed to realize that
such cramped quarters were no place to build
a strong colony, and the few that did- become
fertilized, unless removed at once, would till
the empty cells with eggs, and the little col-
ony would desert their contemptible quarters.

One in particular gave me considerable
trouble. A large swarm issued that had a
clipped queen, and a fertilized queen from a
baby nucleus came out at the same time and
took the swarm to the top of a tall apple-tree.
It does not matter how high a swarm settles
if they have no queen, for like Crockett's
coon, they have to "come down."

I am not afraid of virgin queens with a first
swarm, for the bees will ball them, and it is
an easy matter to find the young queen in a

Not An Encouraging Prospect

My bees have not wintered so well as usual.
1 lost one colony out of 27; two 1 found
queenless, and thieves entered my yard and
carried off one. The prospect for bees this
spring is very poor. Frost has killed nearly
all fruit-buds, and high winds and cold waves
are common this spring. Snow — yes, we are
getting some of that, too. April 13 we had
about 3 inches on the level, and this morning
about l^a inches, so you see the prospects are
not what they might be. Well, it's no use to
grumble over spilled milk. My bees are well
provided with honey yet, and I have about 200
pounds of sealed honey in brood-frames to
build them up for the honey-harvest, which,
as a general thing, starts the latter part of
June. Henkt Hansen.

Ashton, Nebr., April 25.

" The Judgment " as Seen in a Bee-
Keeper's Dream

I had a strange dream last night. I thought
I stood by the gate which St. Peter is sup-
posed to guard, watching the throng passing
through. It seemed to be "Bee-keepers'
Day," for I recognized many of them by the
pictures that have become so familiar to read-
ers of the bee-papers. Occasionally one was
" turned down," but the most of them went
through without question.

Soon my attention was attracted to a rather
important-looking shade who was pushing
and crowding his way rapidly along. He

crowded in front of A. I. Root, who meekly-
stepped to one side, pushed in between Dr.
Miller and Doolittle, and was slipping through
in the wake of big, good-natured Scholl, when
St. Peter stopped him. He looked surprised,
and haughtily said, " I'm a bee-keeper!"

" Yes, yes," said St. Peter, " that's all
right; but there is something more needed
here. What have you ever done to entitle
you to a seat inside'"

"Why," replied the important one, "I
have been the means of saving tliousands of
bee-keepers from perdition."

" So ! so ! In what way?" asked St. Peter.

" Well, I discovered a secret that, if pub-
lished, would have made millionaires of all
the bee-keepers that knew of it; and you
know it is almost impossible for a rich man
to enter into the Kingdom of Heaven."

"Strange," said St. Peter." " I never heard
of this. What might be your name?"

"My name is Davenport!"

Just at this juncture I awoke, but not be-
fore I saw a frown gather on St. Peter's brow
that I imagined boded no good for our secre-
tive friend. E. J. Gillbtt.

Mexico, N. Y.

HOW TO PAINT

Buggies, farm wagons, fanning tools, barns, outbuildings and
houses often need painting. "Everybody's Paint Booli," written by a thorough-
ly practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting.
It is designed for the special use of those who wish to do tlieir own painting. It gives
practical lessons in plain painting, varnisbing, polishing, Staining, paper hang-
ing, kalsoniining, etc.

It also tells how to renovate furniture and gives many hints on artistic work
for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mi.xing paints for all purposes.

If farming tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, and
anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantially
bound in cloth. A copy will be sent postage prepaid on receipt of price, $1.00

SPECIAL OFFERS

For $1.60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee Journal one year ;
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. 111.

Bee= Hives, Sections

WHY BUY OF US?

Remus, Mich., Feb. 25, 1907.
A. G. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

bear Sir: — I use Lewis Sections exclusively;
there are none better — the only perfect "V"-cut section
that has come to my notice. They fold without moist-
ening. E. D. TOWNSEND.

Remus, Mich., Feb. 18, 190".
The Lewis Hive-Bodies are far superior, both in
material and workmanship, to any I ever bought.

As ever yours, E. D. Townsend.

Beeswax Wanted. Advanced Bee- Veil, cord
arrangement. Silk face, SO cents, postpaid.

A. G. WOODMAN CO. ''"^''Ai^S'"'''

winter and Spring Hard on Bees

A friend whose bees I had charge of last
spring would not put any expense on them,
so he did not feed them last fall. They were
very light in honey. The open winter we
have had in Iowa was hard on bees wintered
on the summer-stands. Out of 35 or 40 colo-
nies, fall count, only 10 were alive this spring.
The 3 colonies I had in the cellar were all
right in January, but my wife has been very
sick with typhoid fever, and I could not take
the bees out in March as I should have done,
so all 3 are dead, although they had plenty ot
stores. The cellar was quite damp and the
air foul, which I think was the principal
cause of their dying.

I will not give up bee-keeping because I am
out of bees, for I now have 10 empty hives-
and enough supplies to last a year. I expect
to use them the coming season. I have taken
4 colonies on shares about 3 miles from where
I live, and have had 3 colonies given me that
I will keep here.

This month has been a hard one on bees.
Last month was so warm that brood-rearing-
was pretty well started, and this month ha&
been so very cold, with extreme changes.
(Rev.) J. W. Stink.

Durham, Iowa, April 15.

Managing Weak Colonies— Last
Year's Crop

Alexander's plan for weak colonies wasua
complete success with me in 3 cases last
spring. I think the best plan in dividing
them when they become strong is to move the
bottom hive just half its width to one side,
and set the top hive close up to the side. This
really makes one hive of them with a wide
entrance, and each one catches its share of
bees. After a day or two they can be moved
apart.

I got about $40 worth of honey from 18 col-
onies, last season, and increased to 23 colo-
nies. F'. J- Gillbtt.

Mexico, N. T.

Lost 4 Out of 6 Colonies

I put 6 colonies of bees into the cellar last
fall, and have had rather bad luck as I took
only 3 colonies out alive this spring.

I must have the American Bee Journal as
long as I have a single colony.

M. O. ROCKWOOD.

Osage, Iowa, April 16.

THE AMERICAN FOOD LABORATORY

E. N. Eaton, M.So., Chemist.

4 years State Chemist, Minnesota.

6 years State Analyst, Illinois.
1235-1248 Caxton Building,

334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111.
Samples of Honey analyzed. Correspon-
dence solicited.

May 16, 1907

419

American ^ae Journal

American Bee Journal
Novelty Pocket-Hnife
Gold Fountain Pen

All
for

$3:00

HOWARD M. MELBEE,

HONEYVILLE, O.

(This cut is the full size of the Knife.)

Worker

Queen

NOVELTY POCKET-KNIFE

(Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side.)

Your Name on the Knife. — When ordering, be sure to say
just what name and address you wish put on the Knife.

The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty. The novelty lies in the
handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as
transparent as glass. Underneath the celluloid, on one side of the
handle is placed the name and residence of the owner, and on the
other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here.

The Material entering into this celebrated knife is of the very
best quality ; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English
razor-steel, and we warrant every blade. It will last a life-time, with
proper usage.

Why Own the Novelty Knife? — In case a good knife is lost,
the chances are the owner will never recover it ; but if the " Novelty "
is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it.
If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so
fortunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will
serve as an identifier; and, in case of death, your relatives will at once
be notified of the accident.

How to Get this Valuable Knife. — We send it postpaid for
?1.25, or club the Novelty Knife and the American Bee Journal for one
year — both for $3.00. (Allow two weeks for Knife order to be filled.)

SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say- that if you pay more than
il.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are 14 kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
Drone "^^^ Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler. j^ si2e

We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the
weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies)
for 20c ; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK S CO.. 334 Dearborn St.. Chlcaj^clll.

Pure and Selected Italian Queens

Sent direct from Bologna (Central Italy. >
Address, EXTENSIVE APIARIES.

ENRICO PENNA, San RuffiUo, Bologna, Italy.

1907 Price-List for America :

1 4(iieen IS Queens

April and May .>1.90 $21.60

June and July 1.80 20.40

August and September 1.60 19.20

Notice. — Mr. Doolittle's " Scientific Queen-Rearing " is my guide in rearing my queens.

Only fertilized queens of the highest type are sent to purchasers. In September and October

I can send also Italian Queens of common bees at $1.30 each.

Conditions.— Cash with orders. The queens that may die on the journey will be replaced

provided they be sent back immediately in their boxes. Purohasfi> are urgently requested to

give their address very clearly.

Mention Bee Joamal irhen vrrltlns.

Queens

'1 he tlncBt Id Itie lanil from

DaNIEI, WlHTII ,\: (illANT.

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded Goldens.

The (ioldens took First

-, Prcniium at every Fair they

were exhibited last year.

Prices :-Unte6ted, $1.00 each; Tested.Jl 50
each. .Address,

DANIEL WURTH Sk GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

BS^ Make Money Orders payable on West
iotk. Ark I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.-D. W. gj-g^

Bee-MuppliRM and Kerry. Boxes

6ttf W. J. McCARTV, EmmeUburK, Iowa.
Mention Bee Jonraal nhen writlas.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE— a year's subscription
with order amounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32-pagre Illustrated Catalog-
free.

W. D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, Hlch.
28Etf Please menlion the Bee Journal.

29 Years Means GlEEN ftuallty

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year
like last, and 2S0 to the colony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. Every queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tells
of Italian and Caucasian

SEtf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich

Mention Bee Jonmnl when wrltla».

OI IFPN^ Caucasians, Italians, Cyprians
V«-'l-iC;i^O and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one e.\tra
best select breeding Queen, $3.00: one best Imported
direct from Caucasus, .$4.50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing. ¥2^0(1; one best Imported, best Italian orCarni-
oJan Oueen, *_>.50. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding. $j.so; one best Imported direct from
Cyprus, $3.50. Prices In July, August and Septem-
ber, .lU cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for 511 and 100 Queens. Caucasian, Italian,
<-yprian,and Carniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in D. S. or
Canada. To Au.stralia. Ceylon. India. etc.,$l more.
B. HAUNSCHILD, the Queen-Breeder,

20A13t Wcissbach b. Pulsnitz, i. Sa., Germany.
Mention Bee Journal when wrltliiK>

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON
TOOLS

S.P FiUiag&SonCo.,

C;tponizing is easy — soon
learned. Complete outtit
with free Instructions
postpaid J3.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c

Poultry Marker 254

French KilUng Knlf«t<Ja

[Capon Book Free.
Aicli&t.,Flmadel|iiiia, (Ik

Mention Bee Jonrnal vrhen wrltlnc.

The EmersoD Binder

This Emerson stifE-board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but 75 cents; or we will send it with the

Bee Journal for one year— both for only jil.oO.
It is a fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding is
necessary.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

334 Dearborn Street- ,CHICAGO, ILL.

420

I American Hae Journal

May 16, 1907

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Famous
Honey-
Prodncers
1 am booking orders now for April. May
and June delivery, for Carniolans. Ital-
ians, and Goldens— equ%l to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices :

Tested Queens .$1.00 each ; SIO.OO per doz.

Warranted" T5 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6At£ GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in MiCHfQAN

Let us quote yon prices ou Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in'one
season. Oider now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Qneen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1,50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

18Atf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported sloik. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen Jl.lO

" Tested Queen 1.50

" Select Tested Queen 1.65

" Breeier Queen 2.75

'• Comb Nucleus fno

Queen) 1.15

'• I'ntested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Untested in May. Allothers
ready now from last reason's
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and drscriptio" of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.
J. L. STRONG
5Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.

flnoel'sGolflen Beauties

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for SI.SO. Have bad 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANQEL

2aA13t R.R.No. 1, EVANSVILLE, IND.

Your Order for (Joeens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Itilian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business : our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens,?!. 00
each; Untested Queens, 75 cents; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20Atf LoREAUViLLE, Iberia Pa., La.

Meatlon Bee Jonntal wbea wrltlnK-

<9^

m

P We will Buy and p
I SeU I

i HOMY I

%w of the different grades and kinds. S5a

g!M If you have any to dispose of, or if

^S you intend to buy, correspond

^^ with us.
^1 We are always in, the marlset

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal wk«« wrltliKV'

Ohio and West Virginia
Bee-Keepers

Save freight and time by ordering
Root's Goods from me. Catalog
free.
E. W. PIERCE, Zanesville, O.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We offer for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at .$2.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at ?3.25 each ; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at S3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Well-Bred Qneens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for <Jook's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook's Square Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

ro Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only-
Reliable Goods sold.
10 cents brings sample jar by mail.
17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

*' Xhe continuous advertiser
gets Ike bulk of tke business,
because otiiers are not adver-
tising:, and be is.'*

Something New=The Ideal Hive=TooI

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr. Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery DOW.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool 13 made of high-grade malleable iron, much lilie wrouKht iron.
8>| inches long. The middle part is 1 l-lii inches wide and 7-32 thicli. The smaller end is IH inches long, >«
inch wide, and 7-32 thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar liie wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It :

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's " Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says; " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 190", h3
wrote us saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth. "

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
$1.00; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool — both
for $1.30. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., CHICAQO, ILL.

May 16, 1907

American Hee Journal

arc nimlo every year in the Imok luiflinesH.
J'vrry fiimily. rich or i>niir. must have
hookH. DiiriiiR the hi^t f'-w Murw. $7.5IH)..
(Xm IH) hdvo been exji.n.leil for Mciem
Eloqnfiuo. .Sl-i.tii0.ii(NI.(N.> for Stcichinl's
>. Lci-tiin-H. S'-T.'iXlJUW.W) for the Century
J Dictiontiry. urn! the trenn-ndourt pum of
$44.aKi,(»lXi.(iO. foverincover hwl f a mi llion
Beta of the Fr.cvclopip.iiH Britiinnica.
These books were sold by Huhwcription in
American homes and Galea are etill
goiuK on.

We have a subscriptioa publication
whith sells more reiidily thnn any of the
above. The demund in iilrfiuly so tre-
mendous that more canitiil is required to
ewin« it. or set hehina on orders. ProfitB
are enormous, several times savings bank
interest.

We havo arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholdera in a profitable
business, based on twenty years' experi-
ence, Rememl>er,the success of this pultli-
cation is not away off in the future— it is
not prospective, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
evt-ry hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional ojiportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pa\8 large dividends and is as
solid as the Rock of Gibraltnr. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we neeii to increase
the numtier of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning big dividends.and which
IB led to sell a small amount of its stock
Bimply because the business is alreadv so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if >ou would grasp this op-
portunity you must

Jji Write Quick-OnlyaFewCan Come In

M Address your letter to me personally.

^ like this—

k W. B. Gilbert

Dept. 0 28 JackiOD BlTd..CIuc«so

i

BEE-SUPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Lan^-stroth, Alternating-,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Kemember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our g-oods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRETGtlMER MFG. CO., Council BluHs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

Mention Be« Jotumal whea writlac

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

-This is the Smoker w

Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, III.
recommend above all others.

tr. jJ. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. 1. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone tits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, '■ Patented 1878
1892, and 1003," and have all the new improvements. '

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 1 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 3)4 "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries LOO— 3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2X "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 6»— 3 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-offlce free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham ,v Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM, Farwell,

Patented May 20.187'i.

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Seud for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

SlniPl6X D66"nIV6 cheapest, most' au
table, petfect. efficient implement. Constructed
without boards. Any one ran manufacture it.
License of U. S. Patent granted. Address,

17 A6t P. O. BOX 332. Colton, Calif.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltins:.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from ihe best stock this country
can produce Brig-ht Golden and 3-banded
Queens readj to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing-orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6 Sq. Tested, SI.UO,
or 6 for $S.50. 2 frame nuclei with Youne Queen
afer June 1, $2.(j0 GEO. M . BARNES.

lSA26t Bos 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, ?1 each; Tested Queens $2-
Select Tested, g3. You can only get gooi
Queens from the South in the early spring
Book your orders NOW.

H. M.

3Atf
mention

PARKER, JR.

JAMES ISLAND,

Bee Jonraal when

s. c.

TrrltlnK.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each: six, $3.50

Selected untested .7Sc " "4 00

Tested $1.00 " " 500

Selected tested 1.2s "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen. 2,00
Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Qreenville, Ala.

17Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Please Mention IheAfflericau Bee Journal Xd^mYsS

422

May 16, 1907

American ^ec JournaJj

GREAT SCOTT!!

Indianapolis and Lewis Goods

The C. n. SCOTT CO., Distributors for Indiana

Carloads of the famous Lewis Beeware now ready for you at Indianapolis, one of the

greatest shipping centers in the United States.
Can be shipped you at the drop of the hat.

10 different counties voice the sentiment of the State.

PFomptness ! Quality ! Reliability !

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Oentle.me)i:—l have bought Lewis Company's bee-supplies for the
last 25 years. In the last " years, since you had an agency for them, I
have bought them from you and have found you honest to the cent.
Your sections can't be beat. Yours truly.

White Co. W. H. Whitcher.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Qentlemm :—k\\. bee-keepers' supplies I ordered from you in past
years were all flrst-class goods, nicely packed, and promptly shipped.

I am yours for future patronage. Wm. Daubenspeck.

Green Co.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gcntltmen : — Having done business with you some time, I can not
say anything but good words in regard to your plan of doing business.
I will look upon it as my duty, also an honor, to do all I can to ad-
vance your interests. Yours truly,

Vigo Co. E. E. Reed.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen :—l have always found supplies from you to be perfect
in every respect, and as good as can be bought. My orders have always
been promptly filled, goods well packed and in first-class condition.

White Co. Yours truly, Ira Clapper.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen .—For the last three years I have used your bee-sup-
plies, and find them as you recommend them. X never had dealings
witha fairer firm for prompt shipments and honesty.

Sullivan Co. Yours truly, Joel C. Barnes.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen .—Upon dealing with you I have always found you
prompt in shipping, and the goods are just as you recommend them to
be I never have had a mistake to rectify in my dealings with you.

Fulton Co. Yours truly, Wm. Baumann.

The C. M. Scott Co , Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen: — Having purchased bee-supplies from you for three or
four years, would say that I have found the goods as advertised.
Everything full count, boxed and shipped promptly.

Park Co. Yours truly, Dempset Seybold

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen : — The orders for bee-keepers' supplies I have placed
with you have been given prompt attention. Goods came securely
and carefully packed and in good condition. The goods are durable
and have given perfect satisfaction in everyway. lean cheerfully
recommend yon to any one wishing anything in your line. Wishing
you continued success, I am Yours truly,

Posey Co. W. 0. Klotz.

The C M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen: — I have been using G. B. Lewis Co. bee hives and
fixtures for the past 20 years, and have always found their goods very
satisfactory. I have been dealing with you ever since you commenced
selling Lewis Goods, and have always found you honest and upright.

Montgomery Co. Yours truly, J. E. CoBN.

The C. M. Scott C, Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentlemen: — I have had dealings with the C. M. Scott Co., job-
bers and dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, for several years. I find
them prompt, and in packing and shipping my orders they surely have
my thanks.

Wishing them good success, I am Yours truly,

Tippecanoe Co. Isaac E. Windle.

The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

Gentleineu : — I will say that the sections and bee-supplies I got
from you are the best I ever received, and when you make an error
you will correct it. I am in the business forty-five years, and got
supplies from different firms and none compare with yourselves.

Allen Co. Yours truly, M. J. Kistler.

May 16, 1907

423

American Hee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

TflB-

Americaii Bee -Keeper
lor 1907

It Is profusely illustrated and fin-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has bpen engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Boe-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[EstabUshed 25 years. J

^oncy anb

' Chicago, May 9.— Very little honey on the
market of any kind. Prices are therefore nom-
inal. A little choice white clover comb sold at
17c, and would bring that at present, but sup-
ply seems to be exhausted ; even with this scar-
city there is no demand for No. 2 grades. E.^-
tracted, white, 7(3Sc; amber, 6(2 7c. Beeswax in
(food demand at 32c. R. A. Boknhtt & Co.

Cincinnati, April 16 — There is nothing new
in the honey market, excepting- that this part
of the country is bare of comb honey, and it is
well, for consumers will appreciate the new
crop more when it arrives. We are selliug ex-
tracted amber honey in barrels at from Si^di-
6Xc. Fancy table honey, S5^c@9c, in crates of
two 60-pound cans. For choiceyellow beeswax,
free from dirt, 32c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Mcth Co.

Philadelphia, April 25.— The comb honey
market, on account of the lateness of the sea-
son, has grown just a little weaker in the last
10 days, although extracted honey is kept very
firm. We think, however, there will be com-
paratively little comb honey carried over ex-
cept in very small lots. We quote: Fancy
comb honey, 14@lSc; No. 1, 13@14c: amber,
12@13c. Fancy extracted honey, 7@8c; light
amber, 6(ii7c. Beeswax firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission, iz; C3 Wm. A. Selser.

New York, April 12.— Come Honey.— There
is very little doing; stock of white honey of all
grades is practically cleaned up, and small
shipments which arrive from time to time, find
ready sale at 14@lSc for choice white stock, and
12®13c for off grades. Considerable dark comb
honey is left on the market, and there does not
seem to be any demand whatsoever. We quote
nominally at 10@Hc, but in large lots we doubt
whether this price can te realized. Extracted
Honey.— California stock seems to be well
cleaned up, and we are informed that there is
very little left on the Coast, and, before the new
crop is marketed, whatever is on the market
now win have been consumed. The prospects
u California are very good for a large crop, but
nothing definite can be said ac this time, and
there is no surety of a big crop until it is actually
gathered. Last season the outlook was just as
good, but in the height of the season, cold
northern winds and generally contrary weather
affected the crop to such an extent that it was
small as in previous years. With favorable

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1WJ7 now on Ijami

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

aslmost all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYmC FROM ME.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

^A Special Discoujit on Early Orders.
QUEENS

bred in separate apiaries,
the CiOL,l»E:.'« VKI.-
LOWS, CAR.KIO-

ind C'AI t"ASIA;>S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 20.

C. H.W.WEBER =r

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146.-4S Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

weather in California for the next two months
a larg-e crop will undoubtedly be harvested, and
if so prices will naturally be considerably lower
than those of the past season and present prices.
We quote white sag-e at from 7@9c, and light
amber at from 7@7Mc. Near-by, as well as
Southern honey, is well cleaned up, and the
markets are in g-ood shape for new crop. Cuban
and other West Indian honeys are arriving- in
large quantities, most of which are sold for ex
port. The market is firm, at from SS&bOc per
gallon, duty paid according- to quality. Bees-
wax firm and steady at from 30(§i31c.

HiLDRETH A SeGELKEN.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16®i7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S.Poudbr.

Toledo, May 3.— There is very little demand
for comb honeyas is usually the case at this
season oftbeyear. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16tal7c; No. 1, 15@i6c, with no
demand for dark honey. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees-
wax is brinB'ing28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, May 4 —Receipts of comb and
extracted honey are light; in fact, the market
is almost bare. The demand for comb honey
is good, but for extracted is rather light. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sections, J3.25; No.
2, $2.75; No. 2 amber, f 2.50 to $2.75. Extracted,
white, 8@9c; amber, lur-Sc. Beeswax, 50c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of ooth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,S0. White
extracted, 8(S8Hc per pound; light amber,
7K@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@2Sc, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2,
selling at 12Hc, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sells in barrels at 5h'@6c. Beeswax
32c, delivered here. C. H.W. Wbbbk.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watir St. Chicago. Ilu

If you want tbe Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcnltnral Field more

completely than any other pnblished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal..

FOS HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DlicoanU to tba Trade.

BEE SUPPLIES.

WehaMmfIha finast baa auppllaa, made by tha W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO., Jamaatown, N. Y. Big Dlaeounts on early orders, let us figure
with yeu en your wants. ■.

MUTH -SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warp-'
proof covar, and bottom board, think of It, sama price as the regular
atylea. Sand for Catalog.

;:THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

51 WALNIJLT ST..

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

424

May 16. 1907

1^

American ^ae Journal

DADAIiT'S FOUNDATION I

/^IT EXCELSi^ I

0 Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will

0 say, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."

^ Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same

W thing. WHY ? Because we make the manufacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST
COMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.

For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-
periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

WORKING BEESWAX

We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct. 0

Send for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when ^

you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY. ^

Agents for our foundation everywhere. 0

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper. 0

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III. f

IS? W

#

#

Marshfield Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this '

is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why should i

we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory. i

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin. i

DOVETAILED. HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat^nothing flimsy about them.

'^ C3r_;

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

BF" You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have not yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. T

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & San, Ottnmwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Baell, Union Cit;.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairburj.
CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Ont.
ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phoenix.
MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-

ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS— D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli,Glenwood.

47th Year

MAY 23, 1907

Number 21

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

426

American ^ae Journal

May 23, 1907

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

118 W. Jackson Blvd., ChicaQO, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
$l.(w) a year, in the United Stales ot America and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, 60
cents a year extra for postaRe. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paiJ.
Eor instance, "dec<>7" on your label shows thai it is
paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
chance the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and creaited.

ftdvertising Rate, Der flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than Ji inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

5pace Discounts.

4 times.

. . 5 per cent

100 lines.

. . S per cent

13 " .

..10

500 " .

.10

26 " ..

..20 "

1000 " .

.20 "

52 " .

..30 "

2000 " .

.30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 2S cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

yd.— To protect and delend its members in their
awful ridhta.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey. ,

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. H. France, Platteville. Wis.

tW If nrore convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers ot the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

O *ONT YOU BEE nr HONEY.

AnO CHEtR THIS LONELT MEABT?

Fob i WOULD Hue YOU <ll the TiriE i

AnO Wt WOULD NfVtO P/lftI

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
1 ;iilver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
■.ojrnal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x33^2
inchet in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. .Jackson Blvd.. CHICAGO, ILL.

-^

__ i. New is tlie Time lo Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

<^

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Section-Holders,
Separators, Brood-Frames, Foundation, Smolders, Ex-
tractors, Sbippinfif-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEf.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota B66-K66D6rs' SuDDly 60.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

TENNE5SEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens Iron*
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After Apbil 15th.

Italians Before Julij Ist

1 After Julu 1st

GftRNiOLflNS 1

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6

12

1 6

12

1

6

12

1

6

fi

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

? .75
1.00
1.50
2.00

S 4.00

5.00

8 00

10.00

$ 7.50

9.00

15.00

IS.OO

j; .60

.75
1.25
1.50

$3.25
4.25
6.50
8.00

i 6.00
8.00
12.00
15.00

$ .85
110
1.60
2.10

$4 50
550
8.50

10.50

« 8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

$ .95
1.20
1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6.00

9.00

11.00

$ 8.50'
10 OO
16.00
19.00

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders $10.00

Select Golden Breeders 3 00

" 3-band " 3.00

" Carniolan " 8.10

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

i7A4t 2iDtf JOHN M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn,

Heatlon Be« JoumaJ whem mntla^

D wer's GoniD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otner makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrttlns.

Western Bee-Keeperss^ow^*ou ., „ ,

how to save money. Send for our new cata- Please mentlOU Bee JOUmal

log of the best Bee-ware made. wheU Writing adVertlSerS.

THE COIORADO HOSEY-PRODUCERS' ASS'S, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

May 23, 1907

427

-»^^^-=<(

American l^ee Journal

Hershlser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SIPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

[[S^ Send for liMt ot S^li^hlly l>ain-
a^^etl 4jSoo<Is Io Nelect from at Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswa.x. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARIND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

Long Distance Telephone, North ISS'i. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

iNot Inc.)

TAYLOR'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS TiiE BHJST

Lons ToriHues and Goldens are beet of honey-
catlierer.s: iH yrs. a specialty, breeding for best
noney-galherers. Untested. 7."ic, or,$.sa doz.; Tested,
$1. or $10 a duz.; Select Tested. $1.50. Breeders,
very best, from $.'i to $5. Carniolana same price. Try
them We also sell Nuclei and full colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Sate arrival Ruaranteed.

]3Al0t

d. W. TAYLOR & SON

BKEVir.LE, Bee Co., TEXAS.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now tor our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mention the Bee jonrnal.

BEE # POUIiTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOrr CO. 1005 E. wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carololan. Cxucastao. and .S-band
Italians — your choice. I'rlces: Cniested, $1 ;
Tested, $1.2."). Prices on large quantities or on
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEENREARINB CO.
JOHN W. PHAKR, Prop.. Berclalr. Tcxma.
12Atf Please menlion the Bee Jomrsal.

The Rietsche Press

Maide of airtlficial stone Practically Inde-
otrnctlble, and (flvlog ealirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
?uickly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizca, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN QETAZ,

4SAtf KNOSVILLE, TENN.

Mention Be« Joamal vrhen Tvrltlns.

P^- C^lrt l<JO Acre Farm and lOO
rUl OalC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8 room house— on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. FITT.S,

10A13t KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Journal nhen writing,

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
Bent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
|for a year at $1.00; or for |1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & CO..

- CHICAGO. ILU

Established 1889

'Mf goods are wanted quick

Send to

r — _^=_^==

I will exchange comb foundation, or any other Supplies, for your Beeswax and not keep you
waiting, either, to workup your beeswax into foundation, and will send the Supplies immediately.

Will pay 33 cents a pound for beeswax in exchange for any Supplies you may need.

I can save you time and freight charges on Supplies by reason of the geographical location
of Indianapolis.

Am always stocked up on the goods you want quick, and am careful to guard my reputation
of being the promptest man in the business by sustaining it on every order.

I sell Root's goods at Root's prices — Danzenbaker hives, Section Honey-Boxes, Metal-Spaced
Hoffman Frames, Bee-Smokers, Bee-Veils, Pouder Honey-Jars, etc.

Have you seen my new catalog ? A postal will bring it.

Walter 8. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind. Terbe Haittb, Ind.

Bear Hir : — The Pouder Honey- Jars were very satisfactory, only one broken jar in the whole lot of 900, which

I consider fine. I had as many as 18 broken in a lialf gross bought of . The bieakage knocked me

out of using more of their jars. Yours as ever, T. H. Kloer.

Walter S. Pouder

513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

J

428

May 23, 1907

American Hee Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

THE HATCH WAX PRESS

If jou have been so unfortunate as
to lose some of your bees the past win-
ter, or even this spring, save the wax
in the combs by the use of some good
wax-press. If you look about you will
probably find a lot of old combs in
your neighborhood which you can get
for a song. Wax is higher now than
for many years and you should hurry
it to market, for the present high pri-
ces will likely continue but a few
weeks, at most. Our new Hatch Press
has several valuable features, viz :

Durability.

Ease of operation.

Most thorough in its work.

Superior quality of product.

Low cost. Price is only S600.

any of our offices; and the colors from
Medina, New York, and Chicago. Send
for color cards, etc.

WANTED

If you know of any one who has bees
to sell this month, we can probably
find a purchaser for the same— any
number— 5 to 100 colonies— provided
we are given a brief, explicit descrip-
tion at once. Please state condition,
hives, race, price, etc.

BEESWAX

We are paying at this date 31 cents
cash or 33 cents in trade for pure, aver-
age beeswax, delivered at any of the
following offices : Medina, Ohio ; Chi-
cago, New York, Philadelphia, or
Washington. A large number of our
jobbing agents make the same prices.
See list of dealers in American Bee
Journal for May 2.

BEE-HIVE PAINT

We are distributing agents for the
B. P. S. Paint. This is one of the best
hive-paints to be found on the market.
We have handled it for 10 years or
more, and do not recall a complaint in
all that time. Equally good for your
house or any indoor or outdoor work.
We ship the O.W. (Outside White) from

SPECIAL

For the next 10 days from date of
this paper, to test the value of these
columns, we offer a copy of the book,
'■ How to Keep Bees," price, SI. 10. for
only 60 cents, postpaid. Furthermore,
we will promptly refund the money to
any dissatisfied purchaser, even after
you have read the entire book. You
must send your order for this to
Medina, and mention the American
Bee Journal of this date.

LESSONS IN BEEKEEPING BY MAIL

There is now, and has been for years,
a greater demand for experienced bee-
help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we
are obliged to disappoint many large
apiarists by telling them we do not
know where suitable help can be found.
The demand has already begun for the
present season. We have found that
many who take our course in bee-cul-
ture by correspondence prefer to go
into business for themselves, so we
still need active young men who have
a fair knowledge of the subject — men
whom we know something about — who
can be recommended for the places fre-
quently offered. We, therefore, offer
again a limited course in

Bek-Kkeping by Mail.

We shall designate this as Course
No. 2. The lessons are identical with
the lessons in Course No. 1. The time,
however, is limited to one year from
enrollment. The course may be easily
completed in 3 to 4 months. The fol-
lowing is the

Outline of Course No. 2.

(17 Lessons.)
r. Definitions of Terms.
II. Inmates of the Hive.

III. Comb.

IV. Handling Bees.
V. Transferring.

VI. Building Up Colonies.
VII. The Honey-flow.
VIII. Swarming.
IX. Rendering Normal.
X. Preparing for Winter.
XI. Wintering.
XII. Spring Management.

XIII. Bee-Diseases, Symptoms.

XIV. Enemies of Bees,

XV. Establishing an Apiary.
XVI. Queen-Rearing.
XVII. General Examination.

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CHICAGO. ILL, MAY 23, 1907

VoL XL VII— No, 21

%^..-^^

Mitbrial
mn4 Comments

The Banat Bee

The editor of the Far-Western Bee-Keeper
had a Bacat queea sent him by Prof. Frank
Bentoa. He reports BaDatians as gentle as
Caucasians, extremely prolific, but falling far
behind other bees as storers.

Composition of Pollen

An Illinois reader asks: "What is the
average composition of pollen?''

We don't remember ever to have seen an
analysis of pollen, and a search in some of
the books in which we thought it might be
found has not been successful. The likeli-
hood is that if an e.xact analysis were made
of pollen from different sources there would
be found no little diflerence. The word
" pollen," too, is used for two different
things — pollen as it is found in the flowers,
and also as it is found in the hive. The lat-
ter consists of the former mixed with some
honey, if we are not mistaken.

Ventilation of Bees

The generally accepted belief is that there
is a systematic ventilation of the hive by the
bees in hot weather, a regular detail acting in
concert for that purpose. In a somewhat
lengthy article in the British Bee Journal,
Col. H. J. O. Walker combats this idea, say-
ing in closing:

To sum up, I believe that although the air
in the hive must be gradually renewed, and
the bees sometimes assist towards the desired
result by fanning, there is much less inlet and
outlet than is generally supposed, and most of
what takes place is automatic Although I
am well aware that a bee can produce,
in proportion to its size, a strong back-
ward or forward air motion in its immediate
neighborhood, enough, perhaps, to extinguish

a candle, I do not think that the action of the
fanners always, if even generally, sets up an
exhaust current.

This view will not be readily accepted by
one who has held his hand at the entrance of
a hive on a hot day. Yet Col. Walker is a
man whose word has weight, and no doubt
careful observations will be made the coming
summer, that will give us more exact knowl-
edge on the subject.

Worms in Combs

Combs that have been out all winter, sub-
ject to freezing, will need no immediate at-
tention. Freezing has killed eggs and larvit,
and there is no further danger until moths
have laid eggs in them afresh. If bees have
died in the cellar, or outdoors any time after,
say February, it is pretty safe to say that
they are more or less infested with the pests.
If kept in a cool cellar slow progress will be
made by them, but outdoors, as soon as
weather warms up, the worms will make
rapid progress in riddling the combs.

"An Old Wives' Fable?"

Under the above heading appears under the
signature of D. M. Macdonald, in the British
Bee Journal, the following paragraph:

Certain statements once uttered become
stereotyped, and, from oft repetition, are very
liable to get established as so-called " facts"
Here, on page S61 nf the American Bee Jour-
dal,isone: "Not only some, but all honey
light or dark that is put into sections is car-
ried there from the brood-nest," and Mr.
Doolittle is quoted as affirming that " when
a fielder brings in a load of nectar she does
not go with it into the super, but deposits it
in some cell of thr iTood-chamber, whence it
is afterwards carric.i into the surplus apart-
ment" If true, lit us go on believing it,
but if evendoubtfu. let us revise our ideas.

First, I would say that such heavy labor of
gurgitaling, regurgitating, charging and dis-
charging into cells and carrying upstairs
would be an absurd proceeding for any in-
telligent creature, and certainly so for one
Sifted with the brain powers of Api.i mellijtni.
Second, I see no necessity for it. It would be
a case of " Love's labor lost." Third, I have
never seen any evidence of it. Fourth, and
lastly, and including all the others, it is iin-
piissiblr. C'est impossible! shuts the door at
once it true— which it is. With a heavy flow
on, every brood-cell is crammed full of eggs,
larva', young and old, sealed and unsealed,
just emerging bees, or a percentage of cells
being cleared dry for " Her Majesty's " use,
along with a small percentage with unsealed
honey and pollen ready for the nurse-bees to
manipulate. Where, then, are the spare cells
for just gathered nectar to be even tempo-
rarily stored* No. like "Tom Bowling," it
goes to the right place—" aloft !"

Of the four arguments used, it is hardly
necessary to discuss any, if the last of them
is true. And our Scotch friend asserts most
positively that it is true, that it is iinposxible
for bees upon returning from the field to de-
posit nectar in the brood-chamber. Well, if
it is impossible, of course there's no room for
argument; but there is probably no sin in
asking Mr. Macdonald a question.

Will he kindly tell us what it is that one
shakes out of brood-combs any day when bees
are storing, when the combs are shaken hard
enough to shake the bees ofEl However it
may be in Scotland, " in this locality " it is
the regular and orthodox thing for some kind
of liquid to be shaken thus out of the combs —
not merely a few drops, but spoonfuls and
spoonfuls of it, so that one may collect from
the different frames a gill or more of a liquid
which looks like nectar and tastes like nectar,
but which of course can not be nectar, as it is
impussibb- for the bees to deposit nectar in the
brood-combs !

We are all attention, awaiting Mr. Mac-
donald's reply.

Poultry or More Bees

A symposium in the Australasian Bee-
Keeper seems to show a division of opinion
as to whether it is better for a bee-keeper to
be a specialist and keep more bees, or to run
some other business in connection with bee-
keeping; and of those who take the latter
view the majority favor keeping poultry as a
companion occupation.

430

May 23, 1907

American ISae Journal

Carbon Bisulphide for Eggs and Larvs
of Wax-Moth

J. L. Byer, in the Canadian Bee Journal,
expresses increasing confidence in this rem-
edy, and has proved to his satisfaction that a
box or room does not necessarily have to be
nearly air-tight for the drug to do its work
effectively. He says :

Formerly our local druggists charged me 5
cents per ounce, but now I buy all I want

from them at '_'5 cents a pound, and I surmise
that at that figure tbey have a " reasonable "
profit. If you have many hives full of combs
to treat, carry them into a building and stack
them up 5 or 6 stories high, put the bisul-
phide on top of all and cover securely, and
you will be surprised and pleased to see how
little of the drug is required to treat a large
number of combs. Sulphur may be a trifle
cheaper, but it does not destroy the moth-
eggs, consequently it has to be used more
than once ; and it is, besides, a very disagree-
able article to handle.

flei)U5 - items^

The Weather at Dr. Miller's is de-
scribed as follows in a letter sent us May 16 :

Weather for bees beastly. For one good
day there are 2 to 4 bad ones. Dandelions
enough to keep bees busy, and fruit is in
bloom; but blossoms are no good without
weather. No matter how good the season,
it will hardly be possible for colonies to build
up in time to do good work on clover.

Marengo, 111. C. C. Miller.

Apiary of G. L. Sauer in Winter.—

this appears on the first gage this week.
When sending tha photograph on March 2,
1907, Mr. Sauer wrote as follows :

The picture of my apiary shows how I have
the hives packed for the winter on the sum-
mer stands. I have 53 colonies, 45 of which
are strong and in good shape; 8 were late
swarms, and weak, but I fed them some last
fall, and put a super with some honey in it
on each, so I think they will pull through.

In preparing my bees for winter, I put wire
screen on the bottom of the top box, then on
the inside I put a piece of gunny-sack, and
filled the top box half full of rye straw. Then
I gave the bees a few puffs of smoke, pulled
the cloth off, and set the top box on. After I
had them all fixed in this way I boarded them
up with ship-lap lumber, packing second-
growth hay all around the hives. The hives
face to the south, and the bees can get out
when the weather is fit. They had a number
of good flights this winter. I use the
"Eclipse" hive.

If any one else has bees packed as I have
described, and has any objections to it, I will
be pleased to read about them in the Bee
Journal. tl- L- Sader.

Disappointed Hopes seem to be the
bee-keeper's lot in Southern California this
spring. Prof. Cook, writing us from Clare-
mont, Los Angeles county, on May 10, had
this to say concerning the season and pros-
pects for honey in that part of the State:

Owing to the generous and timely rains of
the past winter, bee-keepers had good reason
to expect an exceptional honey-year in Cali-
fornia. And so we would have had except
for the cold, foggy weeks of April and May.
We had the same kind of a season a year ago.
This cold weather acts in double way to les
sen the honey crop. It tends to keep the
bees from the field, and so closes the nectar-
glands of the flowers that there is little or no
nectar to gather. There is, however, room
for hope even yet. The sages, both white

and liall, are vigorous, and wiin warm, genial
sunshine, which I think we must have soon,
wo may yet get a bountiful crop. I never
saw more, and more vigorous, bloom, even in
this land of sunshine and flowers.

A. J. Cook.

The New Canadiaa Postal Ruling

is thus looked upon by Mr. R B Ross, Jr.,
one of our subscribers at Montreal :

Editor American Bee Journal: — Your
issue of the American Bee Journal for May 9
has just come to hand, and before tearing off
the wrapper I noticed that the changed postal
laws had commenced operating on one of my
favorite papers. It is with pleasure that I
enclose herewith 50 cents to cover the exira
charge— and which I believe is uncalled for —
but that the American Bee Journal would be
just as much appreciated at SI. 50 as at $1.00.
While from your standpoint the new ar-
rangement may apjiear serious, I don't think
many Canadian readers will be so short-
sighted as to fail to renew on account of the
higher cost. Yours sincerely,

R. B. Ross, Jr.

We believe Mr. Ross is right, that very few
Canadians will stop reading United States
papers because of the increased postage rate.

Apicultural Progress.— Prof. Burton
N. Gates, of Clark University, Worcester,
Mass., sent us the following with the picture
of straw-skeps shown on the first page:

I have often questioned just where England
stands to-day in the apicultural world. Surely
there is many a master of the profession
there; yet there is a trace of the antique, of
" the way that father used to do," in most of
their beekeeping. It is hard to get out of
the ruts worn by generations.

The query was once more brought to my
mind, as, at one of the recent meetings of the
Worcester County Bee-Keepers' Association,
two hives, pictured in the accompanying illus-
tration, were exhibited side by side. The
larger of the two is one which was brought
from Vermont, having been used there over a
century ago, and long since abandoned for
the more serviceable wooden hive. The
smaller is one recently imported to this coun-
try from England, as" a type largely used in
that land to-day. Why the advantages of the
American and the Continental types of hive—
the improved methods of these lands— have
not infiuenced the English people and satis-
fied them that there is no longer need for
this skep is a problem. It is evidence of the
proverbial dogmatism.

It is fortunate that .\merica has been more
ready to accept the improvements of the
progressive. We have made long strides in
practical bee-keeping. But our results are
not 1 hose of systematic investigation. They
are rather summation or collective benefits
from a large number of individuals. They
are trials and errors. What we need (audit
is coming it the Department of Agriculture is
permitted to carry out the work outlined by
Dr. Phillips, referred to below) is a " long-
headed," systematic research in apiculture
characteristic of German science.

The old world has led in most scientific
lines by Germany, by German investigation
and invention. As .Vmerican scientists we
have always looked to Germany for much of
our inspiration and encouragement. The
American is ever in a hurry ; he is after im-
mediate results, and seeks them at hazards in
the quickest possible way. Doubtless for this
reason American investigation has been ham-
pered ; Germany has held the lead. The Ger-
man investigator — scientist — has the peculiar
persistence, '* slick-to-itiveness," earnestness,
and firmness of purposes, who, having con-
ceived a problem, solves it with such full de-
tail that it is seldom necessary to re-work or
prove his findings. Such work, of course,
has been done in America, particularly in re-
cent days; but it has not been characteristic
of American research. This is particularly
true of biological investigation. We have
but few American works in biology, which are
the results of a lifetime's observations.
Charles Darwin's admirable volume on the
Earthworm, published after 40 years of study,
or, as Darwin says, for that time " has been
to me a hobby-horse, and I have perhaps
treated it in foolish detail," it is a noble ex-
ample of the German spirit in American re-
search. Whether the labor was fruitless or
not may be judged from the fact that within
3 years of its publication 8500 copies of the
work were sold. Even to-day it is a master-
piece and model of dynamic biology.

But you question what bearing this has
upon apiculture? It is most pertinent, and
has a most direct bearing, to-day especially,
here in America where the industry is grow-
ing so fast, and where the possibilities are so
vast; refer to Dr. Phillips' paper read before
the National Bee-Keepers' convention in
November, 1906 (page 356). He has not over-
stated the case one grain ; but distinctly out-
lines work which must be immediately under-
taken.

If some one could do for bees what Darwin
has done for the earthworm, the returns
would be inconceivable, not alone, nor chiefly,
in the moneyed sense, but rather in view of
results upon the world as a whole. It may be
difficult to see what benefit it would be to
human health; but what do we know of the
hygiene and physiology of honey-eating! It
is difficult to conceive of the possibilities of
such investigation on the fruit-growing in-
dustry, on the production and uses of wax;
in fact, no one knows the possible benefit and
the ultimate outcome of such work on apicul-
ture itself, (lurview of apiculture to-day is
but a distant and fogged glimpse of a vast
ocean of possibilities. Burton N. Gates.

Southern California Prospects. —

The following letter by M. H. Mendleson to
G. F. Merriam, both of Southern California,
was sent to Mr. C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton,
III., who thought it of sulficient interest for
publication in the American Bee Journal in
connection with Mr. Merriain's letter and his
own reply :

Friend Mkrriam : — Yesterday was the
the first clear day, and bees seemed to be
busy. To-day is clear also. The scale hive
showed the first gain. I also have been feed-
ing considerably. Colonies were dormant
until fed. I have better hopes now, although
the bees are in a weak condition. But if we
have clear, warm weather from now on we
might have a partial crop. Worms com-

May 23, 1907
1 -^^gE^^

American ^ee Journal I

431

)^=^g^g^ I

menced in the sage, butKOOd, warm weather
will soon eradicate them.

Yours sincerely, M. H. Mendlbson.
Piru, Ualif., May 2.

C. P. Dadant, Esq —

My Ihar Sir:~\ think it very strange that
the editors of the bee-papers have not heurd
that we are likely to have almost if not quite
a total failure of our honey crop. We had
abundant rains up to April 1, and every one
looked for a record crop. Then the rains
cut off short, and we have not had any since.
All the time we had cold, cloudy weather and
no honey. Bees by the million go out, get
chilled and die, so that all colonies are weak,
and have very little brood. Then the paraly-
sis began April 4, and is killing ofl the bees,
I find 2 colonies this morning entirely gone —
the first instance I have seen. lam just re-
turned from sweeping dead bees with a broom
away from in front of the hives. I am feed-
ing all colonies. G. F. Merriam.

San Marcos, Calif., May 9.

Dear Mr. Meruiam: — Yours of the 9th to
hand. Misery loves company, so we hasten
to tell you we are having the worst spring for
bees that I have ever seen, and I have been in
the business for about 40 years. Rain, snow,
frost, and no bloom. Had a frost on the 11th.
The fruits are about all killed.

I see the May disease is still giving you
trouble. You will remember I wrote to you
about it a year or two ago. I take it that the
cold, wet weather causes it in some way, and
it strengthens my opinion that something in
the condition of the honey, either the old or
the new, causes the start of the malady. Some
have said it was spoiled pollen, but this
ought not to make the adult bees sick as
much as the brood, and it is the adult bees
which suffer. If you see anything in that
May disease that interests you I would like
to know about it.

Honey is going to be a good price if things
continue as they are. I hope the prospect
may change soon.

The same ccnditions also exist in Europe.
I received a letter from Switzerland, and they
say that the weather is bad and the bees very
much behind.

Our grapes have been touched by the frost,
while the buds were yet small. We thought
them all right till the few warm days came,
when we found the buds dried up. There
will be a few peaches yet.

Yours fraternally,

Hamilton, III., May 14. C. P. Dadant.

Surely the outlook is discouraging for bee-
keepers in both the far west and also in the
Mississippi Valley. The past has been per-
haps the coldest spring known in many years;
in fact, it has made a very long winter for the
bees, and unless we can have seasonable
weather very soon the honey crop will likely
be a very short one.

We think there is no doubt about honey
bringing a good price hereafter, and for sev-
eral reasons. The pure-food law will prove a
great help; and if the honey crop is short,
whatever is produced should bring a fair
price.

It is to be hoped that settled warm weather
will come very soon to help out the bee-keep-
ers as well as farmers generally. Fruit will
also be high, in all probability. So much
depends upon the weather.

Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

rir^iitiecr!

I

Working for Section Honey

BV G. M. DOOLITTLE

Having- the wings of queens clipped,
and all colonies looked after so they
will be in the best possible condition to
take advanta|?e of the honey harvest
when it arrives, our next thing to do
is to see that the supers of sections are
all ready to put on the hives at a mo-
ment's notice, when the right time for
doing this arrives. The time for put-
ting the supers in readiness is during
the winter months, but if it has been
neglected, it should be done now. Do
not put this off till the harvest arrives,
for if this is done we are often caught
by having the best part of the season
past while we are getting ready.
Always \i3.ve the " dish right side up
to catch thehoney." A few days' neg-
lect of this will often turn what might
be a splendid success into poor returns
or an entire failure.

Having the supers all ready we
should ever be on the alert to know
just wlien to put them on the hives.
They should not be put on until the
colony which is to receive them is
strong enough in numbers to fill the
hive with bees and brood, for if put on
sooner they only tend to retard the
process of building up, which is the
main thing we are aiming at in the
early part of the season.

Again, no matter how populous the
colonies, it is little use to put on the
sections when no honey is coming in
from the fields, for the bees will do no
work in them, while with some colo-
nies the bees will insist on tearing
down the thin foundation put in the
sections to help them start, where they
cluster in the sections before any
honey is coming in from the fields.
Keep watch of the bees each day from
the entrance, and when you see many
bees coming in which strike heavily
on the alighting-board ; or the bees
which are just outside of the entrance
fanning look as if transparent about
the locality of the honey-sac, then you
may begin to think the time has ar-
rived. If you wait until about 4 o'clock
in the afternoon, and then put your
head near the ground so that the sun
will strike the bee as it runs into the
hive, having the bee between your
gaze and the sun, only so the sun does
not shine in your eyes, you can tell on
any day as to the amount of nectar the
bees are bringing in The bee with no
load of nectar will look dark or
opaque, while the one with a sac full
of nectar will look translucent, espe-
ciallay thus with the yellow races of
bees. Then this will vary all the way
from opaqueness to the most trans-
lucent, just according to the size of the

load the bee carries in tuis way I can
tell almost to a half pound what a col-
ony on the scales is bringing in.

Do not be deceived by now and then
a bee dropping on the alighting-board
being fully translucent, while all the
rest are opaque. These occasionally
translucent bees are carrying water
into the hive ; but where nectar is com-
ing in to any amount, at least two-
thirds of the bees coming in at this
time of the day will show the light
through their abdomens to an extent
that you may know that they are get-
ting more than a living from the fields.
When you see this, open the hive occa-
sionally, and when the bees begin to
build little bits of comb here and there
about the hive, and the cells along the
tops of the frames are being length-
ened with new white wax, the time is
ripe for putting on the sections.

If the super is supplied with " bait "
sections — which means from 4 to 12
sections partly filled with comb left
over from the season previous — you
will find that such baits will be pretty
well filled with honey within a week,
and the comb foundation in the rest
well under way. It is then time to put
on another super. And where shall
this next super be placed ? Under or
over the one already on the hive ? Ten
years ago I should have answered, as
did nearly every one then, and the
majority of bee-keepers do so to-day —
put this next super under by raising
the first one up and putting the last
super between the one the bees are
working in and the hive. But after a
practise of 10 years' trying the matter
both ways, I now say put this empty
super, except starters in the sections,
over every time. In fact, for the past
4 years I have always put the empty
super over the one the bees are at work
in with the most gratifying results, as
I not only secure larger yields of sec-
tion honey in this way, but the sections
are universally better filled.

With the old way of tiering up, I have
come to the end of the season with
thousands of sections worked in, not
half of which were finished enough to
be salable ; but with putting the empty
super on top when tiering up, nineteen-
twentieths of the whole worked in by
the bees were salable, even in the poor-
est of seasons. In the old way of tier-
ing up, as soon as the first super was
from half to two-thirds full, it was to
be raised up and the empty one put un-
der it, and next to the hive. This was
said to cause the bees to work with re-
doubled energy to fill up this space be-
tween their brood-nest and the room
they were at work in above, thus secur-
ing much more honey than would
otherwise result. But after having the
flow of nectarslacken many times soon

432

May 23, 1907

American IBae Journal

after tiering- up in this way, and in a
few days cease altogether, this leaving
me with double the number of sections
worked in, with not one, or very few,
completed ; while when the empty
super was put on top at the same time,
I would have nearly every section in
the lower super completed, with a few
worked in sulBciently for baits the next
year, I concluded that the old way was
a delusion and a snare.

With the empty super on top the bees
will go into it as soon as more room is
really needed, and, as far as I can see,
work to fully as good advantage as
they will the other way, and that when
a good yield of nectar continues right
along for several weeks.

As soon as the first super put on is
finished take it oflf, when enough work
will be done in the second one put on to
hold the bees right at work therein, the
same now being set down on the hive
and an empty super set on top of it to
c itch any overflow of bees which may
come about. If this overflow amounts
to filling this now third super (on top of
the second!, set the fourth super of the
season on top of the last one put on,
thus making the hive 3 supers high,
which is generally enough to satisfy
any colony.

As any full super is taken from the
colony, lower the others down on the
hive, putting all empty ones supplied
at the top, and so on to the end of the
season ; and if you are anything like
myself, you will be abundantly satis-
fied with the results.

When I used the old way, if I aver-
aged 150 sections to the hive which the
bees had worked in, I would have from
SO to 75 unfinished or unsalable sec-
tions out of every 150 worked in ; but
with the new way my proportion of
unfinished sections has grown less
and less, so that in the fall of 1905 the
total of unfinished sections was only
about 8 out of every 100 completed ;
while in the fall of 1906 theie were
scarcely 4 unsalable sections out of
every 100 that were marketed, or hardly
enough for " baits " for this year.

Borodino, N. Y.

Making Cement Hive-Stands

BY DR. G. BOHRER

Having made a number of cement
hive-stands, it may be a matter of
some interest to such bee-keepers as
may think of making them, to know in
what proportion to mix Portland
cement and sand, and how to wet the
same for use.

Take 6 gallons of good sand and one
gallon of cement. Put them on a tight
board floor. (I put mine on a common
tongued-and-grooved door that is not
otherwise in use.) Mix them thor-
oughly, dry. Then sprinkle the mass
freely with water and stir well with a
rake, shovel, or hoe. Then sprinkle
again, repeating this process until the
whole batch is suflHciently wet to ad-
here when pressed into a body.

Then put it into a box 16 inches wide
and 20 inches long and 4 inches deep,
inside measurement. The side pieces
may be cut 26 inches long, sloping the
ends beyond the end of the hive-body
down to a point. Five inches back

from where the slope begins put in a
partition-board and one 6 inches from
the rear end. This leaves a 6 inch
space across the hive-stand not filled
with cement. Set the box up where
the hive is to sit, and level it. Do not
nail the box together, but drive stakes
on the outside to hold the boards in
position. Then put in the cement
mixed as directed, and with a piece of
2x4 or 4x4 scantling, say 3 feet long,
stamp the mass of cement down so as
to pack it into a solid body. When the
mold or box is level full, smooth the
top with a trowel or anything that will
leave the surface smooth. Then, with-
out waiting one moment, the stakes
may be taken up and the boards re-
moved, and the stand is completed.
This must be done when there is no
freezing, and in a few hours the cement
will have set. The stand should be
sprinkled 2 or 3 times per day for sev-
eral days, so as to have the mass
harden gradually, as it will be much
harder than if permitted to dry out
quickly.

The front end should be filled out
down to the bottom of the slope at the
ends of the sideboards with cement.
This will serve as a landing for the
bees in front of the hive. The dimen-
sions of this stand fit the 10-frame
Langstroth hive, and the amount of
material used is sufficient for one
stand, and not much more. There
should not be more mixed for use than
is required for one stand, as it is quite
sure to set if permitted to stand only
a few moments ; and after once set it
is never so good, as its cohesive power
is destroyed.

One gallon of cement (the amount I
use in making one stand) will cost
from 10 to 12 cents. I pay 80 cents per
sack, weighing 95 pounds. Not hav-
ing weighed one gallon of cement, nor
learned just how many gallons there
are in one 95-pound sack, I can not
state definitely the cost of a gallon,
but think I have not put the cost per
stand far from the correct price.

Lyons, Kans.

Tlie

Hershiser Hive-Stands,
Etc.

By F. L- DAY

It was with much interest that I
read in the April 15th number of
Gleanings Editor Root's account of
their test of the Hershiser hive-stand
in wintering a portion of their bees. I
have the more interest in this matter
because a neighbor of mine has used a
similar stand for some years, and has
often urged me to try it. His stand is
ventilated at one end only, but this has
a sliding screen, easily removed. When
prepared for winter each hive has a
large sheet of pasteboard, obtained
from cracker-boxes, put on the floor of
the stand to catch the dead bees or
other waste matter. Several times
during the winter these pasteboards
are removed from each stand and care-
fully cleaned. Then there is no accu-
mulation of dead bees to rot and mold.

I should consider the stand an im-
provement over the Hershiser, in hav-
ing ventilation on only one side, were

it not for the fact that my hives are
left wide open on the bottom, and my
bees winter finely. I have lost only 3
colonies in the cellar in 5 years. To
be sure, I do have one thickness of bur-
lap under the hive to help keep the bees
confined when putting them into the
cellar. But once in the cellar this bur-
lap is loosened so as to fall away from
the hive at the ends, so as to leave
them open

This neighbor's bees winter quite
well, especially so considering that he
never knows in the fall whether a col-
ony has a queen or not. He winters
only 10 colonies. Each season he in-
creases by natural swarming to about
30 colonies. Then in the fall he selects
the 10 that appear best on the outside,
and sulphurs the balance. One year
he secured 1000 pounds of surplus
honey.

My colonies, as wintered with the
hives open at the bottom, come out in
good shape ; the larger portion with
bees enough to cover from 6 to 10
frames of brood. Very few weaklings
that need to be helped. This spring,
of 43 full colonies put into the cellar 2
were dead, 2 weak, and the other 39 in
excellent condition. Each one of the
41, as well as the 4 nuclei, has a laying
queen and plenty of stores. Taking it
altogether, I am unable to see how it
would pay me to invest in a hive-stand
to shut my bees in during the winter
when they do well without it.

Taking Bbks from the Cellar.

It was with some degree of amuse-
ment that I read of G. M. Doolittle
having a wheelbarrow with springs,
and then putting on quilts to ease any
possible jars to his bees at the time of
taking out the cellar. Now I use just
the opposite course with, I believe,
even better success. I take a common
railroad barrow, and put a few gunny-
sacks in the bottom to fill up the hol-
low. Then I set a hive over these, the
same having no bottom-boards, the
hive having its 4 corners bearing on
the sloping sides of the barrow, and
wheel as fast as I can go over the
rough ground about 25 rods from the
cellar to the summer stands. When I
lift the hive from the barrow and set it
on its stand scarcely a bee comes out.
In 10 minutes they commence to fly
out slowly, and in 20 minutes they are
in full flight.

This spring I used no smoke or other
device, but put them all out as fast as
possible. When about half through
the wind turned to the north, the sky
clouded over, and the temperature fell
from 70 to 40 degrees. The last colo-
nies put out did not fly much, but
waited a day or two later, when the
weather was warmer. I must say,
though, that my bees have been quieter
than usual this spring, and the cellar
quite cool, which may have helped.

This spring I contracted the en-
trance of each hive as soon as on its
summer stand, but did not see that it
made any particular difi'erence about
the bees flying out. They came out
just the same as in other years when I
left the entrances wide open until near
night. I contract the entrance of
strong colonies to ijxl inch, and the
weak ones much less. I never have
any chilled brood, no matter how cold

May 23, 1907

433

American Me Journalj^y^^^^^fcj

the weather, and my best colonies
usually swarm about June 1st.

I^ast fall Dr. Miller told a questioner
that he would expect a colony fed on
thin sugar syrup as late as Sept. 1, to
die from dysentery before spring.
Now, Doctor, my bees are always fed
all the sugar syrup they need — half
sugar and half water, mind you — a//er
Sept. 20. Ivast fall I finished feeding
Oct. 1, and there is no trace of dysen-
tery in any of my hives this spring. Is
this a matter of locality ?

We are having a late, cold spring,

snow storms and freezing weather right
along. It is now May 1, and the ice is
still in the lakes. I took my bees out
of the cellar on April 18. We had sev-
eral warm days so that I could examine
all colonies, but since then it has been
very cold. Bees are shut in their hives
as in winter. I do not expect that they
will get any pollen for 10 days yet.
Most years they bring both pollen and
honey from the willows before this
time. But a beekeeper must live in
hopes.

Detroit, Minn., May 1.

Conducted by Lonis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Melilotus— Annual and Biennial

E. E. Hasty asks, "Am I right that
the genus Melilotus (like Trifolium)
has both biennial and annual mem-
bers ?"

Yes ; we have them here in Texas !
There are only a few of them, how-
ever, but enough to answer our ques-
tion. Meliioius Indica, All., is an an-
nual, quite abundant hereabouts, and
with yellow blossoms resembling very
much the cultivated yellow sweet clo-
ver, M. officinalis, which latter, how-
ever, differs from the first named, in
that it grows somewhat larger and
longer (both ways) ; that is, it is a
biennial.

We also have !\f. alba ; escaped and
sparsely planted here and there, mostly
by bee-keepers, on waste land and
along fences. The climate, which, with
its long, d>y summers, seems not to
suit the melilotus very well, is one
cause why it is not more abundant.

There is considerable of white sweet
clover in North Texas. Bees are in
some seasons busy only on M. Indica,
but always visit the other two — white
and yellow.

The Texas Foul-Brood Law

Since the many discussions on foul-
brood legislation and foul-brood laws,
of which quite a number have been
in print of other States, I have been
requested to give our State law in the
American Bee Journal. One reason
for the request is that many bee-keep-
ers are not acquainted with our foul-
brood law, never having obtained a
copy of it ; and, secondly, to answer
several questions in regard to "the
workings " of our law.

There seems to be a question exist-
ing in the minds of quite a few who
know of it, or suspect foul brood in
some apiary, whether such knowledge
must be reported to the State Ento-

mologist. There are some apiarists
who have had foul brood in their api-
aries, but who kept it a secret with the
intention of eradicating it themselves,
only to have to report some time later,
and often a great "mess" had been
made of the whole apiary. In my in-
spection work several such cases came
under my notice. The pride of the
owner or possessor of the bees seems
to be the cause of such procedure. It
should not be done !

The first step should be to inform
the State Entomologist if there be any
trouble or any suspicion. Such re-
ports are strictly private matters, and
kept on file as such in his office. If the
apiarist is not certain whether it is
foul brood or not, a sample of the dis-
eased brood should be sent to the State
Entomologist, but directions for send-
ing such sample should always first be
obtained from the State Entomologist,
who will give these in all cases, and
send proper mailing packages.

Never try to treat infected colonies
unless you have had experience in such
work, and then report the case to the
Entomologist at College Station, Tex.,
before doing so. If without this ex-
perience, let "the inspector "do the
work for you. He will know how, and
will save you much trouble, worry, atid
bees.

The common notion that an inspector
should be feared instead of trusted,
should be out of existence by this time,
for the inspector is there to look after
your interests, hence should be given
all assistance necessary.

The following rules and regulations
have been formulated by the State En-
tomologist for operating the Texas
foul-brood law, and should be observed:

1. If any owner of, or any person having
control of, honey-bees in the State of Texas
knows or suspects that any bees so owned or
controlled are affected by foul brood or any
other contagious hee-disease, he shall report
said fact to the State Entomologist in writ-
ing, staling the uuGQberof apiaries involved,
the number of colonies in each apiary, and

the number of colonies that are known or
suspected to lie Infested with foul brood or
other contagious bee-diseases.

2. Any owner or person bavlDg control of
bees reporting Infection, shall state the
number of movable-frame hives in each api-
ary, also the number of box-hives, or such
hives as will not admit of ready examination.

:i. If any bees are kept In box-hives, or
such other hives as will not admit of ready
examination, the owner or person In charge
will be notified by the State Entomologist to
transfer all bees in the apiary to movable-
frame hives, or such as will admit of as ready
examination as any good modern frame hive,
before a speeitled time. If for any good rea-
son such a time Is detrimental to the apiaries
Involved, the reason should be transmitted in
writing to the State Entomologist, where-
upon a date more agreeable to the owner or
person in charge may be arranged for. In
default of such transfer as above provided
for, the case will be treated according to Sec-
tions 1 and 2 of the Texas Foul Brood Law.

4. When, upon inspection, an apiary is
found to be infested, instructions for treat-
ment will be prescribed by the State Ento-
mologist. If the owner or person in charge
fails to carry out such instructions, the Slate
Entomologist, or his assistant, will give the
necessary treatment at the expense of the
owner, as provided for in Section 3 of the
Texas Foul lirood Law. Every person who
intends to barter, give way or receive bees,
honey or appliahces, should make certain
that no infection is carried in such transac-
tions or shipments. Where any doubt exists
application should be made to the State En-
tomologist for inspecting the apiaries in-
volved. Persons violating the provisions of
this rule are deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in
any sum not exceeding .*300, as provided for
in Section 4 of the Texas Foul Brood Law.

The following is the text of the

Texas Foul Brood Law.

An Act to provide for the protection of
honey-bees against foul brood and other con-
tagious diseases, and providing that all bee-
keepers report to the State Entomologist
when infectious diseases exist; providing for
collecting the expense of eradicating the dis-
ease, and fixing the charges upon the owner
of the bees; providing tor the extermination
of all contagious diseases, and providing pen-
alties for the violation of this Act.

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of
Texas :

Section 1.— If any owner of, or any person
having control or possession of any honey-
bees in this State, knows that any bees so
owned or controlled are affected with foul
brood, or any other contagious disease, it
shall be and hereby is made his duty to at
once report said fact to the State Entomolo-
gist, setting out in his report all the facts
known with reference to said infection. The
State Entomologist shall have full power in
his discretion to order any owner or posses-
sor of bees not dwelling in hives with mov-
able frames, or not permitting of ready ex-
amination, to transfer such bees to a movable-
frame hive within a specified time. In default
of such transfer, the State Entomologist may
destroy, or order destroyed, such hives, to-
gether with the honey, combs, frames and
bees contained therein without recompense to
the owner, lessee or agent thereof.

Sec. 2.— The State Entomologist shall pre-
scribe such rules and regulations as may in
his judgment seem necessary tor the eradica-
tion of all contagious diseases of bees, and if
at any time the Entomologist finds, or has
reason to believe, that the owner or keeper of
any bees, or the owner of any apiary has re-
fused, or is refusing to comply with all
or part of any such regulations, then and
in that event the State Entomologist is
hereby authorized to inspect said bees, and if
necessary burn diseased colonies, appliances
and honey, and do any and all things neces-
sary in the premises to eradicate foul brood or
any other infeotiousdiseaseof bees.

Sec. 3. — When any owner or possessor of

American ^ee Journal

May 23, 1907

bees shall fail to carry out the lastructions of
the State Entomologist, as set forth in Sec-
tions 1 and 2 of this Act, the State Entomolo-
gist shall carry out such instruction or treat-
ment, and shall present to the owner of said
bees a bill for the actual cost of such de-
struction or treatment. In the failure of the
owner or possessor of such bees to pay said
bill within thirty days after the delivery of
same to himself, tenant or agent, or within
thirty days after mailing same to his usual
postofhce address, the State Entomologist
shall certify to the County Attorney of the
county wherein such bees are located, the
amount and items of said bill, and the County
Attorney shall file suit for the recovery of
said account. All moneys recovered by the
County Attorney for such destruction or
treatment shall be paid into the hands of the
County Treasurer, to become a part of the
fund for the carrying out of the provisions of
this Act.

Sec. 4. — If any owner or keeper of any dis-
eased colonies of bees shall barter or give
away any infected bees, honey or appliances,
or shall expose any other bees to the danger
of infection of the disease, or shall refuse or
neglect to make report as provided in Section
1 of this Act, he shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof,
shall be fined in any sum not exceeding two
hundred dollars.

Sec. 5. — The fact that the season when
young colonies of bees will leave the mother
colonies is near at hand, that there is no ex-
isting law properly governing colonies affected
with foul brood, create an emergency and an
imperative public necessity, requiring the sus-
pension of the constitutional rule which re-
quires bills to be read on three several days,
and the same is so suspended, and this Act
shall lake effect and be in force from and
after its passage; and it is so enacted.

9\

ISc^Qdom

^<ij

^>o

Conducted by J. L. Bteb, Mount Joy, Ont.

Coldest April on Record

The first pollen was gathered here
on April 28. By all odds one of the
coldest Aprils on record has just dravfn
to a close. Bees, as a consequence, are
very backward, but as all honey and
pollen bearing flora are also late to a
certain degree, conditions may be
somewhat equalized. A heavy rain
followed by somewhat milder weather
has improved the clover somewhat, but
quite a large percentage of the alsike,
and most of the red clover, has been
damaged so much by " heaving " that
the farmers have to plow it under.

Tarred-Paper for Hive-Protec-
tion in Spring

till fruit-bloom, I have been able to try
the paper only on a limited scale ; but
the results from said trials were not a
" howling success " with me, and, per-
sonally, unless hives were very open
at the joints, I would not be bothered
with the paper at all. Hives that are
fairly well made, entrance contracted,
and a tray over the iop of the hive
filled with some dry material that fits
snugly on the frames are, in my esti-
mation, of far more value than paper.
One objection I found in regard to
the paper, was that hives so wrapped
would warm up too much during early
spring days when the sun was shin-
ing ; but with cold wind blowing, as a
result the bees would be coming out of
these hives when other colonies were
quiet.

As mentioned on page 369, Mr.
Hutchinson and others are quite en-
thusiastic over the use of tarred-paper
for spring protection of the bees.
Naturally when a man like N. E.
France makes such sweeping asser-
tions as claiming that bees so pro-
tected will have double the brood of
unprotected colonies, many amateurs,
as well as "old-timers," will be giving
the plan a trial this spring. I venture
to predict that the large majority of
these experimenters will come to the
conclusion that more is claimed for the
plan than it is entitled to.

With all due respect for Mr. France
and other advocates of tarred-paper, I
feel pretty sure that, other conditions
being equal, in order to get double the
brood in one hive of what there is in
another, some more factors than simply
tarred-paper will have to be taken into
consideration. As the most of my
hives are packed on the summer stands

Colonies "Swarming- Out'
Early Spring

in

The bees came out of 3 hives to day, acting
as if they wanted to swarm. xVfter flying a
little they returned to their hives. What is
the cause of such a performance at this sea-
son of the year, in Canada?

Elgin, Ont. H. S. Davison.

Unfortunately quite a number of
bee-keepers have had some of this
" swarming " during the present back-
ward season. When hees swar»i out of
the hives in the early spring, there is
something not right, yet the reason is
not always easy to find out. One of
the commonest causes is starvation,
and when stores are all consumed and
a warm day comes, if the bees have
not perished they are very apt to leave
the hives — indeed, they will do this
during the summer time, too. Some-
times weak colonies affected with dys-
entery will act the same way, and occa-

sionally a colony, seemingly in normal
condition, will leave the hive.

Since I have been keeping bees only
twice have I had these unseasonable
"swarms." Six years ago, during a
very warm day near the last of April,
a strong colony left the hive and set-
tled on the limb of a small cedar-tree
in the yard. On examination the hive
was found to be sweet and clean, with
abundance of honey and pollen, and
brood in all stages. What induced
them to leave I know not, but the bees,
on being returned, remained there and
gave a good account of themselves that
season.

My second case occurred only a few
days ago, but this time there was a
reason, as the colony was very weak,
having suffered with dysentery, and
spring dwindled badly. They settled
on the corner of a hive in a small clus-
ter ; the queen, being clipped, was lost
in the grass, and the bees scattered
and went into other hives.

Reports of "swarming out " in the
early spring are always more plentiful
after a severe winter, and, as a rule,
there is feiore of it with bees wintered
in the cellar than among those win-
tered outdoors. I remember, some
years ago, of a bee-keeper who lives
so.me distance from here, who had a
lot of this trouble the day he put his
bees out of the cellar. Some 90 colo-
nies were put on the stands, and inside
of an hour over 20 had swarmed out.
To say there was a " mix-up " would
be putting it mildly. A number of
queens were killed, and over a dozen
colonies were lost. As the bees seemed
to be in fair condition, just why they
acted so is hard to say, and, fortu-
nately, an occurrence of this kind is
not very frequent.

Bees Enticed Out in Cold Spring
Weather

speaking of bees being enticed out
of the hives by the sun on cool, windy
days, reminds me of what Mr. J. F.
Davison was telling me a few days
ago. Mr. Davison is one of our promi-
nent comb-honey men, and has an api-
ary of 175 colonies, of which 80 were
wintered in the cellar and the balance
outdoors. While walking through his
yard last week, he called ray attention
to the fact that when he put out his
cellar-wintered bees, half of them were
put with entrances facing south, and
the other Half facing north. Without
exception the colonies facing north are
at this date much stronger than those
facing south. Mr. Davison has ex-
perimented along this line before, and
results have always favored the ones
facing north.

The day I visited him the sun was
shining brightly, but the wind was
blowing cold from the north — in fact,
it was a typical " dwindler," and it was
quite noticeable that while the bees in
iiives facing south were flying quite
freely, in the hives facing north
scarcely a bee was moving.

Mr. Davison is so thoroughly con-
vinced that, for early spring, hives are
better faced north, that, in the future,
if I mistake not, he will place all that
way when taken from the cellar. It is

May 23, 1907

435

American Hee Journal

only fair to say that his yard is very
much protected by buildings, etc., and.

with a contracted entrance, very little
wind blows directly into the hive.

^^"

Conventi43n
Proceedif ds

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, held in San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

IContlnned from page 4.7.)

The Secretary read the report as fol-
lows:

Report on Kksolutions.

IVIicreas, The National Bee-Keepers'
Association, in convention assembled,
has been royally received by the bee-
keepers of Texas and the citizens of
San Antonio, and have been shown great
favors; therefore, be it

Resolved, That the National Bee-
Keepers' Association extend its thanks
to the Texas Bee-Keepers' Assocation,
and the members of the Arrangement
Committee, Messrs. W. O. Victor, Udo
Toepperwein, Louis H. Scholl, F. L.
Aten, and W. H. Laws, for the kind
reception given to the members of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association ; for
the many favors shown them ; for the
splendid arrangements made; and for
the Mexican Banquet which they spread
so lavishly for us, the participation in
which will long be remembered as a
token of the generous hospitality of the
bee-keepers of Texas, which we recog-
nize as the hospitable and kind-hearted
spirit which the Texans have always
shown to the people coming from all
parts of the world, and for which the
people of this great State of Texas are
known.

Resolved, That we thank Mr. Bryan
Callahan, the Mayor of San Antonio,
for kindly giving us the privilege of the
City Hall, at the front of which he joined
the Association in a picture, giving us a
lasting remembrance of San Antonio
and its whole-hearted Mayor.

Resolved, That we extend our thanks
to the press of San Antonio, and es-
pecially to the Daily Express for send-
ing reporters to our meeting and giv-
ing the space of its paper so generously
to the interest of our Association.

Resolved, That we thank the City of
San Antonio for its hospitality and the
free use of the Market Hall granted to
us ; that we thank the Business Men's
Club of San Antonio and the Traction
Company for kindly offering us a trol-
ley-car ride through the City of San
Antonio and its surroundings, showing
our members the sights of this ancient
and historic city.

Resolved, That we thank the San
Antonio International Fair Association
for setting aside last Thursday as Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Day, thus honoring

the vocation of bee-keeping and bring-
ing our convention prominently before
the people of this State; That we thank
Messrs. Goggan Bros., for kindly lend-
ing, for the use at our hall, a fine piano
and organ; That we thank Mr. J. W.
A. Hansens for his beautiful piano en-
tertainments at the intervals between
our sessions; That we thank Judge
T. M. Paschal for his speech, and for
the kindness towards bee-keepers shown
by helping to invite us to this beautiful
city.

Resolved, That we especially thank
our worthy President, Mr. C. P. Da-
dant, for his able and just presiding
over the meetings of our Association .
That we renew our thanks to the
General Manager of the Association,
Mr. N. E. France, for the efficient work
he has done in conducting the business
of the Association, and for the great
efforts he has made to further the in-
terests of the members of our Asso-
ciation.

We also thank the Grand Central Ho-
tel for our entertainment.

r. a. holekamp,
Jas. a. Stone,
C. C. Parsons,
Committee on Resolutions.

Dr. Bohrer — I move that the Resolu-
tions be adopted as read.

Mr. York — I second the motion. I
might say that as the President is very
modest, and his name is mentioned in
the resolutions, I will put the motion. It
is carried unanimously.

Making Certain Members Ineligible
TO Office.

Pres. Dadant — I have but little more
business to perform. The National Bee-
keepers' Association was organized a
great many years ago by bee-keepers
who were queen-breeders, dealers in
bee-keepers' supplies, and editors — the
men who were mostly interested in the
progress of this Association. The As-
sociation has grown from 40 to 50 to
several thousand ; the conditions are dif-
ferent, the feelings are different. We
find to-day that some members in the
East are dissatisfied with the conditions
as they are; they think that men inter-
ested in the sale of bee-supplies or the
publication of journals should not be
entrusted with the management of the
Association. I feel that it is well to give
all a chance to express themselves on
the subject. We are only about 125
here, and we can not dictate, but we
can, according to the Constitution, ask
the membership to express themselves

and amend the Constitution if they
see fit. I have gone to the Committees
on Resolutions and on Amendments, and
wcpreparcd some joint resolutions. We
will propo^;e them to you only to present
these matters for vote. If they are ap-
proved by the whole membership they
will exclude bee-supply dealers, queen-
breeders and editors. I want to make
you all feel entirely at liberty to vote
on the subject, and I think it best to
announce that I have decided to de-
cline any further oflfer as President of
the Association, so that you can feel
that you are not voting against your
President when you act upon the mat-
ter. I wish to say that Mr. H. H. Root,
who is here, and his brother, E. R.
Root, arc entirely in accord with my
views. We will give the membership
a chance to amend the Constitution if
they so desire.

A copy of the Resolutions prepared
by the Committee on Amendments were
read by Mr. J. Q. Smith, as follows :

Rei'Okt on Amendment.*.

Resolved, That the General Manager
be instructed to place before the mem-
bers of the National Association, the
following propositions to be voted upon
according to Section V., and Article 9,
of the Constitution of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, concerning amend-
ments, each proposition to be voted upon
separately :

1st. Shall manufacturers, dealers, di-
rectly or indirectly interested in the
sale of bee-supplies, and patentees of
apiarian implements, be considered eli-
gible to office?

2d. Shall queen-breeders, or import-
ers of queens for sale, be considered
eligible to office?

3d. ' Shall apiarian editors, associate
or department editors, authors or pub-
lishers of works on bees, be considered
eligible to office?

J. Q. Smith,
W. O. Victor,

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP,

C. C. Parsons,
Jas. a. Stone,
Submitted by request. Committee.

Pres. Dadant — You have heard the re-
port of the Committee, what will you
do with it?

Dr. Bohrer — I object to the resolu-
tions in their present form. I want an-
other resolution offered, then vote
against the whole thing. It is, that all
men selling bees shall not hold office,
and any man that deals in bees and
honey shall not vote. It is not justice
to ourselves and our officers and I am
opposed to the whole thing.

Pres. Dadant — I fear that Dr. Bohrer
does not understand. We are not ask-
ing you to vote, we are asking you to
permit the matter to go before the mem-
bers of the Association. We do not
anticipate that each one of these sec-
tions will be adopted, but I think two
of them, at least, will be adopted ; but
I want to give each of the members a
chance to vote. We want harmony,
and this is the only way to get har-
mony. We have things our way, and
the East is not satisfied ; give them a
chance, which they could not have with-
out an opportunity to vote on these

436

American Hee Journal

May 23, 1907

resolutions. It takes a notice of 45
days, in order to act upon this next
year; and then leave it to their fairness
as to what shall be done.

Mr. Holekamp — If I ever have been
sorry since I am a member I am sorry
now. It seems there is a great 'dissat-
isfaction in the East about nothing. If
we exclude these men we will be left.
Now, I am in the Association and get
letters from our members in Missouri.
All of our members either have a few
dollars worth of supplies or honey to
sell, or they are queen-breeders, and
if these resolutions would be passed I
would recommend our Association to
withdraw from the National, because if
we lose all of those men, who are acting
under the head of dealers, they will pay
little attention to our Association, and
those who do the work will be left out.
If these resolutions should pass I would
withdraw.

Pres. Dadant— I will call on Dr. Phil-
lips to state to us what he thinks about
the matter.

Dr. Phillips — What I have to say is
not to be considerpd my attitude in the
matter. I have attended meetings in
several of the Eastern States. Perhaps
those who are present do not know that
in several parts of the East resolutions
have been passed to withdraw from the
National Bee-Keepers' Association, on
the ground that the body is controlled
by the bee-supply dealers, editors, etc.
This dissatisfaction is manifested by
the withdrawal of several State asso-
ciations in a body from the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, so there is no
doubt of it. Now, in order that this
division may have an opportunity to
express themselves, they should be al-
lowed to vote upon these propositions.
Especially, to be explicit in this thing,
the New York Association withdrew in
December, last year, from the National
Bee-Keepers' Association ; several states
have followed New York. Some of the
individual men, who belong to the Na-
tional, still retain themselves in the As-
sociation, and several of the members
have withdrawn. These men have been
members of the National, and many of
them will become members as soon as
this thing is to be voted upon and they
have a chance to vote. Therefore, I
am in favor of passing these resolu-
tions in order to give them an oppor-
tunity. I think that these men should
be allowed to have their say. The claim
is made that these various interests that
are specified control the National Bee-
Keepers' Association for their own in-
terests. These resolutions, if carried,
will exclude from office the persons
mentioned. At any rate, if these reso-
lutions are approved, and it is put to a
vote by the General Manager, we will
have an opportunity to know what the
people think about it. Pennsylvania
passed a resolution to withdraw, but
can not do so consistently. Pennsyl-
vania is growing at a very rapid rate in
bee-keeping affairs. If these resolu-
tions are passed, I feel sure that this
Association will not withdraw. New
Jersey has withdrawn. Massachusetts
is represented by a few members, but
they have two societies that will join
as soon as it is passed.

Pres. Dadant — According to the rules,
it will be necessary for them to be
passed upon and approved. It seems
to me that if these people are as weak
as they are represented to be, they
should give in; if they are strong, we
should give in. We are in a country
where the minority give in to the ma-
jority, and that is what makes us great.

Dr. Bohrer — That being the case, I
shall not object to their going before
the National Association. I want to
be at the next National meeting, and
help kill the resolutions so dead that
they will never be brought to the front
any more.

Mr. Stone — I don't see where the fight
is ; I don't see anything they have to
fight. Who are the directors, are they
all dealers or editors?

Dr. Bohrer — They would be practi-
cally disfranchised.

Mr. Stone — I know of several, and 1
don't know of any that are supply deal-
ers or editors; but I don't see any-
thing for us to fight, and as far as that
is concerned, I would feel about it like
voting out all the agricultural papers
and all the implement dealers; if 1
voted them out I would quit farming.
If the bee-supply dealers, editors, etc.,
were voted out I would quit bee-keep-
ing.

Mr. Rankin — I have been through the
West a good deal, in California especial-
ly, and this dissatisfaction exists there
to a certain extent. There are some
who think an injustice has been done,
and by giving them this opportunity this
will square them. If you give in and
do this, the next year they will deny
that they ever said it. It seems to me
that it is a safe proposition, that the
National can not help but win out on.
I don't want this Association to divide
the States, I want to help the National,
because it can not win any other way.
For instance, the Fruit Association is
composed of fruit-growers; a dealer
would not have a voice in these mat-
ters. I call attention to the fact that
the members in these dissatisfied States
do not represent the bee-keepers of
those States, nor do they represent the
bee-keepers' associations.

Mr. York — I notice in the list of offi-
cers of this Association that there are
some supply-dealers. It is too bad they
are in, but how did they get in? Mr.
Dadant did not do any political work
to get in — he was simply elected by
the membership of the Association,
There are only a few that are dealers
or editors. I have been in office my-
self, but I never did anything to get
in, and I certainly did not vote for my-
self. Of course, it is too bad I am
the Acting Secretary now. Really I
don't see any sense in the opposition.

Mr. Kimmey — Will the next annual
meeting have a chance to pass upon it?

Pres^ Dadant — The Constitution calls
for a 45 days' notice. Therefore, if
we do not pass this, that would be put-
ting off a chance for these people to
get a hearing, while if we put it before
them to-day, they can still have an-
other chance to vote upon it at the
election. We are giving you a chance
to vote upon the amendment to our

Constitution. One thing I think the
members are forgetting, that we are
not supposed to e.xclude anybody from
membership. I expect to remain a
member, but I expect to keep out of
office. I would be much disappointed
if you did not favor these resolutions
to-day; it would look as if we were
afraid to let them go before the As-
sociation.

Mr. Kimmey — I think that I am
alone, and I don't want this amend-
ment to the Constitution, but you want
somebody to vote upon it. Now, if I
understand, it gives us a chance now to
approve to-day what we are to vote
upon at the next annual election. I am
opposed to the amendment ; I don't
propose to vote and approve it. I don't
propose to say that I attended this
meeting and approved of it. You are
asking me to approve of them at this
meeting. I don't believe in that kind
of organization. Of course I am right.
We are saying that a majority approved
of it ; you can not change this, the rule
on Amendments in the Constitution
here.

Mr. Stone — I can understand it only
as Mr. Kimmey says. The Corwtitu-
tion says that it has to be approved at a
previous meeting.

Dr. Phillips — As I understand, the
whole thing is this: This Convention
is not approving these things at all. The
resolution says the next meeting will
have an opportunity to approve this if
they wish to do so. You are simply
specifying business that is to come up at
the next meeting. I am not approving
of it. I want the membership to have
an opportunity of a say. This will be
held some time next year ; if they ap-
prove of it, a notice will be given, and
45 days after the next Convention will
be time to take this up.

Mr. Kimmey — Suppose that the next
meeting occurs like this one — in No-
vember— the month of the election in
1907?

Mr. Holekamp — Very few of those
here to-day will be present at this con-
vention, if it is held in the East next
year ; and part of the bee-keepers will
think that we approve of these amend-
ments. Very few will understand it.

Mr. York — This, of course, is not in
proper form for an amendment. To
amend the Constitution we should form
a new article. It has got to be put in
proper form, and then the question is.
Do we approve of this amendment?

Dr. Phillips — I think the President is
right.

Mr. York — We are supposed to ap-
prove them at this previous meeting,
else they can't go to the membership
for voting.

Mr. Kimmey — We have no right to
approve them.

Pres. Dadant — We have the right to
instruct the General Manager to send it
out to the whole membership.

Mr. Holekamp — I move that this
whole thing be put on the table.

Dr. Bohrer — I second the motion.

Pres. Dadant — All in favor of this mo-
tion, say "Aye." The motion is carried.
(Continued uexi week.)

May 23, 1907

437

Amc^rican T^ee Journal

ucsfion-Box

Send Questions either to the oflice of the American Beo Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, IMarengo, IK.
■ Dr. Miller does 7wt answer Questions by mail.

Section Supers with Empty Comb

My bees did not store any honey In the su-
pers last year, but put some comb in the sec-
tions. Will it be all right to put the supers
on (as I took them oil last fall), or do I have
to clean the comb out and put in foundation
or starters again' Iowa.

Answer. — If there's nothing but comb in
the sections, and that comb is nice and clean,
by all means give them back just as they are.
If the bees have plastered bee-glue all over
the comb, as they sometimes do when sec-
tions are left on late in the fall, such comb
must not be used. The bees are very loth to
accept it.

Strength of Colonies-Bee-Glue

I started with 2 colonies of bees 4 years
ago, and I now have 25 colonies, all in good
shape, I think.

1. My bees cover from 5 to 7 combs in an 8-
frame hive. Do you call that strong, fair, or
weak? I use Hoffman frames.

3. Can I feed sugar syrup so that the bees
will put honey from fruit-bloom into
sections i

3. Is there any wax in bee-glue? Iowa.

Answers.— 1. For April 22, especially this
year, you may call them strong.

2. Not at all likely, and hardly advisable to
try it.

3. No and yes. In pure propolis of course
there is no wax ; but in propolis scraped from
sections or frames — indeed as bees use it in
general — there is more or less wax, as you
will find out if you melt it.

Would It Prevent Swarming ?

Why not at the time of opening the hive
and removing the old queen, save one of the
best cells that will hatch in a few days — say
5? Would not this queen, upon arriving
home from her mating trip, destroy all queen-
cells in the colony' Would it prevent
swarming! Michigan.

Answer. — This question appeared on page
ars, and by what means it happened that it
wasn't answered I do not know. I am not sure
that I understand just what is meant, unless
it be that when queen cells are found in a
hive the old queen is removed to prevent
swarming, all queen-cells being removed at
the same time except one, and from that one
a virgin is expected in about 5 days. The
bees would be sure to start other queen-cells,
and the question is whether the young queen
would not destroy them on returning from
her mating-trip, and whether it would pre-
vent swarming. I must frankly say I don't
know, and I wish some one who has actually
tried it would tell us. If the cells were old
enough it would be practically certain that
the oldest virgin would issue with a swarm.
But if no cell is left but one, and that one is
old enough to send out a virgin in 5 days,
then no subsequently started cells will allow

other virgins to emerge until a week later —
posBibly i; days later. The question is: Would
the young queen swarm without waiting for
any uf ihe later queens to mature? Would
she swarm as soon as one or more of them
had matured f Or, would she remain with-
out swarming, the later cells being destroyed?
Who will tell us!

Wood Strips or Splints for Fastening
Brood-Foundation

I have been interested in wood-strips as
foundation-supports, and would like to have
you tell me just the size of wood you would
use for this purpose. I should think that
strips 'n-inch wide and quite a little less than
1-10 inch thick would do better than thicker
ones. I suppose you have tried different
sizes. What would you advise!

Michigan.

Answer.— You are quite right that the size
of splints you mention will be better than
larger. And it is equally true that something
still smaller is better. The size I use alto-
gether is 1-16x1-16. I am not sure that I ever
tried any different size, and as this size gives
entire satisfaction, I hardly think it worth
while to try other sizes. This size holds the
foundation perfectly straight, so there is no
object in trying a larger size ; and as a splint
of this size appears not the least bit in the
way, there is no object in having a smaller
size. I never knew a single cell that was not
occupied by the queen on account of the
splint being in the way, and generally you
can not tell by the surface of the comb where
a splint is.

What Caused the Commotion ?

On April 9 I hived a swarm in a 10-frame
hive and contracted the entrance to about
half its usual size. On the 27ih, in the morn-
ing, I noticed quite a commotion at this hive.
The air in front was full of bees, around the
entrance it was black with them, and some
boards I have laid in front to keep the grass
down also had a lot of bees on them. I
thought they were swarming. Some time
later thej' quieted down (they did not swarm)
and I noticed the bees on the boards in front
were dead. There must have been 300 of
them. There were also a good many drones
among them. The day before I had put a
super on this hive. When I found there had
been trouble I closed the entrance more.
What was the trouble? California.

Answer. — No telling for certain. It might
have been that a weak swarm tried to enter
and was killed.

A Troublesome Neighbor

I live in a town of about 100 inhabitants,
and have TO colonies of bees on the back of
my lot, where they molest no one. One
neighbor, however, claims that the bees are
a nuisance, and told me to take care of them

or he wouM kill them all. All the rest of my
neighbors stand by me, and tay Ihey are not
bothered by the bees. What would you ad-
vise me to do. for the oppotiug neighbor ia a
very bad man! I treat him as well as I can,
but It seems to do no good. WiscoNsiJj.

-Vnswek.- There is nothing in the case
specially dillcrent from what It would be If
your unkind neighbor should threaten to in-
jure any other property. 8o long as there are
only threats, it is hardly worth while to pay
any attention to them, although it is well to
keep in mind always the saying of the wise
man: " A soft answer turneth away wrath."
If the threats should materialize into action,
there is the same remedy at law that there
would be if he should injure your horse or
cow. In any case, if you are not already a
member of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, you would be wise to send at once a
dollar either to the clllee of the American Bee
lournal, or to General Manager N. E. France,
Platteville, Wis., to become a member. The
very fact that you were a member of such a
powerful organization would have its effect
in deterrintr from a conflict.

Fastening Brood Foundation —
trance-Guards and Swarming
Number of Colonies to
Average $600

En-

1. What is the best way to fasten founda-
tion in Danzenbaker brood-frames!

2. Why couldn't 1 use bee-entrance guards
to keep down swarming when running for
comb honey!

3. How many colonies would it take to
average i^flOO a year, if run properly?

Minnesota.

Answers.— 1. By means of the saw-kerf
and wedge that are sent with most top-bars
nowadays. A saw-kerf receives the founda-
tion, and the wedge is pushed into the other
saw-kerf by its side. Be sure to drive the
wedge down as deep as you can.

3. How do you suppose that would keep
down swarming? Likely you will say the
queen can not get out. Yes, but the bees will
swarm just the same, and after they have
swarmed often enough the queen will be
killed and a young queen will take her place,
and the bees will swarm worse than ever with
the young queen, and if you don't take away
the guard the queen will be a drone-layer.

3. It varies so much that it's hard to give
any Kind of an answer. In some localities it
would take twice as many colonies as others.
In some years it would take 10 times as many
as in others. It might be any where from 100
to 250 colonies.

Moldy Combs with Sour Honey-
Spacing Combs, Etc.

I put 5 colonies of bees, one little better
than a nucleus, into a good bee-cellar of a
neighbor who has the habit of running things
to extremes. The two previous winters his
bees wintered on 7 or S pounds of honey,
weighed in and out of the cellar. Last win-
ter was so very mild that many of his bees
were lost in the cellar and so this winter he
often opened the windows and doors from an-
other room and kept the place so cold that
they ate 17 pounds of honey per colony. That
is, they averaged that. Many mice also got
among them and worked in the planer-shav-
ings with which they were packed. They
were set on 4-inch scantling without bottom-
boards, 3 tiers high.

I put my hives on bottoms 5 inches deep,
with strips of perforated 's-inch zinc, about
2}.,' inches wide and nearly as long as the
hives on two opposite sides. The bees were
entirehj closed in, something on the Hershiser
plan, but I doubt if I shall do it again. The
nucleus had, I think, nearly 3 frames of bee
and a young vigorous queen put in very late.
She was laying Nov. 3, and 3 days ago (May

438

May 23, 1907

American ^ae Journal

3), she had laid eggs with only halt a teacup-
ful of bees. Another bive had only a pint of
bees and I put them with her on Friday with
out any precautions, they having been queen-
less, and on Saturday, May 4, there fell from
-t to 6 inches of snow, and sleighs were run-
ning, though much of the snow had gone
with the sun that came out towards noon,
but it was freezing hard again at night. Some
of the snow still remains (Monday morning
the 6th), and although the thermometer is up
to :i6 degrees, it is chilly enough for Green-
land, and this is some 10 miles north of Port
Hope on the north shore of Lake Ontario. So
on account of the cold, I have not been able
to tell whether the pint of bees have killed
the young queen or not. Another colony has
perhaps 3 frames of bees and a queen, with
eggs and larv.i?. Another has perhaps 4 frames
of bees, and, I think, no queen. These frames
were all of the Danzenbaker type, only 9
inches deep and IS.V inches long, set cross-
wise in the hive. The only colony that came
out reasonably was in the same style of hive
with frames 11 inches deep. They had prob-
ably a pint of dead bees and they were put
out of the cellar on Wednesday, May 1, the
soft maples just coming out on the previous
Saturday. On Friday there were lots of eggs
in this hive from a 2-year old queen, and the
bees were carrying yellow pollen. This might
have been a big colony had I not kept rob-
bing it to build up the lesser ones. After
this much of history, that will certainly in-
terest some of your bee-keeping beginners, I
want to ask you some questions.

1. The bees being dead, some of the beauti-
ful white combs are moldy, and I have read
somewhere that cleaning moldy combs by the
bees causes bee-paralysis amongst them. But
what troubles me most is that in nearly every
comb are some 50 or more cells of uncapped
honey that has fermented or has bubbles in
it. I set one of them in the house near the
stove, and the fermentation went on so lively
that the bubbles overflowed the cells in a few
hours. Many of these frames are from a third
to half full of good capped honey, but spotted
by excrement. Shall I have to throw away
these beautiful combs on account of fer-
mented honey in them * This same man in
whose cellar I wintered my bees, spoiled
hundreds of pounds of honey by uncapping
just such bubbled cells as these last summer.
I would rather melt them down for wax than
run such a risk. What shall I do with them
and the moldy ones that I think less danger-
ous? Not knowing what to do with them
the moth may get into them if not otherwise
disposed of.

2. There have been tons of ink and paper
wasted over spacing combs. I saw, last sum-
mer, simply a strip of hard-maple wood 3^-
inch thick and the length of the hive, with
notches '^-inch deep cut in one edge at equal
distances apart, to slip down over the ends of
the frames. I think hard-maple is about the
only wood strong enough for these frame-
spacing strips. The hive in which I saw them
was at the time perfectly clean of bee-glue.
Whether the strips had been greased or not I
can not say, as I did not ask. They looked
as if recently cleaned.

3. On page 5S3 (1906), the last letter is
signed by .Julius Happel, and the last sen-
tence reads thus: " Later on I will give a
plan by which iO colonies can be formed from
2, and still produce a surplus of honey." Has
he ever fulfilled his promise? or, if he did,
where can I find it? If he did not, stir him
up to do so.

4 I criticise the American Bee Journal for
these half-told stories more than for any-
thing else, and only last week I wrote Mr.
York under my full name to that effect. The
worst article I have seen was headed, " Rear-
ing and Mating (Queens,' page 338, by .laoob
F. Hershey. " With my method I need not
make any nucleus colony," and so he goes on,
only boasting, boasting, boasting, and noth-
ing else. Ontario.

Answers.— 1. Don't be in any fret about
those combs. They're good stock ytt. All
the mold that gathers in one winter can soon
be cleaned off by the bees. And the souring

honey will all be cleaned up by them, too.
But don't be in too much hurry about the
matter. The worms will make little headway
till it gets pretty warm, and if put in the cellar
will do little damage till June. As soon as
bees are flying every day, and that ought to
be as soon as this gets into print, give a comb
at a time to the stronger colonies, giving an-
other every day or two. An easier way is to
give a whole hiveful at a time, giving to the
strongest colonies. Set the hive of combs to
be cleaned under the colony, so they will
have to go through this lower story when
going out or in. Better do this about the
time when bees stop flying in the evening, for
if given earlier in the day it is barely possible
that the smell of the fermenting honey might
attract robbers. I don't know of any case on
record where moldy combs or fermenting
honey gave any disease to the bees if given
thus early in the year, although such honey
would be sure to give them diarrhea if given
as winter stores. But paralysis will not come

from moldy combs nor from fermenting
honey at any time of the year.

2. This plan of spacing combs is very old,
but it is too troublesome and time-consuming
to be in general use. If you try the two
ways side by side, you will probably much
prefer to have the spacers on the frames.

3. On page 723 will be found what he prob-
ably refers to.

4 Please don't blame the American Bee
Journal too much, tor I don't think it often
happens that mention is made of some im-
proved plan only to keep such improved plan
a secret. But I quite agree with you that said
Journal might better omit all such advertis-
ing of people that possess secrets unless pub-
lished at regular advertising rates. What's
the good of advertising a secret unless its pos-
sessor is ready to sell it, in which case he
should pay for the advertisement just as other
advertisers do.— [.Mr. Hershey has promised
to descritM his methods later. — Editor.]

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SOLID GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN

Finally we have found a good Fountain Pen that is reasonable in
price. The manufacturers of this pen say that if you pay more than
$1.25 for other fountain pens, it's for the name.

This pen is absolutely guaranteed to work perfectly, and give sat-
isfaction. The Gold Nibs are H kt., pointed with selected Iridium.
The Holders are Para Rubber, handsomely finished. The simple feeder
gives a uniform flow of ink. Each pen is packed in a neat box, with
directions and Filler.

yi size
We mail this Gold Fountain Pen for only $1.25, or for $2.00 we will mail it and the

weekly American Bee Journal for a whole year.

1^" Sample copy of the American Bee Journal free; trial trip of three months (13 copies^

for 20c ; regular yearly price, $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 334 Dearborn St., Chicago, III.

May 23, 1907

43'J

American l^ee Journal

standard-Bred Italian
FREE

PREMIUI (lUEEi\S

We are booking orders now tor those I'"iiie
Untested Italian Queens that we nlTer

every jear FREE to paid-in-ailvance mb-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens :

deori/e W. Yuri; (fc Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are line. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and tlie bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 1.5.

George W. York * Co.;— After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 91,,' La ngstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date^ and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have DRver built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds o! honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

Qeorge W. York & r,'o..-— The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N. P. OOLESBT.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York & Co.: — The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
$1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for $1.00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send $1 50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, II. L.

Lan^stroth »" the
^^* Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P Dadant.
Bach subject is clearly and thoroughly

>*'k \

f P *

explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
■uccess with bees.

The book we mail for f].20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for f2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, H,!,.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK

Have some tine Italian Queens of last fall's
rearing that are ready to be sent out, by re-
turn mail, at $2.50 and $5.00 each.

Borodino, Onondaga Co., N.Y.

21Dtf Please mention tbe Bee Journal.

Standard- Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, $1 ;
6, $0; 12, $0. Select untested, SI. 25; 6, $6; 12
$iO. Tested, $1.50; select. $2.50; best, $5. List
free. T. S. HALLi,

llDSt JASPER, Pickens Co., GA.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Uolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Selert Udtestfd Queens, $1; 6, S5; 12, $9.
Tested, Jl 50; b, J8. Best Breeders, $3 SO. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

9D13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

440

May 23, 1907

American Hee Journal

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queeiis

The Famons
Honey-
Prodncers
I am booking orders now for April. May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
iaDS, and Goldens — equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices :

Tested Queens $1.00 each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf QRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan
Let ns quote you prices ou Sections, Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redfokd, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in cue
season. OJder now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1,50 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO, ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, 111.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice homebred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $1.10

" Tested Queen l.SO

" Select Tested Queen 1.6S

" Breeder Queen 2.75

** Comb Nucleus fno

Queen) I.IS

" Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Qneen 1.75

Untested in May. Allothers
ready now from last deason^s
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and description of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.
J. L. STRONG
SAtf 204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.

flnoGi'sGoKiGnBGauiles

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1: an extra-
select breeder for $!.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANGEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, EVANSVIULE, IMD.

Your Order for Queens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Ittlian tjueens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, $1.00
each ; Untested Queens, 75 cents ; $S per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20Atf LoREAUViLLK. Iberia Pa., La.

MeBtloB Bee Jonmal whea wrltlac.

p We will Buy and
I SeU

IIOIET

^W of the different grades and kinds.
»u If you have any to dispose of, or it
^g you intend to buy, correspond
^^ with us.

We are always in the marljet
for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

^ Hildreth & Segelken

^Sj 265 & 267 Greenwich Street

^ NEW YORK, N.Y.

C\i IPPXIQ Caucasians. l-allans, Cyprians
\iyjL^l^i^'J and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one extra
l>p9t select breeding <Jueen. if3.<K> one best imported
direct from Caucasus. $4 5n. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans; One beat extra select breed-
ing. $2.im; one best imported, best Italian orCarni-
olan Queen. ifU.SO. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding. $.'/'0; one best imported direct from
('yprus, $3.50. Prices in .Inly. August and Septem-
ber. -lU cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for 5o ;ind I(m> Qiu-ens. Caacasian, Italian,
Cyprian, and Carniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon, India, etc., sfl more.

P. HAUNSCHILD. the Queen-Breeder.

20Al3t Weissbach b. I'ulsnitz, i.Sa.. Germany.

Breeding Queens
and Nuclei

We offer for early spring delivery (by mail)
Choice Italian Breeding Queens at $3.50 each.

Also, 3-frame Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at $3.25 each ; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at $3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped Id
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jacl£son Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Weil-Bred Qneens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now tailing orders for tjoolt's Select-
■Cred Queen!* — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Vooh's Square Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most saoitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only-
Reliable Goods sold,
10 cents brings sample jar by mail.
17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

>' Xhe continuous advertiser
^gets the bulk of tlie business,
because otiiers are not adver-
tisin;;. and he is."

Something New=The Ideal Hive=TooI

Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muencb, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some-
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr. Muench^e widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

(This picture is exactly 07ie-haJf the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-grade malleable iron, much like wrought iron,.
PH incbes long. The mitldle partis 1 1-16 inches wide and 7-32 thick. The smaller end is Ij-b inches long, hi
inch wide, and 7-3^ thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It :

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's "Forty Years Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: •' Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muenoh tool." On Jan. V, 190", h3
wrote us saying he thought "just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's acsistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The "Ideal Hive-Tool" Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FKEK as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a year at
?100; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool— both
for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORae W. YORK & CO., CHICAQO, ILL.

May 23, 1907

American ^ae Journal

^^%^»> j

Wo
,0

o

0

tiro mudo every year in the l)Ook ImsinesB.
Evfry family, rich or poor, inuwt hiive
Imoks, DuriiiK the Innt few yt'iirB, S7,r>OI),.
Oflll.ilU hiiVfi hccn exjicndtHl for Mmlcra
EloQiiriue. .Sill.lXtO.dlVl.OO for StoH.l.ird'B
Li'ftiirt'H, $"J1.(>IX).U)0.00 for the Century
Dictinnnrv. Hml the trenifnflous sum of
$44.0(XI.(KKI.I)O. covering over half a million
setH of the P'ncycloptedia Brittinnica.
Thcf^e liooks were sold by subscription in
American homes and sales are still
going on.

We have a BUbscription publication
which sells more readily than any of the
above. The demand in already so tre-
mendous that mc^re capital is required to
awing it. or get behind on orders. Profits
are enormous, several times aavlngs bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on twenty yeans' experi-
ence. Ri-member.the success of this publi-
OHtion is not Hwity off in the future — it ia
not prospective, hut it is a su<'ceB8 at the
proHcnt time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this pul>lication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
thone of small meaus to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is aa
solid aa the Rock of tiibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number or our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already eiiruing hie dividends. and which
IB led tosi'll a small amount of its stock
eimply because the business is already eo
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if you would grasp this op-
I>ortunity you must

Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In

Address your letter to me personally,
like this—

W. B. Gilbert
Dept. <^ 28 Jackion Blvd., Chicafo

I

BEE-SUPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplles. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Laujfstroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Remember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our g^oods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRET6HMER MFG. CO., Council Blutis, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.'

Catalogs issued in English or German.

8

Mention Bee Jonmal when writing.

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker w
recommend above all others.

u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use 1.10 — 3^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2>^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Midi.

Patented May 20. 187'».

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont.Mrch.

12A13t

Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Simplex D6G"nlV6 cheapesf^most' du.
rable, perfect, efticieal implement. Constrnctsd
without boards. Anyoueran manufactare it.
License of U. S. P.itent granted. Address,
17461 P. O. BOX 332. Colton.Callf.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden and 3banded
Queeus ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which wi'lbe filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or ll for $6 5o. Tested, $1.U0,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with You or Queen
afer June 1, $2.00 GEO. ^ . BARNES.

lSA26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $S. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Joornal when wrftlns.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each; six, J3.S0

Selected untested 7Sc " "4 00

Tested $1.00 " "SCO

Selected tested 1.25 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen . 2.00
Orders filled In rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Qreenville, Ala.

17Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Please MeDtionjheAfflericau Bee Jonrnal 155^^

442

May 23, 1907

American Hee Journajj

99 Percent of your Wax can now be saved

by using the

^HERSHISER WAX-PRESS

Manufactured Exclusively by

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY, Watertown, Wis.

"NOT IN ANY TRUST."

We are offering to our customers this year for the first time the Hershiser Wax-Press, a cut of which is herewith
given. It has just been invented, and consequently has never before been offered for sale.

The Hershiser Wax-Press is not only the best wax-press ever put on the market, but it is an almost perfect device
for extracting wax. WE WILL GUARANTEE IT WILL EXTRACT WITHIN 1 PERCENT OF ALL THE WAX
CONTAINED IN THE SLUMGUM PLACED IN IT, IF PROPERLY OPERATED. All the other wax-presses now
in common use will necessarily leave in the slumgum a large amount of wax, the quantity varying from 8 to 25 percent ;
in other words, the Hershiser Press is able to get about 7 percent of wax out of slumgum after the very best of all other
■wax-extractors has obtained the greatest possible amount of wax from it.

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Price and full information given in the Hershiser Folder, sent free by

a. B. LEWIS COMPANY

The original bee-ware people, Watertown, Wis., or its distributing houses

as given below :

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ENGLAND-E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Kajmond Garlel, Paris, 2 ter Quai
de la Megisserie.

CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 Oficios
C. B. Stevens & Co., Manzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, Ul Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA— Paul Bachert,

Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Die^o.
Fallbrook Co-operative Ass'n, Fallbrook.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

COLORADO-Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
socialiod, Denver.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford.

Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,
Grand Junction.

Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— * dam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hanssen's Sons, Davenport.

W. J. McCarty, Emmetsbnrg.

ILLINOIS-York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sous, Hamilton.

INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.

MICHIGAN— a.G. Woodman Co.,Grand Rapids

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchang'e.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norris & Anspach, Kenton.

OREGO >I— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS— Souihwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH— Fred Foulger 4 Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H.LiUy Company,
Seattle.

May 23, 1907

443

American Hee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found in

T(ie

Americaii Bee -Keeper
lor 19D7

It is profusely illustratod and en-
larged, and contains only articles of tiio
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been ennagod. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have publislied the American Hee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE YV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years. J

4- ^eestpax^-

Chicago, May 9.— Very little hoaey on the
market of any kind. Prices are theretore nom-
inal. A little choice white clover comb sold at
17c, and would bring that at present, but sup-
ply seems to be exhausted ; even with this scar-
city there is no demand for No. 2 grades. Ex-
tracted, white, 7@8c; amber, 6'fl 7c. Beeswax in
good demand at 32c. R. A. Burnett &. Co,

Cincinnati, April 16 — There is nothing new
in the honey market, excepting that this part
of the country is bare of comb honey, and it is
well, for consumers will appreciate the new
crop more when it arrives. We are selling ex-
tracted amber honey in barrels at from 5^(^-
t%c. Fancy table honey, 8Kc@9c, in crates of
two 60-pound cans. Forchoiceyellow beeswax,
free from dirt, 32c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, May 11.— The continued cold
weather has made the sales in the comb honey
market hold out much later than usual. Quite
a good many sales have been reported in the
last 10 days. Prices have been steady and at
the present time show a little tendency to
weaken. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@lSc; No.
1, 13@14c: amber, 12i" 13c. Fancy white ex-
tracted. 7@8c; Hght amber, 6@7c. Beeswax
firm at 32c,

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, April 12.— Comb Honey.— There
18 very little doing; stock of white honey of all
grades is practically cleaned up, and small
shipments which arrive from time to time, find
ready sale at I4@15c for choice white stock, and
12@13c for ofE grades. Considerable dark comb
honey is left on the market, and there does not
seem to be any demand whatsoever. We quote
nominally at 10@llc, but in large lots we doubt
whether this price can be realized. Extracted
UoNEY.— California stock seems to be well
cleaned up, and we are informed that there is
very little left on the Coast, and, before the new
crop is marketed, whatever is on the market
now will have been consumed. The prospects
n California are very good for a large crop, bn t
nothing definite can be said at this time, and
there is no surety of a big crop until it is actually
gathered. Last season the outlook was just as
good, but in the height of the season, cold
northern winds and generally contrary weather
affected the crop to such an extent that it was
small as in previous years. With favorable

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete slock for 1U07 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as'most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
; Yoji will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYING FROM ME. 'i^:tL'^^l '"'"■

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS i

Let me
|boolj

i Order for
LAi^S, and C'Ai:C'ASIA!\S
For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

breii in separate apiaries,

theUOL.!)!!:.^ VEI.,.

.OWS, CARI\IO-

c. H.W.WEBER "s:r

Office and Silesrooms, 2t46r48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

weather in California for the next two mouths
a large crop willundonbtedly be harvested, and
if so prices will naturally be considerably lower
than those of the past season and present prices.
We quote white sage at from 7@9c, and light
amber at from 7@TJ4c. Near-by, as well as
Southern honey, is well cleaned up, and the
markets are in good shape for new crop. Cuban
and other West Indian honeys are arriving in
large quantities, most of which are sold for ex
port. The market is firm, at from 58(5i60c per
gallon, duty paid according to quality. Bees-
wax firm and steady at from 30@31c.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@l7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per lOO pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, May 3.^There Is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season of the year. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16(al7c; No. 1, 15@16c, with no
demand for dark honev. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees
wax is bring!ug2Sc.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, May 4 — Receipts of comb and
extracted honey are light; in fact, the market
is almost bare. The demand for comb honey
is good, but for extracted is rather light. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sections, J3.25; No.
2, $2.75; No. 2 amber, $2.50 to ?2.75. Extracted,
white, 8@9c; amber, 7w8c. Beeswax, 50c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, 12,80. White
extracted, ^(a:8%c per pound; light amber,
7K@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers* Asstf.

Cincinnati, April 3.— The market on honey
is entirely bare of fancy comb honey; No. 2,
selling at 12^c, and slow sales. Light amber
extracted sells in barrels at 5^@6c. Beeswax
32c, delivered here. C. H. W. Wbbbk.

HONEY AND BEE5WAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consiUt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 South Watir St. Chicago. Ilu

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcnltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send tl. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

" Bee- Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlscoantt to the Trade.

BEE SUPPLIES.

Wa handia tha finast baa suppliaa, mada by tha W. T. FALCON ER MFG.
CO., Jainaatown, N. Y. Big Olacounts on aarly orders, lat us figure
with you on your wants. i .I

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a honoy board, warpi.- "
proof COMC^^nd bottom board, think of it, aamo prico as tha regular
atylas. ^Bp" Catalag.

^TTHE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

444

May 23. 1907

American ^ae Journal

I DAMWT'S FOUNDATION

I .^IT EXCELSi^

^ Ask any dealer wno handles our make along with any other and he will

tsay, "Of course, Dadant's is the best."
Ask a bee-keeper who has used our make and he will tell you the same
t thing. WHY ? Because we make the manulacture of foundation OUR
SPECIALTY. We devote our time and energies to making THE VERY BEST

tCOMB FOUNDATION THAT CAN BE MADE.
^ For 27 years we have led m the manufacture of this article. Don't ex-

X periment with a new make. Insist on Dadant's — get Dadant's and you will
X have the best. It will cost you no more than any other.

I WORKING BEESWAX

sk We work beeswax into Comb Foundation for the bee-keeper direct.

tSend for our prices and Catalog. Remember you take NO CHANCES when
you get our foundation. We absolutely GUARANTEE SATISFACTION IN EVERY WAY.
t A gents for our foundation everywhere.

Early order discounts on all kinds of goods for the bee-keeper.

I DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

I I

I Marshfleld Bee-6oods I

#

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why; should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED^HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have notjyet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfleld Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Leofst & Koeoig, 127
Sonth lath St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA-N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Out.

ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phoenix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmouy.u' ^

ILLINOIS— D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Gleuwood.

MAY 30, 1907

Number 22

ME J

(£ovcr Cl?eiit ©per

BY WILL CAKLETON

Cover them over with beautiful flowers;
Deck them with garlands, those brothers of ours;
Lying so silent, by night and by day.
Sleeping the years of their manhood away ;
Years they had marked for the joys of the brave;
Years they must waste in the sloth of the grave.
All the bright laurels they fought to make bloom
Fell to the earth when they went to the tomb.
Give them the meed they have won in the past;
Give them the honors their merits forecast ;
Give them the chaplets they won in the strife;
Give them the laurels they lost with their life.
Cover them over — yes, cover them over —
Parent, and husband, and brother, and lover ;
Crown in your heart these dead heroes of ours,
And cover them over with beautiful flowers.

Cover the thousands who sleep far away —

Sleep where their friends can not find them to-day;

They who in mountain and hill-side and dell

Rest where they wearied, and lie where they fell.

Softly the grass-blade creeps round their repose;

Sweetly above them the wild flow'ret blows;

Zephyrs of freedom fly gently o'erhead,

Whispering names for the patriot dead.

So in our minds we will name them once more,

So in our hearts we will cover them o'er;

Roses and lilies and violets blue

Bloom in our souls for the brave and true.

Cover them over — yes, cover them over —

Parent, and husband, and brother, and lover:

Think of those far-away heroes of ours,

And cover them over with beautiful flowers.

When the long years have crept slowly away,
E'en to the dawn of Earth's funeral day ;
When, at the Archangel's trumpet and tread,
Rise up the faces and forms of the dead ;
When the great world its last judgment awaits;
When the blue sky shall swing open its gates.
And our long columns march silently through,
Past the Great Captain, for final review ;
Then for the blood that has flown for the right.
Crowns shall be given, untarnished and bright;
Then the glad ear of each war-martyred son
Proudly shall hear the good judgment, " Well done.'
Blessings for garlands shall cover them over —
Parent, and husband, and brother, and lover:
God will reward those dead heroes of ours,
And cover them over with beautiful flowers.

THIRTY-TWO PAGE NUMBER

May 30, 1907

American ^ae Journal

PCBLISHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK & COMPANY

116 W.Jackson B!v(l.,GhiGago,ll!.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE STJBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
$l.iH> a year, in the United States ot America and
Mexico; all other countries in ihe Postal Union, oO
cents a year extra for postaRe. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-i.ABEL DATE indicates the
end lit the month to which your subscription ispaiJ.
For instance, "dec"?'" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end ot December, 19U7.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS —We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
chanKe the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per ftgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing- less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.
13 " .

26 " .

SZ " .

Space Discounts.

. S per cent

100 lines.

.. S per cent

.10

500 " .

.10 "

.20 "

1000 " .

.20 "

.30 "

2000 " .

.30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading- Notices, 25 cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning-.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects oi the Association.

ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— Tu protect and defend its members in their
awful riehts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Jj^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of tlae American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

"■^^ I CANNOT

-C;£reEAR TO

O wcN-T TOu BEE m HONEY
And cheer this lonely heart?

For I WOULD hug you all the Tin£
And we would tjever part

ii

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith show the card in reduced
size, and but one color, while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for lOe (stamps
e ;iilver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
lOarnal one year at$1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2X
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

■^

M Now is the Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

■i4

AND S4\E MONEY

BS It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered

KfK prices on Dovetailed Hives. Sections. Section Holders,

^p Separators. Brood-Frames, Foundation, Sniolcers, Ex-

(^ tractors, Shipping'-Cascs, etc. It may mean a saving to you of

^S many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to

(Mg! make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-

^ ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONE?.

^ We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can

^^ ship promptly.

i Mlnn6S0M B66-K66D6rS' SUDDly 60.

Wl JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

^ Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOHS, MINN.

m

Mention Bee Jonmal when irrltlns-

HOW TO PAINT

Biig'gies, farm wagons, farming' tools, barn.s, outbuildings and
houses often need painting. "Everybody's Paint Book," written by a thorough-
ly practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting.
It is designed for the special use of those who wish to do their own painting'. It gives
practical lessons in plain painting, varnishing, polishing. Staining, paper hang-
ing, kalsomining, etc.

It also tells how to renovate furniture and gives many hints on artistic -work
for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mixing paints for all purposes.

If farming tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, and
anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantially
bound in cloth. A coDy will be sent postage prepaid on receipt of price, $1.00

SPECIAL OFFERS

For $1.60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee Journal one year;
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Diumer's ConiD Foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrben wrtttajr.

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D. SOPER (Routes) Jackson, Hich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

APONS PAY

Oapong are cheaper and easier
raised, bring double price on
the market. Caponizing i s
easy, and soon learned. Set prepaid with
"easy to use" directions, $2.50. Capon
book free, tells how. Write for It today.

6 P Pllling&Son Co., Arch St.. Phlladslphla. Pi.

^

May 30, 1907

447

American ^ae Journal

Hershiser Wax-Press

And Other LEWIS BEE-SUPPLIES

Good Goods and Prompt Shipment

Any l)ee-li«eper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage o! our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

ItS^ tiend tor list ot iiilightly I»ani-
a{;ed tiootlw to Nelect Iroiu at Ke<liice«l
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co. (i^°t mc

Lod^ Distance Telephone, North 1550. igi AND 193 SUPBRIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

TAYLOR'S STRAIN OF ITALIANS

IS TME3 BH3ST

Ijong ToriKues and Goldena are best of honey-
pntlierers: 18 yrw. a specialty, breeding for best
houey-gatherers. Untested. 7r»c, or$sa doz.; Tested,
$1, or $1(1 a doz.; Select Tested, $1.50. Breeders,
very best, frnm $;i to $5. ('arniolans same price. Try
them. We also sell Nuclei and lull colonies. Bees
in separate yards. Sale arrival guaranteed.

J. W. TAYLOR & SON

13Al0t BKEVILl.E. Bee Co.. TEXAS.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A.14t Please mention the Bee Journal.

BEE 0 POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

29Mf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and ;i-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, Tiic;
Tested, *l 00. I'riees on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.

JOHN W. PHAkK. Prop., Berclalr, Texa-i.

12At{ Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and elvlnK entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb lonndatlon made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, t2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of tlie Press makini; the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILiLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Joamal vrhen Trrltlas.

p_„ Cola iOO Acre Farm and lOO
rUr 0<tlC Colonies of Bees. Good out-
buildings; good 8-room house — on Wisconsin
river. Address, O. C. FITTS,

lOAlSt KILBOURN, WIS.

Mention Bee Joamal vrhem vrrltlniPr

Queen-Clipping Device Freer

The MoNKTTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
)for a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,
-5. QEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

..., ^ - CHICAGO, ILL.

" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder.

Established 1889

The Business End of the Bee

By the Bee-Crank

A genius has been defined
as one with an infinite capa-
city for details. This puts the
bee in the genius class. He
goes after the first promising
prospect, cleans that up and
hunts up another. He doesn't
spend his time waiting for a
streak of luck. He just gath-
ers the honey wherever he can

find it.

Now, the bee-supply busi-
ness is a good deal the same way. I believe one
customer on the book is worth a flock in the open.
I take care of him first, and do my prospecting af-
terwards if I have time. I treat him in such a way
that he will come back without coaxing.

How I do it is another story. But it means an
infinite attention to details for one thing, and the
best way to get a taste of it is to send me your next
order, and let me show you.

BEESWAX— I pay 33 cents in trade. Will ship
any Supplies you may need in exchange for your
wax. Send by freight or express according to size
of package, and put your name upon it.

My new Catalog — Have you seen it ? It's free.

Send a postal for it to-dav.

■ Arthur, 111., May 9, 1907.
Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis.

Dear Sir:— Draft for beeswax arrived promptly; the
amount was tor more than I had expected.

Tours truly, Ed Cox.

Walter S. Pouder

513-515 Massachusetts A v. , INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

448

May 30, 1907

American ^ae Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

THE HATCH WAX PRESS

If you have been so unfortunate as
to lose some of your bees the past win-
ter, or even this spring, save the wax
in the combs by the use of some good
wax-press. If you look about you will
probably find a lot of old combs in
your neighborhood which you can get
for a song. Wax is higher now than
for many years and you should hurry
it to market, for the present high pri-
ces will likely continue but a few
weeks, at most. Our new Hatch Press
has several valuable features, viz :

Durability.

Ease of operation.

Most thorough in its work.

Superior quality of product.

L,ow cost. Price is only $6.00.

any of our offices; and the colors from
Medina, New York, and Chicago. Send
for color cards, etc.

WANTED

If you know of any one who has bees
to sell this month, we can probably
find a purchaser for the same— any
number— 5 to 100 colonies— provided
we are given a brief, explicit descrip-
tion at once. Please state condition,
hives, race, price, etc.

BEESWAX

We are paying at this date 31 cents
cash or 33 cents in trade for pure, aver-
age beeswax, delivered at any of the
following offices : Medina, Ohio ; Chi-
cago, New York, Philadelphia, or
Washington. A large number of our
jobbing agents make the same prices.
See list of dealers in American Bee
Journal for May 2.

BEE-HIVE PAINT

We are distributing agents for the
B. P. S. Paint. This is one of the best
hive-paints to be found on the market.
We have handled it for 10 years or
more, and do not recall a complaint in
all that time. Equally good for your
house or any indoor or outdoor work.
We ship the O.W. (Outside White) from

SPECIAL

For the next 10 days from date of
this paper, to test the value of these
columns, we offer a copy of the book,
'• How to Keep Bees," price, $1.10, for
only 60 cents, postpaid. Furthermore,
we will promptly refund the money to
any dissatisfied purchaser, even after
you have read the entire book. You
must send your order for this to
Medina, and mention the American
Bee Journal of this date.

LESSONS IN BEE-KEEPING BY MAIL

There is now, and has been for years,
a greater demand for experienced bee-
help than there are men ready for these
places. Each winter and spring we
are obliged to disappoint many large
apiarists by telling them we do not
know where suitable help can be found,
The demand has already begun for the
present season. We have found that
many who take our course in bee-cul-
ture by correspondence prefer to go
into business for themselves, so we
still need active young men who have
a fair knowledge of the subject — men
whom we know something about — who
can be recommended for the places fre-
quently offered. We, therefore, offer
again a limited course in

Bke-Kkkping by Maii..

We shall designate this as Course
No. 2. The lessons are identical with
the lessons in Course No. 1. The time,
however, is limited to one year from
enrollment. The course may be easily
completed in 3 to 4 months. The fol-
lowing is the

Outline of Course No. 2.

(17 Lessons.)
I. Definitions of Terms.
II. Inmates of the Hive.

III. Comb.

IV. Handling Bees.
V. Transferring.

VI. Building Up Colonies.

VII. The Honey-flow.

VIII. Swarming.

IX. Rendering Normal.

X. Preparing for Winter.

XI. Wintering.

XII. Spring Management.

XIII. Bee-Diseases, Symptoms.

XIV. Enemies of Bees,

XV. Establishing an Apiary.

XVI. Queen-Rearing.

XVII. General Examination.

Terms of Course— Full Cash Pay-
ment.

Complete course as outlined, lessons,
personal answers to all questions, in-
cluding the A B C of Bee-Culture (500-
page book), and Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture (semi-monthly) for one year, $5.00.

With either the A B C or Gleanings
omitted in case you have one, $4.00.

With both omitted in case you have
both, $3.00.

Use This Form in Ordering.

190....

THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio.

Enclosed find in payment of one

complete course of instruction No. 2 in the Soot
Correspondence School of Bee Culture.

Name

r.o

State

County or Street

Express Office

PLEASE ANS WER THE
FOLLOWiyO :

Have you a colony of bees?

Have you an ARC of Bee Culture? if so, what

year published?

Are you at p>-esent a subscriber to Gleanings?

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Bntered at tbd PuMtuUicc at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., lis W. Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, MAY 30, 1907

Vol, XLVII— No, 22

[itorial ^otes
and Comments

The Alexander Weak-Colony Plan

Some have met failure in trying the method
of strengthening weak colonies in spring by
placing them over strong colonies, and ex-
cluder between; but others are so enthusi-
astic over their success that it may be
worth while for those who have not suc-
ceeded to make further trial with perhaps
some precaution added. It has been sug-
gested that if greater care were used, even
hybrids would be all right. None but a very
strong colony should be used for the lower
one, and if it be very much stirred up at the
time the weak colony is placed over, it may
proceed at once to massacre the intruders.
So the work should be very quietly done, so
that the bees be not aroused.

A. A. Ashley gives in Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture a plan worth trying. He says :

" I tried it on 3 colonies, audit proved a
success with me. I think the reason some
fail is because they fuss with the strong col-
ony till they get them too thoroughly roused
up. 1 put on the excluder, then put screen
wire over that, and I set the weak colony on ;
24 hours later I lifted off the weak colony,
and quickly and gently removed the screen,
then very gently set the weak colony back,
and I never had a bee killed. After .30 days 1
separated them, leaving the weak colony on
the old stand, moving the strong one to one
side. This gives the weak colony the most
of the flying bees. I can't tell any difference
in the strength of them."

A correspondent suggests a little different
plan: Put over the strong colony a sheet of
newspaper. At the central part punch a hole
large enough for a bee to pass through. Put
over this an excluder, and over this the weak
colony. No matter how much the bees are
stirred up, they will have plenty of time to
quiet down before any considerable number
can get through the paper. The hole is made

in the paper, not to make a passage imme-
diately for the bees, but to make a ready
starting point for the bees to gnaw through.
If this proves upon trial to work all right, it
has the double advantage over the wire-cloth
plan that it saves the trouble of removing the
wire-cloth, and it also saves any possible dan-
ger of stirring up the bees at the time of re-
moving the wire-cloth.

The season is so late, and the number of
very weak colonies so unusually large that
there are no doubt still many colonies that
are mere nuclei, and there maybe no small
gain in trying the plan of Mr. E. W. Alexan-
der.

— ••

Destroying Foul-Brood Spores

Samuel Simmins says this in the British
Bee Journal:

" The conclusion I have arrived at is, that
while a short period of heat at boiling point
may fail to destroy the spores of foul brood,
there is no reason whatever why a more pro-
tracted term at blood temperature should not
bring about the end of their existence where
further propagation is out of the question."

Dwarf Bees in Old Combs (?)

In Prak. Wegweiser it is reported that un-
dersized workers appeared in a colony, and
inspection showed combs with cells not a
centimeter (about 2-5 inch) deep, because
these combs had never been exchanged, and
were now 10 years old. One wonders whether
closer investigation might not have led to a
different conclusion. Thousands of combs in
this country can probably be found that are
10 years old and older, some of them 20 or 30
years old, and none of them are found with
cells less than the usual depth. Indeed, a
little thought ought to make one expect that

bees would keep their brood-cells of norma
depth unless such a thing were impossible.
Cut away the walls of a cell, either in whole
or in part, and the bees will build them
again, so as to make the cell the proper
depth ; why should they not build them out
to the proper depth it they are made too shal-
low by cocoons filling up the bottom? Ex-
actly that is what they do. Measure a brood-
comb from which its first set of brood has
emerged, and it measures J^ of an inch. Take
a comb that is old enough, and it measures a
full inch. The septum has become }{ inch
thick, and the mouth of the cell has been built
out to correspond, leaving the cells just as
deep as when first built.

Tearing Down Worker Foundation
to Build Drone-Comb

Dadant's denial of this, except in case of
imperfect foundation, calls forth this remark
in Prak. Wegweiser :

" Many bee-keepers, who observe with open
eyes, will shake the head incredulously at this
assertion : noted leaders are not infallible."

It might not be a safe thing to assert that a
thing never happened just because one has
not seen it, but after hundreds of swarms or
colonies had been given hives entirely filled
with foundation, if not one of them had torn
down any part of the foundation in order to
fill its place with drone-comb, it would seem
pretty safe to conclude that bees were not in
the habit of thus tearing down. Certainly a
great many in this country make a practise
of giving full sheets of foundation; has any
one had it torn down to be replaced with

drone-comb?

•

Thickness of Hive-Walls

D. M. M. says in the British Bee Journal:

" Should the walls of a hive be thick or
thin? Fifty years ago it was advised that
wood one inch up to an inch and a half thick
should be used. Gradually a change came,
till now we rarely find factory-made hives
with wood thicker than half an inch. I am
not aware that bees have suffered in any way
from the innovation."

In this country X is perhaps the universal
thickness. If ^4 'Dch does as well across the
water, perhaps it might also answer here.
Certainly there would be some advantage in

450

May 30, 1907

American ^ae Journal

the matter of cost, and in the matter of light-
ness.

Planting for Honey

This is a subject that has been discussed
among bee-keepers for many years, the con-
clusion arrived at being that unless the plant
grown for honey has other special values it
will not pay to grow it. Touching this mat-
ter, Prof. A. J. Cook has this to say in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture:

~ Another thing that we have determined
once for all, is that it will not pay to plant
exclusively for honey. Plants like clover and
alfalfa, that will pay for other purposes than
honey, will pay well. It may, and often will,
pay well to furnish seed to a farmer who

lives near our apiary, if he will grow alsike
clover, alfalfa, or any other useful plant that
has a double use in that it also furnishes
honey; it will also pay well to secure the
planting of valuable honey-trees along the
highway, such as linden, tulip, acacia, catalpa,
and eucalyptus, when they are among the
best of trees for roadside adornment. It is
wise to plant sweet clover, motherwort, and
other good honey-plants in all waste places
near the apiary. It is better to have such
space occupied by plants that have value, and
not grow weeds that are a sore disfigurement,
and, besides, furnish seeds to scatter to be-
come a nuisance to our neighbor as well. I
once heard Mr. Harbison, the distinguished
bee-keeper, say that he had planted the wild
sage in waste places to great advantage in
our State; but to grow any plant on valuable
land that has no use other than the nectar it
yields is a mistake. This has been demon-
strated beyond question.

0>i5Gellaneou5
ilecgs -Items

ssaaai^iM

Mu

J

Quitting the Strenuous Life is the

subject of an article in the Saturday Evening
Post of May 35, written by that interesting
author, Mr. Forrest Crissey. In it he recom-
mends bee-keeping as a work to be taken up
by those who have tired of the stress of life
in the city and wish to get back to Nature
and country life. He quotes largely from the
experiences of those who have succeeded with
bees, among them being Dr. C. C. Miller.

It may seem strange, but the article re-
ferred to was prepared about 2 years ago, and
only now appears in print. This fact will
account for some statements in it, among
which is this one: "In March of this year
there was organized, in Chicago, The Honey-
Producers' League, which can scarcely fail
greatly to extend the honey market." Most
of our readers know that last year the League
was discountinued, and its funds turned over
to the National Bee-Keepers' Association, to
be used as originally intended by the League.
So its good intentions will be carried out.

Mr. Crissey has done bee-keepers a good
service, in that he has placed before perhaps
a million readers the fact that there is not,
and never was, any such thing as manu-
factured comb honey; and also that honey is
of such great value as a daily food.

We may say further that Mr. Crissey has
been a reader of the American Bee Journal
for several years, and takes great interest in
the bees he keeps lor experimental purposes.

Dr. Bigelow and the Agassiz Asso-
ciation.—The Daily Advocate, of Stamford,
Conn., of recent date contains a lengthy ac-
count of the Agassiz Association and its new
president, Dr. Edward F. Bigelow, who was
elected at a meeting of the trustees of the
Association in Pittsfleld, Mass. Dr. Bigelow
is greatly interested in bees as a nature study,
£0 doubtless he will help to promote the gen-

eral interest in them through the organiza-
tion of which he is now the honored head.

Gleanings in Bee Culture gives this notice,
which, though brief, covers the case very
nicely :

Our esteemed friend, Prof. Edward F. Bige-
low, has just been elected to the presidential
chair of the Agassiz Association, a world-
wide organization, having for its object the
popularization of nature study and outdoor
science. In connection with the election of
Dr. Bigelow, it has been decided to erect a
building for a permanent headquarters for
the society, and in addition a museum, library,
and a model school of nature study, all to be
located in Stamford, Conn.

It ought to be stated that the Agassiz Asso-
ciation is not'a combination of scientists, but,
rather, a collection of people who are endeav-
oring to extend their knowledge of animated
nature; and it rather aims to interest ordi-
nary every-day people who wish to educate
themselves along such lines. The work is
particularly interesting to teachers.

We are certain of one thing, Dr. Bigelow
will not neglect the study of bees in connec-
tion with the work he has undertaken, and
an apiary will surely form a prominent part
of any nature-study enterprise with which he
has to do. For this reason, and the fact we
are well acquainted with the Doctor per-
sonally, we wish the Association every suc-
cess.

Those who may be interested in this kind
of work, and who desire more information,
should apply to Dr. Bigelow, Stamford,
Conn., for all particulars.

We congratulate both the Agassiz Associa-
tion and Dr. Bigelow. It is a great combina-
tion. And Pres. B. will now have a wider
opportunity for his abounding enthusiasm
along the line of nature study.

General Manager N. E. France

(Platteville, Wis.), of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, writing us May 18, 190", re-
ported that there were 3346 members of the
Association at that date. It would seem that
it might be an easy matter to have a member,
ship of 2500 by the time of the next meeting

of the National. The exact time and place
have not yet been decided, but doubtless will
be very soon.

Mr. France had letters on his desk from the
following States, which referred to the con-
dition of the bees and weather:

California, where they were feeding the
bees.

Texas, where they have had two extract-
ings with a cold wave following.

Tennessee, with weather too cold for brood-
rearing.

Louisiana, where the cold weather was still
continuing.

It seems that reports indicate quite gen-
eral cool weather over the country during the
past few weeks.

Mr. France had been away from home for
about 3 weeks in Wisconsin, and reports cold
weather for the past 0 weeks, which injured
Wisconsin bees as much as had all the past
winter.

Mr. J. J. Shearer, of Plymouth, Mich.,
when renewing his subscription recently,
wrote as follows :

I am now taking 53 papers and journals
every month, but can't think of dropping the
American Bee Journal. All of them are
worth more than they cost. I am 75 years
" young" to-day, and get time to look them
all over. I would like to send you some sub-
scribers if I could, but there are only 3 colo-
nies of bees within 4 miles of me.

J. J. Shbarer.

Mr. Shearer certainly takes his share of
current literature. He was one of the
"young fellows" who made up the carload
of bee-keepers that went to the Los Angeles
convention in 1903. Dr. Miller was another.
So was A. I. Root. They will probably never
forget that memorable trip, nor will 25 or 30
others who were permitted to enjoy it.

Worst Outlook for Bees.— Mr. C. P.

Dadant, of Hamilton, 111., wrote us on May
21st as follows:

Friend York:— The outlook is the very
worst for bees that I have seen in 40 years.
There is no white clover here, and we can
not see anything to help them out, unless we
have an exceedingly wet year.

C. P. Dadast.

Surely, the above seems discouraging, but j
let us all hope that the season may yet be al
right for the bees.

The Sixth Annual Report of the

Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association has
just been issued, containing 176 pages. Its
contents, besides considerable miscellaneous
matter, are the 1906 reports of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, the National,
and the Chicago-Northwestern. There are a
number of very fine engravings of apiaries,
the Illinois State Capitol, etc. Cloth-bound
copies were issued for the members of the
Association only, and will be sent out as long
as they last to any who become members on
the payment of f 1.00 to the Secretary, which
not only secures a cloth-bound copy, but
membership in the State Association one year,
and the same in the National Association, A
paper-covered copy of the Report will be
mailed to any one who sends 15 cents to the
Secretary to pay postage and wrapping. We
think the Sixth Annual Report is as attrac-
tive and instructive as any we have ever
issued. General Manager N. E. France says
concerning this Report: "It is a credit to
all concerned in getting it out."

Jas. A. Stone, Sec.
Route 4, Springfield, 111

May 30, 1907

451

American ^^e Journal

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Sister's Experience With Bees

My Dear Miss Wilson : — About 10
years ag^o a friend gave me a swarm
of bees in a box-hive, and told me this
was too poor a honey-producing region
to make bee-keeping profitable, but
that I could hive the swarms that
came off each year, and in the fall kill
off the old colonies and use their honey.

For the first 2 or 3 years I paid little
attention to the bees. If we chanced
to be about when they swarmed we
put them in a box, but got little honey,
as I could not make up my mind to kill
them. Finally I was persuaded to get
a frame hive, and the way we mis-
managed the swarm that we put into
it would take too long to tell. All the
family, and some of the neighbors,
assisted ; and the stings we got ! I
was stung on the face and head, and
in about an hour my eyes were closed,
and for a day or so I could not see, and
was very sick. The "other half"
wanted to shoot the bees, and not have
one on the place, but for my part I
rather admired them for resenting our
treatment, and next year I got S hives,
and that season I sold $9 worth of sec-
tion honey, at 20 cents a section. The
bees in the boxes (except the old one)
died. I now have the old box and 25
colonies in frame hives, though I have
lost quite a number some winters.

Most of the hives are under an open
shed, and part of them out in the open,
and only one colony died last winter.
Some seasons there is too much rain,
and they store very little honey, while
in others they store a good crop.

Some years I have sold $35 worth of
section honey at 15 cents. I take it to
our little town and peddle it out among
my neighbors. Often I could ask 25
cents, but believe it better to take less
and have a steady cash custom.

Last year I put a new swarm into a
hive where the bees had died during
the preceding winter, and in about 4
weeks they had filled the 24 sections
<also the body).

As the stings poison me so I do not
handle my bees as they should be han-
dled for profit ; that is, I could divide
and double up colonies, and do much
more with them according to the bee-
books.

I do not know what kind of bees they
are, but unless abused they are easy to
work with. Often, when I am work-
ing with them, I get interested and
handle them quite freely, and am not
nervous with them at any time, yet I
think it best to wear a veil and be on
the safe side. A number of times.

when trying to saw off a limb high up
in a tree, I have had the swarm fall on
my head, and down to the ground in a
shower, but they would at once go back
to the limb, and never seem to know I
was there.

The bother about swarming time is,
there are so many trees, and tall ones,
too, in which the bees cluster. I find
that if they seem inclined to go too
high or not settle, a shower with the
spray-pump settles them — just a mist
so they think it is raining. Sometimes
I put on a trap when I think a swarm
will be coming out, and that way I
have less trouble ; but as I am quite
hard of hearing (not deaf, but unable
to hear low sounds), I can not hear the
queen, nor have I ever been able to see
her, though I often have looked for her
so I could put her into the hive, as
sometimes a swarm seems so contrary
about going in, though maybe the next
swarm that I have will go into the
same hive at once.

Two years ago I was alone when a
swarm issued and clustered high up in
a young oak-tree. I could get to them
all right by using a long ladder, but I
could not bring down the swarm — it
was so very large. I disliked asking a
neighbor to help me, so this is how I
managed :

After cutting away all brush below
the cluster, I carried a small rope up
and put it over a crotch above the bees,
then tied it to the limb holding the
swarm. Then I went down and fast-
ened the other end of the rope ; went
up the tree and sawed the limb off, and
descended and lowered the cluster till
it almost touched the table holding the
hive. As they made no move toward
going in, I gently brushed them down
on the cloth, and in IS minutes there
was no sign of a bee out of the hive,
but they scampered in at once.

It amuses me to read about the pos-
sibility of sisters handling bees, doing
the rough or heavy work, with the ex-
ception of moving the hive when full
of comb, etc. I have done everything
required myself, when no one is here
to help. When I tell you I am in my
56th year, you will agree with me that
climbing trees and all that is no easy
work, but a great many times I do it.

Taking oft" the supers used to be the
hardest for me, as I almost always got
stung, but I got a bee-escape, which
every bee-keeper should use. I put it
in a board as directed, but when it was
put under the super I found that the
honey was so heavy it had sagged in
the center, and that left a space around
the edge where the bees went back and
forth ; and, besides, I did not like so

much handling the bees, so I set my
wits to work and this is the result :

Make a box H inches deep, of proper
inside measure to set a super into. On
the inside, half way down, fasten the
board in which is the escape. Early in
the morning — it is cool then and the
bees are more quiet, I find — set the
prepared box near the hive. Have
ready another super with a cover on.
Take off the super full of honey, and
set it inside the prepared box ; put on
the other super, and there you are. If
you have some one to help it is easier,
but I do not mind in the least doing
the job alone — and you can have your
honey for dinner. Of course, you un-
derstand that the ends of the box be-
low the escape are to be open to allow
the bees to get out, and there is to be a
cleat on the upper side of the board so
as not to crush the bees.

Another improvement, in my opin-
ion, would be to have the metal strips
holding section-holders wide enough
to be seen at the outside of the hive.
A number of times when they are
glued down tight, I have run the knife
above the tin strip and lifted the super-
frame off empty.

The bees are now working well. I
looked in a few times this morning and
they are filling sections. Some are al-
most full, but I do not like to take off
too soon.

Regarding light and dark honey, a
good many prefer the dark, saying it
has a better flavor than the white. I
can not eat honey myself, as it makes
me sick. I try it once in a while,
though, and now and then, if it is old
and dark, it does not hurt me.

Mrs. Gertrude L,. Goodwin.

Roy, Wash., May 1.

As a help against having swarms
settle in high trees, you might try a
plan that some have reported as suc-
cessful. Take 4 poles 6 feet long, or
longer, tie them together near the top,
and then set up the 4 wigwam fash-
ion, with a small bundle of branches
with leaves upon them fastened at the
top, and also a piece of old comb. Of
course, the leaves will wither, but that
may be all the better.

If one swarm settles on it, others
will be more likely to settle in the
same place.

No matter how sharp your hearing,
you would not hear a queen in a
swarm. When flying she makes no
noise different from other bees.

Always glad to hear from you.

Management for Extracted Honey —
"Catty" Molasses vs. Foul-
Broody Honey

If I should run my bees for extracted
honey till they have the benefit of the honey-
tlow, which ends about July 15, I think, up
to this time I would start nuclei, having each
on top of a hive with a laying-queen, with
wire-cloth under it to keep the bees from
going down and carrying up honey from the
lower ones, and to give them the same scent.
At the end of the flow I will set the old col-
ony off by itself, put the nucleus down to re-
ceive the flying bees, with an excluder over
them, and the honey over them to finish
ripening. What would be your opinion of
the results?

When I was a girl I lived with the family
of a man who made sorghum molasses tor the

American l^ee Journal

May 30, 1907

public. He always had lots of molasses to
sell. Being short of barrels he filled one 54
full which had no head in one end, and left it
in an outhouse with a cloth over it to keep
out the dirt. A cat jumped out of the loft
down on the cover and settled down in the
molasses till only its head was above the sur-
face. He pulled it out and washed it off, and
said, " We will use from another barrel and
sell the one the cat was in," and forbade my
saying anything about it. Knowing the
penalty, I obeyed. How would " cat molas-
ses " do to compare with foul-broody honey
on the table of the foul-broody honey-man,
and he knowing the condition}

Mrs. Lauba E. Rudy.
Fairmount, 111., April 7.

I think your plan will work all right
provided your season is long- enough
for the new colonies to build up for
winter with plenty of stores. It may
be necessary for you to feed in order
that the bees have enough. You did

not mention it, but, of course, you give
your nuclei an outside entrance so they
can fly.

Another thing you will need to look
after, that is, to give your colonies
plenty of room to store during the har-
vest, or they will surely swarm. It
will be a great help in preventing
swarming if you give plenty of venti-
lation also. Just slide each upper
story forward, leaving a space large
enough so bees can pass through ; that
will give a good circulation of air,
which aids a good deal in the preven-
tion of swarming.

If obliged to eat either, I would pre-
fer the foul-broody honey to " catty "
molasses. Surplus honey stored by
foul-broody colonies is entirely whole-
some for the human stomach, but I
must say /prefer not to eat it.

Rcf lcctioiiL$^ ,

California Bce-Kceper ^W/

■^

By W. a. Pryal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

Indigo Plant

I never knew this was a honey-pro-
ducer until I saw the bees working
upon its blooms in early April at the
University of California. In fact, it
was not the true indigo-tree that I saw,
but the species known as Indigo/era
Australis—3. plant bearing rather
showy red flowers in early April. It is
a native of Australia, and seems to be
a good bee-plant. I judge that the
true indigo plants, /. anil and /. tine-
toria, yield honey. Plants of each
were introduced into the Southern
States a century and a half ago.

was none. Of these trees I may make
mention later, and use some photo-
graphs I have made of them during the
past couple of years.

The Teasel

Some teasels found their way into
our garden several years ago and be-
came quite a curiosity, for this plant is
a rarity in this portion of California.
The women-folk at our home soon ap-
propriated the tops with a long stem
attached for ornamental and decora-

Tfie Acacias

This is a flower that I have long
recognized as being of benefit to the
bees, at least for pollen during the lat-
ter part of winter and during spring.
I notice that Prof. Cook writes (page
355) in praise of these trees. I endorse
what he states in commendation of the
tree, but I do not think it is of much
value as a nectar-secreting flower. The
tree is grown in greater numbers in
this portion of California than it is in
any other portion of the State that I
ever visited. This reminds me that
some 10 years ago, when some bee-
keepers from the southern counties of
the State visited me, they compli-
mented me upon the beautiful appear-
ance of our orange-trees ; they were
nicer looking trees than they had in
the south. I did not understand at
first, and so stated. They pointed to
some stately specimens of Acacia lati-
folia. There was some resemblance on
casual observation — otherwise there

Teasel.

tive purposes. Even their friends
would carry away some of these " orna-
ments." The plants became interest-
ing to me, as I found bees always
working on the peculiar flowers. From
a small beginning the plants have be-
come quite numerous on our place ; in

fact, we have to hoe out many of them
each year. They grow very freely from
self-sown seed, and are perfectly hardy.
I had been thinking of saving the seed
and scattering it by the roadsides and
through the hills whenever I should
chance to stroll off for a walk. But I
have been a little wary about doing so,
as I find that the " A B C of Bee Cul-
ture " has dropped the article on this
plant from the last edition of that
work.

Prof . Cook, in his " Guide," speaks
well of the plant as a honey-producer.
G. M. Doolittle praises it very highly
in one of the early volumes of Glean-
ings in Bee Culture. Why it has been
dropped from an encyclopixdia on bees
and honey I do not pretend to know,
unless the compiler was convinced that
it was of insufficient importance as a
honey-secreting plant. If this were so,
the caption should have been retained
and a few lines made to follow, stating
that the plant is no longer worthy of
the consideration of bee-keepers. As
a honey-plant I believe it is all right ;
I should be afraid, though, that it might
become a troublesome weed. Who in
this State knows all about its honey-
value ? The spinous fruit-heads are
no longer of value in the preparation
of woolen cloth, as machinery has
taken its place, so Prof. Cook says.

Judas-Tree and Red-Bud

I never knew how pretty a sight this
tree could make until I saw a couple of
good-sized specimens in bloom the
first week in April. Though not the
most showy, Cercis siliquasirum seems
to be the most thrifty and a profuse
bloomer. Its nodding pink pea-shaped
flowers are as attractive to humans on
account of their prettiness as they are
to the bees on account of the nectar
they contain. The flowers appear be-
fore the leaves, and this adds to the
plant's attractiveness. This variety
is called "Judas-Tree," and is a native
of Southern Europe and Western Asia.

C. occidentalis. also called C. Calijor-
nica (red-bud), is found in a wild state
in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in the
Golden State. Every garden should
contain at least a specimen each of
these trees.

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year—
both for $1.10. Send all orders to the oflice
of the American Bee Journal.

Anierikanisclie Bienenznclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for ^l.To. Address
all orders to this office.

May 30, 1907

"yi^jEjjfe^' — ^C

453

American ^ee Jonrnal

Bees as Blossom Fertilizers

BY C. P. DADANT

Since the publication in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal of ray articles concern-
ing spraying of fruit-blossoms, and the
usefulness of the bees in the fertiliza-
tion of flowers, I have had letters from
a number of bee-keepers and fruit-
growers. The sentiment is now very
clearly on all sides in favor of waiting
to spray until the bloom his disap-
peared. Even one of the dealers in
sprayers, who, until lately has recom-
mended to spray trees during bloom,
has changed his advice to " spraying
when the bloom is beginning to drop."
The very strong assertion made by
Senator Dunlap, that " no intelligent
horticulturist will hereafter spray dur-
ing bloom " is bearing its fruits and
helping our cause.

Allow me to add another testimony
to that already gathered on this sub-
ject. W. T. Gary, of Wakenda, Mo.,
requested one of his bee-friends to in-
form me of his experience with bloom
spraying, and I received the following
terse letter which is the more weighty
for its conciseness :

Chillicothe, Mo., March 23, 1907.

Mr. C. p. Dadant:— There is a man in the

neighborhood who sprayed his apple-trees in

full bloom-, consequently he destroyed his

apple crop and killed a great many of my bees.

Yours truly, G. W. Babb.

However, it is necessary to state that
spraying must not be long delayed
after the bloom, in the case of the ap-
ple, for the destruction of the codling-
moth, and we find in Bulletin No. 114,
of the Agricultural Experiment Station
of the University of Illinois, the follow-
ing remark :

"Taking into consideration the variation
in the different clusters on the same tree, and
the fact that the calyx cavities can be more
readily reached by the spray if the calyx is
entirely open, rather than partially closed, it
is probable that the entire orchard should be
sprayed within 7 days from the time that
most petals have fallen."

They add that in a mixed orchard
spraying may be commenced upon the
earlier blossoming varieties before the
others are ready.

But I did not sit at my desk to talk
spraying ; what I meant to do was to
give another evidence of the usefulness
of the honey-bee in bloom fertilization.

I have an orchard of 2 acres, one-
third in Kieffer pears, the other two-
thirds in Duchess. Every orchardist
knows that the Kieffer pear is a very
bad self-fertilizer, and that it is neces-
sary to have other trees among the
Kieffers to help fertilize the bloom.
Nurserymen usually recommend the
Garber pear for this purpose. It is very

similar to the Kieft'er, and a very
strong grower -in most respects a pear
like the KielTcr. In our case, the
Duchess being only a short distance
away, has always proven sufficient to
help the Kieffers out, and our crops
have been large, even too large for the
good of the trees.

This spring the trees opened into
bloom at the beginning of the cold
April weather, and remained in bloom
for nearly 2 weeks with hardly an hour
of sunshine sufficient for the bees to
work on the blossom. The result is,
that even with the best fertilizers the
Duchess trees have less than a third of
the fruit on that they usually have.
But the Kieffers, which have been left
to their own resources for pollen-fertil-
ization, have only a fruit here and
there, evidently produced in the very
short time during which the bees came
to them. A neighbor who has none
other than the Kieffer in one orchard,
has not a single fruit on the trees. The
other varieties of pears were evidently
too far away for any bees to visit both
in the exceedingly short time allowed
them by the weather.

It has been stated, time and again,
that there are varieties of strawberries
which require the agency of insects for
fertilization, as they are deprived of
stamens and must be fertilized by the
pollen of other varieties ; but very few
people have stopped to think that when
any tree or plant which has been
domesticated becomes an ineffectual
self-fertilizer, the bees are impera-
tively needed to help them out.

The honey-bee has been accused of
carrying the blight from one tree to
another among the pear trees, as if
there was no other method by which
the fungus of this disease could be car-
ried from tree to tree in an orchard.
The same people who are so prompt to
call the bee to account for imaginary
damages, fail to bear in mind that in
many cases they would have no fruit at
all were it not for the pollen-bearers,
which, unconsciously, do the work that
no other agency could do as well as
they.

So we may rejoice in thelittle honey-
bee, for the more we investigate the
better we see its usefulness in more
ways than one.

Hamilton, 111.

Clipping Queens' Wings, Etc.

BY PROF. A. J. COOK

I am requested to give the reasons,
pro and con, for clipping the wings of
the queen-bee. I am glad to do this,
as it is to my miad a well-established
fact that it is always advisable to do
this, and in some cases it is a tremen-

dous advantage. We know of a cer-
tainty that the bees will never swarm
and go off unless the queen goen with
them. They may come forth from the
hive, and often will do so, and will also
often cluster with no queen following
them, but unless the queen joins the
bees they will in all and every case go
back and not go off to start a new
home. Of course, it would not do them
any good to go forth without a queen,
as with no queen and no eggs to rear
one they would soon dwindle away and
come to nothing. The purpose of the
clipping, then, is obvious. We may
lose our queen, as she may wander out
and fail to return to the hive and be
lost, but the colony can not be lost, at
least not till a new queen is reared in
the old colony.

In case a farmer keeps bees, and
does not wish to remain about the api-
ary all day at the swarming season, he
can have his wife or some child keep
watch, and as the bees swarm out the
watcher marks the hive and catches
and cages the queen, which is easily
and quickly don^, and as the farmer
comes to the house at noontide or later,
he can divide the colony or proceed as
his plan dictates, and so arrange for
the safety of his bees with no loss, and
in the cheapest way possible.

My brother has kept bees for years,
and with marked success, and at the
same time runs a stock and berry farm.
He told me last summer, as he has
often told me before, that he finds his
bees by no means the least profitable
part of his ranch or farm, and he
would be slow to part with them. He
manages the swarming as just sug-
gested. He would not feel that he
could give time to remain with the
bees, and he would be even more slow
to have his wife bothered with the
hiving, but she makes no objection at
all to watching and caging the queens,
and so the whole matter of swarming
is easily and cheaply managed.

I have never heard but three objec-
tions urged to the practise of clipping
queens. The first is that it injures the
queens, and so is unwise. I do not be-
lieve that it is an injury to the queen
at all. I have practised this plan for
years, and so far as I could see the
clipped queens were no whit behind the
others in performance. Indeed, the
ants do this very thing themselves ;
that is, the worker ants bite off the
wings of the queens, and surely the
queen-ants seem to lose no potency or
virility by this pruning. No, the
queens are not made any the less pro-
lific, and are in every way as good.

It has also been claimed that the
bees are more likely to supersede the
queen if her wings were clipped.
Long experience and close observation
make me very sure that this is not true.
The third point urged is that it some-
what injures the appearance of the
queen. This may be so, but as we see
the queen so seldom I should hardly
think that this could be urged very
seriously.

How TO Clip.

Some claim to be nimble enough to
clip the queen as she walks on the
comb. I could never succeed this way.
I catch the queen by the wings with
my right hand, then grasp her by the

454

American ^ae Journal

May 30, 1907

thorax gently with the left hand, and,
with delicate scissors held in the right,
I clip the right front wing about one-
half distance from the tip. Some claim
to keep the age of the queen by clip-
ping one-half of the other right wing
the second year, the left front one the
third year, and the last one the fourth
year. This may be done if desired,
but I do not think it will usually be
any signal advantage.

I always clip my young queens as
soon as I am sure that they are laying.
I must see eggs in the cells before I
clip, as in case we clip before the
queen has met the drone we ruin her,
as they fly forth to mate ; and in case
the queen has been clipped she can not
fly forth, and so will always be a drone-
layer ; hence of no use at all.

Bees and Pollination.

Our fruit-men are coming more and
more to recognize the importance of
bees in cross-pollinating the fruit.
They are generally recognizing — at
least the best informed fruit-growers —
that unless we have warm days during
fruit-bloom the crop will usually set
only a partial crop. I have just had a
trip among the big fruit-men of the
Sacramento Valley, and was pleased
to find that they very generally con-
sent to the view that good weather is
very desirable during the blooming
season. Many are sure that there
must be bees to visit the bloom or the
crop in many cases will be light. As
our fruit-men become better informed,
there will be much less complaint re-
garding the injury of fruit by bees, but
much more contention that the bees
are necessary to full crops. One of
the most intelligent and prosperous
fruitgrowers that I know in California,
makes it a point to induce a large bee-
keeper to keep his bees in his orchard.
As there are large alfalfa fields close
by, and as the orchardist has a large
planting of all kinds of deciduous
fruits, they find this plan mutually
beneficial.

Pbar-Blight and Bees.

I find also that the bees are not com-
ing in for so much complaint from the
pear-growers. Indeed it is found as I
predicted it would be, that there are
always enough insects to scatter the
pear-blight, and would be even were
there no bees at all. It is found that
by extreme thoroughness and vigilance
the blight can be held in control. It
is also demonstrated that unless the
utmost caution is practised the blight
will conquer. It is a case where it
pays well to be vigilant and tremen-
dously energetic, for pears are a very
profitable fruit, and will become more
and more so, as so many will not go to
the fight with sleeves rolled up.

It seems more than likely that those
who fight to the knife will be amply
rewarded. Had I a fine orchard I
would go at this enemy full tilt, and
would win, and would reap a splendid
reward. I would do one thing more :
I would get all my neighbors to fight
with me, as all must fight to bring the
full success. In case some would not
fight it would be well, if one could do
so, to rent the trees of such an one, as
trees not watched and pruned become
a center of infection of all surround-

ing trees, and so with each blossoming
season the inoculating germs are sown
broadcast.

It is splendid that our scientists have
discovered that this malady is con-
trollable, but it is unfortunate that the
cure is so expensive, and also that the
cure must be universally applied or it
will be unsatisfactory. It seems that
the disease is spread through the propo-
lis or gum as readily as through the
nectar.

Claremont, Calif.

Shallow Hives and Short Cuts
in Bee- Keeping

BY J. E. CHAMBERS.

On page 304 I see an article by Dr.
Bohrer, entitled, " The Construction
and Manipulation of Hives." In this
article the good Doctor falls into the
common error of supposing that the
shallow hive means necessarily a shal-
low brood-chamber. In this connec-
tion I wish to say that I do not here
desire to offer any argument against
the claim he advances, that bees win-
ter-kill more in shallow hives than
they do in deep ones. This kind of
stuff has been refuted too often to need
any notice here ; besides, while I do
not live in quite as cold a climate as Dr.
Bohrer, we do have some quite cold
weather here, and I have known bees
to become frost-bound and perish in
deep hives, but never in shallow ones.

But Dr. Bohrer's hole bored through
the center of the combs to enable the
bees to pass from side to side is the ex-
planation of the whole thing. This
very movement is secured by the space
through the center, and between the
top and bottom bars of the divisible
hive.

But the main points on which the
venerable Doctor is wrong, according
to my experience, which covers a period
of some IS years' use of shallow hives,
is where he says that he does not see
how we find the queen-cells. Why,
bless your soul. Doctor, that is the
easiest, the quickest, and the surest of
all the manipulations capable of being
performed with the shallow hive. With
my hive the frames are clamped to-
gether by a knob that yields to pres-
sure, and when examining for cells I
can divide the hive through the center
and tilt the upper case on end, allow-
ing it to rest on the upper part of the
bottom chamber, and with thumb and
forefinger turn the combs apart an
inch or two, and see every square inch
of comb-surface in the hive, and with-
out removing even one comb.

Regarding the finding of queens, I
will say that I have lately been much
pleased with a few words contained in
an article by Mr. Alexander, which
lately appeared in Gleanings, in which
he says that the young honey-pro-
ducers of the future can not long re-
main in the ruts that we older men
have made, but must with renewed per-
severance push forward until they have
made great improvement in the meth-
ods now in use. I fully indorse all this
and go still further, that the everlast-
ing hunting of queens and continual
tearing up of the brood-nest is the pro-
lific cause of more harm than is any

other one thing. A man who can not
tell the condition of a queen by the
work she is doing, has, to say the
least, missed his calling, and is strug-
gling in one of Alexander's ruts.

Another splendid thing I heard at
the San Antonio convention was con-
tained in the paper of Mr. Town-
send, where he said. Don't do the
things with the bees that they
can do just as well as you can ; and
don't handle brood-frames. These few
words were worth the cost of the trip
to me, and compensated for the other
disappointing features of that noted
convention ; not that it was new to
me, but there is always to the mind of
a dullard, like myself, at least some
satisfaction in knowing that he is in
good company in some of his beliefs. I
have just mentioned these things in
order to illustrate how I have been for
years trying to cut out every unneces-
sary manipulation.

I keep good stock, and as long as a
queen keeps her colony strong she is
in every way satisfactory to me. When
one fails I immediately know it by the
decreasing strength of the colony, and
at once slip one of my requeening
boards between the upper and lower
section of the brood-chamber, and
without removing the old queen intro-
duce a young one at one and the same
operation.

In this connection I may mention
that I requeen all colonies that make
preparations to swarm by the use of
my non-swarming board. This makes
it unnecessary to watch those bees that
have young queens. However, I will
say for Dr. Bohrer's information, that
I find queens whenever by chance I
need to do so by the use of a simple
mechanical device which I call a queen-
trap. You are aware of the fact that a
queen when trying to escape from the
fumes of smoke will run into any crack
or crevice. This device consists of a
thin board with 4 transverse openings
in it, arranged so as to allow the bees
a free passage through by means of
escapes of wire, but when it is in opera-
tion the queen, after passing through
with the rest of the bees, is caught and
automatically caged, so the apiarist
can give her attention when and how
he pleases. The whole operation takes
but a minute or two.

These are but a few of the ways and
short cuts by which I manage to do
the things easily that others complain
so much of. I do not write much for
publication or otherwise court noto-
riety, but I am following the course
mentioned by Mr. Alexander ; that is,
trying to find out improved methods,
and in a way at least I have succeeded.
In many things I am not orthodox, but
I always did hate that word ; it means
to me the throttling of individuality
and the strangling of every higher
aspiration. I don't intend to follow in
the same ruts that others do, even
though my way is not so good as theirs.
In my methods I have shortened the
time required to enable me to accom-
plish most of the manipulations neces-
sary in the managing of my business,
and that suits me exactly, though it
may not give the same measure of sat-
isfaction to others.

Vigo, Tex.

[We would be pleased to have Mr.

May 30, 1907

455

American Me Journal

Chambers describe more fully his re-
queening- and non-swarminp boards,
and their use. Perhaps he has some
pictures of them that could be used to
make everything^ plainer. — Editor.]

The American Bee-Keepers
Criticised. With Side-
Lights of German
Bee- Keeping

BY F. GREINBR

Dr. Bruennich, of Zurich, accuses
the American bee-keeper (in Leips.
Bztg.) of esteeming no one higher
than himself; that he regards himself
smarter, as we often say, than the bee-
keeper of any other country ; that he
is a long ways ahead of all, and that
all nations have a reason to look up to
him. In the line of practical results
the Doctor may make some conces-
sions, but he says bee-keeping on the
large American scale is an absolute
impossibility in Europe. In the line
of breeding we have not even learned
the a b c. In breeding fowls he thinks
we have made achievements, but in
breeding bees we can show nothing.
As a characteristic proof he cites from
Gleanings : The $200 red clover queen
that did not reproduce herself in her
daughter — nay, that she did not pro-
duce even one daughter her equal ; and
that Root is now willing to give S500
for a queen as good as the one spoken
about. Dr. Bruennich holds that this
lack of stableness has no other cause
than our crazy passion for new races
of bees, and the constant crossing
which has resulted in a cross without
any fixedness. He censures us for im-
porting all sorts of bees — Italians, Car-
niolans. Funics, Cyprians, and now
the Caucasians — and possibly some
other races that Prof. Benton may
have hunted out on his trip around the
world. We dream of the ideal bee, but
are very far from it. A similar craze
was raging in Europe some years ago,
he says, but they have freed themselves
from it, and they have found that by
keeping a race pure they can attain
that stableness desired, which makes
their " Switzer Bee " reproduce itself.
The purer their bees the surer they
transmit their qualities to their off-
spring ; we know that particularly in
breeding bees it is a most dangerous
sport to keep crossing our bees, mix-
ing in new blood. Just as long as the
bee-keeping masses are not enlight-
ened by their press, so long there will
be no stable American bee, but simply
hybrids. The Doctor is apparently
pretty well posted, for he says : The
black bee is constantly being run down,
although such a bee in its pureness
does not exist any more in America.

How nearly right Dr. B. is in his
analysis and criticism I can not say,
but it may do us good to see ourselves
once as others see us. If the Ameri-
cans have been guilty of looking down
upon their European brothers in the
past, it is my impression the Ameri-
cans have been treated similarly by the
Europeans. It, however, seems to me
that of late years we have become bet-
ter acquainted with each other, and

that superior feeling is fast giving
away to esteem. Conditions are so
totally different on the different con-
tinents that it is difficult for one to set
himself up as a judge. If the reader
will bear with me I will give him an
example of a practise that would per-
haps not appeal to him as one to fol-
low in America, and yet in Europe it is
all right :

lienerally speaking, bee-keeping is
not carried on in Germany as a pro-
fession as is the case in America ; still
in certain parts of Germany it is. The
"heath beekeepers" have a great
reputation. Their hives are straw-
skeps ; their heath-bee is much like
the Carniolan bee, inasmuch as they
are great on swarming. The swarms
are all hived, and the heavy colonies
are brimstoned in the fall, also driven,
and the bees sold. There exists a reg-
ular trade in these bees in the fall,
many less fortunate beekeepers pur-
chasing them to strengthen their weak
colonies. The hives full of comb and
honey are an article of commerce.
Some of these bee-keepers go to a
large city like Hamburg, Berlin,
Bremen, etc., and take a hundred or
more of the beeless hives with them.
They rent a little room in an out-of-
the-way corner of the city, where they
do their work. Evenings the combs
are cut out of the hives and assorted in
trays.

During the day they peddle the honey

on the street ; they are neatly dressed,
white apron and cap, carrying the
honey in a neat, clean, wooden tray
with nickel trimmings. It can not be
denied that such honey, presented in
this fashion, attracts, often more than
our beautiful honey in sections. It is
certainly much cheaper to produce
such honey than such as we produce,
and still it brings twice as much as we
are realizing. There are no compli-
cated honey-cases or supers with
cleated separators, no sections to buy ;
no work with frame hives, wiring
frames, buying comb foundation, etc.
When the honey is cut out of the straw-
skeps the empty shells are shipped
back home and are ready again to ac-
cept new swarms. It is a simple
method, with few expenses. What
American, up-to-date comb-honey pro-
ducer would want to advise these men
to adopt American hives and American
methods as long as the dear public is
willing to pay good prices for these
honeys of the Eueneburg-heath bee-
keeper ?

Some of us may have looked down
upon these beekeepers who have prac-
tised such methods for many, many
years, and do not seem to advance.
But when we look into the matter we
will find redeeming features even in
such bee-keeping, and we will also find
many a " bee-master " in the ranks of
these men.

Naples, N. Y.

C^oiivention

^

Report of the 37th Annual Conven-
tion of the National Bee-Keepers*
Association, held in San An-
tonio, Tex., Nov. 8-10, '06

(Contiaued from pa§re 436.)

Getting a Larger Convention At-
tendance.

"While endeavoring to increase the
membership to the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association, would it not be well
to try to touch the tariff on passenger
transportation, whereby more members
might be enabled to attend the National
Bee-Keepers' Convention, and see new
flowers bloom, bees' tongues grow long-
er, and, indeed, see honey grow sweet-
er? I believe such a move would bring
many into the National, who to-day are
non-members."

Mr. Holekamp — A cheaper rate can
easily be obtained if there are enough
bee-keepers attending a meeting.

Mr. Kimmey — You can always ob-
tain a special rate by going before the
proper authorities, and by getting 100
members.

Mr. Anderson— Now, then, right there
is the point. Some of us can not even
get a return iicket, while some got great

reductions. I believe this thing should
be taken up in the proper way, and we
will all be treated right. There are a
great many sorrowful-looking faces back
our way, just simply because the rail-
road companies said they knew nothing
about our convention. Some of them
got so disgusted that they thought that
if the Association would not look out
for us so as to get rates, we were not
wanted, and we will drop out; but if
you swell a fellow's pocket a little, and
they see they are going to get a reduced
rate, it will be an inducement to bring
them in.

Mr. Kimmey — I move that the Gen-
eral Manager be instructed to make ar-
rangements with the different Passen-
ger Associations for reduced rates to
and from all annual meetings here-
after.

Dr. Bohrer— I second the motion.

The motion as put was unanimously
carried.

Mr. France— I have tried to secure
these rates so far as my influence would
go. I believe that the rates from the
different places should be considered.
What rate can we secure if we go there,
and it is almost depends upon the rate!
Now we would not have met in St!

456

May 30, 1907

American "Bee Journal

Louis two years ago if it had not been
for the World's Fair and the cheap
rates; and then we promised to come
here last year, and the railroads granted
a special rate, but the yellow fever
broke out. Then the question was.
Where can we go? and the nearest to
it was the Chicago International Live
Stock Show, in December; then we
came here this year. I have been trying
to do what I could for you in that
line.

Mr. Stone— I would ask Mr. France
if these rates can not be gotten every
two weeks. We can secure these rates
the first and third Tuesdays every
month, just as we did this time.

Mr. France — Yes, sir; there was a
definite promise in favor of Texas, and
they had been put off, and were get-
ting tired of that.

Mr. Anderson— I was angry about
this, but I came on, anyhow, and I was
going to find out if other bee-keepers
were treated the same way. The first
thing I went into the Santa Fe office and
asked if there were any reduced rates
to Texas, and the agent said he did not
know of any just now. He said, "What
part of Texas do vou want to go to?"
and I said, "San Antonio." He looked
at his book and said, "Beginning on the
4th the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is there, and I will give you the
single round-trip plus 50 cents, good un-
til the 15th." Now, see, the National
Bee-Keepers' Association had something
to do with it there. I believe that Mr.
France has done all that he could; but
let's better it.

Mr. Holekamp— There is a blank on
which these people can secure rates.
If we have enough to go, there is no
trouble about securing rates.

Pres. Dadant— I think I can throw a
little light upon this. I received several
letters from railroad companies. All the
meetings of the associations are_ an-
nounced in a special sheet published
specially to give notice of all the asso-
ciation meetings in the United States.
Ours was published in that sheet, and
I received two letters from them; all
they wanted were the delegates' names.
I have tried this in getting rates. Rates
are promised if you have 100 dele-
gates; if you have 99 you can not get
them. So you see the railroads do know
something about us. The superintend-
ent wrote to me asking the names of
our members, but they wanted a large
crowd to go; they are not giving these
rates out of kindness, it is simply to
make money. If you can assure them
a profit they will give us rates; other-
wise they will not.

Pres. Dadant— There are two papers
which have not been received, one by
Mr. R. F. Holtermann, of Ontario,
Canada, on "The Difference Between
Ripening and Evaporating Nectar ;" and
one by Mr. C. A. Hatch, of Wisconsm,
who says he would prefer to re-prepare
his paper and then send it in for pub-
lication, if admissible. Now, if there
is no objection we will insert them in
the published report. Under those con-
ditions I think we are through with the
business. I have been asked to state
that the Bee-Disease Inspectors meet
hers on Monday, and I hope that
every member will attend. Dr. Phil-

Hps and Dr. White will both be present.
Mr. France — Some have asked me if
there will be anything e.xcept lectures
in regard to diseases. Yes, there will
be demonstrations and samples of foul
brood. It is important that you stay.

Dr. Phillips — I wish to say that the
inspectors have been meeting together,
and have been studying up on these mat-
ters. It therefore behooves the inspec-
tors to get together and learn all they
can. For that reason, Mr. France, Mr.
Hutchinson, and myself, met ^ in Mil-
waukee to talk over this subject, and
we decided to call a meeting of all
the inspectors we could reach, and the
place we finally decided upon was San
Antonio. We are going to have quite
a number of inspectors here, and the
main thing is, the proceedings will be
published, and the papers that are read
will be available for the persons that
are unable to attend. Dr. White, who
has done the best work, will be here
Monday for the meeting, prepared to
give a demonstration of the work that
has been done. My part will be that
of reviewing or pointing out where mis-
takes have been made. I have in my
possession papers from two or three
inspectors. I will also have present
copies of the Foul Brood Laws of the
United States and the members will
inspect them and pass resolutions; and
many things will come up for discus-
sion.

Pres. Dadant — The Secretary says
there are two questions left. We will
hear them.

American Breeders' Association.

"Should not the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association become a member of
the American Breeders' Association?"
Dr. Phillips — I suggested this for this
reason: Last year we had something
to say about the American Breeders'
Association. That Association is com-
posed of men in all lines of breeding
work, and the object is to discuss the
methods that they employ in improving
the plant or animal on which they are
working. The laws that are behind
breeding are perhaps few in number ;
there are certain underlying principles
to be considered. For that reason I
am very anxious that the bee-keepers,
who are interested in the breeder's
side of the industry, should become
more interested. The bee-keepers can
aid in this way, or express their ap-
proval, by becoming a member, by pay-
ing the annual dues of $1.00 per year,
for the whole National Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Mr. Kimmey — I move that the Gen-
eral Manager be instructed to apply
for membership.

Pres. Dadant — It is moved and sec-
onded that the General Manager be
instructed to apply for membership in
the American Breeders' Association
by paying the fee. All in favor of this
say, "Aye."
The motion was carried.

Effect of the National Pure Food
Bill.

"What effect has the passage of Hep-
burn Pure Food Bill on the sale of adul-
terated honey?"

Pres. Dadant— I have had some par-

ticular experience along that line. We
have several wholesale grocers, and
they have been selling adulterated
honey. I went to one dealer and
told him that we wanted pure honey
handled. He said, "I have had to han-
dle adulterated honey, because every-
body does it, but I don't like to do it.
We are glad of that law and we will
be glad to handle your honey."

Miscellaneous.

Mr. York— I want to refer again to
the amendment proposed this afternoon.
I was Secretary of the Los Angeles
Convention, and Mr. W. F. Marks was
then Chairman of the Committee on
Amendments. I remember at that time
that the convention approved of the
amendment, so I think that we have
done the proper thing with this amend-
ment this afternooon, because I am sure
that a majority of those present would
not approve of the amendment proposed.
The Constitution is very plain, and
that was the way it was proposed to
amend it in Los Angeles, which was
perfectly proper.

A Member — Before we adjourn, there
is one other business proposition. With
the kindness of the Department of Api-
culture to come here and hold an In-
spectors' Meeting, there is no provision
for the publication and report of what
is said and done next Monday, so that
we could all get copies of the same.
There is no provision, as I understand,
for a reporter to take the proceedings.
It will therefore be necessary for us to
furnish a reporter. The reporter we have
engaged for the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, if I mistake not, is will-
ing to stay over and report for this
meeting, but that is independent of this
Convention, and if we could raise the
amount by subscription I would gladly
see that done; because the information
we will obtain on bee-diseases next
Monday is worth a big contribution.

Mr. Victor — I wish to say that the
Texas Bee-Keepers' Association will
donate the necessary amount. I wish
also to state this about the bouquet that
has been presented to Dr. Bohrer : At
the first session he said he would like
to shake hands with him, if there were a
Confederate soldier here. This bouquet
was given as a token of regard from
the South for the sentiments expressed
by Dr. Bohrer.

Dr. Bohrer — The language of the
flowers is peculiar, and no one has ever
been able to express them fully. At
funerals, when our friends lie down and
die and leave us, we put a bouquet in
their hands; at the wedding feast the
women and the bride are decorated
with flowers. Flowers carry with them
everything that speaks of refinement, of
sympathy, and of purity. Nothing per-
haps of the three kingdoms carry with
them such loud e.xpressions as flow-
ers. We have made it a custom up
North, when we decorate the graves
of the Federal Soldiers, not to forget
the Confederates. I don't want to say
any more. [Dr. Bohrer as well as many
others were almost in tears at this
point.]

Pres. Dadant — If there is no more
business, I wish to thank the members

May 30, 1907

457

American Vae Journal

for their kindness and attention during
the sessions of this Convention.

Dr. Bohrcr — I move that we adjourn.

Mr. Parsons — I second the motion.

The motion was put, and carried, thus
adjourning to meet at the call of the
Executive Committee in 1907.

The following paper by C. A. Hatch,
of Richland Center, Wis., was not read
at the convention, as Mr. Hatch was not
then fully prepared on it, hence there
was no discussion:

WHAT CAN THE NATIONAL DO
FOR ITS MEMBERS?

I am not among the number who think
the National Bee-Keepers' Association
should take up the bee-supply business,
neither do I think it should go into the
direct selling and handling of honey;
this is too large a country for that,
the interests of each section are so
varied, the grades of honey are so vari-
ous, that mountains of difficulty loom
up at all points ; while they may not be
insurmountable, the difficulties are too
many to think of with comfort. So let
us look at things yet undone which are
less complicated.

To reach the highest success there
must be the best feeling and greatest
confidence among members. Loyalty
should be the watchword of the mem-
bership— this breeds confidence, and
confidence gives self-respect. There is
no place for jealousy or suspicion in a
successful society.

It should be a sort of " clearing-
house" for its members, of ideas as well

C. A. Hatch.

as actual products. Not that the prod-
ucts of the membership should be act-
ually handled, but members should be
placed in such close touch with each other
that each would know what all are do-
ing in the way of producing and selling
honey and wax ; this leaves no place for
secrets.
The Secretary or General Manager

should be able at any time to furnish
to members or dealers the exact amount
of bee-products held by each member,
and at what price it could be put on the
cars. H a dealer ordered a certain
amount of honey of the General Mana-
ger, he should be able to fill it from
the nearest member having that grade
of goods to sell, to the mutual benefit
of both producer and dealer.

He who thinks the National can dic-
tate prices and "hold up" the consumer
for an advance, is harboring a delusion,
besides fostering a principle that has
given us over to the power of the trusts.

That the producer does not get all he
is entitled to is self-evident, but he has,
as a rule, no one to blame but himself;
for no sooner does a large crop come to
him, and his neighbors, than they all
rush it into the nearest market, with the
result that they each compete with the
other, and the market goes to smash,
and freight and commission consume
what ought to have been a fair com-
pensation.

The sooner we learn that the interests
of dealer and producer require that each
should be fully informed as to crop ot
each year, the better; and do not for a
moment imagine you can get ahead of
the dealer and get inside information
before he does ; he has correspondents
in every neighborhood that keep him in-
formed, and it remains to inform our-
selves as well, and be prepared to act
intelligently, thereby will we be able to
ask for our crop what it is worth, with
the certainty that we will get it. The
mere fact that you are a member of the
great National Bee-Keepers" Associa-
tion is not going to help you the least;
help can come only from facts and sta-
tistics which it can furnish, and if you
would get benefit from these you must
be prompt to do your share toward mak-
ing them full and complete; give and
you shall receive, withhold, and what
you seem to have shall be taken away.

Some seem to think that the mere fact
that you are a member is going to give you
an advantage in the market for supplies
that others have not. If you have that
kind of a bee in your hat, get it out
quickly, for nothing is further from the
facts. No can company or supply dealer
cares one cent how many societies you
belong to; all he cares is how many
cans you want and your ability to pay
for them. I know that something to
rather disprove this last assertion has
been sent to members, yet I am willing
to stand by it, for there are facts to
back it up.

If you and your neighbors can jointly
use a carload of supplies of any kind,
then, and then only, can you demand re-
duction from the dealer ; and you are
working against your own interest if
you do not avail yourselves of the dis-
count on price and saving on freight-
rates. If you think some supply dealer
is building up a trust, deal with some
other one ; there are plenty of factories
in this broad land of ours, and the sup-
ply dealer can nc't live without patron-
age; on the other hand, neither can we
as producers gel along without supply
dealers. Do iifit let us waste strength
kicking one aiinther, for each is de-
pendent on the other.

Another way in which members can

be helped is by furnishing them informa-
tion as to reliability of commission men
and dealers in the cities. One corre-
spondent at each distributing center
could easily do this, and save much loss
and trouble. With fair knowledge as to
amount of honey produced each year,
and a knowledge as to whom to deal
with, producers can stand some show
of getting reasonable prices.

C. A. Hatch.

The following paper, by Mr. R. F.
Iloltcrmann, of Brantford, Ont., was
received too late to be read at the Con-
vention.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
RIPENING NECTAR IN THE
HIVE AND EVAPORAT-
ING IT ARTIFICIALLY

The subject which has been assigned
to me has, I am sure, much about it
as yet unknown, and yet probably of
much practical value to the bee-keeper
in making him put a better article upon
the market, and assisting him in the
sale of it ; and to the consumer in
showing him wherein lies, in part at
least, the superiority of honey to all
other sweets, fats and starchy products,
as a food.

The apiarian body will contradict it-
self in the value of honey as long as
some of its members claim what has
been proven as to the nature of honey,
and other members claim that honey or
nectar taken from the hive freshly
gathered and evaporated outside of the
hive is the equal of that which has
gone through all the stages in the hive
until capped and fully evaporated to
the consistency of well-ripened honey.

The obvious superiority of honey
over many other products as a food,
lies in part in its source — fragrant blos-
soms. It is gathered by the most fas-
tidious and cleanly insect known ; this
insect storing the honey, and in the
process of ripening the nectar, in the
combs and moving it about from cell
to cell, inverting the saccharine sub-
stance and making in reality a pre-
digested food. Such foods are highly
prized, and in other lines very high
prices must be paid for them. Nor is
this all. Honey is not only a sweet,
but it contains an essential oil, im-
parting to it an aroma peculiar to the
source from which it springs; this with
our commercial honey, pleasing the pal-
ate and bringing into beneficial action
the organs of digestion and assimila-
tion. That the honey in the process
of production before explained, is in-
verted, has been proven, the latest evi-
dence being by Prof. Phillips, of the
Washington Apiarian Experimental
Station.

We know that during the process of
evaporating nectar outside of the hive,
no honey will be inverted. We can
therefore not contend that the pro-
duct of this artificial ripening is as
valuable as that of the more natural
process. Some may not be willing —
more, I know some are not willing —
to recognize this inversion by the bee.
The question of the fact is not de-
pendent upon such a recognition any
more than that the fact that my friend

458

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

will not recognize me proves that 1
am non-existent.

Formic Acid.

That the percentage of formic acid
varies in various honeys, we know.
Some 8 years ago, when conducting a
series of experiments for the Ontario
Government, I discovered this, and the
experiment has since been verified in
Europe. Finding that when bees
worked on buckwheat the sting was
more painful, I thought that the per-
centage of formic acid in buckwheat
honey might be greater than in white
honey. A sample of clover and also
of buckwheat honey was analyzed, and
it was found in the sample sent that
buckwheat had about twice as much
formic acid as clover honey. I have
since realized that this experiment was
very crude, and in this direction (for-
mic acid) there is still open a wide
field for research. We do not yet know
if the percentage of formic acid in
honey varies in varieties of bees. That
is, do Italian, black, Cyprian, Caucasian,
etc., show a marked difference in this
respect? If not, do individual colonies
show the difference? Does honey gath-
ered early have less formic acid than
honey gathered late, irrespective of the
source? If so, may it be because honey
gathered early has longer time and
more favorable conditions under which
it can thicken and be less liable to fer-
ment than that gathered later? At
what stage, or stages, of ripening is the
formic acid put in by the bees, and
how? Is it added to as are the secre-
tions which invert the honey, or is it
added through the organ of defence?
I am not afraid to uphold or condemn
the "sting trowel theory." In part it
may be correct. Is this formic acid
valuable, and do the bees keep adding
it as it is being ripened? If so, nec-
tar evaporated outside of the hive will
vary in this respect. I would guess
that formic acid is added to the nec-
tar in its early stages of evaporation,
to prevent fermentation, for without
the formic acid in warm and muggy
weather, the condition would be fav-
orable to start fermentation, the tem-
perature of the hive never being high
enough to destroy the germs of fer-
mentation floating in the atmosphere
passed through the hive.

The formic acid may also be there
to disinfect the honey to be fed to the
larvae, to prevent the spread of diseas-
es peculiar to bees. The constitutional
strength of the bee, the vigor of the
bacillus, and the percentage of formic
acid in the honey, may all have a bear-
ing upon the spread of disease in the
hive, and may be a factor in the degree
oi immunity from diseases of certain
strains of bees. When the above points
are answered, we can better answer
what is the difference between ripen-
ing nectar in the hive and evaporating
it artificially.

Aroma.

As to the diflference in the aroma or
flavor, it may be that the formic acid
in combination with the essential oil,
causes the flavor or aroma to undergo
a change. This I do not know. The
milder honey, however, changes its

flavor less than more pronounced flav-
ors in the process of ripening. It may
be that if there is no essential oil, the
formic acid would not have an oil to
combine with, and so the change would
not take place. We know that the odor
in the apiary, especially marked at
night, during the gathering season must
be at the sacrifice of something. Is
this odor not a combination of the pe-
culiar odor of the hive in union with
the odor from the nectar? If so, no
similar artificial condition can be creat-
ed. This odor is certainly not similar
to that from a ripening tank of nectar.
To illustrate the change : The past
summer we had 240 colonies located in
an apiary in the neighborhood of a

gratulated upon the work begun at
Washington, D. C. Let us do every-
thing to encourage good work, and con-
demn in all these positions the appoint-
ment of inefiicient men. Let us be care-
ful not to demand definite results too
rapidly. In research work I rather ad-
mire the methods of the best European
countries, where they study, and study,
and work, upon a question, confirming
results again and again before much is
given to the public. I would also sug-
gest that these experimental stations,
as far as possible, seek the co-operation
and corroboration of our best practical
bee-keepers' in their own individual
apiaries. A committee even (advised-
ly) to advise as to work, and discuss

R. F. HOLTEKMANN.

species of mint. I tasted a peculiarly
strong flavored honey in the hive, but
could not discover its source, until I
traced through, first capped and then
uncapped honey, back until I tasted
the nectar shaken from the comb, and
then the smell of the mint blossom. All
formed a perfect chain when there ap-
peared to be no connection in flavor
between the ripe honey and its fresh
nectar. Several of my apicultural stu-
dents remarked the sanje thing.

In closing, let me say that we as
bee-keepers' do not realize how much
there is yet to learn in our profession.
We do not realize how great the prac-
tical need of learning is, and how little
we unitedly are doing to have this work
done. The United States is to be con-

all the points or conditions which must
be alike, in order to compare the merits
of points not alike, should be of very
great value, and such a suggestion from
the National Association would surely
have its weight, and might — in fact,
should — aid the work greatly.

R. F. HOLTERMANN.

Oiii- Wood Hinder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies o£ the imerican
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year — both for $1.10.
Address ofiice of the American Bee Journal.

May 30, 1907

459

American Hee Journal

Report of the ChlcaKo-Notthwestern

Bee-Keepers' Association, held in

ChlcaKo, Wednesday and

Thursday, Dec. 5

and 6, 1906

The sixteenth annual meeting of the
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation was held in Chicago Dec. 5 and
6, 1906, with President George W. Yorit
in the cliair.

The convention was c'alled to order
at 10:30 a. m., and R. L. Taylor, of
Michigan offered the following prayer :

Our Heavenly Father, we thank Thee
for the blessings which Thou hast given
us to enjoy. We thank Thee that Thou
hast preserved our lives for another
year ; that Thou hast given us a good
measure of health and strength. We
thank Thee for all the wonderful bless-
ings which Thou hast showered upon
us. And now we pray Thy blessing upon
us as we are met together to discuss one
of the subjects which Thou hast given
us to employ our thoughts and our la-
bors. We pray that Thou wilt bless
us as an association ; that Thou wilt
direct us aright; that Thou wilt keep
us from wrong; that Thou wilt culti-
vate among us a friendly, brotherly
feeling. We pray Thee to guide us in
all our doings while we are here to-
gether at these sessions; that Thou wilt
direct our thoughts; that Thou wilt en-
able us to walk aright; and we pray
that Thou wilt continue to be with us
during our lives; that Thou wilt bless
us and keep us from wrong and make
us like Thy Son, Jesus Christ, in whose
name we ask it. Amen.

As usual at the opening of the session
of this convention, the President intro-
duced all present by calling their names
and requesting them to rise, so that
all might the more easily become known.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and approved.

The Treasurer read his report, show-
ing a balance on hand of $22.88.

On motion, the chairman was directed
to appoint a committee of three to
audit the Treasurer's books, and Messrs.
Kimmey, Chapman and Wheeler were
appointed.

Pres. York — We will now have a re-
cess for a few minutes for the payment
of dues.

After the call to order again, the
question-box was taken up, as follows:

Experience with Caucasian Bees.

"Will any person having Caucasian
bees give his experience?"

E. T. Abbott — A man sent me a queen,
and she died on the hive before we got
her in.

A. A. Clarke — I have had some little
experience, perhaps not worth mention-
ing, but as I did not hear anybody else
reply I thought I would speak. I had
2 Caucasian queens the past season, and
I have bred nearly 300 queens from
them and probably sent out 150 of those
queens to different States, on their own
merits. I could net recommend them,
because I had not had any experience
with them ; but I found out that they
were excessive swarmers, and not bet-
ter honey-gatherers than a very poor
Italian. It would probably be safe to
say that they showed great tendency to

start quecn-cclls when they had suf-
ficient room for all the storage capacity.
1 found that they were excellent comb-
honey-builders, as far as they went, but
the record in amount of pounds was
away behind the common German bee
and the Italian, and a number of bee-
keepers could not distinguish them from
the common bee. But I do not think
I have really hail them long enough to
say whether that is the natural tendency
or not. I think it is hardly a fair esti-
mate. I am wintering 75 of them, se-
lected ones, and I intend to try them.

W. G. Reynolds — I haven't had ex-
perience myself, but a neighbor of mine
has. A year ago last summer he bought
some. He was away one day and a
swarm got out, and his wife attempted
to hive them, or to get them in, and
they got under her veil and she was
laid up for a week; and during tbRtime
she was in bed, between life and death,
her sister attempted to hive another
swarm, and she had the same experi-
ence.

Wm. M. Whitney — I have one colony of
Caucasian bees, but have not had them
long enough to form any definite opin-
ion as to what they may be worth. I
have handled them a good deal and they
seem very gentle. They are what are
called a "grey Caucasian." I have
handled them perhaps a half-dozen times
without smoke and without veil. They
go over the frames with their wings
about half raised, as if they were going
to fly, but still they are very gentle and
easy to control. I have been told by
some individuals, who had had consid-
erable experience, that they would al-
most close up the entrance with pro-
polis— they just daub everything up —
but that has not been my observation.
I don't know what they might do. I
simply got mine for the purpose of ex-
perimenting a little, to know for my-
self what to make of them.

Cause of Swarming Impulse.

"What is the chief cause of the
swarming impulse?"

F. Wilcox — I venture the opinion that
that question is prompted by the state-
ment made tliat Caucasians show a tend-
ency to swarming, to building queen-
cells, and the question naturally arises.
Is that tendency a hereditary tendency?
Is one race or strain of bees more in-
clined to swarm than another, or is it
other conditions, such as atmosphere, or
differences of the season? There are
various influences that tend to promote
swarming, but the question is, What is
the chief influence? And I wonder
whether the tendency to swarming is
anything against the Caucasians or not,
whether it is hereditary or not.

H. F. Moore — It occurs to me that
the chief cause here is the insinct im-
planted in man, and all animal creation
from man down, to multiply and people
the earth. That is the reason why bees
swarm, and it is absolutely hopeless to
attempt ever to set rid of it. The ques-
tion is, Is it ik-^irable to get rid of it?

Mr. Wilcox — Ihe question is, Is it
greater in one race than another?

Dr. C. C. Miller-— If it is not getting
away from the subject, I would like to
reply to Mr. ^Irmre's remarks, that how-
ever undesirable it may be for him to

try to get rid of the swarming impulse,
there are a whole lot of us that would
give just about half our lives if we could
get rid of the swarming impulse. It
would take off half of the trouble we
have in bee-keeping. I, for one, have
been trying to find out for a good many
years what is down at the bottom of
it, that is, the answer to that question.
I don't know what it is, by any means.
1 think possibly there may be a good
deal of reason in the answer that is
given by some, that the prime cause of
swarming, or the basic cause, at least,
is the accumulation in the nurse-bees
of a certain amount of the chyle food
they have prepared, and they become,
as you might term it, in that way
clogged with that, and then comes the
swarming fever. Now if Mr. Moore is
correct, of course we don't care any-
thing about that. I am sure that Mr.
Moore is "away off." In my case, I
would give a whole lot to know what
makes bees swarm, and put a percent
on top of that to know how to stop the
swarming.

Mr. Moore — Produce extracted honey.

E. K. Meredith — I suppose that the
impulse of swarming is in the relation,
to a certain extent, of birds laying eggs.
It is just simply a matter of nature
propagating or keeping up the race of
bees, just the same as any other bird
or animal does. That is my answer to
the question of why bees swarm.

Mr. Abbott — I think about 15 or 20
years ago I wrote some articles for the
American Bee Journal, that seemed to
have a good deal of heresy in them, in
the minds of some of our brethren,
among them Dr. Miller; and I think I
stated in one of those articles that it was
just as natural to swarm as it was to
live, and the swarming impulse was ■
what made bees valuable. I have never
gotten away from that idea yet.

Dr. Miller — Never ceased to be a
heretic!

Mr. Abbott — The bees that swarm are
the bees that do the work. They have
the energy and vigor and enthusiasm of
all young life. They have the enthusi-
asm of a couple that is just founding
a new home, and planting shrubs and
flowers and things about it, endeavor-
ing to develop and make it what a
home ought to be. Now bees do the
same thing, and are influenced by the
same impulses, divine in their nature,
planted in their being when the Almighty
gave them existence, and it is just as
futile for a man to attempt to breed it
out as it would be to attempt to stop
the sun in its course. It lies in the
very foundation of life itself. The first
germ of life that existed had in it the
impulse of development and division,
separation, and so it has gone on am-
plifying and increasing until we have
today the endless germs that people this
earth, and the planets that "people" the
heavens above, and that will go on for-
ever. It is all right to make the best
of swarming, but bees will always
swarm in spite of you.

Mr. Whitney — The question is. What
is the chief cause of swarming?

Mr. Abbott — The swarming impulse.

Mr. Whitney — I think Mr. Abbott has
hit the nail pretty nearly on the head;
but we notice that in some seasons the

460

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

swarming impulse is a great deal strong-
er than it is in others, and it seems to
me one of the chief reasons for that
has been a close, damp atmosphere,
with not quite room enough, or ventila-
tion enough, in the hive. Now I think
that if one can anticipate the weather,
and will give the bees sufficient room,
and good ventilation, one can very
often break up swarming.

W. C. Lyman — I have e.xperimented
more or less along this line, and I
find that if you could eliminate from
the colony of bees, that is, from the
hive of bees, the young bees — those
just hatching, and so on, — the remainder
of the colony will seldom swarm, and
there are ways that that can be done.
Perhaps I will show some of the ways
tomorrow — ways in which I have done
that.

Dr. Miller— If it be true that the
swarming fever is a thing that gives
life — maybe I don't quote exactly — but
if it is the grand opportunity, that there
is where you get the bees that will do
the work, the ones that swarm the most,
then we want to encourage swarming,
and we want to have a whole lot of
other swarms and all such things as
that. Now I don't believe a word of it,
that it is an instinct that is in all of
them, and they will all swarm anyhow,
and you can't do anything about it. That
is all nonsense. There are plenty of
men here today that know that there
are certain bees that will swarm more
than others. Take the Carniolan and
compare them with other bees, and
there is a difference, and in any kind of
bees, whether Italians or blacks or what
they are, there are certain strains that
will swarm more than others. I have
tried for a good many years to do a
little in the line of breeding from those
least inclined to swarm. It may be en-
tirely true, and I am not sure but it
is. I am a little afraid Mr. Abbott is
right when he says you never can get
the instinct out entirely, but I believe
you can get a whole lot of it out. I
know that the past summer — it was a
year of failure with me, but I think all
will bear me witness that in years of
failure there is often as much swarm-
ing as in good years — sometimes in good
years, when the bees get thoroughly in-
terested in storing honey, we have very
little swarming. This year I know of
but one colony amongst my bees that
made any preparation whatever for
swarming. I am just as sincere as I
can be in the belief that my attempt-
ing to breed from those least inclined to
swarm made a difference. I don't know
how much difference. I believe, though,
that it has made a real difference, and
that I have less swarming today because
I have tried to breed from those bees
that did not swarm. If any of the
rest of you want swarming, it is all
right.^ I don't want swarming; none
of it in mine, if I can get along without
it. I know it used to be, and is today,
customary to talk about the enthusiasm
there is in seeing the bees flying around,
and all that sort of thing. It makes
me sick when I see them come out.

R. L. Taylor — How poor a season, I
would like to ask, did you have?

Dr. Miller — It was so poor a season
that I think I did not get more than

2 pounds of surplus honey and it was
not so bad as it might have been, because
the last of the season the bees got a
good amount of fall honey for the win-
ter stores.

Mr. Taylor — Would you really like to
have us believe that your bees did not
swarm because you have been breeding
for non-swarming, rather than they did
not swarm because there was no honey
coming in?

Dr. Miller — I doesn't matter so much
what I believe about that —

Mr. Taylor — No; I don't ask you
what you believe, but I ask you what
you would have us believe.

Dr. Miller — You asked me what I
think. I am going to give you one or
two facts, and you can believe just what
you like. I spoke of what was the fact
this year. Now years ago I had just
the same kind of season that I had this,
and I had ten times as much swarming
as I had this year.

Mr. Taylor — Yes. Do bees ever do
anything twice alike?
Dr. Miller — No; not mine.
Mr. Taylor— Well!
Mr. Lyman — Dr. Miller referred, I
think, to the nurse-bees. I would like
to ask, when a swarm issues natural-
ly, where will you find the majority of
the nurse-bees — going with the swarm
or remaining in the hive?

Dr. Miller — I have been taught that
it is a mixture, that all sorts go and
all sorts stay. I think I have seen the
statement that young bees go, and some-
times the statement that old bees go. I
think that the general concensus of opin-
ion is that it is a mixed lot. There are
field-bees that go with the swarm, and
there are nurse-bees that go with the
swarm — all sorts.

Mr. Taylor- — I have seen a good deal
of swarming, and I think that pretty
much all the bees that can fly in the
hive — a large portion of them, that can
fly and get out in time to go with the
swarm — go, and often bees come out
that can not fly, and try to get away and
can not, because they are too young.
If the nurse-bees can fly, then the nurse-
bees go with the swarm, and if they
can not — if they are too young to fly
— of course they have to stay behind.

Mr. Meredith — From 103 colonies of
bees last spring I had 2 swarms. Three
years ago from 48 colonies I had pos-
sibly 60 swarms, and I have come to the
conclusion that bees look a little farther
ahead for what they expect to be than
possibly other animals, and I should
judge, from what I have seen, that un-
less the conditions are favorable for
a honey-flow, the bees will proceed to
swarm.

J. C. Wheeler — I was just recalling
a thing that happened, and wondering
how long ago I remembered the subject
and these very same arguments used.
I believe it was 15 or 16 years ago, in
this very same convention, the very
same question came up, and the very
same answers were made. I believe Dr.
Miller made very nearjy the same speech
and I was wondering, in 15 years how
much advancement had been made. Prob-
ably every year we have discussed this
question, and I doubt if we have any
of us advanced one step along the line
of keeping bees from swarming, or

eliminating the swarming instinct. 1
may be mistaken.

F. L. Kimmey — I am young in the
business, and I would like to have you
continue repeating the things that were
said before I was here. While it is
true, as Mr. Wheeler says, we do not
gain fast — we sometimes say there is
nothing new under the sun — yet what
we do gain comes in this way, and
I, for one, vote to keep it up. Two
years ago — an4 when I mention this I
hope we won't fall into the error of
thinking that Dr. Miller has produced
bees that do not swarm because they
did not swarm this year. The year pre-
ceding this there were few swarms; then
they swarmed oftener than I had colon-
ies, that is, some of them swarmed twice
and some three times. I did all I could
to prevent it. This year I did not see
a single swarm, with double the num-
ber of colonies, until I stopped watching
for them. There seemed to be some-
thing in the season. I did not see a
single swarm until away along in the
month of August I discovered one hang-
ing on a tree, and after that I found
another, and away late, about Oct. S,
I found a swarm hanging on a tree.
I mention this fact to show that there
must have been something in the season
rather than in the bees, for I had done
nothing whatever to produce a race of
bees that would be non-swarming. Yet
I believe, and I sincerely hope, that
Dr. Miller is right, that you can produce
a strain of bees that will be non-swarm-
ing; and I think from the success that
has been achieved in other lines of
race-breeding, that we can do something
in that direction.

W. B. Chapman — I would like to say
in relation to the subject under discus-
sion, that I have kept bees for 17 years.
I started with one colony; never have
gotten any outside blood in my apiary,
and from that one colony I now have,
of the original strain, 11 colonies of
bees. I have never had an afterswarm.
I have been in a location where we
always had plenty of honey. The least
amount of honey that I ever had was
30 pounds to the colony; the most was
70 pounds ; and right here in Cook
County. I believe that I have a strain
of bees that are considerably non-
swarming. From what I have heard of
afterswarms and such matters here in
convention, I have always considered
that I must have been very fortunate
to have had a non-swarming strain of
bees to start with.

Mr. Wilcox — I asked that question,
because I wanted to know, and not be-
cause I knew as much as the rest; but
I have studied it for 20 years. I know
something about it. and I agree pretty
nearly with Dr. Miller, that there is a
little in the hereditary tendency, but
not enough to rely upon it altogether ;
that it is possible that the Caucasians
may be more inclined to swarm than
some other races or strains, but, after
all, there is evidence on both sides. I
have noticed, some seasons, when I pro-
duced comb honey, in examining my
hives, that the colonies all started queen-
cells at about the same date. I have
gone through my apiary and found al-
most every colony preparing to swarm
at the same time. Now the question
was, whether they contemplated the sea-

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

son and what was coming, and prepared
for it, or wliat would cause tliem all to
take that notion at the same time. I
then reached the conclusion it was the
hatching period, and the prospect of a
honey-flow, or something of that kind.
There is a good deal there worth con-
sidering. I have, however, had some
colonies that did not swarm, never
swarmed, and I don't know whether I
could make them swarm or not. I
never tried to. But they didn't. They
were prolific and good honey-producers.
I followed the queen up in one particu-
lar case. 1 had an excellent crop of
honey and the bees never swarmed, and
her progeny — as I reared queens from
them — was not inclined to swarm. So
there is something in that hereditary
tendency, but how much I would not
care to say. I want to know more
about it. I know that I can prevent
an apiary from excessive swarming, in
comb or extracted honey, by giving
them surplus room and good ventilation
a little before they are ready for that
— a little too soon rather than too late
— and giving them shade, plenty of it,
will check the swarming impulse very
much.

Mr. Meredith — While bees may be
bred to a certain extent non-swarming,
possibly the same relation may apply to
bees as does to poultry. The Mediter-
ranean class, including Leghorns, as we
usually keep them, are non-sitters, but
if they have their own way, where they
can go out into the brush and lay their
eggs, I think that they will have the
sitting fever the same as any other
breed of chickens; and I think, possibly,
that same rule might apply to bees that
if they get back to their natural rock
cavities, or logs, they will swarm just
the same as ever.

Using Quilts Over Frames.

"Are quilts worth enough to bother
with?"

Mr. Wilcox — What do they mean by
"quilts?"

Mr. Chapman — Covering for the
frames in the hive.

Mr. Wilcox — An enameled cloth is
not a quilt for covering the frames.
That is used for another purpose. A
quilt is used to prevent the heat from
escaping at the top, and an enameled
cloth is. used to prevent the cover from
sticking. I used to use the enameled
cloth, and I have tried a good many
times to use a board, but it causes me
more trouble than it is worth, so I con-
tinue to use the enameled cloth.

Dr. Miller — Allow me to suggest that
there are three alternatives in that.
One is the quilt, another is the enameled
cloth, the other is to use the naked
frames ; and it might be worth while,
instead of discussing the matter, just to
take a vote on that, how many prefer
the naked frame.

Pres. York — How many prefer the
enameled cloth, just raise your hands?
S. How many prefer quilts, raise your
hands? None. How many the naked
frames, without anything over them? 12.

Mr. Whitney — It would depend upon
what that quilt is used for. I would
prefer a quilt for certain purposes. I
do not know the difference between the
enameled cloth and the board, because

I use the enameled clo\h and I know
nothing about the other. But I use
a quilt sometimes over the section-cases
to keep them warm.

Mr. Abbott— Do I understand they are
used without any covering at all — any
board, or anything?

Dr. Miller— Let me explain, Mr. Ab-
bott, that this is a body of bee-keepers,
and that they li.-ive their little ways of
talking about things without using a lot
of words !

Mr. Abbott — They should use good
English. The best thing I ever saw to
put over the top is a board.

Dr. Miller — That is a good thing
too! (Laughter).

Mr. Abbott — Mr. Wilcox says they
stick fast to the boards. In most hives
they only touch in two sections, and I
do not see how they stick as much as
the cloth. When we used to use a cloth
in Missouri the top would stick fast.

Mr. Wheeler — How about the bees?

Mr. Abbott — -That is the way they do.
and there is a row of propolis right
around, just the shape of the section. I
never saw any in Missouri that did not
do that.

Mr. Wilco.x — I am surprised, for I
have used them for 40 years and never
saw a single instance of sticking to the
enameled cloth. I am sure that won't
happen in Wisconsin. They of course
build new combs to them, so that the
enameled cloth is stuck a little, but you
can take hold of one corner and turn
it back without disturbing or alarming
a single bee, and for that reason I much
prefer to use such an arrangement and
to scrape the frame down, often, be-
cause they will build up to it, and some-
times push it up and fill up the space;
but when you have only the board, if
you leave it long enough the bees will
stick it down and close the cracks air-
tight, and if you do not it will stick
in places and the wind will blow right
through under it from one side to the
other. The heat must escape. It cer-
tainly cools ofT the top of the frames
more than it does where there is an
enameled cloth over it ; and for that re-
son I prefer the inconvenience of the
enameled cloth rather than the board
with its perfect fitting on the upper
edges of the hive.

Dr. Miller— :May I ask, Mr. Wilcox,
whether you ever knew your bees to
carry the black material from the oil-
cloth 'down and use it in the section-
combs?

Mr. Wilcox — I have known several
such instances. It is not a common oc-
currence. If there should be any ragged
edges the bees could get at they would
tear it out, and they might carry it
down and attach it to the cappings of
the combs in some cases.

Mr. Abbott— Will they cut holes
through them?

Mr. Wilcox — Xo; I never knew of it.
A worm will do it, and do it quickly, if
there are any moths in it, but the bees do
not do it unless the enamel is cracked
from being handled when cold.

Is Honey Vegetable or Animal.?

"Is honey a vegetable or an animal
product?"
Dr. Miller— Yes. _
Mr. Abbott — I think some that I have

seen in our market was purely animal,
and two-legged animal. The ordinary
honey I tliink is vegetable.

Mr. Taylor— Is a boiled potato an
animal or a vegetable production?

Dr. Miller— I believe that is really a
serious question, after all. I am sure I
don't know what the answer is.

Mr. Moore- About a boiled potato?

Dr. Miller — Mr. Taylor's question is
entirely applicable, and yet the ques-
tion would come, Where is the line to
be drawn? I should say a boiled potato
was a vegetable without any question,
because it has not ceased to be a vege-
table, and yet the thing gets mixed up
and in the case of the bee here is a vege-
table material that is afterward worked
up by an animal and there is animal mat-
er in it. I confess I don't know. I wish
I did know. If Mr. Taylor has an
answer to it, I wish he would give it
to us.

H. M. Arnd— I asked that question.
I knew it would cause a good deal of
laughter, but one of my customers met
me on the street the other day, and I
told him that honey is vegetable, and
he argued and argued with me that it is
animal. I told him there was going to
be a bee-keepers' convention, and I
would bring it up.

Mr. Wilco.x — In my opinion it is a
vegetable product. There is nothing
animal about it. Sugar is not an animal
product. Sugar syrup isn't animal; has
nothing to do with it. It is derived
from a vegetable in the first place, and
it is boiled down — as it were, somewhat
digested, perhaps — I am not sure about
that — but at any rate, it is derived from
a vegetable and retains a vegetable
character, and there is no animal char-
acter injected in it, although it might
be digested and assimilated and convert-
ed into animal, but I do not think it
has reached that stage.

Dr. Miller— We do know that there
is injected into the honey something
by the bee. Come back to milk. Is
milk a vegetable or an animal product?
If you are going to rule honey out, and
say there is nothing animal about it,
by the same token we can rule milk
out. There were those who said that
honey was gathered from the flowers —
bees do not make honey. There were
those who said, the bee makes honey. I
think nowadays we are pretty nearly all
agreed that the bee has something to do
with making honey. If it has, look at
it and see if there is something animal
in it.

Mr. Moore — Maybe this will throw
some light on the question, the illustra-
tion of Ihe maple tree. A man taps the
maple and carries the sap to the sugar
camp and boils it down. There might
one of his finger-nails drop in it, or
even a lock of his hair; there might be
some slight mixture of animal with the
vegetable. Here a bee carries the sweet
from the flower just the same as a man
carries sweet from the tree.

The Members— No, sir! No, sir!
Not a bit of it!

Mr. IMoore — There is no chance for
argument, I believe. They are both
vegetable absolutely, all the time.

Mr. Taylor — If the bee should carry
the nectar, put it into the cell and leav-.

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

it there, what would it be? Would it
be good honey?

Mr. IMoore — Bad honey is honey, just
the same.

Mr. Taylor — No; it is nectar.
_ Dr. Miller— Mr. President, wouldn't
It be of advantage to talk about some-
thing we know something about?
Pres. York — Sure!

Mr. Kimmey — If we are going to talk
about something we know all about,
there is no use of talking. We might
as well go home.

Pres. York— I think a convention of
bee-keepers ought to know something
about honey.

Mr. Kimmey— -Perhaps you will re-
member a few years ago we were talk-
mg about the same question, and I asked
Dr. Eaton, the Illinois State chemist,
if it were possible for a chemist to pro-
duce a single drop of honev, and he
said no. We may talk about 'bees gath-
ering nectar from the flowers; it is
not honey. I once at a table said to
a lady, "Why do you put cream in your
coffee? Why not put in butter? It
IS the same thing." "Yes," she said.
Why not put grass in your coffee? It
IS the same thing." It isn't the same.
You can't make a drop of honey unless
you let the bee go out and gather the
nectar and put it in its organism. I
have tried to find out e.xactly what they
do. You honey-dealers just keep quiet
a httle and try to look wise. I have
seen some of your product and, unbe-
known to you, I have had some of it
analyzed. You do not get honey until
the bees work it over. I think you can
say they make honey just as surely as
the cow makes milk, and in that sense
I think it is an animal product, from the
matter of working over a vegetable pro-
duct, just as lard is an animal product;
perhaps not e.x-actly work on it, but there
is a change made which makes it animal
instead of vegetable. It is not simply
gathering nectar.

On motion, an adjournment was taken
until I -.30 p. m.

FIRST DAY— Second Session.

The convention met at i :3o p. m.

Pres. York— Is there anything to come
before the convention before we take up
the questions? Under the heading of
Miscellaneous Business there is the
question of joining the National Bee-
Keepers' Association in a body. What
shall we do about it?

Joining the National in a Body.

Mr. Wilco.x— I move that we join the
National in a body.

The motion was seconded.

Pres York— Are there any remarks on
the motion?

Mr. Moore— Not to obtrude my own
vievys on this assembly, but to get the
subject before you, I want to object to
joining the National in a body. My
objections are nothing new. Our in-
come is rather small. The Treasurer's
report shows about $22 in the treasury
before this meeting, and when we join
the National and pay them 50 cents, and
join the Illinois State State Association
and pay them 25 cents, that leaves us
25 cents for our income, which is hardiv
sufficient to pay our expenses; and i'f
this Association wants to continue join-

ing both these associations in a body,
I want them to do it with their eyes
open to the facts in the matter. Do what
seems best.

Dr.Miller — Across the ocean they are a
long way ahead of ours. Only this past
week I noticed the Austrians were con-
gratulating themselves that they had
reached the number of 10,000. Then
here is the united organization of pretty
much all of those that use the German
language, in which I think there are
perhaps 30,000. They do it largely by
the fact that the smaller societies unite,
and if we consider it important to have
the National Association what it ought
to be — if it grows to what it ought to
be— I believe it will be more than any-
thing else by associations like this join-
ing in a body. If we do not do it, the
National is going to remain always a
great deal smaller than it will if we do ;
and so for the sake of having the Na-
tional encouraged and increased as it
ought to be, I should even vote to in-
crease the amount of money we pay into
the treasury here rather than to with-
draw from uniting with the National in
a body — if that is the only question — the
question of money — and it is necessary
to have a larger amount of money. I
consider it of very, very great impor-
tance, that we do that very thing — unite
in a body.

The motion was put and carried.

On motion, it was voted not to join
the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion in a body, a very influential reason
being that if we join one State associa-
tion we ought to join several, as differ-
ent States are represented in the mem-
bership of the Chicago-Northwestern.

How TO Construct Langstroth Hives.

"How should the Langstroth hive be
constructed for general convenience and
durability among American bee-keep-
ers?"

Mr. Taylor — A plain box, without any
cleats.

Dr. Bohrer — I wrote that question. I
began the use of the Langstroth bee-hive
more than 40 years ago. I think in 1864
I used it first, and Mr. Langstroth him-
self used it at that time. I have seen
a good many changes, some very valu-
able improvements, and some so-called
improvements that in my opinion are
not valuable improvements at all; at
least, they would not work well with
me, and in bringing up this question I
have no war to make with the gentlemen
who manufacture bee-hives. I believe
it to be the duty of bee-keepers, not only
as individuals but as an organization, to
make known to the manufacturers what
their actual wants are, and ask them to
make their hives in accordance therewith ;
and I believe they will do it. As long
as we stand off and they go to work
and make a hive of this idea and that and
the other, you will have a whole lot of
different patterns, and no one will suit
but a few bee-keepers. I have never
seen a hive that pleased me any better,
that is, the construction of the frame,
than Mr. Langstroth's frame as he used
it 40 odd years ago. The bees in Kansas
would not glue the frames together, as
they do with what is known as the Hoff-
man frame. There are two valuable fea-
tures about the Hoffman frame— the

heavy top-bar and grooves. The frames
as constructed by Mr. Langstroth I liked
as well as anything at that day and time,
but the grooved frame and heavy top-
bar were certainly improvements. The
Hoffman frame did not suit me at all.
I killed too many bees, even if there
wasn't too much propolis carried in.
I object to that, and I object to the so-
called improvement of the bottom-board
being made out of lumber hardly %
inch thick, so that it will shrink and the
bees crawl out of the bottom. It is too
thin to ship bees in, and not safe to
handle bees in to move them from one
apiary to another, or even about the
farm. I say to manufacturers. Don't
make them that way. You are not bene-
fiting us as you might do with another
follower or division-board. I want it
made out of something not less than ^
inch thick. I would not undertake to
ship a colony of bees with that kind of
a bottom-board. I have to go to work
and make new bottom-boards for those
hives. They are absolutely next to
worthless. I want to repeat that I am
not making war upon any manufacturer,
but when you manufacture a hive of that
kind you are not manufacturing what the
bee-keeper really wants — what he stands
in need of.

And now on the production of comb
honey. I am not handling bees much
for comb honey. Men who do would
know more how to dispose of that fea-
ture of the subject than I do. My idea
is and has been for years, that I can
produce more honey and cheaper and
can sell it for less money, and in the
long run make more money, than the
man can who produces comb honey
alone, that is, by the use of an extract-
or.

Mr. Sewell — The hive I use myself I
can make for about 25 cents. I mean
I can get it cut out at the mill for about
that price, and it is a good hive. But
perhaps it could be improved quite a
little. While I had a Langstroth hive
when I was about 10 years old, yet I
have not had very many hives since, for
the last few years not over S, and it
seems to me I could learn a great deal
about hives. The hive that we have is
a dovetailed; that is a little more ex-
pensive than necessary, it seems to me,
but I don't know. Perhaps 20 years is
long enough without paintings but if
they last 20 years without painting, they
ought to last considerably longer if they
are painted ; but it is a question that I
think all of us are very much interested
in. Personally, I like the halved cor-
ner better than the dovetailed corner.

A Member — Can you get that for 25
cents?

Mr. Sewell — I mean just the brood-
chamber. The hive I use is a very plain
hive. I don't know that I need to des-
cribe it, but I would like to hear more
said about this matter. A great many
of us want more hives. We want them
as cheap as we can get them. We want
them as plain and as easily operated
as possible, and we want them to last
just as long as possible.

Mr. Taylor — I have had considerable
experience in using hives and in making
them. Some here have had more ex-
perience than I have, but I should say
that if a person wishes to use a Lang-
stroth hive, to make it just as plain as he

May 30, 1907

463

Anic»rican l^ee Journal

possibly can. If he wants anything over
and above the boards sawn square across
at the ends of the hive, he can make it
a Httlc finncr at the corners, but I do
not think that is necessary. If made out
of good, fair lumber, what we used to
call "cull lumber" — they don't call it
cull lumber now (lumber with some oc-
casional "shakes" in it, or a worm-
hole) — and nailed together at the cor-
ners, it will last 30 or 40 years, with
reasonable care. All it wants is a plain
bevel at the ends inside, and it does not
want any cleats around the outside; it
wants handholds, and that is all I should
put in a hive. There is no need of pay-
in $1.50 or $2.00 for a hive, when you
can make one from which you can get
just as much honey for 25 cents.

W. Z. Hutchinson — For the bottom-
board I would just have a plain board.
Some make a board with a cleat at the
end to keep it from warping, and a rim
on each side. I agree with Mr. Taylor
about the sides — just plain boards nailed
together.

Dr. Bohrer — How thick do you make
your bottom-board?

Mr. Hutchinson — % inch. Plain
handles to lift it by ; cover and plain end ;
plain rabbets at each end to hang the
frames in; and all-wood frames.

Mr. Abbott — I am interested in where
these brethern live, that they can buy
lumber enough to make a box as big
as a hive frame for 25 years. Take any
hive-frame, make it 12 inches long,
where can you buy that amount of
lumber?
Mr. Taylor — How many feet are in it?
Mr. Abbott — You can figure it your-
self. They charge down in our country
for the cheapest kind of ship-lap that
you can get — that is, so full of knots
you can't put your finger down where
there isn't a knot — $2.50 a hundred.
Mr. Taylor — Move into Michigan.
Mr. Abbott — And for any kind of
lumber such as used in a modern bee-
hive you have to pay from $3.50 to $4.50
for the lumber. We could go back and
wear homespun jeans, if we wanted to;
we could go back to the long-horned
Texas steer; we could go back to a
great many things; we could go back to
homely men and women if we wanted
to; but in these modern days we want
a good looking woman, a well-dressed
man ; a fat, sleek cow ; a fine house and
an automobile ; and I do not see why
a bee-keeper is not entitled to just as
good things as other people. Thirty
years ago they said that cheap clothes
made a cheap man. There is a good
deal of truth in that. And cheap bee-
hives make a kind of cheap bees and a
Cheap John afifair all around.

Mr. Taylor — We are not proposing to
go back. We are proposing to go ahead.
These men who are making supplies are
inviting purchases, and they are asking
big prices, and men who have not very
much experience — who have not the
ability to make their own hives — are
buying them. When they get those hives
and put bees in them and look after their
crop, where are they going to get the
money, after paying for all this stuiif,
to buy their fine Jersey cows and their
automobiles and their fine houses? I
tell you, we are in the business to make
something out of it, and we can't make

anything out of it if we go to these men
and buy the stuff that they offer at their
prices. That is the way I look at it.

Mr. Stuebing — I think every bee-keep-
er will pay a little higher price if he
gets a good boltom-board and a good
cover. I think they are the important
things.

Mr. Wheeler — I am a friend of the
bee-keeper, and a friend of low prices
as far as you can get a good article for
a low price, but at the same time on
this bee-hive body, I think the dovetailed
corner is a great improvement. I have
had hives side by side and have tried
them for 15 or 20 years — one with cor-
ners simply nailed together, and another
lot where I dipped the dovetailed cor-
ners into a good strong paint, drove
them together, and they have stood the
weather nearly 20 years without being
warped or twisted. I believe the dove-
tailed-corner bee-hive is far and away
ahead of the other, in which the nails will
rust and they will begin to twist, and
they won't either fit the cover or fit the
bottom-board, but they will twist out of
shape, out of square. The dovetailed-
corner hives, if they are put up right
and driven together, with new paint, will
last indefinitely. They will never lose
their shape, and no matter if the nail
rusts off they will keep their shape.
They have great trouble nowadays with
the nails rusting off. It is surprising how
well those hives will keep their shape
even after the nails are gone. I am in
favor of the dovetailed corners.

Dr. Miller — There are so many dif-
ferent points of this question we hardly
know where to grab on. One thing that
has been neglected is the cover. That has
not been tackled, and the thing I am
most an.xious about is the cover. We
haven't a good cover yet that I know
of — a satisfactory cover. Some of these
good people that have learned how to
make hives, let them tell us how to
make the cover.

Pres. York — Mr. Hutchinson says a
]/s cover.

Dr. Miller — Plain board, with a cleat
on each end. I have had lots of them.
They will warp so that a bee will crawl
out from underneath, "in my locality."
It makes a very satisfactory cover ; if
it would stay always new and always
straight I would like a plain board cover,
I wouldn't want any thing better. An-
other objection to them is that they do
not protect enough. They don't keep
warmth enough. A cover with an air-
space is very much better than that.
They are very expensive; but if we could
get one that was reasonably inexpensive,
I should like that kind better.

Dr. Bohrer — Dr. Miller, do you use
covers made in 3 pieces, that is, the cover
itself, with the cleat on the end? How
do you like them?

Dr. Miller — I have used them with 3
pieces, with 2 pieces, and with one piece.
The one piece is the most satisfactory
for me, and yet it has that objection. I
can not keep it .square, and no amount
of cleating will keep it square, either.

Mr. Taylor — \\'liat kind of lumber do
you use?

Dr. Miller — T never tried basswood.
That might t\vi-t worse.

Mr. Taylor — What kind of pine?
Dr. Miller — .\ white pine.

Mr. 'j aylor — Your locality must be
very bad.

Dr. Miller— It is.

Mr. Wilcox — I shall have to agree
with Dr. Miller about the covers. I
have them in use and have for many
years, and as they get older they will
warp and sometimes crack. I have
never been able to make any that would
stay good, year after year, for any great
length of time. We have fine yellow
pine up in our country. If it were not
for the cost 1 would want a gable roof,
and I would really think I would do
better if I had a little cleat around the
outside of the hive, and had that set
over on that. I rather object to the
wind blowing straight through it under
the cover— in at one side and out at the
other. It ought not to do that. I would
have room for covers if I wished to
use them. I believe the cover is quite
an important matter for the bee-hive.
There is just one more point in regard
to the dovetailed corners. If you are
going to buy your hives made in a fac-
tory, they are a nice thing, and I would
buy them. If you are going to make
them yourself, don't, because you make
them up pretty quick and they are liable
to shrink, some pieces more than others,
and the dovetailing does not fit. An-
other reason why : I can make a very
good hive and one that will stay good
by rabbeting the end pieces fs inch deep
half way through the board. That is
equal to 7-16 inch deep on the three
sides. The top and the two ends and
the side of the hive are nailed into them,
and they are also nailed the other way.
They are nailed both ways, and they
hold together just as well as the dove-
tailed. I have had them in use side by
side for the last 10 or 15 years, and can
see no difference ; and it is easy enough
to make them that way.

Mr. Taylor — I want to say a word
about the cover. I have a great many
covers. Of course, once in a while one
will warp a little, but I would not use
a % inch board. I would use a ^/f, and
you see at once the reason for it. It
has not the strength in warping to
draw the cleats out of shape. I would
use a f^ inch board, and instead of us-
ing a single cleat at the end I would
have a flat piece nailed on to the end
of the cover even with the upper sur-
face of the board, and then another flat
piece up on the top covering the first
cleat and part of the board. In that way
you will likely get those two parts of
the cleat so that they will not both want
to go in the same direction if the cover
wants to warp. If you use that thickness
of board, Sg, and cleat them in that way
(I can't give the size now of the cleats
I use, but not very heavy), there will
be very few of them that will warp to
do any damage.

Mr. Wheeler — I have one idea on this
subject. It is not my idea; it is the idea
of James Heddon. The first cover he
put out gave a space all around and
under the cover. We tack a strip on
the outside edge of the cover on the
side and a cleat on the edge — I presume
you have seen them described in the

American Bee Journal so that the

cover sits on the rim and does not
crush any bees; and if the board in the
center warps, the outside rim sits square

464

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

because it is fastened to the ends. The
4 pieces around the hive are fastened
together, and if the center board warps
or twists a little bit it does not allow the
cover to change so that the bees can
escape. The warping of the main cover
does not affect the warping of the rim
outside, which will maintain its shape,
because the ends of the 4 pieces around
are nailed together, and i;est down on
the square hive. I like it very much,
and I do not have any trouble at all with
the cover warping enough to let the
bees get out or the cold weather to get
in.

Mr. Hutchinson — When a board
warps, it is the heart side, that is, the
convex; and in nailing up the hive turn
that side up. It is at the corner of the
hive, and not in the center — it is always
at each end. Nail them up with the
heart side out, and then the tendency is
to warp to the center, and that is almost
impossible. If the corner will stay the
board will last.

Dr. Bohrer — I want to sanction what
Mr. Hutchinson said in regard to the
manner in which boards ought to be
put together, whether top, bottom or
side. With regard to the roof of a
hive, I think, as Dr. Miller said, that
it is one of the most important things
connected with the hive, to have a roof
that will not leak, and one that will be
the least trouble. The roof that has giv-
en me the most satisfaction is made of
two boards, coming together in the
center, and the outer edges being dressed
down, beveled with almost a feather
edge, or yi inch, maybe, at the outer
edge, ad % in the center, and then a
saddle-board on top of that. In putting
them together they won't come down
square on the roof, and I make it a
rule to put a weight on them — a brick-
bat. That will usually weight them
down, and I do not find that kind of
cover to warp very much. There is the
cover made of two boards, in the center
a piece of tin, and as long as the tin is
well painted it will last 15, 20, maybe
25 years. In calling this question up. un-
derstand it is not the price of hives that
I wanted to bring up a discussion in re-
gard to, but for convenience and dura-
bility— that is what we want. The price
is one thing, and the question of dura-
bility and practicability is another.
National Food Law and Honey.

"Will the National Pure Food Law,
enacted by Congress, increase the sale
of either or both comb and extracted
honey?"

Mr. Taylor— No.

Mr. Nau — Yes.

Mr. Arnd — I think it will. At least
I have found it so in the grocery trade
in Chicago. We used to have to send
a wagon to sell our honey, and now
they come to our place and get it. Those
people that have been putting up bogus
honey are out of business today. I
think it will increase the sale of pure
honey.

Mr. Wilcox — I think the more pure
food laws we have the better. It does
increase the sale of honey. The pure
food law increases the sale of almost
everything that has been adulterated. It
restores confidence in the product, and
the people will buy. I think it is a
go»d thing in that way.

Mr. Wheeler — I would like to ask
what is going to be done about the honey-
dew that happens to get in the honey.
How are we going to meet that?

Mr. Moore — I think the answer to
th:s is that this law, as drawn, includes
honey-dew — a small amount. It is not
illegal to have a small amount of honey-
dew in the honey. That is my under-
standing of it.

Mr. Wheeler— That is rather indefi-
nite, isn't it, a small amount? What
does that mean? One inspector might
say it was a small amount and another,
a large amount.

Mrs. Glessner — Isn't the adulteration
to be by man instead of the bees?

Mr. Taylor — Not according to the law.
If there is too much water in it it is
adulterated, even if the bees do it, as
I understand it.

Pres. York — I would like to hear from
Mr. Burnett on this question. He has
a little (?) experience in honey, and
probably can tell whether this law is
going to have any effect upon the sale
of either comb or extracted honey.

Mr. Burnett — It has not been in force
long enough for me to give an opinion
on it!

Mr. Abbott — There seems to be a mis-
understanding about the law, and bee-
keepers ought to understand it thorough-
ly. The lady is correct as to the adul-
teration— the statement of the law ; but
the Board of Agricultural Chemists
have made some rulings in their appli-
cation of the law as they understand it,
and those rulings become law, and
among the rulings the last circular that
was sent out by Dr. Wiley's department,
who has charge of that, it is said a small
portion of honey-dew could be included
and it would not be considered adulterat-
ed ; but they specify how much water
may be in ; in other words, they de-
scribe what pure honey is. and if it
does not come up to their tests, no
matter where it came from, it is impure.
If you get it out of a bee-hive, and
never put anything in it, if it won't stand
the test of the law, it is impure. The
same thing occurs in milk. The regula-
tions, I presume of Chicago, make it
3 percent, butter-fat ; they do in Kansas
City, I know. It is a fact that Holstein
cows, and some very good ones, give
milk that tests but 2% percent, and a
man was arrested in Kansas City for
selling Holstein milk that he milked
from his cow. It was a gross injustice,
of course, and the law ought not to
be administered, in my opinion, in that
way. Bee-keepers ought to take that
matter up and agitate the question un-
til there is some relief along that line.
No man should be prosecuted for sell-
ing the natural product for what it is.
A man who sells the milk from a Hol-
stein cow that has 2^/4 percent, or even
2 percent, of butter-fat, ought not_ to
have to go to jail for it, if he milks
it from the cow, and does not put any
water in it. Any law that condemns
him is wrong. Any lavv that would
condemn a man for selling what his
bees gathered is radically wrong, in my
opinion, and he ought not to have to go
to jail for anything of that kind. But
as a bee-keeper he ought to avoid put-
ting anything on the market that would
injure his trade. I would not do that,

not because I am afraid of going to_ jail,
but because I do not want to injure
the trade. Any honey that does not come
up to the standard ought to go into
manufactures, or into the sewer. That
is the way it looks to me.

Mr. Wilcox — I think a man that
would produce milk testing less than
3 percent should be punished for it —
not for the injury done to others, but
for the injury done himself. A man
who produces honey testing more than
25 percent water is producing honey
that won't keep. If it is exposed to
a warm temperature it will sour. I
think the rules and regulations are right
as they are.

Mr. Wheeler — Now don't you think
that we are up against a hard proposi-
tion? We can't follow the bees and find
out where they gather their honey.
What in the world are you going to do?
Are you going to have it tested every
time you sell a gallon of honey? One
colony may gather honey-dew, and an-
other one clover honey. Who is going
to tell ? You put that honey on the
market in good faith, and if it doesn't
stand the test, what are you going to
do? There was a committee appointed
at the National Convention to meet with
the chemists and formulate some kind of
a formula for honey, and what did they
do? They eliminated honey-dew — any-
thing gathered in the shape of honey-
dew was eliminated from pure honey.
Of course, they say now a little of it
will not do any harm — we will overlook
a little of it — but that leaves the lever-
age with the man who tests it — with
the chemist. He can put his finger orf
one man and not on another — do just
as he pleases. It seems to me that
the only straight way to do is to make
honey pure when it comes from the bee
— the only way that any man can safe-
Iv sell honey — as long as he can not fol-
low tne bee up, and he is not a chemist
himself.

Mr. Moore — I do not think in his dis-
sertation that Mr. Abbott quite covered
this case fully. You must go back to
the origin. Honey is the nectar of
flowers gathered by the bees and stored
in the combs. I believe that is where
they start. But in order to protect an
innocent party whose bees might have
gone to the leaves of trees and gotten
honey-dew and mixed a small amount
with the honey, this small amount is al-
lowed. But I think that there will be
no trouble about this matter in the
minds of any one who acts in good faith.
Honey-dew tastes different, and the only
trouble comes if you sell honey-dew and
label it honey. You can sell all the
honey-dew you please and label it honey-
dew, or you can say, "Honey with a
small amount of honey-dew ;" and if
you, as experts — bee-keepers, honey-
dealers, if you please — can not tell the
difference between honey-dew and
lioney, if you do not distinguish any-
thing about it, don't you believe that
your customeri will. If you conscien-
tiously taste that honey and decide that
it is all right, your customers will be
pleased with it. You won't have any
trouble along that line. This law is
all right as it stands, for one who in-
advertently has a small amount of
honey-dew in his honey, but not so as

May 30, 1907

465

American l^e Journal

to be distinguished by tlie taste. I
take it that that is the point of the whole
matter. If it is so thin, if it is so dis-
agreeable, if it is so strange, that any
of us bee-kccpers or honey-dealers can
distinguish it by the taste, you must not
sell it as honey. The labeling of this
honey-dew as honey is the danger-
point. If there is any question in your
mind you must put a label on it, "Honey
with Honey-Dew." It seems to me that
the pure food law has a whole lot of
eft'ects. 1 am not so sure that it in-
creases the sale of honey. I don't know
but it increases skepticism. When you
call on wholesale'grocers they say, "Is
that pure honey?" and even about comb
honey, "Your honey is pure, is it?" If
you have honey-dew, I would advocate
labeling it honey-dew, or not selling
it. Sell it if you can, of course, but
don't label it as edible honey.

Mr. Wheeler — I think this is a vital
point. I have something right in mind
that bears on that point very closely
too. There is a town near Chicago that
I watched closely this summer and the
trees were just covered — once in June
and once in August — with this honey-
dew. It was on the leaves of the
maples, and the bees worked on that,
morning, noon and night ; all day they
stored that, and I know of a person
that is putting the honey up and selling
it. He is a bona-fidc bee— keeper, and
undoubtedly he thinks that the honey is
clover honey. I will wager any amount
of money that that honey hasn't a parti-
cle of clover honey in it. I think those
bees gathered that honey entirely from
the leaves of the soft maple. I tasted
it and it is not bad honey at all. It is
dark. I was in a town this year where
there was no clover honey or anything
else except that secretion off the trees,
and this man put that up and put it on
the market. It makes a very passable
honey. It is not as light as some, has
a peculiar taste to me, because I have
tasted a good deal ; but supposing that
honey is tested, I would wager that gy
percent of it would not pass the test.
What is the man going to do? He put it
up in good faith, put it on the market in
good faith. It suits his trade. He is
selling quite a lot. We bee-keepers
ought not to favor a law of that kind.
Supposing it is flavored a little with
basswood and so on. You can't tell.
People's tastes fool them. It seems to
me it is favoring something we ought
not to favor as a convention or as a
lot of bee-keepers.

Dr. Miller — Just one point that Mr.
Wheeler raises: If we look at the law
of the State of Illinois, the honey defini-
tion is "material that the bees gather
from plants." That will cover honey-
dew. You will not get into any trouble
with the amount of honey-dew you get
in your honey, without specifying the
amount, and I do not beUeve there is
much trouble about adulteration. I take
the ground Mrs. Glessner does. What
the bees do without any adulteration on
the part of man would not be called
adulteration. There, of course, might be
such a thing as their getting something
that is not fit. I have tasted here in
Chicago honey taken from the nectar
of plants that I considered much worse
than any honey-dew. I do not remem-

ber now what it was from, but it pro-
duced the effect on the mouth that eat-
ing Indian turnip does. The question
before us is whether this law is a
benefit to us or not. A fundamental
question upon w-hich that rests is. Did
the putting on the market of all this
adulterated stuff hurt us as bee-keepers?
1 think we Iiavc pretty well settled that
Karo corn syrup, and corn syrup of all
sorts, was a damage to us ; and when it
has come that they must put on the
label that it is so much glucose — you
don't see it printed glucose, because the
people would not stand glucose, but
they will stand "corn syrup" — but if on
the label there is such a percent corn
syrup, the people won't take that. But
I would give more for five words of
testimony from a man like Mr. Arnd,
who knows what has been done, than
for all the theories.

Mr. Arnd— In selling honey to the
grocery trade, especially to the whole-
sale grocery trade, we are compelled
to sign an agreement that the honey that
we sell to them, that we bottle, is put
up according to the pure food law.
How are we dealers going to protect
ourselves so that we can sign these
agreements without testing? Don't you
think that the bee-keepers that supply
us with the honey ought to furnish us
with the same agreement, that the honey
that they send to us will stand the pure-
food test, and so right along the line, so
that the dealers, grocery men, the re-
tail men, and every one all along the
line, can go back to the original bee-
keeper if there is any trouble? I think
the dealers ought to have some pro-
tection, because we have to sign an
agreement that the honey that we furn-
ish the wholesale grocery houses is up
to the pure food test, and they have to
furnish the same thing to the retail
grocery trade.

Dr. Bohrer — I wrote the question, and
what induced me to write it was, there
has been quite an effort among bee-
keepers (and I feel a deep interest my-
self in it) as to how to dispose of our
product, and I have become convinced
that one thing that caused slow sale of
honey was that the people were sus-
picious that both comb and extracted
honey were impure, and were an arti-
ficial product. All the advertising that
the bee-keepers have been able to do
up to the present time has been inef-
fectual. An organization sprang into ex-
istence in this city, I think it was, and
some money was paid in. I did not take
stock in it, did not become a member, for
the reason that I was not an extensive
producer of honey, having but few col-
onies; yet I felt an interest in the matter,
and hoped that something would come
of it; but I will be honest, I did not
have any faith in any good results grow-
ing out of it. 1 then believed, and I be-
lieve now, that what the people wanted
was a pure food law, and when the peo-
ple understand that no man dare to put
a label "Pure Honey" upon any package,
and put it upon the market and sell it,
when it is otlier than pure honey — that,
I think, will undoubtedly increase the
sale of both comb and extracted honey.
The people today believe that 4-5 of
everything that goes on to the market
in the shape ui honey is bogus; that it is

adulterated; that glucose is largely fed
to bees, and that they store it in the
combs. .\ij longer ago than last winter
at our Stale bee-keepers' convention in
Kansas, 1 offered $500 to any man who
would bring 2 sections of comb honey
that was made of artificial comb and
filled with artificial honey. One man
said he had it at home, and brought in
2 sections. I appointed a committee im-
mediately, being President, and I asked
him to aid me m the selection of the
committee, so that no injustice should
be done and that he would get his $500.
The committee said: "These two sec-
tions are not alike at all, and if they
were manufacured by a machine they
would be just alike; they would have to
be." Well, he thought they were both
artificial, but one had been made by one
set of molds and the other in another
set! Then the question naturally arose,
How many molds would have to be
obtained in order to make each section
different? It can't be done. It is an
impossibility. When the people come to
understand this law, they will say:
"Here, it is more than any man dare do
to combine glucose with honey, perhaps
put 14 honey or 1-5 honey and the bal-
ance glucose, and label it honey and put
it on the market." If he labels it honey
and glucose, then that is another matter ;
but people want pure honey, both comb
and extracted. These side-issues and
questions as to what the Government
rnay ultimately define as honey and a le-
gitimate article to put on the market,
are not fully determined, but when peo-
ple learn the effect of this law, that glu-
cose cannot enter into a package of
honey, whether comb honey or put up in
sealed packages, buckets, jars or any-
thing; that they can buy honey and know
It is honey; that there will be a United
States officer to test it, and if it is not
pure, the man's brand being on the pack-
age lays him liable to arrest and pro-
secution, you will find that the men who
have been counterfeiting honey hereto-
fore will not want Uncle Sam to handle
them, because he does it without gloves.
I remember, a good manv years ago, I
think in 1871 or 1872, at' the Michigan
State bee-keepers' convention, a Mr.
Perrine was at that convention and said
that a great deal of honey was now be-
ing prepared and made salable by getting
the bees' comb honey and putting it into
a jar and then filHng it up. He said it
was not always honey. In your agri-
cultural papers and in your country
papers it says th<? sale of bogus honey is
shut down on by Uncle Sam, that it is
more than any man can do to put an
impure preparation on the market and
label it honey.

Mr. Taylor— What was the fact last
year, Mr. Arnd, in regard to the crop of
honey? Wasn't it all sold?

Mr. Arnd— Of course I don't know;
but I think the honey was pretty much
all sold.

Mr. Taylor— You understand it was
pretty well cleared up before the pres-
ent crop came on?

Mr. Arnd— I think so. Mr. Burnett
could tell you more.

Mr. Taylor— How about this year?
Will it be cleared up?

Mr. Arnd— I think so. I am not sure.

Mr. Taylor— How can the law help

466

May 30, 1907

American ^ae Journal

you if you sell it all any way?

Mr. Arnd — ^I don't handle all the
honey there is.

Mr. Taj'lor — I am talking about the
people who deal in honey. You are
talking for the lot.

Mr. Arnd — I am talking of my own
orders. If my orders come in faster
this year than last I will sell more honey.
Another thing, too, when orders come
to you without your solicitation it shows
it is being helped along.

Mr. Abbott — I want to suggest that
the law could not do anything, for it
is not in force until the first of January,
and, besides, it has no relation to any
honey except that which enters into in-
terstate commerce. There is no pure
food law in Missouri or in Kansas. I
believe but few States have a pure food
law corresponding with the National
law, and you can adulterate all you
please in the other States, provided yon
never send it out of them. Illinois has
one, and it is the Illinois State law that
is operating here, and every State in
the Union ought to have one like the
National law. Let us keep that in rnind,
and go home and besiege our legisla-
tures, if we want it to benefit us, to
make a law in accordance with the Na-
tional law.

Dr. Miller — We can vote on it.

Pres. York — All who think the Na-
tional law will be a benefit, raise your
hands. All who think it is not a bene-
fit raise your hands. It seems to be all
one way; those who voted, any way.
Practically all think the law will help.
The law is not in effect yet, and prob-
ably will be amended if there are any
weak points in it, after a while.

Remedy for Bee- Paralysis.

"What remedy, if any, have we for
the disease known as bee-paralysis?"

Mr. Taylor — In my experience, a sim-
ple change of queens is all that is nec-
essary.

Mr. Whitney — I asked that question.
I had a colony of bees in June that de-
veloped what I supposed to be bee-
paralysis ; that is, they exhibited all the
symptoms such as I have read about in
the bee-papers; it was growing worse
rapidly for about a week, and I thought
it was being communicated to an ad-
joining colony, from the appearance of
bees on the alighting-board. I got some
sulphur and decided to experiment a lit-
tle, even if I killed a colony of bees.
I sprinkled sulphur all over the alighting-
board, all over the bees, on the top-
bars of the frames of both hives, and
in 2 or 3 days I gave them another dose ;
inside of 6 or 8 days there was not a
bit of the disease left. I did not
know but what I had discovered some-
thing.

Dr. Miller — I have had paralysis
among my bees; I painted my shop red
and the disease disappeared. I do not
know that there is any other disease,
unless it be the disease of bee-stings,
that has had so many remedies as bee-
paralysis. One man says he has done
so and so, and the disease disappeared.
In this part of the country, as far north
as this. I think it will generally disap-
pear of itself, no matter what you do,
or don't do ; and I doubt very much

whether anything in the way of medica-
tion or treatment will do any good, un-
less it be sulphur treatment. And I
may say that is the only one that I
have known of, that has been mentioned,
that a number of people have not men-
tioned as having failed. I think so
far no one has reported that the sul-
phur treatment has failed ; but it is
not original up in this part of the conn-
try. Mr. Poppleton, of Florida, is the
one who has used the sulphur cure, and
really I have a great deal of faith in
it. I think so far no one has reported
who has faithfully tried the sulphur
cure and it has failed; and until some
one tries that faithfully and says it is
a failure I shall have some faith in the
sulphur cure. I do not know anything
else that has been reported but what
has been a failure. A number have re-
ported the change of queens and a curt
resulting, but a number of others say
that they changed queens and it did not
cure.

Mr. Taylor — I had a colony that was
very badly affected with paralysis. It
was early in the season, and I got a
queen from another colony and took out
the queen that belonged to the affected
colony and put in the new one. I put
her in a cage, and soon after I did the
exchanging a bee-keeper from the neigh-
borhood called on me and wanted to
know if I could not let him have a queen.
I told him that I hadn't any queens
to spare, but I had just taken one out
of a hive that I did not consider of
any value, ana if he wanted to take her
and try her he might. Accordingly he
took her. In 3 or 4 weeks he was back
again, and I inquired how the queen had
done, and he said that the young bees
were shaking terribly, while mine were
steady and all right. I thought that
was pretty good proof, at least in that
case, that the changing of the queen
had completed a cure, and that the dif-
ficulty was with the queen.

Mr. Wilco.x — Transferred the disease,
you mean?

Mr. Taylor — Transferred the disease
to another colony,

Mr. Whitney — Doesn't that prove that
the sulphur remedy is of value?

Mr. Taylor — I do not think it has any
bearing on it.

Mr. Whitnej' — I did not change
queens, but I gave them a dose of sul-
phur.

Mr. Taylor — I don't know what else
happens in the hive. We guess too much
about these things.

Mr. Hobble — I have one or two col-
onies every year that have what I sup-
pose to be paralysis, and when I had
the first one I knew nothing about treat-
ing them in any way, and I gave them
a good dose of salty water. They got
well all right. I have continued that
from that time to this, and I have never
lost a colony, and they have always come
out all right.

Mr. Kimmey — How do you administer
the dose?

Mr. Hobble — I put the salty water in
a little pepper-box; take the hive cover
off, and then shake it all over the hive,
letting it run right down over the
frames.

Pres. York — You sprinkle or spray it
on the frames and bees.

Mr. Hobble — I have never lost a col-
ony yet, and they always got well in
the course of about a week.

Election of Officers.

After an intermission, election of of-
ficers was taken up, and resulted as
follows: President, George W. York;
Vice-President, Miss Emma M. Wilson;
of Marengo, 111, ; and Secretary-Treas-
urer, Herman F. Moore, of Park Ridge,
111.

Pres. York — I hope every person who
is here now will remain for the evening
session. We have invited some singers,
and expect to have quite a little musical
program to begin with, both instrumen-
tal and vocal.

In accordance with what had been the
custom for several year, Secretary
Moore was allowed $20 for the past year
for his services.

Age of Larvae for Queen-Rearing.

"What is the age of larvae chosen by
a queenless colony from which to rear
queens?"

Mr. Taylor — My answer probably
would not be agreeable to all. My ex-
perience is that they use larvae from
2 to 5 days old. I used sometimes to
experiment in rearing queens, and of
course in those days I was very curious,
and observed closely with regard to
what ^ they did choose — what sort of
larvce they did use for rearing the
queens — and I found that they chose
larvre of different sizes, so much so that
I was in tlie habit, when I wanted
queens from those reared in that fash-
ion, of looking through the hives in
the course of 5 or 6 days after the col-
ony was made queenless, and examin-
ing the cells and removing from the
cells those larvae which appeared to be
too large. I found proof of that fact
in the time required for the hatching
of the queens. The queens w-ith mt
begin to emerge in 10 days from the
time the colony is made queenless. If
the bees chose larvK two days old it
would not be possible for the queens
to emerge in 10 day;;. It would take
at least a day or two longer, because
until the larvx are chosen for the pur-
pose of rearing queens, their progress
is slower. It takes a worker to mature
say 20 percent or more longer than it
does a queen, so that the larva of a
queen would have advanced as far in
5 days as a worker in 4 days ; so I will
say that the choosing of a larva first
devoted to the rearing of a worker must
take a little longer than one devoted
from the first to the purpose of rear-
ig a queen. Dr. Miller will not agree
with me. He made an experiment sev-
eral years ago — and I wish I had it here
• — quite an extensive experiment on that
very point, to prove, as he claimed, that
the bees never choose larvae that were
more than 3 days old. But as I looked
at his experiment, which was very elab-
orate, and which was thoroughly dis-
cussed both by himself and myself, I
thought the experiment showed conclu-
sively that larvae more than 3 days old
were chosen. Of course now, after the
lapse of time, I can not enter into the
particulars, but that has been my ex-
perience.

Dr. Miller — I do not understand part

May 30, 1907

American ^ee Journal

of wliat Mr. Taylor said, that the rela-
tive worl<er and queen time is 4 days
and 5, [ don't know wliat tliat means,
but 1 do l<novv tliat he says tliat he had
queens emerge 10 days after the time
that the bees selected llie larva:. Do
I understand that, Mr. Taylor?

Mr. Taylor — After they were made
quecnless.

Dr. Miller — Now if tliey chose the
larva immediately upon being made
qucenlcss — I do not think they do ; I
think they must take a little time, but
they do not take a great deal of time to
find out that they, are queenless; but
if they do, there is 10 days that is taken
from the time. I don't know how many
days Mr. Taylor will say that the queen
takes from the time of the laying of the

Mr. Taylor — It varies from 15 to 17
days.

Dr. Miller — It was 17 days when I
was a boy ; it was 16 days some 20
years later, and now the latest authority
gives it IS, although it varies, as Mr.
Taylor says. I think 15 is what Mr.
Cowan says. I saw that very thing last
week in the British Bee Journal. Take
10 from 15 leaves s; and take 3 days in
the egg state, leaves us 2 days for the
larva state. But I don't think it will
figure down as close as that. Now I
will give you some experiences on that
same line : For a number of years I
have been rearing queens by allowing
a colony of best stock to start a frame
of brood, and then I would take that
frame having eggs and larvse of all
ages up to that which is nearly ready
to be sealed over, or perhaps ready to
be sealed over, and put it into a colony
which I had made queenless. I reared
hundreds of queens in that way, and
I never had one of them emerge until
12 days after the colony was made
queenless and that frame put in there.
That is the way it is in my locality,
and that same rule holds over in Ger-
many, I find by the authorities over
there. In cases where bees are allowed
to select for themselves the larvse they
want, they in every case select what
will be 12 days in hatching out. I
don't know just how Mr. Taylor's and
my experience have been so different.
One thing I think has helped to create
the impression that the bees select lar-
vae too old : Make a colony queenless.
and if you just take the pains to lift
out a frame and look at it^ Mr. Hutch-
inson says that the bees will select lar-
vae too old. I will ask him to say what
they do nowadays. Bees have improved.
They may have done other things when
he was young, but what do they do
nowadays? Have you tried that, Mr.
Hutchinson?

Mr. Hutchinson — No; I have been too
busy.

Dr. Miller — You will always be too
busy.

Mr. Hutchinson — I tried it years ago.

Dr. Miller — They didn't do it years
ago.

Mr. Hutchinson — They did just the
same with you years ago.

Dr. Miller — You refer to the first
volume of the American Bee Journal,
and you will find that the time for rear-
ing a queen is 17 days. Now it is 15
days.

Mr. Hutchinson — Not always.

Dr. Miller— To go back: I said to
make a colony queenless, and lift out
the frame and luok at the size of the
larva' — and I don't believe there is a
man here, or woman either, that would
say that the larvae were older than 2
day.s, if they are at all familiar with
the size of larv:c at certain ages; let
ihat colony go on for a week or so, and
they arc not s.ilisfied with the queens
they start; the\- will keep on starting
them, and after the time comes that
there are no larvae young enough to
make proper queens they will still keep
on starting, and will then start queens
from larvre that are too old.

Mr. Taylor — That is all I claim.
[Laughter].

Dr. Miller — Will you put in words
what you claim ?

Mr. Taylor — I claim simply that they
do not always use larvae young enough.

Dr. Miller — Then we are exactly to-
gether.

Mr. Taylor. — Yes.

Dr. Miller — They don't always, be-
cause they don't always have tHe stufT
before them. When they have their
choice of the ' right and wrong kind
of material they will always use the
young, never the old.

Mr. Taylor — That is not material at
all. I have got the queens from too
old larvse. You admit that now.

Dr. Miller — No, not necessarily. If
you take all the cells that they will
start, old and young, then you will gei
some that are too old. Leave them to
themselves to rear the queens and they
will never have any that are wrong,
because the ones they first start will
mature ahead of the bad ones. But
you meddle with it, and take out all
the cells, and you will get the bad cells
as well as the others. 'The point is this :
Bees allowed to select, given free choice
of brood of all ages, will never select a
larva that is too old for a good queen ;
and if they did do that, then some of
those should have matured and emerged
before the period of 12 days, and they
never do.

Mr. Hutchinson — When I take away a
queen from a colony and leave the brood
of all ages, I almost invariably get some
poor queens; but if I allow all that
brood in the hive to mature, and then
give them a frame of just hatching
brood — just put in a comb filled with
eggs nearly all of the same age — I don't
know that I ever got any poor queens.
Where they had larvse of different ages
to choose from, sometimes they chose
too sold larv^, but wher^ they had
nothing except the young larvs to
choose from, had no larvae that were
too old, then the queens were always
good. I have found in rearing
thousands of queens that it is not safe
to allow a colony more than 10 days for
the hatching of the queen. If you wait
more than 10 days, when you go to the
hive you will quite likely find some of
the larvje hatched.

Mr. Taylor — It is so invariably in
Michigan.

Mr. Wheeler — At one time I lived
about 50 miles .south of where Dr. Mil-
ler lives, and my experience was the
same as in Michigan — 10 days from the

larva. It may be different now. I
have not tried it for a few years.
Dr. Miller— I tritd it last year.

DiscRi.\riNATiNa ACAIN.ST Certain
Members for Officers.

"Should the constitution of any bee-
keepers' association bar any of its mem-
bers from holding an official position
in the association?"

Mr. Taylor— Using the words of a
noted author, "I don't know."

Mr. Wilco.x— I do not think any of
us know the constitutions of all the
various bee-keepers' associations. That
question was evidently asked in refer-
ence to some association other than this.
Pres. York— No. The question is:
Should the constitution bar any of its
members from holding an ofiicial posi-
tion—should the constitution be made
in that way?

Mr. Wilcox— Whoever wrote that
question was thinking of some other
association than this, probably the Na-
tional.

Pres. York— Not necessarily.
Dr. Miller— He might be thinking of
this association, whether the constitu-
tion ought ot to be chans-pri in that
way for this association. You can't tell
what the questioner was thinking about.
If you will allow me to say so, I think
he was thinking of the National, and
what was done at San Antonio.

Dr. Bohrer— I wrote the question, and
I will tell you what I was getting at.
I know there was proposed an amena-
ment to the constitution of the National,
to bar certain members of that Associa-
tion from holding official positions be-
cause they were dealers in bee-keepers'
supplies, or editors of bee-papers. There
was an effort of that kind made, it is
true, at San Antonio. I opposed it and
declared then that if that kind of an
amendment were added to the National
Association I would not be a member
of it any longer. I took the position,
and Mr. Kimmey here took the same,
and the constitution of the United States
takes the same view of it, and all the
States of the United states, that there
is only one class of people barred from
being eligible to the presidency of the
United States, and that is foreign born-,
and the constitution of any organization
must apply to all its members. If not,
it IS un-American and unjust. It places
the members in a state of alienship be-
fore that association, and I was opposea
to it, and I believe it is our duty to
discuss that question here. I am a
member of the Kansas State Bee-
Keepers' Association— President of that
organization— and a member of the Na-
tional, and I do not want an amend-
ment so un-American as that, and so un-
just as that, to become a part of the
organic law of our National organiza-
tion or of any State organization. I
took the broad stand, and made the
sweeping declaration, and I repeat it
that if it became a part of our organic-
law I would not be a member of the
organization any longer. While it may
not be at all times policy upon the part
of the members of the organization to
elect a dealer in bee-supplies to an of-
ficial position in that organization it
is simply the duty of every individual

468

May 30, 1907

American Hee JournaJj

member, if he does not want a man to
serve in an official position, to vote
against him, and so get rid of him; but
place the membership on a common
equality before the law, and if the
members for any cause see proper to
elect a man that is a dealer in bee-
keepers' supplies, they have a right to
do so. If they find when they put him
in office that he warps and twists his
position for selfish purposes, they do
not have to re-elect him ; but know how
to "sit down" on him in the future.
Some of the best and most worthy mem-
bers of the bee-keepers' associations in
the United States have certainly been
dealers in bee-keepers' supplies. Among
them was the great Langstroth himself.
A purer-minded man never lived, in my
opinion. I speak from having known
personally the man, having been in his
apiary and talked with him on different
topics, and he was a pure-minded man,
first, last and all the time. He never
would accept an office. I do not be-
lieve he was ever an officer. He may
have presided at one meeting in Cincin-
nati, but it was against his inclination
and his will. An amendment of that
kind would bar the great Langstroth.
Our worthy friend Dadant (I give him
all praise that is due him; I would not
take a laurel from his brow) seemed to
favor an amendment of that kind to_
our constitution, stating that some of
our Eastern bee-keepers, notably the
State associations of Pennsylvania and
New York, would withdraw from the
National if it did not become a part of
the organic law of that Association. 1
do not believe that the bee-keepers of
New York and Pennsylvania feel that
way; and i do not believe, if they are
fairly dealt with, and that question is
fairly discussed before them, that they
will vote in favor of that kind of an
amendment to the constitution. I hope
they will ake the broad view of it,.
that all the members are on a common
ground. If you do not want a man who
deals in supplies to be an officer, do not
elect him; and any other person who
is not fit for the position — sit down on
him likewise. It is our duty as Ameri-
can citizens, and members of a grow-
ing institution, to select the very best
men and women that we have for our
official positions— persons who have
energy, and will put some push and life
into the pursuit in which they are en-
gaged and that which tliey represent.
If I were the Secretary of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association I would
feel it a duty to push the interests of
the Association everywhere possible;
and if I were President I should do the
same thing; but I am not electioneering.
I would not have an office in the As-
sociation.

Mr. France — I want to say just a
word of explanation to Dr. Bohrer, and
for the benefit of some others, as I
was at the San Antonio convention. The
disturbance in the East is a good deal
like some church choirs that I have
been in before now. Some wanted to
be heard, and because they couldn't be
heard just as they wanted to, they made
a Httle disturbance; but the choir kept
right on singing; and since the San An-
tonio meeting, 88 from New York State,
and 104 from Pennsylvania , have voted,

and sent their dues direct to the Na-
tional. [Applause]. And in the elec-
tion of the National officers, of which
I have received returns it is quite nicely
divided up — the election of Mr. L. A.
Aspinwall, for President; Vice-Presi-
dent, Geo. E. Hilton ; Secretarj-, Jas. A.
Green; General Manager, N. E. France;
Directors, G. M. Doolittle, Jas. A. Stone
and R. A. Holekamp. Xoa will notice
if you are going to draw the line on
bee-supply men, the majority of these
have handled supplies, m.ore or less.

Pres. York — Mr. Aspinwall and Mr.
Hilton are from I\Iichigan ; Mr. Green
is from Colorado ; Mr.France from
Wisconsin; Mr. Stone from Illinois;
Mr. Doolittle from New York; and Mr.
Holekamp from Missouri.

Dr. Bohrer — If they don't supply any-
thing else, they supply honey.

Mr. Abbott — There has been a good
deal of agitation, and a good deal said
in certain bee-papers concerning various
fraudulent dealers. There are only 6
or 8 bee-supply manufacturing estab-
lishments in the United States, and prob-
ably 300 or 400 bee-supply dealers. I
think these gentlemen who make such
charges owe it to the bee-keepers as a
whole to mention names. If Mr. Root
is a fraud we ought to know it. We
all know him pretty well, and we don't
think you can tell us anv^hing new
about him. If Mr. Lewis is a fraud we
ought to know it. If the Falconer
Manufacturing Company is a fraud we
ought to know it, and so on around.
We know them personally, and think
they are all right. We think they are
honest. We think they are honorable.
We think they are engaged in an hon-
orable, conservative, upright business,
offering wares that the bee-keepers seem
to want, for they are making their fac-
tories bigger and bigger all the time
every year, and if it were not for the
support of the bee-keepers of the United
States they could not afford to do it.
Now, if it is a crime to furnish people
something they want, why, then, theee
people ought to be ostracized and ex-
cluded from associating with bee-keep-
ers. If it is not a crime, let us stop
all this nonsense about classes. The
more we talk about classes, the more
we divide humanity up into classes; the
more we magnify the differences, the
more strife and contention we make. I
know a few of those New Yorkers will
leave the National Association, but it
reminds me of a remark that Ralph
Waldo Emerson made once when an Ad-
ventist was talking with him very ear-
nestly and enthusiastically to convince
him that his philosophy was wrong, and
that the world would surely come to an
end. Emerson in his quiet, quaint way —
and if you ever saw him you know he was
very quiet and very mild-spoken —
smiled, and Laid, "Well, what if it does?
It won't trouble me very much. Some-
how I think I can get along without
it." Somehow I think the National As-
sociation can get along without about
a half a dozen of those fellows, and if
they do not want to come in, why, the
world is as big outside as it is inside —
let them stay out. It seems from the re-
port of Mr. France that the majority
of them want to come in. There are

only a few of them in New York, and
if they can get along without the Na-
tional Association, and would rather not
be in it, the National .Association isn't
going to die to accommodate them. It
is going to live right on, and not stop
breathing.

Dr. Miller — It is not because these
men are rascals, as mentioned by Mr.
Abbott — it is not necessary to take any
such view as that. The resolution, if
I remember rightly, was that supply-
manufacturers, supply - dealers, editors
and department editors, should not be
allowed to hold office; they are to be
allowed membership. You will perhaps
see the reason for that is that these
supply manufacturers and supply - deal-
ers are working in antagonism to bee-
keepers; they are getting their money!
-And so are the editors, and so they
should not be allowed to have office ; and
the department editors are aiding them,
and on that account they should not be
allowed to hold office ; and those who
assist them — the members in helping to
get subscriptions for these papers are
aiding these same editors — they should
not be allowed to hold office; and the
men who subscribe for those papers are
helping the editors, and they should not
be allowed to hold office. Well, I don't
know just how far that thing is going.
[Laughter].

Dr. Bohrer — Doctor, I suggest one
more alteration or amendment to the
suggested change in the constitution —
that they include everybody that pur-
chases or handles bees and honey, and
then they would have the thing just
right.

(Continued next week.]

Honey as a Health-Food. — This
is a 16-page honey-pamplilet intended to help
increase the demand tor honey. The firet
part of it contains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey.'' It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; oO copies for 70 cents; 100 for §1.25;
250 for $2 25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for $".50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is something that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

Amerikanisclie Bienenznclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's band-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

May 30, 1907

American Hee Jonrnal

or
%esfion-B(pc

Send Questions either to tlie office of the American Bee Journal, or to

Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.

B^"" Dr. Miller does 7wt answer Questions by mail.

ComD Probably Not Diseased

The pieces of comb I am sending you were
taken from a colony of bees that died during
the warm spring weather that we had here in
March. Three out of five colonies died within
a few days of each other. All had an abun-
dance of stores. The frame frem which this
was cut had considerable honey. Any infor-
mation you can give me will be appreciated.

Nebraska.

Answer. — I'm not an expert in brood-dis-
eases, and I'm not the one to whom to send
samples, but I think there is no disease in
your case. The number of dead bees in the
comb makes it pretty certainly a simple case
of starvation, even although there may have
been plenty of honey in the hive. See an-
swer to " New York." If you want to make
sure in any case of suspected disease, send
sample to General Manager N. E. France,
Platteville, Wis., provided you are a member
of the National Association. If not, it will
cost only a dollar to become a member.

Transferring Bees-
Bees

Baiting Wild

1. I have subscribed for the American Bee
Journal and like it very much. I am think-
ing of going into the bee-business on a small
scale at first. I have 2 colonies in box-hives.
They have not swarmed yet. I bought 3 pat-
ent hives quite awhile ago, but never have
been able to get them home. I wanted to
transfer my bees into the patent hives. Is it
too late now? I have been trying to buy a
few colonies here, but can not. As there are
a good many wild bees here, I thought proba-
bly I might find some trees and save the bees.
That is the way I got those I have.

2. Is there any kind of bait for wild bees?
I have tried honey, but they will not touch it.

Texas.

Answers. — 1. It is perhaps just as well,
and many prefer, to do no transferring before
swarming. When a colony swarms, hive the
swarm in a movable-frame hive, and 21 days
later transfer the contents of the old hive.

2. Some scent the thinned honey with es-
sence or oil of anise; others make a smudge
by burning old comb, the smell of which at-
tracts the bees, and helps them to find the
honey present.

No need to send stamp for reply. As a sub-
scriber to this paper you are entitled to have
answered in this department all the questions
you like, free of all charge; and questions are
not answered by mail.

Keeping Bees Out of the House

I am a subscriber to the American Bee
Journal and appreciate it very highly. I
have 20 colonies of bees, and I wish an an-
swer to a question which, to my mind, is a
" corker."

For 2 years my bees have insisted on com-
ing into the house, hovering over the roof
day after day, and working themselves into

the house in different parts. The windows
are well screened, but that does not stop
them. Last year I reshingled, thinking there
might be some crevices in the root through
which they might come. I carefully puttied
np every crack where I thought a bee could
come in, but all to no purpose. To-day is the
lirst day that has been warm since I brought
them from winter quarters, and the roof is
covered like a swarm. They tried to get into
the chimneys, but a little lire stopped that.
Now, if you can tell me any way to stop that
I will be happy, because my wife ftas rhatied
house! Iowa.

Answer. — Well, that is a "corker," for
sure. Makes me feel discouraged. Just when
I begin to think I do know a little something
about bees, along comes some one like you
with a question to which I can find no answer
in the whole pile of answers I've been laying
up for years. What under the sun should in-
duce your bees to take on that particular form
of insanity is beyond me. If it were later in
the season, I might make a bluff at an an-
swer by saying the bees on the roof were
scouts finding a place for a swarm to enter;
but that answer won't fit when they first
leave winter quarters. If any one else wants
to answer he may ; I'm not going to. Won't
even try to puzzle over it, for I don't want to
go as crazy as your bees. Sorry for your wife,
though.

Starved Bees-Foul Brood

I bought 2 colonies of bees about the mid-
dle of March. During peach-bloom in this
section I set them in the north edge of a 75-
acre peach-orchard. They began to work to
"beat the Dutch," They were rather light
of stores when I bought them, but as fruit-
bloom was plentiful, I thought they would
make it all right. Then with the disappear-
ance of fruit-bloom came cool, rainy weather
which lasted about 3 weeks. In the mean-
time a great deal of brood had been hatched
out, consuming all the stores. They began
to dwindle and the bees died by the hundred.
As soon as I discovered what the trouble was,
I lifted the frames and brushed the bees away,
and poured warm sugar syrup along next to
the top-bar of every frame. Before 1 did this,
the bees were crawling around all over the
ground and could not fly (like " Indiana,"
page 395). Perhaps if "Indiana" had fed
1% barrels more of sugar during the warm
spell in March, he would not have lost 13 col-
onies of his bees.

My bees are doinj:: fine now, and storing in
the super from white clover in one colony.
The other I have divided for increase, having
ordered one tested golden queen, and I think
I got a 3-band. I make my own hives with
dovetailed corners, which makes the most
substantial hive I ever saw. One bee-keeper
who saw my hives, said: "They are nice;
but that is work." So it is, but I think it is
the best in the long rnn.

Where can I get the book, "Foul Brood
and Its Causes:' I have seen many ques-
tions in regard to cause of foul brood, but
have never seen a iniisfactory answer.

Arkansas.

Answers.— 1. You were wise in looking
out for starvation. There is many a case of
starvation that is not suspected. Beginners
do not realize how rapidly stores disappear
when brood-rearing Is going on rapidly.
There's probably many a case of starving
even when white clover is in full bloom.
Plenty of bloom, but the bees are getting
nothing from it; first the beginner notices Is
that the bees are dragging out the sucked-
out skins of the larvii-, and he wonders what
disease has attacked his bees, when it's a
plain case of starvation. ^

2. I think the V. 8. Department of Agricul-
ture has issued the pamphlet about foul brood
you inquire about. As to the cause of foul
brood, for years the answer has been that it
is Bacillus alvei, but of late that is disputed
by some and asserted by others. Let us hope
the question will be definitely settled before
long. In actual practise, however, exact
knowledge as to the real culprit will hardly
make any difference. The McEvoy treatment
is the same whatever the cause.

Wonderful Spring-Early Drones-
Killing Off Drones

1. This has been a wonderful spring. The
weather during March was so warm that bees
were out and hard at work nearly every day.
Fruit-bloom of all kinds came out and bees
were almost frantic in their effort to gather
the rich harvest contained therein. But
spring had not really come, as about April 1
the weather changed, and kept steadily cold
all through the month; only an occasional
warm day when the bees could come out. But
the bloom and blossoms were all killed as it
had been as cold as 36 degrees above zero, and
froze ice regularly nearly every night, and is
still cold at night; froze some 2 nights ago.
I have been feeding my bees of late, and they
appear unusually strong in numbers, and are
working some on dandelion blossoms. Is it
not unusual for drones to appear this early in
the season >. Some of my colonies have had
as many as at any time in July or August,
and have had for 2 or 3 weeks. Every warm
day they are out flying thick and the bees
have been killing them.

2. Is it necessary to kill them off? How
should I go about it? Kansas.

Answers. — 1. A drone may be seen here
and there occasionally at any time of the
year, but it is unusual to see them in appre-
ciable numbers as early as during dandelion
blossoms. The same thing occurs here this
year. Is it not because the unusual warm
weather in March caused the queens to lay
in drone-cells?

2. Unless in very great numbers, it's hardly
worth while to do anything about killing
them. If you think best you can put drone-
traps at the entrances.

No Disease— Probably Starvation "

To learn apiculture evidently takes time
and experience. Some time ago I found one
hive robbed of all the honey. The bees had
also departed. An examination of all the
frames revealed no sign of eggs or brood. On
one comb I found cells with what I call "dead
brood." I send you a sample. What do you
think of it \ Do you think it was a queenless
colony! I have read about foul brood and
pickled brood, but never saw a case of the
disease. To a beginner it is very confusing
to read so many different opinions, theories
and practices in bee-culture. But I suppose
after a few years' experience, even the timid
novice will get the necessary confidence in
this pleasant hobby. What shall I do with
the combs? New Y'ork.

Answer. — My good friend, your eyes or
your spectacles are not so good as mine. You
say no eggs were present. In the sample of
comb you sent me there were at least 2 dozen.
You are quite right in saying there was dead
brood, and all oi it was sealed. No appear-

470

May 30, 1907

American Hee Journal

LanSstroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ought to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
•uccess with bees.

The book we mail for %^ .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for $2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending ua
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W.Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Western Bee- Keepers sh«w^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COLORADO nflSEY-PRODlCEK.S' LSS'il, Denvfr. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

ance of disease whatever. In the absence of
fuller information I can only guess what was
the trouble, and my leading guess is that it
was a case of starvation. Quite possibly you
may say, " Oh, there was plenty of honey left
in the hive." Very liltely, but in this very
unusual spring there have, doubtless been
many cases of starvation with plenty of honey
in the hive. Those warm days in March set
the bees to breeding and consuming more
rapidly, and then came many days when it
was so cold that it meant death for any bee
to leave the cluster, and after all the honey
was consumed that was within reach there
was nothing for the bees to do but to starve,
although there may have been abundance of
honey just out of reach. The queen was
probably all right. Again, it may have been
a case of desertion.

Keep the combs to use later. In the last
few numbers of the American Bee Journal,
both in the editorial department and in this
department, you will find instructions about
keeping and using them, and if anything is
not fully understood don't hesitate to aslf all
the questions you like.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is something that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

Queens

The finest in the land from
Daniel Wdrth & Grant.

3 Banded, Red Clover,
and 5 Banded Goldens.

The Goldens took First
Premium at every Fair they
were exhibited last year.

Prices :— Untested, ?1.00 each ; Tested, -51.50
each. Address,

DANIEL WURTH & GRANT

PITKIN. ARK.

I®" Make Money Orders payable on West
Fork, Ark. I have moved from San Antonio,
Texas.— D. W. 6E8t

Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlns,

Bee-Nuppliex and Berry-Boxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
tofietber, send me list of goods wanted, and let me
quote you prices, 1 give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for Catalog.

6Etf W. J. McCARTV, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlBg*

29 Years Means QIEEIN Quality

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year,
like last, and 2S0 to thecolony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. ]3very queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tells
of Italian and Caucasian.

SEtf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, iVUch

Plea^Q mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

P^^^

While the Present Stock of these BEE=HIVE CLOCKS

them at only $1.50 each., by express ; or $2.00 for the Clock
American Bee Journal one year

Better order at once,

The Bee-Hive Clock

lasts, we will sell
and the Weekly
before all are gone.

With the

A $4.00 CLOCK FOR $2.50
American Bee Journal hotht^r Only $3.00

We have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzed-metal Clock, called
"The BeeHlve Clock." It ie lOl^ inches
wide at the base, 9% inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand firmly on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
work, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-Jseeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like "The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from $4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at $2.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year — both for only $3.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to get "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the
Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at f 1.00 each, and we will send vou this beau-
tiful " Bee-Hive Clock " FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 New Sub-
scribers fat $1.00 each) and 50 cents — $4. .50
in all. Or, S New Subscribers (at $1.00
each) and $1.00— $4.00 in all. Or, 3 New
Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and $1..50—
$3.50 in all.

^^^^^

Only $3.50. f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
Bee Hive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine " belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, " The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was conceived in the brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was not thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
aud the hours " told off " in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the flying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced by the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselfishly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of the old-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the old-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
will use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Miller.

Address all orders to GEORGE W.YORK & CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

May 30, 1907

471

Am(>rican Hee Journalx^y^ %

J

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Famous
Honey-
Producers
I am bookint: orders now for April. May
and .Iiine delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
iaD8t and GoldeiiH — equal to the beet, re-
gardless of price. Prices:

Tested Queens ?1, 00 each; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" -.'5 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " .5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives,
Foundatloa, etc , as we can save you time and
frelg^ht. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redfokd, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six,$5.00. Tested, $1,50 tip.
Correspondence solicited.

HOBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
I eared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .90

" Tested Queen 1.10

" Select Tested Queen 1.40

" Breeder Queen 2.20

*' Comb Nucleus fno

Queen) 95

*' Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Untested in May. All others

ready now from last ceason^s

rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices

on larger quantities and description of each

grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG ^

5Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clakinda, Iowa.

ftngefsGolden Beauties

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few ei^uals and no superiors. A fine,
larg-e Queen of either strain for f 1; an extra-
select breeder for $2.50. Have bad 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANGEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, EvANSViLLE, Ind.

Your Order for (|aeens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Iti lian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, $1.00
each; Untested Queens, 75 cents; $8 per doz.

J. W. K. SHAW

30Atf LoREAUviLLK, Iberia Pa., La.

McHtlon Bee Journal irhea vrrttlmc.

^ We will Buy and
I Sell

'HONEY

m

^W of the different grades and kinds.
If you have any to dispose of, or if

you intend to buy, correspond

with us.

We are always in, the market
for

Beeswax

:a^ at highest market prices.

m Hildreth & Segelken

|5j 265 & 267 Qreenwich Street

NEW YORK, N. Y.

{\M TFJCNIC Caucasians, Italians, Cyprians
V^-JCd'^O and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one extra
best select breedinR (Jueen, $3.(.Mj:one best imported
direct from Cauca>^us, *4.50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans; One best extra select breed-
ing. $2.00; one best imported, best Italian orCarni-
olan Queen. $2.50. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding. $i.SO; one best imported direct from
('yprus, $3.50. Prices in July, Aiipust and Septem-
ber. ."lU cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for 50 and 100 Queens. Caucasian, Italian.
Cyprian, and Carniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia, Ceylon, India, etc.,$i more.
B. HAUN5CHILD. the Queen-Breeder.

20AI3t Weissbach b. Pulsnits:, i. Sa.. Germany.

Bree(liiii»' (jueeiis and Nuclei

We oiler for early upring delivery fby mall)
Choice Italian lireedlog Queens at $2..5U each.

Also, K-frainu Nuclei of Italian bees with
Tested Italiao ijueens, at ?3.2.'> each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at $3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express fcharges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of (Jhicaico. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— lirst come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. .Jackson Blvd.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

Weil-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for i'ook^H Select-
llred QiieenN — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

('ook^!4 S<|iiure Honey-.lar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and onlj

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents bring^s sample jar by mail.

17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

FOR SALE

Italian Queens. Untested, nha each ; Tested,
$1.00 each; or 3 for .?2..50. Money order on
Canton, Mo. W. SIMPSON, Meyer, 111.

22A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

50 to To cases of two
Sgailon second-hand
Cans each. Clean and
in good shape. En-
quire of C. BECKER, Pleasant Plains, HI.
22A4t i*lease mention the Bee Journal.

For Sale

Something New=The Ideal Hive=TooI

' Bee-keepers have long needed a special Tool to work among the hives during the bee-
season. The one shown here was invented by Wm. Muench, a Minnesota bee-keeper, some
years ago, but it was not on the market before. We have lately bought this Tool, and ail
rights, from Mr, Muench's widow, and have had the first lot made. They are ready for de-
livery now.

( This picture is exactly one-half the size.)

DBSCRIPTION.-The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of high-grade mallealjle iron, much like wronght iron,
8H inches long. The middle part is l 1-16 inches wide and 7-32 thick. The smaller end is IJ^ inches long. (^
inch wide, and 7-3-2 thirii, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prying up covers, supers, etc., as it does not mar the wood.

What Dr. Miller and Miss Wilson Say of It:

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's " Forty Tears Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. V, 1907, h3
wrote us saying he thought "just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool : " It is an ideal tool.
In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly lost in
the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its worth."

The " Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will mail ftn Ideal Hive-Tool FREE as a premium to any present paid-in-advance
subscriber to the Anurican Bee Journal, for sending us OXE NEW subscription for a year at
?1.00; or we will sund the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool— both
for S1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents. Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

CHICAGO, ILL.

472

American Hee Journal

May 30, 1907

Standard=Bred Italian
FREE

PREMIUM QUEENS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every jear FREE to paid-in-advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery. I r I i i . '!_- IZT^

What Some Say orour~Stanaard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George W. Yoi-k <fc Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are fine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York d- Co.;— After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 9'., Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date^ and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have never built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Chas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George W. York cfc Co.: — The queen 1 bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N. P. 0GLE3BT.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George ir. York <£• Co.: — The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced her into a colony
which had been queenless for 30 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Queen next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
SI. 00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for gl.OO. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send ?1 50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served.'^ Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

DCC DAAI/C Sent postpaid by
DEC DUUIVO George W. York & Co.,
118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Advanoed Bee-Cultnre. Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
— The author of this work is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read his book; 330 pages; bound in
cloth, and beautifully illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Cultnre, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.

SoientiBc Queen-Rearing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

Ijangstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is complete without
tliis standard ■u^ork by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth— the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey as a Healtli Food — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to-
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honev as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it. etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy tor 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents; 100 tor $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 tor
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Among the Bees, bv Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 32S
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first fe'^v
pages are devoted to an interesting
biograpliical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

"The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet. S^ixSH inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupying
a full page, but in different part's of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namelv. "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom," "Buckwheat Cakes and Honev,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should he placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar witli the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
.iect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

May 30, I'M?

American ^ee Journal

(7-j

l^^gf^^vrj

hookn. DiiriiiK tho 1

n*. $7.500..

(XXJ.iXI hiivo bi-(*n exin-nded for Modern
Elo<nifiK-e. ^Sl'J.OOO.dOO.OO for Sto.id.ird'a
LfctnrcH. $21.t>OU.0(ao0 for tho Century
, Dictioriiirv. and the trenu-ndoufl Hum of
^ $44.0OO.(HX).(IO. coverincovHr half ami I lion
Beta of the Fncyclopiediii Britannica.
Thfse hooks were sold by 8ul»Bfription in
American homes and uales are still
goitig on.

We have a subacriptiou publication
which sella more retLdily than any of the
above. The demand is tiln-iidy so tre-
meniious that more oaiiitat ih required to
awhiK it. or get behind on orders. Profits
are enormons, several times savings bank
interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

I Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits

becoming etockholdere in a profitable
butdaesH. based on twenty years' experi-
ence. Remember, the success of this publi-
cation is not awiiy off in the future — it is
not prospet'tive. but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
©very hour. Sales of thin publication at
the timeof publishingthis advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pays large dividends and is as
solid as the Rockof CJibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
. certain to be so ereat that we shall
) have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
stock to be turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
I a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already oitrning big dividends.and which
MB led to sell a small amount of its stock
simply because the business is alreadv so
tremendous as to exhaust the working
capital. But if >ou would grasp this op-
portunity yon must

|v Write Qaick-Only a Few Can Come In

^)SJ Address your letter to me personally,

^^ Jite this—

^ W. B. Gilbert

Dept. G Z8 Jackion Blvd..Clucuo

BEE-SUPPIIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Unce, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Lanf,'stroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Kemember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled bv anv othpr
make.

i

i are not excelled by any other

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRETGflMER MFG. CO.. Council BiuHs, lowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.i

Catalogs issued in English or German.

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrltlns.

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker w
recommend above all others.

IT. li. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements. '

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50^ inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use l.lQ 31^ "

Conqueror- right for most apiaries ......]... l!oO— 3 "

Large — lasts longer than any other 90 2W "

Little Wonder — as its name implies .......... !65— 2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham i Iletherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGfiflM. Farwell, MiGtl.

Patented May 20,

BEST ON EARTH.

BEE=SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation, Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Jonmal.

Simplex D66"nlV6 cheapest, most' du-
rable, perfect, eflicieui implement. Constructed
without boards. Any one ran manufacture it.
License of U. S. Patent granted. Address,

17 A6t P. O. BOX 332, Colton, Calif.

Mention Bee Jonmal n-hen vrrltlns.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
caa produce Brig-ht Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing-orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6.5o. Tested, $1.U0,
or 6 for $5.50. 2frame nuclei with Youner Queen
afer June 1, $2.00. GEO. W. BARNES.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2:
Select Tested, 13. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3At£ JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

mention Be« Jonmal nben wrttlns.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each; six, $3.50

Selected untested 7Sc " "4 00

Tested Ji.oo " " s m

Selected tested 1.25 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen. 2.00
Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Qreenville, Ala.

17Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Please Mention the American Bee Journal lt^J&^

PICK YOUR MAN
HE 15 NEAR YOU

And Will Care for Your Orders

Long, long ago there was only one place
where jou could get LBWIS goods.

But now the Lewis familj^ has so increased
that LEWIS goods are for sale every-
where.

Over a score of distributing houses for the
famous LEWIS BEEWARE are scat-
tered over the earth.

Send to the nearest one, and save freight,
time and trouble.

Emerson T. Abbott, St. Joseph

Mo.
Frank Rauchfuss, Mgr. Colo

rado Honey-Producers' Asso

elation, Denver, Colo.
Chas. H. Lilly, Pres. Chas. H

Lilly Co., Seattle, Portland,

San Francisco.

E. H. Taylor, Welwyn,!'.HertB,
England.

Chas. B. Stevens, of C. B.

Stevens & Co., Havana, Cuba
A. G. Woodman, of A. G. Wood

man Co., Grand Rapids, Mich
C. M. Scott, of CM. Scott Co.

Indianapolis, Ind.
A. I. Davis, Sec'y Southwestern

Bee Co., San Antonio, Tex.
Fred Foulger, of Fred Foulger

& Sons, Ogden, Utah.

F. R. Davis, Ass't Mgr. Grand
Junction Fruit Growers' Asso-
ciation, Grand Junction, Colo.

IL R. C. Aikin, Loveland,'Colo.
12 and 13. Norris it Anspach, Ken-
ton, Ohio.
H. M. Arnd, Mgr. York Honey

it Bee-Supply Co., Chicago,

111.
Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars,

Iowa.
M. H. Silvernale, Mgr. Kenyon

Yard, Wisconsin Lumber Co..

Faribault, Wis.
Paul Bachert, Lancaster, Calif.
Chas. N. Greene, of Cleaver it

Greene, Troy, Pa.

A. Lehman, Mgr. Arkansas Val-
ley Honey-Producers' Asso-
ciation, Rocky Ford, Colo.

B. C. Hanssen, of Louis
Hanssen's Sons, Davenport,
Iowa.

Robert Halley, Montrose, Colo.
L. C. Dadant, of Dadant tt Sons,
Hamilton, 111.

14

19

30,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

Manufacturers
— of—

Bee-Heepers' Supplies

Offices, Factories and Warehouses,

WATERTOWN, WIS., U.S.A.

Established 30 Years.

flnniial OUtDUl) ^^^ntu MiHlon Sections
MiiiiumwubMui) Q^g j^yjj^^g^ Ttiousand Hives

May 30, 1907

475

f ^^^g^^

[American Hee Jonrna j^^^^^^^^n

A GREAT IMPROYENEINT

will be found In

-Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
for 1907

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for SI. 00.

Send for sample copv and our new
illustrated price-list of EtEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER NFG.CO.

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years. J

mention Be« Jonrnal Trhen nrltlBK'

^oney anb
4- ^ecstpax^-

Chicago, May 9.— Very little honey on the
market of any kind. Prices are therefore nom-
inal. A little choice white clover comb sold at
17c, and would bring that at present, but sup-
ply seems to be exhausted ; even with this scar-
city there Is no demand for No. 2 grades. Ex-
tracted, white, 7@Sc; amber, 6(^Tc. Beeswax in
good demand at 32c. R. A. Buknett & Co.

Cincinnati, May 23.— There is no material
change in the honey market at this writing.
Extracted honey is not moving so rapidly as it
could, owing to the cool weather. We quote
amber in barrels at 5J4@6>ic; fancy table honey
in crates of iwo 60pound cans at 8@9c. For
choice, yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are
paying 31c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, May 25.— The hoaey market
has been quite brisk for this time of the year.
The continued cold weather has made both the
comb and extracted honey sell much higher
than usual. A number of odd lots have been
cleaned out of the market. We quote: Fancy
comb, 14(aa5c; No. 1, 13@l4c; amber, 12('Z' 13c.
Fancy white extracted. 7@8c; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax firm at 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblsek.

New York, May 21.— White comb honey is
practically cleaned up, and there is very little
demand at this time. There is some dark and
mixed comb on the market, but no demand to
speak of, and some of this will have to be car-
ried over until next season, or sold at a sacri-
fice. Therefore we cannot enconrage ship-
ments of off-grades or dark honey at this time.
Extracted honey is in fair demand and prices
are ruling firm. There is very little new crop
arriving as yet from the South, and while it is
rather early, we doubt whether we will have
any large shipments from the Southern States
this season, as we fear there will be a short
crop, judging from the reports we are receiv-
ing. There is quite a good stock of last year's
crop still on the market, sufficient to last until
the new crop from various states arrives.
There is no change in price as to extracted
honey since our last. Beeswax firm and likely
to remain so for the next 2 months.

HiLDRETH & SeGELKEN.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for l'.«>7 now on Imml.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-
RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

aslmost all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for Bame.

A Special Discount on Earlu Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Order for

L.ANSI, and CAUCASIAI^S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaries,
theUOL.!)!-:.^ VKI.-

LOWS, CAR.mo-

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146r48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Avei.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@i7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6{ai7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Poudbr.

Toledo, May 3.— There is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season of the year. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16(ai7c; No. 1, lS@16c, with no
demand for dark honey. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees-
wax is bringlng2Sc.

The Griggs Bros. «fe Nichols Co.

Kansas City, May 4.— Receipts of comb and
extracted honey are light; in fact, the market
is almost bare. The demand for comb honey
is good, but for extracted is rather light. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sections, $3.2S; No.
2, $2.75; No. 2 amber, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted,
white, 8@9c; amber, 7(ai8c. Beeswax, SOc.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,80. White
extracted, S@8>ic per pound; light amber,
7K@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27(a28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. HoNEY-PRODncERS' Assn.

Cincinnati, May 21.— The market on fancy
white comb honey is entirely bare. No. 2 is
selling slowly at 12c. Extracted, light amber,
brings S^@6c. Beeswax is selling here at $35
per 100 pounds. C. H. W. Weber.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watir St. Chicago. Ilu

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrttlas.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Aplcnltural Field more

completely than any other pnblished,

send SI. 20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

•'Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DIacoantf to the Trade.

"Xhe continuous advertiser
gets the bulk of the business,
because others are not adver-
tising:, and he is."

BEE SUPPLIES.

We handle the finest bee supplies, made by the W. T. FALCON ER M FG.
CO., Jamestown, N. Y. Big Discounts on early orders, let us figure
with yeu on your wants. . .

MUTH SPECIAL DOVE TAIL HIVES, have a henoy board, warpi'
proof cover, and bottom board, think of it, same price as the regular
styles. Send for Catalog.

- THE FRED. W. MUTH CO.,

T ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

476

May 30. 1907

American ^ee Journal

m

BEESWAX

We are always in the market to buy Beeswax, and pay the highest market
prices. We want Beeswax from the bee-keepers direct.

DADAST'S FOUNDATION

.^IT EXCELSi^

Wherever you are you can get our goods. Write us and we will either
make you prices or will tell you where you can get our Foundation nearer to
you. We have Agents everywhere.

BEE = SUPPLIES

We handle every kind of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and only the very best.
Write us before selling your Beeswax or buying your season's Supplies.
Send for our Catalog.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

!r(frti|iP7f'P?f? ?»T T^^Sp T»T7»T^TT»T~».« it.- 'hT^.- <!»? •^»." -tf Mr wPT».- -if- 'if iM '♦■ it- 'H ^i." «•■ •"!♦.■ ^t" <»■ 'M >♦.• ■!»? :%!■ ^f.'

^

m

#

^

Marshfield Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having- bought once, you wiU buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why^ should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our miU and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

D0VETA1LED;H1VES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have notjyet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, KnoxTille.

Gregory & Son, Ottnmwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — lyengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Bnell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairbury.
CANADA-N. H. Smith, Tilbury. Ont.
ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phoenix.
MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-

plj Co., Harmony. .■ . . ^

ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glen wood.

47th Year

June 6, 1907

Number 23

TWENTY-PAGE NUMBER

June 6, 1907

American Hee Journal

PriiLlSHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

116 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SITBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
$X.C)0 a year, in the United Staiea of America and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for poBtape. Sample copy free.

TUE WKAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end (.)f the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance. ■■dec(i7" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per ftgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothiag less than % inch accepted.

P -^

Now is the Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES-

AND SAVE MONEY

Time Discounts.

4 times 5 per cent

13 " . ...10 "
26 " ...20 "
52 " ...30 "

3pace Discounts.

100 lines.

SCO " .
1000 " .
20OO " .

. 5 per cent
.10 "
.20 "
.30 "

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dofetalied Hives, Sections. Section-Holders,
^ Separators, Brood Frames, Foundation, Nniokers, Ex-

S^ tractors, Shippinisf-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
^S many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
la^ make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
S' ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

^ We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can

S^ ship promptly.

i Minnesota Dee-Keepers' Supplu Go.

^ JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,

^ Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen vrrltlnff.

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

HO

TO PAINT

Buggies, tarm wagons, fanning tools, barns, outbuildings and
bouses often need painting. **Everybody's Paint Book," written by a thorough-
ly practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting.
■».»■/.,>..>■. .-w^.-.-'.-'s."--—-'-—^ ..>..v.-x.^.»..-./-../-./«. j^ j^ designed for the special use of those who wish to do their own painting. It gives

National BeeKe.eDers' Association P^ctic^l lessons in plaln painting, varnishing, polishing, staining, paper bang-
iiu^iviiMi ■'^v* K ing, kalsoniining, etc.

It also tells how to renovate furniture and gives many hints on artistic work
for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mixing paints for all purposes.

If farming tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, and
anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantially
bound in cloth. A coj^y will be sent postage prepaid on receipt of price, ^l.OO

Objects of the Association.

lgl._Xo promote the interests of its raembers.

•2d.— To protect and detend its members In their
awful riKhts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration ol
honey. _

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

fy If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Juurnal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mail

<N?"^£Sv^' O '-^'^'' "" BEE ny HONEY
--;;^\?^ f^^mfy ^^ cmccr this lonely heart?
1 cANNor^^^a For I WOULD nxj you all the Tint/

And WZ would NfVEft PART
LOiC

y, Tou

As most uf our readcio kuuiv, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith shew the card in reduced
size, and but one coloi , while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
0 iiilver), or 5 FKEE with the American Bee
lOarnal one year at $1.00; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2};^
incheg in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

SPECIAL OFFERS

For 81.60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee Journal one year ;
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Dliimer's GoniD Founflalion

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer*s

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices lor next aeason for WORKING WAX lor CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden aud 3 banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed ana filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens iM cents
each: 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6 So. Tested, $l.uO,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.00 GEO. W. BARNES.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Mention Bee Journal nben wrttlnK,

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root's Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each; six, $3.50

Selected untested "Sc " " 4.00

Tested $1.00 " " 5.00

Selected tested 1.23 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen.. 2.00

Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Qreenvllle, Ala.

17Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

June 6, 1907

"^^^^f==^

American ^ee Journal

PURE ITALIANJEES FOR SALE

Full colonies, in up to-date hives; Nuclei and
choice (Queens.

Hersliiser Wax Press an<l oiher Lewis
Bee-.Supi>Ii«-R. Good Goods and Fronint
Shipment. •

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, ou almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

HtS^Seml tor lUt ot SliKhlly l>aiii-
aped <.oo<i<« to .select troni at Recluved
frices. Also for 190" Catalog ot New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honev
in eOpound cans for sale.

H. M. ARIND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not mc

Long Distance Telephoae, North im 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO ILL

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location^)

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SIIPPI 1F«>

Our specialty is making. Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott. Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Journal.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

0

POULTRY SUPPLIES

thin^^^%^^^^^1^e:^i'l;|S;^^-^,J;^-^rS;B™oders,Eg^^ Every-

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., ludlanapoHs, Ind.

QUEENS FOR YOU

fiolden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and 3-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, 7.5c;
Tested, *1 on. I'rices on large quantities oron
Bees given on u[. plication. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO.

JOHN W. PMAkK, Prop.. Berclalr, Tex.s.

12A1( Pleawe mention the Bee Joirnml.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial atone. PracticallT lade-
strnctlble, and giving entirely aatiafaclorT re-
,:, '-°™'' foundation made easily and
Quickly at less than half the cost of buylne
from the dealers. Price of Press (or L. frame
sheets, 12.U0. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

•"SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

BEE=SUPPUES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation. Smokers
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12A13t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-Clipping
Deyice is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it PKEE as
a premium for sending us One
I New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Wor a year at $1.00; or for 11.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

•^ OEORae W. YORK & CO.,

.^ , - CHICAGO, ILL.

" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder.'

Established 1889

"GOING SOME."

By the Bee-Crank

A writer in the Philadelphia
Record says that a pound of
honey represents the product
of 62,000 clover blossoms, and
that it requires 2,750,000 trips
of the bee to collect it. If
every round-trip averaged one
and one-tenth miles, it would
mean that in collecting it a
single bee would travel 3,000,-
000 miles, or 120 times the
distance.

These are good figures to bear in mind the next
time you order supplies. They will help you to be
patient while you are waiting for them— unless
you order of Pouder, and then you won't need them.

Indianapolis is like a great bee-hive. It is a

bee-line to Indianapolis and back again from every
point in the country. The splendid shipping
facilities here have had as much to do with my
success in establishing a reputation for prompt
shipments as my determination to do it has had.
The next time you conclude that your supplies
have started ou a circuit of the earth to reach you,
give me a trial.

I sell Root's goods at Root prices, and carry a
full line of bee-supplies, which are told about in
my catalog that you have for the asking.

Send me your beeswax and I will pay you the
best market rates for it.

Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis. Ind. *' ^^^'

Dear Sir .—The Pouder Honey-Jars just received Not a
broken jar in the lot. Truly Yours, "

G. D. LiTTOOT.

W^fll'fPl* ^ PoilHf*f ^*3-5I5 Massachusetts Avenue
YYCllLCl O. t'UUUCr INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Observation Hive Inside a Room vrith Entrance utider the
liaised Hash.

ROOT OBSERVATION HIVE

In recent years there has been an ever-increasing Interest in
bees as a subject for nature study in the schools, and a correspond-
ing demand for observation hives to facilitate the study of bees at
work, without exposing the student directly to them, as is necessary
with ordinary hives. To meet this demand we offer several styles
and sizes of observation hives. These are made with skeleton frame,
with glass in sides and ends of the brood-chamber, and in sides only
of the super. Shutters are provided to cover the glass. These
shutters have brass rings to handle them by and brass buttons to
hold them in place. Brass hooks are also provided to hold the sev-
eral sections of the hive together. The hives are finished in the
natural wood, oiled and varnished, and altogether they are very
attractive in appearance. We furnish them regularly in 8-frame,
Langstroth depth. The super is fitted for the 4x5x1^8' plain section.
Hives are usually furnished put together and finished. We can sup-
ply material in the flat, but it is work for a cabinet-maker who un-
derstands his business to put them up, and we do not care to fur-
nish them in flat unless you order one complete as a model.

The bottom is no longer than the hive, and a covered extension is provided to lead the bees out-doors under the window-
sash or other opening provided. In the full-sized hive a colony of bees can be kept by a window the year round, or for only a,
part of the season, as may be desired. The work of the hive, including the building of comb in the sections, can be watched

at intervals without opening the hive or disturbing the
bees. For work in the school-room before a class we rec-
ommend the one-frame hive. With the one-frame observa-
tion hive it is necessary to remove the frame of bees and
put in a fresh one about once a week at least, for the best
results. As a rule, arrangements may be made with a
local bee-keeper to provide a frame of bees each Monday
morning, returning at end of week.

We make one-frame observation hives for L. frames
or for Danz. frames and a row of sections above, or the L.
frame with a row of sections above. These are provided
with a wood case to slip over to shut out the light when
you are not watching the bees. We show this one-frame
-; hive and the case in accompanying Illustration. This con-
'^ lSiHHS^H^^S^^^^S^&.£.^\s'^t^ ot burned-wood corners with glass inserted in grooves

in ends as well as the sides.

Ohservalion Bive xoith J'imeh liemoved.

pr-icb-IjISt of OBSBR-VA-TION hi-vbs

Observation Hive (8-frame), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass— and bees with queen $15.00

Observation Hive (8-frame), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass — no bees 7.50

Observation Hive (8. frame), without frames 7.00

" Super " complete, with sections 2.50

" Hive " without super 5.00

" Brood-chamber, complete, with frames — no cover

or bottom 'X

Observation brood-chamber without frames 3.25

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frame, no super, with

case

One-frame Observation Hive for Hoffman L. frames, no super,

with case

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frames, with super,

with case

One-frame Observation Hive for Hoffman L. frames, with su-

ner, with case

(For bees and queen in one-frame hive, add S3.00. )

2.50
2.50
3.00
3.00

I

One-frame Observation Ilira witJi Case lien

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the Post-Office at Clilcago as Becond-Clasa Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Ci>., tl« W. Jackson Blvd.

GEOKGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 6, 1907

VoL XLVn— No, 23

!diforial vNoi
Commeiifs

Improvement of Bee-Stock

Considerable has been said in these col-
umns in this regard, and more is likely to be
said so long as the need is so urgent. Re-
enforcement of the views given may be found
in an earnest article in the British Bee Jour-
nal, not written by any radical hot-head, but
by that canny Scotchman, D. M. Macdonald.
His closing paragraph contains the following
summing up:

Now this I say without fear of contradic-
tion : While we have men who rear so few
queens that they have to keep customers
waiting we shall never have selection ! Every
queen of every batch goes out, no matter
what defects she may possess, if they are not
over-patent. That it may not be supposed
that I am a voice " crying in the wilderness "
on this subject, I should like to quote a few
authorities showing that improvement is
urgently desired by others :

Mr. McEvoy, of Canada, says: "Ninety
percent of the queens on the American Con-
tinent want killing,"

Mr. Green considers " too much of our
breeding has been done haphazard, and with-
out any intelligent direction. My own ex-
perience with superior stock has been very
disappointing."

Mr. SchoU's opinion regarding our queens
is : " The best of them is none too good. Too
little attention is given this subject, and if
more were given better strains would be
found than the run-down strains that are not
yielding the profit that could be obtained."

Mr, Hutchinson's opinion is that "well-
directed efforts at improving stock will prove
the most profitable of any which a bee-keeper
can pursue. The wonder is that it is so
greatly neglected."

The American Bee Journal has again and
again quite recently devoted short editorials
to the subject of improvement of stock, and
has emphsized the pressing need there is for
securing better queens. It has even the
gravest doubts whether the belauded " tested
queens " really conform to the guarantee
given by queen-breeders.

In addition to what I have quoted, a very

large bulk of further evidence eould be pro-
duced from both sides of the Atlantic, to
show that the subject deserves the gravest
consideration if bee-keeping is to take the
prominent position which is its due.

Self-Spacing Frames— and Fairness

On page 349 appears a review of the Re-
view's view of self-spacing frames. While
thinking that the arguments in reply were
the best possible in the case. Editor Hutch-
inson deems it unfair that the last paragraph
of his article was utterly ignored, which
paragraph reads as follows:

When it comes to the production of ex-
tracted honey, the frames with staples and
projections, "excrescences," I call them, are
simply not " in it." For several reasons it is
better to space the combs wide apart in the
supers, when the self-spacing arrangements
come to naught. The same can't be said of
them, however, when it comes to using the
honey-knife.

Editor Hutchinson admits that he read the
arguments through with just the shade of a
twinkle in his eye as he wondered what
would be said in reply to that last paragraph.
Which is much the same as saying that in the
said paragraph he felt he held an impregna-
ble position, and was enjoying in advance the
discomfiture of the enemy in attempting to
attack it. Well, now, when a military com-
mander comes up at'ainst something that he
knows to be utterly impregnable, what is the
use of his wasting good shot by firing at it?
But that Mr. Hutchiuson may not feel too
much aggrieved at the neglect of his pet
paragraph, it shall liave, here and now, the
benefit of the best shci m the locker.

First, it may be wel. :o note the limitations
of the argument. Evi Icntly it can not apply
in any way to that cl.iss of bee-keepers who

produce comb honey exclusively; not such a
very small class. Neither can it apply to the
brood-chambers of those who never use brood-
combs and extracting-combs interchangeably.
Indeed, from the wording of the paragraph it
was intended to apply only to those frames
which, with "excrescences" which space
them properly tor the brood-chamber are still
used in the extracting-super.

When thus used "the spacing arrange-
ments come to naught." Correct ; they are a
negative quantity, doingno good, and equally
doing no harm.

" The same can't be said of them, however,
when it comes to using the honey-knife." Let
us see about that. Self-spacing frames may
be divided into two classes. The first class,
as the Hoffman, has the projections for spac-
ing on each side of the end-bar. Bees seal
their combs with a space of 3^ inch or more
between two opposing surfaces. Move the
frames apart V inch more than in the brood-
chamber, and the comb will be flush with the
projections. That would be spacing 1"^ from
center to center, and as " it is better to space
the combs wide apart in the supers," 1 •5;' is
probably none too much. Indeed, it is less
than many use. Even if the knife should
occasionally strike a spaeer, the knife would
be little hurt by striking wood.

The second class embraces those which
have a spacer that projects at one side of the
end-bar, such as the Miller frame or those
spaced with staples. To have such spacers
on a level with the surface of the comb, the
spacing must be 1% from center to center.
Even with such wide spacing, unless the bees
built their combs with the utmost exactness,
the knife would sometimes strike a spacer
and as spacers in this class are mostly of
metal, there would be trouble. Even so one
need not despair, for self-spacing frames of
the second class have the spacers at only one
end on each side, and if one always begins
with the knife at that end there ought to be
little chance for trouble. Besides, if intended
for extracting, spacers in this second class
need not be such as will hurt the knife. Very
satisfactory ones have been made of wood,
and only lately C. S. Lord has brought out a
spacer with a head of type-metal which should
answer excellently.
There, Mr. Hutchinson, that is the best, the

482

June 6, 1907

American Bee Journal

very best on hand in this locality to nieet the
case, and you will please remember that
others besides yourself may feel aggrieved if
their best paragraphs are ignored; so we will
look with interest, even if with no shade of a
twinkle in the eye, to see what you will do
with us in the near future.

British Bee-Keepers' Insurance

Details of this are given in the British Bee
Journal. The British Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion has arranged with insurance companies
to issue a policy to an intending insurer after

he has sent to the Association " a premium of
2 cents per colony on the maximum number
of colonies kept; minimum premium IS
cents."

The policy is to indemnify the owners of
bee-hives insuring under the British Bee-
Keepers' scheme against their liability to
third parties for damages to persons or prop-
erty occasioned by bees from the insured api-
ary outside such apiary, such claim in any
one year not to exceed the sum of f 150 in the
aggregate, and not to include any claim for
injury to the assured, or persons, or live
stock under his control. The policy covers
the period from March 25, 1907, to March 35,
1908, only.

for Wisconsin, completed his 10th year as
inspector, on May 2S— about a week ago.
Wisconsin bee-keepers are to be congratu-
lated on their being able to retain Mr. France
as inspector for so long a time.

{Miscellaneous
fleujs - Items

National Convention at Harrisburg.

—The Executive Committee of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association has selected Harris-
burg, Pa., as the place for the 1907 meeting.
The exact date at this time has not yet been
agreed upon. No doubt it will be settled
very soon, when we will be pleased to make
further announcement. We congratulate
Pennsylvania beekeepers, and all others of
the East, on the decision of the committee to
hold the next National convention at Harris-
burg. It oufht to be a well attended meet-
ing, and doubtless will be.

' To Bee or Not to Bee ?"

" To bee or not to bee ?"— when that old fellow

Sprung that conundrum on us long ago,
He probably (when springtime should be

mellow, , . ^

And all the earth with warmth and heat

aglow) .

Stood by hissnowclad bee-hives wondering
If time had struck and there would be no

spring.
As we this year in Michigan ; and he,
Disgusted, wondered if it paid to Bee.

It is warmer now; maybe we'll get some
honey yet. C. H. Benson.

Bellevue, Mich., May 18.

A "World's Pure Pood Show.— Chi-
cago's first annual World's Pure Food Show,
which will be held at the Coliseum, Nov. 19
to 25, 1907, has already enlisted the hearty
support and co-operation of manufacturers
and dealers in all parts of the country. The
names of the members of the various com-
missions are a guaranty to exhibitors of the
great commercial, industrial and educational
value of the exposition.

Seventy-five awards will be made in as
many classifications. All of them will be
granted under the direct supervision of the
commiBsions, which are honorary bodies.

Enthusiasm over the exposition is wide-
spread. For the first time in the history of
Jood-product expositions, the exhibitor will
be furnished with his booth. An elaborate

scheme of decoration will be carried out.
Running all around the building an aisle 15
feet wide will carry the main crowd of specta-
tors. Along the outside of this aisle will be
scenic reproductions of shops of all nations
and time, making the aisle a veritable prome-
nade of all nations. In the center of the
building the booths will be uniform in de-
sign and color— a White City of pure foods
and food products.

Managing Director Thos. T. Hoyne has
already received hundreds of letters in regard
to space and inquiring for information, dia-
gram, etc.

The first allotment of space was not to be
made to exhibitors before June 1. Owing to
the fact that an enormous amount of space
has been devoted to aisles— more than in any
previous exposition at the Coliseum— the
actual space to be sold for exhibition purposes
seems ludicrously small in comparison with
the floor area of the big building.

It is the purpose of the management to
make the annual World's Pure Food Show
the most attractive exposition held in Chi-
cago, and with this idea plenty of space has
been given up to handle a crowd of 20,000
spectators daily.

It seems to us this will be a fine opportunity
for bee-keepers to make an exhibit of honey
that would simply surprise the public. We
do not now recall just where we saw it, but
some one suggested that the National Bee-
Keepers' Association would be the proper or-
ganization to take charge of the honey ex-
hibit. Why not use some of the money re-
ceived from the Honey-Producers' League,
for the purpose mentioned? Surely, it would
be good advertising for all bee-keepers, for
this World's Pure Food Show will be adver-
tised everywhere, and the various exhibits
will be described and Illustrated in countless
numbers of papers and magazines.

Prof. A. J. Cook, of Claremont, Calif.,
made this office a brief call on Monday of
last week, when on his way East to meet his
wife and daughter on their way home from
Germany, where they have been the past two
years. The " Professor " is looking fine, and
seems to be as youthful as ever, although he's
around 65 years now.

Bread and Honey

Of all the meals you can buy for money,

Give me a meal of bread and honey !

A table of grass in the open air,

A green bank for an easy chair.

The table-cloth inwrought with flowers,

And a grasshopper clock to tick the hours.

Between the courses birds to sing

To many a hidden shining string.

And neither man nor maid be seen,

But a great company of green.

Upon a hundred thousand stalks,

Talk to us its great green talks.

And when the merry meal is done,

To loiter westward with the sun.

Dipping fingers ere we go

In the stream that runs below.

Of all the meals you can buy for money.

Give me a meal of bread and honey.

Richard Le Galliennk.

Aiuerikanische Bienenzuclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

Mr. N. E. Prance, of Platteville., Wis.,
General Manager of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, and also Inspector of Apiaries

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs— words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for Sl.lO. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

'^
^

The Sixth Annual Report of the

Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association has
just been issued, containing 176 pages. Its
contents, besides considerable miscellaneous
matter, are the 1906 reports of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, the National,
and the Chicago-Northwestern. There are a
number of very fine engravings of apiaries,
the Illinois State Capitol, etc. Cloth-bound
copies were issued for the members of the
Association only, and will be sent out as longj
as they last to any who become members oi
the payment of f 1.00 to the Secretary, which T
not only secures a cloth-bound copy, but
membership in the State Association one year,
and the same in the National Association. A
paper-covered copy of the Report will be
mailed to any one who sends 15 cents to the
Secretary to pay postage and wrapping. We
think the Sixth Annual Report is as attrac-
tive and instructive as any we have ever
issued. General Manager N. E. France says
concerning this Report: "It is a credit to
all concerned in getting it out."

Jas. A. Stone, Sec.
Route i, Springfield, 111

L

June 6, 1907

483

American lae Journal i^

p=^^^?$f^'2

Sntrib

i

Something About Queens in
the Spring

BY G. M. DOOI.ITTLK

When settled warm weather comes
in the spring, it is necessary that each
colony contains a good, prolific queen,
for if the queen in any colony should
be old and failing, that colony could
not be gotten in the best shape to take
advantage of the honey harvest.

As the queen is mother of all of the
bees in a hive, she must be able to lay
rapidly so as to increase the population
of the colony, and if such an one is not
in the hive, she should be superseded
with a better queen.

It often happens that the queen dies
of old age during the winter or early
spring, and in that case it is absolutely
necessary that the apiarist knows it,
else the colony will dwindle away till
it is overpowered with robber-bees and
the stores carried off, when the combs
will be devoured by the larv^ of the
wax-moth. Old bees rapidly die oflf
with the work that now devolves upon
them, for old age is brought about very
much in accord with the labor done ;
hence at this time of activity it is very
necessary that all colonies contain
good queens from whose brood many
young bees will be emerging, more
than to make good those dying of old
age. There is no other way of know-
ing for a certainty just what is going
on inside of a hive, except by opening
it and inspecting the combs. To know
if there is a queen in the hive, inspect
the combs, and if no eggs or small
larvas are found in the bottom of the
cells at this season of the year, you
can reasonably expect that they are
queenless, while, if the eggs are few
and scattered about in different cells
without regularity, the queen is unpro-
lific.

To be absolutely sure that a colony
is queenless, take a frame of comb
having eggs and little larvcB in it and
put it in the center of the supposed
queenless colony, leaving it there for
3 or 4 days. If queenless, queen-cells
will be formed over some of the little
larvae, while, if no such cells are
started, rest assured that the bees have
something they are cherishing as a
queen, which makes it unsafe to try to
introduce another until the thing they
are cherishing is disposed of. To find
such a queen carefully look over this
frame of brood, for in nine cases out of
ten she will be on this frame. In fact,
if I wish to find any queen that is not
laying, I always put a frame of young
brood into the hive containing such,
leaving the hive further undisturbed
for 3 or 4 hours, when, upon opening it

again, this frame of brood is imme-
diately lifted out, when, in nine cases
out of ten, anything which the bees
are keeping as a queen (and said queen
is not laying) will be found on this
frame of brood. This is the way to
find out whether a colony has a queen.
The started queen-cells will tell us that
the colony is absolutely queenless, and
if no cells are started, whatever they
have and are keeping as a queen, can
be found on this frame of brood we
have given.

To the accustomed eye of the practi-
cal apiarist, prolific queens are easily
found, especially if the bees are of the
Italian race, but a virgin queen, or an
apology for a queen, is often hard to
find by an expert, and was, to me, a
a very worrying aifair until I learned
this " giving of brood trick. ' '

From the middle of April to the mid-
dle of June a prolific queen can usually
be found between the hours of 9 a.m.
and 4 p.m., on one of the 2 outside
combs of the brood-nest, for most
queens seem to have a certain route
which they go over every 24 hours dur-
ing the time of enlarging the brood-
nest preparatory for the swarming sea-
son, she being in the center of the
brood-nest at midnight, and from there
traveling in her egg-laying toward the
outside of the brood till noon, when
she commences to return, reaching
the center again at midnight. The
next day she does the same thing again,
only going in the opposite direction,
or toward the opposite side of the
brood-nest, which brings her on one of
the 2 outside combs between the hours
mentioned.

As more eggs are laid in these out-
side combs than in any others at the
time of the brood being spread from
comb to comb, the queen is on these
outside combs longer in proportion
than she is on those which already
have their centers full of brood ; and
that she does not go clear across the
brood-nest during the daylight of one
day, I have proven by finding the
queen hundreds of times on the east
side of the brood-nest one day and on
the west side the next day ; the east
side the next day, and so on for days
in succession. Of course, I have never
opened the hives at midnight, but the
finding of the queen one or 2 combs
out from the center at sunset on a June
evening, and oue or 2 combs out from
the center in an opposite direction at
sunrise the next morning makes me
conclude that she is at the center at
midnight. All queens do not show
this regularity, and all persons do not
open a hive car filly enough so that
the queen is not stampeded from her
work; but a car. ul examination dur-
ing a week's tiuie will convince any

apiarist that most of the queens do
have a certain route in which they
travel in egg-laying, where the brood-
nest is not spread or materially inter-
fered with by the apiarist.

From this, in looking for a queen
during the period of time spoken of
above, I take out the frame in which
is the first brood in the hive next to
me, and if the queen is not on the comb
I next take the comb at the outside of
the opposite side of the brood-nest, and
in nine cases out of ten I find the queen
on one of these 2 combs at this time of
the year and at the time of day spoken
of.

In all of these operations, when
looking for queens, the operator should
always stand with the back to the sun,
so that the eyes may be in the shade
while the rays of the sun strike the
bees and the " face" side of the comb,
when, if the eyes are at all sharp at
queen-hunting, she will be quickly
seen. No person can expect to find a
queen readily with the sun shining in
his or her eyes, when the face side of
the comb on which we expect the queen
will be in the shade ; yet 1 have seen
many would-be bee-keepers looking for
queens in just that way, and wonder-
ing why they could not find them. If
the directions here given are followed
out it should not be a great job to find
any queen, whether fertile or unfertile.

Borodino, N. Y.

Experience With Caucasian
Bees

BY K. A. MORGAN

So many enquiries are coming in in
regard to the Caucasian race of bees,
that we think it our duty to give our
(Morgan Bros.) experience with them.

I notice most writers caution begin-
ners not to try Caucasians — not yet.
Some say they are still on probation
in this country ; others, that they are
vicious ; and others, that they are
away behind Italians in honey-gather-
ing qualities, are great propolizers, etc.

Now, to all of these I wish to say
they either have not tried them, are
prejudiced against them, or have not
the true Caucasians.

Our experience is that they are away
ahead of the best Italians, both in
honey-gathering and in hardiness, and
are non-stingers, perfectly gentle, so
much so that veil and smoker can be
laid away forever with them.

We were furnished 9 queens by the
Department at Washington in April,
1906, for experimental purposes — to
test them. We put them through a
series of tests alongside of 100 colo-
nies of the finest Italians.

It will be remembered that Morgan
Bros, have been extensive bee-keepers
and queen-breeders for 35 years, and
we tested these Caucasians intelli-
gently and carefully ; and we must say
for them this : First, they are perfectly
gentle — no amount of rough handling
will cause them to sting, and we ope-
rated them in cold weather on rainy,
and on muggy, hot days, when Italians
would sting viciously, and never re-
ceived a sting. Second, with the same
strength of colony they gave one-

484

June 6, 1907

American l^ee Journal

fourth more surplus than the best Ital-
ians. Third, they are more prolific,
therefore more profitable to keep.
Fourth, they are far the best winterers
— more quiet — both wintered outside
and in the cellar ; consume less honey,
and do not spring dwindle. They work
all day on cold, spring- days when Ital-
ians do not fly at all during the day.

In regard to propolis, they plaster
most of that near their entrance, but
carry none whatever to the sections.
Their section honey is whiter, cleaner
and better-finished than any Italians
ever did for us.

To beginners and ladies wishing to
start in bee-keeping, we consider them
the best of all, and we predict that as
soon as the veteran bee-keepers test a
pure strain of Caucasians, they will
very soon weed out their Italians and
keep none but the former.

South Dakota.

Bee-Keeping in Carniola

BY F. GREINKR

The home of the Carniolan honey-
bee (Carniola, Austria,) is also a coun-
try in Europe where bee keeping is
carried on by professionals, and where
bees are reared for sale and to stock up
the empty hives of less fortunate bee-
keepers. There must be a good honey-
flora in those mountainous sections, for
very large apiaries are kept. I hope
some time to see them myself, but at
present I only write from what I learn
through the press.

Ambrozic was the owner of one of
the largest and oldest bee-establish-
tnents in that part of the country, and a
circular of Strgaris coming tome now.
Bees and queens are reared here for
sale in large quantities. The apiaries
are kept in the mountains, and it is a
common sight to see men and women
following the mountain-paths with
hives containing bees strapped on
their backs, for it is probably imprac-
tical to reach these high points with
any vehicle. In America a business
could not be carried on this way on
account of high wages. It would
hardly pay here to move bees on the
backs of men and women carrying
them many miles.

The hives used in Carniola are rather
peculiar on account of their shape.
They are about 27 or 28 inches long,
and 12 inches wide ; in height they are
only about 7 inches. A hive with bees
like the illustration is sold for about
S3 in Carniola. The fact that such a
hive can winter bees in the cold, ex-
posed regions in Carniola speaks well
for the bees, and perhaps is also a
proof against the so often advanced
theory that bees ought to have their
winter stores above rather than at the
side of the cluster. However, it must
not be lost sight of that the method of
keeping the bees in Carniola difi'ers
from our own very materially. Such
hives are never placed singly ; on the
contrary, they are corded up as we
would cord-wood, the whole lot of bees
in one huge pile, and under one com-
mon roof. This manner of wintering
leaves only the ends of the hives ex-
posed, and if the combs run crosswise

and not lengthwise of the hive, there
are no frames in the hives producing
a draft around the cluster, and the
combs at the ends act as division-
boards, thus giving a very good pro-
tection.

The hives are made of thin lumber,
the ends being the heaviest. Prof.

Benton exhibited one of these ends or
fronts of such a hive, which he had
brought from Carniola some years ago.
It was decorated nicely with some
Bible scene — a habit these Carniolans
have of proving again that time is not
worth much with them.
Naples, N. Y.

<^anadian

^>o

Conducted by J. L. Bter, Mount Joy, Ont.

Early Manipulation of Bees

In Gleanings of May 1st, R. F. Hol-
termann tells of having "examined
colonies for queens, brood and honey,
clipped queens — something unusual
for us in March." While I am, as a
rule, pretty much in accord with Mr.
Holtermann's teachings, yet in this
case I would decidedly take issue with
him as to the advisability of such early
manipulations in our climate. I am
quite certain that tearing the brood-
nest apart early in the season, espe-
cially when no pollen or nectar is com-
ing in, is responsible for a whole lot of
queens " turning up missing " later on.

Aside from a little time gained by
having the queens clipped before a
busier time comes, I fail to see any
good reason for lifting the frames out,
in order to diagnose the condition of a
colony. Where a quilt is used, all that
is necessary is to turn the same up
slowly, and gently puff in a little
smoke to drive the bees down ; nine
times out of ten a single glance among
the frames will reveal the general con-
dition of the colony.

bee-keepers, among them Messrs. Mc-
Evoy and Storer, who follow this plan
every year with their super-combs.
While I personally have followed the
plan advised by Mr. H. — cutting out
the pollen-filled parts and melting into
wax — yet, after seeing Mr. Storer at
work scraping the pollen off, I am
bound to say that he made a neat job
of the matter.

Propolized Fingers for Clipping'
Queens

Speaking of clipped queens, Mr. H.
says : " If bee-keepers would thor-
oughly rub propolis over their fingers
before touching a queen, no evil results
would occur from foreign odors."
Dear me ! the problem with a number
of us has been how to keep the propo-
lis off our fingers ; in fact, the propolis
item was one of the factors that led me
to adopt the sensible plan of clipping
the queen without touching her with
my fingers at all.

Early Stimulating of Bees

Removing Pollen by Cutting
Down Combs

Commenting on a question asked by
a bee-keeper in England, as to whether
any British bee-keepers had tried the
"Canadian system " of cutting away
the comb to the base or mid-rib to re-
move pollen clog, Mr. Holtermanu says
that it is news to him that this plan is
a Canadian system. While I do not
know that the idea is of Canadian ori-
gin, yet I do know of a number of good

Mr. House, in his address, had con-
siderable to say in favor of early stimu-
lating, yet he admitted that stimulat-
ing was impracticable for out-yards.
To quote his own words :

" It is too much trouble to feed out-apiaries.
I stimulate them by giving them a queen so
prolific that she will lay all the time. I de-
pend upon my queens for stimulating out-
yards."

While it pleases me to agree with Mr.
House, yet it appears quite logical to
ask why he doesn't apply the same less

June 6, 1907

Am^ricaii Hee Jiournal

485

troublesome system to his home api-
ary. From remarks dropped by Mr.
House, I feel quite sure that in the
near future he will dispense with early
stimulating- altogether, as I feel sure
that with the right strain of bees colo-
nies can be in the very best of condi-
tion for the honey -flow without the
bee-keeper having to feed an ounce of
food in the early spring.

My home apiary, and the one at
Cashel, 4 miles away, have both win-
tered poorly, the loss all being caused
by dysentery, for which we blame a
small amount of honey-dew, coupled
with a very severe winter. At the
Altona yard, H miles away, every col-
ony wintered, and although the spring
has been very backward, pollen hav-
ing only been brought in 4 or S days to
date (May 13), yet 90 percent of the
yard require top stories inside of a
week or 10 days, if the weather is fine.

In fact, we found one colony with
queen-cells with eggs in, every avail-
able cell in the hive being occupied
with brood, pollen, or honey. Be it
remembered that the hives at this yard
are all equal in capacity to a trifle more
than a 12-frame Langstroth, and May
13 this year means, with us, previous
to any sugar-maple, dandelion, golden
willow or fruit-bloom. The surprising
difference in favor of this yard has
been laid to absence of honey-dew, yet
I find all around this apiary, at least SO
percent of other people's bees are dead.

I have no explanation to offer, but I
will simply say that at this yard there
is not a single Italian queen — the bees
being all Carniolan and blacks, and
their crosses. The hives were heavy
last fall with buckwheat honey, and
this spring, regardless of steady bad
weather, this honey was turned into
one great host of young bees. To use
Mr. House's statement, "the queens
were so prolific that they laid all the
time."

Sectional Hives Non-Starvers

Speaking of the sectional hive, Mr.
House, in his address at the Brantford
convention, said : " I never saw a col-
ony starve to death with honey in the
hive in a sectional brood-chamber."
Pretty strong claims, and enough al-
most to induce some bee-keepers, after
a winter like the last, to adopt a hive of
that style. Yet with a frame consid-
erably deeper than the Langstroth,
with ordinary precautions, there need
be little loss from the foregoing cause,
even if the divisible feature is lacking.

Why Not Advertise ?— There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and those who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will be
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to let
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to selH Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Conducted hy Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Those Texas Ants

It seems that it always takes some
" tenderfoot " to come to the wild and
woolly (?) West and "hatch" out
some wonderful tale that most of
we'uns, who have been " bred in old
Texas," know very little of. We knew
that there were ants in Texas — yes,
lots of them — but we did not know that
" the only way one can be sure of his
bees is to isolate each hive by standing
it on legs surrounded by water." My,
my ! what would the bee-keepers of
Texas say who have hundreds of thou-
ands of colonies right down on the

to call the attention of bee-keepers to
the danger of letting their apiaries
" run down," as it is commonly called ;
letting hives and combs from which
bees have died become exposed to
others or healthy bees. The picture
herewith shows just such a dilapidated
apiary.

Besides exposing these dangers, " it
is strictly against the law " to expose
any infected honey, comb, hive or ap-
pliances as per the foul-brood law,
hence it will be well to guard against
any such negligence, or else become
liable for a misdemeanor.

It may be well to remark again that

APIART DKVASTED BY FOUL BROOD.

ground, and are not bothered by ants ?
The writer is only one of these, with
hundreds of colonies. There are ants
here, too, but never have they done
harm to my bees. Hence, " in spite of
ants, weather, and all other adverse
conditions, bees do thrive in Texas,
and the wide-awake bee-keeper gets

his reward ."

I will admit that there may be some
isolated locations where ants may be
troublesome to some extent, but the
wideawake bee-keeper would soon
have the upper hand. It is true that
some of the smaller ants make trouble
for the bee-keeper, and for the house-
keeper, too, by getting into the honey
and other things, if not in tight ves-
sels ; and the easiest a nd surest remedy
is the " legs-iu-p.^ns-of-water.'" A lit-
tle careful study of these interesting-
little creatures -ill help much toward
getting along wiih them, however.

it is to your interest to report any
trouble of suspected diseases of your
bees as soon as discovered to the State
Entomologist, College Station, Tex.,
and have the bees inspected, if need
be, rather than let your apiary get into
such condition as here presented.

Good Home-Made Hive-Covers

Ravag-es of Foul Brood

Right along
laws and inspc

! I matter of foul-brood
■ ' on of apiaries, I wish

There is no part in the make-up of a
bee-hive that we prize more than a
good, serviceable, and durable cover,
and here in the South, where our hives
are exposed to all kinds of weather all
the time, it is very essential that we
have the best covers obtainable, for it
often happens that a cover gives way,
and, before we are aware of it, a leak
has done considerable damage, espe-
cially if it happens in the winter when
we are not often around. So we are
constantly culling them out for vari-
ous reasons.

We do not advocate home-made hives,
but we do say that a mechanical bee-
keeper can make his hive covers and
bottoms, and, perhaps, it would be best

American ^ae Journal

June 6, 1907

for him to do so, for he might run out,
some time, and need a few before he
could get them from the factory or
dealer. But caution should be taken
in selecting the material, and it would
be best if it were seasoned in the open
air, and mostly heart, and soft ; also,
it should not be warped, and should be
free from knots and other defects.
Lumber from g-oods-boxes makes very
good covers, as it is soft and not easy
to split, but it should be painted well,
for if it is very thin it will let the
water through.

In putting the covers together, great
precaution should be used to turn to
the weather the sideof the board which
grew nearer the center of the tree,
and nail well with small flat-headed
nails (not finishing nails). Then paint
them well and keep a few extra at each
yard.

I have tried several styles of covers,
but the two illustrated have given me
the best satisfaction, and they are sim-
ple, durable, and cheap.

Where hives are exposed to the sun.
Fig. 1 is the best cover, for it has an
air-space and needs no shade. I have

lost some colonies, many combs, and
no small amount of honey from the
heat of the sun, but I have never lost
any combs under these covers. Figure
2 is a still cheaper cover, and is used

where the hives are not exposed to the
sun Most of the nails in these covers
can be driven through and clinched,
and will not give way and work out.
Crisp Co., Ga. J. J. Wildbr.

The'

Old Reliable '' as seen througrh New and Unreliable Glasees,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Thb Debr-Mouse as a Honby-Eater.

I have a live deer-mouse. He's a
beautiful fellow, fawn-colored above
and pure white below. His eyes are
large, dark, shining and projecting,
like they were beads set on his head.
He's a peach. Likewise he is (at least
my specimen is) surprisingly tame, or
audacious, or something, for a creature
with no previous contact with human
beings. Did not even scamper a little
when first let out of the trap. Walked
to a cracker and smelt of it ; walked to
the water-fount and took along, hearty
drink of it ; took a little turn around
the limits of his quarters ; and then
got to business by beginning to eat.
From the first hour he would let me
almost poke him with my finger before
he would move away. And 48 hours
later, in response to one of my finger
pokes, he bit me — but not sharply
enough to hurt much. Deer-mice
mostly keep to the fields ; but this one
was caught in the house upstairs.
They are one-half larger than house-
mice — 14 drams — while the normal
weight of the house-mouse is 9 drams.
But though larger, mine, so far, seems
not so ravenous to eat as the little
chaps.

Well, this is the fellow I accused of
eating the honey of out-apiaries, and
getting it laid off on the house-mice.

Wishing to have his normal perform-
ance, before any pampering or other
influence from captivity, I gave him
honey the first night, a partly-built
section, mostly empty comb, but some
honey on one side, all sealed. My
theory seemed to get a backset at first.
He nibbled most of the dry comb into
powder, and in the process started the
honey to running somewhat ; but it
lay on the bottom of the big can which
served as cage. To the best of my ob-
servation he had not eaten any of it.
Possibly I was slightly in error there ;
but that's what I decided at the time.
In this experiment I gave no other
food ; but he had been eating all the
cracker he wanted just before. Dur-
ing the next day he ate some honey,
and some more the next night. Then
I put in a piece of bread and an ordi-
nary section of honey, which has been
his regimen ever since. Soon came to
eat more honey than bread. For the
last 2 days I cant see as he has taken
any off his piece of bread — getting to
an exclusive honey-diet, 'pears like.
Weighing the section as accurately as
I can, I find he has taken 12 drams 16
grains in 5 days, or 2 drams 14 grains
per day. That's over one-seventh of
his own weight. It will do — although
a long way behind the eating exploits
of the house-mice when they let loose
once.

Robber-Bees and Poi<i,bn.

T. P. Otis, on page 267, contributes
a very interesting observation. Rob-
ber-bees gathered up pollen on the
alighting-board and carried it off.
Quite rare, I think. With wires, or
zinc, or too closely contracted en-
trance, there is often quite a pile of
lost pellets at the door ; and I never
could see that the home-bees would
ever take pains to save them — though,
perhaps, they do sometimes. Cow will
eat what she wouldn't eat otherwise,
provided she can steal it ; and I sup-
pose these robbers found their souls
similarly moved. Willing to gather
lost pollen provided they could con-
sider it plunder.

Cement Hive Stands and Bottoms.

Yes, Mr. Byer, cement hive-stands
and cement bottom-boards are taking
words. If the latter prove too cold for
winter, how would it do to use a thin
thickness of wood and the cement un-
der it ? I am specially attracted be-
cause at my apiary termites do lots of
damage. I am quite sure a projecting
cement bottom would keep them down ;
as they would not be able to carry for-
ward their mud-works unless they had
a passage to moist earth to get the
material. Page 351.

Canada and U. S. Postal War.

The Koran has a proverb to the
effect that, "When nations go to war
the people must suffer from the sol-
diers." Bluntly and brutally just so !
And just so now, it seems, even in this
twentieth century. Canada and the
U. S., having had postal annexation
for a spell, now want to have postal
war for a spell. Does seem that (with
all the peace agitation and Hague
Tribunals of the day) they might have
given a little longer notice of hostili-
ties. Peaceful publishers certainly
ought to have time to get out from un-
der the wheels of the war Juggernauts.
How easy it is to show spunk when
somebody else has to take the suffer-
ing part of the consequences ! Page
389.

Observe and Report.

" Observe during the ensuing sum-
mer and report," eh 7 There! That
sounds more like science. We've had,
" Give us off hand your impressions " —
about everything under the crazy
moon — until we have about played out
that kind of Question-Box. Why not
7ve take a lesson from France, and have
some questions tested by actual and
fresh observations by a company of
competent men ? Page 391.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is Boniething that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we oiler valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

June 6, 1907

487

American l^ee Journal

Report of the Connecticut Con-
vention

The 16th annual convention of the
Connecticut Bee-Keepers' Association
was held in the Capitol at Hartford,
April 6, 1907. That the Association
has g'rown during the past year was
evidenced by the fact that the room in
which the meetings have been held for
more than IS years was too small on
this occasion, and an adjournment was
taken to the Supreme Court room.

Officers for the ensuing year were
elected as follows : Allen Latham, of
Norwich, President ; Rev. D. D. Marsh,
of West Hartford, Vice-President ; and
J. Arthur Smith, of Hartford, Secre-
tary and Treasurer. Executive Com-
mittee, Edwin D. Barton, Stephen J.
Griffen, and George W. Smith.

Dr. E. F. Phillips, of Washington, D.
C, spoke in the morning concerning
American and European foul brood,
and referred to the enormous losses
caused throughout the United States,
and some of the good work done by in-
spectors. He said that either disease
can be handled easily if one knows
how to do it ; that if you teach a man
and treat the disease you don't have to
visit him again.

In the afternoon he took for his sub-
ject the inspector, and stated that the
bee-disease inspectors throughout the
country are doing fine work ; that they
are reliable, hard-working and a much
maligned class. A high tribute was
paid to Charles Stewart, of New York
State, as an inspector, whose tact in
handling bee-keepers is remarkable.
A. G. Edmondson was referred to as
one who knows bee-diseases, who
makes no mistake in a diagnosis, »nd
who, when sued, has taken honey into
court to prove that the disease actually
existed. Dr. Phillips said it is harder
to handle the bee-keeper than the dis-
ease, and although there is no opposi-
tion from honest bee-keepers, yet it is
necessary that the inspector have a
strong law back of him ; that although
there is only one case in SCO that the
inspector has to call in his power as a
police officer, nevertheless he should
be given a weapon that is strong.

Dr. Phillips strongly favors legisla-
tion, and said that if Connecticut gets
a law passed, and the right man for an
inspector, all will be right. He be-
lieves that the honey industry has de-
creased in the State in the last 25
years because of the prevalence of
foul brood.

On May 2 the Committee on Agricul-
ture of the Connecticut Legislature re-
ported favorably on the Foul Brood
Bill. It is hoped that it will finally be-
come a law.

Dr. E. H.Jenkins, of the Connecticu
Agricultural Experiment Station, New
Haven, was present and extended a
cordial invitation to the Association to
hold a meeting at the Station. It was
voted to accept the invitation, and a
field-meeting is to be held there the
coming summer.

A list of questions was taken up for
discussion, which had been suggested
by members.

The question, " What is the best out-
fit and methods for a beginner," was
answered by Mr. Latham, "A hive of
bees, a smoker, spunk, brains and
time."

The best way to teach the box-hive
bee-keeper to use a frame-hive was,
" Let him alone."

The question as to why bees stop
gathering nectar and build drone-comb
received two answers: "Bees build
drone-comb when the honey-flow ceases
and the wax supply doesn't." " Some-
times bees build drone-comb for no ap-
parent reason."

No one present had experimented
with Caucasian bees except Dr. Phil-
lips. He said that they hardly proved
themselves equal to the Italians and
Carniolans, yet they capped their
honey all right. Since they had been
under observation they had not ex-
hibited swarming tendencies, but
might later on. Their extreme gen-
tleness was emphasized.

The bee-moth was discussed, and Mr.
Latham said he thought it was present
in all colonies, strong and weak, but
that the former kept it in subjection.
Mr. Griffen believed that there were
none in his hives. The method of
placing a moth-infected colony over a
strong colony, which would rid the
former of moths and grubs, was advo-
cated.

It was the opinion of Henry L. Jef-
frey that alsike clover yields poor
honey.

The best way of feeding in the fall
was said to be the Townsend method,
which Mr. Latham explained.

The question as to the best method
of producing wax annually without
sacrifice of the honey "rop, seemed to
be best answered by the remark that
every bit of wax should be carefully
saved. One member said that in that
way he was able to make all his own
comb foundatiou.

The question of stimulating bees in
the spring by feeding, led Dr. Phillips
to say that honey from any locality
where disease is known to exist should
not be fed.

To prevent honey granulation the
rule was given lo heat to 140 degrees.

E. D. BartO!. aaid that snow should

be cleaned away from the entrance of
the hive in 5 weeks.

It was the general verdict that bees
had wintered well under all methods.
J. Arthur Smith, Sec.

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern

Bee-Keepers' Association, held In

Chicago, Wednesday and

Thursday, Dec. 5

and 6, 1906

(Continued from page 4<.S.)

Charging Different Prices for Same
Kind of Honey.

"Is it policy to charge different prices
to different parties for honey that is
alike?"

Mr. Hutchinson — Same quality ol
honey?

Mr. Meredith — The meaning of the
question is this: Is it policy to sell
honey of the same kind to 3 different
parties, charging one say 10 cents, an-
other 12 and another 15. I asked that
question for the reason that I found
there were some customers that con-
cluded that they wanted honey that cost
more than a shilling a pound, because
somebody else had honey that was sell-
ing for IS cents a pound while my price
might have been 13 or 14 cents. I asked
if it was policy to sell honey in that
way.

Pres. York — That reminds me of
something I heard about an Evanston
family — you have all heard of Evanston,
I suppose! They discharged their cook
because she did not run up big enough
grocery bills. Their neighbors spent a
good deal more money on their table
than she had been doing, so they dis-
charged her— to keep the grocery bills
up to the same height as their neighbors.
They thought they ought to pay more.
Some people think that unless they pay
a large price they are not getting a good
article. They feel better when they pay
more. I don't think that applies to bee-
keepers, though !

Mr. Taylor — It might turn out to be
a bad policy, if they found out it was
the same honey.

Mr. Moore — I have sold honey for 20
years. I think it is really an individual
matter in which the customer is not
very much interested. The customer
wants to buy fine honey, and he wants
to pay the price agreed upon ; but you,
as an honest man, must treat them all
alike. You may sell the same grade ol
honey at different prices. A man who
buys one pound pays 25 cents. A man
wfio buys a 60-pound can — you will
make more money by selling at a lower
figure ; and a man who buys a ton, you
will make money by selling at a still
lower figure. The only thing that
grieves me in- my honey-trade — mostly
a family trade — is that the millionaires
can not be charged enough so that they
will feel that they are getting something.
I would like to see the poor man that
has to look after the pennies charged the
small price ; but I would like to charge
the millionaires enough to make them
feel they were getting something good.

Mr. Baldridge — I have sold some
hone}-, but I never had but one price to
white or black, rich or poor.

488

June 6. 1907

American ^ee Journal

Mr. Moore — Wholesale or retail?
Mr. Baldridge — Retail. I never had
but one price in my existence, and I
do not see the necessity of having more
than one price.

Mr. Arnd — In selling honey, I think,
in order to protect the people that re-
sell it — to the private trade you ought
to charge more than you do to a man
who expects to sell it again. I charge
two prices for honey, and I charge three
jjrices for honey — to the man that buys
in large quantities by the ton; to the
man that buys a few cans at a time,
to the man that buys it to eat on his
■own table. To the man that buys it
for his own table I sell at such a price
that another man could buy honey of
ine and sell it to that same man at the
same price I sell, and yet make money.

Mr. Wilcox — My trade is a wholesale
trade. We sell none to families nor to
jobbers to sell again to groceries, of any
consequence. I have one price for ev-
erybody, and if the prices change I
charge each man the same thing ; even
though they may have agreed upon a
higher price, I give them the same price
that I charge others; and I know from
several years' experience that it will be
best in the long run to do so. They
will sooner or later discover it, if you
are charging them more than you are
charging others, and it will surely in-
jure you in the end. It is not fair, it
is not honest, it is not good policy —
and that is the question — to have dif-
ferent prices for customers of the same
class, for the same class and kind of
honey.

Mr. Moore — That is the point.
Mr. Wilcox — But, of course, there is
■one trifling exception. If you have a
■customer that you are a little in doubt
about, whether he will ever pay or not,
you can charge him a little more, and
perhaps he will go somewhere else.

Mr. Arnd — That remark of IMr. Wil-
cox's is, I think, well put. He says
"the class." Now the man who buys
a gallon of honey to eat on his own
table ought to pay more than Mr. Wil-
co.x or any other bee-keeper that wants
several cases; and in order to protect
the man who buys the honey and sells
it again, we have to charge the retail
man more.

Mr. Wilcox — The difference is, you
class the customer and I class the honey.
I spoke of the same class of honey.

Pres. York — While we are on that
question, here is one that touches it a
little bit: "Should not the bee-keeper
be compelled to guarantee to the broker
or buyer that his honey will stand the
pure food law test?" How many think
he ought to be compelled to guarantee
it raise your hands. None. All who
think the producer ought to be com-
pelled to guarantee. About 15. It
looks as if we all did, who care to
vote.

Mr. Taylor — The question in my mind
is. What good would it do if they guar-
anteed it?

Mr. Wilcox — In Minnesota they are
forbidden to sell it without it is marked
as the producer's honey, and that is a
guarantee without anything more on it.
Mr. Thompson — This question I be-
lieve was d'scussed here once before, as

to what constituted honey that would
stand the pure-food law test. That is
the question I had in mind — how the
producer is going to be able to guaran-
tee his honey other than that it is
gathered from natural sources. U
honey-dew brings it into the class where
it could not be guaranteed, how is he at
all times going to be able to guarantee
his honey?

Mr. Taylor — He guarantees it and
runs the risk.

Mr. Meredith — I would like to have
Mr. France give us some suggestion in
regard to how to tell honey when it is
pure, or any other information on that
subject that he can give.

Mr. France — That is part of the con-
stitution of the National Association ;
one of the planks in the platform is to
prosecute adulterators of honey. I be-
gan investigating that side of our plat-
form, and I found that honey varies
greatly in different localities; it varied
greatly in the same locality, according
to the conditions in which it was gath-
ered. Then I began to try chemistry
to know where to get a basis to work on.
I am sorry we have not yet attained sat-
isfaction in that line. I went down to
the Eastern States to see the chemists at
the time of the United States Chemist
Bureau meeting, as to the definition of
honey. They were going to throw oui
entirely all forms ut honey-dew, and
it was on my pleading that that part was
put therein. I can imagine a bee-keep-
er might be honest in the belief that he
was selling a good grade of^ clover
honey, and it would not all of it stand
up to the test, the way they were giving
it. So the definition has been modified.
The only thing I know that we can do
at the present time under the new food
law, which will go into effect January
1st, is to keep our bees as near as we
can where they will store the sweet that
they get from the field; and if we find
that they are gathering honey-dew, save
it by itself and sell it for what it is.
We will have to do the grading more
than any one else. If we know_ our
bees are gathering honey-dew, let it go
as honey-dew, and sell it as such. There
are always people in my locality who
want to buy poor or cheap or dark
grades of honey. They like to buy the
"lasses" for the children, while they
have something better for the older
folks. They will buy honey-dew if you
tell them what it is; but sell it for
what it is. Then as a help to our Na-
tional Association members, especially,
how can we then protect ourselves under
this point which Mr. Arnd brings up?
When I send him honey, he, as a deal-
er, has to put up a guarantee to sell rriy
honey. How is he going to be safe in
his guarantee? He ought to have a
right to fall back upon the producer,
and the producer simply guarantees it as
the product of the bee. When they go
beyond that as to proof that it is from
flowers, I question if we have anything
yet that is satisfactory; chemistry is
weak on that point.

A Member — Do the chemists know it?

Mr. France— Yes, sir; the chemists

are aware that they are weak on the

point of a positive proof of strictly

pure honey from the nectar of flowers

r;athered and

or exudation of plants
stored by the bee.

Mr. Meredith— What is the definition
of the word "honey-dew" from a bee-
keeper's standpoint?

Mr. France— As a bee-keeper under-
stands it, it will be the exudation of m-
sects gathered by and stored by the bee
in the combs. Some one was speaking
about the little white aphids upon the
soft maple. We found a good deal
of that in Wisconsin, in the last 2 or
3 years. The little white aphid is de-
stroying the maple-tree. The bees are
working upon the leaves, and it was m
places, too, where clover was commg
in enormously, and it was in many places
mixed in the extracted honey. We can
not separate it, but must sell it for what
it is.

Dr. Miller— Mr. President, will you
read the question again?

Pres. York— "Should not the bee-
keeper be compelled to guarantee to the
broker or buyer that his honey will
stand the pure-food law test?"

Dr. Miller— I suppose' that depends
upon circumstances. In some cases the
buyer would require it. If I were a
buyer and wanted the bee-keeper to stand
back of me, I would expect him to do
it. In some cases I do not think I would
want it. For instance, here is a dealer
that wants to put out honey iinder his
own brand, and he receives his honey,
puts it up in packages himself. He can
not keep the bee-keeper's guarantee up-
on the packages, but the bee-keeper's
guarantee can stay on a package that
comes from that bee-keeper only, ana
when that seal is broken his guarantee
does not amount to anything upon it.
If the dealer wants to sell it with that
original guarantee on it, then he would
want the bee-keeper to guarantee it. The
thing, you see, will be complicated; but
I think I can see that there might be
some advantage in that, too. There is
the disadvantage of the objection the
dealer would make to it. He would
say, "I want to sell my honey — I don't
want any other man's name upon it, be-
cause I want the advantage of all the
reputation I get from it." On the other
hand, there might be this advantage.
There are people who would buy honey
more readily with the guarantee of the
bee-keeper upon it, just because they
knew who the bee-keeper was that it
came from. Then, again, there are
others that would buy from the dealer
because they would kno\y the dealer,
and would depend upon him. So. you
see the thing has a good many different
bearings. I would say, in answer to
that question, that any honest bee-keep-
er would be wilHng to guarantee his
honev. He might guarantee it to the
dealer, even if the dealer chose to break
it up and put it in packages of his own.
I do not believe that I would ever sell
honey to any man that I would not
guarantee was all right.

Mr. Arnd — I asked that question, so
that a dealer could trace back, an-d if
he is "held up" he can go back to the
next man, if he buys it from a dealer,
and so on to the bee-keeper.

Mr. Abbott — I would like to say that
the producer could not ship it unless he

June 6, 1907

489

Anuarican IBee Journal

l^^^Mll

guaranteed it to the railroad, under the
interstate commerce hiw.

Mr. Arnd — As being pure honey?

Mr. Abbott — Yes.

Dr. Bohrer — I voted in favor of re-
quiring the bee-keeper to guarantee the
purity of the honey. I will do that,
and I have now ordered Labels, and as
long as the package upon which I place
the label is unbroken, I will guarantee
it to be absolutely pure as the bees
stored it in the combs; but if the dealer
that purchases it from me breaks that
package and repacks it, I won't agree
to be responsible any farther.

Mr. Moore — 1 have been making quite
a number of calls on the grocery trade,
and in every grocery I am met by the
question. "How do you know this is

pure?" Ami it was suggested here that
we volunt:inl\ offer to guarantee our
honey. Th.il is good business sense.
Vou must nni wait until they come with
a club and niiike trouble for you, but
you must nuri ihem more than half way
about these ni.i iters. For my own spec-
ial trade I li.i\e gotten this up; at the
top is my he.iding, you see: "I hereby
guarantee my honey to be pure at all
times, in all si/rd packages, and to com-
ply with all new and old pure food
laws." I sign this and hand it to my
customers, saving, "There is your
guarantee," and it satisfies every one.
In the absensc of anything better, I
shall continue to use that, and I am in-
clined to think that it covers the ground.

Cjuiinu.d utxt V:,»C I

ictof

Send Questions either to the ofliue u/ lue Anjeiicau bcc Juuiual, ur to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Tested and Untested Queens-
2-Frame Nucleus

1. What is a tested queen?

2. What is an untested queen?

3. What is a 2 frame nucleus? If I were to
buy a 2-frame nucleus, how many swarms
could I get in one season from it ?

Indiana.
Answers. — 1. A tested queen is one which
has been laying more than 3 weeks, and
whose worker progeny all show 3 yellow
bands; thus showing that she is purely mated.
Since the days of Sbanders this test is not so
reliable as it formerly was, tor it is possible
now to have 3 yellow bands with some black
blood.

2. An untested queen is one which has not
been laying long enough to show the charac-
ter of its progeny.

3. A 3 frame nucleus is nothing more nor
less than 2 frames of brood and bees taken
from any colony and put into a separate hive.
It may do no more than to build up into a full
colony for winter without any increase; or it
may make 3, 3, or more, according to the sea-
son and the management. Left to itself in a
poor season it migtit hardly hold its own. In
a good season, something depending upon
how early the nucleus is obtained, it may
make the increase mentioned. In a poor sea-
son feeding may help out, but no feeding is
quite so good as a heavy flow from the flowers.

Management for Increase

I am a beginner in the bee-business. Last
year I came into possession of about 25 colo-
nies of bees, and about 17 more hives and bee-
fixtures. The hives are S-frame, made in our
local " Novelty Works." I have lost all but
5 colonies since I set them out this spring,
and will probably lose all but 2. These 3
seem to be strong and all right. These bees
had never been cared for, so the comb in the
brood-chamber is built in every shape. I
want to cut out the old comb, put any new
swarms on straight foundation, and attend to

them as they ought to be attended to. How
shall I handle these 2 colonies to get the most
increase? Of course it will be almost impos-
sible to remove the frames without tearing
the combs all to pieces. The bees are Ital-
ians. Iowa.

Answer. — It is not an easy thing to say
just what will be the best way for you to in-
crease, as what is best for one may not be al-
ways best for another. In the first place,
don't condemn too hastily all those old combs,
even if at first sif,'ht they do not appear usa-
ble. Every old comb you can save will help
just so much in increasing, as it will save the
bees work. Take a saw and cut down at each
side of a hive, so as to sever all attachments,
then turn the hive upside down and jar out
its entire contents. Now see if there are not
some combs that are straight enough to be
used, the same being of good worker-comb.
If they are a little dirty or mouldy, the bees
can clean them up ; only you should brush off
the dead bees. If a comb is nearly all in one
frame, cut away its attachment to the next
frame, straighten it into place, and fasten it
in place with strings or otherwise. The comb
should be quite warm when this is done, so it
win not break instead of bending. If some
combs are too much out of place, perhaps
running straight across the frames, of course
they must be cut out; but some of them may
be fastened in frames after they are cut out.

In making increase, the most rapid way
will be to start nuclei, giving to each nucleus
a laying queen that you will buy. If you
want to save the expense of buying, you may
still like the uueleus plan. You will lose
rather than gain liy beginning too early. Wait
till the colonief liuild up strong; then from
one of them take i he queen with 2 frames of
brood and adhering bees, and put in another
hive as a nuclen- In 8 or 10 days put this
nucleus with tlji old queen back on the old
stand, and out • : the old colony make as
many 2-frame v< • i as you can, putting one
of them in the pi ice from which you have
just taken the O: ' lueen. Of course each nu-
cleus must have at least one good cell cen-
trally located where it will be in no danger of
being chilled. > ulony No. 2 you have not

disturbed at all, and you can now take from
It 2 frames of mostly sealed brood and give to
colony No. I. If It has any more brood to
spare you can give a frame apiece to as many
nuclei as you can ; but don't reduce No. 1 nor
No. 2 at any time to less than 4 frames of
brood. You see you must keep them fairly
strong all the time, drawing from them as you
can to strengthen the nuclei. Indeed it may
be best not to take more than the 2 frames
from No, 2 to give to No. 1, for in a little
while you will want to treat No. 2 just as you
did No. 1, making It queenless and starling
more nuclei. If the season is good enough
and long enough, some of your nuclei will be-
come strong enough to yield help to the later
nuclei, and just how far you can go will de-
pend on circumstances. Hut don't make the
mistake of trying to go too fast and then
being caught in the fall with a lot of weak-
lings that will die in winter.

Italianizing-Working for Increase

Having made up my mind to get rid of my
hybrid bees, I have bought 3 Italian queens.

1. Can I, by having 3 pure queens, increase
my 3 hybrid colonies, and at the same time
have all pure stock next fall '.

2. If possible, I would like to increase to 10.
What are some of your plans? I don't care
if I do not get much surplus honey this sea-
son. I am more for increase. Michigan.

Answers.— 1. When we say "all pure
stock," that means that the queens are not
only of pure descent but purely mated. So if
there are any but pure drones for some dis-
tance from vou, you can not be sure of " all
pure stock," for although you may make sure
that all your young queens are of pure de-
scent, you can not make sure that they are
purely mated.

2 If I understand correctly, you want to
increase the 3 to 10 colonies. If the season is
sufficiently good and also sufficiently long
there ought to be no trouble in doing that.
The easiest way will be to let each colony
swarm naturally, putting the swarm on anew
stand and leaving the old colony without
being disturbed on the old stand. In some-
thing like s days, each old colony may send
out a second swarm, and a day or two later a
third swarm. Even if only one colony sends
out a third swarm, that will make 10.

3 If you do not wish to trust to their
swarming enough, you can take the matter
into your own hands. A week after the first
swarm has issued, divide each old colony into
3 or 3 parts, making sure that each has a
good queen-cell centrally located.

Feeding Pollen Substitutes in Empty
Combs

I have just begun to overhaul my bees to
note their condition, etc.; have examined,
this afternoon (April 22), 19 colonies, and
while but few need feeding, I do not find a
single cell of pollen in any of the hives, nor a
single cell of brood in any stage of develop-
ment; in tact, I have not discovered an egg
in all my search so far. Now, I have thought
it might be a good plan to take dry combs
which I have, sprinkle rye or other flour in
the cells, and hang them in the hives next to
those of honey. What do you think of the
plan? Would it be better to put it outside
where the bees could get it for themselves?

Wisconsin.

Answer.— It would be a nice thing if you
could have what the Germans call " stamp-
honey "—combs of honey and bee-bread all
smashed up. If any of your neighbors had
colonies die in the winter, you might get from
them combs containing pollen ; although con-
ditions that brought about such a remarkably
unusual thing as colonies utterly without
pollen may have left theirs in the same con-
dition. Unless there is no weather for bees
to fly, better give the meal outside, although
it will do no harm to try it inside at the same

490

June 6, 1907

American Hae Journal

time. A paste of flour and honey smeared on
the combs might be worth trying. For out-
side meal-feeding ground corn and oats is
sometimes used here. Most likely it will
make little difierence whether you feed any
substitute for pollen or not, for the receipt
of your letter finds dandelions opening here,
and they are likely the same with you.

It is just possible that your lack of pollen
may be an advantage in the long run. Dur-
ing the dreadful weather in April, your bees
remained quietly doing nothing for 3 weeks
or more, while others with brood were suffer-
ing.

L Super and T-Super

1. On page 337, you quote me as saying
" Langstroth " super. Please note that I
never used the expression " Langstroth
super" in my correspondence with you, but I
said the "L" super. Now, I do not know
what the letter L stands for, but I had refer-
ence to a certain kind of super designated as
the " L super " in the catalog, which is a
plain super for an 8-frame hive with slats
and fences running crosswise of the super-
body and designated to hold 30 plain sections
4x5xl;V, called " Danzen baker sections."
Your answers to my questions seem to be
very clear, but I can not tell how it will pan
out with me until I try it. Some 2 or 3 points
look sticky to me yet.

2. First, in regard to that bee-glue. I have
cleaned sections at all times of the year; in
fact, I never did clean my whole crop at one
sitting, but just cleaned up small batches as
I would sell them all through the winter, and
I have yet to find the time when the propolis
won't stick more or less, and more or less
honey stand on the wood in the way to gtun
up my knife and make a messy job at best.

3. Second, in regard to pushing out the
whole superful of sections at once. I have
done it with the L super, also with the Ideal
and Danzenbaker, but I never could see
where I gained anything by it, because when
I went taking off the slats and taking out the
fences I had an awful time of it just the same,
In fact, I rather appreciated having them
back in the super to hold a portion of them
steady while I pried another portion l03se,
and that is just the reason I adopted the plan
of taking them out while on the hive and
among the bees. When the super is first
tilted and the bees are still in it, the glue is
warm and soft, and the sections will come out
one row at a time without so much diiiiculty,
and then the fences are all separated and out
of the way. Perhaps if I had the T-super I
would find the case different; but I can
hardly believe the bee-glue would be any less
abundant or sticky. I think I will try a few
this summer. MissouKi.

Answers. — 1. Upon first reading your let-
ter, throwing upon my shoulders the burden
of having changed "L super" to "Lang-
stroth super," I promptly prepared to make
an abject apology, but on turning to page 337,
I found that in my answers I had made use of
neither term, so I slid the burden off my
shoulders to let it fall on those of the Editor,
" the intelligent compositor," or the printer's
devil, whichever one it was who took liberties
with your copy. In pity for the delinquent
in the case, however, I may say that it is a
very common thing to find, in manuscript
sent in, the contraction " L '' used for " Lang-
stroth," and after having for a few hundred
times changed "L hive" to "Langstroth
hive," and "L frame" to "Langstroth
frame," one would almost unconsciously
change "L super" to " Langstroth super." —
[We had entirely forgotten the "L" super,
as it was never used extensively. Dr. Miller
was not the culprit in this case. It was— -
The Editor.]

2. There may be some peculiarity about
your bee-glue with which I have no acquaint-
ance, but I was under the impression that all
bee-glue becomes brittle when suflioiently
cold. I wonder if it can really be that your
bee-glue is entirely different from mine when
the thermometer stands at zero. With re-

gard to honey standing on the wood, that is
not a matter affected in the same way by
cold. When there is any honey on the top-
bars of the sections, we don't attempt to
scrape the glueofl until the honey is removed.
First a knife is slipped under the honey to
scrape it off, if there is enough honey to
make it worth while, and a wet rag removes
the rest.

3. Of course, the kind of super makes no
difference in the character of the glue, but
the kind of super has much to do with the
matter of cleaning a whole superful of sec-
tions at a time. At least it has " in this
locality."

Having a i'me Huiiey-iiuw.

I have 11 colonies of bees in 10-frame
hives. We have a fine honey-flow now
from blackberry and white clover. Our
principal flow is from sourwood. which
blooms in July. G. F. Jones.

Elkin, N. C, May 24.

Tough Weather for Bees.

We are having tough weather for bees.
They have been getting out about one day
in a week, on an average, since March. We
are still hopeful and look for better weather
ere long. F. A. Snbll.

Milledgeville, III., May 25.

First Honey "Chunk Honey."

I took my first honey of the season to-
day. I sell in buckets — chunk honey. It
is "a much better way than to be fussing
with sections. More honey, more money,
more rest. J. H. Collins.

Bardwell, Ky., May 23.

Cold and Backward Spring.

The American Bee Journal is "just fine,"
and I believe it is the only bee-paper issued
in this country which is not biased in favor
of the supply dealers. The article by Allen
Latham on hive-making I consider valuable
to any bee-keeper who feels inclined to
make his own hives. I have tried a num-
ber of them and find them much superior
to any single-walled hive I can buy or
make, even when protected in the spring ;
and for comb honey, when the outside case
is used to protect the supers, they are pur
excellence in this cold northern country.

Unless the honey-fiow is late this year
there will be but a very light honey crop
in this locality, as the unusual cold and
backward spring has caused much spring
dwindling, and there are but few colonies
in this neighborhood which can be brought
to a first-class condition in time for the
white clover. My apiary consists of 31
colonies this spring, in fair condition, con-
sidering the season. N. P. Andekso-N'.

Minneapolis, Minn., May 18.

blooms the first year. Sown about Aug. 1,
from that until fall, then the next year it
makes a seed crop, and the seed is on the
first crop, and enou^li of the seed falls off
to reseed the ground. The old plant dies
in the fall after growing the second crop,
but comes on the next spring without miss-
ing a crop.

Alsike does the best on damp, moist land,
but will grow a good crop on clay land, or,
in fact, any land but land that is real
sandy. The seed is about half the size of
the "red clover seed, and can be sowed
either bv hand or with a seeder drill.

Another fact I have learned this year is,
that while all the red clover is dead this
spring the alsike sown last year looks fine,-
although it has been very dry and cold all
spring. And with all these facts before us,
it seems to me to be the most desirable
clover to sow.

Any further questions will be cheerfully
answered. O. P. Miller.

Menlo, Iowa, May 14.

Heavy With Honey and Bees.

I never took bees out of winter quarters-
in better condition. They are heavy with
honey and booming with bees. I expected
them' to be swarming by this time. I
thought they had more honey than neces-
sary, but they have it pretty well used up.
I had some 40 or 50 pounds of brood-
combs kept over from last year, and some
extracted from unsealed combs, which I
have fed them. Owing to the late cold' and
drv weather the future is an unsolved
problem. .T. C. Armstrong.

Marshalltown, Iowa, May 11.

Sowing Alsike Clover.

Mr. O. p. Miller : In the American Bee
Journal of April IS you say alsike clover
may be sown in the spring with small
grain. I have never seen any of it, but I
want to try a little this spring. I know
nothing abo'ut it. and your statement seems
to indicate that it is an annual, needing to
be sown every spring. Will you please tell
me if that is so? If not, does it bloom the
first year, and how long does the plant
live? How do you spread the seed and
what time is best to sow it?

Monument, Colo. 0. H. Whittier.

Mr. O. H. Whittier : Alsike clover does
not need to be sown (in this country) every
spring : on the contrary, one sowing will do
indefinitelv. But the plant dies every other
year, but" seeds itself; in other words, it

Early Swarm — Feeding Bees.

We had a swarm on May 9. It was a
small swarm with a virgin queen, result-
ing from superseding. We have been feed-
ing sugar liberally since the warm weather
in March. A good rain came day before
vesterday, for which we are thankful. There
is a little honey-dew on box-elder this
morning. J. L. Strong.

Clarinda, Iowa, May 23.

Honey Famine in the Southeast.

We are having a honey famine in the
Southeast, and bees are on the point of
starvation. The blooms have come and
gone, and no honey ; and many barrels of
sugar have been fed. Many bee-keepers are
disheartened and will pull up and leave or
quit the industry. The honey-plants were
in bloom about 60 days. My bees got to
them part of 2 days, and are now in winter
quarters. J. J. Wilder.

Crisp Co., Ga., May 14.

Freezing

Temperature -
Damaged.

Fruit-Bloom

As I write this morning the mercury in
the thermometer stands at 23 degrees,
about 4 feet above the surface of the
ground on a hill. On the low ground it is
S to 10 degrees colder. It is a surprise to
me that the few blooms on the fruit trees
seem to be filled with nectar, and the bees
are carrying loads of it when the tempera-
ture is moderate enough for them to fly.
The apple-bloom is just beginning to open,
but I am afraid that last night damaged
the opening buds seriously. No prospect
of its warming up to-day. E. H. Upson.

Cromwell, Ind., May 11.

Solving the Swarming Question.

n. C. Aikin writes on page 374 : "It has
always been my contention that the apiarist
must be the master to the extent of con-
trolling swarming, and making increase,
when he was ready : that those who allow
natural swarming are always at a disad-
vantage."

Yes, this gentleman speaks out loudly
and clearly his contention that the apiarist
must be master to control swarming, etc.
And yet we are at a disadvantage. Yes,
but that problem must be solved, and can
be. it we look at the bee as one creation in
the animal kingdom, and not idealize it,
hut look at it just in its reality ; just as

June 6, 1907

491

-■^^ia^^C

Americanjcc Joarnal^i^^^

Do You Like to be
Stung?

What's the use wearinfj an old style
net bee-veil that blows in your eyes,
sticks to your face, and gives the bees
a chance to hand you a hot one ?

The Muth Ideal Bee-Veil

1 75 cents, postpaid)
keeps the bees at at a distance because
it is made of light indestructible wire
and strong cloth. You can see through
this wire as if it wasn't there ; and you
can smoke inside the veil all you want.
It can't catch fire.

If YOU buy the has-been kind of veils

You Certainly ARE " Stung I"

You get dollars of satisfaction out of it. No doubt about this— it's the
best-ever veil on the market.

Better send for one to-day — don't be a drone.

We're big people in all bee-supplies — ask for catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

The Busy Bee-Men,
51 Walnut Street, - CINCINNATI, OHIO

All Rights Reserved.

THE POULTRY DIGEST

i25 cents per Year.

An Enterprising, Pushing- and Progressive
Poultry Journal. A live and instructive Peri-
odical Different From All the Reat.

True to name, a concise and boiled down di-
g-est of all the doings in the Poultry World— A
time-saving periodical; methodical, to the
point, and conservative.

T TT^ you want to make more money out of
I Lj your fowls.

I r^ yon want to get good results with less
X X hard work.

_ you want to learn how to save your

' ^I'y^'^ ' little chicks.

V you want to know what to do ach

month in the poultry yard.
Send in your subscription to the

POULTRY DIGEST PUB. CO.

36Ctf 43 Centre St., N. Y. City.

In Its Thirtieth Year

TUB Rural Galilornian

One. Dollar a Year

A large monthly magazine devoted to Agricul-
tural, Horticultural and rural pursuits, showing the
wonderful development of the Pacific Coast. Beau-
tifully illustrated, well edited and artistically
printed on fine book paper. An encyclopedia of in-
formation for colonists. Address.

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN

Rooms 6 and 7 Temple Block,
ICt LOS ANGBLB9, CALIF.

Special Offer.— For -SI. 40 we will send

the Rural Californian and the American Bee

Journal for one year.

BABNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY

Read what J. I. PARENTjOf
' Charlton, N. Y., says: " We
cut with one of your Com-
' hined Machines, last winter-
50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey racks, 500 brood,
frames, 2,000 honey boxes, and
a great deal of other work.
This winter we have double
the amount of bee-hives, etc.,
to make, and we expect to do
it with this Saw. It will do all
you say It will." Catalog and price-list free.
Address, W. F. & John Barnes,

99S Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

A Prophet of Profit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if
your effort is intelligently directed.

Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

Profitable Ponltry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited time only 25 cents per year.
ICtf Please mentloo the Bee Jonrnal

■^ A 4U-p!ige Catalog tree

n g\f%0\ The latest work on BEE-
K|J|J^ SIJPI>I>lES,Hives,Fix-
^^ ^J ^J 1^ tures, Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens. If interested in
bees, do not fail to write us.

John Nebel &Son Supplij Co., ttigh Hill, Mo.

6Ctf Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Successful Poultry Journal

FKANK HECK. Editor.

Subscription Price 50 cents per Year.

Write for Advertising Rates.

The most prominent and successful, practica
poultrymen write tor the Successful Poultry Jour
nal, and tell tn.iw they build their houses, mate their
fowls, manat;e iheir incubators, feed both young
and old— and. in fact, tell how they succeed and
make money, r-end for sample copy.

SUCCESSFUL POULTRY JOURNAL

ICtf 355 D. Mrborn St., CHICAGO. ILL.
Mention Vrr Jonrnal when irrlttnc.

FOR SALE

$1 to $3 a p I ■ Registered Homing Pigeons;
Big Sqnab i:'£.ders. Also Angora and Belgian
Hares; Fai-.c experiment station; crosses in
all colors. HULBERT

Mailordei^ led. GLEN ELLYN, ILL.

40Ctf r ease mention the Bee JonmaU

nn animal with its own iiolluitM and trlckw.
and alili: to make its maHlfr work, run and
sweat, only to he foolwl and outwitted
after all. At a disadvantage — yes, that's
so. I!ut the writer thinks It Is not abso-
lutely necessary but that this little crca-
lurr can be domesticated Ju»t as well by
man !is the rest of the animal kingdom.
Hut hiiK. in the question that we are asked.
I may not he ready yet to give an answer,
but wait until I tan do It In a practical,
sure and safe way. P. J. Eckman.

Butterfleld, Minn.

Discouraging Spring for Bees.

This has been a cold, hard spring for
bees. May 20 we had a very hard frost
for this time of year. In the morning there
was a thick crust of Ice on water, with a
cold, piercing wind. To-day Is cold and
rainy. 'Hiere have been very few days
this spring that bees could gather pollen.
This will undoubtedly prove a serious set-
liack to bees when they should be building
up rapidly. Yesterday I found a choice
fiueen in a hive with a few scattered bees,
possibly a dozen or two. The (|uecn was
wandering alone In a corner. There were
plenty of stores. It is a sad condition that
sort of makes a bee-keeper feel helpless.
Other colonies have dwindled to a nucleus
condition. Of course, colonies that were
strong this spring with plenty of stores are
all right. On these our hopes rely, and we
hope for a better day with more favorable
"elements." (A bee-keeper must alwavs live
in brighter hopes.) The cold weather this
spring has rendered a bee-keeper helpless
and at the mercy of the elements, as it has
been too cold to open hives, and partly ren-
dered work among the bees impossibln thus
fa^ H. H. MOE.

Woodford, Wis., May 22.

Fine Prospect for Honey.

I have 275 colonies of bees, .ind ran not
do without the American P.ee .Tournal.
There is a fine prospect for honey this year.
W. J. Davidson.

Dinuba. Cal., April 25.

SEE THIS!

The Modern Farmer j .25

Gleanings in Bee-Culture ., l|oo

Inland Poultry Journal [50

Kimball's Dairy Farmer .bO

?3.25

OUR PRICE $1.10

Better do it now.

Ask for other combinations. We can du-
plicate any offer made, and frequently go
them one better.

Modern Farmer and Busy Bee

ST. JOSEPH, MO.
mention Bee Jonrnal irhen writing.

Established 184*.

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BY

Washington Farmer Publishing Co.

Capital Stock, $100,000. (Incorporated)

NORTH YAKIIWA, WASH.

Subscription, per year, $1.C0. General cir-
culation among three million people west of
St. Paul and north of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Most elegant
descriptive Magazine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America. 14Ctf

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

June 6, 1907

American Hee Journal

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Famous
Honey-
Producers
I am booking orders now for April. May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens — equ»l to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices:

Tested Queens §1.00 each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sabinal.Ttxas.

We Sell Root's G.30ds in Michigan

Let us quote ym prices on Sections. Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Goldfn or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 2S0 fancy sections in one
season. OJder now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, 1 00; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO, ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

CircnUrs Free.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, 111.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice homebred and im-
ported sioik. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .90

" Tested Queen 1.10

" Select Tested Queen 1.40

" Breeder Qneen 2.20

" Comb Nucleus fno

Queen] 95

" Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen l."S

Uatestedin May. Allothers

ready now from last season's

rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices

on larger quantities and description of each

grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG 1

5Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clarikda, Iowa.

flnoersGolflenBeayiles

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A 6de,
laree Oueen of either strain for $1; an extra-
sellct breeder for $!.S0. Have bad 12 years ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,
SAHUEL n. ANQEL
20A13t R.R. No. 1, Evansville, Imp.

Your Order for Qaeens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Itilian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, $1.00
each ; Untested Queens, 75 cents ; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

aOAtf LoREArviLLE. Iberia Pa., La.

Heatlon Bee Jonraal whe» wiitlii*.

J We will Buy and
I SeU

IHONEI

Sltt of the different grades and kinds.
''^^^ If you have any to dispose of, or if

you intend to buy, correspond

with us.

We are always in the market

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken ^

265 & 267 Qreenwich Street S@

NEW YORK, N. Y.

0

.llentlon Bee Journal rvheo writing,

ni TF^P^NJQ Caucasians. I alians, Cyprians
V^UECil^O and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasiiin — one extra
best select breeding Queen. $3.i)0; one best imported
direct from Caucasus, $4.50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing. $2.rH.>; one best impi,trted, best Italian orCarni-
olan Queen. $2.50. Cyprian; one extra best select
breeding. $J.'0; one best imported direct from
Cyprus, $3.50. Prices in .July, August and Septem-
ber. .',0 cents lesB than in May and June. Special
prices for 5" and 100 Queens. Caucasian, Italian.
Cyprian, and Carnlolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. Tlie addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon. India, etc.. ?l more.
E. HAUNSCHILD. the Queen-Breeder,

20A13t Weissbach b. Pulsnitz, i.Sa., Germany.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK

Have some fine Italian Queens of la>:t fall's
rearing that are ready to be sent out, by re-
turn mail, at $2.50 and ?5.00 each.

Borodino, Onondaga Co., N.Y.

2lDtf Please mentio'j the Bee Journal.

Standard-Bred Queens

Reared from Iraported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey-getters. Untested Queens, $1;
6, go; 12, ?M. Select untested, SI. 25; 6, Sfi; 12,
$10. Tested,?!. 50; select, $3.60; best, $5. List
tree. T. S. HALL.

UDSt JASPER, Pickens Co., t;A.

Mention Bee Joamal vrben wrtrloK.

Moore's Long-Tongue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Selert Untested Queens, $1; 6, $5; 12, $9.
Tested, $1.50; 5, S8. Best Breeders, $3 50. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W. M. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

9D18t Please mention the Bee Journal.

g-Fraine Italian MM

3-frame Nuclei of fine Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at J3.25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at $3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Well-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Cook's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook's Square Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Sapply-honse in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents bring's sample jar bj mail.

17Al3t Mention the Bee Jonrnal

FOR SALE

Italian Queens. Untested, !55ceach; Tested^
$1.00 each; or 3 for ?2 50. Money order on
Canton, Mo. W. SIMPSON, Meyer, 111.

22A2t Please mention the Bee Journal.

50 to 75 cases of two
5 gallon second-hand
Cans each. Clean and
in good shape. En-
quire of C. BECKER, Pleasant Plains, 111.
22A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

I have 50 colonies of all Italian J. L. Strong-
stock and Quirin's. All are in good condition
in new Danzenbaker hives. Price $4 50 per
colony f.o.b. here. Satisfaction guaranteed.
BERT GANDER,

23A4t PANORA, IOWA.

3 -Banded Italian Queens

J. p. Moore or my own strain. My apiary-
is stocked with thousands of choice drones
that are not kin to my breeding queens.

Queens, $1 eacb; dozen, $10

I guarantee satisfaction, and superior
honey-gatherers. W. 31. Parrish,

23.\tt R. R. No. S. Lawrence, Kan.
Mention Bee Jonrnal whea wrltlns.

For Sale

FASHION BOOK FREE

IktWehOTOO'Jisi'''''' ^^-

--^u^,-

ig0l. ^

HOW I DO IT lC:,or,

I will send you my handsome new fashion book
hich illustrates 500 of the latest styles. Itisa
.ilnaMt; I^Hik and every woman owning a sewint:
1.1. \un.- shunld have one. It also ctves 12 ILLIS-

TRATED LESSONSJn -ewlDg & Dress Cutttng.

' -h The Home Jn-

i^t.u^.^r, an illustrated
hnme woman's maaazine and I want your name
on my subscripfion list. The Home Jnstnixrior is
hright. entertaining, clean and instructive, just the
snriof paper you should have in your home. It
has departments for every featvire of home life,
and prints the choicest fiction ever>' month. Ever^-
issue has several pages devoted to latestfashions.

MY SPECIAL OFFER LdYwui^ln'S

yu The Home Instmclor for two years and will
send my big fashiiin bonk tn you free Address

A. OTIS ARlTOLD.'finincy, 111.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlax.

<< It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm."

June 6, 1907

Americaii Hee -Journal

(iro mndo overy year in thobook bnsinesi.
KviTy ftimily, rich or i»onr. must hiive
ImokH, DiiriiiK the lust lew jeiirs, $7,500,-
0(111. IK) hiive bcfn exiM-ntit-d for Mo.lern
Kloqn.-tK-e. .$12.((OO.li(Xt.OO for Sto-bhird's

V Lectures. S-Jl.OOO.OOO.OO for the Century
J Dictionnry. and the tremendous sum of

$44,000,000.00. covering over half a million
sets of the Fr.cyclopaedia Britiinnica.
These hooks were Bold by subscription in
American homes and eaJes are still
goin^ on.

We hare a subscription publication
which sells more readily than any of the
above. The demand is already bo tre-
mendous that mtire capital is required to
swing it, or get behind on orders. Profits
are enormouB. several times savings bank
Interest.

We have arranged a plan whereby

Any Progressive Man or Woman
Can Share These Profits ^

becoming stockholders in a profitable
business, based on .twenty years' experi-
ence. Remember. the success of this puhli-
cation is not away oft in the future— it ia
not prospective, but it is a success at the
present time and growing in demand
every hour. Sales of this publication at
the time of publishing this advertisement

Often Exceed $2000 a Day

This is an exceptional opportunity for
those of small means to get in on the
ground floor in a business which legiti-
mately pa>B large dividends and is as
solid as the Rockof Gibraltar. It cannot
be held open for long as the response is
certain to be so great that we shall
have all the capital we need to increase
the number of our presses and secure
Btock to l>e turned out in completed
books, which are selling like wildfire.

You owe it to yourself to investigate
this opportunity. You will never have a
a chance like this again to become

Part Owner in a
Mammoth Publishing House

which is already in successful operation,
already earning big dividends.and which
IB led to sell a small amount of its stock
simply because the business is already so
tremendous as to ©ihaust the working
capital. But if you would grasp this op-
portunity you must

nv Write Quick— Only a Few Can Come In

vSj Address your letter to me personally,
'*' like this-

V W. B. GUbert
Depl. G 28 JacksoD BWd., Cliicaf o

i

BEE-SFPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Mlves of all kinds. The Dovetail, Lang^stroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Kemember that half the
work ami worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Rvery one knows theadvantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Kemember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for if at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just' what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want

KRET6HMER MFG. 60., Gouncil Blults, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

Mention Bee Journal

whea wiitlBS.

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Cataloga— 1907:

Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker to
recommend above all others.

w. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I Root Co., Medina, Ohio.-The cone tits inside of the cud
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1S78
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements. '

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50—4 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 31/ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries .........'. l!oO— 3 "

Large — lasts longer than any other ^90 2}4 "

Little Wonder — as its name implies .......... '.6h~2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife!

T. F. BINGMflM. Farwell, Midi.

Patented May 20. 1879. BEST ON EARTH.

TENNESSEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

Aftbr Apbil 15th.

from

Italians Before July 1st

After July Ist

GflRNIOLftNS

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6 12

1

6

18

1

6

12

1

6

12

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

?: .75
1,00
1,50
■J, 00

$ 4.00

5.00

8,00

10.00

8 7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

* .60

.75

1.25

1.50

83.25
4.25
6.50
8.00

$ 6.00

8.00

12.00

15.00

$ .85
1.10
1.60
2.10

$450
5.50
8.50

10.50

$800

9.50

15.50

18.50

$ .95

1.20

1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6.00

9.00

11.00

$ 8.50
10.00
16.00
19.00

Straight 5-band (.nlden Breeders $10.00

Select Golden Bri--ders 3.00

" 3-band ' 3.00

" Carniolan ' 3.10

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3 25

1 full colony without queen "in 's-frame
dovetailed hive g qq

Select tlie Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts u
been in this se' ^

17A4t 21Dtf
Mention Be.;

large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

.onrnal when wrttliw. ' a. cs 1 -. wxiix.

494

June 6, 1907

American ^ee^Joumal

BE GOOD TO YOUR BEES

Suppose a man should build a house for you with low roofs, so low you would have to stoop to walk around, the stairs
steep and rickety, the windows small, the doors so narrow you could not walk through them without being squeezed, bumps
and bruises right and left, nothing fitting, nothing right. WOULD YOU LIVE IN A HOUSE LIKE THAT ? Well, I
suess not.

And yet some bee-keepers expect their bees to do good work in hives that are made wrongly at the outset, constructed
of poor material with incorrect bee-spaces, the lumber rough, encouraging comb-building and propolizing. What do the bees
do under such circumstances ? Why, they do the next best thing which is to set about to make over the hive — just what you
would do in the case of the poorly constructed house. They try to correct the human mistakes made in the building of the
hive. The men who have constructed the hive have made a botch of it, and the bees instinctively try to improve upon their
work. Bees cannot make hives and honey, too. Lewis hives are made scientifically right from the time the first board is
planed until the last nail is driven. Give your bees Lewis hives made of good, clean, smooth lumber, the parts fitting like a
watch, every bee-space just right. This insures returns, real returns for your money invested in bee-goods.

Thousands of Lewis Hives, Millions of Lewis Sections now on hand in the warehouses of the Lewis Company and their
distributing houses as given below.

DISTRIBUTING HOUSES

ENGLAND— E. H. Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

FRANCE— Raymond Garlel, Paris, 2 ter Quai

de la Me^isserie.
CUBA— C. B. Stevens & Co., Havana. 19 0ficios

C. B. Stevens & Co., Manzanillo.

CALIFORNIA— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., San
Francisco, I+I Spear St.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA- Paul Bachert,

Lancaster.
Doyle-Barnes Co., San Diego.
Fallbrook Co-operative A ss'n, Fallbrook.

COLORADO— Colorado Honey-Producers' As-
sociation, Denver.

Arkansas Valley Honey-Producers' Associa-
tion, Rocky Ford.

Grand Junction Fruit Growers' Association,
Grand Junction.

Robert Halley, Montrose.
IOWA— Adam A. Clarke, Le Mars.

Louis Hansseu's Sons, Davenport.

W. J. McCarty, Emmetsbnrg.

ILLINOIS— York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.,
Chicago, 191 E. Superior St.
Dadant & Sons, Hamilton.

INDIANA— The C. M. Scott Co., Indianapolis.

MICHIGAN— A.G. Woodman Co., Grand Rapids

MINNESOTA— Wisconsin Lumber Co., Min-
neapolis, 432 Lumber Exchange.

MISSOURI— E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph.

OHIO— Norrls &. Anspach, Kenton.

OREGON— The Chas. H. Lilly Co., Portland.

PENNSYLVANIA— Cleaver & Greene, Troy.

TEXAS— Southwestern Bee Co., San Antonio,
438 W. Houston St.

UTAH- Fred Foulger & Sons. Ogden.

WASHINGTON— The Chas.H. Lilly Company,
Seattle.

June 6, 1907

4')5

lAmericari l^ee JoarnaJj

A GREAT INPROYENENT

will be found In

TtlB-

American Bee -Keeper
For 19D7

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers In this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE YV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years.]

mention Bee Joomal vrhen wrltlBK,

4- ^cestpax^-

Chicago, May 9.— Very little hooey on the
market of any kind. Prices are therefore nom
inal. A little choice white clover comb sold at
I7c, and would bring that at present, but sup-
ply seems to be exhausted ; even with this scar-
city there is no demand for No. 2 grades. Ex-
tracted, white, 7@8c; amber, 6(<i'7c. Beeswax in
good demand at 32c. R. A. Bu«nett & Co.

CrNCiNNATi, May 23.— There is no material
change in the honey market at this writing.
Extracted honey is not moving so rapidly as it
could, owing to the cool weather. We quote
amber in barrels at S^@t%c; fancy table honey
in crates of two 60-pound cans at 8@'>c. For
choice, yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are
paying 31c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, May 25.— The homey market
has been quite brisk for this time of the year.
The continued cold weather has made both the
comb and extracted honey sell much higher
than usual. A number of odd lots have been
cleaned out of the market. We quote: Fancy
comb, 14(Stl5c; No. 1, 13(al4c; amber, 12(y'13c.
Fancy white extracted. 7@8c; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax firm at 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, May 21. — White comb honey is
practically cleaned up, and there is very little
demand at this time. There is some dark and
mixed comb on the market, but no demand to
speak of, and some of this will have to be car-
ried over until next season, or sold at a sacri-
fice. Therefore we cannot encourage ship-
ments of off-grades or dark honey at this time.
Extracted honey is in fair demand and prices
are ruling firm. There is very little new crop
arriving as yet from the South, and while it is
rather early, we doubt whether we will have
any large shipments from the Southern States
this season, as we fear there will be a short
crop, judging from the reports we are receiv-
ing. There is quite a good stock of last year's
crop still on the market, sufficient to last until
the new crop from various states arrives.
There is no change in price as to extracted
honey since our last. Beeswax firm and likely
to remain so for the next 2 months.

HiLDRBTH & SBGELKEN.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1SX)7 now on liand.

CINCINNATI

PREIUHT-

RATES FROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH.

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME. ^ttirZlt ''""■

A Special Discount dii Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

boolc

Order for

LiA^iS, and CAUCASIANS.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaries,
the COL, ■»■■:.> VKI.-
■.OWS, CARNIO-

C. H.W.WEBER :="'

Office and Salesrooms, 2146r48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Avel.

Indianapolis, April 12. — comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand Is slack. Fancy white
comb brings 16@l7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12@13c. Best grades of extracted honey bring
8@9c; amber, 6@7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at$35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S, Poudkr.

ToLBDO, May 3.— There is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at tbis
season of the year. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16@17c; No. 1, 15@16c, with no
demand for dark honey. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees-
wax is bringing28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, May 4,— Receipts of comb and
extracted honey are light; in fact, the market
is almost bare. The demand for comb honey
Is good, but for extracted is rather light. We
quote: No. 1 white comb, 24 sections, $3.25; No.
2, $2.75; No. 2 amber, $2.50 to $2.75. Extracted,
white, 8@9c; amber, 7ta8c. Beeswax, 50c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,80. White
extracted, 8@8>6c per pound; light amber,
7^@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honky-Producers* Assn.

Cincinnati, May 21.— The market on fancy
white comb honey is entirely bare. No. 2 is
selling slowly at 12c. Extracted, light amber,
brings S^B@6c. Beeswax is selling here at £35
per 100 pounds. C. H. ff. Wbbbr.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consignia^, buying or selling, conaalt

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr 8t. Chicago. Ilu

Mention Bee Joomal irken writlnx.

If you want the Bee-Book

That coverB the whole Aplcnltnral Field more

completely than any other pnblished.

Bend $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal DlKoanta to the Trade.

"Xhe continuous adTertlser
g^ets the bulJk ot tUe business,
because otiiers are not. adver-
tising, and he is."

POOR HONEY CROP

in 1906, but we solrt in Michigan

1,143,000 LEWIS SECTIONS

^^^^^^^ WHY?

Remus, Mich., Feb. 25, 1907.
A. G. Woodman, (Irand Rapids, Mich.

JJear iiir : — I use Lewis Sections exclusively;
there are none better — the only perfect "V"-cut section
that has come to my notice. They fold without moist-
ening. E. D. TOWNSEND.

5 car-loads now in immediate shipments. 74 freight
and 55 express trains daily. Advanced Bee-Veil, post-
paid, 50 cents.

A. G. WOODMAN CO. ^'■'^"i^i^h"^"'^

"In every :]3iintry tHe snccessful advertiser is tlie continuous advertiser;

496

June 6. 1907

American Hee Journal

BEESWAX

We are always in the market to buy Beeswax, and pay the highest market
prices. We want Beeswax from the bee-keepers direct.

DADAHT'S FOUNDATION

.^IT EXCELSi^

Wherever you are you can get our goods. Write us and we will either
make you prices or will tell you where you can get our Foundation nearer to
you. We have Agents everywhere.

BEE=SUPPUES

We handle every kind of Bee-Keepers' Supplies, and only the very best.
Write us before selling your Beeswax or buying your season's Supplies.
Send for our Catalog.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, HI.

M ^ ^t. .«- -«- -f- .^te. ife -^ '*iL±'i^''i^l^ i*ii A*fc afe i'^ i*if i*i i*it iSti'^ i*ifi*t i'^ jife i'^i*it iHf^i'^ i'fe iHt ife ite afe i<& ji<fe i*i

#

i&

#

t#

4i>\l/\l/ ii/\i/\i/\iAiA)/\*>^^>

•^

Marshfielcl Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why, should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED' HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SniPPlNQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have nofyet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Sob, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Ko""^' 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, K. S.
S. D. Bnell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury. Out.

ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phcenix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony..

ILLINOIS— D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. HoUowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN-S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^m

47th Year

June 13, 1907

Number 24

THIRTY-T>l AGE NUMBER

498

June 13, 1907

American Hee Journal!

PrBLlSHED WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

115 W.Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SrBSCKIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
$l.CMi a year, ill the United States of America and
Mexico; all otlier countries in the Postal Union, 50
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-L,ABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to wbich your subscription is paid.
For instance. "deco7" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

fldvertlsing Rate, per flgate Line, iOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Notliiug less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times — S per cent
13 " ....10
26 " ....20 "
52 " ....30 "

Space Discounts.

lOOlines... 5 per cent

500 " ...10
1000 " ...20 "
2000 " ...30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
disconnts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, conat line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday mornlQ^.

National Bee Keepers' Associatie. :

Objects of the Association.

Ist.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in th?:.
awful ridhts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration o.
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer —

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

jy If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

O wojT YOU BEE m HONEY

And CHKft THIS LONELY HEART?
Fob I WOULD HUO YOU ALL THE TinE'(
And wt WOULD nfVEft PART

xf —I- f^^

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith shew the card in reduced
size, and but one color , while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices — postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
3 i silver), or 5 FREE with the American Bee
X carnal one year at $1.00 ; 10 for 25c. There
is a blank space on the card about 2x2K
inohee in size for writing. Send all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPLIES

■14

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dovetailed Hives, Sections, !l$eclion-llolders,
Separators, Brood-Frames, Foundation, Smolcers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-CasFS, etc. It may mean a saying to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-Keepers' Suddiu Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Jonmal when irrltlnK.

HOW TO PA NT

Buggies, farm wagons, farming tools, barns, outbuildings and
houses often need painting. ••Everybody's Paint Book," written by a thorough-
ly practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting.
It is deigned for the special use of those who wish to do tlieir own painting. It gives
practical lessons in plain painting, varnishing, polishing, Staining, paper hang-
ing, kalsoniining, etc.

It also tells how to renovate furniture and gives many hints on artistic work
for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mixing paints for all purposes.

If farming tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, and
anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantially
"bound in cloth. A copy will be sent postage prepaid on receipt of price, $1.00

SPECIAL OFFERS

For SI. 60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee Journal one year;
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, lU.

DiUmer's GoniD foundation

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this conntrj
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens oO cents
each; 6 for $3.3S, or 12 for $6 So. Tested, SI.OO,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.00. GEO. W. BARNES.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Uentlon Bee Jonmal when writlas.

QUEENS - ITALIAN - QUEENS

and bees from Root*s Red-Clover stock and
Golden Italian Queens. Better than ever.

Untested 60c each; six, $3.50

Selected untested 7Sc " " 4.00

Tested $1.00 " " 5.00

Selected tested 1.25 "

Two-frame nuclei with untested queen. .2.0

Orders filled in rotation. Send orders to

E. A. SIMMONS, Greenville, Ala

17Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

June 13, 1907

499

AmericaD liee Journal

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

other LewiM
and rroinpt

Full colunles, in up-to-date hives; Nuclei and
choice (Jueens.

Herwliiser Wax Press and
Bec-Supplies. Good Goods
Sliipinerit.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next feu-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth o(
these goods, and no complaint.

ZW Send lor liKt ol Slightly l>am-
aK^tl^oods lo Nelect trom at Kediiced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New (ioods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

n. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supp y Co.

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO,

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.
AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mention the Bee Journal.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Read.T for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, ?ii. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

BEE 0 POUI.TRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc. Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments.

LEWIS' FAfflODS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners— Free.

29Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

(QUEENS FOR YOU

(iolden, i;arniolan, Caucasian, and .'i-band
Italians- yiur choice. Prices: L'nieslcd, 7.')c;
Tested, .$1 mi. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given .m application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINB CO.
JOHN W PMAkK, Prop., Berclalr. Texas.

12Atf Please mention the Bee Jovraal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
■trnctlble, and riving entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb U}nndatlon made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylnv
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.uo. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any site wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

<5Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

BEE-SUPPLIES

Hives, Sections, Comb Foundation. Smokers,
etc. Best of goods, reasonable prices, and a
" square deal." Send for free catalog.

ARTHUR RATTRAY, Almont, Mich.

12Al3t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many l>ee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
premium for sending us One
1 New subscriber to the Bee Journal
>for a year at $1.00; or for fl.lO we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

QEOROe W, YORK & CO.,

. . - CHICAGO, ILL.

" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder."

Established 1889

When the Shipment Arrives

By the Bee-Crank

When your goods come to hand and
you open them up and find the things that
you wanted most are missing, and in
their place a nice letter from the dealer,
telling you that they "will follow soon,"
what can you do ? Wait until they come.
It is only a small matter, of course, but it
is the small things that get on the nerves.

I malie a specialty of not only prompt
shipments, but complete ones. I keep the
goods ahead, and it is a very rare thing
indeed when I am not able to ship an order in full
the day it is received. And it is very carefully
packed to eliminate possibility of damage in transit.

A bee keeper is not very much impressed with

points of this kind, until he has had some
experience with the other kind of service,
and then they cut a lot of ice.

These goods are never out of stock —
Hoffman's Frames, Danzenbaker Hives,
Dovetailed Hives, Section Honey-Boxes,
Weed-Process Comb Foundation, Honey
and Wax Extractors, Bee Veils, Pouder's
Honey-Jars and a full line of Root's goods
at Root prices. Send for free catalog tell-
ing all about them.
Beeswax Wanted — The best market price
paid on all shipments sent to me. Send by freight
if large, and express if small package, and attach
your name and address.

W/ol-f/at* Q \^f\t\r ^t* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
yVdlLCl 415. t^UUltVl INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA

HI

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

ROOT OBSERVATION HIVE

Observation Hive Inside a Boom with Entrance under Vie
Raised iiaxh.

In recent years there has been an ever-increasing interest in
bees as a subject for nature study in the schools, and a correspond-
ing demand for observation hives to facilitate the study of bees at
work, without exposing the student directly to them, as is necessary
with ordinary hives. To meet this demand we offer several styles
and sizes of observation hives. These are made with skeleton frame, .
with glass in sides and ends of the brood-chamber, and in sides only
of the super. Shutters are provided to cover the glass. These
shutters have brass rings to handle them by and brass buttons to
hold them in place. Brass hooks are also provided to hold the sev-
eral sections of the hive together. The hives are finished in the
natural wood, oiled and varnished, and altogether they are very
attractive in appearance. We furnish them regularly in 8-frame,
Langstroth depth. The super is fitted for the 4x5x19^ plain section.
Hives are usually furnished put together and tinished. We can sup-
plv material in the flat, but it is work for a cabinet-maker who un-
derstands his business to put them up, and we do not care to fur-
nish them in flat unless you order one complete as a model.

The bottom is no longer than the hive, and a covered extension is provided to. lead the bees out-doors under the window-
sash or other opening provided. In the full-sized hive a colony of bees can be kept by a window the year round, or for only a
part of the season, as may be desired. The work of the hive, including the building of comb in the sections, can be watched

at intervals without opening the hive or disturbing the
bees. For work in the school-room before a class we rec-
ommend the one-frame hive. With ths one-frame observa-
tion hive it is necessary to remove the frame of bees and
put in a fresh one about once a week at least, for the best
results. As a rule, arrangements may be made with a
local bee-keeper to provide a frame of bees each Monday
morning, returning at end of week.

We make one-frame observation hives for L. frames
or for Danz. frames and a row of sections above, or the L.
frame with a row of sections above. These are provided
with a wood case to slip over to shut out the light when
you are not watching the bees. We show this one-frame
hive and the case in accompanying illustration. This con-
sists of turned-wood corners with glass inserted in grooves
in ends as well as the sides.

Observation Hive with Panels Removed.

pr.ice3-IjIst oi^ obsbr.va.tion- hives

Observation Hive (Sframe), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass— and bees with queen $15.00

Observation Hive (8-frame), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass — no bees 7.S0

Observation Hive (S.frame), without frames 7.00

" Super " complete, with sections 2.50

" Hive " without super 5.00

" Brood-chamber, complete, with frames — no cover

or bottom 3,7.^

Observation brood-chamber without frames 3.25

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frame, no super, with

case 2.50

One-frame Observation Hive for Hoffman L. frames, no super,

with case 2.50

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frames, with super,

with case 3.00

One-frame Observation Hive for Hofi'man L. frames, with su-

ner, with case 3.00

(For bees and queen in one-frame hive, add S3.00. )

One-frame Observation Eiva with Case Retnoved.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at tbe Post^fflce at Cblcago as Becond-Claas Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by (ieorge VV. York & Co., 118 W. Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 13. 1907

Vol. XLVII— No. 24

i»r«'!'^--'s;;S'?;'\-*.-

m

WWsfTVfXTm

Oliscellaneou
He W3 - Items

Mr. J. L/. Byer, of Mount .Joj, Unt., has
been appointed Inspector for the district east
of Toronto as far as Belleville and north, in-
cluding Peterboro and Victoria counties. The
other inspectors for Ontario are as follows :

Wm. McEvoy, of Woodburn ; Jacob Al-
paugh, of Dobbinton; James Armstrong, of
Cheapside; H. G. Sibbald, of Claude; and M.
B. Holmes, of Athens.

We congratulate Mr. Byer upon his new
position, and also the bee-keepers in his dis-
trict upon the appointment of so capable a
bee-keeper to inspect their apiaries.

Darwin's Nationality. — We have re-
ceived the following referring to the nation-
ality of Charles Darwin :

Mr. Editor:— On page 4.30, Burton N.
Gates says that Charles Darwin's volume on
the earthworm "is a noble example of the
German spirit in American research." Does
that mean that Darwin was an American?

E. J.

It is not safe to say exactly what may have
been meant, but at any rate Charles Darwin
was an Englishman.

A Traitor to Bee-Keepers. — We have
received a communication from Mr. Jas. A.
Stone, Secretary of the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' , Association, and also a member of
that Association's Legislative Committee. It
seems that a discovery was made while at-
tempting to secure the passage of certain
Bills in the interest of bee-keepers, and the
following tells about it:

Bee-Keepers, Take Warning!

What shall we name him when we find a
" traitor in the camp of Israel;" For what
can we call him but a traitor to bee-keepers,
when he has done his very best to prevent
legislation in their favor? He says in quite

a lengthy letter td the chairman of the com
mittce in the Senate — before whom our Fou
Brood Bill was to pass — that he is " the
largest bee-keeper in the State of Illinois,"
and he " does not want a foul brood law." He
" can see after his bees himself." Also says,
" It is a combine that are asking for the law,
that will permit them to burn a man's bee-
hives so tliey can sell him more," etc.

When the Foul Brood Bill was to come be-
fore the Agricultural Committee in the Sen-
ate, the committees representing the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association were there.
When the Bill was read before the Senate
Committee, and the chairman allowed our
members to be heard, he said: "We will
postpone action on this Bill one week, till
this committee has heard a letter from a bee-
keeper, that I have at the hotel."

That afternoon we had an opportunity to
read the letter. We surprised the senator
who held the letter, by telling him the author
of it before he named him to us.

That evening we sent out a few letters to
our friends, telling them the condition, and
how anxious some of the Senate were to hear
from them, and it resulted as follows :

One week from that day we were at the
Senate again, with u stenographer in readiness
to get a verbatim copy of that letter.

When we told the chairman of the Senate
Committee we wanted to be present at its
meeting, he answered, " We can not meet to-
day ; but that letter will not be read, and we
will report your Bill out favorably."

We heard no more from that letter either
in the Senate or House. The Bill passed the
Senate, but was defeated in the House on its
passage; the same old objection — " Don't like
to create a new ollice."

The warning, we think, ought to be given
to bee-keepers is this: Be careful what you
buy of a bee-keeper who is afraid of the foul-
brood law as we offered it in the last session
of the Legislature (see page 17 of our 6th An-
nual Report.)

"No rOKue e'(
With good '

lett the baiter draw,

"II ion of the law."

We have meniiooed no names, but any
member of our l,e,'islative Committee, or of
the committee l.. araft our Bills, can name
this party it ask _ ; to do so. But our advice

is to treat him as the Legislature learned to do,

viz. : As an adulterator who did not want a

law that prevented him from selling his goods.

Jas. A. Stone,

fiec. Jit. Stale Hee- Keepers' Asuoriation,

and one of the Legislative Vommittee,

We thought at first that we might make an
extended comment on the foregoing, but per-
haps it is unnecessary, as Mr. Stone has made
it very plain. It is almost unthinkable that
there could be, in the ranks of bee-keepers,
one who would do what the " traitor" did,
to whom Mr. Stone refers. Surely, he should
be denied membership in any bee-keepers'
organization, for he has clearly shown that
he is not in sympathy with the objects of
such organization, but, on the contrary, is an
enemy.

We suppose Mr. Traitor thinks he has suc-
ceeded in preventing legislation, but his day
of reckoning will certainly come. In fact, it
seems that already some people are " getting
onto him " as an "adulterator." Such have
been discovered before, among bee-keepers,
and then their "days were numbered " as bee-
keepers.

It Is to be hoped that at the next session of
the Illinois Legislature bee-keepers may get
all they ask for, and thus be in line with those
of other States where needed laws are being
enacted to prevent the spread of disease
among bees.

Worcester Co., Blass., Association. —

There are in Massachusetts two bee-keeper's
associations, of which the Worcester County
Association claims the lead in activity. It is
the older of the two, and has an active mem-
bership of nearly 100. The meetings are held
once in each winter month, on the second
Saturday, in Horticultural Hall. All pro-
ceedings are open to the public and are
largely in the interest of the general welfare.
Once each year, they hold, with the State
Board of Agriculture, an Institute and all-day
session — an occasion of the gathering from
over New England of the prominent bee-
keepers. The Institute for this year was held
in February as reported on another page of
this issue.

Membership of the Association is not limi-
ted to those of Worcester County nor the
State, but any one interested in New England
is eligible to membership. One fee, 50 cents.

502

June 13, 1907

American HeQ Journal

paid at the time of joining is all that has been
required ot all whohave joined thus far. This
Jow fee maintains the high standard through
the courtesy ot the Worcester County Honi
cultural Society, to whom is due many a
thank for the free and unconditional use of
their building. If interested, and you desire
to join this society, to iniure that you are
kept posted on all matters apicultural in tha
section of the country— to insure getting all
notices, and to have the benefits ot a progres-
sive group of bee-men— write to the Secretary,
Mr. Arthur H. Estabrook, care Clark Univer-
sity, Worcester, Mass.

The meeting held last September, in the
aboye-mentioned hall, was a 3 days' " Bee-
Show "—an exclusiv.Iy bee-keepers' affair,
not for the benefit of the supply-men nor for
the honey-market contrcllers, but a purely
educational show, for the direct edification ot
the public and the producer— the source and
the demand. It was a success; it drew the
attention of the best bee-keepers and those in-
terested in progression, from all parts of the
country. Another will be held next tall. All
Interested can gain information through the
press or direct from the Secretary. They are
anxious to reach all interested in the Associa-
tion and its aims. If you wish to become a
member, or if you want the announcements,
notify the Secretary. It is believed that the
Association can help you to promote your-
self. Ask what they can do for you.

The following are brief sketches of the ofli-
cers ot the Association:

Pres. Burton N. Gates.

Mr. Gates was born and brought up in
Worcester, Mass., and went through the pub-
lic schools there, entering Cornell, Class of
1905. Left Cornell to enter Clark University
from which he graduated In 1905 with degree
of A. B, taking in 1906 his degree of M.A.
During the past year he has been an assistant
teacher in biology in Clark University.

He has kept bees for some 1? years, keep-
ing them more tor study and the pleasure of
working with them than for pecuniary profit.

Mr. Gates is of a modest, kindly nature,
and enjoys the blessings of a delightful home
in a pleasant part of Worcester. He is an in-
defatigable worker, and since he is a young
man we can confidently look tor important
work along apiarian lines from him in years
to come.

IsT Vice-President F. H. Drake.

Mr. F. H. Drake, President for the year ot
1905, and Vice-President the succeeding years
is one ot the progressive members ot the So-
ciety. Mr. Drake lives in a good honey-
couBtry— East Brookfleld- where he produces
an A No. 1 quality of comb honey. The de-
mand is greater than the product of his
apiary of from 25 to 30 colonies.

Mr. Drake writes that he first became inter-
ested in bees from the time he saw a row ot
box-hives in a neighbor's yard when a boy.
In 1900 he traded a home-made hive tor a
swarm, from which he made Immediate in-
crease. The lowest average of 33 pounds per
colony in a poor year is more than out-
weighed by the best average ot 80 pounds per
colony. These figures are an indication of
the possibilities in Massachusetts.

Mr. Drake is profiting by some of the things
recommended in the meetings ot the Associa-
tion, which he says is the source of the latest
and best information in bee-keeping. For in-
stance, he was one of the earliest to recog-
nlEe the advantage of the black-paper method
of wintering bees. While the bee-keeping on
the Drake farm is but a side factor in the big
business, the owner finds that it pays both
from the bee-keeper's standpoint, and from
the market gardener's standpoint. Bees are

infinitely valuable, yea, quite indispensable
to the fruit-producer and to the cucumber
man, we all know. The combination is most
profitable.

2d Vice-President Chas. H. Goodell.

Mr. Goodell is one of the oldest bee-keepers
of the Association, and has had bees since a
boy. His purpose has not been to keep bees
for the profit as much as for the things which
he can learn ; he has therefore been an exper-
imenter and investigator, has tried the vari-
ous races ot bees as they have been imported,
has examined the new theories and inven-
tions as they have appeared, and has given
freely to the Association the things which he
has learned. He cannot be without a colony
or two of bees, although he has tried it at
times.

The older readers ot the bee-press will re-
member the writings ot Mr. Goodell, which
appear. d in the years previous to 1S90.

Besides being one of the charier members
of the Worcester County Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation, and its first president, Mr. Goodell
has been president in succeeding years. On
several occasions he has read papers before
the Association. At the last institute meet-
ing his subject was on the " Relations ot
Flowers and Bees."

At present Mr. Goodell has at his home a
number of fine colonies of choice bees. He is
prominent in the City Council, was secretary
to the late Senator Hoar, and has been a
member of Congressional Committees. He is
a member of the Bar.

Secretary A. H. Estabrook.

Arthur H. Estabrook, the Secretary and

Treasurer of the Association, is one ot the
newer of the bee-keepers, but is an ardent
student ot biology. For several years he has
been connected with Clark University; he
graduated in 190.T with the first class from
the Collegiate Department; in 1906 he took
his degree of M..\, from the University, in
Biology, and is now working tor the degree
ot Doctor ot Philosophy.

Mr. Estabrook lives in Leicester, where the
pasturage is similar to that ot Mr. Drake's
country, before mentioned. It is Mr. E.'s in-
tention this summer to carry on some inves-
tigations on bees., which, if significant, will
be published. He has just published a paper
on " The English Sparrow Problem, and its
Status in America."

Northern California Bee-Keepers

will meet in convention in Sacramento, on
June 34. The organization was formed in
January, and a 2 days' convention held. We
received no report of it, hence no mention
was made in the American Bee Journal.

Mr. B. B. Hogaboom, ot Elk Grove, Sacra-
mento Co., Calif., is the Secretary of the
Northern California Association. Any other
information desired by bee-keepers in that
section of the State can be had by addressing
Mr. Hogaboom.

We would be pleased if convention secre-
taries would send us not only notices ot future
meetings, but also at least brief reports of
conventions held.

Our '^

Conducted by Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

A Successful Sister

Massachusetts sisters are probably
proud of one of their number of whom
it is reported in the American Bee-
Keeper :

Mrs. Richardson, secretary ot the Massa-
chusetts Society of Bee-Keepers, told of her
trials in getting a start in apicuhure, and
gave her hearers frequent occasion for mer-
riment. Her remarks were the more enter-
taining in that she had surmounted the difh-
cutties and has made a financial success ot
bee-keeping.

An Original Swarm -Sliaker

Mt Dear Miss Wilson:— Since you so
kindly invited me to come again, here I am,
and I have spent much time the past months
reading the back numbers of both the Ameri-
can Bee Journal and Gleanings. I found lots
of good things in both, but the controversy
over "shook swarms " amused me, for I feel
that I have the honor to be the original
" shook swarmer" or "swarm shooker." Ot
course, those men haven'tlollowed my method
exactly, or adopted my way, but still I feel
that the honor belongs right here. You see,
I used to be terribly afraid of bees — no won-
der when a "dead " bee fixed me the w:r. it
did. But that is another story. An i so
when papa left me in full charge of his ^p\-

ary one day, with careful instructions how to
proceed in case ot a swarm, I just hoped and
prayed that those bees would behave them-
selves.

In order to discourage any swarming ideas,
I attached the hose and gave the hives a good
wetting. Then I decided to bake a cake. So
after a delay in deciding what kind to make,
I started in and was putting it in the pan
when I heard the awfuUest roar; and glanc-
ing through the window I saw the air full of
bees. They were swarming all right. Well,
1 shoved that cake into the oven and shut the
door. Say. it was a devil cake, and really I
felt devilish right then, tor I was half scared
to death at the prospect of plenty of stings.
But it couldn't be helped ; I was in for it.

So I went out and looked for the bees.
There they were, nicely clustered in a little
plum tree about ~ feet from the ground.
There must have been a bushel. So I put on
a hat and veil, lit the smoker, got the hive
and an old sheet ready, put on rubber gloves,
and I was ready. No I wasn't, either, for
how was I to keep those bees from crawling
up my, my sh— well, my hose* I gave up
that problem, for the bees were getting rest-
less, so I carried out the sheet and spread it
under the tree. Buzz in my ear, and I ran
for the house. Then I carried out the hive
and set it under the cluster. " Buzz " said a
bee, and away I flaw. A^ain mustering my
courage, I went bsck and arranged the
frames and hive nicely, but I had to fly again
—that awful buzz made me nervous.
Now about 6 feet from the tree where the

J

June 13, 1907

503

American ^cc Journal/^^^g^^gaii^ i

swarm clustereil wiis iinotlier low, bushy tree
— a damly place to liidufroin uii angry bee,
because you could bury your&ult in the (;reun
branches. So I p;ot our long-handled ral<t\
and hiding myself in this bushy trt"-, I-
reached over until I could hook the rake ovir
the limb where the bees clustered, then I
.s7/(K>/.-, and down went the bees kerrtop, right
in front of the hive. I shook a few more
times tor luck, then dislodging the rake- I
tapped the hive gently with it. After a while
they all crawled in and made themselves at
home. That was my lirst attempt to hive
bees, and after explaining my method to
papa, he said it certainly should be success-
ful, and he guessed they would be willing to
stay almost anywhere after that bump.
Seems to me my ellorts are not appreciated
as they might be, here at home. Of course, I
don't hive that way any more, but don't you
think I was one of the very tirst shakers?
St. Clair Co., 111. Sistek Esperanza.

Yes, you certainly are a "shaker,"
or, perhaps, to use the more fashion-
able form of the word, a "shooker."
Let us hope that the time occupied in
" shaking " or " shooking " did not re-
sult in too dark complexion for that
cake.

Lessons from Losses of Bees

Our British Expert Sisters

In 1906 there were in England 128
examinations for experts' certificates,
and we are told in the British Bee
Journal the 87 successful candidates
were principally ladies. The British
lady bee-keepers seem to be getting
the start of their Yankee sisters.

I have been comparing notes with a
few fellow bet-keepers in my own
State and elsewhere, and when I find
how others have fared, my own loss —
20 percent which includes the dead, the
queenless, and the very weak colonies —
seems small in comparison.

I have had 2 reports from Lincoln,
Nebr., which show heavy loss. One is
from an extensive bee-keeper who
handles pure Italians only. He reports
a loss of two-thirds of all colonies. My
own loss was mostly amongst the Ital-
ians. Carniolans and Cirni-Italians
are without doubt better able to with-
stand severe conditions.

A party writing from Kansas City
reports the loss of all but 2 out of 9,
and these 2 are weak. So it goes.

One of my correspondents is in the
northeast part of the country. He is
not a small bee-keeper, having more
than than SCO colonies of different
kinds of bees in separate yards. He
says : " Fifty percent of the golden
Italians are dead, and the balance are
weak ; 25 percent of the leather-col-
ored Italians are in the same condi-
tion ; 10 percent of the Carniolans are
weak, but the rest are all right."

I see the A. I. Root Co. also testify
to the greater hardiness of the dark
races of bees. Practical honey-pro-

ducers will draw their own conclusions
and act accordingly.

I have ijiite a variety of hives in my
bee-yard, and I did not find that bees
in small or medium-sized hives came
out wor.se than those in the big ones.
Some of the lost colonies were in large
hives, with abundance of honey. Per
contra : I wintered a few colonies on
5-inch frames with candy cakes on top,
and there was no loss amongst these,
although I had removed the remains of
the candy and given frames early ip
April, which I surely would not have
done if I had foreseen such a " spell of
weather " as we were to have through
April and much of May. Therefore
one lesson for me is to be very slow
about changing the winter arrangement
for that of summer. I had supposed
that lesson learned.

As to forage for the bees, there has
been very little here so far. Fruit-
bloom was a failure. Much of it was
" nipped in the bud," and did not open
at all. There are very few dandelions
here. The first real support the bees
are to have is likely to be yellow sweet
clover, which is a little behind time,
but is looking nice since the heavy
rains we have had for the last week. A
few of the earliest blossoms are likely
to open within a week.

I am going to feed the bees some and
" bide my time," with good courage.
(Mrs ) A. L. Amos.

Comstock, Nebr., June 1.

Cleaning Sections of Honey In a
Warm Climate

On page 337, " Missouri " asks a number of
questions on the subject of cleaning sections.
yo. .9 is a serious one with some of us, and as
Dr. Miller answers it only by telling him to
clean in cold weather, which is not always
feasible, may I give him another answer
through your column?

A damp cloth is not much good as it smears
the knife. I always keep a little pot of lard
on the table, and slightly grease my fingers
and knives before I begin to clean ; this keeps
the propolis from sticking badly. Then I
always use 3 knives — a butcher-knife with a
curved point to clean the sections, and a com-
mon kitchen-knife to clean this knife with.
A sharp stroke will clean the propolis from
the greased knife much more easily than a
cloth.

For taking off honey that has run out, I
always use a cloth and cold water, as Dr.
Miller does. Mias Colorado.

Many thanks for your experience.
Truth is, what is especially needed is
such experiences in warmer latitudes
where cold weather can not always be
had to order. (In this locality we can
always have weather so cool that prop-
olis will be brittle, if we wait for it.)
I have used the butcher-knife with the
case-knife to clean it, but much prefer
the cabinet scraper, as it takes hold so
much better than a knife will, and does
so much better work. Just try for
yourself and see if you don't find it
better.

It must be admitted, however, that
my experience is in weather when the
propolis is generally brittle. If very
warm, it might not be so easy to clean
off the scraper.

It might be well to caution those who
use grease on the fingers to use it very
sparingly else the wood of the sections
may be marred by grease-spots.

Rcflectioiiisr

or .»

California Bee-Kceper ^^^

Bt W. a. Pryal, Alden Station, Oakland, Calif.

New Lse for the Auto-Bike

I was out to see my friend Otto Byke
the other day. He was in the back
yard overhauling what he called his
" flying-dutchman." I asked him
where he was going, and he replied,
" Down south."

"And going to take that auto-bike
with you ?" I ventured to question him.

" No, not exactly ; it will take me."

" And what do you expect to do down
there ?"

"Well, Bill Beeman has asked me to
comedown and run his honey-extractor
this season. I have planned to harness
the auto-bike f,'as-engine to the extrac-
tor, and between us we shall have a
sweet old time making the honey fly."

"You don't say!" And I wondered
if some other fellow would steal his
idea and get it patented.

Bee-Glue

Bees must be insane at times. Just
look at the crazy manner in which

they will daub the inside of their hive
all up with nasty, sticky propolis. If
the stuff were used intelligently, I
would not mind it a bit. But when it
comes to shoving the dauby article in
hunks in unnecessary places on hive
and frames, I simply give up and pro-
nounce the bees "crazy." And there
is so much of it. May be it is my loca-
tion ; perhaps the poor little pets get it
stuck to their feet and use the inside
portions of the hive as a door-mat to
wipe it off. But the trouble of getting
the propolis off one's hands — that's
what sticks me : the nasty, sticky stuff !
I've pulled, and I"ve scraped, and per-
spired ; the gum has flown in my eyes,
got into my pockets ; I breathed it all
day and dreamed of it by night, as the
odor of it haunted my wakeful as well
as my sleeping hours. And it has be-
smeared my hands so that it would not
come off even when I tried grease, oil
and soap of fine and coarse degree.
My hands are not beauties, 'tis too
true, but, then , who wants to go to a se-
lect affair in the social line with hands
stained and daubed with a disagreea-
ble yellow ? Why, people would think

504

June 13, 1907

American ^ge Journal j

that — but never mind what they might
think I got on them.

There is a big blessing coming to
the man who will discover an infallible
and quick propolis-eradicator. Per-
haps it might be better to produce a
strain of bees that have not the propo-
lis-instinct as a predominant feature.

Commercial Letter-Writers

I received two bee-papers to-day ;
they are good papers and true. One
was Gleanings in Bee-Culture ; the
other the "Old Reliable." I could not
help observing letters reproduced from
the files of the business or honey de-
partment of the A. I. Root Co. that
were printed in the former paper ; and
all about honey that seemed to have
mysteriously changed its character
while being shipped between two
points. Queer, but rather uninterest-
ing to the average reader. The other
paper had a lot more about honey — a
lengthy correspondence from honey-
merchants. This batch was interest-
ing to all. And there are others, too,
in both the reading and advertising
columns. But I was going to state
that these two numbers would make a
good " Ready Letter-Writer " to give
to the children as models of business
letters.

The Hoffman Frames

I like the Hoflfman frames very well,
especially when I am able to manipu-
late them once or more during the
year, but woe is he who has to tackle
a lot of them in hives that have not
been opened for several years ! The
amount of good, "healthy" propolis
the bees will pile on and about these
frames is a caution. I have recently
been using some of these frames that
have the "square" edge, and I like
them much better than I do when one
edge is beveled — that is, when one edge
on each side of a frame is so made. At
first I believed that when the flat or
square edges would come together, the
bees would be needlessly killed. I now
find that one does not have to be much
more careful in handling these frames
than when he is manipulating the
other kind. But I have been thinking,
will we always use the Hoffman frame?
I rather think not. Like lots of other
things introduced into our apiaries in
times gone by, we came to discard
them in the end, for good and sufficient
reasons.

I am just in receipt of a letter from
Mr. R. M. Spencer, Ventura County
(this State), wherein he says that he is
transferring his combs from the Hoff-
man frames into plain frames of his
own. More than this he saith not.
Still, per contra, last week I heard of a
bee-keeper up the Sacramento river
who ordered 3000 of these frames from
a San Francisco bee-ware house. I
wonder if he, too, will be discarding
them, after a while.

'< It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm

The " Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

Swarming in France and Here.

The carefully observed and collated
facts about swarming which Adrian
Getaz copies from the French ought to
be of decided interest. Different flavor,
for one thing, from what we get this
side. Several years and a number of
apiaries drawn on. When our folks
can get around to do the like, it will be
in order to note how things in France
differ from things in our country.
Meantime we can make luminous
guesses about our conditions and com-
pare conjecture with fact. For part
of the work I have records which will
parallel theirs — if it were not so great
a task to collate them. Have just run
over my first 3 years as to the dates of
swarms. Both earlier and later than
theirs, and, of course, more days in the
swarming period. Their extremes are
from May 17 to July 4, or 49 days for
the swarming period. My extremes
(taking in only 1880, 1881 and 1882) are
from May 12 to Sept. S, or 117 days —
much more than twice as long, not to
mention their average duration of only
24 days. My commencement for 1881
was not normal, as I was dividing, for
needed increase, everything I thought
would bear dividing. But after a bit
the bees struck in and would swarm
some notwithstanding the dividing.
Collating 1880 and 1882 together, I had
3 swarms in May, 120 in June, 126 in
July, 38 in August, and 1 in Septem-
ber. Total, 288. Number of colonies
was 56 the former year and 68 the lat-
ter. Some of my later years have been
much less swarmy than these. Col-
lating the whole great mass would re-
duce the proportion of August swarms.
Also, if a number of other apiaries
were collated with mine, the joint re-
sult would be less swarms per hundred
colonies, I take it.

Only for the year 1900 and since have
I marked down the time of day. Was
moved thereto by what seemed to me to
be the absurdity of things I saw in
print about it. Sometimes the time of
day didn't get put down. Sometimes a
cluster is found hanging, and no one
knows how long ago it came out. But

1 have the records of a sufficiently
jolly big lot spread over 7 years. The
total is 666. Queer that it should he
just the number of the Beast in Reve-
lation, but that is what it footed up.
Considering our extreme climate, we
might expect swarms both earlier in
the day and later in the day than in
France, and so it is. In the French
records 8 : 15 a.m. is the earliest. In
my records I have one at S : OS a.m., and

2 more before 7. The latest for France

is 4 p.m. My latest is 5 : 17 p.m. — with
a doubt in favor of another colony
which was hanging on the front of
their hive at S p.m., and swarmed un-
seen later. Both these extra-late ones
were prime swarms. About the 3 ex-
tra-early ones it was either unknown
or unrecorded whether prime swarms
or not. Let us now make way for the
table :

Between S and 6 a.m 1

" 6 and 7 " 2

7 and 8 " 45

Sand 9 " 75

9 and 10 " 129

10 and 11 " 99

11 and 12 m 76

12 and 1 p.m 81

1 and 2 " 63

" 2 and 3 " 45

3 and 4 " 36

4 and S " 12

5 and 6 " 2

Total 666

I think that seeming decline between
11 and 12 is not an eccentricity, but
comprehensibly all right ; and 76 the
true normal for the hour and tempera-
ture. All previous figures swollen by
colonies that got ready to swartn dur-
ing the night, 3.n& had to postpone till
day. Practically all of these would be
out at 11 a.m.

The French apiaries had only 5 per-
cent before 10 a.m. Mine had 252,
which is 38 percent. They had 22 per-
cent between 10 and 12. I had 175,
which is 26 percent. They had 56 per-
cent between 12 and 2 p.m. I had 144,
which is only 21 'i percent. (This is a
very striking divergence between
France and the United States. Swarms
in the early hours of afternoon are not
superlatively plenty with us.l They
had 15 percent between 2 and 3 p.m.; I
had 45, which is 7 percent. They had
2 percent later than 3 p.m.; I had 50,
which is 7yi. percent.

Swarms naturally divide themselves
into primes, afterwarms, and deserters.
Some little differences of time of day
would very likely appear if they were
tabulated separately ; but I think the
difference would not be very material.

Anierikanisclie Uienenziiclit,

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1.75. Address
all orders to this office.

June 13, 1907

505

American Hee Joarnaljf^^^>=^^^ j

No.

4,— Uniting Colonies and
Forming Nuclei

BY K. C. AIKIN

I have spoken of a system of man-
agement that calls for the uniting- of
bees, dividing^ and making of nuclei,
and of comb-building, etc. I think it
will be well to give some more minute
directions as to how these things may
be best accomplished.

Uniting Colonies.

Under some conditions to unite
strange bees is a very easy thing ; un-
der other conditions it is almost im-
possible without having a general row
and many bees killed. During a flow,
and when every bee has its sac full,
all you have to do is to unite, and it
may be done by setting one hive on
top of another, by mixing combs or
putting them together, so mixed that
there can not possibly be any two
crowds.

In any process of uniting the pres-
ence of robber-bees is one of the worst
things that can happen ; and, perhaps,
the very next worst thing is empty
sacs. When a flow is on, and the day
is far enough advanced that both
fielders and nurses are loaded with
nectar, and particularly the old bees
and fielders, they can be put together
in almost any way that comes handy ;
but if sacs are not full they should be
made to fill, and the less fielding and
the more scarce nectar is the more
pains should be used to get them all
full. If there be but little or no un-
sealed stores, a good way is to take,
say 1 to 3 or 4 tablespoonfuls of honey
or sugar and make some sweetened
water, thin like fresh nectar, and with
this thoroughly sprinkle them.

The directions used to say, put pep-
permint or something in to scent the
bees alike, but that is altogether un-
necessary ; it is of far more impor-
tance to get the sacs full — full bees do
not attack anything, neither man nor
each other. A podded abdomen can do
little in combat ; stufi'ed bees seem to
think of nothing but to get to where
they can unload, and by the time that
is done the odor and acquaintance is
completed. I have made thousands of
unions when bees were full, and with
uniform success. In my early experi-
ence I lost many bees and queens be-
cause I did not see to the full-sac part
of the matter ; but when properly filled
all went well.

Sprinkling with cold water until they
want to cluster close, to get warm, will
also make them forget to fight. Ex-
posure to cold wind until they are ready
to hunt a warm place is also effective.

Just so sure as you put them together
without full sacs, or chilling, or a thor-
ough smoking, there will be almost
certain war. Uo not forget the matter
of robber-bees. If robber-bees are dip-
ping in, the bees that belong there do
not know one stranger from another —
they tackle any and all.

When uniting two lots of bees, where
one hive is to be set on another the
work may be done very quickly and
safely by putting a wire-cloth between
for a day or two, or a cloth with a
small hole through which they can
unite very slowly, and most of it done
after they have become settled after
the excitement of handling is over.
Outside of a time of nectar-gathering
unite late in the day or evening ; or, if
early, do it when cool or rainy, or at a
time they will not fly until they have
become settled. When all are well
loaded, I unite in any kind of way.

Forming Nuclei.

When one wants to make a nucleus
colony, and get about so many bees in
a hive to stay, that is not so easy if
the work be done in one yard. Then
much depends upon whether a queen
or queen-cell be taken with the nucleus.
If a cell, it also makes a difference
whether it be ripe, or one not so far
advanced. A cell that is so far ad-
vanced that the queen is moving about
in it, and about to proceed to cut out,
the bees will stick by it much better
than a less-developed one.

Then there is the question of the
number of very young bees. Young
will stay where old ones will not. I
try to select combs with a large num-
ber of very young bees on it, and also
take the brood that is to be with the
nucleus of that well-ripened, and many
bees hatching and about to hatch, and
then shake in about twice as many
bees as desired.

If you have a colony that has young
queens just hatching, you have one of
the very best conditions for making
nuclei ; such a colony can be divided
into from 4 to 8 if they have much
brood and bees. They seem to stay by
their hatching queen ; but care must
be taken to have them remain in the
hive until they are aware that they
have a queen. Sometimes when put
into a new (strange) hive they may
rush out before they realize that a
queen is with them. They will act
very much as a swarm that has been
hived without the queen; the knowl-
edge that a (jueen is with them goes
far to making; them contented. In this
matter full sai s alsodo much to help.

If you have more than one yard, the
making of nu lei is a very easy matter.
Suppose yo I ^: ;■ to an out-yard to work,
and can get lUC bees necessary for the

nuclei and bring them home ; if so,
here is t tie best way I have ever found :

Make some little boxes or cages as
follows: Out of ;^ inch or >8 stuff cut
2 pieces about 4x8 inches, and one
piece 4x4. About % inch from one end
of each of the 4x8 pieces make a saw-
kerf about half through the board,
using a thin-bladed saw. Nail the
4x8 pieces on the ends of the 4x4, as
though you were making a box, but
turn the saw-kerfs in and away from
the 4x4 end.

Cut 2 pieces of wire-cloth 4j>xS, and
fold over each end so they will be
about 7' . inches long ; then nail these
on the 2 open sides of the box, using
thin strips of wood over the wire in-
stead of putting them on with tacks ;
and put a piece of wood ,'4x1 inch, and

Nucleus Box or Cage.

as long as the outside measure of the
box across each end over the wire-
cloth, to stifl'en them at the open end,
nailing one flush with the ends of the
side pieces, and the other dropped
down until its upper or outer edge is
just even with the inside of the saw-
kerfs. With some small tacks, or by
putting on a cleat of tin or a strip split
from a broken section, nail the wire-
cloth snug to the inside of these 2 cross
cleats.

You now have a box 4x8 inches, with
2 wooden and 2 wire sides, a wooden
end and an open end. Cut a piece of
tin just wide enough to slip into the
saw-kerfs in the open end of the box,
and long enough so that when it is
shoved clear through snug against the
cleat on the opposite side, it will stick
out about a half inch ; then roll or
bend at right angles this extra half-

American ^ec Journajj

June 13, 1907

inch, which stiffens the tin and gives
a finger-hold.

There are other ways of making
these cages, but it will pay you to
make as directed, except you may vary
the size to suit your notion ; but do not
make it too small, for you may want
to put a good many bees in sometimes.
You can put a few bees into a big cage,
but can not put many into a little one.
Then, too, alwaysmake 2 sidesof wire,
and have these opposite, for then you
can see what you have inside, and par-
ticularly look for a queen.

Another thing, always have that tin
slide put in as directed, Jiill-width of
the cage, made so it is easier to get
bees either in or out ; they can be
scooped up or shaken out. If you have
a rim around the end of the box at the
opening, and projecting inward, you
are at a disadvantage, both going and
coming.

It is a wise thing to have some of
these cages always on hand and ready
for use. When doing regular work
occasionally you find a batch of hatch-
ing queens, and you may want to save
some of them. You may have queens
that you wish to save for various rea-
sons, possibly some specially reared.
You may be working a colony that can
very easily spare a pint or quart of
bees and not miss them ; just have the
cage by you and shove in as many bees
as you may wish to take from the col-
ony, and set the cage in the shade or
in the sun, if not too hot. In this way,
as the day's work progresses, collect
bees in the cages, taking them from
wherever it suits your notion as you
work. A swarm may be divided in
this way to populate your cages.

In a few minutes your caged bees,
queeuless and broodless, will get on
the anxious seat. If they have not
gone in with full sacs, see that they
are made full— every one of them — by
giving thin honey or sweet water — fill
them full. Now when you find a queen
you want to save, just get one of the
cages and dump the bees all to the bot-
tom, away from the tin slide; open the
slide and drop the queen in. You can
make more sure by dipping the queen
in honey ; this will fix her so she can
not run, and so by the time she is
licked dry the odor is all right. Do not
cuddle the caged bees too much ; make
them think they are in hard straights,
sure ; and if cold enough that they
want to snuggle up to each other, all
the better. This is the slickest way to
make nuclei you ever struck. Just
take these cages to another yard and
hive the contents as you would a little
swarm, or dump them right into the
hive. I think probably this is about
the best way to form nuclei in the
same yard ; they can be made any time
during the day, and hived late in the
evening, so they get settled over night
and start out in the morning to mark
their new home ; but the hive should
have a board or special marking at
the entrance.

As to how many bees to use, that de-
pends upon the time, and what you
want to accomplish. If it is just to get
a queen mated to be used elsewhere
later, a pint to a quart of bees will do
it in warm weather. And, too, if you
can put into the hive a very little patch
of brood it will help to make them con-

tented. I would recommend caging
the bees at any time during the day
when it is convenient, but hive them
just about sundown, or, at least, late
in the evening when they will not fly
before morning. I have brought home
these cages from out-yards and hived
them after dark by dumping them in
on top of the frames. I have also hived
in the morning. It is little trouble,
and will rarely fail to succeed, done at
any time, if they are gathering nectar
freely ; but if nectar is scarce, so that
they will be bothered by robber-bees,
hive only after done flying for the day.

One thing that should always be
looked after in hiving bees, whether
big or little swarms, is to make them
comfortable, and protected from heat
and from robbers And for little swarms
or bunches I prefer to give a little
brood ; a patch of drone is all right, or
even a small bit of any kind of brood
cut from a comb and grafted into one
of .their combs. In making small
nuclei always give them more or less
comb, and also some honey.

If you wish to make small nuclei
early in the summer, with a view of
their building up during the season to
full colonies, they should be given
well-nigh a quart of bees, though in
favorable seasons a pint will make a
full colony by fall. For queens to sup-
ply these always have them matured in
full or normal colonies, but they can
be mated all right in the small colony.
Never have these little colonies build
cells — they will not get one good queen
in 25.

Loveland, Colo.

Swarming and Section Honey

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

A correspondent wishes me to tell,
in the American Bee Journal, the best
plan of working for section honey and
allow natural swarming. First, I wish
to say that I doubt about natural
swarming being the best plan when
working for section honey, as I believe
that what is known as the "shook"
plan of swarming is better for section
honey than natural swarming. But it
will do no harm to tell the readers of
the American Bee Journal how I man-
aged swarming for years, which gave
me good results during my former
years of bee-keeping. For years I used
a plan which seemed to me to give the
best results of anything known during
the years when honey brought from 20
to 28 cents a pound, which was as fol-
lows :

I used every effort to bring all colo-
nies in the apiary up to where they
were in readiness for the sections about
IS days before the harvest from white
clover was at its height, and, where
this is the main dependence for .white
honey, all swarming should be finished
during the next 7 days; and where
basswood is the source that gives us
our honey-flow, swarming should be
done within 10 days before the yield
from that source commences.

At that time I did not practise arti-
ficial swarming, only so far as it was
necessary to have all swarming done
in accord with the above. All swarms
issuing previous to the 7 days before

the clover bloomed, and 10 days before
the basswood, were hived singly in
hives containing frames of empty
combs, and in 2 or 3 days from the
time of hiving the sections were put on.
Those issuing during the next 5 days
were hived 2 swarms in a hive, where
it was possible to do so, and the sec-
tions put on at ouce. Where this could
be done, the new swarm was set on the
stand occupied by another colony
which had not swarmed, and such col-
ony carried to a new stand, thus secur-
ing to the new swarm all the field-bees
from the colony moved. Each swarm
thus hived was given a hive full of
empty comb, if I had them, and if not
the frames were filled with comb foun-
dation, and the sections put on at once.

From this it will be seen that all of
the new swarms were in splendid con-
dition to take advantage of the flow of
nectar when it came. Where 2 swarms
were put together, the queen belonging
to one of the old colonies was put back
in her old hive, when the same was
moved to a new location, and the
double swarm set in its place. The old
colony losing its queen by its going
with the swarm, was allowed to rear its
own queen. Eight days after a swarm
with its queen had gone from any hive
the same was opened, and having as-
certained that a young queen had
emerged from a queen-cell, by finding
one open at the end, I cut off all the
rest, and thus stopped all second or
after swarming.

By waiting till the first queen had
emerged from her cell, I had a certain
thing, when the queen-cells were all
off, which is not always the case where
all but one queen-cell is cut off from 4
to 6 days after the prime swarm issues,
as is so often recommended in our bee-
literature.

After the time had arrived when I
thought all swarming should be done,
I proceeded as follows with all which
had not so far swarmed :

A hive was filled with frames of
empty comb or foundation, and then
placed on the stand of any colony
which had not yet swarmed, or had
been carried to a new stand as spoken
of above, the colony being set close by
after the new hive was so placed. All
the sections were then taken off and
placed on the new hive, when all of the
bees were shaken off their combs and
out of the old hive in front of the new
one, into which they would run as fast
as they were shaken down. Thus I
had a colony that was ready for busi-
ness as soon as the harvest commenced,
as they had the queen, the bees and the
partly-filled sections all in readiness
for work. Previous to this nuclei
had been formed so that I might have
plenty of laying queens to use when-
ever an occasion might require.

I now took all the combs of brood
from which the bees were shaken ex-
cept one, arranging them in the hive
the bees were shaken out of and car-
ried them to the stand of another col-
ony which had not swarmed. Next, I
took the frame of brood which was left
out and went to one of the nuclei, tak-
ing out the frame having the laying
queen on it and put the frame of brood
in its place. I then took the frame —
bees, queen and all — and set it in the

June 13, 1 907

'"^^5^?=^

507

American Vae Journal

place made vacant for it while arrang-
ing the frames of brood. Next I put
on the sections, and, having all com-
plete, the colony was moved to a new
stand and this prepared hive set in its
place. Thus I had a laying queen and
enough of her own bees to protect her,
together with a hive filled with combs
of brood and all the field-bees from the
removel colony.

In a few days this colony would be
entering the sections, and such gen-
erally made fully as good colonies for
storing section honey as any I had in
the whole apiary. The loss of bees to
the removed colony put a stop to all
ideas of swarming, and in about a
week they had so regained their loss
that they were ready to continue work
in the sections again.

It will be s.-L-n that my aim was, in
using these .-veral plans, to get all the
colonies strong,' enough to work in the
sections during the best of the harvest
to advantagi. , and still have none of
them desire to swarm right in the
height of the best How of nectar. And
I doubt if thire is a much better way
of working for section honey to-day,
where the bcc-keeper has only his one
home yard, and the time to attend to
the natural swarms which may issue
up to the time he has decided that
further swarming will result in a re-
duced yield of section honey. But
where a person is running one or more
out-apiaries, then some plan of arti-
ficial swarming must be adopted, or
lo.^s by swarming will occur.

Borodino, N. Y.

<;^>

Convention
Lprocccdings

Report of the Chlcago^Northwestern

Bee-Keepers' Association, held in

Chicago, Wednesday and

Thursday, Dec. 5

and 6, 1906

(Continued from pag'e 48) }

Foul Brood Law.

"Is there a foul brood law framed to
send to the legislature this term?"

Pres. York — I suppose that means the
Illinois legislature, or it may perhaps
mean any other State that has a meet-
ing of the legislature the coming winter.

Mr. Moore — The President of the
Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association,
Secretary and the Treasurer, are an ex-
ecutive committee who have charge of
this, and they, in conjunction with some
of their friends who are in close touch
with politicians at Springfield, get up
the foul brood law — or the bee-keepers'
law, more correctly speaking — ■ and have
it introduced by some of their friends in
both the House and the Senate. I don't
know definitely what has been done.

Pres. York — I don't think that is an
answer to the question, Mr. Moore. The
question is : Is there a foul brood law
now framed to present to the legisla-
ture?

Mr. Moore — I do not know of any-
thing being done, but I know that Mes-
srs. Smith, Stone and Becker have at-
tended to it heretofore and probably
will attend to it in the future.

Pres. York — The committee of this
Association is Mr. Dadant, Mr. Wil-
cox, and Mr. McCain.

Mr. Wilcox — No member of the com-
mittee has said anything to me about
it. I have not heard anything about it
from any other source, or done anything
about it myself, and I rather doubt the
propriety, myself, of making any ap-
plication to the Illinois legislature. I

might join with the Illinois members,
but I do not think the legislature of
one State is in the habit of listening
very much to people from other States,
unless concerning some matter in which
they are particularly interested.

A Member — You will remember, at
the last meeting, we came to the conclu-
sion that this matter better be done by
the Illinois State Association, and this
committee was appointed to work with
them.

Pres. York — I think we ought always
to remember that this organization cov-
ers a number of States, and that we
ought not to help one State more than
another represented here. Perhaps
hereafter it will not be necessary for
us to have a foul brood committee. We
decided not to join the Illinois State
as a body, and of course all of us will
not be members hereafter; but there
will be individual members that live in
Illinois. So unless this body moves
to have a committee appointed, or con-
tinues the present foul brood committee,
I suppose it will not be continued. What-
ever a majority of this Association says,
of course, will be done, because we de-
cide things by a majority vote. Now is
there anything else on the question?

Mr. Moore^I believe it is best to
take some action on the foul brood
committee. I think the committee
would better make a report and be dis-
charged. I du not think any good can
come of its further continuance. I
would advocate, however, that as indi-
viduals we write letters, every one of
us, to the in. nibers of the legislature in
favor of the law that is introduced, be-
cause it is nj doubt better to have a
half loaf tlm nothing, and the thou-
sand dollar, the_ legislature gives the
bee-keepers in this State will do them
good.

Dr. Mill' r — I believe Mr. Moore has

the right view, and, in accordance with
that view, I move that the foul brood
committe of this society be discharged,
with thanks.

The motion was seconded and car-
ried.

It was moved, seconded and carried,
that the President appoint a -committee
of three on resolutions.

Pres. York — I appoint Mr. Hutchin-
son, Mr. Abbott and Mr. Whitney as
a Committee on Resolutions, to report
tomorrow.

Foul Brood.

"If foul brood is not foul brood, then
what is it?"

Mr. Taylor — Something else. [Laugh-
ter.]

Mr. France — I imagine what conflicts
here is the fact that the Department
of Agriculture at Washington has come
against this proposition. What has been
known out here as foul brood is en-
tirely a different disease from that which
has been commonly known as black
brood in New York State, and those
two have conflicted, and the Government
has been taking this matter up and de-
cided to call both "foul brood," but to
add an adjective to it, so that what is
known through our country here large-
ly as foul brood will be called "Ameri-
can foul brood," and the so-called New
York black brood will be called "Euro-
pean foul brood." Unless this change
was made, the laws now in existence in
nearly all the States that we have upon
foul brood would have to be modified;
we have gone through with hard work
enough to get it, and to have to do it
over again would mean a good deal.
So the Department has arranged it
in that way. We have the two distinct
diseases. If any of you have not read
carefully Bulletin 79 from the Depart-
ment on "Brood-Diseases" — on both
European and American foul brood — I
have asked that it be put in this year's
Annual Report of the National, where
you will have it on file and can read it.

Mr. Moore — That is my question. If
foul brood is not foul brood, then what
is it? If I can read correctly, it says
that the Bacillus alvei is not found in
foul Jbrood, or American foul brood, to
use this nomenclature. If that is true,
what becomes of Howard and other
scientists who say that the Bacillus alvei
was the characteristic? We have not
heard from them. We have not heard
the last word. Have they all been mis-
taken? and what has become of the
American foul brood, or the old-fash-
ioned foul brood, as we know it?

Mr. France— In the demonstrations
that Dr. White, from Washington made,
there was this marked difference: Our
American foul brood would not develop
on the same cultures as the European
foul brood, showing a decided difference
between the two. The New York black
brood or European would develop nicely
upon beef as a basis, whereas our other
will die — make no attempt to live.

Mr. Moore— We have been accus-
tomed to thinking of Bacillus alvei as-
the germ of foul brood. Shall we think
of Bacillus alvei as the basis of black
brood ?

A Member — Exactly.

Mr. Moore— What takes the place in

June 13, 1907

American Hae Journal

American foul brood that was occupied
by Bacillus alvei?

Mr. 7 ra.ncer— Bacillus larvae.

Dr. Miller— I am not sure whether
I understand this thing or not. It looks
to me a little as if you were mixmg
two different questions. The first is
in regard to European and American
foul brood, and then there is another
different question in regard to Bacillus

alvei. ...

Pres. York— Bacdlus alvct is the same
as the New York black brood or Euro-
pean foul brood— all the same thing.

Dr. Miller — It seems to me I under-
stand that it was decided that Bacillus
alvei was an entirely innocent party,
and had nothing to do with either of
them. , ,

Pres. York— I think that is wrong.

Dr. Miller— 5oci'Hi(.f alvei is the Euro-
pean foul brood?

Mr. France— Yes.

Pres. York— And Bacillus larvae is
the American foul brood.

Mr Moore— I want to press this
right home. If in the past all of these
scientists have been mistaken, who have
held up Bacillus alvei as being the germ
of foul brood, and we believed theni,
and then somebody comes along and
says we are mistaken, is our authority
.rood enough to make us throw away
all we had in the past and say Bacillus
alvei is not in it at all?

Mr. Taylor— I think there is no doubt
that they are right as far as they have
gone The trouble with Howard and
those other fellows is that they relied
on a single test— I suppose on a micro-
scopic test— and I judge that the two
Bacilli are alike in appearance; but now
these men at the head of our mterests
in the Government have applied a new
test They have appUed the test of dif-
ferent kinds of culture to these microbes,
and they find that the beef culture will
enable the Bacillus alvei to propagate
and to increase, while if used with the
other Bacilli they perish, showing con-
clusively by this new test that they are
two different Bacilli.

Mr. Kimmey— If I understood what
Dr. White and Dr. Phillips were try-
ing to explain to us at the Bee-Inspec-
tors' convention at San Antonio, it was
something like this; The European foul
brood was examined and they believed
that the cause of the disease was the
Bacillus alvei, and traced it to that.
When we got a disease, without making
any examination we called that "foul
brood." Then another disease sprang
up which wt called "black brood." Up-
on making the scientific investigations
which these men directed, they failed to
find Bacillus alvei in our foul brood,
but they did find it in black brood, so
they came to the conclusion that what
we 'had always called black brood was
really the European foul brood. In
order not to confuse the names, they
then decided to call our foul brood
"American foul brood," and the black
brood "European foul brood"— the one
having the germ Bacillus alvei, the
European foul brood ; and the American
foul brood having the Bacillus larvae.
In order not to rob the European people
of their honor of discovering that, they
called that the European foul brood

which was formerly our black brood,
making two distinct diseases.

Pres. York — Our foul brood they call
"American foul brood," but the Euro-
pean foul brood happens to be the same
as the black brood they have in New
York and a number of other States.

Mt. Kimmey — So we will drop the
name "black brood" entirely.

Mr. France — I got quite interested in
this subject the past summer, and 1
asked Dr. Phillips upon his return from
California to come to my place. 1
wanted to investigate this subject of
black brood or European foul brood,
as I understood it was approaching. I
was attending a meeting of some of
the inspectors at Milwaukee, and de-
cided to take a train and go to Michigan,
where we could find the European foul
brood. We had no microscope, but
from the appearance of the brood itself
— the dead larvae — it looked decidedly
different, so that the naked eye could
tell, after once seen, the difference. With
the black brood, if there are larvre at
an earlier stage they turn dark, almost
black, and flatten right down on the
bottom of the cells, whereas the Ameri-
can foul brood becomes a brown, ropy,
putrid matter, and lies upon the side of
the cell, and becomes stringy in its na-
ture. The European never does that.
As for the odor, there was a marked
difference again. Our common foul
brood has what we call a glue-pot smell,
the other had not; not much of any
odor, but what there was, as near as
I can remember, was more like sour
pomace from a cider-mill.

Mr. Kimmey — Allow me to ask Mr.
France these questions : Is the Ameri-
can foul brood prevalent in Europe? Do
they have the two diseases there?

Mr. France — They have them bof.*?

Mr. Kimmey — What do they call them
there, do you know?

Mt. France — As far as I know they
call them foul brood. That is why there
has been this trouble. We found, by
referring to scientific researches in
Europe, that they had made scientific
cultures of them, and examined them,
and got conflicting results, examining
one and then another, and were misled
by the name.

Dr. Miller — If you will allow me to
answer Mr. Kimmey's question, I think
they distinguish them as the mild an^
severe.

Mr. Thompson — I would like to ask
if the treatment of both is the same.

Mr. France — Not exactly, although
the thorough treatment as has been de-
scribed, taking away the infected combs,
will cure either one.

Dr. Bohrer — Speaking about the odor
of the foul brood as we find it in this
country, it has been compared to the
smell of dissolved glue. I want to say,
from my experience, it is that way, only
more so.

Inspecting Apiaries in Cook County.

"Was there a foul brood inspector
around this summer to inspect the apiar-
ies of Cook County?"

Mr. Moore — I believe there was not.
I acted as foul brood inspector for
only one season, and I think Pres.
Smith, of the Illinois State Association,
is the only one who has acted as in-

spector of apiaries since then; and Mr.
Smith has had the work of eight men
on his hands to cover this State, so
naturally, he could not cover it all. As
far as I know, he has not been in Cook
County at all.

Mr. Thompson — He was in Kane
County.

Pres. York — He generally goes when
he is sent for.

Mr. France — There have been sent
to me samples of diseased brood and
dead brood from almost every State, and
there have been some samples from
Cook County sent me and some sharp
criticisms because I did not say it was
foul brood ; but it was not.

Pres. York — -What was it — pickled
brood?

Mr. France — Some of it was. Some
was starved brood, and some had in-
dications foreign to all of us as yet.

Mr. Moore — Was there any black
brood, Mr. France?

Mr. France — No, sir ; but I was sur-
prised to learn from Dr. Phillips that
he had found cases of black brood in
Illinois, Ohio, Michigan and California.
European black brood is spreading.

Pres. York — And of course in the
East, besides?

Mr. France — Yes.

Dr. Bohrer — Has Illinois no foul
brood law at all?

Pres York — It has a foul brood law,
but not a compulsory law. It is at the
option of the bee-keepers whether they
will let the inspectors in their apiaries
or not.

Distance of Apiary from Highway.

"How far should an apiary be from
the highway?"

Mr. Meredith — Just far enough not
to interfere with the public.

Mr. Taylor — That reminds me of a
story. There was a gentleman in Eng-
land who desired to hire a coachman,
and so he advertised for one. He
wished any candidates there might be to
appear at a certain time. Several ap-
peared and he began to question them,
and wanted to know how near they
could drive to the edge of a cliff there
was upon his estate. The first one said
he could drive within a yard of it; an-
other one said he thought he could
drive within a foot of it safely; and
the next one thought he could drive
within an inch of the edge. The last
man, an Irishman, said, "Faith and be
jabers, I would keep as far away from
it as I could."

Dr. Bohrer — There should be a high
fence, 6 or 7 feet. I remember having
an apiary of about loo colonies in In-
diana, and I had them just over a fence
from a public highway and the bees
never annoyed people passing on the
road, with a fence some 6% feet high.
They would go over that fence and go
over the heads of persons in buggies
and on horseback ; I never knew any
one molested.

Mr. Arnd— Mr. Duff, who is here,
has ISO colonies right in the city of
Chicago. He can probably tell you.

Mr. Duff — I can keep bees within about
10 feet of the street ; but I have a 6-
foot fence so the bees rise up and go
right over.

June 13, 1907

509

A Memljcr— My bees arc within 50
feet of the siclewali< and I have no com-
plaints. I have only 3 colonies, but I
notice tlicy rise very qiiicUly. They are
up 10 or 15 feet in the air in 20 feet
of flight. Tlie sidevvall< is running north
and south, and my hives face the east,
but the bees go to a marsh straight west
from me, and simply make a little curve.

Mr. Moore — I know Mr. Horstmann
so well, and I know he won't take any
offense when I say he has had some ex-
perience. The Plealth Department or-
dered him to "get off the earth."

Mr. Horstmann — The bees that the
city got after were not at my home
apiary; they were in .another apiary.
They had a little trouble with the family
there. I had my bees on a man's lot,
and it seems this man and his neighbor
had a little trouble, and the only way
they could get satisfaction was to get
after the bees,so I got notice from the
Health Department to move the bees out
of there ; but I had that all fixed up,
and left the bees there until I got ready
to put them away. I wrote to Mr.
Moore, and I believe I wrote to Mr.
France at that time, too, for some litera-
ture. I thought I might have to bluff
the city, but I didn't have to do that.
I had a friend look after it, and we left
the bees there until I got ready to put
them away. The bees are not dangerous.
Where I live I have bees on the corner,
and people passing on the sidewalk every
day, and they are never molested. The
women-folks hang up their clothes and
the children play all around the hives,
and they hardly ever get stung. It is
not so much the distance as it is the
kind of bees you have. If I find a cross
colony of bees I do away with that queen
and get a more gentle strain of bees. I
admit that among the bees I had at my
out-apiary were some pretty cross ones,
and, of course, not being on the place,
I did not know where the cross bees
came from ; but at home I can tell, and
pick them out. I think everybody should
look after the bees, and then there will
be no trouble.

Mr. Taylor — I ■ think we can not be
too careful with our bees in this respect.
It is not altogether safe to rely upon
a high fence. Bees do not always sting
intentionally, often unintentionally. I
know of one instance. I had started to
go down town, and I had some bees
some distance back from the highway.
The bees flew across the highway to a
pasture beyond. I suppose they went
high enough when they went away, but
when they came back heavily laden it
was quite different; and as I was driv-
ing down a bee came and touched me on
the eye, and of course eyes have a habit
of winking in such cases, and the bee
stung me. Now it is easily imaginable
great damage might be done just from
stings received in that way. Bees might
get into a horse's mane, or about his
eyes, and cause a runaway. You can
not be too careful. There is no need
of playing with bees and putting them
as near the road as we can. W- better
be like the Irishman and eet them as
far away as possible.

Mr. Thompson — I had about 75 colo-
nies behind a fence right near the street,
as Mr. Duff speaks of, and I want to

American Bgc Journal]

ask him if he ever experienced a nerv-
ous feeling when he heard a child cry
when he was not right on the ground?

Mr. Duff — I never heard them cry.

Mr. Moore — Mr. Pease has had
charge of an apiary opposite a public
school in Ravcnswood, and I have heara
people say tli.it their families are being
stung to death by those bees!

Mr. Pease — I have had charge of 100
colonies of bees, and about 85 feet across
the street is the school. When I first
located the apiary at this place I had
some little (lilficulty, not so much with
individuals as with an organization that
had the idea that we were to establish
a manufacturing plant at that point, and
they did not propose to take any
chances. A committee was appointed
and waited on me, and I was notified to
cease erecting a fence and apiary house
which was bemg constructed; that I was
going to needless expense, and that it
would only have to be torn down, I
disregarded that and went on with my
work, and after the first week or 10 days
the school children seemed to get ac-
customed to the bees. Nobody was stung
that I knew about at that time, but a
gentleman who lived some 2 blocks
away had been very greatly annoyed
with them, and he complained to the
Department of Health. An officer came
out. I showed him through the apiary,
answered all the questions he asked, and
possibly volunteered some information
for his benefit. He said, "I will have
to send in a report, but it will be one
that won't hurt you."

Mr. Moore — Did he have a veil on
in this inspection?

Mr. Pease — No, sir; he did not. He
went through the yard with me, neither
of us with a veil. I opened several
hives for him. I heard nothing more
from that source, and the only serious
case of stinging that I heard anything
about was from a little girl who was
stung through the sole of her shoe !
[Laughter.]

Mr. France — I see in looking over the
work of the National for the year just
closing that there are 18 different places
where bees in cities have been attempt-
ed to be declared a nuisance and ordered
removed, and 2 which were ordered
removed. Now there is a cause for all
this. One team was stung to death
quite a distance away. The road was
225 feet from where 150 colonies were.
The man that operated the bees had
extracted them, and they were unusual-
ly cross. It was out of the honey-flow
season and they had become so cross
that he was compelled to put protection
on his hands as well as his face to fin-
ish the work of the day. There was an
irrigating ditch by the side of this road;
the banks began to give way, and men
were sent out to repair the ditch. They
had to leave on account of the cross
bees. The consequence was the water
broke the banks, ran over the land, and
the laws of the State make the irrigat-
ing compan\- liable for all damages of
the water when it is out of its channel.
The next morning a team loaded with
grain, passing this road, was met by a
quantity of cross bees about 300 feet
away. B> the time they reached where
the watei- run across the highwaj', mak-

ing a mudhole, there were a good many
bees on hand, and the team was unable
■to pull the load out of the mud; before
they could get them away Ijoth horses
were stung to death. The man was
compelled to get into the mud and be-
smear himself over, to save his own life.
The team cost $225 and the harness $25,
and the case came up. Should they
carry it into the court or settle it? I
am a compromise man — believe in set-
tling every time and keeping out of the
courts; the further you carry it the
worse it becomes, as a rule, and I ad-
vised them, by all means, to settle in
some way. I got a letter last night that
upon receipt of my letter he had taken
it over, at my request, to the party losing
the team, and had read him the letter,
and rather than go into court, he had
agreed upon a compromise settlement of
$195. There is also a counsel fee of
$2.50, making $197.50 as a settlement.
Now he wants the National to pay the
whole bill. We have a great many so-
called city bee-keepers that are keeping
bees. A few colonies will bother no one,
but when you come to develop that into
a good-sized bee-yard it is a different
condition of affairs, and I have had some
pretty trying times to get excuses and
help some of our members when the
bees — although there might be a high
board fence — made trouble. The indi-
vidual lay of the ground at each place
cuts a great figure. There may be a
high board fence, and if the lay of the
land is such on beyond that the bees
drop over the fence, and soon get to
the ground again, the fence is of little
protection. I think it is a case for each
individual bee-keeper, if he learns the
bees are making an annoyance, to make
amends at once to those who have
grievances. Let us exchange our posi-
tion with the one who has the griev-
ance, and would we like to have the
bees spoiling the clothes in the spring,
and so on, as they do in the cities?
Would we like to be compelled to hitch
up our teams early in the morning and
shy around because a neighbor has bees?
I stopped at a hotel not long ago, where
the landlady said, "I would gladly give
you your board if you would tell my
neighbor how to keep the bees out of
the pump." I said, "That is easy enough.
A piece of elipeseclotli will Weep the bees
from going in, and it will strain the
water and make it cleaner."

Mr. Moore — I want to say that car-
bolic acid smeared around the edges of
troughs where bees congregate is very
disgusting to them, and has been used
to good effect.

Mr. Kimmej' — I tried it and it did not
work.

Mr. Moore — Probably you did not
have it strong enough ; 95 percent solu-
tion'— what they call pure?

Mr. Kimmey — Yes. I got over the
difficulty by putting a barrel of salt in
their place. We laugh, of course, at
stories of stinging through the shoe and
all that, and wondered on second
thought whether that really occurred
or not, whether anybody was so foolish
as to make the complaint. But, after all,
it seems to me no one should put
colonies of bees 85 feet from a school
and expect to keep out of trouble. I

June 13, 1907

American ^ae Journal

know, as this gentleman says, there are
times of season when you can go into
your bee-j'ard, and have children play
around the bees, and everything is love-
ly; but I also know, as far as my ex-
perience goes, that I never have seen an
apiary of 12 or 15 colonies but what a
child at some time of year was stung
and went about 3'elling, "I hurt myself
on a bee!" and the mother ran with
arnica, and there was trouble. I
shouldn't want to set myself down with
100 colonies of bees within 80 feet of
a school-house or a highway. It seems
to me, as bee-keepers, we ought to be
more careful, and put ourselves in the
place of the other fellow, and see if
we would like to be treated that way.
Where I have my bees, although I am
at least 100 feet from anybody, sur-
rounded by a green-house on one side
and a grove on the other, and at least
150 feet from the street, yet I am in
fear every day that I may have some
trouble. A year ago last spring, when
I put my bees out, a neighbor said,
"Mrs. Turner has had trouble with her
water. Her clothes are turned and she
thinks it is iron rust." I walked over,
and I said, "Mrs. Turner, I know what
is the matter with your clothes." She
said, "I wish you would tell me." I
said, "I put my bees out. If you will
take those clothes and put them in water
and wait until tomorrow to hang them
out, and send me the bill, I shall be
glad to pay the bill." "O, that is it?"
"Yes," I said "that is it." "O, it is
nothing at all. It only makes me a lit-
tle trouble, and perhaps they will be
the better for a second rinsing, any
way." I only say this because I do not
wish you to think that I acquiesce that
you can set bees down near a school-
house or where people hang their wash-
irig out. I think if you have 150 colo-
nies in the city you would better move
into the country.

Mr. Moore— I was brought up in
Evanston with bees. In the eyes of bee-
keepers it is a kind of joke for any-
body to get stung. At our house we
have two boys, and I take a frame out
and say to the boys, "Look here. Run
for your Hfe!" They get stung 3 or
4 times a week and they take it as a
joke. I was out at my brother's the
past summer, and he and I went in and
took the honey out and we got stung
10 or IS times around our ankles. We
did not mind it because it did not af-
fect our blood at all. It did not poison
us. But I want to tell you I have in-
spected bees around Chicago a good
deal. The public think they are like
snakes; they are deadly afraid of them;
and although it is a joke with us it is
serious to those folks. I want to bear
down hard on this: A pound of honey
will smooth over a whole lot of bee-
stings, and whenever anybody complains,
you want to do the right thing, and do
it quick. Then you won't get unpopular
in the cities. Otherwise you will, and
they will put you out of the cities if
they get after you really in earnest.
You may say you have the Supreme
Court of Arkansas, and all that, to
show that you can not put bees out of
the cities, but I say they will put you
out quick if they set their minds on it.

Give them a pound of honey; keep

them good-natured. Use your judg-
ment. Some places you must be 80 rods
away from the highway. Other places
you can have them close to the high-
way. Have their flight the other way.
Some bee-keepers are fooUsh enough to
have their flight towards the road.

Dr. Miller — One point Mr. France
made, I am afraid possibly might be
misunderstood, and might be misused.
.\s I remember, he said with a few
colonies it is one thing, but with many
colonies it is a different matter. Some one
might take from that, that as long as he
had one, two or a half-dozen he might
put the bees up close. I remember one
year my bees seemed to be very cross-
stung a great deal. A very close watch
discovered to me that it was one par-
ticular colony in the apiary, and only
that one, and of course Mr. France
knows that as well as I do. When I
changed the queen of that colony the
cross bees disappeared in a little while.
Suppose I had only had one colony
and it had happened to be that cross
one, I would have been as bad off with
one colony as with a hundred. So don't
count too much on it that you are safe
because you have only a small number.

Mr. Pease — I wish to answer one
question of Mr. Kimmey's in regard to
the apiary I spoke of a few minutes ago
being across the street from a school-
house. That particular yard is not run
for comb honey. It is run for the pro-
duction of bees, the colonies being, you
might say, weak. I do not suppose there
are over a half-dozen colonies contain-
ing the full number of frames (8) in
the whole yard. Another thing, I do
not tolerate a cross colony. I simply
pull off the head of the queen, and re-
queen, and I find that eliminates the
trouble. I find also, or I verily believe,
that 100 colonies of bees can be taken
care of in a manner which will be a
far less nuisance to a locality than under
some conditions a half-dozen colonies
improperly treated. In regard to the
school, and in regard to the present
locality, the very best friends I have in
that neighborhood are the scholars and
the teachers, and there are no com-
plaints, and have not been, from the im-
mediate neighbors, who, I might say,
are a half a block away.

I have trouble sometimes by bees
being made cross by boys. Boys like
to shy stones at the bees, and very often
that makes them very ugly, and I think
you have an ugly colony of bees when
stones have been thrown at the hive,
just as they would throw at bumble-
bees' or hornets' nests — just throw quick
and then run.

Mr. Thompson — I would like to ask
Dr. Miller how he is able to locate a
cross swarm in a yard of 150, for in-
stance.

Dr. Miller — I never had 150 in one
yard, but I owned one yard of 123.
When I go along and come close in front
of a particular hive and 15 or 20 bees
come out full blast at me, I think they
are cross with me; and when I find
that the same thing occurs every time I
go by that hive for a week or two, I
settle down that that is the one, and
that queen suffers.

Mr. Kimmey — I bought S nuclei and

I put them in the yard. They were the
first I had, I think, and the next day
I went to examine them. You don't
know how proud I was to handle them
without smoke or bee-veil. The next
day I undertook to show some one how
nicely I could take them out without
the bee-veil or smoke. I didn't take
them out. I went and got the smoke
and bee-veil. That has been my ex-
perience ever since. Sometimes I can
do anything; sometimes they can do
anything. I have been thinking of your
having bees in a small lot where youi
neighbors are around. Don't your bees
ever act like that, especially in the fall
of the year? Don't they get ugly as
mine do, so that it is not safe to go
within 40 or 50 feet without danger of
being stung? I am like Mr. Moore.
I don't mind a couple of thousand
stings. I would not like to be stung to
death, of course. But I have a son-in-
law who was stung once, and he says
he would not keep the blamed things
around. I imagine there are lots of
other men, and lots of women and child-
ren who feel that same way. I do not
know but what you can rear bees for
breeding purposes ; never let them get
strong; keep them always weak; and
not have them sting. I do not know
but what you can, but I should awfully
hate to try it, and I don't want to back
anybody else up. My voice is for being
careful, and, if you have trouble, put
yourself in the other fellow's place.

Mr. Taylor — I just want to make one
suggestion, and that is this : I think
that we ought, just as soon as we pos-
sibly can, to learn to know when we can
handle bees with inpunity. A bee-keep-
er after he has had considerable ex-
perience will learn, as Mr. Kimmey has
done, that he can at one time handle his
bees with no appearance of anger on
their part, and at another time they are
full of vengeance. One can learn with
a little thought and care just what to
do in his apiary, and to get along with-
out ever angering them. I have not for
years had any trouble in my apiary in
any way. Of course, it would be a lit-
tle more difficult, perhaps, if I were pro-
ducing extracted honey, but with comb
honey there is no necessity at all of
stirring up your bees. If you only use
good common judgment in handling
them, and the time when to do it, there
is no necessity to do it.

Mr. Kimmey — I was talking of my
early experiences. I think I have now
learned those things. I think on open-
ing a hive I can tell whether they are
going to fight or not. I know I can
tell by the smell when they begin. But
while I may know, how are the neigh-
bors and the children to know?

Dr. Miller — There is another point.
Suppose I know enough to know ex-
actly how the bees are going to act, by
they way they behave, by the odor or
something like that. Suppose I go off
S miles to do some work? The only
thing is to have the bees off where they
won't bother anybody. City bee-keep-
ing is one thing, and country another.
If I were in the city with the bees I
have now I would not keep them except
in the center of the block, and I would
have blocks consolidated into one. One

June 13, 1907

Sll

point should be emphasized for the city
bee-kecpcr : Gentleness of character is
of first importance ; if they will gather
only half as much honey, to have bees
that are gentle. If we arc away off in
the country it doesn't matter so much.
Mr. WlK'cler — I would like to make
one other point ; that is, a good smoker.
It is worth more than all your breed of
bees. Do not fool around with a cheap
smoker which many people get. They
buy a smoker that costs very little —
a quarter, or something of that kind.
It will go out and bother them. They
would better spend a little money for a
good smoker, and go at the bees and
frighten them well, and they won't
sting.

Women as Bee-Keepees.

"Would you advise a woman to keep
bees? Would she be equal to it?"

Mr. Taylor — It would depend upon
the woman.

Pres. York — I think perhaps Miss
Wilson can answer that.

Miss Wilson — That would be my an
swer. It would depend upon the woman.

Mr. Wilcox — It might be proper to
say that because she is a woman is no
reason why she should not keep bees.
If she has the strength and the inclina-
tion, she can keep them just as well
as a man.

Mr. Whitney — I have had a little ex-
perience in giving women some instruc-
tions in handling bees. There are quite
a number in Lake Geneva and they are
quite successful. They have no trouble
in handling them at all, and I think they
are more gentle in handling bees than
men are. Although they may be of a
nervous temper they handle the bees
very carefully, without any trouble at all.
We know from what we read in our
journals that there are very successful
bee-keepers among women all over the
country.

Mr. Abbott — I think there is no rea-
son why she would not do anything
because she is a woman, if she knows
how, and wants to. She can keep bees
or run a farm, or a livery stable, or
a barber shop, or anything she wants
to. Some women could not keep bees at
all. I don't think my wife could keep
them long. If she had a colony she
might keep it a good while, because
she would not go near it. I do not think
there is money enough to hire her to
examine a colony of bees. She is timid
about it, though she will run my busi-
ness when I am gone, look after s or
6 head of stock, and do anything else,
though she can't keep bees. A woman
like that would better let them alone.
But it seems to me it is an industry
peculiarly adapted to women who want
to pick up a few dollars for spending
money to use as they will. There are
only a few husbands who seem to think
women need any money except what
they dole out to them. But on the
farm, if some girl in her teens takes up
the study of bee-keeping and studies
it with great patience, she can soon
have an income coming in and be in-
dependent of her father and her folks.
It is quite easily done, especially on a
farm. Of course it can be done in the
city if you have room enough. I know
a number of girls who get all the spend-

AmericaD liee Journal

ing money they want. I know one lady
— a widow, will) for years had just 12
colonics. She would let her bees swarm,
and then she would double them back
and in the spring she always had 12
colonies. She has been getting all her
spending money for all these years;
bought her own clothes, and had what-
ever she wanted and was independent;
notwithstanding she inherited a good
deal from her mother, she didn't have
to ask her brothers for anything; made
it all out of the bees and a little poultry.
I know a number of such ladies, and I
don't know any reason why more should
not do it.

A Member — I think a lady bee-keep-
er is just as good as a man. I know
a lady whose husband was a cripple,
who made $150 a year, and it was quite
handy to her. I think she handles then
better than I do.

Mr. Taylor — An old gentleman used
to come to my place and get pointers
on bee - keeping. He complained that
his eyesight began to fail him, and it
was hard to deal with his bees, look
them over, find queens, and so on. One
day I came there and he said, "I have
been getting married. My eyesight was
so poor that I thought that I would get
some one to find queens for me; but she
can't find them any better than I can."
Pres. York — I think we ought to hear
from Mrs. Meredith before Mr. Mere-
dith on this question.

Mr. Meredith — She probably can give
you some information. She had 100
colonies the past summer.

Mrs. Meredith — I am not much of a
speaker in public. I can tell you that
I like handling the bees very much, and
I think I could do it quite successfully.
Pres. York — Miss Meredith, I think,
looks as if she wanted to be independ-
ent., as Mr. Abbott was saying.

Miss Meredith — I haven't any bees,
though! [Laughter.]

Dr. Bohrer — My observation is that
the ladies are a good deal like men. If
they are adapted to the business, and
have a taste for it, they become just
as expert as men. I used to be a bee-
keeper in Indiana and had quite a cor-
respondence with both ladies and gen-
tlemen who kept bees. I found the wo-
men eminently successful. They couple
them with poultry, perhaps, or some one
who took in sewing or washing owned a
house and an acre or two of ground
kept a few colonies of bees, and the
bees coupled with poultry and other
labor, made an excellent living, a very
nice little income, and there are #ious-
ands of ladies that I am satisfied if they
were encouraged to take hold of the
industry would be successful. Francis
Ruber's wife was his principal helper
in his discoveries. I have some daugh-
ters that are mnrried now, not at home;
they do not keep bees at all. But 1
have one that does a whole lot harder
work. Her husband is not a strong
man. She will order him to stay at the
house and do something in the shade,
and she will yo out and drive a 4-horse
plow, and d«) ihat and help him raise
40(10 or 3000 bushels of wheat in n ft
year. I think with proper surroundings
she would r ike to bee-keeping. As a
child she r -.M pick out the queens as

quickly as I could; help carry the frames
from the extractor and back again;
and could have been a manager of an
apiary if it had been necessary and a
duty that fell to her. I believe it to
be the duty of every bee-keeper through-
out the country to encourage the ladies
in every way to engage in the business.
Not to buy up a large number of colo-
nies to begin with, but take one colony,
study their habits carefully, read a bee-
paper and some of the standard works
on bee-keeping. Women are just as apt
at taking up information of that kind as
men arc, and there is no reason why
hundreds and thousands of women that
have not a fair income could not add
materially to the little income that they
have in engaging in this industry. I am
sometimes asked by ladies, "Can I en-
gage in bee-keeping and make a living
out of it?" My reply would be, "It
depends upon circumstances. If you
study the habits of the bee, their stings
are not poisonous to you, you keep
enough of them— many farmers I think
would furnish the ground and allow you
to keep a good many colonies of bees
there — I -think you could not only make
a living out of it but make money be-
sides." A great many people can not
engage in the industry of bee-keeping,
and cannot make money out of it, but
almost every farmer through the country
can if he will ; but they won't do it. They
have no taste for it. Thej' do not like
bees, do not like their stings— they are
susceptible to the influence of their poi-
son; that class of people I advise to let
it alone, both men and women. But
there are many who can learn it; the
stings do not hurt them, and a good
many of them can make money out of
if it they will keep bees enough. Al-
most any farmer whom bee-stings do not
poison can keep a few colonies and
produce all the honey he needs at home.

Defending Against Troublesome
Neighbors.

"Should this Association defend_ its
members against troublesome neigh-
bors?"

Mr. Wilcox— I should say absolutely
no, under any circumstances.

Pres. York— I might say that there
are no funds to do it with, any way;
and every bee-keeper ought to become a
member of the National. That is part
of its business.

Mr. Horstmann— I asked that ques-
tion. This question has been pretty
well discussed this afternoon, not ex-
actlv talking on that question, but we
have been talking on those lines. I say
this Association should defend the mem-
bers. If the Association does not want
to defend its members against trouble-
some neighbors, I say what good is
the Association? What is the use in be-
longing to it, if the Association is not
going to be of some benefit to you? I
think that in a case similar to the one
that I spoke of here this afternoon, it
should be investigated by the executive
committee of this Association, and if
they find, after investigation, that the
bee-keeper is at fault he should have
no defense ; and if they find that the
neighbors have been quarreling, and
they are only making trouble for the

512

June 13, 1907

bee-keeper for a little satisfaction, then
I say the Association should defend
that member.

Mr. Wilcox — I want to say that we
have another association — the National
— and that is a part of its work, a lead-
ing portion of its business — and he
should apply to that, and this Associa-
tion, as an association, should not med-
dle with that work at all. If we at-
tempted it we should have to levy a
tax upon every member sufficient to pro-
vide an income for that purpose. It
would be quite a tax.

Mr. Horstmann — Most of the mem-
bers of this Association are citizens of
Chicago, and I say that we should
stick together. If we could put it on
the National Association, all right; but
what is the use of our having an As-
sociation unless we can be of some use
to each other? I say there is no use of
it. It is all well enough to come down
here and have these talks on different
questions. We, of course, are benefited
by them. Some are benefited more than
others. But we should defend our
members in cases of the kind I have
spoken of here, I think.

Pres. York — I would like to ask Mr.
Horstmann what he means by defend-
ing them, if we have no money in the
treasury to do it with?

Mr. Horstmann — I did not ask the
Association to defend me. I fixed the
thing all up; or I didn't myself, but had
a good friend that did it. The city would
have "fired" my bees off there if it had
not been for a good friend.

Dr. Bohrer — If I may give a little
experience I had about 35 years ago, I
settled it very quickly. A man near me
had grape-vines. The juice was run-
ning out of the grapes and my bees were
around there. He said I must remove
my bees ; they were destroying his
grapes, puncturing them and taking the
juice. I said, "I think you are mistaken.
Bees can not possibly do that. Their
jaws are not so constructed that they
can cut the skin of a grape." He said,
"They are doing it." I said, "Have you
seen an individual bee do anything of
that kind?" "Why," he said, "there are
hundreds of them doing it all through
my vineyard. You have got to take
them away." I said, "If you can demon-
strate that they are actually injuring
your grapes, it will be right for me to
take them away, but unless you can es-
tablish that fact I will not take my bees
away. I have got the affidavit of Mr.
Quinby." I sent all the way to New
York for it. "I will get Mr. Langstroth
and have him testify in court that not
a man of you knows what you are talk-
ing about ; that it is utterly impossible
for a bee to puncture the skin of a
grape." Then he consulted an attorney,
who called on me in my office, and 1
showed him the bee through a micro-
scope that magnified about 100 diamet-
ers. I said, " Look at it, and if you
think it will puncture a grape I will
remove my bees." He was a reasonable
man. You will find some reasonable
men who are attorneys! He said,
"Bohrer's statement is true. Your
grapes are bursting or being punctured
from some other cause. The bees are
carrying off the juice." And the mat-
ter dropped.

Mr. Wheeler — The drift of the con-
vention sounds to me as if we were not
members of the National any longer.
Is that the fact?

Pres. York — We are members of the
National because we joined in a body,
and if we get into trouble we can call
on the National to help us out.

Mr. Moore — Mr. France, in this con-
nection, will you say how much the Na-
tional Association has spent?

Mr. France — In the ordinance line
from $200 to $300, one year $400. As
a rule, with these ordinance difficulties
the bees are not at the bottom of the
trouble, but that the neighbors to the
bees get in trouble, and complaints and
grievances arise, and finally the bees are
complained about and an ordinance
passed declaring them a nuisance and
ordering their removal. That is about
the way those things are led up to.
There are many cities in the United
States enforcing such an ordinance, and
you can not keep bees in those cities,
but we haven't it here. As I say, most
of these things come from some per-
sonal grievance. I recall where two
neighbors got to quarreling in that way.
The bee-keeper killed the neighbor's
chickens, and then he turned around and
killed the bee-keeper's cat, and it was
back and forth, and a swarm of bees
came out and clustered on the neighbor's
land on a shade tree, and before they
had time to get them out this neighbor
took a torch and burned them on the
tree. After a while they asked the city
to declare those bees a nuisance.

Mr. Wilcox — There is one thing we
all ought to understand — perhaps we do
— the National Association was not
originally intended to defend everybody
that was threatened. It was intended
only to protect tliose where it should
involve something of general interest to
all bee-keepers or to the bee-keeping
industry, as in the case of Mr. Freeborn,
the first case that ever arose, where the
question was as to whether the clover
was damaged by having the nectar ex-
tracted by the bees. That is a ques-
tion that affects the industry generally.
I have had complaints made that buck-
wheat was injured in its yielding by the
bees depriving it of its nectar. If a
lawsuit were brought to collect damages
for nectar taken from buckwheat you
can see at once that almost every bee-
keep in the United States would
be willing ' to contribute, because they
are all interested ; but where it is a
personal quarrel they ought not. If
the National Association goes farther
than'its rules require, as it may some-
times, it will 'be in a case of that char-
acter, where the general welfare of the
bee-keepers demands it, not where it is
was a personal quarrel.

On motion, an adjournment was tak-
en until 7 p. ni.

First Day — Evening Session.

For about a half hour before the
opening of the session a quartette com-
posed of Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe M.
Stryker, Miss Ruby W. Stryker and
Pres. York, accompanied on the piano
by Miss Kathryn Kletzing, entertained
the audience with bee-songs. Dr. Miller
sang also.

Ckoss Bees.

"How far from their hives are cross
bees likely to volunteer an attack?"

Mr. Wilcox — If you change that word
"likely" 'o 'liable," I will say 20 rods.

Dr. Miller — I think it is a variable
point. It depends a great deal upon
the bees, if I understand the question
it is, How far from the hives will the
bees volunteer an attack? You may go
to a hive and the bees will run after
you a great deal farther away from the
hive than that point where they would
volunteer an attack, supposing they are
coming towards the hives ; but I under-
stand the question is how far you are
safe from a volunteer attack. If you
had asked me 20 years ago I would
have said that 2 rods away you would
be quite safe. If you had asked me last
year I would have told you 20 or 25
rods, and I don't know how much
farther the thing is going. Really, that
is my question, and I am asking for in-
formation. I want to know how much
that thing will increase.

Mr. Taylor — An old bee-keeper was
telling me what an experience he had in
the neighborhood of Lapeer, Mich. He
had been hunting bees, and he finally
found a colony in a hollow elm stand-
ing among other trees, and he cut down
the tree, intending, of course, to have
it fall free from the other trees and
gently; but, as luck would have it, it
fell with a crash and struck against an-
other tree and splintered it all to pieces,
scattering it all over. He said the road
was about half a mile off, but you could
not go past on that highway without
the bees getting after you.

Mr. Duby — I think it depends a great
deal upon how you attend to them. The
more rough you are with those cross
bees, the more cross they are. I be-
lieve it is the method of attending to
them ; the more gentle we are with cross
bees, the more gentle they will be.

Dr. Bohrer — M\' experience is thai
something depends upon the kind of bees
you have.

Mr. Wilcox — Cross bees, the question
calls for.

Dr. Bohrer — Some bees are crosser
than others, so it depends upon the
kind of bees, at last, that you have. If
you have the pure Cyprian bee I think it
will come for you in defense as far as
it can see you in making the attack. I
had a colony of them, but I got rid of
it as soon as possible. If you have
that kind of bees you may look out.
They are on the war-path. When I
opened a hive of those Cyprians I had
trouble. I could not do with smoke or
anything else ; nothing short of killing
them outright would answer the purpose.
Then I took their queen away and gave
them another queen, and as they died
out, naturally I got rid of them. But
the ordinary Italian bee or the black bee,
or the hybrid, I have never known to
attack horses. I have my farm horses
passing up and_ down the lane within
possibly 20 feet of where the bees are.
Bees are flying on both sides, but they
can not see the horses from the hives,
and they do not attack them.

Keeping Ducks in a Bee- Yard.
"Is it safe to keep ducks in the bee-
yard?"

June l3, 1907

513

Americaii liee Journal

The Members — Yes.

Mr. Todd — Safe for which, the ducks
or the bees?

Mr. Abbott — I do not think it is.
My neighbors have some ducks and I
have some. My ducks are well behaved,
and they do not interfere, but I noticed
a big (irako from the neighbor's the
Other morning went in front of a strong
colony of Ilalians and the bees were
disappearing very fast. I don't know
how long he would have kept it up, but
he kept it up until I drove him away.
At that rate it wouldn't have taken long
to have the bees all eaten up.

Mr. Arnd — I once had neighbors who
said that my bees killed the ducks.
They happened to find a bee in the neck
of a dead duck and they said it killed
the duck.

Mr. Kimmey — If I were going to ans-
wer that question I should inquire whom
the bees belonged to, and whom the
ducks belonged to. If the bees belonged
to the man who asked the question I
would say no; the ducks will kill the
bees.

How FAR Bees co for Honey.

"If honey is scarce, how far will
bees travel to gather it?"

Dr. Miller — Before we get into a long
discussion, I would suggest, if we stick
right to the question and those who
know, who have some definite testimony
as to the distance they have known bees
to go will tell us, we will get informa-
tion.

Mr. Arnd — I have known bees to go
6 miles.

Dr. Miller — How did you know?

Mr. Arnd — Because they gathered
buckwheat honey, and there wasn't any
buckwheat within 6 miles.

Mr. Whitney — I can not give any evi-
dence from personal observation, but I
remember reading in one of the bee-
papers of bees going g miles. [Laugh-
ter.] Hold on! Don't laugh! Let me
tell my story. "Vou will believe it.
During the time of the big fire in
Chicago there was also a fire in north-
ern New York, in a black-ash swamp,
and it swept off the whole swamp. It
was 5 miles long. The next year it grew
up to fireweed. A gentleman living south
of that swamp 4 miles owning the only
Italian bees in all that region, found
his bees very busily at work. He hitched
up his team and drove north along the
road. He could see his bees going and
coming, and he drove to the south end
of that swamp, and he said he never
saw such a sight in his life as he saw
there. His bees were busily at work on
that fireweed. He drove to the ex-
treme north end and he said they were
just as thick there as they were at the
south end. He knew they were his bees,
because he saw them going and coming
and they were the Italian bees, and the
only Italian bees in that region he
owned at that time. It seems almost
incredible but I saw the man's picture
in the journal that published the state-
ment and he looked like an honest man.

Pres. York — Was it Ira Barber?

Mr. Whitney — That is the name.

A Member— If Ira Barber told it, it
is so.

Mr. Wilcox — I have some knowledge
of it, because I used to be a bee-hunter,

and as a bee-hunter we always know
how far it is from where we start to
where we find the bees. We followed

lliem up and we found bees 5 miles
frcjm home, Intt exceedingly rarely;
more conniionly 4 miles. Yet I never
knew bees to work profitably — to carry
honey profitably to store a surplus — at
a distance grr.iter than^ 2% miles.

Pres. York— I'.earing on that last point,
perhaps Mr. Arnd will tell as to the
result of the working 6 miles away. How
much did they do?

Mr. Arnd — They did not do very
much. In fact, it took me about 6
months to find where they did get the
honey; and I found afterwards that the
buckwheat was 6 miles away.

Pres. ^'nrk-The honey was all gone
by that time!

Mr. Arnd — The honey was all gone.

Mr. Wheeler — I had a pretty good ex-
perience along that line. Some 20 years
ago I lived in Iowa. I went into a
country where there were no bees at all.
The nearest colony was 15 or 20 miles.
I watched those very closely, and I
watched the fielders to see how far the
bees went, and it was very, very seldom
that I found a bee farther than a mile
away from its home; and out there there
was no chance of being mistaken about
the distance, because the country was
all measured off in section miles, mile
by mile, and hardly any of those bees
traveled more than a mile.

Mr. Wilco.x — What season of the
year?

Mr. Wheeler — At all times, all through
the working season. They did not appear
to go much beyond the mile limit. They
were thick within that mile.

Mr. Todd — Nectar must have been
plentiful.

Mr. Wheeler — No, that was the pe-
culiar thing about it ; they hardly made
a living. It was a very poor country at
that time. Since then white clover has
come in, and it is a fine country for bees
now ; but at that time they had to skir-
mish to get a living, and they very
seldom got away more than a mile.

Mr. Clarke — I think the last speaker
and I come from the same locality.

Pres. York — The same State, any way.

Mr. Clarke — I don't know whether
the bees we have at the present time
are better fliers or honey-gatherers, but
my apiary is at Plymouth Creek, half
way between Le Mars and Merrill, and
my apiary is situated upon the northeast
corner of the section. One mile to the
farthest end of it I have a pasture of
40 acres, and it was about as white as
a white tablecloth this year with white
clover. We hml a considerable crop of
honey there this year, and my bees all
through the season never worked on my
farm. They went almost to Merrill to
gather the honey; and what could be
the reason of that? Mr. Arnd says he
could not see the surplus. I have for-
gotten just exactly what the average
is, but one colony stored 630 pounds,
and a number oi them over 300; some
of them up i" 400 pounds of honey.
Whether I have the long fliers, or
whether the country is changed, I can
not say, but that is my experience.

Mr. France — .\s to how far bees work
from the homi yard, I may say my bees
had an abia 1 mce of basswood years

ago right at their door, but it has been
cut away, so that the nearest basswood
now to the home yard is 3 miles, and
I notice that when that basswood is in
bloom, although it is near one of my
apiaries, the home yard works on it.
One time I was out on a lake 6 miles
across. There was an island, and while
out there upon that island bees lit upon
my shoulder and excited my curiosity.
There was no bee-tree on the island,
and I went across to the other side and
found bees there working, and they
went clear across that 6-mile lake to
some hives on the other side. They had
one chance to ulifrlit if they chose to, in
their flight, upon this island; but they
certainly were working across the lake
6 miles from home.

Mr. Wheeler — Within the last 2 or 3
years I have known apiaries within 2
or 2Vz miles of each other, and as far
as I know the bees are exactly alike;
where one would gather a good crop,
the other gathered scarcely any. That
proves to me they do not fly far.

Dr. Miller — That does not prove the
point Mr. Wheeler makes. How far
did you say?

Mr. Wheeler — 2 miles.

Dr. Miller — Here may be something
off here, and this yard is gathering
upon it — this one nearest to it; it is
within its range, but about as far as it
will go. This other yard, having 2 miles
farther to go, will get nothing. (I don't
know whether the stenographer can get
all my motions.) The point is this; No
matter how much the difference is,
there is a difference in the distance, and
yet it is very difficult to decide on any
sort of reason why there is this dif-
ference between two apiaries. For in-
stance, I have two. Take one year with
another and the northern apiary will
do a good deal better than the southern
one. I can not tell any reason why.
Sometimes the southern one will do the
better. I do not know any reason for
that either ; and when you come right
down to it, to find out the reasons why
bees do things, there are a whole lot
of things we don't know.

Mr. buby — Maybe we could tell bet-
ter if somebody could give us the aver-
age speed of bees. I wonder if any-
body knows that.

Dr. Miller — For want of any rate of
speed, I give 60 miles per hour.

Mr. Moore — This may be instructive,
although it is not accurate at all. I
feel sure I read somewhere that an
engineer in his cab saw a bee quite close
up to his engine when they were going
at a rate of 60 miles an hour, and the
bee kept up with the train. If that is
true, it throws some light on the flight of
the bee.

Toads and Snakes Eating Bees.

"Do toads, as a rule, destroy bees,
when permitted to stay about the
aipiary ?"

Mr. France — There are occasions
when I think a toad will destroy a good
many bees if allowed to stay about ; but
while it is destroying those bees, it
there are any moth-millers around, he
goes for those, also. I think he "pays
his keep" if you let him alone.

Mr. Wheeler — May I amend the ques-
tion so far as to include snakes? Do

514

June 13. 1907

American Hee Journal

snakes eat bees?

Dr. Bohrer — I do not know whether
snakes do or not. I do not Hke them
about the apiarj-, though. I do not
like tTieir looks.

Pres. York — I doubt if many bee-
keepers drink enough to see "snakes"
around the hives!

Dr. Bohrer — I saw one, a blow-shake,
6 feet long. But speaking about toads,
I have heard them accused of destroy-
ing bees to quite an extent. I saw one,
I think nearly as large as my fist, sit-
ting on the alighting-board of a hive,
and I concluded I would watch and
see what he was up to. He was looking
indifferently at nothing, as far as I
could tell, but after a while a bee came'
in reach and it disappeared a whole lot
quicker than it could have gone into
the hive if it had done its best. I
watched him for a while, and he des-
troyed a number of bees, and I destroyed
the toad. He was the finest one I ever
saw, the finest one I ever raised in
Kansas, and it is a good place for toads.
They do well. They may catch some
millers, but I think my bees are strong
enough so that they will attend to the
millers; and I believe we ought to ex-
pel the toads from the apiary, as a rule,
from what I saw there. Mr. Quinby,
in his book, claims they are very de-
structive. They may be kept out by put-
ting a board around.

Mr. Kimmey — I have seen a toad
catch a few bees, but it did not seem to
be very serious. I have seen the toad
near the entrance and the bee was gone.
There is no question the toad got it.

Mr. Wheeler — When I asked if snakes
eat bees I was going to suggest that
they eat the toads.

Pres. York — The snake may eat the
toad full of bees, I suppose!

Danger of Overheating Buckwheat
Honey.

"Why will not buckwheat honey bear
heating so hot as clover honey?"

Mr. Arnd— Won't it?

Pres. York — Without destroying the
flavor, I suppose it means.

Mr. France — I do not know the na-
ture of the answer required, but when
I was in New York there was some
buckwheat honey brought in for me to
suggest whether it was suitable to feed
bees. I said, "No; not that wild honey."
"But that is New York State buck-
wheat," they said: I replied, "I can't
help it; I would not want to feed my
bees on it, because that honey is full
of pollen. You can feel it on your
fingers — the grain in the honey of the
pollen." One of our most extensive bee-
keepers lost 90 percent of his bees that
winter. I think for the same reason
of the pollen in it, if you -heat it too
much in liquifying, you will darken it,
and also increase the flavor of it.

Dr. Miller — The question implies that
the heating of buckwheat honey injures
it more than heating clover honey. Has
any one testimony that that is a fact?

Mr. Wilcox — I have very positively
proved that it is a fact. I have been
melting buckwheat honey for 20 years,
and I have been melting clover about
as long, and I know certainly I can
not heat buckwheat hotter than 140 de-
grees without impairing its flavor, or

changing its flavor so that I can dis-
cover that it is what we call "boiled
honey;" and I heat clover honey or
basswood honey easily to 160. I have
tried it with a thermometer, again and
again. I will say further that it is al-
most impossible, with ordinary care, to
reliquify buckwheat honey without im-
pairing its flavor. I can not fully re-
store its former flavor. I am anxious to
know if there is any other explanation
than that given by Mr. France.

Mr. Moore — How do you tell how hot
you have your honey?

Mr. Wilcox — Put a thermometer in
it.

Mr. Moore — Do you use a thermomet-
er at all times in heating honey over
the fire?

Mr. Wilcox — Not at all times, but
frequently ; use it both in the water
around the honey, and in the honey.

Mr. Moore — Can you overheat the
honey while there is a candied portion
in it?

Mr. Wilcox — I shovel the honey into
the clothes-boiler, and when it is about
melted I have a thermometer and drop
it into it, and also in the water.

Mr. Moore — The question is. Can you
overheat the honey while there is a
candied portion in it?

Mr. Wilcox — Yes. If there is no
more than one pound melted, and that
is heated too hot, that will flavor the
whole body. The rest may be candied,
meanwhile.

Ground-Moles in the Apiary.

"How can ground moles be destroyed
in the apiary?"

A Member — Catch them and choke
them!

Another Member — The same way as
they can anywhere else.

Mr. France — Use bisulphide of carbon.

Dr. Miller— Plenty of cats.

A Member — A good dog.

Mr. Taylor — A cat won't catch one.

Pres. York — ^Mr. Taylor says a cat
won't catch one "in his locality."

Dr. Miller — They will in mine.

Mr. Taylor — They won't in any lo-
cality.

Dr. Miller — I would like to ask what
his evidence is that a cat won't catch
them in his locality.

Mr. Taylor — .\ cat won't dig for
them.

Dr. Miller — I don't know how they
got there, but I see them in the cat's
mouth in my locality.

Mr. Taylor — You mean the meadow-
mole, don't you?

Dr. Miller — They are short, and they
look as if they were blind.

Mr. Taylor — They both look as if
they were blind.

Mr. Kimmey — At one time on my
lawn I would get up in the morning
and would find where something had
gone under the ground quite a disance;
and sometimes I would see it working,
and dig down with a spade and get it.
I thought that was a mole. That _ is
what you are speaking about, isn't it?

Mr. Taylor — Yes.

Mr. Kimmey — That is the kind I
have seen with the cat. .1 don't know
whether she dug down, or how she got
it, but I have seen it repeatedly. She

got them until she exterminated them
all.

Mr. Wheeler— I have done it by dig-
ging down, in the hole and putting a
piece of parsnip or carrot with a little
piece of strychnine in it.

Mr. Kimmey— Do your moles travel
the same path?

Mr. Wheeler— Thy went back and
forth.

Mr. Kimmey — Mine did not.

Mr. Duby — Another good way of de-
stroying moles is a common castor-oil
bean. You see the track of the mole.
It is never deep. Just make a hole with
a stick and drop a castor oil bean in it.

Dr. Miller— Do the moles hurt the
bees?

Mr. Taylor— No, but they dig up the
ground and kill the sod.

Dr. Miller— Then what do we care
about moles?

Mr. Wheeler— Does the castor-oil
bean kill the mole or scare him away?

Mr. Duby— Kills him. The next morn-
ing he will be on top of the ground.

Mr. Wilcox— I want to get rid of the
moles. They are eating my wife's flow-
ers. They do not hurt the bees, but they
are destroying the flowers.

Pres. York— Here is a question for
Dr. Miller to answer. Are you ready?

Dr. Miller— Ready.

How TO Succeed with Bees.

Pres. York — "How can I succeed in
bee-culture?"

Dr. Miller— I had the same question
asked me a number of years ago. A
lady in the State of Wisconsin wrote to
me, "Will you please give me your sys-
tem of bee-culture?" When I have it
written out for her I will pass it on to
you.

Pres. York — Dr. Miller wants more
time, but he has had over 40 years now.

Distance Between Queen-Breeding
Apiaries.

"How far apart should queen-breed-
ing apiaries be situated in order to
prevent amalgamation ?"_

Mr. Horstmann. — 6 miles.

Mr. Wheeler — According to Mr.
France, it should be 12 miles — 6 miles
each way.

Dr. Miller — If I am not mistaken.
Father Langstroth said a distance of
half a mile; and others will make it 6
miles. If there is any definite informa-
tion on that point it will be important to
get it. If not, we would better not
spend much time on it.
Mr. Hudson — When I started rearing
Italian bees for sale there were black
bees around me — no Italians — and I
commenced to Italianize all the bees, un-
til I got all Itahans within the 3-mile
limit, and that eliminated the trouble.

Mr. Abbott — When I first started in
- St. Joseph I had, about % of a mile
out, 150 colonies. My brother lived in
the city and we had in his yard in the
city 10 or 15 colonies of pure Italians.
Those out in the large apiary of 150
colonies were not all pure Italians, but
we kept drone-traps on them and caught
all the drones except the Italian drones.
We had one of those Cyprian queens,
and we wanted to get all the queens
mated, if possible, and the colony pro-

June 13, 1907

515

iliu-fd ,-1110111 ion (|uecii-ccUs. \Vc savcU
the virgin queens and put them on the
hives according to my method, having 5
or 6 on the hive — some of them in the
city and some of them out at my place,
where tlie other bees were. More than
half of those out where the 150 colonies
were, were impurely mated. There
were no drones flying in our yard, how-
ever, except the Italian ones. Those in
my brother's hives were every one of
them mated with Italian drones. There
was not a single queen mated there
except the pure ones. They were yel-
low. I concluded the condition of be-
ing hemmed in in the city had something
to do with that. The apiaries were not
to exceed % of a mile apart. We tried
that repeated!}', and we had the same
experience every time. We could get
them purely mated in the city without
any trouble, but if we undertook to
mate them out where the other colonies
were, at least half of them would be
impurely mated,

Dr, Bohrer — I wrote that question, be-
cause I believe it is one of consider-
able interest. I stated, I think, once
before here today, that I bred queens
as early as 1864, and I made it a point
in the years 1864 to 1S66 to get control
of all the black bees within 6 or 8 miles
of me, and of course out beyond that
there were hybrid bees, because they
were mixing constantly, I dropped out
in 1873, moving to Kansas, where the
country at that time was not adapted
to bee-keeping at all, and since I have
come back into line again I find there
has not been very much improvement,
if any, in the Italian bee brought to
this country. The bees that I got in
an early day, I got some from Mr.
Arthur Gray, of Butler County, Ohio,
and some from Mr. Langstroth, I got
one queen from Mr. Langstroth that
duplicated herself oftener than any I
ever reared, and yet after rearing about
100 queens one hatched out that was
the blackest insect I ever saw in my
life, of any kind, showing that there
was some foreign blood. There came
the question, then, whether there was a
distinct race of bees that were Italian;
whether they were pure and distinct,
not amalgamated with any other race
of bees, and while this question was up,
and I was studying about it, and I don't
know but writing about it, I met Mr,
Langstroth in Cincinnati and we had a
talk on the subject. I told Mr. Lang-
stroth about this queen I purchased, and
having so many duplicates— about 100—
and then having an insect as black as
any I ever saw, and that I had somt
doubts as to there being a distinct Italian
bee, whether they are a distinct race.
He said, "I know they are not, but
what their make-up consists of I can
not tell." I have done a good deal of
investigating for many years, and I do
not believe by importing the various
types of bees, Cyprians and Caucasians
and diflferent breeds, that we are going
to_ improve our bees very rapidly. I
said down in San Antonio, to Dr,
Phillips that I was opposed to the Gov-
ernment sending out Caucasian queens
to breeders unless they would pledge
themto breed 12 to 15 miles from other
apiaries, so that amalgamation would
be impossible. Keep them separate and

Aiiic>rican ^ae Journal

sec if they arc- i • illv worlliy lu be in-
troduced in the United States, or not.
The Italian bees as we had them in
their highest degree of purity along in
the '6o's were undoubtedly an improve-
ment on the common black bee, I never
had a colony of Italian bees destroyed
by the moth-miller. They were better-
natured. Then I handled my bees many
and many a time without any protec-
tion whatever, either on my hands or
over my face, I can't do it in Kansas
with the bees I have now; only occasion-
ally when there is quite a flow of honey
the bees are bettcr-iiatured. We are all
bclter-naturcd wlu-n we h;ivc a full
stomach, and the bees are pretty good-
natured at a time like that. You can
open up a colony of hybrids — not Cy-
prians, they do not ask any odds for
a flight at any time, but they are good-
natured at a time like that, but at any
other time I won't venture. Sometimes
they appear to be as innocent and harm-
less as flies, and at other times they
will come out at me, thousands of them.
The reason I put in that question was
to argue that very point, and to show
what amalgamation is doing for us, and
that from 10 to i; miles is as close as
I would advise their being bred, the
diiiferent races of bees.

Taking Bees out in Spring.

"How soon in the spring should bees
be taken from the repository?"

Dr, Miller — Take them out when the
soft maple is in bloom, unless the wea-
ther is such that you feel pretty sure
vou will have cold weather after that;
but not earlier than that.

Mr. Moore — When the oak leaf is as
large as a squirrel's ear,

Mr. Horstmann — What time does the
soft maple bloom?

Dr. Miller — If you haven't any soft
maple you must take some other rule,
but the soft maple is a very common
tree, and I have no doubt Mr, Horst-
mann can find it without going verv
far from his home, unless they are
scarcer than I think,

Mr, Horstmann — Can you give us
about the time of the month?

Mr, Taylor — First to the loth of April,
Mr, Moore— I think the bo.x-elder
takes the place of the soft maple in
this part of the country.

Dr, Miller — That is much later,
Mr. Moore — I mean as to prevalence
of the wood,

Dr, Bohrer — Any pleasant day when
it is warm pnoiif for the bees to fly,

Mr, Wilco.x — When the soft maple
blooms.

Mr. Wheeler — When the thermometer
is_ from 55 to 60 degrees, without any
wind, is my view.

Dr. Miller — That might occur in Feb-
ruary.

Mr, Wheeler— Month of April, then.
Mr, Taylor — About my latitude, (La-
peer Co,, Mich..') take them out the
last days of March, when it is too cold
for them to fly,

Mr, Hutchinson — Suppose the bees
are uneasy and would force themselves
out, would you take them out then
when it was cold '

Mr, Taylor— I do not think they
would be uneas; ■ j uneasy as to force

them out, if you took them out when
cold.

Mr. Hutchinson — I agree with you, if
the bees are healthy.

Size op Hives.

"Which is better, an 8 or a 10 framt
hive?"

Mr. Wilco,\- — I would say an 8-framc
for comb honey, and a 10 for extracting.
Mr. Hutchinson — I second that,
Mr. Clarke — I prefer the 8-frame to
the lo-frame, for the simple reason, if
you know how to manipulate the 8-
frame properly you can produce one-
half more honey than you can with the
same process and use the lo-frame hive.
I do not claim to know as much as
many of the older bee-keepers that are
here, but I use both kinds together, and
I have tried them on an equal footing,
with the colonies of equal strength, and
the queens in the colonies bred from
the same queen-mother and cquall}' pro-
lific, sitting in the same yard, and I have
set them on scales alongside one an-
other. That is my result in 15 years.

Dr, Bohrer- — Did you succeed in win-
tering them as well in the 8-frames?

Mr, Clarke — Yes, sir. I have nevei
lost a colony in 15 years, wintered in
the cellar.

Mr. Abbott — I suppose I ought to say
that when I wrote those heretical arti-
cles some years ago, I said I would not
have anything but an 8-frame hive for
comb hone}'. I am just of the samt
opinion now. If I were starting in busi-
ness again, I would not have anything
but a lo-frame hive. I am sure I am
right now. I was just as sure I was
right the other time. That 's the result
of getting older, and getting your hair
a little grayer, '

Mr, Horstmann — I would like to have
Mr, Abbott tell us why he knows he is
right. We want some reason for it.

Mr. Abbott — There is not room
enough in an 8-frame hive for an ordi-
nary man to keep bees successfully.
You won't give the bees the room they
need as ' rapidly as they need it. In
a lo-frame hive they have the room
to start on, and you give them more
surplus room when you put on one super,
and when you put on two of course
you give them still more in proportion:
and you are more likely to give them
room when they ought to have it. The
reason why so many people fail in bee-
keeping is because they do not give the
bees room at the right time, and plenty of
it. There is more honey wasted in the
State of Missouri from ignorance as
to when bees need the room than there
is gathered in all the hives of Missouri
every year. I am confident of that ; and
I am confident that if we could take
out the 8-frame hives that are now in
the State of Missouri, an-d replace them
with lo-frame hives, we would not only
increase the hive four sections more,
but we would increase the crop nearly
double. I feel confident of it, I have
watched the matter very closely, and I
do not think, for the farmers especial-
ly, that anything smaller than the ca-
pacity of a lo-frame hive ought ever
to be used, I did not believe that when
I was writing those articles, but if I
were starting tomorrow, and for those
reasons, I would start with a lo-frame

June 13, iyu7

American ^ac Journal]

hive, and give every colony from 3 to
4 supers every season. Taken one sea-
son with another, in the state of Mis-
souri— Missouri is not a good State for
honey, because the clover crop is not
sure — I can get more honey out of
the lo-frame hive.

Pres. York — You mean the lo-frame
Langstroth?

Mr. Abbott— Yes.

Mr. Horstmann — 1 here is no reason
why the bees should not have all the
room they want in an 8-frame hive. I
did not write this question, but I am
glad it has come up. I use a good many
8-frame hives. I can bring them out
of the repository in the spring and jusi
as soon as the colonies get strong
enough I can raise the frame up and
give them 16 frames to work in, and
I am sure that is all they need ; and
when the time of flow begins I can take
the hive-body off and put on supers just
as they need them. When one is pretty
nearly full I raise that up and put an-
other one under it; and when the top
one is full I put another one on the
top, and I keep the colonies working
with 3 supers. I do not see where you
can get anything that will beat the 8-
frame hive for comb honey. I am so
well pleased with the 8-frame that I am
going to use it altogether for both comb
and extracted honey. I can use 8-
frame bodies, put up 3 or 4 of them,
build them up as high as I see fit, and
give the queen all the room she wants
to lay. The hive-bodies will be just
as easily handled as the lo-frame.

Dr. Miller — I would like to enquire
whether any of Mr. Horstmann's neigh-
bors like a large hive.

Mr. Abbott— Mr. Horstmann does noi
believe in a lo-frame hive, but in a 16-
frame hive. He goes me a good deal
better.

Mr. Horstmann — Speaking of my
neighbors, I honestly believe that there
is not a bee-keeper in this hall this ev-
ening that has better neighbors than 1
have. I have never had the least bit of
trouble with my neighbors. .Speaking
of the bees, I have the school teachers
bring classes over almost every yea.- to
see the bees — classes of children. I ■
have a colony of my bees over in the
University now. There is no danger ot
any stings. I have them "educated."

Mr. Moore— I am for the lo-frami-
hive, first, last and all the time, for
extracted honey or comb honey Th;
manipulation Mr. Horstmann 'is talk-
ing about is absolutely out of the ques-
tion for most bee-keepers, I take it ; it
is too much bother; and, just as Mr.
Abbott says, he is getting i6-frame hives
instead of 8. That is not the point at
all. Most bee-keepers, when they give
the bees 8 frames, think they will beat
the bees out of just 2 frames. When
you talk of bees you are not talking of
one year ; }'0U are talking of S years.
The great question is wintering the bees.
The question is, Does the queen have
plenty of room? A good, young queen
will fill 2 of those hives in favorable
circumstances. When you move them,
as Mr. Horstmann says, you upset their
arrangements. They know where they
want the brood, and where they want
the honey. You give them the 10-

frame hive and the queen fills a large
portion of it with eggs, and they put
their honey in there, and they fill thai
as full as they dare to before you put
on the sections. It is a mighty poor
year when they don't have enough honey.
They come out in the spring with plenty
of honey, and they won't be economical
as they will with the 8-frame hive, and
they will be a going concern. It is not
one year alone, but it is a series of
years, for 5 years, that finally gets the
money; and I believe for the every-
day bee-keeper who can not do so much
manipulation, that the lo-frame hive is
the thing.
The Members — Hear !
A Member — Did I understand Mr.
Moore to say that a good queen will
fill 2 of those bodies?

Mr. Moore — Under favorable circum-
stances she will fill 3. It is only ^
question of unlimited honey; that is all.
Dr. Bohrer — I get more honey from
lo-frame colonies than I do from the 8,
and I have tried both. One thing that
induced me to adopt 10 in preference
to 8 was that one of the first Langstroth
hives was 18 frames. A good queen
would populate all of them, and we
got our honey from sections. We did
not use extractors at that time. Now
I get more honey keeping the combs
cleaned up, and keeping the bees con-
stantly at work, from my lo-frame hive.
You can get more than from the 8-
frame.

Dr. Miller — There is a point that has
not been touched upon, that is, con-
venience in handling. With some people
that makes a great deal of difference.
A strong man does not care whether
has has 8 or 10 frames, though even to
a strong man it is a matter of con-
venience to have the 8 frames. As to
the care of them, I am sure there is a
good point there. Mr. Abbott is right
in saying that the farmer is better off
with the lo-frame. That is not saying
anything detrimental to farmers, but
when we speak of farmers as bee-keep-
ers we speak of them as those who do
not make a speciality of it, and do not
expect to spend a great deal of the time
at it. I am sure that the average farmer
is very much safer with the lo-frame
hive than he is with the 8-franie ; and
yet, with sufficient care and attention,
I am a little afraid that more comb
honey can be obtained through the 8-
frame hive than through the 10. For
years I used the 10, and, I hardly know
why, I think there was a fashion for the
8-frame, and I changed over to 8-frame
hives. I have the 8-frame hives yet,
but I do not know that I have got any
better crops since, but I am a little
afraid I have. I am afraid that it would
not be so safe for me to use lo-frame
hives, and yet there is a litle more
work required with the 8-frame hives.
I do not think Mr. Moore's objection
would hold, that using two stories in-
volves so much work that it is not easi-
ly done. Really, the amount of work
required using two stories during the
breeding season in the spring is not a
great deal, and if you will t.ike the
pains to have surplus combs you can
get along through the spring and
through the winter just as well with
the 8 as you can with the 10; but the

man who does not give his bees par-
ticular attention will be pretty sure to
lose a whole lot more bees in the winter
in the smaller hives than he will in the
larger hives. But there may be a dif-
ference also as to locality. We laugh
about the matter of locality, and yet
that comes in near'y every place you
touch a bee-hive, and touch bee-work,
and it may make a difference in that.
But I rather suspect — I am not sure
about it — I rather suspect that if you
give the work to it, that you get more
honey with the 8 frames, and enough
more to more than pay you for the ex-
tra amount of work you give.

Mr. Taylor — There is another point
I think ought to be considered in this,
especially by those who are treating a
good many bees. Of course it is a
question of interest as to how many bees
we ought to keep in one place. Now
suppose my location would profitably
sustain 100 colonies in lo-frame hives.
According to the idea of Dr. Miller,
if I kept 100 colonies in 8-frame hives
in that location I would get as much, or
more — probably more — honey from the
8-frame 100 colonies than from the 10-
frame ones. It is claimed — and with
some truth, no doubt — that the colonies
in the lo-frame hives, will average con-
siderably more brood than those in the
8-frame hives. Supposing that they
have one-fifth more brood, that is, brood
in proportion to the number of frames
in the hive. Well, if that is so, then
if the location will sustain 100 colonies
in lo-frame hives, it will sustain 120
colonies in 8-frame hives. That is
self-evident. Now there is a greater
advantage. Dr. Miller, if his ideas are
sound, would get at least one-fifth more
honey ; instead of 8000 pounds he
would get 10,000 pounds, and probably
considerably more. That is a point that
we ought to have in mind. There is not
so much advantage in having a great
quantity of bees in large hives if we
can get the honey from a few more hives
that are smaller and more easily handl-
ed, even if we have to have more
queens. Queen-bees do not cost much
to a bee-keeper.

Mr. Moore — Dr. Miller would grant
you that if you winter your bees in the
cellar the question of how much honey
there is in the brood-chamber is not
so material. I take it that a very large
number of people who keep bees in
an ordinary rough way winter them out-
of-doors; but I would like to ask if
there is any one here who has had large
experience in producing comb honey in
i6-frame hives?

Dr. Miller — I am one. What is it
you want to know?

Mr. Moore — We want to know
whether you have made such experi-
ments as you can say that you can not
produce more honey in 100 lo-frame
hives than you can in 100 8-frame hives,
other things being equal.

Mr. Taylor — In 5 years.

Dr. Miller — In answering this whole
question, there is one point brought up
by Mr. Taylor that I am afraid will
not hold. He is taking the ground that
a lo-frame hive will have more bees in
it than an 8-frame hive. Not neces-
sarily. Because when we are talking
about 8-frame hives we are talking of

June 13, iyo7

517

American ^ec Journalj^

lU-r-

-f^^^J

having two stories to rear brood in, and
having just as strong colonies as th>
lo-frames. To come now to answering
the question directly: It is not an
easy thing, unless you have a lot of
ID-frames side by side with 8-frame
hives. I had a good many years' ex-
perience with lo-frame hives, and then

1 had a good many years' experience
with the 8-frame hives, but you see
you can not compare them. It is not
an easy tiling. The fact that I have had
much experience with each of them
docs not help me to any positive answer
as to what they will do in the same
year. The trouble with me is, when I
make an experiment I go head over
heels and change everything, and some-
times lose a whole lot by it, but I have
an impression, by giving the right kind
of care, I can get a little more honey
out of the same amount of the 8 than
of the 10 — in comb honey — and allow
them to use the two stories.

Mr. Moore — Dr. Miller, you are get-
ting clear ofT the question. You are
running in harness with Mr. Horstmann.
You people are not talking about an 8-
frame hive — you are talking about a
i6-frame hive, and you are telling this
convention that you can get more honey
from a i6-frame hive than from a lo-
frame hive, and you ought to. The
question is. Will you get more honey,
or as much, from an 8-frame hive as a
lO-frame hive, as the ordinary person
manipulates them, not the way you
skilled people handle it?

Dr. Miller — Begging the Secretary's
pardon, the question is not the way of
manipulating. The question is, Which
shall I take? and the manner of using
is a question that comes afterward. The
question is whether I shall take an 8-
frame or a lo-frame hive, and then I
may use one or both of them 2 stories.
Don't let us get away from the ques-
tion. If you want to go back to that,
if you confine yourselves to the 8
frames — if Mr. Moore wants that ques-
tion answered, I will answer it. Con-
fine yourself to 8-frames, or confine
yourself to lo frames, and which will
you get the most from? Ten frames,
every time, if you are going to hold me
down to 10 frames; but that was not
the question, as I understand.

Mr. Moore — That is the way I under-
stood it.

Mr. Abbott — Here is a point Dr. Mil-
ler does not 'seem to take into con-
sideration. The bees that are in a lo-
frame colony, separated and put into

2 8-frame colonies, will not gather as
much honey in proportion as they will
if left all together. They can not do-
it. The greater bulk of bees that you
can get in one body, working in one
hive, the greater quantity of honey you
will get. and you can not take those 2
8-frame hives, using double bodies, and
get the same amount of bees in the 2
8-frame hives, working in that way, as
would be in one lo-frame hive, and get
as good results as you could if the bees
were all in that lo-frame hive, and
working as one colony.

Mr. Wilcox — My answers were based
entirely upon the suppositions that
have been explained by Dr. Miller, and
I am exactly agreed with him and Mr.
Horstmann, and my system is exactly

the same as that described by him with-
out the slightest variation, and conse-
quently I still adhere to the statement.
My understanding of that question
was that we were to use the hives as
we pleased, which is better to adopt?
Of course, if we were confined to a
single story, and use the ' same size all
the season throuch, the lo-frame would
be the better undoubtedly. Another point

1 want to give : I do not know that
it is of any importance except that it is
interesting. I tried an experiment
once. I put a few colonies in 4-frame
hives, a few in 6-frame, a few in S-
frame, and a few in lo-frame, and set
them all in a row close together, with
young queens all the same age, and kept
them 2 years, and the result was just
about in proportion to the size of the
hives, except that the bees in the smal-
ler ones nearly all died the first winter.

Dr. Miller — Allow me to explain, as
Mr. Wilcox suggests, I did not mean to
suggest by any means that the 2 stories
are used all the year round, only in
building up the colonies; when they
have got so strong in the spring that they
need the 2 stories until the time of the
harvest. They do not always need the

2 stories, but I want the privilege of
using the 2 stories when thev get strong
enough to need it.

Dr. Bohrer — Dr. Miller answered the
question categorically. He says he gets
more honey from the lo-frame hive,
and then he stated the chief objection
there is to a lo-frame hive, and I find
the same objection to it, and that is,
that the 8-frame hive is decidedly pre-
ferable when you come to handle it,
especially to a man afflicted with lum-
bago. Tliat is the principal thing. The
Doctor says he gets more honey from
the lo-frame hive.

Dr. Miller — No. It is the other way;
at least I am afraid I get more from the
8-frame hive.

Mr. Sewel! — It has come to a rather
interesting point. I would like to ask a
question of Dr. Miller. Does he not
get some gain, or perhaps a great gain,
in taking away those 8 frames just at
that time? In taking them away, oi
shutting the queen down to an 8-frame,
you cramp her to a great extent, so that
she does not produce a great lot of
useless workers that are going to go on
and be consumers, rather than useless
workers, just at that time.

Dr. Miller — I am not sure it is safe
to say anything against that generally
accepted theory about rearing useless
workers; but if I dared say it, I would
say I don't believe in_it at all. I want
to rear all the bees I can at all times
of the year. That thing of rearing use-
less workers I am not afraid of — I do
not bother myself about it at all. But
the question he asks is an entirely per-
tinent one. The taking away of those
frames at that time still leaves, I think,
that 8-frame hive, as much room as the
queen will be likely to use during fhe
harvest time; ami even if she were in a
lo-frame hive, I do not believe she
would use more. You know the queen
begins to limit her laying as the harvest
begins to come in, I think, as a rule,
they will have plenty of honey in the
8-frames, And then, please remember
this: In limiting the amount in the

lower story we are really not limiting
the room lor the bees. It is simply giv-
ing room in a different place. We give
the room above, and we are giving
them all the room that they need.

Mt. Moore — The importance of this
discussion, from my standpoint, is this :
There has been a fashion, a saying
gone abroad, that to produce comb
honey you should use the 8-frame hive.
It is a question of what we are re-
commending to the bee-keepers. What
are Dr. Miller and the other scientific
gentlemen recommending to the bee-
keepers as the best thing for comb
honey? I do not believe for a moment
that all these people who are not pro-
fessionals, who have been using the 8-
frame, have been using the 2 stories. I
take it that they have been using a
single 8-frame hive, and they think they
have been rnaking a profit over the
lo-frame, which 1 think is a grievou*
error.

Mr. Horstmann — Mr. Moore speaks
of a l6-frame hive. According to hij
idea, I have had 50-frame hives. I
have had my hives stacked up 5 bodiei
of 10 frames each. According to his
idea I had 50-frame hives. I say what
is meant by an 8-frame hive is an 8-
frame hive-bod}', one body that will
contain 8 frames. You can pile them up
as high as you please.

The meeting then adjourned till 9
o'clock the next day.

Second Day— Morning Session.

The convention met 9:30 a. m., with
Pres. York in the chair. Dr. Miller
offered the following invocation :

Our Father, who art in Heaven, we
thank Thee that Thou carest for us. We
thank Thee that Thou hast the interest
of bee-keeners before Thee, even with
all the infinite cares that Thou hast.
We thank Thee for this meeting to-
gether for conference; for the gooa
feeling that existed in the session yes-
terday. We pray that this good feeling
may continue, and we ask Thee that all
that is done and said to-day may be
useful, that the time may be well spent.
We pray, dear Father, that Thv bless-
ing may be upon us. We know that it
we have Thy blessing it will be a good
deal to us. We ask it in Jesus' name.
Amen.

Auditing Committee's Report.

Pres. York— We will now listen to
the report of the Auditing Committee.
Mr. Kimmey, I believe, is chairman.

Mr. Kimme}— We have the following
report to ofTer :
To ^ the Chicago - Northzvestern Bee-

Keefiers' Association :

Your committee appointed to examine
the books and accounts of the Secre-
tary-Treasurer respectfully report that
they have carefully examined his books
and vouchers, and find the same cor-
rect. /

Fred L. Kimmev
W. B. Chapman
J. C. Wheeler

Committee.

Mr. Kimmey— I would like to move
that the report of the committee be
adopted.

Dr. Miller — Second the motion.

The motion was put and carried.

518

American Hee Journal

June 13, 1907

Breeding the Best Queens.

"Under what conditions or by what
manipulations are the best queens pro-
duced?"

Mr. Taylor — The swarming impulse.

Dr. Miller — I believe that the same
conditions that are likely to produce
the swarming impulse will perhaps be
as well without the swarming impulse.
That is, a good flow of honey, a strong
colony, and all things in an encourag-
ing condition.

Mr. Whitney — I asked that question.
From what we read in the bee-papers
there are all sorts of manipulations in
breeding queens by queen-breeders. I
buy a good many queens, and I would
like to know where I can get the best
queens, or under what sort of manipula-
tion I can get them. But what few
queens I rear for myself, I find the best
ones are those that are reared, as Dr.
Miller says, in a full colony of bees and
under the swarming impulse. I believe
we get the best queens in that way.

Dr. Bohrer — I find Dr. Miller's state-
ment is substantially correct. There is
no question about that. But the same
conditions will exist if a strong colony
is rendered queenless, and then giv-
en fresh-laid eggs. I have slipped a
frame full of eggs the night before m-
to a colony which built the queen-
cells, and then have taken them out and
distributed them among nuclei, when
they were finished and sealed over. I
think those conditions are similar to
the swarming impulse, because they will
respond to the same method, give the
same kind of care until the egg is ma-
tured, as they would under the ordi-
nary swarming impulse. Now as to
the best of queens, aside from that,
we might differ as to the different
varieties of bees, that is, different races.
I have always found the highest grade
of Italian bee was the most satisfac-
tory.

Best Results in Comb Honey.

"How should lo-frame hives be ma-
nipulated for best results in comb
honey?"

Dr. Bohrer — There are two ways of
doing it. One is to cut it in sections, and
the other — some one will take exception
to the position if I should say to use
another body on top, and raise the combs
up and put the bees to work above. I
think you would get a litle more honey
that way than you would to use sections,
by using a two-story hive.

Management of Golden Italians.

"Should golden Italians be managed
differently from the darker varieties?"

Mr. Taylor — Yes. Kill them.

Pres. York — Who would rather man-
age them alive?

Dr. Miller — I think Mr. Taylor's an-
swer is right for some of them, and
it is very wrong for some of them,
too. I think there is a great deal of
difference. I believe there are golden
Italians that are good bees, and I think
there are some not worth the powder
to blow them up. I do not know any
difference, so I am not answering the
question. I was rather wanting to limli
Mr. Taylor's very sweeping statement.
At the time of the World's Fair Mr.

Doolittle had some of the golden bees
here, and two of the best queens were
left with me over winter to be taken
care of before being 'returned to New
York State, and from those I reared
some queens, and those were good bees.
I would not say that they were not up
to the other, and I am not so sure at
all that they were very much better.
The main thing, I think, about the gold-
en bees is the looks. They are beauti-
ful bees, and there is a great pleasure
in looking at them. As to the real
value, as I said before, there are gold-
en queens and golden queens. Some
are good and some are very poor.

Dr. Bohrer — I want to corroborate
what Dr. Miller has said, having a
queen now that is one of the most pro-
lific queens I ever owned, and her bees
produced more honey last year than any
other in my apiary. I do not think they
are corrupted any by Cyprian blood, but
I have had some corrupted, and to say
they were cross is not expressing it.

Pres. York — Another question, right
along in conection with that : "How
do the golden Italians compare with the
leather-colored varieties?"

Mr. Kimmey — I would like to hear
from Mr. Taylor, the reasons for his
remark that he would kill the golden
Italians.

Mr. Taylor — I never saw any of them,
that were good for anything. Of course,
I have no doubt but what sometimes
you will get a queen that will produce
bees that may be passably good, but,
take them together, I think they are very
gentle and very good to look at, but
they are not very good for gathering
honey. Now, to get right down to it,
I would not have an Italian bee. I
would rather have a hybrid. It is very
much more difficult to get the Italians
into the section-boxes than it is hybrids,
and when you want to get them out, it
is very much more difficult to get them
out ; and I don't know that they are
any better for gathering honey than
good hybrids in the matter of temper.
It is true that you can go to a colony
of bees and by being careful, handle
them without veil or smoke. But it is
not because their temper is better; it
is because they are less disposed to take
wing. You get out in a swarm of Ital-
ian bees when they are flying, and I
think they are a good deal more likely
to sting than the black bees are. I
think that accounts for the difference
in apparent irascibility of black bees.
Several of my hybrids— they are all hy-
brids— I do not call irascible at all.
There is very little stinging. I very
seldom get stung. Get a stranger in
there, sometimes, who is a little nervous,
and he gets stung sometimes; but I do
not call my bees any more liable to sting
than the Italians I have had, when
handling them.

Dr. Miller — Before Mr. Taylor sits
down, may I ask him whether he thinks
his bees are about like the average hy-
brid bees?

Mr. Taylor — Well, I do not know
that I can say as to that. They are
about like the average I have seen.
There are some colonies that show quite
a little yellow, and some colonies that
show a good many bees that yoii would

take to be black bees; but every colony
shows more or less of the yellow color.
But I do not know that I have a colony
in the yard that any one would call
pure Italians from their coloring.

Mr. Whitney — Mr. Taylor's experi-
ence has been very different from mine.
I have been working all the time that
I have kept bees to make them as pure
3-banders as I could possibly get. I
have had quite a mixture of black bees
at times, and they have always troubled
me — cross, run like cockroaches. I nev-
er had any trouble with 3-banded Ital-
ians to get them off the sections when
I wanted to get the honey out or have
the combs free. Take a frame of honey
and hold it right over the end of the
hive and take them off at once. Mine
are very gentle. I can go into the yard
almost any time. I think I showed Mr.
France once, at 5 o'clock in the after-
noon, without a veil, without smoke, a
number of my bees, and I think in a
recent copy of American Bee Journal
you will find a picture of a little girl
holding a frame. It was late in the day,
she was without a veil over her face,
and she held a frame of those bees.
They were 3-banded Italians. When
you come to workers, I never saw any-
thing equal to it before, and the only
surplus honey I got this year was from
my 3-banded Italians. I have 3 or 4
colonies of mongrels, one colony pretty
nearly black, and they did not give me
a pound of surplus honey — not a pound;
while the 3-banders did ; and the blacks
or mongrels swarmed, and out of 30
odd colonies of 3-banded Italians I had
but 2 swarms. It seems strange to me
that there is such a difference in the ex-
periences individuals have with the dif-
ferent kinds of bees. I do not believe
I would want what they call the gold-
en or all-yellow bee. You know the
queens of the 3-banders often are ab-
soluteh', yellow, but their bees have
only 3 yellow bands. I do not call such
a queen as that a golden queen. I call
it a 3-bander queen, although I do not
see any band on the queen at all, but
her bees are all 3-banders. So far as
protecting their is concerned, the

3-banders beat anything I ever saw
against robbers, and they will clean out
the bee-moth in a very few minutes. I
have put frames that were filled with
the larvK of the moth right in the center
of a 3-bander colony of bees, and in a
few minutes they would be all cleaned
out. I like them in every respect so far
as I have been able to investigate them.

Dr. Miller — I think that one way of
explaining the difficulty that Mr. Whit-
ney meets is by saying that bees vary,
and that they vary very much. If you
have a colony of Italian bees you are
not sure, from the mere fact of their
being Italians, that they will always
be of exactly a certain temperament.
With a hybrid bee, still less are you
certain of anything of that kind. Tht
Italian bees are more fixed in character
than the hybrids. You are more sure
of what you have. When you come II
hybrids, you don't know; for certairs
where you are. Now, Mr. Taylor has
very gentle hybrid bees, and I have
very cross hybrid bees. I look for those,
colonies that will produce the most
honey, without regard to their temper.

June 13, 1907

519

American Hee Journal

I said, "The honey is the thing I am
after; i can stand all the rest." They
convinced me after a while that I
couldn't stand all the rest. I had to
fight with my a-ssistant. I killed a queen
and she showed some temper.

Mr. Ford— Which showed the temper,
the queen or the assistant?

Dr. Miller — Both. She would insist
that if they only brought the honey the
queen must be allowed to live. If I
had it to do over again I would not
do exactly the same thing as I did, be-
cause I know that the matter of temper
is a thing that must be reckoned with.
They can go so far you can not stand
it; at least I could not, without a veil,
and I do not like to wear a veil all the
time. My assistant wears a veil all
the time.

Dr. Bohrer — What kind of trousers
do you wear ?

Dr. Miller — I don't handle them with
my trousers! [Laughter.]

Dr. Bohrer — Don't the bees crawl up
your trousers ? They do mine.

Dr. Miller — Answering your question,
I wear white trousers. It is a fact that
hybrids are much more variable in char-
acter than anything like the pure blood
of the Italians, and when you art
working and selecting to get the best,
as I suspect Mr. Taylor is — he was more
fortunate in it or else more careful than
I, and in his selections he has good-na-
tured hybrids and I have them just the
reverse. He shakes his head. How is
that?

Mr. Taylor — I did not select. I have
killed just 2 queens in my time on ac-
count of the irascibility of the bees; that
is all.

Dr. Miller — Perhaps I gave a wron^j
impression. When I have found one
especially cross lot, through the years,
I have killed that queen, always ; but
I have not paid as much attention as
I should have done to the temper of
queens. There is, I think, the whole
thing in a nutshell. The bees vary a
great deal, and if one man says the
Italians are better, and another says
the hybrids are better, they may have
different kinds of the same bees. I
believe, as a rule, that the hybrid bees
will give you more honey than the pure
Italians. Now it does not follow from
that that it is the best thing to breecT
entirely from hybrid bees, because they
will split all up and you don't know
where you are going, as I said before ;
if you keep trying to breed pretty near
pure Italians, you will get enough hy-
brid stuff in to keep up the black.
Try to keep them pretty nearly pure, and
you will have more or less black blood
in them.

Mr.Taylor — Some reference was made
to the Doctor's trousers. I have often
been amused in the remarks he has
made in his writing about the bees get-
ting up his trousers.

Dr. Miller — Please allow me to cor-
rect you. I did not say anything about
their getting up my trousers.

Mr. Taylor — They don't -crawl up
my trousers. They fly. The trouble
with your bees, Doctor, is you have too
much Italian blood in them. They
won't fly at all.

Mr. Kimmey — You speak of Italian
and hybrid. We started out to speak

about golden. I understand there is a
difference between 3-bander and golden.

Dr. Miller— Yes.

Mr. Kimme\- — What is the difference,
in your experiince, between the 3-band-
cr and the golden?

Dr. Miller — .\s I said before, the gold-
ens vary so much it would be hard to
answer that directly. Some of them
are one kind and some of the goldens
are another. They are a variation from
the pure stock. I do not count them as
pure. There may be black blood in
the golden stock, in the leather-colored
variety, or in the 3-banders. I would
not expect to find any black blood in
them, although possibly there might be
some there, and the thing has got where
I do not see how we are going to talk
about what pure queens are. If you
have golden stock with $ bands, and
then get a little black blood mixed in
and cut down to 3 bands, then you can
not say 3 bands is a sure sign of pure
stock.

Mr. Wilcox — What is your standard
of purity, then?

Dr. Miller — I haven't any.

Mr. Lyman — I don't know that I am
correct in this, but it has seemed to me
that there is quite a little difference in
which way the cross is made, whether
you start with an Italian queen or a
black queen I think in my experience
that the black queen- cross, from an Ital-
ian drone with a black queen, produces
a gentler bee than the other cross.

Mr. Sewell — I hate to hear the golden
queen slandered here. I would like to
speak right out in meeting and say
where the golden queen comes from, and
you will know what I am talking about.
A golden queen from one breeder and
one from another are different. If I
say it comes from Doolittle, you know
what it is. That queen led the yara,
after coming from New York State
by mail; but this year a leather-color-
ed queen led the yard. And so it is — one
year it may be one, and another year
another. But those golden queens have
decided advantages. One is finding the
queen; another perhaps is gentleness;
and those golden bees crossed with
some of the other blood are very prolific.
In managing and manipulating them,
getting hives for them, etc., I have an
idea that the S-framd hive would be
very much better for them than the
10. I have had leather-colored queens
from about 5 different breeders. Some
were not good for anything. Some have
been very good. They are very prolific.
They lay, all the year round, more than
the golden, but they lay in the spring —
they just fill the hive all at once, while
the golden queens will lay right straight
along through the year. Two years ago
the flow was a gradual one all through
the year, and tli.it is the reason I think
the golden prculuced more honey than
the other bees, whos*^ queens laid tb-
hive full of egss all at once, and then
later on perhaps were a little scant with
their brood. But I would like to hear
more of an expicssion, or, if the thing
was reliable, I would like to know just
exactly which t!:'- best bees are.

Dr. Miller — I ii;U you will never learn.

Pres. York — ^ ui will have to read the

advertisements, and then try yourself.

Mr. Sewell— 1 have read the adver-

tisemenf;. I have had queens from at
least 8 breeders; I do not know but
from more. It is a very interesting
study to me, the more different fraits
from different breeders, what I can pro-
duce and what I can get from the dil-
ferent kinds of queens. 1 can not al-
ways get the same thing even from the
same man, of course. A golden queen
has very decided advantages on one
side, and perhaps the darker varieties
have advantages on the other side, and
it depends largely on the year, the
honey-flow, etc., just which kind is
wanted, and you can not always tell
just what it is going to be beforehand.

Plain Section or Bee-Way?

"Which is the better, the plain sec-
tion or the bee-way section?"

Pres York — How many prefer ths
plain section? Raise your hands. None.
How many prefer the bee-way sec-
tion? About 10, I think. Do you
want to say anything about this?

Pres. York— Why do you prefer the
bee-way section over the plain? I think
Mr. Taylor raised his hand on that.

Mr. Taylor— Yes. One reason is that
they are at least as good as \ plain, and
I do not have to change.

Miss Wilson— They are easier handl-
ed.

Mr. Abbott— My reason is that you
have to have less traps. I do not use
separators. I could not use a no-bee-
way section without a separator.

Dr. Miller— Why are they easier
handled? Miss Wilson has handled a
good many of both kinds.
^ Miss Wilson— When the plain sec-
tions are filled right out plump to the
wood you are apt to break the honey
in scraping them and getting them ready
for market; and if they fall over, as
they tumble over easily, they are more
apt to break.

Mr. Taylor— Let me ask Miss Wilson,
if they fall over, as they evidently are
bulged a little, and the comb strikes-
is that what you mean?

Miss Wilson— Well, it may not be that
they strike that, but there may be a
little something on the board that may
fall on to them, just a little tiny bit.

Mr. Taylor— In regard to cleaning
and packing them, if that was the case
the combs would touch.

Miss Wilson— Yes, I think they would,
perhaps. You have to be very careful.
Mr. Taylor— It always seemed to me
—I have never tried them, I don't want
to try them— but it always seemed to
me that there would be "more or less
difficulty in that way, that thev would
be slightly bulged and interfere 'in pack-
ing.

Miss Wilson— But in handling them
and scraping them you are so apt to
put your finger in them. When you
handle a great many in one dav it is
quite a drawback.

Dr. Miller— You say when they fall
over. Do either fall over?
Miss Wilson — Yes, sometimes
Dr. Miller— Which one falls easier?
Miss Wihon— The plain section.
Pres. York— When I was in the honey
busmess I handled a good deal of honey
in plain sections, and they were put in
shipping-cases just the same as the
others, but I did not notice any scrap-

520

American ^eeJournal

June 13, 190V

ing of the combs in pulling them out.
Of course, in a shipping-case they are
very close together, but you can begin
to take them out with a knife-blade.
They are put in without separators,
but I could put my knife-point in and
lift them out.

Miss Wilson — I have often wondered
how they got them out.

Dr. Miller — These differences refer to
the separator rather than the bee-way
sections. Those sections as first made,
and as I used them, were the same
width as those that had a bee-way or
notch at the sides; but the difference
was made by making the separator —
a wood separator — 3-16 of an inch.

Pres. York — A slotted separator.

Dr. Miller — No, a wood separator 3-16
of an inch thick, which left room for
the bee in at the bottom.

Pres. York— Slatted then?

Dr. Miller — Yes. The section was a
plain section, but in order for the bees
to get into it they must be spaced apart,
and the spacing was made in the separa-
tor. You could not use them without
the separators. As you use them now,
as I understand it, and I think I am
right, the spacing must be in the sepa-
rator.

Pres. York — They do not use the
plain separator. They use the fence
separator.

Dr. Miller — The question is raised as
to how to get those sections out of the
case when they were packed in solid.
One way is to turn the case upside down
carefully and dump the whole thing out.
There would be no breaking in that way.
That is a little awkard. Another way is,
suppose your case holds 12 sections, put
in II sections, leave one space vacant
with a little bit of separator there packea
in, and you can open that one. I am
not insisting that you shall use the
plain sections, but I am trying to tell
how those things may be done. After
using a number of thousands of them
I prefer the old-fashioned bee-way sec-
tion. But let us be fair with it. There
is an -advantage which the plain section
has. I remember a good many years
ago seeing Mr. Heddon stand up here
and talk about sections with separators.
At that time he had a super in which no
separators were used at all, and he said,
"You take the section that has been pro-
duced with the separator. It has a lean
look." And that is a fact. The plain
section is plumper looking than the
other. I am not sure that I think of
any other advantages now, but I do
think we ought to be entirely fair to
the plain section, and this is a one-
sided business ; ■ those who prefer the
plain sections ought to be allowed to tell
us why they prefer them.

Mr. Taylor — Just let them tell.

Mr. Lyman — Doctor, you mean the
plain section of honey looks plumper?

Dr. Miller — Yes, it looks plumper. It
it filled out fuller at the end.

Mr. Thompson — If paper is put
around any section in a case it can be
lifted readily, and that gives room for
each of the rest.

Pres. York — I think we all understand
that the shipping-case as made today, has
a follower-board at the back and a wedge
or paper is put back of it so they can
be readily taken out.

Miss Wilson — In the cases that were
sent to us there wasn't any space al-
lowed. They just fitted tight.

Dr. Miller — I would like to hear the
views of those who prefer the plain sec-
tion.

Pres. York — Nobody voted in favor
of the plain section.

Mr. Kannenburg — I do not care much
for the plain section, but I like to see
the looks of it, and in one way they are
nicer to clean than the bee-way section.
I handle both of them, and I have no
trouble at all to get them out of a ship-
ping-case or out of a super, because
there is always space enough so that
you can bend, turn a little on the side
to take hold with the fingers. As far
as the cleaning of the plain section goes,
there is not so much propolis as there
is with the bee-way section. You do
not have to go into the corners so much
with a knife to clean the corners out.
The beeway sections are all filled with
propolis in the corners, every time, and
it takes twice as long to clean one
super with the bee-way section as it does
with the plain section.

Miss Wilson — I do not agree with
you.

Mr. Kannenburg — Another thing I
like, if you put the bee-way section and
the plain section on the table before
a customer, every time he will take the
plain section.

Mr. Kimmey — I did not vote on this
question, because 1 did not know any-
thing about the bee-way section. My
little experience has been with the plain
section. As for taking them out of the
case in packing, I have never had any
trouble. Even before I produced any
honey myself, or had my bees produce
it, it always seemed to me that the
plain sections were preferable. I drop
into Siegel & Cooper's and I ask them
what they are selling honey for, and I
notice the looks, and it always seems
to me that as far as appearance goes the
plain sections are ahead. I know you
come to weigh them there isn't the turn
of your hand in favor of one or the
other, and yet, as has been said, it al-
ways looks to me as if the plain had a
better look than the bee-way. I do not
feel qualifiea to speak for anybody else
as to which is the better. I wish I had
some of the bee-way myself, after hear-
ing these gentlemen talk, and this lady.
I do not want you to think because I did
not vote that I did not have any opin-
ion.

Mr. Taylor — I just want to say, with
reference to bee-ways, there are a good
many of these plain sections sold. I
have sold some honey that way. I have
one customer that I sold a ton to for

4 years, certainly each year, or perhaps

5 years, and he always says, "I can get
plenty of honey, but t like your sections
better." and he takes my honey on that
account. That is, that decides him final-

Dr. Miller — I would like to know
whether that is anything like the gen-
eral experience, whether dealers do pre-
fer it ordinarily. Have we any testimony
with regard to that, one way or an-
other?

Mr. France — Up in our State the deal-
ers almost invariably want bee-way sec-

tions. The large complaint is that the
other one looks nice, but there is not
room for handling, and they press in
with the fingers, and they are hurt by
handling.

Miss Wilson — The man to whom we
ship our honey said he did not want
any more plain sections.

Mr. Abbott — I think they have not
emphasized the main trouble. It is not
the section as it stands by itself that
bothers me. The old bee-way section
is all right. It is the traps that must
go along with it in order to use it. They
are frail and are easily broken up. You
can't clean them, and they are a source
of constant expense. I think our people
probably make as good fences as anybody,
but I throw away — well, I wouldn't say
how many out of every lot they ship me,
because they get broken, and I seldom
ship out a crate of hives to anybody but
what there is some complaint about the
fence separators being broken. You
can not handle the no-bee-way section
without the slotted separator, or the old
Armstrong separator which had a slot
in the bottom and made the finest look-
ing section of anything I ever saw. But
there was too much lumber in that bee-
hive— it cost five or six dollars in the
flat, and you could not afford to pay
that much. It is the things that are
necessary in order to use them that
make me object to the plain sections.

Dr. Miller — I must say that this is
really a great surprise to me. I try
to keep up with the procession and
know what is going on, and I read and
find that the plain section is away ahead,
that it is the thing to use, and then I
come here and find a lot of old fogies
who say that the bee-way section is the
thing. Their grandfathers started with
the bee-way sections and they are go-
ing on with them, and it seems to me
that somebody ought to do a little mis-
sionary work and wake them up and let
them know they are not up to the times;
that the plain section is what we ought
to have.

Mv. Taylor — Why not do the work on
the manufacturers of the plain sections?

Dr. Miller — ^Well, there is a point.
Seriously, it is a surprise to me to hear
the expressions here this morning, and
I would like to ask this question : Sup-
pose the plain section is very much bet-
ter than the other, there are two ways
for accounting for the apparent feel-
ing with regard to it here. One way is
to suppose, as I have already supposed,
that there are a lot of old fogies here
that don't know what they ought to
do. There may be two ways still. One
is that they are not old fogies, but they
never had testimony enough to make
them think it worth while to try the
plain section.

Mr. Lyman — Some of us have been
through the mill. Doctor.

Dr. Miller — I was going to say that
there is still another way, that they have
tried them, and, after trying them, they
believe that the bee-way sections are
better. I would like to ask how many
have tried both kinds. If you will al-
low me to see the hands — just keep them
up and let me count them — 12. Now
of those 12 I would like to ask two
questions. I know that I have an an-
swer to both of them, but I want to

June 13, 1907

521

Americaii ^ee Journal j^2£j^

get soinctliiiig definite. How many of
that 12 prefer tlie bee-way section? Let
me see the liands — 8. How many prefer
tlie plain section? 3, How many do
not care whicli? I.

Mr. Abbott — Let me tell you another
thing. Out of ID carloads of goods sold
down in Missouri, we will sell probably
a wagon-load of plain sections — not
more in 10 carloads.

Mr. Kannenberg — It might be that
they like the bee-way section because
they started in with it and hate to
change to the plain. It costs money to
change.

Mr. Taylor — I want to have the Doc-
tor put another question. If a man is
producing tliousands of pounds of comb
honey and has to handle it, that is one
thing. If he is producing 200 or 300
'pounds, that is quite another. I want
you to ask these 3 gentlemen here who
have voted in favor of plain sections,
how mucli comb honey they handle.
Dr. Miller— Will they kindly tell us.
Mr. Thompson — A very small amount.
Perhaps 2 tons would be the most in
any one season.

Mr. Pease — 40 tons.
Mr. Blnme — The lowest I ever had
was 2 tons.

Dr. Miller— Let me state that it still
remains a surprise to me.

Pres. York — Maybe you are easily
surprised. Doctor.

Dr. Miller — I am not easily surprised.
Mr. Arnd — My experience is the same
as Mr. Abbott's, about selling sections.
We sell, I think, almost 10 bee-way sec-
tions to I of the plain.

Dr. Miller — My reading makes me be-
lieve that the plain sections are ahead
as to number, and as to qualitx'.
The Members — No ! No !
Mr. Taylor — Doctor, you have read
enough and written enough to know
that there is not much dependence to
be put on printing! [Applause.]

Dr. Miller — There is another point.
There are a good many bee-keepers
who have commenced lately, and they
want to take up the best thing. Here
is Mr. Kimmey, he is a man who is
looking out for the best — he reads, and
he knows that the plain sections are
away ahead, and he takes the plain sec-
tions. He is pleased with them. He
doesn't know anything about any others.
I don't blame a man of that kind for
thinking that the plain section is the
best. Now the question is whether we
are doing the right thing not to try
to let the whole truth be known. The
whole truth is not known on that.

Mr. Lyman — I started with the plain
and I shall use the bee-way hereafter.
Mr. Whitney — I do not know any-
thing about the plain section, but Mr.
Abbott says that he sells very few of
the plain and a large quantity of the
bee-way. We lose sight, I think, of this
one fact, that the plain section has just
been introduced, and it takes time, even
if you introduce a good thing.

Pres. York — -Especially in Missouri!
Mr. Abbott lives in Missouri, you know.
[Laughter.]

Mr. Whitney — I think it is hardly fair
to say that the plain section is not as
good as the bee-way because we do not
sell quite as many of them at the pres-

ent time, li i,d<es time to introduce
a good thing — we all know that. I
don't know anything about the plain sec-
tion. I have not used anything but the
bee-way. Some old bee-keepers up my
way, who are interested a little in bee-
keeping, got the plain section. They do
not like them, but they are using them
because they have a supply on hand.
'I hey think th.it the fence separator is
such a frail thing and breaks up and
annoys them a great deal ; but I think
that if the time ever comes when we
get a fence separator that will be sub-
stantial— and I think that will come —
they may be regarded as the best sec-
tions to use.

Dr. Miller — If you will allow another
question, it will help bring out the
point that Mr. Whitney makes as to the
time required. That is true. It takes
time to introduce a new thing, and a
good thing. Now the question is. Is
the number of plain sections increasing
regularly through this time? Will Mr.
Arnd and Mr. .-Xbbott tell us?

Mr. Abbott — \o, sir. It is the people
who have tried them who object to
them the most. I send them out once
in a vvliile to in'ople as samples in the
hives, and they always say, "Don't send
me any more of those traps."

Mr. Arnd — I have not had real ex-
perience enough in the bee-supply busi-
ness to know, because I have been in it
only 2 years.

Mr. Abbott — I have been in it 20
years.

Mr. Kannenberg — The fault is this : I
find with the plain section that you can
not produce as much honey as with the
bee-way section, because the bees have
to fill out the combs on those sections,
but they won't get as much honey in it,
because when you weigh one super, and
then the other, you will have less honey
and more wax, more wax to draw out,
more comb to draw out. It takes a
longer time for the bees.

Dr. Miller — I don't believe it.
Mr. Kannenberg — Doctor, you take a
super full of plain sections, and take a
super full of honey in the bee-way sec-
tion. Which will have the most honey
in it?

Dr. Miller — Do you have separators
in both ?

Mr. Kannenberg — Yes. You will have
more honey in the bee-way section than
you will have in the super full of plain
sections, every time; and it is because
of the drawing out of the comb.

Mr. Wilcox— I have a little evidence
that bears on this question, although
since the fence separator came into
fashion I have discontinued producing
comb honey ; but I have judged honey
at the State Fairs in recent years, and
I invariably give the premiums to the
no-bee- way sections. Noticing that fact
myself, I began to inquire of exhibitors
as to the conditions in the market, and
so far as I can learn nine-tenths of them
prefer the no-bee-way sections ; that is,
that they sell better on the market —
the plain sections; that they look bet-
ter and sell betu-r. and I am sure that,
for some reason which I do not .un-
derstand, they looked better to me on
exhibition, and I save them the premium.
They were betl r tilled out.

Mr. Kimmr\--Will Mr. York give us

his opinion, founded on his experience?

Pres. York — I have not used very
many, but I like the plain section bet-
ter for cleaning. I have had the same
experience as Mr. Wilcox in judging
at fairs.

Mr. Kinimcy — How about the sale?

Pres. York — I do not think it makes
any difference in the sale, not from my
experience in the groceries in Chicago,
when I was in the honey-business.

Mr. Kimmey — I would like to hear
from Mr. Pease, too, both as to the
requirements of the trade, as to bee-
ways and no bee-ways, and as to the
quantity of honey.

Mr. Pease — I find that the groceries,
as a rule, make very little distinction
as to a matter of preference between
the bee-way or no-bee-way section. The
grocer in Chicago buys his honey by
weight, and sells it at so much per sec-
tion. They do not want a honey full
weight, but the consumer who goes to
the grocery store to buy honey — you put
a plain section and a bee-way section
side by side, and 9 times out of 10 he
will take the plain section, even if it
weighs less than the bee-way.

Mr. ]\Ioore — The grocery trade wants
a section weighing 12 or 13 ounces, and
12 or 13 ounces looks vastly better in a
plain section than in a bee-way sec-
tion.

Mr. Whitney — I have two styles of
bee-way sections. I have a big super
that belongs to the old Gallup hive, and
it takes a section 4%x5%, and I think
if you place a section of that kind by
the side of a plain section they will take
mine every time. It will look larger
although it is not quite as wide, but it
is a little taller, I believe, judging from
the appearance, of course. You take a
4%x4% bee-way section and it looks
lower, and they decide in favor of the
plain section because it is tall, but you
take the bee-way section that is as tall
as the plain section, and I think they
will take the bee-way section, every

time.

(Continued next week.]

Why Not Advertise ? — There are many
dealers in bee-supplies, and tliose who have
bees and queens for sale, who are not now
advertising, that might increase their business
by advertising in the American Bee Journal.
The rates charged are very low, as will be
seen by referring to the second page of this
number. During the next 6 months will he
done the bulk of the season's business among
bee-keepers. Why not begin at once to lee
the readers of the American Bee Journal
know that you have something to EelU Our
advertising columns are open only to those
who will give their patrons " a square deal."
If you are in that class we will be pleased to
have your advertisement in our columns.

Getting New Subscribers for the

Bee Journal is something that almost any
reader can do if he makes a sincere attempt.
No one knows better than does he its value
to every would-be successful bee-keeper. And
we offer valuable premiums, to those of our
present readers whose subscriptions are paid
in advance, for the work of going out and
getting new subscriptions. Your neighbor
bee-keepers perhaps have never heard of the
American Bee Journal, although it is now in
its 47th year. Why not try to get them to
subscribe? You may be surprised how readily
they will do so upon your invitation.

522

June 13, 1907

American IBee Journal

Worcester Co. (Mass.) Bee-
Kespers' Couveutlon

The second annual meeting- in an In-
stitute with the State Board of Agri-
culture was held most successfully in
Horticultural Hall, Worcester, on Sat-
urday, Feb. 16, 1907. At 10:30 a.m.
the meeting was called to order by
Pres. Burton N. Gates, who introduced
Hon. J. Ivewis Ellsworth, Secretary of
the State Board. Upon invitation Mr.
Ellsworth presided at the morning
session. After a few remarks on the
conditions of bee-keeping, and the
progress it has made the past few
years, Mr. Ellsworth presented Mr.
George W. Adams, of Byfield, Mass.,
who gave the address for the Board of
Agriculture. His subject was, "Prob-
lems in the Intelligence in Bees." This
subject, while not so much before the
American bee-keeping world as before
the European, was most admirably
presented. We are inclined to be dog-
matic in things of bee-life ; it does not
pay to be so. We are also likely to
surround the activities of the hive with
mysticism and magic. But these are
not the spirits of the true investigator.
Mr. Adams did much to strip off the
old garb of the subject, and present it
in its truest light.

One fact which Mr. Adams empha-
sized, is that the bee has intelligence.
By this he would not imply faculty of
reasoning in the sense we think of the
term, but rather as an intermediate be-
tween mere machine activity and rea-
soning as we view it. In proof Mr.
Adams gave illustrations and quota-
tions from his long experience as a
bee-keeper from his reading.

Dr. James P. Porter, of Clark Uni-
versity, Professor of Psychology and
Student of Animal Behavior, followed
Mr. Adams in discussion. Dr. Porter
could but commend the address of the
previous speaker. He also pointed out
that we are too prone to allow our own
— our human — emotions to enter into
the reading of animal behavior. In
this state, unlike the true attitude of
the scientist who looks at things in a
matter-of-fact, more-or-less-cold-blood-
ed way, we are not inclined to judge.

Investigations show that bees have
memory. A bee may be intoxicated
by a stimulant in the food, and made,
thereby, to forget its way and bearings.

" Bees are intelligent rather than
reasoning. They work in accord with
their experience. The dog, trained to
do tricks, will start to walk on his hind
legs around a table ; but when out of
sight will drop to all fours, coming to
his hind legs when he gets in sight on
the other side. This would appear rea-
soning to take advantage of the mas-
ter. But analyze the matter : How
was the dog trained ? When the truth
of the matter is learned the dog re-
ceived, every time that he came to all
fours behind the table, a morsel of
meat ; whenever he failed he got no
meat. In this case, superficially look-
ing like cunning and reason on the
part of the dog is really a matter of
training, of experience. So it is with
most animal action, though not always
purposeful, or even conscious, on the
part of the trainer. This does not
show reasoning on the part of the dog.

but is rather the result of remembering
that if he does an act in such a way he
will be rewarded. Science calls this
intelligence : it is this kind of intelli-
gence that the bee acquires."

After the morning session there was
a banquet in the dining hall. Nearly
100 sat down to the dinner, and the hall
was filled with the merry din of bee-
keepers, each telling the other of his
fine crops, the superiority of certain
honey-flows, what he will do next sea-
son, and a multitude of other bee-keep-
ing tales.

The afternoon session, presided over
by Pres. Gates, was called to order at
2 p.m. The first speaker was Dr. Fred
Kuhlmann, of Clark University. Dr.
Kuhlmann, likeDr. Porter, is a student
of psychology, and has made some
quite unique investigations of bees, the
results of which we believe have never
been made public before. This ad-
dress, without the curves and tables
which Dr. Kuhlmann used to illustrate
his talk, is not satisfactory, and is best
not to attempt to report.

The pith of Mr. Kuhlmann's paper
was the " Rhythm of Daily Activity in
Bees," and results from watching
marked bees for a season, 20 minutes
per hour, 24 hours per day.

It will suffice to say that work was
done not only with the worker-bees,
but also with the queen and the drones.
The results are not in accord with the
proverbial " busy bee" theory. If the
Doctor is right, the bee, individually,
works but a very small portion of the
day. The busy appearanceof the hive
is due to a little work by a great num-
ber rather than from much work by a
few. We hope this paper may soon be
published with charts and tables.

The next speaker was Mrs. Florence
Richardson, of West Medford, Mass.
Mrs. Richardson is Secretary of the
Massachusetts Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, and spoke on "A Woman's Ex-
perience with Bees." She is a most
practical " bee-master." She says that
she has tried nearly everything recom-
mended by others, and now has the
profit of much valuable experience.

Mr. Charles H. Goodell, of Worcester
an old-time bee-keeper, read a paper on
" The Importance of Bees to the Fruit
Crop.'" While the writer did not pre-
tend to be giving any startling dis-
covery, he emphasized the importance
of complete fertilization of apples and
strawberries, and of the fruits. It is
well known that the apple ovary is 5-
parted, and in order to insure a well-
filled out apple, must receive no less
than 5 fertilizations. The strawberry,
too, is an aggregate of a great number
of ovules, and, in order to develop well,
must receive some 300 pollen-grains.
This work of fertilization is largely
the work of bees.

Mr. Arthur C. Miller spoke for mod-
ern investigation in bee-keeping. In
part he said: "Bee-keeping is very
little advanced from what it was 1500
years ago. At that time, in the Sicil-
lian Isles, it was much developed in
advance of all other parts of the world.
We can not make progress if we relig-
iously cling to the tradition of our
fathers, and do not attempt to investi-
gate doubt.

A general discussion followed the

reading of the papers. Single-walled
hives, covered with tar-paper instead
of air-spaced, or the miserable chaff
hive, were advocated by Mr. Miller.

It was concluded that the long sec-
tion-bos is a more salable shape than
the older square one.

The interest of the session was so
great that it was 5 p.m. before we ad-
journed. Reporter.

Honey as a Health-Food. — This

is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains a short artiele on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses-Of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2oent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for |1.25;
250 for $2 25; 500 for U.OO; or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

"Songs of Beedom."— This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs- words and
music— all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year-
both for SI. 10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

The Sixth Annual Report of the

Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Association has
iust been issued, containing 176 pages. Its
'contents, besides considerable miscellaneous
matter, are the 1906 reports of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers' Association, the National,
and the Chicago-Northwestern. There are a
number of very fine engravings of apiaries,
the lilinois State Capitol, etc. Cloth-bound
copies were issued for the members of the
Association only, and will be sent out as long
as they last to any who become members on
the payment of Sl.OO to the Secretary, which ■
not only secures a cloth-bound copy, but
membership in the State Association one year,
and the same in the National Association. A
paper-covered copy of the Report will be
mailed to any one who sends 15 cents to the
Secretary to pay postage and wrapping. We
think the Sixth Annual Report is as attrac-
tive and instructive as any we have ever
issued. General Manager N. E. France says
concerning this Report; "It is a credit to
all concerned in getting it out."

Jas. A. Stone, Sec.
Route 4, Springfield, 111-

Our ^Vood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 30 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year— both for -Jl.lO.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

June 13, 1907

|| •*^^^rV'

.,^m

Aimv'ic^n ^ee Journal

V,

ocfor MillerJs

Send Questions either to tbe ollite of the Ameriean Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
' Dr. Miller does nut answer Questions by mall.

STARTING IX BBE-KBBPING.

The Saturday Evening Post ot May
25 contained an article upon "Quitting
the S'treniious Life," which spolce
favorably of bee-keeping as a means
to that end. The author, Mr. Forrest
Crissey — and 1 say by way of paren-
thesis that 1 am a bit proud of the fact
that so excellent a writer was a pupil
of mine in the days when I wns
"schoolmaster" — the author, made men-
tion ot my name in such a way tliat a
small deluge of letters has come to me
with inquiries upon the subject. To
answer by mail is out of the question,
and I am sure it "will he mucli bettor
for me to answer in this department, as
very nearly the siMne ans\\^er will apply
to all. and I can thus answer quite
fully.

\\ isely, nearly all inquire as to a
book of information, and some inquire
where, and at what price, the book.
"Forty Years Among the Bees," can be
obtained. You can get it by sending
to the publishers of this paper, George
W. York & Co., one dollar. That book
gives in detail just how I manage my
bees, as well as I know how to tell
it, but I do not advise it as a sole book
on bee-keeping. If you get only one
book on bee-keeping, you can not go
amiss to get "A B C of Bee Culture."
"L,angstroth on the Honey Bee," revised
by Dadant, or Cook's "Manual of the
Apiary." Either of these you can get
from the publishers of this paper bv
sending $1.20. They are written in
easy, non-technical language, easily
understood by one with no knowledge
of the subject. Then if you want to get
"Forty Years Among the Bees" as a
companion book I have no objections to
otter. Some make the mistake of think-
ing that a montlily or weekly publica-
tion upon bee-keeping is all that is
needed. The periodical is all right
along witli the book, bi't if .\ ou .-.ui
have only one, be sure it is a book. The
book gives the foundation knowledge
.that you need, and the periodical keeps
you up to the times.

As soon as you get your book, go to
work reading. Some things, very
likely, you will not understand. Don't
worry; skip the hard places. Very
likely they will be easier on second
reading. If you are a subscriber to
this paper, this department is at your
disposal, allowing you to ask any ques-
tions you like. This department, how-
ever, is not intended to take the place
of a text-book, but to supplement it,
pnd when you have given your book
the second faithful reading you will
probably find there are still plenty ot
things you want to ask questions
about. Indeed, one of the beauties of
bee-keeping is tiiat you never get to
the end; there are always fresh ques-
tions arising to keep alive the keenest
interest.

No. I don't sell bees, and if I did you
shouldn't buy from any one so far
away. Railroads generally will not
carry bees as freight except in car lots,
so you would have to pay expressage.
and that's fearfully expensive. Y'our
better way is to Ijuy from some one
close at hand, so as to save expressage.
By inquiring you are likely to learn
of some one within a mile or so who

will deliver them to you. If you can
have delivered to you a colony of Ital-
ian bees in a movable-frame hive for
$10.00, you ■\vill do well. But you
needn't be so very particular about the
kind of bees or of hive. -After you have
studied your book you ought to know
how to get into a good movable-frame
hive a colony out of any kind of a
hive, or even out of a cracker-box or
nail-keg. You ought also to know how
to change in C weeks' time from poor
scrub stock to Italian blood by paying
out only a dollar or two for an Italian
queen.

Prices vary a great deal. I said you
would do well to get good blood in a
good hive at $10.00 a colony, but you
may happen in some neighborhoods to
get the same for $7.00 or $S.OO. For
Impure blood, especially in poor hives,
you may pay $5.00 or less. Y'ou'll ha\e
to pay the going rate in your neighbor-
hood.

If you canrot buy conveniently near,
and have to send to a distance, then
get a 2-framo or a 3-frame nucleus and
let it grow. In that case one advantage
is that you ::an have pure Italians to
start with. -At any rate the expressage
will be much less for nuclei than for
full colonies. If you buy at a distance,
you will likely find in this number of
ihe American Bee Journal an adver-
tisement of a good place to buy.

That leads me to speak of reliability
of advertisers. One ot you asks if a
certain firm selling hives, etc., is re-
liable. Entirely so; and what's more, I
don't know of any of the firms doing
business in that line now that are not
reliable.

"Ti'hat is the b^st hive?" Well, .-i hcr-
will gather the same amount of nectar
in a day whether its home is a gilded
palace or a naii-keg. 'Ihe clv^ice ui
hives is rather a matter of convenience
f,-,,- the bee-keeper than for the bees.
Certainly you must have a movitle
frp'^-K^- hivf. -inri nnp of the simrilest ^^
well as most popular Is what is called
the dovetaileu line, the same as the
writer uses. If you are going to work
for extracted honey, get a 10-framo
dovetailed hiv.-. If you're going to
work for comb lioney — it takes more
skill to run for comb honey — you will
still do better to have a 10-frame hive,
unless you mi an to give a great deal
of attention to the business, in which
case it may be better to have an 8-
frame hive.

May or June is a good time to buy,
the farther south the earlier. Still you
can begin any time during "warm
weather.

"How many colonies shall you start
with?" If you have money to burn,
you can start with 100. and then the
likelihood is that you will be out of
business insitl'/ of ^ year. For most
people perhars 2 colonies is the best
number to bCL:i:i "^'ith. You can have a
lot of fun v.-i;l! a single colony, but
there are a-lv.intages in ,having 2.
In any case, vi'-'^^e don't think of start-
ing with mo;-, than 6.

Now you \vil: not feel hard toward
me for not viriiiiig you a private letter,
will you? I wnld hardly have got all
this stuff int' ' privat i letter, and I
get so man\' 1- tt-^rs all the tinT^ about
bees that the only way I can do is t)

treat all alike and an.swer them In
print. Hut don't let that deter you In
the lea.st from asking any question
to be answered In this department, pro-
vided you are a subscriber. It not, bet-
ter send your dollar to the publishers
at once for a year's subscription and
enough more to get a bee-book.

usixG <'I(ooki-:d combs

HONEV.

WITH

What fiw bees I had died out last
winter, and they left some combs with
honey in. I Intend to send for a nu-
cleus in a few days, and I want to give
the honey to the bees when they get
here. The combs are In bad shape —
too crooked to use. How would It do
to put them Into the hive with a
dummy between them and the bees,
or is there a better way?

Minnesota.

Answer. — Your plan is all right if
you will look out for two things; one
is, that you must not let brood be
started in these crooked frames, and
the other that you must not let robbers
get a start. Have the entrance very
small, and don't let it open into the
part where these combs of honey are.

TIPPER MICHIGAN FOR BEE&.

Is the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
good for bees?

Answer. — I'm not too sure about
exact localities, but I know that In
what is called Northern Michigan there
are locations that are excellent; the
pine lands being burned off and wild
raspberry and flreweed coming '-
abundantly.

in

L\TE FEEDING OF THIX SUGAR
SYRUP.

The statement of F. L. Day, page
433, that he always feeds his bees all
the syrup thev need of half sugar and
half water after Sept. 20, and that last
fall he finished feeding Oct. 1, and no
trace of dysentery resulted, certainly
comes to me as a surprise. Of course,
something depends upon how much
Mr. Day means when he says his bees
"are fed all the syrup they need. If
each colony needs only half a pound
to a pound, then there would be no
harm expected. I take it, however.
that Mr. Day feeds a considerable
fiuantitv. However safe it may be for
Mr Day thus to feed, in the face ot re-
ports of other cases in which results
were disastrous, it would hardly be
wise in general to advise such late
feeding of thin syrup.

WTESARING A B3E-VEIL.

You say in "Forty Years Among the
Bees" that you wear your veil so that
it can be pulled down over your face
at a moment's notice. Do the bees al-
ways give you the moment's notice?
Mine didn't the other day.

Iowa.

Answer. — Y-es, I think it's pretty
fair to say that I never fail to have a
moment's notice. Well, hardly evei-.
If I were to be compelled to go and
open a hive at- this present moment. I
would have more than a moment's
notice to pull down my veil. You see.
I don't need to have notice from the
bees always. Just now the fact that
it is raw, cloudy, and cold is notice
enough before I leave the house. "O'hen
weather is fit to work at bees, it some-
times happens that the first notice I
have that my veil ought to be down is
when a bee stings me; but that doesn't
often happen. Either. by the way the
bees appear in the hive or in the air,
I generally have time to pull down my
veil before I am stung. In fact, unless
bees are very good-natured I generally
have my veil down anyhow.

524

AmericaiTBae Journal}

June 13, 1907

PUTTING ON SUPERS.

1. When you commence to put on
the supers for comb honey, would yoi'
examine the colony as to signs of
swarming?

2. Would you leave in the hive
combs containing- brood, or take them
out?

3. What would you do with any
combs that do not contain brood,
whether in the brood-chamber or be-
low it or above it?

4. Would you take out all combs
found in the brood-chamber and put
frames in the place that have only
starters. Indiana.

Answers. — 1. Generally no atten-
tion is paid to the matter of swarming
when supers are given.

2. In most cases no change is made
in the brood-chamber at the time of
putting on sections. But in the case
where more than one story has been
given, all but one story will be taken
away at the time of giving sections.

3. I'm not sure whether I fully un-
derstand your question. At any rate,
on general principles, I may answer
that in some cases combs without brood
are left where they are, and in some
cases taken away. If taken away, they
may be used where needed for other
colonies, and if not needed at once
elsewhere, they may be stored in some
safe place a^vv'ay from the bees, al-
though safer from moth if piled up
over colonies "U'here the bees can care
for them.

4. If I understand this question cor-
rectly it is already partly answered in
answer 2. If for any reason full combs
are to be replaced with frames that do
not contain comb, it is generally con-
sidered advisable to have these latter
entirely filled with foundation, so that
the frames may contain no drone-comb.

out the combs, put them in a basket,
or other receptacle, with enough sticks
between the layers of combs to pre-
vent crushing the bees. Be sure to get
all the comb cleaned out, so there wiU
be no attracti.on for the bees to go
back to the' old place, and to make
more sure daub where the combs were
with carbolic acid. Let the basket
hang till evening, so all the bees will
be settled in it. Of course you will
use smoke, and the work should be
done at a season when bees are gather-
ing or there will be a bad case of
robbing.

2. Yes.

3. You can take them away the
same day or evening, just as soon as
all the bees are settled, and there will
be a decided gain in thus taking them
to a distance, for it taken only a short
distance the bees would return the next
day to the old place. Taken after
dark, the bees will stick to the basket
without fastening, or you can sew a
sheet around them. When you get
them to their new place (better wait,
though, till next morning), you can put
the bees in a hive, doing as you like
about putting part or- all of the old
combs in frames.

MAKING THE T-SUPER.

entirely sure about a thing till you
try it. , ..

2. I don't see any reason why it
might not work. No nectar coming in-
to the rear hive, it might be necessary
to supply water in one of the combs.

3. It would be- likely to work all
right it the rear liive were removed in
about 3 or 4 days.

4. If I understand you correctly, the
bees are not yet working in supers,
and an emptv super is to take the
place of the front hive. Certainly that
would not do tor sections, for pollen
would be put in them, if not brood. In
any case the plan you propose would
not prevent swarming.

5. If I remember rightly, no queen
is to be found with the Davenport
plan, so the Lyman plan can not be
the same. I very much doubt if many
would use the Davenport plan if it
were published.

I made a T-super on trial, but I am
stuck in putting in the staples. You
say: "Put the middle support exactly
in the middle of the super, measuring
inside." But I don't make that spacing
come right. My supers are 18% inches
long inside and sections i'A x i'/i bee-
way. Now suppose I put the tin ex-
actly in the middle and a section on
each side of it lengthwise, then an-
other tin on each side, and another
section on each side. This leaves a
space on each end. What should be
done with those spaces, and where can
we nail the flat tins? It seems hard
work to get us to understand all there
is about the T-super.

Michigan.

Answer. — Your supers are too long.
Nail in one end a board % thick, thus
reducing to the right inside length,
17%. Arrange to have the middle T-
tin at the middle of this inside length,
and the other two T-tins midway be-
tween the middle T-tin and the ends.
The flat tins that support the sections
at each end of the super are nailed
directly on the bottom edges of the
ends, the super of course being turned
upside down while being nailed. In
your case one of the flat tins will be
nailed on the block that is nailed into
the end.

If this doesn't make all clear ask all
the ciuestions you like.

REMOVING BEES FROM
CORNICE.

A HOUSE-

THE LYMAN METHOD OF SWARM
CONTROL.

CLIPPING QIEENS 5-BAND OR

GOLDEN BEES— WEIGHT OF
COLONIES, ETC.

1. I have 2 colonies in the cornice
of a house. How can I get them?

2. Can I take them away several
miles?

3. When, and how?

SoDTH Dakota.

Answers. — 1. It isn't the easiest
thing in the world. Y'ou must have a
ladder, scaffold, or something of the
kind to get where the bees are.
Enough of the boards must be cut
away to expose fully the combs. Cut

On page 411 is given the Lyman
method of swarm control. I wish to
ask you a few questions in relation
to his manipulations with his double
bottom-board.

1. Would it do not to remove the
queen from the rear or old hive for a
day or two. as the larger part of the
bees would then be in the new hive,
and thus make it easier to find her?

2. How would it do to introduce a
laying queen in the new hive and let
the old queen go on with business in
the old hive, sending her bees forward
into the new hive until her supplies
were exhausted, and thus have 2 queens
to supply the one hive so long as the
old queen could hold out?

3. If one wanted increase, how
would it do to introduce a laying
queen into the new hive and remove
the old hive to a new stand? How long
before the old hive should be re-
moved?

4. Suppose the honey-flow is on, and
the bees are slow to enter the supers,
how would it do to substitute a super
or two of sections, or an extracting
super, in place of the new hive, and
then in a day or two place the old
hive back on its stand and the supers
on top, with plenty of room? Would
not this manipulation prevent swarm-
ing'

5. Can not some of our most ex-
perienced bee-men see through Mr. Ly-
man's double bottom-board the key
with which to unlock Mr. Davenport's
chest of secrets of which he spoke a
few years ago, but failed to reveal?

Many bee-men doubt whether Mr.
Davenport made the discoveries he
claimed. Let that be as it will, I be-
lieve the very things he claimed to
have discovered will yet be revealed
to us. We have the key already in
our hands. Illinois.

Answers. — 1. It probably would
work, but hardly so satisfactorily.
There would be no brood in the front
hive, nothing to make it seem like
home to the bees except what was in
the super, and the bees would not be
so well contented without either queen
or brood. If, however, the finding of
the queen in the full colony seems too
serious a matter, you might compro-
mise the matter in this way: Without
paving any attention to where the
queen is. put 2 frames of brood with
adhering bees in the front hive. Three
days later vou can tell by the presence
of "eggs in which hive the queen is. If
she is not in the front hive, find her
and put her there, and put the 2 brood-
frames from the front into the rear
hive. If she is already in the front
hive, all there is to do is to change
the 2 frames of brood. I think this
ought to work; but you never can be

1. Are bees more likely to kill a
queen after her wings have been
clipped, if you have taken her in your
fingers, than they are if you clip her
wings without handling her?

2. Does it happen very often that
the bees will kill a queen after being
clipped in any way?

3. When you get a queen for the
purpose of introducing, is it not a good
plan to clip her wings before putting
her into the hive?

4. Are 5-band or golden Italians just
as likely to be good honey-gatherers
as the 3-band?

5. How much should a colony of
bees weigh, hive and all, at the time
of packing for wintering on the sum-
mer stands, to be sure of plenty of
stores for winter? Suppose the hive
weighed 21 pounds without bees, honey
or comb.

6. How much should the same col-
ony weigh the next spring when pollen
is first carried in. to be reasonably sure
of its coming out strong?

7. Do bees get much pollen from
the "sugar" or hard maple?

8. What color is it?

9. I use full sheets of foundation
in my Danz. brood-frames without
wiring. It gets a little wavy. Will it
straighten down with the weight of
the bees after it is in the hive?

10. "rtliich. if any, of the following
blossoms do bees get honey, or nectar,
from: Chestnut, beech, birch, oak. syca-
more, wild cherry, and strawberry?

Pennsylvania.

Answers. — 1. Probably they are if
there is anything about the scent of the
fingers disagreeable to them. But I
have held hundrecls of queens in my
fingers when clipping them, without
any bad results.

2. I think not.

3. Yes; if there is any possible dan-
ger of the bees being unkind to the
queen at the time of clipping, that dan-
ger would be obviated by caging her
immediatelv after the clipping; and of
course she is generally caged for intro-
duction. A good rule as to the time
of clipping is to clip a queen the first
time you can conveniently, after you
know she is laying.

4. There are some very good gather-
ers among the goldens, but take them
as a whole the 3-banders probably

5 and 6. It's a trifle dangerous to
answer questions of this kind. A colony
sometimes will go through the winter
on a much lighter weight than others,
when there's no apparent reason for
the difference. It I give the lightest
weight that will ever do, some one will
let all his colonies go at that weight,
and will lose most of them by starva-
tion before spring. There may be a
large quantity of pollen in a hive,
which will be of value the following
spring; but the extra weight of the
pollen will not help any in wintering.
Again, there is no small difference in
locality and location. There is, also, a

■June 13, 1907

American l^ae Jonrnalj?^y ^

difference In winters. If I must kUt
an answer to your (luestion. 1 wnuNi
say tliMt to (JO throuKli the winter the
weight shouUl he not less than 15
pounds on the suninier stands. Hut it
would not be at all advisable to go
into winter iiuarter.s on that basis.
The wise thluK Is to have enough to
last throuKli the sprhiK. and .l.'i or ilii
pounds would be a belter mark. That
would Ilki'ly allow it to weigh about
■l.S pounds at the beginning of spring
pollen.

7. They do In this loealily.

.S. It might be called light yellowish
with a tinge of gri'en in it. Possibly
nitu'c green than ^-ellow.

fl. It is not liki'ly to straighten.

10. I think they gather from chest-
nut, wild cherry, and strawberry; I
don't know about the rest.

Well-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Coolt's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as sood as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
<3ueens from imported stock.

Cook'!« Square Honey- Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of HiTes, Bees, and useful Implements.

J, H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.

17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

For Sale

quire of
22A4t

50 to 75 cases of two
5 gallon second-hand
Cans each. Clean and
in good shape. En-
C. BECKER, Pleasant Plains, 111.
Please mention the Bee Journal,

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting- to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog —
free.
W. D. SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, Hlch.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Bee-Suppli^M and BerrT>Boxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
toKether, send me list of goods wanted, and let me
quote you prices, I give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Bend for (Catalog.

6Etf W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Hentlon Bee Jonmal when wrltlnK-

QaeeDS of Moore's
Strain of Italians

Produce workers that fill the supers, and are
not inclined to swarm. They have won a world-
wide reputation for honey-gathering^, hardi-
ness, g"eatleness, etc.

Mr. W. Z Hutchinson, editor of the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review, Flint, Mich., says: " As workers,
I have never seeu them equaled. They seem
possessed of a steady, quiet determination that
enables them to lay up surplus ahead of others.
Easier bees to handle I have never seen."

My queens are all bred from my best long"-
tongued S-banded red-ciover stock (no other
race bred in my apiaries), aod the cells are
built in strong" colonies well supplied with
young bees.

PRICES: Untested Queens, 81 each; six, $5;
doz.,$9. Select, untested, $125 each; six, $6;
doz., $11.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Descriptive circular free. Address,

J. P. MOORE. Queen-Breeder,

24Etf Rt, 1. MORGAN, KY.

HeMtloB Be* Journal vrlieB vrrltlas.

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from CataloK*— 1907:

Cbas. Dadaat ><!: Son, HamiUoD, III.— Tbls Is tbe Smoker we
recommend above all others.

i>. li. Lewis Co., WatertowD, Wis. — We have Bold these Smok-
ers for a good many jcars and never received a aincle complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone (Its Inside of the cup
so that tbe liquid creosote runs down inside of tbe smoker.

All Bineham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
18112, and rj08," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine — largest smoker made 11.50 — 4 Inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 — S^ "

Conqueror — right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large — lasts longer than any other 90 — 2}^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 6.^—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-oflice free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham i; lletberiagton Uncappiag-Knife.

T. F. BINGttflM, Farwell, MiGtl.

Patented May 20. liT).

BEST ON EARTH.

ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

I have 50 colonies of all Italian .J. L. Strong
stock and Quirin's. All are in good condition
in new Danzenbaker hives. Price $4 .50 per
colony f.o.b. here. Satisfaction guaranteed.
BKRT GANDER,

2:3A4t PANORA, IOWA.

3-Banded Italian Queens

J. p. Moore or my own strain. My apiary
is stocked with thousands of choice drones
that are not kin to my breeding queens.

ijueens, .*1 each; ilozen, $10

I guarantee satisfaction, and superior
honey-gatherers. W. M. Parrish,

23Atf R. R. No. 8. Lawrence, Kan.

29 Years Means QIEEIS Quality

100 pounds to the colony in a poor year,
like last, and 280 to tbe colony the year before.
My Italians are non-swarmers. Every queen
purely mated or money back. Circular tells
of Italian and Caucasian.

8Etf A. D. D. WOOD, Lansing, Mich

Jig Profits in Capons

(Japonizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50.
Icape Worm Extractor 25C

Poultry Marker 256

.French Killing KnKsctM
Capon Book Free.
Arch8t..Phiiaiielphia Ak

WON
TOOLS

G.P PUUnB&SonCo„

Meal eive-Tool-"Best on the Market"

Bee-keepers have long needed a special tool to aid them in properly manipulating the
hive-parts during the bee-season. Tbe one sbowD here does the work to perfection.

{This picture is exactly one-half the size.)
DESCRH'TIiiN.-The Ideal Hive-Tool is made of higti-izrade malleable iron, much like wroueht iron,
smncheBloni: Tlie middle Dart is 1 1-16 inches wide and 7-:« thick. The smaller end is l'^ inches long, >i
inch wide and 7-32 thick, endine like a screw-driver. The larger end 19 wedge-shaped, havinii a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect tor prying up supers. as it does not mar the wood.

What Some Bee-Experts Say of It.

Louis C. Dadant (son of C, P. Dadant) wrote us May 10, 1907: "Tour Hive-Tool is
certainly the best on the market, and after having used one of them no bee-keeper would do

without it." , „ ,, ^-. ^

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's " Forty i ears Among the Bees," page 58, he

says: " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muenob tool." On Jan. ~, 1907, he

wrote us, saying he thought " lust as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller'sassistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool: "It is an ideal

tool. In fact, I ilon't see how it could be improved upon. 1 am sure we would feel utterly

lost in the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its

worth." „

The "Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will uiail an Ideal Hive-Tool FKEE as a premium to any present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a
year at $1.00 ; or we will send the American Bee Journal one yeaf and the Ideal Hive-Tool
—both for fl.Jn. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents.

aEORQE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

II T

In every conntry tHe snccessM aiyertiser is tlie continnons aivertise" "

June 13, 1907

American ^ae Journal

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Hueeiis

The Famous
Honey-
Producers
1 am booking orders now for April, May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens — equHl to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices:

Tested Queens SI. 00 each ; ?10.00 per doz.

Warranted" 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 • " 5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Sablnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Gcods in Michigan

Let us quote yt u price& oa Sections. Hives,
Foundation, etc , as we can save yon time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., iVIicli.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Oader now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 1 00; six, 15.00. Tested, $1,S0 up.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO, ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, 111.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
reared in full colonies.

One Untested Qneen $ .90

" Tested Queen 1.10

" Select Tested Queen 1.40

" Breeder Queen 2.20

" Comb Nucleus Ino

Queen) 9S

*' Untested Caucasian

Qneen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Untested in May. Allothers
ready now from last t.eason^s
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and description of each
grade of Queen?, send for FREE CATALOG,
graaeo y ^ L. STRONG i

5Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clarimda, Iowa.

ftnoersGoldenBeayiles

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. .\ fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breedsr for $2.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,
SAHUEL n. ANQEL
20A13t R.R. No. 1, Evan-sville, Ikd.

Your Order for (Jaeens

will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Itilian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, ?1. 00
each; Untested Queens, 75 cents; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20At£ LOREAL'viLLB, Iberia Pa., La.

Heatlon Bee Joiir»«I whe» wrlttn*.

PRICES

i

BEE-SUPPLIES ■ I

J

PERFECT GOODS LOW

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee-Hives of all Isinds. Tiie Dovetail, Ivangstroth, Alternating,
and tiie Massie Hives, we malte all of tiiem. Remember tiiat iialf tlie
work and worry of your apiary is removed wiien you use our goods.
Every one Isnows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRET6HMER MFG. 60.. Council Blutts, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.i

Catalogs issued in English or German.

Mention Bee Joamal

vrhen

'<4

Ol TF^F^NI^ Caucasians. I aliens, Cyprians
V *-"-*■-* ^ *^ and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one extra
best select breeding Queen, $3.fKJ one best imported
direct from Caucasus. $4,50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One beat extra select breed-
ing. $2.00; one best imported, best Italian orCarni-
olan Queen. $2.50. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding, $2.fiO; one best imported direct from
Cyprus, $.3.50. Prices in July, August and Septem-
ber. r>0 cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for 5n and 100 Qupens. Caucasian. Italian,
Cyprian, and Carnlolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon, India, etc., $1 more.
B. HAUNSCHILD, the Queen-Breeder,

20A13t Weisabach b. Pulenitz, i. Sa., Germany.

3-Fraiii6 Italian Nuclei

3-frame Nuclei of fine Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at ?3.25 each ; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at S3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, U

i Do You Like to be
Stung?

What's the use wearing an old style
net bee-veil that blows in your eyes,
sticks to your face, and gives the bees
a chance to hand you a hot one ?

The Muth Ideal Bee-Veil

< 75 cents, postpaid)
keeps the bees at at a distance because
it is made of light indestructible wire
and strong cloth. You can see through
this wire as if it wasn't there ; and you
can smoke inside the veil all you want.
It can't catch fire.

If vou buy the has-been kind of veils

You Certainly ARE " Stung !

You get dollars of satisfaction out of it. No doubt
best-ever veil on the market.

Better send for one today — don't be a drone.

We're big people in all bee-supplies — ask for catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO

51 Walnut Street,

The Busy Bee-Men,

CINCINNATI, OHIO

Mention II e« Journal when vrrltlns.

June 13, 1907

American Vee Journal

A GREAT INPR0YEA1ENT

will be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
Tor 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been enRaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American liee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 3S
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Dept.B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years.J

Uentlon Bee Jonmal whea jrrttInK'

r Chicago, May 9.— Very little honey on the
market of any kind. Prices are therefore nom-
inal. A little choice white clover comb sold at
17c, and would bring that at present, but sup-
ply seems to be exhausted ; even with this scar-
city there is no demand for No. 2 grades. Ex-
tracted, white, 7@Sc; amber, 6(a7c. Beeswax in
good demand at 32c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

CrNciNNATi, May 23.— There is no material
change in the honey market at this writing.
Extracted honey is not moving so rapidly as it
could, owing to the cool weaiher. We quote
amber in barrels at 5^@6Kc; fancy table honey
in crates of two 60 pound cans at 8{a.'ic. For
choice, yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are
paying 31c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, May 25.— The honey market
has been quite brisk for this time of the 3 ear.
The continued cold weather has made both the
comb and extracted honey sell much higher
than usual. A number of odd lots have been
cleaned out of the market. We quote: Fancy
comb, 14(gil5c; No. 1, 13(a:4c; amber, 12(<' 13c.
Fancy white extracted. 7@8c; light amber,
6@7c. Beeswax firm at 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser,

New York, May 21.— White ccmb honey is
practically cleaned up, and there is very little
demand at this time. There is some dark and
mixed comb on the market, but no demand to
speak of, and sc me of this will have to be ear-
ned over until next season, or sold at a sacri-
fice. Therefore we cannot encourage ship-
ments of off grades or dark honey at this time.
Extracted honey is In fair demand and prices
are ruling firm. There is very little new crop
arriving as yet from the South, and while it is
rather early, we doubt whether we will have
any large shipments from the Southern States
this season, as we fear there will be a short
crop, judging from the reports we are receiv-
ing. There is quite a good stock of last year's
crop still on the market, sufficient to last until
the new crop from various states arrives.
There is no change in price as to extracted
honey since our last. Beeswax firm and likely
to remain so for the next 2 months.

Hildreth & Segelken.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Uompleto stock for U)()7 now on band.

"'i!2?Ei:F«0M CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as most all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME. 'iTaZZt' ''""■

A Special Discouiit oii Early Orders.

QUEENS

Let me

book

Ordertor

I>Ar«S, and CAUCASIAI^'S.

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

bred in separate apiaries,
the««l,l»K.>|- VKI.-
I^UtVS, CAR.^IO-

C. H. W. WEBER ="'

Office and Salesrooms, 2146.-48 Central Ave. Warehouses: Freeman and Central Aves.

Indianapolis, April 12. — comb honey is not
plentiful, but demand is slack. Fancy white
comb bringfs lbig^l7ci No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
12®13c. Best grades of extracted honey brimr
8@9c; amber, ti(a.7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Waltkr S. Poudkr.

Toledo, May 3.— There Is very little demand,
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season of the year. Fancy white would bring-
in a retail way 16@17c; No. 1, lS@16c, with no
demand for dark honey. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees-
wax is bringing 28c.

Tbb Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, June 1.— The honey market is
almost bare of comb honey, and demand good;
receipts of extracted are light, and demand
light; wequ^'te: No. 1 white comb, 24-sectioa
cases, $3.25; No. 3, white and amber, $2.50(ii!{2.7S.
Extracted, white, per pound, Sc; amber, "©"Mc.
Beeswax, 30r, C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of both comb and ex-
tracted hooey. We have not snflScient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, f3; and good No. 2, *2,S0. White
extracted, SloSKc per pound; light ambe',
"^@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honry-Producbrs' Assn.

Cincinnati, May 21.— The market on fancy
white conib honey is entirely bare. No. 2 is
selling slowly at 12c. Extracted, light amber,
brings SH@bc. Beeswax is selling here at $35
per 100 pounds. C. H. W. Wbbbr.

FOR^ALE

1000 sixty pound CANS. A No. 1 condition,
packed two ia a case. Cases also first-class.
Will sell them cheap.

Michioan White Glover Honeu Go.

29 Woodbridge St., West,
24A4t DETROIT, MICH.

Western Bee-Keepers slow^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the besi liee-ware made.
TBE COIORADO llnNEY-PRODDCERS' ISS'S, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watir St. Chicago. III.

MentloB Be« Jonnal wka wilU—.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicoltnral Field more

completely than any other published,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

FOR HIS

"Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dlicoantt to tb« Trade.

P We will Buy and |
1 Sell i

sm

HONEY

^t of the different grades and kinds.

^1 If you have any to dispose of, or if

^H you intend to buy, correspond

^ffi with us.

for

We are always in. the market

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segellcen

26s & 267 Qreeowicb Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal (Then vrrltlnB.

528

June 13, 1907

American ^eeJournaJJ

Marshfield Bee-Goods

^

=$

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why] should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

DOVETAILED^HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat — nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads lo Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If you have notjyet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lengst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, £. S.
S. O. Bnell, Union Cit;.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,
Fairbnry.

CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury. Oat.

ARI^SONA- H. V. Ryder, Phcenix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony. -■

ILLINOIS— D.L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^:

47th Year

June 20, 1907

Number 25

THIRTY-TWO PAGE NUMBER

530

June 20. 1907

Americanize Journal

PrBLlSHEB WEEKLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY

116 W. Jackson Blvd., Ghicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
Sl.iiu a year, in the United States ot America and
Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, oO
cents a year extra for postage. Sample copy tree.

THE WKAPPBR-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is paid.
For instance, " decii7 " on your label shows that it is
paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION KECBIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for mcney sent us to pay subscription, but
chance the date on your wrapper-label, which shows
that the money has been received and credited.

fldverlising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times 5 per cent

13 " ...10 "
26 " ....20 "
52 " ...30 "

5pace Discounts.

100 lines.

500 " ,
1000 " .
2000 " .

. 5 per cent

.10

.20 "

.30 "

I -BEE-SUPPLIES^ I

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Dovetailed Hives, Sections, Section-Holders,
Separators, Brood-Frames, Foundation, Sniolcers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saying to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Beat Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnema Bee-Keeoers' SuddIu 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet island, No. 33. MINNI5APOLIS, MINN.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when wTltlnB.

HQW TO PAINT

Biigffies, farm wagons, fanning tools, barns, ontbniUlinas and

„„.ises often need painting. "Everybody's Paint Book," written by a thorougli-
4y practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting-.
It is designed for the special use of those who wish to do tbeir own painting-. U givt=

houses <

These rates are subject to either time or space
disconnts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.
Goes to press Monday morning.

- -•• —--- - "-" practical lessons in plain painting, varnishing, polishing. Staining, paper hang-

NatiOnalBee-Keepers' Association iBg. lfflf«°V,f *»^'„«*enovate fumitltre and gives many hints on artistic work

for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mixing paints for all purposes

If farmintr tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, ami

anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantial!-

'bound in cloth. A copy will b= sent postage prepaid on receipt of pncft

Objects of the Association

lat —To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
boDcy*

Annual Membership Dues, $1.00.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

$1.00

t^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

SPECIAL OFFERS

Bee-Keet)ers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

^^^"if^ TO

"Sis. '"'

'*" O WONT YOU BEE riY HOrCX

/*JNO CHEER THIS LONELY mE>RT?

For I WOULD hx you all the Tirtj
And we would nevea past

For $1.60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee Jo^'-°f o"?//";
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 118 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago. 111.

TENNESSEE-BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moores Long-Tongue or my own Goldens
Laws Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.
' After April Ioth.

from

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers.
The cuts herewith shew the card in reduced
size, and but one coloi , while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid: 3 cards for 10c (stamps
-< iBilver), or 5 free with the American Bea
:o«naloieyearatS1.00; 10 for 25c There
is a blank space on the card about 2x.!>^
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

QBORGE W. YORK & CO.
118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

Italians Before Julu 1st

' After Julu 1st

GflRNlOLftNS

1 GflUGftSlflNS

1

6

13

1

6

IS

1 6

12

1 ' '~

0

IS

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

S .75
1.00
1.50
2.00

% 4.00

5.00

8.00

10.00

% 7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

!$ .60

.75

1.25

1.50

$3.25
4.25
6.50
8.00

{ 6.00
8.00
12.00
15.00

% .85*4 50
1.10 5 50
1.60 S.50
2.10 10.50

$8 00

9.50

15.50

18,50

% .95
1.20

l.TO
2.20

$ 5.00

6.00

9.00

11.00

$ 8.50
10.00
16.00
19.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders JIO.OO

Select Golden Br-eeders ■ • 3.00

'■ 3-band " |00

" Carniolan " 3.10

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without qu*en In 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6-00

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
1 in this sec
17A4t 21Dtf

been in this section. ^^^^ ^^ DAVIS, Spring Hill, TeUll

Please Meotion the Americau Bee Journal

when writing
Advertisers

June 20, 1907

American Vae Journal

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

Full colonies, In up-to-date hives; Nuclei and
choice Queens.

Hcrxliisor Wax PrcHS an<l other IjovviN
Bec-SupplivH. Good (Joods uiid I'roinpt
Sliipiiient.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

tW" Kentl for liHt ot tmightly l»uni-
agre<l 4>oo<Im to select, from at Reduced
Pricew. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

531

OUEENS FOR YOU

(iolden, (juroiolan, Caucasian, and .1-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, 7.5c;
Tested, $1 On. I'riees on large fiuantllies oron
Bees givi-n on application. AddrcfiS,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINO CO.

JOHN W. PHAKR. Prop.. Berclalr. Tex«».

12Atf Please mcDtion the Bee Joaraml.

The Rietsche Press

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North ISS'i. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is makingiSections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Journal.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, *2;
Select Tested, $S. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Att JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

BEE # POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Hen." Prompt shipments

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. lEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for eithet, with instructions to beginners — Free.

C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., IndiauapoHs, Ind.

29Atf

For sale

Made of artificial stone. PractlcallT Inde-
atrnctible, and giving entirely aatisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylne
from the dealers. Price of Press (or L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Oiher sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press maklne the foundation directly on
the wired frames, t2.S0, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

«Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Meiit'->ii Bee Joomal when wrltlBs.

5<) to 75 cases of two
.5gallon second-hand
Cans each. Clean and
in good shape. En-
quire of C. BECKEK, Pleasant Plains, 111.
22A4t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MONETTE Queen-Clipping
Device is a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. FuU printed directions
Bent with each one. We mail it for
25 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premiom for sending us One
1 Ne'W subscriber to the Bee Journal
I for a year at $1.00 : or for $1.10 we
will mall the Bee Journal one yeai
and the Clipping Device. Address,

^ aEORae w. york & co.,

..„ . - CHICAGO, ILL.

" If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder.'

Established i88p

Full Value, and Then Some

By the Bee-Crank

It is the easiest thing- in the world to
make promises in an advertisement that
it is impossible to fulfill. Indeed, the
temptation to do so is so strong that it re-
quires care to avoid it. I have always
tried to lean toward moderation, rather
than exaggeration.

Instead of complaints of scant treat-
ment, I nave received from my customers
many letters like the following :

Peru, Ind.
Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.

Dear Sir: — In my capacity as distributing
agent for your Bee-Supplies I have been mentally
scanning the past. You have sent me value re-
ceived for every dollar that I have ever sent you,
and with each shipment some extras thrown in,
in the form of promptness, accuracy, care in pack-
ing, and so forth. I sincerely thank you for your
tokens of appreciation. You will please fill the fol-
lowing order. Very truly yours,

Geo. S. Demuth.

I would rather publish a statement of
this kind from an unbiased customer, tell-
ing what treatment he had actually re-
ceived than a dozen pages of promises.

Root's Qoods at Root's Prices. I

give you the advantage of freight-saving,
prompt, careful service, and quick deliv-
eries because of special shipping facilities
that are equaled by few cities in the
country outside of Indianapolis.

Send for my Catalog. It is full of illustrations
and descriptions of devices that interest the bee-
keeper.

Beeswax Bought. Highest market prices paid.
Send by freight or express according to size of
package, and attach your name.

W/<il-i-/at» ^ OrkuH^t* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
YYCliLd O. r^fJUUCl INDIANAPOMS. INDIANA

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

ROOT OBSERVATION HIVE

In recent years there has been an ever-increasing interest in
bees as a subject for nature study in the schools, and a correspond-
ing demand for observation hives to facilitate the study of bees at
work, without exposing the student directly to them, as is necessary
with ordinary hives. To meet this demand we offer several styles
and sizes of observation hives. These are made with skeleton frame,
with glass in sides and ends of the brood-chamber, and in sides only
of the super. Shutters are provided to cover the glass. These
shutters have brass rings to handle them by and brass buttons to
hold them in place. Brass hooks are also provided to hold the sev-
eral sections of the hive together. The hives are finished in the
natural wood, oiled and varnished, and altogether they are very
attractive in appearance. We furnish them regularly in 8-frame,
Langstroth depth. The super is fitted for the 4x5x1?^ plain section.
Hives are usually furnished put together and finished. We can sup-
ply material in the flat, but it is work for a cabinet-maker who un-
derstands his business to put them up, and we do not care to fur-
nish them in flat unless you order one complete as a model.

The bottom is no longer than the hive, and a covered extension is provided to lead the bees out-doors under the window-
sash or other opening provided. In the full-sized hive a colony of bees can be kept by a window the year round, or for only a
part of the season, as may be desired. The work of the hive, including the building of comb in the sections, can be watched

at intervals without opening the hive or disturbing the
bees. For work in the school-room before a class we rec-
ommend the one-frame hive. With the one-frame observa-
tion hive it is necessary to remove the frame of bees and
put in a fresh one about once a week at least, for the best
results. As a rule, arrangements may be made with a
local bee-keeper to provide a frame of bees each Monday
morning, returning at end of week.

We make one-frame observation hives for L. frames
or for Danz. frames and a row of sections above, or the L.
frame with a row of sections above. These are provided
with a wood case to slip over to shut out the light when
you are not watching the bees. We show this one-frame
hive and the case in accompanying illustration. This con-
j^ists of turned-wood corners with glass inserted in grooves
(in ends as well as the sides.

Observation Hive with Paneh Removed.

Ohservation Hive Inside a Room with Entrance under the
Raised Hash.

PK.ICE3-LjIST of OBSER.'VA.TION' KIVEiS

Observation Hive (8-frame), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass — and bees with queen $15.00

Observation Hive (S-frame), complete with super, including

frames, sections, glass — no bees 7.50

Observation Hive (S.frame), without frames 7.00

" Super " complete, with sections 2.50

" Hive " without super 5.00

" Brood-chamber, complete, with frames — no cover

or bottom 3.75

Observation brood-chamber without frames 3.25

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frame, no super, with

case 2.50

One-frame Observation Hive for Hoffman L. frames, no super,

with case 2.50

One-frame Observation Hive for Danz. frames, with super,

with case 3.00

One-frame Observation Hive for Hoffman L. frame's, with su-
per, with case 3.00

(For bees and queen in one-frame hive, add $3.00.)

One-frame Obsen'atiou IL

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered at the Post-OflSce at Chicago as Becond-Class Mall-Matter)
Publisheil Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by George W. York & Co., 11« W. Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 20, 1907

Vol, XLVn— No. 25

:diforial .A(ote*3i
md Commeiits

sa^

Invention of Movable Frames

The editor of the Far- Western Bee-Keeper
wields a facile pen, his matter and manner
both good, but surely he must have been nap-
ping when he wrote; " Dzierzon was the
man who first made bees build combs on
slats, and starters, which was the beginning
of the movable frame."

If credit is to be given for what was done
previous to the invention of the movable
frame by Langstroth in 1851, as " the begin-
ning of the movable frame," why not go back
to the "beginning" at an earlier date of
combs built on slats? In Dadant's Lang-
stroth, paragraph 2S2, occurs the following:

" The bee-keepers of Greece and of Candia
seem to have been the first to provide their
hives with movable bars, under which bees
suspended their combs. Delia Rocca men-
tions these, and gives some engravings of
them in his work, published in 1790. In 1838,
Dzierzon revived this hive and improved it."

Virgin Loafing on Her Wedding=Trip

The distance to which a virgin tlies on her
wedding-trip is a matter of practical impor-
tance, the question often being asked how far
it is safe to be from other bees to make sure
virgins shall not meet drones from them. It
has been advanced that by noting the length
of time a virgin is absent from the hive one
can figure upon the distance she has flown.
That this is not to be depended upon is shown
by the following testimony from Thomas
Johnson in the British Bee Journal :

In one case the queen, returning, missed
the board and settled heavily on the brick
wall, where she remained while I fetched a
hand-magnifier from the house and examined
her as she sat. Under the glass the drone-
trail (a silvery-looking filament) could be
plainly seen. The queen remained so long on

the wall brushing herself that I began to
think she was disabled, but on touching her
she took wing, and, after taking one circling
flight around the yard, she entered her own
hive, and is now at the head of an excellent
colony from which I hope to rear more queens
this season.

This experience is, I think, valuable, be-
cause it is evidence that when a queen is ab-
sent on her mating-flight, it is by no means
certain that she is on the wing the whole
time. While the watching bee-man imagines
her flying miles from home to consort with a
favored drone from a distant apiary, she may
be sitting preening her ruffied "feathers"
within his reach, but unnoticed.

Bees and Colors

(In another page in this number will be
found an article of much interest discussing
the color of flowers as related to bees, written
by Prof. Gaston Bonnier. It was sent by Mr.
Stadler Menhall, as a clipping from the New
Orleans Times-Democrat, and was, no doubt,
translated from the French. Prof. Bonnier
stands high in the council of bee-keepers in
France, and what he says is worth consider-
ing. He is not likely to antagonize the views
of such an authority as Sir John Lubbock
without thinking he has good ground for it.

The question whether bees go by sight or
scent is an interestiog one. When one ob-
serves the actions of would-be robber-bees in
the apiary, they will be seen sneaking about
cracks between hive and cover, where cer-
tainly they can see no honey inside, but no
doubt can smell it. Hut watch closely at a
hive where desperate attempts are being
made to break throiu^h, and while most at-
tention may be given to the cracks, one will
often see a cluster of bees attacking a solid
knot on the side of the hive. Sight, not
scent, evidently iti that case.

Look again at the bees upon the flowers.

Here is a flower that has just been rifled of
its sweets, and a bee comes along, looks it
over, and quickly leaves it without getting
anything from it. Was not the bee, in that
case, attracted by sight? Or was there just
enough nectar to attract by its odor, and not
enough to be worth spending time upon it?

It is quite possible, indeed probable, that
both sight and scent play a part, but the care-
ful investigations of Prof. Bonnier seem to
give to scent the chief part.

Metal Frame-Spacers

The chief objection urged against metal
frame-spacers has been that they would in-
jure the uncapping-knife. Producers of comb
honey have protested that it was unfair to
them, since their combs were never used for
extracting, to deprive them of the advantages
of metal spacers just because such spacers
might be objectionable when extracting. Now
comes Editor Root, who goes so far to think
it possible that metal spacers may even be
allowed on extracting-combs. He says (Glean-
ings, 754) :

The oft-repeated objection to metal spacers,
to the effect that they will interfere with the
uncapping-knife, exists more in the imagina-
tion than in fact. There are not wanting ex-
tracted-honey men who use metal spacers of
various sorts; and when we have talked with
some of them on the question whether they
dulled the uncapping-knife edge on these
spacers, they ridiculed the very idea. One of
them in particular made the remark that
"any one who would dull his knife on a
small projection at the end of the frame must
be a blundering manipulator." Unless some
one will actually testify that the metal spacers
make uncapping difficult atd annoying, let
us scatter this man of straw to the four winds.

" Bees Exterminating Bugs"

C. G. Chevalier sends the following item
with the above heading, clipped from the
New York Herald :

Professor S. J. Hunter, of the Entomo-
logical Department of the [Kansas] State
University, who, for the past month, has been
collecting and sending free to the farmers of
the Southwest, parasite bees to Kill the green
bugs that have been destroying wheat, re-
ceived a telegram to-day from Secretary of
Agriculture Wilson at Washington, asking
for full particulars of this work.

Professor Hunter replied that he had dis-
tributed 2000 boxes containing the parasites

534

June 20, 1907

^ American Hee Journal

to Kansas farmers with uniform good results,
but that a larger fund was needed to make
the work comprehensive and decisive. Re-
ports from Texas and Oklahoma are that the
bees have practically exterminated all the
bugs in those States.

The likelihood is that the item is substan-
tially correct, only the reporter in the case is
not an entomological expert. It is not likely
that any bee is a parasite, neither is there any
parasite in the case. Put "lady-bug" for
" parasite bee,'' and the story is probably all
right. It is well known that the larva of the
lady-bug is quite fond of green lice.

Taking Surplus in Olden Times

Dr. FoUenius says in Prak. Wegweiser that
the introduction of movable combs was the
beginning of taking surplus honey in the fall
instead of in the following spring. However,
that may have been in Germany, was it not
the custom in this country to " take up '' in
the fall, before movable frames were known?
The heaviest and the lightest colonies under-
went the brimstone ordeal; the heaviest be-
cause they had the most honey, and the
lightest bflcause they were not likely to sur-
vive the winter.

flews Items

.An ATcrage Honey Crop is now

promised for the orange-growing district in
Southern California. Mr. John Stewart, of
San Bernardino county, sent us the following
item taken from the Los Angeles Times of
June 5-

The honey crop, which is now being gath-
ered, is proving that this is an average season
for apiarists, although many cloudy days have
decreased the yield of nectar. There are a
number of apiaries in the vicinity of Red-
lands, and these first June days are busy ones
for the bee-men.

The season promises to be an average one
notwithstanding the cold, wet winter. The
fogs are as bad for the bees as rains, for the
insects will not work in the fog except in rare
cases.

The black sage of the canyons has been the
source of most of the honey gathered in the
past few weeks. This flower produces the
clearest and most delicious honey, which
brings the highest price. Next comes the
white sage, which makes just as good and
nutritious an article, but not quite so white.

The " Muth Ideal Bee- Veil" appears
again this week on page 5.58. It is put
out by The Fred W. Muth Co., of Cincinnati,
Ohio. The illustration shows the veil so well
that a description is hardly necessary. We
may say, however, that the center part is
made of very light wire-cloth, which is far
ahead of the common limp cotton or silk net-
ting which is so often blown against the face
so that the bees can easily get at you. This
Muth veil Is very cool and pleasant to wear.
We bespeak for it a large demand among bee-
keepers.

A "Pancake Turner" Comb Lev-
eler. — We have received the following :

Herewith I send a crude drawing of a little
affair that 1 think is the best comb leveler
that I know of. I have used such as have
been advertised, but do not think them as
good for the purpose as this. I discovered
this by experimenting.

Get a common pancake-turner, cut the sides
on a slant back to the handle, and round the
end of the blade slightly. This can all be
done with a pair of tinner's shears. Turn it
upside down so as to make a smooth surface

on the underside, grind the upper edge to a
bevel, and file fine, sharp teeth in it, and the
thing is ready for use.

After taking the section in hand place the
leveler in the bee-way space and vibrate it
from side to side. It will cut as neatly as the
reaper sickle does grain.

I send in a separate package some of the
clippings which will give an idea of the work
it does. I have used this for the last 2 years,
and am well pleased with it.

Some time during last year I sent a draw-
ing to the A. I. Root Co., and they seemed to
think it very good. I shall prosecute no one
for infringing upon my rights, if he should
think enough of it to try it.

My bees are doing splendidly in the way of
brood-rearing just now; in fact, many of
them are very strong. I have sold 2 colonies
for $10 each. Wm. M. Whitney.

Walworth Co., Wis., May 29.

This differs from the Taylor handy comb-
leveler in that it allows one to cut down ob-
jectionable surface of the comb wherever it
may be, without cutting down the whole sur-
face to the same level. Also, the whole work
is in sight, allowing one to know just how
deep he is cutting.

The Apiary of N. P. Anderson — We

have received the following from Mr. Ander-
son in reference to his apiary, which is shown
on the first page :

The picture of my apiary was taken during
the fall of 1906. It contained at that time 36
colonies, having increased from 15, spring
count. A part of the colonies were worked
for comb honey, some for queen-rearing, and
most of them for increase.

The honey crop of 1906 was very light, and
here in Minneapolis it closed with the bass-
wood, while a few miles from here, in the
country, the bees worked on white clover for
10 days after the basswood ceased ; this made
my honey-flow very short, and left many un-
finished sections; but those will come handy
as bait for this year. N. P. Anderson.

to have 115,000 readers — which contained the
following clipping, which I lake the liberty
to submit. I think it is stretched a little,
otherwise the climate around Preston, Minn,,
must be more suited for bees than anywhere
else that I have beard of. Here is what Mr.
M. V. Facey says in The Farmer:

"It is not possible to estimate accurately
the amount of income to be derived from the
honey-resources of the farm, but it is cer-
tainly much greater than our most extrava-
gant estimates. In proof of this I will pre-
sent a few facts as they have come up in my
experience.

" First example is a field of buckwheat of
only 5'4 acres, to which a yard of 30 colonies
of bees had access. No other buckwheat was
near, and the bees most clearly devoted their
whole attention to the only available field. It
was very much alive each forenoon, and the
bees gathered between 7.50 and SOO pounds per
acre therefrom, or an income from honey
alone of over .*40 per acre. Wild buckwheat
will often do as well.

" It has been estimated that a large, thrifty,
well-flowered basswood will fully supply a
colony during its flow, and I do not think the
estimate is out of the way. When clover is
secreting nectar, a field of 15 or 20 acres of
thick white or alsike clover will keep a good-
sized apiary going."

I will be listening with upstretehed ears to
hear what our " Afterthinker " thinks about
the Minnesota climate. I thinK even Mr.
Alexander, of New York, will think, and
even say, " That was a bumper report."

The weather here has changed to the bet-
ter— warm, nice weather all last week. We
had a warm, nice rain yesterday and to-day.
Chas. O. Berqstband.

As Mr. Facey is a reader of the American
Bee Journal, we would be pleased to have
him to tell us more about the report he sent
to The Farmer. Just what an acre of bloom
can be depended upon to yield in the shape of
honey is an interesting problem. It comes up
for solution quite frequently. Perhaps Mr.
Facey has the right answer.

Amount of Honey Per Acre.— Charles
O. Bergstrand, of Amery, Wis. .wrote us as
follows on June 10:

Editor York :— To-day I received a copy
of The Farmer— a Minnesota farm paper said

The Song of Songs

Poets write of honeysuckles, roses red and
lilies white.

Of forget-me-nots and bluebells, and of daises
fair to see;

But of all the flowers in all the world in which
men take delight.

The basswood and white clover are the sweet-
est far to me.

Artists paint the towering mountains with
their frozen caps of enow;

Picture mighty icebergs floating in the heav-
ing Arctic Sea;

But I love the springtime picture when the
earth is all aglow.

And the air is filled with fragrance of the
blooming apple-tree.

People rave of song of nightingale, of bobo-
link and wren,

Of the oriole and robin nesting in the shady
tree ;

But the song of songs — the melody excelling
birds and men —

Is the song of the homecoming, nectar-laden
honey-bee. C. H. Benson.

Bellevue, Mich.

Our W^ood Binder (or Holder) is
made to take all the copies of the American
Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail
for 20 cents. Full directions accompany.
The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as
they are received, and thus preserved for
future reference. Or we will send it with the
American Bee Journal a year— both for SI. 10.
Address office of the American Bee Journal.

June 20, 1907

American ^ec Joarnal j^

— — - — *

Conducted by J. L. Byer, Mount Joy, Out.

Queens in Supers

One of the things I could never un-
derstand, is 2vliy Mr. Dadant's queens
do not go into the supers where no ex-
cluders are used. Is it locality, race
of bees, or what ? Certainly it is not
size of hive, as the hive I use is con-
siderably larger than that used by Mr.
Dadant, yet th? queens will go into the
supers every time where no excluders
are used. As intimated, the majority
of my bees require supers at once, and
on Friday, May 24, the weather having
moderated a little, a super of brood-
combs was put on each of 4 very strong
colonies at the home yard. No exclud-
ers were put on, as I wished the queen
to occupy these combs so that they
could be used for nuclei later on in the
season. Friday night the weather
turned cold, and remained so till
Wednesday evening; yet on examin-
ing these supers on Wednesday— more
out of curiosity than anything else —
sure enough, the queens had estab-
lished a brood-nest already in the upper
stories, one colony having 3 combs
(Quinby dimensions) nearly full of
eggs. ^^ ^^

A Backward Season, Spring*
Dwindling:, Etc.

Friend Byer : — As the season ad-
vances (backward) in this locality,
prospects do not look at all promising.
The bees are doing just a little better
than holding their own. I am consol-
ing myself, however, that it will not
be necessary for me to buy a gasoline
engine to turn my extractor this sea-
son.

Feeding for Spring Dwindling.

I had a little experience with a case
of spring dwindling a short time ago.
The bees from several of my strongest
colonies were crawling in great num-
bers through the grass. I picked up a
few of them and found they were filled
almost to bursting with pollen. I ex-
amined these hives and found them
nearly bare of honey. When I com-
menced feeding, the "dwindling" dis-
appeared. I suppose the bees were
trying to eke out a living on pollen.
Evidently bees "can not live by (bee)-
bread alone."

Bees Moving Eggs or Larvje

I believe I had an example last sea-
son of bees moving eggs or larva;. A
colony with an extracting super over
an excluder swarmed. I hived the
swarm on the old stand, and during
the operation I happened to lift a frame

out of the extracting super where I
found 2 fine queen cells. There was
not another cell of brood in that super,
nor had there been. The combs were
built in the super from foundation,
and were perfectly white, except for
those queen-cells. Did the queen
squeeze through the excluder just to
lay 2 eggs, and then return to the
brood-nest 7

Careless Bee-Keepers.

I think fully 75 percent of the bees
of this locality are dead, and the most
of them went under this spring. I pity
the bees, but have mighty little sym-
pathy for the bee-keepers (?) who allow
their bees to die from neglect. I tell
you, Mr. Byer, we can work to get
laws to suppress foul brood, but when
we get laws to deal with careless,
heartless beekeepers, and weed them
out of the business, foul brood inspec-
tors will be a thing of the past. How-
ever, a poor season followed by a hard
winter probably does the " weeding "
far better than any law.

I hope you will have a prosperous
season, and that the present prospects
are not tellini; the truth for the bee-
keepers of Ontario in general.

H. A. Smith.

Palermo, Ont., May 27.

Yes, the season is certainly a record-
breaker. As I write (June Ist), we have
a fire going in the house as though it
were March instead of June. Apple-
blossoms are not open yet. and clover
is correspondingly late. Yet, for all
the bad weather, bees that wintered
well have more than held their own.
The majority of my colonies are as
strong as usual at this time of the year.
In fact, I hardly know what to do with
them in order to keep back swarming.

The weather has been so steady cold
that we have had only a few days fit to
open hives, I hesitated to unpack the
hives, and now find about one-fourth
of the colonies have queen-cells started.

The case you mention would seem to
prove beyond a doubt that bees do
move eggs and larva;-. Personally,
I have been convinced for some time
that such a feat was quite possible.

As to pollen injuring the bees, after
thoroughly examining the combs of
honey left in hives where our bees died
from dysentery last winter, I feel
pretty sure that too much pollen was
the cause of the loss, and that the
small quantity of honey-dew present
in the hives was only a minor factor in
the business. AH during the clover
flow last season the majority of the
bees coming in would have pollen, and
although the most of this pollen was
sealed over, yet with an exceptionally
steady winter, and the absence of a
suitable day for a cleansing flight, the
excess of pollen brought on dysentery
early in February. Most of the colo-
nies that perished left from 20 to 30
pounds of stores in the hives, and
when a portion of the comb is un-
capped the majority of the cells have
pollen in the bottom.

Please Mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

(T?

louthern _

'■^- '-"' '

Conducted by Louis H. Scholl, New Braunsfels, Tex.

Cheap, Suitable Bee-Veils

There are many kinds of veils, and
one is apt to titid this out if he travels
and visits among bee-keepers. But
there are good veils and bad ones. A
crude veil, much used, is that made of
wire-screen cloth, generally fastened
to the edge of the rim of an old hat.
To the lower edge of the wire-cloth is
sewed a width of cloth which falls over
the shoulders and is fastened so the
bees can not g^et in. For me, such a
head-gear has its faults. First, it is
rather bulky or heavy ; it is warmer
than some of the other veils, and the

screen-wire hurts the eyesight to a
great extent. It is also quite cumber-
some to take along from place to place.

I should prefer something that can
be folded up and carried in the pocket,
like the silk and cotton tulle veils gen-
erally listed in the catalogs. These I
have used for years, after trying many
kinds. There is an objection to the
material these veils are made of, how-
ever. The all-silk veil is rather more
expensive, and soon wears out. Those
made of cotton tulle obstruct the vis-
ion too much on account of the heavier
material. To remedy this, cotton tulle
veils are made with a silk face, a

536

June 20, 1907

American ^ae Journal

square piece of silk tulle being sewed
in the veil so it will come in front of
the wearer's face when worn. This is
the kind I have used most, but the silk
facing is not desirable enough, and
soon wears out, like that of the all-silk
veils.

Needing a number of new veils this
season, I looked around for some mate-
rial that would be better suited for the
purpose than the cotton tulle espe-
cially made for bee-veils— something
that would not interfere with the vis-
ion as much — and it had to be stronger
than the silk veiling.

The only thing "on the market"
was different grades of bobbinet, com-
monly used for " mosquito-bars," but
this material was "all white." The
prices ranged from 20 cents to 30 cents
per yard, the material being over 2
yards wide. The 20 cent material gave
me enough for 3 large veils for 30 cents,
or 1^2 yards. This made the veils long
enough to come well down over the
shoulders, which most of the finished
veils do not do.

Five cents worth of black diamond
dye made this white material as nice
for bee-veils as could be desired. After
coming out of the dye the piece of bob-
binet, still uncut, is stretched to dry.
This leaves the meshes large and open,
and the threads of the material well
stretched, making the finished veil
much more open to the eyesight and
cooler than the regular black cotton
tulle, more durable, and very much
less expensive than the silk veils.

A plain white cord is sewed in large
stitches in the end that comes over the
hat, and serves as a draw-string, tied
in a bow-knot to adjust to different
sizes. A rubber-cord or elastic may
be used, but it wears out. Nothing is
done with the lower edge, which falls
over the shoulders and is pinned down
to the front of the shirt with a large
safety-pin. My aim is to make these
veils " good enough," and as cheap as
possible, and I think I have accom-
plished this, as 35 cents worth of mate-
rial and a little sewing for 3 veils — a
dozen cost just $1.40, and a little more
sewing.

shallow hive a thorough trial that ever
went back to the Langstroth hive. Let
me say to that writer, that I do not
know what all the bee-keepers have
done, but I do know of a number that

have given up the shallow hive in dis-
gust, and W. Z. Hutchinson is one of
them. I could give the name of others
if it were necessary. L. B. Smith.
Rescue, Tex.

Shallow Hives

The plain, sensible way in which Mr.
SchoU has recently discussed the shal-
low hive, its advantages, etc., makes
one almost wish he had his bees all in
shallow hives. But the very thought
of having so many of these little shal-
low hives and frames to put up and
handle for extracted honey, to be the
equal of say one 3-story Langstroth
hive — well, what would we have to do
to rig up an apiary of say 100 hives of
this class ? Oh, I don't know ; it fairly
staggers me to think of it, Mr. SchoU.

With no desire to get up a hive dis-
cussion with any one, I would say to
the average beginner to go slow on
changing from the Langstroth hives
to the shallow hives. They are all
right perhaps for the expert bee-keeper,
but for the novice I would say, try only
a few, and then they will be used only
as supers on the standard hives with
9 out of 10 in less than 5 years.

It has been said by some writers that
they never knew anyone that gave the

The'

Old Reliable " as o^.^;. ^i^rough New and Unreliable Glasses,
By E. E. Hasty, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

That French Record of Swarms.

Like the proverbial dog barking at a
squirrel-hole, I incline to return to that
French record of swarms. It is of use
to us to fix the degree of temperature
below which we need expect only occa-
sional swarms. They fix it at 68 de-
grees. Only 11 percent swarmed when
it was cooler than that. Their bees are
more accustomed to temperature be-
low 68 degrees than ours are ; so we
are not likely to have more than 11 per-
cent below that figure. I have no
records of temperature with which to
compare.

They never could catch a swarm com-
ing out when it rained. Same here.
In my total experience of some 3000
swarms, I have had just one that got
on the wing juit before a misty, fine
rain began, in which water fell quite
fast. It was interesting to see that
they paid no attention to the rain — or
next to none— took their, own time to
cluster.

Another thing is the same here :
Wind has a very repressive influence,
although not entirely prohibitory like
rain and cold. Their finding is that
only 18 percent swarm when it is
windy. Don't believe the figure would
be quite as high as 18 at my yard ; but
of that I'm not sure. Manifestly Ihe
figures of this point don't depend
wholly upon the bees, nor yet on the
continent and nation. At a yard so
blest as to have no winds in swarniing-
time, the percentage would necessarily
be 0. And the yard with stiff breezes
every day would have a percentage of
100.

I do not agree with Mr. Getaz that
they vitiated their barometer observa-
tions by not observing the other points
of the weather in the same connection.
Something still left. Useful to us to
be able to say in the morning : " Ba-
rometer high ; this will be a swarmy
day — other things being equal ; or,
" Barometer low ; this is likely to be a
non-swarmy day, as compared with
other similar days.'' Page 391.

Some Things that Influence
Swarming.

Sunshine, cloud and shade are three
words to conjure with, and so they pro-
ceed to conjure with them. Just to say
things off-hand without records, I

should say sunshine is decidedly pro-
motive of swarming, and cloud some-
what repressive, but only slightly so if
the temperature is high. As to the
shade of trees, I think the total num-
ber of swarms is decreased but little
by it — such shade merely making the
swarms a little later in the month and
a little later in the day. Still a possi-
bility that I'm wrong in that, however.

Very likely, as Mr. Getaz suggests,
young queens in France would show a
less swarmy record were it not that
their hives are generally very small.
But still, I shouldn't wonder if our
folks have been overrating quite a bit
the repressive influence of a young
queen. Some ahnost want to say that
colonies with a young queen never
swarm. Here's a good point for our
boys experimentally inclined to strike
in at — and find out just how it is at our
house.

I should call the dictum of Mr.
Thibault, that no colony swarms when
there are no drones — I should call that
a pretty good-sized mistake. Success-
fully exterminate, and keep extermi-
nated, all the drones of a colony and it
would be more likely to swarm than if
left alone — if you let me judge. That
the colony that doesn't try to rear
drones will not swarm — I guess that's
probably so. Also another thing may
be so : If a colony's own drones are
all exterminated, some may come in
from other quarters. Of 10 such colo-
nies suppose you find S with quite a
sprinkle of immigrant drones and 5
with none. The 5 that immigrant
drones find it pleasant to stay in are
the ones that are intending to swarm,

1 guess. Or is this getting too far into
the domains of the fanciful 7

They found that 30 percent refrained
from swarming from hives with about
the capacity of a cubic foot, and 70
percent from hives with a capacity of

2 cubic feet. Just about what we
would expect over this side — but
swarmy locations worse, and some
locations better. Page 391.

Breeding Non-Swarming Bees.

That some colonies swarm them-
selves into tribes in the course of the
years, and some other colonies disap-
pear, progeny and all— that's one of
the least thrashed out. Perfectly cor-
[Continued on page 553]

June 20, 1907

537

Am^ricaii Hee Journal

r^

-wwnr- — t

flrfi. iasm

Nucleus Method of Increase

BY G. M. DO0I<ITTLE

A correspondent wishes me to give
him apian in the American Bee Jour-
nal whereby he can increase his 4 or S
colonies to as many as possible for
wintering- the coming fall. Well, here
is the way I have done something of
the kind in bygone years, when I was
anxious to increase a few colonies to
as many as could well be done :

I first get out boxes of suitable sizes,
according to the size of the colonies I
wish to make, holding from one pound
of bees up to 6 or 8, the latter being a
very large swarm. For ordinary nuclei
nothing is better than a 20-section
shipping-case nailed up, and leaving
off the side strips that hold the glass.
On one side of it, where the glass
would go, I permanently nail on a
piece of wire-cloth, and for the other
side nail a piece of wire-cloth the same
size as the first, to 4 strips of suitable
length, so these strips surround the
wire-cloth as a slate-frame does a slate.

Now, with 4 small wire nails (one in
the middle of each strip) I tack this
wire-cloth frame to the opposite side
of the box, when I have what I term a
" nucleus-box," one side of which can
be removed at any time with the blade
of my jack-knife. I next had a tin-
smith make me a very large funnel, 18
inches across the top, with the usual
slope of side, coming down to a 2^2-
inch upright, or outlet, which was
about 2yi inches long. Having the
funnel made I pressed the top together
from opposite directions till I had it
oval at the top about one foot wide and
22 inches long, in the diameter of the
two ways across the top. It was fixed
thus so as to collect in the bees better,
when they were shaken from the
frame, than would be done if left in the
ordinary shape.

1 then bored a hole in the top of the
nucleus-box, which would just let the
small or upright end of the funnel into
it, and over this hole I fixed a slide to
cover it when the bees were in and the
funnel out. In one end of the box is
fastened a section of honey, of those
that were not quite salable and left over
from the year before, the same being
held in place by a screw going through
the end of the case and screwing into
the section. This is for feed for the
bees should they be kept in the box
longer than the honey they take with
them lasts, as is quite often the case.
This completes the box and funnel
part.

I now boomed ahead as fast as pos-
sible the colonies I wished to increase,
by using any of the plans given in the
books for keeping them warm, stimu-

lating, etc., and as soon as one be-
came strong enough I prepared it for
queen-rearing, as I have given in the
bee-papers and in "Scientific Queen-
Rearing," continuing to rear queens
from this colony as was required ; for
queens can be so reared and not hinder
the colony from contributing its share
of bees for increase as well as the
others, as the queen is laying all the
time in it. This gets us along much
faster than where a colony is to be
made queenless to provide queens, as
is advised by most of the other plans
of rapid increase. With this plan no
colony is made queenless at all, but all
queens are kept laying at their best all
the time.

As soon as any of the colonies are
full of bees so they can spare bees
from 2 frames, or from half a pound to
a pound, and there are ripe queen-cells,
take the cells out and put them in the
queen-nursery to hatch. As soon as
the queens are one or two days old, go
to the hives which can spare bees, take
from each 2 frames, being sure the
queen is not on either of them, and
shake the bees from them down
through the funnel into the box, doing
this at about 10 a.m. Having the bees
in the boxes, set them in the cellar or
in some shady place where outside
bees can not get at the bees which are
confined, leaving them till about 5 p.m.

Now get a virgin queen for each box,
putting each in a cage having a stop-
per in it filled with queen-candy, so
that it will take the bees about half a
day to eat out the candy and liberate
her. Take these queens to the boxes
of bees, picking each up in turn and
suddenly setting it down, when all of
the bees will fall to the bottom, when
the funnel-hole is quickly opened, the
caged queen put down through it, and
the cage secured by means of a bent
wire clamped between the slide cover-
ing the hole and the top to the box.
Then close the hole, the cage hanging
about one inch below the under side of
the top to the box, so the bees can clus-
ter all about it while they are hanging
in a cluster, as they soon will be.

After the queens are all in the boxes
in this way, they are to be set away
where they can remain undisturbed
till near sundown of the next day but
one, or allowing the queen and bees to
remain a little more than 2 days in the
box, when the bees are found all con-
tented with their new queen, and hang-
ing to the top of the box like a swarm.

I now go to the hives that can spare
it and take as many frames having a
small amount of brood in them as I
have boxes of bees, shaking all the
bees off from each and replacing with
a frame of empty comb. Put one of
these frames iu a hive where you wish

your now colony to stand, together
with a frame of honey, or enough in it
to secure the bees from starvation, and
another frame of empty comb, placing
the one having brood in it in the cen-
ter Having each hive thus fixed, the
bees from one of the boxes are to be
put in each. To do this, lower the box
down into the hive near the outside
comb, and with a knife pry the wire-
cloth frame off enough so the bees can
run out freely on the combs, when the
hives are to be closed and the entrance
adjusted to suit the size of the little
colonies.

When the full colonies are strong
enough to take more bees from them,
get the boxes, now free from bees,
fixing them and proceeding as be-
fore. As the season advances one lit-
tle colony can be formed from each
decent colony twice a week, the colony
furnishing the queen-cells being equal
to any of them in this regard. If you
do not have the combs, frames filled
with comb foundation will have to be
used ; but in this case your progress
must necessarily be considerably
slower.

When the honey harvest arrives,
keep plenty of combs on the strongest
colonies, so that plenty of honey can
be stored in these for winter, and as
the season advances use more bees
each time in making the colonies ; and
when fall arrives, if you do not have
all the colonies you desire, and you
have plenty of combs of sealed honey
for stores which you can use, take bees
from several hives, thus forming a
strong colony at once, and hive them
on these frames of sealed stores. I
have so formed colonies in September
many times, and had them prove the
best of anj the next season.

With plenty of combs at one's com-
mand, 10 colonies in the spring can
easily be increased to 100 in the fall by
this plan without feeding, or any out-
lay in cash for queens or feed or any-
thing of the kind, and if the season is
really a good one some surplus can be
secured besides. But the success of
the plan lies very largely in not com-
mencing operations until the colonie^s
are strong, nearly enough so as to
swarm, and then not robbing them of
bees till they are too weak to work to
the best advantage, using few bees
for each little colony in June, and more
and more as you go along, thus having
all come up to full colonies in August
and September.

Half a dozen nucleus-boxes and a
funnel have become a part of my out-
fit in bee-keeping, and I use them
much more often than any one would
think, for with them I can handle bees
almost as well as could be done with
potatoes ; and they will stay where
put, when this plan is used, almost as
well as would the potatoes. With al-
most all the other plans of making
colonies or nuclei, the great trouble is,
that so many bees return to the parent
colony that the nuclei or small colonies
are so weak as to be of little value,
even if the return is not so great that
they are absolutely worthless.
Borodino, N. Y.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

538

June 20, 1907

Spring Feeding of Bees

BY EDWIN BKVINS

I have read with considerable inter-
est the articles by Mr. Scholl and Mr.
Dadant, relating to the spring feeding
of bees and the best kind of feeders to
use at that season of the year. Mr.
SchoU's arrangement has advantages
over the other fteders mentioned by
him, but my objection to it is that, like
the others, it takes the bees too
far from the brood-nest. This may not
be true to any great extent of the
division-board feeder, but I object to
its use for the same reasons as given
by Mr. Scholl. I want a feeder which
can be placed right over the cluster of
bees, which, in spring, is right on the
brood ; I want no space but a bee-
space between the tops of the frames
and the bottom of the feeder ; and I do
not want any bees to be made to crawl
up the outsides of any feeder in order
to pet feed from its open top.

There is no feeder so satisfactory to
me as a modified Hill feeder. The
make-shifts for the Hill feeder, men-
tioned by Mr. Dadant, will not do at
all for the man who has many colonies
to feed, as they take up so much time
in preparation for use. The quart Hill
feeder is the one I have been using,
but I object to it on account of its
depth, which prevents packing around
and over it sufficiently close to prevent
escape of heat from the brood-chamber.
A feeder, with recessed and per-
forated cover, half the depth and with
greater diameter than the Hill feeder,
is all right. Where to get the ready-
made shallow atmospheric feeder does
not yet appear. Not every tinner has
the machinery to form the cover out of
a solid piece of tin. Any tinner could
cut the regular sizes of the Hill feeders
down one-half too small in capacity.
I want a feeder to hold not less than
one quart, and incidentally I will say
that I use no Hill feeder without en-
larging a few of the perforations with
the point of a wire-nail. This, per-
haps, is not necessary where feeders
are new, but with long use it will be
found an advantage. Probably in or-
der to get the required form of the Hill
feeder, I shall have to get my supply
dealer to order some from the factory
where the Hill feeders are made.

The use of the Hill feeder in its pres-
ent form has enabled me to feed 100
colonies of bees since the middle of
March more satisfactorily, I believe,
than I could have done it with any
other f eider, but a shallower Hill
feeder would have saved me some work,
and, I think, have been better for the
bees, because I could have made the
packing a little tighter above them in
many instances.

Mr. Dadant's caution about using
rusty feeders may be all right for those
who feed when the weather is so cold
that the bees will not take down the
feed without leaving them on for sev-
eral days. I have fed in rusty feeders
many times in the fall, and have never
had a case of dysentery amongst my
bees. If the feed is given warm, and
the quilt and cushion are tucked down
closely around and over the feeder, the
feed is always taken within a few
hours after giving, if the perforations

American T^ee Joarnaij

are all clear. Sometimes a large num-
ber of them get clogged, and hence the
use of the hammer and wire-nail.

I will add here what may be a benefit
to some. I put supers of varying
depths on all of my hives in October.
These supers are sometimes the ones
used for 4'4 sections, sometimes half-
depth extracting supers, and some-
times full-depth hive-bodies.

I will also add, though not pertinent
to the subject, that I place 2corncobs
about an inch apart across the top-bars
of every hive. Over these, and cover-
ing the whole surface of the frames in-
side of the super, is placed a piece of
heavy burlap, and above this is placed
a gunny-sack, or any sack made of
cheap material, partly filled with chaff
from the straw-pile after the thrashing
is done.

When I wish to give feed in an at-
mospheric feeder, all I have to do is to
raise the back end of the cushion and
the piece of burlap below with one
hand, and shove in the feeder with the
other. It is done so quickly that the
bees do not realize what is going on
until all is over.

In the deep supers the feeders can be
covered very well to prevent the escape
of heat, but not so satisfactorily in the
comb-honey supers; hence I devised
a shallower feeder that can be packed
around and above easily in any saper,
and does not call for very much move-
ment among the bees in order to obtain
the feed.

At this writing (June 6) the winter
packing around my hives has not been
removed, and will not be until weather
conditions are less provocative of swear
words. These conditions have pre-
vailed here most of the time since
April 1st. The supers with chafif cush-
ions will be left on every hive as long
as feeding is necessary. With frequent
rains and warmer weather I think there
will be some kind of a flow from white
clover in the not distant future. In
the meantime there will have to be
quite a liberal " flow " of granulated
sugar and water, half and half. My
colonies now are not in very bad con-
dition to take care of a honey-flow.
Leon, Iowa.

The Bee's

Antennae
Color

Pollen

BY PROF. A. I. COOK

Mr. B , of Delaware, Ohio, asks me
to explain in the American Bee Jour-
nal how the bee finds the nectar in the
flowers, or how it is guided in its
search for what it desires. Of course,
the bee has eyes, and very remarkable
ones. All insects have the large com-
pound eyes, which are made up of
thousands of simple eyes in many
cases. Each of these simple eyes is
quite complex, being made up of sev-
eral parts, much as we find them in our
own eyes. They often have three sim-
ple eyes— or ocelli, as they are called—
which are well marked in all bees.
Thus we would expect that bees would
see well, and would use these eyes in
their quest for nectar, pollen, and
whatever they seek as they leave their
hives. We have reason to believe,
however, that bees are not so much

guided by vision as we should expect.
We know when we move the hives
slightly how the bees will come down
to the old place for days. They seem
to be guided by sense of direction, or
habit, and not by direct vision.

I have another case that seems to
show that their vision, rather than
sense of direction, guides in some
cases, but that it is often at fault. I
once lived in a house exactly like my
neighbor's, though the trees surround-
ing each were quite different. When I
would put honey on my back porch for
the bees my neighbor was annoyed by
swarms of bees on his similar and
similarly placed back porch. Tne bees
were obviously fooled, and returned to
the wrong house. Our company, and
that of our neighbor, often made the
same mistake.

I have no doubt but bees see well,
and use their eyes to their great ad-
vantage, yet in the hive where they do
much work they can not be thus
guided, as the interior of the hive is
totally dark. I much doubt, however,
if bees do use the sense much in the
quest for nectar of flowers or other
sweets.

Many insects like bees, ants, wasps,
moths, etc., have very delicately sensi-
tive organs of smell. The scent or-
gans are the antennae. Wherever we
find the antennae— the horn-like or-
gans appended to the head — well de-
veloped, we may be sure that the sense
of smell is pronounced. Male moths,
drone and worker bees, many beetles
and ants, have such antenna;. In all
such cases we may be sure that the in-
sects have need in their functional
activities to detect odors, that it may
be, in some cases, are entirely unper-
ceived by us. We have one large silk-
moth here, that when a female comes
forth from her cocoon, though the
room may be closed all but a slight lift
of one window, males often enter to
the number of 50 or 100. I have known
of just such curious entrances to rooms
twice in my life. I have known of one
case where a swarm of the male moths
were flying outside about the closed
windows of a room, when, upon exami-
nation, it was found that a female had
emerged from the cocoon inside. It is
authentically reported that in one case
males of these moths came down a
chimney through a stove, and into the
room from a stove-damper, when a
female had just come forth from its
cocoon in the room. If we approach
close to these moths we smell the pecu-
liar odor, but we must get close. Think
how wonderfully sensitive the nose (?)
of the male moths must be to detect
this outside the room with all the win-
dows closed !

Here in California we often note a
butterfly — Pyrameis cardui, or the this-
tle butterfly — going by countless thou-
sands in one direction. This migra-
tion often lasts for hours, or even for
days. In some cases we find that they
are going against the wind. The ex-
planation is not far to seek. There
are, without doubt, a thicket of thistles,
their food-plant, in some distant neigh-
borhood. The faint odor of the plants,
which we do not detect at all, is per-
ceived by the butterflies, and they are
impelled by a marvelous instinct to
seek the plants on which to lay their

June 20, 1907

American Hee Journal

^^=^afV^^ 1

eggs, and so their young — the prospec-
tive caterpillars — which they will never
sec, may have a comfortable larder.

The queen-bee Hies out to mate. It
is well that she be not away long. The
drones have a marvelous development
of the olfactory sense, and so are able
to find the queen very quickly. We all
know how quickly the queen mates,
and how short the time after she goes
forth when she returns bearing the
signs of having met the drone. In the
case of bees, the drone has much the
best antennal development of all the
bees, though the workers are not poor
in this peculiarity.

Now I think we know how the bees
find the nectar. The nectar has a very
attractive perfume. We have smelt it
here about the splendid orange or-
chards which have made all outdoors
deliciously fragrant the past few weeks.
The worker-bees perceive this odor,
and so hie themselves to the fields that
they may gather the tiny nectar-drop
which they transform to honey.

Our answer then to B. is, that bees
are guided to the harvest by odor
mainly, and find some aid doubtless by
%ight. It is probable that sense of
direction is no small aid to them in re-
turning to their homes after procuring
their load of nectar.

A word as to the structure of this
smelling apparatus ! It consists of
very numerous microscopic pits, each
with a peg at its bottom. Both pit and
peg are surfaced with a delicate mem-
brane. The more sensitive the sense
of smell the more of these pits and
pegs. Of course, it is necessary that
the antenna: should be kept clean.
Bees will, of necessity, get the an-
tennas dusted with pollen. Ants and
wasps will get the dust of the earth on
their organs of smell. The antenna-
cleaners on the front legs of all hymen-
opterous insects are admirably adapt-
ed for this purpose. I know of noth-
ing neater or more admirable in the
whole round of animal anatomy than
these antennae - cleaners. At some
future time I will explain how they
work.

Color of Pollkn.

While most pollen is yellow, yet it is
interesting to note the variety of col-
ors that we see by watching the bees.
We see yellow, orange, brown, black,
white, red, green, and even blue.

Claremont, Calif., May 10.

The Pearl Agnes Bee-Hive

BY PROr. EDWARD F. BIGELOW.

Tile Pearl Agnes hive was designed
by me iu 1905 and placed on the mar-
ket.

The body of the hive has five frames
with a total comb capacity of five-
sixths of two full-sized Hoffman
frames — that is, each is exactly one-
third that of a full frame (16% X8
inches interior). The frame itself has
somewhat the appearance of a large
section 5%X8 inches. It is supplied
with full comb foundation, or with a
starter across the end as may be de-
sired. The length (8 inches) of these
small sections is the same as the depth
of the interior of a Hoffman frame, and
the depth (5% inches) is one-third the

h'ngtii of the iloffman, so that three
may bo fitted into the length of a Hoff-
man, if placed side by side and on end.
The super is fitted with sections 2'/j
iiii-lies deep by 2 inches wide — that is,
one-fourth the size of the Danzenbaker
4X.') section, and hence it may be used,
if desired, in the regular Danzenbaker
super as "toy" or "samiilc" sections
(Fig. 2). These little sections, when
filled either in llie Pearl Agnes hive or
the regular full sized super, are con-
venient, dainty, attractive, and, to the
young folks, "just too cunning ifor any-
thing." They may be used as sale sam-
ples, or novelties 'for the table, or as
gifts to friends and to visitors at the
apiary. The femes of the super are in
the same form, but of smaller size than
llio regular feiu-es. The cover is shaped
like a gable and roof, so that, together
with the fanciful painting of the three
parts in three different colors, the whole
has the appearance of a doll's play-
house (Fig. 1). This effect is further
enhanced by the feeding-bottle (with
perforated cap) which extends down
through the roof, and is of the proper

length to project far enough to have as-
pect of a chimney (Fig. 1). The in-
ventor is in such hearty sympathy with
Old Saint Nicholas, and a magazine of
that name so full of good things for
the young folks, that it seems eminently
fitting that the honey-bees should get
their presents of sweetness — a la Saint
Nick — down the chimney!

The house-like appearance is further
increased by a neat label on the gable
end, in the place usually occupied by
the attic window.

The door is a swinging wire screen,
so that the entrance may be easily
closed when the hive is to be carried
from place to place for observation or
experiment, and when the professional
bee-keeper desires to take it to an out-
door apiary as an enlarged nucleus for
breeding purposes.

In the invention of this hive I have
had. in mind several purposes.

1. To supply the educator with an in-
expensive, attractive miniature hive, all
complete with eomb and colony by the
manufacturers or by a large apiary. For
demonstration in the yard it prevents
the disturbance of a full-sized working
colony. For the schoolroom it can be

easily carried, taken apart, and put to-
gether, and yet it shows in miaiaturo
everything that could be filiown by a
large hive, which it would be difficult
or impossible to take into the school-
loom.

2. For the young folks a hive that
will give them a start in the fascinat-
ing work of bee-keeping and observa-
tion, at a minimum of cost. To the
large apiarist it is what the flower-bed
or school garden is to general horti-
culture or to agriculture. It is a sam-
ple. It shows the thing and gives the
simple scale. In floriculture or in vege-
table gardening the child enjoys the
small bod more than he would do if
obliged to cultivate an acre, or even a
market wagon full of lettuce or rad-
ishes or popcorn. But before the com-
ing of the Pearl Agnes hive there was
nothing for the interested boy in which
to keep a colony, except the regular
hive used by the large apiary, which
often contains a thousand colonies. This
hive is, then, for the young folks a play
apiary, as well as a means of nature
study.

3. For the commercial apiarist this
Pearl Agnes hive is better in some re-
spects than the usual "baby nucleus"
for mating, because "the nucleus" is
too small for that purpose, except with
close and continued attention. It is a
hive to be kept especially for exhibi-
tion to visiting friends. This is better
and easier than to disturb one of the
regular colonies by taking it out. It
may also become a source of income
if it be purchased empty from the man-
ufacturers, and filled with a complete
colony and supplied to nearby teachers.
As previously explained, the supplying
of the hive thus filled would be equiva-
lent, in number of bees and quantity of
comb, to five-sixths of a two-frame
nucleus. Simply put six of these sec-
tion frames into two full frames, and
fill the Pearl Agnes hive with five of
these frames. But, better than all this,
perhaps, to the professional apiarist, it
solves the problem of plenty of queens
in early spring, when queens are not
only the most valuable but the rarest.
Queens are most easily obtained in the
latter part of summer or in early au-
tumn. They are most needed in the
spring. A ten-frame hive fitted with
thirty of these large sections may be
divided into six Pearl Agnes hives, and
thus five extra queens for that one hive
carried through the winter. In early
spring all the thirty frames may be put
back into the ten-frame hive, and there
will then be five extra queens to be
used when queens are queens.

The first Pearl Agnes hive was rough-
ly made up jji i9uS from my drawings
and specifications, and was placed in
the hands of my esteemed friend and
honored fellow-townsman Mr. L. C.
Eoot, who is well known as the author
of "Practical Bee-Keeping," and an
apiarist with an experience of almost
half a century conducting apiaries of
the largest size, and he is still an en-
thusiast with many colonies. He re-
ports at the present writing (last week
in March 1906) the bees have wintered
astonishingly well (indoors) in this
Pearl Agnes hive. I am indebted to him
for the suggestion in regard to the pos-

June 20. 1907

American Hee Journal

session of plenty of queens in early
spring.

4. To the experimental apiarist, the
advantages of the hive are so many ami
so important that I prefer to defer
even suggestion in reference to them
till later, when I ma.v be able to an-
nounce and to illustrate some of the
things thr.t have been done, rather than
predict vrbat possibly may be accom-
plished. I will merely advise the reader
to procure one or more of these hives;
and my assurance is that, if he will
handle' them, study them, and dream
about them as much as has the in-
ventor, some of the suggestions will
come to him spontaneously, and thus
give him all the charm and pleasure of
orignal discovery. The results of such
discoveries may add much of value to
the apiarist as" well as to the scientist.
It would be, you know, difficult to play
a game of chess through all its en-
trancing situations if the men were of
full size. One can often imagine and
theorize better in miniature, better with
a plan than with the completed house,
better with a map than with the coun-
try itself. Perhaps these advantages

will be vours it you bei-oun- an experi-
mental apiarist with the Pearl Agnes
hive.

It is not for me within the province
of this article to tell you what I think
the manufacturers intend to do with
this hive. But I will give you a small
hint as to what I suspected was in the
mind of one of the jnanagers when he
said a certain thing. From this I in
fer (and I "guess" that the inference
is well founded) that they no more ex
pect to make a profit directly from this
hive than the fisherman expects to eat
the chubby little "shiner" that he
puts on his hook when be goes angling
for pickerel. These shrewd manufac
turers know that bee-keeping is fas-
cinating, and that all they have to
do is to get you started. Everything
else follows easily. So this hive will
be put on the market at less than net
cost, and in this laudable action the
manufacturers will not be hampered by
anv patent to be taken out by the in-
ventor. He has too strongly at heart
the interests of apiculture as an educa-
tional factor.

But, to revert to the figure of the
fisherman and his bait. The parallel is
not quite true, and so far as it is in-
accurate it is to your advantage. This
"bait" (the Pearl Agnes hive) in it-
self is good, and the more freely it is
offered (bv the manufacturers) the more
reason for vour pulling it off the
"hook" and taking it home with you
—in fact get several of the "baits.

The name ' ' Pearl Agnes ' ' is in honor
of the 10-year-old sweetness-maker of
the "B(igelow)-hive" in which I am
writing.

Where Do the Flowers Get
Their Color ?

BT GASTOX BONNIER.

Why are the flowers adorned with
rich colors? The poets have found
many answers to this query, which to-
day is raised anew with violent con-
troversies among the learned. There
is a theory, first expounded by a bi-
zarre personage under the name of
Christian Conrad Sprengel in 1793,
which has been everywhere believed.
This theoiy postulates a perpetual strife
on the part of the flowers for brilliance
in order to win recognition at a dis-
tance from the honeyed insects. It is
to attract these that the corolla is dec-
orated with bright hues.

1 occupied myself with this question
for a long time when I was doing- some
work for my thesis for the doctorate of
sciences. I was taught the absolute
reciprocal relations between the insects
and the flowers, the attraction of the
bees by the colors. I was convinced
in advance, with the enthusiasm of
youth, that my observations and ex-
periments served to confirm all the
points of these propositions in bring
ing fresh proofs to bear upon them.
Tlie excellent Becaisne, a little skep-
tical on this point, encouraged me to
yii on in my work. At the end of some
^months I was desolate. All my observa-
tions and all my experiments contra-
dicted the theory of reciprocal adapta-
tion, and in particular the role attrib-
uted to the color of the flowers in tlie
attraction of the bees.

After a continuation of my observa-
tions I prepared a list of plants whose
flowers are scarcely visible, obscure,
uncolored, or green like the leaves of
the plant itself, but which all are most
nectariferous and abundantly visited by
bees and other insects. To this list I
added that of all the trees on whose
leaves the bees sought their honey stuff
— leaves not colored otherwise than
neighboring leaves without the houe\
— and all the plants where insects come
for nectar, besides flowers, the various
parts of a vegetable, not colored, not
visible, and wherein are situated the
nectars termed extra-floral.

I prepared another long list, includ-
ing the names of plants with highly
colored flowers, but wherein there was
no secretion of sugared liquid, where,
in consequence, the insects did not
come.

As for experiments, I made many and
varied, all of wdiieh bespoke the same
truth, that there exists no correlation
between the presence of a lively color
and the quest of a sugary liquid by the
bees. I will cite but one. I disposed
squares of many colors on a uniform
green foundation of grass. The same
quantity of syrup or honev was placed
in the middle of each square. The bees
discovered these various depots of sweet
liquid in the same time without the
color influencing their search. Tlie red

square on a green foimdation attracted
them no more than the plain green
square where the same amount of syrup
was to be had.

The result of all my experiments was
the following:

The development of colors in floral
organs and that of nectar are not con-
cordant.

Under the same conditions the most
highly colored flowers are not the most
visited by insects.

The visibility of flowers is not pro-
portioned to tlieir adaptation to cross
pollination.

The insects go in the largest num-
bers where the nectar is the most
abundant, the richest in sugars, and the
easiest to take.

The researches made by M. Felix
Plateau, professor of the University of
Gand, are important, his observations
most numerous, his experiments varied.
First he verified with many details
one of the points which I proved, that
bees show no preference or antipathy
for the diverse colors.which the flowers
of the different varieties of the same
species can present.

But this Belgian scientist did not con-
tent himself with verifications. He
made artificial flowers, excellent imi-
tations, of paper or cloth, and the bees
did not visit them. He constructed
others of living leaves with the natural
vegetable odor. If he put honey in
them the bees visited these false green
flowers; if the honey was withdrawn
they ceased their visits.

When the nectariferous part of the
natural flowers was removed, leaving
the brightly hued corolla, the insects
came no more on their quests. If, on
the contrary, the nectariferous flowers
were hidden beneath green foliage the
insects knew how to trace their in-
visible prize.

Finally, M. Plateau placed a glass in
front of a nectariferous flower. If it
were the sight alone which guided the
insects they would go as soon to the
perfect image of the blossoms reflected
in the mirror as to the blossoms them-
selves. But the insects were unde-
ceived. Instead of striking against the
glass as they entered the room they
turned directly to the flowers as if the
mirror did not exist.

The general conclusion of M. Pla-
teau's researches is identical with that
which I formulated twenty-five years
ago; the insects are guided to the flow-
ers by another sense than vision and
which only can be smell.

This does not say that it is the per-
fumes of the flowers which attract the
bees, because perfumed and nectarif-
erous flowers seem in general to be
without sensible result.

It is not the fragrance such as we
conceive subjectively, it is a special,
subtle odor which permits the sugared
matter to be recognized.

Indeed, substances which we cannot
recognize by their odor are found by
the bees. I have often made the fol-
lowing experiment — for example: Bits
of ordinary sugar, which have no ap-
preciable odor at a distance, are placed
in a dark pavilion, closed, where there
is no honey or objects having a special

June 20, 1907

American Hee Journal

fragrance, and wliero tlic boes do not
come. On the morrow, sometimes the
day after, the bees have discovered the
sugar and have recognized it as a use-
ful material. Nibbling at tlio morsels
with their fcehlc little mamlibles, they
realize that this process is not prac-
tical for gathering the sugar. Thcv go
for water to dissolve the sugar and then
])unip out the sugared water.

The preceding suffices, I think, to
raise doubts as to whether we owe the
colors of tlowcrs to the bees, as Sir .Tohn
Lubbock said.

Then whv are dowers colored? Whv

X'5

not inquire to what mysterious adapta-
tion we owe the color of th(' rocks, of
precious stones, or of sunbeams? This,
evidently, is neither a reply nor an ob-
jection. Hut tlie partisans of the
Sprengel theory have this to answer:
Why are mushrooms rich of hue? Many
who are convinced of the iloral ailapta-
tion to inse<'ts say that the edible
mushrooms are colored like the poison-
ous varieties so as to prevent being
gathered. As well might we say that
the poisonous varieties assume the col-
ors of the edible kinds so that they may
be sought!- — Times-Democrat.

i^onventioL..

,. ^-.-»^^.-M..V» jj^V ^ ..

Report of the Chicago-Northwestern

Bee-Keepers' Association, held in

Chicago, Wednesday and

Thursday, Dec. 5

and 6, 1906

(Contitiued from pa^e 521 )
Introducing Queens.

"How do you introduce queens?"

Mr. Taylor — I seldom introduce a
queen except in the spring. If I want
to change a queen, or the colony is
queenless, I open the hive and observe
the conduct of the bees, and you can
tell, if they have a peculiar way of act-
ing, running together, perhaps running
towards your hand a little, with their
wings lifted and a slight shaking mo-
tion, you can turn your queen right in.
They are all right. Sometimes, if I
am in doubt, I will put a queen-ex-
cluder on the top, let a few bees come
up, let the queen loose and decide then.
I hardly ever cage a queen in the spring,
because the bees are so anxious to get
to work that they will almost invariably
accept the queen ; in fact, I do not know
that I remember when a colony that was
queenless refused to take a queen early
in the spring.

Mr. Abbott — Suppose you had a black
queen and you wanted to give them an
Italian.

Mr. Taylor — Take her out and wait a
day or two to let them find out they
had lost a queen. They are terribly
anxious to get a queen in the spring,
and that running together a little and
a slight shaking of the wings shows
that they are looking for one.

Mr. Abbott — I supposed that among
all the progressive bee-keepers the one
most in advance and at the forefront
was R. L. Taylor, of Michigan.

Mr. Taylor — No ; I am a fogy, sir.

Mr. Abbott— But I see he says that
the hive should be left for a day or
two for the bees to find out that they
are queenless. Now in the name of com-
mon-sense, I want to ask why? I asked
that question, and I asked it that I

might bring out just that one idea. IVliy
make a colony know it is queenless?
There is something to this. You are
wasting a great deal of time when you
wait 2 days for the colony to find out
that they are queenless. Now if Mr.
Taylor will tell ic/iy, perhaps I will say
something more.

Mr. Taylor — Two days early in the
spring do not count very much, and
you do not have to wait to see whether
they are ready to receive her or not.
It is the easiest way. Of course, I
remember at one time that I was hand-
ling some bees, when I used to fool with
them, and had a lot of them shaken on
the ground, and in stumbling around
with my big feet I must have hurt the
queen. I noticed before I got through
the colony that the bees were in a tur-
moil. They were running up on the
front of -the hive, and on the side, and
looking around as lively as possible. I
concluded something had happened to
the queen. I looked on the ground and
found I had stepped on her. I got an-
other queen and they were perfectly
satisfied with the other queen.

Mr. Abbott — I have been trying for
20 years to get into current bee-litera-
ture and bee-books this one statement,
that it is not necessary for any colony
to be made queenless in order to intro-
duce a queen safely a day, or an hour,
or a minute, except what time is neces-
sary between pincliing the queen's head
off and turning the other queen out,
or putting her in a condition to get out.
After 20 years' trial I do not think
that that statement is in a bee-book, or
in any bee-literature that has not come
directly from my mouth in reporting
something that I have said in a conven-
tion about it.

Dr. Miller — .Allow me to speak and
say right here tliat Mr. Abbott perhaps
never reads anything I write, or he
would not say that sort of thing.

Mr. Abbott — I beg your pardon, then.
It is not in any book.

Dr. Miller — It is in the American
Bee Journal. i

Mr. Abbott — I have said it in the
.•\nicrican Bee Journal several times,
commenced alx)ut 25 years ago, and I
have been saying it ever since. I want
to say again, for the benefit of those
uiio have not heard me say the same
thing, tlial I never make a colony
queenless. I do not rear queens any
more, but on every cage I find direc-
tions, and those directions I invariably
tear off because they say to make the
colony queenless 48 hours, and then in-
troduce the queen.

Dr. Bohrer — Do you simply remove
the queen, destroy her, and turn the
other one loose?

Mr. Abbott— No, sir. When I have
[ queen or a half a dozen queens that
I want to keep, I put them on top of
ilie frames of a colony and leave them
tliere 2 or 3 days. If I want to intro-
duce one of those queens I hunt out
the old queen, pinch her head ofif and
turn one of the others free. If I wanted
the old queen free in the hive day after
to-morrow, having introduced one to-
day, I would take that old queen out,
put her into a cage and turn another
one free, and in a very little while the
queen in the cage is out on the combs
laying, and the bees never know they
have been queenless. They have no
feeling of resentment towards those
queens in the cage any more than they
have to the one free on the combs. They
are just as friendly with any one of the
5 queens on top of the frames as the
one in the hive laying eggs, and they
take one just as well as another. What
is the use of killing the queen and
having them start queen-cells, which
they will in 48 hours, and take the
chances of their killing the queens?
When they start cells they are antago-
nistic to any queen, even their own
queen.

Dr. Miller — How long after you put
that queen in before the bees liberate
her?

Mr. -Abbott- 1 fix it so that she will
be out in an hour — not to exceed an
hour.

Mr. Whitne}' — I purchase a consid-
erable number of queens usually, and
I have been anxious to find the best
way of introducing queens, having tried
various methods. I heard Mr. Abbott
give his method of introducing queens
here, a couple of years ago, I think, and
thought I would try it. I sometimes
get a half-dozen queens in rainy weath-
er. Perhaps there will be 2 or 3 days
of bad weather ; I can't introduce them.
I know what colonies I wish to intro-
duce those queens to, and I distribute
them around over the frames and leave
them there till the weather clears up so
that I can introduce them, and then I
remove the old queens and let young
queens free immediately. I have never
lost a queen, when introducing them in
that way. Of course, I would do the
same thing if the weather were not
bad, but it is a convenience if the
weather is bad, to take this plan of
doing it, and it never fails under any
circumstances with me. Always place
the queens over the frames of the col-
ony in which j-ou wish to introduce
them, without removing the little paste-
board or cork, and when you get ready

542

June 20. 1907

American Bee Journal j

to introduce them, remove the old queen
from the hive and let the queen free
immediately; and, as Mr. Abbott has
said, you do not then stop the produc-
tion of bees in the hive. The old queen
goes on laj-ing all the time up to the
very moment of her exclusion from the
hive, and the new queen takes her
place. I think it is the best method
I have ever known.

Mr. Wilcox— If you could not place
her over the colony, would you place
her between the combs?

Mr. Whitney— Yes, you might do
that; but I have placed the cage at the
entrance of the hive. My hive-en-
trances are wide, but just about high
enough.

Dr. Miller- You could not do that
in cool weather.

Mr. Whitney — Not very cool weather,
no. I would not do it in cool weather.
But I merely mention that I have done
it in_ warm weather, but with my kind
of hives there is scarcely any necessity
for it.

Mr. Wheeler — What do j'ou do with
the attendant bees — bees that are with
the queen? Do you kill them?

Mr. Whitney— O, they take care of
themselves, or the other bees will take
care of them. I don't pay any attention
to them at all.

Mr. Abbott— Let them alone. They
will do no harm.

Mr. Kimmey— You say turn the queen
loose immediately; make the opening so
that she can walk right out?

Mr. Whitney— Yes; run a pencil
through and puncture the queen-candv
and let the queen out. She will usually
remain in the cage for several hours,
and the bees will go in. They do not
often run out immediately, but I will
let them free and turn them right out.
Ordinarily they remain in the cage for
several minutes, or hours, possibly.

Mr. Hutchinson— I think that the idea
of letting the queen free at once without
leaving the colony queenless until they
find out they are queenless is probably
all right. The only reason that I could
see in keeping a queen caged 2 days
or more before letting her out is that
sometimes it seems as though the mood
of bees changes. You will come to a
hive sometimes with a queen-cage in it,
and you will find bees sticking right
over the cage like so many burdocks,
and perhaps the next day they have
changed their mood and are walking
peacefully over the cage. If you re-
lease the queen when they are inclined
to bother her, they might kill her. I
think it is much better never to let a
colony know they are queenless. Don't
leave them queenless long enough so
that they find it out. I introduced a
queen last fall after the honey-flow had
ceased, when it is somewhat different.
I went over the hives and found the
queen. As soon as I would find the
queen I would kill her and open that
cage at one end and fill it perhaps an
inch or an inch and half with sugar
candy, and put it back in. I do not sup-
pose those bees knew they had a new
queen, and out of the 40 I lost 2 queens.
Those were strong hybrid colonies.

Mr. Moore— Mr. Hutchinson, what
would you do now to save the queens

to those 2 strong hybrid colonies, in
addition to what j'ou did before?

Mr. Hutchinson — I don't know that
I could do anything.

Mr. Whitney — I have introduced a
strange queen to a queenless colony and
she was accepted immediately. There
would be a buzz of bees all over the
frames and down through the hive the
moment she struck the top. An ex-
ception, of course; that would seem to
be a sort of freak of the bees. I don't
know why they accepted her so sud-
denly or willingly, but they did.

Mr. Taylor — They will almost invaria-
bly do that in the spring.

Mr. Abbott — Never turn a queen free
if you have one or more cages, if the
bees are not walking around naturally,
no difference whether they have been
on there i day or 3. Never turn a
queen free under those circumstances.
Simply close up the hive. You have
the old queen laying. That is the ad-
vantage of having a queen on top. To-
morrow, if all is quiet, and they are
walking around naturally, hunt out the
old queen. If they have had 48 hours
and have started queen-cells, then if
you can't put her in, it leaves another
day to work on the cells.

Dr. Miller — I want to say just a word
on introducing as Mr. Abbott advises.
I think I objected at one meeting here
that there was some delay in doing that
way, but a good deal of experience since
has made me appreciate very much the
advantage of having a queen in the hive
some time — that is, the new queen in
the hive — some time before the old one
is removed. As probably all here know,
it is not an easy thing to introduce a
virgin queen, and since that time I have
introduced a good many virgin queens,
using simply the advantage that Mr.
Abbott speaks of, of allowing that there
is just a little advantage in having the
new queen get acquainted while the old
queen is in the hive. When you take
away the old queen you are throwing
them into an abnormal condition and
they are likely to show fight. When
she is put in the hive beforehand,
they are indifferent to the new queen.
I don't know if it is because she gets
the scent of the hive, or for any other
reason, but I do know that a virgin
queen, or any other queen that has
been imprisoned in the hive for some
time while the old queen is present, will
be accepted kindly if freed by the bees
a short time after the old queen is re-
moved.

Requeening or Superseding Queens.

"Shall we requeen colonies having old
queens, or let the bees do the work
of superseding?"

Dr. Bohrer — It is questionable when
a queen may be considered old. I have
had queens 4 years old that were very
prolific and laid as many eggs as any
queen I have, and I think it would be
policy for a bee-keeper to . watch his
queens and see what they are doing.
If, for any cause they do not seem to
lay the requisite amount of eggs at any
age, I would supersede them ; but as
long as the queen is fertile and in good
condition, keeping the colony up, I
would not molest her, even to 3 or 4

years old, because from my observation
they will lay eggs until they are that
old; so that there is no fixed rule about
that, perhaps.

Mr. Whitney — I suppose that when
one discovers drone-larvae in worker-
cells it is a pretty good indication that
the queen ought to be superseded,
whether she is old or young. Usually
you may find those in a colony where
there are old queens, but I have a case
which I have written up twice, and some
people questioned my accuracy. I had a
queen that I found in the spring laying
drone-eggs in worker-cells. She was
only a year old. I thought very much
of her. She was the daughter of the
old queen that so much has been said
about, and she looked very poor. She
came out poor in the spring. I com-
menced feeding her bees with good, rich
honey, a little at a time, each night,
and within 2 weeks she was laying
worker-eggs in worker-cells, and dur-
ing that summer I made 4 colonies of
bees from that queen.

Dr. Miller— Does Mr. Whitney think
that an exceptional or a usual case?

Mr. Whitney — It was the first I ever
knew, or ever heard of.

Dr. Miller — It is the last you will ever
know of.

l\Ir. Whitney — Some say, "You must
have been mistaken; it must have been
a young queen that superseded the old
one, and you thought it was the same
old queen." The fact is that queen was
clipped soon after she commenced lay-
ing, and I watched her from that time
until she died, and it was the same old
clipped queen. A doctor in Switzer-
land has taken the question up and
asked me whether I was certain it was
that queen. He said it was a very un-
usual thing, and something he never
heard of. But 2 of my old bee-keeper
friends were there when I took the
frames out of that hive, and showed the
worker-comb full, or two-thirds full, of
drones, and they said, "Isn't that too
bad?" Well, I thought so. I expected
to have to supersede the queen, but I
did not. I kept her that summer and
made 4 good colonies of bees from that
queen by feeding. She was a young
queen, though. I would say that an old
queen should be superseded, but the
question is. What is an old queen? Some
queens are old at -a month, and others
not old at 2% years. It depends upon
how hard the queen has been worked.
A good queen you might keep 2 or 3
years, and with a poor honey-flow she
would not exhaust herself for 3 or 4
years.

Mr. Hutchinson — What I want to
know is, shall we do this work, or shall
we leave it to the bees to do it? Who
has been at work superseding the queens
themselves? Mr. France, do you super-
sede the queens or let the bees do it?

Mr. France — As a rule, I supersede
them.

Dr. Miller — Does a queen do better
work, as a rule, in her first or her sec-
ond year? That will help us a little
in deciding, if we can get some testi-
mony about that.

A Member — The best queen I had last
year was 3 years old. She made the
record of the yard.

June 20, 1907

543

American IBae Journal k

Mr. Taylor — My object in keeping
bees is to make something out of them.
I want to make the largest percent on
my labor, efforts, and expense, that I
can, and I think 1 can make more by
letting the bees do the work ; and now-
adays I do not practice meddling with
the queens except in an occasional — very
exceptional case. Of course, once in a
while, when I see that there is any need
of a new queen, and that the bees are
not likely to supersede the queen them-
selves immediately, I may interfere ! but
I let the bees do that work, and 1 do
not believe that I could improve much
on it any way.

Mr. Whitney — If you find you have
an old queen, and she is liable to be
superseded, perhaps in the fall, it seems
to me it would be a good deal better
to supersede her in August than to let
the bees supersede her in October when
there are no drones flying, when you are
liable to have a virgin queen there, to
be a drone-layer in the spring.

Mr. Taylor — That is not likely to be
the case. Bees supersede their queens
in the summer-time. Of course, that is
the time to do it, and they seem to know
that that is the time to do it. Of course,
there may be exceptional cases, but I
should very much dislike to overhaul
50 colonies of bees to find out whether
there was one queen that needed super-
seding, because the bees were going to
supersede her in the fall. It doesn't
pay-
Mr. Whitney — Keep a record of the
age of the queens.

Mr. Taylor— That makes lots of
work.

Mr. Wilcox — I am astonished, and I
want to know if anybody else has ever
thought of such a thing as queens be-
ing superseded in October, a month or
two after the season's harvest was over.
I did not know that such a thing ever
happened except by accident.

Mr. Abbott — I confess I am aston-
ished. I am like Dr. Miller now. I
arn more astonished than he was, to
think that any one would advocate at
this time that we should let nature alone.
Let me give you an illustration from
the dairy business: The Babcock test
has eliminated from the dairies of this
country about half the cows that were
in the hands of intelligent dairymen, be-
cause they were eating more than they
produced. It is not necessary to over-
haul a colony to see how old the queen
is. It is unnecessary to "count the
rings on her horns" as vou do on a
cow to see how old she is. It is only
necessary for the intelligent manipulator
to know that there is a colony, No. 22,
that is not paying its way. If 22 is
not paying its way, 9 chances out of
10 the queen is responsible for the non-
payment. An intelligent answer, it
seems to me, would be to take off the
head of No. 22's queen and put one in
there that you thought was better. That
would be improving on what we call
the "natural method," just as the dairy
people by selection have improved the
Jersey cows and the Holstein cows un-
til they have nearly doubled the but-
ter-production of the Holstein herds.
If they can double the butter-produc-
tion of the Holsteins by careful selec-
tion, can not the bee-keepers and queen-

breeders eliminate the poor queens and
double the production of the colonics
of bees in the country in the same way?
It seems to me we can. This is an
age of progress and scientific investiga-
tion, and we ought to take advantage
of it, it ^ecms to me. Take the heads
off the queens whose colonies are not
paying their way.

Mr. Taylor — I do not like to take up
the time of this Association in talk-
ing. I like to say a word once in a
while, but I do not like to talk so much.
If you are willing to bear with me a
few minutes, 1 will try to explain this
thing that Mr. Abbott seems to be en-
tirely astray on. Now the two cases are
not parallel at all.

Dr. Miller — Correct.

Mr. Taylor — I am glad you are with
me. Doctor. They are not parallel at
all. It will take me 2 or 3 minutes to
explain why they are not parallel. Take
cattle. I suppose originally they were
in a wild state, and they had long horns
and they were fleet of foot, and they
had great courage, and they were rust-
lers. That is, they \vere fitted to their
environment. They were so " ct-
ed and so developed that they were
able to survive under the hard circum-
stances in which they were placed. They
were able to fight. They were able to
escape their enemies by flight, when it
was really necesssary. They were able t )
hunt their food in difiicult places. Now,
then, suppose Mr. Abbott had some of
those cattle and he wanted to develop
them in the line of fighting and rustliiig
for their food and fleeing from enemies,
and this sort of thing. Would he be so
particular about picking out animals
that were not fleet and not fighters?
Why, no. He would not expect to de-
velop them very much. They have been
developing for ages and ages. The weak
ones have gone down always. They
could not get food. They could not
escape their enemies. They could not
repel their enemies, and they have de-
veloped, I may say, to the highest pos-
sible stage of that sort of existence.
Now take bees. The bees have not been
developed as fighters particularly, ex-
cept what was necessary to keep out
certain enemies, but they have been de-
veloped from the very first for the pro-
duction of honey, because upon that
alone has the existence and continuance
of the race depended. Now I know it
is against the generally received opin-
ion among bee-keepers, but bee-keepers
are all astray in this everlasting talk
about improving the honey-gathering
qualities of bees. Why, we can do a
deal better than that. They are de-
veloped. Of course, we may do a lit-
tle something in the way of increas-
ing that, but we perhaps better do it
negatively. We ought to let those that
are not doing well perish of themselves,
as they will. We make a mistake in
nursing up those that are not able to
survive of their own efforts, and feed-
ing them and trying to get them through
the winter, and all this sort of thing;
but if we turn our attention to develop-
ing bees in the way of right capping of
honey, in the way of making white
comb honey, in the way of properly fill-
ing their <i ctions, making straight

combs — for there is quite a difference
in that — and in some other points that
1 might mention if I could take the time
to do it, I tell you we would make a
big improvement in bees, for the rea-
son that the bees have not found it
necessary to develop in these lines. It
didn't make any difference to them
whether the comb was white or dark,
or what was the matter with it, only
that they had honey where they could
get it. Now I say, if I had any influence
among bee-keepers I would have them
turn their attention to doing something
that there was some prospect of their
being able to acomplish.

Dr. Miller — I want to apologize to
Mr. Taylor for agreeing with him.
[Laughter.] I am very sorry I said
a friendly word toward him. Mr. Ab-
bott, I tlimk, switched off entirely from
the question, and when Mr. Taylor
followed and drove the wild cattle, he
went still farther. The question was
raised whether it is better to allow the
bees to supersede, or for the bee-keep-
er to take the matter in his own hands.
Then Mr. Abbott raises a very import-
ant question and he did not say too
much about that, and I am with Mr.
.■\bbott and dead set against Mr. Taylor,
that he can not improve the bees. But
they are both away from the question.
The question is not whether we are go-
ing to improve our bees, but whether,
with the bees we have, it is better for
us to take the matter of superseding
into our hands or leave it in the hands
of the bees. I regret to say I am with Mr.
Taylor in thinking it is best to leave it
to the bees! [Laughter.]

Mr. Wheeler — I stand for Mr. Taylor.

Dr. Miller — Keep to the question now.

Mr. Wheeler — No, I think for the
benefit of the convention, if you will
allow us a word about this very im-
portant question —

Dr. Miller — Yes ; but let us finish this
other question first, and then go to that.

Mr. Wheeler — Mr. Taylor and Mr.
Abbott have been talking on a ques-
tion that I think is very vital to bee-
keepers.

Mr. Todd — Take it up after lunch. It
is a big question they are discussing.

Mr. Wheeler — Just as you people say.
I would like to say a word about the
requeening of bees.

Mr. Taylor — I would su,ggest to wait
until it comes up. We will have it up
after this, I presume.

Mr. Whitney — I simply wish to re-
ply to Mr. Wilcox in regard to super-
seding. Perhaps I made a little strong
statement, but when I close up my hives
with a clipped queen and in the spring
I find a young queen with two good
wings, I conclude that the queen has
superseded.

Mr. Wilcox — I asked that question
for the interest of the published report,
not particularly for the bee-keepers
present, but it will be read by the
people all over the world, and I did not
want it to appear, unless it was true,
that the queen was superseded in Oc-
tober. I did not know it was.

The report of the Committee on
Resolutions was read by Mr. Hutchin-
son, which, on motion, was adopted.

A photograph was taken of those

544

Juce 20, 1907

American IBae Journal

present, and then an adjournment until
1 .30 p. m.

Second Day — Afternoon Session.

After calling to order, Mr. L\Tnan de-
scribed his management of the hive dur-
ing the swarming and honey season.

Dr. Bohrer — What is the principal ad-
vantage you claim for that arrange-
ment ?

Mr. Lyman — ^It keeps the bees all at
work in the front brood-chamber un-
disturbed, and at the same time pre-
vents swarming. In my experience,
after you make this change, there is
no danger whatever of the bees swarm-
ing for at least 21 days.

Queen Fertilization Affecting Drone-
Progeny.

"Does the fertilization of the queen
affect her drone-progeny?"

Dr. Bohrer — I wrote that question,
and the reason I did so was not to
make an attack upon any queen-breeder
at all, nor upon any author, but to call
attention to what I regard as an error.
I w'ill name the gentleman, and I re-
gard him as a higli-toned gentleman,
and a very honorable man — stands so,
I think, before the bee-keeping fraterni-
ty throughout the United States and ev-
erywhere he is known. I have refer-
ence to Mr. Doolittle. When I first
commenced to read bee-keeping and
study it carefully, I was attacked
through the press several times. I went
all the way through the State of Michi-
gan and discussed it before the Michi-
gan Bee-Keepers' Association, at the re-
quest of Prof. Cook. Two or 3 years
ago I wrote him asking whether he
had experimented any concerning that
matter, that is, the effect the fertiliza-
tion had upon the queen's drone-prog-
eny. He said he had not only experi-
mented, but he had proved my theory
to be correct. Mr. Doolittle takes the
position that it does affect the progeny
of the queen, and I believe he says the
fourth generation has produced a queen
no one could tell from a hybrid. While
I believe he is candid and sincere in his
conclusions, the manner in which his
experiments were conducted I am satis-
fied was erroneous. I doubt very much
whether Mr. Doolittle is so situated that
he can have four generations of bees
and the fourth queen successfully ferti-
lized where he is situated, on account
of the fact that there are hybrid bees all
around him, and on that account I think
it is true that the drone-progeny is af-
fected by her fertilization. The sperma-
tozoa are lodged there — never escape
at the will of the queen. When deposit-
ing a worker-egg she fertilizes that at
will as it passes the mouth of the sper-
matheca. To suppose that affects the
drone-progeny is to suppose it becomes
a part of her system, that the sperma-
tozoa become food and consequently
part of the system of the queen. That
is an utter impossibility. The revela-
tions of the microscope prove the con-
trary, and I am satisfied that Mr. Doo-
little, although honest and sincere in
what he teaches, is mistaken, and I
would not like at this time to have the
idea go out that such a thing is pos-
sible, because it is not.

Requeening or Superseding Queens.

Mr. Wheeler — Before dinner I was
going to speak of the value of chang-
ing queens. We read a great deal, and
it was the talk of some of the gentle-
men before dinner, about when a colony
showed weakness or anything the matter
with it. to change queens, and by select-
ing the right queen you improve your
stock of bees. That is right to a cer-
tain e.Ktent, but I think it is carried
too far. In the spring, quite often when ■
the bees come out of the cellar, they will
fly together and are quite apt to kill
off the queen. There will be a very
strong colony of bees, and when I look
a little later they will have their queen
killed, and there is a great lot of bees,
and what am I to do with those bees?
They are losing their time. I will
look around and find a colony withered
away — a few bees with a queen. I put
that queen in the colony with the colony
ol bees and that queen will lay eggs,
when .she gets started, for all the bees
that are there — fill 2 or 3 hives. If she
had been left with that little colony,
her stock was bad and not worth
saving. I think that the bees have a
great influence over the queen. The care
they give a queen determines how many
eggs she will lay, and determines her
life as long as she has her youth and
strength, and I think there is a great
deal too much stress laid on the point
of the queen being to blame for a
colony being weak and dwindling.

Progress of Bee-Keeping.

"Have we made any progress in our
industry in the last twenty-five years?
If so, what is it?"

Dr. ^Miller — I think we have made
some progress right in that very way,
if Mr. Wheeler will pardon me, in try-
ing to do something toward getting bet-
ter stock. It is all very true that is
makes a big difference. You put a
queen into a little handful of bees or
with a strong colony — she is a differ-
ent queen altogether. But, after all,
there is a material difference in the
queens themselves, and I would de-
precate the idea of trying to discourage
any one from doing all he can to im-
prove his bees by getting better stock.
As far as improvement is concerned, I
think we have made some changes with-
in the last 24 hours, in our views —
some of us. There is a change going
on. I am very sure that I know some
things I did not know 25 years ago,
and I am very sure that there are some
things I do not know now that I
thought I knew 25 years ago. Whether
it is an improvement or not I am not
so certain, but there are changes going
on, and when we are not standing dead
still there is a possibility of our im-
proving, so that I think the thing is
hopeful that we are going on a little.

Mr. Wilcox — It is 25 years or more
since I commenced attending the
"Northwestern" convention and other
conventions in this city, and as I com-
pare what I have heard today and yes-
terday, with what I heard then, I am
very emphatically of the opinion that
the great mass of bee-keepers who at-
tend conventions have made improve-
ments, have improved themselves in

knowledge. At that time half a dozen
men would run a large convention. The
rest knew nothing, or said nothing, any-
way, and did not seem to understand
fully what they heard. I am sure that
bee-keepers as a whole are advancing.
They are better advanced, on an aver-
age, better educated in the science and
art of bee-keeping; and when he says
"we" I suppose he does not mean, has
there been something new learned that
was never known before? but have we,
the bee-keeping industry, learned any-
thing in the last 25 years? The most
of us have.

Dr. Bohrer — I was, I believe, in the first
bee-keepers' convention in the United
States, and I do not know but one other
man now living that was in that con-
vention. That was Mr. M. M. Baldridge.
I am satisfied there is great progress
in one particular. Then it was almost
imposible for a bee-paper to live. Now
there are 5 or 6. I hope the subscrip-
tion list of the American Bee Journal
is much greater than it was then. I
was one of its first readers. There are
other bee-papers. Gleanings has a good
circulation. Mr. Hutchinson's paper
has a good circulation. There are
thousands of people reading bee-litera-
ture now. Now we do not call a man
insane for paying $10 for a queen in
order to Italianize a colony of bees. So
there is progress shown in that respect.

Pres. York— I think Mr. Taylor can
remember 23 years. Does he think there
has been any progress made?

Mr. Taylor— Why, yes. You can't stir
around 25 years without knowing some-
thing more than you did before.

Pres. York— If so, what is it? is the
question.

Mr. Taylor— That would be a pretty
long story if I told it. We have made a
great improvement in hive-fixtures, for
one thing. We get our honey in a great
deal better shape than we used to. When
I commenced keeping bees we would
have a box made of half-inch stuff to
reach across the hive.

Dr. Miller — You are going back more
than 25 years, now.

Mr. Taylor — Not much more. Have
a hole in one side and two pieces of
glass on the end and a board laid over
the hive, with a couple of holes in it;
set two boxes in it under the cap on top
of that board. There is quite a dif-
ference between that and the comb
honey that we produce now. J might
go on and tell you about 20 things of
that kind.

Mr. Todd — How have the average
tons of honey increased in 25 years?

Mr. Taylor— Well, they used to tell
some big stories 25 years ago. One
thing we have lost in — we do not get
so much per pound. I have paid 20
cents per pound for honey in those old
boxes, and some of it was not very good
at that. A good many of us have learned
a good many things, and some of us
have learned a good many things that
are not so, I think. But, on the whole,
of course, w-e have made a wonderful
improvement.

Mr. Abbott — I asked that question to
bring out a point. It has not come out
yet, so I will see if I can not get it
out. I was just thinking over what

June 20, 1907

545

American ^ac Journal j^g^

growth and progress liacl Lx-cn made in
25 years. It is 23 since I came from
tlie Kast into tlie West. The growth of
tlic industry as a whole is simply re-
markahle, when you think of it, the
way it has spread and the way it has
been reaching out, the growth of a fac-
tory here, a factory there, and factories
do not grow for the production of any-
thing unless there is a demand. The
factories sometimes push ahead and in-
troduce new things, and I think that
the manufacturers of bee-supplies have
done more for the country than any
otlicr class of individuals, or more for
the bee-kecpcrs of the country than any
other class of individuals, owing to the
fact that they have pushed to the front.
They have pushed to the front some
things that are worthless from my stand-
point, but they are not worthless from
the standpoint of other people, and
therefore they are good. If a man puts
to the front anything people want, he is
a benefactor. When- -we think about
the things that were not in existence,
that were not obtainable 25 years ago,
that are a help to the bee-keepers to-
day, it would take the whole afternoon
to tell about them, and these things
have come to us on account of the push
and energy of a half a dozen men in
the United States. Some of our people
say they have gotten rich, and are bloat-
ed bondholders, and have got more fac-
tories and great institutions, and they
have done great things, and they ought
not to be permitted to speak. They
have gotten rich, they have made a few
dollars, but the bee-keepers of the
United States are millions of dollars
better off than they would have been
had these people not existed.

Age When Queen Does Best Work.

"How many think a queen does her
best work in the first year?"

Pres. York — All who think so, raise
your hands. 3. How many think a queen
does her best work in her 2d year? 9.

Dr. Bohrer — I do not raise my hand
in either case, because I do not know.
My observation has taught me not to
be positive about that.

Dr. Miller — Maybe somebody thinks
the 3d year.

Pres. York— All who think the 3d
year raise your hands. I do not see
any one on that.

Dr. Miller — ^With that in view you
may add one more to the 2d year. I
did not vote. I know now !

Pres. York — You wanted to see which
way it was going?

Introducing a Queen to a Laying-
Worker Colony

"How shall we successfully introduce
a queen to a colony with laying work-
ers?"

Mr. Wilcox — We don't want to.

Dr. Miller — One way is to introduce
a virgin queen just out of the cell. Al-
most invariably, if not invariably, she
will be accepted.

Mr. Whitney — I asked that question,
because last season I had a little ex-
perience with a laying-worker colony,
and I had a great deal of trouble. I
was removing some queens from other
colonies for requeening, and I thought
I would use those to test that laying-

wurker colony, .•mil 1 introduced one
in the usual way, kept her until I
thought she hatl been recognized by the
bees, and then I let her free. They
killed her in a few minutes. Then I
tried another plan. I took the bees
all out and shookthem on the ground
at a distance, carried the combs back
and introduced .mother of the same kind
of queens, and the bees came back and
killed her. I look the frames out of
the hive-body .'ind put them into supers.
I filled up the luwer story with frames
of empty comb and put the queen in,
put a queen - excluder over her and
set the super of laying workers right
on top, and they accepted the queen.
But I guess it would have been Ijctter
if I had broken up the whole business.
I think that is the better way.

Mr. Wilcox — I said I did not wish to,
and i do not ; but I have done it a
great many times by introducing a comb
of hatching brood and about 48 hours
after introduce another comb of hatch-
ing brood, and those hatching bees us-
ually destroy the laying workers, or they
cease to be laying workers, and will
accept a queen or queen-cell. It will
not work every time, but it does in a
majority of cases. Sometimes I try the
third or fourth time. Meanwhile they
are hatching their bees.

Mr. Whitney— I had forgotten that.
I tried that very thing. I put in one
frame and then another, but they did
not produce any queen-cells at all, and
I just adopted the other plan.

"What percent more honey can be se-
cured with the Danzenbaker than with
other hives?"

A Member — Not any more.

"Which is best, to increase by natural
swarming or artificial?"

Dr. Miller — It depends altogether up-
on circumstances, the man and his de-
sires.

Mr. Abbott— Locality?

Dr. Miller — Yes; a great many things
come in.

Hives in Cellar — Putting Out Bees.

"Should hives be set on an incline
forward in the cellar? What are the
conditions indicating the proper time to
set them out in the spring?"

Dr. Boher — Yes, I would say to the
first; and second, any day in March that
is warm enough for the bees to fly out.
That is in central Kansas. Farther
north it would perhaps be too soon.

Mr. Taylor — .\s I set them I would
not incline thcni. I set them directly
up one on another. As to taking them
out, Mr. Wheeler speaks of when he
sets them out, they gather into the hives
that are not their own. I can tell him
how to prevent that. Do not take them
out when it is warm enough for the bees
to fly. Take them out rather early in
the season, and taken out when it is
too cold for them to go out of their
hives. I generally take them out about
the last of l\Iarch and they are quiet,
just as quiet out there on their stands
as they would be if they had been there
all winter; and when it becomes warm
enough for them to fly they begin to
fly just as they would in the spring if
they had been out there in the winter,
and we have.no difficulty with their

■drilling,' as it is called, or swarm-
ing out, or anything of that kind.

Mr. Thompson — I would like to ask,
in the case of drifting in the spring, is
there danger of carrying foul brood at
that time if there is any foul brood in
the yard?

Mr. 1 aylor — I don't know, but I
should think very likely there would be.
Mr. Kimniey — Two years ago I took
my bees from the cellar, carried them
out and put them on the stands on a
bright, warm, sunshiny day. J mmediat e-
ly upon my moving them out, I nar-
rowed the hive-entrances so I thought
I would prevent any robbing, and they
flew out and went back of their own
accord, seemingly every bee in its proper
hive. Last spring I took them out on a
cool day and they staid out 2 days. I
took them out Friday, and on Sunday
morning the air was full of bees, and
they "drifted" right into that corner of
the' yard, and this corner had scarcely
any. That is an actual experience.
Mr. Taylor — Locations must differ.
Mr. Wilcox — I will say, in answer to
that question, I agree with Mr. Taylor
emphatically. I put my bees into the
cellar without bottom-boards, and con-
sequently they stand level. If the bot-
tom-boards were on I would prefer they
should be slanting, so that the bees in
a warm spell might clean out the dead
ones more easily. But in carrying them
out in the spring I find it more con-
venient to move them while the tem-
perature is going down. For that rea-
son I carry them out between 4 o'clock
and bedtime, and if they fly a little before
dark all the better, but if they do not,
they take their chances in the morning.
It may be a foggy, wet day, in which
case it would be bad for them, but other-
wise it is all right.

Miss Wilson — We commence carry-
ing out ours in the morning and carry
them out as fast as we can. When we
close the entrance dow-n to a small eri-
trance we have had no trouble with their
mixing.

Mr. Kimmey — Perhaps I would bet-
ter say I did not close the entrances,
and perhaps that is the secret. The
year before I was careful to close them,
but having carried them out and leaving
them from Friday to Sunday, left them
open. I have the bottom-boards off
all winter.

Mr. Taylor — In regard to closing the
entrance, I think it is of prime import-
ance that the entrance be closed up to
say an inch just as soon as they are set
out. As surely as you leave the en-
trances wide open, when a warm day
comes robbing will be begun ; but if
you close them up to about an inch, vou
will never hear anything about robbing.
Mr. Pease — On that same theory, set-
ting bees out in the spring and closing
the entrances to prevent their robbing
or drifting, as I understand the ques-
tion, if bees are wintered outdoors, with
what we call a small opening, in the
spring when our bees come out, does
the same theory apply to close the en-
trance to prevent bees from drifting or
mixing when they take their flight in
the spring?

Mr. Taylor — They arc not apt to drift
if thev are out all winter.

546

June 20, 1907

American Hee Journal

Mr. Whitney— With me, I never close
the entrance, but mine is a double-wall
hive, has a subway, and I do not have
to close it in the spring or any time in
the winter. It stands out all winter
and I do not have any trouble with their
drifting or going to other hives when
they come out in the spring, because
they come out always when it is warm
enough during the winter any time.

The Best Super.

"What is the best super for comb
honey?"

Dr. Miller— T-super.

Mr. Taylor — I would not have one
on my place.

Pres. York— What does Mr. Taylor
prefer then, a section-holder super?

Mr. Taylor — No, not exactly; I want
a wide-frame, single tier.

Mr. Wilcox— That is mine exactly,
for my locality. I think if I lived where
Dr. Miller does I would not care so
much for it. The reason I prefer the
wide frame is because the top of the
section is covered, and the bees can not
fill it with propolis. They surely would
in my country and they surely would not
do it with white clover.
• Pres. York — How many prefer the T-
super? 4. How many prefer the ordin-
ary section-holder super without a top-
bar, like the wide frame, the ordinary
section-holder super? 4. How many
prefer the wide-frame super that Mr.
Taylor speaks of? 5. Any other kind
of a comb honey super?

Mr. Abbott— What does Mr. Taylor
mean by wide frame— with slats in the
bottom or what?

Pres. York— As I understand, it is
enclosed all around, single-tier instead
of double-tier.

Mr. Taylor— Top and bottom revers-
mg, enclose the thing. If made right
they are the best thing you can get, not
excepting the T-super.

Mr. Abbott— I wouldn't have them.
^ Mr. Arnd— How do you get the sec-
tions out of such a frame as that?

Mr. Taylor— The great thing is to get
them in. There is no trouble getting
them out. I can show you. What do
you mean, get the frames out of the
hive?

Pres. York— How do you get the sec-
tions out of a wide frame?

Mr. Taylor— Supposing this is a wide
frame (mdicating;. Of course the
\yide frame is made to clasp the sec-
tion so that the bees can not get much
propolis in between the top-bar and the
section. Ordinarily, unless it is cold
weather, they will come right out, un-
less there is considerable propolis there.
In that case the top-bar may stick to
the sections a little. In that case you
want to just run a knife a little between
the top-bar and the sections, then take
your thumb-nail and press on the sec-
tion at this end and just start it a lit-
tle, and take that end the same, and they
drop right out.

Mr. Abbott — You will wear your
thumb-nails ofif.

Mr. Taylor — It won't wear mine off.
Everybody that works with bees ought
to have thumb-nails and finger-nails. It
is just as necessary as to be ingenious.
You can't get supers made right in the

shop. I will tell you why. The manu-
facturers are careful to save every sliver
of their lumber, and they cut the bottom
and top-bar straight across. You want
to cut them the right length and then
let the saw run over the bar so it is not
straight. It is a little bending. Then
in nailing them together you put those
bends in so they will hold on to the
section, and they keep the propolis out.

Mr. Wilcox — I think there is a better
way to get them out than that. I would
not use the wide frames if there was
not. I would adopt the T-super. I
have used for many years a "back," or
you might call it a "push-board." I
wish I could illustrate it and possibly
I can.

Mr. Taylor — To get them out of the
wide frames?

Mr. Wilcox — Yes,- sir.

Mr. Taylor— Where is your separator?

Mr. Wilcox — My separator is nailed
right on to the side of the wide frames.
It is a 4% section and a 3-inch separa-
tor, and there is a little space both above
and below the separator. It doesn't ex-
tend clear to the top nor clear to the
bottom. There is space enough so that
a thin board, it may be wood or metal,
is fastened on to the edge and sticking
up an inch on each side, and then you
take the wide frame with the tin sepa-
rator side down, and lay it on that block
so that the edge of the sections both top
and bottom comes right along the edge
of this strip nailed on to a little block
here, or, if it is metal, screwed on. Then
you push a little down on it and all your
sections are pushed right up and out
as far as you wish them.

"Is the T-super suitable for a begin-
ner?"

Mr. Taylor — No.

Pres. York — It is all right for a man
who has had bees for 40 years, and has
written a book on them, I suppose !

Dr. Miller — I would advise a begin-
ner, if he wants to begin with the best,
to begin with a T-super.

"If the T-super is the great comb-
honey super, how is it that it is not
listed by manufacturers?"

Mr. Taylor — They know better.

Dr. Miller — -Another question might
come up on that : How is it that manu-
facturers list T-tins and do not list T-
supers?

Pres. York — Because they want to sell
them, I suppose. What do you know
about that, Mr. Abbott?

Mr. Abbott — I know we have some
we would like to get rid of. If the
Doctor wants to make any T-supers we
can furnish the tins. We have had
them a long time.

Dr. Miller — I have some wide-frames
I might trade for them. [Laughter.]

Advertising Honey.

"What can bee-keepers do to adver-
tise honey?"

Pres. York — Mr. Burdette is here, who
has had considerable experience in help-
ing other organizations advertise.

Mr. Burdette — I was in charge of a
press bureau that has been tried by the
National Council of Horticulture, which
is an organization to which applications
have been sent by all of the trade as-
sociations of the seedsmen, florists and

nursery men. The President of it is
Mr. J. C. Vaughan. Horticulture has
been taking quite a spurt in public in-
terest in the last 2 or 3 years, and Mr.
Vaughan conceived the idea of trying to
give it a little impetus by teaching the
public the value of shrubs and flowers,
and the National Council of Horticul-
ture has undertaken to supply the news-
papers throughout the country with ar-
ticles on horticulture — articles that
would deal with the subject in a purely
elementary way, and intended for
amateurs. They are trying to get people
to grow flowers and to plant shrubs in
their yards. We conducted an experi-
mental service a year ago for 10 weeks,
sent articles to 2500 newspapers all over
the country, and in most of those papers
the articles were printed. Mr. York
thought it would be possible to apply
the same system to arousing public in-
terest in honey. I do not see why it
would not be possible. Horticulture, of
course, appeals to more people perhaps
than honey would, as horticulture ap-
peals to more people than bee-keeping,
but still everybody can be induced to
eat honey, and if you put the advantages
of honey before them in the newspapers,
I should think it would help broaden
the market. I have outlined in a let-
ter to Mr. Y'ork a plan based on the ex-
perimental service that we conducted
for the National Council of Horticul-
ture, to send out to the newspapers about
4 articles every 2 weeks for a period of
20 weeks. That would be practically
the same amount that we distributed
along horticultural lines, except that it
would extend over a longer period, not
to give them so much matter at a time,
and by keeping a check on that, a check
of results, it would be very easy to de-
termine what its value would be to the
bee-keeper. We can find out just how
many newspapers use that matter, and
then the bee-keepers themselves could
tell what effect it had upon the public,
and it would be a very simple matter
to determine just how far that method
of publicity could be used to benefit the
bee-keepers. Mr. York asked me to come
here and explain this to you; it is pretty
hard to explain in detail, and I am sorry
I did not bring some of the clippings.
We had great success with the horti-
cultural matter. The Chicago Tribune
published all we sent. The Daily News
did also, and practically all the large
newspapers all over the country we sent
it to were glad to get it, and it seems
to me similar matter might be gotten up
about honey which could be used with
equal success.

Mr. Taylor — I would like to ask a
question. You say you are highly suc-
cessful in this advertising. In what did
your success consist?

Mr. Burdette — We succeeded in get-
ting the matter in the newspapers all
over the country. The seedsmen seem
to be of the opinion that it helped them
decidedly.

Mr. Taylor — In what way did it help
them?

Mr. Burdette — It helped them by in-
creasing the public demand for seeds
and shrubs.

Mr. Taylor — Was it advertising seeds
or novelties?

June 20, 1907

Amc^rican IBec Journal

547

Mr. Burdette — Practically old stocks.

Mr. Taylor — Weren't people pretty
well advised as to old stocks?

Mr. Burnette — They certainly were
not. The newspapers seem to believe
what the people want is elementary in-
struction in horticulture. The fact is,
most people don't know much about it.

Mr. Taylor — Did the instruction con-
sist m directing as to gardening, as to

plant-

Mr. Burdette — Simply general instruc-
tions.

Mr. Taylor — Not particularly as to
purchase of seeds, simply how to take
care of the plants?

Mr. Burdette — What plants are suit-
able for certain places. One article
might be how to make a backyard gard-
en, what kind of shrubs or perennials to
plant, and how to take care of them.
So about the color of the blossom, the
kind of soil, whether to plant in a
shady or sunny place.

Mr. Taylor — -And what parallel is
there between advertising in that way
in regard to horticulture and in regard
to honey ?

Mr. Burdette — Of course, we would
have to advertise in a different way in
regard to honey. The only parallel is
generally that all advertising, if good
for one thing, is good for another.

Mr. Taylor — What instruction could
you give in an advertisement in regard
to honey that would be of benefit?

Mr. Burdette — Of course, it is not an
advertisement. It is simply a little arti-
cle.

Mr. Taylor — The effect is the same.
That is, you look for an effect from the
advertising, though you manage to get
your advertising done without paying.
Still, that is all the good effect you get,
because your things are advertised.

Mr. Burdette — I should say that you
could publish interesting facts about
honey. Tell the people some things
about honey, and they would begin to
think about honey. If you told them
the value of honey from the food stand-
point, perhaps they would buy some.

Mr. Todd — There are two kinds of
advertising. There is the plain, straight-
forward kind of advertising and the in-
sidious. Mr. Burdette has been direct-
ing the insidious campaign in favor of
the seed-business.

Mr. Burdette — It is more in the na-
ture of general publicity than advertis-
ing.

Dr. Miller— If Mr. Burdette knows
how to put the things before the public
that we would like to get before them,
we can get them to want honey a little
more than they do now. Do you be-
lieve you could do anything of that
kind?

Mr. Burdette— Well, I do believe that
I could get interesting facts about honey
published in the newspapers. I suppose
unquestionably that would increase the
sale of honey. I do not see why it
should do otherwise.

Dr. Miller — Then I would say if you
could increase the demand in that way
we could sell it for a higher price. Do
you believe, sir, that you can get the
papers to put in some suggestion that
honey is a good thing, that it is more
wholesome to have honey than candy

for children, and that they would live
longer if they had honey?

Mr. Burdette— Of course not in those
words.
Dr. Miller — I am not asking that.
Mr. Burdette — Of course, I have nev-
er tried to get anything about honey in
the newspapers, but we have got stuff in
about flowers and plants.

Mr. Todd — Entirely different ; very
different.

Dr. Miller— I don't know, sir, that it
is entirely different. I think he could
do it.

Mr. Burdette— My personal opinion
would be that 1 can.

Mr. Chapman — I would like to state
that Mr. Hutchinson had an article in
the Cosmopolitan a few years ago that
was interesting enough for the magazine
to publish it, and was widely read over
the United States. I had friends tell
me that the best they ever read about
bee-keeping was that article, and such
articles could be put in the daily news-
papers, not as extensive as his, and they
would awaken an interest in honey.

Mr. Thompson — When it comes to
newspapers printing anything that is
given to them on the subject of bees, I
think they will print anything — some
newspapers will. Perhaps there are
some here that will remember two or
three months ago the Chicago Record-
Herald had an article stating that a
bee-keeper in Iowa who had keept bees
for a number of years died, and his
bees commenced to sulk, they would
work no longer, and they had trouble
keeping them away from his remains —
they followed him to the grave, they
had such an attachment for him. So if
a newspaper will print anything like
that, you can get them to print anything,
can't you?

Mr. Abbott — It seems to me very clear
that here is a plan of advertising that
is almost unlimited. I have had a good
deal of e-xpcrience. I am a newspaper
man myself, and I haven't an ax to
grind and I am not scared at advertis-
ing. But let me tell you about a class
of advertising that is done all over this
country that you have read and did not
know it. There is a woman who writes
from some place in Kentucky, that signs
her name "Kentuckian" mostly. She is
employd by the Sapolio people, and the
Pearline people, and the borax people,
and several otlier people, and she writes
home articles for papers. Her articles
appear all over the United States in
agricultural papers in the home depart-
ment, and the only thing that is in them
— for instance, she will tell how to clean
carpets, and the only thing that smacks
of an advertisement is that she gets in
the name Sapolio once in a while. The
borax trust have women employed in
the same way. One writes from Em-
poria, Kans.. to the home department
of agricultural papers. She recommends
borax for sore eyes, and horaie acid for
all sorts of things. They try hard to
"work" us. They "worked" my wife
for a little while. She is better natured
than I am. I eliminated the bora.x. I
said, "some good disinfectant." I elimi-
nated Pearline and said, "some good
washing powder." and of course the arti-
cles stopped when I edited them, which
was a good thing. It could just as well

be honey as borax, and if General
Manager France would arrange with a
half dozen men like Dr; Miller and Mr.
York and others that I can mention, to
write the articles, they can be put mto
99 out of lOO of the newspapers of the
United States tomorrow, without any
trouble at all. That will boost honey
just as high as you want it before the
public, and it will double the demand
for honey all over this country in a
little while. I wish the National As-
sociation would just take up that kind
of thing and spend two or three thous-
and dollars lying in the treasury doing
nothing in advertising honey all over
the United States.

Dr. Miller — I want to endorse what
Mr. Abbott has said, and then add this:
The material that we would want to go
before the public, there would be in it
no trick. This is no "Sapolio" business.
It is all square, honest work. Here is
information that the public needs, it is
for their benefit. We can get it in.
I believe, further, that instead of hav-
ing me do a part of it and Mr. France,
and so on in that way, if this work
has been done for the horticulturists,
the experience that has been gained in
doing that work will be of immense ad-
vantage in our work. But, as I said
before, I have not examined carefully
the material of which this man is made.
If he is; put together so that he can
get things into papers, I would rather
a good deal get some man who is ex-
pert at it to do it than to have us bung-
lers go at it. It would be worth a great
deal more. I don't know him at all,
and I don't know what commission he
may get on what he can do, but if
he or his concern to which he is at-
tached can do the work, I believe it
would do us a lot of good to pay some-
thing for it.

Pres. York — I know Mr. Burdette a
little bit, and anything he would pre-
pare would be submitted to Mr. France
or a committee designated to revise any-
thing he might write. But I am satis-
fied that he can get things into papers
that we could not at all, because he has
been doing it.

Mr. Kimmey — I was surprised when
Mr. Burdette came in today. I have
known Mr. Burdettefor a long time, but
I did not know he had been engagea
in the horticultural business. I did not
know he knew Mr. York, nor that he
was coming here. I also know some-
thing about the seed trade. Mr. York
has told you that I am Secretary of the
National Poultry Association, whose
business it is to give a poultry show in
Chicago. For every meeting I have
been in the habit of employing some
press agent. Last year I employed Mr.
Burdette, and he is head and shoulders
above any other men and women I have
employed. I have a new contract,
signed a few days ago, agreeing to pay
him two or three hundred dollars for
three weeks' work. You have all got
articles in your papers. We worked it
up. We have them in nearly all the
papers. It is an educational business.
You don't need to hide a single thin$
when we talk about honey. We don't
have to misrepresent a single thing.
Without knowing that Mr. Burdette was
at all to blame for it, or had anything

548

June 20, 1907

American l$ae Journal

to do with it, I know that the demand
for seeds, bulbs and such as he men-
tioned last season was phenomenally
large in Chicago. Every seed-house was
burdened with work, and they did not
have to burn a single pound of their
seed nor to throw away a single one
of their shrubs. It is a matter of no-
toriety, known throughout Chicago. I
am glad it happened so that I could
give this testimony in favor of Mr.
York's project, and of Mr. Burdette's
idea. As to just what persons shall do
this work, I have no doubt — pardon me
for saying it — that I could write an
article just as well as Mr. Burdette can,
but I have other things to attend to.
I think Dr. Miller could write better
about honey than Mr. Burdette. But I
think to entrust the matter to a man
like Mr. Burdette, who will bore Dr.
Miller for facts, and go to Mr. Hutchin-
son and Mr., York, and then sit down
and trim it all over, will do more ef-
fectual work than you can if you scatter
your energies.

Mr. Whitney — I feel great interest
in this matter of the education of the
public with regard to the value of honey,
and it is my opinion that there is noth-
ing that we can say in a public way as
to the use of honey that will not do the
bee-keeper good. I have had a little
experience up at our place. Our local
editor there wanted to know if. I would
not write something for the local paper,
and I wrote a few articles, and they ap-
peared every week for 5 or 6 weeks,
and people became very much interested
in bees and honey, and since then I
have not asked a single person to buy
any honey: I could sell more of it than
I can possibly produce or get. I know
that publicity is a good thing for honey,
if you talk right, and tell the truth.

Mr. Burdette — Some misapprehension
seems to exist as to the nature of the
articles that we sent out. It was not
our purpose in doing this horticultural
work to trick anybody. We simply filled
a legitimate demand for horticultural
information.
Mr. Todd — How to do.
Mr. Burdette — Yes, exactly. For one
thing, we had "the experience of Mr.
Keeley, Managing Editor of the Chicago
Tribune, who once conducted a depart-
ment of gardening on that paper, and
he told us it was astonishing the num-
ber of people who were absolutely ignor-
ant of the first principles of gardening —
people who would buy bulbs and plant
them upside down ; didn't know how to
plant seed or anything of that sort. The
papers all seemed to know that there is
a great deal of interest in that sort of
thing, and were glad to get the informa-
tion that we furnished, and they under-
stood thoroughly that we furnished it,
and why we furnished it. We had a
large number of scientists on the Na-
tional Council — Professor Tracy, of the
Department in Washington ; Professor
Taft, of the Michigan Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, and Professor Irish,
of Shaw's Gardens, in St. Louis. I be-
lieve there is also a great deal of in-
terest in bees all over the country, and
in honey, and that the papers would
be willing to print whatever we might
send out about bees and honey, provided

it was written in the right way. Of
course we could not send out what was
purely advertising, saying people ought
to buy honey. Papers could not print
that unless we paid them for it; but
I have gone on the assumption that
there is a great deal of information
about the use of honey, and facts about
bees, that the public would be glad to
know, and the papers would be glad
to print, and the effect of those articles
would be to interest the public in bees
and in honey, and the indirect effect
would be to increase the sale of honey.
Of course, the only thing projected here
is an experimental series to see just
exactly what kind of articles can be
prepared along that line, and what ef-
fect those articles will have. I think
it is worth trying. Don't you think
that therp is material for art^'-les on the
use of honey and facts about bees?
Mr. Todd — Most people use honey
simply raw. You might have one article
acceptable about honey, but you would
not have a series which would give it
the force of cumulative advertising.

Dr. Bohrer — what was Mr. Bnrdette's
question?

Mr. Burdette — I was asking if there
was not material for articles of that
sort. I am not very well acquainted
with bee-keeping or with honey. I don't
know what material tliere may be.

Mr. Todd — How many different ways
could honey be served up?

Mr. Abbott — I want to say, without
any egotism, that I can sit down here
in an hour's time and write an article
on honey that will go into any paper in
the United States. There isn't a paper
in the United States that would not
publish it.

Mr. Todd — And a second one?
Mr. Abbott — Yes, sir, and a third one,
and I can write a fourth one that any
paper in- the United States will print,
and pay me money for doing it, and
I can write a fifth one that the papers
will take and pay me for it, and there
won't be any nonsense in it. There
won't be any bees following their mast-
er to the grave or anything of that
kind. But you need not talk about any
body that does not know the honey-busi-
ness from A to Z and has not been in
it 25 years, as I have, because they
can't do it. You don't have to tell
people to buy honey. You .have to tell
people to eat honey, and then if they
haven't got the honey they will come
to you and buy it.

Dr. Bohrer — Isn't it also important,
and of greater importance at this time
than anything else, to satisfy the people
that what they are getting is absolutely
pure?

Mr. Abbott — Yes, sir. I could write
on the purity and the probability of be-
ing adulterated. There is no doubt
about the facts. The papers will pub-
lish that.

Pres. York — I do not think I could
write many articles on photography, as
Mr. Todd could do, but I think I could
write a few articles on honey.

Mr. Clarke — Probably I might give

an illustration in a small way of what

people want to know about honey. I

have conducted a bee-department in an

. agricultural paper for 7 years in Iowa.

I have undertaken to answer any ques-
tion anybody asks me pertaining to bees
or honey, and I do not know exactly
the number of inquiries that I have
had in 7 years, but I think it is over
7000 in regard to bees and honey.

Mr. France — I would like to get the
expression of the honey-producers on
this subject. They are interested in the
disposition of their product. Various
ways have ben suggested, and this means
of advertising is a good one. There
was a fund transferred over to the Na-
tional Association, and it has been wait-
ing for effective work until we could
get a system and something that would
give satisfaction. To get a committee
that would be satisfactory to the pro-
ducers and to those who had transferred
this fund to the National has been a
diflicult matter. That, I think, is aDout
through with, and the next question
came up wherein or how we shall be-
gin the use of that fund to advertise
and create a demand for more honey.
This proposition that has just now been
discussed will be one of the first that
that committee wiJJ consider. Two at
least of the three I know are favorable
to starting such a move in the near
future. Other ways have been suggest-
ed, and the more that you can suggest
to this committee the better, and save
your time for the convention. I be-
lieve one of the things we have got to
employ, as has been done in- other lines,
is telling the usefulness of honey to
the public. When they realize the value
of it as a food, then enlighten, in some
way, the public, that when they are buy-
ing honey they are getting Nature's pur-
est wholesome sweet for their stomachs,
and you have established a demand for
honey.

Dr. Bohrer — And that what they, will
buy will be honey.

Mr. France — Yes, sir. ^

Mr. Burdette — I want to say I do
not know anything about honey. I
would not attempt to write these articles
myself. The horticultural articles were
all of them prepared under the direc-
tion of experts. Most of them were
prepared by Professor Irish, who is in
charge of Shaw's Gardens at St. Louis,
one of the largest botanical gardens in
the country, and they were sent to me.
I simply took them — most of them were
too long — I made it a rule not to send
out any article of over 300 words — di-
vided them into appropriate lengths,
and re-wrote them so as to get the "fea-
ture." as we call it in the newspaper
business, at the top ; simply put them in-
to shape so that the newspaper editors
would not have to revise them ; and
that is all I did,- simply to distribute
these things to the newspapers in the
proper form. As has been stated here,
they should be written first by men
who know honey; that is, the material
should be supplied by those men, and
all I could attempt to do would be to
put that material into the form for
the newspapers. There are a good
many things to consider when you do
that. I am a newspaper man. I think
I know the way to do that, although I
don't know anything about honey. That
is all that I would do, and the estimate
I made for this experimental work was
simply putting it into shape and send-

June 20, 1907

549

American Hee Journal

^^^^ I

iug tu the newspapers. For preparing
material it would be different.

Mr. Iliitcliinson — Speaking of writing
some articles to do some good to sell
honey, I have some honey of my own
this year and I wrote an advertisement
advertising tliat honey. I tried to write
it in such a way that a man reading that
advertisement would want some of that
honey. A man wrote me, "I have been
tasting that honey ever since I read that
advertisement." That is the kind of
an article we want to write for the
papers ; when a man reads the article
he wants to go right out and get some
honey and try it.

Jlr. Taylor — There is a distinction
I think we ought to make in this mat-
ter of advertising. That is, the ditTer-
ence between advertising a person and
advertising a product. Now Mr.
Hutchinson sold his honey because he
advertised himself; he advertised the
fact that he had honey to sell. It was
not because he gave any new informa-
tion about honey that enabled him to
sell. It was because he advertised him-
self.

Pres. York — Mr. Hutchinson said the
man was tasting the honey all the time,
and not tasting Mr. Hutchinson!

Mr. Taylor — Because he had a good
deal of faith in Mr. Hutchinson, and
knew any honey he e.xtracted of course
would be extra-good.

Mr. Chapman — I would like to call
attention to a fact that is really before
the meeting here. I see b\' the news-
papers that one of the women's clubs
here is discussing the reading of Dick-
ens' works because he always refers to
•eating and drinking, claiming that the
references to eating and drinking cause
a great many people to go out and over-
eat and drink. It is along this line
that our friends refer to — discussing
honey, referring to the fact that it is
one of the oldest foods known in the
world, that it has come down through
the ages to be a blessing to the people,
that people with delicate stomachs who
can not eat sugar or syrup can still eat
honey ; such statements will set a per-
son thinking that he hasn't had any
honey for a good while, that he would
like some now, and he goes out and
buys it.

Mr.Arnd — I was a contributor orig-
inally to the fund for advertising. I
move that the Chicago Northwestern
Bee-Keepers' Association recommend to
the National that they use the fund
mentioned by Mr. France, in just such
advertising as we have spoken of today.

The motion was seconded.

Pres. York — I ought to sa\-, perhaps,
before we take a vote on this, that the
experiment will not cost over about
$300 to make the first engagement. It
is moved and seconded that we recom-
mend to the National, or to the Direc-
tors, that the money in their hands from
the Honey-Producers' League be used
in such work as has been outlined here.
Of course there may be other methods,
used also.

The motion was put and carried.

Fovl-Broody Colony Defending Itself.

"Is it a fact that a foul-broody colony
■defends itself against robbers with less

vigor that a healthy one of correspond-
ing strength."

Mr. Taylor— Yes, I think so. It
makes them h;ive less heart, don't care
whether school keeps or not ; and, more
than that, there is a scent about the
hive that I think attracts robber-bees.
Don't you think so, Mr. France?

Mr. France — Yes, sir.

Mr. Taylor — If there is a colony that
has any foul brood about it, you will
notice the robber-bees are prowling
around there. I don't know whether
it is the scent, or whether they appreci-
ate that the defenders are not very anx-
ious to defend their hives. .*\ny way,
you have got to look out if you have a
colony of foul brood.

Mr. France — I think Mr. Taylor has
pretty nearly covered the ground. The
bees seem to lack the defensive, and the
odor also seems to have a tendency to
warn the outside bees that there is
something wrong.

Brood-Chamber in Winter.

"For wintering on the summer stands
in lo-frame Langstroth hives, is it ad-
visable to contract the brood-chamber
with tight-fitting division-boards?"

Members — No.

Mr. France — That depends upon your
location. The farther north you are the
more you need to contract them. You
do not need any of that if you are down
in Missouri ; and if you go into the ex-
treme northern part of Wisconsin where
the thermometer goes to 40 below, you
have other conditions. There are other
conditions for an outdoor winter. I
want a good, vigorous queen in the fall,
and more than honey enough.

Mr. Wilcox — I would say from what
experience I have had in outdoor win-
tering that I would contract a little, but
more especially put on another story,
use the second story for outdoor winter-
ing, always with 4 or 5 combs in, and
of course a division-board at each side
and packing behind. I think the second
story is the most important part of out-
door wintering.

Mr. Jones — I would say it depends not
alone upon the locality but upon the
strength of the colony. With a really
good young colony with plenty of bees in
there, there would perhaps be no nec-
essity of it. and perhaps no advantage;
but a small colony, I say by all means
to contract. I have wintered bees in
Wisconsin outdoors. Up there 1 do
not think there would be any show of
their wintering if they had not been con-
tracted.

Mr. Chapman — I believe 2-frame di-
vision-boards, in our locality of Chica-
go, are of great benefit to the bees. Mr.
Wright, at one time attending our con-
vention, said if you would take a super
of dry extracting combs and place it
underneath the hive-body where you
wished to winter them, it w-ould be far
better for the bees. I have practiced
that now for 6 years; placed it under-
neath, put a super the section-size on
top of either excelsior or ground cork,
and I have never lost a colony of bees.
I did not lose them 3 years ago when
so many were lost here, and I have my
bees right on the roof of the house,
where they arc exposed to all the winds

and weather that can be, and I think
I have struck an excellent plan.

Points in Juihiinc Bees.

"In judging Italian bees at fairs, what
points should be taken into considera-
tion ?"

Mr. Wilcox — I did not ask that ques-
tion, but that is just the information
I want. I may say what I have done,
but I .don't know what I ought to do.
I have considered as of first importance
uniformity of markings. This, of course,
speaks of Italian bees. Uniformity of
markings of the worker-bees is my
standard for purity. If all the bees are
alike — size, color and shape — I consider
it proof positive that they are pure-
bred. It is the only standard I have,
absolutely, in judging bees. If I had
them in my apiary where I could ob-
serve their actions, then I would have
additional standards, but we can not
have that at the shows, consequently
we must judge from the looks only.
Size and uniformity of markings are the
principal things. Size, however, is an
uncertain standard, because the more
agitation, excitement and jarring you
give them the larger they will be. You
go in the morning and look at the bees
on exhibition and they are small, and
in the afternoon they are much larger.
The fact is, they have gorged themselves
with honej'. ? So you can not depend
very much upon the size, but you can
upon the markings.

Mr. Jones — Wouldn't it be a little ad-
vantage for a person to get them in
show condition, if he knew when the
judge was coming around?

Mr. Wilcox — If size were important he
could, but size is not a very important
point.

Mr. Hutchinson — Uniformity is all
you can go by. You can't tell by the
size. If they are uniform in marking
that is the best we can do.

Foul Brood Legislation.

Dr. Bohrer — It may be a mere matter
of criticism upon my part to call the
attention of this Association to the mat-
ter of foul-brood legislation. I under-
stand that here in Illinois you have a
law for the use of the bee-keepers of
the State, but that does not clothe a
bee-inspector with authority to go up-
on the premises of a man who may have
foul brood, except at his will and pleas-
ure. I don't know if you want to get
the legislation to take cognizance of a
matter of that kind. Find out and make
a report of such persons as refuse flatly
and absolutely to allow a bee-inspecto/
to cure the disease or stamp it out,
destroy his bees or make an effort to
get_ them cured. If you can gather
suflicient evidence, even perhaps one or
tw'O cases of that kind, where men have
refused, then go to some influential
member of the legislature, and some
man who knows something about the
business, if you can find one. We suc-
ceeded in our State in finding a man
who knew something about bees and
the wants of the bee-keepers. He laid
it before the legislature. They were
ready to hear it, when they found it was
about to destroy an industry — an infant
industry but growing rapidly — and we

June 20, 1907

American l^ee Journal

got a law. I believe if you can go be-
fore your legislatures with something ol
that kind and send men who understand
what foul brood means, the destruction
that it will bring to the industry in the
State if not stamped out — and there is
no question about that, it is unques-
tionably spreading, and where there is
any carelessness tolerated it will con-
tinue to spread — if you will lay the mat-
ter before the legislature in that shape,
get an influential member that will work,
you mav get a foul-brood law through
that will clothe you with authority to
stamp out the disease. I have Been
twice to our State legislature and have
learned something about the way these
things are managed, and it depends

largely upon whose hands you get it
into.

Getting Better Conventions and At-
tendance.

"How shall we have a big attendance
and a good meeting next year?"

Mr. Taylor — Advertise.

Mr. Jones — Everybody come again
and bring one with them.

Pres. York— I think that is a pretty
good idea, and perhaps it could be
pushed a little more in the various bee-
papers. Is there anything further? It
not, we will stand adjourned until the
call of the Executive Committee next
vear.

Docfor Miller^s^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111.
° Dr. Miller does 7iut answer Questions by mail.

Changine from Closed-End to Hoff-
man or Miller Style of Frame

We became Interested in bees about three
years ago, and now have twenty colonies In
Danzenbaker hives. We want to increase
to fifty or more colonies. So far we nave
no reason to regret our selection of the
Danzenbaker hive, but we sometimes think
there are other brnod-frames that would
suit us better. Having always to cut or
break the frames apart is considered a
drawback, and it occurred to us that we
would fit up our next hives with Hoffman
metal-spaced frames, or Miller frames, of
the same depth as the Danzenbaker frames.
In this way we would be able to judge
which is preferable, as we have had no
experience with any but the Danzenbaker
frames.

The only change in the Danzenbaker body
would be the cutting of the rabbet to re-
ceive the end of the Hoffman or Miller

"Ster our trial of the other frames, the
hives we now have could be easily changea
to suit the Hoffman or Miller frames, or
should we decide to continue with the Dan-
zenbaker frames it would only be necessarv
to fill out the rabbet cut to receive the
hanging frames.

Our preference is to run for comb honey,
and so far we consider the Danzenbaker
super equal to any in use. but we are un-
able to decide as to the brood-frames.

Answer. — Your scheme is feasible, but it
still leaves undecided the question as to the
difference between the two depths of frames.
Perhaps, however, you do not care lor tnis.

Management of Swarms

On Mav 17. hive No. 5 cast a very heavy
swarm. 'It was hived on foundation start-
ers and set in place of hive No o on the
old stand. No. 5 being f ™7^'l J» |, ^',fi°^
several feet away. Today (May 2») hive
No. 5 cast another swarm. I caught the
queen, clipped her wings, and put her and
the swarm back into hive No. 5. from
whence they came. Then I went through
hive No. 5 and cut out four or five queen-
rells or what I thought were queen-cells
Now I am told by a bee-keeper that I

should not have clipped the queen's wings.
He says that in all probability the queen
was not mated. Did I do right',' If the
queen is not mated, what shall I do? There
is a great deal of unsealed brood in the
hive from which the bees could rear a
queen, but would they do so with the
clipped queen in the hive? It does not seem
reasonable to me that this young queen did
not mate before the swarm settled. Please
put me straight. Western Iowa.

Answer. — When No. 5 first swarmed, you
set the swarm on the old stand. Orthodox,
so far. Then, at about the same time, you
set the old hive on a nesv stand some feet
away. Pleterodox, I'lease never do that
again — well, don't do it again unless you
want the bees to swarm again. Set the
old hive close beside the new one, and a
u-rck later move the old one some feet
away. That will throw all the flying force
of the old colony into the swarm, weaken-
ing the old colony so much at the right
time that it will give up all thought of
swarming. But you moved the old colony
to a new stand at once, and eleven days
later they had gained so much in strength
that they felt competent to swarm, and it
was the orthodox thing for them to swarm
with the first virgin that emerged. Then
you clipped the queen that came out with
the afterswarra. Heterodox. She may have
been fertilized, and she may not : but in
any case you were running a big risk in
clipping her. You returned swarm and de-
stroyed all queen-cells. Orthodox. Then
you found unsealed brood, lots of it, in the
hive.

Now, look here, I'm willing to try to help
you out in any of yi:>ur misdemeanors, but
"when you get the bees to doing unorthodci
things, that puts me out. After the old
queen had left the hive eleven days, those
Ijees had no business to have a single cell
of unsealed brood, to say nothing of lots of
it. The whole thing looks abnormal — hete-
rodox. Where did that brood come from?
Did a laying queen from some other colony
get into the hive hy some freakish per-
formance after the hive was moved to its
new stand ? At any rate, there must have
been a laying queen in the hive after the
swarm issued, and if that's the queen you
clipped, then all right — unless the bees
swarm again. At any rate, with nlenty of
unsealed brood in the hive there is no im-
mediate danger.

I don't know enough to tell you just how
things are, but so long as brood continurs

to be sealed as worker-brood you neednt
worry. If brood in worker-cells is sealed
so it looks like little marbles instead of
having a flat surface, then you must kill
the queen and treat the colony as a queen-
less one. . ^
I wish you'd tell us how it comes out.

Managing Nuclei, Etc.

1 I have ordered some nuclei which
will be here about June 1. How shall

1 manage them for the best result? 1
never did any work of that kind,

2 Early in the spring of 190b I had
a nice, large swarm come out. and I
hived them in a good hive. They
worked well, and in about 4 or b
weeks they sent out a swarm. On ex-
amining them, after a few days, I saw
no bees in my first hive. The comb -was
nice and white and the hive was full
nf it. but the bees were gone. They
had been carrying in pollen far ahead
of any other bees I had, -What was the
matter? Kentucky.

Answers, — 1. Put the frames of
the nucleus in a full-sized hive in the
middle of the hive, in the same relative
..rder in which they were in the nu-
. leus. Then fill out the hive at ea?h
side with frames that are entirely filled
with foundation. Look out sharply for
the matter of stores. The probability
is that there was not a very big lot
of honey in the frames of the nucleus,
for it is not best to ship too heavy
combs. If you have combs of honey,
it will probably be a good thing to give

2 of them to the nucleus, one on eactl
side pretty close to the brood.

2 Hard to say. The young queen
mav have been lost on her wedding
flight, but there probably was some
other trouble besides that, and I don t
know what it was.

Rearing Queens for an Amateur

1 Not long ago I wrote you asking
if good queens could be reared in a
ciueenless colony, and you said. Yes,
if rightly managed;" but you did not
say how. and how to do it was what
interested me. Again, I asked it an-
other plan would work. You said prob-
ably, but would advise me to take a
little more trouble and have the best
queens obtainable. This is what I
would do if I knew how, but here again
I was left in the dark. It was not
curiosity that caused me to ask the
questions, but because I did not know
better. Perhaps I did not make my
meaning plain. j ■„ ,

2. Can good queens be reared in a
queenless colony?

3. If so, how?

4 Is there a better way of rearing
queens for "an amateur without queen-
rearing tools, when queens are wanted
before the swarming season? It so.
please explain. , 4x.„„ .,

5 -Would you advise getting a
queen-rearing outfit for one who would
need 10 or 15 queens a year?

Iowa.

Answers. — 1. One of the unfortu-
nate things in attempting to answer
questions in this department is that it
is not easy sometimes to know by the
question what is in the mind of the
questioner. Don't you think it s all
that ought to be required of me if I
answer the questions that are asked.'

2. Yes. ,

3 Remove a queen from a colony
of best stock in the height of the sea-
son, and the bees will of themselves
rear one or more good queens.

4 It you mean a better way than
starting cells in a queenless colony, I
think not.

5. No.

There, I've answered your questions,
haven't I? But I may as well own up
that I've purposely answered the mere
letter of your questions, without pay-
ing much attention to the spirit. I al-
ways do better than that, and answer
the spirit of the questions, as nearly as
I can guess what the spirit is, and so

June 20, 1907

I^Am^rican Bee Jonrnal j

^^ii

<'». <^tp 1

I'll do as well by you now If you for-
ijive tlio an.swors 1 have iiiadc-.

You don't need any special queen-
rearing oullit for 10 queens a year, nur
for 100. I'll tell you how you can rear
just as good ciueens as can be reared
from your stock, with no other outfit
than what every bee-keeper Is supposed
to have on hand :

Take a frame out of the hive contain-
ing your best (|ueen, and put in itJ
place a frame with a starter an inch
or so deei). A week or so later you
will find the bees have filled the frame
% full, more i)r less, with new comb,
with larvjfc well advanced down to eggs
around the outside edge. Trim off that
outer edge that contains only eggs
leaving the larvie. It isn't easy to be
exact about this, and it isn't very par-
tiiular, only don't cut awav any of the
larvie; no harm if you leave some of
the eggs. Indeed it is not absolutely
necessary to cut off any of the comb;
only that outer margin is in the bees'
way. Now put your prepared comb ui
tlie middle of a strong colony from
which you have removed the queen, and
in 9 or 10 days cut out the celKs and
give them to nuclei. In about 2 weeks
later you ought to find most of them
changed into laying queens. You see
It isn t a very complicated matter, and
needs no special outfit.

You note that I give no date as to
when you are to do these things I
can t, because it may be 3 weeks later
one year than another. But be sure
not to begin too early. In your locality

'^J^u^;^'"''". '° ''*'='" '" March yon
wouldn t get one good queen out of
.0. Figure so as to give the brood to
the queenless colony when bees are
working prosperously in the fields. In
your locality that probably means that
the bees should not start to build
queen-cells until white clover begins to

JhU'r.."^* " f^ """ ■'''*^'" ^"^ of course
the empty frame must be given to your
best colony a week or so earlier.

Now if I've failed to answer just
ro'ts/agam."' '° ■^"°"-' <^°"'' ^-''^"^

Methods of Filling T-Supers

th?"-^^^^ 905 (1906) is a discussion of
the T-super by you and Frank H

^.""ni?'' t'?£'^/^^°'''"^ 'hat kind of
super. Like Mr. Drexel, I have blamed
the manufacturers for forcing and
keeping them out of the market, which
I be leve to be that the section-holder
can be got up a little cheaper, yet when
I send them a sample of mine, they get
them up for the same price. The kind

str"o1f=-'^v'.'; f?"<^" "P ^^- Elvin Arm-
strong over J5 years ago. He got up

t n^'",'"'? T-super which was spoken
well of at that time by the American
fh^t'^h"'"^^' ^°°" a"«'- that I learned
Ahr'.f in^'* *^°"'= °"' °f the business.
About 10 years ago, I wanted to get
tnTfi"°''? °^ those supers, and sint
to a firm for some T-supers, and att»r
an aggravating length of time the'y
sent me the section-holder, and I have
not forgiven them for it to this day I
"imr °" '^'""'^ the second

<=tJ„„"^T """"^ ^ sample of the Arm-
strong to a firm m Minneapolis. That
mn"^. ''K^"^?'^ hands before I wanted
more but the pattern with the change
was lost, so next I sent to another Arm,
vpt Tr,®",^",",^*" *hey have the pattern
yet. In all the catalogs I have received
for years I looked for the Armstrong
T-super but in all I found the immut-
able section-holder, with ever and anon
words of some one that they don't lik.^
tne T-super for some reasons which I
think do not exist in the Armstrong
super, ^nd I know some of the objec-
tions which you urge in yours do not
exist in mine. One of these is that
they are liable to fall to pieces if you
are not careful. Now, I don't care who
aoesn t use them, or who dislikes them,
but I have paid out $1.00 in expressage
besides losing 2 supers to get what I
wanted. I suppose you and Mr. Drexel
use the same kind of supers and both
bank on the short time it takes you to
fill them, but time has cut no figure

with me, as I have but few bees and
plenty of time on my hand-s, but, ail
things considered. I don't think you
can distance me much.

1. I was amused by your direction
how to make a super-filler, page 140, of
"Forty Years Among the Bees." A queer
super-filler, thought I. Miss Wilson
page 247, is the super-flller, and your
super-filler Is the super. It seemed to
me as I read it, your super-filler was
filled, and its contents to be dumped
into the super.

2. It seems from you and Mr. Drexel
you fill the super crosswise, while I fill
the other way, .and I think in the long
run I can do the work about as quieklv
as you. You fold the sections and stack
them on a boanl, you must take some
extra time to do that or you will have
a scatterment of them, and may have
occasionally anyway. I fold by a sec-
tion-press different from yours, but per-
haps no better, and I may pitch them
into a bushel basket and save time
over you. Sitting as Miss Wilson does,
having the starter put in, I can put it
into the super quicker than she can
stack the empty supers on a board.
Putting the far left-hand corner sec-
tion in and adjusting the tin to it. I
take the next, and so on until I have
the far side filled. Putting the sep-
arator in, I ran put the next row in
nearly as fast as I can pick them up
and lay them down. It appears that
you put the .separators in after you
have all the seetions in. How you ge;.
them in except one at a time, I don't
know, but perhaps you do.

3. You claim that you have seen
every kind of a T-super but I feel sat-
isfied that you have never seen my kind
or you would never object to some
things, such as its falling to pieces.
The only %vay of getting it to pieces
is to tear it to pieces. I could turn it
either side up as I use starters only in
sections.

As to section-holders, the only fault
I ever raised against them was that the
bees would glue them fast so that I
had to tear them to pieces to get them
out. I did not have them long enough
to warp. How those who used them
kept the bees from sticking them fast.
I don't know, and X don't care to know, '
for I don't want them.

I had a letter from Elvin Armstrong
last fall from Colorado, saying he had
improved his super and was going to
get several thousand of them cut out
by some factory and would come 'n
when he had sold his honey. He had
several thousand pounds. He said h»
would bring you and me a super, and
if you did not say it was the best, he
would be surprised. Iowa.

Answers. — 1. You are quite right
when you say "Miss Wilson is the
super-flller," and quite wrong when you
say, "your super-filler is the super."
The same word, as you well know, may
mean two different things. Looking iii
the dictionary. I find the definition of
the word "filler" in part as follows:
"One who or that which fills or is used
for filling. Specifically: (1) A funnel."
If a boy were filling a barrel with
water, using a funnel for the purpose,
you would say the boy is the filler, and
at the same time you would hardlv
dispute the dictionary that the funnel
is also a filler. So w-hile Miss Wilson
was the filler, was not the implement
"used for filling" also a filler? When
you say that my super-flller is a super,
you evidently misunderstand the whole
affair. Please turn to page 148 of the
book, and you will see that the super-
flller is not a .super at all — doesn't in
the least look like a super, as you will
see by the picture of a super-filler on
page 1S9.

2. It takes less time to pitch sec-
tions in a basket than to put them in
a straight pile. Y'ou are quite right in
that. But please note that it takes less
time to pick them oft the pile when
putting in foundation than it does to
pick them out of the basket, because
when they are piled they are always
standing the same side up, always in
the right position to go to the founda-
tion-fastener, hut in the basket they
are all sides up. and you must take

time to put them In the right position.
Occasionally we may use the basket
method, but we think the other way
better In the longr run. We've tri -d
both ways; 1 wonder if you have. We've
also tried putting the sections into the
super your way, which. If 1 understand
correctly. Is to put the T-tlns in place
before all the sections are In, so that
most of the sections must be put in be-
tween the tins, and that takes ever
so mucl; more time than to slip each
tin under tne sections after the sectloni'
are In But to do this easily the super-
filler Is essential.

3. If I ever claimed that I had seen
every kind „( T-suier ii was a wild
claim, certainly. There niav be a
?^^S.m'"'''* that I have never heard
or. btui, I ve seen quite a few different
Supers.

More About Texas Sumac.

Keferring again to the kind of sumac
spoken of in my article on page 279, I will
say that I do not know enough of botany
to enable me to give a correct description
of this shrub: but it is a large, rather
bushy kind, seldom baving many branches
low down on the main body. The leaves
are oblong, pointed, smooth, dark green,
branching out from a common stem The
lierncs, when ripe, are a bright scarlet
color, and hang, or rather stand, on a
short, stiff bunch of stems. It begins to
open Its bloom about July 25, seldom vary-
ing more than a few days. The period of
bloom extends, as a rule, to the middle of
August. The flower buds form at the ex-
tremities of the season's growth of new
wood, and are often as large as a teacup.
They seem to be altogether composed of a
series of small petals, each containing a
nectar cup or gland. Bees alight on the
bunch and work over the entire flower It
IS a composite plant, yielding both pollen
and honey in great plenty. The pollen is
a fine creamy-yellow color, and during the
first few days of Its blooming season the
bees seem to gather an immense quantity
of It. but later they gather only honey

I am sending some of the leaves and
berries. They taste very acid, but that is
not strange, for. as you know, all of this
species are tannic-acid plants.

This Is about all that I am able to tell
about it. The natural habitat of this
shrub IS West Texas, though it extends to
a part of the Central Texas counties. I
have never met with it in Southwest Texas
though a few of this kind grew near my
old home in I!ee county.

The honey from it is a very light yellow
or pale straw color, very thick and heavy,
and fine flavored. ' I had a sample at San
Antonio. It is. according to my experience
a most certain yielder. and it we had even
one more plant its equal bee-keeping would
be a very profitable business here. As it
i.s. we get nn averaee of .in pounds to the
strong colony, though I have managed to
siet :;io [j.iuiiiis from a few choice colonies
and I feel sure that I will be able to get
a heavy yield the coming season

I have a new system by which I am able
to get the most powerful and efficient work-
ing force. This contemplates the use of
two queens in each hive, though not used
in the manner lately described by some
writers. My non-swarming board is used
for the purpose. As I stated, by Its use
last year I was enabled to get 210 pounds
from some few colonies. I think its possi-
bilities are very great along that line, but
L^i^x",?' trying to urge its use: I know
that I have a good thing for mv own use
at least j. e. Chambees. '

Concho Co., Tex.

[The leaves sent differ greatly from those

of the sumac common in the North, being

only 11,4 inches in length and scarcely %

In width. •' ™

By all means tell us about your plan of

working two queens in the same colony

KuiTon.J ■''

June 20, 1907

American ^ae Journal

The Caucasian Bees

I was so interested in E. A. Morgan's expe-
rience, on page 483, that I wish to say a word
too.

I have been loth to say anything in praise
of Caucasian bees, for so many have con-
demned them who have had no experience
with the true Caucasian that I thought it
would be powder burned to no effect. I am
convinced that when the Caucasian bees have
been with us long enough to know them,
there will be a large number, who, at this
time condemn them, will be converted to our
side.

I got my first queens from the Government,
and soon after I began to import direct from
the Caucasus, and now have as fine a lot of
Caucasian breeders as there are in this coun-
try. 1 have always prided my yard as being
the most gentle bees to be found. But when
I handle the Caucasian then I know they are
the gentlest bees to be found on this conti-
nent. Instead of picking up the smoker to
drive them back I simply blow on them and
they leave as if smoke were used. If I wish to
show them at any time of night they act just
the same as in the daytime. The light doesn't
seem to affect them in the least; no crawling
on the hands as with almost any other race.
I tind them to be the best of honey-gatherers,
cap their comb snowy white, and their sec-
tions are as clear of propolis as the old blacks.
They enter the sections readily, and I have
less burr-combs than with any other kind of
bees.

I am trying a cross between the Italian and
Caucasian, using the latter as the mother, and
I have the gentlest and the finest yellow bees
that can be found. If they gather honey as
fast as they breed they will be all I ask. They
cannot help but winter, for I find that the
more quiet bees are the better they will win-
ter. I wintered 3 frame nuclei in the cellar,
and they came out without a spot in the hive.
I am sure that all who will try the gray Cau-
casians will find them just as has been stated
by those who know, and not as by those who
"don't know." A. D. D. Wood.

Ingham Co., Mich., June S.

DiseouFaging Outlook

Bees are in as poor a condition just now as
I have ever known them to be at this time of
the year in this locality. Last fall the honey-
flow was almost entirely limited to the juices
of fruit and grapes, so "that the winter stores
were of the poorest kind. But on account of
the mildness of the winter the bees got
through fairly well; and in the fine, mild
weather during the whole month of March,
they built up well, and gave promise of fine
results this summer. But, alas! the cold,
blustery weather during all of April and half
of May played havoc with many of the most
promising colonies. Much of the brood
chilled and starved. Bloom containing nec-
tar is now plentiful, but the field-laborers are
too few to collect much surplus. On the
whole, the outlook for bee-men is not very
bright in this locality.

H. A. SCHOPPENHOBST.

Marthasville, Mo., May 24.

Successful Wintering of Bees

In reading the American Bee Journal this
week it seems that we Eastern bee-keepers
are in the "cold swim " with our Central and
Western brothers. This is the coldest April
and May that I remember, but, with it all, my
bees that wintered well are in fine condition.
On May IS I had one of the largest swarms I
ever hived; it filled a 10-frame hive practi-
cally full. Now I think the secret of my bees
being in the condition they are, is not from
feeding in the spring and fall, but because
each was a strong, heavy colony in the fall, and
wintered on 50 pounds of thoroughly ripened
honey.

I put into winter quarters last fall 28 colo-
nies, but during the long, cold winter they
were taken with dysentery and I lost 6 colo-
nies through that cause. Now I think I have

found two reasons for the same trouble in
this location — one is from honey that was
gathered late in the fall (and our fall crop is
very heavy here about every 3 years in 5) ;
and also from some of the hives becoming
damp, as that was part of the time that they
were under snow. I notice in the early
spring, in going over my bees, that the hives
were pretty damp. The dampness was not
due to sweat inside.

My way of wintering is this: I am a great
believer in newspaper for warmth, which I
used as packing for supers over the comb
honey over the Hill's device, and after put-
ting the lid on I laid quite a number of news-
papers over the top of hives; and hive-covers
made of heavy duck canvas thoroughly
dipped in pure boiled linseed oil thoroughly
tied down over the whole hive, and then a
sheet-tin frame laid on top of the cover with
a weight on to keep the water from the top of
the hive.

I can box, on a short October day, thor-
oughly, 25 hives for winter, and barring dys-
entery, which they had this year, I find that
!>!! percent with heavy stores will go through
in any winter, which can't be worse than the
past one. In all of the colonies I lost there
was at least from 15 to 35 pounds of stores
left. I have 16 boxes now with 2 and 3 supers
for comb honey, filling fast. The rest are for
extracted. I have at least 35 pounds of apple-
blossom honey in one hive — the first that I
ever have succeeded in getting, and I tell you
it is fine. When I take it oft I may forward
a box to the editor.

My apiary is located in one of the largest
white clover belts in Chester Co. , Pa. Last
year I had one colony that I run only for
honey in sections, and it carried in 176 pounds
of strictly white clover; all the others I run
for increase, and reached to the above num-
ber of colonies from 8 stored as described for
wintering. Geo. M. Steele.

Philadelphia, Pa,, May 25.

Cold and Baeliward Season

It is very cold and backward here. I have
been feeding my bees for some time, which
makes them very strong and active in spite of
the cold weather I have had S swarms. I
put them on full empty combs and feed them
every day. Alfalfa will be out in bloom in
about 2 weeks, and then I look for a good
honey-flow. The sweet clover is looking fine,
and 1 am preparing for a good crop unless it
stays cold all summer. E. S. Armstrong.

Olathe, Colo., May 30.

Very Bacliward Season

The season has been very backwar,d here.
White clover is as yet not more than '4 of a
crop. Raspberry and blackberry are in bloom,
the former being nearly over.

Centralia, Mo., June 4. J. K. Boyd, Sr.

Feeding to Keep fFom Starving

I am feeding my bees to keep them from
starving, although the orchard has been white
with bloom. The weather is too wet and cold.

Peotone, 111., June 1. C. Schrier.

" Songs of Beedom." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-cover pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs— words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers" organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents ; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for $1.10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

Agricultural Exhibit
in Chicago

Here is something different, yet practical —
a permanent exhibition of things agricultural.
The idea is to have on daily free exhibition
almost anything from husking mitts to ma-
nure spreaders. This practical idea has been
worked out and is now an assured fact.

The exhibition will be held in the commo-
dious new quarters recently acquired by
White's Class Advertising Co., 118 W. Jack-
son Boulevard, Chicago. This company, of
which Mr. Frank B. White is President, oc-
cupies the entire top floor of the " Electrical
Building," corner Jackson Boulevard and
Desplaines Street.

The exhibition hall is 88 feet by 50 feet, in
the eastern half of the floor. It is light, airy,
and very pleasant. Each exhibit will be en-
closed by a neat metal railing, and be kept in
show condition for daily inspection. A spe-
cial attendant will have oversight of the arti-
cles, and will devote his entire attention to
explaining their merits and uses, to visitors
and purchasers.

This is an excellent opportunity for manu-
facturers who advertise direct to consumers,
yet sell through dealers throughout the West.
Chicago is a great trading center, and many

excursions daily bring great crowds of pleas-
ure-seekers, dealers and business-men from
all parts of the Ohio, Missouri and Mississippi
Valleys. If they know of this exhibition
many will visit it, learn the good points of
the articles they are interested in, and make
arrangements for purchase.

Being thus represented also saves manu-
facturers the expenses of a Chicago office and
a special salaried representative.

The sizes of spaces run in multiples of 5
square feet, from 5x5 up to 10x20 or more, as
desired.

An attractive folder entitled, " Would You
Like to Have Your Goods on Display in
Chicago at a Vert Low Cost*" will be
mailed free by White's Class Advertising Co.,
to any one. It has a map of Chicago's busi.
ness section, with railroad depots, hotels,
prominent clubs, elevated railroads, etc. It
also shows a large ground-plan to scale of the
Exhibition Hall, with full, detailed explana-
tions.

Our readers, when in Chicago, are urged to
visit this novel exhibition. They will be
courteously received, and all questions an-
swered by the gentleman in charge. }Iuch
that is profitable can be learned from the ex-
hibits of new, novel, and practical articles
that relate to agriculture.

June 20, 1907

553

American liee Joarnal>^y^

Mr. Hasty's Afterthought

(Continued from paire 536 )

rect, no doubt. Why 7 On the whole
it is a little surprising that as high as
42 percent should so disappear in 20
years. That's a bad, big rock on
which efforts to breed the non-swarm-
ing bee are going to go to wreck.
All'ee same, boys, breed that non-
swarming bee. In choosing your
" timber " to start with, choose some
totally disinclined to swarm, if you
can find such, and some not totally,
but only sotnezv/ial disinclined. And
with both sorts great care about vigor
should be exercised all along — every-
thing inclining to peter out like the
above, to be thrown overboard at once.
The puzzle why colonies with 40
pounds of honey don't swarm seems to
me to be an easy one. Abnormal.
Normal colony uses up the honey rear-
ing young bees, and don't have 40
pounds in swarming-time. Such bees
dreadfully lethargic in disposition —
else queen a poor one, I ween. Page
392.

Back Numbers One Cent a Copy.—

We have quite a stock of numbers of the
American Bee Journal running back for sev-
eral years, which we will mail at one cent per
copy so long as they last. Send as many cents
as you wish copies. We have ihem complete
since Jan. 1st of this year. If desired we
will send all the back numbers of 1907 and to
the end of the year for only 50 cents. First
come first served.

Anierikanisclie Bienenziiclit.

by Hans Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's hand-
book of 138 pages, which is just what our
German friends will want. It is fully illus-
trated, and neatly bound in cloth. Price,
postpaid, $1.00; or with the American Bee
Journal one year— both for $1 75. Address
all orders to this office.

ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

I have 50 colonies of all Italian J L. Strong
stock and Quirin's. All are in good condition
in new Danzenbaker hives. Price $4 50 per
colony f.o.b. here. Satisfaction guaranieed.
BERT GANDER,

23A4t PANORA, IOWA.

3-Bandecl Italian Queens

J. P. Moore or my own strain. My apiary
is stocked with thousands of choice drones
that are not kin to my breeding queens.

<|ueens, 8t each; dozen, $10

I guarantee satisfiction, and superior
honey-galherers. W. M. Parrish,
23Atf R. R. No. S. Lawrence, Kan.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright fi.jlden and 3 banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. lam now book-
ing orders which «ilbe filed anu tilled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cen's
each: 6 fnr $3.35, or \l for $5 50- Tested, $100,
or 6 for $5.50, 2 frame nurlei with Youne Queen
afer June 1, $2.tO GEO. W. BARNES.

15A26t Box 343. Norwalk. Ohio.

"It Is contlnnous advertising
that impresses the public
with the stability of a firm

PRACTICAL POULTRY BOOKS

For Sale or Free as Premiums

(postpaid) for sending New Subscribers to the Weekly American Bee Journal; or we will club
them with the Bee Journal, as follows:

For each NEW yearly subscriber to the American Bee .Journal (at $1.00) that is send
us by an already paid-in-advance subscriber, we will allow 35c to apply on any poultry book in
the list; or, for si. 10, we will mail to any one the Bee Journal a year and the last book men-
tioned in the list; for $1.35 the Bee .Journal and any one of the .50c books: or, for SI SO we will
send the hrst book and the Bee Journal a year. Send all orders to the address as given below,

SUCCESSFUL POULTRY KEEPING Contains, we believe, more and better uractical reH-,l,l'
information on the subject of -Poultry for Profit" than any other book publUhedGive^^^^^^
cream of estabhshed facts. Compiled by the editor of the rLiIble Pol-ltry Touh va r . -ho w

.Tlus?rSer •""" °' ''"'"' ''''"'- '° '''' P°""^>- b-'"^-- 1^ Page°s'.'nTeir?welv;inch«!

-J Price Jl.OO

^°^^tJ:^\o^?.':'^wf.J:-^^r U,^J^^f^ Shows plans of all styles of low-cost, practical and labor-
,^on^ *;,,H , *^ , ^^ '"'^"J'''-'^' '*"'^'' ''S "'^st boxes, drop boards, etc . also roostine

coops and coMj.s for young chicks, and all necessary appliances for the poultry va?d It is t hi

Used as iText'lfook '^FcnrtT,.''""^ °-l '''l^'"'^ "^^^ "^'^ •"=<=" P'^-^d be?Sre t^e^poultrv p b fc
usea as a text book at Cornell University. % pages, nine by twelve, ill. Prjce 50c.

^'^Jfd'bro'^diii'.^'^-MKTo^.^ AND. BROODING Solves all problems of artificial incubating

THE CHICK BOOK Tells how to obtain good hatches under different conditions with hens and
with incubators; how to feed and care ftr chicks of all ages, with hens and in brooders how to
feed for breeders atid for broilers and roasters; how to build coops; gives complete iistruct^^^^ in
aU^work connected with successful chicken growing. 80 pages', Sne ™y"^eTve inches inus"

Price 50c.

THE PLYMOUTH ROCKS Barred, Buff and White. Make money and save years of useles..
er's'whf a-cha;;lc;",!id^chy;','" "'"='""*? 1°''°^^^ ^y the most succ'essS Pr3-mo\.rh Rock BreeT
™l;ir„i < .' j£'''"^i°"''"'= breeding. Specialists describe clearly and concisely their

"ches'^lllusTnUe^ """ ""'"""'S. Contains color plate of each variety. HO ^ages, n^ie b/twelve

Price 50c.

^^i!:^£^^i:^!^^]^^^^ ^"--'^•^ - ""^-^"^ o¥e£hibition"or ^^^

Price 50c.

''~"^^i,';?^"9'*'1^ T''^ best illustrated standard of all varieties of the popular Le<-horns Matini^
p'ate"fVc"viu'rLeJ?hn'^^ Vou cannot afford to be without this v^lu'^ble infoTmaion. Col"?
plate ot b. L, « lute Leghorn.,. ,8 p3ges. nine by twelve inches, illustrated. Price 50c.

ASIATICS A work on Brahmas. Cochins and Langshans. Contains "inside" information necessary
to success, and impossible to secure elsewhere. Contains standard and ideal charts for alHari?
ties. Colorplatvsof Buff and Partridge Cochins. 100 pages, nineby twelve, ill Price 50o

DUCKS AND GEESE Gives all details of hatching, rearing, fattening and marketing Contains
viiig methods followed on the great duck ranges, and by farmers who make

the actual lab<_'
duck and geest

-rowing profitable branches. 68 pages, nine by twelve, ill.

Price 5«c.

TURKEA S Every ,k a,l of the turkey business explained fully and clearly. It solves comorehen-
sive ly the diffcrcit branches of the market and standard- bfed turkey industries WrUt"? by the
world'.s foremost turkey growers. Contains color plate of ideal Brorize turkeys &J pales 'nne
by twelve inches, illustrated ■.u"^cj». m pages, nine

Price 50c.

'^"l?int"^,n'''hou- l",T:-h ■^'■■- "^V^"- '^"^Grew, judge and breeder, tells how to house, feed and grow
Bant.lm., hou t.. liiat their diseases, how to select and fit the best for the shows The most
complete illustr.a.d Bantam book published. 72 pages, nine by twelve inchel Price"oc'

RELIABLE POULTRY REMEDIES Points out the causes, describes symptoms and eives simple
and tested remta.es for all diseases. 84 pages, six by nine inches. ^ ^ prfce 25c

Send all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

554

American Hee Journal

June 20, 1907

Standard=Bred Italian

FREE

PREMIUM QUEENS

We are booking orders now for those Fine
Untested Italian Queens that we offer
every >ear PRKE to paid-in^advance sub-
scribers as premiums for getting NEW
subscribers for the Weekly American Bee
Journal. These orders are taken for May or
June delivery.

What Some Say of our Standard-
Bred Italian Queens:

George W. York <{• Co.: — The two queens re-
ceived of you some time ago are tine. They
are good breeders, and the workers are show-
ing up fine. I introduced them among black
bees, and the bees are nearly yellow now, and
are doing good work. A. W. Swan.

Nemaha Co., Kan., July 15.

George W. York ifc Co : — After importing
queens for 15 years you have sent me the best.
She keeps 9' 2 Langstroth frames fully occu-
pied to date, and, although I kept the hive
well contracted to force them to swarm, they
have np.ver built a queen-cell, and will put up
100 pounds of honey if the flow lasts this
week. Cbas. Mitchell.

Ontario, Canada, July 22.

George W. York <fc Co.: — The queen I bought
of you has proven a good one, and has given
me some of my best colonies.

N. P. Oglbsbt.

Washington Co., Va., July 22

George W. York tt Co.: — The queen I re-
ceived of you a few days ago came through
O.K., and I want to say that she is a beauty.
I immediately introduced ber into a colony
which had been queenless for 20 days. She
was accepted by them, and has gone to work
nicely. I am highly pleased with her and
your promptness in filling my order. My
father, who is an old bee-keeper, pronounced
her very fine. You will hear from me again
when I am in need of something in the bee-
line. E. E. McColm.

Marion Co., 111., July 13.

How to Get these Queens Free

To any one whose own subscription to the
Weekly American Bee Journal is paid in ad-
vance, we will mail a Fine Standard-Bred Un-
tested Italian Quten next May or June, for
each new name and address sent to us with
.?1.00 for the Bee Journal a year. No one can
get for himself the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen for SI. 00. The Queen is offered as a
premium for the work of getting some one
else to take the Bee Journal a year. If you,
yourself, want the Bee Journal a year and the
Queen, send *1 50 for the two, and we will
book your order for a Queen. Queen orders
will be filled in rotation — " first come, first
served." Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

*«Bf^»

Lan^stroth on the
Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Edition.

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ougfht to be iu the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 600 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal — Mr. C. P. Dadant.

Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
success with bees.

The book we mail for $1 .20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year — both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
ot work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W.Jacksoo Blvd., - CBICAGO, ILL.

Well-Bred (JaeeDS

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for Cook's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook'iii Square Honey- Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of HiTes, Bees, and useful Implements.

J* H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cints brings sample jar by mail.

17A13t ■ Mention the Bee Journal

June 20, 1907

555

Anu>rican Hee Journal

SoiiiGinino lor Our B66-K66plno Sisters

Wo tliiiik all ladies will iiRree with us in sayliid that every man shciulil at least under-
stand some business with which, in ease of neeessity, he eould support himself and faniily.
The wealthiest people frei]iiently conie to want, and wretched, indeed, is the man wIkj can not
earn a livinj^ after his wealth is jjone. He sometimes lills the ^rave of a suicide. And wiiy, in
this enlightened ajje of progression, should not woman, as well as man, be at}le to depend uptjn
her own resources? In case her husband dies in poverty, must she starve or depend upon
charity) In case her husband fails to provide and prossiy mistreats the woman he has sworn
to cherish, must she humlily sul)mit? A THOUSAND TIMI';s, XO! Let every woman,
before she marries, have some Itnowledde that can be used to make her a livintr. Kvery mother,
rich or poor, should make her daughters, in a certain degree, independent, by giving them
some kind of a trade, and teaching them to be self-reliant. Mothers should have their daugh-
ters learn to sew, and not neglect this important part of their domestic education. The
daughter so taught will not only make a better wife and mother, but will also tie more likely
to secure a better husband, and will always command his respect, lie will not look upon her

as a helpless " know-nothing," but will know that if he fails in his duties, she can live without
him, and this can only strengthen the bond between them. A thorough knowledge of dress-
making can always be turned into gold, and become the means of support for the mother and
her little ones. She may never have to use this knowledge in this way, but she has a trade and
can use it if necessary.

The outline cut shown herewith is a condensed copy of THE NEW LONDON
LADIES' TAILOR SYSTEM for drafting and cutting ladies' and children's garments.
For simplicity and accuracy it has no superior among the more expensive systems. Thousands
of girls have learned more about drafting and cutting with this system than they knew about
it after serving their apprenticeship in some of the dressmaking shops of the Uhited States
and Canada. Thousands of the best garment cutters have laid their coiuBlicated and expensive
system aside, and are now using THE NEW LONDON TAIIiOll SYSTEM. Thousands
have been sold at $.5 00 each, but we will mail it Free to a paid-in-advance subscriber to the
American Bee Journal for sending us two new subscribers at .^1.00 each; or we will send it
to any one with a year's subscription to the American Bee Journal, both for $1.75 ; or, we will
mall the Tailor System alone for $1.00. Address all orders to

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

ii8 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAQO, ILL.

Moore's LonK-Toneue and Qolden
—QUEENS—

Fine Selei-t Unteetfd Queens, -Jl; 6,«5; 12, »9.
Te8ted,$t.50; 6, JS, Best Fireedern, rl SO. Safe
arrival guaranteed. W, H. KAILS, Orange, Cal.

*^DlSt Please mention the Bee Journal.

DOOLITTLE & CLARK

Have boine fine Italian (jueens of last fall's
rearing that are ready to l)e sent out, by re-
turn mail, at i2.:>it and ?.=> 00 each.

Borodino, Onondaga Co., N.Y.

21Dtf Please mention ide Bee Journal.

Engravings ForSale

"We are accumulatia^ quite a stock of engrav'
lugs that have beea used in the American Be«
Journal. No doubt manj of them conld be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and using' in our columns. If there is acy
of onr engravings that any one would like to
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

CHICAGO, ILI.

*Standard=Bred Queens

Reared from Imported and Home-Bred Cau-
casian, Carniolan, Hall's Superior Goldens,
and Leather-Colored Italian Breeders. Their
bees are honey -getters. Untested Queens, $1 ;
6, ?.=>; 13, .$!l. Select untested, .?1 25; 6, -$6; 12,
$10. Tested, $1.50; select. f2 50; best, -55. List
free. T. S. HALL,

llDSt JASPER, Pickens Co., GA.

.Mention Be« Journal when wrltlns.

The Emerson Binder

This Emerson stiff -board Binder with cloth
back for the American Bee Journal we mail
for but "5 cents; or we will send it with the

Bee Journal for one year— both for only $1.50.
It is a fine thing to preserve the copies of the
Journal as fast as they are received. If you
have this " Emerson " no further binding is
necessary.

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.

118 W.Jickson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

556

June 20, 1907

American Vae Journal

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM M Extracts from Catalogs — 1907:

CLEAN ^T^B Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111. — This is the Smoker we

11^^ « recommend above all others.

u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. — The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 18"8,
1S03, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine — largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use 1.10 — SJ'j

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large — lasts longer than any other 90—2)^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-ofiice free. We send circular it requested.

Original Biagham & Hetherington Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGttflM. Farwell, MiGH.

Patented May 20. 1870. BEST ON EARTH.

wmx% GoniD Founflawon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone it owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free Catalog and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Mention Bee Journal when wrltlne-

Meal Hive-Tool-" Best on the Market"

Bee-keepers have long needed a special tool to aid them in properly manipulating the
hive-parts during the bee-season. The one shown here does the work to perfection.

(This picture is exactly one-half the size.)
DESCRIPTION.-The Idea! Uive-Tool is made of hiph-grade malleable iron, much like wrought iron.
S\i inches long. The middle oart is l 1-16 inches wide and 7-32 thick. The smaller end is \% inches long. H
inch wide, and 7-3:2 thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wedge-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it alm'tst perfect for prying up supers, as it does not mar the wood.

What Some Bee-Experts Say of It.

Louis C. Dadant (sod of C. P. Dadant) wrote us May 10, 190r: "Your Hive-Tool is
certainly the best on the market, and after having used one of them no bee-beeper would do
without it."

In the arst edition (1003) of Dr. Miller's " Forty Tears Among the Bees," page 58, he
says: " Of all the hive-iools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool.'' On Jan. ?, 1907, he
wrote us, saying he thought " iust as much of the tool as ever."

Mifs Wilson. Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool: "It is an ideal
tool. In fact, I don't see how it could lie improved upon, lam sure we would feel utterly

lost in the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its

worth."

The " Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool FKEE as a premium to any present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber to the American Bee .Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a
year at SI. 00; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool
— both for $1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO., ii8 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

Id every country tue snccessfnl aflyertiser is ttie continuous aflyertisp'

REE DAni/C Sent postpaid by
DCr, DUUIVO George W.YOKK& Co.,
118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

Advanced Bee-Cultnre. Its Methods
and Management, by 'W. Z. Hutchinson.
• — The author of this work is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read his book; 330 pages; bound in
cloth, and beautifully illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Cnlture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Scientlflc ftueen-R earing, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I..nng.strotU on the Honey-Bee, revised

by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
Xo apiarian library is complete without
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth — the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey ns a Henltli Food. — This is a.
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C.C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it. etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Example copy for 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Among: tlie Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 328
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

*'The Honey-3Ioney Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet, 5?4x8V4 inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupying
a full page, but in different parts of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely. "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom." "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
.iect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

June 20, 1907

AmericaiTBec Jonrnaljgi^^^^^^n

While the Present Stock of these BEE- HIVE CLOCKS lasts, we will sell
at only $1,50 each, ''y express ; or $2.00 for the Clock and the Weekly

them

American Bee Journal one year

Better order at once, I)efore all are gone.

With the

Tfi£> U£>£> Uivp rinrl/ a $4.oo clock for $2.50

IIIC DCC"niVC LIULIV American Bee Journal L';h"f.rr Only $3.00

Wo have originated and had made specially
for our readers, a bronzod-rretal Clock, called
"The Uec-Hive Clock." It is lo'^ inches
wide at the base, 9% inches high, and deep
enough at the base to stand firmly on a man-
tel or elsewhere. It is a beautiful piece of
work, and would be both ornamental and
very useful in any house, and particularly in
a bee-keeper's home.

The Clock part itself is warranted for 3
years to keep good time. So it is no play-
thing, but a beautiful and needful article for
everyday use.

Clocks like "The Bee-Hive Clock " usually
sell in the stores at from if4.00 to $5.00 each,
but having them made for us in quantities
enables us to offer them at $2.50 each by ex-
press, or with the American Bee Journal a
year— both for only $3.00. Either Clock or
Journal would make an ideal gift.

How to get "The Bee-Hive Clock"
FREE

Send us 5 New Subscribers to the

Weekly American Bee Journal for one year,
at $1.00 each, and we will send you this beau-
tiful " BeeHive Clock " FREE (excepting
express charges). Or, send us 4 Ne^v Sub-
scribers {at $1.00 each) and 60 cents— $4.50
in all. Or, 3 New Subscribers (at $1.00
each) and $1.00— $4.00 in all. Or, 3 New
Subscribers (at $1.00 each) and $1.50—
$3.50 in all.

Only $2.50. f.o.b. Chicago, by Express.

Weight, with packing, about 4 pounds.

What Dr. Miller Thinks of the
Bee Hive Clock

Busily ticking away, in the room where I
am sitting, stands a genuine bee-keeper's
clock (please understand that the word "gen-
uine" belongs to the clock and not to the
bee-keeper) .or, as the legend upon the clock
has it, "The Bee-Hive Clock." I don't know

whether the idea of getting up such a clock
was ccinciived in the brain of the Editor of
the American Bee Journal, or whether he got
it elsewhere, but the wonder is that such a
thing was uot thought of long before.

Setting aside all idea of its association with
the business of a bee-keeper, there is a pecu-
liar appropriateness in having the minutes
aud the hours " told off " in a case represent-
ing the home of the busy little workers. The
glance at the clock, with its ceaseless tick,
tick, tick, tick, can not fail to remind one
that the Hying moments must be improved
now or be forever lost, and that suggestion is
reinforced l)y the thought of the never ceas-
ing activity of the little denizens of the hive,
always busy, busy, busy, working from morn
till night and from night till morn, working
unselfishly for the generations to come, and
literally dying in the harness.

Let us be thankful that the form of the old-
fashioned straw hive or skep was adopted, and
not that of any modern affair, patented or
unpatented. The latter smacks of commer-
cialism, but the former of solid comfort, for
no other form of hive has ever been devised
that contributes so fully to the comfort and
welfare of a colony of bees as does the old-
fashioned straw-hive. It appeals, too, to one's
artistic sense as can no angular affair of more
modern times. As an emblem of industry,
artists have always used — probably always
will use — the old straw skep.

Thanks, Mr. Editor, for furnishing us a
time-keeper so appropriate for all, and espe-
cially for bee-keepers. C. C. Milleb.

Address all orders to GEORGE W. YORK &. CO.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

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558

American ^ee Journal

June 20, 1907

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Money-Producers

Texas
1)^ Queejis

The Famous
Honey-
Prodncers
I am bookiDg orders now for April, May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Goldens — equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices :

Tested Queens SLOG each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted " 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf QRANT ANDERfON, Sablnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michiqan
Let ns quote ycu prices ou Sections. Hives,
FouDdation, etc , as ^e can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored, Oae colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Order now for delivery In season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six,J5.00. Tested, $1.50 ap.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO, ILL. R.D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circulars Free.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when writing.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .90

" Tested Queen 1.10

" Select Tested Queen 1.40

" Breeder Queen 2.20

" Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 95

'* Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Untested in May. Allothers
ready now from last reason's
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and drscriptioti of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.
^ J. L. STRONG

5Atf 204 E. Logan St., Clakind.i, Iowa.

flnoel'sGoKlenBeauVies

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for SJ.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAnUEL n. ANQEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, EVANSVILLE, Ind.

Your Order for Queens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply botli
tested and untested Iti lian Queens, your
choice ol either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, ¥1.00
each; Untested Queens, 75 cents; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20itl UOREACTILLE, Iberia Pa., La.

Meatlon Bee Jonmal wtaea wrltlBS.

I

BEE-SUPPIIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee=Mives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Langstroth, Alternating^,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Remember that half the
work atid worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other
make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical, and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates ; tell us what you want.

KRET6HMER MFG. GO., Gouncil Blutfs. Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., JVIuscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co,, 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

It

M entlon Bee Journal when vrrltlnK-

r\l TPf^XI^ Caucasians, Italians, Cyprians
V ^ E; l-rl ^ O and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one extra
best select breeding Queen. $3.^: one besi imported
direct from Caucasus, $4.50. Golden nil-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing, $2.00; one best imported, best Italian orCarni-
olan Queen, ifi'.ao. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding, $i.^0; one best imported direct from
Cyprus, $3.50. Prices in July, August and Septem-
ber. -'jO cents leas than in May and June. Special
prices for 50 and 100 Queens. Caucasian, Italian.
Cyprian, and C'arniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon, India. etc.,$l more.

E. HAUNSCHILD. the Queen-Breeder.

20Al3t Weissbach b. Pulsnitz, i. Sa., Germany.

S-Fraine lialian Nuclei

3-frame Nuclei of fine Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at $3.25 each; or in
lots ol 5 or more Nuclei, at §3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west ol Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W. Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

Do You Like to be
Stung ?

What's the use wearing an old style
net bee-veil that blows in your eyes,
sticks to your face, and gives the bees
a chance to hand you a hot one ?

The Muth Ideal Bee-Veil

(75 cents, postpaid)
keeps the bees at at a distance because
it is made of light indestructible wire
and strong cloth. You can see through
this wire as if it wasn't there ; and you
can smoke'inside the veil all you want.
It can't catch fire.

If vou buy the has-been kind of veils

You Certainly ARE " Stung !"

You get dollars of satisfaction out of it. No doubt about this — it's the
best-ever veil on the market.

Better send for one today — don't be a drone.

We're big people in all bee-supplies — ask for catalog.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

The Busy Bee-Men,

51 Walnut Street, - CINCINNATI, OHIO

All Rights Reserved.

Mention Bee Jonmal vrhen vrrltins.

June 20, 1907

559

American Hee -Joarnaljlgr''^ %

^E

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Tlie

AniBricaii Bee -Keeper
[or 13D7

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientiflc na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We liave published the American ]Jee-
Koeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, 50 cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-listof BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE YV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Dept.B. JAMESTOWN. N. Y.

[Established 25 years.J

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlBK.

Chicago, JuneS.— Not any of the honey yield
of 1907 has appeared on this market, and with
the choice white grades of last year's comb
being^ exhausted there is praciically nolhii p to
base values on other than that of history, for
there is always a limited demand for honey.
New white c^mb of g"ood flavor would sell at
16c; no demand for other grades. Extracted is
also exhausted of best srrade. Beeswax Is sell-
ing on arrival at 32c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Cincinnati, May 23.— There is no material
change in the honey market at this writing.
Extracted honey is not moving so rapidly as it
could, owing to the cool weather. We quote
amber in barrels at S5i@6Wc; fancy table honey
in crates of two 60-pound cans at S@'>c. For
choice, yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are
paying 31c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, June 10.— The honey market
has been quite brisk for this time of the jear.
A number of odd lots have been cleaned out of
the market. We quote: Fancy comb, 14@15c;
No. 1, 13'ai4c; amber, I2@13c. Fancy white ex-
tracted, 7@8c; light amber, b@7c. Beeswax
firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

New York, May 21.— White comb honey is
practically cleaned np, and there is very little
demand at this time. There is some dark and
mixed comb on the market, but no demand to
speak of, and some of this will have to be car-
ried over until next season, or sold at a sacri-
fice. Therefore we cannot encourage ship-
ments of off grades or dark honey at this time.
Extracted honey is in fair demand and prices
are ruling firm. There is very little new crop
arriving as yet from the Souih, and while it is
rather early, we doubt whether we will have
any large shipments from the Southern States
this season, as we fear there will be a short
crop, judging from the reports we are receiv-
ing. There is quite a good stock of last year's
crop still on the marker, sufficient to last until
the new crop from various states arrives.
There is no change in orice as to extracted
honey since our last. Beeswax firm and likely
to remain so for the next 2 months.

HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN,

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete stock for 1SX)7 now on hand.

CINCINNATI

PREIGHT-

RATESCFROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

asmofit all freight now goes through Cincinnati.

Prompt Service is what I practiee.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BUYING FROM ME. 'i:TtlZlt '""

A Special Discount on Early Orders.

QUEENS i

Let me

book

Order^ for

L,ArVS, and CAUC'ASIAI«S

For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

red in separate apiaries,
lie4,iUL,l>l^:'> ft:!..
.0%VS, CAK.XIO-

C. H.W.WEBER ^=;

Office and Salesrooms, 2146,-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

Indianapolis, April 12.— comb honey is not
plenutul, but demand is slack. Faacy white
comb brings I6(tt'l7c; No. 1 white, 14c; amber,
lafo-iac. Best grades of extracted htney bring
8@0c; amber, b(a>7c. Good average beeswax
sells here at $35 per 100 pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

ToLKno, May 3.— There Is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season oftaeyear. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16(aii7c; No. 1, 15@16c, with no
demand for dark honev. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees
wax is brineing ZHc.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, June 1.— The honey market is
almost bare of comb honey, and demand good;
receipts of extracted are light, and demand
light; we qu te: No. I white comb, 24-section
cases, $3.25; N j. 2, white and amber, if 2.50@f2.75.
Extracted, white, per pound, 8c; a'»iber,7@7}^c.
Beeswax, 30f , C. C. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14-Producers in this State
are practically closed out of ooth comb and ey-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, f3; and good No. 2, S2,80. White
extracted, H@S^c per pound; light amber,
7K@8c. Clean, yellow beeswax, 27@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honky-Producbrs* Assn.

Cincinnati, May 21.— The market on fancy
white comb honey is entirely bare. No. 2 is
selling slowly at 12c. Extracted, light amber,
brings 5^@6c. Beeswax is selling heie at $35
per 100 pounds. C. H. 'ff, Wbbbr.

FOR 5ALE

1000 sixty-pound CANS. A No. 1 cooditioo,
packed two in a case. Cases also first-class.
Will sell them cheap.

Michioan White Glover Honeu Go.

24A4t

2') Woodbridge St., West,

DETROIT, MICH.

ou

Western Bee-Keepers s^^w^'

how to save money. Send (or our new cata-
log of the besi Uee-ware made.
THE COLORADO IIOSEV-PRODUCERS' ASS'S, DeDver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

•t

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, bnylog or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.
199 South Watbr St. Chicago, Ilu

Mention Bee Jonrnal wkca writlas.

If you want the Bee-Book

That covers the whole Apicnltural Field more

completely than any other pnblished,

send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal

FOR HIS

•♦Bee-Keeper's Guide."

Liberal Dliconnta to tba Trade.

8 We will Buy and p
1 Sell i

iHOIEYl

d& of tliB different grades and kinds, ^p

gM If you have any to dispose of, or if ^S

W& you intend to buy, correspond ^p

^S with us. ^^

We are always in.the market «g

Beeswax i

at highest market prices.

^ Hildreth & Segelken

26s & 267 Qreenwlch Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

mention Bee Journal Frhen writing.

560

June 20, 1907

American ^ec Journalj^^^^^^^ij

I MarsMield BeeCioods I

< fc

^ talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this «r-

r§ is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why should ^

^ we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory. ^

'.^ SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin. ^

!^ dovetailed; HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth. ^.'

J5 SMIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them. j!

iS SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST ^

•^ You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago ^;

^ there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The ^

r$ West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis. ^

;iS If you have not'yet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it. ^

^ MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis. S

1 t

;^ Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods: ^'.

IOWA— J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Otlumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Leogst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Snpply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA— N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA— H. V. Ryder, Phoenix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony. ,

ILLINOIS— D.L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. Hollowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^;

47th Year

June 27, 1907

Number 26

.^

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'e_

mm

i

41

1

i

— ==~T^

jTI

jm

1

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1^-^

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Y "^'^t'Jij

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.^8^

,^<

An Important Announcement

To the subscribers oj the American Bee Journal: —

Believing that the old American Bee Journal should occupy a wider field,
and thus be a help to a larger number of readers, we have decided to issue it
monthly, beginning with July (next month), instead of weekly, and at 25 cents a
year. This very low price will permit every bee-keeper everywhere to subscribe
for it, even if he or she has only one colony of bees. Yes, and any one who is
at all interested in bees as a Nature study will, no doubt, be glad to read it
regularly.

For 26'2 years the American Bee Journal has been issued every week, but
it has been found that there are only about so many bee-keepers who are suffi-
ciently interested in bees to think that they need a iveekly bee-paper. What we
want is a larger constituency, hence we believe that by publishing the American
Bee Journal once a month, and making the subscription price 25 cents a year,
we will be able to reach the goal of our ambition sooner, and at the same time
do a better service to all. (The yearly price to Canada will be 35 cents ; to Eng-
land and other foreign countries in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year.)

We believe that after a few months at least 99 percent of our present list
of readers will see that we have done wisely in making the change mentioned.

We are not quite ready to announce more of our plans just now, but will
do so in the July number and in those immediately following it. We trust we
may have the continued co-operation of all our old friends, and, of course, we ex-
pect very soon to enlist that of many thousands of new ones all over the world.

We may say that the monthly American Bee Journal will contain at least
32 pages each issue. The weekly number was supposed to contain 16 pages, so
that under the new plan there will be half the quantity of reading matter at only
one-fourth the former cost.

The July number will be issued about the 15th of the month ; then there-
after we expect to mail it on the 10th of each month. The advertising forms
will close on the 5th.

Of course, all who have paid their subscriptions in advance at the regular
SI. 00 rate (or the extra foreign rate) will be credited just four times as far ahead
as their present addres.n-label indicates. Those who are in arrears will pay at
the rate of SI. 00 a year up to the end of this month.

In the next issue we will be able to make further announcement. In the
meantime let us all hope that bee-keepers may harvest a good crop of honey, and
that although the prospects may have been discouraging, the silver lining of the
clouds may be revealed and all be prosperous and happy.

GEORGE W, YORK £ CO,
Chicago, III., ii8 W. Jackson Blvd.

("i

1

562

June 27. 1907

American ^ee Journal

PUBLISHED WtlEKLY BV

GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY

118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICES.

THE StTBSrr.IPTION PKICE of this Journal is
$l.t«i a year, in thelTnlted Stales ot America and
Mexico;'all otlier countries in llie Postal Union, M
cents a year extra for postase. Sample copy tree.

THE WRAPPER-1-ABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to wbich your subscription is paid.
For instance. "decuT" on your label shows that it is
paid to the end ot December. 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We do not send a
receipt for money sent us to pay subscription, but
change the date on your wrapper-label, wbich shows
that the money has been received and credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Time Discounts.

4 times.
13 " .
26 " .
52 " •

. . 5 per cent
..10

..20 "
..30 "

3pace Discounts.

100 lines.

500 ". .
lOOO " .
2000 " .

. 5 per cent

,10

.20 "

.30 "

These rates are subject to either time or space
discounts, at choice, but not both.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line, sub-
ject to the above discounts.

Goes to press Monday morning.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects o« tlie Association.

Ist —To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
awful riKhtB, , _.,... «

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of

hoDCy •

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

GeneralManaeer and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Flatteville. Wis.

B^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Bee-Keepers' Souvenir Cards

are just the thing.

We send them by Return Mall

O wcwt Tou BEE m HONEY.
cmccr this lonely heart?
Fob I WOULD Huo too all the Tint (

And we would (IfVEft PART

As most of our readers know, we have got
tenout a Souvenir Postal Card for bee-keepers
The cuts Herewith shew the card in reduced
size, and but one coloi , while the real card is
printed in 4 colors. It could also be sent to
honey-customers, to remind them that it is
time to buy more honey, etc. There are many
uses to which this Card can be put.

Prices— postpaid ; 3 cards for 10c (stamps
n iiilver), or 5 free with the American Bea
Jodrnaloie year at 81.00 ; 10 for 25c, There
is a blank space on the card about 2x3^
inches in size for writing. Send all orders to

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.
118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, IJ.L.

. Now is ttie Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES-

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Oovetalled Hives, Nections. Section-Holders,
Separators, Brood-Frames, Foundation, Smolders, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
make you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONEY,

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesota Bee-KeoDers' SuddIu 6o.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLIS, »IINN.

r\l ICCMC Caucasians, lalians. Cyprians
l^UCd'O and Carniolans

Prices in May and June: Caucasian— one extra
best select breedinK Queen. $3.00 : one best imported
direct trom Cauca.sus, $4.50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing «2oo; one best imported, best Itaiian orCarni-
olan Queen, $2,50. Cyprian: one e.vtra best select
breeding. $-'.W; one best imported direct from
Cyprus. $3.50, Prices in July, August and Septem-
ber ,.0 cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for 50 and lOo Qu.-ens, Caucasian, Italian,
Cyprian, and Carnlolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens, The addresses must be
clear- payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U, b. or
Canada. To Australia, Ceylon. India, etc..$l more.
R. MAUNSCHILD, the Queen-Breeder.

20A13t Weissbach b. Pulsnitz, i,Sa., Germany.

3-Fraiii6 Italian Nnclei

3-frame Nuclei of fine Italian bees with
Tested Italian Queens, at ?3.25 each; or in
lots of 5 or more Nuclei, at $3.00 each. Nuclei
will be shipped by express (charges not
prepaid), from a point 100 miles
west of Chicago. Orders will be shipped in
rotation— first come first served. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

118 W, Jackson Blvd., - CHICAGO, ILL.

BEE-SUPPLIES

PERFECT GOODS LOW PRICES

A Customer Once, a Customer Always.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufac-
ture Bee=Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail, Langstroth, Alternating,
and the Massie Hives, we make all of them. Remember that half the
work and worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods.
Every one knows the advantage of a good, substantial hive ; the quality
of material and workmanship in our hives are not excelled by any other

make. ^ ^ , ...

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is prac-
tical and when you once give our goods a trial you will have none
other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the sea-
son's supplies. Have you received our new 1907 Catalog? If not, write
for it at once. You cannot fail to understand how to order just what
yon want from our Catalog, it is the easiest to understand that you
ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates

i

tell us what you want.

KRETGttMER MFG. 60., Council Blutts, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., .Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th Street, Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

IMentlon Bee Journal Trhen vrxltlns.

I

Please Mention llie American Bee Journal

when writing
Advertisers f

June 27, 1907

-■^^5F1^5-=^

563

American Hee Journal

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

Full colonies,
choice Queens.

Herjihisor WavPress anil
Bee-Supplies. Good (Jootis
Shipiiieiit.

up-to-date hives; Nuclei and

oIIk'i
aiKl

fjewi«
Prompt

Any bee-koeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking atlvantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Havu solil several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

ItS^ >$en<I lor liwt of Sliglilly l>um-
a{!:<^<t <>oo«Ih io »><>lecl Ironi mi K«<1iiced
I*ri«-e». Also for lilO" Catalog of New (ioods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60pouDd cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Suppiy Co.

OUEENS FOR YOU

fiolden, (Jurnlolan, Caucasian, and .'(-band
Italians— your choice. Prices: Untested, T.^c;
Tested, $1 00. Prices on large riuantlties oroD
Bees given on application. Address,
NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINB CO.

JOHN W. PHAkK, Prop.. Bcrclalr, Tex.s.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

(Not Inc.)

I-Odg Uistaace Teleptione, North ISS'.l. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making^Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee journal.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, .?! each; Tested Queens, *2:
Select Tested, .<S. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H.

M. PARKER, JR.

JAMES ISLAND,

BEE ^ POUIiTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-Hives, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Brooders, Egg-Food, etc Every-
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the '■ Industrious Hen." Promp? shipments

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beginners — Free.

C. Wl. SCOTT CO. 1005 E.Wash. St., IndlanapoHs, Ind.

29Atf

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde-
structible, and (flvlng entirely satisfactory re-
sults. Comb foundation made easily and
qulcltly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
6heets,t2.uo. Oiher sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly ou
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN QETAZ,

4SAtf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Menf"-<n Bee Joamal vrben vrrlUac

Queen-Clipping Device Free!

The MoNBTTB Queen-Clipping
Device la a fine thing for use in
catching and clipping Queens'
wings. It is used by many bee-
keepers. Full printed directions
sent with each one. We mail it for
35 cents; or will send it FREE as
a premium for sending us One
New subscriber to the Bee Journal
Ifor a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we
will mail the Bee Journal one year
and the Clipping Device. Address,

OEORQE W. YORK & CO.,

- CHICAGO, ILL.

Please mention Bee Journal
when writing advertisers.

•• If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder."

Established 1889

Where the Little Things Count

By the Bee-Crank

T'

^HE BEE-MAN has before
him a constant reminder
of the importance of lit-
tle things. If the bee
ignored the tiny drops of
honey in the blossoms, and
collected it only when it caire
in chunks, there would be no
honey in the combs. If I gave
preference to the large orders
and neglected the small, I
should soon find a falling off on my hands, that, in
the aggregate, would mean a big loss.

It is because I realize this and take the same
pains to please the small customer that I do with
the large, that my business keeps growing.

I want your small orders. I will take good care
of them. You will get as good service from me on
small as on large orders, but I promise you good,
prompt delivery on either.

I sell Root's goods at Root's prices, and save you
time and money on shipments.

Beeswax bought, and the [highest market price
paid. Send large shipments by freight, and small
by express, and put your name on package.

Have you seen my new catalog ? It's yours for
a postal card request.

A Select Untested Hoosier-ltallan Queen— the

gentle strain — in return mail for one dollar.

W/ill'i'^1* ^ \^C\\tf\c^f 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue
yyCllLWl ^. I^LIUUCI INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

June 27, 1907

American "Rec Jioarnall

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

s^sK, iDOOPLS, BLinsriDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.

The A. I. Root Co. ,

Medina, 0. *:

Gentlemen: ^ ^

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so-called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it,
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

rry^. v,„„» i <= a rpfirpsentati ve letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be

^ pu'^chtsed cLarertTan a \;cafm'u ca"poss them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to

the minimum without sacrificing quality.

but using

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

•Wetnmpka.

Alabama

J. M. Jeukios

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calltornia

•Vresno Madary Planing Mill

•Lof ingeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

n-nver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

jif^i,^ Frnita bruit and Produce Ass'n

District ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

«ieorgia , „ ,

Savannah ^■..- . ^"^'"■" * ^""^^

124 Liberty St.

Illinois

Ciicairo The A. I. Root Co.

*-""^° 144 East Erie Street.
Indiana

T«^i,n,nnHR Walter S. Ponder

^"vtnsvine".:. Vickery Bros.

Iowa

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angnsta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachnsetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co .

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch M.H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

I*ew Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

^c-w York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

. I. Root Co.

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

ZanesviUe E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I> ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

WiUiamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

or goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered at, the Posl-OCQce at Chicago as Second-Class Mall-Matter.)
Published Weekly at $1.00 a Year, by Ut'orge \V. York & Co., 118 W. Jackson Blvd.

GEOKGK \V. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, JUNE 27, 1907

Vol. XLVn— No, 26

diforiaf ^otes
and fommenfs

Bees Building Up in Spite of Weather

The following was written June 11, at
Marengo, III. :

Mr. Editor: — On page 430 is a note from
me, written May 16, in whiich I mentioned
the deplorable weather, and said, "No matter
how good the season, it will hardly be possi-
ble for colonies to build up in time to do
good work on clover." Well, I didn't know
as much as I thought I did. At that date I
had not opened a hive for a number of days,
but I thought I knew enough about bees on
general principles to know that when the
weather was so cold right along that seldom
a bee could leave the hive, increase would be
very slow if it did not cease altogether. But
when I opened the hives a few days later I
was agreeably surprised to find that to all
appearance matters had been progressing just
as if the bees had been hard at work on the
flowers every day. 8o my humble apologies
are hereby tendered the bees for underesti-
mating their ability to withstand adversity.

Surprise No. 2 came when 1 found at this
later opening that some colonies were about
destitute of honey, although they had gone
into winter quarters heavy — very heavy — and
I had counted them safe till clover. Assuredly
they would have starved before that time if I
had not come to their assistance with solid
combs of honey, of which I had a good store.
C. C. Miller.

The moral of all this is that bees will build
up under quite adverse conditions, if they
7iave tut abundant amount of stores in sight.
Something like this seems to be the case:
Take 3 colonies of equal strength in early
spring, the first with enough stores to last, if
economically used, till clover bloom, and the
second with 10 pounds more honey than the
first. At the opening of the clover harvest,
the one may be found just as much reduced
in stores as the other. But while alike in the
amount of stores, they are greatly different in
strength. The one has turned its extra 10
pounds of honey into bees, while the other
has seemed to feel it could not indulge in

such expansion. Of course, the figures in
this supposed ease may never occur in actual
practise, but the principle illustrated is not
easy to dispute.

The; Isle of Wight Bee-Disease

The following note has been received at this
office, dated at Chicago, on June 10:

Editor American Bee Journal; — I en-
close a cutting from a recent issue of the
London Daily Mail, describing a peculiar dis-
ease which has attacked bees in Great Britain,
as perhaps you may not have seen it; and I
should be glad to know if yOu have iiad any
experience with any such disease and can
account for it. Thomas Erskine,

British Viee-ContncL

The clipping is in part as follows:

The ravages of the bee-disease in the Isle
of Wight are much worse than at first re-
ported, for among over 30 bee-keepers in dif-
ferent parts of the island, which a special
correspondent of the Daily Mail has inter-
viewed, he finds that 3 years ago they had an
average aggregate of :3'26 colonies, which are
now reduced to 2ii, while 14 of these are more
or less affected and are not expected to sur-
vive many weeks. In 15 cases the bee-keep-
ers have lost all their bees, and the array of
empty hives tells its own melancholy tale.

The symptoms are that the bees in hun-
dreds— and where several colonies are kepi in
thousands — are found on a warm summer day
crawling upon the ground unable to fly.
When examined and dissected the intestine is
full of a bright yellow pollen, moist and
sticky. When the diseased bees sting, some
of this yellow matter is deposited with the
sting, and after the swelling has subsided the
flesh is stained yellow, as in yellow jaundice;
but in the case of a healthy bee the sting is
white, and the effect on the flesh is red.

The article goes on to say that the sugges.
lions of the Board of Agriculture, " such as
requeening, disinfecting, spraying and feed-
ing, have already been tried without any

beneficial effect," and then gives, as the best
treatment, the treatment for foul brood with
the addition of feeding salicylic acid and
boracic acid for two weeks.

Considerable has been said in the Britieb
bee-papers about the matter, and at least one
continental bee-paper has called the disease
bee-paralysis.

The case is no doubt bad enough, although
the newspaper account, as in most newspaper
accounts when bees are under discussion,
may not be entirely reliable. It is hard to
believe that a bee with life enough to sting
would deposit ''yellow matter" with the
sting, and a bee-keeper is somewhat puzzled
to be told that " in the case of a healthy bee
the sting is white." After reading that, he
is likely to have some question as to the rest
that may be said.

However serious the case may have been,
no further loss can occur, since only 29 colo-
nies are left on the island, and one would
think that the surest way out would be to
destroy the 39 and begin again with a clean
bill of health. Little interest has been mani-
fested in the matter on this side, partly be-
cause so far away, and partly because of the
limited extent of the disease, the Isle of
Wight being less than a third as large as an
average county in Illinois. Yet if it should
turn out to be a new disease, more terrible
than any other yet known, it is well that we
should be informed about it in advance, for
bee-diseases have an insidious way of invad-
ing quite distant territory, no matter how
small the area originally affected.

Does the Queen Consciously Fertilize

Eggs?

As a contribution to this unsettled problem
the following Stray Straw is given in Glean-
ings in Bee-Culture, page 754 ;

I don't know whether worker-eggs are fer-
tilized by the will of the queen or automat-
ically. But I want to enter a protest against
what is generally considered as a knock-
down argument against the automatic theory.
It's given something like this :

" The claim that the smaller size of the
worker-cell compresses the abdomen of the
queen, automatically fertilizing the eggs, is
shown to be groundless by the fact that,
when a queen lays eggs in worker-cells not
more than i,-inch deep, there can be no com-

566

June 27, 1907

pression, and yet the eggs are fertilized."

Good friend, you must know that there is
no real squeezing of the abdomen, either in
a worker-cell or a drone-cell. The worL'er-
cell is a trifle shallower than the drone-cell.
May not that difference in depth cause such a
difference in the position of the queen as to
produce fertilization in the shallower cells 1
And would not fertilization be expected in a
still shallower cell? Did you ever know
drone-eggs to be laid in drone-cells only ^5-
inch deep? I don't think I ever saw such a
case; but I may not have observed closely
enough.

American l^ee Journal

One who has watched the queen at work
laying eggs can not fail to have noticed that
while the egg is being deposited the abdomen
is curved to no small degree, and it is easy to
believe that this curving is greater in a worker
than in a drone-cell, and still greater in a
cell only partially built out. It certainly
looks like scoring one for the compression
theory.

t^ ■■ ..'■;*.

^WfW^^^^

O)isceflaneo
ITecus - Items

^w^

Claim Bees are a Nuisaucc. — F. U.

Clum, of Cheviot, N. Y., is one of the many
" M. D.'s " thatare interested in bee-keeping.
Recently he wrote us as follows:

Editor Anerican Bee Journal:— I no-
tice in the American Bee Journal of May 23d,
that a subscriber living in a small town in
Wisconsin complains about a troublesome
neighbor who claims that honey-bees are a
nuisance. The subscriber wants to know
'■What to do with such a man?" The great
remedy is education. You notice by the en-
closed that we also have troublesome neigh-
bors in New York State, and my reply to
their complaint. After the complainants be-
came convinced of the value and the impor-
tance of bees, and that they are just as neces-
sary to the farmer, the gardener and the fruit-
grower as to the bee-keeper himself, the op-
position promptly ceased, and the complain-
ants felt heartily ashamed of their previous
ignorance. If other bee-keepers would pub-
lish similar communications in their local
newspapers, 1 think it would greatly benefit
all parties concerned. F. D. Clum, M. D.

The newspaper article referred to reads as
follows:

Complaint Against A Bee-Reeper.

A complaint composed and written by
Amasa P. Lasher, and signed by John Petsil,
was recently presented to the Germantown
health officer, " protesting against the con-
tinuance of a colony of bees located on the
premises of Dr. F. D. Clum, in Cheviot."

Why should the gentle Italian bees, which
every one knows never sting unless molested,
be complained of when the 10 to 20 colonies
of the stinging black bees owned for the last
20 years by Charles Rockefeller (who is just
as near a neighbor to Messrs. Lasher and Pet-
sil as is Dr. Clum) have not caused a single
complaint in times past? Moreover, there
are, all told, about 100 bee keepers in the
town of Germantown who own colonies of
bees, varying in number from 1 to 135. Why
have none of these been complained of?

Taking these facts into consideration, it
looks as if the complaint were iliade for the
purpose of making trouble for Dr. Clum, or
as a matter of revenge or spite.

Any fruit-grower who will, year after year,
kill and eat robins and other birds in viola-
tion of the law because they destroy a few
cherries, is probably so ignorant that he does
not know or appreciate their value on his
fruit-farm as destroyers of various injurious
insects and worms. It is not expected that
such a person has sufficient intelligence to
know the value and necessity of bees on his
fruit-farm ; but Amasa P. Lasher has spent
the greater part of his life teaching school.

and for that rfiii-on is supposed to ha\ea
least average intelligence. Now can it be
possible that he does not know that bees are
a necessary insect for the fruit-grower i That
as they live over winter, in the early spring
they fertilize the fruit-blossoms when there
is no other insect to do the work? He, as an
instructor of the young, should know that
bees are as necessary to plants as plants are
to bees.

In the complaint, composed and written by
Amasa P. Lasher against the bees on Dr.
Clum's. place, appears the following state-
ment:

" Complainant further alleges and believes
that the bees have a destructive power that
robs the fruitgrower of the legitimate profits
that should accrue from his exhaustive labors
by destroying a large percentage of the small
fruit."

The above statement is so directly antago-
nistic to the true facts that I would not be-
lieve that Amasa P. Lasher had written it
until I saw it in his own handwriting. Can
it be possible that a man who has taught the
Cheviot school the greater part of his lifs
does not know better? If he does not, it is
my opinion that the school needs a more en-
lightened teacher.

It is like thrashing old straw to state that
bees never touch perfectly sound fruit. Their
physical make-up renders it impossible for
them to do so; but if fruit is crushed or in-
j ured and the j uice exudes, the bees gather to
collect what could otherwise go to waste.

Messrs. Lasher and Petsil own vineyards,
and for their information I will state that if
they care to investigate the matter they will
find that the English sparrow is most de-
structive of grapes, and in the city of New
York have been seen to tear open packages to
eat the grapes within. There is also a small,
swift-flying, shy bird, called the Cape May
warbler, which appears about every vineyard.
It comes early in the morning, just at the
break of day, and (or that reason is seldom
caught in the act. It has a long, sharp,
needle-like beak, and after alighting on a
bunch of grapes it will puncture grape after
grape as fast as one can count. The bee that
follows later to collect the sweet juice that
exudes and goes to waste gets the blame for
puncturing the grape.

Perhaps it is well to republish the follow-
ing extracts from one of my communications
to the Register of May 1, as follows:

Value of Bee8 to Horticulture.

The fruit-grower, gardener or farmer who
does not realize and appreciate the great
benefit he derives from honey-bees in the
great work of cross-pollination, which is im-
peratively necessary to his success, does not
fully understand his business.

Botanists classify plants in their relation to
fertilization into two classes, viz.: Those
fertilized by the wind and those fertilized by
insects.

In many varieties of plants and trees the
stamens that bear the pollen, or male ele-
ment, are on one plant or flower, and the
pistils that grow the ovules— the female ele-
ment—on another. If it were not for the
fact that insects— chiefly bees— carried the
pollen from one flower to the stigma of an-
other, there would be no seeds or fruit grown.
The pollen-grains are so constructed as to
adhere to the insect that visits them, and
then be carried from flower to flower.

In the large greeu-houses near our large
cities where early cucumbers, etc., are grown
for the market, it is always necessary to have
o le or two colonies of bees inside to fertilize
th) blossoms. No bees, no cucumbers, un-
less men go around with a brush and dust
tne pollen from one flower to another, which
is very laborious and expensive work.

Those who grow flowers doubtless have ob-
served that the f uschia and begonia never pro-
duce seed in a closed room; yet when set
out-of-doors where bees can get at them they
seed abundantly.

All kinds of fruit are greatly benefitted by
bees, and a large proportion of our fruit,
such as apple, pear, and particularly the
plum, would be barren were it not for the
honey-bee; therefore, the iotelligent fruit-
grower, farmer or gardener, is always glad to
have a bee-keeper locate in his immediate
vicinity, for he always derives very much
more benefit from the bees than the bee-
keeper himself. In fact, profits from keep-
ing bees are so uncertain that it is very rare
indeed that a bee-keeper tries to make a liv-
ing from it.

Lastly, I will inform Messrs. Lasher and
Petsil, as well as all others interested, that
the National Bee-Keepers' Association will
back all of its members. Any number of
legal decisions have been handed down to
prove that bees are not a nuisance lY >•' :
that when they are properly kept, and due
precautions used, as on my isolated place,
that ihey can not be driven out of the town.
There are several precedents from various
courts, even from a State Supreme Court, to
show that bees have a right to be kept, even
within a corporation like any other stock,
and any village ordinance not in conformity
with these decisions is unconstitutional; and
that several ordinances declaring bees to be a
nuisance have been repealed. This, probably,
is the reason why Amasa P. Lasher could not
get the State Board of Health to take action
in the matter, and explains why his paper of
complaint was returned to the Germantown
otHcials; but as the matter is to come up at
the next meeting of the Germantown Board
of Health, it remains to be seen what they
will do. F. D. Clum, M. D.

The six paragraphs following the heading,
"Value of Bees to Horticulture," contain
just the kind of information that should be
republished far and wide in local newspapers.
No doubt almost any of our readers could
have his local editor use it if he requested
him to do so, and if, at the same time, he
were given a copy of it.

It is just as Dr. Clum says, ignorance is at
the bottom— and also at the top— of nearly
every complaint against bees. Most people
do not know the value of bees to fruit-grow-
ing else they surely would not oppose the
presence of bees.

It will take quite a long time to inform all
the people who need to be taught concerning
bees and their great importance, but bee-
keepers should do all in their power to see
to it that, so far as possible, apicultural
knowledge shall "cover the earth as the
waters cover the sea." Let us all do what we
can to hasten the coming of the brighter bee-

June 27, 1907

American liee Journal

keepinK day wheu all the world shall know
the truth about bees and honey, which truth
shall make them free — from ignorance, and
prejudice, as well.

A Section-Si/,0 Correction.— We have
received the following from Mr. Wm. M.
Whitney, of Lake (ieneva. Wis., under date
of .June 17:

Mk. Kditok:— In the report of the Chicago-
Northwestern Bee-Keepers' convention, on
page 531, I am made to say that I have sec-
tions 4%x5''s, which is far from correct. Such
a section as that, if properly completed, would
weigh at least 1", pounds. It so blunts the
point intended to be made as to make a bad
blotch. The section is 35'bX53„— 7 to thefoot —
a little narrower than the 4x5 plain, but taller
and thicker, weighing, when nicely capped,
just 16 ounces — have weighed dozens of them.
The double supers, as I call them, with sec-
tion-holders and fence, hold 48 sections each,
which is put on a strong colony in time of
good honeyllow, and often duplicated. Bees
work in them better than in the 4)^ section.
I don't know why.

My hives are overflowing with bees, Init I'm
feeding, anxiously looking for white clover.
Wm. M. Whitney.

Analysis of Pollen. — Having on page
429 reported an unsuccessful search for an
analysis of pollen, Mr. W. K. Morrison
kindly comes to our aid with the following:

Albumen— r percent.
Peeticacid U _„.„_.
Grape sugar ) '^ Pe^ent.

Butyric acid
Myricene

6. Pal matin acid ;• 5 percent

Stearine acid

Oleic acid J

Glycloxyd.

.Vnthosmim.

Hyppurio acid.

Cerinthin.

Pollenin.

Cellulose.

Eritholin.

Honey as a, HealtIi>Food. — This
is a 16-page honey-pamphlet intended to help
increase the demand for honey. The first
part of it coatains a short article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people are
educated on the value and uses of honey, the
more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a 2-cent
stamp; 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2 25 ; 500 for $4.00 ; or 1000 for J7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bottom
of front page on all orders for 100 or more
copies. Send all orders to the office of the
American Bee Journal.

" Songs of Beedoni." — This is a beau-
tiful 16-page-and-coyer pamphlet, 6x9 inches
in size, containing 10 bee-songs — words and
music — all the songs so far written specially
for bee-keepers, we believe. It is nice, as
well as convenient, to have these songs all in
one binding. Every bee-keepers' organiza-
tion should have copies for use at conven-
tions. They could be sold to members after
using once, or held by the secretary for use
at future meetings. Of course, every bee-
keeper's family will want at least one copy.
It is sent, postpaid, for only 25 cents, or 3
copies for 60 cents; or, we will mail one copy
with the American Bee Journal one year —
both for $1.10. Send all orders to the office
of the American Bee Journal.

No. 5.— Comb-Building and

Obtaining Surplus Honey

Cheaply

BY R. C. AIKIN

In the previous article I discussed
nuclei and how to make them. Still
further back in these articles — in Nos.
2 and 3 — I mentioned the making and
use of nuclei. I also have made refer-
ence to specialty in the use of bees ;
that is, running part for honey and
part for colonies for next year, and
now I want to speak of another spe-
cial use of certain kinds of colonies,
and that is —

Building of Brood-Combs.

Every practical bee-keeper knows
that under certain conditions much
drone-comb will be built, while under
certain other conditions only worker
will be built. Years ago Mr. Doolittle
told us how to utilize weak colonies,
and specially weak ones with young
queens in getting straight all worker-
comb. It is a fact that a weak colony
with a young queen will build almost
exclusively worker-comb, and under
certain conditions they will build just
as pretty, straight ones as can be had
from comb foundation, and do it
more cheaply than by the use of it.

Here is another fact— I previously
mentioned this point — a small colony
just getting started with bees to cover
well one to 3 combs and brood in pro-
portion, will put up more honey (that
is, gather, store and consume) than a
like number of bees under other condi-
tions. When the young are hatching
fast, and there is a good proportion of
nurses and comb-builders, it is aston-
ishing how much they will build, and
how well they will do it.

Suppose you have started with a 1-
frame nucleus. First, put the one
frame at the side of the hive, and next
to this put a drone-comb, or one mostly
drone. Such a colony will not use the
drone-comb for anything but honey-
storage, and if they begin to get
crowded they will put almost every bit
of the honey in the drone-cells and fill
the worker-comb with brood from end
to end. When the colony can use more
space, move the brood from the hive
side and put in a frame with a starter ;
this gives the hive side, which is
straight, for one guide, and the face of
the comb next to it, having been next
to the hive side, will be as straight as
a board, for it was lined by a board ;
there they will build as good a comb
as if foundation were used.

But you may object to having them
build next to the outer wall, as being
too cold ; in a few cases that may be a

valid objection, but you can get exactly
the same results by using a dummy or
follower board, putting the drone next
to the hive side, and the brood-comb
between it and the dummy.

As fast as the comb is built in the
first frame given, it will be used by the
queen, and it won't be many days until
it is full, when it should be moved
from the old one and a starter put be-
tween it and the old one, and also at
the same timeone put between the new
one and the dummy ; these two will be
built about as quickly as the first one.
And right here is the time that another
drone-comb may be put on the inside
next to the dummy, the presence of
drone-comb will encourage the build-
ing of worker-comb. If you do not
have dummies to use just let a drone-
comb serve in its place ; I often use a
comb instead of a dummy.

We have now given the colony 3
starters, and with a young, vigorous
queen you can depend upon 99/100 of
the comb in them being worker, if you
have followed the plan outlined. At
this time, if there has been free gath-
ering of nectar, the drone-combs should
be full of honey, and now 2 more
frames may be given, this time putting
them as near the center as may be, and
they may be put both together and be-
tween the 2 nicest, straightest sheets
of brood. Note this fact : A sheet of
brood to build comb next to is better
than a board, every time ; it is a warm
place, and where the nurses are doing
much business ; there the fewest bees
necessary to the work can build.

Note also that a sheet of brood will
remain just as straight as when you
find it until the brood hatches from it,
or until they cease to breed in it and
put honey therein. Always, in any
colony, when you want to have a comb
built, put the starter next to or be-
tween sheets of brood ; if between
store-combs, and nectar is coming
freely enough to cause the combs to be
promptly filled, there is always a ten-
dency to lengthen the cells out into
the space in which the new comb is to
be built, until it is too narrow to build
even deep enough cells to rear brood
in. I have often seen full sheets of
foundation made into very thin combs
with a very thick one on either side,
and have seen even the two adjoining
combs with cells so lengthened that
they cut out entirely the new comb at
places. Yes, the best possible place to
build new combs is between sheets of
brood.

By the things pointed out in the last
paragraph, you will see that conditions
may make very different results ; where
you can get a good comb built one time
you may not the next. I hove indi-
cated the plan that will meet nearly

568

June 27, 1907

American ^ae Journal

every possible condition, so that even
the man of very limited experience
may succeed, and such work is the
finest kind of education for the begin-
ner— it is a whole lot better than pay-
ing out money for foundation. As one
gains experience, and his judgment is
sharpened, he can vary from the rule
because he will know when to do, or
not to do, this or that. It would make
this description very long and tedious
to go into all the details to explain
minutely the effect of variations in
temperature, honey -flow, changing pro-
portion of fieldera to nurses, etc.

Now when the colony has built 4 or
5 new combs, you have just about
reached the limit ; after that the queen
will begin to want drone-comb to lay
in. Whenever a colony has reached
the time they are about to occupy the
entire 7 to 10 combs, they instinctively
prepare for increase by the rearing of
drones, but up to the time they have
occupied about 6 combs it is worker-
comb they want and will build. With
old queens they will build less, and
other conditions affect results, too.

Getting Surplus Honey from Weak
Colonies.

These comb - building colonies —
whether from weak colonies that were
late in getting started in the spring
(for such can be made use of in getting
comb built) or from nuclei — will some-
times store quite a little surplus, par-
ticularly if extracted honey be pro-
duced. The drone-combs used can be
removed and their places filled with
ready-made worker-combs. These re-
moved drone-combs may be extracted
at the time of removal, or an excluder
may be put over the brood-chamber
and an extra body put above, and these
combs put into it and the rest of the
space filled with either starters or other
comb, or parts of comb of either drone
or worker. The best way is to put
these removed drone-combs in the cen-
ter and fill out the sides. If starters
be used there will of course be lots of
drone-comb built, but the excluder
keeps the queen from them, and noth-
ing is lost. A lot of new drone or
worker comb can be sold as chunk
honey, or it may be extracted to be
used over again, or may be broken
fine and strained ; or, what is the bet-
ter way, is to melt it, and so sep-
arate the wax from the honey. Each
100 pounds of new combs melted when
full of honey, will yield about $1 worth
of wax. It pays to do it.

There is no cheaper or easier way to
produ-e extracted honey on a small
scale than the above, or some modifi-
cation or variation of the plan. Honey
strained or melted out from these new
combs is every whit the equal of that
extracted by the centrifugal extractor ;
and if well done, that melted out is the
finer product of the three methods.
Honey separated from the comb by
heat, when well done, can not be
equaled for body and fine flavor ; it is
simple XXX.

The honey-producer who is getting
up No. 1 and fancy comb honey for the
general trade these days must be an
expert, and as I have previously indi-
cated in former articles of this series
the conditions that are required for obi

taiuing the desired result, to a more or
less extent, damage the future pros-
perity of the colony, especially for
withstanding the following winter. It
is better to specialize ; but with some
such method as indicated above one
may produce extracted, and that with
no particular skill as an apiarist, and
get as good returns from the bees and
leave them in better condition. Would-
be apiarists with modern hives trying
to run a machine and system they do
not understand, nor have yet become
even half-way bee-masters, usually
soon "blow up the boiler," and thou-
sands of us, with years of practise, do
likewise.

The divisible hive — that is, what is
known as the divisible shallow-frame
brood-chamber hive, as the Heddon
idea — is not understood by one in a
thousand of our best apiarists, and has
met with failure in the hands of many
who have tried them. _ The hive is dif-
ferent from what we have been accus-
tomed to, and must have its own meth-
ods to succeed. Lack of understand-
ing and proper method has caused the
failure, and not because of shallow
frame and divisible brood-chamber.
This reference to that hive and system
here is merely to point out a fact, and
not to discuss the merits of the hive

and its system. If one is beginning
anew, such a hive and its system might
well be adopted, but I am here trying
to teach the simplest and best methods
with the hive in common use.

No, no, we can not become experts
from the start ; it is well for us to
learn some of the details of the whys
for many things, as I have here indi-
cated. When we know from both the-
ory and practise what bees will do, and
the why of it, then it is time to under-
take the business as a business for
profit, and in a general commercial
way. I believe the man who allows
his bees to swarm as they will, follow-
ing their own instincts ; the man who
believes and advocates the let-alone
plan, and hives swarms, and puts on
supers, and shifts hives around a few
times, as the sum of his management,
is by no means an expert nor a mas-
ter. Get to the internal workings, and
know why this and that is done by the
bees, and do not trust to their wisdom ;
learn that the bee is not half as wise
as she gets credit for being. There is
reason for the things she does ; but
her doing is not prompted by any proc-
ess of reasoning, taking into considera-
tion cause and effect. That is the
master's part.

Loveland, Colo.

Conducted bj Emma M. Wilson, Marengo, 111.

Making Increase from One Colony

Dear Miss Wilson :— I have a colony of
Italian bees having a queen with clipped
wings. What can I do to make increase pos-
sible from the colony? I have read a good
deal about "shalie swarming,'' taking out
brood-combs, etc., bu I all of these methods
seem to lack details in the telling that makes
the operation doubtful of success for the
novice.

In transferring brood-comb to another
hive, what of the queen — where does the
queen come in?

Would buying a queen, and introducing
her to a nucleus of 3 or 3 frames of brood-
comb with adhering bees, be the right way to
do? or would it be better to move brood-
combs with bees and queen, and allow the re-
maining bees to build queen-cells and hatch a
new queen? Mrs. J. D. Black.

Albion, Ind., June 5.

You can increase with a clipped
queen in any way you could if the
queen were not clipped. In fact, it is
easier when thequeen is clipped, if you
increase by natural swarming. When
the colony swarms, instead of bother-
ing to hive the swarm, perhaps climb-
ing a tree to get it down, you pay no
attention to the swarm. Just watch
for the queen, and if you don't see her
as she comes out of the hive you'll be
likely to see her on the ground after
the swarm is up in the air. Pick her
up and put her in a cage. If you have

no cage you can put a tumbler over her
on a plate, but be sure not to set the
plate in the sun unless you want to
kill the queen. Set the old -hive a yard
or more away, put the new hive in its
place, and then sit down comfortably
and congratulate yourself that you
don't have to climb for that swarm,
which may be clustered away up high.
Don't worry if it doesn't come back for
10 or 15 minutes ; it will not fail to
come back. Generally, however, it
will not settle at all, but sail around id
the air for a little while and then come
straight to the new hive you have set
on the old stand. When the bees have
started into the hive, let out thequeen
to travel in with them — and there you
are. About the easiest way to increase,
if you have no objection to natural
swarming. After the swarm has gone
into the hive, set the old hive close be-
side it, and a week later move the old
hive to a new place 2 yards or more
away.

In transferring brood-combs to an-
other hive, if you mean transferring
from a boxhive to a movable-frame
hive, you merely get all the bees from
the box-hive into the new hive, and
the queen will be among them, although
you are not likely to see her.

You will get along faster if you buy
the queen. In that case, it will be well

June 27. 1907

American Hee Journal

to fasten the nucleus in its hive 2 or 3
days, otherwise too many bees will go
back to their old home.

If, however, you prefer to let the
bees rear their own queen, here's a
good way to proceed : Take 2 or 3
frames of brood with adhering bees
and the queen and put thera into a hive
on a new stand. Most of the force be-
ing left on the old stand, the strong
force will produce good cells, ever so
much better than a mere nucleus
would. In s or 10 days you will let the
hives swap places, taking all but 2 or 3
frames with adhering bees from the
queenless hive and giving them to the
queen. See that the frames left in the
nucleus have one or several queen-cells,
and destroy all queen-cells on the
combs you give the queen.

If you have further questions, don't
hesitate to call again.

Another Fairy Bee-Story

When the manufacturer of news
wants something better than common
upon which to build, he can hardly do
better than to tell what some man can
do with bees. Upon the smallest foun-
dation of truth he can build and build
until his superstructure is 'way out of
sight in the clouds. But if you want
to see the veracious reporter at his best,
just let him get an inkling of what
some woman has done, or is going to
do, with bees ; as witness the following
from the Chicago Daily News :

Queen-Bees at $300 Each.

Two score Italian queen-bees, valued at
from $50 to $200 each, arrived on Saturday on
the steamship St. Paul. They are the prop-
erty of Mrs. R. C. Riggs, of Kansas, who ac-
companied them.

Salerno, Italy, it seems, is headquarters for
the finest variety of Italian queens, and
thither Mrs. Riggs went for the express pur-
pose of buying a number of these valuable
little insects.

" The Italian queen," said Mrs. Riggs, in
speaking of her purchase, " is much larger
than the ordinary bee, and is of a beautiful
light gold color. It is worth literally dozens
of times its own weight in gold, because of its
marvelous productivity. No other bee can
compare with it in this respect."

Of course, having a valuable lot of mer-
chandise in her possession — her new bees are
valued at $1800— Mrs. Riggs wanted to have
them insured. The average person wouldn't
know where to go or what to do to get a
swarm of bees insured, but Mrs. Riggs did.
An Italian company assumed the risk for the
tiny creatures on their voyage to America, so
that her only danger lay in the journey be-
tween New York and Kansas.

"Of the tens of thousands of people who
eat honey, or see bees flitting about among
the clover blooms in summer," said Mrs.
Riggs, "very few know anything of the
trouble entailed in rearing bees, or realize the
immense capital that is invested in apicul-
ture. During the 16 years that I have been
in the business, I have expended something
like $125,000 on my apiaries. The returns,
however, have been fairly large, as I market
my honey in many cities.

"Bee-farming is not a business out of
which the novice can expect to reap much of
a harvest. People seem to think any fool
can make money at bees. It isn't so. The
theoretical and practical sides of apiculture
must be thoroughly mastered if one is to suc-
ceed in it, and that takes many years.

" Incidentally, the bee-farmer must not be
susceptible to the virus of the sting. Every
one who bandies bees, or is with them much,

must expect necessarily to take a certain
amount of stinging, and those who are con-
slilulionally not fitted to stand it are seri-
ously handicapped In the business.

Mrs. Riggs declares that she is absolutely
immune. ",\ncl yet I have been stung hun-
dreds of times at once," she says. " All my
assistants are equally immune— in fact, I
won't engage an employe permanently who is
not."

One of the funny things about this whole
business is that getting " stung " is supposed
to be good for the " rheumatiz." Mrs. Uiggs
says she actually has people come to her —
people who arc tortured by rheumatism —who
ask the privilegi; of placing themselves in the
way of being badly stung.- Of course, she is
always willing to accommodate them.

" ;\nd, oddly enough," she laughed, in tell-
ing about the c|uei;r request, " I have known
cases where getting stung really did relieve
terrible attacks of the disease — at least, the
sufferers declared it did, and they ought to
know."

It would be interesting to know just
how much basis there is for this re-
markable story. Possibly there were
2 or 3 queens with a value of ?2tof-^
each, and no one is likely to be more
surprised then Mrs. Kiggs to learn
what large proportions her operations
have assumed. Think of paying an
average price of S9i) each for 20 Italian
queens I But that is only in keeping
with the general outlay during 10 years
—"something like $12.=;,000." That
averages annually $7,812..=;o, and to re-
coup herself for such an outlay, even
if she made a profit of 7 cents on each
pound of honey, she would have to
produce each year a little more than
100,000 pounds. Strange that we should
never have heard of these large crops
before. And very likely the lady will
herself echo, '• Strange that /should
never have heard of it before '."

Rcflectioiiif

California Bee Keeper

W. A. i'KYAL, Aklen Statiou, Oakland, Calif.

Lungs— But Not of the Bee

Prof. Cook dilates upon lungs, in
Gleanings of April 1st. Yes, Califor-
nia is a great State for lungs. But
few who have real lung-trouble can ex-
pect to be cured by coming to the most
favored portion of the State. Some
may get relief for a time ; better stay
near home and get the treatment af-
forded by kind friends and dear rela-
tives. Doctors tell us that any change
is good for those thus afflicted for a
time, but after a time when the patient
becomes accustomed to the new cli-
mate, the system goes back, as it were,
to where it was at the beginning of the
"cure." I think the day will come
when a remedy will be found to banish
the lung-bacteria. And it will be one
of the greatest boons given to man.
And — but pardon me, I am getting
away from bees, even if this subject
may be excused as a reflection — not on
the Professor nor on our climate — but
as an observation on our breathing
mechanism.

Churcti Candles of Beeswax, Etc.

How oft we go wrong when we try
to write about the other fellow's re-
ligion. And it is hard to be helped,
inasmuch as there are so many of 'em
— both the fellows and the religions.
But let us try to be careful — have due
regard for our neighbor's creed, race
and politics.

Once upon a time I had a newspaper
detail that took me to the places of
worship of Jew. gentile and heathen ;
priest, rabbi and minister, I ha 1 to in-
terview. But this is neither here nor
there. Of course, I had to " post up "

in matters about the creeds and so
forth. It has stood me in pretty good
stead since. This is why I am making
this reflection.

The other night in reading up on
beeswax in one of the standard bee-
books, I noticed a cut of a big candle
under which was the title, " A Mam-
moth Candle for Sacramental Pur-
poses"— a statement which is as in-
correct as it is misleading. Candles
may be used or lit during the adminis-
tration of some of the sacraments in
several of the churches, but they form
no part of the service, that I am aware
of. A lighted candle is used as a sym-
bol ; that and nothing more, so far as
I know. Every Roman Catholic church
uses one of these mammoth candles
during a certain season of the year,
commencing at the close of Lent. This
reminds me that in a late number of
Gleanings, the editor, in mentioning
some of the uses to which beeswax is
put, mentions that the Catholic and
Greek churches use large numbers of
them on the altars. This would lead
the uninformed to believe that all the
candles used in such churches were
none other than beeswax. The law of
the church calls for at least two pure
beesivax candles to be lit on the altar
during the offering of the mass. From
this it may be seen that all others may
be of any other material — sperm, tal-
low, etc. And the same writer further
stated that wax-candles were used for
the reason that they did not produce a
smoke that was injurious to the orna-
mentation of the interior of the edifice.
I do not know where the editor re-
ceived his information ; I know as a
fact oil-lamps are used in country
churches ; in the city gas is the usual
illuminant along with electricity

June 27. 1907

American Tiee Journal

■where the latter is procurable. Gas, in
time, smokes up a church badly ; still,
it is used universally, showing that
candles are not demanded.

If one is of an investigating mind,
he will find that in some churches,
what appear to be candles are nothing
more than porcelain made in immita-
tion of a caudle. A small gas-tip or
burner is set where the wick should be.
If all the Roman Catholic, Greek and
some forms of the Episcopal church
were to use beeswax-candles exclu-
sively during their services, there
would not be sufficient wax produced
to supply the demand. And, perhaps,
it is well they don't, for it would, to
my mind, be a useless waste of good
material — a product demanded for use
in the arts and sciences. The church
seemed to recognize this fact, hence
the minimum limit of two candles at
he sacred service.

Durable Top-Bar Ends

In examining a lot of colonies this
spring, I found that a lot of the end-
bars had decayed. This made it awk-
ward to handle frames so injured. It
was almost as bad as lifting a large
basket full of eggs and the basket
handleless. You have a dread all the
time that something is going to fall. I
find that Eastern (white) pine and a
Western spruce were the woods most
susceptible to rot. Oregon pine stood
the moisture better than I supposed. I
believe redwood will not rot, but it is
too brittle, though. Patrick Keating
uses it. Give me Oregon pine, for it is
almost as hard and durable as oak.

v%

Docfor Miliarias
%iesffon^B9x:

iiiiij

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, III.
' Dr. Miller does 7iut answer Questions by mail.

continued bad weather, and it is well to be-
gin feeding at once.

2. I think there are only '2 points to be
observed to prevent swarming, viz., plenty
of laying space for the queen by giving
empty combs when needed, and super-room
for the bees to prevent crowding.

3. As we are not proliibited from read-
ing the "Sisters' Department," I am in-
clined to disagree with Miss Wilson in re-
gard to ventilation by opening the back
door at the top of the brood-nest (pages
451-2J. for in a climate of hot days and
cool nights the brood is liable to take a
bad cold with the back door left open over
night.

4. Why will a densely populated colony
with a .young queen in the cell, on being
given 2 frames, with 'i-incli starter, refuse
to draw out the foundation, but proceed to
build drone-comb in a frame with a starter?

.5. When the bees are vigorously fanning
with their heads to the entrance, which is
accomplished, cool air driven in or hot air
being drawn out?

I will offer a possible solution to "Iowa,"
page 469. Perhaps something in the wood
the shingles are composed of attractive to
the bees causes them to work through tlie
cracks made by shrinkage. We will not
credit the idea of their going down the
chimney to get into the house unless some
old comb should have been thrown into the
flreplace with little fire. Aricaxsas.

Answers. — 1. Yes, if drones are driven
out any time before the close of the season
it is well to inquire whether stores are
short. Sometimes, however, drones are
driven out when plenty of honey is in the
hive and the season is not yet far ad
vanced. especially if the bees have reared a
new queen.

■I. Yes, crowding either the brood or the
surplus apartment is generally agreed to
favor swarming, but most bee-keepers would
at least add to Ibis the matter of heat and
lack of ventilation.

^. If you know of any case where harm
was done" by doing as directed. I wish you
would give particulars. The instructions
were given for extracted honey, and we
don't run for extracted honey here, but in
hundreds and hundreds of cases we have
given such ventilation to colonies working

Somettiing Historical About Bees

1. Mr. Leonard Chester and Rev. Henry
Smith died in 1048. In the inventory of
their estates bees were valued at £s in
each case. James Boosey died in 163U. In
the inventory of his estate 11 "skipps" of
bees were valued at £9. Comparative :
Horses £12 each, and cows £5 each.

2. Were bees always here, or were they
imported? If so, when? Coxxecticut.

AxswERS. — 1. Just as you state it, one
cannot tell for certain whether it took 11
"skipps" to be worth % as much as a horse,
or only 1 "skipp." If the former, bees were
not rated very differently from today ; if
the latter, bees were away up.

2. In the latest edition of Dadant's
Langstroth, page 289, is the following:

"Thomas Jefferson, in his 'Notes on Vir-
ginia,' says : 'The honey-bee is not a na-
tive of our country. The Indians concur
with us in the tradition that it was
brought from Europe ; but when, and by
whom, we know not. The bees have gen-
erally extended themselves into the coun-
try, a little in advance of the white settlers.
The Indians, therefore, call them the white
man's fly.'

"According to the quotations of the
American Bee Journal common Ijees were
imported into Florida by the Spaniards pre-
vious to 1763. for they were first noticed
in west Florida in that year. They ap-
peared in Kentucky in 1780, in New* York
in 17;>3, and west of tlie Mississippi in
1797." In 1857 they were taken to Cali-
fornia.

So you see that the account you give
antedates anything given in the book quoted
by more tlian a ^-entury, making it a very
interesting item.

Driving Out Drones ~ Preventing
Swarming— Hive Ventilation, Etc.

in sections, and I never knew of brood be-
ing injured by it.

4. With a virgin in its cell the bees
seem to know that drones are of the utmost
importance, and so they are anxious for
drone-comb.

5. When I have put the back of my hand
near the entrance it has always felt as if
the current were toward my hand, and so
drawn out of the hive.

Vicious Bees-Perhaps Absconding

1. On May 20, W. It. Burden and I cut
down a bee-tree and found the queen and
placed her in a hive and brought them
home, and on the next day the bees all
came out and began stinging everything
within 200 yards of the hive. They killed

2 hens in a coop 30 yards from the hive,
stung people 200 or 300 yards away, and
were trying to settle all the time, but did
not. They settled down or went back in

3 or 4 hours and have been working some,
and now have 3 pieces of comb about 6x8
inches. What was the matter with them?

■2. In the spring of 1906 I had a nice
swarm of bees come out. I hived them in
;\ new hive and they worked fine. They
larried in a great deal of pollen. In 7
weeks they sent out a swarm, and in 10
liavs. on examining I did not find a bee in
that hive that sent out the last swarm.
The first swarm I hived lay out around the
entrance and the hive was full of nice
comb. No moth-worms when I noticed it,
and no bees in it. Did the bees all come
out. or did they die, or what was the
matter?

3. What is meant by "W. K. M. m
"Strav Straws" in Gleanings?

KENT0CKT.

ANSWERS. — Evidently those bees were of
a very vicious disposition, and beyond that
it is hard to say why they were on such a
special rampage. It is barely possible that
there was some robbing going on. making
them worse, but one can only guess why
they should swarm out.

2. Again you've given me a nut harder
than I can crack. It seems to be a ease
of absconding rather than swarming. As I
understand it, the bees left the hive, bag
and baggage. 7 weeks after they had been
hived as a swarm. It is very unusual for
bees to desert a hive after fairly getting
to work in it, but sometimes they do.
Whether too hot. or lacking in food, or what
may have been the cause in this particular
case, is more than I can guess.

3. "W. K. M." are the initials of W. K.
Morrison, one of the assistant editors o£
Gleanings.

When Bees are Gattiering-Best Race
of Bees-Bees Starving, Etc.

1. I want to ask a few simple questions
and give a few points for beginners to ob-
serve. First, when the drones are being
run out and killed off in early spring, it is
conclusive evidence of a honey-dearth, or

1. Is there any way one can tell when
bees are gathering by the appearance when
they come in from the field? My bees seem
to come in heavily loaded, but there is
nothing in bloom except dandelion and
strawberries.

2. Do they gather much from other
plants ?

3. What race of bees do you think is
best for the production of comb honey ?

4. One of my neighbors says his bees
are bringing out lots of young larvie on
the alighting board. Why? Some say it
is chilled brood. We have had it fearfully
cold here this month.

5. Do bees that gather pollen gather
honey also, or are there two classes?

0. Since writing the above today (June
2) I notice the bees are coming in so
heavily loaded that they drop before they
reach the alighting board. They do not
seem to be on dandelion. What can it be?
Is it a Sign that they are gathering?

Maine.

Answers. — 1. If they are seen carrying
in pollen, they are generally carrying in
nectar also. When the harvest is plentiful
some of the bees are likely to drop down
in front of the hive, apparently resting a
while before starting up again. You can
catch a bee returning to the hive and find
whether it is carrying in nectar or only
water.

2. In some places dandelions are so
scarce as to be of no great importance. In
others they are plenty and of great value.

June 27, 1907

Am(>rican Hee Journal

I iinrliTstiiiul (bey were Inli'oduccil liilci Ihls
loinlllv aliout UO yeai's agu, none hiivliiK'
hri'ri licTo lipl'ore tbat time. When 1 llrst
fiiun' lu'i'c ihcy were hardly worili cniisid
(•rln;; ; innv 1 prize Ihera liiKldy. Tnii', 1
li.'ivc lU'Vi'i- iibliiiDcd surplus I'rnui llicni,
Itul lliey Jiro oi' the greatest value hi hclnjj
liirucd Intcj lu'nod, and they <'unie just ai.
Ilie rltflit time for that. If I muld have
in .Iul.>' or .VuLjust the 2 weeks in* more of
ilamlelion bloom I had lids ,^-ear In lis usual
liuu', 1 think I could ha\'e a lot (d" surplus
from II. Hut at Ihe time dandelion Idoonis
I here are md enough field-bees to do more
I ban supply Ihe enormous amount used In
brood-roaring.

It may he that in some places sirawber
ries yield well, but they are very plentiful
iK're and I have seldom seen bees on them.

(P. S. — My hrother-in-law says tbat on
tills very day hees are as thick on them
us ho ever saw them on buckwheat.)

.'1. So far as yet known, Iltillans jirob-
ably have tbo general preference.

4. I am afraid it may be because they
are short of stores. Possibly, how'ovcr. it's
only drone-brood, which they sometimes
carry out when a spell of unfavorable
W'oatber comes, even when there is plenty
of honey in the hive.

5. I don't think there are two separate
classes. A fielder may gather nectar and
no pollen : .she may gather both : jierhaps
only iiolU'ii : yet the same bee never gathers
both on the same trip. A bee may change
its work on the same day. for sometimes
you will see a large proportion of the bees
carrying pollen in the morning and very
few carrying pollen in the afternoon.

(>. Looks pretty sure they're gathering,
but I couldn't guess from what.

Numbering Colonies Sweet Clover

Honey-Sowing Sweet Clover—

Carniolans or Italians?

What is your system of hive numbering
.Tnd queen record'; Today N'o. .j swarmed
Igolden Italian queen), was hived on the
old stand ; now, should the old hive's num-
ber be taken off and placed on the new
swarm and a new number given the old
colony V

2. In Uleanings you spoke of your full
combs of sweet clover honey and said you
counted it as just so many pounds o£ white
clover honey this season. Why not use
dummies when the honey-flow opens, or bet-
tor still, why not use the Danzenbaker
hive and have all frames full of brood at
the be.ginning of the honey-flow'.'

3. Would not that sweet clover honey
have sold for as much money as white
clover himey had they been extracted?

4. When is the best time to sow sweet
clover seed to get a stand';

5. 'Which are the best workers, Carni-
olans or Italians?

6. Which are best for extracted honey?

Missouri.

Answers. — -1. A small square of tin is
painted white, and on this is painted in
black the number. This tag is fastened on
the hive by a small wire hail. The num-
bers run in numerical order in the rows,
the same number always being on the same
stand : so if No. 5 is moved to a new stand
its number is changed, and any hive put in
place of No. .^ will receive the tag taken
from No. .5. Each year a new record book
is used, the same being about 12 by 5 or 6
inches, 3 colonies to the page,

2. Yon must have misunderstood what
I said, for I do not think I ever had a
comb filled with sweet-clover honey. I have
had honey tbat I thought was flavored with
sweet clover, giving to white clover some-
thing of a vanilla flavor, which I think an
improvement. I had a goodly number of
frames filled with fall honey last fall,
which I have been giving to the bees this
year. I mentioned those corahs, but 1
didn't say they were of sweet clover ; but I
said something about yellow sweet clover
in another place tbat perhaps you have
mixed up with these combs of fall honey.
I said I had never valued specially the fact
that .yellow sweet clover was 2 to 4 weeks
earlier than white sweet clover, because
that made it come right in the time of
white clover ; hnt I had changed my mind
about it. for last year white clover didn't
yield any honey, and if I had had a lot of
yellow sweet clover yielding early it would

have been a lioon. Hut I dldul have the
yellow sweet eirjvi'r.

Volt ask why I don't use dummies when
the lioney llosv opens. For more than one
reason, but one will be enough. I suspect
IliMt you Imagine that at the beginning of
till' iKiney-llow <uie or more empty frames
are in tlie hive and tbat if 1 lake out those
empty frames and |iut dummies in place
the honey that would go into the empty
frames will be forced Into the sections.
That Is an erroneous supposition. If I
took out frames to replace with dummies
I would have to take out frames of brood,
or else take out the outside frame largel.v
tilled with pollen. Each frame, however,
has more or less empty cells around the
border, generally, when the flow begins, and
If, a little before this time, I put in the
e(>nter of the hive a solid frame of honey,
the bees will empty this honey to replace it
with brood, ami nils honey will be used to
fill any vacant cells around the borders.

I don't quite understand your remark
about using the lianzenliaker hive to get
all frames full of brood. So hive fills
frames with brood, and in this respect the
Iianzenbaker has no advantage over the
dovetailed.

S. I don't know ; but then you remem-
ber I had no sweet-clover honey, unless it
was mixed with other honey. If I" had ex-
tracted lliose combs I'm sure the honey
would not have sold for as mucli as white-
clover extracted, much less for as much as
Ihe white-clover sections that it may afford.

4. Either in spring or fall. Early
spring is preferable.

5. Probably there isn't much difference.
The Carniolans have the reputation of be-
ing the best swarmers.

(J. They are probably much alike.

^perienc0$l|

'S

First 'WMte Clover Bloom.

Bees are swarming in this locality and
new swarms starving. I saw white clover
in bloom today for the first time this sea-
son. P. F. COXICLIN.

Elmira. N. Y.. .June 14.

Hea-vy Loss of Bees.

There is a ^'ery lieav.v loss of bees in
this county this year, some losing T5 per
cent, I have lost fifty colonies, and what
are left are very weak and will need most
of the season to build up. Edw. McCoy.

Lima, N. Y., .June 10.

"Vine-Maple Honey,

I extracted 4 hi gallons of honey last
week from one colony. It was all maple,
or, I should have said, vine-maple, of a light
amber color. Its flavor is excellent. I had
51) colonies spring count,

CH.tS. W. HOPSECGEE.

Clear Lake, Wash., .Tune 4.

Hope for Honey Yet.

On account uf an accident to my left foot
I lost half of my bees this spring. Then,
the spring was very late and cold, so that
the bees could not fly ; still I have twelve
colonies left, and yesterday I had the flrst
swarm. It the weather now stays warm
there is hope for some honey yet.

Peter Weiimeier.

Rosebud. Mo.. .Tune 14.

tTiiusual "Weather.

We are having very unusual weather
here that takes all the enthusiasm out of
one. I never liave seen a season like it in
my 30 years' experience. I will have ^ome
honey, but the weather conditious keep one
in doubt. I am thinking of tiering up a
few colonies today, but to what purpose I
can't tell. A. H. Noble, Sr.

Nashville, Tenn., June 7.

Bees in Fine Shape.

I placer] i.'ii colonies HI lue cellar last
fall, and set out 131 this spring, all In flue
Hhapir as far as I could sei-, but since thea
I have found 3 without (piei^ns. J united
(hem Willi the poort^st colonies 1 could find
In the y.ird. The best I ever did before
was to winter 'JO per cent. I have made
no changes from former winters, and at
this writing my hees are very strong, but
It has been one of the worst springs I ever
knew. Only about 1 day In 5 could been
fly since April came In, anil J have made
up my mind it Is better, as they do not get
lost If they cannot leave the hive. I never
had them build up so fast. I have had
several swarms and 1 have to give each
one frame of honey or they must die, as I
iiave had I hem hived 10 days and they
bavi not been out of the hive except a part
of 3 days.

I see they are killing oft the drones — not
a good sign, but I have seen It before ami It
turned out to be a good season. I always
have a few .swarms issue before I i>ut on
the supers, but few after, until late in the
.season ; about the time the honey-flow
stops. Then sometimes a few will swarm.
I must stop now and go out into Ihe yard
for the sun begins to put fortli his rays,
and 1 want to look at It once more.

C. M. Lincoln.

West Rupert. Vt.. .Tune 10.

Bees in Fine Shape.

My hees are in fine shape in spite of the
cold, backward spring. My first swarm
issued yesterday ; a rousing one, too. I
have 34' colonies — did not lose one in win-
tering.

The American Bee .Journal is one of
the things I don't feel able to do without.
S. E. Scofieli)

Enosburg Falls, Vt.. June 12.

Short Honey Crop Expected.

Our bees have bad a bard struggle to
get up to the month of .June, but are doing
fairly well now. Most of the bee-keepers
in this part of the country have lost a
great many bees on account of the late,
cool spring. There seemed to be nothing
for them. I have had 18 swarms : they
build my apiarv up to 60 colonies. I think
the prospect bids fair for a short honey
crop. J- D- Paslay.

Grocsheck, Tex., June 2.

Baclcward Spring.

My hees came out of winter quarters
without the loss of any. The spring has
been backward. I hear my neighbors say
that thev have spring dwindling. I saved
my bees" by feeding and exchanging combs
to" equalize them. I think we have a good
show for clover honey if the weather is
favoraljle.

Success to the "Old Reliable."

John Clixe.

Darlington, Wis., June 6.

Black vs. Yellow Queens.

It seems tliat the black or hybrid queens
have more instinct for self-preservation
than the yellow races of bees. The little
black quee'ns are up to all sorts of dodges
to keep out of sight. One is, to fly as soon
as the corab is lifted out and be gone sev-
eral minutes. I have had 2 such queens.
To catch such, move her home, and put an-
other colony whore her home was ; on her
return she "is hailed and killed. Or you
can hunt her out by the ducking process.
Alvah Reynolds.

Altona, Til., June 0.

Plain vs. Self -Spacing Frames.

In reply to the editorial of June 6. and
in behalf of Mr. Hutchinson. I will give the
bee-men a "piece of my mind." For rapid
handling and extracting, a self-spacing
frame is not "in it" with the plain all-
wood frame, or one made on that pattern.

I have run 4 apiaries with a total of .'')00
colonies, almost entirely for extracted
honey, and my points are as foIIow.s :

1." I want" a frame that is light, and
not to exceed % inches in thickness, so that
when uncapping the comb can be trimmed
to a level with the frame, thus permitting

June 27, 1907

Americanize Journal

faster work, increasing the wax-production,
making a comb that the honey can be ex-
tracteti from more readily, and causing the
bees to build out a cell of new wax, and
thus somewhat improving the quality of the
honey.

The dark combs do not impair the grade
of honey very much, and, when used this
way, very nearly equal new-drawn combs.
If one expects to uncap 250 to 350 gallons
of good, ripe honey in a day's time, he will
have no time to waste in looking out for
spacing devices of any kind, or sharpening
uncapping knives. That is the quantity 1
generally figure for a day's run with a man
and boy in the yard to do the "robbing.*"
a man to run a 4-frame extractor, and a
man to uncap and look after the combs in
the house.

2. I want all the frames in the hive
alike, so that I can change them to any
part and use them for any purpose, and I
have never had a man in the yard for any
length of time that favored a spacing de-
vice of any kind.

As for their advantage, a beginner or a
man working for comb honey might like the
self-spacing frame, but I use the plain for
both comb and extracted honey, and have
never suffered any loss from moving.
I have hauled bees around considerably,
and do not fasten the frames, as the bees
will cluster tight enough to hold them as
soon OS the jar of the wagon commences.

Of course this is a matter of "every man
to his liking," but a good way to get at
the practicability of the two kinds of
frames would be to get the statements of
about 100 bee-keepers who handle 300 or
more colonies of bees, and see if the most
use plain or self-spacing frames.

Edward G. Brown.

Sergeant Bluff, Iowa, June 10.

Lan^stroth on the
^^^ Honey-Bee

Revised by Dadant— Latest Bditlon.

Favorable Conditions for Bees.

Conditions are favorable here for a great
honey-flow if it ever stops raining, as ca-
talpa is Just beginning to bloom and per-
simmon will soon come along. Besides,
there is clover in bloom everywhere and it
is yielding very well this year. There are
also great patches of yellow sweet clover
scattered here and there that are bloom-
ing, and the white sweet clover is showing
in considerable quantities, which promises
to furnish enough to lieep up brood-rearing
after the early flow is gone, so that our
bees can talie full advantage of our fall
flow, which is the greatest of our flows here.
But with the bees it has been diflferent, as
hundreds of colonies have been lost, espe-
cially among the farmers, many of whom
lost every colony they had. But with the
professional bee-keeper it is also different.
They lost few by starvation this winter, as
they had hives that they could get among
the bees to see the exact condition and to
feed if necessary.

Such, in brie'f, is the condition here —
plenty of flowers and yielding well, but bees
scarce through the ravages of the terrible
winter and spring. I lost 6 colonies by
thieves that got into my out-yard, and 1
by starvation. Three we're queenless and I
united them with weals colonies to help
them along. Julius Happel.

Evansvilie, Ind., June 5.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Ftde young prolific 3 and 5 banded
Italian Queens, by return mail. Un-
tested only 60c, or $6.50 a dozen.

Tested, ~Sc or J8 adozm. Extra fine queen, $1.
26—28 J. L. Fa.ien, Alm.\, Mo.

Mention Be« Journal vrhen vrrltlnK.

ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

I have 50 colonies of all Italian J. L. Strong
stock and Quirin's, All are in good condition
in new Danzen baker hives. Price $4 50 per
colony f.o.b. here. Salisraction guaranteed,
BERT GANDER,

2.SA4t PANORA, IOWA.

Mention Be« Journal when vrrltlns.

" It Is continuous advertising
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm

This is one of the standard books on
bee-culture, and ougfht to be in the
library of every bee-keeper. It is bound
substantially in cloth, and contains
nearly 690 pages, being revised by that
large, practical bee-keeper, so well-
known to all the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal— Mr. C. P. Dadant.
Each subject is clearly and thoroughly
explained, so that by following the in-
structions of this book one cannot fail
to be wonderfully helped on the way to
tuccess with bees.

The book we mail for $1.20, or club
It with the American Bee Journal for
one year— both for S2.00 ; or, we will
mail it as a premium for sending us
THREE NEW subscribers to the Bee
Journal for one year, with $3.00.

This is a splendid chance to get a
grand bee-book for a very little money
or work.

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

lis W. Jackson Blvd.,

CHICAGO, ILL.

3-Banded Italian Queens

J. p. Moore or my own strain. My apiary
is stocked with thousands of choice drones
that are not kin to my breeding queens.

<iueens, $1 each; -dozen, $10

I guarantee satisfaction, and superior
honey-gatherers, W. M. Parrish,
23Atf R, R. No. S. Lawrence, Kan.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That ate bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bripht Golden and 3-banded
Qneens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6for$3,3S,or 12 for $6 5o. Tested, $1.U0,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei wrth Young Queen
afer June I, $2.00 QEO. W. BARNES.

lSA26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Bee-Huppli<^K and Berry-Boxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
tOKether. send me list of goods wanted, and let me
quote vou prices, 1 give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for Catalog.

6Etf W. J. McCAKTY, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

Mention Be« Journal when writing;.

New Steamer Cayuga

3Iakes 3Iore Popular the Lake Trip
from liewiston, N, Y., to Toronto

Tiie Fleet of the Niagara Navigation Com-
pany has, this season, been increased by a
new steel twin screw ship, which, in speed,
comfort and beauty is unsurpassed upon the
great lakes. Her name, "Cayuga,'' has been
selected to harmonize with her sister ships,
the " Chippewa," " Corona " and " Chicora."

The full service of this line consists of six
trips daily except Sunday.

The steamers are essentially observation
day boats, and have the reputation of being
most admirably adapted for the service.

Excellent Table d'Hote meals are served,
and each steamer is also equipped with lunch
counters, where sandwiches, pastry, tea, cof-
fee, etc., may be obtained. It is the endeavor
of the Company to make the dining-roOm
department first-class in every respect.

Coupon ticket agents of all railroads in
the United States and Canada sell tickets via
the Niagara Navigation Cotnpany,

The Niagara-Toronto Route

The Niagara Navigation Company, Limited,
popularly known as the Niagara River Line,
consists of four fine, fast, steel steamers,
making, at the height of the season, six round
trips daily (Sunday excepted) between To-
ronto, Out., and Lewiston, N. Y., via Lake
Ontario and the Niagara River, calling at
Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., and Queenstown,
Ont. The trip occupies about two hours and
a half.

(Jaeens of Jloore's
Straiu of Italians

Produce workers that iill the supers, and are
not inclined to swarm, Xhey have won a world-
wide reputation for honey-gaihering, hardi-
ness, g'entleness, etc.

Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, editor of the Bec-Kcep-
ers' Review, Flint, Mich., says: " As workers,
I have never seeu them equaled. They seem
possessed of a steady, quiet determination that
enables them to lay up surplus ahead of others.
Easier bees to handle I have never seen."

My queens are all bred from my best long^-
tongued i^banded red-clover stock [no other
race bred in my apiaries), and the cells are
built in strong- colonies well supplied with
young bees.

PRICES: Untested Queens. SI each; six, 5;
doz.,$i. Select, untested, f 1 25 each; six, $6;

dOE.,$ll.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.
Descriptive circular tree. Address,

J. P. MOORE, Queen-Breeder,

24Etf Rt. 1. MORGAN, KY.

Mention Bee Journal vrben vnttlBS.

Well-Bred Qneens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for tJook's Select-
Bred Queens — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook's Square Honey-JTar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements,

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold,

10 cents bring-B sample jar by mail.

17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

Mention Bee Journal irben wrttlnc

Big Reduction in Supplies

Until nay i. Big stock of Dovetailed
Hives and One-Piece Sections to draw
from. FREE — a year's subscription
with order amounting to $15 or over.
Send for 32-page Illustrated Catalog-
free.
W.D.SOPER (Route 3) Jackson, nich.

28Etf Please mention the Bee Journal.

Queen-Button for Bee-Folks

This is ft very pretty thing
for a bee-keeper or honey-
eeller to wear on his coat-
lapel. It often serves to in-
troduce the subject of honey,
and frequently leads to a
sale.
The picture shown here-
with is a reproduction of a mottoqueen-buttoa
that we are fiunishing to bee-keepers. It hai
a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by
mail, 6 cents; two for 10c ; or six for 25c. The
American Bee Journal one year and 4 button!
for $1.10. Address all orders to

QEORQE W. YORK & CO.
334 Dearborn Street, • CHICAGO, ILI.

June 27, 1907

573

American Hee JournaJj

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalog.' 1007:
Chap. Dadant iV Hon, Hamilton, III.— Thla is the Smoker we
recommend above al! others.

w. li. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a siniflo complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits infide of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside oT the smoljer.

All hint'ham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1882, and I'.KW," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use J.IO— 3J<^ "

Contiueror— right for most apiaries 1.00—3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2J^ "

Little Wonder— as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-oflice free. We send circular if requested.

Or glnal Bingtaam & Iletherington Uncappiug-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM. FarWGll. MiGti.

Patented May 20, 18'

BEST ON EARTH.

Dilimer's GoinD Founflailon

Why do thousands of bee-keepers prefer it to otoer makes?

Because the bees like it best and accept it more readily.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer's

It stands on its OWN NAME and its OWN FOUNDATION, to which alone It owes its
reputation and merits.

We are now ready to make prices for next aeason for WORKING WAX for CASH and
for full line of Supplies. Wholesale and Retail. Free CataloR and Samples.

QUS DITTMER, Augusta, Wis.

Blentlon Bee Jonmal when vrrltlnK.

Ideal Hive-Tool-" Best on the Market"

Bee-keepers have long needed a special tool to aid them in properly manipulatlDg the
hive-parts during the bee-season. The one shown here does the work to perfection.

(This picture Is exactly one-half the size.)

DESCRIPTION.— Tho Ideal Hive-Tool is made of hiKh-Erade malleahle iron, much like wrought iron,
8J^ inches lonK. The middle part is l 1-16 inches wide and l-'Al thick. The smaller end is I'a inches long, \f
inch wide, and 7-32 thick, ending like a screw-driver. The larger end is wed^e-shaped, having a sharp semi-
circular edge, making it almost perfect for prjing up supers, as it does nut mar the wood.

What Some Bee-Experts Say of It.

Louis C. Dadant (son of C. P. Dadant) wrote us May 10, 190?: "Your Hive-Tool is
certainly the best on the market, and after having used one of them no bee-keeper would do
without it."

In the first edition (1903) of Dr. Miller's " Forty Vears Among the Bees," page 5S, he
says: " Of all the hive-tools I have tried, I like best the Muench tool." On Jan. T, 1907, he
wrote us, saying he thought " just as much of the tool as ever."

Miss Wilson, Dr. Miller's assistant, says this of the Ideal Hive-Tool: "It is an ideal
tool. In fact, I don't see how it could be improved upon. lam sure we would feel utterly

lost in the apiary without it You will have to try one yourself if you want to know its

worth."

The " Ideal Hive-Tool " Free as a Premium.

We will mail an Ideal Hive-Tool F'REE as a premium to any present paid-in-ad-
vance subscriber to the American Bee Journal, for sending us ONE NEW subscription for a
year at $1.00; or we will send the American Bee Journal one year and the Ideal Hive-Tool
— both for S1.20. Price of the Ideal Hive-Tool alone, postpaid, 30 cents.

QEORQE VV. YORK & CO., ii8 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

"In every country tne snccessM aflyertiser is tlie continnons iiw\w "

DEC DAAI/C Sent postpaid by

OHXL DUUIVO (iEOROE W. YOKK&CO.,

lis W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

Advonoed Bee-Culture. Its Method.')
and MatiaKemeiit, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
— The .uitlujr of this work Is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read lilH book; 330 pages; bound in
cloth, and beautifully Illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everythliif? pertalnlnpr to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound In cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Selentlflc Claeen-RearluK. as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. DooUttle. — A
method by which the very best of
quecn-beos are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound In cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper'n Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. Thi.s book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I.nngHtroth on tbe Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
No apiarian library is complete without
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth — the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey ns a Health Food — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Your business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Amons the Bees, by I>r.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 32S
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

"The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet, 5%xSi4 inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupying
a full page, but in different parts of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely, "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apple-Tree
Bloom." "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
.lect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

American Hee Journal

June 27, 1907

TEXAS QUEENS

The Famous Honey-Producers

Texas
Queens

The Famons
Honey-
Prodncers
I am booking orders dow for April, May
and June delivery, for Carniolans, Ital-
ians, and Gol^ens — equal to the best, re-
gardless of price. Prices :

Tested Queens ¥1.00 each ; $10.00 per doz.

Warranted " 75 " 7.00 "

Untested " 50 " 5.50 "

6Atf GRANT ANDERSON, Ssblnal.Texas.

We Sell Root's Goods in Michigan

Let us quote you prices on Sections, Hives.
Foundation, etc , as we can save you time and
freight. Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON.

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich.

ITALIAN QIEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of

this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Order now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1,50 op.
Correspondence edicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN,

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. K-D. 1.

Queens and Nuclei

Circnlars Free.

D. J. BLOCHER. Pearl City, III.

ISAtf Mention Bee Journal when wriiintf.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEHi>, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
poiitG Stock. All Queens
learfd in full colonies.

One Untested Queen { .90

" Tested Queen 1.10

" Select Tested Queen 1.40

" Breeder Queen 2.20

" Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 9S

" Ilotested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.7S

Untested in May. All others
ready now from last aeason's
rearing. Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on lareer quantities and drscription of each
erade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG,
graaeo y ^ L. STRONG

SAtf 204 E. Logan St., Clartnda, Iowa.

flnoersGoldenBeautle?

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extr?
select breed! r for $2.50. Have bad 12 years' e.^
perience at queen-breeding. Address,
SAHUEL n. ANGEL

20A13t R.R.No.l, EVANSVILLE, IND.

Your Order for (|aeens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply botl
tested and untested Itilian Queens, you
choice of either imported or home-breo
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, SI. 00
each ; Untested Queens, 75 cents ; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20Atf LOREAUVILLK, Iberia Pa., La.

Heatlon Bee Journal whe« wrltlnc.

1 Praise from High Authority [

1

This Han

Knows

a

Good Thing

"" When

He Sees It

The Muth

Ideal

Bee = Veil

is a

GOOD

THING

w , All. Rights Reserved.

.Vr. FranklSauchfnss wearing a MVTIf IDEAL BEE-YEIL

Have a Look at Mr. Rauchfuss' Letter :

Denver, June 7, 1907.
The Fred W. Muth Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Gentlemen : — Your Muth Ideal Bee- Veil has
come to hand. I have given the same a trial, and
will state that it is comfortable to wear, easy on
the eyes, well-made, and a sure preventive of bee-
stings about face and neck. '—j B*'-

Yours very truly, Frank Rauchfuss,

J/i/r. T/ie Colorado JIoney-Erodufers^ Af!s^u..

Everybody knows Mr. Rauchfuss — and he wouldn't recommend any-
thing: in such strong terms if it wasn't the real thing in every particular.

It costs you only 75 cents, postpaid.

Unless you enjoy being stung while handling bees, send for this veil
to-day.

Send for our catalog, free.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

ti-v*^ ^'~ "^ The Busy Bee-Men,

51 Walnut Street, - CINCINNATI, OHIO

WANTED

FANCY COMB HONEY. 'State how much you have to
sell. We Pay Promptly upon Rhchipt of Shipment.

Xentlun Roe Journal when vrrltlaR.

HOW TO PAINT

Buggies, farm wagoii.s, farming tool.s, barn.s, outbuildings and
houses often need painting. "Everybody's Paint Book," written by a thorough-
ly practical painter, will be found a complete guide to the art of outdoor and indoor painting.
It is designed for the special use of tliose who wish to do their o^vil painting. It gives
practical lessons in plain painting, varnishing, polishing. Staining, paper hang-
ing, kalsoniining, etc.

It also tells how to renovate furniture and gives many hints on artistic work
for decorating a home. Precise directions are given for mi.xing paints for all purposes.

If farming tools and farm vehicles are kept painted, they will last twice as long, and
anybody can do the work with the aid of this book. It is handsomely and substantially
'bound in clotb. A copy will be sent postage prepaid on receipt of pricft $1.00

SPECIAL OFFERS

For $1.60 we will send the above book and the Weekly American Bee .Journal one year ;
or for $1.40 we will send the Paint book and a Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queen. Address

Send all orders to GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

118 W. Jackson Blvd., CHICAGO, ILL.

June 27, 190»

575

American tee Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

Ttie

Ainerican Bee -Keeper
For 1907

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been enfraged. The editors arc
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year, One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years. J

Mention Bee Jonmal when wrltlns.

Chicago, JuneS.— Not any of the honey yield
of 1907 has appeared on this matket, and with
the choice white tirades of last year's comb
being- exhausted there is practically nothii g to
base values on other than that of history, for
there is always a limited demand for honey.
New white comb of good flavor would sell at
16c; no demand for other grades. Extracted is
also exhausted of best grade. Beeswax is sell-
ing on arriyal at 32c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

CmciNNATi, May 23.— There is no material
change in the honey market at this writing.
Extracted honey is not moving so rapidly as it
could, owing to the cool weather. We quote
amber in barrels at 5!i®65ic; fancv table honev
in crates of two 60-pound cans at 8@'ic. For
choice, yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are
paying 31c cash, delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Philadelphia, June 10.— The hooey market
has been quite brisk for this time of the year.
A number of odd lots have been cleaned out of
the market. We quote: Fancv comb, 14(an5c;
No. 1, 13@il4c; amber, 12@I3c. Fancy white ex-
tracted, 7@8c; light amber, 6@7c. Beeswax
firm, 32c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Sblser.

New York, May 21.— White comb honey is
practically cleaned up, and there is very little
demand at this time. There is some dark and
mixed comb on the market, but no demand to
speak of, and seme of this will have to be car-
ried over until next season, or sold at a sacri-
fice. Therefore we cannot encourage ship-
ments of off grades or dark honey at this time.
Extracted honey is In fair demand and prices
are ruling firm. There is very little new crop
arriving as yet from the South, and while it is
rather early, we doubt whether we will have
any large shipments from the Southern States
this season, as we fear there will be a short
crop, judging from the reports we are receiv-
ing. There is quite a good stock of last year's
crop still on the marker, sufficient to last until
the new crop from various states arrives.
There is no change in price as to extracted
honey since our last. Beeswax firm and likely
to remain so for the next 2 months.

Hilcreth & Sbgelkeh.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Uoinplele stock for 1'.«I7 now on han't.

CINCINNATI

FREIGHT-

RATESOFROM

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

ae'most all freight now goes through Clncianati.

Prompt Service is what I practice.
You will Satisfaction Guaranteed.

SAVE MONEY BDYIWG FROM ME.

Catalog mailed free.
Send for same.

A Special Discouiit on Early Orders. I

Let me
book
Order^for

I.AMS, and CAI CASIA.^S
J For prices, refer to my catalog, page 29.

QUEENS i

red in separate apiaries,
the (.iOI^nK.ir VKI..

.ows, <;aki\io.

C. H.W.WEBER "ShT

Office and Silesrooms, 2146^48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Ave}.

Indianapolis, June 19.— There is a strong
demand for fancy white comb and best grades
of extracted honey, but the market is prac-
tically bare at this writing. Evidently a new
scale of prices will be established on arrival of
new crop. Beeswax is plentiful and in fair de-
mand, selling here at $35 per ICO pounds.

Walter S. Pouder.

Toledo, May 3.— There is very little demand
for comb honey as is usually the case at this
season of the year. Fancy white would bring
in a retail way 16@i7c; No. 1, lS@10c, with no
demand for dark honev. Extracted is very
scarce and none being offered for sale. Bees
wax is bringing 2.SC.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Kansas City, June 1.— The honey market is
almost bare of comb honey, and demand gocd:
receipts of extracted are light, and demand
light; wequnte: No. 1 white comb, 24-section
cases, $3.25; Xo. 2, white and amber, $3.50(3;f2.75.
Extracted, white, per pound, Sc; amber, 7@7^c.
Beeswax, 30c, C. c. Clemons & Co.

Denver, Feb. 14.— Producers in this State
are practically closed out of uoth comb and ex-
tracted honey. We have not sufficient good
comb honey to supply our local trade, but have
a good supply of white extracted of excellent
quality. We quote strictly No. 1 white comb
honey, per case of 24 sections, at $3.20; No. 1,
light amber, $3; and good No. 2, $2,S0. White
extracted, SgSJ^c per pound; light amber,
~^@Sc. Clian, yellow beeswax, 2T@28c, deliv-
ered here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Assn.

Cincinnati, June 18— The market on fancy
whitecomb is entirely bare. No. 2 is selling
slowly at 12c. Extracted, light amber, brings
5)i@6c, Beeswax is selling here at $32 per 100
pounds. C. H. W. Weber.

FOR SALE

1000 sixty-pound CANS. A No. 1 condition,
packed two in a case. Cases also first-class.
Will sell them cheap.

Michioan While Glover Honeu Go.

29 Woodbridge S'., West,
24A4t DECROIT, MICH.

Western Bee-Keepers s'J^ow'^ou

how to saye money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COLOMOO BO\ET PKODUCERS' »SS'.V, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

I HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Watbr St. Chicago. Ilu

IHentlon Be« Journal whaa wrltlas.

APONS PAY

Capons are cheapor and easier
raised, iirinjr duul.lo price on
the market. Caponizing i s
easy, and soon learned. Set prepaid with
' easy to use" directions, fj.so. Capon
book free, tells how. Write for It today.

GPPilling&SonCo..

Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.

P We will Buy and M

Sell

^9

HOIEY

of the different grades and liinds. K^

If you have any to dispose of, or if ^^

you intend to buy, correspond ^p

with us. ^S

We are always in. the market iSfg

for

Beeswax

at highest marljet prices. ^^

Hildreth & 5egelken

265 & 267 Qreenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Uentlun Bee Journal prhen vrrltlnic.

June 27, 1907

American Vee Journal

a

DADAIT'S FOUNDATION"

IT EXICEIjS

g EVERY INCH equal to sample

Beauty, Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted

at all
times

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, 111.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

Marshfield Bee-Goods

talk for themselves ; having bought once, you will buy again. Our orders show that. The reason for this
is that nothing is used in the making of our BEE-QOODS that we know is not fit to go in. Why) should
we when we have plenty of the best as it comes direct from the forest to our mill and factory.

SECTIONS are made of the basswood timber, grown here in the basswood belt of Wisconsin.

dovetailed; HIVES, of lumber almost clear, made accurate and smooth.

SHIPPINQ-CASES, strong and neat— nothing flimsy about them.

SHIPPING FACILITIES THE BEST

You will get your orders sent on very short time, as we are located on three direct railroads to Chicago
there connecting with the trunk lines for the East, South, and Southwest, and some parts of the West. The
1 West by way of St. Paul and Minneapolis.

If yon have notjyet received our Catalog of BEE-SUPPLIES for 1907, just write for it.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO., Marshfield, Wis.

Some of Our Dealers Who Handle Marshfield Bee-Goods:

IOWA— J. W. Biltenbeader, Knoxville.

Gregory & Son, Ottumwa.
KANSAS.— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIGAN — Lingst & Koenig, 127
South 13th St., baginaw, E. S.
S. D. Bnell, Union City.

NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co.,
Fairbury.

CANADA-N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA— H. \". Ryder, Phoenix.

MINNESOTA— Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony, .

ILLINOIS— D. L. Durham, Kankakee.
OHIO— F. M. HoUowell, Harrison.
TEXAS— White Mfg. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

^

47IH YEAR

NQ27

D(OAi

TNT

'HI ^(DIMM.

cjuur

1Q07

''^S^

■r-

578

July, 1907.

American lee Journal

Contents for July, 1907

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

118 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago. 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
25 cents a vear, in the United States of America,
(except Chicago, where it is .iiu-ents i, and Mexico;
in Canada ^5 cents; and in all other countries in
the Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

ftdverlising Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riebtB.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membersliip Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, PlatteviUe, Wis.

Z^ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-
page honey-pamphlet intended to help in-
crease the demand for honey. The first
part ot it containsashort article on " Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey, the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a2-cent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents; 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25: 500 for $4.00: or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bot-
tom of front paae on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to theotfice
of the American Bee Journal.

3-Bancled Italian Bees

The best all-around bees on earth. My
stock is composed of selections from my
own strain of 3-banded Italians that were
awarded diploma at the Pan-American Ex-
position, and The A. I. Root Co. clover stock

Tested queens. $1.00; select tested queens.
$1.50: fair breeding queens. $3.00: extra-select
breeders. $5.00— ready to go promptly. Un-
tested queens. 75c: select untested queens.
$1.00— ready early in March. Yours for a
prosperous 1907.

W. O. VICTOR,

Queen Specialist, HONDO, TEXAS

ITALIAN QUEENS

Fine young prolific 3 and 5 banded
Italian Queens, by return mail. Un-
tested only 60c, or $6.50 a dozer.
Tested, 75c or f 8 a dc zca. Extra fine queen, $1.
J. L. Pajen, Ai.m.\, Mo.

^ I

Illustrations—

Apiary of Charles Clark, in Cook Co..

Ill 1st Page

Map of Dadant Apiaries . ■ ■ ■ 582

Mohr Honey-Extractor 58s

Putting F'oundation in Sections 587

Super-Filler— Dr. Miller's 588

White Broom 597

Editorial Comments—

Better Top Protection 582

Dandelion as a Honey-Plant 582

Get a Text-Book on Bees 581

Keeping the (Jueen i:lut of Sections — 581

Mohr Extractor* Swiss Invention 582

Plan Now for Surplus Honey 581

Prevention of Second Swarms 581

-Scissors for Oueen-Clipping 582

Signsof Swarming 582

Two Queens in a Hive 382

"We Be(e) Brethren" 581

When to Give a Super to a Swarm 581

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Address of A. J.King 583

" Apicultural Investigations" 583

Benton's (Mr.) Search for New Bee-
Races. 583

From a Weekly to a Monthly 583

Important Announcement 583

Inspectors of Apiaries' Report 583

Missouri State Inspector of Apiaries.- 583

National Membership 583

Worcester Co. (Mass.) Field-Meeting ■ 583

Contributed Articles—

Hive Bottom-Boards 586

How Far Do Bees Go for Nectar ? 584

Rearing Pure Queens 586

Season of 1907 601

Some Queen Questions Answered 585

Specialists in Bee-Keeping 601

Vegetable Physiology and Honey 601

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters—

Bee-Sting Cure 587

Bees Capture a New Home 588

"Emma" Means " Houey-Bees " 587

Retarding Swarming 587

Super-Filler 588

T-Super Dimensions. Springs, Etc 587

Mr. Hasty's Afterthoughts—

Detecting a Honey-Flow 588

Lyman Method of Swarm-Control 588

Putting on Extra .Supers 588

Three Yellow Sweet Clovers 589

Various Kinds of Fool Swarms 589

" Wheelbarrowing " Colonies .SSS

Canadian Beedom —

Alexander Plan of Building Up Weak

Colonies 589

Bees Starved in the Cellar 589

Busy With the Bees 589

" Cold and Backward Season " 589

Dark Bees the Hardiest 589

" .Swarming Surprise " 590

Southern Beedom—

Distance Bees Forage Profitably 5SI0

Organized Effort -Among Bee-Keepers. 591
Program and Premium List of Texas

State Convention 591

Pure Food Laws • 591

" Snowy-White " Drones 590

Doctor Miller's Question-Box—

Armstrong Super. 596

Average Yield Per Colony 593

Bad Weather Conditions 593

Bee-Houses or Hive-Covers .. 594

Bee-Keeping 593

Bees Deserting a Nucleus-Hive 592

Bees Superior to Blacks 595

Bees' Use of Water 594

Black Bees from an " Italian " Queen.- 593 |
Brushing Bees at Night 593

Clipping Queens 595

Cow- Peas .594

Difference in Bee-Eggs 594

Do Bees Carry Eggs or Larvfe ? 592

Keeping Bees Over Winter 592

Nearness of Apiary to Highway 594

No Quilt Over Bees 594

Observation Hives 594

Plan of Wintering Bees 595

Queen Questions 595

Rearing Queens and Superseding 592

Replacing Queens that Die in the

Mails 592

Ripening Honey 595

Settling Swarms 594

Shiny Bees 595

Shipping-Crates 593

Sizeof Cells 594

Splints in Foundation 593

Stingless Bees • 593'

Straight Wired Combs from Starters.. 595

Swarming 594

Three Swarms in Two Weeks 593

Transferred Bees 595

Wash-Boardy Honey 593

What Ails the Bees ? 593

Wintering in Danzenbaker Hives 595

Reflections of California Bee-Keeper

Cheap Hives •

Late Rains

Painting Hives

Slaughter of the Drones

Tree-Clover or White Broom.
Weather in California

Beedom Boiled Down-

Be Charitable

Doesn't Like Fences and Plain Sec-
tions

Five Banders Not Hardy

Gait of the Bee.

Home Bee-Song

Just Plain Horse-Sense

Nom de Plumes

Number of Colonies to the Apiary

Out-Door Feeding

Prices of Extracted Honey

Protective Value of Tarred Paper---.

Sampling Honey With Wooden Tooth-
picks ;

Spring Management and Swarming...

Taking More than One Bee-Paper

Yellow Sweet Clover on the Same
Land Each Year

597
596
596
597
597
596

599
598

598

598

598
599
599

598

Reports and Experiences-

All Colonies Light

Bees are Backward

Bees Carrying Water at Night.-

Bees Doing Better

Best Year m a Long Time

Building Up for the Fall Crop..-

Coldest Spring in 24 Years

Cold Season for Bees..

... 601
-- 600
-- 600

--. 600
.. ftll

... 600

... 600
.. 600

Cold Spring. -^- ■■■ 599

Discouraging Outlook bOl

Feeding the Bees -599

Finding Queens 601

First Alfalfa Flow ... bOO

First Recorded Midnight Play-Spell

of Young Bees 600

Good Place for Bees 60!

Handling Bees for Others 601

Heavy Loss of Bees 5!«

Honey Crop a Failure 600

Honey-Yield Small 600

Kerosene for Robber-Bees 600

Late and Cold Season 601

Light Crop of Honey 599

Much Swarming SiW

No Bloom and No Honey 600

No Prospects for Surplus Honey 600

Poor Prospect for Honey 5»J

Poor Season, but Improving btW

Poor Season for Bees. 600

Queen's Laying 601

Starved Brood. 599

Still Feeding the Bees 600

Swarming and Working Sections 600

Very Cold Spring bOO

v*^.-^

W.S-^

NO LICE

The Reliable's 25th Birthday

WITH LAMBERT'S

Old Iteliable. Kill-Eni-Vuick lice
Kxtemiinator."Death to Lice"
Sold everywhere. Kverybody
knows lAnibert'8- Saves younp
ThirkM, makes hens liappy— Sam-
ple 10c. 100oz.$L Book free. Get it.

K Stock Food Co.. - MoooDBIdg.. Chicago .

I This ia our Silver Jubilee year.
'■"or 2.3 years Reliable Incutia-I
ui-s have represented the latest
I and best in incubator bui Ulinp.
I They liave et^wd the test of
I practical use all this time and
I are farther in the lead tlian
lever. Send for free catalog-.
I Reliable Incubator & Brooder
I Co., Box:B442. Qiiinoy. 111.

July, 1907.

579

American Hq^ Journal

)^^g^-Kl

BEE m POULTRY SUPPLIES

Bee-llivfs, Honey-Boxes, Veils, SmokorH, Incubators, lirooflers, Ki;^l*"oo(i, etc. Kvery
thing needed for the " Busy Bee " and the " Industrious Men." Pri)rnpt shiDinents.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog foreillier, with instructions to beu'lnners— Free.

WA.f C. IVl. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

Full colonies, in up to-date hives; Nuclei and
choice Queens.

HerwliiHer Wa.\ PrfHS am! other lipwis
Bee-Suppli«*s. Good iJootls ami Froiiipt
Shipment.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

[^^$$end tor Ii»>l ot i^lighlly ■>ani-
ase<l <jioods to »ielect troni al Kt'ducecl
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not mc

Long Distance Telephone, North ISS). 191 AND 193 SUPEHIOH ST. CHICAGO.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

ILL.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A3U Please mention the Bee Journal.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, la. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H,

3Atf

M. PARKER, JR.

JAMES ISL,AND, S. C.

-iSS^

QUEENS FOR YOU

Golden, (Jarnlolan, Caucasian, and ."i-band
Italian? your choice. I'rices: Untested, 7.5c;
Tested, .^I do. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINB CO.
JOHN W PHAHR. Prop., Berclalr. Texas.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Joaraal.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stoae. Practlcallj Inde-
structible, and giving entirely Batlsfactorj re-
snltB. Comb K^nndatlon made easily and

?nlcklj at lesB than half the cost of bnjlng
torn the dealers. Price of Prens for t,. frame
sheets, «2.<K). Oihsr sizes 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press raakinu the foundation directly oa
the wired frames, $2.5*^', any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Big Profits in Capons

WON

TOOLS

. F Filling & Son Goh

'.;i|>uiiizin^ is eiiby— sooa
learned. Complete outtit
with free Instructiona
, postpaid $2.50.

jGape Worm Extractor 2SC

I Poultry Marker ^4

iFrencb Killing Knl^^.'^W
|Capon Hook Free.

ArchSUiFluiadalphia 9^

ITALIAN QUEENS

Golden or Leather Colored. One colony of
this strain produced 280 fancy sections in one
season. Order now for delivery in season. Un-
tested Queen, 100; six, $5.00. Tested, $1.50 np.
Correspondence solicited.

ROBERT B. McCAIN.

2Atf OSWEGO. ILL. R.P. 1.

If goods are >ivanted quick, send to Pouder."

Established 1889

In the Bull's=Eye.

By the Bee-Crank

I

' VER SHOOT at a target?
You know when you have
missed it because you
don't hear anything, al-
though you pause to make sure
the ball hasn't been delayed in
transit. When you h i t the
bull's-eye the bell rings and it
rings mighty quick.

Now Indianapolis is right
at the bull's-eye of this great
country. The center of population as determined
by the United States census is within walking distance
of my warerooms. It is a direct line from you to me,
and from me back to you again. When you send an
order for supplies and do not hear something quick.

it'sasign you've missed the bull's-eye. Send it to me
and before you know it you will realize that you've
made a good shot.

I don't know much about red-tape. I just keep a
lot of things on hand that I know you want, and
when your order comes I pack 'em up and hustle 'em
oflf to you — same day. The railroads are a great
help to me, because they radiate in every direction
from Indianapolis, and transfers and side-tracks do
not have to be considered.

I carry a full line of Root's goods at Root prices,
and buy your Beeswax at highest market prices,
returning goods you want in exchange for it before
you have time to say "scat!"

A select Hoosier-ltalian untested Queen— on

return train for a dollar; six for five.

WJ«r%\-^txt^ ^ Dr\«4rl^^t* 513-515 Massachusetts Avenue

yVdlUCr ^. r^tfUUCI indianapolis, Indiana

580

July, 1907.

American Vee Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

S-A-SH, IDOOPIS, BLIlSriDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

The A. I.

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.
Root Co . ,
Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so— called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many vre have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum without sacrificing quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

■floney-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fruita bruit and Produce Ass'n

Uistrict ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Oeorgia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

EvansvUle Vickery Bros.

lovra

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angasta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

IVIassacliusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

iVIaine

Mechanic Falls The A. L Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

micliigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missonri

High Hill ... Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

We-vv Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

Ne-w Ifork

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zauesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylrania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virgfinia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

D

M.

-jy

■x^

^T -:i

(Applicatiou made fur entry as 3eci)n(l-cla9s mail-matter at Chicago, III., Post-Olllce.)
Published Monthly at 25 ots, a Year, by George W. York & Co., 1 IK W. .lackHoii I5lv<I.

GKOROK W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL., JULY, 1907

Vol, XL VII— No, 27

itoriai cAlofes
and Comments

Get a Text-Hook on Bees

No better advice can be given to a be-
ginner in bee-keeping, or to one who
contemplates beginning, than to tell him
to get a text-book on bee-keeping, a
book of instruction about bees and their
management. The study of such a book
will give him more knowledge than he
would gain in years of actual practice
without any such help. The one who
gets a bee-paper, thinking to depend
alone upon that, is making a great mis-
take, ^luch of what is contained in the
periodical will be blind to him, as the
readers of bee-periodicals are supposed
to know what is contained in the text-
books, and a constant repetition of
fundamental principles would not be rel-
ished by them. It is to the interest of
the American Bee Journal to have as
many subscribers as possible, but if you
can not have both the book and the pa-
per, be sure to get the book first.

Plan Now For Surplus Honey

Not surplus honey to use on the table
or to sell ; but sealed combs of honey
to give to the bees next spring. It is
not likely they will be needed as much
next year as they were this, but there's
no knowing; and the old saying is a
good one, "Better be ready and not go,
than to go and not be ready." In any
case you may be pretty certain that
whatever the season next year, you can
dispose of a number of such combs to
good advantage. Enormous quantities
of honey arc used up in rearing brood.
Nothing strange about that, either. It is
not merely the material used to fill the
brood-cells; we are told that the nurse-
bees use more for their own support
than thev feed to the brood. If honey

is not present in abundance, the bees
seem to know enough to limit the
amount of brood started, and so do not
enter the period of harvest in full
strength. Hence, the importance of ex-
tra combs in the early season, especially
with small hives.

One way to provide such combs of
honey is to have a part of all of the
fall honey thus stored. Localities dififer
greatly in this respect; in some the fall
flow being the chief harvest, in some
there being no fall flow to speak of.
Where one can not rely quite confidently
on this fall flow, either part of the honey
stored by each colony should be in these
sealed combs, or else part of the colo-
nies should be devoted entirely to such
purpose. The best time to decide in
what way provision shall be made to
meet the case next spring is now, if the
decision has not already been made.

When to Give a Super to a Swarm

If the surplus apartment or super
is removed from the old hive and given
to the swarm immediately upon the
hiving of the latter, the queen is likely
to begin laying in the super if no queen-
excluder prevents. Either use an ex-
cluder. Or wait till the queen gets to
work in the brood-chamber (perhaps 2
or 3 days) before changing the super
from the old hive to the swarm.

Keeping the Queen Out of Sections

Some find it necessary to have queen-
excluders under section-supers to avoid
the disagreeable occurrence of brood in
sections. Others say it is so rare a thing
to find the queen straying into the sur-
plus apartment that it is not worth while

to have the trouble of excluders, to say
nothing nf the expense. The secret of
the difference probably lies in the fact
that one uses small starters in the sec-
tions and the other fills the sections with
foundation. When small starters are
used, and little drone-comb in the brood-
chamber, the desire for drone-brood
causes the bees to build drone-comb in
the sections, and the queen to go up and
lay there. If the sections are filled with
worker-foundation, no drone-comb can
be built there, hence no enticing of the
queen out of the brood-chamber.

Prevention of Second Swarms

Usually it is not best to have any
more than one swarm from each colony.
Also, if honey be the object, it is better
to make the swarm as strong as possi-
ble, depending upon the swarm for sur-
plus. When the swarm is hived, if it be
set on the old stand and the old hive be
put on a new stand lo feet or so dis-
tant, that will give the swarm all the
field-force, and will often prevent fur-
ther swarming. A still better plan, al-
though a little more trouble, is the fol-
lowing :

Set the swarm on the old stand, and
set the old hive close beside it, both
hives facing in the same direction as
the old hive faced. In 7 days, move the
old hive to a new place some 10 feet
away. The field-bees that leave the old
hive will, on their return, go straight
to the old stand, and not finding their
own hive there will join the swarm.
That will so weaken the mother colony
that all thought of further swarming
will be given up. Not only does the
weakening tend in this direction, but
also the fact that no honey is being
brought in, and the provident creatures
do not think it wise to swarm with star-
vation staring them in the face.

"We Be(e) Brethren."

It speaks well for bee-keepers in gen-
eral that a more brotherly feeling among
them is growing all over the world.
American bee-keepers owe much to the
patient researches of their eminent
brethren in Europe. On the other hand,
European bee-keepers are increasingly
alert to pick up any good thing that

July, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

may be found on this side the water,
and they are frank to give, generally,
proper credit. Dr. Bruennich, a very
prominent Swiss authority, is quoted by
F. Greiner as scoring American bee-
keepers for their kindergarten position
in the matter of queen-rearing, page 455.
Whether such criticism is properly de-
served or not, it is quoted to mention
the fact that a man who could be thus
severe where lie supposed it deserved,
is also large-hearted enough to offer
commendation when he thought it de-
served, as he did when he mentioned
our G. M. Doolittle as a man whom he
held in highest esteem as one of the
foremost leaders in the world apicul-
tura!.

It may not be amiss to say to Dr.
Bruennich that conditions are not pre-
cisely the same here as in Switzerland.
So far as they have been tried, it seems
that the general consensus of opinion is
that in that country no foreign bees can
compare with the natives. That being
the case it is the part of wisdom to ex-
clude the foreigners and bend all ener-
gies to bring the natives to the highest
state of perfection. But in this coun-
try there is a greater unanimity of opin-
ion than in Switzerland, even, that opin-
ion being that black bees are not the best
for us ; and so long as it is settled that
the favorite must be a foreigner, and
so long as there are foreigners yet un-
tried, why not try them?

Scissors for Queen-Clippiiig

For this purpose a pair of small em-
broidery scissors has been the favorite,
but of late a pair of ordinary pocket
scissors has been commended. These
may be carried in the pocket safely the
year 'round, their blunt points allowing
them to be carried in trousers' pockets
when the heat forbids the wearing of
coat or vest. Some who have tried-
them claim that they are even superior
to embroiderv scissors.

Signs of Swarming

Entire dependence can not be placed
upon any outside signs. Look inside;
if no queen-cells are started, the bees
have not yet taken under advisement
the matter of swarming. If cells are
started, you may e.\pect the bees to
swarm with the old queen about the
time the first queen-cell is sealed. If a
second swarm issues, you may expect
it in the neighborhood of 8 days after
the first swarm. If a second swarm
does not issue within 15 days after the
first, you need not watch any longer
for it.

Dandelion as a Honey-Plant

Gleanings for June 15 occupies no small
space in singing the praises of the
dandelion as a honey-plant, a valuable
spring greens, its root-yielding the val-
uable medicine tara.xacum, as valuable
cow-pasture, and as a plant with a
flower of rare beauty, although unappre-
ciated because so common.

Regarding the same plant the follow-
ing note has been sent to this office bv
Dr. Miller:

"In this region the dandelion is a

honey plant of increasing importance.
I am told that the plant was unknown
here 60 years ago. I know that it was
scarce when I came here in 1856, but it
has been gradually increasing each year,
much to the distress of lawn-owners,
and this year it is plentier than ever
before. It first began blooming April
23, and 2 months later the bees are
still working on it to a small, extent.
If colonies had been in full strength
when dandelion was at its best, there is
little doubt that surplus would have
been stored from it. Only one more
week left of June, and bees seem mostly
occupied trying to rob, so the present
outlook is for another season of fail-
ure."

The Mohr Extractor — A Swiss In-
. vention

All the honey-extractors known up
to the present time are inconvenient, ow-
ing to the disposition of the comb-
baskets, which are placed at the lower
part of the rotating cylinder. It is thus

difficult to reach the combs with the
hand. It is always unpleasant to place
them in and to turn them over. The
work is disagreeable, for it is almost
impossible to do it without soiling your-
self. This extractor claims to do away
with this inconvenience. The comb-
baskets are placed in an open frame
which can be laid back. The gearing is
placed at the bottom. The bottom of
the extractor is conical, which permits
the honey to run out Tapidly.

Two Queens in a Hive

Seed Time and Harvest quotes ap-
provingly from Gleanings the plan of
having 2 or more laying queens in a
hive, given by E. W. Alexander, and
then says :

"The worst feature to overcome in
giving our colonies 2 or mor; laying
queens is in knowing how to introduce
them safely.

"Mr. A. does not give his method of
introducing queens, but we will give
ours. Our theory is that the antagonism
shown by bees to a newly introduced
queen is mainly on account of her scent,
and for years the writer has success-
fully introduced queens, without caging,
at the same time the old one was re-
moved, by dropping the stranger in a
tea-cup partly filled with honey, taken
from that hive, and completely submerg-
ing her in it, after thinning with warm
water if necessary, then pouring the
whole into the center of the top of the
hive. The bees will almost invariably
proceed to lick her off and accept her
without question; and according to Mr.
A. it might not be necessary to remove
the old queen in order to succeed."

It is no wonder that bee-keepers are
set guessing as to how much a hitherto
unbelievable thing can be done ; but the
guess of the Seed Time and Harvest
does not seem the most plausible. Gen-
erally speaking, a new queen is better
received when the colony is conscious of
queenlessness. In the present case a
queen is to be introduced where there
is no thought of queenlessness, and so
an unusually reliable method of intro-
duction is needed. The method sug-
gested is very old. and in many cases is
successful, as indeed almost any plan
is successful under favorable circum-
stances, but it has generally been aban-
doned as less reliable than the caging
method. The guess will hardly pass
muster. Next!

Better Top-Pi-oteetion

Editor Root is enthusiastic over the
advantage of having something more
than a single thickness of board over a
hive or a super. Some 20 years ago D.
A. Jones called his attention to a row
of hives the covers of which were cov-
ered with white frost except oval spots
over the centers of the clusters, the
stronger the colony the larger the
melted spot. That set Mr. Root to
thinking that the heat wasted in melting
these spots might be saved if the cov-
ers were non-conductors of heat. He
says :

"Quite a number of the bee-keepers of
the country are beginning to use
double covers.

"R. F. Holtermann and Dr. C. C. Miller
are both strong advocates of such cov-
ers. The former uses an e.xtra piece of
paper felting between the two covers.
Dr. Miller uses only two thick-
nesses of % boards with a dead-air
space between. While this is good, it
does not go quite far enough. Should
we have a cool summer, and especially
if we should have cool nights, there
will be a lot of backward work in the
supers unless the bees are provided with
a good thick cover.

"Those bee-keepers who are fortunate
enough to own a double cover, one tele-
scoping over the other, should place be-
tween the two covers several folds of
newspaper. Those who are still more
fortunate in having a deep telescope
cover would do well to interpose be-

July, 1907.

-»^g^^(

American l^ee Jtoarnaljl^^^

583

twccn tlic two some newspapers with
tile eiuls falling over the sides and
ends; then shove a telescope cover snug-
ly over the whole.

"But there will be some who will find
themselves without these telescope cov-
ers. All such we would advise secur-
ing some large squares of heavy manilla

paper. l''old the old newspapers over
the top of llie regular hive-cover; then,
with the help of any attendant, fold one
of the squares of manilla papers cen-
trally over the top. Tuck the edges
neatly down over the super as you would
a package of soap, and then tie a string
around if, looping it into a bow-knot."

^^*

Oi isccl laneouil
ITecios - Items

From a Weekly to a Monthly. — In
the American Bee Journal for June 27,
we published the following:

An Import.\nt Announcement.

To the subscribers of the American Bee

Journal: —

Believing that the old American Bee
Journal should occupy a wider field, and
thus be a help to a larger number of
readers, we have decided to issue it
monthly, beginning with July (next
month), instead of weekly, and at 25
cents a year. This very low price will
permit every bee-keeper everywhere to
subscribe for it, even if he or she has
only one colony of bees. Yes, and any
one who is at all interested in bees as a
Nature study will, no doubt, be glad
to read it regularly.

For 26'/2 years the American Bee
Journal has been issued every week, but
it has been found that there are only
about so many bee-keepers who are suf-
ficiently interested in bees to think that
they need a iceekly bee-paper. What we
want is a larger constituency, hence we
believe that by publishing the American
Bee Journal once a month, and making
the subscription price 25 cents a year,
we will be able to reach the goal of our
ambition sooner, and at the same time
do a better service to all. The yearly
price to Canada will be 35 cents; to
England and other foerign countries in
the Postal Union, 50 cents a year.)

We believe that after a few months
at least 99 percent of our present list
of readers will see that we have done
wisely in making the change mentioned.

We are not quite ready to announce
more of our plans just now, but will
do so in the July number and in those
immediately following it. We trust we
may have the continued cooperation of
all our old friends, and, of course, we
expect very soon to enlist that of many
thousands of new ones all over the
world.

We may say that the monthly Ameri-
can Bee Journal will contain at least 32
pages each issue. The weekly number
was supposed to contain 16 pages, so
that imder the new plan there will be
half the quantity of reading matter at
only one-fourth the former cost.

The July number will be issued about

the isth of the month; then thereafter
we expect to mail it on the loth of each
month. The advertising forms will
close on the 5th.

Of course, all who have paid their sub-
scriptions in advance at the regular $1.00
rate (or the extra foreign rate) will
be credited just four times as far ahead
as their present address-label indicates.
Those who are in arrears will pay at
the rate of $1.00 a year up to the end of
this month.

In the next issue we will be able to
make further announcement. In- the
meantime let us all hope that bee-keep-
ers may harvest a good crop of honey,
and that although the prospects rnay
have been discouraging, the silver lining
of the clouds may be revealed and all
be prosperous and happy.

George W. York & Co.,

Chicago, 111., 118 W. Jackson Blvd.

We wish to add a little to the fore-
going. We should have said that all
subscribers to the monthly American
Bee Journal in Chicago will pay 50 cents
a year, as the postofiice requires a 2-
cent stamp on each copy of a monthly
paper mailed in the city where pub-
lished.

"Apicultural Investigations" is a
division in the Bureau of Entomology,
Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C, entirely devoted to the in-
terests of bee-culture. Just now there
are 6 persons connected with the work,
as follows:

E. F. Phillips, in charge.

G. F. White, Expert in Bacteriology.

J. M. Rankin, in charge of Apicultural
Station, Chico, Calif.

B. N. Gates, Collaborator, Worcester,
Mass.

Jessie E. Marks, Apicultural Clerk.

The National Membership was 2390
on July I. So it lacks only no of being
a round 2500. This number should eas-
ily be reached by the time of the Har-
risburg meeting, exact date of which we
hope to be able to announce next month.

We understand that New York State
members are coming back into the Na-
tional Assi-iciation "in a bodv," even by

county associations. '1 his is a wise move.
It not only saves so cents to each mem-
ber thus coming, but helps to increase
the total membership so much more
rapidly. Let the good work go on.

Worcester Co., (Mass.) Field-Meet-
ing.— A. H. Estabrook, Secretary of the
Worcester Co., (Mass.) Bee-Keepers'
Association sent us the following on

July 2 :

The Worcester Co. (Mass.) Bee-Keep-
ers' .'\5sociation held a field-meeting at
the apiary of Mr. J. S. Whittemore, on
Pleasant St., in Leicester, on Saturday,
June 29, 1907. The resignation of
Pres. Burton N. Gates, of Worcester,
was read to the Association and ac-
cepted. Pres. Gates leaves the society
to take .a position as bee-expert in the
Department of Agriculture at Washing-
ton. It was then voted to leave the
matter of electing a new President until
the annual meeting next January. It was
voted to hold a Fair in September in
Horticultural Hall, the same as last
year. On September 24, 25, and 26,
1906, the Association held an exhibi-
tion of bees, hives, honey, and imple-
ments used in bee-keeping; and the Fair
was a decided success, so much so that
we have decided to hold another one
the coming September.

The same plan of popular lectures will
be carried on, and every eiTort will be
made to secure the most prominent lec-
turers on bee-matters in the country.
The exhibitions will be, as before, for
the amateur as well as the dealer in
supplies. Further notice of this Fair and
exact date will be published as soon as
possible. A. H. Estaerook, Sec.

Clark University, Worcester, Mass.

Missouri's St.\te Inspector of Apia-
ries is Mr. M. E. Darby, of Springfield,
Mo., as announced in the following from
Mr. R. A. Holekamp, Secretary of the
State Bee-Keepers' Association :

Editor York:— Our State Board of
Agriculture met at Kansas City, Mo., on
June 5, and appointed Mr. M. E. Darby,
of 400 East (Commercial Street, Spring-
field, Mo., as State Inspector of Apiaries.

Mr. Darby is the candidate supported
by the Missouri State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, and by making this appoint-
ment the State Board of Agriculttire
showed the bee-keepers did right in giv-
ing the Board the appointive power
when asking our Legislature to pass our
Bill.

If the bee-keepers of our State will
now give their inspector all the assist-
ance they can, by reporting to him locali-
ties where foul brood exists, and fol-
lowing his instructions in curing dis-
eased apiaries, we have good reason to
hope that our State may become, to a
certain extent, free from foul brood.

Mr. Darby is well fitted for the work,
and will make a good inspector.

Robt. a. Holekamp,
Secretary Mo. State B.-K. Association.

Missouri, like Illinois, has now an ap-
propriation of $1,000 a year to be used
in the interest of bee-keeping. We are
sure that Mr. Darby's appointment is a

584

American Hee Journal

July, 1907.

wise one. I£ the bee-keepers of Mis-
souri will now give him their hearty co-
operation, he will doubtless be able to
rid the State of foul brood in due time.
We congratulate the bee-keepers of
Missouri upon the success in securing
their new law, and also upon the ap-
pointment of Mr. Darby as inspector.

The Address of A. J. King, formerly
editor of the Bee-Keepers' Magazine,
(long since e.xtinct), is asked for by one
of our readers. Who can tell us?

ilR. Benton's Se.^rch for New Bee-
Races.

The following letter has been received
by the editor of Gleanings :

U.viTED States Dep.^rtment of Agriculture,
BuRE.\u o? Entomology.

Washington, D. C, May 29, 1907.

Mv Dear Sir: — I am in receipt of your let-
ter of May i6th, asking for information con-
cerning the results of tile trip by Mr. Frank
Benton, in search of new races of bees.

I regret that I am unable to give you a
report of this trip, since the Bureau of En-
tomology has received no such report from Mr.
Benton, and he is no longer connected with the
Bureau of Entomology-. The information which
we have on the subject is a verbal statement
from Mr. Benton to the effect that he found
very few bees, and was unable to ship any of
them to this country. The tone of his state-
ment concerning them would indicate that they
are not desirable. Respectfully yours.

G. L. Marlatt,
.4cthig Chief of Bureau.

Inspectors of .\pi.\ries' Report. — Un-
der date of July i, 1907, Dr. E. F. Phil-
lips, who now has charge of the bee-
keeping interests of our Government at
Washington, D. C., wrote as follows :

Dear Mr. York : — Under separate
cover, I am mailing you a copy of Bul-
letin No. 70, "Report of the Meeting
of Inspectors of .-Apiaries, San Antonio,
Tex., November 12, 1906." This bulletin
is for sale by the Superintendent of
Documents, Government Printing Office,
Washington, D. C, for 15 cents. Stamps
are not accepted in payment.
Yours very truly,

E. F. Phillips,
In Charge of Apiculture.

The Report referred to contains 80
pages and cover. It is a most interest-
ing pamphlet, and should be in the
hands of every bee-keeper who wishes
to have the latest word concerning dis-
eases of bees. Send a 15-cent money
order or coins for a copy as directed by
Dr. Phillips.

How Far Do Bees Go For
Nectar?

BY C. P. DADANT.

I have noticed both Mr. Chambers'
and Mr. Byer's articles on the above
subject (pages 279 and 393) and I desire
to add my experience. When anv one
of us thinks he knows, he should' hesi-
tate about telling others that they are
wrong, for different conditions produce
diffei^ent results, and what proves cor-
rect in one spot is incorrect in another.
Mr. Chambers himself, who says it is
"all bosh" about bees going such short
distances for honey, shows us that cir-
cumstances alter conditions, and that in
some cases bees may not go much over
a mile, for he says: "During all these
years the closest watch has failed to
show any great flight of bees towards
the sumacs on the east, .only a mile and
over."

I believe the man who claims the
longest distances of travel for his bees
is Mr. Doolittle. If I am not mis-
taken, he says they will go as far as 8
miles. I do not feel like calling Mr.
Doolittle's or Mr. Chambers' ideas "all
bosh," for I. believe that thev speak
the truth, but I think the distances trav-
eled by bees depend entirely upon loca-
tion. I know, as Mr. Chambers says,

that bees will travel farther in one di-
rection than in another. This is caused
by several things, in my opinion: The
direction of the wind, its velocity, the
shape of the ground (whether plains or
hills), the amount of obstacles, timber,
streams, houses, etc. ; and, lastly, the
number of honey-plants along the way
to the distant pasture.

Some 20 years ago, Mr. Root request-
ed several bee-keepers who had for a
long time kept out-apiaries, to write
statements of their experiences with
bees located at different spots under the
same management. The replies of
France, Manum and myself, with dia-
grams, were published in Gleanings at
that time, and have been since partly
reproduced in the "A B C of Bee-Cuf-
ture." I am sending a new diagram
which will show my reasons for believ-
ing that bees do not usually travel over
2 miles in search of honey.

Perhaps it is as well for me to say
at once, that there is nothing in the
statement that we must despise a race
of bees that are not good for a crop
of honey 3 miles or more from them.
We h,-tye imported fully one-half of
the Italian bees that have produced the
present American stock. We have tried
Carniolans, Cyprians, etc.. and we have
found no difference in their ability to
travel. In fact, the ability to travel

depends upon the wings, and the large
leather-colored Italians that we prefer
are as strong of wing as the best.

At the North of the map the reader
will see an apiary marked "Champeau."
We harvested our best crops at that
place, owing to the moist lowlands east
of it. The "Liegerot" apiary, a little
over 2 miles west of it, and located on
the shore of the river, never gave more
than half as much honey, under a man-
agement in every way identical. The
river cut half of its pasture away. We
have no bees there at present.

The "Milliken" apiary is now our best
apiary for yield, excepting the apiaries
at the south end, which are on the edge
of the low, swampy lands of the river.
The reader will notice^ that our home
apiary is just about 3J4 miles west of
it. and. although our bees fly mainly in
that direction, they have never been
able to harvest as good crops as at this
apiary.

Notice a dot southwest from our
home apiary. There was a small apiary
there a few years ago, and when the
Spanish-needles on the low islands be-
low Hamilton were in bloom, the bees
of that apiary invariably made progress
on the Spanish-needle honey when our
home bees did nothing. That honey
was only a little over 2 miles away, but
it was across hills and hollows, and
timber-land, and the bees evidently did
not go that far.

The "Byers" apiary is on high land,
some distance from any damp waste
lands, and has yielded nothing worth
mentioning, except from the white clover
pastures around it. It has been first-
class for the white clover crop, for most
of its surroundings are pastures.

The "Villemain" apiary is now in the
hands of a man who formerly worked
for us. It is adjacent to about 500 acres
of islands, and gets quite a crop from
that every year. But during one sum-
mer when those islands were pastured
to excess after a heavy flood of the
Mississippi, the bees in that apiary lit-
erally starved, while those of the "La-
met" apiary, and of the "Sack" apiary,
which are next to the immense swamps
of the river, were yielding abundantly.
The "Villemain" apiary is only 4 miles
from the nearest of those, and only 3^2
from the edge of the swamps; but as
Mr. Byer puts it, "it might as well have
been 20 miles away, as far as practical
results were concerned." But if instead
of hills and hollows between the two
there had been an uninterrupted valley,
with fields of flowers attracting them, it
is possible that the bees would have
gone the 4 miles and into the swamp-
land. I have no doubt that the bees
at the "Lamet" apiary go 2 or 3 miles
in a southwest direction for honey, since
their pasturage is wedge-shaped.

.\nother apiary within a half mile
gives about the same results. But the
"sack" apiary, on the edge of the widest
bottom-land, gives most positive results
every season. In 30 odd years we have
had but two failures of the fall crop
there. .\t that place we get only about
a half crop of clover honey, for their
pasture is half bottom-land that grows
no clover at all. Another apiary about
a mile south vields similar returns.

hilv, 1907

585

American l^ee Journal

TIic roadiT will sec l)y tliis how dis-
similar the crops may he when the con-
ditions of the country arc as dissimilar
as they are in our vicinity. I have no
doubt, however, that in the large plains
of Texas, or of Colorado, apiaries will
show more uniform results; hut no one
should lay down a rule, thinking that it
will apply to every field.

If we look at still more irregular
spots, we will find still more irregular
results. In Switzerland, where the coun-
try is cut up by stee|) hills and snow-
capped mountains, there are localities
where they find differences in results
within a mile or two. They are so ac-
customed to these differences in small
areas that they have come to the con-
clusion, in .some parts of Switzerland,
that they can isolate queens and drones,

woods .are pioli.ihly as nuich a hindr.ince
to the llight of bees as an\lhing else.

If the paslur.-ige is uniform all around
an apiary, without any special .itlr.ictions
in one direction, I firmly believe that
a circle with a diameter of 4 miles will
about cover the pasturage used by the
bees. This represents an area of over
7,000 acres, and if there is any honey
,it all in such an area the bees would
be very foolish to go farther.

Perhaps some one will ask me; How
do you know whether your bees go, or
do not go, to such or .such fields? By
the results. This is certainly the best
test. If ajjiaries 4 miles apart have
crops differing entirely in quantity or
quality, under the same management,
with the same breed, and using the same
kind of hives, there is nothing to make

by placing the mating apiaries at a dis-
tance of only two kilometers (1% miles)
from the other bees. This, to my mind,
is a mistake, for the drones are the
strongest, on the wing, of the race. Na-
ture has provided this so that they may
more readily find the young queens. I
therefore believe that drones will go
further even than the worker-bees.

The Mississippi River has proven a
barrier to our bees, and yet it is only a
mile wide. We found but one exception
to this rule. It was with a small apiary
on the edge of the Keokuk bluff. The
bees, penned in by the city, and finding
no fall blossoms anywhere near there,
cross the river every fall to harvest
honey from the blossoms on the opposite
bank — the islands shown in the accom-
panying diagram. The width of the
river is about a mile, and ought not to
be a complete hindrance. Hills and

the difference in results but the differ-
ence in pastures. If the bees at the
" Milliken " apiary harvest Spanish-
needle honey in large quantities from a
pasture just east of them, and those
at the home apiary get honey of a dif-
ferent color, and less in quantity, we
will surely conclude that they do not
work in the same area, even though they
all appear to go in the same direction.
If an apiary near the swamps produces
half as much clover honey as the home
apiary, and twice as much fall honey,
it is evident that that apiary is in a
different field as to blossoms. If our
bees went 0 nnles readily, in any direc-
tion, they would have something like
TOG square miles to harvest from, or
over 60,000 acres. There would be no
limit to the crop, no possibility of over-
stocking.

The experience I mention here dates

back many years. Our out-apiary was
established in 1872. In 1877 we had
6 apiaries, and have had from 4 to 6
ever since that time.
Hamilton, 111.

Some Queen Questions
Answered.

BY d. M. DOOLIITLE.

QuESTio.v. — A while ago I bad a
swarm issue which was hived in the
usual way. After hiving the swarm I
cut out all of the queen-cells from the
parent colony but 3, and there were no
more such cells started. About 15 days
later another swarm issued from the
parent hive. On examining the hive

1 found that the bees had actually kept

2 of the queens confined in their cells
6 or 7 days after they should have
gnawed out. One queen had been al-
lowed to emerge from one of the 3
cells, she leading out the second swarm,
while the other 2 queens were in the
cells. I cut open the cells, and, when
liberated, strange to say, these 2 queens
could fly as well as queens which have
been out of their cells several days.
How would you account for this? And
what kept these queens from starving?

Ans. — Bees do what seem to the
novice as very strange things quite of-
ten, and even the veteran is sometimes
puzzled over some of the things they
do. The 2 queens which our questioner
found in their cells were kept there by
the bees so that they might have the ma-
terial to preserve the existence of the
colony after a second swarm had issued.
In fact, it is a very rare thing for an
after-swarm to issue unless one or
more virgin queens are held in their
cells in just this way. Had those two
queens been allowed to emerge from
their cells, a fight would have ensued
till all but one queen would have been
killed, and the killing of all but one
of the queens would have prevented all
after-swarming, and such preventing was
just why the bees kept the 2 queens in
their cells so as to preserve them till
after the queen- which the bees allowed
to emerge from her cell first had left
with the afterswarm, after which it was
safe for another of the 2 queens to leave
her cell, as only one queen is allowed
to roam the hive at one time, for any
length of time, except in case of super-
sedure of queens, when, in exceptional
cases, the mother and daughter will
dwell together for days, weeks, and
sometimes months, until the old queen
dies of her infirmities.

Had the questioner waited an hour or
so after the second swarm issued be-
fore he had opened the hive he would
have found one of the 2 queens at lib-
erty, and the other kept in her cell by a
knot of bees clustering over it, or both
out and one of them killed, just accord-
ing to whether the colony intended to
send out the third swarm or not.

When all idea of swarming is given
up then all queens old enough to do so are
allowed to leave their cells, a fight en-
suing, till all but one are killed, when
the bees and queen turn in and gnaw
into all the remaining queen-cells, when

586

Jnlv, 1907.

American Hne Journal

the victorious young queen stings all of
her embryo rivals through the holes
made in the sides of the cells. But
until the idea of swarming is given up,
all occupied queen-cells are protected
from the queen having her liberty by lit-
tle knots of bees clustering about them.

And in the above we have the account-
ing for what our questioner thought a
strange proceeding. But before leav-
ing this part of the matter I wish to
say that a circumstance similar to the
one given by the questioner is somewhat
rare, in that the queens were kept so
long in their cells. This can be ac-
counted for by believing that bad weath-
er for swarming occurred at about the
time the first queen emerged from her
cell, and continued for a week or so,
or during the time the -bees held these
queens in their cells. Otherwise, as is
usually the case, this second swarming
would have occurred in two or three
days after the emerging of the first
young queen from her cell.

And now as to the matter of what
kept the two queens from starving
The bees fed them, of course ; and had
our questioner looked closely he would
have found a little hole near the end
of the cell through which the queen
put out her tongue to be fed, as I have
seen them do scores and hundreds of
times.

Some seem to think that bees never
feed a queen or another bee unless they
are in a measure forced to do so ; but
this is a mistake. I have seen bees
feeding these inmates of queen-cells at
many times during the past 35 years.
I first saw it being done in 1871, and
saw the same thing during the summer
of 1906, and during many of the sum-
mers intervening.

In 1871 I was immensely interested,
as this was my first experience, in the
matter. In 1906, I observed more
closely than ever before, for the reason
that a prominent bee-keeper said that
the queen almost laid hold of a worker-
bee in order that she might be fed, and
that all of the present notions regarding
the bees feeding one another, and es-
pecially the queen, were only fossil ideas
drifting down through the centuries. ,
I found, as my memory served me of
other observations, that all the queen
had to do while in her cell was just
to push out her tongue through this
slit or hole in the same, when there
were bees ready to feed her. Yea, they
seemed anxious to do this, for no sooner
would the tongue protrude than one,
2, and often 3 bees would be there to
caress it and ofTer food. And these
young queens when thus cared for, are
growing strong almost, if not quite, as
rapidly as is the one having her liberty,
so that it is nothing strange that our
questioner's queens which were kept in
their cells 5 or 6 days after they should
have emerged, were so they could fly
as soon as he cut the cells open.

Some years ago, I had a queen laying
in 3 days from the time she emerged
from her cell. It happened in this way :
A colony lost its queen, casting a swarm
with a virgin queen, and while they were
hanging on the limb I opened the hive
to cut the queen-cells preparatory to re-
turning them. Upon looking the hive
over I found only one cell besides the

one the queen emerged from, and as I
had the frame having it on in my hands,
a beautiful youn^ queen came forth from
this cell. I at once took the frame,
bees and all, together with 2 more,
and formed a nucleus with them, and in
just 3 days I found the queen laying.
.\t that time I thought I had found
something extra along the line of smart
queens, but a few years afterward I
had nearly the same thing again with a
queen which I kiiew had been held in
the cell for at least 5 days. A queen
that is thus held in her cell grows old
as fast as do those which queen-breed-
ers keep in nursery cages, and it is noth-
ing worthy of comment for introduced
nursery-caged queens 5 or 6 days old
to be laying 3 or 4 days later. A queen
emerging from her cell at maturity is a
weak, white, downy thing, very much
different from the strong, ready-to-fly
queens we always have with queens held
in their cells till they have been quahk-
ing for 2 or 3 days.
Borodino, N. Y.

Rearing Pure Queens— Hive-
Bottoms.

BY DR. G. BOHRER.

Please permit me, Mr. Editor, to en-
dorse what is said on page 481, and also
much that is quoted from others con-
cerning the matter of improving bees.
I find no improvement in the Italian bee,
except it be the goldens where not
crossed with Cyprians, which may prove
to be something of an improvement upon
the 3-banded bees of 40 years ago, in
beauty at least. I have one of these
queens whose worker progeny is as large
as any I ever saw. And her queen off-
spring, so far, are fine in color, of good
size, and quite prolific. But their work-
ers in turn show the 4th, and some of
them the Sth, yellow or golden band.
This has led me to conclude that this
queen has been fertilized by a drone
from 3-banded Italian stock, and that
her queen offspring has been mated to
golden drones, as the number of yel-
low bands points in that direction. But
while the mother-queen in question is
very prolific, her workers are good-dis-
positioned, and as great honey-gath-
erers as I have ever had any experience
with.

The question comes up as to what a
golden Italian bee is, anyway. Is it an
original and distinct race, or is it the
result of selecting the brightest coiored
queens and drones to breed from
through several successive generations'
If so, then we are surely getting back
towards what an original and dis'inct
race of bees was. For it seems lo be
absolutely certain that if we use the
darkest colored queens and drones to
breed from they run back rapidly to the
black races of bees. I have found it no
small task to keep the 3-banded Ital-
ians up to the well-marked 3-banded
standard. The tendency is to show ,i
yellow waist and one distinct yellow
band, with a very indistinct third yci
low band. And to breed queens from a
mother whose workers are thus marked
is certain to show still more prominently
black blood.

With the facts before us, of careful
selections resulting in brighter yello\^
bees, and indifference as to selection in
breeding resulting in darker and widely
different colored bees, the question again
comes up as to "where we are at." Onr
will reply that we are surrounded by
black and mongrel bees, and that the
disappearance of the yellow bands is
due to this fact only. That such a stat^
of affairs will keep up amalgamation and
retard improvement in any desirable di-
rection, is without doubt true; but if a
3-banded queen-breeding apiary be lo-
cated 10 to 15 miles from all other race>
of bees, is this strain of bees ever found
to be distinct, that none but 3-banded
bees will be produced? If so, and these
bees are, as some claim, larger and
hardier than the goldens, and better
honey-gatherers, then it is the duty of
all bee-keepers to join in securing such
legislative enactment as will secure
protection by isolation from all other
races of bees. Ten to 15 miles it would
seem would be ample distance. Some
think a much shorter distance would an-
swer, but as it is known that queens
are often out of the hive more than 30
minutes when on their bridal trip, nc
one seems able to state definitely the
distance they go from the hive when
out so long. But it being highly proba
ble that in level or undulating regions
they go several miles from the hive, and
it being also quitely likely that drones
likewise go a long distance from the
apiary in which they are reared, any per-
son who breeds queens for the market
should be required to get control of all
the bees within a radius of 15 to 20
miles, and take out a license to breed
queens near the center of his territory.
And the law should prohibit any one
else from keeping bees within his terri-
tory. This rule should apply to any
one who breeds any other strain of bees,
whether goldens, 3-banded, Carniolan.
Cyprian, or any other race of honey-
bees.

Any one who can answer the ques-
tions as to whether the goldens are a
distinct race of bees, and whether the
3-banded bees are a distinct' race, and
what isolation and careful selection of
breeding stock has done in producing
and maintaining either or both intact,
will, no doubt, confer a favor upon many
bee-keepers.

Hive Bottom -Bo.\rds.

But permit me to join Mr. SchoU, on
page 692 of Gleanings, in what he says
concerning the flimsy and worthless bot-
tom-boards that many factories are
sending all over the country. Some of
them say that they do not recommend
them, but supply them when ordered. I
never knew any one to order hives with
these trashy bottom-boards. But they
get them just the same. I will say that
if it is really a fact that supply-factories
do not recommend these traps, they
most certainly do know that they are a
pest, and not wliat the practicd bee-
keepers want, and they- should so in-
form their patrons, if they really wish
them to have actual value for their
money. These traps cost quite as much
as ?^-inch "boards. The latter will last
many years with proper care, while the

July, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

5b7

thin bottoms go to pieces in a short
time. Worst of all, the joints in them
shrink here in Central Kansas until
robber-bees find it an easy task to en-
ter them and destroy a good colony in a
short time. I have, after 3 years' use,
thrown them away.

Please, gentlemen, let us have no
more 5-16 bottom-boards. Many begin-
ners have been clieatcd by having these
trashy bottoms put ofY on tlicm, not
knowing Iiow little tliey are worth. And
some experienced bee-keepers ordered
hives with "x bottom-boards and had the

thin bottoms sent them. I was caught
in just this trap once, and was "up
against" the proposotion of accepting
them or doing without hives, as it was
too late to get others, the swarming sea-
son being upon me.

Such bad supplies with advancing, in-
creasing prices, are causing many per-
sons to try 10 make their hives them-
selves, which, as a rule, does not secure
a hive made ni good material, properly
cut and put together. Let us have
hives made- ni good material.

Lyons. K.ins. (Continued on p. 601.)

Conducted by E.NLMA M. VVlL.Su.N. MaiLiisio, 111.

" Emma " Means " Honey-Bees"

In olden times any change in the fam-
ily, as the death of their keeper, was
told to the bees, says Praktischer Weg-
weiser, and when a man entered matri-
mony he must introduce his young wife
to the bees, and hence probably arose
the maiden name "Emma," for the old
German name Emma is the high Ger-
man of "Imme," as the bees were called
at that time. Many girls of the present
time named Emma may not know they
actually bear the name of our busy
Uttle honev-gatherers.

Retarding Swarming— Bee-Sting
Cure

This promises to be a good year with
me. The bees are not swarming so much
as at other times, yet they are storing
honey in better quantities than usual.
So I had made up my mind that anxiety
to swarm is not an indication that they
are short of room. It is with bees as
with people, I guess. They must do
something, and if there is nothing to
gather for honey, they swarm. I have
been wondering if feeding the bees dur-
ing short honey-flow would retard
swarming'.

I wish I had a sure and prompt cure
for stings. I do not get stung often,
but especially if stung on the face or
neck. I am badly poison-ed thereby, and
am sick for days. All the books, etc.,
I have read on the subject say to handle
the bees during the middle of the day
when they are flying freely, yet that is
the time of all others that I avoid them,
as then they are decidedly warlike with
me. Early in the morning, while it is
yet cool, is the time I work with them,
and often I take ofif a super or put one
on, and not a bee comes out of the hive.
Often, ttio, a swarm that issues in the
heat of the day will not enter a hive,
yet will do so late in the evening, and
sometimes in the morning.

If a virgin queen is clipped, how will
she mate, as that takes place during
flight? Mrs. Gertrude L. Goodwin.

Roy, Wash., June 6.

It is hard to understand very much
about what favors or retards swarm-
ing. It is not likely that you could
retard swarming by feeding, yet bees
are more likely to swarm with a very
moderate yield than with nectar com-
ing in a flood.

A thousand and one cures for stings
have been given, yet it is not certain
that one of them can be depended upon
when it comes to the pinch. Perhaps
mud is as good as anything else. Your
course probably is to do one of two
things. You may try the plan of taking
the stings until you become immune. In
your case it is just possible that it would

time iliey came to prefer the middle 01
the day. It is not so much the middle
of the day, either. Sometimes bees will
be gocd-natured in the forenoon and
cross at noon. Sometimes good-natured
in the afternoon. It depends upon the
pasturage. That's good sometimes in one
part of the day, sometimes another;
and when bees are busy gathering they
arc on their best behavior. So long,
however, as your bees sting less in the
morning, there is no reason why you
should not take that time of day to
handle ihem. When jx)u have bees
enough you have to work at all limes
of day.

Bees are not to be blamed if they
don't want to go into a hot hive in the
middle of the day. You wouldn't, either.
You may find that it will make a great
difference if you have the hive shaded,
or sprinkled with water, and especially
if you have the cover partly oflf so that
the bees find it cooler in the hive than
out.

If a virgin is clipped she will not mate.
If you have clipped a virgin, the best
thing is to clip oflf her head, also.

T-Super Dimensions, Springs, Etc.

Dear Miss Wilson : — Please give the
inside length of Dr. Miller's T-super,
that he uses on the 8- frame Langstroth
hive. Also the thickness of the "fol-
lower" that he uses. (I suppose the
supers are 12% inches wide.)

Can the springs that he says are bet-
ter than wedges be bought of dealers?
Are they to be used loose, or are they
to be attached to the super?

As I am going to make a few of those
supers, I desire to have them made right.
I take it for granted that the length of
the T-tins are 12 inches,

I would very much like to see a de-
scription of his "super-filler." I believe
he has promised to describe it some
time. Mary M. Smith.

Caldwell, Ida., May 27.

.\ T-super measures, inside, when first

FIG. l.-SUPER-FILLER.

take so long and entail so much suflfer-
ing that it would not be worth while.
The other course is to wear gloves, and
dress so as to be proof against stings.

Your feeling about the time of day
has been the same with others, but in

made, 17^x12^^x45^ inches. Ours have
been in use for years, and now measure
414 in depth, which is a better depth.
But even well-seasoned lumber seems to
shrink with age, so it is better to make
them 4?^. If they were made 414 at

July, 1907.

American Hee Journal

first, and then should shrink to 4^i, there
would be trouble.

The follower is I7j4x4'4x5-i6, of
course with places cut for the T-tins.

The super springs can be bought of
any dealer in bee-supplies, costing a
cent apiece, or about 75 cents a hundred.
At first we used 2 to each super ; but
now use only one, and it works all
right. The spring is used loose, thrust
down somewhat diagonally, between the
side of the super and the follower, at
the middle.

Yes, the T-tins are 12 inches long.

The following description of the su-
per-filler is taken from Dr. Miller's
"Forty Years among the Bees," page
148:

Super-Filler.

I'll tell you how to make a super-
filler. Take a board as large as the out-
side dimensions of your super or larger.
(The one in Fig. I is a board hive-
cover.) Nail a cleat on one end of the
board, and another cleat on one side,
as in the picture. These cleats may be
J/^ by J4 inch, but the dimensions are not
important. Now put a super on the
board, shoving one corner snug up in the
corner made by the cleats. With a lead-
pencil, mark on the board, on the in-
side of the super, where the sides of
the super come. Put eight sections in
the super, four on each side, with the
three T-tins in their proper places. With
a pencil rule across the board each side
of each T-tin, so as to show where the
T-tins come. Now take off the super
and its contents, and get six strips, each

11^ inches long and

inch square.

Nail these on as shown in the picture,
so as to keep at equal distances from
the pencil-mark of the super at each
side, and about a fourth of an inch

FK;. 2. -PUTTING FOUNDATION IN
SECTIONS.

distant from the marks made for the T-
tins. The super-filler is now com-
plete.

It stands at a convenient height at the
right-hand side of the one who operates
the Darsy fastener, with the side-cleat
at the farther side (See Fig. 2). A su-
per is placed on it with one corner of
the super tight against the angle made
by the cleats; but no T-tin is yet put
in the super. As the sections come from
the fastener they are placed in the su-
per at the end toward the back of the
operator. When the first row of six is
completed, the T-tin is slipped under
these sections into its proper place.
In like manner a second row of
sections and a T - tin ; then a third
row and a T-tin, and lastly the fourth
row. Then without rising, the operator
lifts this filled super to one side and gets
an emtpy one.

Bees Capture a New Home

"Long Be.\ch, C.^lif., April 25. — Sev-
eral weeks ago Mr. and Mrs. Clarence
Carney furnished a new home they had
built in Belmont Heights, but, having
paid the rent on another house, re-
mained in tlie latter until today, when
they delivered up the keys and started

off with visions of a happy time in their
own home.

"When they unlocked the front door
they were startled by thousands of busy
honey-bees, swarming in every nook and
corner of the house, which were so an-
gry at the intrusion that they literally
drove Mr. and Mrs. Carney from the
house by a combined assault.

"Mrs. Carney sat on the doorstep and
laughed, while her husband made a
trip to town for brimstone, which he
threw, burning, into the house, but with
little effect, and Mr. and J^Irs. Carney
will sleep downtown tonight and seek
to allay numerous severe stings received
ir» the day's encounter."

Isn't it a pity that all reporters are not
obliged to take a preparatory course in
bee-keeping to fit them to give correct
reports in regard to bee-items? The
above item may have occurred exactly
as reported, and it may not. In any
case, it shows the superiority of the
feminine mind, as Mrs. Carney was
able to sit on the step and laugh, while
her liege lord threw burning brimstone
into the house. We are not told how
long it took the house to burn down,
nor the amount of insurance.

dr. /lasg^^

$]M

The "Old Reliable " as seen through New and Unreliable Glasses.
By E. E. HASTY, Sta. B. Rural, Toledo, Ohio.

'LvM.\N Method of Swarm Control.

We should await with interest the re-
ports on the Lyman method of swarm
' control. It may be characterized as a
self-acting artificial swarmer which
operates gradually instead of suddenly.
My impression is that the out-and-out
shaken swarm (in some of its forms)
will eventually give more general sat-
isfaction. Placing a great lot of young
brood where man}- bees go out and few
or none come in doesn't look to be the
proper thing. The method evidently has
this in its favor, however, that it ob-
viates the desertions which some "shook"
swarmers have run against so badly. If
we try to save time to the utmost, and
judge from outside appearances, we may
shake a swarm which had no intention
of swarming at all — and so do lots of
needless mischief. Same of the Lyman
method. In both there would be a
queen to be reared from the start under
improper and bad conditions. Which
would be the worse I hardly know. On
the whole, I think I'd sooner trust the
queen from a hive with a natural en-
trance, even if the bees were too few
and nearly all young. Page 411.

Detecting a Honey-Flow — Putting on
E.XTRA Supers.
Doolittle's way of seeing if a honey-
flow is on is fresh enough to speak

about. With the sun low, as it is at 4
o'clock, get your head near the ground
and protected from direct rays, view the
incoming bees thus, looking nearly to-
ward the sun, but not quite, and those
carrying loads of honey will have a
translucent look, while the others look
opaque. I'll own up that I never tried
this, but I have no doubt that it would
work. Very skittish new beginners
might dislike to e.xpose unprotected
heads so near to a stream of bees.

That's an honest confession Mr. D.
makes also. While he practiced the or-
thodox way of lifting a super to put
an empty super under he regularly had
from one-third to one-half of his sec-
tions unfinished. The unfinished ones
are from 4 to 8 out of 100 now that he
always puts the empty super above. This
list is not far from my own results,
using the double-deck wide-frame and
no tiering up at all. Page 431.

"Wheelbarrowing" Colonies.

Nothing succeeds like success. F. L.
Day succeeds at trotting his hives 25
rods on a common wheelbarrow, and
gets them on the summer stands all
right, and before they wake up. 'Spects
if they were roaring and already waked
up. and more than waked up, when he
started with them the outcome might
be different. Page 432.

July, 19(17.

S89

American liee Journal

'I'liKKi: N'ki.i.dw Sukkt Clovkks.

So tile aiimi.il Mclilotus of Texas is
yellow. I ihiiiU the one 1 read of years
ago was Ijliie. Doiilitless this yellow an-
nual is responsihle for some of the mix-
up that prevails in the miiicls of the
brethren about yellow Melilotus. If I'm
right wc have at least 3 yellows. One
is purely and simply a yellow variation
of the white, nearly identical otherwise,
and therefore of no use to us except as a
curiosity. One is a smaller and earlier
biennial with many points of dififcrcncc,
among them a liking for wet ground,
and different species botanically. Third
comes this yellow annual which is still
more a tiling in itself. Page 43,?.

V.\Rioi's Kinds of Fool Sw.\rms.

Wc are liable any day to have some
one deny that there is such a thing as
the "fool swarm;" and therefore let us
fool with it a little. The fool swarm is
one of the subdivisions of one of the
divisions. Primes, afterswarms and de-
serters constitute the first divide. Pro-
ceeding to subdivide the deserters we
have about 4 kinds. The first, and by
far the most common kind, occur in
regular swarming time, and among re-
cently-hived swarms. They think they
can do better, else haven't had frolic
enough, and out they come. Some years
seem to be more promotive of this con-
trariness than others. Next we have a

miscell:iiu'nu» lot of uiuimcly swarms
that consider themselves driven out by
unendurable conditions — unendurable
heat, unendurable cold, draughtiness,
leakage of water, inroads of insects, etc.
'I'hird comes the "hunger swarm," pure
and simple. We can certainly respect
their disiiosition not to "die and make
no sign" when starving. As a last re-
sort they start out and try to better
their conditinii. Naturally liunger swarms
arc mostly in the early spring, but not
all then, 1 believe, h'ourtli and last is
the fool swarm. Comfort.ablc and sweet-
smelling hive, fair supply of both honey
and pollen, ;ibsolutely nothing to cause
them to go except the discontent and
wenriness H'hicb has groivn up in their
minds. Wc can hardly admire their wis-
dom, but we can admire the high-strung
mental character, without which such a
result would never come afwut. Not
very different from the case of the well-
situated family that migrates to a life
of struggle and suffering in a new coun-
try. "Our graves were out here, and
we had to come to 'em," said a lady
of such a family, 20 miles from where
I write, in the Black Swamp of Wood
County. Human fool swarm much
more common than the fool swarm of
bees. Well, the case which Mr. Byer
gives on page 434 is excellent to mark,
and keep in reserve, in case some
"Thomas" should get up and deny the
whole thing.

Canadian
rBc^c^dom

Conducted by J. L. BVEK. Jlount Joy. Unt.

Busy With the Bees

I am very busy (June 15). Colonies
got ahead of me, owing to bad weather,
and it was quite a job to break up
swarming after the fever was con-
tracted. I will have quite a blank dur-
ing fruit-bloom and clover, and it will
pay to feed, as I will have to be away
for about 2 weeks steady, so the best
I can do is to leave the colonies heavy
with honey and let them take chances.
As the majority of them have lots of
unsealed honey from fruit, in the supers,
they will not sutler for a week or two.
J. L. BVER.

ence I have not lost a dozen colonies
by starvation, yet I am still learning the
necessity of abundance of good stores
in the fall.

Mr. Storer. of Lindsay, winters his
bees in a perfect cellar, and yet every
colony must have 40 pounds of stores.
I am thoroughly convinced that he is
on the safe side, and if necessary some
years, it is no great trouble to relieve
the brood-nest. This year our large,
heavy brood-nests needed no relief.

Alexander Plan of Building Up
Weak Colonies

Bees Starved in the Cellar

Editor Hutchinson tells, in the Re-
view, of losing a large number of colo-
nies in the cellar through starvation.
The cold weather prevented taking the
bees from the cellar until nearly the
first of May, and, as a result, as has
been mentioned, a lot of them starved.

While in all my bee-keeping experi-

While the Alexander plan for build-
ing up weak colonies is good when sin-
gle-walled hives are used, yet it is al-
most of no value to those bee-keepers
who winter their bees on the summer-
stands, as >uch hives can not be tiered
up. This spring I blundered on to a
plan that is simply "immense" when you
want to have a good queen that has only
a few bees with her.

When clipping at one yard 2 weeks

agn. I found 2 young Italian tjuecns
that I brnight last fall, with only almut
a h.iiidful of bees with each. Having
found the queens in 2 extra-strong colo-
nies, the combs they were on were set
aside and then the bees of a couple of
combs were shaken in front of these
very weak colonies. The old ^ees re-
turn to their old location, and the
young bees crawl up into the hives they
arc ill front of. These young hecs are
indeed "friends in need," and just the
right kind of strength required. In-
stead of having brood to get chilled,
the colony has more bees to care for
and rear brood, and on examining those
2 colonics to-day, after 2 weeks' time,
1 could hardly think it possible that
so much change could have taken place
in so short a time.

Dark Bees the Hardiest

Just lately I was speaking with a
liee-kccper who has been in a large
number of apiaries in Ontario, during
the past 2 months, and he remarked
that in every case the dark bees — Car-
niolans and natives — had stood the ad-
verse conditions much better than the
Italians. My own personal experience
is exactly in accord with this view,
and the very few weak colonies I have
are nearly all headed by Italian queens.
The very yellow, or 5-banders, have
suffered the worst ; in fact, through
these parts they have been cleaned out
entirely. It seems to be quite the gen-
eral opinion that these very yellow bees
are not so hardy as the leather-col-
ored Italians, yet I have never seen
a good explanation as to zc/iy this is
the case.

" A Cold and Backward Season

The above phrase has become a by-
word during the year of 1907, so far.
However, since June 16, in our 'local-
ity at least, the first-named qualifying
adjective can be eliminated when speak-
ing of weather condition. On that date
a warm wave accompanied by nice
showers came in, and the growth in
vegetation has been phenomenal. It
seems as if Nature were putting forth
every eiifort to make up for lost time,
and instead of looking forward to crop
failure, the farmers are now confident
of at least an average harvest. Pros-
pects for the bee-keeper are also much
brighter, and although the clover is
about 2 weeks later than usual, yet it is
now looking good, and with favorable
weather there is no reason why a crop
of honey should not be secured. Bass-
woods are very full of buds, and while
this source of nectar is always very un-
certain, yet we never get basswood
honey when we have no basswood
bloom. The acreage of buckwheat will
be larger than usual, so from one source
or another the bee-keeper should be
able to get some honey. Clover started
to yield yesterday (June 24), and now
we have just had a soaking rain which
should put it in good condition for
yielding nectar when the weather clears
again.

Speaking of bee-forage, I often won-

590

July, 1907.

American Vae Journal

der if the bee-keepers of the northern
part of the continent fully appreciate
the value of alsike clover. In a recent
issue of Gleanings, Editor Root says
that those bee-keepers will be fortu-
nate who have had lots of alsike clover
scattered around their apiaries. He ad-
vises bee-keepers to buy the seed for
the fariVters free, believing that in the
end the investment would be a paying
one. Be that as it may, I am thank-
ful that we live in a locality where
alsike is grown for seed, as I know if
it were not for alsike we might as
well pull up stakes at once.

As to white clover, we have a little
in old pasture-fields and on the road-
sides, but in dry seasons it is cropped
so closely bj' sheep that it hardly gets
a chance to bloom. Occasionally a field
is grown for seed, and from observation
I am quite sure that it is not at all
equal to alsike as a honey-yielder. I
wonder if about ^ of the white clover
honey produced throughout the coun-
try is not gathered from the alsike !

If thought advisable later on, these nu-
clei can be united and good results ob-
tained during the flow, or, as I contem-
plate doing, the nuclei can be made
strong in double-quick time by the giv-

ing of brood from extra-strong colonies.
Colonies made up like this, headed by a
young queen, are in an ideal condition
to take advantage of any flow that may
happen to come.

A Swarming' Surprise

Bee-keepers in this locality were caught
napping this spring. With steady cold
weather prevailing right through April,
May, and the first week of June, with
scarcely a day fit to open hives, swarm-
ing was hardly thought of. Imagine our
surprise when on starting queen-clip-
ping during the early part of fruit-
bloom, we found about 1-3 of the colo-
nies starting queen-cells. One colony
had swarmed about the middle of May
when pussy-willows were yet in bloom.
The queen being clipped, the bees re-
turned, and when the young queens
emerged, away went the whole force of
bees. This happened at an out-yard,
and the loss was not discovered until a
couple of days after the bees had left.
This is the first time I have ever lost a
swarm in the spring, and what makes
the itiatter particularly aggravating is
the fact that the queen was an extra-
good one, and I was contemplating rear-
ing a number of young queens from her.

Having said so much, I may as well
tell the whole joke. The da}' I discov-
ered the loss I had made a trip to the
out-apiary for the express purpose of
bringing that colony to the home-yard
so as to give it closer attention when
rearing those young queens. It has been
rather a boast of mine that I have not
in 5 years allowed a colony to swarm in
fruit-bloom, but after this spring, I guess
I would better keep "mum" when the
subject is mentioned. All colonies found
with queen-cells were treated to. a thor-
ough over-hauling, cells cut out, supers
put on, and although the weather was
cool, brood was put in the supers over
the strongest colonies. Returning 10
days later 6 colonies were found to have
swarmed, and 3 more were again start-
ing cells. As fruit-bloom was just over,
after cutting out cells again the 3 were
considered safe, but with those that had
swarmed and lost the old queens, noth-
ing short of breaking up the colonies
into strong nuclei would answer the
purpose — queen-cells nearly all sealed,
and also most of the brood ; and the
bees in that noticeable broody condition.

Conducted by L<.)UIS 11. bCHULL, .New Brauntels. lex.

" Snowy White " Drones

Some S or 6 years ago I had a large,
prolific queen that would produce a
drone every now and then almost pure
white. These were not the so-called
"Albino" strain, but were dark hybrids,
and these sports were not of the white,
ashy color usually found in the so-
called "Albinos," but were almost of a
"snowy" whiteness; even their wings
having a milky cast. The few that I
saw of these strange freaks of nature
were never able to Ry, and were soon
dragged or driven from the hives by
the bees.

Distance Bees Forage Profitably

How far will bees fly for honey? This
is a question often asked, and, strangely
enough, you will hardly find two apiar-
ists who will give the same answer.
I think it should not be so much a
question of how far bees will fly for
honey, but rather a question as to how
far will bees fly and gather honey at a
profit.

I know that bees will fly from 5 to 7
miles for honey, and G. M. Doolittle
once said they would fly from 3 to 5
miles from choice, when plenty of bloom
was to be found near by. Let that be
as it may, I will tell how I know they
fly from 5 to 7 miles for honey.

Away back in the '8o's I lived in John-
son Co., Texas, and was the first one to
get the yellow-banded bees in that local-
ity. The following spring a neighbor
that lived at least 5 miles distant from
my apiary told me those yellow bees
worked freely on the fruit-bloom on his
place, and that he lined them within
less than 2 miles of my apiary with the
hope of finding some of the improved
bees wild in the woods.

The same year I was six or seven
miles from my apiary and saw those
same yellow-banded Cyprians at work
on horsemint. This was on the high
prairie, and only a skirt of timber be-
tween those bees at work on the mint
and my apiary. They would rise high in
the air and make a direct line for my
apiary. I searched the woods thoroughly
with the hope of finding wild bees of
the improved kind, but became fully

convinced that they were bees from
my own apiary. I do not mean to say
that bees will always fly that distance.
I am sure that the locality and season
have much to do with it, and, I might
add, the "lay" of the country also.

At another time (and a very dry year
— the rain that we did have was just
local showers), I had my colonies gather
about 30 lbs. of comb hony each from
wild marigold, zV^ to 4 miles away.
How do I know this? I'll tell you. As
stated, it was a dry j'ear, and every-
thing was dry and parched in my local-
ity. But 4 or 5 miles away there had
been plenty of showers to make the
wild marigold do its best, and there
was nothing for bees to work on in my
locality at the time. Besides, it is easy
to tell when bees are at work on the
marigold, by their bodies becoming dust-
ed over with a deep yellow pollen.

Rescue, Tex. L. B. Smith.

Yes, it is easy to tell when bees are
at work on the flowers of what is com-
monly called "wild marigold" — Gaillar-
dia pulchella Fong. Besides the golden-
yellow pollen-dust on the bees, the honey
has a characteristic flavor, very sweet,
and of a heavy body, dark amber or
golden in color. These- plants extend-
ing from the plains of Arkansas and
Louisiana through Texas and to Ari-
zona and Mexico, are often much influ-
enced by local rains ; that is, where rains
do not come at the right time there
will be no " marigold," while several
miles away a fine crop of bloom may
be open where rains prevailed. In such
instances it is well that our bees should
go several miles from home. But will
they always do so? I remember an in-
tance where 2 apiaries were located only
l'/2 miles apart. Near one of them lo-
cated on low land, a composite came
into bloom in abundance during July
when there was no other bloom any-
where. The bees of this yard stored the
combs heavily with honey, there being
the roar of a big honey-flow on in the
apiary during the time of the yield.
The bees at the other yard did nothing
all the summer; they knew absolutely
nothing of "the good time their neigh-
bors were having," and that only l}4
miles away. Now why didn't they find
those flowers? There was a "whole val-
lev full of them."

July, 1907.

Amc»rican l^ee Jonrnaljy^^

591

Pure Food Laws

Texas is iiol far bi-liiiul uii liaviiig a
pure food law conforniiuH: with tlic Na-
tional law. From a list of abstracts of
the provision of acts of the Thirtieth
Legislature of this State, which met re-
cently, is taken the following :

"Pure Food Law. — House Bill 5, is
the pure food bill creating a Pure Food
Commission with an appropriation of
$5,000 a year, the Commission to be lo-
cated at the College of Industrial Arts
at Denton, (Texas). The Commission
is to be appointed by the Govenor. The
Bill provides for the appointtnent of a
Pure Food Commissioner, to receive a
salary of $2000 a year, and a Deputy
Commissioner, at $1200 a year. The
office is to have a stenographer at $600
a year. The Act is to prevent adultera-
tion, fraud, and deception in the manu-
facture and s;.le of articles of food,
drink, paints, and drugs. The stand-
ard set for purity in drugs is the
test laid down in the United States
Pharmacopoea. By adulteration is de-
fined the mixing with any substance
anything which depreciates its strength
and purity; the addition of a cheaper
substance; the abstraction of a con-
-tituent or ingredient; selling an imi-
;ation for another article; if any is
diseased, decomposed, putrid, infected,
tainted, or rotten. This applies to milk
or animal or vegetable substances."

The bee-keepers of Texas have long
wished for a law of this kind, and.it
will help the bee-keeping industry much
toward helping to maintain better prices
for honey; especially for honey of
iiood quality.

There are, however, many persons
who can not see the good that the pure
food law will do for them. This was
a surprise to me. They complain that
"it will cause all products to go up m
price to such an extent that it will be
impossible to buy them." But we should
consider that we are getting better pay
for what we sell, and that we get bet-
ter food-stuff for what we buy. Yes, it
is a just measure all around, and for
all of us, although the adulterators may
not think so.

Orgfanized Effort Among Bee-
Keepers

In unity there is strength! This holds
with bee-keepers as well as with any
other class of people. The only trouble
has been that their efforts to organize
themselves — to get together and strive
together — have been entirely too much
neglected. Too little attention has been
paid to this matter, although much
progress was made along other lines of
work. This subject was one under dis-
cussion at the last year's meeting of
the Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, at
College Station, and an effort will be
made to make this j-ear's convention a
better one, also increasing the interest
among bee-keepers and increasing the
membership of the Association.

As on-e means of creating an interest,
not only among bee-keepers but among
visitors attending the conventions dur-
ing the meeting of the Texas Farmers'

Congress, it was decided to have an ex-
hibit of bee-keepers' products and sup-
plies in connection with the convention.
A premium list was provided for which
is given in this department. The prem-
iums are well worth trying for. It should
also be borne in mind that these prem-
iums, besides the blue and red ribbons
that will be awarded for first and sec-
ond premiums, should not be the only
consideration. It will be a great adver-
tisement for the goods of the exhibitor
as well. Hence we are desirous of hav-
ing as many exhibit as possible.

The visitors to the Farmers' Congress,
comprising 16 State associations, be-
sides other smaller societies, number
several thousand. Therefore, a bee-
keepers' exhibit would be a good ad-
vertisement.

The Committee on Exhibits would be
glad to hear from any intending ex-
hibitor at an early date, so that ar-
rangements can be made in due time.
The meeting takes place July 23, 24, and
25. During the convention there will be
an interesting program of subjects this
year, and a good attendance is hoped
for.

In most sections of the State the
honey season so far has been a favorable
one, and bee-keepers are riejoicing more
than they have for several years. If
you have not already made up your
mind to come to the meeting, and you
can, do so now.

Program of the Eishth Annual Meet-
ing of the Texas "ee-Keepers"
Association, to Be Held at
College Station, Tex.,
July 2;j. a4 and
35, 190-.

The Annual Address by the President.
Reading of the Minutes of the last Meeting.
Report of Secretary-Treasurer.
Business of the Association.
Discussions:

1. "Making hives at home; some facts and
figures," by O. P. Hyde, of Floresville.

2. "Why / prefer the shallow divisible hives
and supers throughout over deeper ones," by
Louis H. Scholl, of New Braunfels.

3. "Some short cuts in running a large num-
ber of out bee yards," by W. O. Victor, of
Hondo.

4. Are the Holyland and Cyprian bees an all-
purpose bee for the average bee-keeper?" by
W. H. Laws, of Beeville.

5. "Baby or larger nuclei — which are in
most extensive use, and why?" by Willie
Atchley, of Beeville.

6. "Bee-keepers' exhibits at fairs: and as an
advertising medium," by C. S. Phillips, of
Waco.

7. "The pure food laws and honey-prices
for Texas Bee-keepers," by Udo Toepperwein,
of San Antonio.

8. "How are the funds appropriated for foul
brood inspection used?" by A. F. Conradi, of
College Station.

The Question-Box is again to be one of the
main features of the program, in which all
bee-keepers present may take part, and ask
such questions as are of interest to them.

Louis H. ScHOLU, W. O. Victor,

Secretary-Treasurer. Committee on Program,

List op Premiums Donated for thb Bee-

ICeepErs' Exhibit at College Station,

.\T the July Meeting.

BEES — All in one-comb observatory hives:

1. Golden Italians — bees and queen:
a. One year's _ subscription to Glean-
ings, by Louis H. Scholl $i oo

6. One Root smoker, by Texas Seed
and Floral Co 85

2. Three-banded Italians — bees and

queen:
a. One year's _ subscription to Clean-
ings, by Louis H. Scholl i 00

b- One Uingham honcy-kiiife, by

Texas Seed and Floral Co 80

!.. Carniolaks — bees and queen;

<J. One year's subscripiion to Clcan-
ing.s, by Louis H. Scholl i 00

b. Ilive-tool, brush, imbeddir, and
wax-tube, by Texas Seed and Floral
Co 80

4. Caucasians — bees and queen;

a. Subscription to American Bee Jour-
nal, by Louis H. Scholl 1 00

b. Hive-tool, brush, and gloves, by
^Texas Seed and Floral* Co 80

5. Cyprians— bees and queen;

a. Subscription to American Bee Jour-
nal, by Louis H. Scholl 1 00

b. Drone-trap and entrance-guard, by
Texas Seed and Floral Co 80

6. HoLV-I.ANDS — bees and queen;

a. Subscription to American Bee Jour-
nal, b\' Louis H. Scholl i 00

b. A novice honey-knife, by 'fexas
Seed and Floral Co 80

7. Blacks — bees and queen;

a. Bee-veil and gloves, by Texas Seed

and Floral Co i 00

b. Manum's swarm-catcher, by Texas
Seed and Floral Co 80

8. Bumble-bees — bees and queen:

a. Bee-veil and gloves, by Texas Seed

and Floral Co 1 00

b. Four Porter house ■ escapes, by
Texas Seed and Floral Co 80

9. Best and largest display of bees of

various races in observatory hives;

a. One complete lo-frame comb-honey
hive, by W. H. White 2 50

b. One complete 8- frame comb-honey
hive, by Willie Atchley 2 00

10. Best and largest display of queens

of various races in mailing cages:

a. One Jumbo smoker, by Texas Seed

and Floral Co i 50

b. One "A B C of Bee-Culture," by
Texas Seed and Floral Co i 25

11. Best ease of white section-honey — 12

pounds or more:

a. One tested golden queen, by Willie
Atchley I CQ

b. One untested Carniolan queen, by

J. W. Pharr i 00

12. Best case of amber section-honey — 12

pounds or more:

a. One tested Holy-Land queen, by
Willie Atchley i 50

b. One untested Carniolan queen, by

J. W. Pharr , 00

13- Best and largest display of section
comb-honey:

a. Two 2-frame nuclei, bv J. W.
Pharr ' 400

b. One breeding queen, by A. Grant
Anderson 3 00

14. Best display of special design in

comb-honey:

a. One tested Albino queen, by Willie
-•Atchley , 50

b. One untested Carniolan queen, by

J. W. Pharr i 00

15. Best i2-lb. friction-top pails of white

bulk-comb honey;

a. One select golden queen, by J. W.
Taylor j 25

b. One untested Caucasian queen, bv

J. W. Taylor '. , 00

16. Best 6-lb. friction-top pails of white

bulk-comb honey:
ti. One select golden queen, by J. W.

Taylor , 25

b. One uuntested Caucasian queen,

by J. W. 1 ay lor i 00

■ 7- Best 3-lb. friction-top pails white

bulk-comb honey:

a. Select golden queen, by J. W.
Taylor j 25

b. One untested Caucasian queen, bv

J. W. Taylor !* , 00

18. Best Display of bulk-comb honey:

a. One Italian breeding queen, by

W. H. Laws 5 00

b. One Italian breeding queen, by

W. H. Laws 3 00

19. Best dozen jars of white extracted

honey:
17. Mushroom spawn grown by Udo

Toepperwein x ^o

b. One untested queen (Carniolan)

by J. W. Pha/r i 00

20. Best dozen jars light-amber extracted

honey ;

a. Comb-foundation, by Udo Toepper-
wein I 50

b. Mushroom spawn grown by Udo
Toepperwein i 00

21. Best display of extracted honey:

a. Five Italian queens, by F. L.
-\'<;n 5 00

592

American ^ee Journal

July, 1907.

b. One select tested Italian queen, by
W. H. Laws 2 50

22. Best display of extracted honey in

granulated form :

a. One breeding queen, by Udo Toep-
perwein 3 oo

b. Comb foundation, by Udo Toep-
perwein 2 oo

23. Best sample cake bright yellow bees-

wax, not less than 2 pounds :

a. Two Italian queens, by Grant An-
derson • 2 00

b. One select Italian queen, by Grant
Anderson 1 50

24. Best and largest display of beeswax:

a. Comb foundation, by Udo Toep-
perwein 5 00

b. One select tested Italian queen, by
Victor-Knolle Apiary Co 2 50

25. Best display in special designs in bees-

wax:

a. Select Italian queen, by Udo Toep-
perwein 2 00

b. Mushroom spawn, by Udo Toep-
perwein i 50

26. Best display of fruit preserved in

honey:

a. One Italian queen, by Udo Toej)-
perwein i 50

b. Mushroom spawn, by Udo Toep-

Vt^

perwein 1 00

27. Best collection of honey-plants, pressed

and mounted:

a. Comb foundation, by Udo Toepper-
wein 3 00

b. One Jumbo smoker, hive-tool,
brush, and gloves, by Texas Seed

and Floral Co 2 50

28. Best Honey-Vinegar :

a. One tested Cyprian queen, by
Willie Atchley 1 50

b. One "Atchley Improved" queen,

by Willie Atchley i 50

29. Best instructive display in apiarian

products and of various uses made
of honey and beeswax:

a. One 8-frame colony of Caucasian
bees, by Willie Atchley 5 00

b. Three untested queens, by Victor-
Knolle Apiary Co 3 00

30. Best and largest display of bee-keep-

ers' supplies:
(7. One Italian breeding queen, by

\'ictor-Knolle Apiary Co s 00

b. One Italian breeding queen, by

\'ictor-Knolle Apiary Co 3 00

Louis H. Scholl.
Cliainuan Committe on Exhibits.
New Braunfels, Texas.

DocforMiileri J

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

DR. C. C. MILLER, Marengo, 111.

Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Bees Deserting a Nucleus Hive

.\s I am a young bee-keeper and have
run "up against it," I'll come to }'OU for
help. I have the Italians and the
"blacks," as I call them. I bought
an observation hive for one frame and
I took out one frame of comb with
brood and enough bees to cover the
brood well, but the next day the bees
came out of the observation hive and
into the old hive, and there was not a
single bee left. What was the trouble?

MiNNESOT.A.

Answer. — There is nothing unusual
in the case. Take a frame of brood
with plentj' of bees to cover it, and with-
out any precautions put it in a new
hive, and the proper thing on the part
of the bees is to go back to their old
home. If you had fastened the bees in
for about three days they would have
staid. If you had taken bees that had
been queenless for three days or more,
you would have had less trouble. If you
had taken the queen with them, return-
ing her after 2 or 3 days, more of the
bees would have staid. But you prob-
ably took them from a hive with a good
queen, and they very properly resented
such treatment. Please read "How to
Start a Nucleus," page 409.

cinder, on a strong colony of Italian
bees, which had also a dozen or more
queen-cells be-low the excluder.

Ohio.
.\nswer. — Cases have been reported
in which such carrying has occurred,
although many are skeptical. Lately a
case was reported in a foreign bee-pa-
per by one of the prominent bee-keep-
ers in- which it seemed hardly possible
that there could be any mistake. To a
colony that had been queenless for more
than a week, larvae were given in Doo-
little cell-cups. These cups were emptied
out and 2 cells on the edge of the comb
had larvae in them.

Keepinz ftueens Over Winter- Re-
placing Queens that Die In
the Mails

Do Bees Carry Eggs or Larvae?

Two partly-filled queen-cells were
found on combs (that had neither eggs
nor larvae) placed above a queen-ex-

1. How can I winter queens reared
this summer?

2. What is the most complete book on
queen-rearing? Is the "A B C of Bee
Culture" a complete book on rearing?
I have read it, but I think it does not
give me the information I want.

3. I have a number of queens that I
reared, and will have no use for all of
them for some time. In what way can
they be kept alive until I should want
them. I keep them now in small cages
in a colony of bees, but this colony has
a queen, and once in a while I find
dead one of these queens that are in the
cages.

4. I ordered a queen some time ago.

and the advertiser had queens for sale
at this and that price. I sent him my
order, and when I received her she was
almost dead, and only two of the at-
tendants were alive. The queen died an
hour after I received her, and I did not
get time to introduce her. I wrote about
it. also stating that it looked as if they
had been on the road a very long time,
and it was only about 400 or 500 miles.
The queen was very dark. He wrote
me if I would return to him the dead
queen he would replace her. I did not
think to take care of the dead queen, but
threw her away. He said it looked to
him as if some one must have exchanged
queen on the road, as the queen he sent
me was yellow. I sent him my money,
but have no queen for it. Do all queen-
breeders require the return of queens
that happen to die? Nebraska.

Answers. — i. The usual way is to
winter them in weak colonies or nuclei
in- the cellar. Some have tried winter-
ing in cages, but not generally with suc-
cess.

2. Doolittle's "Scientific Queen-Rear-
ing" is a book entirely devoted to that
subject, and Alley's "New Method of
Queen-Rearing" mostly so.

3. You can probably do no better than
you are doing, unless it be to keep them
in nuclei. You can economize in the
number of bees in each nucleus by hav-
ing several compartments in the same
hive separated by bee-tight partitions,
having a nucleus in each compartment.

4. I think it is common to ask the re-
turn of the dead queen.

Rearing Queens and Superseding

I have been trying y«ur method of
rearing queens by putting a frame with
small starters in my best colony. Nine
days later, on taking it out, I find the
bees have filled the frame with all drone-
comb. I have tried this a number of
times. It is always the same — drone-
comb full of honey.

Seeing so much about letting bees do
their own superseding, I will tell you
my experience of last fall. Fifteen colo-
nies out of 75 had queens in their third
year. I knew they ought to be replaced,
but on looking them over in August I
found the hives full of brood, the queens
doing good work, so I let them alone.
The result was that 7 died during the
winter, and 6 superseded during April.
The colonies are now worthless, so far
as storing honey from clover. I find
this so every year. Queens die during
the winter or in early spring. I keep all
queens clipped, so I can tell their age.
After a good How from clover a great
many colonies will supersede the queens
themselves, but there are too many that
do not. It pays to look after the
queens.

This has been the worst spring on
bees ever known. The blacks are all
starved out. The weather the past ten
days has been fine and the bees are roll-
ing in honey (June 24) where strong
enough. 'The Italians are in good con-
dition. New Jersey.

Answer. — When bees are "rolling in
honey." as you say yours have been,
especially if they have little or n-o drone-

July, 1907.

593

Am^erican Voe Journal

cniiil) ill ilu' bruod-chanibci", ;i strong
colony will often fill with honey empty
combs put in the center of the brood-
chamber, and fill with drone-comb an
empty frame given them. If you will
take from the hive 2 or 3 frames of
brood with queen and adhering bees,
and put the .same in a hive on a new
stand as a nucleus, and then give the
empty frame next to the brood-nest,
yon will probably not have a cell of
drone-comb built.

Under your conditions it would seem a
good thing for you to take a hand in
the superseding. I'd give something to
know why your bees act differently from
mine.

Wash Boardy Honey-
Crates

Shlppitig-

1. Does vvash-boardy honey cut down
the grade any, or, in other words, would
honey that would otherwise grade fancy,
grade any lower on account of being
wash-boardy ?

2. What material or size of lumber
does it take to make the shipping-crate
shown in the enclosed cut?

3. Does there want to be any end play
around cases?

4. If this is not the best crate, give
size of material of the one you use.

Missouri.
.•\n.s\vers. — I. I'm not sure that a wash-
boardy appearance, unless very pro-
nounced, would throw honey into a low-
er grade, but it would have some tend-
ency in that direction.

2. A shipping-crate in which a num-
ber of cases are packed for shipment
is generally made of rather tough ma-
terial, which is only about 'j inch or so
thick.

3. There should be no play in the
crate whatever. Any vacancy must be
filled with some packing material.

4. A good size for a crate is one that
will hold 6 or 8 24-pound cases, or twice
as many 12-pound cases.

Splints in Foundation— Bad Weather
Conditions

1. How shall I use splints in founda-
tion? I believe I have read your de-
scription, but forget. Wiring frames is
slow.

2. I had bad luck the past winter. I
lost nearly half of my bees, and with
weather conditions as they are, the out-
look is not very encouraging. Water
froze here last night (June 8). There
used to be some good crops of honey
gathered in this region, but not so good
of late years. The basswood is nearly
gone. Wisconsin.

Answers. — i. In the book'Torty Years
-Among the Bees," page 88, you will find
the following:

'^Little sticks or splints about 1-16 of
an inch square, and about J4 i'lch short-
er than the inside depth of the frame,
are thrown into a square, shallow tin
pan that contains hot beeswax. They
will froth up because of the moisture
frying out of them. When the froth-
ing ceases, and the splints are saturated
with wax, then they are ready for use.
The frame of foundation is laid on the

board as before; with a pair ol pl\ers
a splint is lifted out of tlie wax (kept
just hot enough over a gasoline stove),
and placed upon the foundation so that
the splint shall be perpendicular when
the frame is hung in the hive. As fast
as a splint is laid in place, an assistant
imniedi.itely |)resses it down into the
foundalinn with the wetted edge of a
small board. About I'/j inches from
each cnd-b.ir is placed a splint, and be-
tween tliese two splints three others at
equal distances. * * * \ little ex-
perience will enable one to judge, when
putting in the splints, how hot to keep
the wax. If too hot there will be too
light a coating of wax. * * * If a
frame be given at a time when little
storing is going on, the bees will de-
liberately dig away the foundation at
the bottom; and even if it has been
built down but the cells not very fully
drawn out. they will do more or less at
gnawing a passage. To make a success,
the frames should be given at a time
when work shall go on uninterruptedly
until full-depth cells reach the bottom-
bar."

2. Don't be in too much of a hurry
about deciding that the year will be
poor. Of course I don't know what the
season will be; but I have known bees
to be starving in June, followed by a
good crop. Then again I've known a
number of years in succession with poor
crops or none, and it looked as if the
days of good crops were over, and then
came better crops than ever. Of course,
the basswoods that have been felled are
probably gone forever, but other pas-
turage may improve.

Brushing Bees at Night

Can bees be brushed successfully from
one hive to another in the night?

Connecticut.

.■\ns\ver. — Yes, only it's likely to be
unpleasant, because at night bees do
more crawling than flying, and in craw-
ling over one's person they are likely
to do some stinging.

Three Swarms in Two Weelts

Will bees swarm 3 times in 2 weeks?
First swarm came out May 25 ; 9 days
later the second ; the third 4 days later.

Illinois.

Answer. — Yes, they may swarm more
than 3 times in 2 weeks. The case you
mention is rather slower than the aver-
age, which is about 8 days after the
prime swarm for the first afterswarm,
and 3 days later for the next.

Bee-Keeplng-Average Yield Per
Colony-Sttngless Bees

1. Having just read an article on get-
ting away from the strenuous life, in
the Saturday Evening Post, in which
sotne of your experience is given. I take
liberty to ask: Is the article reliable,
not overdrawn?

2. Is 100 pounds per colony an aver-
age or toward the maximum yearly
yield?

3- I > it reasonable to suppose that a
capable man can make a living of say
$i,2(jo per year at bee-culture?

4. VVhat of the newly-written-of sting-
less bees? Michigan.

Answers. — i. It is a temporately writ-
ten article.

2. Hardly one or the other. One-third
of that* amount is nearer the average
yield of comb honey, and half of it for
extracted, while a maximum annual
average might go to 150 or more. It
must not be forgotten that the yeild
.sometimes is less than nothing; that is,
no surplus is taken and the bees have
to be fed to keep them alive.

3. Not many make so much. Some
make more. The way to find out what
you can do is to feel your way, begin-
ning with from 2 to 6 colonies. It would
be folly to enter bee-keeping on a large
scale without first finding out what you
can do on a small scale.

4. They are valuable as a curiosity.
I don't believe any stingless bees will
be found of any practical value as
honey-gatherers.

Black Bees from an
Queen

Italian'

1. We purchased an Italian queen from
a breeder in Pennsylvania, and she was
a fine, large queen, yellow almost from
tip to tip. She was introduced to a black
colony, and when her brood appeared it
was as black as "coly." I have been in
the bee-business for almost 25 vears,
and never witnessed this before. Have
you a ghost of an idea as to the cause?

2. Give me your best idea on blacks
rearing Italian queens.

3- I have "A B C of Bee-Culture,"
||How to Keep Bees," "Langstroth," and
"Forty Years Among the Bees," and I
thought that my 25 years' experience
was somethmg, but I am attending some
black bees that are queenless. They will
"feed" black eggs, but will not '''feed"
Italian eggs. You see I have just wak-
ened up.

Answers.— I. If there is no mistake
about pure black bees being the progeny
of a very yellow queen, then I give it
up; never heard of such a thing before.

2. It is generally considered that the
kind of nurse-bees has no bearing on the
purity of the queen. I don't know enough
to know whether that's entirely reliable
or not.

3. Hard to believe that bees will dis-
crimmate against any egg on account
of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude. If you can get them to ac-
cept eggs or young larvse of any kind,
you ought to be able to fool them by
throwing a young larva out of a queen-
cell and transplanting in its place a
young larva of the desired kind.

What Ails the Bees?

I. I don't know what to do with my
bee-s, or whether to do anything with
them. There is something' the matter
with them. The biDod either chills,
starves, or else there is some brood-
disease among them. I can't tell which.
Last summer there was a great deal of

Julv, 1907.

American Hee Journal j

brood died. The larvae when about large
enough to seal over would die and set-
tle down in the cells in a white, watery
mass. Later on they would turn to a
dark-brown color and dry in a scale
over the lower sides of the cells. There
is a slight odor of decayed matter, but
the dead larvx do not rope when you
stick a toothpick into it. This spring,
about the last of April, I examined my
bees and found them in bad shape, they
having the same trouble they had last
summer, only a great deal worse. So in
fruit-bloom I transferred them into clean
new hives on starters, melted down the
combs and put the hives where the bees
could not get into them. Then I com-
menced to feed the bees. They built up
slowly, but seemed to be healthy. As
soon as blackberries and raspberries
were in bloom I thought the bees would
take care of themselves, and took away
the feed. To-day, when I examined
them, I was surprised to find them des-
titute of honey, and the brood dying as
of old, so now I don't know what to do.
All I did was to put back the feed. I
have sent two samples to Mr. France
and he does not call it foul brood, al-
though he said it resembled European
foul brood, but did not think it was.
He advised me to feed and keep the bees
warm. I have only three colonies left.
What would you advise me to do? As
all three -of them are affected alike,
every brood-frame is alike, or nearly so.

2. Would not bees in cool weather
protect some of their brood so that one
or two frames would hatch all right,
or would they try to protect it 'all and
make it scattered ; that is, the bees that
hatch, the rest dying?

3. What would be the express on a 2-
irame nucleu shipped a distance of about
J 50 miles over two railroads?

Illinois.
Answers. — i. I am not an expert in
bee-diseases, and Mr. France knows
ever so much more about such things
than I. You were very wise to apply
to him. It is just possible that things
would have been different if you had
"kept on feeding. It may be that when
berries came in bloom the bees did not
get enough, especially as the weather
was unfavorable. You can do no bet-
ter than to follow the advice of Mr.
France.

2. When bees in a healthy condition
are hard pinched with the cold, only the
outer part of the brood-nest is likely to
suffer ; but in a diseased condition the
cold may so devitalize them the effect
•may be seen through the entire brood-
nest.

3. I don't think there is a uniform
Tate. Your station or express agent can
tell you what it is on your line.

Bees' Use of Water-Swarming

This has been a pretty hard spring on
the bees, and also on the beginner, as
about 99 percent of the fruit has been
killed, with the exception of some small
fruit.

I. What do the bees do with the water
they get in mud-holes?

.2 Can you tell 2 or 3 days before a
colonv will swarm? If so, how?

3. What is the best way to get a
swarm into a hive?

4. How- far would a swarm go from
the hive where there are plenty of trees
and bushes around the hive?

Kansas.
Answers. — i. The same as they do with
water from any other source; "they use
it for drink and to thin their honey.

2. If a colony has been working all
right and then seems to stop work sud-
denly and hang out idly, while other
colonies are busy, you may make a pret-
ty good guess that it will swarm w-ithin
a day or so. If you find queen-cells in
the hive, some of them built out nearly
full length, you may expect a swarm
within 2 or 3 days. After a prime or
first swarm has issued, you may expect
a second swarm in something like 8
days, provided a second swarm issues
at all.

3. That depends upon where the
swarm is. If it's on a small limb of a
tree, a very nice way is to cut off the
limb, carry it quietly to the hive, and
lay it at the entrance of the hive, allow-
ing the bees to crawl in. Often it will
be more convenient to set the hive on
the ground, where the bees will fall at
the entrance when shaken off the tree.

4. It may settle directly over the hive
from which it issued, or on a tree close
by, but sometimes on a tree or bush 10
rods away.

No ttullt Over Bees

If you don't use a quilt won't the
bees go up and build comb against the
roof of the hive?

West Virginia.

Answer. — Yes, if there were room
enough, but when neither enameled cloth
nor quilt is used over the frames or
sections — just a flat cover — there is only
;'4 inch of space between the frames
or sections and the hive-cover, and bees
are not likely to build in so small a
space.

Settling Swarms-Cow-Peas-
ence in Bee Eggs

Differ-

1. When bees swarm, is it necessary,
or does it do any good, to rattle bells,
pans, or the like, to get them to settle?
And when settled, about how long will
they stay there when not hived? Do
bee-men use the above method to settle
bees?

2. Do bees gather honey from cow-
peas? We had about 3 acres of cow-
peas here last year, and it appeared that
all our bees worked on them for 3 or 4
weeks, as it seemed that there were
thousands and thousands, and the queer
thing to me was that they did not work
on the bloom, but on the joint just be-
low the bloom or young pea. Was it
wax or honey?

3. In regard to bee-eggs, is there an>
difference or distinction between the
eggs from which a queen and worker
are hatched or reared? If I am cor-
rect, bee-men use any egg they may
come to when transferring eggs to
queen-cells, and the difference result.^
from the size of cell and the material
on which the young bees are fed.

Answers. — i. It would be hard to find
any bee-keeper nowadays who believes
it does any good to make any kind of
noise with the view of getting a swarm
to settle. Part of the performance is
to settle anyhow, noise or no noise.
The length of time bees hang after
clustering before going off varies
greatly. It may be more than a day,
and it may be less than an hour. The
best thing is to get them into a hive
as soon as possible.

2. Cow-peas are counted honey-plants.
There are different plants which, at
least at times, secrete nectar elsewhere
than in the blossoms. When you see
bees working as busily as you say they
were on your cow-peas, you may be
sure they are getting either nectar or
pollen. If you see no pollen on their
legs you may be sure they are getting
nectar. They don't gather wax, they
secrete it; but they gather bee-glue.

3. An egg laid by a good queen in a
queen-cell is precisely the same as one
she lays in a worker-cell. A drone-egg
is a different thing. A drone-egg is un-
fertilized and can produce nothing but a
drone, even if fed in a queen-cell ; other
eggs are fertilized.

Nearness of Apiary to Hlstiway-
Bee-Houses or Hive-Covers

1. How close does the law allow an
apiary to stand to the public highway?
Mine are (the front row) 50 feet from
the road, and a man having a horse
stung says it will cost me something if
I don't move them.

2. Can he make me move them? I
can find no article concerning it in
Cook's "Manual."

3. Which is the cheaper, to build bee-
houses or hive-covers? New York.

Answers. — i. I doubt there being any
law on the subject in your State. If
they sting people going along the road,
you will do well either to move them
farther away or to have a fence high
enough so the bees will fly over the
heads of passers-by.

2. There is probably no law by which
he can compel you to move them, but
you might be obliged to pay for any
damage resulting from their stinging.

3. That depends upon the kind of
houses and of covers. In general it
will probably cost less for covers. Even
if the covers cost more, probably most
bee-keepers in this country would pre-
fer them.

Observation Hives - Size of Cells

1. I am thinking of making an ob-
servation hive. Will the bees cover the
inside of the glass with propolis so that
I can't see through?

2. When kept in the house do they
have wood casing over them?

3. How about that statement on page
449, of bees drawing out cells as the
bottoms are filled with cocoons? " It
looks as if they would have to be spaced
farther apart. Of course, you didn't
make the statement yourself. Texas.

Answers. — i. Not to a very great ex-
tent.
2. They might be kept with nothing

July, llti)7.

595

American Bee Journal jyg^^ i:^

over the glass, so as to be exposed to
the light at all times, but generally they
are kept covered except when actually
under observation. 'I'hey are not so con-
tented under lull light, and much more
likely to cover propolis on the glass.

3. I heartily endorse every word that
is said in the paragraph to which you
refer. 1 have plenty of combs so old
that the septum has been gradually in-
creased in thickness until the septum
in some cases is % thick. Of course
you know that new worker-comb is J-i-
inch thick, and when you find a septum
■/8-inch thick you will find the comb
1-inch thick. That makes the cells ex-
actly the same depth in the old as in
the new, doesn't it? You are quite
right that there is a practical difference
in the spacing. When new combs are
spaced i-'s from center to center, the
alley-way between 2 combs is J^-inch.
When the septum increases so the comb
is I inch thick, that leaves the alley-
way only 5^. Whether it would not be
better to increase the spacing when
the combs become so increased in thick-
ness is a pertinent question.

Straight Wired Combs from Starters
—Queen Questions

1. Will bees build straight combs in
wired frames with starters only on top-,
bars and end-bars?

2. Does the young queen destroy the
surplus queen-cells, or do the bees do it?

3. I found a queen too feeble to crawl
out after the cap of the cell was oflf.
I split the side of the cell, lifted her
out, and placed her on a comb. A week
later she was rhissing. What caused
her weakness? Texas.

Answers. — i. Not as straight as when
full sheets of foundation are used. Left
to their own devices bees in a state of
nature generally build their combs
somewhat corrugated. This for greater
strength. With only starters and wiring
they will, of course, start straight, but
as they proceed downward the corruga-
tions will appear. If the hive is plumb
to follow the w-ire, but if the wire is
not just where the bees want the sep-
and the wires straight, the comb is likely
turn, then the wire can go its own way
for all they care, and they'll put the
septum where they want it. The great-
est objection, however, to using only-
starters is the amount of drone-comb
that will be built.

2. If the young queens in the cells
are well advanced, the young queen be-
gins the work and the workers finish it.
If the cells are not much advanced, the
workers attend to them.

3. I don't know. Perhaps some con-
stitutional weakness.

Shiny Bees— Clipping Queens, Etc.

I. Why are there bees among the
Italians that are very dark, almost glossy
black sometimes, with no yellow bands
and seemingly small, but smart and ac-
tive at the same time? They are hunt-
ed up and driven out by the regular
workers. Is it a disease or only a
freak of nature?

2. Why do the bees of a nucleus,
when first started Dy themselves, take
s|)ells of running on the outside of the
liive and fussing at the cracks at the
top of the hive, trying to get in, piling
up in bunches and acting like crazy?

3. Is a queen reared from worker-
brood in the comb by the workers that
are queenless, as good and fertile as a
queen reared in the regular way?

4. Can a queen-cell by careful hand-
ling, be cut from a comb and put into
another comb for a colony, to any cer-
tainty, without injuring it in any way
by pressure or exposure, or should it
always be introduced on the comb on
which it is built?

5. In addition to the foregoing ques-
tions, I would like to express myself
as to the clipping of queens' wings,
which in my estimation is one of the
most foolish and most uncalled-for
things that a bee-keeper can do. I re-
ceived 2 queens last season which were
clipped. The one came off with a
swarm May 29, last, and fell some 10
feet from the hive, and I had quite a
hunt to find her. She was put into a
hive with the new swarm, The swarm
came out the next day, and she was
lost. They returned to the old hive and
came out again on the 4th day, and went
back, coming out again on the 9th day.
If the queen had not been clipped, the
first swarm would have been all right,
as well as a second one. I can't see
the advantage of having to look after
the queen every time she comes oflf with
a swarm. It is certainly a trouble and
inconvenience, as well as inhuman and
unnatural. Pennsylvania.

Answers. — i. They look black and
shining because they have lost their
plumage, and are probably worried by
the other bees because diseased. A few
such bees in a colony need cause no
alarm : when there are many of them
it may be a case of paralysis.

2. When bees are queenless it is a
common thing for them to run about
over the hive as if looking for their
queen. I never saw bees of a nucleus
fussing at the top of the hive trying to
get in cracks, piling in bunches and act-
ing like crazy, but I have seen robber-
bees acting exactly that way. The like-
lihood is that the bees you saw did not
belong to the nucleus but were robbers.

3. Not always ; depends upon circum-
stances. If at a time when honey is
yielding well, the colony strong, and the
bees have their choice of eggs and very
young brood, you can get as good queens
as any. If the queen is reared when
honey is not yielding, when no very
young brood is present, or in a weak
colony, you may count her of little
value.

4. Thousands of queen - cells have
been cut from the comb and fastened
in or on another comb with just as
good results as if left on their own
comb. Indeed, in many cases, even when
the cell is taken on its own comb, it is
better to cut the cell and fasten it on
the comb, for a large portion of cells
are on the edges of combs where there
is danger of their being chilled, and
they should be centrally located where
sure to keep warm.

5. A very large number of our most ■

experiiiiced bee-keepers prefer to have
queens clipped. If a queen is clipped,
there is some danger she may be lost
when issuing with a swarm, but that is
better than to lose both queens and
swarm.

Wintering in Danzenbal<er Hives
Bees Superior to Blaciis

1. How do Grant Staidey and Vernon
Burt winter bees in Danzenbakcr hives?
Do they double up, or winter in single
brood-bodies?

2. Can f get a strain of golden or 5-
bandcd Italians that will be superior to
the blacks for honev-gathering? Also
gentler?

I am a beginner and have 8 colonies
in Danzenbakcr hives. Tar-Heel.

Answkrs. — I. I don't know. Like
enough in 2 bodies w^hen a colony is
strong enough.

2. The best of the goldens are bet-
ter and gentler than the average blacks,
for this countrv.

Transferred Bees -Ripening Honey-
Plan of Wintering Bees

1. The past spring I transferred 2
colonies of bees. After the 21 days
were up I united the young bees in
the old hives, putting them on full sheets
of foundation, I put in a frame of
brood. I did not know whether there
was a queen or not. In 2 or 3 days I
looked into the hive and thev had start-
ed 2 queen-cells on the sheet of founda-
tion. In a couple of weeks I looked
through the colony and found a queen
the 2 queen-cells were the same, just
started. What is the meaning of that?

2. One person advises ripening honey
artificially; another savs, let the bees
ripen it, for if you do the latter it will
be travel-stained. After the cells are
all filled with honey and capped, why not
put the super on top of the others "with
a wire-screen between it and the other
super and the hive? The bees can not
then get on the honey, and the heat will
be there just the same.

3- I am planning on wintering my bees
outdoors. My stands are like that pic-
ture in the "A B C of Bee-Culture"
on page 26, with 2 hives on a stand 'l
shall move both hives together, then I
will make a box some 5 or 6 inches
larger on all sides than the hive This
space will be for the chaff. The box
will have a movable bottom and top
I will have a hole at the bottom so that
the bees will fly out of the hive. I
shall put on a honey-board for a cover
to the hive, then put on an emptv super,
filling this with straw, then put" on the
outer case, filling the space with straw
and then putting the cover on. Do you
know of any better way, or improvem'ent
on this way? The reason I will use
the honey-board is because I can feed
the bees in the spring without opening
the hive. I will use the pepper-box
feeder. I use the Danzenbaker hive.

Iowa.

Answer,— I. If I understand correctly,
there were only cups started, no eggs
nor larva- in them. I don't know what

596

July, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

that means, but it is the common thing
to find in colonies such beginnings of
cells, and so long as they remain empty
no significance is attached to them.

2. You do not say. whether you refer
to comb or extracted honey. When
there is any discussion about having rip-
ened in or out of the hive, extracted
honey is the kind that is meant, and
there' is no harm in having extracting-
combs darkened by the bees. As to
comb honey, it is not desirable to re-
move it from the hive until it is sealed,
and when it is sealed it is counted ripe.
Yet there are cases in which it might
be better to leave sections on the hive
at least a while after they are sealed. I
never tried ripening honey over a wire-
screen, but I should not expect it to
work the same as having it in the direct
charge of the bees. To be sure, the heat
would go up, and so would the moisture,
and the bees would have no chance to
ventilate to drive out the moisture. Be-
sides, you would be likely to find such
honey 'troubled with wax-worms. Very
likely you will want to know how the
moth's' eggs can get there if all is so
close that no moth can -get in from the
outside. I don't know how they do it.
but I know they get there.

3. Your plan ought to work all right.

The Armstrong T-Super

Dr. Miller.— 1 express you today one
of Elvin .Armstrong's improved T-su-
pers. He sent me 2 with a request that
I send you one of them. He claims it is
a great improvement over his original
one. You know I liked that, and I
hardlv know whether the improvement
is verv great or not. All the difference
is in 'the side-tins and the springs in
one end. In the original the side-
pieces furnished the supports for the
tins. In place of the sprmgs a board
was permanent like the other end. In
the original there was half a bee-space
above and below, making a whole bee-
space when tiered. 1 hen. he has a ma-
chine to cut out tin the size of the sec-
tion to put on each one. I hardly know
whether I would care to bother with
them or not. You see there is no chance
for their tumbling to pieces as is
claimed of yours. I think either kind
is away ahead of the section-holders. I
should like your opinion of them.

J. C. Armstrong.

Marshall Co., Iowa.

Dr. Miller.— I send by express to-
day to J. C. Armstrong two of my late
improved T-supers, and I told him when
they arrived to express one of them to
you for your inspection. I want you to
tell me just what you think of it,
through the columns of the American
Bee Journal. 1 believe I have some-
thing that can not be beat by any one.
I think that man from Indiana who
found so much fault with the T-super's
allowing the sections to drop out so
easily, if he could see one of these
would change his tune, for you can just
throw mv super any old way, or even
jump on it with your feet, and it is still
there just the same. You will find 2
super-springs on the inside at one end.
I think 2 or 3 pieces of section, or a

piece of wood, will answer just as well
to keep the sections up square and in
place, and will be easier removed, and
answer just as well. In my super you
can remove any section, one at a time,
or you can remove the whole 28 at once,
and that with ease.

You will find a metal cap on one of
the sections to keep the tops clean. I
am getting a machine made to cut out
the bee-ways to match the sections. I
expect to use caps on all my sections.
I believe they will pay for themselves
in one year in keeping the tops of the
sections white and clean, and then they
will last a lifetime. 'Let me know what
you think of the project.

We have had a very backward and
cold spring. Bees did not get any good
out of the fruit-bloom as it froze every
night while in bloom. I have been
feeding for some time, and W'ill have to
about 2 week longer, until the alfalfa
gets in bloom. I have had 8 swarms. I
put them in hives with full empty
combs and am feeding them every day.
Feeding m\' bees makes them strong
and active in spite of the cold weather.
E. S. Armstrong.

Colorado, May 30.

.^n objection to the T-super is that
care must 'be taken in handling, so that

the super be kept right side up. for if it
be turned upside down, or if placed on
an uneven surface so that some object
may push up against the sections, they
may be displaced. To be sure, there is
no necessity for such wrong handling,
but accidents may occur. Mr. .Arm-
strong has gotten up a T-super in which
the sections are securely fastened, so that
they can not fall out when the super
is upside down any more than they can
when it is right side up. Of course, it
is more complicated than the regular
T-super. Instead of 3 T-tins it has 10 —
5 above and 5 below ; and instead of the
single follower on one side there are
4, one on each side and one on each
end, although on one of the sides it can
hardly be called a follower, as it is nailed
on. To allow the upper T-tins to be
fastened in place, one of the sides of
the super is in 2 parts, the upper part
being removable. Besides the usual
wedges or springs crowding up the fol-
lower at the side, one of the end fol-
lowers is crowded up in like manner.

While some may not think it worth
while to be at the extra time and ex-
pense for so slight an advantage, others
may think differently. C. C. Miller.

[We would suggest to Mr. .Armstrong
that he advertise his T-super. — Editor.]

RcflcctioHif

California Bce-Kccper

W. .v. rKV.\L. Aklcn Sl^tiun. Oakland, Calil.

Painting Hives

Some bee-keepers, I find, claim that it
does not pay to paint a bee-hive. Paint
is cheap, and it does not cost anything
to put it on, as one can do it when he
has nothing else to claim his attention.
For this climate. I find lead and ochre,
and lead and any of the metallic paints,
the most durable. Two coats applied
when the hive is new will easily last
15 years, but it is well to repaint them
in 5 or 8 years. Where an apiary is
near the ocean so that it receives the
sea-breezes, the paint will be destroyed
sooner than if it were inland. This is
said to be due to the air being charged
with salt.

roots are near the surface. Honey-se-
creting plants will be benefited.

Then, it is pretty sure that the weath-
er will not be so cool in the nights and
mornings after these rains have cleared
the atmosphere of the rain-making mois-
ture. This will be of untold benefit.
While the apiarist will be benefited, the
farmer who has his hay cut, and, per-
haps, his grain in the shock or stack, will
have much of it ruined. Then, the
cherry crop on the trees will be badly-
damaged. At our place the last load
of cherries were sent to the cannery
a couple of days before the down-pour
came. (You see we had a message from
the clerk of the weather that rain might
be expected within a few days I )

Late Rains

The Weather In California

.After two months of the dryest kind
of weather, we are- having a spell of
wet weather — a weather in which the
rain falls in the night or in the early
forenoon. The showers for the past
3 days — they began June nth — have
been sufficient to wet the earth down as
far as where the moisture still re-
mained. This will be a great blessing
to truck-growers and those having small
fruits, and all plants and fruits whose

Owing to the bigness of California,
the State has a variety of climates.
Seven hundred miles and more of coast-
line, with a reach inland of 200 miles,
which cuts through snow-capped moun-
tains in places and deserts in others,
can not help but be responsible for vary-
inging chmatic conditions. Xo matter
how bad a drouth may be in a large
portion of the State, there will be sec-

July, 1907.

American IBee Journal

597

tioiis tlie same year wIutc abuiulaiil
crops may h; had. To mciitioii all these
things in detail will lake up more space
than is at my disposal in this depart-
ment. This year abundant rains fell
tliroughont the length and breadth of
California, yet there will be a shortage
of crops in some portions. Some kinds
of fruits are a failure tliis season; so is
the honey crop in other portions. The
flowers were never in greater profusion,
yet the nectar was "wasted on the des-
ert air," as it were. Cold were the
nights, and too oft the days were damp
and dreary. The consequence was that
the bees remained in the hives, or when
they ventured out in such weather, they
often perished froin the cold. This was
more the case in the lower coast coun-
ties than it was in the mid-ocean coun-
ties along the coast.

Inland the weather was more propi-
tious. Here, near the Bay of San Fran-
cisco, the weather was not what we
hoped for. Whole weeks at a time would
be cool of nights and rather foggy up
to 10 o'clock in the forenoon. Strange
to say, during this cool spell, which has
extended over 8 or lo weeks, nearly ev-
ery Sunday was a beautiful day — days
well named. These Sundays were
swarming-days as well as days for
abundant honey-gatherings. The pos-
sessor of an apiary wished that every
day was Sunday, not that he would be
any more devout, but that his honey
crop would be larger and his bank ac-
count be more swelled thereby.

From up the rivers I learn that there
is little complaint. New honey has ar-
rived in the San Francisco market in
limited amounts and has sold for good
prices — in some instances for 20 cents
per pound. And the quality of the honey
has been excellent. I have not tested
such lucious honey since I was a boy.
In those days our bees seemed to obtain
nectar that reininded me of having been
gathered from the flowers of sweet alys-
s um. so luscious w'as the flavor and so
richly perfumed the odor. Early in
April, this year, some of this choice
honey found its way into the hives; the
partaking of it carried me back to my
boyhood days when we had American
hives with honey-boxes above. But I
must write the season a failure as far
as I am concerned. Instead of three
extractings per hive, I won't be able to
make a single one from each of all the
colonies — unless the unforseen happens.

Cheap Hives

What is there about a bee-hive that it
should cost from $2.25 to $2.75? I have
seen a single hive of rather ordinary
make listed at the latter price. By the
quantity-, they come at a somewhat re-
duced price ; but, nevertheless, they come
high. I can go to a mill and get the
top, bottom and sides for say 50 cents ;
division-board, 5 cents ; a complete su-
per, including holders, sections and
foundation starters, shoidd not cost 75
cents. The rest of the hive I would
have of Eastern make, costing say, 25
cents, for the brood- frames ; 2 cents for
metal rabbets, making, the total cost of a
hive made of good, sound lumber, (whole
pieces being used for cover, bottoms,

etc.), $I.7.S; and, 1 believe, one can get
such a hive .is is needed in a commer-
cial apiary for less than $i..SO. It is not
necessary to have the lumber dressed on
both sides; in fact, the Imnber st.ands
wear ;md tear better when it is rough
on the outside. I would have a hive
always smooth inside. The rough out-
side should l)c given a coat of metallic
or lead and ochre paint.

The Slaughter of the Drones

Tree Clover or White Broom

There .ne a number of varieties of
this plant. It may be called a "tree-
clover," hence the Greek name — Citisus.
Bailey's Horticultural Rncycloprcdia says
there are some 45 species in Southern

The drone-killing days are here —
I Ik- s.iddest of the year.

There, now, that will do; no more
tcar-provoking gush, especially over
such lazy gentry as the toiling workcr-
becs are now banishing pell-mell from
their homes. "The drones must go, for
the bees say so," might be a good battle-
cry in beedom. And it would be put in
practice just as sure as fate. It reminds
me of the slogan of the Kcarneyites of
San Fr.incisco in 1877 — "The Chinese
must go, for Kearney says so."

There is a time in the aflfairs of bees,
which when — there again the poetic fan-
cy o'ertakes me. I'ut I can not help

WHITE BROOM.
Citisus proUferutcs albus, of Canary lahs.

and Middle Europe, Canary Islands,
Northern Africa, and Western Asia.
Like most of the pea-shaped flowers,
the}' are rich in honey. I have C. pro-
lifcnis albas, or white broom, growing
on our place. It thrives wonderfully
well in California. It was introduced,
I believe, by the University of Califor-
nia. It blooms in February, March and
April, and is a favorite with the bees.
It blooms in a year or two from seed,
grows rapidly, but does not attain to
much of a height, not over 20 feet, I
believe. Owing to its being an ever-
green and valuable as a fodder-plant for
cattle, it is on« of the best plants for
l)ee-pasturage in California. I think it
will do well in the Southern States as
well as California. Seed may be ob-
tained free by applying to the Agricul-
tural Department of the University of
California, Berkeley, Calif. The photo-
graph here shown was made from flow-
ers grown on our place.

reflecting on the late of the poor drones !
They are worse than the proverbial dog.
You may talk as you may, but it is not
every dog that has his day — that is, a
day for an ill-fate. But 'tis ever so with
the drone. The husky fellow that wings
his amorous flight to a successful con-
quest pays the penalty for his mid-air
pleasure — he is soon "a dead one," and
falls to the earth a useless nothingness.
Then, the fellows of the hive who have
tasted no other pleasure than plain
honey from the combs, have to be justled
and hustled, and kic'Ked from pillar to
post, as it were, and turned out of
house and home to die — unhonored and
unwept. All because there's nothing for
them to do. What a fate! Nothing to
do! There was something for them to
do : it might have been a crowning
pleasure for one drone in a thousand.
But now the time is past ; the flowers
are gone ; the harvest garnered ; there
are no more queens to rear — so out

July, 1907.

American Vee Journal

into the cruel world to perish from
cold and hunger, the drones are driven.
^ * * "What a vast difference is the
fate of man ! Every one of whom may
die in a palace with his boots nicely ar-
ranged beneath the bed I"

Yes, the drone-days are here, and I
notice that they are somewhat ahead of
the usual time. It is June lo, and the
husky fellows are being slaughtered.
Usually this does not happen until July.
I noticed 5 weeks .igo. during a brief
lull in the honey-flow, that one or two
colonies in the apiary began the work

of destruction of the male occupants
of the colony. Then the workers con-
cluded, no doubt, that there would be
no more honey to be gathered, and de-
termined to cut off the useless consum-
ers. But the flowers again gave forth
of their sweetness, ana the remaining
males were spared — for a later fate.

And so Nature has set its mandate,
and we all have to make our final bow
at the proper time, and proceed to that
bourne from which no traveler is said to
return. Vale, ye drones ; may our fate
be a happier one than is yours.

'Boiled 1>owiv^

Prices for Extracted Honey.

An article concerning wholesale and
retail prices for extracted honey, by
G. A. IJeadman, contains the following
passage (Canadian Bee Journal, p.
139) :

"I said that honey should never go
below loc retail. I will go further than
this. It should be at least 12c per pound
in the home market, in small quanti-
ties. In lo-pound pails, say lie; in a
60-pound tin at toe per pound. The re-
tail merchant then should pay 9c and
the commission man or wholesaler 8c.
When honey can not be bought by the
wholesaler for less than 8c, then the re-
tail price should not be less than 12c.
If it can be bought at 7c, then loc might
be satisfactory."

Out-Door Feeding.

Feed is put in tubs full of alfalfa-
stems or e.xcelsior by E. F. Atwater
(Bee-Keepers' Review, p. 172), and this
is his plan for starting all his own bees
at work promptly :

"At first we start the bees by breaking
up some old combs into pieces about l^
inches square. We dip these in the feed,
lay one at the entrance to each hive,
kick the hive if the bees are not numer-
ous at the entrance, and so on. Then
we go around and pick up the bits of
comb, with bees at work on the feed
in the cells, and carry them on a queen-
excluder or escape-board, to the tub,
where they are all dumped into the feed.
In a few minutes every colony will be
at work, and the feed will be gone long
before many of your neigivbors' bees
find it."

Yellow Sweet Clover on the S.\me
Land Each Year.

Sweet clover is a biennial, and it has
been considered possible to have it blos-
som on the same land only in alter-
nate years. Now comes J. A. Green,
saying that by using the yellow variety
a crop on the same land can be had each
year. July 18, 1906, he gathered seed,
sowed it between July 20 and 25, and
this year it began to bloom May 5 — 285

days or less from the time it was sown.
If the seed ripens this year as early as
last, that means a crop each year on
the same land. Quite a feather in the
cap of the yellow variety, even if Colo-
rado be the only State in which it will
mature so promptly — Gleanings, p. 828.

Five- Banders not Hardy.

F. A. Lockhart says that in the past
unfavorable spring his 5-banders suf-
fered the most heavih- of all; F. A.
Salisbury says his extra-yellow stock
are all "gone up ;" and N. E. Cleaver
tells practicaly the same story. Editor
Root says:

"We have observed, time and again,
that the .5-banded or very yellow bees
do not seem to be able, for some rea-
son, to stand a severe winter or a bad
spring like the leather-colored stock." —
Gleanings, p. 833.

Number of Colonies to the Apiary.

E. D. Townsend (Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, p. 168) says :

"Our bee-yards never have more than
100 colonies at a time; and this is fall-
count. With this number, fall-count, we
usually have, after our winter losses and
queenless colonies are deducted, some-
where between 80 and 90 colonies with
which to commence the season."

Sampling Honey with Wooden Tooth-
picks.

Wooden Toothpicks are used by Wal-
ter Harmer for giving prospective cus-
tomers a taste of honey. In one corner
of his canvassing case he has a holder
filled with toothpicks, and one of these
is thrust into a bottle of thick, ripe
honey, when enough will adhere to give
quite a generous taste to the recipient.
One of these can be given to each mem-
ber of the family, children and all.
Every one getting a taste of honey on
one of these new clean pieces of wood
feels sure that it has never been in
some one else's mouth, while the amount
of honey given is just about enough to
whet the appetite for more.— Bee-Keep-
ers' Review.

Doesn't Like Fences and Plain Sec-
tions.

E. F. Atwater says (Bee-Keepers' Re-
view, p. 171) :

"After an extensive test, extending
over several years, we have discarded
the fence-separators and plain sections,
as inferior to the older styles. The sol-
emn truth, for our localities and our
markets, is that we get less honey in the
new-fangled sections and supers, it is
not so uniformly salable, and it does
not sell for so much money."

The Gait of a Bee.

A bee, when it travels afoot, always
moves 3 legs at a time ; but it isn't a
pacer. The front leg and the hind leg
on one side move simultaneously with
the middle leg on the other side. —
Gleanings, p. 821.

Protective Value of Tarred Paper-.

A novel sort of protection gained by
using tarred paper is thus given by E. D.
Townsend (Bee- Keepers' Review, p.
169):

"With the white building paper on
some of our honey-houses, the mice
make these houses headquarters. One of
the most mice-ridden houses was at our
Isabella yard. A year ago this house
was papered with tarred felt paper, and
we have never seen a mouse in that
house since ; neither have there been any
ants there either. Then, we are quite
sure that the robber-bees are not nearly
so bad around a tar-lined house ; at
any rate, they have never troubled us
in these houses yet. While I do not
suppose that this paper would keep out
robbers if one were careless and let
them get started, still, I am satisfied
that tarred paper is distasteful to the
bees, as it is to mice and rats. If this
proves so, there may be more in this
tar than we realized at first. There
is one objection to this dark-colored
paper, and that is, the honey-house is
not so light as if it were papered with
white paper."

Just Plain Horse-Sense.

If you work for a man, in heaven's
name work for him.

If he pays you wages that supply
your bread and butter, work for him,
speak well of him, think well of him,
stand by him, and stand by the institu-
tion he represents.

I think if I worked for a man, I would
work for him. I would not work for
him part of his time, but all of his time.
I would give an undivided service or
none.

If put to the pinch, an ounce of loy-
alty is worth a pound of cleverness.

If you must vilify, condemn, and eter-
nally disparage, why, resign your posi-
tion ; and when you are outside, damn
to your heart's content. Bj.it, I pray
you, so long as you are a part of an in-
stitution, do not condemn it. Not that
you will injure the institution — not that
— but when you disparage the concern
of which you are a part .\ou disparage
yourselr.

And don't forg.et — "I forgot I" won't
do in business. — Elbert Hubbard, in
Technical World.

Julv, 11)07.

American liee Joarnal|

--'i>f

A HOMK BiCIC-SON'G.

The twilight bees to the comb,

And the wandering bird to the nest,
And the roaming sails turn home

Far out in the darkening west;
Home, home, tlicy gladly drift,

Though the lawn was loved of the bee,
And the bird had loved the lift

As the sailor the open sea.

And I, who have wandered far,

Down unrcmcmbered ways,
With never a steadfast star

Through all these drifting days.
Now turn to an Iiui whereof

I know one door stands wide —
And the rest is silence, love,

Till the world is shut outside !

— Arthur J. Stringer.

Spring Management and Swarming.

I will suppose that, on April 15, you
have 100 fairly good colonies that were
just taken from their winter quarters,
and that each colony contains a good,
well-developed Italian queen not over
ten months old that has been reared
from some good honey-gathering strain
of bees. I shall take it for granted that
your hives are filled with nice worker-
combs.

We will commence the season's work
by putting a feeder under every hive
and giving each colony about i;-S cents'
worth of extracted honey, or sugar sy-
rup, which must be made very thin, of
about the consistency of nectar, and feed
them about this amount every day that
the weather is such they can not gather
anything from flowers until about the
last of May. This will require on an
average, one season with another, about
50 cents' worth of honey or sugar per
colony; and, if properly done, you will
have. May 25, every hive crowded with
brood and maturing bees at the rate of
2000 or more a day.

About two weeks previous to this we
should start the rearing of four or five
hundred queen-cells, which are now.
May 26. about ready to hatch. Now we
will divide our colonies, making two of
each, and fix them so that the queenless
part will mature two or more of these
ripe queen-cells or virgins into nice lay-
ing queens ; then about the last of June
we will separate these colonies that have
two or more laying queens, making 100
more increase, or 300 colonies all to-
gether.

The old colony, or the part that has
Tiad the old laying queen from the first,
we have kept busy drawing out frames
of foundation into nice extracting-combs,
and we have also kept them from any
desire to swarm by taking their comb's
of capped brood away as fast as they
had some to spare, and giving this brood
to this newly-made increase.

In this way of managing your bees
you will have no swarming to bother
with, and at the same time you have in-
creased your TOO colonies to 300, and all
are in good condition for any harvest
that commences after July 4. — E. W.
Alexander, in Gleanings in Bee Culture.

Be Charitable — Nom de Plumes.

I wish our great family of bee-keep-
ers would have more charity than they

do fur one another. Perhaps the ma-
jority do think well of their fellows, but
there are a few who are too much given
to fault-finding, to seeing a man's faults
and faihngs instead of his good quali-
ties. I don't say that men or their ac-
tions ought never to be criticised or con-
dcnuied; but many times are men fairly
abitsrd for something for which they arc
not to blame. I sometimes get letters
accusing me very sharply of something
for wdiich 1 am not in the least to blame.
If you think that a man has made a
mistake, or has done wrong, it is not
always best to ignore it or keep still
about it ; but before condemning a man,
ask in a kind and courteous way for an
explanation. Don't be ready to impugn
a man's motives until you know all of
the circumstances.

As a rule t do not approve of the use
of a nom de plume. There are cases
when modesty might be an exc'use ;
where a man, or more likely a woman,
might be willing to write but did not
care for the resulting publicity. But
when a man enters into a critical argu-
ment, and proceeds to "roast" some op-
ponent, he ought to come out fair and
square with his own signature. To strike
a man in the dark, and then dodge be-
hind a nom de plume, marks a man as a
coward. — Editor Bee-Keepers' Review.

Taking More than One Bee-Paper,

I hold in my hand a very complimen-
tary letter from one of our subscribers
regarding the improvements that have
been made in Gleanings from time to
time. He thinks it covers the whole
ground so thoroughly and so well that
there is no use of his taking more than
one bee-journal. While we appreciate
most thoroughly this voluntary expres-
sion of our correspondent, I desire to
say that I believe he is mistaken. If
any one keeps bees for the money he can
make out of them, he ought by all means
to take not only one journal but two or
three of them. Gleanigs does not pre-
tend to cover the whole field of apicul-
ture. The personal bias of an editor,
even though that bias be unconscious,
may cause him to emphasize certain de-
velopment of bee-lore to the total neglect
of all others. As I look over our ex-
changes I can see fields that they are
covering that Gleanings is not ; and, con-
V'er,sely, I can see fields that we are cov-
erings that they do not.

W. L. Coggshall, perhaps the most ex-
tensive bee-keeper in the world, once
said to me that he could not afford not
to take all the bee-pap'ers published in
the United States; and that, moreover,
he could not afford not to scan every
page after they came into his hands.
"But." you say, "he owns and operates
some two or three thousand colonies,
while I have only fifty. One journal is
enough for me." Let us see how nearly
correct that is. Suppose the average an-
nual surplus is 25 pounds per colony,
of comb honey. I am purposely putting
the figures low so as to give my friend
the benefit of the figures. We will sav
that he sells the honey for 15 cents at
the commission man's, and that it nets
him 10 cents clear. That will make $2.50
per colour, or $125 in all. I do not know
of a bee-journal published but may con-

tain ^ome hint that will be worth sev-
eral times the subscription price for the
year. If three bee-journals cost $3.00,
or on a clubbing basis $2.50, it would
be very strange if our friend with fifty
colonics could not get more than $2.50
out of them. While the net earnings can
be increased on a conservative basis of
only $10, take the benefit of the doubt
and invest in two more journals at least.
I he farmer who takes only one agricul-
tural paper, even the very best one, may
miss some valuable hints which his more
progressive neighbor is availing him-
self of, and, consequently, will be get-
ting ahead of Wm in a business way. —
Editor of Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Heavy Loss of Bees.

The loss in bees has been very heavy in
this locality — about 90 percent. I should say.
I have only lOo colonies left out of 300,
but they are mostly in good condition, with
good prospcctf. for a honey crop.

I like the -American Bee Journal, and feel
that 1 can not afford to do without it.

Delaware, Ont., .Tune 25. E. M. HeSB.\xD.

Much Swarming.

There will be a very considerable decrease
in honey-production in this locality this sea-
son. Swarming is free — I am averaging about
3 swarms a day (non-swarming stock!) By
the way my supply-trade has increased and
is holding out, others must be getting swarms,
too. .\fter the disastrous winter, I suppose
in some occult way Nature demands the in-
crease— a matter you may compare with the
curious fact that the birth-rate (in Europe)
increases with the increase in the cost of
bread. George W. Ad.\ms.

Essex Co., Mass., June 19.

Poor Prospect for Honey.

The prospect for a honey crop in this local-
ity is very poor. I have not had any swarms
yet. In fact, the colonies are not in a very
strong condition. B- G. Mixnick.

Hardin, Mo., June 22.'

Starved Brood.

I brought every colony through the winter
and into spring all right; but, oh my, it was
a "tug of war" to keep up brood-rearing in
the long, cold, backward spring. I got the
bees into summer in fine shape, all the same.
The amount of starved brood that is in our
Province now is something awful. Many of
our bee-keepers are calling it foul brood.

Woodburn. (^nt., June 24. W'm. ^IcEvov-

Light Crop of Honey.

It is very hot and dry here now- The honey
season is closing up with, I think, generally
a light crop.

I don't know just when I commenced taking
the .-\merican Bee Journal, but back in the
'70's. Father died in 1S79 and we took it
before that. How quickly the seasons come
and go! You can always count on me as a
subscriber. Long live the American Bee Jour-
nal! \V. C. NUTT.

Belleville. Tex., June 21.

Cold Spring — Feeding the Bees.

I have 65 colonies of bees. About one-half
of them are weak and the rest are fairly
strong. It has been the coldest April, May
and June up until about one w-eek ago. that
I remember ever seeing. During fruit-bloom
it W.1S so cold and cloudy that the bees could
not work much. -\nd now it is very warm and
dry. The bees are on the verge of starva-

600

American IRee Journal

July, 1907.

lion. _ They are killing off their drones and
no signs of swarming. I am feeding them
sugar syrup in the open air to keep them
alive till clover-bloom. The prospect for a
honey-crop is anything but bright now, but I
am living in hopes that we will get rain soon
to help the clover, and that we may get some
honey yet. Ceo. H. Adkins.

Ticonderoga. N. V., June 15.

Bees Doing Better.

We liad very poor weather all spring, cool
and rainy, and nothing for bees to do, but
on June 14 they started to work on white
clover, which is abundant, and there is plenty
of nectar in it. Basswood also is going to be
Xo. I. I have had only 2 swarms so far,
but I made 4 nuclei which are as good as
primary swarms. The honey-bee is my best
friend and I give her the best care possible.

I kept black bees in the old country but they
were different from the black bees the bee-
keepers write about here in the United States.
The common bee here ij a mixture. The
Italian and Carniolan are e.xtra-good honey-
gatherers if handled right, but do not look
so nice as pure Italians. They are just as
good workers, however.

LaMotte, Iowa, June jr. Nick Tentgen.

Poor Season, but Improving.

The season was very poor here for bees
up to about 2 weeks ago. They are doing
nicely now on white clover; and the linden
trees are as full of buds as I ever saw them.
They will be in bloom in about 10 days. I
think there is a good prospect of the bees
making up now for lost time.

I divided 3 colonies about a week ago in
our out-apiary. I looked into those colonies
yesterday (6 in all) and they are all doing
fine. \\ e now have 7 colonies in this apiary

„ , , ^ (Kev.) J. W. Stine.

Uurbam. Iowa, June 27.

Bees are Backward.

Bees are very backward. No swarming yet
There is plenty of white and alsike clover in
bloom, but the bees do not seem to be working
°" ;*• , , , Chas. Doan.

Hull, Iowa, June 26.

Honey Crop a Failure.

The honey crop is a failure here. First
white clover gain was June 2. and only 20
pounds gain in weight since, and mostly brood.
1 hear of bees doing well here, but it is in
cases of one or more colonies in a place. It
will not affect the honey crop in the least,
it prospects do not change greatly soon, there
w-iM not be any xMissouri honey. Indeed I
thought 2 weeks ago I should have to feed
in June to keep them from starving

-Marceline, Mo., June 17. Irving Long.

Still Feeding the Bees.

I am still feeding my bees and the end of
feeding is not in sight. The weather is quite
warm now and we had rains week before last
and the beginning of last week. There is
considerable white clover in bloom, but the
bees do not seem to get anvthing from it.
i suppose the conditions are the same all over
Iowa. If there is a flow anywhere I would
like to have some bee-keeper write to the
American Bee Journal and let us know about
"•, , , Edwin Bevins.

l.eon. Iowa, June 17.

Swarming and Working Sections.

^Iy bees are swarming and starting to
work in sections. I think we will have a
good season here. I have for main sources
truit-bloom, raspberrv and blackberry, white
clover, basswood, chestnut, aster, golden-rod,
and buckwheat; also lots of other plants that
give the bees almost a steady flow.

Jamestown. X. V., June 17. G. B. Babcock

No Prospects for Surplus Honey.

Bees are at least 2 months behind, with no
prospects for any surplus honey before Sep-
tember. There will not be any linden bloom
this year of any consequence, for there are
no buds to speak of. Bees are gaining a little
from white clover now, but not fast. Bees
wintered fine, but oh, what a late spring!

I had to feed for 2 months, owing to all of
the early bloom having been killed, and if it
had not been killed it was so cold that bees
could not fly for weeks at a time. We have
had fine weather now for some days, but it is
too late for some things. I had to order some
honey from Chicago for my own use, owing
to having to feed so late, and so much. I
hope for the better things in the future.
Mast, N. C, June 25. A. T. McBride.

Honey- Yield Small.

The sage is about out of bloom and the
yield of honey is small at this apiary, but of
extra-good quality, as the backward spring
caused the bees to use up all the dark and
mixed honey. Delos Wood.

Santa Barbara. Calif., June 19.

First Alfalfa Flow.

Bees have had a hard time this season here.
The first alfalfa honey-tlow is just on. It
is the first flow of any kind since everything
froze during fruit-bloom.

The American Bee Journal is well worth
$1.00 a year to any one who has even one
colony of bees. F. G. B.\rker.

Salina, Kans, June 15.

Building Up for the Fall Crop.

The season has been excellent so far and
all colonies that were strong enough have
stored a nice surplus; but as the weather had
been unfavorable for the rapid building up of
colonies in April, and in May, it rained al-
most every day, most colonies came to the
harvest in a weak condition, so that they
could not take advantage of the harvest to the
greatest extent. We do not expect a great
spring crop, but this flow is certainly fine- for
the building up of all colonies for the fall
flow, which is the one we mostly depend upon
here for our surplus. The weather is fine at
present, and we hope it will continue for a
while longer. Julius Happel.

Evansville. Ind., June 27.

Very Cold Spring.

We are having a very cold spring. Apples
are just beginning to bloom. All weak colo-
nies of bees have dwindled out. I have had
to feed nearly all colonies up to now. but I
think if the weather is good, we will get a fair
honey crop yet. Kdward Ricard.

Canaan, N. il.. June 12.

Poor Season for Bees.

This is one of the poorest seasons for bees,
as it is cold and rainy all the time. They
go out but never return. Therefore the colo-
nies are on the verge of starving at almost the
first of June. If we do not get a change soon
there will be no honey for bees or any one
else. My bees came through the winter all
right with plenty, but this weather is causing
it all to be consumed. The supply-manufactur-
ers will not be rushed this season for goods.

Hibbets, Ohio. May 27. Henry Best.

Cold Season for Bees.

I took my 147 colonies out of the cellar,
all appearing very strong, on March 20 and
21, at a temperature of 85 and 93 degrees. A
week later the weather "caught cold," and no
amount of coaxing has been able to get rid of
it. If the bees had not been in first-class
shape, they never would have "stood the
racket." One colony was extinct at the time
of taking them out and it is there yet. and I
mean to keep it there until warmer days.
It had been marked "N'ery weak; watch" at
the time of cellaring. All colonies were tar-
papered, a la Hutchinson, on March 22, (hence
before Hutchinson's tar-papering got into
print). While I have lost some 20 colonies
since from spring dwindling, I am sure the
paper saved lots of bees. I afterward bought
out a yard of 26 colonies and have at this
time about 150. Some are yet very weak, bvit
most would get ready for white clover with
good weather, which will not be much short of
2 weeks yet. Dandelions are in "full blast"
and we are hoping that overgrowth of moss,
etc., can be mown off and let the sun shine
through a little.

While we had several hard freezes w hi It-
fruit was in boolm, the fruit seems not to
have suffered total loss, and apples seem to
have been hurt but little, if any, by the frost.
The only explanation I can advance for it is

that the slow growth in a low temperature
produced hardier buds and blossoms. Farm
crops look fine. Corn needs dry and warmer
weather. Judging from its appearance most
farmers must have planted the "little yellow"
kind this year. F. W. Hall.

Hull, Iowa, June 10.

Kerosene for Robber-Bees.

I had one of the worst cases of robbing
I think I ever had. 'The robber-bees just
swarmed in and around the hive. I closed the
entrance so that but one bee could get in,
and took some kerosene and painted the en-
trance and the cracks under the cover. Every
bee left in 10 seconds. I went back in half
an hour and found a few of the robber-bees
hovering around, so I painted the open places
again.

In painting be careful not to let any of the
kerosene get into the hive. I do not remember
ever seeing this cure in print, but it is sure.

Emerson. 111., May 30. W. H. H. Stewart.

No Bloom and No Honey.

Weather conditions have been bad for bees
since the last of March. My winter losses were
few, but I have lost quite a number of colonies
in the last 2 months. I am now feeding all
colonies (about loo) in order to keep them
alive, and keep up brood- rearing. There is
no honey in any hive and there is no bloom
from which the bees can gather it, and what is
worse, there is no white clover in the fields.
There is no telling how long the feeding will
have to be carried on, probably for many
weeks. Edwin Bevins.

Leon, Iowa, May 29.

Coldest Spring in 24 Years.

The oldest settlers say that this has been
the coldest spring since 18S3. Grain that was
seeded April 30 has not come up yet. The
dandelions have not commenced to bloom yet,
nor the fruit-trees. So far there is no sign
of buds to speak of. On May 19, last year, I
extracted dandelion honey. This year there
will be no extracting for 2 weeks at least
from date. I notice the Southerns have their
troubles, too, so, according to reports, the
honey-market will not be clogged this year.
Chas. O. Bergstraxd.

,\mcry, \A'is., May 27.

Bees Carrying Water at Night — First
Recorded Midnight Play-Spell
of Young Bees.

It is all right to be suspicious when any-
thing is reported, yet as Mr. Miller says, "It
IS not safe to deny something because it did
not come under one's observation."

In the controversy between Mr. Hasty and
myself, I wish to state that an error occurred
in my last article. While I have seen bees
at night around a certain barrel right at my
house, I incidentally remarked that although
plenty of bees are to be seen in daytime around
my pump, none could be found there at night.
Not all of my colonies sent out water-car-
riers at night, only those strong colonies hav-
ing a clear track, clear right of way on hot
nights. However, last fall, after bees had
stopped night work for 5 or 6 weeks, one
colony sent one water-carrier as late as either
Wednesday or Thursday on November 3, and
also another on the first Sunday in l^ecember.

To satisfy my own curiosity I made the fol-
lowing experiments :

1 . With a Monette Queen-Clipping device
I captured several bees (one at a time, of
course), to see whether that certain colony
whose night- worker was lost, would send out
another, as never more than a single bee goes
out of a hive after water. At least I have
never seen it otherwise. While this caging
interrupted for a while at least the water-
carrying ( the same work was resumed later
on. Right here I wish to remark that
bees never fly inside the barrel at night as
they do in the daytime ; no, they fly on the
rim of the barrel on the side nearest the hive,
and "foot it" or "leg it" down to the water.

I next wanted to know whether it was the
same bees over and over again in the same
and a few following nights, but failed. I re-
membered reading something about painting
bees and queens with a quickly drying pow-
der. Why could not I paint this night-shift
of bees? After looking in vain for such a
powder in a few great Chicago mail-order
catalogs, I used alternately coach-paint, red,

July, 1907.

601

^»^^-<c^^^P American liee Journal

green, ami alsd the cuiiiinnii white lead, paint-
ing of course only the thorax. The hive whose
bees were paintt-il stood almost at the lu-ad
of my hfd, and the barrel only a few feet
of the itther end. After paint in k aiirl knock-
ing the hee back, for she crawled attain to the
rim of the barrel, I anxiously awaited her re-
turn to the hive. liut. oh, like Cieorge Kossett,
the Syrian leper from West X'irginia and New
jersey, so these red and green backs and
white caps were unceremoniously hustled out
of the hive. Sailing under false colors is cer-
tainly not allowed inside a bee-hive.

I next tried meal smut, sifted red brick -
dust, and sulphur, hut could not satisfy my
curiosity. So as not to be confused by bees
from other hives, all hives sending out water-
carriers at night were thoroughly sprayed in-
side. This stopjied them. Slightly spraying
the alighting-hoard, 1 had found out a few
nights before making the last experiment, had
no elTeci whatever.

iMr. A. I. Knot tells us in Gleanings how
during some beautiful Florida night his rooster
got fooled and came down from his roost.
I*ast June, about the 20th, most farming opera-
tiotis were over and a little idle time was spent
in queen-rearing a la Doolittle. Ten frames con-
taining mostly sealed brood were raised above
an excluder about this time. There only one
night- — but I don't know for certain on which
night, the 3th, 6th, or 7th of July, T906 — out
came a part of my young bees, probably 50,
enjoying a play-spell by the light of the moon,
probably about midnight. Why could not these
same young bees come out on the glorious
4th? And they might, but I don't know. I
think, however, it rained the night follow-
ing the 4tli of July. These night-playing bees
also made their circles quite small, no higher
than the roof of the second full story, and
no more than 2 feet from the entrance of the
hive. Rut here I ran into another puzzle.
The hive contained quite a multitude of young
bees, for I watched for the play-spell on the
following day. Why couldn't the whole crop
of young bees take their play-spell by the
light of the moon, wdiy only a part, and why
circle sn close to the hive?

Right here I wish to say the play-spell
lasted only about 8 or 10 minutes, and old
bees were going in and out before and after
the play-spell right along, working on corn-
tassels and also on partridge-vines. I am glad
that Mr. Hasty, although doubting the water-
carrying at night, acknowledges the same qual-
ity of bis well-settled hybrids when "enticed
by his light," viz: \\'hy does only one bee at
a time butt against his lantern?

Fort White, Fla., May 27. D. J. Pawletta.

All Colonies Light.

At this <iate my bees are living on sugar
syrup. White clover is beginning to bloom,
and the bees are working on it some. All
colonies are light for the time of the year,
so I think the prospect anything but flatter-
ing for the season. R. E. Arnold.

Lovilia, Iowa. June 6.

Best Year in a Long Time.

1 see in the American Bee Journal that the
prospect for honey is pretty blue in many
places this year. WV had a somewhat late
spring and little pollen came in up to March
10, but the bees came out well. I had about
29 colonies and lost 4 from queenlessness, and
was prepared to increase to 50 colonies, but
so far I have had only 2 swarms. The most
of my colonies are working in the second super
(full-sized Langstroth lo- frame) for extracted
honey. It is the best year I have seen for a
long time — fine weather right along. It has
not been warm, but the bees have been lug-
ging in honey, and if it will hang on. it will
be a bumper crop. O. K. RicE.

Grays River. W^ash., May 29.

Handling Bees for Others.

Since taking the American Bee Journal,
about 7 years ago, I have lost from foul brood,
etc., all of my bees— about 40 colonies. If I
bad had time I could have cured it by trans-
ferring, etc., but I finally thought best, under
the circumstances, to destroy them.

Bees do well in Walla Walla valley, aver-
aging usually 2 to 3 supers — 48 to 72 pounds.

Lately Mr. A. L. Melander," from Pullman,
Wash., State bee and fruit insjiector, was in
this valley looking after the foul brood. He
is doing a great deal of good and arousing
considerable enthusiasm with bee-keepers.

I handle quite a large number of bees for

others each spring. I have a good C(|uipmcnt
and I charge 50 cents an hour, or $4 per day.
I have more calls than my limited time will
jiermit. In all cases I have made it pay the
owner dituble or triple. People generally have
their bees in uU\ boxes and get very little
honey, and that in ba<l shape. Others have
the standard hive with the tin rabbet in wrong,
the division-boards in the center. without
foundation-starters in, or put in so loosely that
they fall down with heavy swarms. I shape
them up at the rate of 15 to 25 colonics per
day.

My method for transferring is to place the
new hive i 11 the old Stand, place the old hive
with the bottoTH riiiped ofT on top of the new
hive, then smoke them down a bit and pro-
ceed with chisel and hanuner to rip the old
hive to pieces. I save enough of the best
brood to fill a F.angstroth frame, which I get
inside the hive as soon as possible so as not to
chill the brood. This gives them a chance to
hatch a queen if T fail to get their (|ueen trans-
ferred all right, %\'Iiich is seldom. I then leave
thent alone for fully 10 days, as I fancy if
they are disturljed before the queen-cell is
capped over they may destroy the growing
queen by eating out the royal pabulum. I
often put several dilapidated colonies into the
one new hive. I don't save the old combs as I
haven't the equipment for rendering tlie wax.
I enjoy the business immensely, and I mean
to cut out other business and take up the bee-
business exclusively. I have only 16 colonies
now. They are without foul brood. Several
have stored one or more supers full of nice
white locust honey already.

Bees in this valley rarely ever winter-kill —
outdoors all winter.

When I was at the business before, I made
quite a thorough study of it in all lines, and
by introducing Italian queens I had all Italian
bees. A. h. McFarlane.

Walla, Walla Co., Wash., June 15.

Late and Cold Season,

Bees are strtmg this spring and are casting
strong swarms. I have had 4 very strong
prime swarms this spring. The spring season
lieing late and cold, bees are hardly getting
enough honey to live on. I hope the prospect
for a good honey crop will brighten as the
season advances. Wii,liam H. Heepner.

Mont Alto, Pa.. June 3-

A Discouraging Outlook.

We have just had a week of cold rain,
and bees are doing nothing. I am feeding
tliem and will have to feed for 2 weeks more.
\\'e have had _s freezes since fruit-bloom, and
there is nothing for the bees to do. The first
crop of alfalfa was frozen and cut for hay.
The second is short on account of cold and
drouth. I don't know if the bees will store
any surplus ln.mey this year. It looks like
a poor proposition. No fruit of any kind this
year. J. J. Measer.

Hutchinson. Kans., June i.

Good Place for Bees.

I now have ^n colonies of bees. I sold $40
worth of honey last year. This is a splendid
lilace for bees — white clover on one side ot
my farm, and smartweed and basswood on the
other. I like bee-work very well.

I expect to increase my apiary gradually as
I want to understand the work and manage-
ment of the bees better than I do now, before
I go into it- too heavily.

I have been reading the American Bee
Journal for over a year, and I like it very
much. W. R. Moore.

Hume, Mo., June 27.

Queen*s Laying — Finding Queens.

The one who claims in Gleanings that the
queen lays drone or worker-eggs according to
the ciirvaturi' of her abdomen, is hereby re-
quested to rise and explain how it works when
the queen lays drone-egcs in worker-cells, or
worker-eggs in drone-cells. The abdomen of
the queen is much longer than either kind of
cells, and therefore the curvature must be
about the same in either case.

For several years I have been using, to some
extent, feeders placed permanently under the
hive-bottoms, and to which the bees had ac-
cess through a hole in the bottom-board. Very
frequently wlieii I open the hive and smoke
the bees the queen runs off and takes refuge
in the feeder. The funniest part of it is that
until a few days ago, I never thought of

taking advantage of it to secure the queen,
without having to look over the combs and
hunt h« r up everywhere. Adbia.n' Getaz.

Knoxville, Tenn., July 2.

CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES

Continued from Pate 587. i

Vegetable Physiology and
Honey

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

It is a good thing that we have such
a good VV'ealhcr Service. We may never
know how much the weather has to do
with successs in the various affairs of
Hfe. We know how bad weather in-
terferes, oftentimes, with the fun we had
planned at a picnic, maybe keeping us
at home altogether. We often remark
how fortunate we are in California as
we can generally count on good weather
from April to November, and so can
safely count on planning a picnic at any
time in .'summer, and the weather will
not say us nay. We know how a lack
of winter rains will surely cut off the
honey crop in the arid regions, and se-
vere drouths as surely foretell failure
in the East. I remember in the late 'So's
how we had 3 years in succession, with
no honey at all, and without doubt the
drouth was the cause, as we have never
had such a failure in all the previous
years of my bee-keeping from 1870 on
to these 3 very dry years. The present
season has been very cold all over the
country. In Kansas it has been as dry
as cold, while in Michigan and Ohio, it
has been as wet as it has been dry in
Kansas. In all these regions it has been
a very poor honey-year. Is it possible
to explain this coincidence, of lack of
honey and these weather conditions?

We know that sap is to the plant what
blood is to us. Sap, like blood, not only
carries all the nourishment to the needy
cells, but it is the food. We know that
water is the most important part of the
blood and of sap as well. We see. then,
that growth, secretion' — yea, the very
life of the plant is dependent on
water, and we no longer wonder that
the plant so soon wilts, withers and dies
when the water is withheld. Life and
cell-nourishment are more important than
is fruiting. But nectar-secretion is con-
nected with fruiting, and we should ex-
pect that when there is a shortage of
water, the life woljld be kept up, at the
expense of fruit, and so we no longer
wonder that the trees fail to secrete nec-
tar— may fail to bloom at all, when the
ground at the roots dries up. We used
to think, in California, that we were
sure of a honey-year when we had plen-
ty of timely rains. But the two years
just past make us change our views,
and so we need to consider another ur-
gent need of every vigorous plant.

The roots of the plants take from the
soil the water, and in solution in this
the needed mineral elements. These are
carried from cell to cell in the sap-
wood, to the leaves as crude sap. The
leaves may be said to form the manu-
factory of the plant. We see. then, why
one reason plants rest in the winter —
that is. deciduous plants — they have no
leaves. The leaves take carbon dioxide

602

American He^ Journal

July, 1907.

from the air, and by use of this and
water, they form sugar, starch and most
the vegetable products. But there is one
indispensable condition to vegetable
work or nutrition. There must be light
and heat. At night the plant ceases
work for the most part, as it has not
the necessary light. We know how pale
and sickly a plant looks under a board.
-It is without light. The green part of
twigs and leaves — the chlorophyll, as it
is called — can form only in the light,
and without chlorophyll the plant is un-
able to do its work. Warmth is also
necessary to the best work and growth
of all plants. Cold, then, stops the func-
tional activity of plants just as surely
as it does of animals. In case there is
too little warmth, the plant may live
and make meager growth, but it will
not secrete nectar, and may not even
bloom. Thus we may easily explain why
these cold seasons preclude the e.\istence
of nectar in the flowers, and of honey
in the hive. In case the cold is very
pronounced, it even shuts the bees in the
hives, and they do not go forth to gather
what they would seek in vain when the
weather is cold and inclement.

There is one more point that is not so
important to the exclusive bee-keeper,
but is of exceeding moment to the fruit-
grower. I refer to the fact that many
of our most important fruit-trees and
vegetables are sterile to their own pol-
len. Thus though they will bloom, they
will not fruit unless they are cross-pol-
linated. They will therefore fail, ut-
terly, to fruit, unless they are cross-
pollinated. AW flower-loving insects will
aid in doing this necessary work. But
where we have massed our trees as we
have in our orchards, the bees are re-
quired to effect this work as there are
not enough of other nectar-loving in-
sects to do it. Thus we see why we
are likely to have a meager crop of
fruit in such years as this has been.
The cold keeps the bees in the hive, and
so cross-pollination is not effected. Even
if the bees do go forth, there is no nec-
tar to attract them to the flowers and
so there is still a lack of cross-pollina-
tion, and as surely a shortage in the
yield of fruit. It is plain to be seen
that the fruit-grower just as much as
the bee-keeper is dependent upon the
warmth, the rains, and the bees for the
best success.

The Se.\son of 1907.

I have of late passed through our
country from California to Ohio, and
have stopped off for a time in Kansas,
Illinois, Michigan, and am now enjoying
life as a "Buckeye," and everywhere I
have found a very cold, backward spring.
This has hit the fruit-man hard, and
so far has been discouraging to the bee-
keeper. It is safe to say that the fruit
crop will be light in very many parts
of our country. The cold in many cases
has actually killed the bloom, and in
many other places the cold has prevented
cross-pollination, and so the fruit has
failed to set and has dropped from the
trees. The outlook for honey is not so
bad. - The rains in many localities have
been very generous, and now the weath-
er has warmed up, and there is yet time
for an ,-ibundant yield of honey. It is a

fortunate circumstance that the season
is in many places at least 3 weeks behind
the usual season at this time of the
year. The bloom of clover and linden
will be late, and this will give the bees
a better opportunity to fill the hives.

Specialists in Bee-Reeping.

We all remember how well Messrs.
Hutchinson, Heddon and Taylor argued
in the olden time in favor of exclusive
bee-keeping. Some of these did not
"take their own medicine," as they were
as successful in other lines as in their
favorite work with the bees. I have
of late visited several former friends.
I find most of them keep bees in con-
nection with their other farm work.
They say it pays well, and, besides, they
are assured that the bees are a very
essential aid in their farm operations.
I am delighted as well as surprised to
find how generally the bee's importance
in agriculture is coming to be appre-
ciated. I have long felt that farming
would be more successful if every farm-
er kept and enjoyed several colonies of
bees.

Columbus, Ohio, June 20.

SHIPPING-CASES TO BURN

Dovetail Hives, Sections, Foundation, and a
full line of supplies by the carload, and shipped
from the best shipping-point in Michigan. An all-
basswood 24-pound case. 1-piece cover, 13 cents.
Honey and beeswax wanted. Send for catalog
and discounts.

W. D. SOPER, Rt. 3, Jackson, Mich.

GOING OUT OF
BUSINESS

ry

business, for sale. Have made
enouiih, and can afford to quit
Tired, 60 years old and want to
rest, think, write and live.
Can save you money any place
in the United States.
400 hives at Watertown, Wis.— not
here.

Send a list for prices. BIG CUT,
and you will need to be quirli.
Read the "Modern Farmer."

E. T. ABBOTT, St. Joseph, Mo.

TEXAS QUEENS

The famous Honey-Producers
have out-stripped all others
this year in honey-gathering.
Record up to July 1st, 320 lbs.

CARNIOLANS, ITALIANS and
GOLDENS

Tested. $1.00 each:
Warranted, 75c "
Untested. 50c "

$10.00 a dozen.
7.00 ••
5.50 ■•

GRANT ANDERSON,
SABINAL, - - TEXAS

:WE SELL:

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc., as we can
save you time and freight.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON,

Redford, Wayne Co., Michigan

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian ijueens— each 75 cents or 6 for $4..
Caucasians— each $1. or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

" It Is continuous <idvertislng
that Impresses the public
with the stability of a firm

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Friend Bee-Keeper: — You have had a hard
time of it; colonies dwindled to half with some,
and you were nearly discouraged. But the clouds
have rolled away and prospects are fine for a good
crop yet. Get MarshfJeld Bee-Goods, and make no
mistake.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marshfield, Wis.

lOWA-J. W. Bittenbcnder. Knoxville.

Gregory & Son. Ottumwa.
KAN.SAS-S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIUAN-Lengst & Koenig, 127 South

13th St., Saginaw. E. S.
S. D. Buell. Union City.
NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co..

Fairbury.
CANAD.\- N. H. Smith, Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA-H. W. Ryder, Phoenix.
MINNESOTA- Northwestern Bee-Sup-

plv Co., Harmony.
ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham. Kankakee.
OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.
TEXAS-White Mfe. Co.. Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile

Co.. Cumberland,
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

July, 1907.

003

American Hee Journal

SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS

In Connection With The

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sample copies free, to help you interest your friends and get subscriptions. If you will send us names of your neiirhbors or
friends we will mail them sample copies free. After they have received their copies, with a liltir talk you can uet some to sub-
scribe and so either uet your own subscriiition free or reeiive some of the useful premiums below. They're worth ijettinK. We
K*ve you II year's BultN<'riptioii free for one new subscription at 25 cents.

BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

Your nnme and address put

on one side of the handle as
shown in cut, and on the
other sicle pictures of
a ciueen-bee, a worker,
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
and transparent,
through which is
i-een your name.
If you lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to you, or!
serves to identify
you if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cutis e.xact
size. Be sure to
write exact name
and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Priceofknife
alone, postpaid, $1.25.
With year's subscrip-
tion, $1.40.
Free for 8
new 25c sub-
scriptions.

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really Kood
pen. As far as
true usefulness
goes it is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced, much-
advertised pens.
If you pay more it's
the name you're
. charged for. The Gold

Nib IS guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Iridium pointed. The holder is
hard-rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. The cover fits snugly and
can't slip oft" because it slightly
wedges over the barrel at either
end. 1 his pen is non-Ieakable.
It is very easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. The simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-Point without dropping,
blotting or spotting Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in bo.\ with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown % ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid, S1.25. With
a year's subscription, $1.40.
Given free for 8 new subscrip-
tions at 25 cents each.

QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE

The Monette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for use in
catching and clipping
Queens' wings. 4K
inches high. It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
one.

Price alone, post-
paid, 25 cents. With a
year's subscription, 40
cents. Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 25 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

^\ special tool invented
b\ a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of malleable iron
8H inches long. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is I 7-8incheslong,
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, ending like a
screw-driver. The
larger end is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular edge,
making it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc., as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. Ililler. who has
used it since Iy03 says,
January 7, hW; "I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
30 cents. With a year's
subscription, 45 cents.
Given free for 3 new
subscriptions at 25
cents each.

PREmiun

QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens,
reports of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent only after May 1st.
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery ^uarantetd. Price,
75 cents each, b for $4.00
or 12 fur $7.50. One queen
with a year's subscrip-
tion, 90 cents. Free for
5 new 25c. subscriptions.

HUmOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

^^

^>Sw

^^ l<*NNOI

;^- O WONT rou BEE nr HONEY
/ViD CH[[R THIS lONELV HCART?

For I WOULD mo you ali the th^

AmO Wt WOULD NEVER PART

■1 MOl' — T- ^^4

A 'Teddv Bear" on good terras with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep." Size
SYsxSVa, printed in four colors. Blank
space lHx3 inches is for writin^r. Prices—
3. postpaid. 10 cents; ID for 25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription. 40 cents. 5
^iven free toT every 25-cent subscription,
if requested, and no other premium.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

Forty ^ fjirs Auioiic the Ifeew, t.v Dr.C.C.
Miii.-r,-;i4i p.ijj:*'^'. b<mii<l in IiiuhIsomm- rl'-rii,
u II li K'ldil Icl rers and <lt-smn, illust r;itt'<| h ith II'.'
ht;iiitiful hulf-tnne pU-turc^, l;ik*-n \i\ Hr.
Miller. It is a ^xtt^><^, new .sh.ry ul HUf<'i"S.«IuI
luM-k'-ciuiitr hv one of tht* iii;if*fcr.'*, an<l show?'
in niiiiut.'wi <l«-tail just how I)r Miller lUn-n
ihiiiKs with hiM-s. Price al«»nt-, Jl.iK). With a
.vi-ar'.'* sulj.Mcriptinn, $1.1'. Given free for 7 new
aubscriptions at 2'iC .iis eacb.

Advanced Be© Cultnre, by \V. Z.niitcliin-
son.— The luilhor iH a practical and iiclpful
writer. s:i» pa^es; bound in cloth, beautifully
illustrated. Price alone, $l.-'0. With a gear's
subscript ion, $l.S"i. Given free for B new sub-
scriptions at ^Scents each.

A B C of Be© Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. -Over ."»iii pages describing' everything;
pertaining to the care of honey-bees. 4i0 en-
jrravlnK'*- Bound in cloth, price alone. Sl.l'O.
With a ye;ir'.-* .subscription, $I.3.i. Given ire©
for 8 new subscriptions at 25 cents each.

Scientifie Queen-Bearing, as Practically
Applied, by <_i. M. Doolitt le.-H(>w the very best
(jueen-hees are reared. Bound in cloth and il-
lustrated. Priee alone, $l.oii. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.1.'). Given free for 7 ui^v,- subscrip-
tions at 25 cents each. In leatherette binding,
price alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription
yo cents. Given free tor 5 new subscriptions
at 23 cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook. -This book is in-
structive, helpful, interesting^, thoroughly
practical and .scientific. It also contains anat-
omy and physiology of bees. 544 pages, 2'.t5
illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20.
With a year's subsi.Tii>tion, $1.35. Given tree
lur8 new subscriptions at 25 cents each.

I^ancstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic has been entirely re-
written. Fully illu.strat e<I. No apiarian Unrary
is cmiplete without this standard work by "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 52ui)ages.
iiound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subsiription, $1.35. Gi^ en free for 8 new sub-
scriptions at 2.5 cents each.
*'The Honey-Money Stories."— A 64-page
booklet. Containing many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts and interesting items
ab"ut honey. The manufactured ccmb-htin^y
niisre[tresentation is contradicted in two items
each (ic<uTt>ing a full page. Has 33 tine illus-
trations ofapiaries or aiuarian scenes. It also
cmtains 3 bee-songs. This bottklet should In-
placed in the hands of everybody not familiar
with the food-value of honev, for its main
object is to interest people in lione.v as a daily
table article. Price 25 cents. With a year's
subscriptiiin, 40cents. Given free forS new
subseripti'ins, at 25 cents each.

Three c .pies f<ir .">Oceiits ; or the 3 with a year's
subscription 'ii cents; or the 3 copies given
free for 4 new subscriptions at 25 cents each.

Amerikanisoh© Bienenzucht. by Hans
Buschhauer, is a bee-keeper's handbook of Lis
pages, which is just what our German friends
will want. It is fully illustrated, and neatly
bound in cloth. Pricealone,$i.oo. With a year's
subscription, $1.15. Given free for 7 new sub-
scriptions at 25 cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A stiff board outside like a book-cover with
cloth bark. Will hold easily 3 volumes (36
numbers) of the American Bee Journal. Makes
reference easy, preserves copies from loss,
dust and murilation. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription yii cents. Given
free for 5 new subscriptions at 2."t cents each.

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has wood back but no
covers. Price })08tpaid, 20 cents. With a year's
subscription 3.i cents. Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 25 cents each.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few of these handsome "bronze-metal"
clocks left. Base 10'.. inches wide, by 9^ inches
high. Design is a straw skep with clock face in
middle. Suitable for i>arlor— an ornament for
any phu-e. Keeps excellent time, durable
and reliable Weight, boxed 4 piiunds. You
pay express charges. Price, $1.50. Withayear's
subscription, $1 65. Given free lor 10 new sub-
scriptions at 25 cents each.

604

July, 1907.

QoeeDS of Moore's
Strain of Italians

Produce workers that fill the supers, and are
not inclined to swarm. They ha^e won a world-
wide reputation for honey-gathering-, hardi-
ness, g-entlenest , etc.

Mr. W. Z Hutchinson, editor of the Bee- Keep-
ers' Review, Flint, Mich., says: '* As workers,
I have never seen them equaled. They seem
possessed of a steady, quiet determination that
enables them to lay up surplus ahead of others.
Easier bees to handle I have never seen."

My qneens are all bred from my best long^-
tongued ^banded red-clover stock (no other
race bred in my apiaries), aud the cells are
built in strong colonies well supplied with
young bees.

PRICES: Untested Queens. $1 each; six, $5;
doz., $^. Select, untested, fl.OO each; six, f5,
doz., 19.

I am filling orders f»j return mail.

Safe arrival and Sdtistaciiun guaranteed.

Descriptive circular free. Address,

J. P. MOORE, Queen-Breeder,

Rt. 1. MORGAN, KY.

TAYLOR'S STRAIN OF

ITALIANS IS THE BEST

LoDg-tongTies andgolUensare the best tif honey-
gatherers; 18 years a specialty, breeding for the
best honey-gatherers. Untested, 75 cts. each, or
$8.00 a dozen; tested. $1.00 each, or $10.00 a dozen;
select tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, the very best,
from $3.00 to $5.00 each. Carniolans, same price as
Italians. Try them. We sell nuclei and full colo-
nies. Bees in separate yards. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. Send all orders to

J. W. TAYLOR & SON. Beevllle, Bee Co., Texas.

Your Order for (Queens

Will be promptly filled. We can supply both
tested and untested Itilian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens,?!. 00
each; Untested Queens, "Scents; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20Atf LoREAUViLLK, Iberia Pa., La.

MINNESOTA QUEENS

Nothing Better. Try Them.

Three-band and Golden Italians.
\Vf warrant nur liees free
troiii disease nf any kind,
and guarantee sate arrival
of an (jueens. We want
your orders and will lili
them promptly on and af-
ter June 1st. at 75 cts. un-
tested, and $1.:;5 for tested
uf tMthcr strain. A postal
will briiifi- you a circular.
Send vnur orders to

MENNIE & FENTON,

Pine Island, Minnesota.

ftnoel'sGolden Beauties

AND Hlb

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A finet
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for Si.SO. Have bad 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. AddresSf

SAnUEL n. ANQEL

American l^ee Journal

Mwarx

20A13t

R.R. No. 1, EVANSVILLE, Iajd.

HERE IS YOUR CHANCE

Select Italian Queens by the hundreds after July
15. Virgins, l to 5 days old, st}c;tloz., t^. Untesteii.
60c; duz., $7. Tested, $1. 2-frame nucleus, $:i; full
colony. $10. Big crops of honey prove the stock.
Cash with orders.

8E0. H. REA, Maplewood Apiary, R. 2. Reynoldsville, Pa.

1907-

Don't

Close

a Deal

for any

Digger

Until You

Try the
0. K.

PATENT
APPLIED FOR

If you're
going to buy
a digger you
want the best
digger built. We're going to help
you get it and prove to you that it
is the best before you buy it.

We propose to ship you one of
our 1907 O. K. Potato Diggers and
give you an opportunity to test it
thoroughly on your own farm.

See for yourself just what it
will do for you.

If it backs up our claims it is
certainly ahead of any other dig-
ger ever devised.

Will You Try It? Write today

for full information and our free

' trial plan — don't close a deal

for anybody's digger until you

givetheO. K. atrial.

Try It

at Our

Expense

Write
Today
For Our

FREE TRIAL
OFFER

D. Y. HALLOCK

& SONS,

Box 828, York, Pa.

THE PRAIRIE STATE BROODER

If you have not
investigated the
Prairie State Brooder No. 5 you ought to
gel busy because it is one of the most sat- _
isfactorybro-.ders ever made. It is portable making it desirable for use in any

No.

A Spring^ Summer or Winter
Brooder House

isfactorv broitders ever made, ^i .- t-v......,.- ^ o ■- ---

kind or a poultry house or as a colony house on the open range without any change-
BeinB enclosed (see cut) it can be used as
an indiviilual lamp brooder in colder
localities than the plain Universal Hover
can be alone. Top is covered with a re-
movable Cloth Screen instantly changing
it from a winter to a summer brooder-
Hoverlifts out making it easy to clean-
Consumes but little oil; supplies abun-
dant ventilation even in hottest weather:
top affords sun shade. We can't tell all
its good features here—

Get Our Brooder
Catalog

showing it in several forms and describ-
ing its raaiiv useful adaptations. With
the No. 5 chicks <'an be raised during
June and Julv unusuallv successful. We
will also ^rl;i.llv mail our 1907 incubator
catalogwhich lells why the Prairie Htiit'-
hatches extra lartje, strong chicks with
greater ease and certainty.

Prairie State Incubator Co.,

522 M«IN STREET HOMER CITY, PA.

5

No. 5 Brooder with side removed

July, 1907.

605

American "Bee Journal j¥^ w.

Well-Bred Queens

Will greatly increase the yield of honey. Aai
now taking orders for CooK'w Solect-
Itretl <(■■«*<•■■» — to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

Cook*M N<|iiare Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most saoitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of HiTea, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YOKK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.

17Al3t Mention the Bee Journal

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Hrig'ht Golden and 3banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing'order? which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; t. for $3.35, or 12 for $6 5o. Tested, $1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Younp Queen
afer June 1, $2.U0 GEO. W. BARNES.

lSA26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

3-Banded Italian Queens

J. p. Moore or my own strain. My apiary
Is stocked with thousands of choice drones
that are not kin to my breeding queens.

Queens, $1 each; dozen, $10

I guarantee satisfaction, and superior
honey-gatherers. W. M. Parrish,

23Atf R. R. No. 8. Lawrence, Kan.

In the Heart of Michigan

Did you know that within one hundred miles of me are over three-
fourths of the bee-keepers of MichiKan? Are you one of them? If
so you will find it to your advantaiic to write fcjr my new cataloir.
A full line of Rout's Goods at Koot's Factory Prices, filil ton's double-
walled hives are used more than any otner in my State. It has stood
the test of thirty years. . . I ship goods promptly.

Wholesale (;r retail. . Cash or exchange for beeswa.\ at all times.

George E. Hilton

Fremont, Michigan

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
poried stock. All Queetis
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .7.S

" Tested Queen .<«)

" Select Tested Queen 1.10

" Breeder Queen ].i}5

" Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 80

" Untested Caucasian

Queen ].25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen ]./,•>

Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and description of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.

HONEY m BEESWAX 1 Because You

When consigning, liuying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

Bre-NuppliRH and Berry.Hoxes

Lewis B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
tOKether, send me Mat of goods wanted, and let me
quote you prices, I giye the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for Catalog.

6Etf W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg, Iowa.

HARVESTER cuts and
throws in piles on harves-
ter or windrows. Man and
horse cuts equal with a
corn binder. Price $15.

Circulars free, showing Harvester at work.

NLW PROCtSS MfG. CO., Salina. Kjnsjs

ANEW BEE-SUPPLY HOUSE

— ^AT LITTLE ROCK. ARK.— ^—

I am prepared to furnish you the best of bee-
supplies, manufactured by The A. I. Root Co.
Let me send you my catalog of bee-keepers'
supplies. Also have for sale the very best
strain Italian queens and nuclei or full col-
onies. Satisfaction guaranteed.

TY. J, I.ITTLEFIEJLD,

CORN

APONS PAY

Capons are cheaper and easier *
raised, bring doable price on
the market. Caponizing i 3
easy, and soon learned. Set prepaid with
•'easv to use" directions, $"J.50. Capon
book' free, tells how. Write for It today.

Need
The Money

It's your business and if yon don't

attend to it, who will? You cannot 1
afford to keep cows for fun. That isn't j
busint-s.-i, and, furthermore, it isn't \
neces^tarv. There is money in cow '
keepini; if you go at it right, and be-
Bides thiTo is more fun In going at It
right tliHQ there is in staying wrong.

G PPilling&SonCo..

Arch St.. Philadelphia. Pa.

You need a Tubular Cream Sepa-

rator because it will make money Tor j
you: because It eaves labor; because f
It saves time; because It means all the
difference between cow proflta and
cow losses.

Li'Mk into this matter; see what a
Tubular will do for vnu and buy one
becan^e you need it.

How would you like our book j
"Bu-siaess Dairying"] and our catalog f
B. :ii'.A'oth free. Write for them.

The Sharpies Separator Co.

West Chester, Pa.
Toronto* Can. Chicago, 111.

MONE.YI
A GOOD

S9

••Vulcanite

is that Roofing

ft

ON IT'S
MERITS

long ago won for itself the repu-
tation of being the .Best Ready
Rooting known. Realizing the
value of this reputation, we have
always endeavored to maintain it,
not only by keeping strictly up to
the original high standard, but by
contantly striving to improve it in
every possible way. Requires no
annual painting. Samples and
"Roll of Information" FREE.

Patent Vulcanite Roofing Co.,

Department s,
626-59 S.Campbell Ave., Chicago.Ill.

SPINWALL

4- 'ROW

SPRAYER

^ Likearaow-
' ing machine,
-has its work-
ing parts or
spray noz-
zels in front where they can be
seen. Don't strain your neck and
eyes with a rear spray. High pres-
sure: Brass lined pump: Ball valves:
Wider range of adjustment than any
other sprayer made. Booklet free.
ASPINWALL MFG. CO. .
283SabinSt., Jackaon, Mich.

606

July, 1907.

American Hee Journal

TENNESSEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Toogue. or my own. Goldens from
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.
^ After April 1.5th.

Italians Before Julu 1st

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested..

i .75
100

1.50
200

6

12

« 4 00$ 7.50
5 OOl 9 00
SOOl 15.00

After Julu 1st : GflRNIOLflNS

.60

.75

1.25

10 001 IS 00 ' 1.50

6

13

83 25lf 6 00l
4.25i 8,00!
6 50i 12.00:
S.OOJ 15 00!

S .85

1 10
1.60
2.10

6

?4 50
5 50
8.50

10.50

« 8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

CftUGflSlftNS

1

6

5 .95]* 5.00
1.20 6 00
1.70 9 00
2.20| 11.00

Its

$8 50
10 00
16 01)
19 00

Straight 5-baDd Golden Breeders SIO.OO

Select Golden Breeders 3 00

" 3-band " ,,[[ 3.00

" Carniolan " 3.10

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6.00

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Coutracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
sen in this seot'^n

iTA4t 2,Dtf JOHN M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM ^ Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

CLEAN *^~T^B Chas. Dadant A Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker we

BEE SMOKER C^k § recommend above all others.

w. S. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smold-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio — The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use 1.10—3)^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00—3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90—23^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Or'g-inal Bin^bam & Hetheriagton Uacapping-Knife.

T. F. BINOHflitt. Farwell, Midi.

Patented May 20,1870. BEST ON EARTH.

Now is the Time to Order Your

BEE-SUPPLIES

i ^

^

AND SAVE MONEY

It will cost you only one cent for a postal-card to get our delivered
prices on Oovetailed Hives, Sections, Section-Holders,
Separators, Urood-Franies, Foundation, Smokers, Ex-
tractors, Shipping-Cases, etc. It may mean a saving to you of
many dollars. It is the natural advantage we have over others that enables us to
caake you the Best Price. There are no better goods than ours, and we GUAR-
ANTEE SATISFACTION or REFUND your MONET.

We MANUFACTURE and keep in stock all standard Bee-Goods, and can
ship promptly.

Minnesoy Dee-Keepers' Suppiu Go.

JOHN DOLL & SON, Proprietors,
Nicollet Island, No. 33. MINNEAPOLiIS, MINN.

(It

In every country tue snccessfnl adyertiser is tlie continnons advertiser."

g We will Buy and
I Sell

IHONET

^^

of the different grades and kinds.

If you have any to dispose of, or if
SJI you intend to buy, correspond
^^ with us.
^S We are always in the market

i Beeswax

KM at highest market prices.

J Hildreth & 5egell<en

265 & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

01 IFFNS Caucasians.! aliens, Cyprians
\1%JC,CI^^ and Carniolans

Price8 in May and June: Caucaemn— one extra
best select breedins Queen. $.3.U) (me best imported
direct from Caucasus, $4 5(i. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolana: One best extra select breed-
ing. $2.ih); one best imported, best Italian or Carni-
olan Queen, $J.,'iO. Cyprian; one extra best select '
breeding. $-',h»; one best imported direct from
Cyprus. $3.50. Prices in ,TuIy. Aupust and Septem-
ber, 5u cents less tban in May and June. Special
prices for .511 and HX) Qn^^ens. Caucasian, Italian
Cyprian, and Carniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal monev orders, Qu^ns
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia, Ceylon. India, etc., $1 more.
e. HAUNSCHII D. the Queen-Breeder,

20Ai;it Weissbach b. Pulsnitz. i.Sa., Germany.

i^oncy anb

I Chicago, July s.— Verv little honev of the ^ield
; of lifOT has come on this market. What there has
in the way of white comb has sold readilv at 16c
per pound. There is no call for other tirades at
the present time. Very little ileniand for es-
traett'd. and a tendency n<it to take it at over 7c
for the best grades of white. Beeswax continues
to sell well at ai'c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, June 2.5.— This hot weather has
come on us so suddenly that it has stopped the
sale of comb honey entirely, and extracted honey
has been moving- very slowlv the last lu davs.
We quote: Extracted honev, ilark, in barrels, 6
to 7c; light extracted honey, in barrels, 7 to Sc: in
fiU-Jb. cans, according to qualitv and quantity.
Beeswax, i(Oc.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. W'si. A. Selser.

Toledo, July 9.— Owing: to thescareeness of the
honey crop, and there being^none in the market,
there is practically no price to be made on it.
Htiwever. fancy white comb honev, new crop,
would brinj? loc to n;c in a retail Way ; No. 1, 14c
to 15c. Extracted, white clover, in barrels, would
probably brinjr tit- tt. H'-^u ; amber, .i to 5^c. Bees-
wax is plentiful at We tn lNc.

The Grujgs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Denver, July n.— Old comb honev, or last sea-
son's crop of comb honey, has been entirelv
cleaned up in this market for several weeks and
new crop has not arrived yet. There is no change
in the situation of extracted honev, and we have
a good supplv to meet the b>car demand. Our
prices are tih to 7i« for lig^ht amber, and ~^ to SH
for white, per pound. We pav from Ji to 26 cents
for clean yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colorado Honey-Prodccers' Association.

New York. July H.— A fair demand for white
comb honey, with verv little supplv ; fancv stock
.selling at l.i to Ific, No. 1 at VS to l4c, No. 2 at 12c.
N"t demand whatsoever for dark honev at this
time of the year. Good demand for nearly all

July, 1907.

American Hee Joarnalj

^-.i*

f,o7

-^j^tpl

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

will be found In

The-

American Bee -Keeper
For 1907

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of tlio
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no nior(^ practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year, One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE fV.T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years.]

FOR SALE

1000 sixty-pound CANS. A No. 1 condition,
packed two in a case. Cases also first-class.
Will fell them cheap.

MichiQan White Glover Honeu Go.

24A4t

29 Woodbridge St., West,

DETROIT, MICH.

Western Bee- Keepers sIow^o«

how to save mooey. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THK COLORADO DONEY PROHLCEaS' ASS'S, Denver. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Journal.

grades of extracted honey, and we quote Califor-
nia white at Sto H^-^c, light amber at 7 to T^-.c. am-
ber at fiijc per pound. New oroii from the South
brings from 58 Co 6.ic pergallon in barrels, aecorrl-
ingto quality; strictly fancy will bring as high
as 70 to 75c per gallon. The market on the Pacifie
Coast seema to be unsettleti. and iiriees fluctuati-
more or less. West India honev is arriving in
fair quantities right along, and sells at from r.s to
fi2c per gallon. Beeswax is somewhat weaker,
although choice stock still finds ready sale at 'Ml

to :ilC. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.

Cincinnati, July s.— The market on fancy comb
honey and white chiver extracted is entirely ex-
hausted. W^ quote light amber in barrels at 3-'4c
and fie ; in cans Ic per lb. higher. We are selling
beeswax at 32c per lb. Market dull.

C. H. W. Weber.

Indianapolis, July S.— There is a good demand
for fancj' white comb honey and best grades of
extracted honey, but at this writing the market
is practically bare. Evi<lently a new scale of

6 rices will be establisheil on arrival of new crop.
eeswax is plentiful and in fair <lemand, selling
here at $3.'> per lOU lbs. Walter S. Pouder.

Kansas City, June 2k.— We have received a few
shipments of new honey which sold on arrival at
$3.50 for L'4-section cases ; market is almost bare
of comb honey, and shipments would sell readilv.
We (juote : No. 1 whitecomb,in L'4-section cases,
t3.50 ; No. 2 white and amber coml>, $2.75 to $3.uo ;
white extracted, 8c ; amber, 7c. Beeswax, L*5 to
30c. C. C. Clemons & Oo.

Cincinnati, July 3.— The demand fur extracted
honey does not come up to expectations, which
is probably due l(» the lateness of the season.
Quotations range about the same as published
recently. Amber in barrels at -i^-jc to t>^4c, ac-
cording ti» qualitv. Fancy white extracted honey
In crates of two ty)-ih. cans, at 9c. .\s yet, there is
no new c-omli honey on the market. We are pay-
ing 2XC, delivered here, for choice yellow bees-
wax free from dirt. The Fred W. Muth Co.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1907 NOW ON HAND.

Freight Rates From

CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as almost all freight now goes through
Cincinnati. Prompt Service is what
I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same.
You will save money buying from me.

LET ME BOOK ORDER FOR

QUEENS

bred in separate apiaries, the GOLDEN
YELLOWS, CARNIOLANS, and CAUCASIANS.

FOR PRICES, REFER TO MY CATALOG, PAGE 29.

C. H.W.WEBER "SLir

Office tnd Salesrooms, 2U6r48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Wanted-Comb Honey

Write us when you have any to offer

WE PAY THE DAY SHIPMENT ARRIVES

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

51 Walfvut Street. CINCINNATI, OHIO

608

July, 1907.

Bee-Supplies

Perfect Goods

Loyff Prices

A CUSTOMER ONCE. A CUSTOMER ALWAYS.

Now is the time for you to buy your Eee-Supplies. We manufaLture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail,
Langstroth, Alternating, and the Massie Hives— we make all of them. Remember that half the work and
worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods. Every one knows the advantage of a good,
substantial hive; the quality of material and workmanship in our hives is not excelled by any other make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is practical, and when you once give our
goods a trial you will have none other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the' season's
supplies. Have you received our new 1907 catalog? If not, write for it at once. You cannot fail to
understand how to order just what you want from our Catalog; it is the easiest to understand that you ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates; tell us what you want.

Kretchmer Mfg. Co,, Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. llth St., Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

YEAR

NO 26

^M# *^

AUGUST

I907

■*

^- LI

r^

1-

r^^

n

1

rl«S:

.ei

^.

American ^ee Joarnal

Contents for August, 1907

PUHLISHKH MONTHLY HV

GEORGE YV. YORK OCONPAINY

118 W.Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
25 cents a year, in the United states of America,
; except Ciiicago, where it is M cents), and Mexico;
in Canada 35 cents; and in all other countries in
the Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-L.4BEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid For in.stance. " decOT " on your label shows
that it is paid to the end of December, luu..

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS. -We do not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscriptipn,
but change the date on your wrapper-label, which
showis that the money has been received and
credited.

fldvertislng Rate, per flgate Line, lOc.

14 lines make cue inch.
Nothing less than % inch accepted.

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

lgt__Xo promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riahts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
booey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manaeer and Treasurer-

N. E. France, PlalteviUe, Wis.

tW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Honey as a Health-Food.- This is a 16-
page honey-pamphlet intended to help in-
crease the demand for honey. The hrst
part of it contains a short articleon 'Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C. C. Miller It
tells where to keep honey, how to li.cjuefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to Honey-
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey. It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey, the more honey they will buy.

Prices. prepaid-Sample copy for a2-cent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents ; 100 for $1.25;
2.50 for 12.25 : 500 for J4.0U : or 1000 for $7..50.
Your business card printed free at the bot-
tom of front page on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to theofhce
of the American Bee Journal.

Illustrations—

A Mountain Apiary 1st Page

Hot- Water Wax-Press 632

New Way (The) 625

OldWay(The) 625

Ruakura State Apiary, New Zealand- ■ 617
StoUey, William 621

Editorial Notes and Comments —

Beet versus Cane Sugar 614

Dual Introduction of Virgin Queens. •■ 613

Fastening a Queen-Cell in a Hive 613

Prices of 1907 Honey 613

Where Do the Field-Bees Deposit
Their Loads ? 614

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Apiarian Photographs 615

Bee-Keeping in New Zealand 617

Books for Bee-Keepers 615

California Bee-Ranches 615

Death of a New York Bee-Keeper 614

Definition of Honey.. 616

Fair Apiarian E.xhibits 616

" Forty Years Among the Bees" 617

From a Weekly to a Monthly 614

German " A B C of Bee-Culture " 615

Getting New Subscriptions. 616

Labeling Honey for Market 615

Opportunities of Today 617

Post-Master Bee-Keeper 615

Remarkably Late Season 614

Size of Cells in Foundation 633

Subscription Credits 615

The Bee-Man (poem) 615

Wisconsin State Inspector's Report ■ • 632

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters—

H ybrid Bees vs. Italians — 617

Some Sounds of the Bee 618

Contributed Articles—

Apiarian Progress 619

Demand for Propolis 623

From Foreign Fields, With Notes 622

Parcels Post and Technical High

Schools 620

Spring Stimulative Feeding of Bees-- 623

" 'Tis Sixty Years Ago " 619

Transferring Bees from Box-Hives — 619

Visit to a Nebraska Bee-Keeper 621

Under Cross-Examination on Matters

Apiarian 624

Southern Beedom—

Against Handling the Bees During the
Honey-Flow - 624

Keeping Colonies Always Strong 624

Work for Improvement 625

Canadian Beedom—

Another Poor Honey Season 625

Heavy Loss of Bees 626

Making Increase by Dividing Colonies 626

Methods of Rendering Beeswax 626

Requeening Colonies 626

Beedom Boiled Down—

Alexander Plan for Weak Colonies 628

Annual Renewal of Combs 627

Automobiles Condemned 627

Bee-Moth a Good Thing— In Some Re-
spects 628

Big Price for Honey in South Africa... 628

Carbolic Acid for Swarms 627

Controlling Queen-Fertilization 627

Cow with a .Sweet Tooth 628

Dead-Beat Honey-Buyers 627

Deep Tank for Clearing Honey 627

Foot-Room When Uncapping or Ex-
tracting 628

Give the Bees Their Share 628

Hardiness of Golden Bees 628

Jarring Embryo Queens 627

Moth-Infested Skep 627

Poor Consolation 628

Prevention of Sagging 628

Putting Empty Supers Over Full Ones 628

Testing for Honey-Gathering 627

Washington State Commission Law... 628

Doctor Miller's Question-Box—

Balled Queens 629

Bees Don't Work in Supers 629

Dividing Colonies 628

Introducing Queens 628

Italian Bees and Yellow Bands 629

Jumbo and Dadant-Blatt Hives 629

Late-Reared Queens — 629

Nucleus and Swarming-Questions 629

Putting on Sections 628

Queen and Nuclei Questions 630

.Storing Honey Near the Apiary 629

Wintering Virgin Queens 629

Reports and Experiences-

Air-Slacked Lime for Robber-Bees 630

Bee-Keeping Children 631

Bees Hauling Out Drones 631

Bees Outdoing Themselves 630

Bees Storing in Supers. 631

Bees Wintered Badly 630

Bees Working Well. 631

Booming on Clover 631

Fine Honey-Country. 631

He Has Bee-Fever 631

Hope for a Fair Crop 631

Light Honey-Flow 630

Light Honey-Flow in Mexico 630

Not a Big Crop Expected 631

Nucleus Method of Increase 631

Pecos Valley Country 630

Poor Spring for Bees 631

Season So Far 631

Two Queens Laying in Same Hive 631

3-Bandecl Italian Bees

The best all-around bees on earth. My
stock is composed of selections from my
own strain of 3-banded Italians that were
awarded diploma at the Pan-American Ex-
position, and The A. I. Root Co. clover stock.

Tested queens, $1.00: select tested queens,
$1 50: fair breeding queens, $3.00: e.xtra-select
breeders. $5.00-ready to go promptly. Un-
tested queens. 75c: select untested queens.
$1.00-ready early in March, \ours for a
prosperous 1907,

W. 0. VICTOR,

Queen Specialist, HONDO, TEXAS

Alention Bee Journal Tvhen writing.

Successful Poultry Journal

FR-iVNK liELK, Editor

Subscription Price 50 cents p_er Year.

Write for Advertising Kates.

The most prominent, successful and praetiral pmi]-
tryinen writeforthe Successful Poultry Jomiuil. and
tell how they build their houses, mate their I'-iwIs,
niamiKe their incubators, feed both young and .ild —
and, in fact, tt-ll how they succeed and iiiakf niMij.-y.
Send for sjiuiple copy.

Successful Poultry Journal

3.iS Dearhoin St,. CHICAGO, ILU

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen TTXltlng',

EngravinSs For Sale

We are accnmulating' quite a stock of emgrav-
ings that have been used in the American Bee
Jonraal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and nsing^ in our columns. If there is auy
of our eugraving-s that any one would like tc
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. TORE & CO.

CHICAGO, ILI#
Mention Bee Journal ^rhen Trrlting'.

August, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

BEE # POUI.TRY SUPPLIES

Bee-HiVfB, Honey-Boxes, Veils, Smokers, Incubators, Urooders, Etrg-Food, etc. Every-
thing; neeiliMl for the " Husy Hee " anil the " IniiiistriouK Flun." Prompt sliipirients.

LEWIS' FAMOUS BEE-WARE. LEE'S POPULAR PRODUCTS FOR POULTRY

Catalog for either, with instructions to beeinners — !''ree.

2,Atf C. M. SCOTT CO. 1005 E. Wash. St., Indianapolis, Ind.

PURE ITALIAN BEES FOR SALE

Full colonies, in up-to-date hives; Nuclei and
choice Queens.

Hersliiser Wax-Press an<l other Lewis
Bee-Supplies. Good Goods and Prompt
Shipment.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

BS^ »$end tor list «t Sliffhlly Mani-
aged 4]iood!!> to Melect troiii al Kediiced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. Not ma

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPBRIOR St. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t PleaBe mention thp H^^ Tnnrnal

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $leach; Tested Queens, $2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

QUEENS FOR YOU

'•olden, Carniolan, Caucasian, and ^-baod
Italians — your choice. I'rlces: Untested, 7.5c;
TeBted, $1.00. Prices on large quantities oron
Bees given on application. Address,

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARINB CO.
JOMN W. PHARK, Prop.. Berclalr, Texas.
12Atf Please mention the Bee Jonroal,

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practlcallj Inde-
Btrnctible, and elvin^ entirely satlsfactorj re-
sults. Comb loandation made easily and
?nlckly at less than half the cost of buying
rom the dealers. Price of Press (or L. frame
8heet8,l2.(i0. Other sues, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press makini; the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN OETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

-,?«>

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON
TOOLS

6. P Piilms&SonCo,

':i|'uni/-in;4 is eusy -soon
leartied. Complete outtll
with free Instructions
l.ostpaid $2.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 2Se
Poultry Marker ^

iF'rench Killing KnIfs.SJtf

[Capon Hook Free.

Arcb8t.,Pluiadal;tai£. Ak

IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK

That covers thewhr»Ie A]>icultural Field
more completely' than any other pub-
lished, send $].-M to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Gal.,

-FOH HIS —

"BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE"

l-iheral I>isrountsto tlie Tra<ie.

If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder.

Established 1889

We not only handle Bee-Supplies but we put up the finest grades of Honey, Beeswax and Nut-Butter.
Believing that bee-keepers will be interested in the Nut-Butter proposition, especially when they can
buy Pouder Quality at the following wholesale prices, we have decided to submit the following.

Nut=Butter

ADE from finest grade of
number one hand-pick-
ed peanuts. We do our
own roasting, our own
blanching and our own
hand-picking. Our improved
blancher not only removes the
skins from the nut, but it splits
the nut and removes the
sprout, which is claimed by
some to be bitter. We have
the best machinery that can
be had, operated by electric
power, and our f.-icilities are
such that we have always a strictly fresh article
to offer, and yet nut-butter does not become rancid
like other butters. We do not add salt or a particle

of anything foreign. Our product is simply the nut
emulsified in its owu oil. Nut-butter is rich in
nutriment and health-making qualities. Nut-butter
is a delicious and economical health-food, the most
popular of all nut-foods, due to its rich and sweet
flavor, its good keeping qualities, and its moderate
cost.

Wholesale Prices

25-ceht jars, per dozen $2.20

20-cent jars, per dozen l.so

10-cent jars, per dozen 90

All goods carefully boxed for shipment.

If you wish to purchase finest white clover extracted
honey in 5-gallon cans, write for my monthly quota-
tions of the Indianapolis honey market.

Every bee-keeper should have my free catalog of
Bee-.Supplies.

\U^ft\\fkf C Poiifld* s*3-s'^ ^^^^^"^^"^^"^ ^^®""®

INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

[Mr. Pouder's Nut-Butter is fine.— Editor American Bee Journal.]

August, 1907.

American Haa Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

S.A.SH:, 3DOOP2.S, BLIHSTIDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

BJSTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.
The A. I. Root Co. ,

Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S— 10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so— called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum without sacrificing' quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetnmpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calitornia

•Fresno Madarj Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey. Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fraita.. .'. ..Fruita l^'ruit and Produce Ass'u
Uistrict ol Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

(jjeorgfia

Savannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
IIlinoi»$

Chicago The A. L Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

Evansvllle Vickery Bros.

loffa

Des Moines JosephNysewander

Kansas
Augusta ■ Carl F. Buck

* These dealers

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co .

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch M.H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
Missouri

High Hill ... . Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

IXe-w Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

l^e-w' York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

buy our goods in carload lots but supplement them with

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesvllle E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

P ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

bgden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

local-made goods.

THE A. L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered as second-claas mail-matter at the Chicago, 111., Post-Odlce.;
Published Monthly at. Soots, a Year, by George W. York & Co., IIH W.Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, AUGUST, 1907

VoL XLVII— No, 28

editorial Mote
and Commenfs

Prices of 1907 Honey

There is now every indication that the
crop of honey of 1907 is to be a very
light one. Every bee-keeper who has a
surplus to sell should recognize the fact
of a shortage and not foolishly give
honey away, that is, sell it at too low a
price. There will be no need of it.
Honey, evidently, is to be honey this
year. And now that pure-food laws
are getting in their good work, there
is no valid reason why any first-class
honey put on the market this fall
shouldn't bring a good price. Fruit is
scarce, and consequently high in price —
in fact, practically all food-stuffs are
going up, so why should not honey
take its proper place in the market quo-
tations?

Some think that No. i, first-class,
white extracted honey can be sold this
year at 10 cents a pound at wholesale,
and other kinds accordingly.

Our caution is that those who have
any honey for sale this season do not
be in a hurry to dispose of it, and
perhaps fool away what little they have.
If a fair price is not asked, it surely will
not be secured. Some wholesale dealers
are already quoting best white extracted
honey at 9 cents a pound. If bee-keep-
ers will but hold on to their honey a
little while, it would seem that they
should be able to realize a better price
for it — more nearly what it is worth.

Fastening a Queen-Cell In a Hive

When a queen-cell is given to a nu-
cleus, it is generally fastened on a cen-
tral part of one of the combs. This is
done, even if the cell be cut from the
same comb and fastened on again, for
bees are quite likely to build queen-

cells on the edges of the combs, where
they are kept warm enough in a strong
colony, but ' are in danger of being
chilled in a nucleus. The instruction
formerly was to cut with the cell a
wedge-shaped piece of the comb, then
cut a like-shaped hole in the comb and
insert the cell. An easier way is to lay
the cell directly against the surface of
the comb and fasten it there with a hive-
staple. Let the cell be at one end of the
staple, and press the other leg of the
staple deep into the comb.

Here is still another way that can be
used only with self-spacing frames :
Lay one of the brood-combs on its side
and lay the cell upon it. Lay upon
this another comb, take hold of both
together by the top-bars and set them
in the hive. Of course, the cell with
the adhering part of comb must be suf-
ficiently large to be slightly pinched by
the opposing sides of the 2 combs.

This last way is especially good for
putting a queen-cage in a hive.

Dual Introduction of Virgin Queens

Up to the time when each young queen
must have a separate domicil, the rear-
ing of queens is a comparatively inex-
pensive matter. A large number of cells
may be started in succession by a queen-
less colony, and, when fairly started, if
they are placed over a colony with a lay-
ing queen, an excluder between, the
work of feeding and sealing will pro-
ceed satisfactorily. The expensive part
comes when each virgin insists on a
separate establishment. A queen may
lay when she is 8 days old, especially
in a strong colony, but in a nucleus it is
oftener 12 than 8, and if this time can
be shortened it is important.

1 he plan of Editor Root, of having 2
virgins in a nucleus at the same time,
practically accomplishes this shortening.
Into a colony having a free virgin a
caged virgin is put, in a provisioned
introducing-cage, but so arranged that
the bees can not get at the candy to lib-
erate the virgin. When the free virgin
becomes a laying queen, she is removed,
the covering is taken from the candy so
the bees can liberate the caged virgin,
and at the same time another caged vir-
gin is put in the nucleus.

Thus each time a laying queen is tak-
en from the nucleus a fresh caged queen
is put in, there being always 2 queens
in the nucleus. A virgin is 5 days old,
or older, before she flies out to be
mated, and the economy comes in hav-
ing her spend a good part of this 5
days in a cage instead of occupying the
whole attention of a nucleus.

The question that can be raised in ob-
jection is whether a queen is just as
well ofif imprisoned in a cage as when
at full liberty. One would be inclined
to think not ; but those who have prac-
tised the method say they can see no
difference occasioned by the imprison-
ment, and if any harm could come of it
one would suppose that some one would
have said so before this. Moreover,
it is the custom of the bees themselves
to practise this imprisoning to a certain
extent. When a strong colony sends
forth a prime swarm, a number of young
queens mature in the cells, and if the
ear be applied to the hive the evening
before the second swarm is to issue, a
number of young queens may be heard
quahking in response to the piping of
the tirst emerged one. All these qualik-
ing queens are held prisoners in their
colls, and this imprisonment may last a
considerable time, especially if bad
weather occurs to delay swarming. G.
M. Doolittle tells of one case in which
a young queen was laying w-ithin 3 days
after leaving her cell, having been kept
in her cell by the workers during a spell
of bad weather. It would seem no worse
to imprison a virgin in a cage than in a
cell. Indeed, the advantage should be
on the side of the cage, which allows
greatly more liberty than the cell.

On the whole, it would seem that
dual introduction of virgin queens has
much to commend it.

August, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

Where do the Field-Bees Deposit
Their Loads?

On another page of this number will
be found a communication from our
good friend of "the land o' cakes," D. M.
Macdonald. If he is right in his sup-
position that no one should have misun-
derstood any of his condensed state-
ments, then all is well, and nothing more
is to be said upon that subject.

He will pardon, however, a brief re-
joinder with regard to the matter of
honey, or nectar, being deposited in the
brood-nest or brood-chamber and after-
ward carried up into the super.

No, Mr. Macdonald, your "impossible"
was not misunderstood, but was under-
stood just as you intended it to mean—
the cells being already filled it was "im-
possible" to use them for storing the
nectar brought in from the field. If your
premise was correct, your "impossible"
was a legitimate deduction. The point at
issue now is whether 'the nectar that
mav be shaken out of a brood-frame at
a time wheji bees are gathering is mere-
ly "a small percentage with unsealed
honey * * * for the nurse-bees," or
whether all the honey brought in by
the fielders is first deposited in the
brood-chamber.

As one shakes a brood-comb and notes
the amount of thin honey thrown out.
it hardly seems possible that it could
all be needed for the immediate wants
of the nurse-bees. On the other hand,
it must be frankly admitted that when
one takes comb after comb out of the
brood - chamber, and notes how well
filled they are, one hesitates to believe
that there is room in them to deposit
the gathering of a day when that gath-
ering amounts to S, lo, or more pounds.
But we have it on the word of so care-
ful an observer as G. M. Doolittle that
such is the case, and if Mr. Macdonald
is willing to accept him as proof on one
point, why not on another?

Plainly, however, there is a contra-
diction between the day's gathering be-
ing deposited in the brood-chamber, and
the combs being "literally filled with
brood." But was not that last meant by
Mr. Doolittle to be understood as a very
emphatic statement rather than to be
understood that every single cell in ev-
ery comb was filled with brood? It is
a common thing to speak of frames filled
with brood, but did any one ever see
a frame in which every single cell was
filled with brood? Mr. Doolittle is not
ignorant that many cells are occupied
with pollen, and certainly such cells
could not be filled with brood. Would
Mr. Doolittle mean to have a thing un-
derstood that he knew to be "impossi-
ble"?

But we will not discuss the matter fur-
ther at present; merely rest upon the
statement of Mr. Doolittle that the field-
bees deposit their loads in the brood-
chamber ; and leave it to each of the
two gentlemen to convince the other that
he is mistaken; and may the truth win.

bought by bee-keepers it is quite the
common thing to find in that. Journal
advertisements of pure cane sugar. On
this side, the matter has hardly seemed
worth considering". Granulated sugar
is largely from beets; it is not easy to
get sugar that one can be sure is cane —
indeed, practically impossible for the
average bee-keeper — and, moreover, an-
alysis shows that chemically the two
sugars are precisely the same, so where's
the use to bother? It may be no harm,
however, to note what the British Bee
Journal has to say in support of its
views. On page 208 is found the fol-
lowing:

It is quite true that "beet-sugar" is
chemically identical with cane-sugar,
and in a laboratory can be produced
pure; but it is most difficult to purify
beet-sugar in such a manner as to get
rid of all the potash salts. It is the
presence of these that makes beet-su-
gar so liable to fermentation, and causes
the general complaint among house-
keepers that preserves do not keep so
well as they used to before the intro-
duction of sugar made from beet-root.
Cane-sugar is free from these salts,
hence its freedom from fermentation.
Much of the beet-sugar is also artificially
colored with aniline dyes. Referring to
the complaint that cane-sugar is high-
er in price than beet, the difference is
more than compensated for by its great-
er sweetening power. Chemists find
that cane-sugar gives a clearer and
sweeter syrup than that made from beet-

root, the clearness being due to its
greater purity. Beet-sugar also varies
very much, and if it were chemically
pure sugar it might be admissible ; but
in commerce it is not so, and we do
not consider it fit for bee-food. There
are many things chemically identical that
we should not consider fit substitutes.
For instance, sawdust, is chemically the
same, both qualitatively and quantita-
tively, as corn-flour, but one would
hardly care to have bread, however
cheap, made from sawdust. Nor would
we like our butcher to send us a piece
of leather instead of a beef-steak, al-
though the composition is chemically al-
most identical. Cane-sugar comes next
to honey as a bee-food, and even were
it considerably dearer than it now is.
we should consider it more economical
in every way for bee-keepers to use it
in preference to beet sugar. We have had
practical experience that bad wintering
was frequently due to feeding bees with
beet-sugar, and therefore can not recom-
mend it.

After reading the foregoing, we may
well ask the question whether we might
not be the gainers to adopt the views
of our British brethren. If there is only
a little difference in the wholesomeness
of the two sugars, it would be well
worth while to be to no small amount
of trouble, if we must feed sugar, to
make sure of the better. Certainly, if
there is a sufficient demand guaranteed
cane-sugar can be had. The only ques-
tion is whether bee-keepers demand it.

0)l5cellaneou^
flews If cms

A Remarkably Late Season

After an unusually warm spell in
March, the weather seemed to be in no
hurry to warm up, and some report the
white-honey harvest nearly a month
later in opening than usual, in north-
ern Illinois white clover not beginning
to yield till the last of June.

Beet Versus Cane-Sugar

For years the British Bee Journal has
insisted that cane-sugar is greatly su-
perior to beet-sugar as bee-food, and in
the season when sugar is likely to be

Death of a New York Bee-Keeper

Mr. David J. West, of Middleburgh,
N. Y., son of Mr. N. D. West, so well
known to bee-keepers of that State, died
July 15, as a result of a runaway horse
that was frightened at an automobile.
Mr. West was only 25 years of age, and
leaves a wife and baby daughter. He
was an exemplary young man, honored
and beloved by all who knew him. The
.American Bee Journal, to which Mr.
West was an occasional contributor, ex-
tends sincerest sympathy to the bereaved
families.

From a Weekly to a Monthly

As we have received some letters re-
ferring to the change in the American

Bee Journal from a weekly to a month-
ly, we thought it might be well to give
a sample of each kind that have come.
Here is one favoring the change :

Dear Friend York : — I have wanted
to write to you and extend my congratu-
lations and best wishes ever since I
heard of the change in the Journal. The
only fault I ever found with it was that
it was a "weekly," for a busy man does
"not want a weekly bee-paper. I think
you have made a good choice in chang-
ing it to a monthly magazine form. The
first copy shows up fine. But from my
point of view you have made one mis-
take— you should have made the price
50 cents instead of 25 cents. It is well
worth it, and I believe you would get
just as many subscribers at that rate.
I can't see why not, as 25c. is too
"cheap" ; but perhaps you have reasons
that I have not considered. Any way,
you have our support in the new regime.
Harry Lathrop.

Bridgeport, Wis., July 20th.

Here is one from a good friend in
Kansas who does not favor the change:

August, 1907.

^y^gglj. ^

American Iftec Journalj

Dear Friknd York : — For one, I am
very sorry to see tliat the American Bee
Journal is to be a monthly instead of a
weekly. I fear that it is a bad mistake.
I would much rather pay $2 per year
for a weekly than 25 cents for a monthly.
It is too slow to get around. I have
heard several complaints in regard to
the change. J. J. Measer.

Hutchinson, Kan., July 20.

We wish to thank all who have writ-
ten us on this subject. But we believe
tliat we have done wisely in making the
change from a weekly to a monthly.
What wc want is a large list of read-
ers, and the great majority of bee-keep-
ers are not suthcicntly interested in bee-
culture to need a weekly bee-paper. It
is the majority that we want to get on
our subscription list. And at 25 cents a
year for the .'Vmerican Bee Journal once
a month, it seems to us. we ought to get
them, and that in a very short time.

We hope that all our present subscrib-
ers will turn in and help us roll up a
list of 50,000 readers that we want to
get during the next few months. Surely,
it will not be hard for many to get at
least 10 subscribers each, at the very
low rate of 25 cents a year. (See the
liberal premiums offered on another
page of this issue.)

We will be pleased to send sample
copies free if our present readers will
kindly send us the names and addresses
of their bef-keeping friends and neigh-
lior?.

German "A B C of Bee-Culture."

riic .■\. I. Root Co. are getting out an
edition of their well-known ".\ B C of
Bee Culture" in the German language.
It is to be a complete translation of
the English edition of the book, and the
revision is made by Mr. F. Greiner, of
Naples. N. Y. It will have about the same
number of pages as the English Edition,
and the price will be $2.00, postpaid.
It is to be issued in September next, and
will be the best work of European and
American-German authorities, as Mr. E.
Bondonneau, of Paris, who made the
F^rench translation, is bringing it out. It
should have a large sale among German-
reading bee-keepers.

A Post-Master Bee-Keeper

Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City,
Iowa, on July ist, entered upon a new
line of work for him. It is no less than
that of post-master. Mr. Secor is well
known to almost all of our readers. He
has often been called the poet-laureate
of bee-keeping, on account of having
written so many poems relating to api-
culture. Referring to his own bees, in
a letter dated July 13, he says;

"Bees came through the winter pretty
well, but a good many were lost in the
spring, the season being 2 or 3 weeks
later than common, and very cold. They
are doing well now, however, but I don't
look for any great surplus this year,
because so few colonies will be strong
enough to take advantage of a generous
flow, if we have one.'"

Mr. Secor's experience as given in the
foregoing paragraph corresponds with
that of almost all other bee-keepers this

season. Surely, honey ought to bring
a good price the coming fall and winter.
Just now it does not look as if there
would be a very large crop, so that those
who are fortunate enough to harvest
any honey should be able to realize for
it all that it is worth.

The Bee-Man

Kiiul lu'.'irl, hunt-st hand;
lU-st friend in the hipd;
Tills well the liome farm;
Tlirivcs when the bees swarm;
I.oves work; enjoys life;
Loves best the sweet wife;
Keeps, "till his frame's dust,
Man's faith, woman's trust:
You can tind none stancher,
Than the true bee-rancher;
Great hopes, little money;
Little talk, much honey;
Light heart; cheery song;
Here's luck and live long! —
Whether he's Australian,
English, Dutch, Canadian,
French, or good American —
That's the genuine bee-man.

Dr. Frederick Webley.
Santa Rosa, Calif.

Books for Bee-Keepers

Every bee-keeper should have a bee-
book besides a bee-paper. On another
page will be found all the best books
offered — either at a price, postpaid, or as
a premium. If you can not earn them
as premiums for getting new subscrip-
tions, it will pay you well to purchase
one or more of them. You will find
them of great value. There are so many
things in the books that are needful to
know, and that of course could not be
told over and over again in the bee-
papers. If a bee-keeper can afford only
one, it would better be the book rath-
er than the paper. But now that the
.\merican Bee Journal is only 25 cents
a year, of course, no bee-keeper, how-
ever limited his apiary may be, can af-
ford to be without its monthlv visits.

inches, if possible. However, send what-
ever size is most convenient.

Subscription Credits

We have been unable as yet to make
on our mailing-list all the extension
credits that are due those whose sub-
scriptions were paid beyond June, 1907,
at the regular $1.00 rate. Now that the
American Bee Journal is published
monthly at 25 cents a year, of course
there are many paid-in-advance subscrip-
tions that will be credited just four
times as far ahead as was indicated by
the date on the wrapper-label. But it
may take us quite a little time to do
this. So please be patient, and you will
find that all will have our attention in
due time.

Apiarian Photographs

W'e can use such right along. Of
course we want good, clear prints. If
you have an apiary that you think would
look well on paper, have it photographed
and send to us the result. While we
may not be able to use all that come,
we doubtless will be able to use most of
them. Please send the picture, and on
its receipt we will report whether we
can use it. If we can, we will then re-
quest you to send some descriptive mat-
ter to go with it when published. We
prsfer larger size photographs, say 8x10

California Bee-Ranches

One is shown on the first page this
month. It belonged to E. J. Smale &
Co., when the photograph was taken,
and was located in Los Angeles County.
It is, perhaps, as fine a specimen of a
California mountain canyon bee-ranch
as can be found anywhere.

California is noted for such scenes.
One of her leading bee-keepers once had
600 colonies in a single apiary located
in such a wild and lonesome place. But
in good seasons the bees get the honey
there. In 1903, the then most exten-
sive California bee-keeper harvested a
crop of 90,000 pounds of extracted, and
22,000 pounds of comb honey.

Labeling Honey for Market

Since the National Pure Food Law
was passed, many dealers seem to be
in a quandary as to the proper way to
label food products, among them honey.
Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis.,
wrote to the Secretary of .\griculture
at Washington, D. C, in order to get
a ruling on the subject, and here is the
reply he received :

Mr. N. E. France. — I do not see that
any objection can be made to the form
of seal label which you submit. In re-
gard to the shipment of honey without
label, I may say that you do not vio-
late the law in so doing, provided it is
pure honey and not something other
than what it is sold for. If the honey
is shipped from one state to another
and the party receiving it puts his own
label on it as if he were the producer,
he violates the law by representing the
product as having been made in a state
different from that of its actual pro-
duction. The shipper, however, of such
honey will not be amenable unless he is
a party to the fraud and benefits there-
by. The law does not require a label
to be placed upon food products but
does require that if one is used, it
must be a truthful one. Unlabeled food
products are covered by Section 8, first
paragraph under foods, which states
that a food is misbranded "If it be an
imitation of or offered for sale under
the distinctive name of another arti-
cle." Thus honey which is pure and
unlabeled, sold as honey, is wholly with-
in the protection of the law, but if honey
be adulterated by admixture with glu-
cose and sold as honey, then the law-
is offended. If honey which is pro-
duced in Wisconsin, however, is sold
to a dealer in Illinois and the dealer
in Illinois places upon it his own label
as if it were produced in Illinois, and
sells it in original packages in Illinois
or repacks and ships in interstate com-
merce, the law is offended, because a
false statement is made respecting the
state in which it is produced, which is
a violation of the first parapraph of Sec-
tion 8 of the law. You will find the law
on standards of purity of honey in Cir-
culars 19 and 21. which I enclose.

Respectfully, James Wilson,
Secretary.

American ^ae Journal

August, 1907.

In Circular No. 19, referred to by
Secretary Wilson, the following defi-
nitions are given:

Definitiox of Honev.

1. Honey is the nectar and saccharine
exudations of plants gathered, modified
and stored in the comb by honey-bees
(Apis mellifica and A. dorsata) ; is lae-
vo-rotator\-,contains not more than twen-
ty-five (25) percent of water, not more
than twenty-five hundredths (0.25) per-
cent of ash, and not more than eight (8)
percent of sucrose.

2. Comb honey is honey contained in
the cells of comb.

3. ExTR.^CTED HONEV is houey whicli
has been separated from the uncrushed
comb by centrifugal force or gravity.

4. Str.mned honey is honey removed
from the crushed comb by straining or
other means.

Fair Apiarian Exhibits

The season of Fairs is again here, and
as usual, and also as should be more and
more, there are exhibits of bees, honey,
bee-supplies, etc., and in practically all
cases prominent bee-keepers are selected
as superintendents of the apiarian de-
partments. Also, excellent lists of
premiums are offered in most cases. We
have been requested to publish some of
the premiums lists, which we do here,
and give after each list the name and
address of the superintendent, who can
be addressed for further information, if
it is desired.

The first ic the South Dakota State
Fair, to be held Sept. 9 to 13, with this
list:

1ST. 2D.

Best 24 pounds Hght $1.50 $1.00

Best 24 pounds medium 1.50 i.oo

Best 24 pounds dark 1.50 i.oo

Largest and best display of comb

honey 5.00 3.00

Extracted honey in glass jars, tin
cans, or other packages:

Best 25 pounds light 1.50 i.oo

Best 25 pounds medium 1.50 i.oo

Best 25 pounds dark 1.50 i.oo

Largest and best display of ex-
tracted honey 3.00 2.00

Bees and queens in one comb ob-
servatory hives not allowed to fly:

Italian 2.00 i.oo

Caucasian 2.00 i.oo

Carniolan 2.00 i.oo

Native or black i.oo .50

Largest display of bees as above.. 3.00 2.00

Best 10 pounds wax 2.00 i.oo

Best display of cakes, candies, or
fruits in which honey takes the

place of sugar 3.00 2.00

Best display of all the products of

the apiary 5.00 3.00

Best display of honey-producing

plants, pressed and mounted... 2.00 i.oo
R. A. Morgan, Supt.
Vermillion, S. Dak.

West Michigan State Fair, at Grand Rap-
ids^ Sept. 9 to 13.

1ST. 2ND. 3RD.

Display of comb honey, quality,
quantity, appearance, and con-
dition for market to be con-
sidered $25 $15 $10

Specimen of comb honey, not less
than 10 lbs., quality and con-
dition for market to be con-
sidered 5 3 2

Display of extracted honey, qual-
ity, quantity, appearance, and
condition for market to be
considered 25 15 10

Specimen of extracted honey,
quality and condition for mar-
ket to be considered 3 2 i

Best display of extracted honey

in granulated form 5 3 2

Most attractive display of bees-
wax, quality to be consid-
ered S 3 2

Most attractive display of best
honey - producing plants,
pressed, mounted and named,
not to exceed 25 varieties... 532

Italian bees and queen, single-
frame nucleus, in observatory
hives 3 2 I

Black bees and queen, single-
frame nucleus, in observatory
hives 3 2 I

Carniolan bees and queen, single-
frame nucleus, in observatory
hives -^ — . 3 2 1

Caucasian bees and queen, single-
comb nucleus, in observatory
hives 3 2 I

Queen-rearing nucleus, showing
frame of queen-cells in ob-
servatory hive 5 3 2

Full colony in full-size observa-
tory hive, showing different
parts and appliances of hive,
most attractive 3 2 1

Full colony in full-size observa-
tory hive, showing different
parts and appliances of hive,
most instructive 3 2 i

Largest, best and most instruc-
tive display of nuclei of dif-
ferent races of bees in sin-
gle-comb observatory hives.. 5 3 2

Largest, best, most interesting,
attractive and instructive ex-
hibition in this department,
all things to be considered. 15 10 5
A. G. Woodman, Supt.
Grand Rapids, Mich.

Kansas State Fair at Hutchinson, Kan.,
Sept. 16 .to 21.

1ST. 2ND. 3RD.

Best case of white comb honey,

not less than 24 sections. .$5 $ 3 $ 2

Best case of amber comb honey,

not less than 24 sections 5 3 2

Best and largest display in comb i

honey, not less than 200
pounds 15 10 5

Best frame of white comb honey 321

Best frame of amber comb honey 321

Best case of basswood white

honey 3 ~ i

Best case of white clover honey 321

Best samples of sweet clover

honey 3 2 1

Best i2-lb. cans of white ex-
tracted honey 3 2 i

Best 1 2-lb. cans of amber ex-
tracted honey 3 2 i

Best and largest display in ex-
tracting honey, not less than
200 lbs 10 5 2

Best 5 lbs. of yellow beeswax., 5 3 2

Best I -frame queen and bees

in observation hive 5 3 2

Best i-frame 2-story queen and

bees in observation hive .... 5 3 2

Best Italian bees (dark) and

queen in cage 5* 3 2

Best Italian bees (golden) and

queen in cage 5 3 2

Largest display of Italian bees

and queen 10 5 3

Best designs in comb honey .... 10 5 3

Largest and best display in de-
signs of beeswax 5 3 2

Best home-made hive for Kan-
sas 5 3 2

Best display in bee-keepers* sup-
plies 5 .■^ 2

J. J. Measer, Supt.
Hutchinson, Kan.

Worcester Co., Mass., Bee-Show.
In Horticultural Hall, Worcester, Sept. 13
and 14, 1907.

1. The exhibition is strictly free to all.
There are no entry fees. There are no
charges for space. The exhibition is free to
the public.

2. The purpose of the exhibition is three-
fold: To bring together 'for display and com-
petition the products of bee-keepers. To bring
together for competition and display the prod-
ucts of manufacturers, publishers, and trades-
men. To educate the public.

3. A first, second, and third prize (consist-
ing of a ribbon) will be granted in each
scheduled exhibition. An award of merit will
be granted all worthy displays by manufactur-
ers, tradesmen and others whose exhibit is
not provided for by numbers i to 15 of the
schedule.

4. The Hall is central, large, well-lighted,
and fully equipped with tables, covers, dishes,
elevatur, etc. For special conveniences, com-
municate with the Secretary, or Mr. A. A.
Hixon, Horticultural Hall, Worcester, Mass.
Exhibits may be sent so as to reach the Hall
any time the week of Sept. 8, and will be
taken care of till the exhibition.
Schedule.

Honey. — In numbers i to 5. there will be
two classes — one for those living in Massa-
chusetts, and one for those outside of Massa-
chusetts.

1. For the best 5 pounds of comb honey m
section-boxes.

2. For the best case of comb honey packed
for market. Neatness of package will be
considered. ,

3. For the best 2 frames of comb honey
for extracting. Weight, color, quality, as well
as general appearance will govern.

4. For the best display of chunk honey.

5. For the best display of comb honey in
general. This is open to the taste of the
exhibitor.

6. Extracted honey. For the best 5 pounds of
extracted honey in glass. Color, quality, and
general neatness will govern.

7. For the most attractive display of extract-
ed honey. .

S. Vinegar. — For the best display of vinegar
made from honey. Sharpness and clearness
will govern.

9. Beeswax. — For the best pound of bees-
wax. Softness and color will govern.

10. For the best display of beeswax.
Bees. — All bees must have been reared by

the exhibitor. Nos. 11 to 15 are to appear in
single-frame nuclei. Each nucleus must con-
tain a queen. Nos. 15 to 17 niay be shown
as exhibitor desires.

11. For the best Italians.

12. For the best black or German bees.

13. For the best Carniolan bees.

14. Varieties not scheduled.

15. For the best display of bees.

16. For the best display of queen-bees ready
for shipment.

17. For the best display of a queen-rearing
outfit, showing cells in different stages of
development.

18. General Display. For the best display
of bees, honey, wax, bee-furniture, etc. Ex-
hibitor given full freedom. Products and bees
must be of his own production. Please write
to Secretary that space may be reserved.

19. Cookery. — For the best cake made with
honev. Recipe attached. . , ,

20.' For the best cookies made with honey.

21. For the best display of cake, cookies,
and confectionerv made with honey.

22. Photography. — Photograph of a swarm
of bees.

23. Best photograph of a A ew
apiary.

Displavs not scheduled above are
Meritorious exhibits will be awarded a di-
ploma. Manufacturers, tradesmen, and pub-
lishers, are urged to make a display. K^^^
space will be awarded each applicant. Points
of merit are neatness, perfection of work-
manship, as well as instructiveness and general
effectiveness of display. . -^u

Communications may be addressed either
to the secretary or to A. A. Hixon, Horticul-
tural Hall, Worcester. Mass.

There will be lectures by people prominent
In the bee-world, on both days of the Fair.
Clark Universitv. A. H. Estabrook,

Worcester, Mass. Secretary.

Getting New Subscriptions

How about getting new readers for
the American Bee Journal? It seems
to us that at only 25 cents a year every
bee-keeper in the land, not now a sub-
scriber to the American Bee Journal,
would be glad to hand his or her sub-
scription to any one who asks for it.
There is nothing published in America
to-day in the line of bee-keepmg that
compares with this Journal at the price.
During the year it will contain every-
thing necessary to make a success of bee-
keeping, aside from that already m bee-
books. See the many premiums offered
on another page for getting and sendmg
in new subscriptions. You can earn
some of them with little effort, if you
try.

England
solicited.

August, 1907.

American Hee Journal

"Forty Years Among the Bees."

The following letter has been re-
ceived ;

Editor York: — Dr. Miller says in
"Starting in Bee-Keeping," page 523,
that if you get only one book on bee-
keeping you can not go amiss to get,
etc. ; then names other books than
"Forty Years Among the Bees," as if
they are better for the amateur bee-
keeper. I believe the Doctor does him-
self and his own book an injustice in
that article, as I own several of those
same books and I value his book as
highly as any of the others; and when
I want to look up something right
quick, I always look at his book first,
and I believe I get just as much inform-
ation as is wanted. F. P. Daum.

This correspondent is not the only one
who has thus expressed himself, and
while for him the book in question may
be as valuable as any other — even if in-
deed it should be more valuable — Dr.
Miller insists that for a first book the
beginner should have one of a more gen-
eral character, his book being rather
supplementary, in his opinion. It is
probably a fact, however, that any bee-
keeper who already possesses one or
more of the text-books would find it
money wisely invested to procure a copy
of Dr. Miller's book. Some new kink
found therein, or some old truth pre-
sented in a new light, may be worth
many times the cost of the book. This
book, which is cloth-bound, and has 344
pages, is mailed from the office of the
American Bee Journal for $1,00; or with
the Bee lournal one year — both for
$1-15.

Opportunities of Today

This is the name of a new, high-class
monthly magazine built upon entii ely
new and original lines, which makes its
initial bow to the public with the Septem-
ber number. As its name implies, the
publication will deal with bringing to the
notice of opportunity seekers, the many
and various chances for wealth and
home-making that are opening through-
out all the LFnited States.

The home of the new magazine is the
entire I'th floor of the Majestic Build-
ing, 73 and 75 Monroe St., Chicago,
where Mr. R. L. Bernier, the editor and
publisher, has surrounded himself with
a thoroughly experienced and competent
staff of assistants. Advance sheets of
the publication indicate that no expense
will be spared to make it one of the
most striking and elaborate pieces of
work of its kind ever published in this
country. The first issue will represent
an expenditure of very nearly $30,000.

.-Agriculturists will be particularly in-
terested in the articles which will ap-
pear from time to time, dealing with the
advanced ideas of farming, the develop-
ment of farm and stock lands in the
various parts of the continent, and the
irrigation and reclamation of lands, and
in fact everything pertaining to the pro-
ductions of the countrv.

RuAKUR.^ Statk Apiary. New Zealand.

progress of bee-culture in New Zea-
land :

The Report of the Department of Ag-
riculture of New Zealand for igo6 shows
the vitality of bee-keeping in that coun-
try since bees were first landed in New
Zealand; now she has her expert in
the national department of agriculture,
has an experimental apiary, with an as-
sistant. Miss L. Livesay, in charge. All
this, and more, in a few years.

The State Apiary, at Ruakura, Auck-
land, is Mr. Hopkin's — Apiarist of New
Zealand — latest move. In September,
1905, he started with 32 colonies on the
farm, "most of which were weak," he
says. The following season was back-
ward, which, notwithstanding, "we in-
creased, by dividing, to 46, 40 of which
have been Italianized; and we secured
about half a ton of honey." This shows
that some one knows how. The station
is soon to have its honey-house, plans
for which are included in the report.

"An Apiaries Bill" has been intro-
duced in order to check the spread
of brood-diseases, which exist from

one end of New Zealand to the other,
says Mr. Hopkins, and must be eradi-
cated if bee-keeping shall progress. To
quote again: "One prominent bee-keep-
er, who now owns a hundred colo-
nies, says that until the Bill is passed,
he will not keep more than a hun-
dred colonies; but when the Bill be-
comes a law, he is prepared to increase
to 5,000."

New Zealand surely has the natural
resources; she seemingly has the :ight
sort of men to harness them. She has
made a vigorous start; there is a good
example in her methods for the Ameri-
can bee-man. Just now, in various
parts of the United States, we are run-
ning hard up against the disease prob-
lems. The sooner they are attacked
with some such progressive spirit, as
that of New Zealand, the better and
the easier they will be controlled. This
comes home to many of us, and has the
feeling of "at-homeness to the New
Zealander." Keep your eyes open to
progress. Burton N. Gates.

Worcester, Mass.

W^ Our
1^1^ • Keeping V

^aiti^/^'^^''-

Conducted by EMMA M, WILSON. Marengo. 111.

Hybrid Bees vs. Italians

Bee-Keeping in New Zealand

We have received the following from
Mr. Burton N. Gates concerning the

Dear Miss Wilson : — Is there an-
other sister who can give us a little of
her experience with Italian bees? In
the American Bee Journal everybody
and everything is all Italian bees. My
experience with them for the past 3
seasons has been that I never want any
more — in my locality, at least.

To begin with, 3 years ago, I had
a queenless colony. I sent for a se-
lected tested Italian queen from a well-
known advertiser in the American Bee
Journal. I was only a beginner at the
time, and wanted to go slowly and

surely. I paid $2.00 for the queen and
successfully introduced her. By the end
of the season she had reared an excep-
tionally large and fine colony. But only
about 2 sections of surplus honey, and
they were all built crooked, and not at
all nice. And they were the ugliest
colon}' of bees }-ou ever saw. I was
very much surprised at this, as in all
my reading in regard to Italians, every
articl'e pronounced them much more
gentle than black or hybrid bees. I laid
tins fact to their being queenless for
about 2 weeks before I found it out. I
thought to myself that next season they
will be all right.

6i8

August, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

The next season they worked up the
most quickly of any of my 7 colonies.
But they were uglier than ever, and
seemed possessed to sting. I paid no at-
tention to that and put on the supers,
and cared for them just the same as I
did for my hybrids. In June of that
year they cast a mammoth swarm. The
swarm would fill a lo-quart pail full to
overflowing. And they clustered so con-
veniently close and low, on a young
cherry tree that I put the hive under
the tree and shook them in. Then I
had 2 fine, large, strong colonies of
Italian bees so cross that I never al-
lowed any one to go near the hives un-
less with a bee-hat, etc. I put on su-
pers with bait-sections, and not one
ounce of surplus did they gather that
whole season — either colony. But the
brood-frames became so full of honey
that there was no room for the queen.
So I took one or 2 out at different times
and exchanged with other frames. They
went into winter quarters last fall in
fine shape. In fact, all my bees were
in the best shape last fall of any year
I have had bees. This spring they
seemed to be all right when the first
warm weather came in March. Then
we had it very cold, and much snow,
away down to the first of June. Dur-
ing the time from March to June I lost
3 swarms. One swarm was from one of
the strong Italian colonies. They were
the first bees I ever lost.

One June 29 of this year I had my
first swarm. It came from the remain-
ing ItaHan colony. It was a fair-sized
swarm, and settled in a bad place. They
settled on the trunk of a pear-tree about
3 inches in diameter. Such a time as
I had to get them ! I finally got most
of them into the hive, and then, to my
astonishment, they came out and set-
tled right back on the pear-tree. I got
them in the hive a second time, and
then they came out again. I smoked
the tree well and made the air around
the tree full of smoke, and they went
back to the mother colony. I thought
perhaps the queen was lost or injured,
and that was why they went back.

Several days after this there was a
colony on a stump one morning at 5
a. m. They were Italians, and must
have come out the day before, un-
known to us. They were in nearly as
bad a place as before. But I got them
into the hive, and this time they stayed.
In 4 or 5 days I looked in to see what
they were doing, and found they had
gathered a lot of honey, but not a sign
of an egg. So I found a fine queen-
cell in my best hybrid colony and gave
them that. Then I looked into the other
Italian colony and found they were
queenless. So I brushed all the bees in
with the colony where I put the queen-
cell. This was several days ago. I have
not opened the hive and taken out
frames since, as I was afraid I might
injure the fine queen-cell, nearly ready
to hatch.

Can any one tell me why I had such
a time? and such poor success witli
these ItaUan bees, when I worked them,
and did the same for them, as I did for
my hybrid with good success? Was it
my fault, or the strain of bees, or just
that I happened to get a cranky-tem-
pered queen?

I sent for a cheap Italian queen early
this spring, and, after successfully in-
troducing her, I found after she began
to lay that she laid 2, 3, and 4 eggs in
one cell. In a few days I looked again
and she was gone. Whether she was
lost, or died, I could not find out. So
>-ou see I do not feel like trying any
more Italians.

My hybrids have done pretty well,
considering that I was a beginner 4
seasons ago, and had everything to
learn, and with 4 bad springs, and 3
poor seasons for honey. They are also
much more easily handled, and they
worked when the Italians loafed, and
I could not get them to work in the
supers, to save me, no matter what I
did. I gave them extracting supers,
and then when they would not work
in them I gave them comb-honey supers.

I do not find any advertisements in
the Bee Journal for hybrid queens. How
am I to get one unless I rear it? This
I do not care to do, as my time is not
my own long enough to rear queens
and produce honey, too. I work every
day and can not spend any more time
than I have to, to study and take care
of my bees for honey.

My hybrid bees are doing well now.
They have one super full of honey, and
the second one started. They seemed
to get to work and build up fast as soon
as the weather was at all warm enough
for them.

I, for one, must express myself on
changing the American Bee Journal
from a weekly paper to a monthly pa-
per. I hke it very much better, as I
could hardly read one paper thoroughly
before the next one was here. I also
felt I could not miss a paper, and so
when they come once a month I can
read them slowly and digest it all before
the next paper comes.

(Miss) Elsie A. Cutter.
Grand Rapids, Mich., July 13.

Yes, here is one sister viho will be
glad to give her experience, and speak
a good word for hybrids. For years
we have been rearing queens from our
best honey-gatherers without regard to
color, but giving preference to those
showing little incliation to swarm, con-
sequently our bees are mostly hybrids,
. although we have a number of colonies
that might pass for pure Italians. We
have some colonies that are undeniably
cross and that makes it seem as if they
were all cross, 4s 3 or 4 cross colonies
will furnish enough cross bees to make
a whole apiary appear cross. But we
have a good many colonies that are
just as gentle as pure Italians, and our
bees are certainly 'hustlers.

I think Dr. Miller has slandered our
bees by palling them little demons to
sting. Some of them are, I will admit ;
but not all. Give me the hybrids, every
time. I think that your experience is
rather exceptional in that your Ital-
ians were cross. My experience, so far,
witli extra-yellow bees, as a rule, is that

they are beautiful, gentle, and, like
yours, rear rousing colonies, but don't
compare with the hybrids as honey-
gatherers. I'll take a few stings, thank
you, if my bees will hustle. I have no
use for handsome loafers.

As to getting hybrid queens, although
no one advertises th'em, they are, by
no means, scarce, and if you ask for
them you will no doubt get them from
almost anv dealer.

Some Sound, of the Bee

The following, written by Miss Mary
Ritchie, science mistress at a college in
South Africa, is taken from the Br'tish
Bee Journal :

"To distinguish all the sounds of the
bees would require a sense of hearing
keener than that possessed by human
ears, but even the dullest ear, after
long listening, becomes familiar with
many bee-notes, and finds meaning in
what to the novice is nothing but
a bewildering confusion of sound.

"In practical bee-keeping there is
nothing the beginner will find of greater
service than to learn to interpret these
various sounds from the every-day hap-
py hum of the bees in the flowers, vary-
ing as it does in intensity and eagerness,
but expressive always of satisfaction
and delight, to the strange peep-peep of
a princess in her, as yet, unopened cell.
"When the weather is warm and hon-
ey plentiful, each bee leaves the hive
with a flourish, 'Whizz, I am off!' ex-
clamation ; or is it a hymn of grati-
tude for a new day and its sunshine?

"The noonday play - spell is a living
song of gladness — an ariel dance in
which the young bees join and learn
the joys of flight — a thorough ventila-
tion and refreshment of the hive, but
often a source of consternation and
alarm to the beginner in bee-keeping,
for he is sure that in all this uproar
his bees are swarming or robbing or do-
ing something dreadful, until he discov-
ers it is only play and that each hive
repeats this performance at the same
time every day. To the uninitiated the
noise is suggestive of swarming, and
he watches with some concern until the
bees have gone back and the usual quiet
is restored.

"One of the most interesting sounds
is the 'call of the queen,' or the "call
of the home' — ^the sound that when a
swarm is being hived leads them up the
entrance in such unerring hues.

"All tltese are sounds that one is glad
to hear, but there are unpleasant sounds
as well — the sound of the robber ; the
higli, angry note of an enraged bee ;
the bee that has a grudge against you
and is determined instantly to pay it
of?. A bee 'calls out' when it is being
captured or crushed, and a queen when
she is frightened. Becis annoyed by
ants call in distress and spit at their
tiny tormentors, like defiant kittens. The
wail of a queenless colony is easily
known, and utterly sad. though most
pathetic and pitiful of all is the sound
of beeis that have lost themselves in the
rain or darkness."

August, 1907.

AmeFican fUm Journal

Mrficle^jl

'"Tis Sixty Years Ago"-
Apiarian Progress

BV D. M. ^rACDONAI.D.

The whirligig of time works many
changes. Sixty years ago Americans
could not boast a single volume on bee-
keeping. What small essays had ap-
peared "gave little or no information of
practical utility." These small works
were "simple compilations, serviley fol-
lowing through truth and fallacy. English
and Continental writers." Miner's work,
1849, claims to be even ahead of the
most popular European treatise. If so,
we can safely base on it some interestiny
comparisons, showing the difference be-
tween apiculture now and then.

What would, for instance, some of
your most advanced queen-breeders say
to the following bold assertion as to
what makes the magic change which
produces a queen: "It is not in the pow-
er of man ever to go beyond a simple
conjecture on this point?" He speaks
of "large apiaries, say of 15 or 20 hives."
What a contrast to those hundreds now
numbering a thousand up. Of even this
limited number the best our author can
say is that "half of the hives in exist-
ence at the present time are not in that
condition that nature intended a family
of bees to be in."

On the then vexed question of drones
American knowledge was quite at fault.
"What these drones are thus allowed to
live for, is a question that will never
be answered." But worse ignorance !•>
displayed when the question of egg-lay-
ing is considered. "In May the queen
deposits from 100 to 200 eggs a day."
And she produces only 25,000 workers
in a season ; counting her own produce
and that of any swarm, they will not
even total up to more than 40,000. These
assertions are marvelous to our modern
minds.

"It is frohable that propolis is an
elaborated substance, and here the ques-
tion must forever rest. Where the bees
obtain it, or how they obtain it, must
be a secret not for man to unfold."
He falls foul of Huber for making the
assertion that combs are fixed up with
propolis, and maintains that his own
contrary opinion "can not be contro-
verted by all the apiarians of Europe."

That no other substance was ever
brought into a hive but honey and pol-
len, is his firm opinion, after close ob-
servation.

"Where," he exclaims, "are the rules
for the practical management of bees?"
and echo answers, "Where?" Yet he
instances Weeks, Thacher, and Townly
as American writers, and Bagster, Be-
van and Huish as English writers, but

only to declare that on reading them
"you will tind nothing to satisfy — noth-
ing to fill the void." "A greater cloud
of darkness hangs over the manage-
ment of bees than over any other branch
of rural economy." If I might interject
an aside here I would give Saul's place
in the Israelitish women's song to Mr.
Miner's work, while I would assign Da-
vid's to any one of the three writers he
names.

On the question of hives this writer
has ideas, of a kind. "We stand in the
same position we did a hundred years
ago relative to this important question."
His own ideal was a simple box 12 inch-
es by 12 inches. Large hives were an
abomination to him, and for the follow-
ing original reason; "When a family of
bees have enough laborers, more are
worse than useless, and they rather re-
tard than advance the labors of the
hive."

He is severe on "patent" hives, but
rather takes the edge oflf his railing by
puffing several of his own. Hives even
about 14 inches by 15 inches he consid-
ers to be "entirely at variance with the
natural requirements of the bee." No
wonder swarms were a result of his
management, and he calculates that one
colony may increase the loth year to
512 families!

"The size of the hive, sir, is evcry-
tliiiig," and so he proceeds to cut up
all his layer hives to his foot-square
ideal size, with the bees in them ! Re-
member, they had no frames, not even
bars. Indeed, he utterly condemns Dr.
Bevan's hive chiefly because of its bars.
He had cross-sticks, though, fixed simi-
larly to what they used to be in old
straw skeps, which last Miner thought
worthy of being used only "in a state
of abject poverty." Yet "log-gums" are
good enough for him to recommend,
while, strange to say, "of all the styles
of hives used in England and on the
continent I can find none to recom-
mend." Patriotism, eh?

He trots out a "Bee-House," artistic
no doubt, but scarcely practicable for
common use, and claims it is the first
of its kind laid before the public, where-
as I could produce as fine, and 200 years
older, the work of Winters, whose "ex-
ploded theories have been weighed in
the balance and found wanting," accord-
ing to the views of this "modern" bee-
keeper.

Basswood. maple, and white clover are
names of 3 of the staple sources of sup-
ply for nectar, and where all 3 are to
be found together "is the apiarian's true
El Dorado." Red clover he sets down
as "perfectly useless."

Tobacco moistened and rubbed on the
part stung he considers "acts like a

charm." He rubbed honey inside his
hive when taking a swarm, and amongst
other articles indispensable when hiving
was a blanket — the only time I think I
h.ive ever known this "implement"
named as part of a bee-man's parapher-
nalia.

Fifteen thousand bees he considered
a "strong colony," and 40 pounds a de-
cent surplus. "Very large apiaries were
those where from 25 to 100 colonies ex-
isted." The practise of "burying bees
or immuring them in cellars" he con-
siders all wrong.

Apparently the more modern bee-
man's bete noir — foul brood — was un-
known in 1849, for it is not even named.
"If famine is kept from the door, all
diseases will vanish from our apiaries,"
is his final conclusion.

Many points in this book might be
named to be contradicted, but many
more showing good sound sense, and
the practical experience of a long se-
ries of years the author boasts he spent
among his bees, are even more worthy
of reproduction; but the chief aim of
my few short extracts and comments
is to show the great strides bee-keeping
has made during the past 60 years.

Banff, Scotland.

Transferring Bees from Box-
Hives

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE.

A subscriber to the American Bee
Journal wishes me to give an article on
the old method of transferring bees from
box-hives into movable^frame hives.
As such transferring was exploited last
summer at a bee-meeting where there
were more than one thousand present,
it will hardly do to call such transfer-
ring an "old" method, but one right in
vogue at the present time in our apicul-
tural knowledge. At this meetiiig
strings were used to keep the combs in
the frames after transferring, but I
think 3 or 4 holes through each piece
to the frame in which wire-nails are to
be slipped, is much the better plan.

There are only two really favorable
times for transferring, although it can
be done at any time by using care. The
first is during fruit or apple bloom, and
the second is 21 days after the first or
prime swarm. If done during fruit-
bloom, there will be little honey in the
combs, and not much brood will be near
the side of the box-hives, or gums, so
there will be little loss from either
honey or brood, while, as a rule, enough
nectar will be coming in from the blos-
soms to prevent robbing, as well as to
enable the bees to repair their combs
rapidly, which must necessarily be muti-
lated more or less. If done 21 days af-
ter swarming, there will be no brood
in the hives except a little drone-brood
or a few eggs or larvae from the 'newly-
laying queen, so there will be no loss of
brood from cutting, as all of the bees
from the eggs laid by the old queen
will now have emerged, while the young
queen will have just begun laying.

Besides having the bars to the frames
all bored, with the wire-nails ready,
a board about 2 feet square will be

August, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

necessarj', and a barrel or box of suit-
able height for the operator to place
the board upon. On one side of the
board should be tacked 3 or 4 thick-
nesses of cloth so the brood and combs
will not be injured by being placed
upon it.

Having these things all in readiness,
place the whole on a wheelbarrow, to-
gether with a lighted smoker and a
long-bladed knife, when you will pro-
ceed to the colony you wish to trans-
fer and blow a few puflfs of smoke in at
the entrance to alarm the bees, so they
will not rush out to sting you, when
the box-hive is to be turned bottom-
side up, and the frame hive placed on
the stand the bo.x-hive had just occu-
pied.

Now blow a little more smoke over
the exposed bottoms of the combs, and
place the cap to the hive, or any box,
over the bottom of the hive, fixing it so
that one side or edge of the box comes
in contact with some one side of the
hive, so that the bees can crawl up into
this cap or box.

Now, if you are to work further,
as was done before the one thousand
alluded to above, you will make sure
that the joint between the bo.x and the
old bo.x hive is bee-tight, by winding
an old sheet or cloth around this joint,
when you will proceed to take up sticks
of stove-wood and pound on the sides
of the hive for 10 to 15 minutes, in or-
der that the bees may be "drummed"
out of the hive up into the box from
which they are to be hived upon the
transferred combs at the close of the
operation.

But allow me to Say that such tight
joint is entirely unnecessary, and the
10 or IS minutes pounding on the
hive is just so much time entirely
wasted.

Having blown the smoke over the
bottoms of the combs and the box set
above, proceed to the splitting apart
of the old hive preparatory to getting
the combs out. Select the side of the
hive to which the combs run parallel,
if possible, and proceed to pry off the
side, using a cold-chisel to cut the
nails, if necessary. If there are cross-
sticks through the center of the hive,
these must be cut off with a saw or
otherwise. By this time the bees will
all be off the combs next where you
are working, when the first one is to
be removed by cutting with the long
knife next the hive wherever it is at-
tached.

Now lay this comb on the board you
have made ready for its reception, when
one of the frames is placed on top of
the comb, and the comb marked by run-
ning a knife just inside of the frame
all the way around. Now take the
frame off and cut the comb a hair larger
than the marks so that it will fit snugly
in the frame when it is placed therein.
Next, press the frame over the comb
until it nicely fills the frame, when the
wire-nails are to be pushed through the
holes into the comb, so as to hold it in
place in the frame when hung in the
hive. To take from the board, raise
board and all until the frame stands
in the position it will assume when it
hangs in the hive, for by thus doing
there will be no danger of the comb

falling out in the lifting, as there would
be were you to attempt to pick it up as
it lay flat upon the cloth-Hned board.

Now place this transferred comb in
the hive, when the bees which have re-
turned from the fields will at once en-
ter the hive and take possession of it,
licking up all drip, beginning their work
of repairs, etc. Proceed to cut out the
rest of the combs and fit them in the
frames in the same way until all -are
used, and set in the new hive, always
placing them in the new hive in the
same relative position which they occu-
pied in the old, as nearly as possible to
do; otherwise some of the brood may
be lost, and the bees work to a disad-
vantage.

If drone-comb to any amount is found,
it is well to leave the most of it out.
If many pieces of nice worker-comb are
made by the combs cutting to disad-
vantage, they can be fitted into frames
and fine wire wound around to hold
them in place. If this is done, the hive
must be opened in a few days, as soon
as the bees get the combs securely fas-
tened and the wire removed. Otherwise
the hive needs no opening after the op-
eration to remove an\'thing, as the
wire-nails will do no harm if they al
ways remain in the frames and combs
just where you left them when pushing
them through the frames into the comb.

As soon as all the combs are in,
close the new hive, and hive into it the
bees which are in the box, the same as
any swarm would be hived, when the
job is done.

If a scarcity of honey exists at the
time of transferring, so that robbing is
liable to occur, a bee-tent to set over
the hive and operator is a good thing.

Borodino, N. Y.

Parcels Post and Technical
High Schools

BY PROF. A. .T. COOK.

There are very few improvements that
have come with such benefit to a large
class of our most deserving citizens as
the Free Rural Delivery. Said one of
our brightest farmers to me the other
day, "Greatly as I prize the telephone,
and much that it gives to us of comfort
and time-saving, yet it is no comparison
at all to the rural . delivery as an aid
and convenience to us farmers." He
added, "But we might get vastly more,
and at an actual saving to the country,
could we have a cheap rate on parcels up
to 25 pounds. This is sure to come,
as we need it, and deserve to have it,
and could get it in a very short time
if we would all pitch in and demand it."

No doubt my friend is right. We are
behind all the peoples of Europe, and
even Mexico is ahead of us. This all
comes because the express companies
have their grip upon us, and wish to
grow rich at the expense of the people.
The railroads stayed off the Panama ca-
nal for years, greatly to the Nation's
hurt, and now the express companies
are playing the same shabby game.

We now can send 4 pounds in a sin-
gle parcel, and must pay 16 cents per
pound to do this, whereas we should

be able to send any weight, and at never
more than 5 cents per pound.

The salary of the carriers has been
increased, and is surely none too much.
I believe that we do this work at an an-
nual loss of about $30,000,000. It is
certain that with a parcels post, and no
limit to the weight, the whole thing
could easily be made a source of profit,
with no harm to any one except the
men who are at the head of the express
companies, and they have fatted quite
long enough at the expense of the peo-
ple.

The loss to the people in the rural
districts, from not having cheap rates
on packages with no limit to weight, is
said to be $100,000,000 a year, and, with
such a system, the Government would
have a fine profit instead of a deficit.

A cabinet member told me the other
day that no one could be more heartily
in favor of cheap parcels post than was
he; and when asked if the President
was in favor of it, he replied, "Of course,
he favors anything that helps the peo-
ple; and what would be of more benefit
than a parcels post, such as they have
in all parts of Germany and most of the
other countries of Europe?" And is not
that emphatically true?

The National Grange is also working
with all its great influence to secure ac-
tion by Congress, that will give us this
greatly-needed postal improvement. A
writer in the last New York Outlook,
who seems to have given this subject
much study and attention, says that with
a rightly-managed equipment, all mail
could be sent for one cent a pound with
no weight-limit except in case of let-
ters, and be self-supporting. Even if it
did cost more than was secured from
selling stamps, for a time, it would be
a wise outlay, as nothing could be more
of an educating power than this would
be.

I believe that nothing could be more
serviceable to our people than this, and
in the Pacific States, so wide from the
East, it would come with added bless-
ing. We ought all to urge it on all oc-
casions, to write for the papers in its
behalf, to get others to do so, and fairly
to flood our congressmen with petitions
in favor of a parcels post, as liberal
and well-managed as the best in the
world at the present time. It is bound
to come soon, and it will be our fault
if it is not forthcoming very soon.

Technical High Schools.

Congressman Davis of Minnesota has
a bill before Congress which should in-
terest all of us. It promises as much
for our people as has come from the
Morrill Bill which passed in 1862, and
which by donating lands to the several
States secured the .Agricultural Colleges,
that have raised Agriculture in our
country to a a degree that is hard to
appreciate.

This Bill has the hearty support of
the Secretary and Assistant Secretary
of Agriculture, the Master of the Na-
tional Grange, and will very likely pass
at the very next session of Congress. It
surely will if we all do our part to urge
its merits and importance upon Con-
gress.

The Act proposes to appropriate to
each State, from the funds of the Gov-

August, 1907.

American Hee Journal

ernment, ten cents for every citizen —
man, woman and child — as shown by
the hist census. Half of this goes to
the country and half to the city, and is
to be expended to teach only Agricul-
ture in the country high schools, Me-
chanics in the city schools, and Domes-
tic Science in both. Thus we will give
to our boys and girls just such instruc-
tion as they will need as they engage
in the sterner duties of life. This mon-
ey is not to pay for buildings, nor for
instruction in other lines, but is to be
used wholly for the purpose of technical
instruction.

This is not a new plan, but has been
tried in four States, and with most
gratifying success. Georgia, Alabama,
Nebraska and IVIinnesota have all es-
tablished these Agricultural High
Schools, and although they were start-
ed in Georgia wholly as a private en-
terprise, they are now taken over by
the State and are to be found in every
county of the State. We have one such
school in California, and it is doing
good work, and will make it easy to mul-
tiply such institutions.

These schools have been so well re-
ceived where they have been started,
that it will not be difficult to get this
Bill passed almost unanimously, by the
coming Congress, and we should all do
all we can to help in the matter.

This plan carried out promises much
in many ways : It will make more effi-
cient farmers, more intelligent laborers;
will give education a more practical tone,
without lessening its disciplinary value,
and will tend to swell the already large
and rapidly-growing attendance at our
agricultural colleges. The business of
agriculture will be elevated, as more
intelligence is brought into it, and the
call for trained men in these Agricultu-
ral High Schools, will bring a demand
for more knowledge and research in
these directions, which must be worth
much to our people.

It is also proposed to unite with each
of these high schools a research station,
where the pupils will be trained in actual
investigation. This will require a trained
man to lead in the work, and will surely
be of rich service to the pupils, and to
the whole country.

The whole trend of education at the
present time is toward technical studies,
and the above plan will surely fill a felt
need. I hope that this measure will
meet as much approval as will that of the
"Parcels Post."

Columbus, Ohio.

A Visit to a Nebraska Bee-
Keeper

BY C. P. DADANT.

Wife and I have never traveled much
together. We have always been too
busy. In our young days it was out
of the question to take a wedding trip,
for we could not afford it. But during
the present season we concluded to
take a trip out West. The bee-busi-
ness was very dull — all that the bees
needed in the early part of June was
feed. No honey, but little work, and
a very limited sale of comb founda-
tion! Besides, our young people are

all able-bodied and fully suited to the
requirements of the business. So we
could be foot-loose for the first time
in our lives during the month of flow-
ers, and yet not feel that we were neg-
lecting anytliing that needed attention.

The morning of June 13 found us at
Grand Island, Nebr. Mr. -Wm'. Stolley,
one of the oldest settlers of that part
of the country, has been a good friend
of mine for 20 years or more, but we
had never met, although we had often
exchanged views and had found that
our political, social, religious and apia-
rian ideas were very similar.

On our arrival at the hotel in Grand
Island, we telephoned Mr. Stolley, who
was waiting for this signal, to come
after us. lie was soon on hand with

elms, etc., and is in a large shed in the
shape of a half moon.

Our host is an amateur in bee-cul-
ture. He has at present only about
45 colonies, and he aims to keep down
increase. His method was new to me.
It consists in removing all the brood
from the colony, or colonies, that try
to swarm, placing the brood in a hive-
body just above the old colony, and
from time to time returning the young
bees to the parent colony. This method
seems to give good results with the
large hives, but I would not trust it
with small hives, for I saw an example
of failtfre right there. The hives used
by Mr. Stolley are large .American 14-
framc hives, and in those the method
succeed.^, but he has also a few Heddon

WiLLi.\M Stolley.

his carriage, and in a few minutes we
were riding towards his home, and chat-
ting happily. We were promised a
hearty reception from the ladies, and
we certainly got it, for there are no
more congenial persons than Mrs. Stol-
ley and her two daughters.

The road to the Stolley home is shad-
ed most of the way by forest trees,
which Mr. Stolley told us had been
nearly all furnished by himself. Be-
fore arriving at his home he drove
through his grove — forest, about 50
years old, planted and cared for by him.
It contains between 40 and 50 acres,
and is cut by several lanes. Mr. Stol-
ley takes great pride in his grove, and
the avenues through it are as well cared
for as the drives of a city park. Na-
tive and foreign trees are growing in
this timber, and we saw a magnificent
German oak-tree, also a number of for-
eign basswoods.

The apiary is situated on the south
edge cf the grove, shaded by maples.

hives. One of the colonies in those
hives had swarmed two days before,
and its brood had been removed as men-
tioned. On the day of our visit it
swarmed again, and upon opening it
we found that there were only a few
eggs, but several of these were in
queen-cells which had been hurriedly
built by the bees. The colony was so
intent upon swarming that there were
perhaps 50 queen-cells started, in most
cases only a rudiment, but they had evi-
dently not given up their intentions,
for so small a matter as the loss of
their brood.

Another interesting thing I found was
the evidence of the quest of a home by
what has ordinarily been called "scouts,"
and of which some authors are inclined
to deny the existence. Mr. Stolley has,
at the top of his shed-apiary, four de-
coy hives, placed in full view, and con-
taining combs already built and in good
condition. He often harvests swarms,
which enter those hives of their own

American ^ae Journal

August, 1907.

accord. On the second morning of our
visit we noticed a number of bees busy
at one of the decoy hives, and Mr.
Stolley asserted that they must be
scouts, getting ready to swarm into this
hive. Two hours later the issuing of a
natural swarm confirmed his assertion.
But the swarm was hived and the
scouts abandoned the decoy hive at once.
This shows conclusively what I had
already decided in my own mind from
some ulterior observations; that when
a colony is about to swarm, some of
the bees, probably among the most active
and most experienced, start out early
in search of a home and begin to clean
it up at once, while some of their num-
ber direct the swarm to this selected
home. But the swarm generally alights
first on a branch or a bush, in order
to get together. This little indication
of the great intellect of the bees was
very interesting to me.

Our host is no longer in active busi-
ness, his farm is rented, and he and his
son (the only one of his sons who is
at home) are both busy taking care of
their surroundings, and making home
comfortable. Some of the nicest nooks
and corners are to be found about that
apiary, that are in existence anywhere.

■Little grass plots, carefully cut with
the lawn-mower are discovered here and
there, surrounded with beds of flowers
and a few fruit-trees. To any one who
has visited the naked plains of the West,
it is a charming thing to find such de-
lightful spots produced by the careful
hand of progressive men.

Mr. Stolley is a lover of Nature, and
it is no wonder that he loves the bees.
Two or three easy chairs are kept in
one end of the bee-shed, and in these
chairs, brought out under the trees, we
spent several of the warm hours of the
day, while the bees were hurrying back
and forth. The honey crop had hardly
yet fairly begun, for some hives had no
honey. But the fields were thick with
white clover, alfalfa and sweet clover.
A number of the honey-plants are tried
by him, but those named are the main
reliance for honey.

While walking about among the trees,
and from one little lawn to another,
we came to an open space containing
one little bunch of dried grass, evi-
dently freshly cut. Mr. Stolley called
to my wife, "Mrs. Dadant, let me show
you something nice." He lifted up the
grass and showed us — five little rab-
bits snugly hidden in their nest. " I
found them," said he. "while cutting
this grass, and for fear they might
be hurt, I covered them with this bunch
of hay. But I left an opening in the
hay, so the mother could get to them.
When I came back, I found that the
mother had discovered them and had
carefully trampled the hay down, so that
no trace of them could be seen. Do
you hear my dog howl at the barn?
Yes, I have him tied, for fear he might
hurt these little fellows. In 2 or 3
days they will be able to take care of
themselves, and I will turn the dog
loose again." It is of such mettle that
our good apiarists are buiU — lovers of
nature and observers.

Mr. Stolley is 76 years old, looks
hardly 60, and is of such cheerful dis-
position that he is probably good for 20
years or more. His ambition seems to be
to be happy and make others happy
around lum, and I believe he succeeds.
After all, are we not all seeking happi-
ness, and does happiness consist only in
piling up dollars behind the doors of a
bank vault?

Mr. StoUey's grove, his bees, and his
pets, give him ample satisfaction. We
were told that some 3 years ago Roose-
velt visited Grand Island and made a
speech there. And as the Stolley grove
is the finest drive around that section,
the citizens took Roosevelt to the Stol-
ley grove. He saw the lanes, the ar-
bors, the lawns and the bees, and he
was so delighted that he enthusiastic-
ally remarked, "Mr. Stolley, I envy
you."

But I am not through with the bee-
question. Mr. Stolley cures rheumatism
with bee-stings. Before I tell you of
his method, I must first inspire your
faith in his medical skill, by telling
you that in the old days— in the '6o's—
he was a "medicine man" among the
Indians, and had many friends in their
tribes. Being naturally of an observing
mind, as I have shown above, he had
noticed that the Indians suffered gen-
erally from over-eating. Accustomed
to fasting for days and weeks when
the game was scarce, if they happened
to kill a buffalo or a deer, they would
eat to excess, and their intemperance
led to indigestion. Mr. Stolley took
note of this, and repeatedly cured his
sick savage friends by giving them a
good dose of epsom salts. That is how
he became a renowned medicine man.
So I take it for granted that the knowl-
edge of this will make you more will-
ing to try his rheumatism cure.

Mr. Stolley has cured numerous cases
of the worst kind of rheumatism — in
some instances where persons had al-
most entirely lost the use of their limbs
— by administering bee-stings; begin-
ning with one sting, if there was any
doubt of the ability of the patient to
stand a greater number, but usually
beginning with 5 the first day, then 7
or 8 the second day after, then increas-
ing tlie dose once a week, until 12
or IS were inflicted at one time. His
method of applying the stings is as fol-
lows:

Catch the bees, bring them to the
house and let them fly to the window-
pane. Then with a wet sponge catch
a bee while it is on the window, bring
it to the suffering limb and press the
sponge down, slightly releasing the bee
from the grasp of the sponge, and it
will at once protrude its sting in self-
defence. Mr. S. asserts that he has
cured many diflficult cases which the
doctors could not improve. ' This rem-
edy is worth trying.

After a two day's visit, during which
we enjoyed many a chat, and heard
dozens of interesting anecdotes con-
cerning the life of the pioneer amon.e:
the Indians and the buffaloes, wetook
leave of our kind friends and continued
our journey towards the West.

From Foreign Fields,
With Notes.

BY F. GREINER.

Such old veteran bee-keepers of Ger-
many as Dzierzon and Guenther held,
and hold, that the queens from post-
constructed cells are just as serviceable
and long-livied as queens from pre-con-
structed cells, and E. Bohm, forester
in Seegefeld, defends this theory in the
late number of Leipz-Bztg., at the same
time he condemns American methods of
rearing queens; I suppose he refers here
to the transferring of larvae into artifi-
cial or otherwise obtained cells, pre-
dicting that this practice will soon be
out of date and disappear like an in-
fertile blossom, which will wither and
drop off.

The only difference between a queen
from a post-constructed cell and one
obtained by transferring larvse to pre-
pared or natural cells, is the trans-
ferring act, for we have it in our power
to select larvae of the same age, as would
be taken by the bees. If cells were con-
structed by the bees over eggs (nor-
mally) there might be more reason for
objecting to the American practice of
transferring larvas, but as the bees do
not do so there can be no objection
except it can be shown that in trans-
ferring the larva is injured.

We know that bees have no sympathy
with any of their kind when accidents
occur, or when a sister is ailing. On
the other hand, they show no mercy, and
cast the injured babies or sisters out of
the hive. They are the worst cannibals
that may be imagined, for they appro-
priate the blood of the cast-out babies
to their own use before casting the ca-
daver aside. If we injure a larva or
nymph, the inmates of the hive discover
this at once and proceed to remove it.
If we injure a larva in transferring,
I judge they will not be slow to re-
move it; the fact that they do not re-
move it is in itself the proof that the
little bee-baby is all right. If it had
been injured, it would not grow and
develop into a perfect insect, as we have
occasion to see it every season.

It is my opinion that, if a queen
reared according to the American meth-
od, is not as good as one reared from
the eggs as in swarming-time, or a su-
persedure-queen, then the queens from
post-constructed cells are not as good.
Our German friends claim that our
American queens are short-lived. How
true this is I am not prepared to say,
but I have not observed that there is
any difference in this respect between
naturally-reared queens from untam-
pered black stock and the queens we
rear by transferring larvx to artificial
or natural cells.

It is possible, perhaps, to overtax a
colony of bees by compelling them to
rear too many queens, or to have queens
reared at an unseasonable time. It may
be that inferior queens are thus reared
and sent out by some queen-breeders.
But when a big, rousing colony during
the honey season rears no more than 8
or 10 queens at a time, I can see no
reason why these queens should not be
as good as any grown in post-con-

August, 1907.

Amcerican l^ee Journal

stniclcd cells, altlioiigh the larvae may
have been transferred by the bee-keeper.

I am inclined to the belief that the
queens, which are reared without any
interference of man during the swarm-
ing season, are a little the best, but
I do not know. Some hold that by
rearing queens out of the swarming sea-
son, and by compelling the bees to use
worker-larvx for the purpose, a strain
of bees will result which is less in-
clined to swarm. I find this opinion
expressed by German and American
bee-masters alike.

Herr E. Bohm speaks in the same
paper of the new method of having
queens mated from queenright colonies,
i. e., without removing the old fertile
queens. That this may be done is
fully e.xplained in Doolittle's "Queen-
Rearing," of 1889. Herr B. in a way
gives credit to the Americans, but says
that their method is uncertain and un-
reliable, as well as too complicated and
taking too much time to be practical.
He himself is conducting experiments
along this line which he expects to fin-
ish this year, and which promise to
be superior in result to anything known.
This is good news, and we will be
thankful to Mr. B. if he gives us a
practical method to mate queens in this
way, but he will not be able to claim
priority of the idea, although he men-
tioned this idea to visiting friends last
season.

I never had an entire success mating
queens this way, but my method was
not laborious. From the fact that queen-
breeders and bee-keepers employ fer-
tiliizng-'boxes it will seem, that the lat-
ter method of mating queens is regarded
as safer and cheaper.

Demand for Propolis.

There does not exist a demand here
for propolis. I do not know what use
it may be put to, but I notice that the
article is wanted in Germany. R. Spieg-
ler in Grosshenn-ersdorf, offers to pay
about 25 cents to 50 cents per pound
for it, according to purity.

-After scraping my wide frames and
supers I had about 8 pounds of propolis
saved. Of course, some little wax-par-
ticles went in with it, such as little
"legs," which the bees build at times to
connect the comb and the separator.
I have not much trouble this way, but
once in a while I find a colony which
is great in this. I find, also, sometimes,
a little wax on the underside of the bot-
tom-bars, and in a good honey season,
or during the heaviest flow, pure wax is
sometimes used in lieu of propolis.

To separate this wax from the pro-
polis, I dumped the whole mess into
an iron kettle, which was placed on a
hot stove. When all was melted, the
wa.x, being lighter than the propolis, rose
to the top and stood there in little pud-
dles. I poured it off from time to time
into a pail of cold water; to obtain the
last, I dipped it off with an iron spoon.
The melted propolis was finally poured
out on to a wet board. It formed a
cake of 5 pounds with a very little wax
still in it. The obtained wax is of fine
quality and weighs 3 pounds. It will
not bother me to find a market for this,
and I shall save up the propolis for a
future buver.

I supposed at one time that propolis
and wax could be melted together and
form one mass, as in making grafting-
wa.x of resin, wax and tallow, but it
does not do so with me ; the two sub-
stances separate when hot.

Naples, N. V.

Spring Stimulative Feeding
of Bees

liV A. C. F. BARTZ.

These words have headed many an
article of bee-papers, in recent years,
and many and hot have been the discus-
sions on this very important topic, by
the advocates as well as by the non-
practitioner; and I believe that some-
times the reader has been led to believe
that the writers taking either side of the
question did not know what they were
talking about, as they, pursuing one way
one season and finding it a success,
would very often prove the contrary
another season. I, myself, have very
often been "at sea" to know exactly
whether or not it would be profitable to
feed bees in the spring in order to stim-
ulate brood-rearing; but with the ex-
perience I have now, I feel safe to say
to the bee-keeping world, when to feed
and when not to feed. In the following
I shall endeavor to explain why it does
pay to feed, and why it doesn't.

Some of the readers of the American
Bee Journal will remember my advo-
cating feeding bees in cold weather.
Notwithstanding the protests made by
some, against the feeding of bees in
cold weather, I am now ready to take
all and every responsibility, as far as to
damages done to bees by feeding in ear-
ly spring, (excepting the feeding at
daylig'ht in cold weather), upon my own
shoulders, and if any one would get
a chance to go through an experience
like the one I am just passing (May
14) with my 250 colonies of bees, and
seeing the results of what feeding does,
I do not believe there would be any
more disputes as to whether or .not it
pays to feed.

Now I will tell how I came to find
out. .After taking my bees from the cel-
lars on April 1st, and finding that they
had wintered in first-class condition, I
felt satisfied that nothing was to be
done after that, only to see that each
colony had enough honey to carry them
through until they could gather some
from the soft-maple and hard-maple sap,
in which this country abounds.

I just gave them a hasty inspection,
and marked all colonies light in stores,
and also those having too much honey,
which were about 50 or 60, as I gen-
erally do take away from those having
too much and give to those having
not quite enough; but this last-named
chance I was not to enjoy this year,
as we did not get a day, after April 3,
on which it was safe to open a hive,
until away into May.

I was compelled to put feeders on
those colonies not having enough honey,
and feed sugar. So I put on 12 feeders
of large dimensions, and about 24 small-
er ones; and I fed those bees every day
that I found their feeders empty, leav-

ing those 60 colonies with their surplus
honey to themselves. Hoping from day
to day to get a chance to take away
some of their honey, but such a spring
I never saw !

A change in the weather came at last,
and on May 13 I was permitted to see
vvhat I had been doing; hence this ar-
ticle.

In the 60 colonies with too much
honey, not one of them contained 4
combs of brood, and their number of
bees had melted away to half the
strength they had been when taken
from the cellars; others with not so
much honey had perished entirely, and
others dwindled down to mere handfuls.
But what about those fed? I'll tell
you. I was never more surprised in
my life, and I don't remember ever be-
ing much more pleased than I was when
opening the hives of those I had been
feeding, especially those 12 with large
feeders — why, some of them have brood
in 9 combs, none less than 6, and they're
"boiling over" with bees, so much so
that I have given them a second story,
and some even a third ! They look
like so many mammoth hives. I can
divide every one of tnem, and will do
so in a day or two ; this will give me at
least 24 rousing colonies.

Now, you see what this feeding did —
it not only stimulated the bees to the
highest activity of brood-rearing, but
it prevented spring dwindling entirely —
the very thing which is so much feared
by some of our writers ; when writing
about feeding in early spring they claim
the bees leave the hives when the weath-
er is unfavorable, and get lost, and
thereby dwindle. This is a theory, and
entirely wrong, and "falls all to pieces,"
as Mr. Hasty says, when brought against
practical experience.

I wish to say, further, that the sugar
I fed was the best granulated cane-
sugar, made to the consistency of half
sugar and half water, by measure, and
fed very hot.

My feeders have a galvanized iron
bottom, and cover the entire top of the
hive. Certainly the heat from this feed
had considerable to do with the bees
breeding up so fast, but I could not
get the heat unless I used the feed.

Another thing I'd like to mention is,
that the amount fed to those colonies
was more than they could use — they
stored a little — from 5 to 6 pounds per
colony, and the feed was given at
night, sometimes by lantern light.

I just want to mention that if bees
gather pollen every 2 or 3 days — or even
water — they need no stimulative feed-
ing in early spring, providing they have
plenty of honey in the hive, because
pollen is a stimulant, as well as water;
in fact, anything they can gather out-
side arouses them to activity, but when
they do not fly for 2 or 3 days or weeks,
or even a month, then the thing as-
sumes a diflfrent aspect altogether; and
should it become so cold as to compel
the bees to form a solid winter cluster,
then it will clip from day to day part of
the cluster, and many of the young
bees within the cluster will drop off for
want of honey, because there is not
unsealed honey enough within the clus-
ter to carry on breeding, and nour-

August, 1907.

American Vee Journal

ish the young bees, and hence spring
dwindling.

I therefore conclude that I shall feed
my bees, after this, in early spring,
when the weather is too cold for them
to fly for 3 or 4 days, no matter how
much honey they have in the hives, un-
less it will prove that it is better to
give each colony about ID pounds of
unsealed honey as soon as they are taken
from the cellars, which I expect to
experiment on another year. Others
might try similar experiments, and re-
port in the American Bee Journal.

Keystone, Wis., May 14.

Under Cross-Examination on
Matters Apiarian

D. M. MACDONALD.

At your special desire, and in agree-
ment with your express wish, 1 step
up into the witness-box to be cross-
questioned. You accuse me, on page
389, of three instances of ambiguity con-
sequent on the brevity of my extracts
from the veteran Dr. Miller's work; and
on page 429 you seek to pillory me for
use of the word impossible. I really
think that on all the points animadverted
on, if you had read with your usual
perspicuity, the so-called puzzles would
have been evaporated. But lest I un-
wittingly do injury to any one of our
mutual friend's "kinks," or mystify your
or our readers in any way, let us pro-
ceed to evidence, first premising that
the extracts were merely intended as
texts on which to hang sermons ; and
that they were supplied to whet the ap-
petite of British readers for " some
more." I have reason to know the re-
sult was that several additional copies
of "Forty Years Among the Bees" found
their way across the "herring pond."

1. In regard to securing all worker-
comb from starters, Dr. Miller is not
singular in considering the very best
way of insuring this is to work for it
in weak colonies. This is a truism whch
I deem requires no elucidation from
me. Any amplification, even, is not
necessary, because in two almost pre-
ceding "extracts" will be found a de-
scription of the Doctor's frame, with
his process of "wiring" in full sheets of
foundation, in his words "providing
beautiful comb," tlius showing as clearly
as words can that this "grand old man"
of apiculture knows how to get all work-
er-comb in various ways.

2. Reducing the brood-body to about
8 frames at the opening of the honey-
flow, in order to force the bees to en-
gage in super-work, is a very general
practise. As the extract objected to for
its ambiguity follows one dealing with
the opening of the flow, and another
treating of the sections used, its brev-
ity should not lead even a novice astray.
Indeed, the natural sequence of half a
dozen extracts distinctly shows how,
why, and when the number of frames
should be reduced.

3. Increase by taking frames of brood
to an out-apiary is an excellent style
of procedure. Dr. Miller shows a lik-
ing for it and recommends it, but the
two preceding extracts show as clearly
as possible that Dr. Miller has more

than one string to his bow, and prac-
tises home increase. "Plugging with
green leaves" implies nuclei in the home-
apiary, while "taking a frame from a
nucleus" to requeen leads us to infer
that nuclei are there for more than one
purpose.

Now, let me deal with page 429. I
still stick to the "Impossible" argument.
Apparently you read the word as if it
meant that bees can not place newly-
gathered nectar in brood-combs. In this
sense of course the contention would be
manifestly absurd, as everyone who has
handled frames finds in them very fre-
quently a thin liquid "which looks like
nectar, tastes like nectar," and is nectar.
But my original paragraph most dis-
tinctly stated as much where I mention
"unsealed honey ready for the nurse-
bees."

So much for the sense in which the
word was used ; but let me take a step
further, and show why I deem the doc-
trine of transference an old wives' fa-
ble. Read what I wrote, how every cell
is already occupied, and tell me, if

these cells are already full, how they
can admit this nectar. They can not be
twice filled with two diflferent substances
at the same time. C'est impossible!

I will now step down from the wit-
ness stand and call on Mr. Doolittle
(who was supposed to favor your first
contention) to give testimony in my
favor. Read Gleanings, page 691 :

"To give the best results in supers,
the combs at the commencement of the
honey harvest must be literally filled
ivith brood. With the combs thus full
of brood the first storing is done in
sections, and, having commenced there-
in, the bees continue with little honey
(very small percentage) being put in
the brood-chamber till near the close of
the season."

Any jury, British or American, will
acquit me of error or even exaggeration
in claiming it is impossible for nectar
to be stored in the brood-nest, when it
is already full of brood. Therefore,
let us revise our ideas if we find them
wrong.

Banff, Scotland.

outfiern

Conducted by LOUIS H. SCROLL. New Braunfels, Tex.

Keeping' ColoniesAIways Strong-

it is one thing to talk and write about
keeping bees always strong and ready
for any unexpected honey-flow in this
State, and another to do it, and es-
pecially is this true if you have more
than one yard to look after.

In February and a part of March we
had unusually warm weather, and the
bees bred up in a way that was pleas-
ing to the apiarist, and a few of the
most thrifty colonies cast swarms in
March, only to repent of their folly,
perhaps, as the next two following
months were the worst I ever saw for
bees In the 49 years I have been in Texas.
It was cool — yes, cold — cloudy and dry
almost the entire time, with the result
that a great many of our queens stopped
laying in the height of the breeding-
season, and today most of our colonies
are weaker than they were the first of
February ; and that, too, after having
fed several barrels of sugar. So it's not
so easy to "keep all colonies strong"
where one has out-yards that he can
visit only once in 10 days or 2 weeks.

Ag-ainst Handling' the Bees Dur-
ing- the Honey-Flow

A good many of our best apiarists
advise' working with bees in time of a
good honey-flow. That is very good
advice in some cases, but there are se-

rious objections to working with bees
in time of a heavy honey-flow, one of
the worst being the killing of bees. At
such times the bees are all filled with
honey, and are very much disposed not
to get out of the way while manipu-
lating them, and are crushed. Then,
another objection is, it seriously hinders
them from their work, and at a time,
too, that we can least afford it, for
the honey-flow is usually short at best,
and the least disturbance during such
times is by far the best, provided, of
course, you are sure they have plenty
of room. My advice is to watch and
study your locality and if you don't
know when to expect your main honey-
flow, you should by all means find out,
and do the principal part of the work
with the bees just before it starts. Ther>
let the bees alone — if you are sure they
have plenty of room — until the flow is
about over.

I am off to my 3 out-yards to see
how the bees are doing this evening,
(June 17). The weather is hot and
dry, and a light flow is on from mes-
quite. I want to put on shade-boards,
and help the bees in every possible way
[ can, so as to get them built up
good and strong by the middle of July.
That is when we expect the sumach
to bloom here. If we don't get more
rain, though, the bloom will be very
light. L. B. Smith.

Rescue, Texas.

After all, Mr. Smith, / still believe

August, 1907.

American Bee JournaJJ

that a bee-keeper can keep his colonics
iikvays strong if he is a bec-kecper.
'lake, for instance, the case of Dr. C. C.
Miller, of Illinois. The season there
was not unlike ours. Warm weather
caused bees to breed up and become
strong, when the cold snap came upon
them. Now, Dr. Miller, old and ex-
perienced bee-man that he is, knew, or
thought he knew, that his bees were
suffering, and would come through
weak. fBut did they? No, there were
just enough stores for them, and they
were strong in bees, and in fine con-
dition when warm weather came again.
Then, the Doctor ivas bee-keeper enough
to examine them — found them at the
starving-point, and gave them nice, fat
combs of sealed honey from his re-
serve stock, and, presto! his bees are
in fine condition for the harvest.

It might be intimated that the locality
had something to do with it, especially
since Illinois and Texas are quite a
few paces from each other. But hold,
just a bit south of Rescue, Tex., there
is a fellow who did exactly what Dr.
Miller did — not with only one yard, but
a dozen of them.

Distance and locality had very little
to do with it in this instance, for, let
us jump up into Michigan (see editorial,
Bee-Keepers' Review, page 179). Ex-
actly the same condition still farther
north, and making a greater distance
between Mr. Hutchinson's apiaries and
my own here.

Leaving plenty of honey in the fall,
equalizing stores in the spring and giv-
ing protection to the hives in the spring.
if they are not already in a sheltered
place, will help much in keeping colo-
nies strong throughout even a season
such as this one.

It will be only fair for me to re-
mark that North Texas, where Mr.
Smith resides, is a peculiar one for bees
in the spring. There is very little natu-
ral resource for them in the early spring,
compared with most localities, and this
is later followed by an entire dearth
until about July I. It is a problem
to keep bees over this "gap," in good
condition. All the stores are used up
in spring in rearing brood, (no matter
how much honey is left in them. Colo-
nies "rich" in stores will swarm, only
to starve later, unless helped. This is
a problem to be contended with there.

Work for Improvement

A picture of much interest to many
of us nowadays is shown here. Al-
though box-hives are a thing of the
past in many localities, there are still
a few of them.

Now for the improvement that could
be worked for in an apiary of this
kind: First, the very style of hives does
not allow of proper manipulation of the
bees, etc., hence best results can not be
obtained. Control over the bees is ham-
pered to such an extent that the race
of bees is far from a good one; and this
combination with an over-abundance of
swarms, can mean only a meager in-
come for the owner who claims to ob-
tain an average of "a gallon of strained
honey apiece from the good colonies

New
Way

during a good season." .An average
of 12 pounds !

Far Ijettcr to transfer the bees to mod-
ern hives, double up the number of
colonies, introduce good queens, pre-
vent, as far as possible, an over-abund-
ance of swarms, and obtain much larger
yields of superior surplus honey, an in-
creased income, with less "fussing."

There is a difference between these
two apiaries. In one, the owner prides
himself with the number of "gums" he
has; in the other, how much surplus
honey he obtains from his colonies, and

how much pleasure and profit they real-
ize him.

We know that the larger the num-
ber of colonies in a given location, the
more honey is consumed before any
surplus goes to their owner. I have
preferred intensive bee-keeping rather
than extensive: but, of course, this does
not mean that bees should not be kept
extensively at the same time. Keep
better colonies — not only a large num-
ber— and make all there is in it out of
them, is a good rule for all of us to
go by.

Canadian

Conducted by J. L. BYER, Mount Joy. Ont.

^>o

Another Poop Honey Season

The clover has come and gone, and
from reports to hand the honey crop
from that source is but little better
than the year 1906. The poor condi-
tion of the bees in general throughout
Ontario, to a certain extent explains
this result for some sections, but in our
own immediate district there was almost
no honey in the clover. Just why, is

hard to explain, as the clover was in
splendid condition, and the weather, at
least some of the time, simply ideal.
True, it has been very dry with us, yet
many a time I have secured good crops
when it was much dryer than this year.
In my 3 yards only 8 swarms issued, and
6 of these came in fruit-bloom. Colo-
nies in the home-yard that about filled
a super from fruit-bloom, did not store
10 pounds from the clover. With two

626

August, 1907.

American Vee Journal

years in succession being failures, the
outlook is certainly somewhat discour-
aging; but as our average from clover
for the 7 preceding years was about lOO
pounds per colony, we still look for a
return period of prosperous years. Any
way, as the President of the Ontario
Association said last year in his address,
"We are one year nearer a large crop,
than we were a year ago."

The basswood looks well and is just
opening, and as I write (July 22) we
are having a splendid rain. With favor-
able weather we might get some honey
from that source, but basswood, with us,
is such an uncertain yielder that any
honey from it will come as a happy
surprise. Quite an acreage of buck-
wheat has been sown, so there is a pos-
sibility that the bees may get enough at
least for winter stores.

Heavy Loss of Bees

During the past month I have been in
different sections throughout Central
Ontario, and the thing that has struck
me most forcibly is the tremendous loss
of bees during last spring and winter.
Fifty percent would not be an exaggera-
tion, and while the heaviest losses are
among the farmers who have bees, yet
many of the specialists have been hit —
and hit hard, too. One thing is certain,
for the ne.xt few years, for what honey
is obtained, good prices are assured.

Another thing that has impressed me,
is the great carelessness that so many
bee-keepers show in the care (?) of
their bees, and the wonder is that some
have any bees left at all. In differ-
ent places one will find section-cases on
the hives without any foundation in the
sections, and, in a few places, cases with-
out even empty sections in. It reminds
one of the Egyptian taskmasters who
forced the Israelites to make "bricks
without straw" ; and yet these same bee-
keepers will wonder why their bees
"don't do well!"

Needless to say, when foul brood is
found in bees kept under such lax con-
ditions, it means a lot of trouble for the
bee-keepers, inspector, and all con-
cerned. _

Requeening- Colonies

At the Chicago-Northweistern Con-
vention last year, the following question
was asked :

"Shall we requeen colonies having old
queens, or let the bees do the work
of superseding?"

In the discussion on this question,
opinions were about equally divided,
such veterans as Dr. Miller, Hutchin-
son and others were undecided in their
views; Taylor, Abbott and some others
would leave the matter to the bees ; and
Mr. France would practice requeening.

My own experience would lead me to
say that if we know that a queen is
about to fail, by all means supersede
her, as here, in "our locality," the bees
do not always, by any means, attend to
the matter. As one member pointed out,
queens are not all old at the same age,
some playing out at one year, while
others will give good service at 3 or 4

years. Yet, as a rule, queens in their
third year are not to be depended upon.
As an exception to this rule I might
mention the fact that last year we had
a queen that was 7 years old. There
was no mistake about this at all, as the
queen — a Carniolan — was clipped, and
up to the 6th year her colony was al-
ways one of the best in the yard. In
the spring of her Sth year, the queen
looked more like a large ant than a
queen-bee, and the hive was marked
for supersedure. In the spring of her
6th year she was still there, looking
much the same; and in i9o6^her 7th
year — the colony was only in medium
condition, the queen hardly able to
crawl around, a daughter taking her
place during fruit-bloom.

Previous to the past spring, nearly
my entire loss during winter and spring
wajs from {^ihng queens ; and I think
I am safe in saying that fully 90 per-
cent of the weak colonies I have exam-
ined this year have been headed by old,
failing queens. By all means, let us
requeen more, and not trust to the bees
to do their own superseding.

Making- Increase by Dividing'
Colonies

Methods of Rendering Beeswax

A short time ago, while traveling, I
met a gentleman who is proprietor of a
silver-plating establishment. Finding
that I was a bee-keeper, he informed
me that they used a very large amount
of beeswax in their factory in the proc-
ess of manufacturing their different
wares. He was anxious to buy wax,
but would do so only by having samples
first submitted for trial, as he said that
wa.x rendered by certain processes was
absolutely useless for their purpose. He
referred to the process of pressing out
the wax under hot water, and said they
had bought a large quantity of wax ren-
dered in this way, and that they could
not use it. Wax from cappings was
not suitable for their purpose, either;
the ideal wax for their use being that
rendered from old combs in the cold-
press — the Hatch-Gemmill for instance.

While wa,x rendered by thei hot-water
press is all right for foundation pur-
poses, from unbiased reports to hand,
there seems to be no question that for
some purposes it is not as good as wax
taken by the old processes.

Only a few days ago I received a let-
ter from a prominent Ontario bee-keep-
er who has both styles of presses. He
says: "The hot-water press gets all the
wax all right, but the quality of wax
is not nearly so good as that taken from
the Hatch-Gemmill." Although he has
the hot-water press, yet he first puts
the old combs through the unheated
press, and afterwards runs the slumgum
through the other machine.

While on the subject of wax-presses,
I believe the writer owes the American
Bee Journal readers an apology for not
reporting, as promised, results of ex-
periments in heating some hundreds of
pounds of slumgum with the Hershiser
press. By way of excuse, I will say
that circumstances have prevented me,
up to the present, from doing the work.
However, the slumgum is still on hand,
and as soon, as the work is done, re-
sults will be published.

In the present article I wish to call
attention to a few of the details of
"shook" swarming that are of prime im-
portance if this method of handling bees
is to be made a success.

When increase is desired part of the
bees and queen are shaken out in front
of a hive placed on the old stand and
fitted with frames of foundation or
drawn-out combs. The old brood-combs
with some adhering bees are then placed
upon a new stand, and the queen-cells
already started are allowed to remain.
To prevent after-swarming only one or
two of the best cells are left, 'and from
these the mother of the colony is pro-
duced.

This plan has several very severe
faults, and, if practised for any length
of time, will result in a deterioration
of the whole yard. Chief among the
objections to it might be mentioned
three that are of primary importance :

First. — The shaken swarm on the old
stand is not as strong in bees as it
might be, because part of the bees have
been left with the brood.

Second. — Much of the brood set on
the new stand will perish, especially
the younger portion of it, even if a
considerable quantity of bees are left to
look after it.

Third. — The resulting queens are
about the most worthless productions
that it is possible for the bee-keeper to
turn out.

A plan that will give all the bees to
the shaken swarm, and dispose of the
brood in such a way that it is all saved,
and at the same time give opportunities
for a considerable increase if desired,
is outlined below.

First, set aside several colonies that
are strong enough to enter supers read-
ily if such should be given. These are
to be used as nurse-colonies for the
brood taken from the shaken swarms,
and when the season has advanced so
that preparations for swarming have
commenced in some colonies, take away
all the brood from such, and replace
with frames of foundation. During this
operation smoke the bees well and see
that they have filled up with honey.
Clean all the bees off the brood-combs,
and let them run in with the rest, and
give them back their supers. This puts
all the bees in with the shaken swarm.

Go over the brood and destroy the
queen-cells that may have been started.
Put queen-excluders on the nurse-colo-
nies and divide this first lot of brood
up among two or three in supers placed
above the queen-excluders. By using
judgment, and not giving a colony at
first more brood than it can attend to,
the brood-combs will all be looked af-
ter, and the nurse-colony to which they
have been given will increase in bees
at a surprising rate. In a very short
time the supers can be filled out with
brood-combs taken from other shaken
swarms, and after these have been in
the hive for a few days, whole supers
of combs can be added at a time, until
the hive is several stories high above
the queen-excluder, .^fter these brood-
combs have been tiered up for a week

August, 1907.

[American Hee Journal

or 10 days they are in prime condi-
tion to divide up for nuclei. The un-
capped brood will all be sealed over, and
cells from which the young bees have
hatched out will be filled up with fresh
honey, and the hive will be runnirig
over with young bees that will stay in
a new location.

To start the new colonies take from
2 to 4 combs with adhering bees, give
them a ripe queen-cell, and place on
the stand they are to occupy. E.xamine
in 10 or 12 days, and if eggs are pres-
ent in the combs the young queen has
hatched out and mated; give them more
room as needed, and if any further
shaking is done after the nuclei are
made up, the combs from such can be
distributed among them, one or two to
each, depending upon their strength and
ability to look after the uncapped brood.
This uncapped brood in the nuclei will
indicate whether or not a queen is pres-
ent. The bees will start queen-cells
upon it should she be missing. If such
is the case then insert another cell.
Should the honey-flow drop ofT sud-
denly it would be as well to stimulate
these nuclei with a little thin sugar sy-
rup and by fall they will be the best
colonies in the yard.

In order to get ripe quccn-cells at the
proper time there is no simpler or better
way than by saving the cells from some
of the best colonies that have swarmed.
Instead of shaking these colonies let
them swarm out, and hive the swarm
on a new stand. The brood and queen-
cells will then have the best of care,
and in about 6 days after the swarm
has issued, cut out the best cells care-
fully and proceed to make up the nu-
clei as outlined above, giving one cell
to each. This work must be done very
carefully — no jarring the combs that the
cells are on, nor injuring them in any
way.

If one is acquainted with Doolittle's
method of transferring larvae into pre-
pared cups, and giving them to a popu-
lous colony above a queen-excluder,
there is no better way to secure ripe
cells at this time of the year. True,
this method requires some study and
experience, but it is time well spent by
any bee-keeper, for not only are the
queens obtained by it first-class in ev-
ery respect, but it has the further ad-
vantage of hatching them out at ex-
actly the time they are required. — F. P.
Adams, in Canadian Bee-Journal.

Brantford, Ont., June i.

Testing for Honey-Gathering.

D. M. M. says (British Bee Journal,
192) :

"In selecting a queen-mother I would
place her honey-gathering^ualities high
above any other trait, but the query
arises in my mind — Have even the so-
called "tested" queens ever been tested
as to their abilities in this line? Cer-
tainly not in nine cases out of ten."

That's a very cautious statement. Is
there any such testing in 1 case out of
10? In I out of 100?

Jarring Embryo Queens.

It is a common thing to caution be-
ginners against handling roughly a
queen-cell or letting it drop, as the jar
may result in a crippled queen. John
W. Moir (British Bee Journal, page
217) suggests carrying this a step fur-
iher, making practical use of it to pre-
vent swarming. He asks, "Might it not
be possible to go around an apiary once
a week, and, lifting every brood-cham-
ber so many inches, let it drop sud-
dendly, and thus kill the embryo queens
in every cell where they might be?"

But because the fall of a queen-cell
may cripple the embryo queen, it does
not follow that one would be killed
without a jar sufficient to crash the en-
tire fabric.

Annual Renew.\l of Combs.

In this country old combs are in good
repute, a comt being considered all

right so long as there is no objection
to it besides age. But in England and
in Europe it is the practise, at least with
some, to renew combs every 5 years,
or oftener. One writer in the British
Bee Journal even goes so far as to re-
new combs annually, counting this a
help to avoid foul brood. G. W. Avery,
British Bee Journal, page 235, raises a
protest against such extravagance.
While not advocating keeping combs
in use so long as 25 years, he cites an
instance of combs being kept in use
that length of time without any detri-
ment. It is doubtful if any real ob-
jection can be raised against mere age
in combs, unless it be that after 50
years or so they might need a trifle
wider spacing on account of the thick-
ened septum.

Dead-Be.\t Honey-Buyers.

General Manager France is collect-
ing a list of these, which he will send
to any member of the National who
applies for it. To many this will be
worth alone several times the annual
fee of $1.00. Of course, any one who
has discovered any of these dead-beats
should report the same to Mr. France,
Platteville, Wis.

.\utomobiles Condemned.

W. Woodley (British Bee Journal,
page 223) complains that the great
amount of dust raised by passing mo-
tors settles in the nectaries of flowers

for some distance in adjoining fields.
Hedges that were formerly white with
bloom in June are now practically
bloomlcss because the road authorities
keep the hedges cut low so that motor-
ists can see each other coming.

Controlling Queen-Fertilization.

The matter of control of the fertiliza-
tion of queens has generally been given
up as impracticable, if indeed desirable.
A tent has not been immensely success-
ful, and if it is ever made a success
it will probably be a very large tent,
hence expensive. Editor Root has been
raking among the archives of a quarter
of a century ago, and from Gleanings
for April 15, 1882, produces the follow-
ing item :

"Last season Dan White took all the
wingless queens he found, tied a delicate
silk thread around their bodies, hitched
it to tall pole, when the drones were
out thick, and let them buzz around with
the stumps of their wings. Three out of
ten were fertilized, and he has ihem
laying now."

Dan White is considered a reliable
man, and if he could succeed with 30
percent of the wingless queens, might
not success be still greater with those
having whole wings? As an improve-
ment, Editor Root proposes to substi-
tute for the pole a toy balloon. This,
with enough string, would go higher
than any pole, and the balloon being
anchored below could be hauled down
at intervals for observation. It might
be added that if, for any reason, wing-
less queens were better, it would not
be a difficult feat to make any queen
wingless.

Deep Tank for Clearing Honey.

It is not an easy thing rapidly to get
rid of the minute air-bubbles in ex-
tracted honey that give it a cloudy ap-
pearance. Walter S. Ponder takes ad-
vantage of increased weight by increased
depth, using a tank 30 inches deeep and
12 inches in diameter. The weight of
the 30 inches of honey above causes
a more rapid rising of the air-bubbles
at the lower part, and at this lower
part the clear honey is drawn ofif. He
says that this clearing retards granula-
tion, preventing "that soapy appearance
that occurs when jars are heated after
being filled." — Gleanings, page 966.

Carbolic acid for Swarms.

A bottle of dilute carbolic acid, a
piece of sponge, and a long pole, are
recommended in Prakt. Wegweiser to
be always on hand in the apiary at
the swarming-time. If a swarm settles
in a high or undesirable place, quickly
pour some acid on the sponge, thrust it
up where the swarm is, and like a cloud
the bees scatter. If the swarm settles
in a place still undesirable, the act is
to be repeated, and the tendency each
time is for the swarm to settle lower;
but the editor warns that too many
repetitions may cause the swarm to
leave.

Moth-Infested Skep.

In the British Bee Journal a cor-
respondent with a colony of bees in
a skep badly infested with bee-moth
asks whether he shall set the skep over

628

August, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

a frame-hive to save the brood. The re-
ply is, "On no account would we put
the skep above a stocked frame-hive.
To do so would carry the wax-moth
pest into the latter." On this side a
strong colony would count it "a pic-
nic" to clean out that skep. But it
must be remembered that in- England
blacks are in favor, which is quite an-
other affair. One of the strong points
of Italians is the readiness with which
they clean out the wax-moth.

Putting Empty Supers Over Full
Ones.

"Never put an empty super over one
which is filled. Bees do not like to
pass over the honey." That's the ad-
vice given in L'Apiculture Nouvelle,
page 164. While it may not be to the
taste of the bees to pass over full
combs to work on empty ones, yet not a
few good bee-keepers in this country
oblige them to do so. In the case of
extracted honey, E. D. Townsend says
that if the empty super be placed over
the full one, the brood-nest will not
be extended up into it as when placed
under. In the case of comb honey,
even those who place the empty sections
under during the early part of the flow,
place them above toward the close of
the season, when I, 2, or more full
supers must be traversed to reach the
empty ones.

Big Price for Honey in South Africa.

In The American Bee-keeper it is re-
ported that D. Cairncross, Pretoria, So.
Africa, gets an average of 70 sections
per colony, which are never sold at
less than 2 shillings 6 pence each. Think
of 62 cents a section for honey !

The Prevention of Sagging.

In the American Bee-keeper, page 145,
is given a plan to prevent foundation
sagging in brood-combs that is said to
be very successful. The process is pro
tected by patent, and is as follows:

"After the sheets of foundation havt
been secured in the frames, by any 01'
the methods usually employed, it is
placed upon a board similar to that
used in imbedding wires. A small paint-
brush is dipped into melted beeswax and
3 or 4 dextrous strokes applied lightly
to the side-walls on each side of tht-
foundation along the top and down-
ward towards the center, where the
sagging is usually apparent."

Hardiness of Golden Bees.

An editorial in Gleanings saying that
golden bees were bad in the matter of
spring dwindling, has called forth a note
in Gleanings from Doolittle & Clark,
page 889, in which particulars are given
showing that their goldens come through
good and strong. There is a wide dif-
ference in the hardiness of goldens ; all
of them are not of the same origin,
and some strains seem of feeble con-
stitution.

Bee-Moth a Good Thing — In Some
Respects.

"1 do not look upon the wax-moth as
entirely an enemy to bee-keeping, as
there is no doubt that they render harm-
less many a bee-tree, hive, or other re-
pository in which the bees have built

combs and in which the disease foul-
brood lingers." — R. F. Holtermann,
Gleanings, page 906.

FooT-RooM when Uncapping or Ex-
tracting.
When one has an extractor or un-
capping fixture so arranged that the
whole affair comes down to the floor
for the toes to strike against, the slight
stooping over thus produced is tire-
some. C. W. Dayton (Gleanings, page
909) avoids this fatigue by having the
apparatus raised enough for the feet to
go under.

Washington State Commission Law.

The State of Washington is making
an experiment which will be watched
with considerable interest in all parts
of the country. A law was recently
passed by the legislature of that State,
compelling all commission houses to file
a bond. Houses not rated at more than
$20,000 have to put up $3,000 for the
faithful performance of their duty to-
ward those who ship goods to them.
Another provision is that an account-
sales must be sent to the shipper within
48 hours after the receipt of the goods.^
Gleanings, page 890.

That seems to make a safe thing of
sending on commission, but will not
being obliged to sell within 48 hours
result sometimes in very low prices?
Is it not possible that there is a mis-
take in the matter, and that the law
requires an account sales within 48
hours of the sale of the goods?

Alexander Plan for Weak Colonies.

J. L. Byer says in tilie Canadian Bee
Journal, page 163 :

This spring I have received several

reports from bee-keepers who have tried
the .A.le.xander system of tiering up weak
colonies over strong ones. While these
reports have been somewhat contradic-
tory, it is noticeable that where success
is reported, the bees were pure Ital-
ians, and where failure attended the
plan, in most cases the bees were blacks
and hybrids.

A Cow with a Sweet Tooth.

R. F. Whiteside says in the Canadian
Bee Journal, page 178:

"My old cow tipped over 10 or 12
supers full of extracting combs (left
for the bees to lick out) and ate clean
up over 100 good combs for the sake
of the honey in them, last November,
when I was at the Toronto Bee Con-
vention."

Give the Bees Their Share,

There are some who think it poor
economy to cheat the bees out of their
well-earned stores. E. G. Hand says,
in Canadian Bee Journal, page 180:

"The writer prefers not to be greedy
any more, but to let the outside lower
combs be filled solid with the best honey
there is, which is none too good for
the bees in their long winter confine-
ment."

Poor Consolation.

Aunt Lucindy was in deep distress
over the loss of her son Jim, and a
neighbor sought to console her, say-
ing:

"Don't grieve for him, Aunt Lucindy.
He has gone to a land flowing with
milk and honey."

With a dismal countenance, the old
darky replied:

"Jim never did like milk, an' honey
always made him sick."

Docfor NKIer^

%estloir;B0x^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

DR. C. C. MILLER, Marengo, III.

Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Dividing Colonies— Introducing
Queens- Putting on Sections

1. Will bees do all right if they are
divided with brood-comb and no queen?

2. How late can I divide them and
have them do well?

3. What is the best time to introduce
a queen? Do I have to kill the old
queen before I put in the new queen?

4. What time is best to put on sec-
tions? Nebraska.

Answers. — i. They may do all right.
and they may do all wrong. If they
are strong enough, especially in young
bees, and have eggs or very young
brood, they may rear a queen of their
own and be all right. But a full colony

is none too strong to have a queen-cell
up to the time it is sealed. If you
give your nucleus, or divided part, a cell
nearly ready to hatch, then it is likely
to come out all right,

2. That depends on the season. Some
years, and in some places, a colony
might be divided in the last of August
and do well, but if there is little pas-
turage after that time it would be a
failure.

If you are going to make such di-
vision, merely separating the colony into
2 parts and leaving to the bees the rest,
let me suggest that you do it as soon
as possible, and proceed in this way:
Take half the brood and bees and queen,
and put in a hive in a new place, leav-

August, 1907.

American "Bgc Journalj

iiig part on the old stand. The flyinp;
force will be on the old stand, and
being strong that part onght to rear a
good queen. There is a possibility that
a swarm might issue in something like
'2 weeks after the division.

3. Any time when bees are doing well
and gatiiering. Generally the old queen
is removed before the new queen is
introduced. Sometimes the new queen
is caged in the hive perhaps 48 hours
before the old queen is removed, then
the old queen is removed, and at the
same time the candy is left exposed in
the cage, so that the bees can liberate
the new queen. This latter plan is
safer.

4. As soon as, or a little before, there
is " anything for the bees to store in
them. In white clover regions that will
be about as soon as clover is in bloom.

I.ct me advise you very strongly to get
a book of instruction on bee-keeping.
It may be worth several times its cost
to you, for a good book of that kind
might double j'our success.

Late Reared Queens— Wintering Vir-
gin Queens

1. How late in the season can queens
be reared and mated?

2. Can virgin queens be wintered over
in nuclei, and mated in the spring?

Oregon.

Answers. — -i. That depends on the
season. If honey is yielding, any time
through September. But you are not
likely to have good queens if you rear
them too late, and losses on wedding
flights will be greater.

2. I doubt it.

Nucleus and Swarming Questions

1. Two years ago I sent away and
got 2 3-frame nuclei of bees. I will
designate them as No. i. and No. 2.
Xo. I I put into an 8-frame hive on full
frames of old comb; No. 2 in a 10-
frame hive with old comb. No. i in the
8-frame hive built up and gave me
one swarm. I hived them on the old
stand. They built up and swarmed
again, and gave me 30 pounds of section
honey. No. 2 did not swarm, and gave
me no honey last year (1906). No. i
gave me a number of swarms and 100
pounds of section honey. No. 2 did
no swarming and made no section
honey; and this season No. I is doing
fine, while No. 2 has done no swarm-
ing, nor has it done anything in the
sections. No. i has sent out 2 swarms
and is working well in the sections.

What is the trouble with No. 2? What
can I do to make them more profitable?
They seem to be fairly strong and have
a queen and brood, but never have
swarmed nor given me any honey.

2. If when the first, or prime, swarm
comes out and is hived on the old
stand with the old colony beside it,
and in 6 or 8 days the old colony is
moved and it should send out an after-
swarm in a few days after being moved,
would it do to put them in with the
prime swarm on the old stand, or would
it be better to put them back with the
old or parent colony?

3. Which would be best for the pro-
duction of section honey?

4. If put back with the old swarm,
would it be bettor to put them back
at once, or have them on empty frames,
and in 24 hours restore them?

5. Would it be all right to return a
prime swarm if one did not care for
increase? If so, how should one pro-
ceed to do it? Maine.

Answers. — i. It looks very much as
if the trouble lay in the character of
the bees themselves. If that is the
real difficulty, the remedy lies in chang-
ing the stock, which you may do by
replacing the queen with one reared
from your colony of better stock.

2. Generally there should be no trou-
ble in either case, but they would be
more certain to be received kindly if
returned to the mother colony; in fact,
there would be no question about such
reception. But the usual thing would
be not to hav? any second swarm when
the treatment you mention is used.

3. Returning to the swarm, probably
as the mother colony is generally so
reduced that it does little in sections.

4. Generally it would make no differ-
ence. But if there was any danger
of further swarming it would be bet-
ter to wait 24 hours before returning,
for in that time the surplus queens
would likely be put out of the way.

S- Yes, but you would be likely to
have a good bit of returning to do,
But if you are willing to return the
swarm every time it issues, the result
will be very satisfactory, in all proba-
bility. But you can cut out most of the
swarming in this way: When the prime
swarm issues, return it, killing the old
queen. You can kill her before you re-
turn the swarm or after. Then some-
where in the neighborhood of 8 days
a swarm will probably issue with the
first of the young queens. Have it in
a separate hive, and a day or 2 later
return to the old hive.

Storing Honey Near tlie Apiary

Can I store honey in or near my
apiary without the bees "fussing"
around the box or house in which it is
stored? The box, of course, is bee-
tight. • Illinois.

Answer. — If you store honey so that
the smell can escape, you may count
on the bees "fussing" about it at times
when forage is scarce. Especially is
this the case when first put there. Af-
ter they have tried to get into it, and
failed, they are finally likely to give
it up.

Bees Don't Worli in Supers

I have lately started to keep bees.
I have both Itailians and blacks. The
hives are full, but the bees won't work
in the supers. Why? New Jersey.

Answer. — Without knowing anything
more about the case it is not easy to
be sure just why the bees do not work
in the supers. The safest guess is that
they don't need to, there being too little
honey gathered to make it necessary to
store it outside the brood-chamber. If

there is really anything for them to
store in supers, you can hasten a begin-
ing by putting some sort of a bait in the
supers. If you have any sections that
have been partly filled and then emptied,
they will make good bait. In lack of
anything else you may put into a sec-
tion a piece of comb cut out of a brood-
comb. If you use extracting-supers, no
bait is needed other than drawn-out
combs, although if you put a comb from
the brood-chamber in the extracting-su-
per (provided the frames in both apart-
ments are of the same size), the bees
will start storing there at once if they
have anything to store.

Italian Bees and Yellow Bands

1. Do Italian bees ajll show yellow
bands? If some show less, what are
they ?

2. I have one colony that has two
kinds of drones. About half show yel-
low bands, while the others do not. The
workers do not all show 3 yellow bands.
What race are they? Texas.

Answers.— I. The workers of Italians
should show 3 yellow bands, but the first
band — ^the one nearest the head — is nar-
rower and more indistinct than the other
two. If some of them show less than 3,
they are hybrids.

2. The drones are not uniform, and
only the workers are reHed on to decide
purity. Your colony of bees that do not
all show 3 yellow bands are hybrids, un-
less some bees have entered from other
hives — a thing that often occurs. To be
entirely sure, examine the young bees
that have not left the hive; if all of
those have 3 yellow bands you may
count them Italians.

Balled Queen- Jumtoo and Dadant-
Blatt Hives

1. When passing through the bee-
yard a few days ago, I saw a ball of
bees at the entrance of one of the hives,
and placing my firmer-chisel back of the
ball I threw it out on the ground in
front of the hive. Then I smoked the
bees till the ball opened so that I could
see a queen-bee inside. I caged the
queen, and then made an examination
of the colony. I found only one queen-
cell, and that was sealed. When super-
seding a queen do bees often kill her
at this stage of (he operations?

2. What is the difference between the
Dadant hive and the Jumbo hive? I
have some hives with bodies 20 inches
long and 12 inches deep, made to take
ID frames. Such hives, I beheve, were
called in Europe the "Dadant - Blatt"
hives. After making and using some of
these hives for quite a while I began to
read in the bee-papers about the Jumbo
hive. Does it differ from the Dadant-
Blatthive? Iowa.

Answers. — i. Unless I am very rnuch
mistaken, the case you mention is a
very unusual one. So many cases have
been reported in which the mother and
the superseding daughter were in the
same hive together that it is not con-
sidered the rarity it was some years
ago. If no further queen-cells were
started, the existence of the colony

August, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

would be jeopardized by the killing of
the queen. You do not say whether the
queen had been laying continuously,
leaving eggs and brood in all stages
present. If no unsealed brood was
present, it may be that the queen was
no longer capable of laj-ing, hence voted
of no value by the bees, in which case
it would not seem so very strange that
they should get rid of her. But if the
eggs were still present, I should feel
inclined to inquire whether the queen
you found balled had not come from
some other hive, the queen belonging
to the colony still remaining at work.
Of course, you could decide this by see-
ing whether laying continued after the
removal of the queen.

2. Tlie Jumbo hive is a modification
of the Langstroth hive made for the
benefit of those who might wish to try
a deeper frame without the expense of
making an entirely permanent change.
The only difference is that hive and
frame are in the neighborhood of 2
inches deeper (2% inches deeper, if
memory serves'), so that they could be
cut down to the regular depth if the
owner desired to change back. More-
over, cover and bottom-board would be
the same for the Jumbo as for the
shallower hive. The Dadant, or Quin-
by, frame is 185/2x1114, the same depth
as the Jumbo, but '.s longer. I'm not
sure whether the Dadant-Blatt is the
same thing.

Queen and Nuclei Questions

I. Some time ago I started to make
a few nuclei, taking one frame (with
adhering bees with nearly all of the
brood sealed in each frame) from each
colony, the youngest larva; or brood not
over 6 days in these frames, and there
was very little of this unsealed brood
in each frame used to form these nuclei,
and the most of the nuclei formed were
made 2-frame strong, but I made 2 nu-
clei with 4 frames in each hive, and all
of the nuclei were given a mated queen
that had laid in nuclei before, and the
queens were given to the nuclei in in-
troducing-cages, one day to 3 days after
the nuclei were formed. The 4-frarae
nuclei that I formed I gave a queen in
cage 3 days after they were formed, and
these 4-frame nuclei killed the queens
some time after they had commenced to
lay eggs in the frames. Now the two 4-
frame nuclei had queen-cells started with
at least 6-days-old larvae in the cells
when I was about to put in the cages to
them, but they were destroyed, and the
next time I looked at these 4-frame nu-
clei I found tliat the queens had started
to lay, but had been killed, and that the
bees had started to make queen-cells
from the eggs in the frames where the
dead queens had laid. I took away the
frames that the queens had laid eggs in,
and then gave them virgin queens, and
when they had released them they killed
them, too. I then gave them a frame
each of newly-laid eggs ; they started
queen-cells at once, and they hatched
out a queen each in these 2 nuclei, ana
these queens are now laying queens.
Why did these bees not want the queei.->
and virgin queens I gave them in intro-
ducing-cages?

2. Is it any safer to introduce queens
to one or 2-frame nuclei in place of a
4-frame or a colony of bees?

3. Or, is tliere any harm if there are
any young larvje in the frames given to
make the nuclei?

■ 4. About what is the right time to
give to a nucleus a queen, or to a col-
ony, after it has been made? That is,
how long should the bees be queenless ?

5. I have the best luck in introducing
queens to bees that have been queenless
for 5 days and over, but not over 10
days.

6. When worker-bees have com-
menced to lay in queenless colonies,
what is the best way to do with them
to get any use of these bees? Is there
any danger in giving them to one or two
colonies that are strong, without being
in danger of killing the queen that I
gave these bees to? Or will queenless
bees given to stronger colonies kill the
queens where they are shaken off?

Nebraska.

Answers. — i. It is an unusual thing
for bees to accept a queen long enough
to allow her to lay, and then to kill
her. Sometimes, however, they do it,
and I don't know why. As a random
guess, perhaps because they are not
entirely satisfied with the queen, but
allow her to lay long enough to give
them the material from which to rear
a successor.

2. Perhaps there is no difference, but
if there is any difference it is safer to
introduce to the weaker.

3. No.

4. It is probably just as well to put
the queen in w'hen the nucleus is first
formed, but of course caged, so that
she will not be liberated for a day or
two.

5. Perhaps you would succeed just
as well to try the Abbott plan. Put the
new queen in the hive without disturb-
ing the old one, the new queen being
in a provisioned cage, and the candy
covered so the bees can not get at it.
After 2 days remove the old queen,
and at the same time the covering from
the candy so that in a day or two the
queen will be hberated by the bees.

6. Break up a colony with laying
workers, distributing bees and combs to
otlier colonies. No danger to the queen
unless you give so many bees from the
faulty colony that they outnumber the
colony to which they are given.

iporf$ and^
experiences^

Air-Slacked Lime for Robber-Bees

I wish to give some experience with
robber-bees among my bees, and the
way I have stopped them. When I
found robbing going on I closed the
hive-entrance till only a single bee
could pass through, and then took air-
slacked lime and applied it freely at all
places where robber-bees were trying to
force an entrance. I applied it directly

on the bees, and awaited results. I could
also find the ones that were robbing.
Cantril, Iowa. Leslie Smith.

Light Honey-Flow

We have a light honey-flow from white and
sweet clover. It began about July 20. The
bees were on short rations till that time. It
looks now as if we would take a little surplus,
with a fair prospect of the bees going into
winter quarters in good condition. It has been
the worst season for queen-rearing I ever
saw. Robert B. McCain.

Oswego, 111., July 25.

Bees Outdoing Themselves

We are in the midst of the basswood honey-
flow, and bees are just outdoing themselves.
We had a nice flow of white clover honey,
so, with the prospects of plenty of buckwheat
for the bees to work on later, we feel pretty
well pleased. C. N. Greene.

Troy, Pa., July 25.

Light Honey-Flow in Mexico

There seems to be a light honey-flo*r here
this summer, owing to the dry weather. I have
increased from 7, spring count, to is, and
all are fairly strong. One swarm issued April
8. I hived it and later moved it to a new
stand. I closed the entrance 24 hours. All
the combs melted down and the bees smoth-
ered. WiLUAM Winkler.

Aldama, Mexico, July 19.

Bees Wintered Badly

I am 7i years, 6 months, and lo days old.
I have been in the bee-business over 30 years,
and have taken the American Bee Journal all
but one or 2 years during the entire time.

December 3, 1906, I put 52 colonies in a
new stone and cement cellar under the house.
On May 15 I removed them to the apiary.
I had so colonies in the worst condition of any
year since being in the business. I think the
iiew cellar and buckwheat honey were re-
sponsible. I now have 63 colonies in good
condition. The white honey-fiow is nearly
over. I have hundreds of sections partly
filled. The weather is rawy and cool here
now.

Success to the American Bee Journal.

D. R. Van Amburgii.

Benzonia, Mich., July 22.

The Pecos Valley Country.

It is some time since I wrote anything for
the .\mcrican Bee Journal. 1 have removed
to Eddy County, New Mexico, which is in the
center of the wonderful artesian belt of the
famous Pecos Valley. I think this is des-
tined to be one of the finest locations in the
world for bees. Near Roswell, which is located
at the upper end of the Valley, there are sev-
eral bee-keepers who get large crops of honey.
I am located 49 miles south of Roswell, on
the Santa Fe Railroad, and this town only
about 2 years old. Land here is comparatively

Roswell is about 15 years old, and land
sown to alfalfa brings $60 to $100 annually
from 5 cuttings, and land is worth $200 to
$300 per acre. Mr. Hagerman has 700 acres
in orchard, which he has refused $1,000 per
acre for. Parker Earl, who was for 16 years
President of the American Horticultural So-
ciety, received $15,000 from one crop of pears
from a lo-acre pear-orchard. This seems like
a fairy tale, but it is true. This locality
has just as good land, and it is real cheap as

The artesian wells are a wonder to behold—
wells that aj.1 you have to do is to open the
valve and the water flows at the rate of from
1500 to 4000 gallons per minute — enough to
irrigate from 160 to 320 acres of land.

Men are planting hundreds of acres to al-
falfa here, and one man near Dayton has 440
acres in orchard. Many have smaller or-
chards. Nearly all unbroken land is covered
with bunches of mcsquite, which grows only
about one to 3 feet high, but has been in
blossom ever since I came here — nearly 4
months. They bear loads of beans in pods,
and I think produce lots of honey. There
are almost no bees in this locality, as

every one who comes here sees a chance to

Auj^ust, 1907

Amc»rican ^ae Journal

make big returns from crops, and consequently
has no time to work with bees.

The land produces wonderful returns here:
Alfalfa $50 to $100 per acre; Kaffir corn $30
to $50 per acre. But any one comiiig here
should first come and investigate, and be shy
of irresponsible land agents who work on
40 and 50 percent commission. I'or that rea-
son 1 have asked the llayton Development
Co., to put an advertisement in this issue.
This Company is composed of Uayton mer-
chants, bankers, and farmers (26 in num-
ber), to help prospectors to choose land,
and buy what they want at the lowest price,
with only a small commission added.

The climate is very healthful, and people
plow here all winter. Oats are sown in the
fall, or any time in winter.

Now, for fear of being accused of boom-
ing the country, I will stop. 1 can't tell any-
thing about my bees, as I brought only one
colony, and they received such rough treat-
ment on the car that they died, but I e.xpect
to get some bees in the spring.

All land must be irrigated to produce crops,
as we have only about 14 inches of rainfall
per year. We are only about 60 miles from
the mountains, and there they have about 50
inches of rainfall, which furnishes the artesian
water. A large reservoir is to be built about
12 miles above Dayton to irrigate 10.000 acres
of land. Land out there is still being home-
steaded, but most of it is taken up. Most
people here are from the North, and Dayton
has a fine school and churches, and very lit-
tle drunkenness. At some future time I will
tell more about bees, as I have my extractor,
40 hives, suiters, several thousand sections,
foundation, and I lack only the bees.

Eddy Co., N. Mex. J. E. Johnson.

Two Queens Laying in Same Hive.

I have one very strong colony of bees, and
about Tune 20 I thought I would look through
them and see if there were any sign of their
swarming, and I found a queen-cell, but already
hatched, so that I thought they had super-
seded their queen; and on July 7 my friend,
J. F. Rvan, came over and we examined the
hive and found both queens laying in it. This
can be vouched for by Mr. Ryan. So I di-
vided the colony into 2.

There does not seem to be much honey com-
ing in yet; but sweet clover is just begin-
ning to bloom. John Dutnall.

Chicago, III., July 15-

Bees Working We'i.

I put 2 weak colonies of bees on top of 2
strong ones this season, and had success with
both. One colonv had wire-cloth placed over
the bee-zinc for 24 hours, and then removed.
The other colony had one thickness of news-
paper put under the zinc and was left there
to be eaten away by the bees. Both colonics
are now on their own stands, and seem to
be doing well. We had copious rains about a
week ago. Since then we have had cool nights
and warm, clear days. The bees are working
well, and I think they have stored a little
honey. Edwin Bevins.

Leon, Iowa, June 29.

Fine Honey-Country.

In case any of the readers of the American
Bee Journal are looking for a good location
for bees, the Bighorn basin in Wyoming can
not be beaten. Texas and California are not
in it. Bees winter nicely here out-doors in
anv kind of a hive. Thev store honey here
from wild flowers and alfalfa. We brought
the first bees in this vicinity 4 y^rs ago this
spring. There was no alfalfa here then, but
they filled their hives chuck - full of an
amber-colored, very clear honey, with a very
superior flavor. I kept bees in California for
IS years, but California is a poor honey coun-
try "beside this. There is no bee-moth here,
and if there is anything here in the insect line
to bother bees I have not found it so far. For
qualitv and quantity the honey crop beats any-
thing I have seen yet. I have no ax to grind.
I am simply telling this for the benefit of
others. I well know what a poor living a lot
of bees make for a bee-keeper that is not in a
good honey country, and I well know what a
nuisance bee-moths, ants, and other insects
are to a bee-keeper. There is no need here of
setting a bee-hive on 4 stakes driven into the
ground, in an irrigating ditch, to keep the
ants out of it, as I have seen in California.
I have no time here to attend to bees. I put
on large supers in the spring of the year.

The super is 24 inches long, is inches wide,
and 12 inches deep. In the fall and winter,
and sometimes in the spring, 1 lift them oft,
and that is all I do to them. I have kept
bees in Oregon, Washington, California, Mis-
souri and Ohio, but here is the place for bee-
keepers to "pitch their tents."

J. D. Kaufman.
Bighorn Co., Wyo., July 15.

Bees Hauling Out Drones.

My bees have not swarmed much this Sea-
son, nor have they stored any honey to speak
of. They spend most of their time hauling
out drones. There will be no white clover
honey to speak of, and but little basswood.
I have put in an acre of buckwheat for fall
feed. E. E. Kennicott.

Glenview, 111., July 7.

Hope for a Fair Crop.

Notwithstanding the cold, backward spring,
for the last 4 weeks the bees have done a fine
business. We hope for a fair crop of honey
yet, H. A. Doty.

Central Lake, Mich., July 11.

Bees Storing in Supers.

Bees are doing fine work now. The weather
is favorable and they are storing some 111 the
supers, and just commencing to swarm.

(Rev.) J. W. StinE.

Durham, Iowa, July 12.

Poor Spring for Bees.

The last was a very poor spring for bees
in this locality. I lost 28 colonies through
winter and spring dysentery, while in the cel-
lar. That seems to be the general complaint
in this vicinity. What are left are doing very
well now. ' Ursom White.

Kimball, Minn., July 10.

He has Bee-Fever.

I started in the spring with 8 colonies. I
divided 3 and increased to 11; I took 5 out of
trees, one out of a porch, and one out of a
chimney; bought one, and transferred 2 for
the bees. I now have 21 colonies. I have the
bee-fever, my wife says.

RuFus Thompson.

Albany, Oreg., July 3-

Not a big Crop Expected.

We have had a very bad spring for bees.
I lost none in wintering, but lost several colo-
nies in April on account of the bad, cold
weather. I have 45 colonies now, well-filled
below, and they are commencing to work in
the supers. Basswood will be late this year.
It will be in bloom in about a week. We may
get some honey yet, but I do not look for a
big crop. I w-ill report later.

Wm. Cleary.

Algona, Iowa, July 8.

Nucleus Method of Increase.

Some vears ago I read from the pen of
G. M. D'oolittle the same method of increase
given bv him on page 537. and started out to
try it. I do not run for comb honey, so did
not have any shipping-cases, but as I ahyays
save all boxes that come in my way, especially
those made of thin lumber, I went to this
pile and found one about S or 9 inches square
at the end, and about 15 inches long, that I
thought would do, and started in to make more
out of other boxes. When I got the third one
completed I had no more screen-cloth at hand.
Then for a funnel (I was not near a tin-
shop, nor had I any tin on hand), I again
went to the pile of boxes and found 2 boards,
^-inch thick and 9 or 10 inches by 24. These
with a couple more 5/^-inch thick and 6 inches
wide at the upper end, I tapered down until
when nailed together they made quite a good
funnel. For a tube I took a 3-pound _ fruit-
can body, cut it open, and riveted it in the
proper shape to fit the hole in the nucleus-
box at one end, and covered the opening in
the funnel at the other, and nailed it on to
the funnel.

Armed with these I went to the colonies
where the bees were to spare, one after an-
other, until I had a good, strong swarm in the
box. I soon had all 3 full. Then came wait-
ing, for I did not have material at hand for

more boxes. It occurred to mc that the bees
could just as well remain confined until Ihcy
realized their hopeless queenlcssncss, in a hive
where I wanted them to remain, if I ihadcd
them well, as in any place else.

So I now go around in the morning and
ascertain how many queens I have out, and
immediately set about preparing a hive for
each queen, as follows;

I place in the hive from 2 to 4 or 5 frames
of honey, as there may be much or little to
come in yet; and fill out with frames of full
sheets of comb; set the hive where I want
it to remain; close up the entrance hcc-tight; on
top of this I place an empty hive, over which
I put a frame of screen-cloth so that no bee
can get in or out; on top of this I lay the
cover for the present. Then by 9 or 10
o'clock, when most of the field-bees arc out,
I go around with the nucleus-box and funnel
to hives that can spare the bees and take
out until I have a good, strong colony, being
careful not to get a queen; carry it to the
prepared hive; uncover it, being careful to lay
the screen cover so that I can pick it up
quickly; loosen the fastenings of the door
of the nucleus-box and hold it shut with
my hand while I give it a little jar on the
ground to settle the bees to the side opposite
the door; and, before they have had time to
recover themselves, I dump them into the
hive and cover up quickly with the screen
cover; shade well with boards or green brush.
So I proceed until all my hives are loaded,
using only one nucleus-box.

I leave them in this shape from 4 to 6
hours, when they are ready to accept any
queen. Just before it is too dark to see, I go
around and drop in a queen, and leave them
confined until the evening of the third day.
Then I open the entrance. I keep watch of
them pretty closely until I find the queen lay-
ing. Sometimes the queen fails to get back
from her mating-trip. In such cases I take
steps to get them a queen as quickly as pos-
sible. .

I now make what increase I want in the
above manner in preference to any other. My
main surplus flow begins with sage fromApril
20 to May I, and for about 6 weeks I get
white honey — I think the finest ever. Up
to the beginning of this flow I do all I can
to increase my bees without increasing colo-
nics, and if all has gone well I have booming
colonies. ■, a

About the middle of June darker and ott-
flavored honey begins to make its appearance.
I watch the flora closely, and when I see this
about ready to begin, I extract all white
honey. Then on the darker and not so finely
flavored honey, I make increase as above,
governing the increase by the amount of honey
in sight. These colonies are all headed by
young queens for the next season, which tends
materially to curtail swarming, and in many
other ways gives the apiarist control of the
bees. A- J- BURXS.

San Diego Co., Calif., June 28.

Booming on Clover.

Bees are just booming on clover, with very
little swarming. Some of my colonies have
stored nearly 50 pounds of nice white clover
comb honey. E. M. Lawrence.

Mayfield, N. Y., July 4-

The Season So Far— Bee-Keeping
Children.

Our apiary of about 9° colonies came out
of winter quarters, here at Bridgeport, in
good condition. We had good weather in
March and then followed the long, cold wet
period that lasted nearly all through April
and Mav. Many apiaries in Wisconsin report
very severe losses during this period, but our
loss here was practically nothing. We at-
tribute this largely to our sheltered position
rather than to management. Our hives were
regular single-walled hives, not protected by
outside wrapping. We fed outside when the
weather became warm enough for bees to
fly, but, in spite of all, most of the hives
were very destitute of stores at the coming
of white clover.

Since then there has been abundance of
bloom, consisting of white clover and rasp-
berries mostly, but too much rain has re-
tarded work to a considerable extent. We
gave super-room very promptly, giving strong
colonies two 8-frame Langstroth stories for a
brood-chamber, and have had, to date (July
20th), only 6 swarms to hive at this yard.

Now I will tell of something better than
bees: Mv daughter "Amy," 17 years old, has

August, 1907.

American Hee Journal

entire charge of our yard of 60 colonies at
Monroe, and is doing fine. The losses in
that yard were light also, but a good many
were weakened badly by the adverse condi-
tions. However, they must have built up
nicely as Amy reports that she has about all
the surplus combs on, and will begin to ex-
tract this week.

Amy and her mother are at present occupy-
ing our Monroe home, but the mother can
not go near the apiary. A bee-sting poisons
her so that it is a serious matter.

We want improved stock in our yards, but
it is also a very important and blessed thing
to train a son or daughter to be a practical
bee-keeper, while yet in their teens. I have
now a son and daughter, each of whom are
competent to handle an apiary. My son has
been away to school and has had many
chances to let other things crowd out this
work, but it was very pleasant to me to
hear him say during the past year that he
"loved the bees." Taking into consideration
the stings and trying incidents that will oc-
cur at times, it is a delicate task to train a
boy or girl in such a way that they will be
ready, on reaching early manhood or woman-
hood, to volunteer the above confession. But
I know this: Every father who really loves bee-
culture longs to note a like feeling in the heart
of his child; and when he does recognize it he
values it above all the mere profit that the
bees may furnish in dollars and cents.

I wish that our bee-keepers may have suc-
cess with their bees, but more than all, I
wish them success with their children.

Harry Lathrop,

Crawford Co., Wis., July 20.

Average Yield from Buckwheat per
Acre.

In this locality, bees. like everything else,
are late. I had my first swarm June 29. For
the past 2 weeks they have just about got their
living, and now that white and alsike clovers
are beginning to bloom, I am hoping for some-
thing more. Eight colonies out of 52, in my
apiary, succumbed to the cold, backward
spring.

That story of M. V. Facey's (page 534) is
almost too big to swallow. Seven-hundred-
fifty to 800 pounds of honey from an acre of
buckwheat nearly equals the amount — in pounds
■ — of seed produced; 900 pounds of seed per
acre denotes rather better than an average
yield in this locality, which is not so very
far from Preston.

I can swallow about as many "Buckwheat
Cakes and Honey" as the next one, but when
it comes to "bolting" 800 pounds of honey
from an acre of buckwheat, I'll stand aside
and let Mr. Facey have the floor. His whole
article (which I have read in the "Farmer"),
gives an optimistic view of bee-keeping for
farmers that the facts hardly substantiate.
For the past 10 years, until last season, my
bees had not gathered 50 pounds of buck-
wheat honey, all told, and there has been
plenty of bucjtwheat within reach, too. Per-
haps it's the "climate" (?) A. F. Foote.

Mitchell Co., Iowa, July 3.

Ten-Frame and Heddon Hives.

I am 73 years of age, and have kept bees
over 40 years with varying success, as a side-
line to farming and fruit-growing. I keep
my apiary down to about 20 colonies- some-
times more and sometimes less — by su;othering
them, and extracting honey. Many swarms
went to the woods last year, as I was obliged
to " keep bach " part of the time, and I
could not be at the house watchmg . /or new
swarms, and out in the field at work, at lhe
same time; consequently I had only 11 colo-
nies, mostly Italians, i'n the fall. I lost 4
of them in the winter and one queen which
wintered proved to be a drone-layer, so I
killed her and gave the few bees left in the
hive a queen-cell a week ago, leaving 6 good
colonies.

The actions of my bees this season have
been on a par with the weather — perfectly
idiotic. The first 3 colonies to swarm issued
2 times each, returned both times, and swarmed
at the end of 10 days, accompanied by young
queens. I cut out all the queen-cells but
one in each hive. The 4th swarm was led by a
well-behaved queen, and clustered. I hived
them all right. The 5th swarm I hived twice
in 2 days on frames filled with foundation,
but they absconded to the woods, not stopping
to say good-bye, nor anything else. The 6th
colony sent out a swarm yesterday, which

returned without clustering, and it issued
again today and returned each time. It will
likely be 10 days now before they issue again^
as they have probably lost their queen.

I use mostly lo-frame hives, which take the
Hoffman frame. I also use the Heddon hive,
which is all right until you want to cut out
queen-cells ; then I am sure to miss some of
them, as they seldom are all built between
the cases of shallow frames. To make a sure
thing you must take out each frame and ex-
amine it separately, which is a nuisance. I
much prefer the lo-frame hive on that ac-
count. I am thinking of discarding the Hed-
don hive as I lose too many afterswarms
from it.

I find the American Bee Journal very inter-
esting and instructive, and like it very much.

Highland, Mich., June 23. Wm. Martin.

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS ITEMS

(Continued from page 617)

Wisconsin State Inspector's Report

We have received the following from
Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis.,
who has been Inspector of Apiaries for
Wisconsin for lo years, making him the
oldest in point of service :

April and May, 1907, have been con-
tinuously cold and wet, keeping the bees
in the hives, causing diarrhea in many
hives, and brood-rearing stopped. Spring
losses will be more than in the winter
past. Those that have taken my advice
and protected each hive with building
paper as soon as taken from cellar have
much stronger colonies of bees. When
I began this work, 10 years ago, many

bees several miles away were taking the
disease to their hives.

The crooked combs in hive-bodies, also
in sections of comb honey, showed the
need of better methods. Many thought
that if bees were inspected and disease
found among them, I would burn all
their bees and hives, also present them
a big bill of expenses. 1 was not called
for, nor welcome to many apiaries. Sev-
eral times I was ordered from the prem-
ises, and even threats made if I hesi-
tated. In each case, before leaving, I
explained my duty, the law, how them-
selves to know the several stages of
bee-diseases and treatment; saving all
hives, bees and wax. But few were pre-
pared to save much wax from old combs.
Several years I took with me the best
wax-press on the market (German wax-
press), and helped the bee-keeper save
his wax from diseased combs.

Recently the Hershisher wax-press
has come on the market, which saves
a greater portion of the wax, and is
much cleaner and also safer to render
diseased combs, so that this season I
take on with me where needed in ren-
dering diseased combs, saving the wax
worth 30 cents per pound, so the wax
pays all expenses of treating colonies.
The greater portion of Wisconsin bees
are now healthy, better methods of hand-
ling are in use, and all are pleased to
have me call.

I have organized several local bee-
keepers' associations in Wisconsin for

Hot-Water Wax-Press

A, lever 12 feet long: B, half-barrel; C. standard; D, cleated head or follower; E. block bolted
to bee-house; F, spout for wax when several pressings are wanted; G. underside of upper
head, showing cleats, which should also be in like manner on bottom and inner side of
barrel, so liquid wa.x can easily escape to surface; H, plank under barrel to prevent
botton of barrel being pressed out.

apiaries were diseased. But few bee-
keepers gave their bees much attention.
Scarcely any one knew anything about
bee-diseases, and but three in Wiscon-
sin had cured diseased bees. Where
disease had killed or weakened the colo-
nies of bees so that no honey harvest
was obtained, it was simply called "bad
luck." The bee-keeper saved all the dis-
eased combs for future use when swarms
increased next year.

Diseased hives, old combs full of dis-
eased honey were left exposed where

mutual help and cooperation. It has im-
proved Wisconsin bee-keeping in those
localities greatly. Allow an illustration:
In 1906, the St. Croix Valley Associa-
tion bought their supplies together,
($4000), thus saving much to each
member; and also 7 carloads of honey,
(S carloads to one buyer), all cash at
car door. They now produce more
honey and in much better marketable
shape. All are well pleased.

Methods of Treating Diseased Bees.
I have tried many methods of treat-

August, 1907

American Hee Journal

niont of diseased bees. All drug meth-
ods only check for a time. Baldridgc
method often a success, but sometimes
fails where full combs are used ; but the
so-called "McEvoy method," if carefully
followed, never fails.

State Laws.

Wisconsin was first to have a State
Inspector of Apiaries. Others seeing
the benefit of this law have secured a
similar one. Now California, Colorado,
Connecticut, Idaho, Michigan, Minne-
sota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico,
New York, Ohio, Texas, Utah, Wash-
ington, and Canada, have either County
or State bee-inspectors.

Black Brood or European Foul Brood.

For a few years this disease has been
serious in New York, destroying entire
apiary after apiary, and had it not been
for the careful work of the four New
York Inspectors, all New York bees
would have become extinct, and also in
other States.

In 1906, Dr. Phillips, of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, in charge
of Apicultural Investigations, Washing-
ton, D. C, after carefully investigating
this fatal disease in New York, went to
California, where, with J. M. Rankin,
of the Bureau of Entomology, located at
Chico, Calif., found the same disease in
localities there, in some places quite
serious. From there Dr. Phillips in-
vestigated and found it in Illinois, Mich-
igan and in Indiana in local spots. Seri-
ous wherever found.

Convention Called.

While making these investigations, Dr.
Phillips, by agreement, met August 3,
1906, in Milwaukee, the Michigan and
Wisconsin State Inspectors, and, after
a day's convention, decided to go to-
gether at once to Michigan where the
several stages of this disease could be
seen. August 4-3-6, the above commit-
tee of three inspected several apiaries
diseased with Black Brood or European
Foul Brood. One apiary of once 300
colonies had only 12 diseased colonies
alive; another of 130 colonies with 100
diseased. It was decided that a National
convention of all State and County In-
spectors was much needed, and Novem-
ber 12, at San Antonio, Texas, was se-
lected, it being the day following the
convention of the National Bee-Keep-
ers' Association. This meeting w^as a
valuable one. About 50 bee-keepers, in-
spectors from 14 states, Dr. Phillips, and
Dr. White, were present.

• N. E. France,

Inspector of Apiaries.

Platteville, Wis., May 28, 1907.

Size of Cells in Comb Foundation

William Findlay, of Basco, 111., has
been doing some measuring and com-
paring, and writes as follows:

"In cutting the comb out of some old
box-hives, that had been occupied by
common black bees, I was surprised to
find such superbly built combs in one of
the hives, uniformity of cells and but
little drone - comb, some 170 cells be-
ing counted. Sheets of " Light brood"
foundation were procured from three

manufacturers — A. I. Root Co., Dadant
& Sons, and Gus Dittmer. A compari-
son of the dilTcrcnt makes was made.
The A. I. Root sheet, contained 50 cells
to loj/) inches; Dadant, 49!/^ to I0J4
inches; Dittmer, 50 to 105-16 inches. A
comparison was made with the worker-
comb of the box-hives, and a Root sheet
of foundation. A horizontal range of
cells, counting from 24 to 48, were com-
pared, the comparison, as to count and
distance, often agreeing; some of the
sheets of natural-built comb show an
excess of one cell, in a count of 30,
compared with the foundation ; another
sheet lacked one cell, in a count of
34 cells, in comparison with the founda-
tion.

It will be noted that there is a slight
variation in the size of natural-built
worker-brood cells; this is caused by
the bees starting to build comb at sepa-
rate points ; where the separate points
are united, the cells often average a
trifle larger in diameter than the aver-
age; on the other hand, the texture of
the cell-walls of comb built by black
bees is somewhat lighter than that built
by Italians.

Sometimes we hear people talk of "the
little black bees," and "the small black
bees," impMng that the black bee is
smaller than the Italian. If this be a
fact, are we going to cause our Italians
to degenerate, by forcing them to build
comb, by furnishing them foundation
that has too small a cell-base? To ar-
rive at a definite conclusion, some ex-
perimenting is required to be done. Se-
lect a colony of your best "long-tongued
hustlers," remove a comb from the cen-
ter of the brood-nest, and insert in its
place an empty frame; a plain wax-line
may be used as a comb-guide.

The Weed-process foundation that is
sent out this season is a shade smaller
in cell-capacity than t^hat manufactured
5 and 6 years ago, the comparison be-
ing, new 46, to 43 cells of the old.

William Findlay.

The point made by Mr. Findlay seems
to be that if ItaKans are larger than
blacks, the comb for Italians should be
larger, whereas his counting shows the
comb-foundation put upon the market
only large enough for blacks. The
whole matter is one worthy of careful
consideration. It is probably safe to

"Bees build 'their cells not exact hexa-
gons, but with the transverse diameter
greater than the two oblique diameters.
Following this, Rietsche makes founda-
tion with ceils having a transverse diam-
eter of 5.6 milimeters (.220452 of an
inch, or 4.5357 cells to the inchj, and
oblique diameters of 5.45 millimeters. —
Apiculleur, p. 113."

That gives 4.5357 cells to the inch,
measuring transversely, as against 4.6606
to the inch, measuring obliquely. The
measurements of foundation made by
Mr. Findlay give an average of about
4.849 cells to the inch. That is about
.188 of a cell in an inch more than
in the Rietsche foundation measured
obliquely, and about .313 more than in
the Rietsche measured transversely.

But is the Rietsche cell patterned af-
ter nature? Another Stray Straw on
the same page says :

"Italians, says R. Pinot, Apiculleur,
page 113, build cells having a mean diam-
eter of 5.5 millimeters, while the na-
tives reach only 5.2 millimeters."

According to that the Italians build
an average of 4.6182 cells to the inch.
The Rietsche average is 4.6189, prac-
tically the same as that built by the bees.

It is worth while to notice the other
point in the last quotation, the difference
of .3 millimeters between the cells of
blacks and Italians. The mean diameter
of the blacks, 5.2 millimeters, is equiva-
lent to 4.8864 cells to the inch.

If there has been no mistake in the
data, and no mistake in the figuring,
it looks as if the cells of American
comb foundation are unnecessarily large
for blacks, and a trifle too small for
Italians.

After sending the letter above, Mr.
Findlay sent the following:

After the above-mentioned circular let-
ter was sent out. Dr. C.C. Miller's"Stray
Straws" came to hand, with two notes,
as to the transverse diameter of work-
er-bee cells. The data there stated, for
"natives," supposed to be the common
black bee, is a mean diameter of 5.2 mil-
limeters to the cell. This is in very
close agreement with the data arrived
at by myself : Calling the (transverse")
diameter, of common black bee worker-
cells, 5.2 millimeters, will give us 505^
cells to 10^4 inches.

COMPARISON OF DATA

The A. I. Root Co., Foundation 50 cells to 10« in 4.877 cells to inch

Dadant it Sons, Foundation 49'/! " " 4.828

Gus. Dittmer, Foundation 50 " 10 5-16 in 4.849

Black Bee Worker-Comb SOVi " lOH in 4.926

Rietsche Foundation, ("S. S.") 46.596" " 4.535

say that anything that would diminish
the size of Italian bees is not desirable.
The count of the natural comb showed
considerable variation. It is just pos-
sible that Mr. Findlay did not take into
account the difference in the three diam-
eters of a cell, and he may not always
have measured in the same direction.
Upon this point the following Stray
Straw from Gleanings, page 821, is per-
tinent :

This comparison goes to show, that
the popular brands of comb-foundation,
as now manufactured, would be suited
for neglected common black bees; for
select-bred, it would be a shade small
in cell capacity.

The writer has no natural-built comb,
built by improved Italians, on hand, nor
has he any colonies that are in favora-
ble condition to build any at the present
time. Some years ago we heard consid-

August, 1907.

American Vae Journal

erable about "tongue-reach." Those that
are rearing this strain of Itahans, should
give them a free swing at comb-build-
ing, and see what they can do at diam-
eter of cell-reach ; the two qualities may
be somewhat related.

William Findl.'W.

A still later Stray Straw (Gleanings,
page 88") is as follows :

"Abbe Pincot (L'Apiculteur, 52) says
that larger cells give larger workers,
and that cells measuring 4.57 to the inch
are the largest that Italians accept for
worker-brood."

Evidently there is a mistake some-
where, for the Rietsche foundation has a
larger cell (4.535 to the inch) than Abbe
Pincot's limit of 4.57 to the inch. At
any rate, there is nothing unfair in ask-
ing the question whether it might not
be an improvement to have larger cells
in foundation, especially as one of the
Stray Straws to which Mr. Findlay re-
fers says that natural comb built by
Italians has a cell diameter of 5.5 mil-
limeters, or 4.618 cells to the inch, while
none of the foundation gives a cell
larger than 4.828 to the inch.

The Lake Geneva Fedr

On July 26 and 27 was held at Ge-
neva Lake, the Fair in the interest of
the Lake Geneva Fresh ."^ir Fund As-
sociation, an organization in which not
only the people in and around Lake
Geneva. Wis., are interested, but es-
pecially the many wealthy Chicagoans
and others who have their summer
houses at that most beautiful resort.

The Editor of the .American Bee
Journal was invited to judge the apiarian
exhibit, as on two former occasions,
with the following result :

Case of 24 sections of white comb
honev. 1st premium (blue ribbon) L. R.
Bueli; 2d (red ribbon), Miss E. V.
Rumsey.

One-frame nucleus of Italian bees, ist,
Franz W. Fischer.

Beeswax, ist, L. R. Buell.

Mrs. H. C. Buell, a lady bee-keeper
living at Hebron, 111., was superintend-
ent of the bee and honey department.

Excursion via Nickel Plate Road

to Boston and return, $21.00, Aug. 6,
10, 20, 24, Sept. 10, 14, 24, 28. Limit
30 days from date of sale. Meals in
Dining Cars 3Sc to $1.00. Stopovers.
Ticket office, 107 Adams St., Chicago.
'Phones, Central 2057 and 6172. 'La
Salle St. Station, on Elevated R. R.
Loop.

iiONEY AMD^BEESWAX

When consigning, buying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Cliicago, III.

Bee-Hnpplies and Berry-Boxes

Lewla B ware at Factory Prices. Bee-keepers, club
together, send me list of Koods wanted, and let me
quote you prices. I give the regular discounts.
Beeswax wanted. Send for Catalog.

6Etf W. J. Mccarty, Emmetsburg;, lowa.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen vrrltlng.

QUEENS OF

Moore's Strain of Italians

P*roduce workers that fill the supers, and are
not inclined to swarm. They have won a
world-wide reputation for honey-gathering,
hardiness, gentleness, etc.

Mr. \V. Z. Hutchinson, editor of the Bek-
Kep:pers' Review, Flint, Mich., says: "As
workers, I have never seen them equaled.
They seem possessed of a steady, quiet
determination that enables them to lay up
surplus ahead of others. Easier bees to
handle I have never seen."

My queens are all bred from my best long--
tongued three-banded red-clover stock (no
other race bred in my apiaries), and the cells
are built in strong colonies well supplied WMth
young bees.

PRICES: Untested queens. 75c each; six,
&4; doz.. 57.50. Select, untested, Sl.OO each:
six.S5.00;doz..S9.00.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Descriptive circular free. Address

J. P. MOORE, Queen-Breeder, Rt. 1, Morgan, Ky.

Mention Bee Journal wlieu ^vriting.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Fide young prolific 3 and 5 baoHed
Italian Queens, by return mail. Un-
tested ooly 60c, or $6.50 a dozen.

Tested, 75c or IS ad<.zen Extra fine queen, $1.
J. L. Fajen, Alma, Mo.

Mention Bee Journal irhen writing.

A NEW BEE-SUPPLY HOUSE

——AT LITTLE ROCK. ARK.— ^

I am prepared to furnish you the best of hee-
supplles, manufactured by The A. I. Rtiot Co.
Let me send yi_>u my catalog of bee-keepers'
supplies. Also have for sale the very liest
strain Italian queens and nuclei or full col-
onies. Satisfaction guaranteed.

W. J, LITTLEFIELD.

Mention Bee Journal ^rhen vrriting.

FOR SALE

$1 to $3 a pair.
Registered
Homing: P i g-
eons: Big Squab

Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian Hares;

Fancy experiment station; crosses in all

colors. Mail orders filled.

HUMBERT GLEN ELLTN, ILL,.

Mention Bee Journal Mlien -n-riting,

Rscspberry

Honey

1 have produced a crop of extracted honey
from the wild, red raspberry of Northern
Michigan. It would be a very easy matter
to send this entire crop, in a lump, to some
dealer, but I prefer to give each of my
friends an opportunity to supply his table
with this truly delicious honey— a honey
with a flavor all its own— a flavor that smacks
of the wild raspberry of the forests. The
honey is put up in bright, new, shiny, 60-lb.
cans, two in a case, and is offered at ten
cents a pound, or $12.00 for a case of two cans.
Perhaps some will think that this is a high
price, but we must take into consideration
the great loss of bees last winter and spring,
the almost total failure of the white clover
honey crop, as well as that of California, to-
gether with the upward tendency in the price
of nearly all commodities. Remember, too.
that this is not an ordinary honey— it is
raspberry honey; and, besides this, it has
been left on the hive until it was all sealed
over and thoroughly ripened, and is as far
superior to ordinary honey as ripe fruit is
more delicious than green. If you prefer to
taste the honey before ordering, drop me a
postal, and I'll mail you a generous sample-
enough so that the neighbors, too. can have
a taste, and perhaps will wish to join in
ordering a case, if you do not care for that
much yourself. 28-Atf

vV. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. MicK.

Mention Bee Joornal when writing.

BEE-BOOKS

Sent postpaid by GK<)K<;KW. YORK* CO.,
118 W. Jaikson, ChioaKO, III.

Advanced Bee-Cnlt«re. Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
■ — The author of this work is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You should
read his book; 330 pages; bound in
cloth, and beautifully illustrated. Price,
$1.20.

A B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everything pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
400 engravings. It "was -written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Sclentiflc (iueen-Rearlng, as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method . by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in bee-keeping, but is interesting and
thoroughly practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and physiology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I.ang.strotli on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
Xo apiarian library is complete without
tliis standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth — the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey as a Health Food. — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
Tr should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they ^vill buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents; 100 tor $1.25;
250 tor $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Years Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 328
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design; it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original halt-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small hook, called "A Year Among
the Bees." but that little work has been
out of print tor a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one. it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price. $1.00.

"The Honey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet. 6%xS>^ inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupving'
a full page, but in different part's of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely. "The
Hum of the Bees in the Apisle-Tree
Bloom." "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullabv." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
.lect is to interest people in honey as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

Aiiyusi. ilMl7.

American ^Bec Journal fj

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AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sample copies free, to help yon interest your friends and s;et subscriptions. If you will send us names of your neiirhbors or
friends we will mail them sample copies free. After they have received their copies, with a little talk you can i;et some to sub-
scribe and so either net your own sub.scription free or receive some of the useful premiums below. They're worth gettinc We
Kive you u year's su1>scri|>ti(>ii free for one new subscription at 25 cents.

BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

^ Your name and address put

on one side of the handle as
shown in cut, and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee. a worker,
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
a n d transparent,
through which is
seen your name.
If you lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to you. or
serves to identify
you i£ you happen
U) be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cut is exact
size. Be sure to
write exact name
and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Price of knife
alone, postpaid, J1.25.
With year's subscrip-
tion, $1.40. ^

Free for 10
new 25c sub-
scriptions.

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really (r(^iid
pen. As far as
true usefulness
goes it is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced, much-
advertised pens.
If you pay more it's
the name you're
,,. , charged for. The Gold

Nib IS guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Iridium pointed. The holder is
bard;rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. I he cover fits snugly and
can t slip off because it slightly
wedges over the barrel at either
end. This pen is non-leakable.
It is very easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. The simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in box with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown h ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid. $1.25. With
a year's subscription. $1.40.
Given free for 10 new subscrip-
tions at 25 cents each.

QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE

The Munette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for use in
catching and clipping
P u e e n s' wings. iVz
inches high. It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
one.

Price alone, post-
paid. 25 cents. With a
year's subscription. 40
ents. Given free for 2 new
.ibscriptions at 1'5 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

A special tool inven
by a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of malleable iron.
8H inches long. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is 1 7-8inches long.
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, ending lik
screw-driver. T h e
larger end is wedge-
shaped havingasharp,
semi-circular edge,
making it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. riiller, who has
used it since 1903 says,
January 7, 1907: "I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
30 cents. With a year's
subscription, 45 cents.
Given free for 3 new
subscriptions at 25
cents each.

PREmium

QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens,
reports of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent only after May 1st.
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
75 cents each, 6 for $4.00
or 12 for $7.50. One queen
v?ith a year's subscrip-
tion. 90 cents. Free for
6 new 25c. subscriptions.

HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

-c?^^^

O wcMT n)u 8EE m HOH^X
Amo CHEtn This lonely heart?

For I WOULD huo you all the im^
And wi would nevxr part

A 'Teddy Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep." Size
3'/ix5Ya, printed in four colors. Blank
space m x3 inches is for writing. Prices—
3, postpaid, 10 cents; 10 for25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription, 40 cents. 5
given free for every 25-cent subscription,
if requested, and no other premium.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

Forty Years Amone the Kp«s, ty Dr. C. C.

MilltT. — ^Jl (laift'H, ItoanM in hjnulHoine clnlh,
with K''"l<l h' tiers and rlc.Mijfn,iUustrHtt-<l with Il'i
Ix'iiui iful Imif-iorit- pjctureM, taken l»y Dr.
Millpr. It is a K""<I. new Mt<iry of Kuc-ceHHt'ul
Ijee-kff rliitr I'y niM' iif thi- nmsrerM, and show.**
in niiTiuti'st lii-tail JUMt lir>w I)r Miller does
thin;,'.^ with Ih-.-s. Pri<-e ah.ne, *1.W0. With a
yearV suh.Mcripi i"ii, $1.].",. (iivcn free forS new
subscriptiuDH at :;."i cents each.

Advanred 15ec Culture, by W. Z. Hutchin-
son.-Th<' author is a practieai and helptui
writer. :nii pap-es; ttound in cloth, heautifully
illustrateu. Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $l.;ci. Given free for 10 new sub-
scriptions at i;o cents each.

A B C of Bee Culture, h,v A. I. & E. R.
Root. tJver ;jliu pap'es describinp everythinjr
pertaining to tin- care fif honey-bees. 4IjU en-
Kravln^s. Bound in cloth, price alone. $L'jij.
With a ve;ir's snhM-riptioii, $\.:i'i. Oiven tree
forlonew wut'sv ripiiuns at :;r>cents each.

Scientific Oueen-Rearing, as Practically
Applied, by G. M. Do. . little. —lIT.w the very best
queen-bees an- i-<-;ired. Bnund in cloth and il-
lustrated. Prif*' alone, *1 .(lo. With a year's sub-
scription, $l.ir>. Given free for 8 new subscrip-
tions at 25 cents each. In leatherette bindinK,
price alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription
911 cents. Given free tor 6 new subscriptions
at 2o cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Pn't. A. J. Cotik.— This book is in-
structive, helptui, interesting, thoroughly
practical and scientific. It also contains anat-
omy and physiology of bees. 544 pages, 295
illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20.
With a year's sub.scription, $1.35. Given free
lorionew subscriptions at 25 cents each.

Lanestroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Da<rant.— This elassie has been entirely re-
written. Fully illustrated. No apiarian library
is complete without this stamlard workby "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 520 pages,
bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $1.;^'). Given free forlOnew sub-
scriptions at 25 cents each.

•'The Honey-Money Stories. "-A 64-page
booklet. Containing many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts and interesting items
about honey. The manufactured comT)-honcy
misrepresentation is contradicted in two items
each occupying a full page. Has 33 tine illus-
trations oi apiaries or aiuarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs. This booklet should be
placed in the hands of everybody not familiar
with the food-value of honev, for its main
object is to interest people in noney as a daily
table article. Price 25 cents. With a year's
subscription, 40 eents. Given free for 2 new
subscriptions, at 25 cents each.

Three copies for 50 cents; or the 3 with a year's
subscription (i5 cents; or the 3 copies given
free for 4 new subscriptions at 25 cents each.

Amerikanische Bienenzncht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's handbo(»k of lUS
pages, which is just what our German friends

"n want. It is fully illustratedj^and
bound in cloth. Pricealone,$l.OO. with a year's

win want. It is fully illustratedj^and neatly
bound in cloth. Pricealone,$l.OO. with a year's
subscription, $1.15. Given free for 8 new sub
acriptions at 2^ cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A Stiff board outside like a book-cover with
cloth back. Will hold easily 3 volumes (Sfi
numbers) of the American Bee Journal. Makes
reference easv, preserves copies from kiss,
dust and mutilation. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription 90 cents. Given
free for 6 new subscriptions at 25 cents each.

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has wood back but no
covers. Price postpaid, 20 cents. With a year's
subscription 35 cents. Given free for 2 new

subscriptions at 25 cents each.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few of these handsome "bronze-metal '
clocks left- Base lOV. inches wide, by 9\ inches
high. Design is a straw skep with clock face in
middle. Suitable for parlor— an ornament for
any place. Keeps excellent time, durable
and reliable Weij^ht. boxed 4 pounds. You
pav express charges. Price. $1.50. With ayear's
subscription, $1 «.'). Given free lor 1? new sub-
scriptions at 25 cents each.

Send all orders to The American Bee Journal, 118 W. Jackson, Chicago. III.

August, 1907.

American Hae Journal

The Pecos Valley

If you want reliable informatiim concerniiis' the
Pecos Valley.write to the DAYTON DEVELOPMENT CO.
Thev are a partv of citizfiis :it Daj-ion \vln> have
all the desirable land lir^u-d that is in the Dayton
localities, and sell same at the lowest prict-. This
Company was organized to protect prospectors
from irresponsible Real Estate Ag:ents, and will
show vou the land around Dayton free of cost; all
they ask is that you come and see, and investigate
this country yourself. The Dayton Country has
erreater prospects than any part of the Valley, as
It is located right in the center of the Artesian
belt; ami in addition to this it has the Penasco
Reservoir project, which will ;uld lii.ouft acres of
irrigat*-d land to this locality. Tnipro\ t-d land sells
here in the Valley as high as $:'iiii to $..('ii per acre,
while land just as good, not undt-r cultivation quitn
so long, at Davton, can be bought at $1:5 to $Tr> lor
the best, and linimproved land with water for irri-
gation is as low as $L*u to $;w per acre; also unini-
proved land without water is from $5 to .$;W per
acre, according to location. Let them send you
some literature free, so that ynu may learn more
concerning the great possibilities of this country.

Address the General Manager—

A. H, KENT. Dayton, New Mex.
Mention Bee Journal when Tvriting.

itatian Queens

All Queens bred from best of Queens;
no inferior stock shipped. Golden, three-
banded and leather-colored. 25 percent
discount till close of season. Write for
circular to-day.
ROBERT B. MoCAIN, R. D. No. 1, Oswego, 111.

MeDtion Bee Journal when writing.

VIRGIN QUEENS

ari; not injured in the mails. Give them
a trial and you will be pleased. Instruc-
tions for introduciuK free. Select Italian
Virains, tOc: doz. $4.50.
OEO. H. REA, Maplewood Apiary R2, ReynoldsvUle.Pa.
.Mention Bee Journal when writing.

M A 40-page Catalog free.

UAA^ The latest work on BEE-
DRRQ supplies, Hives, Fixtures.
Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens. If interested in bees, do not
fail to write us.

John Nebel & Son Supply Co., High Hill. Mo.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Position as Bee-Keeper Wanted

Would con.sider operating .^00 to 1000 colonies of
bees.nest season. Small salary and percent of
proffts. Will pro to anv part of the U. S., or can
secure the finest location in the State of Texas_

H. H. HYDE, 416 Temple Bldg., Houston, Texas.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Fine Italian Queens

By Return Mail — 50c each

J. F. MICHAEL, Rt. 1, Winchester, Ind.
Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Because You

Need
The Money

It's your business and if yon don't
attend to it, who will? You cannot i
I afford to teep cows for fun. That isn't j
husinoss, and, furthermore, it Isn't 1
necessEir;r. There is money in cow '
keeping if you go at it right, and be-
sides there is mure fun In g"oing at It
rlgbt than there is in staying wroof{.

Bees and Supplies

N. Y. City

For H years, we have l)een furnishiDg Bees ami
Supplies of everv description to bee-keepers in
the East. Wc have .stu<lied the East as a honey-
section, know its h<)ney-flows, and the line of
^oiids best adaptetl to produce honey here. This-
is not theory with us, as we have about TOO ci»l-
onies of bees, in lour ditTerent sections, which
produce a grot.) d cr<.>p of honey for us.

Honey-jars are now seasonable. We havt*
several styles, No, 25 Jar, $5.50 gross, 5 gross $5. 2.i
a gross; l-Ib. square Jars, $d.O0, 5 gross $4.70 gross;
iL'-ounce round Jar, $4.50 gross.

We handle both comb and extracted honey in
season. Catalog free.

I. J. Stringham, 105 Park PI., New York

Apiaries, Glen Cove, I... I.
Mention Bee Journal vrhen writing.

Too need a Tubular Cream Sepa-
rator because it will make money Tor j
I vou; because it saves labor; because
' It saves time; because it means all the I
fiifference between cow profits and
cow losses.

Look into this matter; see what a
Tubular will do f or ^-ou and buy on©
because you need it.

How would you like our book J
"Business Dairying"! and our catalog
B. ;.oti both free. Write for them.

The Sharpies Separator Go*

West Chester, Pa.
TorontOt Can. ChicagOf III.

Save the Chicks

Bowel Complaint, Cholera,
and other supposedly fatal dis-
eases will cause you no worr\- i£
you give your fowls Germozone
occasionally in the drinking water.
The best poultry medicine.
Price SOc, postpaid, and
an Egg Record free.

Geo. H. Lee Co.,

Omaha. Neb.

^

Mention Bee Journal when ivriting.

SPINWALL

4- 'ROW

SPRAYER

Like .-imow-
' iiiH machine,
lias its work-
' insi parts or
spray noz-
zels in front where they can be
seen. Don't strain your neck and
eyes with a rear spray. High pres-
sure; Brass lined pump; Ball valves;
Wider rans;e of adjustment than any
other sprayer made. Booklet free.
.\SrlNWALL MFG. COj. .
2saSabiu8t., Jackson, Mich.

THE POULTRY DIGEST

25 cents per Year.

An Entei-prising, Pushing and ProfrreSf^ive I'oultry
Journal. A live and intitructive Periodical Ciffereut
From All the Rest.

True to name, a concise and boiled down digest of all
the doings in the Poultry World— A tiiiie-ssavingr peri-
odical ; nifthodical. to the point, and conserv-ativr.

Y' >U want to make more nionfy out of

vuur fowls.
YOU want to get good results with less

hard work.
YOU want to learn how to save your

little chicks.
YOU want to know what to do each

month in the poultry yard.

Senii in your subscription to the

POULTRY DIGEST PUB.CO.,l?.?."^^fy^'-

O. $11.00 buys 100 24-Section
No-drip Shipping-Cases. Made
of select basswood — top and
bottom of one piece; all in flat,
complete with 2-inch glass,
paper and nails.

PRICE LIST-Cash with order.

12-Sec. Cases 24-Sec. Cases

10 $ 1.00 » I.JO

50 4.75 6.00

100 S.iiO 11-00

.500 42.25 55.00

1000 80.00 100""

Winter-Cages for 8 or 10 frame Hives, at $1.40 eaeli.

Address-SHEBOYGAK FRUIT-aOX CO., Sheboyitn, Wis.

F»XJX YOUIV

MONE^VI
A GOOD

••Vulcanite"

is that Roofing

ON IT'S
MERITS

STRONG 1

PURABIE 1 ■■% w^ ■w ■ —

long ago won for itself the repu-
tation of being the Best Ready
Roofing known. Realizing the
value of this reputation, we have
always endeavored to maintain it,
not only by keeping strictly up to
the original high standard, but by
contantly striving to improve it in
every possible way. Requires no
annual painting. Samples and
"Roll of Information" FREE.

Patent Vulcanite Roofing Co.,

DcliiirtmentT,
636-59 S.Campl>ellAve.,CbicaBo, 111.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when nrrltlng.

August, 1907.

American ;B«e Journal]^^ %.

Weil-Bred Qneens

Will Kreatly increase the yield of hoiiuy. Am
now taldng orders for <JooU'i* S«-Ieol-
Ure<l <tn««'iiw— to be sent as sooo as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

4Jook''N i>i4|iiare Honey-Jar is the

best, cheapest, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hires, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-house in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

10 cents brings sample jar by mail.

17A13t Mention the Bee Journal

Mentlou Bee Journal n'lien Yvrltlng.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
ported stock. All Queens
leared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .75

" Tested Queen 90

" Select Tested Queen 1.10

" Breeder Queen 1.65

" Comb Nucleus fno

Queen) 80

*'■ Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and description of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE CATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.
Mention Bee Journal when ^rrltlng.

Your Order for ^aeens

Will be promptly tilled. We can supply both
tested and untested Italian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, ?1. 00
each ; Untested Queens, 75 cents ; jf8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

SOAtf LoREAnviLLB, Iberia Pa., La.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

MINNESOTA QUEENS

Nothing Better. Try Them.

Three-band and Golden Italians.
Wf warrant our bees free
from disease of any kind,
and truarantee safe arrival
of all queens. We want
vnur orders and will fill
them promptly on and af-
ti'r June 1st, at 75 cts. un-
tested, and $1.25 for tested
of either strain. A postal
will bring you a circular.
Send your orders to

,MENNIE & FENTON,
Pine Island, Minnesota.
Mention Bee Journal irhen TTTitins.

flngel'sGolden Beauties

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine,
larg'e Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
Belect breeder for $2.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address, ,

SAHUEL n. ANGEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, Evansvillh, Ind.

Mention Bee Journal Trhen writing.

TEXAS QUEENS

Tile famous Honey-Producers
have out-slripped all <Jthers
this ytar in hcjney-iratherinn.
Record up to July 1st, J20 lbs.

CARNIOLANS, ITALIANS and
GULDENS

Tested. $1.00 each;
Warranted, 75c "
Untested, 50c "

JlO.OOa dozen.
7.00 "
5.50 "

GRANT ANDERSON.
SABINAL. - - TEXAS

Meutiou Bee Journiil -when >\'rlting^.

GOING OUT OF
BUSINESS

Bee-Supylies of I every kind, and

business, for sale. Have made

enough, and can afford to quit

Tired. 60 years old and want to

rest, think, write and live.

Can save you money any place

in the Lntted States.

400 hives at Watertown, Wis.— not

here.

Send a list for prices. BIG CUT,

and you will need to be quick.

Read the "Modern Farmer."

E.T.ABBOTT,St. Joseph, Mo.

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen ^nrritlng;.

Bstabli.9hed 1817

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BY

Washington Farmer Fnblishini; Co.

Capital Stock, $100,000 (Incorporated)

North Yakima, Wash.

Subscription, per year, ffl.OO. General cir-
culation amontr three iiiillon people west of
St. Paul and nurtii of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Most elegant
descriptive I\IaK"azine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America.

Mention Bee Journal TPhen writing.

CORN

HARVESTER cuts and
throws in pileson harves-
tcror windrows. Manand
liorse cuts equal with a
corn binder. Price $15.
Circulars free, showing Harvester at work.
NLW PROCLSS niQ. CO.. Salina, Kansas

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen writing:.

WANTED TO BUY for GASH

Comb and Extracted Honey

ALSO BEESWAX

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,
4263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo-

Mention Bee Journal when fTTltingr.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

GOLDEN and LEATHER-COLORED
Prices of Queens 1 6 18

Untested $ .60 $3.30 $ 6.00

Tested .!tO 5.00 0.00

Select Tested 1.10 6.30 12.00

Sate Arrival Guaranteed

JOHN LEININGER, FT. JENNINGS, ONIO

DAnllLO Machinery

\Uinl wimt J. I. rAliK.sT. of (liarl-
■ .II, N. Y.. Hiiyn: "W»- t'ut vvltli one
r your CoiiitflrH-il Miu-hlin m, Imit
lutt r. r.n fhiitr lilvfK Willi 7 in. cap.
XI )i'>M(-v ritr-i(M. tiW td'to'l fnxtJUlt.
iMdl tn.iirv l.nXiM. mill a (f"*'*t '1*-*'*'

I <.th.-r work. ThlMWlnl'T «•- hiivi;
'.ulih-thi-Hiiiuunt ort«-f hlvcK.tftT,,

II iiiukf.Hinl w«* i-xiM-ct toiJo Itwltli
liJH Suw. II Htll tin fill yoii Miy It

will" i'Htii\»v tiiHl itrl'-- llht frt-f,

A.l.ln-.-. W. F. & JOHN BARNES.
995 Ruby 8t., Rockford. II).

Journal when writing.

Mention Bee

in ha Thirtioih Tear

The Rural Californian

One Dollar a Year

A larpe monttily magazine devotecl to Agri-
cult ur;il. Horticultural and Rural pur.su its,
ahowiiijr th« wonderful deveKipment of the
Pacific C'ta.st. Beautifully lUuHtrat^-d. well
edited, and artistically printed on fine ho<ik-
paper. An encyclopedia of information for
colonists. Address,

THE RURAL CALIFOllNIAN

Rooms 6 and 7 Temple Block,

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

p_-.;-i nttnr —For $1.15 we will send the Rural
OpcUldl Ullci. Californian and the American
BtM' Journal for one year.

Mention Bee Journal when writing.

-A Prophet of Profit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if your
effort is intelligently directed.

Learn the right way to do thinjrs by sub-
scribinK' for

Profitable Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited time only 35 cents per year.

Mention Bee Journal w^hen writing.

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian Queens— each 75 cents or 6 for $4.
Caucasians— each $1, or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, III.

Mention Bee Journal when -writlngr*

SHIPPING-GASES TG BURN

Dovetail Hives, Sections. Foundation, and^
full line of supplies by che carload, and shipped
from the best shipping-point in Michigan. An all-
basswood J4-pound case, 1-piece cover, 13 cents.
Honey and beeswax wanted. Send for catalog
and discounts.

W. D. SOPER, Rt. 3, Jackson, Mich.

Mention Bee Journal ^vhen wxiting.

:WE SELL:

Mention Bee Journal w^hen Trrltlng.

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives. Foundation, etc.. as we can
save you time and freight.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT &. SON, Redford, Wayne Co,, Michigan

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen writing:.

August, 1907.

American l^ae Journal

TENNE5SEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens from
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

After April I.dtu.

Italians Before Julij 1st

After July 1st

GflRNIOLflNS 1

GftUGflSlftNS

1

6

12

1

6

IS

1

6

12

1

6

i'i

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

? .75
100
1.50
2.00

$ 4.00

5.00

8 00

10 00

S 7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

* .60

.75

1.25

1.50

$3 25* 6.00
4.25 8.00
6 50 12.00
800 15.00

« .85
1.10
1.60
2.10

*4 50
5 50
8..50

10.50

* 8 00

9.50

15.50

18,50

$ .95
1.20
1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6,00

900

11.00

$ 8 50
1000
1600
19.00

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 f ull colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders 110.00

Select Golden Breeders 1 8 00

" 3band " 3.00

" Carniolan " 3.10

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM ^ Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

CLEAN "^-T^B Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker we

ore cuni/cD oTB 2 recommend above all others.
bbt oMUKtn Jli^A S

«. «. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. — The cone tits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use 1.10 — 3}4 "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90—23^ "

Little Wonder— as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Or'g-idal Bidg-faam & Hetheringtoo Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell. Mich.

Patented May 2u. 187'i.

BEST ON EARTH.

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Friend Bee-Keeper: — You have had a hard
time of it; colonies dwindled to half with some,
and you were nearly discouraged. But the clouds
have rolled away and prospects are fine for a good
crop yet. Get Marshfield Bee-Goods, and make no
mistake.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marshfield, Wis.

lOWA-J. W. Bittenbender. Kno.wille.

Gregory & Son. Ottumwa.
KANSAS-S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIG.^X-Lengst&Koenig. 127 South
Llth St., Satrinaw, E. S.
S. D. Bucll. Union City.
NEBRASKA-Collier Bee-Supply Co.

Fairbury.
CANADA- N. H. Smith. Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA-H. W. Ryder. Phceni.x.

MINNESOTA-Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham, Kankakee.

OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.

TE.XAS-White Mfsr. Co.. Blossom.

WISCONSIN-S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli. (.ilenwood.

II T

In every conntry tue snccessful adyertiser is tue continnofls aclvertiser."

^ We will Buy and
I SeU

IHONEY

SOT of the different grades and kinds.
^M If you have any to dispose of, or if
^S you intend to buy, correspond
^1 with us.

We are always in,the market
(or

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwicb Street
NEW YORK, N.Y.

QUEENS

Caucasians. Italians, Cyprians
and Camlolans

Prices in May and June; Caucasian— one extra
best select breeding Queen. $3.(«>: one best imported
direct from Caucasus, $4.50. Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing. $2.n(.i; one best imported, best Italian or Carni-
olan Queen. $2.50. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding. $>,'iO; one best imported direct from
Cyprus, $3.50. Prices in July. August and Septem-
ber, "'0 cents less tban in May and June. Special
prices for 5n and UX) Queens. Caucasian, Italian,
Cyprian, and Carniolan Queens bred the best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be
clear: payments by postal money orders. Queens
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon, India, etc..$l more.
B. HAUNSCHILD. the Queen -Breeder.

20A13t Weissbach b.Pulanitz, i.Sa., Germany.

■>^

4- Beestpax-f

Chicago, Julv 8.— Verv little honey of the yield
of l;i07 has come on this market. What there has
in the way of white comb has sohl readily at Itic
per pound. There is no call for other irrades at
the present time. Verv little demand for ex-
tracted, and a tendency not to take it at over 7c
fiir tlie best g:rades of white. Beeswax continues
to sell well at a'.'c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Philadelphia, June 25.— This hot weather has
come on us so suddenly that it has stopped the
sale nf comb honey entirely, and estractea honey
has been moving verv skiwlv the last 10 daj's.
We <iuote: Extracted honey, dark, in barrels, h"
to 7c; light extracted honey, in barrels, 7 to scj in
fiO-ib. cans, according to quality and quantity.
Beeswax, 30c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Toledo, Julv 9.— Owing to the scarceness of the-
honev crop, and there being none in the market^
there is practically no price to be made on it.
However, fancy white comb honey, new crop,,
would bring 15c to Ific in a retail way ; No. 1, 14c
to 15c. Extracted, white clover, in barrels, would
probably bring 6c to 6'-jC ; amber, 5 to 5^c. Bees-
wax is plentiful at 26c to 2Sc.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Denver, July 8.— Old comb honey, or last sea-
son's crop of comb honey, has been entirely
cleaned up in this market for several weeks and
new crop has not arrived yet. There is no change
in the situation of extracted honey, and we have
a good supply to meet the local demand. Our
prices are 6^4 to 7'-2 for light amber, and 7^ to S^
for white, per pound. We pay from 14 to 26 cents
for clean yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association.

* New York, July 8.— A fair demand for white
comb honey, with verv little supply ; fancy stock
selling at 15 to 16c, No. 1 at 13 to Uc, No. 2 at 12c.
No demand whatsoever for dark honey at this
time of the year. Good demand for nearlj- all

Aii(,nisl. 1907.

American l^ee Journal

A GREAT IMPROYENEINT

will be found In

Tlie — -

Ainericaii Bee -Keeper
for 19D7

It is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year, One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for f 1.00.

Send for sample copy and our new
Illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FALCONER NFG.CO.

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Established 25 years.J

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing" orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6 5o. Tested, $1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Youag Queen
afer June I, $2.00- GEO. W. BARNBS.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Western Bee-Keepers slow^"

We Will

fou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee- ware made.
THB COLORADO HONEY-PRODCCEKS* iSS'IV. Dearer. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

grades of extracted hnney, and we quote Califor-
nia white at s to N>-je, litjht amber at 7 to 74o, am-
ber at fi^jc per pounii. New crop Irom the South
bring's from 5S to fi5e pergallun in iiarrels, accord-
ing" to tiuality ; strictly fancy will tiring a^ hi&h
as 70 to 75c per gallon. The market on the Pacific
Coast .seems to be un.settle<i, and prices fluctuate
more or less. West India honey is arriving in
fair (luautities right along, ami sells at from ss to
fi2c per gallon. Beeswax is somewhat weaker,
although choice stock still finds ready sale at 30

to 31c. HlLDRETH & SEGELKEN.

Cincinnati, July 8.— The market on fancy comb
honey and white ch>ver extracted is entirely ex-
hausted. We quote light amber in barrels at Ti^jc
and He ; in cans Ic per lb. higher. We are selling
beeswax at a2c per lb. Market dull.

C. H. W. Weber.

Indianapolis, July 22.— Fancy white comb honey
sells to the retail grocery trade in lots of 1 to 10
cases at 17'2 to 1h cents. Best extracted honevin
5-gallon cans sells tor in.^ to m cents. Other grades
are not yet on our markt't, altliou^'^h I have seen
some foreign extracted Imney .ith-red at .sliglitly
lower prices. Beeswax sells liure at $33 per 100
pounds. Walter S. Pouder.

Kansas City, June 28.— We have received a few
shipments of new honey which sold on arrival at
$3.50 for 24-section cases ; market is almost bare
of comb honey, and shipments would sell readilv.
We guote : No. 1 white comb, in L'4-section cases,
$3.50 ; No. '* white and amber comb, $2.7.5 to $3.00 ;
white extracted. He ; amber, "c. Beeswax, 25 to
30e. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, July 3.— The demand for extracted
honey does not come up to expectations, which
is probably due to the lateness of the season.
Quotations range about the same as published
recently. Aml)er in barrels at .i'jc to H-Uc, ac-
cording to ((uality. Fancy whiti- extracted honev
in crates of two m-Wi. cans, at yc. As yet, there is
no new comb honey on the market. We are pay-
ing 28c, delivered nere.for choice vellow bees-
wax free from dirt. the Fred W. Muth Co.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1907 NOW ON HAND.

Freight Rates From

CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as almost all freight now goes through
Cincinnati. Prompt Service is what
I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same.
You will save money buying from me.

LET ME BOOK ORDER FOR

QUEENS

bred in separate apiaries, the GOLDEN
YELLOWS, CARNIOLANS, and CAUCASIANS.

FOR PRICES, REFER TO MY CATALOS, PAGE 29.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Wareliouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

In the Heart of Michigan

Did you know that within one hundred miles of me are over three-
fourths pf the bee-keepers of Michigan? Are you one of them? If
so you will find it to your advantage to write for my new catalog.
Afullhneof Root's Goods at Root's Factory Prices. Hilton's double-
walled hives are used more than any other in my State. It has stood
the test of thirty years. . . . I ship goods promptly.

Wholesale or retail. . Cash or exchange for beeswax at all times.

Georde E. Hilton

Fremont, Michigan

August, 1907.

Al. jrican liee Journal

u

DADMT'S FOUNDATION"

IT E^COEXjS

EVERY INCH equal to sample

Beauty, Purity, Firmness. No Sagging, No Loss.

Twenty-seven Years of Experience. We Guarantee Satisfaction.

WAX WORKED INTO FOUNDATION

BEE=SUPPLIES of all kinds.

Beeswax Wanted

at all
times.

DADANT & SONS, Hamilton, III.

SEND FOR OUR CATALOG

Bee-Supplies

Perfect Goods

Lowf Prices

A CUSTOMER ONCE. A CUSTOMER ALWAYS.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufacture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail,
Langstroth, Alternating, and the Massie Hives — we make all of them. Remember that half the work and
worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods. Every one knows the advantage of a good,
substantial hive; the quality of material and workmanship in our hives is not excelled by any other make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is practical, and when you once give our
goods a trial you will have none other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the season's
supplies. Have you received our new 1907 catalog? If not, write for it at once. You cannot fail to
understand how to order just what you want from our Catalog; it is the easiest to understand that you ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates; tell us what you want.

Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Council Bluffs, lo^va.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th St., Lincoln, Neb.

Catalogs issued in English or German.

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September, 1907

American ^cc Journal

Contents for September, 1907

PUBLISHED MCINTHLV BY

GEORGE Vi. YORK S COMPANY

115 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
50 cents a year, in the United States of America,
(eicept ciiicago, where it is 75 cents), and Mexico;
in Canada 60 cents; and in all other couDtnes in
the Postal Union, 2.i cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL PATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, " ilecOT " on your label shows
that it is paid to the end of December, 190i.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-Wedo not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscriptipn,
bat change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows that the money has been received and
credited.

ftdverlislng Rate, per flgale Line, I5c.

14 lines make one inch.
Nothing less than H inch accepted.

Reading Notices, 2S cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful riabts.
3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of

Annual iWembership Dues, Si.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. B. France, Platteville, Wis.

jy If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

The Roofing Question

Every day the roofing question is be-
coming more serious to tlie farmer.
Shingles are getting .scarce and expen-
sive, while the quality is getting poorer.
Metal is too costly, and requires repaint-
ing yearly or it will rust and leak.

What, then, shall the farmer use?

There is but one answer— a good,
ready-prepared roofing. " Vvflcanite "
Ready Roofing meets the requirements,
makes a better roof than either shingles
or tin, last longer, and does not require
annual painting. It is cheaper than tin
or shingles, and can be laid by any one
who can drive nails.

The saving in the labor of putting it
on is no small item in these days of high
wages of carpenters and tinners and the
scarcity of help.

Before you repair or build, write to
the Patent Vulcanite Rooting Co., 626 South
Campbell Ave., Chicago, 111., for free
copy of their booklet, "The Right Roof-
ing and the Reasons Why," describing
what "Vulcanite" is, and how "Vul-
canite" roofing is made. It will help you
settle your roofing question right. Please
mention the American Bee Journal when
writing.

Illustrations—

Apiary of Mrs. Amos ■• 649

Clover-Bloom and Bees 1st Page

Greiner's Reliquefying Apparatus b5^

Secor (Mr. Eugene) and Yucca Plant.- b48
Stachelhausen. L 658

Editorial Notes and Comments -

Abuse of Smoke on' Bees 646

Backward Season General 645

Bee-Disease in the Isle of Wight 646

Bees Balling their Own Queen 646

E-xtra Combs of Honey for Ne.\t Spring 645
Improvement in Introducing Queens . 646

Saltpeter fur Lighting Smokers 6)6

Strengthening Weak Colonies 645

Unite Colonies in Good Season 646

Weber's Entrance Comptroller 646

Why Do Bees Swarm? -• 646

Wintering Reserve Queens. 645

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Books for Bee-Keepers 648

Cause of American Foul Brood 647

Fair Apiarian Premiums. 648

Kansas Convention 648

Kind Words from Contemporaries 647

Midnight Swarming Bees 648

National Association 647

National at Harrisburg 647

Secor (.Mr.) and His Yucca Plant 648

Some Generous " Donations ". 647

Subscription Price Now 50c a Y'ear 617

Swarm of Bees in a City Street 647

World's Pure Food Show .648

Beedom Boiled Down—
Closing Entrance When Moving Bees. 659

Poison for Mice 659

Prevention of Swarming 659

Roasting Out Wax-Worms 659

Shaken Swarms 659

Strengthening Weak Colonies 659

Tarred Felt Not Always Desirable 659

Value of Protective Surroundings 659

Virgin Queens Do Not Always. Fight- 659

Contributed Articles—

Breeding Bees by Selection for Im-
proving their Honey- Producing Char-
acter 663

Cause of American Foul Brood 656

Caution Against Making Increase too

Rapidlv 654

Different Methods of Reliquefying

Granulated Honey 651

Feeding Bees Diluted Honey and

Sugar Syrup for Winter Stores 655

How to Prevent Robbing 654

Inventing Hives 654

Keep Good Bees and Produce Good

Honey 654

Management of Weak Colonies 654

Outdoor Wintering of Bees 652

Preparing for Winter 655

Second-Hand Honey-Packages 655

Some Practical Don'ts for Bee-Keepers 654
Where Do the Field-Bees Deposit
Their Loads? 653

Canadi.^-v Beedom—

Alfalfa in Ontario 651

Fair Season 651

Honey Crop and Prices for 1907 659

"Mother Earth" for Cleaning "Bee-"

Daubed Fingers. 651

Two llueens in a Hive 65J

Southern Beedom—

Death of L. Stachelhausen 65*«

How Does the Queen Fertilize the

Eggs? 658

Shallow Divisible Hives— What Depth

Should They Be ? 657

Our BEf>KEEPiNG Sisters—

Bees Refusing to Work in Comb-Honey

Supers 64i*

Some Swarming E.xperiences 64»

Taste for Sweets an Index of Whole-

someness 650

Trained Nurse as a Bee-Keeper 64i»

Doctor Miller's Qvestion-Box-

Afterswarms -_■■■■-■ ■•■■■■

Bees Hanging I. nder Brood-Frames -

Carniolans

Cotton Honey for Winter Stores

Dividing Colonies

Few Drones

"Go-Backs "

Introducing Queens

Kind of Bees

Late Swarms

Late Transferring of Bees

Laying Workers Fill Cells With Eggs.

Moths in Hives ---

Requeening Colonies

Spring Pr<itectionof Hives

Starting New Colonies of Bees

Supers

Swarm Spotting Clothes

Too Many Drones

Uniting Colonies

661
660
66?
661
660
660
660
66?
661
661
660
661
660
661
661

- 66-?
. 660

661

- 660

- 661

I

Reports and Expkriences-

Bad Year to Work With Bees 664

Bee-Keeping Show 664

Bees Have Done Well 664

Best Crop in Three Years 664

Disappointing Bee-Season 664

Expects Good Honey-Flow- 664

Fair Honey Crop Promised. ()64

Good Honey-Flow 664

Honey from Alsike Clover 664

No Basswood Honey 664

Non-SwarmingBees 664

Nothing from White Clover 664

Not Much Honey 664

Poor Honey Crop ■ - -. 664

Varying Effects of Bee-Stings 6g

Why Use Improved Hives 66?

Wintering Bees Outdoors 66?

Working for Comb Honey 664

Worst Spring 664

Yields of Honey 664

Excursion via Nickel Plate Road r—

to Boston and return, $21.00, Aug. 6,
10, 20, 24, Sept. 10, 14, 24, 28. Limit
30 days from date of sale. Meals in
Dining Cars 3Sc to $1.00. Stopovers.
Ticket office, 107 Adams St., Chicago.
'Phones, Central 20S7 and 6172. La
Salle St. Station, on Elevated R. R.
Loop.

Established 1847

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BY

Washington Farmer Publishing Co.

Capital Stock, $100,000 (Incorporated)

North Takima, 'Wash.

Subscription, per year. Sl-00. General cir-
culation amontr three millon people west of
St. Paul and n( rth of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Most cleKant
descriptive .Magazine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America.

Successful Poultry Journal

FRANK HECK, Editor

Subscription Price 50 cents per Year.

TVrite for Advertising Rates.

The most prominent, succesi^ful and practical poul-
trymen writefortlie ^iuccessful Poultry Journal, luid
tell how they build tht-ir houses, luate their fowls,
manage their incubators, feed both young and old—
and, in fact, tell how they succeed and make money.
Send for sample copy.

Successful Poultry Journal

3do Deaiborn St.. CHICAGO, ILL.

Moore's Lon^-Ton^ues
and Golden Queens

Fine Select mtested Queens $1 ; fi for $4.50; 12
f<ir»s. Tested Queens, $1.25; 6 for $6.50- Best
Breeders, $3. Safe arrival guaranteed.

W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

Seiitoiiilicr, \'J(l7.

American Vae Journal

Discount for Sept. 5 percent

iyu all kooiIn e.\r<'i»t tin nn<l uIuhh iiitfkniceH

Herhhiser Wax Press and other IjewiM
Bee-ISuppli«'s. Good Goods aiul Prompt
Shipment.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by takinj^ advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

IS^ Sena tor lint ol NliKhlly l»uni-
aia^ecl (lioodM (o N<>lect trom »l Reduced
Prices. Also for 190" Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

Second-Rand Cans (60-lbs.) 2 in a bo.\. at 50c a bo.x.
or in lots of 10 bo.xes at 40c.

H. N. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co. i^^ot ino

Long Distance Telephone, North ISS'i. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

ITALIAN QUILILNS

ALMOST BY

RILTURN MAIL

We are prepared to furnish .Standard-Bred Untested Italian (Jueens. the rest of
this season lor during September and October) at 60 cents each, or 4 for $2.00.
We will mail a Queen with the American Bee Journal a year -both for only $1.00.

This is a splendid time to requeen your colonies. We expect to fill orders for
queens by return mail. Better order at once. Address.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,

118 W. JACKSON. CHICAGO. ILL.

Well-BrP(l Quoeiis

will greatly increase the yield of honey. Am
now taking orders for 4'ook'N Nelect-
llretl t^iieenH— to be sent as soon as
weather permits mailing. Also Caucasian
Queens from imported stock.

4^oh'M Nquare Honey- Jar is the

best, cheapcbt, and most sanitary package for
retailing honey. Send for circular and price-
list of Hives, Bees, and useful Implements.

J. H. M. COOK

70 Cortlandt Street, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Oldest Supply-honse in the East, and only

Reliable Goods sold.

W cents brings sample jar by mail.

17Al3t Menlion the Bee Journal

Mention Bee Jonrnal ^nrben writing.

nnaei'sGoidenSeauiies

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few fijuals and oo superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for $1.50. Have had 12 } e^rh' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANQEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, EVANSVILLE, Ikd.

Mention Bee Journal irhen Trrltlng;.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this conntry
can produce Bright Golden and 3 banded
Queens ready to ship Maj 20. I am now book-
ing orders which win be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attrntion. Untested Queens 60 cents
eich; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6 So Tested, $1 IX),
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Yonne Queen
afer June 1, $2.U0 GEO. W. BARNRS.

15A26t Box 341. Norwalk. Ohio.

Mention Bee .Jourunl -ttlien ^vrlting:.

' If goods are wanted quick, send to Pouder.

Established 1889

We not only handle I>ee-Supplies but we put up the finest grades of Honey, Beeswax and Nut-Butter.
Believing that bee-keepers will be interested in the Nut-Butter proposition, especially when they can
'ouder Quality at the following wholesale prices, we have decided to submit the following.

Nut=Butter

ADE from finest grade of
number one hand-pick-
ed peanuts. We do our
own roasting, our own
blanching and our own
hand-picking. Our improved
blancher not only removes the
skins from the nut, but it splits
the n u t and removes the
sprout, which is claimed by
some to be bitter. We have
the best machinery that can
be had, operated by electric
power, and our f.icilities are
such that we have always a strictly fresh article
to offer, and yet nut-butter does not become rancid
like other butters. We do not add salt or a particle

of anything foreign. Our product is simply the nut
emulsified in its own oil. Nut-butter is rich in
nutriment and health-making qualities. Nut-butter
is a delicious and economical health-food, the most
popular of all nut-foods, due to its rich and sweet
flavor, its good keeping qualities, and its moderate
cost.

Wholesale Prices

25-cent jars, per dozen $2.20

20-cent jars, per dozen 1.80

lO-cent jars, per dozen 90

All goods carefully boxed for shipment.

If you wish to purchase finest white clover extracted
honey in S-gallon cans, write for my monthly quota-
tions of the Indianapolis honey market.

Every bee-keeper should have my free catalog of
Bee-Supplies.

\\rirt\4-£\*» ^ V^r^ttr\£^t* 513-515 Massachusetts Aveiiae
WdlLCr O. rl/l4UCI INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

[Mr. Pouder's Nut-Butter is fine. — Editor American Bee Journal.]

September, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Mal<e His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

S-A-SH, IDOOPIS, BLIHSTDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111,, June 11, 1907.
The A. I. Root Co. ,

Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so-called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum without sacrificing quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilomia

♦Fresno Madary Planing Mill

*Lo8 Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fruita bruit and Produce Ass'n

Uistrict ot Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

Cieorgia

Savannah Uowkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

EvansvlUe Vickery Bros.

Iowa

Dee Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas
Augusta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massacbusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

LyonsTille W. W. Cary & Son

JVIaine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Ifiicbigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E Hiiton

9Iinnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.
missonri

High Hill Jno Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis BUnke & Uauk

Ke-w Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

New IforU

Syracuse The A.I. Root Co.

New York City The A. L Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Obio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., S21 Monroe St.

Zanesvllle E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

n ^nnsylTania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

WiUiamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered as second-class uiail-matter at the Chicago, 111., Post-Offlce.j
Published Monthly at 50 ots. a Year, by George W. York & Co., 118 W.Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, SEPTEMBER, 1907

VoL XLVII— No. 29

itorial ^ofcs
,. and Comments

Backvvai'd Season Genei'al

Reports from different parts of the
world seem to show that almost every-
where cold and wet have delaj'ed the
season. One result has been loss of
colonies from starvation where the own-
ers have not been thoughtful enough to
replace stores used up tjy the unusually
long spring. The editor of the Irish
Bee Journal says: "In our own apiary,
feeding was continued daily up to July
9. when the rain stopped."

Where colonies were kept supplied
with stores, bees seemed to develop in
strength wonderfully, in spite of the
cold, and in some places at least, the
spring running into summer did not
seem to have such a very bad efifect,
for it merely postponed the time of
blooming. In Northern Illinois June
and July are par excellence the months
of white-clover bloom generally. This
year there was more clover bloom in
August than in June, if, indeed, not
more than in July.

Next spring may not be so late as
the past one, but it is likely to be late
enough, and this is a good place to re-
peat the advice to store up a number
of combs of sealed honey to be used
next spring wherever they will do the

most good.

-^

Strengthening Weak Colonies

If one has a greater or less number
of weak colonies on hand, the manner
in which they are to be strengthened de-
pends upon circumstances. Whatever
the plan taken, the idea should be to
have each colony so strengthened or
united that it shall have enough bees
to cover 5 or 6 combs. A colony with

3 frames of bees may be united with
another having 2 or 3 frames of bees;
understanding by a frame of bees
enough bees to cover well a brood-
frame, or brood-comb. Three colo-
nies having 2 frames of bees each may
be united into a single colony. If one
should have several colonies of 4 frames
each, then one or more of them can be
broken up, and one or 2 frames given
to each of the others. If, fortunately,
there is only a single weakling, its bees
may be given to one or more of the
weaker of the full colonies. These will
be just so much the stronger, whereas,
if the weakling is left it will be prac-
tically worthless.

E.\tra Conib.s of Honey for Next
Spring

This subject may have been men-
tioned times enough so that many may
be excused from reading this item. But
its great importance for the many new
readers is a sufficient excuse for men-
tioning the subject again.

Unwarned upon the subject, the be-
ginner who has an early flow of light
honey and a late flow of dark honey
is likely to get all of the fall honey as
surplus, except what the bees store in
the brood-chamber. This last, if it be
not exhausted before, is pretty certain
to be all used up at the time the white-
honey harvest begins the next season.
Of course, the brood does not entirely
fill all of the cells in the brood-cham-
ber, and the vacant cells will be filled
with several pounds of white honey.
Now if said beginner had had extra
combs of fall honey to give to the
bees in the spring, this first white honey,
instead of going into the brood-combs,

could just as well have gone into the
surplus apartment. It will be seen that
it is a plain question as to whether so
many pounds for the market shall be
light or dark.

Nor is this all the difference in the
case. .\ colony in the spring will not
rear as much brood with a meager sup-
ply as it will when abundant stores are
present. The beginner is likely to
think, "So long as the bees are not
allowed to run out of stores, I don't
see why they'll not rear as much brood
with a half-pound ahead as if they
had 10 pounds in sight." Well, they'll
not ; no matter how they may reason
about it, they seem to know that when
they have a big lot of stores in sight
they can go into brood-rearing on a
large scale.

So when the fall flow begins' see that
a fair share of it is in sealed brood-
combs ready for the next spring, as
well as to meet any emergency in the
fall. For 8-frame hives 2 or 3 such
combs for each colony in the spring will
be none too many. For 10-frame hives,
a less quantity may or may not be

needed.

^

Wintering Reserve Queens

About this time of year the question
is often raised whether one may not
keep over extra queens, ready to be
given in the spring to any colonies
that may have become queenless. No
way seems to have come into general
favor that differs greatly from keeping
each queen in a weak colony. Consid-
erable can be gained, however, by keep-
ing 2 nuclei in a hive. Separate the
hive into two compartments by means
of a division-board >4 to J^-inch thick,
and be sure that it is bee-tight. Let
the brood-nest of each nucleus come
close against this division-board. The
bees of each nucleus will cluster close
against this partition, forming what
seems to be one globular mass, with the
partition thrust between them.

In the spring, if one of the queens
is needed elsewhere, it can be taken,
and the 2 nuclei united into a full col-
ony. If there is no need to take either
queen away, let the nuclei build up un-
til too large for their narrow quar-

September, 1907

American Hee Journal

ters. Separately they would make very
slow work at building up in early
spring; but a surprising difference will
be seen i£ they are allowed to remain
together, thus furnishing mutual heat.
When either nucleus becomes crowded,
each one can have a full hive to itself.

This plan may be varied by having
the partition to one side of the hive
instead of in the middle. The smaller
compartment may be large enough to
contain a 2-frame nucleus, and into the
larger compartment may be crowded a

full colony.

^

Why Do Bees Swarm?

E. W. Diefendorf discusses this ques-
tion in the Bee-Keepers' Review, and
gives — not at all in a dogmatic, but in a
sort of tentative way — as a possible an-
swer, that the queen becomes tired or
exhausted. He gives some good argu-
ments .in favor of such view : A queen
reared at the opening of the swarm-
ing season is not likely to come off with
a swarm during that season ; a queen
can not become exhausted in a nu-
cleus, and he has never known such a
one to swarm ; in Dr. Miller's founda-
tion treatment the queen is allowed a

rest, etc.

♦^

Abuse of Smoke on Bees

Smoke is a good thing, but it may
be used so as to do harm. To quiet
bees it is not necessary to deluge them
with smoke until they boil out all over
the liive. A little, at first, and a little
more afterward if they need it. but only
as they need it.

But there is another way in which
smoke may become an abuse that some-
times is not thought of. It is when tak-
ing surplus honey from the bees. A
sufficient amount of smoke will entirely
rid of bees the sections or extracting
combs, but the amount required is gen-
erally so great that the Havor of the
honey will be badly injured. Some may
think that the smoke will be evaporated
in a little while. Such persons should
remember the enduring flavor of smoke
in smoked hams. The flavor of smoke
may be relished in hams, but it is very
bad in honey.

Improvement in Introducing Queens

If the queen of a colony be removed
and a strange queen, at the same open-
ing of the hive, be placed upon the
combs, one may confidently expect the
bees promptly to seize the intruder and
ball her till she is dead. Instead of
putting her loose on the combs, if she
be caged in the hive for 3 or 4 days,
and then set free upon the combs, she
may expect a kindly reception. That
kindly reception is made more sure if
she be allowed to walk out of the
cage quietly at a time when there has
been no disturbance by the opening of
the hive. To this end a passage filled
with bee - candy is provided, so that
the bees may quietly release the queen.
but they will do this generally inside of
24 hours, which is too short a time
for best results. The Abbott plan, leav-
ing the queen caged in the hive 48 hours,
then removing the old queen and at the

same time giving the bees access to the
candy, works well. To avoid the trou-
ble of opening the hive a :econd lime,
use has been made of a piece of card-
board over the candy, which the bees
must gnaw away before getting at the
candy, thus prolonging the time of im-
prisonment.

Dr. Miller reports a plan he is trying,
which he thinks may be an improvement.
Take a splint of wood 1-16 inch square
and a little longer than the tube of
candy, and thrust it through the center
of the candy. That's all ; the bees do
the rest, taking about 3 days to liberate
the queen.

It will be well if others who try the
plan repeat what success or failure they

meet.

-*•

Saltpeter for Lighting Smokers

'Much time is lost one time and an-
other in blowing a smoker to get the
fire started. One of the best lighters
is a piece of cotton rag lightly saturated
with saltpeter. If heavily saturated, the
rag burns up too quickly, almost like an
explosion, and the fuel has not time to
be lighted. A pound of saltpeter to 2
gallons of water is a sufficiently strong
solution in which to soak the rags. Let
them be thoroughly wet through, wring
or drain them out. and then dry as you
would dry a washing.

When you wish to light your smoker,
take a rag 5 or 6 inches square, roll it
up into something like a ball, touch a
match to it, throw it into the smoker,
quickly fill the smoker with fuel, and
then blow. No fear of putting it out;
if the smallest corner is lighted it will
not go out till the whole rag is burnt
up, and if your fuel is at all fit. it will
be surely lighted.

A suppy of saltpeter rags prepared in
the spring — the preparation is a trifle —
will save many a 5 minutes throughout
the season, as well as some loss of tem-
per.

■*■

Weber's Entrance Comptroller

A sample of Weber's patent entrance
comptroller and protector for bees dur-
ing spring and winter flights has been
received. This is a very ingenious con-
trivance for use in outdoor wintering,
or for early spring use, after bees are
brought out of the cellar. Its object
is to keep the bees confined to the hive,
and at the same time allow the entrance
of fresh air. This is easily accomplished
by closing the entrance with wire-cloth ;
but thus confining the bees while the
light is allowed to shine in the entrance
is well known to be ruinous. Mr. Weber
has taken advantage of the fact that
light proceeds in straight lines, and will
not readily travel around a corner, and
has so arranged that an entrance 4
inches long and 5'^-inch deep may be
open all winter long for the admission
of air. but coarse wirecloth prevents
the passage of bees, and the course
the air travels prevents the admission
of light.

A metal slide, centrally located, closes
the direct entrance. When thus closed,
the air passes-sidewise 3^ inches, turns
a corner and passes around a middle
partition, traveling sidewise again an-

other y/2 inches to enter the hive. By
the time light travels this distaiKe in
such a devious way, its strength will
have been dissipated. At any time when
it is thought best to allow free exit,
the slide may be withdrawn, giving the
bees the full direct entrance. The slide
may be shoved sidewise, so as to make
the entrance any desired width from
that of allowing a single bee to pass at
a time up to the full 4 inches, allowing
at the same time the direct entrance of
the light. Or. if it be deemed advisable
to allow a limited entrance without the
admission of light, the metal slide may
close all but an inch at one side, while
an outside block covers all but an inch
at the other side; thus again taking ad-
vantage of the fact that light travels
in straight lines and objects to turning
corners.

Just how much advantage there may
be in the use of such a contrivance
can only be told after trial, but it cer-
tainly seems well designed for the pur-
pose it is to serve.

^

Bee-Disease in the Isle of Wight

That Isle-of-Wight disease, according
to information in the Irish Bee Journal,
is a more serious matter than might
have been supposed. Of the bees on the
island, 85 or 90 percent are dead and
others dying, and H. W. Cooper, local
secretary of the Association says :

"Those of us on the spot who knoiv
something of the havoc by this scourge,
have not as yet discovered anything
wrong with the brood."

Which makes it much to be feared
that a new bee-disease is to be added
to the list, and as such diseases are not
always careful to confine their attentions
to a small island, we in this country can
not fail to be interested in keeping on
the watch as to the outcome.

Unite Colonies in Good Season

At this time of year there are likely
to be a good many colonies so weak
that if left as they are they will stand
small chance to live through the winter.
The beginner, anxious to increase the
number of his colonies, keeps hoping
that they will build up strong enough,
and finally he is likely to enter the win-
ter with a lot of weaklings on hand,
and a lot of empty hives next spring.
No time should be lost in uniting such
colonies until no weakling is left. The
time will be none too long for the
united colonies to get settled down into
comfortable shape for winter. Besides,
bees will unite more kindly now than

later.

♦^

Bees Balling Tlieir Own Queen

It seems a strange thing, but it is
true, that sometimes a colony will ball
its own queen. Perhaps the excite'ment
of opening the hive is the cause, and
if the excitement is kept up by the bee
keeper trying to free the queen, her
death may result. If the hive is quickly
closed when a queen is found balled, the
bees will of themselves generally re-
lease her without any harm. So don't
try to release the queen from the ball,
but close the hive, and don't open it
again that day.

American ^ee Journal

647

iscellaneou?
He us -Items

Subscription Price Now 50c a Year

On July 1, 1907, when we decided to
■change the American Bee Journal from
a 16-page weekly to a 32-page monthly
publication, we reduced the price from
$1.00 a year to 25 cents. We have since
discovered that the 25-cent rate is en-
tirely too low, in view of the kind of a
bee-paper we are making every month.
We do not wish to lower the standard
now. and as labor, materials of all kinds
including white paper, etc., have ad-
vanced in cost, we feel that the best
thing we can do— in fact, the only thing
to do — is to put the subscription price
at SO cents a year ; in Chicago, 75 cents ;
in Canada, 60 cents ; and in all other
countries in the Postal Union, 25 cents a
year extra for postage, or 75 cents.
These new rates will begin with Septem-
ber, 1907.

We are sure that our hosts of readers
and friends will feel we are doing the
right thing in this, as they certainly
would not want us to continue at too
Iowa subscription price. At 50 cents a
year, this 32-page copy would cost the
subscriber only about 4 cents — two 2-
cent stamps — surely cheap enough,
when its valuable contents are consid-
ered. Why, "Dr. Miller's Question-
Bo.x" alone is worth many times the
subscription price, to say nothing of all
the other valuable departments.

It is our intention to keep the old
American Bee Journal at the head of
the procession, where it has been for so
many years. And to do this we will
need the hearty co-operation of all our
readers. There are yet thousands of
bee-keepers who have never heard of
the American Bee Journal. Many of
them are your neighbors : can you not
show them what they are losing by not
having it every month ?

On another page we offer many useful
things as premiums for getting neir sub-
scriptions. We will be pleased to mail
sample copies to any names and ad-
dresses of bee-keepers that may be sent
to this office. If every present sub-
scriber would send in just one new sub-
scription during this month, by Oct.
1st our list would be doubled. Why not
do at least that much to help along a
good cause— your own cause ? We are
ready to do our part— will you, dear
reader, not join with us in putting the
monthly circulation of the old American
Bee Journal up to where it ought to be ?

The National at Harrisburg

It has fin.aUy been definitely settled
that the 1907 convention of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association is to be held
at Harrisburg, Pa., on October 30 and
31. On account of the Jamestown Ex-
position there will be low rates on the

rialroads, and stop-overs at Harrisburg
can be had on tickets from the west.

The last of October should be a good
tiine for bee-keepers to go. Why not
assemble here in Chicago on October
28 or 29 and go in a special car the rest
of the way? Perhaps this can be done.

Swarm of Bees in a City Street

Some reader in- California sends us a
clipping from the Los Angeles Times,
which describes a "pointed" and amus-
ing experience with a swarm of bees in
a Los Angeles street recently. It is sur-
prising how fully most people let bees
alone when they are not accustomed to
them, or when not dressed for a bee-
reception.

Cause of American Foul Brood

Dr. G. F. White, who is now con-
nected with the Bureau of Entomology
of the Department of Agriculture at
Washington, D. C, has written an arti-
cle on the above subject, which has been
issued as Circular No. 94. It will be
found on another page of this number,
and deserves a careful reading. Dr.
White acknowledges the assistance of
Dr. E. F. Phillips in the experimental
work done which led up to the prepara-
tion of the circular mentioned.

The National Association

On .\ugust 8th, General Manager,
N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis., sent
out the following information relative
to the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion :

I ask each of our members to mail
to me a few questions on bee-keeping
with the name of the persons they
prefer to have answer them. At the
Convention, which meets at Harrisburg,
Pa., October 30 and 31, 1907, I will read
the questions that are sent in.

The National Association is planning
to make a creditable exhibit of honey
at the World's Pure Food Show to
be held in the Coliseum, at Chicago,
November 19th to 2Sth. I would ask
any bee-keepers who are willing, and
can do so, to help in this display by
furnishing me one pound of choice, ex-
tracted honey of each kind their bees
gather. Be sure to display your honey
at the County Fair this fall. It is a
good place to advertise.

What honey you produce and sell you
can label w'ith your name as producer.
If you buy honey to sell, it must not
have your label on it unless it also has
the words, "Distributed by" in brevier
type. "It is the intention of the law

that labels on all food products should
not be misleading in any particular."

All over the L'nited States, until in
June, bad weather was reported. Colo-
nies of bees were weak and dying so
I hat when the honey crop came there
were very few bee-keepers who had bets
ready to take advantage of it. I have
=ecn reports from nearly every State,
and but few have an average crop;
many have nothing. During the last
few days the reports have been better,
especially in the clover belts. Basswood
has generally yielded no honey, or at
least a very small amount. Sweet
clover and alfalfa did better. On the
whole there will not be over half a
crop of honey this year. Prices should
be better than last year, and I hope
they will be asked.

N. E. France, Gen. Mgr.

Some Generous "Donations"

"Ye Editor" and wife have been the
recipients of some good things to eat
during the post month or two, from
several of our generous readers. We
wish to return our thanks for the fol-
lowing :

Strawberries, from Dr. and Mrs. C. C.
Miller, of Marengo, 111.

Peanut butter, from Walter S. Pou-
der, of Indianapolis, Ind.

Blackberries, from T. L. Strong, of
Clarinda, Iowa.

We wish to mention specially the pea-
.nut butter, which is a somewh.Tt new
article on the market, we believe. The
kind Mr. Pouder makes is great.

Kind Words from Contemporaries

The Bee-Keepers' Review was the
first to note the change of the .\merican
Bee Journal from a weekly to a month-
ly, in this paragraph :

"The American Bee Journal is to be
changed to a 32-page, 25-cent monthly.
Brother York hopes thereby to greatly
increase the circulation and usefulness
of his journal — that every bee-keeper,
even with a single colony, will become
a subscriber."

The American Bee-Keeper for .\ugust
contained this very complimentary no-
tice:

"The American Bee Journal, for many
years a weekly periodical, appeared for
July as a monthly, and will be so is-
sued in the future. The subscription
price has been reduced to 23 cents a
year, and a very marked improvement
in the general appearance of the paper
results from the use of a high-grade
stock of paper. The cover design of the
first monthly edition is the handsomest
that has adorned any bee-journal of
modern times, being a skillful combina-
tion of photograph, wash and air brush.
Really artistic pictures are rare in the
apicultural press, but the American Bee
Journal's cover scores an average above
ninety. Congratulations, Brother York !"
Gleanings in Bee Culture had this
cordial paragraph in its issue for August
15th:

"The 'Old Reliable' is now issued as a
monthly of 32 pages at 25 cts. per year,
instead of a weekly of 16 pages at $1.00.
The new monthly has a new half-tone

September, 1907.

American ^ae Journal

cover tliat is very neat, and the general
make-up, appearance, and contents are
practically the same as heretofore. The
low price of the publication (25 cts. per
year), and the general excellence of
the matter, should and probably will
make it very popular. We wish it
abundant success."

Midnighi; Swarming Bees

Mr. .\. Straub is a Chicago bee-keep-
er who has 18 colonies of bees. He
called at our office recently, and re-
ported that about midnight of August
14 one of his colonies cast a swarm
of bees. It was about a peck in size,
and settled on a small tree near his
home. The swarm was hived the ne.xt
morning, and went to work in good
earnest. It must have been that they
were too busy to swarm in the da.\-tinie.

World's Pure Food Show

More than one-third of the space for
the World's Pure Food Show at the
Coliseum, Chicago, next November 19
to 25, has already been contracted for.
The big food interests throughout the
country are heartily in accord with the
exposition, and are eager to compete for
awards before the greatest pure- fond
tribunal evere gathered together. The
Commission on Tests includes Dr. Har-
vey W. Wiley, chief of the bureau of
chemistry of the United States depart-
ment of agriculture ; Hon. Alfred H.
Jones, Illinois State Food Commission-
er; Dr. James A. Egan, Secretary Illi-
nois State Board of Health ; Dr. T. J,
Bryan, State Analyst of the Illinois
State Food Commission ; Dr. W. A.
Evans, Chicago Commissioner of
Health ; Dr. Walter Haines and half a
dozen other leading chemists of the
United States.

A California Association has an-
nounced its intention to ship huge
bunches of many of the 640 varieties of
grapes grown in the Golden State to
the exposition for decorative purposes.
Schwarzschild & Sulzberger Co., were
the first of the big packers to sign for
space, and have taken an entire section
of over I.5PD square feet. The food
departments of The Fair, The Boston
Store and other big Chicago depart-
ment stores will be represented.

Other prominent exhibitors will be
The Great Western Cereal Co., The
International Banana Food Co., The
Blue Ribbon Chewing Gum Co., Red
Cross Olive Oil, Rueckheim Bros. &
Ekstein, etc.

All the booths in the big building
will be uniform in design and color.
An aisle 15 feet wide will run all around
the building. This will be flanked on
the outside by scenic representations of
shops of all nations and times.

It is the purpose of the management
to dispose of all space at least 2 months
before the date the exposition opens, so
tnat every effort can be devoted to at-
tracting an enormous crowed of spec-
tators. Sufficient aisle space has been
allowed to handle over 20,000 specta-
tors daily.

We referred to the coming pure-food
show in these columns in June. We

understand that the National Bee-keep-
ers' Association is to have an exhibit
of honey. General Manager France has
already _begun to work it up. We will
doubtless have more to say about it
next month. Honey-producers should
he well represented, as they produce one
(if the finest of all foods.

Mr. Secor and His Yucca Plant

Hon. Eugene Secor, of I'orest City,
Iowa, sent us recently the picture here-
with, showing himself and a yucca plant
that was 5 feet and 7 inches hig'h on
July 30, 1907, when- the picture was tak-
en. Mr. Secor is well known to bee-

keepers, not only as an expert apiarist,
but also on account of the many beauti-
ful poems he has written bearing on the
bees and their interesting nature. It
seems almost time for another one to
come from his mellifluous pen. Per-
■haps the muse's spirit will soon possess
him, and his many friends will possess
another rhythmic gem.

The Kansas Convention

The Kansas State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation will hold its next annual meet-
ing at Hutchinson, September 18 and
ig, 1907. .\11 persons interested in bees
are invited to attend. This meeting will
occur during the State Fair, so there
will be reduced rates on all the rail-
roads. The meetings will be held at the
Commercial Club rooms. The first ses-
sion will be 2:30 p. m., Sept. 18. He.id

quarters for bee-keepers will be at the
Midland Hotel. O. A. Kkf.ne, Sec.

Tnpeka, Kans.

Fair Apiarian Premiums

In last issue we gave the apiarian
premium lists of several leading Fairs.
There are no lietter places for bee-keep-
ers to educate the public to the use of
honey, and to the growing importance
of bees and their products.

On Sept. 27 to Oct. 5, at Springfield,
will be held the Illinois State Fair.
The premiums offered on bees and

honev are as follows :

1st. 2i\. 3d.

Display of Comb Honey $20 $15 $10

Collection of labeled cases con-
taining i^ or more pounds
of White Honey from dif-
ferent flowers 8 5 1

Collection of labeled cases con-
taining 12 or more pounds of
Amber or Dark Honey from
different flowers . . . 8 5 3

Case of White Clover Comb

Honey, 12 to 24 pounds.... 432

Case of Sweet Clover Comb

Honey, 12 to 24 pounds .... 4 3 2

Case of Basswood Comb Honey,

12 to 24 pounds 4 3 2

Case of Amber Comb Honey, 12

to 24 pounds 4 3 2

1 'i"^|>lay of samples of Extracted
Honey, not less than half-
pound each 5 3 -

Display of Extracted Honey... 20 15 10

Honey extracting on the grounds. 5 3 ^

Frame of Comb lloney for ex-
tracting 5 3 -

Display of Candied Honey .... 20 15 10

Display of Beeswax ...15 10 5

(.)ne Frame Observatory Hive

Dark Italian Bees 4 3 2

One Frame Observatory Hive

Golden Italian Bees ....... 4 3 2

One Frame Observatory Hive

Carniolan Bees 4 3 2

lloney Vinegar, one-half gallon,

with recipe for making .... 4 3 '2

Display of Designs in Honey.. 15 12 8

Display of Designs in Beeswax. 20 12 8

TiiNNEssEE State F.\ik, Sept. 23 ro 24, at
Nashville.

I St. 2d. 3d.

Best 10 lbs. extracted honey... $10 S 5 $ 3

Best display extracted honey... 15 10 5

Best case comb honey 10 7 3

Best display comb honey 15 10 S

Best disjilay beeswax 5 2 I

Nucleus dark Italian bees 5 2 i

Nucleus golden Italian bees.... 521

Nucleus Caucasian bees 5 2 1

Nucleus any other race bees. ... 5 2 I
Largest and best display of bees

and bee-products, implements,

etc., by indivdual exhibitor.. 25 15 10

J. M. Buchanan*.
Franklin, Tcnn. Siit-criiilendenl.

Books for Bee-Keepers

Every bee-keeper should have a bee-
book besides a bee-paper. On another
page will be found all the best books
offered — either at a price, postpaid, or as
a premium. If you can not earn them
as premiums for getting new subscrip-
tions, it will pay you well to purchase
one or more of them. You will find
them of great value. There are so many
things in the books that are needful to
know, and that of course could not be
told over and over again in the bee-
papers. If a bee-keeper can afford only
one, it would better be the book rath-
er than the paper. But now that the
.\mericau Bee Journal is only 50 cents
a year, of course, no bee-keeper, how-
ever limited his apiary may be, can af-
ford to be without its monthly visits.

Septcniber, I!t(i7.

American Hee Journal

you should invest a dollar or so in a
good text-book on bees and a b<'f-
papcr.

Some Swarming Experiences

Cnndiicted by EM.MA M. WILSON. Marenijcp. 111.

Bees Refusing to Worl< in Comb-
Money 5upers

Miss Wilson: — I have just read in
your department of the American Bee
Journal the account of 2 colonies of
very cross Italian bees that would not
work in comb-honey supers, as related
by Miss Elsie A. Cutter. I do not know
that I can suggest any way to overcome
the crossness complained of, except by
the use of brimstone or a change of
queens, but I think I can tell Miss Cut-
ter how to get the bees at work, but
not in comb-honey supers.

I had a very strong colony this sea-
son that refused to work in sections day
after day, when other colonies of like
strength were storing rapidly. I thought
if they would not work in sections I
would try to get them to work in some-
thing more to their liking, and so put
on another hive-body filled with drawn
combs. This seemed to take away all
excuse for laziness, and the bees went
immediately to work in this upper
story.

If one does not want the home of the
colony established in this upper story
he can, after a few days, put an excluder
between the two hives, taking care that
the queen is in the lower one. It is
better that the bees be at work even if
they do not work just where one wants
them to.

I note that Miss Cutter says she gave
her bees extracting supers, and that
the bees would not work in them. It
would be of interest to me to know
whether she put an excluder under the
extracting super. It seems almost in-
credible to me that a strong colony in
the midst of a good honey-flow, and
with a brood-chamber full of brood and
honey, should refuse to extend their
work in an upper story full of empty
combs, if there were no hindrance in
the shape of a queen-excluder. If the
excluder is kept on until brood is found
in the upper combs, and then inserted
it is most likely that the work will be
continued above. If I had a colony that
would not work under such circum-
stances, I would find the queen and cut
of? her head at the earliest opportunity,
and give the colony another queen.

I will here remark that I have a high
regard for the working qualities of hy-
brid bees. It is my practice to intro-
duce a number of pure Italian queens
into the apiary every year.

Leon, Iowa. Edwin Bevins

Thank j'ou, Mr. Bevins. for your sug-
gestions. I think your plan would work
in most cases; I would have said in all

cases, if Miss Cutter had not said that
she failed to get them to work. Your
plan is the same as the one used some-
times in our apiaries, with 'the exception
that we put the excluder on at the
time we put the upper story on, but we
always place a frame of brood in the
upper story to induce the bees to go to
work at once. I think you will find
that in that case the bees will go to
work just as quickly, and it has the
advantage of being all done at one
nperation.

I am inclined to think that the
queen's head would come off in this lo-
cality if she could not be induced to
work in sections.

Trained Nurse as Bee-Keeper

De.^r Miss Wilson : — Will I be in-
truding, if I ask you to send a thought
in my direction?

My work for some years has been
that of trained nurse, but with the ad-
vice of my physician, I am giving it
up. and it is essential that I engage
in some other line of work not quite so
wearing on the nerves, and I have been
considering and reading up a little on
the bee-industry, thinking that possibly
next spring I might engage in the work,
if there is the least possibility of suc-
cess. Will you kindly give me your
opinion regarding this, and also the
amount of money a beginner should in-
vest ? Illinois.

There is no question but bee-keeping
is a splendid occupation for a nervous
woman, but there are many things to be
considered before advising to embark
in bee-keeping as an occupation.

There are women, and women. Not
every woman will make a success of bee-
keeping. There must be a liking for
the business. Of course, you can't tell
until you have tried it. To make any
considerable outlay until you have tried
it would be reckless; best get 2 or 3
colonies to begin with. You can get a
whole lot of experience out of 2 or 3
colonies, and a whole lot of fun besides,
and gradually grow up into the busi-
ness, making the bees pay their own ex-
penses, which is much the better way
of doing, for if you can't make a few-
colonies pay, you surely can not a large
apiary. This may seem like a slow way
of doing, but in time you will come to
think it is the best way, as only a very
small outlay is necessary to begin with,
for a colony of bees can be bought at
somewhere from $5 to $10. Besides this.

1 am quite prepared to agree with Dr.
Miller, that swarming is not a very
delightful experience, and I have been
wrestling with it in great shape this
summer. Now, don't anybody say,
"That's your Carniolan's." I can't real-
ly see that they arc bigger sinners than
the others in this case, at least. But
I have noted one thing: When you find
a hive where the bees have refused to
enter the sections — where every avail-
able spot in the brood-nest is crowded,
and out they come — these are not Car-
niolans.

It seems to me as if everything in
the yard, with one or two exceptions,
was bound to swarm, and more than
once, if allowed.

I read of Dr. Miller's piles, and gaily
1 reared a pile to see the bees pour out
later, as it would seem by the bushel 1

".A queen of the present season's rear-
ing will rarely swarm," but they are at
it none the less. It goes without say-
ing that there is plenty of honey com-
ing in.

While swarming in general does not
delight me. there was a swarm today
that did. I must tell you about it.

In the foreground of the picture may
be seen a hive of peculiar shape and
distinguished appearance, which I call
"The White House." It is a hive con-

Apiary of Mrs. Amos.

taining 10 closed-end frames. 10.XI2
inches in size. By all odds the bees
ought to have wintered in that hive,
but they did not last winter. It is the
onl}' hive now standing in my yard
containing empty combs — at least. I
might so have written yesterday. I
have been intending to put bees in it
rather late in the season. I did rtot
want them in early as the hive lacks
the tiering-up opportunity the others af-
ford.

Now, mark what happened. A swarm
was hived yesterday. Today I saw it
sailing out again into space, and I
thought, "Now that's to do over again."

Not much ; those delightful bees only
circled a few times and went pouring
into the portico of the white house!

I said to myself, "I must have out a
decoy or two right ofT, If bees will
single out the only empty hive in the
yard, and vote that it is a good place

6 so

September, 19U7.

American ^ee Journal

to live, it goes to show that there is not
much that concerns them in their vicin-
age, of which they do not take cogni-
zance." Mrs. a. L. Amos.
Comstock, Neb., July 31.

Taste for Sweets an Index of Whole-

someness

It is gratifying to note that the sugar
consumption of the United States has
grown until it now equals that of
England, which was heretofore regard-
ed as the greatest sugar-consuming na-
tion on earth ; for nations may be rated
by their taste for sweets. Latest statis-
tics show that the sugar used in the
United States and England is equal to
80 pounds a year for each man, woman
and child in these two nations. Of
course, the sugar employed in the manu-
facture of jams, preserves, confections,
etc., aids in forming this average, but
sugar is sugar, whether it is eaten raw,
or in the coflfee or in pies, or preserves,
or in candy, and the average person
of the United States and England eats
more than twice as much sugar as any
other person in the world. As against
the American and Englishman's 80
pounds of sugar a year, the German
eats but 33 pounds, the Austrian eats
but 34 pounds, Russia 20 pounds, and
Italy only 7 pounds.

Nothing could be said in greater
praise of a people than that they have a
taste for sweets. It shows a whole-
some, vigorous, healthful condition, —
an appetite not jaded from excessive
indulgence. The child whose appetite
has not become polluted or calloused
from false relishes, smarting sauces
and burning drinks, and dissipation,
loves sweets; so does the girl of bright
eyes and untainted youth, as is evinced
by her fondness for ice-creams and des-
serts; the young athlete among men
loves sweets, nearlv as well as does the
child.

The bar-room lounger, the beer-
soaked twaddler, the tobacco-scented
smoker of cigars and pipes, the cigarette
fiend, the blear-eyed absinthe drinker and
the red-nosed whisky drinker, the dope
fiend and the depraved of all other class-
es do not like sweets. Long since their
minds and appetites have lost the de-
sire for everything pleasing to the natu-
ral palate. .Among these people you
will find the eaters of foul-smelling
cheese, which the older and more ran-
cid it is the better it is liked; the lov-
ers of moldy sausage, of old, dried
fishes, and of pickled eggs of fishes; of
goose-livers, made vile by natural and
artificial decomposition ; of meats and
fruits that are allowed to spoil before
they are eaten. Such vulturine tastes
dote on pate de foie-gras, caviar, salted
mackerel, limburger and roqueford
cheese, pickled olives, pickled ancho-
vies and a hundred other vitiated foods,
the viler they are the more they are
esteemed. All other kinds of foods
these appetites pollute with repugnant
sauces, and they wash them down with
fiery drinks, rated in esteem according
to their age.

And from these causes, France, China,
Russia, Spain, Austria, Germany and
Italy laugh at the United States and

England and say that our foods are not
fit to eat. England has been called the
nation of a hundred dishes and one
sauce. The Russian peace commission-
ers went back home and said the Ameri-
can foods were unspeakable. Some peo-
ple base their aristocracy on the fact
that they are able to eat caviar. These
people all want something foul a'nd ran-
cid, something sour or bitter — ^never
anything sweet, and the taste which en-
joys sweets they call amateurish or bar-
baric.

The vulture is known by its habits
as well as by its name, and people are
of what they eat. A definition of the
word sweet, therefore, may aid in the
distinction of these nations. Here is
one definition of the word:

"Having a certain agreeable taste or
flavor, like or resembling that of honey
or sugar^opposed to sour and bitter.

''Not changed from a sound or whole-
some state ; not stale ; not sour ; not
putrescent or putrid.

"Mild, soft, gentle."

Then as people are what they eat, and
as things that are equal to the same
thing are equal to each other, we may
make this deduction :

The people who like sweets are sweet
of nature; they are agreeable and pleas-
ing; they are not changed from a sound
or wholesome state ; not stale ; not sour ;
not putrescent or putrid; they are mild,
soft, gentle.

The people who do not like sweets
are not sweet of nature. They are not
agreeable nor pleasing; they have been
changed from a sound and wholesome
state ; they are stale, sour ; they are
putrescent and putrid.

So let's rejoice in the fact that Amer-
ica and England eat twice the amount
of sweets of any other nations in the
world.

But let it not be understood that this

is an argument in favor of the unlim-
ited eating of sweets. While the taste
for sweets is a natural desire, there is
danger in the excessive gratification of
even natural desires. This truth is es-
pecially manifest in children's liking
for candies, which often is productive
of most serious consequences. When a
people have lost a natural desire, alto-
gether, and substitute therefor a desire
that is unnatural, it betokens unwhole-
someness and possible degeneracy. —
What To Eat.

The foregoing article from the maga-
zine What To Eat is well worth pon-
dering over. It will probably be news
to many a member of our circle to learn
that she is using in her household 4
times as much sugar as her Russian sis-
ter, and u times as much as her sister
under the sunny skies of Italy, and it
will be some comfort to learn that this
greater desire for sweets points to a
more desirable condition of body and
of mind.

It would be well if What To Eat
would expand that last paragraph a
little farther. More than one reason
may be given for the "serious conse-
quences" arising from the excessive
.!,:Mtification of children's liking for
candies. Unwholesome — not to say ab-
solutely poisonous — ingredients are too
often to be found in candies. Let us
hope the pure-food laws may help in this
regard. Candies are eaten between
meals, and the "picking habit" grows
until many a child and many a young
woman clogs the stomach before meal-
time, and then fastidiously rejects the
wholesome dishes at the regular meal.
If honey were substituted at the regular
meal, there would be less craving for
candy, and on account of the more ready
digestibility of honey as compared with
sugar, little or no danger of any inter-
ference with the most robust health.

Canadian

r#

*t»«rc»i3.'^«»>i»!SiMB«5-.'!-<

Conducted by J. L. BYER, Mount Joy. Ont,

Honey Crop and Prices for 1907

The honey crop committee of the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association have is-
sued the following report :

The 'honey crop committee of the On-
tario Bee-Keepers' Association met in
the Secretary's office, at Toronto, Fri-
day, August 9, 1907. Over lOO reports
from different parts of the Province,
and a number from Quebec, were laid
before them. Reports would indicate
that a very great loss of bees has been
sustained since last season, and that
probably 50 percent perished during
the winter and spring. The honey-flow

in a few localities is reported good or
fair, others light, and in many nothing
has been harvested — probably an aver-
age of less than one-third crop in all.

In view of these conditions, and the
shortage of the fruit crop in all varia-
tions, and the higher prices prevailing, it
is the opinion of the Committee that an
advance over last season's rates should
be reasonably expected, and suggest the
following:

No. I light extracted honey, Iij4c. to
I2j4c. per pound, wholesale; retail, 14c.
to 15c.

No. I comb, $2.50 to $2.75 per dozen,
wholesale.

September, jyu7.

American Vae Journal

No. 2 conil), $i.7S to $2.js per dozen,
wholesale.

On the darker grades not yet harvest-
ed, a reasonable advance over last sea-
son's prices should be obtained.

H. G. SiBBALD,

Wm. Crouse,

W. J. Craig,

P. W. HoiKiF.TT.s, Sec.

While the prices suggested, may, to
some, seem a little high, yet when every-
thing is taken into consideration, there
is no good reason why they should be
lower. Some have thought that foreign
honey would be shipped in, but with the
general shortage of the crop in the large
producing centers, coupled with the 3
cents per pound duty, there is not much
danger from that source.

"Mother Earth" for Cleaningr
" Bee "-Daubed Fingers

Strange how some of our notions are
sometimes apt to "change without no-
tice," quite suddenly.

When I first read Dr. Miller's plan of
cleansing the fingers of honey by means
of rubbing them with earth, I thought
the method — well, rather dirty.

Last week it was my lot to examine
a large apiary, and as the frames in the
hives were spaced "any old way," with
lots of honey along the top-bars and in
burr-combs, my fingers were constantly
being "stuck up." No water being near
the yard, I was at a loss to know how
to keep smoker, etc., free from honey,
when I happened to think of the Doc-
tor's plan. Say, it works like a charm,
and a good many times during that day
was a handful of dry earth called into
use. To be sure, when dong any work
by way of handling honey, etc., a basin
of water is the proper thing, but in cases
hke the one mentioned, Mother Earth
is par excellence. Doubters, try it, and
be convinced.

Alfalfa Honey in Ontario

Frank Adams, of Brantford, Ontario,
reports that this year, again, his bees
did well on alfalfa. Reports like this
are rare in Ontario, and in our own lo-
cality I have yet to see the first bee
working on this plant.

Fair Season— Two Queens in a
Hive, Etc.

Friend Byer: — The honey season has
closed with a jolt in this locality. Bees
have gathered only a fair surplus. With-
out an exception colonies headed with
young queens did the best. A few of
the best averaged 160 pounds each, and
the rest all the way down to 25 pounds.
Colonies that were considered weak in
May gained up and did much better
than those that were very strong. The
latter swarmed in spite of all I could
do, and thus cut down the surplus.

With the two-queens-in-a-hive sys-
tem I had the following experience this
season : In looking through a colony of
Italians I discovered a young queen.

She was a worthless-looking little in-
sect, so I killed her, and supposed that
the old queen had previously been killed.
There was an extracting super on this
colony, and when I introduced a new
Italian queen into it I lifted the super
off and placed the cage between the top-
bars of the brood-nest. I left the ex-
cluder off, anil replaced the super. In
S days I examined them again and
found the old original queen with clipped
wing in the brood-nest, and so conclud-
ed they had killed the new queen. Two
days later I examined the extracting
super and found the new queen had tak-
en up her qu.irters there. I introduced
the new queen later into a nucleus. The
old queen is still living and doing good
work, and I am wondering why they
reared that young queen which I found
in the first place. If they were trying
to supersede the old queen why have
they not tried it again? or do they only
try that once in a season?

There was only enough basswood
gathered to flavor the clover honey.
I am feeding now to stimulate the
queens. I have given up spring stimu-
lating to a great extent, as I find that
colonies strong with young bees in the
fall do not require spring feeding. I
have them strong to go into winter quar-
ters by light feeding just after the flow.

The hint given in one of the bee-pa-
pers in regard to getting all-worker
comb built from starters by weak colo-
nies headed with a young queen, has
been worth something to me. I made
a number of 3- frame nuclei and grad-
ually added frames of starters. Each
colony drew out 7 frames of beautiful
worker-comb. I did not feed them any,
and they have abundance of honey. I
tried the same thing with a weak col-
ony with an old queen, and a fine frame
of drone-comb was the result. I wish

I knew the 7vhy of .some of those bee-
pranks. H. A. Smith.
Palermo, Ont., August 5.

You may be thankful, Mr. Smith, in
having secured a crop of honey this
year. Only in a few localities are bee-
keepers able to report even a "fair"
surplus, and in our immediate section
we have scarcely any honey. To make
matters worse, the weather has been
so very cool and dry that buckwheat
is not yielding anything and prospects
now are that we will have to feed more
for winter stores than what we have
taken from the bees.

As to your superseding experience,
quite possibly that old queen will fail
before next spring, even if she is doing
all right now. About 4 weeks ago I
found a colony headed with a queen of
this year's rearing, making arrangements
for superseding. I broke down the two
cells started, and up to the present they
have not tried to supersede again. But
I shall take note of that colony nnd see
if the queen does not fail in the near
future. Past experience leads me to
think, that such is likely to be the case.

Yes, weak colonies headed by young
queens will do fine work, by way of
building worker-combs from starters,
but, as you intimate, it does not work
that way when old queens arc in the
hives. However, I am a little doubtful
if it pays not to use full sheets of
foundation even in weak colonies, es-
pecially if the bee-keeper produces his
own wa.x for foundation, and does not
have it to buy. Unfortunately with us
this year, except during fruit-bloom,
foundation in any shape would not be
touched by the bees, and the 40 nuclei
I started were got into shape for winter
only by giving them combs of brood and
honev from the old colonies.

Different Methods of Lique-
fying Granulated Honey

BY 0. C. GREINER.

Ever since I have been on the road
selling honey, I have taken extra pains
to inform and educate the honey-con-
suming public within my reach, in re-
gard to the granulating process of all
pure honey. But in spite of all my ef-
forts along this line it is still the gen-
eral belief that granulation indicates
adulteration, and even those people, who
know all about this natural change pre-
fer to buy extracted honey in its liquid
state. My endeavor to furnish such
goods as the market calls for, has forced
upon me a fair amount of experience
in liquefying granulated honey, both in

retail glass packages and in the larger
60-pound till cans.

Occasionally inquiries are made in re-
gard to liquefying honey in glass jars.
Well, here is what I know about it ;

The most important feature of the
operation is time — lots of time — but as
little heat as possible. It is a job that
can not be hurried, if We wish to re-
tain the fine flavor of our honey. We
must therefore take time by the fore-
top, and begin in season.

After my honey is put up in glass
cans, it begins to thicken, and look
"milky, as soon as colder weather sets
in. This takes place, generally, during
September, and, long before winter be-
gins, every can, if let alone, would be
as solid as a rock, figuratively speaking.
But I don't give it the chance, if I

September, 19(17.

American Vee Journal

can help it, for as soon as it begins to
look milky, I begin to renielt it. It
takes less heat, and it can be more
quickly done at that time than later,
after it has Jiad time to become solid.
This, too, seems to answer all the pur-
pose, for it will generally remain liquid
all through the winter after this one
treatment.

We have over our kitchen stove a
shelf that holds one dozen quart cans.
With the common firing for family use
hpney placed on this will liquefy, ready
for closing the can, in about 24 hours.
It is very essential that every granule
should be melted to prevent granulation
a second time later on. I always un-
screw the top of each can a very little
when I expose the cans to the heat.
This may not be necessary. Years ago
I liquefied pound-bottles in the same
way without removing the corks, and
it seemed to work just as well. How-
ever, I think it is better to give the
packages a chance to "breathe."

As long as I have liquid honey on
hand to supply the market, I keep this
shelf only occupied with cans, changing
whenever necessary, but later on, when
the markets begins to call more regu-
larly for honey, the shelf is too slow.
To keep ahead of my orders, I use
a two-wick oil-stove with a sheet-iron
oven. (See illustration.) The latter ac-
atcommodates two dozen cans at a time,
and with the blaze turned so low that
the cans can be handled comfortably
bare-handed at any time, two batches
can be liquefied in a day. This gives
me a liquefying capacit.v, including the
dozen on the shelf, of J dozen a day,
more than enough to keep me supplied.

To liquefy 60-pound cans of honey
is a very unpleasant job, the best we
can make of it. They are too heavy to
handle, with no chance, except the lit-
tle wire loop, to get hold of them —
they slip and slide like so much quick-
silver. I aim not to have any 60-pound
cans, or honey in still larger bulk, to
liquefy. What I expect to sell in this
shape is put up in these packages, but
all the rest is put up in retail glass
.cans or tumblers at extracting time, or
as soon as the honey is fit to be handled.
But as we can not foretell the condi-
tions of the season's trade, our plans
and calculations do not always material-
ize just as we expect, and thus it hap-
pens that I have to liquefy more or
less honey in 60-pound cans every fall
or winter. In this case I resort to the
hot water plan.

For the outside water receptacle I
use the bottom-part of an uncapping
can. This is a pan with square sides
10 inches deep. In the bottom of this
I place a little wooden frame, and
when riie can to be liquefied is set on
this, fill in the water. To supply the
principle of "lots of time," the whole
outfit is placed on the back part of the
kitclicn-stove a day or two before I in-
tend to use the honey. As we use coal,
and keep fire constantly day and night,
the water is kept at about the right
temperature all the time, so that when
I am ready to do the putting up, the
honey will flow readily from the can.
If it is yet a little thick or milky at
that time, I fill the jars just the same,

and let them have a turn in the little
oven.

Formerly I always filled jars direct
from the 60-pound cans, but of late
years I have a better way. I empty
them first into a large cream-pail—
melting-pail, as I call it— holding about
85 pounds, which I had made for this
purpose. It has a hoop of i;4-inch
band-iron soldered to the bottom to
keep the latter from coming in direct
contact with the stove, and at the same
time prevent the honey-gate from strik-
ing, when the pail is sitting or sliding
on the level surface. The advantages
of an emplement of this kind are sev-
eral. When filling jars, lioney should
always be drawn from the bottom. It
may be free from all impurities other-
wise, but the melting process produces
more or less foam, which rises to the
top, and thereby improves the appear-
ance of the honey drawn from below.
Another point is wort^h considering.

GrEINER'S RELIQUEFVING ApPAR.'iTUS.

It is much more convenient to fill small
packages from a honey-gate than from
the opening of a 60-pound can. With
the latter, try as we may, occasional
spilling and mussing is almost impos-
sible to prevent.

In cases of necessity the slow process
of waiting a day or two for a 60-pound
can to melt, may not be just the thing.
To save time, the matter can be hur-
ried considerably without running any
risk of injuring our honey. We will
suppose that the depth of our hot-
water receptacle is only about one-half
the height of the can to be melted. It
is not likely that many of us are the
owners of a suitable implement that
will admit of submerging a can clear
out of sight. In the first place, the
temperature of the water can be raised
a little higher, say to about 120 or 125
degrees. This is a temperature that
a person's hand can bear a short time,
but it may become a little uncomfort-
able after awhile. In about 3 hours
the lower or submerged part of the
honey will be melted enough so that it
can be turned into the melting-pail, af-
ter a hole has been drilled by means

of a long knife thnuigh the upper part
of the yet granulated honey. This hav-
ing been done, the second step would be
to screw up the can and replace it bot-
tom-side-up in the hot-water. If the
water has been deep enough to sub-
merge one-half of the can, it does not
take as long to melt the remainder as it
did the first part, because during the
melting of the honey below, all the rest
has been slightly warmed.

The operation can also be performed
in a reverse order by first placing the
can in the water, top down. Then it
can be turned out whenever it is melted
enough to run, without being obliged to
open a way through the upper part of
the honey. To facilitate the handling
of the can it is advisable, as a make-
shift, to wrap a small rope — a piece of
a clothes-line will answer the purpose —
two or three times around the can,
and tie with the usual half-hitch. This
will make a much better lifting device
than the frail, little wire-loop of the
can.

As soon as the first can be emptied, a
second one can take its place in the hot
water. After once started, no time
need be wasted ; the work connected
with our retail-packages, such as wash-
ing, labeling, filling, sealing, etc., will
occupy our time while the honey in
the next can is melting.

La -Salle, N. Y.

Outdoor Wintering of Bees

BY C. P. DADANT.

I have received the following ques-
tions for reply :

Mr. Dad.\nT: — I wish to try wintering a por-
tion of my bees on the summer stands, and
as I am informed that you do it successfully,
I trust you will be kind enough to give me
your method of preparation. I want to know
what you use, and how you use it. Do you
use a honey-board? If you use enamel-cloth,
Iiow do you maintain a bee-space between it
and the tops of the frames? And what else do
you use and how do you apply it?

Knox Co., 111.- F. B. Hazlett.

We do not use any honey-board on
our hives at any time. In the spring
and summer months we use a cloth over
the top of the frames, or over the top
super, and a straw-mat on top of this
cloth. In winter we remove the cloth,
which is usually impervious to moisture,
and use the straw-mat directly over the
frames of the brood-chamber. We have
never tried to use any device for a bee-
space at the top. Perhaps a bee-space
would be best, and, in this case the Hill's
device is as good as anything. It is
kept for sale by nearly all the dealers.

The straw-mat is not used by many
people, and yet we would not willingly
do without it. It is warm in winter, cool
in summer, flexible and not easily pro-
polized, even when left over tlie frames
in the busy season. But at this time, the
bees fasten it to the top of the frames
and it is soon torn to pieces. So we
have always used a cloth during the
working season.

Our purpose, in using the straw-mat
for winter, is to have a cover which will
retain the heat and still allow the mois-
ture to escape. This may be secured in
the same way by the use of old woolen
carpets. Two or three thicknesses

American Me Journal j^^^

placed over the brood-chamber will ab-
sorb moisture while keeping the bees
warm.

Some theorists on wintering bees have
held that it is not necessary to have ab-
sorbents for moisture in the top of the
hive, and that the bees will winter as
well if the ceiling is absolutely air-tight.
This is correct in ordinary winters —
when the bees have a chance to fly once
in every two or three weeks, or when an
occasional day is sufficiently warm to
allow the frost to thaw and the hive to
become dry — but I have seen winters
when the long, protracted cold weather
caused such a large amount of moisture
to accumulate in a hive where there was
no upward escape for moisture or ab-
sorbents for this purpose, that the bees
were practically soaked with the damp-
ness produced by their own breath, ac-
cumulated during months of confine-
ment. A ceiling which allows the mois-
ture to pass into the cover, without per-
mitting the escape of heat is positively
the best for outdoor wintering. [ be-
lieve that our successful cellar-winter-
ing bee-keepers also approve of a slight
amount of top ventilation or of absorb-
ents, even in the cellar, though it is of
less importance there.

Our method is to place forest leaves
in the cap over the top of the straw-
mat, but this is because we have the for-
est leaves handy in most of our apiaries.
Anything else, such as chaff, woolen
cushions, corncobs, or even dry shav-
ings, will answer the same purpose.
It is of some importance to have this
material arranged so that it will not
spill over the combs, when placing it or
removing it.

As to the lower ventilation of the
hive, it is of less importance. But if
there is no top packing, a much larger
amount of lower ventilation should be
given, so that the moisture which may
gather be enabled to escape or dry out.
But with a good, warm packing above,
only a small entrance-space need re-
main. Of course there should be no
chance for mice to crawl in. They
would disturb the bees much during
cold weather, besides the ravages they
might make in the unoccupied combs.

Weak colonies may be wintered on
the summer stands, by covering them
entirely with outside cases. An ordi-
nary Langstroth hive could be covered
with a dry-goods box. This keeps the
bees much warmer than outside ex-
posure. But the outside cover must be
removed or thrown back in warm days
so that the bees may be able to take
flight. If they were confined during
warm days, it would be fatal, as they
worry a great deal when the weather is
warm, if they cannot get out.

We aim to have our colonies as
sheltered as possible on all sides, but
the sunny side, and we want that to
be the side of the entrance. So we try
to face our hives as nearly south as
possible, although a southeastern or
southwestern exposure will do nearly
a? well.

When there is snow, we try to keep
the bees quiet, especially if they have
had a flight shortly before. But if the
snow is thawing and the weather
warm, it is better to let them fly, even
if some are lost on the snow, than to

try to keep them confined. In very
heavy snows, during the coldest months,
wc have often found colonics whose
hives were entirely buricfl in the snow
to go through all right. The only dan-
ger from the snow is, if it should thaw,
and the water from it should afterwards
freeze and close all the openings.
When there are absorbents in the cap
over a porous cover, there is air enough
to be had through this to insure the
bees against smothering. But when the
snow melts, it should be cleared from
the entrance and the alighting - board,
for, if it is allowed to remain, it will
make a large amount of water, and the
bees will often get soaked in trying to
go in or out. We want to see the
entrance dry at all times when the
bees are flying.

A good colony, of average strength,
will usually produce enough warmth
to thaw the snow at the entrance be-
fore the sun begins to act upon it. If
the hive is slanting forward, as it
should always be, it will not be diffi-
cult to clear the snow away and allow
the vvater to run down and off the
alighting-board, at the first rays of the
sun, on any day when it is likely to
be warm enough for the bees to fly.
In cold weather, better let it alone.

As a matter of course, we must make
sure, before winter, that our bees have
enough stores for winter, and that the
honey is of good quality. The ordi-
nary amount considered necessary for
wintering is 25 pounds. We would pre-
fer 40 pounds, and in large hives we
have nearer to this last quantity than
to the first-named. If there is fruit-
juice or honey-dew in the combs, it
should be extracted. We have at times
failed to comply with this requirement,
but have always regretted it. It will
always pay to remove fruit-juices, hon-
ey-dew or unsealed honey from the
combs. The last, however, will not
be injurious if the colony is not over-
rich, as this unsealed honey will be
consumed first. But we have seen win-
ters, after extraordinary productive
seasons, when unsealed honey at the
lower edge of the outside combs re-
mained late enough to absorb moisture
and fill the cells to overflowing. This
watery ho4iey was death to the bees
that consumed it during cold weather.

If the bees are in proper condition,
a very ordinary colony will be able to
withstand a very cold winter.

Hamilton. 111.

Where Do the Field-Bees
Deposit Their Loads ?

BV G. M. DOOLITTLE.

Under the above heading, on page 614,
the Editor finishes up his little "ser-
mon" in a way pointing toward a "scrap"
between Macdonald and Doolittle. Now
Doolittle wants no battle with any one,
and he would not step in to interfere
with this Macdonald- York matter at all,
were it not that Doolittle is apparently
misunderstood by one or both of them.
.\nd in order that I may be the better
understood I will simply give the read-
ers a brief account of how I find things

along the line of this controversy, "and
leave it to each of the two gentlemen
to convince the other that he is mis-
taken."

Up to the honey-rtow, I work as far
as may be to get all the brood possible
in the combs. With a really good queen,
I succeed in having 8 out of the 10
frames (of Langstroth size; used in a
hive, filled with brood, and the other 2
from half to three-fourths full. With
queens not up to this ''good" standard,
some have 6 combs full, 2 others from
half to two-thirds full, and the remain-
ing 2 with no brood in. If any queen,
having a fairly good chance, does not
come up to this latter standard, the
hive containing her is marked, and she
is superseded as soon as the harvest
is over, unless I find out the condition
of things so that she can be more profit-
ably superseded before the flow of nec-
tar commences.

With the first standard, all of the 10
frames are allowed to remain in the hive
when the supers are put on; but with
the second standard, and all colonics
not coming up to it. dunmiies are put in
to take the place of all frames not hav-
ing brood in them, and in this way each
colony is compelled to labor in the sec-
tions according to the populatiort they
may have. In this the reader has one of
the "kinks" Mr. Macdonald speaks
about.

If all of the combs was left in the
hive, where a colony did not have brood
to an amount greater than 6 combs full,
little or no section honey could be se-
cured, for the first deposit of honey (not
iicc/nc) would go into the combs in the
brood-chamber, and with this "start-out"
the combs would contain the "bank ac-
count" and the sections little or nothing.
But with only brood in the combs of
the brood-chamber at the commencement
of the honey harvest, the bank account
is sure to be in the sections. Here I
say "only brood." Mr. Macdonald quotes
me as saying combs "literally filled with
brood." Without taking time to look
up the matter. I will say that I doubt
not that he quotes me corectly, for.
as the editorial hints. I am given to em-
phatic statements.

Now, just what do I mean by combs
or frames containing only brood, or
literally filled with brood? In general
terms, just what is needed for the brood.
I very much doubt whether a square
foot of comb was ever seen not having
a single cell in it unoccupied with brood.
In other words, the best frames of brood
will have, here and there, scattered
about among the cells, one or more
which do not have an egg, larva or
pupa in them, while the average frame
of brood, at the time of the comence-
ment of the flow of nectar, will contain
cells to the number of several hundred
with pollen and thin honey, scattered
all about among the brood, needed for
the immediate demands of that brood,
and the every-day use of the colony.
This they must have. If they do not, no
bank account will ever find the credit
page for that colony, either in the
combs or in the sections.

There is a great difference between
a brood-nest and a brood-chamber. What
I want you all to see is that, if we

September, 1907.

Americanize Journal

would secure the very best results, the
brood-n«st mtist fill the brood-chamber,
and when such is the case that brood-
chamber is literally filled with brood,
or has in it only just what is neces- ^
sary for the every-day wants of the
brood. If the brood-chamber is only
partly occupied with the brood-nest, at
the time of the commencement of the
honey harvest, then that honey not
needed for the daily wants of the brood,
which is brought in from the fields, goes
into the part of the brood-chamber not
occupied by the brood-nest, and thus the
brood-chamber becomes the "bank" in
which the surplus is deposited, and not
the sections'.

If we are working for extracted
honey, and put on supers of empty
comb, then there is little need of work-
ing so hard to have the brood-nest oc-
cupy the whole of the brood-chamber,
for bees will enter a super filled with
empty extracting combs and deposit
their surplus there nearly, if not quite,
as quickly as they will place the same
in empty cells on the outside of the
brood-nest. But to go into a super, all
cut up into little section apartments,
having separators for partitions, and
comb foundation in each section, in-
stead of empty comb, the case is alto-
gether different, and we must work ac-
cordingly if we are to secure good re-
sults from our bees.

With this long preliminary, I come to
the matter of "Where do the field-bees
deposit their loads?" Surely, not in the
cells of the combs, either in the brood-
nest, brood-chamber or in the surplus
apartment of the hive, if my observa-
tions count for anything. I have stood,
sat, and lain by the side of an observa-
tion hive for minutes, and hours, till
these will count into days, and I never
yet saw a single bee coming in from the
field with a load of nectar, deposit the
same in the cells of the comb. The
loaded field-bee seeks out a young bee-
one less than i6 days old, or those
which do the work inside of the hive,
when a colony is in a normal condi-
tion—and the load of nectar is given to
this inside worker, and the sac of this
inside worker holds that nectar until it
is sufficiently evaporated for depositing
in the cells, unless more comes in from
the fields than the sacs of the inside
workers can contain. When this hap-
pens, then this thin nectar is deposited
in the cells, generally in those scattered
.-ibout amongst the brood, so far as they
will hold it, as the nurse-bees use this
thin nectar or honey in preparing the
chyle for the larvae. If the vacant cells
in the brood-nest will not hold the sur-
plus of nectar, above what the sacs of
the inside workers can contain, then
these inside workers deposit it anywhere
that vacant cells, not containing evapor-
ated nectar (or what has now become
honey), can be found.

In an abundant yield from basswood,
I have seen such nectar deposited in a
comb left standing near the entrance of
the hive on the outside, when on shak-
ing the bees off this comb, the thin nec-
tar would fly out of the cells the same
as it will during a good flow from the
brood-combs. And it is not necessary
to have an observation hive to prove this

part of the matter. Just supersede a black
queen with one of the golden Italians
about a month before your expected
flow of nectar, so that at the time of
nectar you will have black field-bees and
yellow inside workers, and you will see
the black field-bees giving their loads of
nectar to the golden young bees when
they are on a comb you hold in your
hands, just taken from the hive.

Now for another simple proof ; At lo
a. m. look at the entrance of any hive
where such an exchange of queens has
been made from 28 to 36 days previous-
ly, and you will see only black bees
coming in with loads of nectar. Now
open the super of sections and look for
black bees depositing their loads in the
combs. Surely they will be doing this,
if the old ideas of the bees working
their way from the fields up through
the crowded mass in the hive so they
can deposit their loads in the supers,
was correct; or that an entrance was
needed in the super so that the field-
bees could go direct to the sections to
deposit their loads. But instead of find-
ing black bees there, if the date be 36
days after the golden queen began to
lay, you will find 9 out of every 10
bees in the sections are as yellow as
gold, and all transparent from the loads
of nectar from the basswood blossoms
their honey-sacs contain.

Now, Messrs. Macdonald and York, I
am not in this fight of yours. If either
of you can get any good or comfort
out of the above, or if the readers of the
American Bee Journal get anything out
of it which will be of benefit to them,
I shall feel well paid for the part I have
taken in the matter.

Borodino, N. Y. ,

Some Practical Don'ts for
Bee-Keepers

EV E. \V. .1LEX.\NDER.

While we are so free to tell the in-
experienced what they should do in or-
der to succeed, would it not be well
to remind them of some things they
should lint do?

Inventint. Hives.

First, don't spend either time or
money in trying to construct a new
form of hive — not but that there are
some serious faults in nearly all of our
standard hives, but let the experienced
bee-keeper remedy those faults.

M.\N.\nEMENT OF WeAK COLONIES ; Hl)\\

TO Prevent Robbing.

Don't allow your bees to acquire the
habit of robbing. Hundreds of weak
colonies are lost annually by this pro-
voking habit which is frequently caused
by the neglect of their owner. One of
the worst features of taking bees from
their winter quarters, a few at a time,
is that it almost invariably starts rob-
bing. The colonies that are taken out
first, and have had their cleansing fliglit,
being well located are in prime condi-
tion to attack every colony that is taken
out later, and before they become lo-
cated the bees from those that were
taken out first have full swing at their

less fortunate neighbors. In order to
prevent this costly and unpleasant state
of things, where you have to set out
your bees at different times, first con-
tract the entrance of every colony; then
as soon as you find a colony that is be-
ing robbed, even thougn it is only just
started, close it up and keep it so for
several days; then if they have any
brood, set them on top of a strong colo-
ny with a queen-e.xcluder between. If
they have no brood, and still have a
queen, give th6m a comb containing
brood from some other colony.

In putting two colonies together in
this way don't disturb either of them
any more than you can help, especially
the stronger one. If you keep a close
watch on your apiary, and treat them
as above described, you can save nearly
all of your weak colonies with but little
trouble, and at the same time prevent
your apiary from getting into that de-
moralized condition which they fre-
quentl)' do when they find several weak
colonies which they can over-power with
but little loss of bees.

Caution .Against Making Increase
TOO Rapidly.
Then the desire for more bees is al-
most sure to tempt the inexperienced to
divide his colonies to that extent that
they are almost worthless, either for
surplus or to try to winter. So, don't
make your increase too fast. If you
do, you will not only lose your pros-
pect of securing a fair surplus, but the
chances are that you will lose many
colonies during the following winter.

Keep Good Bees and Produce Good

Honey.
Then don't be contented in keeping
bees that are not good honey-gather-
ers. This is the principal thing we
keep bees for ; and if they fail to give
us a good surplus when they should,
supersede their queens with queens of
a good honey-gathering strain.

Then don't produ'.-e poor-looking comb
hone)-. You have no more excuse for
producing poor stuff' than the dairyman
has for producing poor butter ; but pro-
duce a quality that you will take pride
in stamping on every package of it jour
name and address.

Don't set your bees in a place where
they will annoy the public. Either keep
them where they will not disturb any
one, or sell them and go out of the
business.

Don't allow drone-comb in any hive
except one or two, and see that these
hives have choice breeding queens.
There is no more profit in keeping a
colony of bees where a large percent
of their combs is drone-comb than there
would be in keeping a poultry yard of
roosters.

Don't allow kingl)irds, skunks, toads,
and snakes to hang around your apiary.
If you do they will weaken the working
force of every colony.

Don't thinic that bees will give you
good results in either increase or sur-
plus honey if you neglect them and fail
to do your part. The day is past when
the word "luck" has any bearing on
bee-keeping. The man who conducts
his business in a careless, slipshod way,
taking it for granted that this and that

Scpleiiiljcr, 1UU7.

American Hee Journal

will conic out all riglu, is only fooling
himself; and the sooiier he realizes it to
be a fact, the better for all concerned.
So, don't try anything of the kind, but
look close to all the minor parts; and
when yon have united them into one fine
method for practice you will be well
rewarded for your study and perse-
verance.

Don't spend any time in worrying over
the frequency of poor seasons, but
spend your time in preparing your bees
to make the most they can of any kind
of season that comes, then you will
be almost surprised to see how few poor
seasons there are. We have not had a
really poor season in 25 years, while
some of my neighbors complain of a
poor season nearly every summer.

Sixonu-Hanu Honey-Pack aces.

1 almost beg of you not to buy sec-
ond-hand packages to ship extracted
honey in. I don't know when I ever
read better advice than Mr. Muth gave
us a short time ago on this subject.
Don't use those poor packages. If you
do, you not only bear dowrb the market
price of honey, but you indirectly raise
the freight-rate.

Don't bother with starters of comb
foundation in your breeding or extract-
ing fraines; but _put in full sheets of
foundation and prevent your bees from
building that worst nuisance of the
apiary — namely, drone-comb. The man
with a few colonies may have time to
fuss with starters; but if you have many
hives to care for, the sooner you cut
out this starter business, and the shift-
ing around the apiary of brood, the bet-
ter it will be for your net income. The
earlier in the spring you can have every
hive in your apiary, and every comb
in those hives filled with worker-brood,
then keep them so to the end of the
season, the less reason you will have to
worry about poor honey seasons and
over-stocking. We have never had a
strong colony of bees backed up with a
hive full of worker-brood fail to give
us a good surplus.

Preparing for Winticr.

Don't neglect to prepare your bees
early in the season for winter. This
part of the business should here at the
North be all finished before September
10. To a certain extent we are pre-
paring our bees all summer for the
next season ; then when the final finish
comes, the last of .\ugust, we have but
little to do, and I am sure that they
will winter with less loss if they have a
chance to quiet down and are undis-
turbed during the fall months.

Don't try to winter weak colonies.
If you are anxious to save all you can,
then feed them syrup made from granu-
lated sugar as soon as the harvest com-
mences to close, so as to keep them
breeding until they are strong in bees.
If you attend to them in this way they
will often be your best colonies in the
spring; but if you can not do this you
had better unite two or more together
in the fall ; for a weak colony in the
fall is usually a dead one in the spring.

Don't try to winter a queen the third
winter. I am sure it doesn't pay. She
is almost sure to die. either in the
winter or early spring; and if she lives

she is so slow to start brood in the
spring that you will have a weak col-
ony until midsummer; and it will re-
quire more valuable time to build it up
than three queens would cost.

IJon't fail to keep your bees as warm
and comfortable as is possible during
the first four or five weeks after taking
them from their winter quarters. We
contract the entrances of all colonies
to J-g by 1 or 2 inches. In doing so
it prevents robbing to quite an extent,
and helps them to enlarge their brood-
nest, which is very important at this
season of the year. We also try to re-
tain all the heat we can at the top of
the hive. We put a piece of canvas first
over the top of the frames, then a board
under cover, cleated so as to form two
dead-air spaces; then our outside tele-
scope top, which is kept well painted
so as to prevent any rain from entering
the hive. You may think this is taking
more pains than is necessary. We think
it has much to do toward helping the
bees to give us a nice surplus during
the summer.

Don't put \our bees into winter quar-
ters that will subject them to unnatural
conditions. If you do you will lose
many colonies, both during the winter
and spring. It is almost impossible to
save a colony that has been poorly win-
tered. We may talk and write of the
thousand and one different things con-
nected with successful bee-keeping; but
wdien they are all summed up the whole
combined is not of as much importance
as perfect wintering. We could make
more money the following season from
strong colonies when taken from their
winter quarters if they were in nail-kegs
than could be made from little, weak,
sickly colonies in the best hive that was
ever constructed.

I will close by saying, before I run ofT
on the subject of wintering, that close
attention to all things connected with
your bees is the magic word that un-
locks the door to success in bee-keep-
ing.— Gleanings in Bee-Culture.

Feeding Bees Diluted Honey

and Sugar Syrup for

Winter Stores

TRANSLATHl' liV J. C. BAUMGAERTNER.

Coming across an article on some very
interesting experiments along the lines
of winter feeding with diluted honey
and sugar syrup, by ]\Ir. J. H. Clasen,
of Wisconsin, in the .'\cker und Garten-
bau Zeitung, I think it worth while to
translate it for the benefit of the read-
ers of the American Bee Journal. Mr.
Clasen says :

"In writing this I am well aware of
the opposition I shall arouse, for most
apiarists consider this method of feed-
ing bees as objectionable, and detrimen-
tal to the health of the bees. Yes, even
more. Until recent years I have myself
held the erroneous idea that such feed-
ing was an impossibility, until I have
been convinced by repeated tests, that
this way of feeding is entirely harmless,
and under certain circumstances even
recomniendable.

"In order to place my experiments and
their results or failures plainly before
my readers, 1 am obliged to reach back.

"About /O years ago an old apiarist
told me tliat in his home in Bohemia,
many bee-keepers feed their light colo-
nies in mid-winter by filling a wine-bot-
tle witli dilu'id honey, tying a coarse
cloth over the mouth of the bottle, and
inserting this buttle, mouth downward,
into a hole in the top of the hive where
the bees had access to it.

"This matter seemed worth a trial,
and having 2 colonies in the apiary in a
condition that made their ability to pull
through doubtful, I soon proceeded to
try on them this method of feeding.
They both stood on the south side in
an open house-apiary. I wrapped the
bottles in cloth to protect them against
freezing. The bees really took a part
of the food, but as, in spite of the wrap-
ping, it cooled off too rapidly, they could
not take it all. Both colonies aied the
following spring from dysentery.

"A few years later I conducted an-
other experiment. This time I made
preparations for it in the fall, by cut-
ting a hole about 3 inches in diameter
in the honey-boards on the hives in-
tended for the experiment. The circu-
lar blocks cut out of these boards I
nailed on a sxj-inch piece of board each,
and replaced them in the opening. The
bees soon closed the saw-kerf with pro-
polis, leaving the honey-boards prac-
tically sound. The hives were now placed
in protecting-cases, with chatt-packing.
and a super put on the hive when the
hood of the protecting-case was put on.

"That winter I used l-quart Mason
fruit-jars for feeding. I filled the jars
with two parts of extracted honey and
one part of warm water, tied a piece of
coarse linen over the opening, inverted
the jars, and set them in the holes in
the honey-boards. I re-heated the food
by wrapping a few hot bricks and plac-
ing them in the super around the jars.
As near as I could judge, the bees were
near starvation when the food was giv-
en, and they took it all dowm in 24
hours. But also the results of this ex-
periment were no success, for in a few
days the hive-entrance was almost
clogged with dead bees. They were fed
three times during the winter, and af-
ter every feed I found a number of
sticky, dead bees on the bottom-board.
The surviving bees in these colonies ( I
had fed several) came through the win-
ter in a very weakened conditon. and.
in spring, showed signs of dysentery.

"Discouraged by the non-success of
this experiment — from which I had an-
ticipated good results with a high de-
gree of certainty — I ceased all further
experiments with liquefied food in out-
side-wintered colonies. And I believe,
even now', that this method of feeding
outside-wintered colonies is ill-applied.

"Still, I have reaped some benefits
from these tests, for my attention has
thereby been called to the convenient
way of feeding bees by means of a jar.
and I have since fed all my colonies
with the above-mentioned hole cut in
the honey-board. In performing the af-
ter imperative spring feeding, I simply
set a jar of warm food (closed as
above) inverted into the hole in the

September, 1907

American ^ae Journal

honey-board on the liive, and wrap an
old cloth around it. In warm weather
this is sufficient protection. However,
if the weather is cool and windy, I put
on a super and slip the hood down over
it. In mild weather the bees take the
food down in a few hours. I also use
this method when feeding in- the cellar,
of which I shall now speak.

"A few years after my unsuccessful
experiment, I read in foreign papers
that bee-keepers water their bees in win-
ter. I concluded that if that disturbance
did not harm them ( I erroneously
thought that the cause of my failure
was due to the disturbance of this feed-
ing to the bees), no harm can come
from adding some honey or sugar to
the water, thus feeding the bees at the
same time. I now have a well-equipped,
dry bee-cellar, and had, in previous
years, fed the cellared bees liquid food ;
but never before near spring and after
a previous cleansing flight. I now con-
cluded to try ithis feeding before a
cleansing flight, in winter.

"For this purpose I took, in the fall
of 1904, 3 colonies into the cellar, each
having about 10 pounds of honey. On
Feb. I, 1905, I gave each of these colo-
nies about a quart of a mixture consist-
ing of two parts clover honey and one
part water. The bees took this food in
about 6 hours, and remained very quiet
in the dark cellar. In 2 weeks this was
repeated with the same results. About
3 weeks later I gave each colony about
2 quarts in 2-quart jars. This time it
cooled before the bees had taken it all.
After the jars were about half empty, I
took them, heated the food, and then
returned it to the bees, when in about
24 hours the last drop was taken out of
the jars.

"On March 28, 1905, these bees were
taken out of the cellar. They had brood
in all stages, and no sign of dysentery
noticeable. However, they had to be
fed once more during spring. But they
were the first of 91 colonies wintered,
to cast swarms. One of these colonies
swarmed on May- 28 — unusually early
for this locality.

"Encouraged by these results, I pur-
posely placed 16 light colonies in the
cellar, in the fall of 1905. The amount
of honey present in these colonies varied
froin 10 to 12 pounds. The first feed,
consisting of 2 parts of white sugar and
one part of water, was given them on
Feb. 14. 1906. I gave each colony a
quart of this mixture. In about 2 weeks
another quart of sugar syrup was given
each colony. This time 2 of the colo-
nies refused to take the food, the re-
maining 14 colonies taking it in the
usual way. About the middle of March
the feeding was repeated, and at the
end of March once more. In all, these
16 colonies were fed about 145 pounds
of sugar syrup. Since about 1-3 was
water, the cost of wintering the iG colo-
nies was about 6 pounds of sugar and
II pounds of honey per colony.

"On .\pril 2. 1906, these colonies were
taken from the cellar. The two colo-
nies which, after the first feeding, re-
fused to take more food, were found
very weak in number of bees, but the
other 14 colonies were in excellent con-
dition, and swarmed very early. Each

of these colonies was in every respect
equal to any of the other 9^ colonies
wintered on combs of honey. Last fall,
I placed several exceedingly light colo-
nies in the cellar and began feeding
very early. I shall report the succjss
or failure next spring."
New Memphis, 111.

The Cause of American Foul
Brood

BY DR. G. F. WHITE, PH. D.,
Expert in Bacteriology.

For several reasons much confusion
exists as to the present status of our
knowledge of bee-diseases. It is hoped
that this circular will give information
which will to some extent clear up the
subject of American foul brood from a
bacteriological point of view. The
symptoms of this disease are given in
Circular No. 79 of the Bureau of En-
tomology, entitled. "The Brood Dis-
eases of Bees." American foul brood
is the prevalent disease in America. and,
judgmg from reports received from
Europe and from descriptions in Euro-
pean bee-journals and books, it is the
prevalent one there. There is another
diseased condition, which Cheyne ex-
amined, and to which we now refer as
"European foul brood."

Wlien the author began his work on
bee-diseases, in the summer of 1902,
he observed, in combs containing Amer-
ican foul brood, in the dried remains of
the dead larvae, known as the scales,
a very large 'number of spores which
failed to grow when inoculated into
the media ordinarily used in the labo-
rator)'. It was clear, then, that these
spores are not Bacillus alvci, and that
this disease is not the "foul brood" of
Cheshire and Cheyne. The following
year the study was continued and a
medium was devised in which the spores
found in this disease will germinate.
This medium consists of an agar made
by following the directions ordinarily
used in the laboratory, with the excep-
tion that bee-larva: are substituted for
meat. By the use of this medium were
obtained pure cultures of the luicro-
organism which is found so abundant-
ly, in the form of spores, in the dried
scales of American foul brood.

In reporting these findings the author
referred to this organism as "Bacillus
X." Further study was subsequently
made, and the species was given the
permanent name Bacillus larvae. The
description of this species may be found
in Technical Series No. 14 of this Bu-
reau. In his publications the author
has made no claim that Bacillus larvae
is the cause of American foul brood,
but has made the statement that it is
found to be present in all the samples
of this disease which have been exam-
ined by him. No inoculation experi-
ments were made, for the reason that
sufficient cultures in suitable condition
could not be obtained from any medium
then known.

Since the media used in former in-
vestigations are not suitable for obtain-
ing cultures for purposes of inocu-
lation, in taking up the further study

it has been necessary to devise a me-
dium which would be satisfactory in
this respect. Such a medium has been
discovered, and large amounts of the
culture suitable for experimental in-
oculations liave been obtained. This
medium is prepared and used as fol-
lows : Healthy bee - larv^ or young
pupae are picked from the coinb, -crush-
ed, strained through cheese-cloth, di-
luted with 20 to 50 times their volume
of water, filtered through ordinary fil-
ter-paper, and then passed through an
earthenware filter (the Berkefeld filter
is satisfactory) to remove any bacteria
which are present. The sterile filtrate
thus obtained may be filtered into tubes
or flasks and stored until needed. When
Bacillus larvae is to be isolated, a tube
of the ordinary agar of the laboratory
is liquefied and cooled to 45° or 50° C.
Then adout c.c. of the filtrate mentioned
above is added to it. A very small
amount of the decaying larvse affected
with American foul brood is then added.
The procedure from this point is as
usual in making agar plate cultures ;
these plates are afterward incubated.
When a large amount of culture is de-
sired for experimental purposes it is
convenient to use the ordinary agar
medium in large test-tubes to which
has been added, as above, about 2 c.c.
of the sterile larva? filtrate. These agar
tubes are then inclined and the surface
of the congealed agar is inoculated. In
no case should the larvK or filtrate reach
a high teiuperature. The object, of
course, is to obtain a medium which
contains the food constituents which are
afforded the bacteria in the living larv;e.

Inoculation experiments have been
made by feeding to a healthy colony
the scales from combs which had con-
tained brood affected with American foul
brood. The result of the feeding was
that the colony became afli'ected by dis-
ease, the symptoms of which were the
same as those observed in the apiary
where American foul brood is found.
Like symptoius have been produced by
feeding scales which had been put into
ordinary meat bouillon, incubated for
twenty-four hours, and then heated to
65° C. for twenty minutes.

On microscopic examination of the
decaying larvae dead from the disease
thus produced experimentally, the same
large number of spores and rods are
seen as when samples are examined
which are taken from an apiary affected
with American foul brood. From these
dead larvse pure cultures of Bacillus
larvae were obtained from plates, using
These experiments show that by the
feeding method the disease luay be pro-
duced and that the contagion is found
in the scales. The second experiment
tends to indicate the cause of Ameri-
can foul brood as found in the scales is
not killed by heat at 65° C. applied for
twenty minutes.

Up to the present time there is no
authentic record of this disease having
been produced by e.xperiiuental inocu-
lations of pure cultures.

Knowing that by the feeding method
the disease may be produced, pure cul-
tures of Bacillus larvae have been
mixed with sterile sugar syrup and fed
to healtliy colonies with the result that

September, ItlOT

'•57

American Hee Journalj^^^^^gi^sg^j

the disease appeared in the colonies
within 3 weeks witli syni[)tonis identi-
cal willi those produced by feeding the
scales of the disease. In the ropy
brown mass of the decaying larva; in
the disease wliich is produced experi-
mentally by feeding pure cultures of
BacUlus hirvoc there are found the same
large number of spores and rods as
when the disease is found in an apiary.
Pure cultures of Bacillus hiivac have
been olitained from the larva' dead from
the disease produced experimentally by
feeding pure cultures of Bacillus lar-
vae.

Some ICuropcan investigators of
brood diseases omit the symptoms so
that it is imposible to tell which disease
they are investigating. Their descrip-
tions of micro-organisms also are en-
tirely too brief. These facts have led
to much confusion, and they necessitate
much additional work on the part of
other investigators. They have also
added to the present confusion. From
what can be gained from their papers,
the author is inclined to believe that
Burri has been working with Bacillus
larvae and has been referring to it as
the"baeillus diflkult of cultivation;" that
Maassen has been working with Bacil-
lus larvae and has been referring to it
as Bacillus brandcnburgiensis, and that
von Buttel - Reepen has referred to
Bacillus larvae as "B. burri." It is
hoped that this confusion may soon cease
to exist.

In the study of Bacillus larvae on this
new medium some interesting additional
facts have been observed in the mor-
phology and cultural characters of this
organism wdiich will be given in a bul-
letin from this Bureau in the near fu-
ture. One fact is mentioned now be-
cause it seems to have caused one Ger-
man investigator, Dr. Albert Maassen,
to fall into error in the interpretation
of certain findings. This fact is that
this species. Bacillus larvae, produces
a large number of giant whips. (Giant
whips are at present believed to be in
some way a modification of flagella, the
motile organs of bacteria.) These giant
whips appear in pure cultures of Bacil-
lus larvae and persist there for a long
time. The structures which Maassen
evidently saw and reported in two dif-
ferent publications, naming them Spiro-
chaeta apis, are nothing other than
giant wdiips which normally belong to
Bacillus larvae and which are formed
by the growth of Bacillus larvae in the
larvae of the bee.

Maassen seems to have no further
evidence that the structures which he
saw are spirochetes than what could
be gained by a microscopic examination
of the remains of the dead larvae which
had suffered from this disease. The
appearance which he interprets as a
spirochaete in the process of division
can be seen in the giant whips obtained
from pure cultures of- Bacillus larvae.
These giant whips are found in the
decaying larvae which are dead from
American foul brood experimentally
produced by feeding pure cultures of
Bacillus larvae.

The author has observed these struc-
tures in a large number of examinations
of American foul brood, especially in

the hanging-drijp preparations made di-
rectly from the dead larvie. There is
notliing else cimtained in the dead lar-
v.'c which can be seen that resembles a
spiroch;e(e.*and since Maassen made no
mention of the giant whips fomid there
so abundantly, it is quite certain that lie
has made this mistake.

This preliminary note will be fol-
lowed by a bulletin which will contain
in full the results of recent investiga-
tions by others on the brood disease of
bees and a detailed account of the work
done here.

The results may be summarized as
follows :

(i) In previous publications the au-
thor has made no claim that Bacillus
larvae is the cause of American foul
lirood.

(2) .\ medium has been devised by
which cultures of Bacillus larvae mav

be obtained in large (|uantilie^ suitalile
for experimeiUal inoculation. This mc-
<lium consists of the sterile filtrate ob-
tained by diluting and filtering the
crushed bodies of bee-larva- throuah a
Herkefeld or other fine filter.

(3) American foul brood has been
pr(jduced by feeding pure cultures of
Bacillus larvae, and the symptoms of
the disease are the same as those pro-
duced by feeding the scales of this
dicase and as those observed in the
apiary wdiere colonies are aflfected with
this disease.

(4) The structures described by Doc-
tor -Maassen, of Dahlcm. Germany, as
spirocluctes and named by him Spiro-
chaeta apis are not spirochetes, but
normal structures produced by the
growth of Bacillus larvae. These are
known in bacteriology as giant whips.

Washington. D. C.

^eedoin M

Conducted by LOUIS H. SCROLL. New Braunfels. Tex.

Shallow Divisible Hives— What
Depth Should They Be ?

Mr. Loris H.Scholl: — I have been in-
terested in your mention of the divisible-
brood-chamber hive. I have used prin-
cipally the 8-frame dovetail for an ex-
tracted-honey bive, and like it quite w-ell.
But for a few years I have used some
hives that were the same size except
that they are just 7 inches deep. I like
them, and think of putting in an entire
apiary in that size of hive. One or two
of them make a good winter hive, and
in the honey season I would tier up as
far as necessary. I think the bees ripen
a super of these combs so that only ripe
honey will come from them better than
they will supers of greater depth. I
would like to know what objection you
would have to this depth in compari-
son with the one you are using?

I hope to get out to Texas some day
to see the country, but it is so big I fear
I would not get over much of it.

'Referring to the above, I think of us-
ing Hoi¥man style of frame, closed-end
only 2 or 2' 2 inches. What would you
recommend? Harry Lathrop.

Bridgeport. Wis., May 16.

Localities differ! So do bee-keepers!
Yet. / do not think that locality makes
much difference with some kinds of
hives, as some are more adapted to all
kinds of localities than are others.

The right kind of management must
go with the hive, however. Do not try
to handle shallow, divisible, brood-cham-
ber hives like you would a deep-frame
hive. Leave the handling of combs be-
hind, and handle the shallow chambers.

The combs need hardly ever be handled
except when the honey is to come out of
them in the extracting house. You
would not handle sections individually,
and brush ofif the bees in the apiary,
but take off by .supers full.

The 9-inch depth hive is too deep for
me to accomplish just ivhat I zvant. I
have tried it, and the Danzenbakcr and
Acme hives. It is very rarely that I
use only one section, (as I call all of
my shallow hive-bodies), for a brood-
nest, except once in a while for hiving
shaken swarms; but even then an empty
one is placed beneath it and soon be-
comes half of the brood-chamber proper.
Two or more sections are always used
throughout the greater part of the en-
tire season, and for the majority of my
colonies. The bees generally winter in
3 sections, the upper one cnntaining
honey.

The Ideal sections I use for my hives
are the regular shallow extracting su-
pers on the market, with shallow sH-
inch deep Hoffman frames, V-edgc end-
bars, the kind I would recommend after
trying all kinds of frames thoroughly.
The only trouble wttli these regular-
style frames is that the top-bars are too
wide. I am using and prefer one only
J^-inch wide and J^-inch thick, full, and
no groove for inserting foundation, as
this only weakens the top-bars. The
groove is not needed for fastening
foundation, especially since our frames
are used again and again in bulk comb-
honey production, after the comb has
been cut out. This should cheapen the
frames all around, as they are easier
to make than those put out now. I
shall have several thousand more made
this fall.

September, 1907.

American B^e Journalj

Such a depth frame will take regular-
sized sheets of super-foundation to fill
them, and saves bothering about odd-
sized foundation often causing much
worry. In fact, our idea should be to
have everything of standard size, so that
we can get it whenever and from wher-
ever we want it.

The lo-fraine hive is to be preferred
for all localities in the South, and /
would use the lo-frame divisible brood-
chamber hives in the North, for these
can be made into the largest hives, or
contraction can be practised at will, and
better results obtained than with an
8-frame hive. Two of the sections for
a brood-chamber, as I am using them,
are just the same size as the Dadant
hive, or the Draper or Jumbo barns.
The advantage over these I claim to
have, is that I can manipulate my brood-
chambers and accomplish results that
can not be obtained with deep-frame
hives.

Two of the sections make an ideal
shaped hive for winter, deeper than the
Langstroth. As spring advances and
honey comes in freely from fruit and
other bloom, room is given, not on top,
causing the bees to clog the brood-nest,
but a section of empty combs is slipped
in between the lower and upper sec-
tions of the brood-chamber, thus mov-
ing the upper one, already partly filled
with honey, to the top as the super.
Here it is completely filled later, and
the bees remodel their brood-nest in
the two lower sections.

If this is done just preceding the
swarming period it will knock swarming
in the head to a greater extent than
anything else I have been able to find.
The secret is to break up the solid mass
and crowded condition of the brood-
nest, and I know of no better and easier
way than simply to slip a section of
empty combs between the two halves
of the brood-nest. It provides laying-
room for the queen, and room for the
bees, and you have stronger colonies
instead of swarms.

XnA when the early wliite honey-flow
comes the brood-nest is in an ideal con-
dition for it — free from honey, which
has gone up into the super, and filled
with brood. Now. the comb-honey su-
per with foundation is given — not on
top, but again in between that ideal
brood-chamber and the full, shallow ex-
tracting super. The bees are used to
storing above, there's no honey in the
upper part of the brood-combs, and you
had provided breeding room for a strong
colony for this flow. So what happens
but that the bees go to work imme-
diately, and with a vim not possessed
by colonies treated in the old way? And
is there any better way to accomplish
this? Can it be done so satisfactorily
and easily with any of the deep-frame
hives? I can not do it.

Yes, and when removing honey, more
all-ripe honey can be removed sooner,
and a better quality can be produced,
especially of bulk comb honey, as much
thinner foundation can be used in full
sheets, or if starters are used, less
drone-comb is built, which is very "gob-
by" in comb honey. For extracting
combs I prefer them. They are easier
to free from bees, easier to uncap, and

two of them go into the ii-inch baskets
of the extractor.

After reading my manipulations thus
far, you will readily see tlvit anything
deeper than ni\- sections would be too
deep. There's too little difference be-
tween the 7-Jnch and the Langstroth.
A lo-frame 7-inch section would be too
heavy for one when full ; too deep for
me, as, in the majority of cases, it
would be too much room to give at one
time to obtain best results, especially
for slipping between the sections of the
brood-chambers in spring.

Then, a 7-inch extracting super left
on top would take too much honey to
fill before the white honey-flow before
the bees work in the comb-honey su-
pers. And, again, two of the sections
then comprising the brood - chamber
would be too deep, and much of the
white honey would go into the upper
brood-combs.

There are other reasons why I pre-
fer the shallower hives.

The Death of L. Stachelhausen

Through the death of Mr. L. von
Stachelhausen, the bee-keepers of Tex-
as, and of the entire bee-keeping world,
have sustained an irreparable loss, and
never before have the Texas bee-keep-
ers mourned a greater loss. Mr. Stach-
elhausen had a world-wide reputation
among bee-keepers, not only contribut-
ing much to the literature on bee-cul-
ture of this land, but in Europe also.

L, Stachelhausen.

His loss will be felt there as much as
here in our own country.

Ever ready to impart information,
and to lend assistance to further his
beloved pursuit — apiculture — he gained
the friendship of all who knew him.
He was ever an active member of the
Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, and its
members feel greatly the loss of a fel-
low bee-keeper and a friend from their
midst.

At the last meeting, in July, at Col-
lege Station, a half -hour memorial
service on the forenoon of Wednesday,
the 24th, was held by the con\ention in
commemoration of his death nnd his
departure from among those who held

him in their highest esteem. He was
praised and honored by all who knew
him. and the following resolutions were
adopted:

"Wherefore^ It has come to the
knowledge of our -\ssociation that our
beloved friend and brother bee-keeper,
L. Stachelhausen, has very recently
been removed by death from our
midst, we deem it the bounden duty
of this Association to make some fit-
ting memorial; therefore, be it

Resolved, That we, the Texas bee-
keepers in convention assembled, be-
wail the loss of our esteemed, brilliant
and honored member, and while we
deem it an irreparable loss to the Texas
bee-keepers, as well as to the bee-keep-
ing world, we bow our heads in hum-
ble submission to the will of the Great
Ruler of the Universe, who doeth all
things well.

We would luminate the life of our
deceased brother in that he lived a life
of honor, usefulness and sobriety; that
he was a lover of the cause and call-
ing he had espoused ; that he lived a
life of devotion wholly for the good of
others. It was always his pleasure to
attend our meetings, and today we miss
his kindly face, we fail to hear his
cheerful words, and a vacant chair
stands among us. It is also

Resolved, That a copy of this resolu-
tion be spread upon a page of our
minutes and that that page be bordered
in black ; and that a copy of it be also
sent to the bereaved family, and to the
various bee-papers for publication.
Respectfully submitted.

Louis H. SCHOLL,

W. H. Laws,
C. S. Phillips,

Memorial Committee.

How Does the Queen Fertilize
the Eggs ?

This question has not yet been an-
swered. It has been held that com-
pression on- the queen's abdomen in tlie
act of laying will cause fertilized eggs
to be laid, but I do not believe that
there is anything in it. There are sev-
eral reasons for this. First, when a
queen lays in newly-built comb with
cells only >8-inch deep, there can, of
course, be none of that so-much-talked-
about compression of the abdomen.
Neither is there such when eggs are
laid in queen-ccUs. most of which are
very wide-mouthed and shallow when
the egg is deposited in them.

In a recent issue it was hinted edi-
torially that perhaps the depth of the
cell has something to do with the posi-
tion of the queen when laying. It
was thought that there may be some-
thing in this as regards the differen-ce
in depth of drone-cells and worker, the
latter being shallower than drone-cells.
As the writer had never seen that eggs
were laid in shallow drone-cells or be-
fore they were full.\ drawn out it might
be true.

But, are not, in most cases at least,
the cells of a comb all of about the same
depth as long as they do not yet con-
tain brood, the drone-cells being later
drawn out longer than the worker

September, J 907.

American Hee Journal i

when the brood is capped? 'I'licn, too,
I have seen eggs laid in chonc-cclls
considerably shallower than the worker-
cells on the same comb; the dronc-
oomb being in batches at the lower corn-
ers where the comb is generally more
or less rounded off.

And, again, I have seen eggs in newly-
built drone-comb with cells only J4-inch

deep, and the cells were only later
drawn out full - depth. Anybody can
try this during early summer, when
the queens are an.xious to lay drotu-
eggs, by simply giving an empty frame
in the brood-nest.

And all this goes against the "com-
pression of the abdomen" theory, and
that of the different depths of the cells.

Poison for Mice.

Strychnine is extremely bitter, and
mice or rats are not fond of it. The
following has proved very useful with
me: Take one part flour, .one part
sugar, and one part arsenic ; mix thor-
oughly, and place in hives or where
the mice pass, and they will disappear
very fast. — J. E. Crane, in Gleanings.

Virgin Queens Do Not Always Fight.

Editor Root gives an exception to the
rule, perhaps first one on record. He
says in Gleanings :

"Not six weeks ago we found in one
hive nearly a dozen virgins on one
frame, living peaceably together. It
was a case where a lot of cells had been
given to the colony to complete, and
they had hatched before the apiarist got
around to them. Some of the queens
were from 2 to 3 days old, and yet there
they were all together like a happy
iamily."

Closing Entrance When Moving Bees.

When moving bees, cut a strip of bur-
lap J or 3 inches wide, the length of
the entrance to your hive for each col-
ony, and when ready to close them,
leave these pieces in a pail of water.
Crowd one into each entrance with a
jack-knife; better than sticks, screen or
anything I ever used. No hammering
to disturb the bees, and the moisture
tends to quiet them, as well as being
much the quickest way. Try it. — Amer-
ican Bee-Keeper.

Tarred Felt Not Alw.ws Desirable.

S. D. Chapman found it an actual
detriment, the bees being warmed up
by the dark color, and Hying out on
days when it was so cold that they
were lost. In the Bee-Keepers' Review,
Editor Hutchinson comments:

"If the location is exposed and
windy, I can see that the results might
possibly be like those reported by Mr.
Chapman, but in the sheltered locations
where my brother and myself have used
this kind of protection we have always
found it a decided advantage."

Roasting Out Wax-Worms.

Combs in fected with larvse of the
wax-moth are set out in the sun against
some obstacle so that there are no shel-
tered parts under which the "worms"

may hide from the sun. Then watch
them "hike out," and the sun gets them,
leaving the combs free of the pest.
Don't leave the combs out too long or in
too hot a sun or they will melt. Hun-
dreds of combs have thus been "dis-
infected" in this way in our yards. —
Louis H. Scholl, in Gleanings.

Shaken Swarms.

Under this title, F. Greiner, in the
American Bee-Keeper, gives an excel-
lent summing up of points, among
which are the following:

Some bee-keepers brush all bees from
the brood-combs and place the bee less
combs on top of other colonies; some
leave bees enough on the combs to take
care of the brood, and thus form a new
colony, giving the motherless family
either a queen or a ripe cell; which
latter answers just as well. Some bee-
keepers give the brushed bees a little
brood to hold them.

All authorities on shaken swarms
agree that the bees ought to be made
to fill themselves with honey before
they are shaken or brushed from their
combs.

After a swarm is shaken, dissatisfac-
tion sometimes arises among the mass-
es, possibly also among the royalty, al-
though I don't think that occurs. I
think the queens are subject to the
workers and must go if they so decide.
When the masses become dissatisfied
with the conditions as the bee-master
(?) has aranged matters, they just pull
out. They seem to think that they can
lose nothing, so there they go. If the
queen is able to fly, and nothing else,
hinders her following the bees, our hive
will be found empty of bees when next
we make them a visit.. They may
swarm out after 3 or 4 days. I hardly
consider the same safe before the sev-
enth day. When the queen is clipped,
of course she cannot go with the bees.
After sailing around they decide to come
back, for really they have no other place
to go. The queen crawling about in
front of the hive enters it also when the
bees return.

I have watched many swarms with
clipped queens, and I never saw one go
astray. Hives, however, must not stand
close together, and the alighting-board
to each must reach the ground ; other-
wise there would probably be trouble.

Pri.vkntion op Swarming.

1-. !■'. .'\twatcr gives in The Bee-
keepers' Review, the Rauchfuss or Aikin
plan of preventing swarming, which .\Ir.
Rauchfuss >,iys will give more honey
than any other plan — at least for arid
belt conditions— the chief fault that Mr.
Atwater finds with the plan being that
sometimes a colony is left hopelessly
queenless by the failure of the virgin
to return s.ifely from her wedding trip
He says :

"Put most of the brood in the Irjwei
story of the hive, on this a queen-ex-
cluder, on this a second story, with one
frame of bees, brood and the queen,
the balance of the combs empty or con-
taining some honey.

"Brood-rearing will leap ahead in this
upper story, receiving the heat from the
mass of brood and bees below. The
bees can't swarm, as the queen can not
pass the excluder. Nine or 10 days
later, set the upper story containing
queen, bees and new brood, off to a
new stand. The hive on the old stand
now contains only sealed brood. De-
stroy the queen-cells, if any, give a ripe
queen-cell, or run in a virgin queen,
and put on the supers. The bees will
not swarm, as they have no eggs or
larvs from which to start queen-cells.

"As soon as the young queen begins to
lay, the honey will go up into the su-
pers in a rush. For some conditions
the method may be better than forced
swarming as usually practiced; for the
hatching brood reinforces the field-force
for about 10 or 12 days after the old
queen and her hive of new brood is re-
moved to a new stand."

Value of Protective Surrounuings.

Over at Port Huron, where I met mv
Waterloo last spring, there was a shel-
tered nook at one cprner of the yard.
The wagon-shed, the barn, a high board-
fence, and one or two big apple-trees,
all combined to shut off the cold north
or west winds. Scarcely a colony per-
ished in that sheltered nook ; and even
of those that lived, not one was as
strong, when I moved them away, as
were most of the colonies in the shel-
tered corner of the yard. Away out in
the field, beyond the influence of this
shelter, scarcely a colony was left alive,
and those were weaklings. It seems
strange that some of us are so long in
learning the true value of outside pro-
tection in the winter and spring. — Bee-
Keepers' Review, p. 200.

Strengthening Weak Colonies.

The Alexander plan of putting weak
colonies over an excluder on a strong
colony in spring seems to be gaining in
favor. It appears that if the two colo-
nies are stirred up at the time of put-
ting together, the bees of the stronger
colony kill the upper queen. To avoid
this some allow a wire-cloth between
the colonies for about 2 days, thus al-
lowing them to gain the same scent be-
fore the bees from below can get above.
Others gain the point by doing every-
thing so quietly that the bees of tlie
two colonies are not likely to get to-
gether for some little time.

The Canadian Bee Journal reports.

66o

September, 190.

American Hee Journal

page 208, that E. P. Adams "says he was
at first disappointed with the plan, and
had stated so, as the queen in the weak-
er colon}' was almost invariably killed
and the 2 colonies merged into one be-
low. He has since found, however, that
the lower colony must be really a strong
one ; it does not matter much how weak
the upper one may be, so long as it has
a laying queen. He puts them together
in the evening, or toward evening, when
thev have about ceased to fly, and with-

out using smoke or jarring them at all.
To assist in this he makes all possible
preparation early in the day, placing the
iiueeu-cxcluder on the top of the strong
colony, leaving off the cover, etc. He
is also careful that the weaker colony
is in proper shape, the hive-body made
loose on the bottom-board, and all readv
to be lifted and placed on the top of the
other. He says that these points all go
toward the success of the plan, and that
he is highly pleased with the results.

Docior Millers (§

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to
DR. C. C. MILLER. Marengo, 111. ,~ia
Dr. Miller does fiot answer Questions by mail. I'CS

Late Swarms

1. Why don't my bees swarm? If
they have swarmed we don't know it.
They were very weak when we put them
out in the spring. They come out once
a day and have their "play," as I call
it, but go back in again.

2. Would they need to be fed if they
swarmed now, or would they gather
honey enough for themselves?

MlNNES0T.-\.

Answers. — As you say, they were
weak, it may be that is sufficient reason
for their not swarming. It is possible
that the poor season may have some-
thing to do with It. It also may happen
that a strong colony in a good season
may be good enough not to swarm. A
number of my colonies make no ofifer
to swarm each year, and I wish they
were all of like mind, ily biggest yields
come from these non-swarming colo-
nies.

2. If there is a good fall flow they
ought to get their winter stores; other-
wise not. In any case it is good prac-
tise to feed when a swarm is first
hived. If bad weather should happen
at the time, it would be a setback with-
out such feeding.

Too Many Drones

1. I bought a colony of bees last
spring, and there are now about as
many drones as worker-bees. We would
like to know how to get rid of the
drones.

2. How can we prevent so many
drones being reared?

South D.'^kota.

Answers. — i. Excluder-zinc in some
form will help out. If you have not a
regular drone-trap, use enough exclud-
er-zinc to close the entrance at a time
of day when the drones are flying out.
Then in the evening you can easily
catch them, feed them to the chickens.

or dispose of them in any way you like.

2. The easiest way to prevent a large
number of drones is not to have much
drone-comb in the hive. To make sure
against it. a great many think it best
to have frames filled with worker-
foundation, thus securing worker-combs
in all the frames. If you have frames
largely filled with drone-comb, supply
their places with better. If there are
patches of drone-comb, cut out and fill
the holes with worker-comb or worker-
foundation. You may also slice the
heads off sealed drone-brood, or sprinkle
salt or salt-water on the unsealed brood.

If the drones are as numerous as you
indicate, I'm afraid it may be a case
of laying workers. See if the sealing of
worker-cells, instead of being flat, is
raised like little marbles. If so. it is a
case of laying-workers, and the best
thing is to break up the colony.

Few Drones- Dividing Colonies

1. My bees have had no drones to speak
of this season, except on 2 or 3 days,
when I saw 4 or 5 flying from 2 of the
hives, and the bees killed them right
away. What was the cause?

2. Will bees do all right if put in a
nucleus without any queen?

3. I think I would rather have the
American Bee Journal every week than
to have it monthly.

4. How often can I divide a colony
of bees and have them do well?

Nebr.^ska.

Answers. — i. The absence of drones
may be due to the poorness of the sea-
son. Keeping drones is a sort of luxury
that bees indulge in when they are pros-
perous, and when forage is scarce they
do not feel they can afford it.

2. No. They would, to be sure, rear a
queen, and in time build up into a full
colony, but a queen started in a nucleus
would be likely to be a poor one. They
should at least have a sealed queen-cell

given, and then they are likely to be all
right.

3. I would rather have it daily, and
would be willing to give as much for a
good daily bee-paper as I give for a
daily newspaper — yes, more. But there
are not enough who would be willing
to pay a fair price for a daily bee-paper,
and so no publisher could in all proba-
bility afiford to publish it. And I sup-
pose the publishers thought the number
who want a weekly bee-paper is very
small compared with those who want it
monthly, so you and I must be satisfied
with it one-fourth as often. But the
American Bee Journal costs so little
now that we can aflford to take another
bee-paper or two besides.

4. That depends altogether upon cir-
cuinstances. In a very poor year once
is too often, unless one is careful to feed
well, and no feeding is quite so good,
either, as getting the natural stores
from the flowers. In an extra-good sea-
son you might divided a colony as soon
as the flow began, and each part might
be ready to be divided again in a month,
perhaps in less time, and that might be
kept up if the flow should keep up.

Moths in Hives

How can I get rid of moths in my bee-
hives? The bees are not working well,
for the moths bother them.

Washington.

Answer. — There is no cure for moths
better than bees. A strong colony is
not likel}' to be bothered with them,
whereas a weak one, especially if it has
a lot of combs more than it can cover,
will have lots of trouble. But there is a
big difference in the kind of bees. A
weak colony of Italians will keep off the
moth where blacks would succumb. Hy-
brids are nearly, if not quite, as good as
Italians. So if you get in some good
Italian blood, your trouble will probably
disappear.

Bees Hanging Under Brood-Frames-
" Go-Backs "Supers

1. I have several colonies that hang
in great numbers under the brood-
frames, so as to show at the entrance.
What does it mean? Should I smoke
them up into the super or let them
alone ?

2. When I have "go-backs," should
they be put on alone, or will it do to
have another super under them ordi-
narily?

3. How often should supers be looked
after, or rather examined, as to how-
far they are filled?

4. Do you prefer putting an empty su-
per under or over a half-full on-e? I
mean right during a good flow.

5. Would you contract a wide en-
trance during a cool spell in summer?

New York.

Answers. — i. t)ne thing it means is
that the colony is strong. If they are
clustering out during the middle of the
day, it may mean that there is nothing
afield for them to do. If a colony clus-
ters out while others are at work, it
may mean that they are about to swarm, '
or it may mean thev are lazv. In anv

.Si'pt(.'iiil/or, ]907.

i^Am^rican Bee Journal

case it will do no ^ddiI to smoke
tlu'in in.

J. That ck-pi-iids. 1 1" early oiiougli in
the season so that you think another
super can be tinished, a "Ko-l)ack" may
lie put on with another super, or even
with 2 or more other supers. NFore
than one "go-back" may be put on a
colony. Measure the strcnslh of your
colony and the strengtli of the flow, and
act accordin.gly. l,ate in the season be
cautious about asking too much. (It
should be explained that a "go-back"
is a super filled with unfinished sec-
tions taken from a numlier of supers
and put b.ick on a liive to be finislud.
If you wait till the corner sections of ;i
super are all fully sealed, sometimes it
will take so long that tlic middle sec-
tions will be darkened.)

3. Every 10 days is not far out of the
way, generally, only make sure that they
are never crowded so as to lack storing-
room.

4. My practise has been to put the
empty one under until near the close of
the season. Some good bee-keepers,
however, prefer to pur tliem over every
time.

.T. No. Takes too much work. But if
I had only a few colonies, and worked
them as a sort of pastime, I might
change the entrance according to the
weather.

Swarm Spotting Clothes

A swarm that issued recently spotted
the clothes on the wash-line. Is it a
common thing for swarming bees to
spot clothes? I thought it occurred
only when the bees have a cleansing
flight in the spring? Indiana.

Answer. — I don't suppose it is a com-
mon thing, and I don't know enough
about it to say why it should have been
so in your case. One can imagine, how-
ever, that if bad weather had delayed
the swarming for a day or more, and
the swarm should issue immediately
upon the weather brightening up, that
the bees might empty theinselves a lit-
tle after the manner of a spring cleans-
ing flight.

Unltine Swarms Wintering Bees
Outdoors- Kind of Bees

1. How can I miitc a swarm with
one that has swarmed 3 or 4 days ago?
( Second and third swarm from the same
hive.)

2. How would you advise me to win-
ter my bees, as my cellar isn't very
good? How w'ould it do to put them all
in a row about 6 inches apart and put
straw between them, and over the top
of them? Should the hive be left open
at the entrance or should it be closed?

,V Enclosed find bees out of 2 colo-
nies, Nos. I and 2. Are they the same
kind of bees? and what kind are they?
Cf.ntral Minnesota.

.Answers. — i. In such a case there
ought to be no trouble if you merely
hive the third swarm in the saine hive
with the second swarm. BotSi have
queens and bees from the same hive
having probably the same scent.

2. Your plan ought to work fairly

well, of course with some sort of roof
lo keep the straw dry.

.V I don't know. It isn't easy, in-
deed impossible, lo tell by seeing a sin-
gle bee what the blood of a colony is,
I'Vir example, take a colony of hybrids :
one worker may be selected that to all
appearances is pure Italian, and another
that is pure black. Then when you put
a bee in a letter and have it mashed in
Ihe mail, the case is still more dilTiciilt.
I can only say that I should guess there
is some black blood in each of the speci-
mens sent.

Laying Workers Fill Cells With Eggs

I have one colony of bees in which 1
find many cells with from 2 to 6 eggs
in each. And at the front end of some
of the coni'bs there are cells that seem
to have 30 or 40 eggs in each. I never
saw anytliing like it before. I could not
find the queen. Did laying workers
try to fill the cells with eggs? Iowa.

Answer. — Almost certainly it is the
work of laying workers. You will prob-
ably find that if any drone-cells are in
the broodnest the nuisances have been
specially favorable to them. Also, you
will be likely lo find one or more queen-
cells, and in these there may be as man\
as a dozen eggs in each. Better break
up the whole business, giving combs with
adhering bees to other colonies.

Late Transferring of Bees

Last fall I purchased 3 colonies of
bees in home-made hives of the Langs-
troth pattern. I found that the frames
were badly made so that the combs were
crooked — in fact, they zigzagged in ev-
ery shape. I left them just as they were,
fed the bees steady all winter, and they
are good and strong now, but will not
get more than enough honey to feed
themselves through the coming winter.
I would like to get tnese bees out of
the old hives. Would you advise trans-
ferring them at this time (August 3) ?
Arkansas.

Answer. — Perhaps it may be as well
to leave them as they are till next
spring or swarrning time. Still, it may
be all right to transfer this fall, if you
are sure of a good fall flow after trans-
ferring.

Requeening Colonies-Spring Protec
tion of Hives

1. If I wish to requeen my apiary
without the trouble of hunting the old
queens, may I not buy fertile queens
of this year's rearing, and place them
(in the cages that they are shipped in),
in the hives, and let them eat their way
out with the help of the worker-bees?
And then- will not the }-oung fertile
queens kill the old ones? Or is the old
one likely to kill the young one?

2. I wish to give my hives spring
protection. I have read of roofing-pa-
per or felt being used, but would not
this plan do? That is, just get some
dry-goods boxes (which can be done
very cheaply), and both sides and bot-
toms being made of matched lumber,

take the tops off, and invert the dry-
goods box over the hive, a sutificicnt
hole for entrance being cut into the
dry-goods box to open over the hive-
entrance? I figured on no packing of
any kind between the box and liive.

3, Would not ordinary oats-straw cov-
ered over the hives, leaving an entrance,
be good spring protection? Or would
a wet spring keep the hives too damp?
Wisconsin.

-Answers. — i. If you put a laying
queen, no matter how young, into a
colony, leaving the old queen present,
\ou may count on the new queen being
killed as soon as she gets out of her
cage — no, not killed immediately, but
balled, and maltreated till she is dead.
The same holds true with regard to a
virgin introduced; only if it be late in
the season, and the bees have a queen
that they desire to supersede, the vir-
gin would be allowed to supersede her.
Possibly this might hold good at any
time when the bees desire to supersede
a queen, and possibly it be as true of a
laying queen as of a virgin ; I don't
know.

2. Your plan may work, but the trou-
ble is that when the sun shines out for
a short time, or even for a long time,
the bees don't get the benefit of it, the
dry-goods box keeping them cool ;
whereas with the black felt they would
be made warmer than with the naked
hive.

3. It will be all right if some covering
to shed the rain is over the straw, or if
the straw- is so placed as to shed the
rain.

Afterswarms Cotton Honey for
Winter Stores, Etc.

1. After a swarm has issued and has
been hived, what shall I do to keep the
parent colony from swarming again, or
casting after-swarms? Shall I cut out
the queen-cells? If so, how long after
the swarm has issued shall I do it? Af-
ter the swarm has been hived, shall I set
the swarm, or new colony, on the old
stand, and move the parent colony a few
feet away?

2. I have only starters in my hives.
Would it be advisable to give the new
colony a couple of frames of brood from
the old hive, or let them draw out the
starters and fill up the combs them-
selves ?

3. The queen in the colony is not
clipped. Would it do to clip her this
late in the year?

4. Cotton is one of the chie^ crops
raised here. I understand it is a gr^at
honey-producing plant. Would it do for
the bees to winter on? Y'ou know it has
the peculiarity of expanding and burst-
ing the cells if kept for a while in the
combs.

5. What are the names of the diflfer-
eiit bee-papers that have been started
and discontinued in the Llnited States?

Oklahoma.

Answers. — I. If 30U cut out all queen-
cells but one a week after the swarm
issues, there ought to be no more
swarming. But sometimes a queen-cell
is so hidden that you will be pretty
sure to miss it. Again, the only cell
you leave may have only a dead grub

September, 1907.

American Vee Journal

in it, leaving your colony hopelessly
queenless. If you set the swarm on the
old stand and move the mother colony
some distance away, the swarm will get
all the field-force, weakening by just
so much the mother colony, making it
less likely to swarm. But a lot of young
bees are hatching out all the time, build-
ing up the colony to such e.xtent that
when the first virgin is ready to go
with a swarm, which will be in about 8
days, there may be a strong en.uigh
force to go with her.

I'll give you a better plan than either :
When the swarm issues, put it on the
old stand, and put the old hive close be-
side it. A week later move the old
hive to a new stand. That, you will
see, will not only drain the mother col-
ony of all the field-beei it had at the
time of swarming, but also of all that
have become fielders since then, leav-
ing it so weak and discouraged that it
will not be likely to have any thought
of swarming.

2. Some think it best to give a frame
of brood to the swarm — not 2 — while
others give none. I don't know which
plan is best — perhaps giving the one
brood.

3. After a queen is laying she may be
clipped at any time when most conven-
ient.

4. I have had no experience with cot-
ton honey, but from the fact that I do
not recall seeing any objection to it for
winter stores I suppose it is all right.

5. That makes me throw up my hands.
The number is legion, and I'm not sure
that a whole day's searching would
make sure of getting them all. Besides,
what good? Why not let 'em rest quiet-
ly in their graves?

ference, one would suppose it would
have a quieting effect. I don't suppose,
however, that the poppy made any dif-
ference. Still it is not impossible that
it might.

Varying Effects of Bee-Stings

^ly little girl, 11 months old, has been
stung 3 times lately. The first time just
below the ear, the second time on the
hand, and neither sting swelled much or
seemed to cause her much pain. The
last time she was stung on the hand,
and it swelled very tight, almost to her
elbow, and caused her much pain for
several hours. The bee that stung her
was given her in a poppy by her sister.

1. Why did the last sting swell so
much more than the others?

2. Would the fact that the bee had
been feeding on the poppy have any-
thing to do with it? The bees work on
poppies here in the early morning, and
as my children say, they " go crazy "
for a short time. They don't seem to
bother them in the afternoon.

COLOR.^DO.

.Answers. — I don't know. Very like-
ly the place had something to do with
it. There is a great difference in the
painfulness of stings, and also in the
amount of swelling, and it is not easy
to say just why in all cases. A sting
on one part of the hand may swell
more than on some other part. One
sting may be deeper than another. One
may be left in longer than the other,
giving more time for more poison, hence
more swelling.

2. If the poppy should make any dif-

Introducing Queens— Carniolans

1. I was thinking of buying as many
queens as I have colonies next spring,
and introducing them as Mr. Abbott
says, putting the new queen on top of
the frames for a day or two, then divid-
ing the colony, putting the new queen
in one hive and the old queen in the
other. I thought in this way to get two
strong colonies from each one. Do you
think the plan would be a success?

2. Is an untested queen guaranteed
to be mated, and to lay worker-eggs?

3. Do queen-breeders furnish a queen-
cage with each queen?

4. Do you think Carniolans are more
hardy than Italians for wintering?
Would it be wise to cross them?

Nevada.

Answers. — i. The plan will work. It
may be well to leave the old queen on
the old stand, putting the caged queen
with the larger part of the brood on a
new stand. If this is done about the
usual time of swarming, or a little in
advance, and all the brood is given to
the new queen, you will have a shaken
swarm, with little danger of the old
queen swarming again.

2 and 3. Yes.

4. I'm not sure, but I don't believe
they are hardier. If you have an apiary
of pure Italians, better try any sort of
crossing only on a small scale until you
are sure you will like the cross bet-
ter.

Why Use Improved Hives?

I am not a young man in years, but
am young in the knowledge of bees.
I keep bees only for the honey I can
get. What use is there for me to use
patent hives when I know nothing about
them? Why is not my old-fashioned
gum with a good big, plain box-cap just
as good for getting the same amount
of honey in a season as the patent
hives? Missouri.

Answer. — Let me say, first, that most
of the hives in use now by practical
bee-keepers have no patent on them,
the patent on the Langstroth movable
frame having expired some years ago.
So your question probably is. What ad-
vantage is there for you in movable-
frame hives over common box-hives?
Perhaps there is no advantage. It de-
pends upon circumstances. The mov-
able-frame hive is no better for the bees
than a box-hive; in general not so good.
It has really only one advantage over a
bo.x-hive, but sometimes a single ad-
vantage counts for much. A man with
his head on has the single advantage
over one with his head cut ofT that he
still has his head on; but that is a con-
siderable advantage. The one advantage
that the movable-frame hive has over
the box-hive is that the frames can be
taken out and put back again. But that
advantage is of no value to those bee-

keepers who never lift out the frames
from one year's end to the other. If I
had no notion of ever lifting out a
frame, I would prefer box-hives.

Possibly you may want to know what
advantage there is in being able to lift
out frames. For one thing, you can tell
by lifting out the frames whether a col-
ony is queenless or not, and if it is
queenless you can remedy it. With a
box-hive it is practically impossible
either to detect or to cure queenlessness.
That one difference between the two
kinds of hives is enough to decide in
favor of the movable-frame kind, — pro-
vided one intends to take advantage of
the movable feature. It would be a
pretty long story to tell all the things
that can be done with a movable-
frame hive that can not be done with
a box-hive, among which are examin-
ing for disease and treating for the same,
introducing queens, strengthening weak
colonies by giving frames of hatching
brood, etc.

Starting New Colonies of Bees

When is the proper time to start new
colonies of bees in this climate — 40 miles
south of St. Louis? What is the best
method for a beginner to take in do-
ing so? MlSSdUKI.

Answer. — The very best time is at the
time when bees are inclined to swarm
naturally. Bees begin to swarm when
honey begins to yield well, and more or
less colonies may swarm so long as
honey yields, although most colonies do
their swarming during the early part of
the honey-flow. You may even make
increase successfully in the month of
September if you make the new colo-
nies strong enough. The earlier you
start a colony the less need of its be-
ing strong, as it has a longer time to
build up before winter.

It is not easy to say what may be the
best way for you. What may be best
for one may not be best for another.
Perhaps the easiest way is to take half
the combs, bees and all, out of a hive
and put into another hive, filling out
each hive with combs or frames filled
with foundation, setting the hives side
by side, as nearly as possible on the old
location, trusting to the queenless part
to rear its own queen.

A better way is to look four d;iys
later and see whicli hive contains eggs,
and give a laying queen to the other
part. That, of course, involves buying
and introducing a queen.

If you want the bees to rear their
own queen, here is a better plan : Find
the queen, and put her with 2 frames
and all adhering bees into another hive
on a new stand. A week later a num-
ber of queen-cells will be in the now
queenless colony, when you let the hives
exchange places, and the bees will do
the rest. If you want to have more
than one new colony, you can divide the
queenless part, putting the larger half
on an entirely new stand.

As you have ju-t obtained the book,
"Forty Years among the Bees," you will
do well to turn to page 252, where you
will find several pages about artif'::a!
increase.

September, 1907.

f.».3

American ^ee Journal

)>=^g^^ J

Breeding Bees by Selection

for Improving their

Honey-Producing

Character

uv r. w. h ^^I.AD^;N, v. k. «.

It is ii fact well known lu lireedera of
•■ininials tliat to obtain uuil- maintain
]ierniiini'nt iiii|irovoniont in auv character
it is necessary to breed stnciiy by selec-
tion from both parents in successive gen-
erations. Such breeding by selection has
iu many cases resulted in groat improve-
ments and in the production of many
new varieties. Domestic poultry are a
familiar example. In the case of bees
selection of the male parents has hith-
erto been practically impossible, at least
in this country, in all parts of which
ordinary bees are to be found, because
pairing takes place upon the wing some
distance from the hives, and we cannot
prevent some of our queens from pairing
with drones from neighboring apiaries.

In my early efforts to improve the
honey-producing character of my bees I
found no great difficulty in selecting the
best honey-producing colonies, and breed-
ing from them in successive generations
on the female side; but on the male side
I had to content myself with rearing
each season a large number of drones of
best honey-producing parentage and
grandparentage, and eliminating as
nearly as possible all drones of other
parentage. By this means a considerable
number of unions between queens and
drones of best honey-producing parentage
were effected, but I found very great
difficulty in identifying the offspring of
these unions, so that in breeding the next
generation it was impossible in every
case to tell whether outside blood had
been included or not, and thus much of
the improvement that had been effected
was liable to be lost.

In 1905, however, the great difficulty in
identifying the oft'spring of the unions
between queens and drones of my best
honey-producing parentage was practi-
cally overcome by the employment of a

method of selection by color

The object of the present paper is to ex-
plain more fully this method of selection
by color for the improvement of the
honey-producing character.

The common bee of this country, as
everybody knows, has the ground color of
the body entirely black. In 1901 and
1902 I crossed my bees with selected in-
dividuals of one of the best honey-pro-
ducing strains of the American Golden
Italian bee, in which a considerable por-
tion of the abdomen is of a bright golden-
yellow color. The result in the second
and third generations of the cross-breds
was that the queens were exceedingly pro-
lific (in spring), and the bees very vig-
orous, but in almost every other charac-
ter these cross-breds were extremely var-
iable. Taking the two characters of
color and honey-production, I got —

1. Dark-colored bees that were poor
honey-producers ;

2. Dark-colored bees that were good
honey-producers ;

3. Bright-colored bees that were poor
honey-producers; and

4. Bright-colored bees that were good
honey-producers.

as well as bees that were iutermeiliato
between these varieties. The Iji'sI, (colo-
nies of good honey-producers produced
larger amounts of honey than colonies of
onlinary Knglish bees, a fact which 1
attributed jjartly to the greater prolific-
iiess of tlie (lueens, jtartly to increased
vigor, :.nil partly to slight augmentation
iif till' good honey-producing character
due to cross-breeding. Some of the best
honey-producing colonies were of the
brightest color. It was therefore clear
that there was little or no correlation be-
tween the color character and the honey-
producing character — in other words, that
the two characters were inherited inde-
pendently.

My next step was to eliminate all the
bright-colored bees except those that were
best honey-jiroduccrs, and to rear ()ueens
and drones from the latter only, and
these in the largest possible numbers.
Thus the only drones of bright-colored
parentage that paired with the queens
reared were of best honey-producing par-
entage. These drones considerably bright-
ened the color of their young, and thus
it became possible to distinguish, by the
brighter color of their young, the queens
that had been fertilized by drones of my
best honey-proUucing parentage from
those that had been fertilized by drones
of variable honey-producing parentage
and by drones from neighboring apiaries,
all of which produced darker young. This
distinction could be made as soon as the
first few hundred workers had hatched —
namely, iu less than a month after the
queen was fertilized.

This method of selection by color for
the improvement of the honey-producing
character was also employed and ren-
dered more precise during the season of
1906.

The laws governing the inheritance of
characters in cross-bred plants and ani-
mals have always been a puzzle to breed-
ers. Lately, however, they have been
carefully studied and much elucidated by
Bateson and others by means of elab-
orate breeding experiments. An excel-
lent account of some of these experi-
ments, with the conclusions they point
to, is given in a report to the Royal
Society by Prof. Bateson and Miss E.
R. Saunders, published in 1902. This im-
portant work confirms a remarkable law
which was first discovered and enunci-
ated by Mendel as long ago as 1865,- as
the result of experiments he made in
cross-breeding varieties of the garden
pea. Mendel 's discovery is too lengthy
to be given here, but the essential part
of it is " the evidence that the germ
cells of gametes produced by cross-bred
organisms may in respect of given char-
acters be of the pure parental types, and
consequently incapable of transmitting
the opposite character; that when such
pure similar gametes of opposite sexes
are united together in fertilization, the
individuals so formed and their posterity
are free from all taint of the cross. ' '
(From Bateson and Saunders' Report,
page 12.)

For instance, in the second and later
generations of cross-breds between hoary-
leaved and glabrous-leaved varieties of
the garden stock, Miss Saunders obtained
certain numbers of hoary-leaved individ-
uals which, when bred together, were
found to be incapable of producing glab-
rous-leaved individuals, and nearlv all

the glabrous-leaved individuals that were
obtained, when bred together, were found
to be incapable of producing hoary-
leaved individuals. Atropa (the I)ea<lly
Nightshade) wag also found by -Miss
Saunders to obey Mendel's Jjiw in the
inheritance of yellow-colored and bbiek-
colored fruits. Prof. Bate.son found that
poultry obeyed Mendel's Law in the in-
heritance of "single" combs and
"rose" combs, and in that of "single"
combs and "pea" combs. More recently
Hurst has found that poultry obey Men-
del's Law in the inheritance of many
other pairs of opposite characters. In
their Report Bateson and Saunders give
a long list of pairs of characters in ani-
mals and plants that had, up to 1902,
been observed to obey Mendel 's Law ;
one of the most remarkable of these is
the waltzing habit and the absence of
the waltzing habit in mice.

Bateson and Saunders ' work, which
only became known to me in the winter
of 1905-6, is likely to be a great help
in the work of endeavoring, in my cross-
bred bees, to obtain individuals with the
bright-color character and best honey-
producing character that are incapable of
transmitting auy mixture of the opposite
dark-color and poor honey-producing
characters to their young. In the case
of the bright-color character it is likely
that this object has already Deen attained
in some examples. The best honey-pro-
ducing character is a complex one, and
there are indications that it is largely
the result of the combination of several
characters, and that some of these are
more or less correlated to one another,
and that others, like vigor, are the direct
result of cross-breeding. The best honey-
producing character is partly dependent
on longevity (of workers), proUticness in
late spring (which acts favorably), pro
lifieness at other seasons of the year
(which may act unfavorably), and on
other characters. It is impossible to
forecast how much improvement in the
honey-producing character will be ob
tained when, by cross-breeding and selec-
tion, its component parts have to some
extent been separated and re-united in
new combinations.

The honey-producing character of a
certain race or variety of bee may cer-
tainly vary very much in different cli-
mates. In the climate of some parts of
the United States the honey-producing
character of the Italian bee is exceed-
ingly good, but in the climate of Great
Britain, which during the honey-flow is
much colder, more cloudy, and more
windy than that of the United States,
the Italian bee is not a good honey-pro-
ducer, and the English bee is a better
one. This shows that breeding for the
improvement of the honey-producing
character in Britain must be carried on
in the British or in a similar climate;
aho that the English bee is a better bee
to work upon than the Italian. Crossing
the English bee with sufficient Italian
blood to enable one to brighten the color
for practicing selection by color improves
it for the purpose of breeding for the
improvement of the honey-producing
character, because it gives it increased
prolifieness in spring, vigor and vari-
ability.

In the second and third generations of
my cross-breds it was a common thing
to find a queen that would produce some

September, 19U7.

i^Am^rican Hee Journal

individuals (workers and queens) that
were quite dark, and others that were as
t'xtensively bright-colored as, or even
more so than, individuals of the original
American Golden Italian strain. Of
course these bright individuals had no
more of the American Golden Italian
blood in them than the dark individuals.
It is therefore plain that it is impossi-
ble to judge th? amount of foreign blood
in cross-breds by the extent of the bright
color they show, especially in the ease
of individuals that are the result of se-
lection by color.

Although the bees now bred by color-
selection in Kipple Court Apiary dififer
entirely in nature from any foreign bees,
jet in appearance they closely resemble
American Golden Italian bees: the
queens are superficially indistinguishable
from imported American Golden Italian
queens, and in many colonies the workers
can only be told from American Golden
Italian workers by their much more act-
ive running over the combs when the
hive is opened, and by their generally
more distended bodies and sometimes
larger size.

To distinguish the brightly-colored
bees bred in Kipple Court Apiary for the
improvement of the honey-producing
character, the name of "British Golden'*
has been given to them. This name was
first applied to the 1906 selections.

As regards the results of the breeding
by color-selection in Ripple Court Api-
ary, it is too early to say much. The
honey-producing results of the 1906 se-
lections will not be known until the sum-
mer of 1907. so the results of only one
season's work, that of 1905, have so far
been obtained. These were very satis-
factory, and it has become evident that
selection by color has already changed
the bees from variable cross-breds into a
distinct variety with many characters
that are fast becoming fairly constant;
at the same time a great improvement in
the temper has been noticed.

There is a difficulty in the transmis
sion of worker characters through drones
besides that of selecting the drones. 1
refer to the difficulty — by no means great
or insurmountable — that results from the
theory that the drone is produced par
thenogenetically. The workers of a col
ony inherit their characters through the
drone that fertilized the queen of the
colony, as well as through the queen her
self, but the drones that are produced
in the same colony by the same queen
inherit their characters through the
queen only. The said workers therefore,
having a mixture of fresh blood, give a
very unreliable indication of the worker
characters the drones will transmit to
their offspring, and in order to find out
what worker characters the drones are
likely to transmit we must go back to
the colony that produced their mother.
In the case of -x fixed race or variety, the
workers of the colony that produced the
drones ' mother show fairly accurately the
characters that the drones are likely to
transmit, but in the case of variable
cross-breds, they are not likely to do so
on account of variation. In the latter
case, if a large number of sister queens
are employed to produce drones, the
drones may be expected, on the average,
to transmit the characters exhibited by
the colony that produced the drones'
mothers, but drones produced by indi-

vidual queens might sometimes transmit
ditferent or opposite characters: the
workers produced by these individual
queens would give some indication as to
whether they v ould be likely to do so
or not. Therefore in breeding drones it
may be well to state, on the assumption
that the drone is always produced parthe-
nogeniticaily, that the characters shown
by the grand-parental colony are always
of great importance, and that those
shown by the parental colony are of some
importance in cross-breds, but of very
little importan.?e in pure-breds.

—British H^e .I'.nrnal.

Poor Honey Crop.

The honey crop is poor liere. Bees will
prohably get enough, however, for themselves
through the winter, — but no more.

Jules Belknap.

Sulphur Springs, Ark., August 3.

Working for Comb Honey.

I have 16 colonies of bees, and am working
them for comb honey this season.

I like the American Bee Journal very much.
I would not be without it. I find many
useful hnts and suggestions in it.

M. D. Dickinson.

Springfield, Mass., August 6.

Nothing from White Clover.

So far white clover lias yielded just about
nothing. What has been gathered has been
used in brood-rearing. Basswood is just open-
ing now, so there is a chance of gettting some
surplus yet.

The monthly American Bee Journal is a
dandy. If it doesn't succeed it will certainly
not be the Editor's fault.

Chas. O. Bergstrand.

Amery, Wis., August i.

Good Honey-Flow.

We have had a good honey-flow for about
10 days. A day or so ago it seemed to stop
suddenly, but it has started again, and we
have quite a little honey from the second crop
of alfalfa. We have an average of about one
super i>er colony on 175 colonies. This has
been a cold, backward season, and I am
afraid the honey-crop will be quite a little
below the average. We have had 3 swarms
from 175 colonies, and they were small ones.

Rifle, Colo., August 3. Johx Stotts.

Disappointing Bee-Season.

The bee-season here has been very disap-
pointing up to the present time. We got
nothing from the first cutting of alfalfa,
but there is a fine scope of bee-pasture here,
and the bees are doing splendidly. If it con-
tinues good weather for a reasonable time,
strong colonies will produce a large surplus
of honey. *

The American Bee Journal is a good help
for the bee-keeper. J. E. Patton.

Deeth. Nev., August 7.

Worst Spring — Non-swarming Bees.

After the worst spring in the memory of the
"oldest inhabitant" the white clover and bass-
wood harvest has come . and gone, giving us
about 5,000 pounds of honey — about one-half,
or a little more, being extracted — from about
155 colonies. The prospects are fair for win-
ter stores, though there may be a little fall sur-
plus honey.

It seems Mr. Hasty does not believe ex-
actly in non-swarming bees, does he? I won-
der if he ever had a colony that did not
swarm when rightly attended to. And if he
bred his stock from it, did the bees swarm
as much as those that were bred in the time-

honored way of taking a swarming cell from
a swarming colony?

When a man is always expressing doubts,
it seems to me he ought to give a reason
for the doubts that are in him, once in a
while. I have never been called an optimist
even by my best friend, but I have seen
enough of bees to believe thoroughly that a
practically non-swarming strain of bees can be
bred, and will be developed within the near
future. They will save a lot of labor for the
apiarist. E- S. Miles.

Dunlap, Iowa, August 2.

Fair Honey Crop Promised.

The honey crop promises to be fair at pres-
ent. Thunder showers and hot weather pre-
vail. John Semmens.

Prowers, Colo., August 5.

Bee-Keeping Slow.

With us bee-keeping is slow. It looks now
as though the bees might go into winter with
plenty of stores. I am having my surplus
honey stored in brood- frames, in shape for
feed next spring. N. P. Whitmoke.

Gardner, 111., August 12.

Not Much Honey.

I have 13 colonies of bees, and have had 8
swarms. I put 3 back into the hives they
came out of, and they are staying all right
as yet. They are working on sweet clover.

There has not been much honey taken here
so far. I have about 100 pounds in sections.
It is fine. I have sold all I had and could
sell more, to neighbors and friends.

P. S. FoULK.

Arrowsmith, 111., August 10.

Bees Have Done Well.

The bees have done very well so far. Some
colonies having stored over 100 pounds, and
are still rolling the honey in. White clover is
yet in bloom, and the prospects are for a
very good fall flow, if the weather permits.
B. F. Schmidt.

N". Buena Vista, Iowa, August 3.

Honey from Alsike Clover.

I have had 12 swarms from my 44 colonies,
spring count, and the majority of them have
been, and are, doing some work in the su-
pers. They stored some section-honey from
alsike clover, which is quite plentiful here,
and they are now working on every little
patch of white and sweet clover they can
find; but the total product will he small at
best. A. F. FoOTE.

[Mitchell Co., Iowa. August 12.

Bad Year to Work with Bees.

My bees are getting honuy now from the
goldenrod. The comb honey is nice that I
have taken so far. I expect my bees will
average about 100 pounds per colony this
year, but I do not know exactly yet.

This has been the worst year I ever saw
to do anything in the bee-yard. Either the
wind blows, or something else interferes. It
has also been the worst year to mate queens.
I have reared all young queens this year, and
am in a bad place to mate them. There are
Carniolans on three sides of me, and I think
they have a little yellow mixed in with their
gray. Mine are all pure Italians now, and
I am hoping to Italianize all of the bees
around here next spring.

Perlev S. Smith.

Strong, Maine, August 15.

Yields of Honey.

Some correspondents seem to take exception
to some of the honey-yields I quoted in my ar-
ticle to The Farmer, as mentioned on page
534. This is only what might be expected,
as every bee-keeper measures the yield of
every other bee - keejier by his own yields.
But the honey crop more than any other crop
is apt to vary according to the management of
the bee-keeper.

The yield of honey from a field of buck-
wheat, which I mentioned, is an actual ex-
perience. The honey came in so rapidly from
the field that the bees having access to it —
a trifle over 30 colonies — would completely
fill the hive with thin, newly-gathered honey
in a single day.

In that article I was giving the possible

Scplciiilici-, 1907.

American IBgc Journaljf^y^

yield, ami, thiTcfiirc, the larKL'st yield I had
(jhtaincd from any given source, and not the
averant: yield. As a rule, buckwheat does not
yield a preat amount of honey here, as our
weather during its bloom is not usually favor-
able to a yield of honey from it. During
the past 25 years, 1 have had yields only dur-
ing 4 or 5 years, and this promises to be one
of the good years.

Our principal sources of honey arc dande-
lion, white clover and basswood. Our white
clover yields are often excellent, but our bass-
wood yields are often better; in fact, it has
in a number of cases quite equaled the buck-
wheat flow I have referred to.

As to localities making a difference, I have
had yards not 12 miles apart, that were almost
opposites in conditions of the yield, with also
a great variation in the time, while condi-
tions in (»ther yards hundreds of miles apart
may be almost identical. M. V. Facey.

I'reston, M inn. , August 12.

Best Crop in Three Years.

I see complaints from most places, of the
light honey crop, while we on the Western
Slope have the best crop in the 3 years
I have handled bees. The spring was very
late, and I fed heavily until June 10, when
my 25 colonics were very strong. The alfalfa
commenced to bloom then, and I have taken
off 23 supers of honey, and have 40 supers
on, with at least 20 of them nearly full. I
think I will have all full, if the honey-flow
lasts until September 10. But I have no
swarm when there is a poor honey-flow.

There are so many bees in the valley here,
that we get but little honey. There are 5,000
colonies in this part of the valley in Mon-
trose County. It is about 20 miles long and
from one to 5 miles wide. I kept bees in
Missouri, but they never produced honey
there as they do here. E. C. Wright.

Montrose, Colo., August 13.

No Basswood Honey.

The basswood bloom is over now, and has
been for a week or so. The result is no
honey gathered from basswood this year, and
I can say the same about clover. I have
colonies with three stories full of bees, and
when the basswood bloom was over, they had
but 5 pounds of honey, so feeding is now
the order of the day.

Yesterday, one of my colonies was over-
run with robber-bees. The guilty colony was
located immediately. While watching them in
disgust, I recalled the plan of swapping places
with the two hives, or, in other words, putting
the guilty one where the robbing was being
done. That settled it for a few hours, and
then everything was worse than ever — rob-
bing all over. I thought of trying the kero-
sene plan given on page 600, by W. H. H.
Stewart, and it certainly settled the busi-
ness. Chas. O. Bergstrand.

Amery, W^is., August 12.

Good Honey-Flow Expected.

I notice by the American Bee Journal that
the prospects for honey have been very bad
in a great many places. Our bees rolled in
honey during the last week of April and dur-
ing May, but since the first of June we have
not had any surplus honey. It has been so
cold and cloudy that it is about all the bees
could do to keep up brood-rearing in good
shape.

We expect good weather during August, and
a good honey-flow from the white clover.

We enjoy reading the American Bee Jour-
nal very much, and do not want to be with-
out it. Wm. Wright & Son.

Westport, Ore., July 27.

Apiariein Photographs

We can use such right along. Of
course we want good, clear prints. If
you have an apiary that you think would
look well on paper, have it photographed
and send to us the result. While we
may not be able to use all that come,
we doubtless will be able to use most of
them. Please send the picture, and on
its receipt we will report whether we
can use it. If we can, we will then re-
quest you to send some descriptive mat-

ter to Ko with it when published. We
prsfer larger si;^c photographs, say Sxro
inches, if possible. However, send what-
ever size is most convenient.

Excursion via Nickel Plate Road

to Boston and return $21, September 10,
14, 24, 28. Limit 30 days from date of
sale. Meals in Dining Cars 35c to $1.00.
Stopovers. Ticket office, 107 Adams
St., Chicago. 'Phones, Central 2057
and fU72. La Salle St. Station, on Ele-
vated K. R. Loop.

FOR SALE

Apiary uf
"V'S colon-
ies in Cen-
tral Wisconsin: with lUU empty hives, Miller
supers, extractor, etc. Address

KRNEST KOUKMAN.Neillsville, Wis.
Mention Boe Journal Yvlien -nriting:.

LEATHER-COLOR QUEENS

Every mu' a ki'.mI Ijiyt-r. I Inr two. L' for *I. fiOLD-
ENS, $1 eat'h. Safe arrival gruaranteed.

B, F. Schmidt, R(. I, N. Buena Vista, Iowa

Mention Bee Journal vrhen trritlng.

FOR SALE-Queens

Testeii Italians. $1 earh. <>r :i fur $l'..'.h. Untested-
5.JC each, or fi for $'i. Leather Color or Clover
Stock. Make Money Order on Canton, Mo.

W, SIMPSON, Meyer, III.
Mention Bee Journul irlien ^rriting:.

1^1^ 1> C A I E^ Bees, 250 colonies, lo-lranu-
r UK ^ALjIIj hives, with fixtures for
M. w« kjru-JiJ ^.^^^ ^^^ extracted lion
ey, 4 yards, no disease; 22 acres of land, li' unde-
fence, balance timber. First-class building-s an''
fences. Joins on R. R. station. Part cash, balanC
time. J, H. ZKINKR, Bard, Ark.

Mention Bee Joiirnnl irhen Tvriting:.

Western Bee- Keepers s^ow'^ou

how to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THK COLORADO HOSEY-fRODUCERS' A.SS'I, Denvfr. Colo.
9Atf Please meailoD the Bee Jouraal.

Mention Bee Journal -\vlien writing-.

Save the Chicks

Bowel Complaiat, Cholera,
and other supposedly fatal dis-
eases will cause you no worry if
you give your fowls Germozone
occasionally in the drinking water.
The best poultry medicine.
Price 50c, postpaid, and
an Egg Record free.

Geo. H. Lee Co.,

Omaha, Neb.

Hm

A Trophel of "Pro/it

There is plenty of money in Chickens if your
effort IS intelligently directed.

Learn the rtirht way to do thines by s"b-
scribine for

Profitable Poultry

MILTO^, WIS.

I Tor a limit.. I time only 25 ront.^ pL-r year.
Mention Hee Journiil when ivrMInf?.

Fashion Book Free!

1 want to send you my Jiandsfmic
new l)Ook showing ovi-r 400 o( tin.-
larcsl styles with illustralc-il les-
sons on cutting and dressni-ikinj:
I »ill agrvc to sell you all the pat-
terns you want for 5 cents each
Tlity arc the same palttrns you
h.ivtr always paid 10c and lie li'i .it
Ihv stnrci. niadf by the
sami.- pt-oplt, and cor-
net Ml every detail.

BOW I DO IT.

I piihli'^l] The Home
iDBtructor, an illustra- ,,
led woman's magazine JV-rfV
and I want your name ^^ fl?"
on mv subscription list. The \^
Home Instructor is briglil. x
cnterlainintj'. clean and in-
slrnctive — jusl the sort of a
paper you should have in
your home. It has deparl-
ratnts for every feature of
borne lile. and prints the
hoicest fiction every month.
Kvery issue has several
paees devoted to the latest
fasliions, fully illustTaled t,' '

IVIy Special Offer.

.St-iul ine L'Sctnts .-iiid I uill st-nM \."i The Home
Dstructor (or two year* and will scnii iii> bi;: f.ishiuii
bonk to you free- I will also agree lo sell voii any
pattern you want thereafter for 5 cts. I can sell tlieni
(or .s cents because I buy them by the tliousanti and
don't make any profit. 1 don't want ttie profit. 1 want
our subscription to The Home Instructor. Vou will
ave many times the cost of mv oHer in a ve ir. Write
today A. OTIS ARNOLD, l)i.pt Quiocy. Ill

>lentit>n Uee Juurnnl «-|»en \Tritini;::.

^^^^If ^^ If jounwit your cliickens to be pnifilsbl. fe^ tbrm
^^-_.^- _^^ plenty of cut ^eeubone — ifa \ ebe.p fef "

■JHKJICPM m.k.iloMofeKS-fioo.fitblrdt.

M n M IT V Oi'ttertniU^iHUtih t'-t

"■ ^# ra & W fccBlrogultB. Thi9?S..-"Cn(-

^^^^^^^^^■^^^^ ter jujtwbat yijuw.ntfortcf

farm. Write t.Joj for/ree frintpI&n&Dd prices cf other

Bii.vl — .11 mede ami k'U.r.Ttteed bj . regpobBiole CiboerD-V^il,!^

Stantiarti Bone Cutter Ot)., Milforti, Mass. ^|7~^

Honey as a Health-Food,— Ibis is a 16-

pa'ie honey-pamphlet intended to help in-
crease the demand for honey. The first
part ot it contains ashort article on '" Honey
as Food," written by Dr. C C. Miller It
tells where to keep honev. how to liquefy it.
t'tc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cookinj; Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey, the more honey they a\ ill buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a2-cent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents: 100 for $1.25:
250 for $2.25 : 500 for $4.00 : or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed /''fe-at the bot-
tom of front pas>e on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to theoffice
of the American Bee Journal.

FOR SALE- My Patent

Stanley Incubator and Brooder— Cell*Starting
Hive and Twin-Mating Box

Also 80 Colonies of Bees

3 ImiHirltMl Carniolan Queens
'1 Caucasian Breeding '•

4 Importf"! Jtulian "

at $1.50 eaoli
" 1.5U
" l.Mi "

3 Golilen Italian Queeus at $1.50 each

1'5 Tested Queens of these Strains '* 1.25 "
L',j Warranted " '* " " .75

Write to the undersigned for prices of anything not listed. Address all orders to
ARTHFR STANLEY, Dixon, Lee Co.. 111.

666

September, 1907.

American ISae Journal

haluicki

1907-

Don't

Close

a Deal

for any

Digger

Until You

Try the
0. K.

PATENT
APPLIED FOR

\

It you're
going to buy
a digger you
want the best
digger built. We're going to help
you get it and prove to you that it
is the best before you buy it.

We propose to ship you one o£
our 1907 O. K. Potato Di^^ers and
give you an opportunity to test it
thoroughly on your own farm.

See for yourself just what it
will do for you.

If it backs up our claims it is
certainly ahead of any other dig-
ger ever devised.

Will You Try It? Write today
for full information and our free
trial plan — don't close a deal
for anybody's digger until you
give the O. K. atrial.

Try It

at Our

Expense

Write
Today
For Our

FREE TRIAL
OFFER

Y. HALLOCK

&. SONS,

828, YorK, Pa.

THE PRAIRIE STATE BROODER

A Spring, Summer or Winter JUZ^^lTTe Mq

RnnAHon Uaiica Prairie State Bron.ler No. 5 you ought tu IvUl

■*■ tftf litSI nuUSt? gel busy beeause it is one of the most sat- —'—
isfaft'»rvl>ri..Mlers ever made. It is portable making U desirable for use in any
kin.l .if a poultry house or as a colony house on the open range without any change-
Being enclosed see cut it can be used as
an i [I'll vidua! lamp brooder in colder
localities than the plain Tniversal Hover
can be alone. Top is covered with a re-
movable Cloth Screen instantly changing
it from a winter to a summer brooder-
Hover lifts out making it easy to clean-
Consumes but little oil: supplies abun-
dant ventilation even in hottest weather;
top affords sun shade. We can't tell ail
its good features here—

Get Our Brooder
Catalog

showing it in several forms and describ-
ing its many useful adaptations. With
the No. ."» chicks can be raised during
June and Julv unusuallv successful. We
will also trla<lly mail our 1907 Incubator
catalop which tells why the Prairie State
hitches extra large, strong chicks with
greater ease and i«Traint>'.

Prairie State Incubator Co.,

522 '*l*lll STREET HOMER CITT, PJ. So. 5 Brooder -n-ith side removed

5

EASY TO
EARN

A WATCH

Any bright boy or
girl can sell eighti
2oc. boxes of our
Fragrant Bouyuet
Toilet Soap in a
little bit. That's all
you have to do to
get this fine nickel
case, stem-wind watch.
Guaranteed a gitod time-keeper. Special
small size for girls. No money needed.
Just send ftir the soap and we will ship it
iTHjiaid anv place in the U. S. east of the
KMikiHs an<i North of Oklahoma for this
introductory offer. When you have sold
tliH ei^'ht boxes of soap, send us the $2
an<l 5'ou will receive the watch at once.
Both soap and watch guaranteed satis-
factory or mimev back. Soap mav be re-
turned if not sold. No risk for you.

CROFTS & REED,
Austiu Ave. l>ept, 764 • Chicago, HI.

Because You

Need
The Money

It*a your business and if yoo don't
attend to it, who will? You cannot i
: aflford to keep cowsforfnn. That isn't J
business, and, furthermore, It Isn't f
necessary. There is money in cow '
keeping if you g.» at it right, and be-
Bides there is more fun in going at It
right than there is in staying wrong.

Ton need a Tubular Oream Sep**
nttor because it will make money Tor j
I you; becaase it saves labor; becanse f
It saves time ; because it means all the '
difference between cow profits and
cow losses.

Look into this matter; see what a
Tubular will do for vou and bay one
because you need it.

How would vou like onr book J
"Business Dairying" and oar catalOK \
B. ;^Ofiboth free. Write for them. '

The Sharpies Separator Co*

West Chester, Pa,
TorontOf Can. ChicaffOf III* '

HUSK CODH 12 WAYS

A hnsker yon can fix any way to suit.
Change quic*k one hook to H positions; two
hooks to 4 positions. Fits any hand. Easy
oD wrist. Can't twist or break.

KEESlS^HUSKER

has steel palm-plate and heavy
steel hooks. Strong and
nug-fitting.
iaraple 40cts. If
.- dealer hasn't it
send his name.
KE£S MFG., CO.
Box T
Beatrice, Meb.

September, 1907.

V'^f^^^^

Amc»rican ISae Journal

SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS

In Connection With The

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sample copits tree, to help yi)U interest your friends and yet subscriptions. If you will s<nd us names of your neighbors or
friends we will mail them sample copies free. After they have received their copies, with a little talk you can i^et some to sub
scribe and so either ijet yt)ur own subscription free or receive some of the useful premiums below. They're worth irettinjr. Wo
eive you II year's subscription free for sending US two new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

Your tiaiue and addressllUt

on one side of the handle as
shown in cut. and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee, a worker,
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
and transparent,
through which is
seen your name.
If you lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to you, or
serves to identify
you if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cut is exact
size. Be sure to
write exact name
and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Priceofknife
alone, postpaid, $1.25.
With year's subscrip-
tion, $1.50.
Free for 5
new 50c sub-
scriptions.

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really tjc:)od
pen. As far as
true usefulness
goes it is equal
to anycf the high-
er-priced, much-
advertised pens.
If you pay more it's
the name you're
charged for. The Gold
Nib is guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Iridium pointed. The holder is
hard-rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. The cover fits snugly and
can't slip off because it slightly
wedges over the barrel at either
end. This pen is non-leakable.
Itisvery easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. Tht?' simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting. Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in box with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown Ji ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid, $1.25. With
a year's siibsc ri p ti on , $1.50.
Given free for 5 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each.

QUEEN-CUPPING DEVICE

The -Monette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for use in
catching and clipping
Pueens' wings. 4'4
inches high. It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
one.

Price alone, post-
paid, 25 cents. With a
year's subscription. tiO
,. Given free for 2 new
;riptions at 50 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

A special t(to! invented
by a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and tor sen-
era! workaround
theapairy. Made
of malleable iron.
HV2 inches long;. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is 1 /-Sinches long:,
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, endiuK like a
screw-driver. The
larger end is wediie-
shaped havin^iasharp,
semi -circular edge,
makiny^ it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. Miller, who has
used it since 1903 says,
January 7. 1907; "I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
25 cents. With a year's
subscription, 60 cents.
Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50
cents each.

PREMIUM
QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens
reports of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent ooly after May 1st.
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
75 cents each, 6 for $4.00,
or 12 for $7.50. One queen
with a year's subscrip-
tion, $1.00. Free for
3 new 50c. subscriptions.

HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

i^i^W^" O WONT rou BEE m H0^ EY.

And CHttfi THIS LOMELY HEART?

Fob I WOULD huo tou all the TinE j
And we would NfvEft part

A "Teddy Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep." Size
3'^x5'4, printed in four colors. Blank
space m x3 inches is for writing. Prices —
3. postpaid. 10 cents; 10 for 25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription, 60 cents. 6
given free for one 50-cent subscription.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

Forty ^'fars Anionu; th*- lie*-**, l»v Dr. f". C.

Mil|t'r.-:fl4 i.;it.'.'.s. tiouii-l in han«l.>*"iii(! cl'.ih,
with ^'..M li-ttcrs aiirl .l.'s|f,'n, illuslrati'«| with 111'
hc;iiiiiful h;iir-t'im- pitturt-s, taki'D Iiy Dr.

MIlliT. It i.s a iz I. ni'w .'itory of sueoV'.HsfuI

luM-ki-epiii^; l.\ one of the nia.ster.'*, and .-ihowM
in niiiiutfst clftail just how Dr. Miller dofH
thinjr.s with Ixm-s. Price alone, Jl.iKt. With a
years suh-scrJi't ion, tl.2T,. Given fr**e fori new
sulj.si ripiioiis at .30 cents each.

-Vclvanred Bee Culture, by W. Z.Hutthin-
rton.-The author is a jiractical an*l helpful
writer, im pa^es; bound in elolh, beautifully
illu.strateil. Priee ali>ne. SI.LHt. With a year's
subscription, $l.4.'>. (iiven tree for 5 new aub-
»cripiions at :u eents each.

A B C of Bee Culture, bv A. I. & E. R.
Root. -Over 5(ni papes describing? everything
pertaining to the care ot honey-bees. 4<>0 en-
trravinps. Bound in cloth, price al()ne. *l.-'0.
With a year's subscription, $1.4.'. Oiven iree
for 5 new subscriptions at aOcents each.

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically
Api>lied, by G. M. Doolitt le.-How theverybest
queen-bees are reared. Bound in clmh and il-
lu'itrated. Price abme, $1.00. With a year'.s sub-
scrijition, $!.:'.'>. Given free for 4 new subscrip-
tions at .iO cents each. In leatherette binding:,
l)rice alone, 75 cents. With a year's sul>scription
$I.ou. Given free for 3 new subscriptions
at 50 cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.— This book is in-
struct ive, helpful, interesting:, thoroughly
practical and scientific. It also contains anat-
omy and phvaio|(.ig\' nf bees. .^4 pages, L'95
illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price al' ne, *1.20.
With a year's subscrii)tion. $!.4.'. Given tree
for.5 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Lansrstroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic has been entirely re-
written. Fully illustrated. ISo apiarian linrary

is complete without this standard work bv "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 52ii pages,
bound in cl<ith. Price alone, $1.2ti. With a year's
subscription, $1.4.';. (liien free for 5 new sub-
scriptions at .50 cents each.

•*The Honey-Money Stories."— A ft4-page

booklet. Containing many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts an<I interesting items
about n>>ne.\ . The manufactured comb -honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two items
each occupying a full page. Has Si hne illus-
trations of apiaries or aidarian scenes. It also
ctintains 'i bee-songs. This booklet should be
placed in the hands of everybody not familiar
with the h'od -value of honev, for its main
object is to interest people in honev as a daily
table article. Price 25 cents. WMth a year's
subscription, 80 cents. Given free for 1 new
subscription, at 50 cents.

Three copies for .50 cents; or the 3 with a year's
subscription 75 cents; or the 3 copies given
free for 2 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Amerikanisrhe Bienenzncht. by Hans
Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's handbook of 138
pages, whit^h is just what our German friends
will want. It is fully illustrated, and neatly
bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.00. With a year's
subscription, $1.25. Given free for 4 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A stiff board outside like a book-cover with
cloth back. Will hold easily 3 volumes (36
numbers) of the American Bee Journal. Makes
reference easy, preserves copies from b-ss,
dust and mutilation. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription ?l.(Hi. Given
free for 3 new subscriptions at .50 cents each.

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has womi back but no
covers. Price postpaid, 20 cents. With a year's
subscription 60 cents. Given free for 1 new
subscription at 50 cents.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few of these handsome "bronze-metal"
clocks left. Base 10',. inches wide, by ft>i inches
high. Design is a straw skep with clock face in
Iraiddle. Suitable for parlor— an ornament for
any place. Keeps excellent time, durable
anii reliable. Weight, boxed, 4 pounds. You
pav express charges. Price, $1.50. With a year's
subscription, $1.75. Given free for 6 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

SEND ALL ORDERS TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOVUNAL, 118 W. Jackson. Chicago, 111.

668

September, ISn,.

American Vae Journal

MONEY II
A GOOD

te

••Vulcanite"

is that Roofing

ON IT'S
MERITS

DWfllK

STR0N6
DURABLE

long ago won for itself the repu-
tation of being the Best Ready
Roofing known. Realizing the
value of this reputation, we have
always endeavored to maintain it,
not only by keeping strictly up to
the original high standard, but by
contantly striving to improve it in
every possible way. Requires no
annual painting. Samples and
"Roll of Information" FREE.

Patent Vulcanite Roofing Co.,

Dept. 38» Franklin, "Warren Co., O.
ort>a6-59 S. Campbell Ave., Chicago

j ^ Likf a mow-
■ .■; in^r machine,
-has its work-
■ ' inti parts or
spray noz-
zels in front where they can be
seen. Don't strain your neck and
eyes with a rear spray. High pres-
sure; Brass lined pump; Ball valves;
Wider range of adjustment than any
other sprayer made. Booklet free.
ASPINWALI^MFG. CO... ^
•^S^ Sabin St., .Jackson, Micb.

In Its Thirtieth Year

The Rural Galifornian

One Dollar a Year

A large monthly magazine devoted to Agri-
cultural, Horticultural and Rural pursuit.^,
showing the wonderful development of ihe
Pacific Coa.st. BeauiifuU/ illustrated, well
edited, and artistically printed on fine book-
paper. An encyclopedia of information for
colonists. Address,

THE RURAL GALIFORNIAN

Rooms 6 and 7 Temple Block,

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

SPINWALL

4- -ROW

SPRAYER

Special

nffpr —For $1.15 we wilt send the Rural
Ullcl. Californian and the American

■ J'lurnal for one year.

Bees and Supplies

N. Y. City

For 14 years, we havi- l)een furnishinp: Bees antl
Supplies of every description to bee-keepers in
the East. We have studied the East as a honey-
section, know its hone3'-flow3, and the line of
goods best adapted to produce honey here. This
is not theory with us, as we have about 700 col-
onies of bees, in four different sections, which
produce a good crop of honey for us.

Honey- jars are now seasonable. We have
several stvlea. No. 2S Jar, $5.50 gross, 5 gross $.=l.2.'»
a gross; 1-lb. square Jars, $5.00, 5 gross $4.70 gross;
12-ounce round Jar, $4.50 gross.

We handle both comb and extracted honey in
season. Catalog free.

I. J. Stringham, 105 Park PI., New York

Apiaries, Glen Cove. L. I.
Mention Bee Journal 'when nritlng.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde
strnctlble, and eivlng entirely satisfactory re-
snlts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of buying
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making^ the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf
31ention

KNOXVILLE, TENN.
Bee Journal nlien irrlting.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now tor our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is makingSections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Jonrnal.

Mention Bee Journal ivhen writing.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April let. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each ; Tested Queens, $2 :
Select Tested, is. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

I>lentiou Bee Journal tvlien "writing.

IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK

That covvrs the whole Apioultural Field
more completely than any other pub-
lished, send $l.'-'« to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

— FOR HIS—

''BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE"

Ubenil l>iscoiints to the Trade.

Bee-feed, three-
flfths sugar, $4.50
;per ease ff two
5— G a 1 . cans.
Have bet- -Supplies, Barnes' Saw, Incubator,
Brooder and other things to exchange for white
and amber Extracted Honey, Beeswax, Type-
writer and Motorcycle.

J. F:, THOMPSON. Carpentersville, Ill.n
>leiition Ree .liturnal ^ivlien n'riting.

FOR SALE

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

iMention Bee Journal irhen writing::.

BEE-BOOKS

Sentpostpaiclby G£ORGE W. YORK & CO..
118 W. Jackson. Chicago, 111.

Advanced Bee-Culture. Its Methods
and Management, by W. Z. Hutchinson.
— The author o£ this work is a prac-
tical and helpful writer. You sliould
read his booli; 330 pages; Ijound in
cloth, and beautifully illustrated. Price,
$].20,

.t B C of Bee-Culture, by A. I. & E. R.
Root. — A cyclopedia of over 500 pages,
describing everytliing pertaining to the
care of the honey-bees. Contains about
■JOG engravings. It was written espe-
cially for beginners. Bound in cloth.
Price, $1.20.

Scientific ftueen-Rearlng. as Practi-
cally Applied, by G. M. Doolittle. — A
method by which the very best of
queen-bees are reared in perfect accord
with Nature's way. Bound in cloth and
illustrated. Price, $1.00; in leatherette
binding, 75 cents.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
.\piary, by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona
College, California. This book is not
only instructive and helpful as a guide
in l^ee-keeping, but is interesting and
thorougiily practical and scientific. It
contains a full delineation of the
anatomy and phj'Siology of bees. 544
pages. 295 illustrations. Bound in cloth.
19th thousand. Price, $1.20.

I^angrstroth on the Houey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. — This classic in bee-culture
has been entirely re-'written, and is
fully illustrated. It treats of every-
thing relating to bees and bee-keeping.
Xo apiarian library is complete without
this standard work by Rev. L. L. Lang-
stroth — the Father of American Bee-
Culture. It has 520 pages, bound in
cloth. Price, $1.20.

Honey as a Health Food. — This is a
16-page honey-pamphlet intended to
help increase the demand for honey.
The first part of it contains a short
article on "Honey as Food," written by
Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep
honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last
part is devoted to "Honey-Cooking Re-
cipes" and "Remedies Using Honey."
It should be widely circulated by those
selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey the more honey they will buy.
Prices: Sample copy for 2-cent stamp;
50 copies for 70 cents: 100 for $1.25;
250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for
$7.50. Tour business card printed free
at the bottom of the front page on all
orders for 100 or more copies.

Forty Vears Among the Bees, by Dr.

C. C. Miller. — This book contains 32S
pages, is bound in handsome cloth, with
gold letters and design: it is printed on
best book-paper, and illustrated with
112 beautiful original half-tone pic-
tures, taken by Dr. Miller himself. It
is unique in this regard. The first few
pages are devoted to an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Miller, tell-
ing how he happened to get into bee-
keeping. About 20 years ago he wrote
a small book, called "A Year Among
the Bees," but that little work has been
out of print for a number of years.
While some of the matter used in the
former book is found in the new one, it
all reads like a good new story of suc-
cessful bee-keeping by one of the mas-
ters, and shows in minutest detail just
how Dr. Miller does things with bees.
Price, $1.00.

"The Hoaey-Money Stories." — A 64-
page-and-cover booklet. 5»ixS% inches
in size, printed on best quality paper.
Many short, bright stories interspersed
with facts and interesting items about
honey and its use. The manufactured
comb honey misrepresentation is con-
tradicted in two items, each ocupving
a full page, but in different parts of
the booklet. It has in all 33 fine illus-
trations, nearly all of them being of
apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs, namely, "The
Hum of the Be?s in the Apple-Tree
Bloom." "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey,"
and "The Bee-Keepers' Lullaby." This
booklet should be placed in the hands
of everybody not familiar with the
food-value of honey, for its main ob-
iect is to interest people in honev as a
daily table article. Price, 25 cents, or
3 copies for 50 cents.

Sc|itcMllirr, iliuT

[American IBac Jonrnal /^p^

QUEENS OF

Moore's Strain of Italians

PrnduLC workers lliat till the supi-rs, and :iro
not inclined to swarm. They li.cve w<in a
world-wide reputation for honey-Katherini;.
hardiness, gentleness, etc.

.Mr. W. Z. Hutehinson, editor of the liii;-
Kekpkrs Kkvikw. Flint, Mich,, says; ".Vs
workers, I have never seen them ciiuali-.l.
1 lioy seem possessed of a steady. <iuiet
determmation that enables them to lay up
surplus ahead of others. Easier bees to
handle I have never seen."

My queens are all bred from my best loncr-
tonffued three-banded red-clover stock (no
other race bred in my at>iaries), and the cells
are built in stronii colonies well supplied ^vith
younjj bees.

PRICES: Untested queens, 75c each; six
f4; doz., S7.50. Select, untested, fl.OU each;
si.x. JS.OO; dox., !9.00.

Safe arrival and satisfaction (ruarantpcd.

Descriptive circular free. Address

J, P. MOORE, Queen-Breeder, Rt. 1, Morgan, Ky.

Iffiitloii Itee .l«Mirii:il Avtieii tvritiiiK,

SHIPPING-CASES^TOBURN

Dovetail Hives, Sections. Foundation, and a
full line of supplies by che carload, and shipped
from the best shipping-point in Michigan. An all-
basswood 24-pound case, J-piece cover, 13 cents.
Honey and beeswax wanted. Send for catalog
and discounts.

W. D. SOPER, Rt. 3, Jackson, Mich.

>l*Mitioii Bee Journal wlieu «Titing.

A NEW BEE-SUPPLY HOUSE

-^AT LITTLE ROCK, ARK.—

I am prepared to furnish vou the best of heo-
supplies, manufactured hv The A. I. Root Co.
Let me send you my catalog' of bee-keeper.'*'
supplies. Also have for .lale the very best
strain Italian Queens and nuclei or full col-
onies. Satisfaction g:uaranteed.

W. J. I^ITTLEFIELD.

>Ientioii Bee J<»urnal nlien writing;.

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian Queens— each 75 cent.s or 6 for J4.
Caucasians— each $1, or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

Mention Bee Journal vrlieu 'writing:.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

GOLDEN and LEATHER-COLORED

Frit'cs of Queens 1 6 13

Untested $ .60 $S.'i(t $ 6.00

Tested ,»o 5.00 9.00

Select Tested 1. 10 f^M 12. uo

Safe Arrival Guarantet'd

JOHN LEIHINGER, FT. JENNINGS, OHIO

>lention Bee Journal inrhen vrriting.

MINNESOTA QUEENS

Nothing Better. Try Ihem.

Throe-band and Golden Italians.
\Vi- w;irr;uit our t.i-i-^* fn-.-
Iriiiii disi-iif^i' of iui\ kiri'l,
;iinl LT'inrantee safe arrival
of .ill .|iii-cnH. \V'e want
V oiir oriliTM anil will lilt
(hfin promptly on and af-
t" r June Isi, at 75 ctH. un-
tested, an<I $!.:;.> for tewted
or fithcr strain. A postal
will briinf you a circular.
Siiid \ .>ur ordi-rs lo

MENNIE & FENTON,

Pine Island, Minnesota,

SloiitliiM Hop .loiirniil nlicn nrldnK.

DAnllLO Machinery

mention Ilee

■ml ulmt J. I. I*AKKST, of ('}mrl-
N. Y.. Mty»<: ""We cut wllh ono
oiir <.V)iiil>)ii«-<| Mii'-lilni-K. but
t-r. Mvhair liivtt. with? In i-ap.
univy-mriti*. Mfi lir'Kcl frunx-8.
horu-y-boxt-H. ami a ({r«-ut ileal
Jut u(.rk, Thinwlntcr «<■ have
)]f thi-niiioiint of l»'t'-hlveK,(;t4!.,
iikf-.Hnrl w«- i-xpfct todo ttwltli
.Saw, It ull) <].> III! you Hay it
Cntuioif iiii'l prir<- Kut tn-v.

A.Mn >M, w. F. ft JOHN BARNES.

995 Ruby St., Rockford. 111.
J(»iirn;il \^'lieu t^ riling-

Your Order for Queens Engravings ForSale

Will be promptly tilled. We can supply both
tested and untested Italian Queens, your
choice of either imported or home-bred
mothers.

Our bees are bred for business ; our Queens
will not disappoint you. Tested Queens, $1.00
each ; Untested Queens, 75 cents ; $8 per doz.
J. W. K. SHAW

20Atf LoRBACViLLK, Iberia Pa , La,

Mention Bee Journal nben writing;.

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred aod im-
poried stock. All Queens
reared in full colonies.

One Untested Queen f .75

" Tested Queen .90

" Select Tested Queen 1.10
" Breeler Queen 1.G5

" Comb Nucleus (no

Qaeen) 80

" Untested Caucasian

Qneen 1.25

'* Tested Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and dpscription of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE OATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

204 E. Logan St., Clarinda, Iowa.
Uentlon Bee Journal when Tvrltlni::.

3-Bancled Italian Bees

The best all-around bees on earth. My
stock is composed of selections from my
own strain of 3-banded Italians that were
awarded diploma at the Pan-American E.\-
position, and The A. I. Root Co. clover stock.

Tested queens. $1.00: select tested queens.
J1.50: fair breeding queens, $3.00: extra-select
breeders. $5.00— ready to go promptly. Un-
tested queens, 75c: select untested queens,
$1.00— ready early in March. Yours for a
prosperous 1907,

W. 0. VICTOR,

Queen Specialist, HONDO, TEXAS

Mention Bee Journal Tvhen writing.

VIRGIN QUEENS ^ ITALIAN QUEENS

are not injiired in the mails, invethem aWi ^

are not injured in the mails. ( iive them
a trial and you will be pleased. Instruc-
tions for introducing free. Select Italian
Virgins. -10c: doz. $4.,'S0.

GEO. H . REA, Maplewood Apiary R 2, Re7nold3vUle,Pa.

Mention Bee Journal irlieii writing.

^% A 40-page Catalog free,

IC A AQ The latest work on BEE-
UQQQ SUPPLIES, Hives, Fixtures,
Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens, If interested in bees, do not
fail to write us.
John Kebel & Son Supply Co., High Hill. Mo.

>|pnti-»n Bee .loiirnnl Mlieii ^vriting.

Fine young prolific 3 and 5 banded
Italian Queens, by return mail. Un-
tested only 60c, or $6.50 a dozen.

Tested, "i^c or J8 a duzan. Extra fine queen, $1.
J L. Fajen, Alm.\, Mo.

Mention Bee Journal irhen ^vritins.

For Sale

'I'M fulonies of hees
an«l 511 acres of land.
1st fhiss black and
white sac** hrnu-v
range; an ideal mountain health hunie.K'""! \\ Jitrr.
young orchard, many variti^s of berries; i-. mile
from P.O., and telephone. Price $:'stiO; jiimti di>\\ ii,
balance in ;i rears at H ^uTCent. Address
J. E. GREEN, Matilija, Ventura Co., Calif.
Mention Bee Journal irlien Trritins.

We are accnmnlating' quite a stock of engrav-
ing^s that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
ag^ain by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly havinfr
made and using' In our columns. If there is acy
of our eng-ravTngs that any one would like Xc
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. TORE & CO.

CHICAGO, ILL

WANTED TO BUY for GASH

Comb and Extracted Honey

ALSO BEESWAX

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,
4263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

^lentiou Ilee Journal %vhen nritini^.

:WE SELL:

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc., as we can
save you time and freigftit.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON, Bedford, Wayne Co., Mlchlgu

^leution Bee Journal T»-iien TvritinjL?.

^^Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON
TOOLS

6.P PiUing&SonCo.,
.>Ientii>n Bee .lourna

Ciponizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outfit
with free Instructiona
postpaid $2.50.

Gape Worm Extractor 25C

Poultr.v Marker 25c

Frencli Killins Knif«rO»
Capon Book Free.
ArctiSt.,Fluiadalpiiia fW
Tf'tien irriting.

CORN

HARVESTER cuts and
throws in pileson harves-
ter or windrows, ilanand
horse cuts equal with a
corn binder. Price $15.
Circulars free, showing Harvester at work.
NLW PROCLSS MfG. CO., Salina. Kjnsas

Mention Bee .Journal ^Then ^vriting:.

$1 to $3 a pair.
Registered
Homing P i g-
eons: Big Squab

Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian Hares;

Fancy experiment station: crosses in all

colors. Mail orders filled.

FOR SALE

erLBERT

GI.EX KLLTN, ILL.

Fine Italian Queens

By Return Mail — 50c each

J. F. MICH.4JSL, Bt. 1, Winiliester, Ind.
Mention Bee Journal wiien -writinK.

670

September, 1907.

American Hee Journal

TENNE5SEE=BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected .Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's Long-Tongue, or my own. Goldens
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

.\FTER April 15th.

from

Italians Before Julu 1st

i After July 1st i

GflRNlOLflNS

GflUGflSlflNS

1

6

12

1

6 13

t 1

6

12

1

6

fi

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

$ .75

100
1.50
2.00

$ 4 00$ -.50

5.00, 9.00

SOOl 15.00

10 00, IS.OO

1$ .60

, Sb

1.25

1.50

$3 25$ 6 00
4.25| 8.00
6 50 12.00
8 00, 15 00

$ .85

1.10
1.60
2.10

$450
550
8.50

10.50

$ 800

9.50
15.50
18,50

$ .95

i 1.20
, 1.70
: 2.20

$ 5.00

6.00

900

11.00

$850
10 00
16 00
19.00

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders $10.00

Select Golden Breeders ' 3 oO

" 3-band " .'.'..'..'. 3.00

" Carniolan " 3. 10 I

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6.00

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices.

Discounts on large orders. Coatracis with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section

JOHN M DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

T. F. BINGtiflM. Farwell, MiGll.

Patent, d Mil 20. IS?i.

llEsr ON EARTH.

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Friend Bee-Keeper: — You have had a hard
time of it; colonies dwindled to half with some,
and you were nearly discouraged. But the clouds
have rolled away and prospects are fine for a good
crop yet. Get Marshfield Bee-Goods, and make no
mistake.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marshfield, Wis.

lOWA-J. W. Bittenbender, Knoxville,

Gregory & Son. Ottumwa.
KANSAS— S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHHiAN-Lenest&Koenig. 127 South
13th St.. Saginaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell. IJnion City.
NEBRASKA-Collier Bee-Supply Co,

Fairbury.
CANADA- N. H. Smith. Tilbury. Ont.

ARIZONA— H. W. Ryder. Phoenix.

MINNESOTA-Northwestern Bee-Sup-
ply Co., Harmony.

ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham, Kankakee.

OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.

TEXAS-White Mft'. Co., Blossom.

WISCONSIN-S. W. Hines Mercantile
Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli. Glenwood.

HANDMADE SMOKERS

Extracts from Catalog:^— 1907:

Chas. Dadant <t Son, Hamilton, III,— This is the Smoker we
recommend above all others.

<j. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio —The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smolser.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor- cheapest made to use 1.10 — 3J^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00—3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2>^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Or giual Biogbam & Helheriogton Uocapping-Koife.

II T

In every connlry tue sEcessfnl advertiser is tlie continflons adyeriiser."

We will Buy and g
Sell i

HONEY i

^_^ of the different grades and kinds.
^^ If you have any to dispose of, or i'

you intend to buy, correspond

with us.

We are always in the market ^^

for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

ni TPPNI^ Caucasians.! allana. Cyprians
V*-"-*^^^^ and Carniolans

Prices in May anil June: Caucasian— one extra.
best select breeding Queen, $3.imi one best iaiDorted
direct from Caucasus, $4 50, Golden all-over Ital-
ians and Carniolans: One best extra select breed-
ing. $2.'><»; one best imported, best Italian or Carni-
olan Queen. $2.50. Cyprian: one extra best select
breeding. $.','^0; one best imported direct fron>
Cyprus, $3.50. Prices in July, August and Septem-
ber, ."'O cents less than in May and June. Special
prices for on and 100 Qu'ens, Caucasian, Italian.
Cyprian, and Carniolan Queens bred tbe best im-
ported breeding Queens. The addresses must be-
clear: paymt'nts by p-istal money orders, Queen»
guaranteed to arrive in good condition in U. S. or
Canada. To Australia. Ceylon, India, etc., $1 more.
E. HAUNSCHILD. the Queen-Breeder.

20Al3t Weissbach b. Pulanitz, i. Sa.. Germany.

_j/

Chicago, Aug. 31.-The market is quit^ ;utive in
oniii doney, and the (-h"ief grades of white sell
at l^c per pound. There l.s not much eall for any-
thing' that jrrades under N-i. i. hut prices are tirm
th..ut.'h not estahlislied .-n all km. is of honev.
Extracted, clover, brinK>-'>*-: the ambers 7 to ji-.e
with dark at fi to tj'je. Bt-eswax sells readilv'at
3LV per lb. No surplus here of any kind.

R. A. Burnett A: Co.

Kansas City, Auff, ly.-The demand tor comb,
honey is good, but receipts light, with no ex-
tracted in the market. We quote No. I white
comb, 24-section ease, per ease *a.50; No. i' white
and amber, fi; extracted, white, 8c; extracted,
amber, 7c. Beeswax, l'nc. c. C. Clemons & Co.

Indianapolis, Aug. L*;i -Fancy white comb honev
sells to the retail grocery trade in lots of 1 to X
cases at ly to 2() cents. No. 1 white 17 to Is cents.
Best grades of extracted in 5-gallon cans, sell^
fc)rllto r_' cents. Stime foreign extracted honev
on the market is offered at slightly lower prices.
Beeswax is plentiful, but in fairlv good demand,
at 135 per 100 pounds. Walter S. Povder.

Cincinnati, Aug. i.'J. - The market on comb-
honey is good, selling for Ifii-jC wholesale. Ex-
tracted, white, inrto-lb, tans, at 10c; amber in bar-
rels, at j 'i to 6c. Beeswax snow at 33c.

C. H. W. Weber.

Cincinnati, Aug. •>'2. — Fancy and No. l coml^
honev finds ready sale atl.Ttol6c. The present
supply is about equal to the demand. The price
of extracted honey is steadily advancing. We
have quite a big stock on hand, and for that rea-
son continue to quote amber in barrels at :i^> t*>
t>'-.'C, according to qualii v. Extracted, fancv white
clover, in (>0-lh. cans, at from 8 to 9c. For choice
yellow beeswax, free trom dirt, we are paving 3Uc.
The Fked W. Mvth Co.

• New York, Ang. 22.— We are beginning to re-
ceive small shipments of the new crop white
comb honey, but do not expect to have any large
lots until a few weeks from now. While the croj»

SeptcinlxT, 1907.

American ^ee -Journal

A GREAT IMPROVEMENT

\^ III be found In

Ttie

American Bee -Keeper
for 1907

It Is profusely illustrated and en-
larged, and contains only articles of the
most practical as well as scientific na-
ture. A special corps of the best writers
has been engaged. The editors are
Harry E. Hill and Arthur C. Miller, than
whom there are no more practical or ex-
perienced bee-keepers in this country.
We have published the American Bee-
Keeper continually and regularly since
1890.

Regular subscription price, SO cents a
year. One year to new subscribers, 35
cents ; three years for $1 00.

Send for sample copy and our new
illustrated price-list of BEE-SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS.

Guaranteed highest quality at lowest
price. Address,

THE W.T. FAL LONER MFG. CO.

Dept. B JAMESTOWN. N, Y.

[Bstablisbed 25 yeais.J

For Sale

-1500 lbs. of extra-fine
Clover Honey. This
honey was extracted
August 1st, from new
cumbs. vSince extractini^, it has been kept
at a temperature ranging: from 80** to 120^.
It is light in color and of a very heavy bodj:.
In fact. I am so proud of this honey that it
will be a pleasure to mail you a sample. I
shall piit this honey up in clean new 60-lb.
cans, and ask only 10c per pound for it.

JAY NORTH, Norrh Adams, Mich.

is certainly very short in some seetions of New-
York State, and in the East in jreneral. there are
some sections where they prinluced a larger crop
than that of last year, but, of murse, ma enousn
to itff-set the shortage in other localities. Tne
quality is renorteil to be tine. The demand is
good; no doulit white comb honey will linii ready
sale nil throUK'h the early fall, providing prices
are not itrohibitivi'. Let us bear in mind the fact
that comb honi'> is mit a necessity but a luxury,
and unless people can buy it at a certain price
thev will d'.i without it. This we have experienced
more than once heretofore. Fancy stock will
find ready sale at IHc per lb. No. l at U to 15c,
and No. 2 around i:ie. Prices on dark and buck-
wheat not establishe<i as yet. The season is yen,'
backward, and we do not <'xpeit to have any
buckwheat until middle of next month, if then.
Extracted honey is in L'ood demand, ami prices
are verv firm. We quote California white sage at
S'j to 9c. light amber at 7 to 7='4C. Choice grades
in barrels or kegs at 7 to 7hiC per lb. Average
common Southern at 60 to 6.5c per gallon. Bees-
wax steady at 30 to 31e, according to quality.

HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN.

Toledo, Aug. ir>.— There is practically no mar-
ket on honey yet established, as bee-keepers are
all holding their honey expecting to get enor-
nous prices. We are getting for honey, fancy
white clover in a retail way. I6to ]fi'-.ic; No i, i5 to
1512C. with no demand for darker gra<les. Ex-
tracted white clover, in barrels, brings 7 to 7^>c.
Beeswax 26 to 28c.

The Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Philadelphia, June 25.— This hot weather has
come on us so suddenly that it has stopped the
sale of C'lmb honey entirely, and extracted honey
has been moving very slowly the last lU <lays.
We <iuote : Extracted honey, dark, in barrels, 6
to Tc; light extracted honey, in barrels. 7 to 8c; in
HU-lb. cans, according to quality and quantity.
Beeswax, 30c.

We are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Denver, JuIv 8.— Old comb honey, or last sea-
son's crop of comb honey, has been entirely
cleaned up in this market for several weeks and
new crop nas not arrived yet. There is no change
in the situation of extracted honey, and we have
a good supply to meet the local demand. Our

Eirices are 6^1 to 7^2 for light amber, and 71-2 to 8^
or white, per pound. We pay from 34 to 26 cents
for clean yellow beeswax delivered here.
The Colorado Honey-Producers' Association.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

COMPLETE STOCK FOR 1907 NOW ON HAND.

Freight Rates From

CINCINNATI

are the LOWEST, ESPECIALLY
for the SOUTH,

as almost all freight now goes through
Cincinnati. Prompt Service is what
I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Catalog mailed free. Send for same.
You will save money buying from me.

WANTED

Fancy Comb and
Extracted

HONEY

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

CJllOO buys 100 24-Section
No-drip Shipping-Cases. Made
o£ select basswood — top and
bottom of one piece; all in flat,
complete with 2-inch glass,
paper and nails.

PRICE ilST-Cash with order.

I2-Sec. Cases 24-Sec. Cases
10 $1.00 « 1.40

50 4.75

6.00

11.00

55.00

500 42.25

1000 80.00

Winter-Cases for s or 10 frame H

Address-SHEBOTMll FRUIT-BOI CO.

100.00

ivep. at $1.40 each.

Sheboygin. Wis.

THE POULTRY DIGEST

25 cents per Year.

An Entei-prising, Pushing and Progressive Poultry
Journal. A live and insti-uctive Periodical Different
From All the Rest.

True to name, a concise and boiled down digest of all
the doings In the Poultiy World— A tinie-gaving peri-
odical ; methodical, to the point, and conservative.

YOU want to make more mont y out of

your fowls.
YOU want to get good results with less

hard woi"k.
YOU want to leai-n how to save your

little chicks.
YOU want to know what to do each

month in the poultry yard.

Send in your subscription to thi

POULTRY DIGEST PUB

pn 43 Centre St.,
CU.iN. Y. City.

American Hee Journal

September, 1907

THE

'.\ '- A. ' v7\ ' \

7 ,/- \ " \ /• A. / \ /-

\ y V /• \. / \. / \

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LL

^V^f^'^ IS rOIIND IN ^^

DADAJJTTS
OUNDATION

<o>

5^^

^^^

A v./ yy "i f\J.\

%

Dad A NT ^ Sons.

Hamilrpn, III. ^

Bee-Supplies

Perfect Gooils

Lowf Prices

A CUSTOMER ONCE. A CUSTOMER ALWAYS.

Now is the time for you to buy your Bee-Supplies. We manufacture Bee-Hives of all kinds. The Dovetail,
Langstroth, Alternating, and the Massie Hives— we make all of them. Remember that half the work and
worry of your apiary is removed when you use our goods. Every one knows the advantage of a good,
substantial hive; the quality of material and workmanship in our hives is not excelled by any other make.

We have been in the business over 40 years, and know what is practical, and when you once give our
goods a trial you will have none other. Remember that now is the time to get your order in for the season's
supplies. Have you received our new 1907 catalog? If not, write for it at once. You cannot fail to
understand how to order just what you want from our Catalog; it is the easiest to understand that you ever saw.

No trouble to give estimates; tell us what you want.

Kretchmer Mfg. Co., Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Muscatine Produce Co., Muscatine, Iowa.

Trester Supply Co., 103 S. 11th St., Lincoln, Neb.

CATALOGS ISSUED IN ENGLISH OR GERMAN.

OCTOBER- 1907

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American Hee Journal

Contents for October, 1907

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

116 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
50 cents a vear, in the United States of America,
(except Chicago, where it is 75 cents ^ and Mexico;
in Canada 60 cents: and in all other countries in
the Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, " decOl " on your label shows
that it is paid to the end of December, I'JOT.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.— We do not send
a receipt f or monev sent us to pay subscription,
but change the date on your wrapper-label, which
shows that the money has been received and
credited.

fldvertising Kate, per floate Line, I5c.

14 lines make oae inch.

Xothing less than 4 lines accepted.

Discounts:

3 times 14c a 1 ne 9 times lie a line

6 " 12c*' '■ 12 *• (1 yr.) 10c aline

Reading Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful rights.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France, Plalteville, Wis.

|^~ If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is malting Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUG. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee J uu r ii«i

Books for Bee-Keepers

Every bee-keeper should have a bee-
book besides a bee-paper. On another
page will be found all the best books
offered — either at a price, postpaid, or as
a premium. If you can not earn them
as premiums for getting new subscrip-
tions, it will pay you well to purchase
one or more of them. You will find
them of great value. There are so many
things in the books that are needful to
know, and that of course could not be
told over and over again in the bee-
papers. If a bee-keeper can afford only
one, it would better be the book rath-
er than the paper. But now that the
American Bee Journal is only 50 cents
a year, of course, no bee-keeper, how-
ever limited his apiary may be, can af-
ford to be without its monthly visits.

Illusth.-vtions—

An Out-Door Colony 680

Apiary of M. A. Salazar 680

Apiarian E.xhibit of C. M. Nichols at

Two ilichigan Fairs 680

Cleome Apiary of Geo. D. Caley- 1st Paee
Pounding Out Sweet Clover Seed 692

Editorial Notes and Comments —

Attachment of Sections to Separators 678
Beginners Should Study Foul Brood •■ ■ 677

Comb Honey by E.xpress 678

Does the Queen Will the Egg-Sex ?. . . . 680

Double-Oueen Plan-Dr. Miller's 677

E-\-tracting-Combs On Till Close of

Season ■ 678

Get a Bee-Book-Good Advice 680

Get Good Prices for Your Honey and

Don't Fool It Away 679

Grading E.xtracted Honey 679

Honey Market for 1907 677

How to Get Good Prices 679

National Convention at Harrisburg 677

New Way of Introducing Queens 677

Producing an Article that Enables the

Producer to Set the Price 679

Producing Best E.xtracted Honey 678

Spring Stimulation of Brood-Rearing- 680
Two Queens or More in One Colony — 678

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Advertising Honey for Sale 681

Apiarian Exhibit of C. M. Nichols 681

Apiary of .M. A. Salazar 680

Bee-Keeping in Bermuda 683

British Bee-Keeiiers' Guide-Book 682

Central Tennessee Convention 682

Getting a Late Honey Crop 681

Great Big •• Bee-Cave " 682

"Honey-Guides" for the Bees 681

Mr. Caley's Cleome Apiary. 681

Mr. Strong at the Clannda Fair 681

National's Membership 680

Northern Illinois Convention GS2

Pleased with the .Monthly 682

Queen-Mating Station 682

Spanish Bee-Paper. 681

Southern Beedom—

Bulk or Chunk Honey. Etc 682

I aucasian Bees vs. Italian Bees 682

De Bizzy Honey-Bee (Poem) 682

Not Good Fall Prospects 682

Superseding of Young Queens 682

Contributed Articles—

Are a Queen's Drones Affected by Her

Mating? 687

Bacteria of the Apiary 687

Bee Dysentery 688

Cultivation of Disease-Germs 688

Curing Apiaries of Foul Brood 686

■ Food Value of Honey as Compared

With Other Food Stuffs 689

Foul Brood 688

Have Bees Reasoning Powers? 685

Rendering Combs into Beeswax 684

Spores of Honey 688

Syrup for Feeding Bees 684

" Ups " and " Downs " of Bee-Keeping 686
Wonderful Organs of the Bee 685

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters—

Beginning With Bees 691

Harvesting Sweet Clover Seed 692

Sister's Experience in South Africa. .. 692

Sister's Report and Experience 691

Starved Bees 691

Swarm Settling on a Sister's Face 692

Beedom Boiled Down—

Breeding for Non-Swarming 695

Empty Comb, Not Empty Space, Pre-
vents Swarming 695

Hu-tchinson and Late Swarming 695

Longevity of Bees 692

Root Routs Robber-Bees 695

Several Queens in One Hive Without

Excluder 695

Vitality of Queen's Eggs 692

Wintering Queens the Third Winter-- 682

Can.-\dian Beedom—

Bee-Management for Beginners 693

Bees and Horticulture 693

Fall Honey Crop a Failure 693

McEvoy Treatment of Foul Brood 693

Short CroD and Honey Exhibits 693

Stingless Bees .All Dead 693

Doctor Miller's Question-Box—

Ants in Hives 696

Bees Troubled With Moth-Larvae 697

Breeding Up for Winter 698

Drones from Mismated Queen 698

Feeding Back Honey in Shallow

Frames 696

Getting Rid of Ants 696

Honey Deteriorating on Hive 698

Increase 696

Introducing Queens 697

Kind of Hive, Frames, Honey. Bees,

Etc 698

Moving Bees 696

Old Honey-Extractor 697

Preparing for Winter 696

Queen Passing Through Entrance-
Guard 697

Queer Noise Among Bees 697

Replacing Brood-Combs. 696

Swarm Deserting 697

Tiering Up Hives in Wintering 696

Using Brood-Frames for Extracting

Frames '. 697

Ventilating Hives 696

Reports and Experiences—

About Half a Honey-Yield 698

Backward Season 699

Bee-Culture Discouraging 699

Catnip 699

Fair Honey Crop. 698

Fall Honey Crop Promised 699

Gasoline for Foul-Broody Combs 698

Good Fall Honey-Flow 699

Hard Year for Bees 699

Honey for Local Demand 699

Light Honey Crop 699

May Be a Fair Fall Flow 698

No Honey 699

No Honey or Half a Crop 698

Poor Honey Season 699

Poor Prospects for Fall Flow 699

Poor Season for Bees 699

Psoralea. 699

Starting With Bees 699

Sumac 699

Very Little Honey.... - 699

Very Poor Season 699

Wormwood 699

CI.$1100 buys 100 24-Section
No-drip Shipping-Cases. Made
o£ select basswood — top and
bottom of one piece; all in flat,
complete with 2-inch glass,
paper and nails.

PRICE nST-Cash with order.

12-Sec. Cases 24-Sec. Cases

10 « I.OO » 1.40

50 4.15 6.00

100 8.50 11.00

.500 4-'.2.i 55.00

1000 80.00 lOO.OU

Winter-Cases for 8 or 10 frame Hives, at $1.40 each.

Address-SHEBOTGAS FRUIT-CCX CO., Sheboysin. Wis.

THE POULTRY DIGEST

25 cents per Year.

An Plntei-prising. I'u^hing and Progressive Poultry
Joui-nai. A live and instructive Penodical Different
From AlItheKest.

Ti-ue to name, a concise and boiled dow-n dipest of all
the doings in the Pouiti-y World— A time-s^avint? peri-
odical ; methodical, to the point, and consen'ative.

YOU want to make more money out of

your fowls.
YOU want to get good results with less

bard work.
TOU want to learn how to save your

little chicks.
YOU want to know -wliat to do each

month in the poultry yard,

subscription to the

pn 43 Centre St..
IfU-i N. Y. City.

Send in ,v

POULTRY DIGEST PUB

October, 1907.

i^American^ge Journal i

I Am Now Filling Orders

BY RETURN MAIL

QUEENS OF

Moore's Strain of Italians

Produco workers (hat fill tlie supers, and are
not inclined to swarm. Tliey havL*W(jn a
jvorld-Hide reputation for honey-gatherinir
hardiness, gentleness, etc.

Mr. \V. Z Hutchinson, editor of the Bef-
KKKPiiKS kKViiiw. Klint. Mich., says: 'As
workers. I have never .seen them equaled.
1 liey .seem possessed of a steady, emiet
determination that enables them to lay up
surplus ahead of others. Easier bees to
handle I have never seen."

iMy nueens are all bred from my best lone-
tonsrued three-banded red-clover stock (no
other race bred in my apiaries), and the cells
are liuilt in strong colonies well supplied with
youny bees.

PRICES; Untested queens, 75c each; six,
W; doz.. J7.50. .Select, untested. $1.00 each-
s x.S.'i.00;do7,.,$9.00. >"<-ai.ii.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Descriptive circular free. Address

J. P. yPORE, Queen-Breeder, Rt. 1, Horgan, Ky.

ji writiu^:.

QUEENS ITALIAN QUEENS

GOLDEN anil LEATHER-COLORED

Prices of Queens 1 (> 12

rntt'Sted $ .fiO $:i.30 $ ti.OO

Tested .HO 5.U0 ii.uu

Select Tested 1. 10 6.30 iL'.ut)

Sale Arrival Guaranteed

JOHN LEIHINGER, TT JENNINGS, CHIO

SHIPPING-CASES TO BURN

Oovetail Hives, Sections, Foundation, and a
full line of supplies by the carload, and shipped
from the best shipping-point in Michigan. An all-
basswood 24-pound case, ]-piece cover, 13 cents.
Honey and beeswax wanted. Send for catalog
and discounts.

W. D. SOPER, Rt. 3, Jackson, Mich.

Big Profits in Capon j

TOOLS

.P PiUing&SonCo.,

CaponizinET is eas.v — soon

learned. Complete outtit

. with free instructions

postpaid $2.50.
iGape Worm Extractor 25o

'i Poultry Marker 25c

[French Killing KnifeSOc
|Capon Book Free.

Arch St., Ptuiadelphia ,Fa.

:WE SELL:

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives. Foundation, etc.. as we can
save you time and freight.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON, Bedford, Wayne Co., Michigan

n AQMrny Foot-Power

DAnRLO Machinery

Head what J. I. I'ahknt. of Cluirl-
ton, N. Y., says: "We cut with one
of your Combined Machines, last
winter. 50 chaff hives with T-in. cap,
100 honey-rackp, .'iOO brood-fnunes.
2.lKtO honey-boxrs, and a gieat deal
of other work. This winter we have
double theantount of bee-hives.etc.,
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw. It will do all you say it
■will." Catalog and price-list free.

Addre8s.W, F.&JOHN BARNES,
895 Ruby St., Rockford. III.

VULCAN TE ROOFING

OVER OLD SHINGLE ROOF

is dust-proof and fire-rcsistinjTf, easily hiid, and saves all the
expense rind work of tearing oil old shingles. Special long nails
furnished when it is to be laid over shingles. For new roofs
Vulcanite is better than shingles or metal; cheaper, too and
requires no annual painting. For over GO years Vulcanite has
been the standard Ready Roofing
— better today as we are constantly
striving to improve it in everyway
possible. Before you build or re-
pair write for samples and booklet,

^^■^— »■ "The Right Roofing and the

Reasons Why." Sent free on request.

PATENT VDtCVNITE ROOFING CO., Dept. 38

Franklin Warren Co.. O. or 626-59 S. Campbell Ave., Chicago.

-■ •■ ''M

FOR SALE- My Patent

Stanley Incubator and Brooder— Cell-Starting
Hive and Twin-Mating Box

Also 80 Colonies of Bees

3 Imported Carniolan Queens
'2 Caucasian Breeding •'

4 Imported Italian *'

at $l.r.o eaoli
■' 1.50 ■■
" 1.50 "

.'! Q'dden Italian Q'leens at »1.50 each

i) Tested (Jueens of these Strains " 1.25 •'
25 W^arranted " " " •• 75 »•

Write to the undersigned for prices of an.vthing not listed. Address all orders to
.AKTHIIS ST.ANI.KT, Dixon, Lee Co.. III.

"// Gooiis are Wanted Quick Send to Touder. "

KST.ABLISHED 1889

Bee-Supplies. Root's Goods in Indiana.

Standard Hives with latest improvements. Danzenbaker
Hives, Honey-Bo.xes. Comb Foundation and everytbing that
IS used in the bee-yard. Large illustrated catalog mailed
free. Finest White Clover E.xtracted Honey for sale in any
quantity desired.

WALTER S. POUDER, 513-515 Massacliuselts Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Your orders are what we are after now for
fall and winter. Drop us a card or letter telling
what you want, and we will make Surprising
Prices to you.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marslifield, Wis.

lOWA-J. W; Bittenbender, Kno.iville.

Greeory & bon. Ottumwa.
KANS.\S-S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHIU-^N-Lengst & Koeniff. 127 South

13th .St.. haninaw. E. S.
S. U. Buell. Union City
NEBRASKA— Collier Bee-Supply Co

Fairbury.
CANADA- N. H. Smith. Tilbury. Ont.

.■\RIZONA-H. W. Ryder. Phceni.'!.

Jll N X E SO TA- Northwestern Bee-Sup-

plv Co.. Harmony.
ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham. Kankakee.
OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.
TE.XAS-White .Mftr. Co., Blossom.
WISCONSIN-S. \V. Mines Mercantile

Co.. Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

October, 1907.

American "Bcc Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

s^SH, iDOOPis, Bi-iinsriDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.
The A. I. Root Co. ,

Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so-called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum without sacrificing quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetumpka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

California

•Fresno Madarj Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A.Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fruita Fruita Fruit and Produce Ass'n

District o< Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

<]ieorgia

SaTannah Howkins & Rush

124 Liberty St.
lllinoi«<

Chicago The A. L Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

ETansvUle Vickery Bros.

lovra

Des Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angusta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

. Hnmmer

Mississippi

Brajelia George A.

Massachusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

Maine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Micliigfan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill ... Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke& Hank

I^ew JMexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

Mew York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

P ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnoldl

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co,|

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Ddo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Tirg^inla

Spottswood W. E. Trlbbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

Ohio

THE A, L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio

(Entered as second-class mail-matter at the Chicaf^o, III., Post-Offlce.)
Published Monthly at 50 cts. a Year, by George \V. York & Co., 118 W.Jackson Illvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, OCTOBER, 1907

VoL XLVII— No 30

editorial ^otes
and Comments

National Convention at Harrisburg

The last two days of this month (Oc-
tober 30 and 31) will be held the annual
convention of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association, at Harrisburg, Pa. It has
been many years since it met in Penn-
sylvania, where now there is a strong
State organization of bee-keepers.

From Chicago there will be a 10-day
rate at that time of $17 for the round-
trip, or a iS-day rate of $22.25, to the
Jamestown Exposition (Norfolk, Va.),
with stop-over privilege at Harrisburg
to attend the convention. With such
low rates and generous privileges, it
seems there should be a large number
of bee-keepers who would avail them-
selves of the opportunity to attend the
National convention of bee-keepers this
year. Pennsylvania will make every ef-
fort to have a successful meeting.

We hope that as many as possible
of the readers of the American Bee-
Journal will plan to go to Harrisburg.
It is a little less than a month now be-
fore the convention. We are hoping
to be present, but just now we can not
say definitely, as there are circumstances
over which we have no control that may
prevent our attendance this year.

The Honey Market for 1907

It is a mistake to hold on to honey
until too late, expecting an advance in
price that is never to come. On the
other hand it is a mistake to let it go
for any old price that may be offered,
said offering being based upon the fact
that the buyer who makes the offer has
already bought at a very low figure.
The amount bought at that low figure
may be merely a few pounds produced
by some ignorant bee-owner with few

colonies and less experience, and it is
hardly the right thing that such a trans-
action should be considered as settling
the price.

It is now very evident that the crop
is short, and there is no good reason
why the price should not be correspond-
ingly long. Even if the crop were of
the usual amount the upward tendency
of all prices in general demand that
honey should also advance. Taking both
condititfts together, scarcity of the arti-
cle and a general rise in prices, it cer-
tainly looks as if honey should be honey
this year. While there is a gratifying
advance in quotations in some cities, in
others there seems a tendency to keep
somewhat nearer old prices. The bee-
keeper will, of course, consider differ-
ence in prices, as also distance to differ-
ent markets, and be governed accord-
ingly. Above all, he should look out
for his home market, and not be in
haste to sacrifice the fruit of his sea-
son's labor.

panic wasting precious days before find-
ing out what to do.

Again, the insidious enemy may make
its appearance unsuspectedly, and be
spread throughout the whole apiary be-
fore he suspects it, whereas a little
reading would have enabled him to spot
it while it was still confined to a single
colony, allowing him to take precau-
tionary measures to prevent its further
spread.

As a practical authority on the sub-
ject, no one stands higher than the Ca-
nadian expert, Wm. McEvoy. As his
latest deliverance upon the subject, after
his mqny years of rich experience in
dealing with the pest in many apiaries,
will be found an article on another page
of this number, the said article being
copied from the Canadian Bee Jour-
nal. Its reading is heartily commended
to all who are as yet uninformed upon
the subject. Those who are informed
will probably read it anyhow.

New Way of Introducing Queens

The Alexander plan of introducing
2 or more queens into a colony may be
equally used for the ordinary introduc-
tion of a single strange queen. It has
the same advantage over the ordinary
candy plan that the Abbott plan has, in
that the colony is left queenless less
than 12 hours; and Mr. Alexander
claims in Gleanings that it is very much
easier than the usual candy plan.

Beginners Should Study Foul Brood Dr. Miller's Double-Queen Plan

The beginner who fails to read up on
the subject of foul brood, thinking that
it is time enough to do so when the
disease appears in his own apiary, is
making a serious mistake. After a time
he finds something unusual in one or
more of his colonies, and is frantic lest
it be foul brood, whereas if he had in-
formed himself he might have been
saved needless anxiety, since there may
be nothing in the case to excite need-
less alarm. Or, if the disease has really
appeared, it is of first importance that
he be informed in advance, ready intel-
ligently to identify it, and to know at
least something about what should be
done, instead of being thrown into a

Dr. Miller writes that while waiting
for Mr. Alexander to make known his
plan of getting several queens into the
same colony, he has been doing some
experimenting on his own account, and
has met with. entire success in part of
his trials. His plan is exceedingly sim-
ple :

Put into a provisioned cage 2 queens,
put the cage into a queenless colony, and
after 6 days' imprisonment let the queens
out upon the combs. That's all. This
takes considerably less of the bee-keep-
er's time than the Alexander plan, but
takes much more of the bees' time.
Moreover, it is doubtful if it is so safe.
The queens with which he succeeded

October, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

were 3 years old. He put into the same
cage 2 queens that had been laying only
a few days, and they showed fight. Pos-
sibly success might be obtained with any
2 queens, if, instead of being put in the
same cage, they were put into 2 differ-
ent cages and imprisoned in the same
hive. Certainly there could be no fight-
ing during the time of imprisonment
m the cages, and at the end of that
time they might be ready to be good to
each other.

Attachment of Sections to Separa-
tors

For some reason it sometimes happens
that a little bridge of wax is built be-
tween the separator and the sealed sur-
face of a section. This is more likely
to be the case if there is some crowd-
ing for room, which favors bar-combs in
general. Once in a while a colony seems
to have a special tendency in that di-
rection, many of the sections in each of
Its supers being thus fastened to the sep-
arators, and it is not a bad plan, at the
first convenient opportunity, to replace
the queen of such a colony with a queen
of better tendencies.
_ When this trouble exists, and the sec-
tions are taken out with no special care,
the capping is sure to be pulled awayi
resulting in a "bleeding" section. To
avoid this, before the sections are taken
Olit of the super, cut through the bridge
with a sharp knife having a thin blade
Still better, cut through with a heated
blade which melts the wax.

Extracting-Conibs on Till Close of
Season

Years ago the Dadants stood pretty
much alone in the practise of leaving
extractmg-combs on the hives till the
close of the season. With the idea
that more honey could thereby be ob-
tamed, in many cases honev was thrown
out of the comb when little or none of
It was sealed. Some claimed it could
be ripened out of the hive as well as in
Whether that be correct or not, the
tact was that it was not well-ripened in
most cases, and the amount of unripe
s^ff thrown upon the market had an
effect from which extracted honey suf-
fers till the present. It seems to be con-
ceded now that there is no real ?nin
m the amount obtained by extracn'nt^
before sealing; only loss in the quality
of the honey. Even if it were just as
well to extract one time as another, the
matter of convenience should incline
toward waiting till the rush of work at
the bees :s over. Artificial heat can
make the combs even warmer than when
just taken from the hives.

Comb Honey by Express

We have received he following in re-
gard to shipping comb-honey by ex-
press :

Editor American Bee Journal: —

Ought we not to do something to
make express companv employes handle
honey more carefully? If the sections
are in regular shipping-cases, with glass
fronts and hand-holes, why should
honey arrive in a great big mess? I
shipped a lot to New York, and 23

percent was smashed. Everybody knows,
of course, with what keen sense of re-
sponsibility and most delicate feeling our
trunks are dumped from the express-
car on the truck I Why such a fragile
article as honey should not be handled
carefully, I really do not understand.

Let us be up and doing, to bring some
pressure to bear upon the head men of
the express companies, so that they will
instruct their employes to exercise the
proper care in handling other people's
property. To patronize a concern, pay
for transporting charges, and then have
one's goods damaged and smashed, is an
outrage. C. T. Ohlinger.

Angelica, N. Y.

This, of course, is a serious matter to
bee-keepers who wish to send comb
honey by express. But it is a difficult
matter to ship comb honey safely if it is
not properly protected or packed. It
would seem that if the express com-
panies accept comb honey, they ought to
be held responsible for any damage to
it while in their hands.

This is a matter that the Committee
on Freight-Rates, of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, might well con-
sider. Why not have it brought up at
the Harrisburg convention, Oct. 30 and
31? ■

Two Queens or Moj-e in One Colony

A few months ago, the somewhat
.startling announcement was made in
Gleanings that E. W. Alexander had
succeeded in having in the same colony,
not separated by excluder zinc, but with
free access to each other, 2 or more
laying queens. Mr. Alexander has at
last made known the plan by which he
succeeds in accomplishing this, which
plan will be found on another page of
this number. A hasty reading may
make it seem to some that a good deal
of time and labor is involved in the
proceeding, but a careful study will
make this appear a good deal less.

It would be premature to say just
how successful others will be in carry-
ing out the plan until it has been thor-
oughly tried. For such trial many will
still have opportunity this fall. Of
course, all uniting of weak colonies
should have been done before this, but
equally, of course, some colonies are
likely still to be left that are not as
strong as might be desired. One or
more weaklings may have been left
merely for the chance of wintering over
their queens. If 2 such queens can be
induced to live peaceably together, the
chances of wintering over will be in-
creased by the union of the colonies.

Let it be urged that whoever tries
the plan should follow strictly the in-
structions given by Mr. Alexander. A
slight deviation in a single particular,
even if it seem of no consequence, may
bring failure. Let it be noted that al-
though it is only incidentally mentioned,
the first step in the process — removing
the queen and brood, and putting the
bees in the bo.x — is taken in the morn-
ing, giving from that time until sun-
down for the distress of the queenless
bees to reach its climax.

If it turns out that Mr. Alexander's
plan can be generally carried out with

success, it is hard to estimate its im-
portance. If nothing more could be
gained than the wintering over of one
or more e.xtra queens in a colony, that
alone would be an immense step in ad-
vance. But Mr. Alexander claims an-
other advantage that many will esti-
mate still more highly. He says he has
never had a colony with 2 or more
laying queens prepare to swarm. While
some might -not value this, there are
others who would gladly double to-
gether every pair of colonies in the
spring if they might be safe from all
anxiety about swarming.

Producing Best Extracted Honey

In the Bee-Keepers' Review for Au-
gust there is quite a little about produc-
ing well-ripened honey. On receipt of
that copy, Mr. R. A. Burnett, who is
perhaps the oldest honey dealer in Chi-
cago, wrote us the following comment :

Editor York : — The first two articles
in the Bee-Keepers' Review of August
make the blood in the writer circulate
with the freedom of youth. Just to
think that the wise editor has reached
the autumn of life before he knew what
he describes in these words:

"It is then perfectly ripened and all
sealed over, and has a body and flavor of
which I never dreamed until I put this
method into practice."

What practice? you may ask. It is
that of letting the bees complete their
sacrifice in ripening the honey in their
homes.

Mr. Townsend has proved for himself
that more honey than he can produce, of
a perfect quality, is needed to supply
those who once get a taste of such as
he describes. The writer has main-
tained for many years that the greatest
enemy of the bee-keepers is the bee-
keeper who offers unripe honey for
sale. If honey-producers will heed the
prayer of Mr. E. D. Townsend. uttered
in the last sentence of his article above
mentioned, it will bring them money,
and blessings. R. A. Burnett.

Chicago, August 28th.

The particular statement to which Mr.
Burnett refers is contained in tins from
Editor Hutchinson himself:

"In the frontispiece this month I am
showing you a view of the Morey apiary.
No honey has yet been taken off, but
you can see that we are to get a fair
crop, and by the time these lines greet
the eyes of my readers, much of the
extracting will have been done. You
see, we have plenty of supers and combs
or sheets of foundation, and vhcn a
colony is in need of more room it is
given, but all of the honey is left on
until the end of the season. It is then
perfectly ripened and all sealed over, and
has a body and flavor of which I never
dreamed until I put this method into
practice. The honey will be taken off
with bee-escapes, and then warmed up
artificially before it is extracted. One
end of the honey-house is partitioned
off, making a room 5x12 and six feet
high. By means of an oil stove we can
bring the temperature in this room up
to no degrees, if we wish, and 05 is
high enough. Honey warmed up arti-

October, 1907.

American liee Journal

679

-'^)>^^igfe»>i

ficially to as high a degree as it will
bear without softening the combs too
much, can be extracted quicker and
cleaner than honey as it usually comes
from the bees. Another thing, there is
no need of any hurry about it. Just
have plenty of supers, and pile them up
until the season is over, then take off
the honey with bee-escapes, and extract
it at your leisure. In this way, bee- '
keeping is robbed of much of its stren-
uousness. Of course, it is not absolute-
ly necessary to leave on all the honey
until the season is over. When the
honey in a super is all sealed over, it
may be removed, and such full supers
may be stacked up in the house until
we are ready to extract."

As the subject of producing only well-
ripened extracted honey is such a vital
one, not only to bee-keepers themselves,
but also to the dealers in honey, we
wish to make a few more extracts from
that same copy of the Review. The
following is written by Mr. E. D. Town-
send, a leading Michigan bee-keeper:

"Gr.\ding Extracted Honey."

"For several years our extracted
honey has been graded; that is, our
early, white honey for table use, with
our system of giving additional upper
stories on top, any partly - full upper
stories are on top at the close of the
season, when we do our extracting. Of
course, with this way of managing, es-
pecially as we try to have every upper
story possible sealed, and finished, still,
with all^ the precaution one can take
along this line, with these 50-pound-ca-
pacity upper stories, there will be a
good many partly-full upper stories at
the close of the season, the best we
can do. The way we manage to get
our superior grade of honey that sells
for one or 2 cents above the market
price, is to take off all these partly-full
upper stories, and extract them by
themselves. As they are all on top,
this is not much additional labor, and,
in a good season, this first extract-
ing will not amount to more than one-
fourth the crop. We call this grade
No. I, as even this, our lowest grade,
is superior to the ordinary honey on
the market.

"Another way, where one has two ex-
tractors, and a little more time, is to
set up two extractors, near together for
convenience, then run all the partly-
sealed combs through an extractor be-
fore uncapping. In this way, we get
a larger percent of the superior grade
of honey, but it is some more work.
With this latter plan the unsealed honey
is not of as good quality as our No. I
mentioned above, and ought to go for
some other purpose than table use. This
plan of using two extractors, originat-
ed with me. and our whole crop at the
Kalkaska County yard was handled this
way during season of 1905.

"The reason for using two extractors
is that the sealed combs of honey would
get so cold standing around, waiting
their turn, that it would be impossible
to extract the honey unless it was re-
turned to the bees to be warmed up.
If one had artificial heat to apply in
the latter case, it would work fine. Some
of the slickest, cleanest, drycst combs I

ever extracted were heated up arti-
ficially.

"I'KOUUCiNG AN AktJCLE THAT ENABLES
TilE i'uOUUCER TO SeT THE PriCK.

"It will not be necessary to tell the
experienced extracted honey producer
that this hoiu;y, after being left on the
hive clear through the season, then, hav-
- ing all the latest-gathered and unsealed
honey taken away, and kept in a grade
by itself, that we would be likely to get
a fine article; more, it would be the
acme of perfection. Isn't the system
very simple.' Just add a few more up-
per stories, keep giving the bees more
comb-room clear through the season,
then leave it as long as there is no dan-
ger of getting dark, or inferior, honey
mixed with it, even if it is the last of
August, if you have no fall Mow, and
I assure you, you will not regret it.
You will have an article in a class by
itself. To find its value, you do not
have to look at a market quotation. You
make customers; there is a scramble
for it.

"Any one producing the ordinary arti-
cle of honey one finds on the market,
is not only losing much on his own crop,
but is a very great damage to the fra-
ternity at large. It is an undisputed
fact, that every pound of good honey
that is put on the market increases the
det:iand for honey, while every pound
of inferior honey decreases the demand.
Can't you see how the land lays? Have
you been producing just the ordinary
honey in the past? Has the price been
unsatisfactory, and the sales slow and
far between? If so, there is a better
way. The better way is so simple that
there is not a particle of excuse, for not
practicing it. Brother bee-keeper, let
us produce just a little better Jioney
during 1907 than we did in 1906."

The following are two of Mr. Hutch-
inson's editorials, taken from the same
number of the Review, as they bear di-
rectly upon- the subject under considera-
tion ;

"Get Good Prices for Your Honey and
Don't Fool It Away.

"Last winter and spring were terri-
bly hard on bees; the mortality was
great. Then, on top of this, came an
almost total failure of the white honey
crop. The result is one of the shortest
honey crops that this country has ex-
perienced in a long time.

"The National pure food law has cut
out the glucose competition and large-
ly removed the suspicion of adultera-
tion.

"Coupled with all of the foregoing
comes a general advance in the price
of nearly all commodities, and bee-
keepers certainly ought not to be so
far behind the times as to neglect to
take advantage of this opportunity; or,
rather, to claim what is rightfully theirs.
I do not advise the 'asking of an ex-
orbitant price, even if it could be ob-
tained; and it can't, as honey is a lux-
ury (not a staple like bread, meat and
potatoes) and few people will pay a
fancy price for it.

"Under these circumstances, I think
strictly first-class, white, extracted hon-
ey should bring 10 cents at wholesale,
and the same grade of comb honey at

least 16 cents. I believe any man having
any of that grade of honey can secure
those prices between now and January
if he only holds on to his honey and
takes the proper course to secure cus-
tomers. 1 am already getting orders
for my honey at that price; but there
is occasionally a retail dealer who
'balks' at that price, saying his trade
will not allow him to pay that figure.
The prices at which honey has been re-
tailed in the past will not allow such
a price at wholesale, but retail prices
must be advanced, and there never was
an opportunity like the present for ad-
vancing them— 'there is a reason.' Re-
tail dealers must explain to their cus-
tomers that bees died largely as the
result of the late cold spring, that the
clover harvest was almost a failure,
and the result is a very short crop with
the consequent advance in price. Call
attention to the additional fact that the
prices of nearly everything are advanc-
ing— people know this, and can compre-
hend why the prices of honey should
also be advanced. A little careful ex-
planation like this on the part of the
retailer will enable him to put the price
of honey where it ought to be under
the circumstances."

"How 10 Get Good Prices."

"I have urged my readers to ask a
good price for their honej-, but simply
asking is not enough. It is a very easy
matter to ship off a crop of honey to
some dealer and get the ordinary, rul-
ing market price for it. If you wish to
secure more than the market price, then
some effort must be put forth. In the
first place, there must be some reason
why a good price shall be received.
Take my own case, for instance; my'
honey is not ordinary honey, it is rasp-
berry honey. 1 hen it is thoroughly
ripened — lett on the hives weeks alter
it is capped over — and is thick, rich and
delicious; and it is put up in bright,
new 60-pound cans, it is impossible to
produce an article superior to this.
Having produced such a fine article,
and put a proper price upon it, the next
step is to let consumers know about it —
advertise it and send out samples. I
am now advertising it in three of the
bee-journals. Of course this costs some-
thing, and if a man were to be in the
business only a year it might not pay
him, but a man can gradually build
up a trade, and secure a class of cus-
tomers that will buy his honey year after
year without any advertising. 1 am now
receiving orders from men who bought
honey of me last year. They don't
even ask for samples; they say, 'If your
honey is like that of last year, you may
send me so many cases,' and they send
on the cash.

"Now, friends, isn't it worth while to
have such a trade? To be able to sell
your honey year after year to the same
men — those who are willing to pay 3"0U
from one to 2 cents a pound above
market price, and send cash with the
order, because they know that no finer
honey can be produced, and that it is
worth what you ask for it? The whole
thing can be told in a few words : Pro-
duce honey of superior quality, and
then let consumers know about it — the
latter is fully as important as the first."

October, 1907.

American l^ee Journal|

Does the Queen Will the Egg-Sex?

Some maintain that the size of the
cell decides automatically the sex of the
egg laid in it. To this it is replied
that if the cells are only }i inch deep,
the queen still lays the proper egg in
the corresponding cell, as a general rule,
only sometimes when drone-comb is in
the way, and she does not desire to lay
drone-eggs, she fills these drone-cells
with fertilized, or worker, eggs; and
so it is perhaps the general belief that
the will of the queen decides whether
each egg, as it is laid, shall be impreg-
nated or not.

Dr. Miller, in Gleanings, declares he
does not know which theory is correct,
but says that in the few cases he has
known of worker-eggs being laid in
drone-cells the workers have always nar-
rowed the mouths of the cells by mak-
ing a heavy margin of wax, and wants
to you, you know, why it is that if the
sex of the egg depends upon the will
of the queen she can not will to lay
eggs in drone-cells without any bother
of first narrowing the mouths of the
cells.

Spring Stimulation of Brood-Rearing

Allen Latham says in the American
Bee-Keeper :

"Few bee-keepers escape and fewer re-
sist the temptation to practice brood-
stimulation in spring. Some succeed ap-
parently in their efforts and tell of their
success, while many fail and say noth-
ing about their failures. That brood-
stimulation is a matter to be let alone —
let severely alone — by the novice is ac-
knowledged by all who are honest in
their advice and to their own convic-
tion."

In support of his belief he then re-
lates how, during the past inclement
spring, he gave special care to the bees
in his home apiary, while 8 colonies
a mile and a half away were left se-
verely alone, and these neglected colo-
nies came out stronger than the others.
The neglected colonies were in larger
hives than the others, and the ques-
tion may be raised whether this item
made no difference.

Get a Bee-Book — Good Advice

The editor of the Irish Bee Journal
puts it in this wise : "The height of folly
is to try making money by bees without
a thoroughly reliable book of instruc-
tions." And that's just as true in this
country as in Ireland. A man with only
a single colony of bees can gain or save
enough in a single season, oftentimes, to
pay for a te.xt-book on bee-keeping twice
over. If you can not have both a bee-
book and a bee-paper, by all means have
the bee-book first, and then the period-
ical as soon after as you can.

Speaking of bee-books, that same Irish
editor — Rev. J. G. Digges — has writtten
the "Irish Bee-Guide," a book which has
had high words of praise, and no one
familiar with the bright scintillations of
wit in the Irish Bee Journal could be
easily persuaded that a book written by
Its editor would be very dull reading.

flews -ItGms

The National's Membership

It is still growing. On September 26
it had a total of 2471 members. Surely
more than enough will come in before
the Harrisburg convention, Oct. 30 and
31, to put it away over the 2500 mark
mentioned some time ago. There are
many of our readers who should become
members at once. Send $1.00 to N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis., which will pay
a year's dues.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is the greatest organization of bee-
folks on this continent. If all will lend
a hand, it will increase in power and
usefulness as the years come and go.
If you, dear reader, are not now a mem-
ber, better join today.

such as was afforded by the leaves of
the tree.

They had been there long enough to
have some sealed brood, and a larger
quantity of larvae and eggs, and in a
short time would have been hatch-

Apiary of M. A. Salazar

Mr. W. H. Laws, of Beeville, Tex.,
sent us the following taken from a local
newspaper, last June :

Yesterday morning M. A. Salazar
hived the most remarkable swarm of
bees, in some respects, that has ever
been seen in the Falfurrias Country.

These bees — a big swarm — were act-
ually building comb, storing honey, etc.,
among the branches of a tree near Mr.
Salazar's house on West Rice Street.
They were as busily at work as if they
had been at home in a hive, and, con-
trary to the usual bee laws and regula-
tions, were building comb and rearing

An Out-Door Colony

ing out, had nothing happened to
interfere with them, but Mr. Salazar
decided to put them in a more up-to-
date hive. No one knows where the
swarm came from, but Mr. Salazar is
certain they used good judgment in

I

Apiary of M. A. Salazar

brood as though intending to make their
permanent home in the open light of
day, and without the slightest protec-
tion from sun, wind and rain, except

stoppmg near his large apiary.

Mr. Laws also kindly sent us the ac-
companying pictures which were on ,
souvenir postal cards.

October, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

Getting a Late Honey Crop

In a letter from Mr. C. P. Dadaiit, of
Ilaniilton, 111., dated Sept. 11, lie wrote
as follows:

"Our boys are now slad lliat they
kept piisliiiiK tlie bees that looked so
bad in the spring, for they are now be-
ing rewarded with one of the latest
crops of honey we ever. had. It was
fully Aug. 20 before the bees started
to .store in good earnest, but wc now
feel sure of over 15,000 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, which is more than could
be expected after such a backward sea-
son."

Wc hope that the foregoing experi-
ence W'ill be general throughout the
whole country. If it is, the bees will not
only enter winter quarters well supplied
with stores, but the fall crop of lioney
will go quite a distance toward helping
to make up for the loss of the white
honey crop. Then if we can have a
good honey season next year, every-
thing in beedom may be evened up all

right.

♦^

Advertising Honey For Sale

We have received the following from
Mr. Jay North, wdio offered 1,500 pounds
of extracted honey for sale through a
small advertisement one time in the
American Bee Journal :

Editor York : — Please drop my ad-
vertisement from your next issue, as
my clover honey is all sold. It went
fast at the 10 cents a pound.

This is the first time I ever advertised
my honey, and can say that I am well
pleased with the results.

J.\Y North.

If you have any good honey to sell,
why not do as Mr. North did? An ad-
vertisement in the American Bee Jour-
nal should do as well for you.

Apiarian Exhibit of C. M. Nichols

The picture herewith shows the ex-
hibit of bees, honey, etc., made by Mr.
•C. M. Nichols, at the recent Michigan
State Fair at Detroit, and also at the
West Michigan Fair held at Grand Rap-

ids. We understand that he won a
large share of the prizes and honors
at both Fairs, and cash premiums
amounting to over $200. Besides this
he sold quite a lot of honey at fancy
prices to the fair officials and others.

The Grand Rapids Daily Herald com-
ments very interestingly on the exhibit
made by Mr. N'ichol.',, calling it the most
fascinating and instructive exhibit to
man, woman, and child. The display
stood out in bold relief, its inviting rows
of pure extracted honey in various sizes
and shapes of glass bottles being at-
tractive to the eye as well as to the
appetite of those having a sweet tooth.

Mr. Nichols operates 5 bee-yards,
which makes him one of the leading
bee-keepers of Michigan. He exhibited
bees in over 30 observation hives, be-
sides having a large screen-covered
cage which he entered and demonstrate!
the various manipulations of bees. This
and many other features of his exhibit
made it the most instructive and at-
tractive on the grounds.

While the staging and care of such an
exhibit as Mr. Nichols showed at the
two Fairs referred to mean a lot of
work and expense, we believe there is
no better way in which to interest the
public in honey. Surely there are no
other exhibits that always attract so
much attention as those of the apiary
department of any Fair.

Mr. Caley's Cleome Apiary

When sending the picture shown on
the front page this month, Mr. G. D.
Caley, of Cozad, Neb., wrote as fol-
lows:

Editor York : — I have about 50 colo-
nies of bees, but the plants are so large
that they hide part of the hives. It is
Rocky Mountain Bee-plant, or Cleome
intcgrifolia. I think it is one of the
best bee-plants we have in Nebraska.
The bees work on it from daylight till
dark. G. D. Caley.

Mr. Caley attended the San Antonio
convention of the National last Novem-
ber, when we had the pleasure of meet-
ing him. He is also an old-time friend
of the American Bee Journal and sub-

scriber thereto. His Cleome or Rocky
Mountain Bee-Plant apiary is certainly
very attractive. Cleome is a beautiful
plant, growing 4 or 5 feet high, and
branching out several feet. We remem-
ber seeing it for the first time when
attending the Denver meeting of the
National several years ago. It is a
rich honey-plant.

A Spanish Bee-Paper

For the second time, an attempt is
being made to publish a bee-paper in
Spain. This magaizne, entitled, "La
Apicultura Espanola," is published at
Barcelona, Spain, by Mr. Pons-Fabre-
gues, who is an enthusiastic bee-keeper,
and has already published several works
on bees, translated from the French. We
trust he may make a success of his new
venture. July and August numbers are
the first of this paper.

Mr. Strong at the Clarinda Fair

i\Ir. J. L. .Strong, of Clarinda, Iowa,
made an interesting exhibition at the
Clarinda Fair recently. He had a cage
made of screen-wire, in which he placed
a colony of bees that he manipulated
at various times during each day of the
fair. As usual it was a very attractive
demonstration. Mr. Strong is one of
the best informed bee-keepers in Iowa,
as well as perhaps its leading queen-
breeder.

.^

"Honey-Guides" for the Bees

The following is taken from the New
York Christian Advocate, which may
interest the younger members of the
family, even if it is quite fanciful:

"Mother, what are those lines on the
morning-glory for?"

"Those are honey-guides," said moth-
er. "Each one of these lines runs into
the center of the flower where the honey-
is. God put them there, so when a bee
a-lights on a flower it can go right to
the honey ; and that is what the bees go
into the flower for, you know — to get
the honey in the center of the flower.
Now go out and sit under the morning-

.\i'iARi.\.\' Exhibit of C. .M. Nichols. .\t Twh .Michiga.\ F.A1K^

682

October, 1907.

American l^ee Journal

glory vines and watch the bees for a lit-
tle while, and see for yourself."

So Nellie ran out of the house. "Oh,
mother!" she cried, "the bee did fol-
low the line right up from the outside
to the middle of the flower, and she got
some funny yellow stuff on her, too."

"That was pollen," said mother; "the
bee will take that home to feed the ba-
bies."

"Well, isn't that queer?" said Nellie,
and she ran back to learn some more
about the bees. ■

Great Big "Bee-Cave"

In the Australian Bee-Bulletin ap-
pears the following item :

"The biggest bee-hive in the world is
in Kentucky, and is known as the"Mam-
moth Bee-hive." It is in reality a huge
cave, the main compartment being 150
feet high, while the floor covers 10 acres
in extent."

Wonder where our Australian con-
temporary came across that item. Ev-
ery school-boy knows about the Mam-
moth Cave in Kentucky, but has any
one ever heard of bees in it?

Bee-Keeping in Bermuda

The following relating to bee-keeping
in Bermuda is copied from a letter sent
to a friend of ours in New York State :

Bee-Keeping has been tried several
times here in Bermuda during the last
20 years, the last time by a Mr. Morri-
son, who afterward became bee-inspec-
to Sir Daniel Morris' Department in the
West Indies; but all failed to make it
pay, for in our damp climate the bees
became sluggish and would not work.
In Jamaica they have two crops called
"logwood" and "mango," each of which
is equivalent to our heather at home.
Here in Bermuda we have a few scat-
tered flowers all the year around.

T. J. Harris.

Public Gardens, Bermuda, Aug. 30.

British Bee-Keepers' Guide-Book

We have just received a copy of the
new edition of "The British Bee-Keep-
ers' Guide-Book," by Mr. Thos. Wm.
Cowan, of London, England. It is al-
most entirely re-written, and has many
new illustrations. The chapter on dis-
eases of bees is perhaps the most com-
plete that has yet been printed. This
present edition consists of 19,000 copies,
and is the 69th thousand. There are
not only 4 extra lines on each page over
the former editions, but there are 46
extra pages. A most excellent portrait
of our good friend, the author, Mr.
Cowan (who is also editor of the Brit-
ish Bee Journal) graces the page front-
ing the title-page. It is a book that
should find a place in every bee-keeper's
library. It is also a gem typographically
and mechanically.

Pleased with the Monthly

We have received the following from
an Iowa subscriber :

Editor Americ.\n Bee Journal: — In
regard to the change of the American
Bee Journal from a weekly to a monthly,

I will say that I subscribed for it just
because it was a weekly at that time.
I have noticed that many a hint came
along weekly just when wanted, but if
I had to either wait a month for the
expected help or remember it a month
my recollection of the matter would be
a little indistinct. However, your July
and August numbers are so attractive
and full of good matter that the change
may be for the better, just the same.
I enclose you a list of bee-keepers whose
names I have gathered, and hope they
will all subscribe for your paper. Please
send them sample copies and go after
them, and keep after them.

Yours truly, John Egenes.

Queen-Mating Station

At the Colorado convention, as re-
ported in the American Bee-Keeper, an
animated discussion took place regard-
ing the establishment of a station to
which virgin queens could be sent, to
be there mated and returned. This
scheme is carried out with satisfaction
in Switzerland, and there is no reason
why it might not be as successful in
this country.

■*■

Central Tennessee Convention

The Central Tennessee Bee-Keepers'
Association met at the rooms of the

Nashville Board of Trade, on Satur-
day, Aug. 31, with about 25 members
in attendance. Pres. J. M. Davis occu-
pied the chair, and J. M. Buchanan was
Secretary.

Mr. Leslie Martin read a very inter-
esting paper on. "1 he Different Races
of Bees," and Mr. Davis gave an in-
structive talk on "The Queen-Bee." The
question-box was opened, and various
topics of interest were discussed.

It was decided to make a nice ex-
hibit of bees and bee-products at the
Tennessee State Fair, Sept. 23 to 28. In
connection with the exhibit will be held
a daily bee-demonstration in a wire
cage. Sept. 26 was named as "Bee-
Keepers' Day" at the Fair.

Several new members were received,
and the prospects for the success of the
Association are very bright.

The convention adjourned to meet at
the call of the Executive Committee.
J. M. Buchanan, Sec.

Northern Illinois Convention

The annual meeting of the Northern
Illinois and Southern Wisconsin Bee-
Keepers' Association will be held in
Freeport, 111., in the Supervisor's room
in the Court House, on Tuesday, Oct.
15, 1907. All interested in bees are in-
vited to attend. B. Kennedy, Sec.

iouthern

Conducted by LOUIS H. SCHOLL, New Braunfeis, Te.K.

Bulk or Chunk Honey, Etc.

Mr. Scholl: — -\re we not liable to
get in a mess here by producing so
largely chunk honey? Think what a
fix one with a carload of the stuff would
be in if the market here in the South
should be more than supplied, and it
must be shipped to a colder climate.
Mr. Toepperwein says he is having a
great deal of trouble, and advises bee-
keepers to heat their honey to 150 de-
grees to prevent granulation. Now it
seems to me a way might be devised,
and laid before the bee-keepers of Tex-
as, that would reduce this danger to a
minimum, and cheapen the production
of fancy comb honey at the same time.

I am thinking of fitting an apiary for
producing comb honey without separa-
tors, so as to avoid so much outlay of
cost on the start, time in cleaning sepa-
rators, and getting plump sections — sec-
tions which to my views are superior to
the much-praised plain section. I must
confess, however, that I have had but
little experience w'ith comb honey, and
that was so long ago that I am not cer-
tain as to facts. I am of the opinion

that comb, foundation put carefully in
the center of sections and given only to
good, strong colonies — better perhaps to
those that have been started on a shal-
low set of extracting combs — would be
completed, with few exceptions, so that
they would crate as well as the plain
sections, or it may be a little better.
I would use the same kind of super
that supply-dealers advise for shallow
extracting combs, and practice Mr. Dan-
zenbaker's method of moving sections
to the center for finishing when the
season was poor, but tier up when the
season was good. It might be better
to use a separator to every other sec-
tion-holder, but I doubt it.

If a colony did not prove its ability
to do first-class work, go up into every
section at once, and complete in good
shape, better let them give you the good,
old-fashioned extracted honey which
the pure food law is apt to make a
market for, and you will then have a
honey you can liquefy without trouble.
If we do have many uncratable sections,
the chunk-honey plan will catch them.
If we could use for a small package_ a
large-mouthed can or jar, so that a lit-

October, 1907.

American Hee Joarnai|

tie healing around the sides when left
in moderately hot water would enable
the consumers to remove it, it would,
it seems to me, be an excellent plan.
Any one who has melted honey con-
taining comb knows the effect on the
flavor of it.

Mr. Tocpperwein, to whom I have
written concerning transporting comb
honey, refers me to you as best pre-
pared to furnish the desired informa-
tion. I wish to know if it is much
damaged when shipped a distance.
What is the cost by freight to, say, Kan-
sas? As I am planning to engage large-
ly in the production of honey — chunk,
section, and extracted — I would be glad
to know which to give the lead. Your
opinion will be highly valued. It seems
to me to be a good plan to bring the
subject up in your Dep.irtment for dis-
cussion. "In the counsel of many there
is wisdom." J. B. Colton.

Olmito, Texas, July 22.

It does not seem to me that it is a-
serious matter to dispose of any quan-
tity of good honey, either comb or ex-
tracted, provided it is rightly done. The
greatest trouble that confronts us, as
bee-keepers, is the marketing of our crop,
and it is no other's fault save our own.
We know how to produce a crop of
honey year after year, if these are fav-
orable, but that is generally all. We
must have somebody else to market our
honey, and that one gets our profits.
We must make up our minds to pay
more attention to proper marketing of
our own honey; to distribute it prop-
erly, and to get profitable returns for
our honey and our efforts.

Neither does it seem to me that there
would then be any glut in the markets
so that we could not profitably dispose
of our bulk comb, or any other kind
of honey. It is true that a good deal
of the early honey from some points
in southwest Texas did granulate this
year on the market, but this can, should,
and must be avoided. It can be done
simply by heating the liquid honey to
150 degrees, Fahr., which does not hurt
it in any way. Do not heat it hotter.
Some honeys will stand it, but others
will not. The honey in the comb will
hardly granulate, and with this heated
extracted honey poured over it, our
bulk comb can safely be put on the
market.

With the experience I have had in
the production of section honey, last-
ing through 5 or 6 years, I would not
now go back to that way of producing
comb honey with its labor and expense,
and the "fussing" to produce a saleable
article that brings little more than the
comb honey that is so easily produced
in larger frames, with less work. .And
I would never attempt to produce sec-
tion honey without separators. Neither
would I think of using all those un-
cratable and unfinished sections for bulk
comb honey. It would be far too ex-
pensive. Instead of rigging up for pro-
ducing section honey as you propose, I
would rig up for the production of
bulk comb honey, using shallow extract-
ing frame supers. Then, when there is
no market for bulk comb (?"), why, sim-
ply extract the combs, for there will
surely ahvays be a market for extracted

honey. All unfinished combs not fit for
bulk comb honey are extracted, and
there is no loss. The profits, however,
here in the South, will be greater than
if you "fuss" with section honey.

The difference in the price is not
large enough ; besides, section honey in
glass shipping-cases goes at double first-
class freight, while comb-honey in cases,
and cases in wooden cases, like extract-
ed, goes at fourth-class rates.

Considering all this is why we are
all producing bulk comb honey instead
of sections, as wc used to do.

De Bizzy Honey-Bee.

"No one's makin' speeches

'Cep de honey-bee.
De principles she teaches

Sounds ritiht sensible to me.
She says: 'Keep lookin' foh de sweets

Dat's growin* everywhere;
An' if some no-'count weeds you meets

Pass on an' don't you care.*

"As she comes a-bringin*

De goods f um 'roun' de farm.
She say: 'A little singin*

Ain't gwjneter do no harm.*
I tells you, lots of us would get

Mo* joy f'um life if we
Kep' follerin* de example set

By de bizzy Honey-Bee.*'

— Washington Star.

Caucasian Bees vs. Italian Bees

I haVe not seen much pro and con
about the Caucasian bees from the
Southern bee-keepers. Surely they have
them under test and will report from
time to time. It has been said that
we have much inferior honey in the
South, and it is true in many locations,
and can be attributed only to the fact
that the bees do not give it the proper
attention while evaporating and capping
it. They quit it too soon, and the re-
sult is that it soon sours, or ferments.
Also, granulation will begin sooner than
it should.

It is the thin honey that gives us the
most trouble, and the fact is that the
bees do not give it a body. The black
bees do not gather much of the thin
or inferior honey, but other strains do,
and it often gives them a lot of trou-
ble. I have seen the Italian bees recap
it many times, until cappings were li
of an inch thick. This is all they seem
to know to do to it, when the trouble
was that they capped it too soon.

I have always found this fault in the
Italian bees, that they are too hasty
about capping their honey. If there is
a check in the honey-flow for a few
days, they will cap the honey and not
give it the attention they should.

Cotton is becoming a great honey-
plant here. It is yielding better each
season. I can remember when it was
considered only a pollen-plant. Now we
get from 25 to 100 pounds of surplus
honey per colony from it, and our bees
winter on it. But its honey is thin, and
soon ferments, and is not wholesome.

The Caucasian bees are giving this
and other thin honey a good body. This
fact is not due to season or locality,
for in the same yards, side by side, the
honey of the Italian colonies had soured
when we got around to extracting,
while that of the Caucasian was as fine

honey as we ever produced, and shows
no sign of souring nor granulating, and
they gathered more of it, too. It has a
heavy body, and the flavor is very much
improved.

In a previous article I mentioned
some of their good qualities, and at the
same time I noticed the care they were
giving their honey, but only mentioned
that they gave me a surplus of a few
pounds of nice comb honey. Now that
I have tested them extensively, I send
another report.

I might also add that the Caucasians
have as large a brood-nest as other
strains of bees, but better compacted.
They are very quiet on their comb while
handling them. They cap their brood
and honey more evenly than other races,
raise the caps about as the black bees
do, and have a beautiful appearance.
Also, they are great cell-builders. Dur-
ing the flow of our best honey, the Ital-
ians kept pace with them very well.

Crisp Co., Ga. J. J. Wilder.

Not Good Fall Prospects-
Superseding Young Queens

I could not help having a feeling of
regret come over me when I read the
announcement in the June issue of the
good old American Bee Journal, that
in the future it would be issued only
monthly. It seems to me there surely
are bee-keepers enough in this broad
land of ours to support a weekly jour-
nal, if they take the interest they
should.

Fall Prospects.

The prospects for fall honey are any-
thing but good this year, and I expect
that a good many will make the same
mistake as last year — that is, extract
too close, leaving the bees in almost
destitute condition for winter. If we
get a fall crop in this portion of the
State it will be something very unex-
pected, indeed, for our main source
for fall honey (brooniweed) is a fail-
ure this year, and we would need to
have one of those "unexpected" honey-
flows if we get any more honey this
year.

The above is not given for the true
state of affairs throughout the State of
Texas, but for this locality. You know
Texas is a large State, and weather con-
ditions vary considerably.

SUPERSEDURE OF YOUXO QCEENS.

We have had more new experience
this year with the bees. Last fall one
of my best colonies of bees commenced
to supersede their queen, which was in
her 4th year. But as fast as they would
build and cap the cells. I would re-
move them to nuclei with the hope of
getting a choice lot of queens from one
of my best breeders, and I succeeded
in getting 12 or 14 nice young queens,
from these cells, to laying before the
old queen died. Like most cells built
in the natural way. the queens that
hatched from them were large and well
developed, and all proved to be good
layers last spring. They are among my
best colonies. Now here is the strange
part of the proceedings to me : Some
5 or 6 of those young queens have al-

October, 1907.

^ American ^cc Journal

ready been superseded by the bees be-
fore they were a year old. Whether
this was accidental, or was caused from

the peculiar season, I can not tell. Who
will offer a suggestion? L. B. Smith.
Rescue, Tex.

I^endering Combs into Bees-
wax

BY C. M. DOOLITTLE.

A correspondent writes thus : "My
bees have black brood, or at least the
inspector says they have, and I wish
to try to cure them by the shaking-off
process. This will leave me with a lot
of old brood-combs to render into wa.x.
Now I wish you would tell us through
the columns of the American Bee Jour-
nal how I can best do this."

It would seem from tlie many articles
given on this subject that no more
should be necessary ; yet I am aware
that beginners are constantly entering
our ranks, and for these, the articles
in the papers during the past are not
usually at their command.

There are different ways of rendering
wax, the heat of the sun, that of steam,
and hot water, being those of most
common use. For cappings from combs
and the general accumulation of odds
and ends of comb from the apiary, the
solar wax-extractor is the one that I
use and would recommend. With it I
have no trouble in securing from 98 to
100 percent of the wax in the material
put into it. And as an ordinary mortal
can make one of these extractors dur-
ing a spare day or two during the win-
ter, when the common run of bee-keep-
ers are not pressed for time, no apiary
sliould be without one of these extrac-
tors.

The steam wa.x-extractors I know
very little about, except the smaller ones
of the past, such as the "Swiss," etc.
These did their work quite well, but
were slow, and required a cost for fuel
which is eliminated with the solar. But
for a lot of old combs, filled more or
less with cocoons, pollen, etc., I know
of nothing better than boiling water in
a cajldron or other kettle fixed some-
thing as follows:

Instead of hanging the kettle over
the fire as is usually done, take a meas-
ure of the kettle on the outside, a lit-
tle way up from the bottom, and go to
your blacksmith and tell him you wish
a piece of old, heavy wagon-tire welded
so that the inside shall represent your
measure. To this you want three or
four (the latter being preferable) square
or round bars of iron welded, at equal
distances apart, for four legs. These
should be of suitable size to give
strength enough to support the weight
of the kettle and contents, and long
enough to raise the kettle from 4 to 6

inches from the ground at its lowest
point.

After getting the kettle-holder home,
place 4 flat stones just under the sur-
face of the ground where you wish the
kettle to stand, at proper places, so that
each leg will rest on one, having it at
such a point or place as will be handy
for all of the work done with such a
kettle, such as heating water for many
purposes, boiling food for stock, etc.,
for the smallest part for our iron friend
will probably be the rendering of wax.

Aher once having the kettle fixed in
this way, you will never go back to any
of the old ways of "hanging" a kettle,
if you are at all like the writer. Be-
sides the kettle, you will want a sack
made of burlap or some other stout,
open cloth, which you are to fill with
the old comb, stamping it in so as to
get all in as compact a condition as
possible.

Next take a piece of 4-inch soft-wood
plank, or two pieces of 2-inch plank
spiked together will answer, though not
quite so good. Now, round one side of
this, so it will fit the bottom of the ket-
tle, leaving the other flat. To the flat
side fasten (by cleats or otherwise') a
standard of suitable length, which
should be flattened at the top and have
several holes bored in it. Then get a
.•?x4-inch scantling, or a suitable pole
from the woods, and mortice through it
near one end for the top of the stand-
ard you have made, boring a hole
through it in an opposite direction for a
pin or bolt to pass through it and the
standard. Besides this \'OU will want a
log-chain, which is usually near at hand
about all farm houses. Having these
things we are ready to fill the kettle
two-thirds full of water and start the
fire under it. In doing this use only
light fuel so as not to have a hot fire
after the water boils; for, if otherwise,
it would be too warm for agreeably
working around it, and after consider-
able wax was in the water it might boi!
over.

Having the sack stamped full of the
old combs, tie the mouth of it and put
it in the boiling water. After allowing
it to boil 3 or 4 minutes, with an old
hoe press and squeeze the sack against
the sides and bottom of the kettle, roll-
ing it over each time as you press. The
wax will rise with each pressing of the
sack: and if the old comb is not all
in the sack, you can soon raise the
mouth of it out from the water, and
after it has cooled a little so you can

handle it, untie, fill up and re-tie again,
and so on till all is in.

When all the old comb is in the
sack, and has been worked with the
hoe several times, fasten each end of
the log-chain to the ears of the kettle,
or, if the kettle has no ears, fasten on
either side of the kettle-holder, while
the middle of the chain is to be fastened
to the short end of the scantling or
pole. Now put the rounded plank end
of the standard on the sack and sink it
to the bottom of the kettle, whe'i the
top end is to be inserted in the mortise
in the pole, and the pin or bolt put
through the desired hole. Next, go to
the long end of the pole or lever and
see how you can make the wax rise by
bearing down. When bearing down,
sway the lever back and forth, and from
side to side, thus liberating the wax.
If you have your lever long enough, and
things fixed as they should be, you will
bring hundreds and thousands of pounds
to bear on the sack, and thus have a
better pressure than with any of the
wa.x-presses made, as none of these,
with which I am acquainted, can give
a rocking pressure while squeezing.

After a little you will have reduced
the bulk in the sack so you can again
shake the debris down and re-tie the
sack so that the plank end will cover
the whole, when with another pressure
with the rocking mol'on every last par-
ticle of wax can be brought out to rise
on top of the water in the kettle. Be-
ing sure that the wax is all out, you
can hang a weight on the lever and
leave it. Don't dip off the wax unless
you have lots of time, and consider it
only fun to do so, for 1 assure you that
the next morning you will find it all
caked nicely on top of the water, when
you can break it up and get it ready for
a second melting and moulding, which
all wax should have before being put
on the market or for using in making
foundation.

After taking off the wax. take out the
sack, empty out the refuse and rinse
and dry the sack, when it and the rest
of the implements used in this rendering
are to be stored away for future use.
I know the description of this seems
quite long, but I believe that in prac-
tice it is the shortest known process to
get out a large lot of wax from old
comb, and has to its advantage that no
large sum of money has to be paid out
for a wax press or extractor. If you
think the iron-kettle holder too expen-
sive, set the kettle on three stones.
If stones are used, they should first be
subjected to heat, else they may fly to
pieces and upset the wax.
Borodino, N. Y.

Syrup for Feeding Bees

BY OTTO LUHDORFF.

Many bee-keepers will have to feed
their bees again. We hear often of
sour honey in combs, of bees perishing
during winter, and often people do not
know w'hat the cause of it is. If bees
are short of stores, sugar syrup prop-
erly made is about as good as the best
honey; but not properly made, as for
instance is recommended in some cata-

October, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

logues for many years, it may often
cause disaster. A certain one has this:

"If you arc careless enough to let
your feeding go till late, use 4 parts su-
gar and 3 of water, and J<i pint of vine-
gar, or 10 pounds of good Iioncy, to the
100 pounds of syrup, to prevent granu-
lation," etc.

I beg to make the following remarks
concerning this recipe:

Most vinegar of bee-keepers is prob-
ably made at home by natural fermenta-
tion, and this same product is handled
by many storekeepers. Such vinegars,
if not pasteurized, contain generally
small quantities of fungi which will
cause later sour fermentation of the
thin honey. Great quantities of com-
mercial vinegar are made from wood
by distillation, and these are healthy and
safe, they contain no ferment. If the
vinegar naturally fermented is heated
up to 55 degrees Celsius, or about 131
degrees Fahrenheit, all fungi will be
destroyed, and as long as no new fungi
are formed the vinegar is healthy and
safe.

The addition of vinegar is recom-
mended to cause the cane-sugar to go
over into an article similar to honey — ■
in other words, to change the saccharose
(Ci2H220ii) into dextrose (+ C6H12-
06) and levulose (— C6H12O6).

But we can accomplish this same re-
sult without the dangerous vinegar, and
with absolute safety, if we take tartaric
acid or citric acid in place of vinegar.

A proper and safe recipe is: 100
pounds best cane-sugar, 100 pounds
water, and l-io pound tartaric acid or
citric acid. This should be boiled slow-
ly from 2 to 3 hours.

Late in the season the quantity of
water may be reduced, leaving the other
parts in the same proportion.

Visalia, Calif.

Wonderful Organs of the Bee

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

We often refer to man as at the head
of all God's creation, and I doubt not
but this is true, only, however, as the
greatest development of man — the brain
— stands in our estimation as the high-
est part of the animal organism. Man
is pre-eminent only in brain and hand.
I am free to say that in variety of func-
tion the honej-bee stands first — ahead
even of man himself. As function must
have organs, and special development,
so we are not surprised at the wonder-
ful developments that we find in our
study of the honey-bee.

The bee gathers honey and must have
special organs, and does have marvel-
ous development to do this work. We
know how the bee can get honey from
the deep flower-tubes, from a surface
on which the nectar is thinly spread,
and as easilj', and more quickly, from
a huge nectar-drop, such as is seen in
the linden-bloom and in the figwort, and
of course there must be, as we know
that there is, a marvelous development
of tongue and mouth organs to accom-
plis'h all of this. Man has learned,
through the supremacy of his brain, to
discount the bee in what he does — its
range and reach. Yet man has not to

depend upon his modified organs to do
his marvels — he fashions the means. He
makes his knife and chisel, while in the
case of the bee the knife and chisel are
a part of the bee herself.

The bee gathers propolis or bee-glue,
and bas her own cart as a part of her
bodily equipment, and has not to make
it of wood and iron. The same equip-
ment is used also to carry the pollen,
and other protcid food. In case of the
pollen there are additions, like pockets —
brushes, curiously modified hairs, all
useful to collect and carry the pollen,
which is the special and peculiar food-
clement of all bees. Indeed, we might
almost describe the great family of bees
as that family of insects that live wholly
or largely on pollen.

But there is another feature of bees
that is in some respects more interest- .
ing than all, as it concerns the form-
ation of a very peculiar secretion — wax
— and its manipulation to form comb.
We should expect that this would call
for extra modification of organs and
parts. We know that comb is one of
the most exquisite and delicate struc-
tures known to man, and so anything
that concerns its origin and formation
is, and nuist be, a subject of great in-
terest.

Wa.\-Glands.

Glands are the organs of secretion.
Our spittle comes from the salivary
glands. The function of a gland is to
take from the blood elements and form
the secretion. The secretion is not in
the blood, but its elements are, and the
gland has the wonderful power to se-
lect, from the great nourishing fluid,
just the substances that are needed to
form the special secretion.

The special agents of the gland that
do this work are the cells. There are
in every considerable gland, thousands,
often millions, of these little cells — the
real workers — that do this important
service. Cells are the most important
part of plant or animal, as all the work
of every kind performed in the body is
done by the cells. We have in an egg —
reall)' the yolk, the reaL egg — an exam-
ple of a cell. The blood discs or cor-
puscles are other illustrations, and the
individuals of the entire branch of ani-
mals known as Protozoa, consist of a
single cell. While almost all of these
Protozoans are microscopic, and so very
minute, there are some that can be seen
without the magnifier. The very minute
Sporozoan, that causes malaria, is one
of these Protozoans, and so is just a
cell, and so very small that we can
only see it as it is magnified many thou-
sand times.

The wax from which the incompara-
ble comb is formed, comes from glands
that are situated on the under side of
the worker-bee. just back of the thorax.
These are racemose glands, and are
much hke a bunch of grapes in appear-
ance. Of course, the grapes, in this
case, are very minute, and represent-
or are little sacks, the walls of which
are formed by the cells already de-
scribed. The stems of the grapes, and
the larger stems, are represented in
the glands by ducts, or tubes which carry
the secretion oflF. There are four of
these glands on each side, and so there

are formed eight wax-scales at a time.

I suppose that all glands have times
of rest. In many cases we know that
they are inactive at times. We know
that our salivary glands are only active
when we are eating, and the saliva or
spittle is needed. Milk-glands arc only
active at times of lactation, and then it
is proablc that only a part of the cells
are active, at any one time. It is curi-
ous about the wax-glands of bees. They
would seem to be wholly under the con-
trol of the bee. When wax is ncedea,
as when there is a lack of comb, and
more is to be made, then most, if not
all, of the bees are secreting the wax-
scales. .As in all cases that we know
of, the action of glands is wholly in-
voluntary, we may be pretty sure that
wax-secretion is involuntary on the part
of bees.

I have often wondered how it is that
the bee has, or seems to have, control
of this matter of wax-secretion. We all
know that when the bees need much
wax, they cluster in absolute quiet in
the top of the hive. In case they have
just swarmed — and this is usually the
case when they stand in greatest need
of comb, and so of wax — they have just
filled their stomach — honey-stomach —
to repletion with honey. I am inclined
to the opinion that the full stomach,
or surfeit of food, and the stay in all
exercise, give the wax-secretion.

We all have just about so much en-
ergy. If we spend this energy in one

way, we can not spend it in any other.
If we fret and worry we can do less
work; if our cattle are chased by dogs,
the cows will lose materially in milk.
I once milked a great shortcorn cow on
my Owosso, Mich., farm, and secured
14 quarts of milk. She was a very
large, heavy cow, in full flesh. The
next two days I led her to the Michigan
Agricultural College. I took two whole
days for this, and went very slow, as I
wished to do her no harm. I thought
that she could go safely 14 miles a day.
The night of the second day she gave
less than three quarts of milk. She did
not get over the strain all the year
through. I believe that the bees have
about so much enegy-, gauged by the
amount of food that they eat and digest.
If they cease from exercise, then this
energy goes to wax-secretion, and we
get the wax-scales and material for the
comb. If this is correct, then the bees
simply regulate wax-secretion by regu-
lation of habits. Much food and great
quiet means wa,x.
Claremont, Calif.

Have Bees Reasoning Powers?

BY \V. H. LAWS.

A few years ago in company with a
neighbor bee-keeper, we drove to his
apiary on the Nueces River. Casting
our eyes about the apiary we spied a
large swarm of bees hanging on a limb
about 6 or 7 feet from the ground.
Taking a hive, we at once prepared to
hive it. On examination we found the
bees had built several large sheets of
comb, as I remember, the center one
was nearly as large as a dinner-dish.
And there was an abundance of sealed

American l^ae Journal]

October, 1907.

brood and some little honey over the
present needs of the colony. This was
about sunset, and, on disturbing the
swarm, they very promptly showed fight
and gave us to understand they re-
garded that spot as their home. Seeing
some transferring had to be done, we
postponed the job until morning. Other
important work in the apiary prevented
immediate attention to the swarm, and
before again disturbing them in the
least, the whole swarm (not leaving a
bee) decamped to parts unknown, about
10 a. m., leaving their babies and a
little honey also.

Why did those bees leave? Did our
disturbing them on the previous even-
ing cause suspicion? or had their pas-
turage become short and exposure to
depredations of robber-bees and other
pilferers, caused it? Perhaps they rea-
soned thus: "Shall we stay here on this
bush and risk our life as a colony, or
shall we desert our babies and all this
10 or IS days' labor, and go to some hoU
low tree where we can begin anew and
be in position to protect our labor and
a new crop of babies?"

There must have been some mental
decision, and each member of that
swarm must have accorded with that
decision. I've seen large bodies of
men ponder for days on matters of
much less importance, and never reach
a decision. Shall we accord to the bees
a greater reasoning faculty than man —
that personage whom, it is said, God
endowed with the highest and greatest
of reasoning faculties?

Beeville, Tex.

Curing Apiaries of Foul Brood

BY WILLIAM MCEVOY.

In the honey season when the bees
are gathering freely remove the combs
in the evening and shake the bees into
their own hives ; give them frames with
tomb foundation starters on and let
them build comb for 4 days. The bees
will make the starters into comb dur-
ing the 4 days, and store the diseased
honey in them which they took with
them from the old com'o. Then, in
the evening of the fourth day, take out
the new combs and give them comb
foundation to work out, thus complet-
ing the cure.

By this method of treatment all the
diseased honey is removed from the
bees before the full sheets of founda-
tion are worked out. Where you find ..
large quantity of nice brood with only
a few cells of foul brood in the most of
your colonies, and have shaken the bees
off for treatment, fill 2 hives full with
these combs of brood, place one hive of
brood on the other, and shade this
tiered-up brood from the sun until tlie
most of it is hatched. In the evering
shake these bees into a single hive, give
them frames with comb foundation
starters on. and let them build comb for
4 days. Then, in the evening of the
fourth day, take out the new comb and
give them comb foundation to work out
to complete the cure. After the brood
is hatched out of the old combs the
latter must be made into wax or
burned, also all the new combs made

out of the starters during the 4 days
must be burned or made into wax on
account of the diseased honey.

Where the diseased colonies are
weak in bees, put the bees of 2, 3 or
4 together, so as to get a good-sized
colony to start the cure with, as it does
not pay to spend time fussing with lit-
tle weak colonies. All the curing or
treating of diseased colonies should
be done in the evening, so as not to
have any robbing or cause any of the
bees from the diseased colonies to mix
and go in with the bees of sound colo-
nies. By doing all the work in the
evening, it gives the bees a chance to
settle down very nicely before morn-
ing, and' then tliere is no confusion
or trouble.

When the bees are not gathering hon-
ey any apiary can be cured of foul brood
by removing the diseased combs in the
evenings and giving the bees frames
with comb foundation starters on. Then,
also in the evening feed the bees plenty
of sugar syrup, and they will draw out
the foundation and store the diseased
honey which they took with them from
the old combs. In the fourth evening
remove the new combs made out of the
starters, and give the bees full sheets
of comb-foundation, and feed plenty of
sugar syrup each evening until every
colony is in first-class order. Make the
syrup out of granulated sugar, and put
one pound of water to every 2 pounds
of sugar, then bring it to a boil.

Where you find the disease in a few
good colonies after all honey-gathering
is over, do not tinker or fuss with these
in any way until an evening in October.
Then go to the diseased colonies and
take out every comb and put six combs
of all sealed or capped stores in their
place, taken from sound colonies, and
on each side of these all-capped combs
place a division-board. This will put
these colonies in first-class order for
winter, with little or no bother at all,
and the disease crowded clean out at
the same time.

But some say that the disease cannot
be driven out so simply in the fall by
taking away the diseased combs and
giving the bees 6 combs that are capped
all over right down to the bottom of
the frames. It can and does cure every
time when properly done, and if you
will stop to think you will see quite
plainly that the bees must keep the dis-
eased honey they took out of the old
combs until they consume it, as they
cannot find any place in all-capped
combs to put it, and that will end the
disease at once.

Many bee-keepers will no doubt say
that this fall method of treatment will
not work in their apiaries at all, be-
cause they would not have enough of
the all-capped combs to spare from the
sound colonies, even if they could find
some all-sealed. Very true ; but you
can very easily secure abundance of all-
capped combs by putting Miller feed-
ers on your sound colonies in the even-
ings in September, and feeding these
colonies all the sugar syrup you can get
them to take. Then in October each
of these fed colonies can spare the two
outside combs, which will be nicely
capped all over right down to the bot-
tom of the frames, and with these combs

you will be provided with plenty of
good stores to carry out my fall method
of treatment. I finished the curing of
my own apiary in the fall of 1875 by this
sealed-comb treatment. All of my meth-
ods of treatment are of my own work-
ing out, and none of them ever failed
when properly carried out.

Empty hives that had foul brood in
do not need disinfecting in any way.

In treating diseased colonies never
starve the bees, because it unfits them
for business and makes them thin, lean
and poor, and is also hard on the
queens. I never starved any bees, but
always tried to see how fat I could
make them while treating them, by feed-
ing plenty of sugar syrup when the bees
were not gathering honey.

If you have nice white combs that are
clean and dry, and that never had any
brood in them, do not destroy one of
these, as they are perfectly safe to use
on any colony of bees just as they are,
and are very valuable to any bee-
keeper. I have always saved this class
of combs for every bee-keeper. I have
always advised bee-keepers to convert
into wax all old combs that ever had
one cell of foul brood in them, and the
only article that will take all the wax
out of the old combs is a good wax-
press. As these will pay for them-
selves many times over their cost, I
urge the bee-keepers everywhere to buy
one. — Canadian Bee Journal.

Woodburn, Ont.

The

Ups" and "Downs
of Bee-Culture

BY C. P. DADANT.

I do not believe there has ever been
a better time to preach perseverance
to the novices and beginners in bee-
culture than at present. No business
in the world is more apt to encourage
or discourage to excess, those who en-
ter it, than this occupation of ours.
When the honey crop is good, the bees
swarm freely, and the number of colo-
nies in an apiary increases rapidly, the
bee-keeper who has but a short ex-
perience thinks he has struck a mine
of the finest gold; but when the sum-
mer is too dry, and the bees decrease
in numbers, go into winter quarters with
a small force, and dwindle down in the
spring, he is very apt to conclude that
there is nothing in the pursuit worth
caring for.

In an experience of some 40 years,
we have seen many of these ups and
downs. Some 25 years ago we had a
wonderful season for swarming. I was
then handling an apiary of about 60
colonies on shares, in addition to our
own 5 apiaries. These bees, located near
the Mississippi River bottoms had a very
nice range of fall bloom. They swarmed
until the number of colonies was almost
trebled, and many hives filled their su-
pers besides. The oldest son of the
family, then about 18 years old, con-
cluded that there was nothing to equal
bee-culture, and assured me that he
would go into the business in good
earnest the following spring. But the
winter was very severe. A number of

October, 1907.

j American Me Journal

the late swarms were not strong enough
in bees to withstand tlie terrible cold,
and scores of colonies died with plenty
of stores in the brood-chambcr. 'i his
changed our young man's ideas, and
he concluded that if there was a "royal
road to wealth," bee-culture was not
on that road. I tried to explain to him
that winter losses could soon be re-
couped as long as there were a num-
ber of colonies remaining to breed from,
and plenty of combs and honey to make
increase by divisions, or what is now
called " shook-swarms." But nothing
would do, and at his instigation the
father sold me most of the bees and
kept only a few colonies.

There have been plenty of instances
of such discouragements after good sea-
sons. The success and failure of most
lines of business, and of many crops,
are like the waves of the seas — full of
ups and downs. Now you are on the
crest of the waves, and now between
two billows that threaten to engulf you.
But with a good rudder, and a good,
determined man at the helm, there is
no such thing as "fail." The methods
are always being improved, and the
management is becoming easier every
day.

But we must not expect sunshine
every day, neither should we expect
a storm every night. I remember that,
a few years ago, a man living in the
vicinity of East St. Louis had sold
something like $2,000 worth of cabbages
from s acres. The next season every-
body around him planted cabbages, with
the result that they could hardly be
given away, and had to be shipped to a
distant market. Then all those who had
so willingly rushed into this business
rushed out again with the same eager-
ness. But the man who has experience
and perseverance does not give up be-
cause of a failure. He knows that after
the storm, comes the sunshine, and he
makes ready for that sunshine, while the
storm is raging.

In this part of Illinois, the summer
of 1906 and the spring of 1907 were
probably the worst known in 40 years
for bee-culture. At any rate, I had
never seen such unfavorable conditions
for bees, up to the beginning of June,
1907. But so long as we have bees
enough to build up again, there is no
need to give up. On the contrary, it is
then that one must persevere with re-
newed energy, for there are going to
be plenty of weak hearts, and those
who give up make the market better
for those who stay in the business. See
the prices of honey rising. It is be-
cause of poor crops and discourage-
ments. But some of the bee-keepers
are already reaping a rew-ard for per-
severance. Those who have held on
and sustained their apiaries are in many
places harvesting good crops, for which
they secure a good price.

This is not the case only with bees or
cabbage. Take the grape-growing busi-
ness. For years grapes have sold at a
loss to the producer, because they were
too cheap. This year, many vineyards
have been destroyed, and those who
took care of their grapes are securing
a good price.

So dear friends, if you have had bad
seasons, do not give up; care for your

bees with renewed courage and firm-
ness. But if you have had good sea-
sons— extraordinary crops — do not im-
agine that there are no more storms
ahead. On the contrary, take heed, for
by and by, another storm will come.
Bad winters and dry summers are not
over ; but, on the whole, remember that
there is money in bee-culture for the
man who "stays with it."

In my opinion, the prices of honey
are destined to remain firm for many
years. There have been short crops,
, apiaries are less numerous, and, in ad-
dition, the new pure-food law is put-
ting a stop to much of the adulteration,
so that we have a much better chance
to inspire confidence in the consumer,
when we tell him that we "guarantee
our honey to be absolutely pure." A
few years ago he might have taken this
as empty talk, but he now knows that
there is a penalty for deception in foods,
and this is helping us out.

Hamilton, 111.

Are a Queen's Drones Af-
fected by Her Mating ?

BY T. W. LIVINGSTON.

Our bee-books and periodicals have
long taught that a queen's drones are
unaffected by her mating, so that a pure
Italian queen, for instance, that has
mated with a black drone will produce
pure Italian drones, nevertheless. Now,
I think it is time for this theory to be
exploded, and I propose to explode it,
and I want all bee-keepers interested to
hear it "bust," because facts have never
failed to show me its falsity when given
the chance.

Many years ago I had some 20 colo-
nies of black bees, and, wishing to Ital-
ianize, I purchased a $5 tested queen,
and from her reared queens and sup-
planted all my black ones, first sup-
pressing all the black drones I could,
and allowing the Italians to rear all the
drones they would, so that about 2-3 of
the young queens were purely mated.

The next year I thought I would have
things pretty much my own way, for at
that time I did not know any better
than to believe what I had read on the
subject, but facts always were stub-
born things, and that year about 90 per-
cent of the queens I reared showed un-
mistakable impurity in their worker
progeny, but less, as a rule, than the
impurely mated ones of the previous
year. Since then I have carefully sup-
pressed all drones from mismated
queens with satisfactory results.

Last year found me with 25 colonies —
all hybrids or blacks except 3 apparent-
ly pure Italians, and one Golden recent-
ly purchased, whose bees were all 3 to
5 banded. I reared queens from these
pure Italians, but mostly from the Gold-
en, and supplanted these hybrid and
black queens. This year I reared my
queens from the Golden, but, as I ex-
pected, this time only 3 out of 12 failed
to have some black bees among their
worker progeny.

I have recently visited a neighbor-
ing bee-keeper and he showed me some
colonies whose queens he said he had
reared from a pure Caucasian mother.

but which JKiil mated with Golden
drones, and, as I expected, their drones
were (some of them) fine Golden in
appearance, like some of their workers.
Now, who would expect that these
drones mating with pure Caucasian
queens, would fail to mark their prog-
eny with the golden coloring?

Bee-keepers, you need nor take my
word for it, but just try it as I have
done, and let the facts speak for them-
selves; and when you are convinced by
the facts, we may then indulge in a lit-
tle philosophizing as to why it is so.
But let the facts speak first.

Leslie, Ga.

The Bacteria of the Apiary

BY ADRIAN CETAZ.

"The Bacteria of the Apiary, with
Special Reference to Bee-Diseases," is
the title of a bulletin by Prof. G. F.
White, published by the United States
Department of Agriculture.

The first point to which Prof. White
calls our attention is the fact that not
only the bacilli, or other kinds of bac-
teria which produce diseases, will be, or
may be, found on or in the base, but
also a number of others. Nearly always
those producing putrefaction or decom-
position in dead vegetable or animal
substances are present in large number,
not only on the bees and combs, but, in
fact, everywhere. Occasionally those
producing other diseases in other ani-
mals, for instance, those producing colds
or consumption in the human race, may
be found on the bees or on the combs,
or even in the bodies of the bees where
they may have been carried in, either
with the food or by the respiration.
As a matter of fact, however. Prof.
White found much less of them than
would be naturally expected.

To the uninitiated, it may seem sin-
gular that all these different germs are
so different to recognize. We easily
dstinguish the ordinary plants and ani-
mals because we can ascertain all the
details of their organizations. But it is
not so with the bacilli and other bac-
teria. The bacilli producing the Euro-
pean foul brood, when looked at through
a microscope enlarging them 1,000 times
look something like this :

* z' /^ ^ I /

^ -^ ^ --\ '

Suppose that cats, dogs, foxes, etc.,

were not larger than that, how could
we differentiate them? Furthermore,
they are mixed with the globules of
blood or fat, or particles of flesh, or
other substances belonging to the ani-
mal with which they have found lodg-
ment, and all that increased the difficul-
ties.

The only way to separate them and
study them is by "cultivation." The
bacteria live at the expense of the ani-
mals or substances with which they as-
sociate. For instance, those that pro-
duce the alcoholic fermentation eat the
sugar contained in the fruits. The alco-
hol resulting is the excreta, or matters
transformed and rejected by them. The

688

October, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

glue-like substance produced by the foul
brood is of a similar origin. What is
left after something is rotten belongs
also to the same class of products. Some
of these products, in fact the majority,
are not unwholesome ; a few are quite
beneficial, but some are among the rank-
est poisons. The bacillus producing
cholera is one. It lives in the mat-
ters contained in the intestines as well
as in other parts of the body, and
also in decaying substances outside.
The bacillus itself is inoffensive, but
its dej actives are exceedingly poison-
ous, and that's what kills the patient.
Occasionally some of these poisonous
bacilli develop in ice-creams, oysters,
etc., and cause the accidents heard of
now and then. A peculiarity of these
cases is that the poisons thus produced
kill the bacilli themselves as well as the
the animal afifected. or even better._ The
most striking examples are furnished
by fevers and other diseases that run a
course of a certaion duration. After
the bacilli have multiplied sufficiently
and produced enough poisonous matter
to kill themselves, the disease has run
its course, and the recovery of the pa-
tient, if he is not dead already, depends
upon what strength may be left.

Cultivation of Disease-Germs.

To the one who may never have
heard of it before, the idea of "culti-
vating" the germs of a disease must
seem quite funny. But if we reflect a
little and consider that these germs, ba-
cilli, or bacteria, develop at the expense
of animal or vegetable matter, living or
dead, the possibility of raising a lot of
them in a small vial or tube of glass is
at once seen. And, furthermore, the
possibility of studying them thoroughly
is apparent at once. Some vials like
those used for holding homeopathic
remedies are usually used for the pur-
pose.

As most of the disease-germs live at
the expense of the flesh or blood of the
sick animal, or in its intestines, the "me-
dium" in which they are "cultivated,"
or, to use plain English, the food we
furnish them, and in which they can
live, is usually beef-broth or meat-juice,
sometimes milk, or blood deprived of its
corpuscles. Occasionally sugar syrup
or gums are used — whatever the case
may require. Some bacilli are not very
particular, and will develop in almost
anything. Others are very difficult to
cultivate and cannot live except in cer-
tain substan-ces. Quite a number have
not been fully identified until the right
kind of "medium" was finally discov-
ered.

Suppose we have bees afflicted with
the European foul brood, and we want
to study it. A number of these small
vials are prepared and filled with bee-
broth, or whatever kind of medium is
thought best, and then sufficiently heat-
ed to destroy any kind of germ that
might have gotten in accidentally. We
also make sure that the "medium" is
not acid, as very few kinds of bacilli
will develop where the least acidity is
present. But there are exceptions. A
little bit of the blood of a diseased bee
is then introduced in the vial, and the
stopper replaced. Then the bacilli that
may be in the blood will develop in the

vial and can be studied at leisure. The
peculiarities of the disease — for in-
stance, the glue-like ropiness of the foul
brood — will appear in the "culture."

But that is not enough. We want to
be sure that the discovered and culti-
vated bacillus is the one that has pro-
duced the disease. So we reverse the
process. Instead of taking a little blood
of the diseased bee and putting it in the
glass vial, we take a little of the in-
fected culture and feed it to a colony of
healthy bees, but mixing it with sugar
syrup or honey. That colony will soon
show the disease with all its characteris-
tics.

EouL Brood.

As stated at the beginning of this ar-
ticle, the first thing done by Prof. White
and his associates was to find which
kind of germs and bacteria might be
found accidentally on the bees or on the
combs. Quite a number are mentioned,
and a few of those that might be easily
mistaken for the cause of the disease
are carefully described.

There are two kinds of foul brood,
the European kind, which is produced
by the bacillus alvci, and the American
kind, which is produced by the bacillus
larvae. I will not describe the diseases,
as they have so often been described
lately that the readers of this paper un-
doubtedly know what they are. The
chief difference between the two is that
the dead brood from the American foul
brood shows considerably more ropi-
ness and glue-like consistency than the
other. The two kinds of bacilli are so
near alike that they cannot be distin-
guished with the microscope alone. A
"cultivation" is necessary to ascertain
"which is which" when found. There
is, however, a considerable difference in
the "cultivating" results. The bacillus
alvci will propagate easily in almost
any kind of "medium." Beef-broth is
the best. The bacillus larvae, on the
other hand, is extremely difficult, al-
most impossible, to cultivate. In fact,
Prof. White is the first bacteriologist
that has succeeded.

The bacillus alvei was thoroughly
studied by Cheshire and Cheyne be-
tween 1880 and 1885. They had the
bees and all the necessary facilities, and
ability to do the work. All the investi-
gations made since have confirmed their
descriptions and assertions. Cheshire
was aware that there was another kind
of disease similar to that produced by
the bacillus alvei, but he did not publish
any description of it.

From that time until recently it was
generally admitted that there was but
one kind of foul brood, and that it is
produced by the bacillus alvci. Never-
theless, now and then came some dis-
senting voices. The descriptions given
did not tally. In fact, they could not
since there were two diseases. The
"cultures" made sometimes yielded the
bacillus alvei, sometimes not. In that
last case, the operator usually succeed-
ed in cultivating some bacillus or other
that just happened to be there, but had
nothing to do with the disease. Those
who confined their observations to the
microscope mistook the bacillus larvae
for the bacillus ah'ei, as they are too
near alike to be distinguished by the

microscope alone. As both diseases are
common, both here and in Europe, it is
very likely that in many of the cases
observed both diseases existed together.

Finally, a few years ago. Dr. Burri,
of Switzerland, discovered beyond a
doubt that there were two diseases, pro-
duced by two different bacilli. He had
no difficulty in cultivating the bacillus
alvei, but completely failed to cultivate
the other. On this side of the Atlantic
the existence of two diseases became
evident a few years ago, and one of
them received at first the name "black
brood."

To Prof. White belongs the honor of
having cultivated and studied the ba-
cillus larvae in a scientific way. After
trying the usual medium without suc-
cess, the idea occurred to him that since
the bacillus larvae was living in the
bodies of the bees, or rather their lar-
vae, it would probably live and develop
in a broth made of bee-larvae. Success
crowned his efforts, and he thus was
able to cultivate and investigate the
bacillus larvae.

Bee-Dysentery.

Incidentally, dysentery came also un-
der consideration, while Prof. White
and his associates were studying the
bacilli and other similar organisms that
are found in the intestines of healthy
bees.

An immense number of different
kinds of such organisms are found in
the lower intestines of all the animals,
man included. As the matters con-
tained in the intestines are very near
the same in all. the same organisms are
found indistinctly in all, or nearly so.

In studying those contained in the in-
testines of the healthy bees, many of
those that infest the higher animals
were recognized. This could be expect-
ed since the intestinal matters con-
tained in them are very similar. As
long as the movements of the intes-
tines are regular, these organisms are
carried out nearly as fast as th;y mul-
tiply, and do not cause any trouble.
But if through some cause or other the
movement ceases, then they may accum-
ulate to such an extent as to cause seri-
ous disease. Hence the dysentery of the
bees, when they are confined and do not
void the contents of their intestines

Spores in Honey.

Like Cheshire. Prof. White found
that the honey from the hives infected
very seldom contains any foul - brood
bacilli or their spores. However, con-
sidering how small they are, they may
often have escaped observation. Fur-
thermore, a single one might be enough
eventually to infest a whole apiary.

There is quite a misunderstanding on
this matter among our bee-keepers.
Even our best writers are not exempt.
To understand the case fully, we must
consider how the bacilli propagate them-
seves. The bacilli of both foul-brood
diseases are very small, rod-like things.
They grow in length rapidly, and when
they have attained a certain size they
break in two pieces, and there are then
two different individuals where before
there was but one. These grow and di-
vide like their predecessors, and as the
process is very rapid, a division occur-

October, 1907.

American Hae Journal

itt-

689

ring every few minutes, the increase in
numbers, under favorable circumstances,
is quite astonisliing. lliis process con-
tinues as long as there is something to
eat, but wlien there is nothing left they
change completely. They become al-
most round instead of rod-shaped, and
then stop growing. They become what
is called "spores." These spores arc to
the adult bacilli what the seeds are to
the ordinary plants. They are far more
resistant to extremes of temperature or
chemical agents than the bacilli. The
majority of them, however, dry out and
die in the sunlight and the open air.
Some, however, resist quite a long time.
But we know how beneficial the open
air and the sunlight are in all the hu-
man diseases, and how dampness and
obscurity favor the development of all
disease germs, molds, putrefactive bac-
teria, etc.

The experiments made a few years
ago by Dr. Howard show that the
spores of the foul-brood bacilli do not
resist the sunlight and open air more
than a day or two. That explains why
the hives contaminated do not need dis-
infecting, the spores that they contain
are soon destroyed by being exposed to
the open air.

On the other hand, these spores will
keep indefinitely in honey, but without
developing. The honey protects them
against the open, dry air, but on the
other hand, its acidity, while not suffi-
cient to destroy them, nevertheless pre-
vents them from developing.

And that is where he danger exists.
The spores do not propagate themselves
as such. When they are placed where
they can develop they turn back hito
rod-like bacilli which immediately grow
and divide as before described.

If the bacilli could propagate in honey
they would soon destroy it as effectively
as they destroy the brood in the dis-
eased colonies, or the cultures in which
they are placed. But they don't. Their
spores remain there without any change,
and then, as soon as they are brought
in contact with the brood, they begin to
develop at once.

Kno.xville, Tenn.

Food Value of Honey as Com-
pared With Other Food
Stuffs

BY PROF. G. L. TANZER^ PH.G.

No question affecting the human race
is of so much importance as that of
food stuffs. Evolutionists are well
aware of the fact that the two great
forces — the two great agencies — by
which animal species were evolved, the
one from the other, and the human race
from them all,- are food and climate.
With the latter we have nothing to do
at this time, and with the former we
are only to consider briefly one of the
many food compounds which is offered
for the appropriation of men and wom-
en, to-wit, that of honey.

It is evident to my understanding that
the whole question of food stuffs is to
engage the attention of scientific men
in the near future, not only from the
old standpoints of pure physics, but from

the newer view-point of the psycholog-
ical welfare of our race.

Up to llio present time whatever re-
search scicMlilic men have made regard-
ing the value or adaptability of foods
has resulted exclusively in determining
their utility in assimilation by the bodily
organs of digestion and assimilation as
to purely physical results.

It is fair to say that we are progres-
sing as a race, and rising to higher
summits of knowledge and experience.
The time is rapidly approaching when
the value of food stuffs to be appro-
priated by human beings will be deter-
mined not only with reference to their
purely physical results, but also with
reference to that assimilation of foods,
which reaches out to the building up of
the higher faculties.

Science is already disclosing to our
vision that there is a wonderful in-
terdependence of the life foods appro-
priated by a life organization. We know
there is not a square inch, so to speak,
of any surface of the exterior of the
human body that does not contain scores
of hungry mouths that are constantly
devouring foods, and these foods com-
prehend all substance from magnetism
to heat, harmony and light, or colors.
Hence we see that the assimilation of
food in a life organization, such as a hu-
man being, reaches to all of the quali-
ties of substances of our universe.

Holding our subject in thought from
this standpoint, we see at once tfiat sci-
ence has a mighty work on hand in de-
termining what so-called bodily foods,
or foods appropriated through the stom-
ach, will best assimilate through the
bodily organs, in conjunction with the
other foods I have named, so as not only
to produce the best physical results in
and for the physical bodily organs, but
the best contributions to the upbuild-
ing of the psychological organization of
the man or woman.

It is within our knowledge that many
of the so-called bodily foods work out
in their assimilation injury to the men-
tal and psychological welfare. I am of
the opinion that nearly one-half of the
volume of so-called bodily foods and
drinks now appropriated bring about
these regretful results, and that they
should be discontinued by people gen-
erally as rapidly as possible. I will fur-
ther state that it is my opinion that the
next quarter of a century will witness
the abandonment of a great many of
the foods now appropriated and will
demonstrate that the people generally,
especially those who enjoy the higher
plan-es of civilization, are devouring or
appropriating, so far as volume, Ijulk,
and variety are concerned, more than
double that which they should appro-
priate.

Men and women are eating too much,
speaking from the standpoint of quan-
tity, and are overloading the physical
machinery and thereby chaining their
lives to the physical, whereas by a bet-
ter selection of food stuffs, thev will
more rapidly rise in the scale of our
destined life qualities.

There are three classes of food stuffs
to which I desire to direct your atten-
tion. These are honey, eggs and milk.

It is remarkable that these foods are

compoundeil for the consumption of the
human race by the three great divisions
of the animal kingdom, to-wit, by the
insect, the bird arjd the mammal tribe.
The bee provides the honey, the bird
produces the egg, and the mammal
yields to us the milk.

It is scarcely necessary to point out
to you the fact that with the exception
of certain vegetables, these three food
stuffs rank higher than any others
known to scientific research. We find
from statistics that the relative value
of these three foods, that is to say, the
relative fuel value of them per pound
in calories, is as follows:

1. Honey 1520 calories

2. Hens' eggs uncooked,

average 720 calories

Hens' eggs boiled, avcr-
•ige 765 calories

3. Milk average of mar-

ket product 325 calorics

I should observe in this connection
that the yolk of the egg when boiled
has an average of 1705 calories and has
an exceedingly high fuel value It will
be seen, however, that honey stands pre-
eminently at the head of this list as a
fuel or energj'-giving value. But let me
say in addition to this, honev stands
transcendently higher than the other two
as a life-giving food from the standpoint
of its power of assimilation in support-
ing and developing the higher faculties
of a human life organization. This part-
ly arises from the fact that, while milk
and eggs contain a considerable per-
centage of animal substance, honey is
composed almost entirely of vegetable
substance of a high quality, including
only such exceedingly small traces of
mineral substance, and that of such a
quality as to contribute to its tonic
value. We do not appropriate as food
the flesh of the insect, from the labora-
tory of whose body the honey is com-
pounded, but we do appropriate as food
the flesh of the fowl, in the laboratory
of whose body the egg is compounded.
We also appropriate as food the flesh
of the mammal, in the laboratory of
whose body the milk is compounded.
Better by far for the human race, if
men and women generally would es-
chew completely the two latter classes
of food stuffs.

Pure honey is a syrupy liquid of a
light yellowish, to pale yellowish-brown
color. It is translucent when fresh, but
gradually becomes opaque and crystal-
line, having a characteristic aromatic
odor and a sweet, faintly acrid taste.

.Analyses of honey vary somew-hat in
their composition, due to climatic condi-
tions and the sources of supply.

The average composition is as fol-
lows:

Dextrose 34.4

Levulose 39.2

Dextrine 4.0

Mineral substance 0.2

Formic acid 0.2

Water 22.0

1 00.0

Let rne call your attention to some
observations concerning honey contained
in the United States Dispensatory, a
large volume well known to all cliem-

October, 1907.

American IBae Journal

ists and druggists. This work, which is
a standard book of science, behind
which are such names as Dr. George
B. Wood and Dr. Franklin Bache, is
now in its eighteenth edition, and I re-
gret to say that it is not up to date, not
abreast with scientific research in regard
to honey. On one of its pages it states
that naturalists have not yet determined
whether it is a secretion of the bee (apis
mehfica,) or exists already formed in
plants. This work further says that
honey probably undergoes a change in
the organs of the bee, as the saccharine
matter of the nectaries, so far as it is
possible to examine them, lacks some of
the characteristic properties of honey.

Now, let me explain to you just how
honey is manufactured, or compounded,
if you prefer that word. Let us see
just what part the bee performs in its
work and what part the flower per-
forms. Modern science has determined
that honey is the result of fermentation,
and that it is not secreted as honey
by the flowers. The first bee that visits
a flower and enters its petal does not
obtain any honey. 1 he bee simply makes
a scratch at the base of the petal so as
to set at liberty the sap of the flower.
After the bee has lanced the flower, it
begins to "bleed," or to emit the sap.
This emitted sap contains traces of
starch. This sap thus exudated under-
goes fermentation. When this takes
place the compound honey is the re-
sult. Now, the fermenting element was
contributed by the bee when it first
visited the flower, but when it did not
obtain any honey. After a little time the
first bee, that contributed the ferment-
ing element, was succeeded by another,
which obtained the honey. Thus it will
be seen that the honey does not all
come from the flower, although nearly
the whole volume of its substance does
proceed from the flower, but that a
leaven, which leaveneth the whole lump,
is contributed from the life organization
of the bee itself. Thus the force t)r
principal in the honey is the product of
the bee, and this sub-store of honey, like
the yeast in the bread, and like spirit
in life, is the active, life-giving element
of the compound, which renders it unlike
any other compound in the universe,
and as such the most potent and the
highest contributor to a human life or-
ganization.

It is indeed gratifying to observe the
inauguration of a campaign to educate
the public of the great merits of honey,
as a food product, and it is to be hoped
that the praiseworthy efforts of the
agricultural press with the exhibit of
the bee - keepers' associations of the
Western and Northwestern States, at
the Portland exhibition, will result in
bringing this product into greater promi-
nence and daily use in every household.

A good deal has been said about
honey pro and con, and it cannot bn
denied that, to a great extent, the pub-
lic mind has been influenced — unjustly
influenced — against the use of this
wholesome and nourishing food prod-
uct, by constant cries of adulteration,
and again by the publication of arti-
cles of alleged cases of poisoning by
honey.

Let me call your attention to a well
known handbook for pharmacists and

physicians, written by Prof. Joseph
Remington, one of the prominent phar-
macists of the country and a professor
of a pharmaceutical college. We find
under the head of "Mel" (honey) the
following:

"Large quantities of honey are ob-
tained from California, the southern
States and the West Indies. A still
larger amount, however, is manufac-
tured by flavoring and coloring artificial
glucose." Further on he states: "Ow-
ing to the difficulty of obtaining pure
honey in large cities and towns, its place
in many medicinal preparations has been
filled by substituting syrups or glyce-
rine."

'Can there be anything more aston-
ishg than such a statement? Think of it
for a moment. Honey substituted by
syrup or glycerine in drug stores, where
the term substitution should not be
known, and should certainly never be
practiced.

If some unscrupulous persons have in
the past made, or even continue to make,
or practice adulteration of honey, it
would be far more satisfactory and just
to all parties to locate and prosecute
the offenders instead of disocuraging the
use of this splendid food product, by
the circulation of such literature. _

Regarding some cases of poisoning by
honey, which occurred in New Jersey
and other States, it can be said that no
case of poisoning by honey would be on
record if some care were exercised in
not placing an apiary in a locality where
many of the Ericaceae abound, even
though it appears to be an ideal spot
otherwise, as it is well k-nown that
honey produced by bees having access
to certain Ericaceae, acts as a narcoti-
ca-irritant.

However, such a poisonous product
can generally be distinguished readily,
because it never thickens; the color is
redder than usual, and the honey emits
a peculiar smell which immediately pro-
duces sneezing.

There is absolutely no reason why the
public should hesitate to cast aside their
suspicion with regard to honey, because
no honey can be adulterated in such a
way as to correspond to the genuine
article in every detail. The chemical
analysis may fail to detect the adultera-
tion, but the spectroscope cannot . be
cheated.

We will now direct our attention to
the fuel value of honey as compared
with meat and some agricultural and
horticultural products.

By fuel value is meant the number
of calories of heat equivalent to the
energy w^hich it is assumed the body
would be able to obtain from one pound
of a given food material, provided the
nutrients of the latter were completely
digested :

FUEL VALUE.

Calories

Honey, average 152c

Green Butter Beans, average 370

Green Lima Beans, average 255

Dried Lima Beans, average 162S

String Beans, (cooked) average... 95

Beets (fresh) average 215

Cabbage, average 145

Cauliflower, average 140

Corn (green) average 470

Cucumbers, average 80

Kohl-rabi, average 145

Mushrooms, average 210

Peas (green) average 465

Peas (dried) average 1655

Potatoes (raw) average 385

Potatoes (boiled) average 440

Sweet Potatoes (cooked) average.. 925

Pumpkins, average 120

Saurkraut, average 125

Spinach, average 260

Butter (market product) 3605

Sugar (market product) i860

Sugar (maple) 1330

The fuel value of fresh fruits is al-
most the same as of vegetables and
I will state but a few of them for the
sake of comparison :

C.'iLORIES

Apples, average 290

.A.pricots, average 270

Bananas, average 460

Cherries, average 365

Figs, average 380

Grapes, average 450

Oranges, average 240

Pears, average 295

Plums, average 395

Watermelons, average 140

ANIMAL FOOD.

Roast Beef, average 1620

Round Steak, average 840

Sirloin Steak, average 875

Corned Beef, average 1271

Now, it can readily be seen that the
fuel value of honey exceeds some ani-
mal foods and a great many vegetables
and fruits, and has the advantage of
being more readily digested and assimi-
lated than the majority of the articles
mentioned.

Speaking from a medical point of
view, it is a well known fact that honey
has been used with great advantage for
the cure of coughs and colds. It has
been a favored remedy of the old-time
practitioners, who no doubt would have
strenuously objected to a substitution by
syrups or any other substance.

In justice to the up-to-date druggist,
it may be stated, that but few adopt such
practices, as set forth in the handbook
named, and only on very rare occasions
are such substitutions practised. It is
safe to say that at least in this State,
there will not be found a single druggist
who does not keep a quantity of strictly
pure honey in stock for dispensing pur-
poses.

In this connection permit me again
to say, that the science of physics does
not exercise a complete mastery over
the substance of food stuffs. Science in
this respect can reach, to determine their
qualities, only the coarser physical ele-
ments. We must ascertain the nature
of the elements contained in any food
compound, not only from the standpoint
of natural history science, but from the
viewpoint of natural philosophy. The
higher elements in a food compound may
be the most potent life giving and life-
extending factors in that compound.
Thus it is that honey, as we have al-
ready seen, in all of the elements of its
finer and higher substances can not be
brought to vision, even by the science
of optics. We must arrive at the fact
of their e.xistence in another way.

However, enough has been said to
demonstrate clearly that honey ranks

I
I

October, lyo;.

^^y*^:--.^^

American Hee Journal

high as a food, and used in the proper
connections with other food stuffs, it
may be regarded as, in actuality it is,
one of the most complete solvents for
assimilation that can be appropriated in
the human stomach. — Read at the Wash-
ington State Convention.

We submitted the foregoing article to
Dr. E. N. Eaton, e.x-analyst of the Illi-
nois State Food Commission, who re-
ported as follows:

"The conclusion to the article is un-
doubtedly correct.

"I am inclined to doubt scientific ba-
sis for statement that certain foods
build up the higher faculties, or that it
is advisable to eschew eggs and milk

~iff .•rf'ii'-

because the (lesh of the animals which
furnish them is used for food.

"As to the composition of honey, I
believe it to be a fact that dextrose and
levulose are present in nearly equal pro-
portion; that dextrin is hardly ever
present to the extent of 4 percent, and
that cane-sugar or sucrose is normally
in from 2 to 7 percent.

"While the statement has frequently
been made that honey contains formic
acid, I do not regard it as positively
proven.

"The amount of calorics or heat-pro-
ducing power of a food is not a criterion
of its food-value, but only of its energy
value, presuming that it is digestible.
Honey, however, has a hie;h value in
this line."' "F.. .V. E.mon."

MS^^Tw

'Bee - Keepiiij^ ^^

Conducted by E.M.MA .M. WlLSuN, .MarLiin", HI

Beginning With Bees

Dear Miss Wilson : — I write to ask
your opinion on getting some bees. I
have wanted a few colonies for years,
but not knowing how to manipulate
them, and having no one near to help
me, I have never started. I am not
able to take a course in bee-culture, but
do you suppose with the aid of a good
book on bees I could learn the work?
This is a very good locality for them.
(Miss) S.\RAH Harris.

Concord, N. C.

Whatever advantages there may be in
a course of instruction, the probability
is that the great majority of bee-keep-
ers began with no other advantages
than you have. Get a good text-book
and put in your extra time this winter
studying up on bees. Also take one or
more of the bee-papers. If you are
thinking of making a business of bee-
keeping you cannot afford to get along
without them.

In the spring get 2 or 3 colonies of
bees, and you can begin to put into
use the knowledge you have stored up.
You will make mistakes, but that's the
way to learn.

Starved Bees— A Sister's Report and
Experience •

Dear Miss Wilson : — I mean to have
a good, solid "bee-talk" with you to-
day, and so beg your patience and kind-
ly interest.

Our bees at Clovernook have had
a simply awful year of it. I need
not recall to you what last winter was
as to sustained and vigorous cold, and
you doubtless know what kind of a

spring and summer this northern end
of Lake Champlain has caught.

Our apiary usually numbers between
80 and 90 colonies, but during the last

3 years has dwindled somewhat, so that
last fall we put into the cellar only
56 colonies. These, however, were in
good, healthy condition, and had plen-
ty of honey for all reasonable de-
mands.

Last spring I lost all but 23 colonies.
There was no honey left in any of the
hives, and most of the bees must have
starved to death in the cellar. We have
caught only one swarm this summer,
and our bees were not ready for su-
pers until August IS, when we put on
II. There is but very little honey in
them now.

All this summer I have watched for
a favorable condition of affairs to do
some artificial increase work in the
yard, for I am not content to let our
apiary rest in such a reduced condi-
tion; but if a suitable time did come,
my man was away, I was sick, or we
had a hurried shipment of ducks to get
off, so the summer had drifted by until
last Monday, when I became desperate.
With my man's help we placed 8 clean
hives on some of the empty stands, each
with 6 good worker-combs, and put into
the center of every hive 3 to 4 frames
of capped brood with the bees clinging
to them, from the 12 colonies I had re-
served for this work. Where they were
good and strong in brood we took 3
frames, in others but 2, and in a single
case but one. Several of the nuclei have
but 3 frames of brood. The rest have

4 frames.

We did this work in the afternoon,
and of course had wire screens over the
entrances to keep the bees in till accus-
tomed to their new homes. We also.

after placing on the mat and cover,
put on extra covers to keep the heat
off the new colonics, and opened up or
took off the wire-screens the following
evening — Tuesday.

I think our nucleus colonies are all
right so far; but of course the disad-
vantage of this method of increase is
that we can not tell for sure where the
queen is, and it is too late, really, for
the bees to secure queens for themselves,
as I think the probabilities are that we
will get frost within the next 2 weeks.

My plan has been to use the surplus
honey from our 11 supers to help out
these young colonies, and to buy a few
queens to supply deficiencies. I shall
watch closely, and where I find freshly-
laid eggs, of course, I will know the
<iueen is present, and will mark that
hive "O. K." Where no eggs appear
we will reserve for the queens bought.
If they start queen-cells for themselves,
so we will have some extra queens, we
may possibly be able to make one or 2
more new colonies.

The lowest I ever had my bees was
the first fall, when we put into the cel-
lar 30 colonies. I mean to work these
up to 80 colonies as fast as possible.
It seems very queer not to have a
pound of extra honey, when in times
past we have had as high as 5 tons from
64 colonies.

I think the cause of our heavy mor-
tality in the winter was the jars and
slamming that went on overhead. I
could not seem to make my chore-man
understand the importance of keeping
the bees quiet.

Best wishes and kindly greeting to
our "sisters" — and the "brothers," too,
if they care for it. F. E. Wheeler.

Chazy, N. Y., August 22.

Thanks for so full and candid a re-
port. It takes many and many a year's
experience to stear clear of starving
colonies in winter. Some colonies seem
to take a spiteful pleasure in starving
when they are as heavy with stores as
other colonies that winter all right. As
one cannot know which these excep-
tional colonies are, that require an ex-
tra amount of stores, the only safe way
is to treat all as exceptional cases, and
see that they have not only enough, but
a good bit more than enough to take
them safely through until they en gath-
er again.

Early in the season preparation should
be made for having extra combs of
sealed honey ready for any emergency.
Then at the close of the season put these
heavy combs into the hives wherever
they are needed.

We always weigh each colony nn'ess
we know that they are so very heavy
that they are away beyond the danger-
point. Whatever combs are not needed
in the fall will come in very nicely in
the spring to replace empty combs. We
would have been in bad shape last spring
had we not had 250 heavy combs of
sealed honey to give our bees, although
they went into the cellar very heavy, in-
deed, with stores. But we don't often have
such a very, very bad spring as we did
this year. The weather was so bad that
the bees would not have left the clus--
ter to take feed and I feel sure we
would have lost heavily but for those
heavv combs of honev.

October, IQ07.

American l^ee Journal

Those who are so unfortunate as not
to have such combs must resort to sugar
syrup or candy.

A nucleus with 4 frames of brood the
third w-eek in August ought to have no
trouble in building up for winter, and
in this locality they would be pretty
safe as to rearing queens, but it would
have been much better if there had been
a sealed cell to give to each nucleus.
Of course there is always some risk
as to young queens being lost, and in
your peculiar climate there may be un-
usual loss, but let us hope for the best.

It is not certain that your heavy mor-
tality in the winter was due to the jars
and slamming. Bees will stand a lot
of noise and jarring overhead, especially
if it be somewhat regular.

Swarm Settling on a Sister's Face

While Miss Richards, of Mabe, Corn-
wall, was watching her bees, a swarm
suddenly settled on her face and neck.
Fortunately, she had courage enough to
allow them to remain undisturbed, and
eventually the bees were successfully
drawn off and hived, without having
caused the slightest injury to iVliss Rich-
ards. I thought an incident so unusual
and so illustrative of the lady's cour-
age would be worth recording. — British
Bee Journal.

A Sister's Experience In South Africa

Harvesting Sweet Clover Seed

Those readers who favored me with
orders for seed of yellow sweet clover
may be interested in seeing how we
gather it at our house. All the help
we can get from the men-folks is the

At Marian Hill, one of the sisters
from the cloister was trying to capture
a wild swarm which a Kaffir woman
had told her about. She thus tells the
story according to Unterfr. Biene :

"***** Alas, with lightning
speed and great noise and confusion
came the whole swarm flying upon me.
I had the feeling as if great hail-stones

POUNDINC, Ul'T bWEKT CulVliR SEED

mowing. I get one of them into the
field when I think it is ready, preferably
while the clover is damp or wet, so
that the seed will not shell so much as
it does when dry. It is then allowed
to lie on the ground for a few days
to finish ripening, when the girls and I
go out with the buggy canvas to get the
seed. We go in the morning, while
the clover is damp with dew, and load
up a good pile which we leave till to-
wards evening. It is now thoroughly
dry, and yields very readily to the feet
and sticks of the harvesters.

Day after day we do this until the
crol> is in. I like to get the seed off the
ground even if no one wants it, for if
left on it seeds itself too heavily. Treat-
ed as we do, a field gives good results
year after year.

(Mrs.) A. L. Amos.

Comstock, Neb.

had fallen from the sky upon my face.
I shook my head, but it was no help,
the swarm hung fast. Apparently they
had first settled on my frontlet, for the
swarm was very heavy, and lay thick
upon my face, and hung down like a
beard over my breast. There I stood,
blind, deaf and dumb. Head and neck
behind the veil were covered solid, so
that I could no longer move my head.
Directly I felt a difficulty of breathing,
and tried to open my mouth to get a
little air, but immediately the bees tried
to get into my mouth, so I was obliged
quickly to close my lips again. At
first I could get some air through the
nose, but the bees crept also into the
nose-holes. So I was obliged to look
forward to a fearful death-struggle.

"The sister with me didn't know how
to help. I took a memorandum book
from my pocket and wrote on it that

she should run to the mill, some 10
minutes away. Trappists were there at
work, and she should bring a queen
from Brother Caspar who kept bees.
After a long time I finally succeeded in
getting the bees onto the scapulary;
from there I shook the swarm into the
swarm-catcher, and ran away, glad to
escape from death. If I had undertaken
a struggle with the bees, and resisted
the attack, they would certainly have
killed me."

The sister relates that only a few
bees stung her; but they scratched her
face with their claws, and with their
little tongues and jaws had picked and
bitten her, and especially burrowed con-
tinually into her' eyes.

Wintering Queens the Third Winter.

E. W. Alexander having advised not
to try wintering a queen the third win-
ter, Dr. Miller raises the question wheth-
er there is not a difference caused by
locality, strain of bees, or something. He
has had in his hives the past season 24
queens that had passed their third win-
ter, and says:

"I don't see but they average fairly
with others, some of them the best.
I don't believe longevity in bees is ap-
preciated as it should be. If six weeks
is the average life of a worker in sum-
mer (lately the tendency is to discount
that a little), and if it takes to the field
at 16 days of age, then- a worker that
lives 48 days instead of 42 ought to
gather 23 percent more than the aver-
age. Even if it lives only a day more
than the average, it ought to gather 104
pounds for every 100 pounds gathered
by the average bee. If a strain of bees
has queens that last three years and do
good work, and another strain has
queens that are good for only 2 years,
would you not naturally expect that
there would be a difference in the ages
of the workers from the 2 queens? And
how will you encourage long life in the
workers any better than by favoring
long life in the queens? The thing is
worth thinking over." — Gleanings, 1128.

Vitality of Queen's Eggs.

J. L. Byer says, in Canadian Bee
Journal, that one of the best known and
most successful apiarists "claimed that
if a comb was inserted in the brood-
nest in the fall, when the queen was yet
laying, and then taken out again as soon
as eggs had been deposited, these eggs
would develop the following spring if
the comb was put in a hive again. The
comb could be stored any old place,
at a zero temperature would not hurt
the eggs in the least."

Longevity of Bees. ^

Mr. Beuhne says we can't have short-
lived queens and long-lived workers.
Roughly speaking, he requeens every 2
years, but his extra-good queens are al-
lowed to live as long as they will, and
by breeding from such queens he se-
cures longer-lived workers. H. L.
Jones says he has a very yellow queen
6 years old that is doing good work
still. — Australasian Bee-Keeper, 232.

Ocloljui', 1907.

American Hee Journal i

'anadiah'^y
ISeedom

^>o

Condutled by J. L. HVKK. iMoiint Joy. Ont.

Fall Honey Crop a Failure

Throughout many sections of Onta-
rio there has been a total faihtre of the
fall crop of honey. Consequently feed-
ing now is (or should be) in full prog-
ress. In our own apiaries we find it
necessary to feed just about as much as
was taken avyay earlier. Pretty dis-
couraging; but wait till next year!

Short Crop and Honey Exhibits

Although the honey crop in Ontario
this year is very short, if any one had
no knowledge of this condition and
should take a stroll through the honey
exhibit at the Canadian National Ex-
hibition, he would not be apt to think
that such was the case. Our American
cousins quite often give our Canadian
bee-keepers the credit of being able to
produce good honey, and also of know-
ing how to put up a good exhibit. Re-
sults at the Pan-American would seem
to bear out such assertions, but aside
from any opinions of past exhibits, the
display, both as to quality and staging
at the present Toronto Fair, is certainly
of high merit. That the honey went in
"streaks" this year is shown by the ab-
sence of some exhibitors who usually
are in evidence. Messrs. Arthur Laing,
George Laing, E. Grainger and D. An-
guish, are the only bee-keepers show-
ing any quantity of honey, and these
four gentlemen certainly are to be con-
gratulated for the trouble they have
taken to arrange such large and attrac-
tive exhibits.

Mr. Arthur Laing has an original and
unique display in the shape of a com-
plete apiary in wax. The honey house
is slicctcd with comb-foundation, and
the miniature hives and stands, which
are perfect models of standard goods,
rest upon a moss-covered lawn. .■\s an
educational feature such an exhibit can-
not fail to be of great value.

Mr. E. Grainger has observatory hives
in which Italian, Carniolans and Cau-
casion bees are shown. .-Vs is usually
the case, the center of interest for visi-
tors is the queen, and quite amusing it
is to stand near a live bee-exhibit and
listen to the different connnents and
suggestions of people, as they are look-
ing for her Majesty.

Mr. Grainger tested the Caucasian
bees this year, and says they did not do
nearly as well as the Italians. I am in-
clined to think that the boom for Cau-
casians will be short-lived; in fact, we
are not hearing nearly so much about
them as a year ago at this time.

McEvoy Treatment of Foul
Brood

On page 63, in Bulletin No. 70, is-
sued by the U. S. Department of .'Agri-
culture, there appears to be some mis-
understanding as to what the McEvoy
treatment for foul brood really is. A
number who claim to use the McEvoy
system, omit one of the most important
details — the second shaking. While once
shaking will often cure mild cases, the
second shaking is necessary to secure
uniformly successful results. For this
reason Mr. Mc'Evoy has always insisted
on shaking the bees on full sheets of
foundation, after having for 4 days been
on foundation starters.

In the Bulletin referred to. Dr. Phil-
lips is credited with saying, "He [Mr.
McEvoy] recommends the second shak-
ing after the bees begin to drop from
starvation." While no one will think
for a moment that Dr. Phillips would
knowingly misrepresent Mr. McEvoy,
yet to show that just the opposite to
starving is Mr.McEvoy's advice, I quote
the following from the pamphlet enti-
tled, "How to examine apiaries and
cure them of foul brood," issued by the
Ontario Department of Agriculture:

"In treating diseased colonies never
starve the bees, because it unfits them
for business, and makes them thin, lean
and poor, and is also hard on the
queens. I never starved any bees, but
alw.ays tried to see how fat I could
make them while treating them, bv feed-
ing plenty of sugar syrup when the bees
were not getting honey."

Bees and Horticulture

From a report relative to the peach
crop, lately issued by the fruit-growers
of the Niagara peninsula, I clip the fol-
lowing :

"The earlier reports sent out of an
average crop were too optimistic, based
on the number of fruit-buds. However,
owing to the late cold spring, and the ab-
sence of bees at the right time to fer-
tilize the blossoms, the fruit did not
'set,' and consequently men who were
counting on thousands of baskets will
now be glad to obtain that many hun-
dred."

It is gratifying to note that all pro-
gressive fruit-growers now recognize
the honey-bee as a necessary adjunct to
successful horticulture. Not so many
years ago, such was not the case, and
as a consequence complaints of fruit-
trees being sprayed while in bloom were
quite prevalent. Now all this is changed,

;iTul it is only on rare occasions that we
licar of the law against spraying be-
ing violated. When a man is once con-
vinced that the doing of a certain thing
i-i detrimental to his own intercuts, such
knowledge is of more cfTcct than any
law compelling him to refrain from do-
ing this same thing because of the in-
jury resulting to others. At the same
time, the law against spraying trees
while in bloom, has answered, and is
answering, its purpose, and possibly has
been the means of helping to bring
about present satisfactory conditions. It
is surprising that at least one of manu-
facturers of sprayers continues to send
out with his machines, circulars in
which it is advised to spray while trees
are in bloom. It is needless to say that
said manufacturer does not live in Can-
ada, but the wonder is (no matter
where he lives) that he manages to sell
his machines to enlightened fruit-grow-
ers. Certainly the bcc-keepers should
"sit" upon such a man, and "sit hard,"
too.

Stingless Bees All Dead

One of the most fascinating experi-
ments ever attempted in apiculture, ac-
cording to Discovery, was begun last
summer at the American Museum of
Natural History, New York City, and
has ended, as was expected, in failure
through the death of the insects.

The subjects of the experiment were
a colony of brown stingless bees —
probably the first ever seen in New
York.

They were brought from the interior
of Venezuela. In the insect gallery vis-
itors could see them busily at work in a
glass-covered box, in which they had
built the queerest nest imaginable. Ris-
ing to a peak, it resembled nothing so
much as an irregular, jagged mountain,
of a very dark chocolate color.

The box was placed at a sunny win-
dow, in the lower frame of which small
apertures connecting with the box af-
forded egress and ingress to and from
the outside world. The little foreign-
ers when installed immediately set about
making themselves familiar with the
city and its parks and the surrounding
country.

Hard by, at another window, was a
colony of American honey-bees, stingers
these. The visitors were brought to the
United States with the idea that they
might be crossed with the honey-bees
and a new stingless species thus pro-
duced combinmg this advantage with
the superior qualities of the native in-
sect.

The species were so remotely related
and the habits of the stingless variety
so highly specialized, however, that the
scientist at the museum considered
hybridization to be an impossibility.

The honey of the stingless bee, al-
though much appreciated in Cuba and
South .\merica, w-here if is supposed
to possess valuable medicinal properties
and is an article of food, is verj' in-
ferior both in quality and quantity to
that of the honey-bee. As pollen gath-
erers, however, they are vastly superior
to the latter, being able to carry much
heavier loads and to work longer and

October, 1907.

American Hee Journal

in weather when the honey-bee would
not venture out. In this capacity they
would have been important alHes of
the agriculturist in the cross-pollination
of flowers and in increasing the fruit
supply.

Through the long warm days of sum-
mer and while the woods took on their
autumn tints the stingless bees, which
when they arrived numbered about
300, thrived and multiplied amazingly,
but the chill, drying winds of the laie
fall brought disaster to the busy -n-
habitants of the hive.

They did not seem to mind the cold
so much. Indeed, their resistance to it
was a matter of astonishment to the ex-
perts. What they could not bear up un-
der was the dryness which comes with
the approach of winter. The hive box
was taken from the window into the
warmth of the steam-heated museum
and honey in abundance was given to
the workers, which at once began storing
it in their pots. But indoors the air,
if comforable from the point of view of
temperature, possessed, like that out-
side, the fatal quality of being too dry,
and though fighting bravely against this
unaccustomed and impossible condition,
the bees one by one died off, until now
none remains.

Of late we have not heard much about
the stingless bees, through the columns
of the apicultural press, and it seems we
have to "go away from home to get
news." Just how much of the forego-
ing is truth, and how much is reporter's
twaddle, would be interesting to know.
Who can give us the necessary in-
formation?

Bee-Management for Beginners

The month of May, 1907, has been
perhaps the most backward for the
bees, as well as for everything else, on
record. It contained fewer good days —
days in which the bees could fly and
gather honey and pollen — than usually
occur in the month of April. Only bees
that had abundance of honey in their
hives early in the spring have been
able to pull through, unless feeding
was resorted to to keep them supplied
and to keep the queens laying. Snow
has fallen several times during the
month, there being half an inch or so
on the morning of the 28th. Even at
the best of times the cool nights pre-
vented the secretion of nectar in the
dandelions and other early flowers that
persisted in blooming in spite of the
weather.

The beginner who succeeded in hav-
ing his bees come through the past
winter and spring in good condition
may rest assured that the conditions
existing in the hive last fall have stood
the most severe test successfully, and
if he knows just what those condi-
tions were, and can have them the
same every year, he should never be
troubled with winter and spring losses
to any extent. But the same conditions
do not always produce the same results,
and "beginners' luck" often makes the
novice's hat too small for him. It is
almost safe to say, however, that none
of the younger class of bee-keepers has
come through the past month with the

idea still clinging to him that bee-keep-
ing is all '"beer and skittles," and the
earlier in his experience the beginner
learns this fact the better it is for him

But that is in the past — or should
be by this time, if we are to have any
honey season at all this summer, and
what is no doubt worrying the begin-
ner now is, when to put his supers on
and a few other things like that. The
average beginner seems to have an idea
that, as soon as a hive appears to be
full of bees, they are ready for a su-
per, or top story. This, however, is
not always correct. Let us see:

The super is for receiving the surplus
honey, that is, the honey gathered by
the bees over and above what they
require to feed themselves, and the
brood in the hive, and to produce wax
(for the production of wax by the
bees necessitates the consumption of a
large amount of honey). Now, the mere
fact that the bees appear to be car-
rying in a lot of honey is no sign that
they need additional room to store. Per-
haps they are not carrying nearly so
much as would appear to an mexperi-
enced person to be the case, and until
clover is well in bloom, it is seldom,
very seldom, that the Ipees gather honey
faster than they use it, for they use it
wonderfully fast at this time of the
year. There are cases where a hive
becomes so crowded with bees before
the rush of the white honey harvest
commences that it is necessary, or ad-
visable, to add an upper story to pre-
vent too much crowding, which induces
swarming. In these cases, if the bee-
keeper has any dark-colored combs, a
hive-body filled with these is placed over
the colony and the queen allowed to
occupy them with brood until the time
arrives for putting on the white combs
or the section supers to receive the
main honey-flow, which, as mentioned
above, comes chiefly from clover and
basswood over most of Ontario.

When the rush of honey begins, this
upper story of combs is removed, and
any containing brood may be given
to colonies which lack one or two combs
of having their hives fully occupied with
brood of their own. The bees must, of
course, be shaken or brushed (brushing
is better for combs containing brood)
into or in front of the hive from which
the combs are taken. If, before lifting
the upper story off^, a few good whifi^s
of smoke are sent down between the
combs, the oueen, along with many of
the bees, will be very likely to run
below and so be out of danger of in-
jury in hnndling the frames. Allow
rbout a nu'nute for the bees to run
down after the smoking before lifting
off the upper combs.

How are vou to know when honey is
coming in faster than the bees are
using it? When clover is nicely bloom-
ing and you see the bees coming in
with heavy loads — so heavv that they
often have trouble in navigating, and
fall short of the entrance of the hive
when returning to it — take a peep in the
top of the hive. If you see, between
the top-bars of the frames, that the
bees are whitening the edges of he
combs with new wax, and depositing
little flakes of white wax on the sides

of the top-bars, as if they were look-
ing for "a place to build more comb, it
is a sign the supply of honey is greater
than the demand, and the time has
arrived for the storing of surplus honey
if there is to be any worth storing.

When you see these conditions, re-
move the cover and the cloth under it,
if there is one, and there should be.
If running for extracted honey, put on
a queen-excluder, and on that place
the super of combs or full sheets of
foundation. Put on the cloth and
cover, and there you are. When run-
ning for comb honey, a queen-excluder
is not generally used, as a queen will
not lay eggs in the small combs in the
sections, except in very rare instances.
When the white honey-flow begins, any
colony which has not yet filled its hive
with brood and honey may be con-
tracted by having the combs which are
not occupied removed and replaced
with "dummies" or blocks of wood the
size and shape of a comb. This pre-
vents the bees from expanding their
living-room sidewise and forces them
into the supers. If the combs below
are left in their places, the bees will fill
them principally with honey, before
going into the supers. This principle
of contracting the brood-chamber to
hasten the storing of honey in the su-
per is all right when one wishes to see
how much honey he can secure from
his bees, without regard to how much
feeding he will have to do in the fall
to get his colonies up to tne winter
weight. The writer prefers not to be
greedy any more, but to let the outside
lower combs be filled solid with th^
best honey there is, which is none too
good for the bees in their long winter
confinement. Buckwheat honey maybe
all right for winter stores where no
honey-dew is stored along with it, but
that's not in Victoria county, as some
bee-keepers have learned to their sor-
row during the past two winters.

It seems early to be talking about
getting ready for winter, but if you are
going to be a successful bee-keeper,
there is one thing you must keep in
your mind in all your season's work,
and that is. that there is a wmter com-
ing. Don't think that because honey
is rolling in in June that it is going
to keep on rolling until the fall. If
you do, you will render yourself liable
to disappointment. Clover lasts about
6 weeks, as a rule. Basswood follows
it (sometimes) and lasts from 2 to 10
days. When basswood is done the white
honey-flow is past. — ^E. G. Hand, in
Canadian Bee-journal.
Fenelon Falls, Ont.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-

patre honey-pamphlet intended to help in-
crease the demand for honey. The first
part o; it contains a short article on'" Honey
as Food." written by Dr. C. C. lliller It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking: Recipes " and " Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey, the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a2-cent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents ; tOO for $1.25:
?50for $2.25: 500 for J4.0U: or 1000 for $7.50.
Your business card printed free at the bot-
tom of front paue on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to theofifice
of the American Bee Journal.

October, 1907.

Amc^rican ^e Journal

«!iaei:-

'Beedoiiv_>' ^

'Boiled T)owivy^

J

Empty Comb, Not Empty Space, Pre-
vents Swarming.

Listen to what that veteran bee-keep-
er, Moses Quinby, wrote : A large
amount of room filled with empty comb
will entirely prevent swarming; and
years of experience and experimenting
iias proven tlmt Mr. Quinby was right.
Let me illustrate this thing for you a
little further: Let a strong colony oc-
cupy a dry-goods box, the same being
4 feet square on the inside, they hav-
ing a space of only about 2,000 cubic
inches occupied with comb, and that
colony will swarm, notwithstanding all
the room there is in the box. But if the
whole box is filled with comb, no swarm
will issue under the conditions described.
— G. M. Doolittle, in Gleanings in Bee
Culture.

Breeding for Non-Swarming.

At the convention of Victorian apiar-
ists, the prevailing opinion seemed to be
that much could be done by proper se-
lection toward breeding out the swarm-
ing impulse. W. Garrett was reported
as having a colony that had not swarmed
for 2 years, and by breeding from that
colony he reduced swarming to 5 per-
cent. H. L. Jones said that 20 years
ago he was frantic through chasing
swarms, and has no trouble now,
through rearing his queens under a
non-swarming influence. Mr. Bolton
said that by rearing queens out of the
swarming season he had almost reached
a non-swarming strain. — Australasian
Bee-Keeper.

Hutchinson and Late Extracting.

Editor Hutchinson has become an ad-
vocate of leaving extracting-combs on
the hive till the close of the season, and
is quite enthusiastic over it. He says.
"It is then perfectly ripened and all
sealed over, and has a body and flavor
I never dreamed until I put this method
into practise."

As to having the hon-ey warm enough
to work well, he says:

"Honey warmed up artificially to as
high a degree as it will bear without
softening the combs too much, can be
extracted quicker and cleaner than
honey as it usually comes from the
bees."

He thus gives particulars as to heat-
ing, in the Bee-Keeper's-Review.

"Last year I heated up the honey by
means of a coal-stove; this year we are
using a Perfection kerosene-oil heater;
and it is perfection. It is the first oil-
burning stove I ever saw that would
not smoke. It has a cylindrical wick,
and just above the wick is a round plate
of iron called the 'flame spreader,' and
the wick is turned up until it strikes this
'spreader,' when it can go no higher,

and it won't smoke and can't be made
to do so. One end of the honey-house,
or cellar, is partitioned off, making an
'oven,' as we call it, large enough to
hold so or 60 supers. We fill this up at
night, light the stove just before we go
to bed, and turn the wick part way up,
so that the temperature at the top of
the room will stand at about 100 de-
grees. In tlie morning we re-fill the
stove, turn it on full blast, and go to
extracting, taking the first supers from
the top of the rooin. As some of the
piles are lowered, more supers are taken
from other piles and added to these,
thus bringing more honey up into the
heated 'zone.' As fast as there is va-
cant room, more supers are brought in,
and sort of a routine is followed where-
by one always has hot honey to work;
and more a-heating. It uncaps so eas-
ily, extracts so easily, and strains so
easily."

Several Queens in One Hive With-
out Excluder.

First, prepare a small box, about five
or six inches square, by boring a one-
half-inch hole in one end. This you
will for the present close, then remove
a part of its two sides and cover with
wire cloth so as to ventilate it well. This
we call our introducing-box. Take this
box and a common queen-cage to the
colony to which you wish to introduce
your choice queen, or several of them,
in fact ; remove its combs and put its
queen, without any bees, into the queen-
cage you have. While doing this shake
about a pint of bees of the colony into
the introducing-box. Close it and take
all their combs from the colony. These
can be placed on top of almost any hive
until next day. The hives now made
broodless, fill about half full of combs
containing some honey biit no brood.
Leave the colony alone until about sun-
down, after which it will show distress
over the loss of its queen and brood.
Now take the box of bees to the honey-
house, and at the same time the queen,
but don't set them near each other.
The bees in the little box will soon
miss their queen and have lots of trou-
ble.

After they have been confined about
five hours prepare some warm thin
honey, placing it in a dish so that, by
laying the box on one side, the bees
can easily reach the honey through the
wire cloth, but can not daub themselves
with it. Leave them this way until you
are sure that every bee in the box is as
full of honey as it can be, then give
them a little shake and remove the
cover from the hole in the end of the
box (remember it is about five hours
since they were confined in the box),
and let run in any number of queens
you wish, including their own mother.

Now return them to their dish of honey
so they can help themselves to all they
can cat until about sundown; then take
this introducing-box with its bees and
queens to the hive from which you took
the bees and their queen in the morn-
ing; set them to one side and feed the
colony all you can induce it to eat. Re-
move some of its combs and pour in
some of the honey you have been feed-
ing to the bees in the box. Shake some
of this honey out of its combs on these
bees, so every one will soon be full.
Now remove the cover of the introduc-
ing-box and set the box in the hive
alongside the combs. Close up the top
of the hive, and in the morning all the
bees and queens will be clustered on the
combs, and some of the queens will have
commenced to lay. You can now give
them the brood you took away from
them the day before, or let them fill
their combs with eggs, which five queens
will do in three or four days. '1 hat is
all there is of it.

You now have the colony all togethei
with their brood and their mother-
queen, and as many other queens as you
care to have in one colony. There has
not been a queen balled or injured in
any way.— E. W. Alexander, in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture.

Root Routs Robber-Bees.

It is not to the credit of a bee-keeper
that he allows conditions that induce
robbing; but sometimes a case will hap-
pen even with the most experienced, and
when bees have a good start at robbing
it is not the easiest thing to stop them.
Editor Root has a plan that would seem
to fit the most desperate case. He says,
in Gleanings in Bee Culture :

"Very lately we have found a remedy
that does away with the whole trouble,
and that, too, within a very few hours.
This consists simply of the use of a
robber-trap. This is nothing more noi
less than an ordinary hive having a
contracted entrance and a bee-escape on
the inside, so placed that bees can pass
in readily but not out. A wire-cloth
cone, or, perhaps, better, a regular Por-
ter should be used.

"We will assume that a bad case of
robbing has suddenly developed in which
the colony or nucleus is nearly over-
powered if not entirely so. If the at-
tack is confined to the one colony, the
problem is much simpler. In that case
we remove the attacked hive imme-
diately, and put it down cellar with the
windows all darkened but one, so that
the bees that do not belong in the hive
can escape and go back. On the stand
of the hive of the colony removed we
put the hive with the bee-escape on the
inside of the entrance, or what we will
call our trap, when, presto ! all the rob-
bers will rush into this hive and be im-
prisoned. It is only a matter of an hour
or so before they are all caught ; and
what was once a perfect uproar in the
yard will now be as quiet as though
nothing had eved happened. When this
condition prevails, or toward nightfall,
the attacked colony that was put in the
cellar is put back on its own stand, but
with its entrance contracted down to a
space so that only one bee can pass at
a time. A frame of young bees is
shaken into the hive, and nearly all the

October, 1907.

American l^ae Journal

honey is taken away, if any is left, and
in its stead will be given a cake of hard
dry candy. The robber-trap, with its
gang of mischief-makers, is now put
down cellar where it will be cool, and
where there will not be much danger
of suffocation. Strips of broken sec-
tions, or any pieces of wood not more
than one-eighth inch thick, are now
carefully slid between the cover and
hive-body containing the confined bees.
One of these is placed at each of the
four corners. This will make a gap of

w^.-

one-eighth inch between the cover and
the hive, or a crack just too narrow for
the bees to pass through. This is to
give the -bees ventilation; and a cellar
is just the p'.ace to put a lot of confined
bees. After being confined for two days
they may require to be fed. We would
advise keeping them shut up for a week,
or better, take them to an out-yard or
some location about two miles away
from the scene of their recent pow-
wows. Give them a queen or queen-
cell, and let them start house-keeping."

^^

Docfor Miller^
%esfioii-Ba

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

DR. C. C. MILLER, Marengo. 111.

Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Feeding Back Honey in Shallow
Frames

1. I have a number of shallow frames
of honey, and no extractor. I wish
to feed them back to the bees. What
is the best way to do it?

2. Some of these frames, which were
left in hives and put in a room upon be-
ing taken from the hives where they
were made, have become infested with
wax-larvx. I have fumigated them with
bisulphide of carbon. Will it be all
right to use these to feed back?

Iowa.

Answers. — i. I suppose the frames
are the same in size as those of the
brood-chamber, only not so deep. While
it would be better if they were full
depth, it will work very well to use
them in place of full-depth combs, put-
ting them in at the sides. Very likely
you can not thus dispose of them all
this fall, but they will come in very
handy in the spring, when you will take
out any combs that are emptied, or
nearly so, and put in shallow ones.
Of course, you must look out that they
do not get too close to the brood-nest,
for it would make trouble if brood
should get into any of them, and they
must be removed before the queen has
a chance to lay in them.

2. Yes.

their first return from the fields. To pre-
vent this, screen them in the hive for
a day or so, then just before opening
the entrance thump good and hard upon
the hive so the bees will be excited and
mark the location when they come out.
.\ board placed in front of the entrance
for them to bump against when they
come out will also help. If you wait
till they have stopped flying for a week
or so, they will stay pretty well wher-
ever they are put without any precau-
tion.

To answer fully your other questions
would exceed the limitations of this de-
partment, which is meant to supplement
the teachings of a book of instructions
in bee-keeping, and not to take its
place. If I should take up several pages
telling all about making increase, the
old subscribers would raise a hornet's
nest about my ears for taking up room
with stuff that might be copied from any
good bee^book. If you cannot have a
paper and a book, too, let the paper
go and get the book. You'll find a
whole lot of things in it, any one of
which will be worth the price of the
book; and when you have become famil-
iar with it there will still, most likely,
be questions you would like to ask, and
' such questions will be answered most
cheerfully in this department.

Getting Rid of Ants

Moving Bees-Preparing for Winter
— Increase

Some time ago I bought 5 colonies of
bees. What is the best way to move
bees from place to place? to prepare
them for winter? to increase my stock.

Indiana.

Answer. — If bees are moved as much
as a mile there will be little or no
trouble about their returning to their
old location. If moved only a few rods,
with no precaution, nearly all the field-
bees will return to the old location upon

I have a colony of bees that are mi.xed
with black ants. I saw some on the
hive last spring as soon as warm
weather commenced. Taking off the lid
to see if there were any honey in the
supers, I found that there looked to be
almost as many ants as bees. How can
I get them separated without killing
the bees? I am a beginner and have
read about ants being troublesome, but
know no way to get rid of them.

New Jersey.

Answer. — The probability is that there
is not so thorough a mixture of ants

and bees as you suppose, for unless the
bees are exceedingly weak they will not
allow the ants anywhere inside the
brood-nest itself. Very likely you use
quilts, or in some other way there is
a chance for the ants to find shelter
somewhere where the bees can not reach
them. When I used quilts, the ants
seemed quite fond of making their
nests on top of the quilts, perhaps
mainly for the sake of the warmth to
be found there. With board covers that
afford no such protection from the at-
tack of the bees, the ants keep their
distance. Logically, the thing to do is
to avoid making any such shelters
where the bees can not get at the ants.

Sometimes the ants have their nests
outside, and annoy the bees by trying
to get in. In that case, trace them to
their nest, take a crowbar and make a
hole into the nest, pour in 2 or 3
tablespoonfuls of bisulphide of car-
bon, and cover up quickly. If too
much trouble to get the bisulphide, gaso-
line will do some good.

Whether the nest be inside or outside,
you may poison the ants. Take 2 thin
little boards, put a piece of wood J/^-inch
thick or less (a piece of section is
right) between the 2 at each side, and
that will allow the ants to get between
them but keep out the bees. Now put
Paris-green or some other poison mixed
with honey between the little boards,
but not near enough the edge for the
bees to reach it, and place where it
will be convenient for the ants.

Ants in Hives

What is the best remedy for ants in
bee-hives? Ohio.

Answer. — Prevention is better than
cure. Have no place in the hive that an
ant can go and a bee can not. If the
ants have nests outside, pour bisulphide
of carbon in their nests. Gasoline will
also answer pretty well.

Ventilating Hives -Tiering Up Hives
in Wintering Replacing Brood-
Combs

1. To give ventilation to a dove-
tailed hive on a reversible bottom,
would any harm come from sliding the
hive backward until there is a bee-
space between outside edge of back of
bottom and inside edge of back of bot-
tom, or would sliding the hive for-
ward be better?

2. To what extent would you advise
tiering up hives for outside wintering,
say not more than 2 or 3 high?

3. To utilize all room on my 20-foot
platforms ne.xt season, is it advisable
to place hives 6 inches apart, with en-
trances alternated north and south?

4. I wish to replace all of the brood-
combs next spring with frames of full
sheets of foundation, leaving the 2
best combs for the outside ones. Is
this going it too strong, provided I
do it when fruit-bloom is on? Iowa.

Answers. — i. Sliding back would
make the bottom-bars rest on the rim
of the bottom-board, and the bees
would glue the two together, so slid-
ing forward would be better. When

I

October, 1907.

U^^^^^^^i American Hee Journal]^

working for extraced honey it is a
good plan to have an opening above
for ventilation, by shoving the upper
story forward so as to leave a crack
of ^-inch. Even when working for
comb-honey I make use of this kind
of ventilation during the hottest part
of the season.

2. Except the labor, and the trouble
to the bees in changing the location of
their hives. I know of no objection to
piling up hives 3 or 4 high, and there
is some advantage in the matter of
heat.

3. That will work, but you will prob-
ably find it better to have them in pairs,
the first 2 facing north, the next 2 south,
and so on. The bees are not likely
to make a mistake in getting into the
wrong hive of a pair; much more likely
to make a mistake in a row alternately
facing in opposite directions.

4. Yes, that would be going it rather
too strong to ask the bees to give up
their brood and start all anew at a
time when every effort should be made
to increase the force for the coming
harvest. Wait till just before the time
when there is danger of swarming, and
then it will be what is so popular with
many, shaking a swarm.

Using Brood-Frames for Extracting
Frames Old Honey-Extractor

I have some American frames about
r2xi2 inches inside, with a bar across
the center, fop-bars lj4 inches, and
notches for bees to pass up through.
The swarms were hived on starters in
1905, and the frames have been used
for brood ever since. I want to dis-
card them as brood-frames, and had
thought of making supers and using
them for extracting, over lo-frame
Langstroth hives. Of course, the
frames would be crosswise, also the
supers, and being about nn ''nch nar-
rower than the hives, it would leave an
offset at each side for bee.^ to travel
over when going up the side of the
hive. There is considerible drone-comb
in these frames.

1. Would these combs cause the
honey to be inferior in any way?

2. Would bees store nearly as much
(or quite) as in other extracting frames?

3. Do you think it would pay me to
use them for extracting?

4. If I buy a 2-frame non-reversible
extractor 25 years old, will I be sac-
rificing many improvements?

Pennsylv.^ni.^.

Answers. — i. Honey in those combs
ought to be as good as in any combs
used for the same length of time for
brood-rearing. Generally it is consid-
ered that there is no difference between
extracted honey taken from new combs
and that taken from the very old, black
combs. Some, however, who want to
get the very lightest honey for exhi-
bition purposes prefer new combs. If
you take a very black comb and let it
stand for some time filled with water,
the water when thrown out will be pretty
black, and it is claimed that honey in
such combs will also be to some ex-
tent colored. But for ordinary purposes
the difference is not considered.

2. There ought to be no dift'erence.

3. Yes, but for the sake of having
all frames alike many would prefer
to transfer the combs into your regu-
lar frames.

4. Your question itself suggests that
one of the improvements would be self-
reversing — a matter of considerable im-
portance. If you do a small amount
of extracting, the probable difference in
price would over-balance any disadvan-
tage; if you do a large amount, bet-
ter pay for all the improvements you
can get.

Queer Noise Among Bees

What is it that I hear in my Italian
bee-hive this time of year? It makes a
fuss like a queen. I heard the same
noise last spring before I shook a swarm
from it. Those bees have always done
queer things. Are there 2 queens in
there? and are they destroying one?

Answer. — Without hearing the noise
I cannot say what it means, and possi-
bly I couldn't say if I should hear it.
I've often put my ear to a hive and
heard the bees making various noises
without being able to make anything out
of it, except the piping or quahking of
young queens when an after-swarm is
contemplated. It is, of course, possible
that 2 or more queens are present in the
case in question.

Bees TronWed Witli Motli Larvae

My wife's father has a colony of bees
here that are not doing well (Aug. 6).
They swarmed along the fore part of
July or the latter part of June. I was
not here then and the folks did not see
them swarm, but I am confident they
did swarm, as there were several indi-
cations to show that they had. They
seemed to be gathering some honey
and had quite a lot of bees, some hav-
ing gone to the super, but they had not
stored an ounce of honey in the super,
and had been carrying out lots of young
bees, in size from the small larvae in
the bottom of the cell to the bees just
emerging from the cell. On opening
the hive yesterday I found a lot of
honey and pollen in the comb, brood
in all stages, and 7 out of 8 frames with
eggs. The older bees that were car-
ried out seemed to have a sort of white
web around them which made them
unable to fly, and in some cases almost
unable to walk. There were a few
moths in the hive last spring, but none
in the combs that I could see. I found
a few moth-worms under the frames
covered over or hemmed in with wax.
What is the disease, and what is the
remedy for it? The bees do not seem to
build up as they should, but there is
plenty for them to work on and other
bees are doing fairly well now. Io\v.\.

Answer. — The bee-moth is the mis-
creant that causes the whole trouble,
almost certainly. The larva of this pest
makes its gallery of silk along the sur-
face of the comb and deeper, and the
young bees thus injured are thrown out
of the hive by their older sisters. It
is hardly fair, either, to say that the
bee-moth causes the trouble. The cause
is a weak, inefficient colony, and the

bee-moth comes in only because the
colony is not vigoroOs enough to resist.

'I he remedy is a stronger colony, or
bees of greater vigor. Italian bees are
greatly superior to blacks in fighting
off the bee-moth, and if your bees are
black, the introduction of Italian blood
is the thing indicated. It is also pos-
sible that the queen is at fault, either
through age or some other cause. The
case is worse if there are more combs
than the bees can cover.

You may do something to help the
bees get rid of the larger worms pres-
ent. Take out a comb, note where a
worm has built its gallery, with the
point of a wire-nail pick a hole in one
end of the gallery, then start at the
other end and pick along till the worm
drops out, when you can treat it as your
conscience dictates.

Queen Passing Tlirouati Entrance-
Guard- Swarm Deserting Intro-
ducing Queens

[ bought a full colony of Italian bees,
which were shipped by express in a
shipping-case. As soon as I hived them,
off they went. I caught the swarm and
hived them again. I saw the queen go
in, got almost all the bees in the hive;
put on an entrance guard, and a half-
hour later all the bees were out again
on the same tree. I did not bother with
them any more, but before night they
all went back to the hive. The next
day the same thing happened, and I
did not see her any more. The bees
went to work. I had put on only start-
ers. Three weeks later 2 frames were
fully built and 2 half built, but laying
never began. I am sure now that there
is no queen at all.

1. Can a queen pass through an en-
trance-guard?

2. Why did the bees go out after I
had hived them in a new hive with
foundation-starters ?

3. I never use either veil or smoker
while I examine the hives, and take the
frames out one at a time, and never
was stung. Why did they sting me the
last time? Just as I had removed the
cover they rushed at my face and I
got 3 stings.

4. What is the best method of intro-
ducing a queen to a queenless colony?

LOUISI.AN.A.

Answers.- — i. Not if the entrance-
guard is perfect and the queen of nor-
mal size. Some have thought that when
a queen is not laying, her abdomen con-
sequently smaller than usual, she might
get through a perforation smaller than
when in full laying. But it is not the
size of the abdomen that prevents her
passage, it is the thorax. The abdomen
is soft and yielding, and when at the
largest it will easily flatten out to go
through any perforation large enough
to allow the passage of the thorax.
The thorax is a sort of bony structure
which is the same whether the queen
is laying little or much.

2. I have no means of knowing, but
the most common reason for the de-
sertion in such cases is that the hive
is in too warm a place, and too close.
Leaving the cover open a trifle helps,
also shading and sprinkling with water.

October, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

It also helps to give a frame of brood
from some other colony. If nothing but
starters are present, the bees may eas-
ily desert if everything is not entirely
to their liking.

3. Hard to say; there might be
something in the disposition of the bees,
in the state of the weather, or in your
handling.

4. For ordinary cases the usual plan
with a provisional introducing-cage is
pretty reliable. Somewhat safer is the
Abbott plan of caging the new queen
in the hive for 2 days without disturb-
ing the old queen, and at the end of
the 2 days removing the old queen and
allowing the bees to liberate the new
queen by eating out the candy. If you
want to be entirely safe, put 2 or more
frames of sealed brood over an excluder
on a strong colony, leave it till all the
brood is sealed, then take this brood,
-cvithout any bees, put it in an empty
hive, put the queen in, close it up bee-
tight, and set it where the brood will
not chill. In S days it may be set
on the stand where it is to remain and
a small entrance be opened. Of course,
the brood should be old enough so that
bees will be hatching out when the
queen is put in. These very young bees
know no _ other mother, and will be
entirely kind to the queen. One way
to keep the brood warm during the
S days' confinement is to set it over a
strong colony with 2 sheets of wire-
cloth to prevent communication be-
tween the 2 hives.

Breeding Dp for Winter- Drones

from Mismated ttueen- Honey

Deteriorating on Hive

1. I have 2 colonies that have had
drone-laying queens for at least 6 weeks.
Both queens were reared this year. I
sent for 2 tested queens and introduced
them to-day (Sept. 25), first removing
the drone-layers. Both colonies are still
strong in bees. By stimulative feeding
will the queens breed up to be in shape
for winter?

2. .\re the drones from a mismated
Italian queen still pure Italian, or are
they hybrids?

3. A claims that by taking the combs
off a hive immediately after thev are
sealed he can extract more and better
honey out of the combs than he can by
leaving them on a few weeks longer.
B claims that honey does not deteriorate
nor grow less in bulk or weight after it
is sealed when left on the hive a few
weeks longer, or until the end of the
honey-flow. Ontario.

Answ'ers. — I. Maybe, and maybe not.
Something depends upon the length of
time since any worker-eggs were laid
in the hive. You say drone-laying
queens have been present "for at least
six weeks." Of course it may have been
much longer than that, and all the work-
ers present rnay be getting pretty old
to go into winter quarters. It is also
difficult, even with feeding, to get
queens to lay at this time of year as •
they would in the early part of the
season. Even so, as the colony is still
strong in bees, if they are not too old,
the wintering may be successful.

2. It is generally considered that the

drone progeny is not affected by the
mating of the queen, although some
maintain that the blood of the queen
may be so affected as to affect the char-
acter of the drone progeny but slightly
in the direction of the drone which the
queen met.

3. Better compromise, and say that
the honey will improve in quality by
being left longer on the hive, part of
the improvement being that the honey
becomes thicker, and thus less in weight.
Some of the best bee-keepers leave the
honey on till the close of the season,
believing that the little loss in weight
will be more than overbalanced by the
gain in quality. Some bee-keepers have
done themselves lasting harm by throw-
ing on the market honey not fully
ripened.

Kind of Hive, Frames, Honey, Bees,
Etc.

1. What kind of a bee-hive would
you advise me to use in Norther Min-
nesota, 8 or ID-frame dovetailed?

2. Are Hoffman self-spacing brood-
frames all right for extracted honey?

3. What kind of cover and bottom
would you advise me to use? Is the
double air-spaced cover all right for the
North?

4. What kind of honey would you
work for, comb or extracted?

5. Which is the cheaper to produce?

6. Is it necessary to wire frames for
extracted honey?

7. What race of bees is best for all-
around purposes?

8. What bee-book do you think best
for a beginner ?

9. How do you increase bees arti-
ficially? Minnesota.

Answers. — i. Whether an 8-frame or
a lo-frame hive is best depends upon
circumstances. If you work for ex-
tracted honey, take the lo-frame. If
you work for comb-honey, the 8-frame
may be best. But its small size makes
toward great danger of loss in winter-
ing unless it have closer attention than
would be given by those who do not
make bee-keeping a good deal of a
specialty. So it will be the safe thing
for you to adopt the lo-frame hive for
either comb or extracted honey, unless
you expect to give the business very
close attention.

2. It is used by many for that pur-
pose, although some object that the
shoulders of the end-bars are in the
way of the uncapping knife.

3. A double cover with an air-space
between the 2 parts is all right for
North or South, summer or winter.
In winter it is warm, and in summer
the dead-air space helps to ward off
the heat of the sun. For a bottom-
board it is getting more and more to
be the thing to have a deep 'pace un-
der the bottom-bars in winter. But if
there be a deep space under the frames
in summer the bees will build combs
down under the bottom-bars. To meet
this a reversible bottom-board is much
used, one side allowing Yz-lnch or less
in summer, the other side allowing
.34-inch or more of space in winter. Al-
though the reversible bottom-board is

my own invention, I no longer use it.
preferring a deep space both summer
and winter. My bottom-boards are 2
inches in depth, and in summer I fill
the space partly with a sort of open-
work rack, which prevents the bees from
building down, while at the same time
allowing them more air.

4. If it were so that comb honey is
the best to work for under all circum-
stances, then all bee-keepers would be
producing comb honey, and the same
might be said of extracted. The fact
that some produce one kind and some
the other shows that comb is best for
some and extracted for others. I don't
know which would be best for you.
Possibly you can find out by trying
both on a small scale.

5. The outlay for comb is much more
than for extracted ; but of course comb
brings the higher price of the two.

6. It may not be absolutely neces-
sary, but while combs are still new, if
you attempt to use them for extracting
without having in them wires or some
other sort of support, you are likely to
break enough combs to pay a big price
for wiring.

7. Italians are generally considered
best in this country.

8. You cannot go amiss if you have
either or all of "A B C ot Bee Culture,"
"Bee-Keepers' Guide," or "Langstroth
on the Honey-Bee." If you want still
another, you might get ".\dvanced Bee-
Culture," or "Forty Years Among the
Bees."

9. Yes, but it's a long story, and
there are many ways. After you have
got your book and studied up the sub-
ject in that, if there are any special
questions you have on the subject they
will be gladly answered in this depart-
ment. You will find several pages de-
voted to the subject in "Forty Years
Among the Bees."

IRiworts

Fair Honey Crop.

We have a fair honey crop in this district.
The Ideal Hive Tool is light and effective.

John' S. Semme.vs.
Prowers, Colo., Aug. 30.

No Honey or Half a Crop.

I got no honey from our California apiaries
this year, and about half a crop from the
apiaries here in Utah. Tiios. Chantry.

Ferron, Utah, Aug. 30.

About Half a Honey-Yield.

I have had only ahmit half a yield of honey
so far this season. liut there is a fine pros-
pect for a fall honey -yield from asters and
golden-rod. W. S. Feeback.

Carlisle, Ky., Sept. 2.

May be a Fair Fall Flow.

Bees are still brinpinc; in some alfalfa honey.
If the weather favors us we may have quite a
fair flow from the last of heartsease and al-
falfa bloom. G. CoHRER, M. D.

Lyons, Kans., Sept. 2.

Gasoline for Foul-Broody Combs.

Take some combs whtre the bees have foul
brood; uncap them and soak them in gasoline;

October, 1907.

American Hee Journal

put tlu-m in (he extractor; throw ihe pasuUne
out, and put the gasoline back itiio I lie can
for future use. I use the combs aK.'iin after
this treatment. I find them perfectly safe to
use. I would like every person to try this
that has foul brood in the apiary.

W. 11. ir. Stewart.
Emerson, [11., Aug. ?S.

Poor Season for Bees.

This has been a very poor season for the
bees in this part of the country. The fore
part of the season was cold and wet so that
they have had a very poor chance to do any-
thing. JOSIAII SwiNEilART.

West Salem, Ohio, Sept. lo.

Good Fall Honey-Flow.

The sumniir honey crop liere was only a
third of a croup, but we are now having a
wonderfully good fall flow. I shall get some
surplus from golden-rod and asters for the first
time for several years. Ai,i,en Latham.

Norwich, Conn., Sept. 20.

Very Little Honey.

I have liad 2 swarms from 70 colonies, and
very liltic honey this- year. The bees are do-
ing very well now. We live in hopes that they
will be better next year.

Palmyra, Mo., Sept 14. Joseph H. Baker.

Backward Season — No Honey.

This has been a very backward season, and
now it is very cool — 60 to 65 degrees- above
zero. The bees ought to be putting in their
best licks on Spanish-needle bloom, but there
is no honey to speak of so far.

Milo, Mo., Sept. 11. Chas. M. D arrow.

Poor Honey Season.

This has been a very poor honey season with
me. One out-yard of 10 colonies produced 500
pounds of extracted honey, and the other out-
yard of 30 colonies, only 280 pounds of ex-
tracted honey. The home-yard of 20 colonies
will have no surplus honey. L. E. Altwein.

St. Joseph, Mo., Sept. 10.

Poor Prospects for Fall Flow.

We are having very dry weather here, and
poor prospects for a fall honey-flow, but most
of the bees have plenty of good stores for win-
ter, also a good reserve in the honey-house for
feeding in case of need. Grant Anderson.

Sabinal, Tex., Aug. 27.

Bee-Culture Discouraging.

Bee-culture here is very discouraging this
year. I have 25 colonies and will not get one
pound of surplus honey. The bees are hardly
making a living, as there is too much cold
and rainty weather in the Ohio Valley.

Henry Lewedag.

Wheeling, W. Va., Aug. 28.

Honey for Local Demand.

The early part of the season was poor for
honey, but the last month or so the bees have
done well, and there will be more than enough
to lupply the local demand. Comb honey sells
for 15 to 20 cents per pound. This county,
I believe, is the banner bee-county in Illinois,

Warsaw, III., Sept. 24. ' Taul Heise.

Fall Honey Crop Promised.

I have 98 colonies of bees. The honey-yield
was light from clover. There promises to be
considerable fall honey at this time, as the
flow is about half over. We had a frost late
in May, which killed all of the early bloom.

W. A. SWEARINGIN.

Epworth, Ky., Sept. 23.

Sunrac — Wormwood — Psoralea.

I send you 3 different kinds of plants, as
I would like to 6nd out their names. I have
attached a number to each.

If No. I in any way a poisonous plant?
The berries of this plant are the same as on
fiumacy but the leaves are different. It growi
to tbe height of about 6 feet and in bushes,

la not No. 2 a good honey-plant?

No. 3 grows to the height of about 2 feet,
has a smell somewhat like peppermint, has

small blue blossoms, and yields quite a little
honey, and also grows in bushes.

Stratton. Colo., Aug. 4. Peter Boiim.

[Plant No. 1 is the fragrant sumac— /?/i«.f
aronuUica-^and is not poisonous. Several of
the sumacn are poisonous. The sumacs are
generally good honey -plants.

No. 2 is the Kansas wormwood — Artcmcsia
Kansana — and is probably a good honey-plant
in common with the wormwoods in general.

No. ^ is the black-dotted Psoralea — Psoralea
ohliisiloba — and as it bi lonps to the pea fam-
ily, wonUl naturally produce honey. — C. I«.
Walton. 1

Light Crop of Honey.

I have bad a very liybt crop of linney this
year: an<l never have T had so much swarm-
ing in tlie month of August in my 30 years'
keeping bees. Tliey arc breeding strong, and
consuming more honey than they arc hring-
inir in from the field. J. C. Creichton.

Harrison, Ohio. Aug. 30.

Hard Year for Bees.

This has been a hard year on bees here.
Rut by close attention I have done very well
with them. T have taken as IukIi as too
pounds of surplus honey from some hives.
Most of the bees in this country are kept
by haphazard bce-kceprs, and hardly any of
them have secured any surplus at all.

J. W. Ferguson.

Pierce City, Mo., Sept. 2.

Very Poor Season.

This has been a very poor season here. It
was either too cold or too dry, or both.

T started in the spring by purchasing a
.^-frame nucleus, which has built up, by feed-
ing, into a rousing-strong colony, but they
have gathered no surplus at all this year.
They just about made a living, and that is
all. I intend to try natural swarming for a
few years till I find out more about the busi-
ness, before making artificial increase.

Curtis, Okla., Aug. 12. J. W. Jackson.

Starting with Bees — Catnip.

Only one year ago last spring I put my
attention to bee-culture, having been keeping
bees in what might be called a pot-luck, hap-
hazard way. To start with I had 14 old blacks
and bought 4, making 18. I then bought 2
nuclei of the so-called Red-Clover Italians,
and went to Italianizing my black bees by
the introduction of Italian queens, chaneing
10 of them. In the fall I had increased to
39 colonies, with a surplus of Soo pounds of
section honey. I then put 5 colonies in the
cellar for wintering, leaving the balance on
the summer stands with winter protection.

My winter loss was 2 in the cellar, and one
colony out-doors, leaving me 36 to start with
last spring — 22 blacks and 14 Italians. Only
3 of the blacks gave me _ any surplus, and
none of them swarmed. I have since, for the
last 3 weeks, been giving them Italian nueens,
reducing the blacks to 13, which I will also
renueen.

The t4 Italians gave me, up to this date,
? natural swarms and 2100 po.unds of ejec-
tion honey. One swarm that came off Mav
20 has stored 146 pounds of honey, and will
likely fill another 28-section super. The 14
will average over St; rounds apiece, and are
just boiling over with bees. I am now taking
off supers and dividing each of a part of
them into 2. As to any difference in the
different breeds of Italians. I much prefer
the 3-band or all-yellow small bees to the long-
tongued Red-Clover strain, for work and hus-
tle. The small yellow ones are hustlers, and
seemingly more hardy and prolific.

I have hit upon a shade or protection from
the hot sun by planting a hop-root at the
sun-side of each hive, which runs up on
poles about a foot above the top of the tiive,
and as the shoots come out, I twine them in
and soon have a perfect shade from early in
July. And they are now full of hops, making
a fine show.

Last summer, just after harvest, I set out
tooo catnip plants in rows, 3 feet apart, and
have cultivated until too large to get throush
this season. On July 15 it began to bloom
and h;is been in continual bloom ever since.
and will be till frost takes it. There are new
shoots coming out all the time, till now it has
as high as 300 or 400 heads on one plant,
and is just swarming with bees from as earlv
as «; MO in the morning till dark in the
evening, which is not the case with anv other

honcy-plant I know of, some yielding nectar
only in the forenoon. And the plants will
last at least two seasons if not three, and
still longer. I have ni>w set out for the next
season over another thousand. Some one said
(hat it would not [>ay lo cultivate pasture for
bees alone, hut I think he is mistaken.

As to other honey -plants and nectar yielding
sources, we have bassw(»od, sonic white clover,
smart weed, and a large amount of sumac,
which is a large part of our bee-supply. There
is plenty of golden- rod. hut the bees seldom
wfirk on it. There will also be quite a crop
of the fall asters— blue and white. Our buck-
wheat doesn't seem to yield much nectar.
There were only about 3 or 4 forenoons of
the bloom. W. S. Williams.

Martha, Pa., April 23.

Subscpiption Price Now 50e a Year

On July 1, 1907, when we decided to
change the American Bee Journal from
a 16-page weekly to a 32-page monthly
publication, we reduced the price from
$1.00 a year to 25 cents. We have since
discovered that the 25-cent rate was en-
tirely too low, in view of the kind of a
bee-paper we are making every month.
We do not wish to lower the standard
now, and as labor, materials of all kinds
including white paper, etc., have ad-
vanced in cost, we feel that the best
thing we can do— in fact, the only thing
to do — is to put the subscription price
at 50 cents a year ; in Chicago, 75 cents ;
in Canada, 60 cents; and in all other
countries in the Postal Union, 25 cents a
year extra for postage, or 75 cents.
These new rates began with Septem-
ber, 1907.

We are sure that our hosts of readers
and friends will feel we are doing the
right thing in this, as they certainly
would not want us to continue at too
Iowa subscription price. At 50 cents a
year, this 32-page copy would cost the
subscriber only about 4 cents — two 2-
cent stamps — surely cheap enough,
when its valuable contents are consid-
ered. Why, " Dr. Miller's Question-
Box'' alone is worth many times the
subscription price, to say nothing of all
the other valuable departments.

It is our intention to keep the old
American Bee Journal at the head of
the procession, where it has been for so
many years. An-d to do this we will
need the hearty co-operation of all our
readers. There are yet thousands of
bee-keepers who have never heard of
the American Bee Journal. Many of
them are your neighbors ; can you not
show them what they are losing by not
having it every month ?

On another page weofifer many useful
things as premiums for getting fietc sub-
scriptions. We will be pleased to mail
sample copies to any names and ad-
dresses of bee-keepers that may be sent
to this office. If every present sub-
scriber would send in just one new sub-
scription during this month, by Nov.
1st our list would be doubled. Why not
do at least that much to help along a
good cause— your own cause ? We are
ready to do our part — will you, dear
reader, not join with us in putting the
monthly circulation of the old American
Bee Journal up to where it ought to be ?

Pennsylvania Convention

The 4th annual meeting of the Penn-
svlvania State Bee-Keepers' Association
will be held at Harrisburg, Oct. 29, 1907
— the dav before the National — in the

October, 1907.

American Hee Journal

Capitol building. The first session will
convene at 1 p.m., and be devoted to
business. In the evening there will be
an informal meeting without any fixed
program .

The National and the U. S. Hotels,
and the Hershey House, have offered to
accommodate those who attend the con-
ventions for $1.50 per day. The Y. W.
C. A. will entertain the ladies for 75
cents per day.

Owing to the unsettled conditions no
reduction in railroad fare will be granted
us this year.

A cordial invitation is extended to all
who are interested in bees. There will
be exhibits of honey, and all are invited
to contribute to them.

Franklin G. Fox, Sec.-Treas.

Erwinna, Pa.

ETAn 0«iIa —Alfalfa honey. If you want nice
■ *" •**•■«» h<mey for the table try a can of
Colorado alfalla honey, (5 a can of HO lbs. F. O. B.
-3 A A, LYONS, R. F. D. No. 2, Ft. Collins, Colo.
Bleutlon Bee Journal nrlien writing.

Fnmt Qal«»— '"■a'^re honey, beet, fruit and
', y* •^«H«S alfalfa ranch, with 125 colonies
of bee-'i. Cheap, if taken soon.

R. S. BECKTELL, Grand Valley, Colo.
Mention Bee Journal n-lien ^vrltlng,

C_„ C.«l.i»^-"," surplus young- tested Red
lOl adlG (-'over and Golden Queens-50c
c ' . ~ ?,?=';■ H. .4. ROSS, 1709 Upper

Sec. St., Evansville.lnd.

Mention Bee Journal

when Tvritlng,

CHOICE TABLE HONEY

Direct from Apiaries, F. O. B. Car. One can (60
lbs.) net $i.-Ji; two cans $s.l(i,

30-tf CHEEK & WALLINGER, Las Animas, Colo.
Mention Bee Journal

when writing.

Western Bee-Keepers Z^^^Vl'.

how to save money. Send tor our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
THE COLORADO HOSEV PRODUCERS' ASS'K. Denvfr. Colo.
9Atf Please mendon the Bee JourBal.

of Li^ht Am-
lierHoneyfor
sale-put u p
in 60-lb. cans.

10,000 Pounds

8c per lb., orTc per lb. for the l.it.

T. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
Mention Bee Journal when writing.

HONEY FOR SALE

3 tons. White Comb. $3.50 per case: Amber
and Buckwheat, $3. 24 Ideal sections in glass-
front case; most of latter is capped white as
clover. Less than 4 cases 25c per case e.xtra.
Amber extracted, two 60-pound cans to case,
° '^^'i^ Folding Cartons for iH sections, $4
per iOOO. Bees and Queens for sale in season.
QtllKIN-The-Qneen-Breeder,

Bellevue, Ohio 30-3

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this couiitry
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Qaeens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for $6 So. Tested, $LuO,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June I, $2.tO GEO. W. BARNES.

I5A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

flnoel'sGolden Beauties

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equals and no superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for f I; an extra-
select breeder for $2.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANQEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, EVANSVILLB, IND.

Write for My Introductory Offer on a Fine
Sample WILLIAMS PIANO or. ORGAN

■ I nm sen-hng some of the finest, sweetest-tonetJ
Williams PiunoH and Organs we make into muny
communitieB as samples of our work. It's our
Bpecial way of advertising-, as we have no apcnt.^^
,or stores. If you write at once, I will tell you how
^you can try one of these fine sample instruments
in your own home entirely at our expense' of
freight and all. Then, after you've tried it for
a month or so — after you've had your friends
try it — after you've tested its easy action— after
you've enjoyed its rich, sweet tone for which
WilUrtms Pianos and Organs are celebrated— after
ynuare convinced that— all in all— it's one of the
finest-looking, sweetest-toned instruments von
, .^ ^ . , . ^ ^ ^^'^^ «*"^ or heard, then, if you wish, you miiv

buy It at our special introductory price and take

Your Choice of 27 Plans of Easy Payment

on the pian.. or of 6ve plans on organ. You may select the plan that's easi

we will trust you. no matter \vhere you live. I ruarant.-e each sample piam. _ _

•s fine as those I made f .r the fiiniouil sane writers, Prof.E. «S. ^xeM. Prof: I . H. Gabriel, and the hundreds 1
of other well-known musicians y..u wiU And in the tr.c book we are (roins to send you This is the best chance you will
ever have to eet a fine piano or orsan ..n your own terms. WRITE A PO.^TAL OR LETTER TODAY and say. -Send me free
Sample Offer. Plans of Easy Payment and R..,k about (state which book-piano or oriran 1 •■ A.idress carefully as follows.
H. B. » ILUAJS, Vlce-Prea., WlUlama Urgan H Piano Co., Koom 601 53 nashinftoo St., Ihicago

6W

Bottles,
Jars

o f every
descrip-
tion

HONEY-
DEALERS

C. C. STUTTS GLASS CO., Manufacturers,

80 Warren St., NKW YORK, N. Y.

30-5 Write for iilustration.s.

Mention Bee Journal frben ivriting:.

Articles Wanted

The Bee-Keepers' Review would be slad
to e-xamine, with a view to their purchase,
articles of a helpful nature for practical bee-
keepers. It is not that it has run short of
material, that this request is made, but
because it wishes the best correspondents
that it is possible to secure, and takes this
method of letting bee-keepers know of this
desire. It would especially like articleson the
production of comb honey. If the informa-
tion can't be crowded into one article, then
write two. or three, or even half a dozen: in
fact a series on this subject would be par-
ticularly desirable. Don't hesitate to write
because of inexperience in that line— a new
writer sometimes turns out to be a treasure,
while an old wi iter's articles may be "twice
told tales." If you have had e.xperience, or
possess knowledge, the telling of which may
help your brother bee-keepers, send in an
article. If used, if will be paid for. gener-
ously. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint. Mich.
Mention Bee Journal «^ben nriting.

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian Queens— each 75 cents or 6 for $4.
Caucasians— each $1, or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOGHER, Pearl City, III.

Mention Dee Journal nlien vtriting.

8

percent

off

catalog

prices |

un

til April

1.

Send f

or

my 1

32

-pa^e 1

St of all kinds of |

Bee-Suppl

es.

etc.

.

.

W.

D. SOPER.

JACKSO.\

. M

CH.

IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK

That Clivers the whole Aiiicultural Field
mure comi)Ietely than any other pub-
lished, send $l.:i()lo

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,
"BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE"

Liberal DiM-ouiits to the Trad*-.

Moore's Lon^-Ton^ues
and Golden Queens

Fine Select Untested Queens $1 ; f, for $4.50; 13
fur*». Tested Queens. *1.L'.;; li lor %f,M- Best
Breeders, ^, Sate arrival guaranteed.

W. H. RAILS, Orange, Cal.

Meutioii Bee Ji»urn;ll ivlieu \vriting.

Successful Poultry Journal

FltANK liKCK, Editor

Subscription Price 50 cents per Tear,

Write for AdTertisingr Rates.

The most prominent, successful and practical poul-
trynien writeforthe Successful Poultry Journal, and
tell how they build their hou>es. mate their fowls,
manage their incubators, feed both young and old —
and, in fact, tell how they succeed and make money.
Send for sample copy.

Successful Poultry Journal

355 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Established 18i7

Northwest Farm and Home

I't'IiLISHKI) BY

'Washing^ton Farmer Publishing Co.

Capital Stock, $100,OOJ (Incorporated)

North Takima, Wash.

Subscription, per year.SlOO. General cir-
culation amongr three millon people west of
St. Paul and niL rth of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Idlest elea^ant
descriptive MaR'azine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America.

Bees

A 40-page Catalog free.

The latest work on BEE-
SUPPLIES, Hives, Fixtures,
Etc. Italian Bees and

Queens. If interested in bees, do not

fail to write us.

Jotin Nebel & Son Supply Co., Eigh Hill, Ho.

Mention Bee Journal ^vlien n-riting:.

October, 1907.

American ^ne Journal i

TENNE5SEE-BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-ban(] from Imported Dark Leather, Moore's LouK-ToaKue, or my own. Goldens from
LawB, Doolittle'sor my own. Caucasians and Carnlolans from direct Im[)orted.

Aftkk Ai'BII, 15Tn.

Italians Before July 1st

i After Julij 1st |

CflRNIOLflNS

GflUGflSmNS

1

0

12

1

6

13

1

0

la

1

0

1«

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

$ .75

100
l.BO
2.00

$ 4.00

5.00

8 00

10.00

$ 7.50

9.00

15.00

18.00

« .60

.75

1.25

1.50

*3 25
4.25
6 50
8.00

t 600

8.00
12.00
15.00

t .85

1.10
1.60

3.10

$4 60
550
8.50

10..50

{8 00

9.50

15.50

18.50

{ .95

1.20
1.70
2.20

t 5.00

6.00

900

11.00

$850
10 00
16 00
19 00

Straight 5band Golden Breeders $10.00

Select Golden Breeders 3 00

" 3-band " 8.00

" Carniolan " 3. 10

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hive 6.00

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices,
orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No beedise:

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM ^ Extracts from Catalogs— 1907:

OLEAN *^-7fB Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111.— This is the Smoker we

BEE SMOKER H^^ o recommend above all others.

£ u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-

* ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.
IS" A. 1. Root Co., Medina, Ohio.— The cone fits inside of the cup

so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 — S^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large — lasts longer than any other 90— 2J^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—3 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-offlce free. We send circular if requested.

Or'giual Bingham it Hetberingtoa Uncapping-Knife.

T. F. BINGfifliW, Farwell. Midi.

Patented May 20, 187'i. BEST ON EARTH.

(It

In every country ttie snccessful ailyertlser is tlie continnous ailyertiser."

\ nublisher Fails — Forced Sail
Tliis is yo\ir Gairv

resident!
ivdand says I

This History!

J fiU an I

1am pi a

long publica-l

IS intcndeiJ I

give wider I

milia r

vith hisiori-l

REE

OUPON

^-i-:^

tM:

i^Veight
«,Boxed

.ssi

■ritan Under-
rilers Corporalion,
10 Wdbaih Av.. Chicago

Pltase ship to me, prepaid, a
mplcte set of the Library of Ur

(or Rue days Ire
terms slated by y
nivrlcftD B«e Jounul

PPORTUNITY HNOCH5 AT YOUR DOOR NOW. We are compelled to
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read it with delight, charmed by its splendid pictures and vivid style.

These 15 massive volumes sKipped free

/> fiffor! ^^ ^^^^ ^^^ books, complete set. 15 volumts, prepaid, to you at once for

UUr UnCr . ^ve days' free examination. If found satisfactory, send us 50 cents within
days and %2 monthly for 10 months for Silk Cloth binding. (This is 520.50 for the 15
'olumes, v.'hile the publishers price was $45,00.) For 3-4 Red Morocco binding, send us
50 cents within five days and $2-75 monthK- for 10 months or a total of $28. Publisher's
pnce was $60. If the library is not perfectly satisfactory after five days' examina-
tion in your own home, notify us and we v.'ill have it returned at our expense.
You run no risk whatever, but act promptly as the sets are going fasL Cut
out and mail the coupon herewith, or a copy of it now.

American Underwriters Corporation,

.(hifrtr.t»a "^ X^ Finance Apients 240 Wabash Ave., Chicago, III.

3-Ban(led Italian Bees

The Ijest ailaioiind lJ^r^.■^ un earth. .My
stock is ciimposed of selections from my
own strain of 3-bancled Italians that were
awarded diploma at the Pan-American Ex-
position, and The A. 1. Root Co. clover stock.

Tested (lueens, $1.00; select tested queens,
$1.50: fair breedins; queens. $3.00: e.ttra-select
breeders, $5.00-ready to uo promptly. IJn-
tested queens, 75c: select untested queens,
$1.00— ready early in March. Yours for a
prosperous 1907,

W. 0. VICTOR,

Queen Specialist, HONDO. TEXAS

A. "Prophet of Trofit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if your

effort IS intelligently directed.
Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

Profitable Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limitc'l time only 25 cents per year.

FENCE ^r^a"?ft'

Matir of High Carbon Double Strength
|ColU-.l AVire. Heavily Galvanized to
iprevent nitit. Hii\t- no agents. StU at
ifactory prices on 30 days' free trial.
jWe pay all freight. '•'•> lidi-'hls nf furra
land itniiltry ft-mi-. Catalog Free.
I COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
Box 89 Winchester, Indiana

Mention Ilee Journal ^vhen 'writing.

WANTED TO BUY for HASH

Comb and Extracted Honey

ALSO BEk^SWAX

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,
4263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

In lt» ThlrtlBth Year

The Rural Californian

One Dollar a Year

A larpe monthly inajrazine devoted to Agri-
cultural. Hortieultural and Rural pursuits,
showinj; tile wonderful development of the
Pacitle Coast. Beautifully illustrated, well
etiited, and artistically jirinted on fine book-
paper. An encyclopedia of information for
colonists. Address,

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN

Room.s fi and 7 Temple Block,

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

Cnnnlal flflor -for $1.15 we will sendtheRural
opciildl UIIBI. Calitornian and the American

Bee J(_»urnal for i>ne year.

$1 to $3 a pair.
RegisteretJ
Homing: P i g-
eons; Big Squab
Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian Hares:
Fancy e.xperiment station; crosses in all
colors. Mail orders filled.

FOR SALE

HULBERT

GLEN ELETJf, ILL.

mi

YOUR OWN CUT
GREEN
BONE

It's a very easy, sim-

, plo i.nerarion with a

' CROWN Bone Cutter.

^Green bone makes e^jjs. and

.stimulates the hen's pruduct-

,live (Ttraus. Cut hone fresh

■very day. The Crown does it

luiikly with no bother vr muss. __ ,

Iiuildiiitr eutters. Write for free cataloe. I
^WILSON BROS., Box 618, EASTON. PA.J

American Hq^ Journal

October, 1907.

SPECIAL CLUBBING M PREMIUM OFFERS

In Connection With The

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

Ytdir name an<I addressput

un (ine side (pI the handle as
shown in cut. and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee, a worker,
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
and transparent,
through which is
seen your name.
If yon lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to you, or
serves to identify
you if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cut is exact
size. Be sure to
write exact name

7 and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Priceofknife
alpne. postpaid, $1.25.
With year'R subscrip-
tion, $1.50.
Free for 5
new 50c sub-
scriptions.

I

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLO-NiB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really good
pen. As far as
rue usefulness
goes it is equal
■ any rf the high-
priced, much-
.■ertised pens,
ou pay more it's
name you're
^^.^ . charged for. The Gold

Nib is guaranteed U Karat gold.
Indium pointed. The holder is
hard^rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. The cover fits snugly and
can t slip off because it slightly
wedges oyer the barrel at either
end. 1 his pen is non-leakable.
It is very easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. The simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting. Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in box with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown ?i ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid. $1.2.S. With
a year's subscription. $1.50.
Given free for 5 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each.

I

QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE

The Monette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for u?e in
catching and clipping
Queens' wings. JH
inches h'gh. It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
( int.-.

I 'rice alone, post-
paid. 25 cents. With a
year's subscription. 60
cents. _ Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

A special tool inven.
by a i^Iinnesota bee-
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral workaround
theapairy. Made
of malleable iron.
S^ inches long. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is 1 7-8inches long.
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, ending like a
screw-driver. T h e
larger end is wedge-
shaped havingasharp,
semi-circular edge,
making it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc., as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. Miller, who has
used it since 11303 says,
January 7, 1907; "I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
25 cents. With a year's
subscription, GO cents.
(iiven free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50
cents each.

PREmiuin

QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens,
reptjrts of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent only after May 1st.
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
75 cents each, 6 for $4.00,
or 12 for $7.50. One queen
with a year's subscrip-
tion. $1.00. Free for
3 new 50c. subscriptions.

HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

. -CrTj^iSvC^' O WONT rou BEE ny HONEY

^-^p'?- fe fg^J ^0 CHCER THIS lONtLr mEuRT?
'"'" ' "■ -'^^•* l^''" ■ WOULD MUO YOU «LL THE Tint,

/•i^eEAR TO

-fcfc'OU

And wr WOULD ufver pakt

- fli»«

A "Teddy Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep." Size
3'4x5!4. printed in four colors. Blank
space I''4x3 inches is for writing. Prices —
3, postpaid. 10 cents; 10 for25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription, 60 cents. 6
j^iven free for one 50-cent subscription.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

„^<>rty Years Among the Bees, bv Dr. 0. C.

Miller.-Ml pages, bound in handsome clotli,
withjrold letters and design, illustrated with 112
beautiful half-tone pictures, taken bv Dr.
Miller. It IS a good, new storv of successful
bee-keeping by one of the masters, and sliows
in minutesc detail just how Dr. Miller -(loes
things with bees. Price alone, il.oo. With a
year s subscription. «i.-.>.5. Given free for 4 new
subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Advanced Bee Culture, bv W. Z. Hutchin-
son.-The author is a practical and hebjful
writer. 330 pages; bound in clol h, beautiiullv
illu.strated. Price alone. $1.20. \Vith a year's
subscription, »!.«. Given free for 5 new sab-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

A B C of Bee Culture, bv A. I. & E. R.
Root.— Over 50U pages describing everything
pertaining to the care of hoDev-bees. ilio en-
gravings. Bound in cloth, price alone, si 20.
With a year's subscription, $1.4,-. Given tree
for.S new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Scientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically
Applied, by G.M. Doolittle.-How theverybest
queen-bees are reared. Bound in cloth and il-
lustrated. Price alone, $l.uu. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.2.5. Given free for 4 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each, in leatherette binding,
price aione, 7.5 cents. Witha year's subscription
Jl.oo. Given tree for 3 new subscriptions
at 50 cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook.-This book is in-
structive, helpful, interesting, thoroughly
practical and scientific. It also contains anat-
oniy and physiology of bees. ,544 pages, 295
Illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price ah ne, $1 *'0
Wltk a year's subscription, il.i:.. Given tree
tors new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

lanestroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic has l»een entirely re-
written. Fully illustrated. No apiarian library
is complete without this standard work by "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 520 pages,
bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
subscription, {1.45. Given free tor 5 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

'"The Honey -Money Stories. "-A 64-paEe
booKlet. Containing many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts and interesting items
.about honey. The manufactured comb-honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two item's
each occupying a full page. Has 33 line illus-
trations ot apiaries or apiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs. This l>ooIclet should be
placed in the han<is of everybody not familiar
with the food-value of honev, for its main
obieet IS to interest people in lioney as a daily
table article. Price 25 cents. With a year's
subscription, BO cents. Given free tor 1 new
subscription, at 50 cents.

Three copies for .50 cents; or the 3 with a year's
subscription 75 cents; or the 3 copies given
tree for 2 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is a bee-Aeeper's handbook of 138
pages, which is just what our German friends
will want. It is fully illustrated, and neatly
bound in cloth. Price aione. $1.00. With a year's
subscription. $1.25. Given free for 4 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A stiflf board outsiile like a book-cover with
cloth back. Will hold ensilv 3 vniumes (36
numbers) uf the American bee Journal. Makes
reference easy, preserves copies from loss,
dust and murilatioQ. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription $1.0ii. Given
free for 3 new subscriptions at 50 ceuts each

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has ■nood back but no
covers. Price pt>stpaid, 20 cents. With a year's
subscription fiO cents. Giveu Iree for 1 new
subscription at 5i) cents.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few of these handsome "bronze-metal**
clocks left. Ease Id', inches wide, hy 9'^ inches
hiph. Desiprnis a straw skep with cluck face in
Imiddle. Suitable fur i>arIor— an ornament for
any place. Keeps excellent time, durable
and reliable. Weijrht, boxed. 4 pounds. You
pav express charges. Price. $I..iO. With ayear's
subscription, Jl.T.'i. Given free for 6 new sub-
scriptions at 5'J cents each.

SEND AM ORDERS TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 118 W. Jackson, Chicago, III.

Oclober, 1907.

American Vee Jonrnal i

Fall Supplies

-FOR-

Bee-Keepers

lOverytliint; you want. All made
Ijy MS in our own factories. At
Lowest Prices.

THE AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER, a monthly at 5Uc a
year. Published 17 years.

Sample copy and illustrated cat-
alog; and price-list FREE.
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO.,

Dept. B.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal ivlien irrltlng.

HONEY

We hiivesome tine, thick white e.xtracted honev.
■-' can.s to a case, 124 lbs. at 9 cts. a lb., .5 cases
s '4 cts. lb., 10 cases SH; cts. lb. Samiile 10 cts.

HONEY- JARS

No. 2,1 jar $,">„iil ffro.ss. ;i gross $,1,L',5 gross. 1 lb.
square jars f..liii gross. Cataloj.' of supplies free.

I. J. STRINGHAM,
lOJ Park Fl., N. Y. City
-Apiaries, Glen Cove, L, I,
Mention Uee Journal tvben writing.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically Inde
•trnctlble, and giving entirely satisfactory re
salts. Comb foundation made easily and
quickly at less than half the cost of bnylns
from the dealers. Price of Press for L. frame
sheets, 12.00. Other sizes, 25 cents extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

<5Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN

ITALIAN AND CAUCASIAN

BEES, QUEENS and NUCLEI

Choice home-bred and im-
porltd sloik. All Queens
■ earfd in full colonies.

One Untested Queen $ .75

" Tested Queen 90

" Select Tested Queen 1.10

" BreeierQueen 1.65

" Comb Nucleus (no

Queen) 80

" Untested Caucasian

Queen 1.25

" Te<ited Caucasian

Queen 1.75

Safe arrival guaranteed. For prices
on larger quantities and dfscriptio'- of each
grade of Queens, send for FREE cATALOG.

J. L. STRONG

204 E. Logan St , Clak-nda, Iowa.
Mention Bee Journal Tvlien irrltlng.

Headquarters for Bec-Supplics

I Honey J; Honey?

We have just received several carloads of
Water White Sage Honey — the finest that
can be produced — put up in 60-pound cans,
two to the case. Have also several cars of
White Clover and Alfalfa Comb Honey. If
in the market state quantity wanted and we
will be pleased to quote you.

C. H.W.WEBER ='

Office ind Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

4- ^ccstrax4

CHIC.A.GO, Sept 20.-Receipts are light of
honey of all kinds. No. 1 to fancy white
clover comb brings 17 to 18c : the off grades
1 to ,3c less. Amber, if not toodark-,14 to 15c,
Bucl<\vheat about same price when it sells.
E.\tracted white clover, 8 to 9c, according to
quality and style of pacl<age : amber grades
6 to 7c. Beeswax easier at ,'!0c,

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

INDIANAPOLIS, Sept. 16.-Fancy white
clover comb honey sells to the retail gro-
cery trade in lots of 1 to 5 cases at 19 to 20c :
No. I white clover comb 17 to 18c. actual net
weight. White clover extracted in 5-gallon
cans .sells for 11 to 12c. The best demand
here is for white clover honey, but a deluge
of alfalfa honey is being sent'to this market
which sells for about 2c less than above quo-
tations, and if the deluge continues a further
break in prices may be expected. Beeswax
offered freely, and sells at J35 per 100 pounds.
WALTER S. POUDER.

KANSAS CITY, Sept. 19.-The receipts
of honey are more liberal, but the prices re-
main about the same. We quote: No. 1
white comb honey, 24-section cases, $3.50:
amber. $3.25: No. 2, $3.00. Extracted, amber,
TAc : white, S'ic. Beeswax. 25 to 28c.

C.C. CLEMONS & CO.

TOLEDO, Sept. 21.-The market in comb \
honey has weakened some, as receipts are
equal to demand. We quote : Fancy white
comb, 17 to 18c : No. 1 white comb. 16 to 16'ic,
Extracted, in bbls., 7 to 7!4c : amber, in bbls.
and cans, 6 to 6!4c. Beeswax, 26 to 28c.
Owing to high prices honey is not moving
rapidly.
THE GRIGGS BROS. & NICHOLS CO.

CINCINN.\TI, Sept.21.-The market for
honey here for white clover extracted is
brisk, selling in 60 lb. cans at 10c : in barrels
at 9c. No. white clover comb honev ll^i. to
18c. Amber, extracted, 6 to 6 l-2c. Beeswax
32c. fc^BBEfc ItJiC. H. W. WEBER.

PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 21.-The sales of
honey have been quite active in this market
during the past week. Bee-keepers seem to
have .1 tendency to hold back their reports
as well as their stock, and therefore those,
who are sending honey to market are get-
ting good prices. Later on, when the early

demand is supplied, those shipping honey
will be disappointed in not receiving better
returns, as during September and October
honey is higher than at any other time of
the year. We quote: Fancy comb honey
in this market, wholesale, 17 to 18c: No '1
white, 15 to 16c; amber, 14c. Extracted
honey, water white, 7 1-2 to 8c; amber, 6 I-2c-
dark, 6c. Beeswax, 30c.

We are producers of honey, and do not
handle on commission.

WM. A. SELSER.

NEW YORK, Sept. 23.- Comb honey-the
demand is good, especially so for fancy and
No. 1 white. As the season has been very
late, arrivals have been slow, but quite fair
lots are now coming into market. We quote
fancy white at 16 to I7c : No. 1 at 15c : No. 2
ati;itoI4c. No price established as yet on
buckwheat, nor has any arrived. Extracted
also in good demand, with prices gradually
stiffening up. Receipts are mostly from
California, near-by, and West Indies. We
quote California white sage at 9c. light am-
ber at 8c. amber at 7c: white clover at 8 to
9c, amber at 7 to 7 l-2c per pound. Beeswax
plentiful and somewhat off in price, selling
at from 29 to 30c for choice stock.

HILDRETH & SEGELKEN.

CINCINNATI, Sept. 20.-Since our last
quotation there is no material change in the
honey market, with the exception that the
demand is a little better. As yet prices
have not reached that high point that many
people believe they will. Received this
week a car-load of white comb honey which
we are selling at from 15 to I6c from the
store. This was the first car out of Col-
orado, and naturally commanded attention,
which brought many purchasers. Will have
two or more cars to arrive which will more
than satisfy the demand, and we look for-
ward to lower prices. Extracted honey is
moving as lively as can be expected at this
season of the year. Quote white clover in
barrels and cans at 7 to 9c. according to the
quality; amber in barrels at 5'j to 7c.
Choice yellow beeswax, free from dirt, 30c,
and 28c for the darker grades.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, $1 each; Tested Queens, 12;
Select Tested, ?3. You can only ^et good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Jonrnnl when nrltlns.

October, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

TWO CARS OF

WHITE ALFALFA and LIGHT AMBER

Extracted

Honey

in 60-lb., lo-lb. and 5-lb. Cans. Prices and Samples
on application. FREE CATALOG OF COMB
FOUNDATION AND BEE-SUPPLIES.

DADANT & SONS,

Hamilton, Illinois

Discount for Oct. 5 percent

On all goods except tin and glass packages

Hershiser AVax Press and other Lewis
Bee-Supplies. Good Goods and Prompt
Shipment.

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poultry Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

tt^- Send tor list of Slig:btly l>am-
a^ed (jroods lo select Irom sit Reduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60-pound cans for sale.

Second-Hand Cans (60-lbs.) 2 in a box, at £0c a box,
or in lots of 10 boxes at 40c.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, York Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

(Not Inc.)

Long Distance Telephone, North 1559. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR ST. CHICAGO. ILL.

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

ITALIAN QUILILNS

ALMOST BY

RILTURN MAIL

■ We are prepared to furnish Standard-Bred Untested Italian Queens, the rest of

this season (or during September and October) at 60 cents each, or 4 for $2.00.

We will mail a Queen with the American Bee Journal a year— both for only $1.0O.

This is a splendid time to requeen your colonies. We eipecl to fill orders for

queens by return mail. Better order at once. Address.

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL,
118 W. J.\CKSON. CHIC.4GO. ILL.

Mimi^^iiimmimi^l

m

^ We will Buy and
Sell

^

HONEY

1&4 of the different grades and kinds. ^3

^M If you have any to dispose of, or if ^^

^W you intend to buy, correspond ^g

^g| with us. 1^
^1 We are always in. the market

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & 5egelken

26s & 267 Greenwich Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

HONEYlMg BEESWAX

When consigning, buying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St. Chicago, III.

47th Year
No. 31

November, 1907

SOc. a Year
He. a Copy

BLE JOUI^N

V

mt

^«?^tv

(Died Oct. 14. 1907)

Mrs. George W. York

(See page 713)

^^

^s^

November, 1907.

American He^ Journal

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

GEORGE W. YORK H COMPANY

118 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. III.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
50 cents a year, in the United States of America,
(except Chicajro, where it is 7.i cents), and Mexico;
in Canada fiO cents; and in all other countries in
the Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for post-
age. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the
end of the month to which your subscription is
paid. For instance, " decOT " on your label shows
that it is paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-We dn not send
a receipt for money sent us to pay subscription,
but changre the date on jour wrapper-label, which
shows that the money has been received and
credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgaie Line, I5g.

l4lijesnitlieiHi inch.

Nothing less than 4 hnes accepted.

Discounts:

3 times 14c a 1 ne 9 times lie a line

6 " 12c" ■* 12 " (1 yr.) 10c aline

Reading- Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the fith of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

1st.— To promote the interests of its members.

2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful ridhtB.

3d.— To enf'irce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer -

N. E. France, Plattevilie, Wis.

fS^ If more convenient, Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Fashion Book Free!

I want 111 St-nri you my Ii.indsonic
ntw book showing o%er -liXI of the
latest styles with illustrated les-
sons on cutting; and dressmaking.
I will agree to sell you all the pat-
terns yo« want for 5 cents each.
They are the same patterns >
have always paid 10c and 15c foi
the stores, made by the
same people, and cor-
rect in evLTv detail.
HOW I DO IT.
I publish The Bone ^dli'.'\K
iDstructor, an iilustr.i '' ''\'_',
led woman's magazine /^\.^^:
and i want your name ^ l^ \
on my subscription list. The \^
Home Iiiatruct4>r is briglit, \^
entertaining, clean and in-
structive—just the sort of a /*"l 7 j
paper you should ha\e in // ■ / i
your home. It has depart- //fi /^
ments for every feature of i, / ,' I"
home lile, and prints the f -i^ it
choicest fiction every month- f ir

Everj' issue has several J fl L.

pages devoted In the latest 'J -

fashions, fully illiistTalt-il

IVIy Special Offer.

Send me 25 cents and I will send you The Home
Instructor for two years and will send my big fashion
book to you free I will also agree to .sell you any
pattern you want thereafter for 5 cts. I can sell tliem
for 5 cents because I buy them by the thousand and
don't make any profit. I don't want the profit. I want
your subscription to The Home Instructor. \nn « ill
save manv times the c'"i'=t r.f iii\ nti'.r m a vi'ar Wnte
to-day. A. OTIS ARNOLD, hupt Quincy. Ill

fi

Mention Dee Journal vrhen 'writing.

Contents for November, 1907

Illustrations—
Apiary of G. F. Jones, of Elkin, N. C. 723
Apiary of Thos. F. Rigg. of Iowa Falls.

Iowa 730

Child and "Seated" Swarm 712

Some Floral Tributes to the Memoryof

Mrs. York 714

York, Jlrs. George W 1st Page

Editorial Notes and Comments—
Does the Bee Start the Flow of Nectar? 710

Flouring Bees When Uniting 709

Harrisburg National Convention 709

Is Foul Brood Honey Fit for Table ?. ...709

Selecting the Best Queen 709

Some Misunderstandings About Ital-
ians 709

Superseding Queens 710

Yalue of Honey as tood 710

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Bees Increase Church Fund 711

Bees Race Pigeons 712

Chicago-Northwestern Convention 711

Child and " Seated " Swarm 712

Color of Raspberry Honey 710

Dr. Miller's Report for 1907 711

Editor E. R. Root's Operation 711

Illinois State Convention 711

Illmois State Fair Exhibit 71.5

More Bee-andHonev Nonsense 712

Prof. H. A. Surface for Director 712

Rio Grande Bee-Keeping 711

Why Honey .Should Be High in Price- ■ 711

Worcester County Fair 712

World's Pure Food Show 712

BlOGRAPHS OF BEEDOMITES —

Sallie Ward York 713

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters—

Depending Upon Bees 714

Feeding Bees for Winter 714

Honey-Brine 715

Hybrids vs. Italians 714

Is It "Licking Good " — A Curious

Custom 714

Keeping Butter Under Honey 715

Pollen in Combs 714

Contributed Articles—
Are a Queen's Drones Affected by Her

Mating? 717

Bee-Keeping in the West Indies 719

Bravery of Bee-Keeping 728

Breeding of Bees— When Done 718

Helpful Hints in Extensive Bee-Keep-
ing 719

Honey Ripened on Hives. Etc 720

Mints— Irregular Flowers 717

Normalities and ^\bnormalities of
Queen Introduction 729

Odor of Bees as Means of Recognition
Between Colonies 715

Where Do Bees Deposit Their Loads
of Nectar? 716

Canadian Beedom—

Ideal Fall Weather 721

Next Ontario Convention 721

Ontario Honey Show Prizes 722

Serviceable Winter-Case 722

Southern Beedom—

Bee-Keeping in North Carolina 723

Dry Fall in North Central Texas 723

Questions About Shallow Hives 722

Some Prime Essentials in Bee-Keeping 724

Reflections of California Bee Keeper

Eucalyptus 725

Fall Flowers in California 725

Honey Crop of California 724

Honey Getting More in Evidence 724

Naming Honey 725

Sun-Killed Wax-Larvae 724

Wm. Muth-Rasmussen 725

Doctor Miller's Question-Box—
Best Height from Ground for Hives... 725

Caucasian Bees 726

Changing Hives 726

Does Queen Lay in October? 726

Doubling Colonies for Winter 726

Introducing Queens 726

Preventing Swarming 726

Wintering in Chaff-Hives 726

Beedom Boiled Down—

Bee-Keeping on the Danube 772

Deutscher Imkerbund ■< — 727

Gasoline Engine for Extracting 726

Honey in Vienna 727

Natural or Artificial Supersedure-

Which? 727

Prices of Honey 727

Record in Taking off Honey 726

Score of Commonly Asked Questions.. 727

Reports and Experiences —

Apiary of Thos. F. Rigg 730

Eastern Trip Among Bee-Men 731

E.xtraordinary Honey- Year 731

Goldenrod as a Honey-Plant, Etc 730

Good Crop 730

Good Honey Season 730

Handles Bees Like Flies 730

More Honey Than for Years 730

Poor Season for Honey 730

Third of aCrop 731

Wintering Experiences 731

Discount for Nov. 42 percent

On all goods except tin and glass packages

Hershiser Wax Press and other Lewis
Bee-Supplit-s. Good Goods and Prompt
Shipment

Any bee-keeper can save money, as long as the
goods last, on almost any supplies needed next sea-
son, by taking advantage of our

Fire Sale of Bee and Poult0 Supplies

Have sold several thousand dollars worth of
these goods, and no complaint.

J!W Send tor lUI oi Slightly l»ain-
as:«-<l 4>o»«l!< Iv <>elecl from at Keduced
Prices. Also for 1907 Catalog of New Goods.

Quote us prices on Honey and Beeswax. Honey
in 60- pound cans for Bale-
Second-Hand Cans (60-lbs.) 2 in a box, at 50c a box,
or in lots of 10 boxes at 40c.

H. M. ARND, Proprietor, Yorlt Honey and Bee-Supply Co.

Long Distance Telephone, North 155'*. 191 AND 193 SUPERIOR St. CHICAGO

(Three blocks north and one block east of our old location.)

(Not Inc.)

. ILL.

Hatch 'Em Easily

I)i>irt WHjite egtrs on lit-ns, put Vni in a
Foultry Leader Incubator

Hiiij pet chicks in iilenty. It is Ouaran-
Ii-t'<i, Glad to send free my handsome,
ii-\v, illustrated oataluc. Write now to
Emil Ochsner. Box 18. Sutton. Neb.

AUTOLOGY

Autology is n o

theory, no fad. no

creed. That you

may know and see tor yourself. I will send

you, postpaid, free, my "Guide to Autology.'*

J. F. BITCHMAYKK, Iowa City, Iowa.

IVIention Bee Journal vrben vrrltiDgr.

,...

707

American Hee Journal /^»i T^^^^ED

CowsReuef

B

jf

Cows' Relief is a speeific Remedy
for all troubles of basr and teats. It
enables dairymen, farmers and other
cow owners to keep their cows in a
healthy and profitable condition.
Cows' Relief is one of the most per-
fectly penetratinjr and disinfecting
compounds in existence. It goes
directly to the seat of the trouble,
relieves the congestion and breaks
up the bunches that prevent a nat-
ural flow of milk.

Twelve to twenty-four hours' time
IS all that is required to relieve any
case of Caked Bag. if applied freely
at the beginning of the trouble.

FOR HEIFERS

WITH FIRST CALF

Cows' Relief works in a most pleas-
ing, prompt and successful manner.
It relieves the soreness and swelling
in the bag and is worth its weight
in gold to every dairyman. It keeps
the teats soft and fle.-?ible, and renders
the animal quiet and docile.

H. O. Rice, Parminpton, Conn., 8ay3:

"Please send me two boxes of
Cows' Relief. Enclosed find check
for same. Please send at onre I
wouldn't tie without it in my stable."
L. F. Cuthbert, Hammond, N. Y., says-
"I have used your Cows' Relief and
end It a very valuable remedy for
Caked Bag."

We have scores of testimonials
like the above. Ask your dealer for
Cows Relief and insist on having
the genuine. If he cannot supply you
•write direct to us, enclosing $1 for
large package prepaid, (enough for
four or five ordinary cases). Your
money back if you are not satisfied.
Positive guarantee on every package.
Or send your name andone neighbor's
who keeps cows, stating how many
you each have, and we will send
our book concerning "Cow Troubles,"
f^'SS-^"''3'°<= Cow ■Watch Charm
FREE while they last.

OUR HrSBANDS MFG. CO.,
716Cbapel8t., I^rndon. Vt.

Mention Bee Journal n-ben ivrltins*

HONEY AND BEESWAX

When consigning, buying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St' Chicago, III

Mention Bee Jonrnnl ^rhen ivrltlngr.

The Rietsche Press

Made of artificial stone. Practically inde
Btructible, and giving entirelj salisfactorj re
snltB. Comb foundation made easily and

?nickl7 at less than balf the cost vi baying
rem the dealers. Price nf Press 'or h. frame
sheets, $2.00. Other sizes, 25 ceats extra. Price
of the Press making the foundation directly on
the wired frames, $2.50, any size wanted.

ADRIAN GETAZ,

45Atf KNOXVILLE, TENN.

Mention Bee Journal vrbcn irrltlng.

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Your orders are what we are after now for
fall and ■v(finter. Drop us a card or letter telling
what you want, and we will make Surprising
Prices to you.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marshfield, Wis.

lOWA-J. W. Bittenbendcr, Kno.Kville.

Gregory & Son. Ottumwa.
KAN,S.-V.S-S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MICHHiAN-Lengst&Koenisr. 127 South

13th .St..Sai,'inaw, K, S.
.S. I>. Buell. Union City.
NEBRA.SK.-V-Collier BeeSuppIy Co..

Fairbury.
CAN.\D.\- N. H. Smith. Tilbury. Ont.

ARIZONA-H. W. Ryder, Phrc-nix.
MlNNESOT.'i- Northwestern Bce-Sup-

plv Co.. Harmony.
ILLINOIS-U. L. Durham. Kankakee.
OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.
TE.XAS-White Mfg. Co.. Blossom.
WISCONSIN— S. W. Hines Mercantile

Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli, Glenwood.

THE POULTRY DIGEST

25 cents per Year.

An Enterprising, Pushing and Progressive Poultry
Jouinal. A live and instructive Periodical Different
Fi-oni All the Rest.

True to name, a concise and boiled doT.\-n di(j:est of all
the doings in the Poultr>- World— A time-eaving peri-
odical ; methodical, to the point, and conservative.

YOU want to make more money cot of

your fowls,
YOU want to get good results with less

bard work.
YOU want to learn how to save your

little chicks.
YOU want to know what to do each

month in the poultry yard.
Send in your subscription to the

POULTRY DIGEST PUB.CO.,n. Y?c'?y^''

CL $11.00 buys 100 24-Section
No-drip Shipping-Cases. Made
of select basswood — top and
bottom of one piece; all in flat,
complete with 2-inch glass,
paper and nails.

PRICE LIST-Cash with order.

12-Sec. Cases 24-See. Cases

10 $1.00 $1.40

50 4.75 6.00

100 8.50 11.00

500 42.25 55.00

1000 80.00 100.00

Winter-Cases for 8 or 10 frame Hives, at $1.40 each.

Address-SHEBOYGAS FRUIT-BOX CO., Sheboygir. Wis.

In Its Thirtieth Year

The Rural Californian

One Dollar a Year

A large monthly mag-azine devoted to Aeri-
cultural, Horticultural and Rural pursuits
showing the wonderful development of the
Paciflc Coast. Beautifully illustrated well
edited, and artistically printed on fine book-
paper. An encyclopedia of information for
colonists. Address,

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN

Rooms 6 and 7 Temple Block,

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

UillMf^elpycurhens. Fe.^d

^1 U WW them fre.sh cut KTeen

B B ^# mB bone and yuu'll get
more eggs— you'll get

TO GET ^^^^ ii winter when
** eg^'s are worth while.

HH Avmp The Standard Green

IBIIIBC^Bnne Cutter prepares bone right
for (eeiling.quicklv— easily. Prices
$8.**) and up; sob! on epuarantee—
sent on trial. WritebT catalog.

EGGS

standard Bone Cutter Co.Uilford.Mass.

Spec

iai nffpr -P'irM.lSwewill sendtheRural
laiuiici. Calif.. rnian and the American

Bee Ji.urnal f..r ..ne year.

Successful Poultry Journal

FR-Os'K: heck, Editor

Subscription Price SO cents per Year.

Write for Advertising Rates.

The most prominent, successful and practical poul-
trynien writeforthe Successful Poultry Journal, and
tell how they huiJd their houses, mate their fowls,
manage their incubators, feed both young and old—
and. In fact, tell how they succeed and make money.
Send for siinple copy.

Successful Poultry Journal

355 Deailiorn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

3Ientlon Bee Journal vrhen Yrritlng.

Hatch Chickens by Steam

with the 1

EXCELSIOR

INCUBATOR

or WOODEN HEN

Economical and perfect hatching.
Absolutely reliable and sell-rtc'ii
latmg. Thousands in use to-day.
<;i::0. U. STAUL, Qainey, 111.

Journal when Tvrlting.

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian Queens— each 75 cents or 6 for H.
Caucasians— each $1, or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, III.

Mention Bee Journal n-hen Trriting.

Catalogue.
3Iention Bee

Novemlier, 1907.

IMerican 'See Joarnal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

S^SH, IDOOPLS, BLIHSriDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.
The A. I. Root Co. ,

Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so-called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other suppUes can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum without sacrificing quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•Wetampka J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger <& Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles Calif ornia N ational

Honey-Producers* Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Frnita Frnita Kruit and Produce Ass'n

District of Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

fSeorgia

Saraoaah Howkins & Kush

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

CJilcago The A. I. Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.
Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Ponder

ETansvllle Vickery Bros.

Io-«ra

Dee Moines Joseph Nysewander

Kansas

Angnsta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers buy

Mississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

niassacbnsetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsvllle W. W. Cary & Son

Itlaine

Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

Maryland

Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

Michigan

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt & Son

Fremont ^ George E. Hilton

Minnesota

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hank

Ne^v Mexico

Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

NeTr Iforlc

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street.

Obio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W. Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Dn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Wllliamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Texas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

Utab

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virginia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered a3 second-class mail-matter at the Chica>;o, III., Post-Ofllce.;
Published Monthly at 50 cts. a Year, by George \V. York & Co., 118 W. Jackson Blvd.

GEOIIGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL, NOVEMBER, 1907

VoL XLVII— No, 31

editorial ^ofes
Commenfs

I

k

The Harrisburg National Convention

It was held on Oct. 30 and 31 as per
announcement. There were about lOO
present, perhaps the smallest meeting
in many years. This may be accounted
for by reason of the discouraging honey
season this year.

In the main the Harrisburg meeting
was a very good one. Some excellent
things were said and done, all of which
will appear in the published report,
which will probably be issued about De-
cember 1st.

There are now over 2500 members in
the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
There ought to be 25,000 at least. We
wish that all of our readers were mem-
bers. The annual dues are only $1.00,
and just one of the papers read at the
Harrisburg meeting is worth many dol-
lars to any bee-keeper who wishes to
make something out of his bees. In fact,
one of the leading members present said
it would have been worth $200 to him
had he been able to hear such a paper
when he began with bees. It pays to
knozu the best there is to be known, if
one would succeed in any business. And
bee-keeping is no exception.

At the evening session on Wednes-
day, Oct. 30th, General Manager N. E.
France was presented with a beautiful
gold watch and chain, which had been
purchased with money contributed by
many members, in amounts of 10 cents
to $5 each. It was a worthy tribute to
a worthy and self-sacrificing man. As
there was more than needed to pay for
the watch and chain, a dozen silver tea-
spoons were bought and sent to Mrs.
France, who so devotedly has stood
back of Mr. France these many years,
and thus has helped him do things for
bee-keepers more successfully than

probably he otherwise could have done.
These presentations were made in most
appropriate words, by Mr. Hutchinson,
and so touched the heart of the General
Manager that it was not until the fol-
lowing morning that he was able to ex-
press his gratitude audibly.

We hope that all of our readers who
are not already members of the Na-
tional will each send $i.oo at once, to
N. E. France, Platteville, Wis., and thus
be in line not only for a copy of the
next annual report, but also for the
other benefits to be derived from mem-
bership in the largest and best organi-
zation of bee-keepers in America.

Flouring Bees When Uniting

The British Bee Journal speaks very
approvingly of dusting bees with flour
when uniting late in the season. This
plan has been before the public for some
years, but never seems to have been
practised much in this country, although
perhaps no one has reported adversely
as to its use. Sometimes things go by
fashion — perhaps too much so.

Selecting the Best Queen

In keeping tally of the yield of differ-
ent colonies so as to select best queens
from which to breed, one trouble is that
when by any means the queen of a col-
ony is changed during the season it is
hard to say what portion of the yield
is to be credited to each queen. If the
second queen comes in not more than a
month before the close of the harvest,
of course her workers have nothing to
do with the season's storing. Close ob-
servation w'ill perhaps show that in any
case the second queen has less to do than

might be supposed with the amount
stored. Take a colony of best charac-
ters as storers, and another of the poor-
est, in a white clover region, and ex-
change queens before the beginning of
the harvest, but after the colonies are
brought up to full strength, and see if
the result is not much the same as if no
such exchange had been made.

There is a field here for exact ob-
servations by careful observers.

Is Foul Brood Honey Fit for Table?

In reply to this question, the British
Bee Journal, page 357, says:

"No, it is not fit for human food un-
less boiled, to destroy all the germs."

It has generally been held (has it
not?) that no harm would result to the
human family from eating honey stored
by a foul-broody colony. Of course,
one would not think honey thrown out
of combs containing decayed larva;
would be fit for table use, but would it
be any fitter for boiling? Is there any
proof that germs of foul brood in honey
otherwise unobjectionable is injurious
to the human stomach? Possibly the
generally accepted view on this subject
needs revising. Can Mr. McEvoy tell
us anything about it?

Some Misunderstandings About Ital-
ians

In the American Bee Journal for 1906,
page 862, the question was raised, "What
is a tested Italian queen?" To the state-
ment there made, "Subscriber" took ex-
ception, in the Journal for 1907, page
138. The position of "Subscriber" was
objected to by Mr. Doolittle, page 259;
by ]Mr. Anderson, page 266; and by
Dr. Miller, page 318.

In proof of his position, "Subscriber"
has sent to this office specimens of his
drones, and says he has thousands like
them, and has queens whose workers
have abdomens that are yellow to the
tip. The drones are what would be
easily called solid yellow, and one of
the veterans to whom they were shown,
said, "I think I never saw drones quite
so yellow ; and it must be a beautiful
sight to see a large number of them
in flight, with workers to correspond."

The whole trouble lies in the fact that

710

November, 1907.

American Hee Journal

"Subscriber" is talking about one thing,
and the other gentlemen abotit an-
other; "Subscriber" referring to Italians
brought to perfection in the matter of
color, as in his own apiary, and the
others to Italians as they are imported
from Italy. Certainly there can be no
question that Italians as first imported
were entitled to be called pure Italians,
if any Italians can be called "pure," and
it can hardly be claimed that the stand-
ard has changed. As to whether bees
so modified in appearance as are the
all-over-goldens should also be called
pure Italians, opinions may differ. Some
would probably call them modified Ital-
ians, and their greatest admirers seem
to put them in a separate class by call-
ing them "goldens" — a term not applied
to pure Italians as imported from their
native land.

Superseding Queens

The question as to renewing queens is
one upon which there is a wide differ-
ence of- opinion. What may be best
for one inay not be best for another.
One inay think it best to take the mat-
ter in his own hands and each year re-
place his queens with young queens of
the current year's rearing as early as
such queens can be reared or bought.
He mn7 thus have a pretty strong guar-
antee against all swarming. Another
may think it best to leave the matter
of superseding entirely in the hands of
the bees. He will tell you that his
queens are generally superseded before
they are too old for good service, and
the few which are left till too old will
cause him less loss than it would cost
him to replace his queens regularly at a
certain age.

For many — perhaps for the great ma-
jority— a combination of the two plans
is best. Let close watch be kept as to
what is being done by each colony; if
very poor work is done, by any par-
ticular colony, replace the queen just
as soon as convenient, whether the queen
be old or young. Some queens less than
a year old are poor, and a very poor
queen may be superseded by the bees
when only a few weeks old. But even
if the bees promptly supersede a young
queen that is poor, her royal progeny
will be also.

Now is the tirne of year to figure up
on the work of each colony. Those
which, having had a good chance, have
yielded less than the average, should
be marked for renewal as early as profit-
able ne.xt season. This constant weed-
ing out of poor queens is important, as
well as breeding from the best. You
may breed from the best with all the
care you please, if you do not weed out
poor queens you stand a chance of hav-
ing the drones of. these poor queens
mate with your young queens.

Does the Bee Start the Flow of Nec-
tar?

A member of the American Bee Jour-
nal family challenges the statement of
Prof. Tanzer in the first full paragraph
on page 688. and asks whether there is
any proof for the statement that the
first bee that visits a flower gets no
nectar, but merely starts business for
the rest.

Whether one knows exactly the truth
about such things or not may make no
difference in the number of pounds of
honey secured in a season, yet the more
fully we are informed as to all that
goes on in matters pertaining to the
realm of beedom, the more enjoyment
we may have in the pursuit of our voca-
tion. And surely it is better to have
the dollars plus the enjoyment than it
is to have merely all the dollars that
can be had out of the business. Some-
times, too, it happens that matters that
seem to have no connection whatever
with the practical side of bee-keeping
have yet a very important bearing; al-
though that bearing may be very indi-
rect.

Ignorance must be frankly admitted
as to whether or no there is good
ground for the statement in question. If
any one before has said anything of the
kind, it has certainly not come very promi-
nently into public notice. Cheshire goes
into such subjects more fully than most
writers on bee-keeping matters, and he
says nothing of the kind. Does any one
of our bee-books give anjihing corrob-
orative? If what Prof. Tanzer says are
facts, they are most surely interesting
facts, and is it not strange that others
should not mentioii them?

It will doubtless occur to many that
in the hot-house, in the middle of win-
ter, an abundant secretion of nectar may
be found on some flowers, and in this
case no first visit of a bee could be ef-
fective.

But we are open to conviction, for
many a truth has be^n brought to light
that was not in accord with previously
accepted views. Our columns are open
for any light that may be given, and
perhaps Prof. Tanzer himself will be
willing to contribute thereto.

Value of Honey as Food

The following note is brought out by
the article on page 689:

"Mr. Editor : — I wish you w^ould look
carefully over what Dr. Eaton says,
page 6gi, and then give us the benefit
of an editorial opinion as to which is
right. Prof. Tanzer or Dr. Eaton."

That is asking a good deal, is it not,
for one of the laity to decide in a
case where two men with handles to
their names differ? But a cat may look
at a king, and there may be no harm
in saying just how the case looks to an
outsider.

Dr. Eaton says: "I am inclined to
doubt scientific basis for the statement
that certain foods build up the higher
faculties." Prof. Tanzer speaks of "the
assimilation of foods which reaches out
to the building up of the higher facul-
ties." If by that Prof. Tanzer means
that so many grams of a certain food
will produce so many impulses of love
to the neighbor, and that certain grams
of another food will produce so many
tenths of a grouch, then it may be left
to the propounder of such a theory to
defend it. But is that necessarily the
interpretation of Prof. Tanzer's words?
We all know that a man suffering from
a fit of indigestion is more likely to
give way to a fit of ill temper than orie
whose digestion is perfect, and so in
this case there is relation between the

assimilation of food and the higher fac-
ulties. M'ay not Prof. Tanzer have had
in mind some such thought as this?
And is it not true that with perfect di-
gestion and . assimilation the faculties
of the mind are more likely to be in
good trim than when something goes
wrong in the digestive tract?

Dr. Eaton also doubts scientific basis
for the statement that "it is advisable
to eschew eggs and milk because the
flesh of the animals which furnish them
is used for food." In reading what
Prof. Tanzer says in the last columns
on page 689, it did not occur to the
present writer that eating the flesh of
beef and poultry was given as a reason
why eggs and milk should be eschewed.
Indeed, it did not at all occur that
Prof. Tanzer meant to advise against
eating eggs and milk. He would hardly
advise such an astounding thing as cut-
ting milk out of the dietary of a babe
at its mother's breast. What probably
will be understood by most readers as
Prof. Tanzer's meaning is something
like this : "We do not eat the flesh of
the insect that produces the honey,
neither should we eat the flesh of the
cow that produces the milk, nor of the
hen that produces the egg."

As to the constituent parts of hon-
ey, there is no small difference in differ-
ent analyses, owing to differences in
different samples of honey, and perhaps
for other reasons as well. That is a
matter for analysts to determine. Prof.
Tanzer has plenty of company in be-
lieving that honey contains formic acid ;
indeed, that is the general belief; but
the proof of its presence may not be
sufficient to satisfy Dr. Eaton's mind.

As to Dr. Eaton's last paragraph,
there is probably no difference of opin-
ion between the two writers. A stick
of firewood may contain many calories of
heat, but a stick of firewood is hardly
a proper article of food.

Books for Bee-Keepers

Every bee-keeper should have a bee-
book besides a bee-paper. On another
page will be found all the best books
offered — either at a price, postpaid, or as
a premium. If you can not earn them
as premiums for getting new subscrip-
tions, it will pay you well to purchase
one or more of them. You will find
them of great value. There are so many
things in the books that are needful to
know, and that of course could not be
told over and over again in the bee-
papers. If a bee-keeper can afford only
one, it would better be the book rath-
er than the paper. But now that the
American Bee Journal is only 50 cents
a year, of course, no bee-keeper, how-
ever limited his apiary may be, can af-
ford to be without its monthly visits.

Color of Raspberry Honey

E. D. Townsend says in the Bee-
Keepers' Review that the view enter-
tained by some that raspberry honey
is amber is incorrect, at least as ap-
plies to the raspberry honey obtained
on the sandy loam of Northern Michi-
gan. It is so light in color that it may
easily be mistaken for white-clover
honey.

November, 1907.

•I I

American Hee JonTnailJ^^^^X^_±^f±J

isceiianeous
Ilecius -If ems

arc the rule at that time on all rail-
roads. Sec newspapers for details.

Everylwdy come and bring "Mrs."
and "Miss" with you.

Hekman F. Moore, Sec.

Editor E. R. Root's Operation

In the issue of Gleanings in Bee Cul-
ture for October 15th, appeared the fol-
lowing concerning the ill-health of Edi-
tor E. R. Root:

"The editor has been temporarily
away from the scene of action. On re-
turning from a trip to the Jamestown
Exposition he was taken with a severe
attack of what proved to be appendici-
tis. Since he had suffered from many
lighter attacks hefore, an operation was
considered necessary. He is now al-
most w'ell again, however, and has re-
turned to his work with renewed vigor.
A part of the editorial work for this
issue was dictated from his bed in the
hospital."

We are glad to know that Mr. Root
is getting along all right after his opera-
tion. We can fully sympathize with any
one who has to be detained from his
work through sickness.

Rio Grande Bee-Keeping

This office is in receipt of Bulletin No.
I, Riagrandenser Bienen^ucht — a pam-
phlet of 51 pages, written bvEmil Schenk,
and gratuitously published in the Ger-
man language by the government of Rio
do Sul, a State in southern Brazil. Mr.
Schenk has done much for bee-keeping
in Brazil, and on his return from a visit
to Germany last year took back to South
America some Italian bees to be culti-
vated there. The pamphlet gives up-to-
date bee-keeping as practised in Ger-
many, largely, modified to some extent
by Mr. Schenk's own practise.

r
I

Why Honey should be High in
Price

Prof. \. J. Cook, of California, writ-
ing us, Oct. 12, 1907, had this to say
concerning the prospect for increased
prices for honey:

Editor YorR : — There are two reasons
for expecting a high price for honey
this season :

First, because of the cold, backward
season last summer, there was a small
product, and this was true so far as I
can learn the country over.

For a like reason, there was a very
meager fruit crop. People will have
some sort of a relish and need it, as
food that is tasteless fails to do us the
good that we need. There will be so
little fruit, and that little will be held
at such a high price, that we may ex-
pect other relishes will be in great de-
mand.

Thus we may expect a much greater
call for honey than is usual, and it is
not presuming to expect a very high
price for our product. .'\. J. Cook.

Referring to the present season in
California, Prof. Cook wrote thus on
Sept. 28:

Editor York : — We find that the pres-
ent season in California has been, on
the whole, a disappointment. Like the
preceding one, there was plenty of rain,
and the prospects for a great honey-
year were exceptionally good. Yet, like
the year before, the spring was very
cool and damp, which, though it gave
us a very comfortable season, yet the
plants failed to secrete nectar, and the
bees refused to fly forth to gather. Yet
in many localities a third or half a crop
was secured, and the honey is very fine
in quality.

The requisites for a good honey-year
are abundant rains, much warmth and
sunshine, and a dearth of raw, chilling
winds during the season of honey-flow.

.'\. J. Cook.

••■

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion

This is to be held in Chicago on Wed-
nesday and Thursday, Dec. 4 and 5,
1907. There are those who say they pre-
fer this meeting to the National. At any
rate the Chicago-Northwestern is well
worth attending, if we do say it "who
hadn't ought to," as Samantha Allen
often says in her books.

We hope there may be a very large
gathering this year. It comes during
the annual Live Stock Exposition held
here in Chicago, which always insures
low railroad fares. It is expected that
a number of the leading bee-keepers of
.America will be present to help make
this meeting of the Chicago-Northwest-
ern "a hummer." Better come along,
and not only get something valuable,
but if possible contribute to the success
of the meeting.

Secretary Moore sends us this notice
for publication:

Park Ridge, III., Nov. i, 1907.

The regular annual convention of the
Chicago-Northwestern Bee-keepers' As-
sociation will be held at the Briggs
House, corner of Randolph St. and Fifth
Ave., Chicago, 111., on Wednesday and
Thursday, Dec. 4 and 5, 1907. The first
session will be held at 10 a. m., on
Dec. 4.

The Question-Box will occupy " the
center of the stage," as usual.
^Dr. C. C. Miller, Dr. G. Bohrer, of
Kansas, N. E. France, R. L. Tavlor,
E. T. Abbott, W. M. Whitney, C. P.
Dadant, and W. Z. Hutchinson are ex-
pected to be present.

There will no doubt be a good at-
tendance, as many come to Chicago to
attend the National Fat Stock Show,
held at the same time (Nov. 30 to Dec.
7). Ch»ap rates at the usual schedules

Bees Increase Church Fund

The Philadelphia Press contained the
following recently:

Burlington, N. J., Oct. 5. — Not only
did bees, which have built an immense
hive in the steeple of the First Baptist
Church, set an example of thrift which
members will emulate in building a new
house of worship, but the busy little
workers have stored up a ton or more
of fiije honey, it is said, the sale of which
will contribute some toward the pro-
posed edifice. In fact, the trustees are
counting upon the "bee fund" in the
raising of $40,000 needed for the build-
ing of a new church, $15,000 of which
has alreadv been subscribed.

Dr. Miller's Report for 1907

The spring of 1907 opened up one of
the most discouraging I ever knew. Had
it not been for a good lot of extra
combs of sealed honey, my bees would
have been in very poor condition ; but
having abundance of stores, the colonies
built up and continued populous in spite
of adverse weather. When clover opened
in bloom I expected to see an agree-
able change, but although there was
plenty of bloom the bees did not tum-
ble over each other in bringing in their
loads of honey, and I can not say for
sure that they got to amount to any-
thing from clover throughout the en-
tire season. I should have said, how-
ever, that dandelions seem.ed to do their
full duty, which at least helped to get
the colonies in fine conditon.

June 28 the bees began to get more
than enough for their daily needs, and
honey shook out of the brood-combs.
More or less surplus was stored up to
July 21, when the bees took a recess,
beginning again August 10, and contin-
uing until Sept. 20, some of the time
storing slowly, and at other times rap-
idly. I think the most of the surplus
was from heartsease, but I don't know.
One thing that makes me uncertain is
that I have always supposed that hearts-
ease honey was a pronounced amber,
but nearly all of mine was very light,
indeed whiter than white clover. The
flavor was good.

The sum total for the season was
7920 sections from 120 colonies, or 66
sections per colony. That would make
something more than 60 pounds to the
colony.

All things considered, I don't feel like
complaining. C. C. Miller.

The Illinois State Convention

Secretary Jas. A. Stone has sent in
the following notice of the next annual
meeting of the Illinois State Bee-Keep-
ers:

Rt. 4, Springfield, III., Oct. 29, 1907.

The seventeenth annual meeting of
the Illinois State Bee-Keepers' Asso-
ciation will be held at the Sta*» Hotise,

American ^ee Journal

November, 1907.

on Tuesday and Wednesday, Nov. 19
and 20, 1907.

We expect to have one of our best
meetings, as we have the assurance of
the presence of Dr. C. C. Miller, of Ma-
rengo; C. P. Dadant, of Hamilton; Geo.
W. York, Editor of the American Bee
Journal ; and N. A. Kluck, of the North-
ern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin
Bee-Keepers' Association. If no oth-
ers than those named were present there
surely would be a good meeting. But
with the largest association (aside from
the National) that there is in the United
States, we expect a good meeting, which
everyone will enjoy in a measure equal
to the efforts each puts forth. Rail-
road fare now being 2 cents per
mile, is equivalent to one and one-third
fare last j'ear. So that railroad rates
are settled.

As to entertainment, good beds in
private families can be had at 50 cents,
and meals can be gotten at restaurants
from 15 cents up. No one can have a
cheaper or better outing than this, and
also have the opportunity of shaking the
hands of brother and sister bee-keep-
ers. If you refuse to have a good time,
don't come ! Jas. A. Stone, Sec.

Prof. H. A. Surface for Director

At the recent meeting of the Pennsyl-
vania State Bee -Keepers' Association,
Prof. H. A. Surface, ex-president of
that excellent organization, was unani-
mously endorsed as a candidate for di-
rector of the National Association. The
election will be held this month. Penn-
sylvania is one of the States having a
very large membership, so they feel
that they are entitled to one of the
twelve directors, at least.

Prof. Surface is an exceedingly val-
uable man to bee-keeping, and is doing
all he can to develop it in his own State.
He is a born investigator in the realm
of Nature, and is bound to make him-
self felt more and more along the line
of the honey-bee.

More Bee-and-Honey Nonsense

Mr. C. G. Chevalier, of Maryland, fre-
quently sends us items of interest, and
among several sent the past month is
the following which is about as wild as
anything we ever read on bees and
honey:

Bee-Hash Honey.

"What is heralded as the greatest dis-
covery of modern times lias just been
made here by Prof. Granville Hitchings
Smith, of the Lausanne Polytechnic In-
stitute, viz., the manufacture of pure
honey on a large scale by improving
on nature's methods, says the Lausanne
correspondent of the Chicago Inter
Ocean.

"It is well known that Swiss honey
is the most delicious in the world for
the reason that the 'flora' of its moun-
tains is the most varied and extensive
of any on earth. The reader will please
remember that the 'little honey bee'
never gathers honey from flowers or
an>thing else, but simply a sweet sub-
stance which it takes into its stomach,
and which by the time it reaches its
hive becomes bv some unknown chem-

ical process what is called honej', and
is there ejected by the bee from its
stomach into the comb.

"The great discovery made by the
Professor is in producing it in immense
quantities by mechanical means and at
a low price, probably not more than two
cents a pound. Factories will be es-
tablished at once on the same plan as
butter and cheese plants, as the process
is being patented in all countries and is
simplicity itself.

"Clover, wild flowers, cornstalks,
beets, watermelons, dates, etc. — ^in fact,
any substance containing saccharine
matter — can be brought to the factories
and crushed between porcelain-covered
rollers, the juice running into tanks,
where it is mixed with a small propor-
tion of the bee ferment, or 'sachrogen,'
as the discoverer calls it.

"This queer substance is not only in
the bee's stomach, but permeates its en-
tire internal economy; therefore it has
been found best in practice to cut up
the bees in a kind of sausage chopper
(they first having been chloroformed to
prevent useless pain) and then the hash-
like material is pressed through a colan-
der and a tablespoonful of the liquid
is mixed with five gallons of the sac-
charine juice, which after a few min-
utes is transformed into the purest and
most delicious honey imaginable."

Child and "Seated" Swarm

Mrs. A. L. Amos, of Comstock, Nebr.,
sent us the picture shown herewith, rep-
resenting one of her children with a
swarm of bees. The child is eating

bread, but seems not to be at all un-
easy although there are so many bees
so near her. The swarm is on the seat
of a riding plow. It was fortunate that
Mrs. Amos had her camera in work-
ing order so that she could get such an
interesting picture.

World's Pure Food Show

Owing to the great success met by
the management of the World's Pure
Food show to be held in Chicago at the
Coliseum this month, the time for the
exposition has been extended. It will
run from Nov. 16 to 23, instead of Nov.
19 to 25, as originally announced.

Managing director Thos. T. Hoyne
announces that the contracts for build-
ing the booths and scenic work alone
will involve an outlay of over $20,000.

The Exposition is the most elaborate
that has ever been planned for the
Coliseum, and the prominade of all
nations in itself will eclipse the Streets
of Paris Show held in the Coliseum last
winter. Over 3,000 incandescent lights
will be used in the decoration scheme.
This number does not include nearly a
thousand which will stud a miniature
Eiffel tower which will rise from four
booths in the center of the building to
the roof.

The color scheme for the booths will
be uniform and worked out in gold and
white. At each end of the building
there will be an enormous sunburst and
a huge wind-mill in action.

The management of the Exposition
expects to handle from 150,000 to 200,-
000 spectators during the 8 days of the
Exposition, and has provided sufficient
aisle-space for this purpose.

During the Exposition lectures on
cooking and other matters of utmost
importance to the household, including
demonstrations of simple tests of the
purity of foods, will be given in the
Coliseum Annex.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will have an exhibit of honey that
should help to increase the demand
for this best-of-all sweets. Mr. France
will be in charge, which fact will insure
an attractive and satisfactory exhibit.

Bees Race Pigeons

It is not generally known that bees
are swifter in flight than pigeons — that
is, for short distances. Some years ago
a pigeon fancier of Hamme, Westpha-
lia, laid a wager that a dozen bees lib-
erated three miles from their hives
would reach home in less time than a
dozen pigeons. The competitors were
given wing at Rybern, a village nearly
a league from Hamme, and the first
bee reached the hive a quarter of a
minute in advance of the first pigeon.
The bees were also sliglitly handicapped,
having been rolled in flour before start-
ing for the purpose of identification. —
Reader Magazine.

Worcester County Fair

The second annual Fair of the Wor-
cester County Bee-Keepers' Association
was held in Horticultural Hall, Wor-
cester, Mass., on Sept. 13 and 14, 1907.
The displays of honey-bees and bee-
implements was well worth seeing. The
purpose of the exhibition was three-
fold : To bring together for display
and competition the products of bee-
keepers ; to bring together for display
and competition the products of manu-
facturers and tradesmen ; and to edu-
cate the public.

The judges were J. E. Crane, of Mid-
dlebury, Vt; H. S. Ferry, of Mt. Ver-
non, N. Y. . These are the awards: Best
5 pounds comb honey, first prize, F. H.
Drake; second. Miss Edith M. Rolston,
a Worcester schoolteacher; third, C. S.
Graham. Best crate comb honey, packed
for market, T. J. Lobdell ; best 2 frames
comb honey for extracting, F.H. Drake;
best display comb honey in general, first,
T. J. Lobdell; second, F. H. Drake;
third, J. S. Whitteniore.

B-iSt 5 pounds extracted honey in

i

November, 1907.

C^^^^IT-

American Hee Journal

713

<iii^ ]

glass — First, F. li. Drake ; second, J. S.
Whiltemore; third, C. S. Cirahani.

Most attractive display extracted hon-
ey— First, J. S. Whittcmore ; second,
F. H. Dral<e; third, C. S. Graham.

Photograph of swarm of bees — J. D.
Richardson.

Photograph of New England apiary —
First, C. H. Lothrop ; second, F. H.
Drake.

Beeswax — First, Mrs. E. W. Spauld-
ing ; second, C. S. Graham.

Best Italian bees— First, C. S. Blake;
second, T. J. Lobdell.

Best Carniolans — C. S. Blake.

Scientific observation hive — A. C.
Miiller.

Best display of bees — First, C. S.
Blake ; second, T. J. Lobdell,

Queen-bees — W. W. Gary &: Son.

Queen-rearing outfit — W. W. Gary &
Son.

General display — W. W. Gary & Son,

On Friday afternoon, Prof. Brooks,
of the Amherst Agricultural College,
spoke upon the relation of the locality
to bee-keeping, and also the relation of
fertilizers to the products of the land,
wherein it atifects bee-keeping. He
stated that a yearly application of basic
slag meal and potash salts is the best
fertilizer for the growing of white
clover. Phosphoric acid and potash is
also a good fertilizer for white clover.
Alfalfa, which is a good honey-plant,
will grow well where there is much
lime in the soil.

Prof. Brooks was followed by Mr.
J. E. Grane, of Vermont, the Institute
speaker furnished by the Massachusetts
State Board of .Agriculture. He spoke
in rather a general way in regard to
the use of insects, and especially bees,
in the fertilizing of flowers. He then
began to give advice to bee-keepers,
viz. : Do not invent a new bee-hive.
Start with a few colonies and increase
gradually. Don't take ofT the honey too
early. If j'ou intend to go into bee-
keeping for the money in it, just adver-
tise.

In the evening Mr. A. G. Miller spoke
on the relation of the worker-bees to
the queen, and also some problems in
wintering.

Mr. H. H. Gary was the next speaker.
He told of the different methods of
queen-rearing, and then went into the
care of the swarm in the spring. He
advised requeening every fall, if possi-
ble, at least requeening every 2 years.
The reason he advocated requeening in
the fall rather than in the spring was,
that in the fall there would be no loss
of time or disttirbance ; and he had
found from experience that the method
of requeening in the fall brought the
colonies out better in the spring than
the other way.

On Saturday, at 12 130 p. m., a ban-
quet was held which was attended by
about 60 people. After the banquet
the speaking was resumed. Hon. J.
Lewis Ellsworth, Secretary of the State
Board of Agriculture, spoke to the
meeting, bringing the greetings of the
State. The next speaker was Mr. Grane,
' who spoke upon the honey-yield in Ver-
jmont. This year he had harvested 20
l-tons of honey from 80D colonies of bees.
Mr. H. L. Jeffrey of Connecticut, was
the next speaker. He outlined a plan

used by him for many years by which
he was able to keep his stock of bees of
the same strain, and same general quali-
ties. It is hoped that his method will
appear in these pages in the near fu-
ture.

The last speaker of the day was Mr.
Latham of Connecticut, who pleaded for

the old-fashioned box-hive for the use
of the farmer.

The lair closed Saturday evening, and
was so successful in the minds of those
in charge that it is expected that the
Association will continue to hold these
fairs annually.

A. H. ESTABROOK.

SALLIE WARD YORK

Back of every man who has done any-
thing worth while for the public will
generally be found a true woman, who,
as his helpmeet, has stood by him
through thick and thin, helping him over
the hard places, and always cheering
him on- to better effort. She may not
be known to the public, but quietly and
unostentatiously her influence is con-
stantly exerted, and many a man has
been glad to acknowledge that for his
success in life he was chiefly indebted
to his wife.

Such a woman was Mrs. George W.
York, who was carried to her last rest-
ing-place, October 16. It was my privi-
lege to know her better than most of
the members of the American Bee Jour-
nal family, and so it is but right that I
should tell them a little about the one
who for so many years was so strong
a factor in making the Journal what it
has been, and is.

As already intimated, her influence
upon the paper was indirect, but not
entirely so. On mailing days she came
to the office for many a year and put
her hand directly to the work so that
the mailing would be on time; and thus
more than once it was through her help
that the American Bee Journal was able
to maintain its right to be called "The
Old Reliable."

Perhaps the most. prominent charac-
teristic in Mrs. York's personality was
her unflinching devotion to her ideals
of what she believed to be right and
true, and her outspoken advocacy of
them, even to the point of brusqueness,
whatever consequences might follow.
The minister who so feelingly spoke the
last words over the body which lay in
the church, embowered in beautiful
flowers from so many sources, said, "We
come to do honor to the memory of a
fearless spirit." The words were well
spoken. Hers was a spirit of fearless-
ness wherever there was any question of
right to be done, or wrong to be over-
come.

The Methodist church of Ravenswood
(Ghicago) is a heavy loser by her de-
parture, for her activities were many.
Especially may be mentioned her 'work
as an uncompromising foe of the liquor-
traffic, her work for the Wesley Hos-

pital in Chicago, and the Methodist
Deaconess Orphanage at Lake Bluff, 111.

For a full year she was confined to a
sick-room, through all the weary months
of pain and suffering making a brave
fight against the enemy — valvular heart
disease — always a losing battle, but al-
ways a cheerful one, and most of us
thus shut up would have felt excused
from the activities which had been so
much at heart before, but not she.

Our hearts go out in sympathy to him
who will nightly return from his toil to
that home so lovely — and yet oh, so
lonely — because she who was its light
and life has gone to return no more.
May the God of all comfort, support
and' sustain him in his sore bereave-
ment.

Mrs. York was a good woman; those
who knew her best loved her best; and
I am glad to be permitted to lay my
little leaf of laurel on the brow of one
who was worthy. C. C. Miller.

Marengo, 111.

The following sketch is taken from
the Ravenswood Citizen — a newspaper
published in the suburb where Mrs.
York lived :

The death of Mrs. Sallie Ward York, wife
of Mr. George W. York, occurred at the home,
26:1 N. Ashland Ave., Monday, October 14.
at 6:45 p. m. The funeral services were held
at the Ravenswood Methodist Church, Wed-
nesday afternoon, under the direction of Mrs.
York's pastor, Kev. R. J. Wyckoff, assisted
by Revs. Dan B. Brummitt and S. J. Herben,
respectively assistant editor and editor of the
Epworth Herald. Dr. Brummitt preached the
funeral sermon in compliance with the re-
quest of the decedent. A quartet composed
of Mr. Ernest O. Todd, Mrs. E. C. Carlson,
Miss Frances Johnson, and Dr. H. C. Peisch,
furnished the music for the occasion. The
numerous floral pieces and largely attended
services partly evidenced the high esteem in
which Mrs. York was held. Every depart-
ment of the church was represented in the
floral otferings. A large clock with hands
fixed at the hour of death (6:45) was the
offering of the Official Board. Rose Hill
was the place of interment.

The decedent was born near Harvard, 111.,
and in 1875 moved to Wilmette, with her par-
ents. On September 22, 1886, she was mar-
ried to George W. York. Mr. and Mrs. York
moved to the West Side of Chicago shortly
after their marriage, and were both active
workers in the Park Avenue M. E. Church,
where Mrs. York had been the soprano soloist.
.\ change of residence was then made and the
Western Avenue Church became their church
home, and here Mrs. York gave liberally
of her splendid musical ability for the benefit
of others. She had a full, rich soprano voice
which had been trained to the nicest perfec-

714

American ^ac Joarnajj

November, 1907.

tion under the tutelage of the best masters
of music in Chicago.

In 1893, Mr. and Mrs. York moved to
Ravenswood. and it is here that the loss of
Mrs. York is most deeply mourned. No hand
was more ready in giving, no voice more ear-
nest in pleading for the poor and unfortu-
nate, and no feet have been more willing to
run upon errands of mercy and help. Her
life typified the very highest ideals of Chris-

During her last illness Mrs. York was the
means of raising $iiS for furnishing a room
in the Harris Home for Nurses, used in con-
nection with W'esley Hospital, and this room
has recently heen designated as the "Sallie
York Memorial."

During the year of her sickness a record
was kept of the number of calls made at the
home, either to see Mrs. York or to enquire
as to her condition, and the figures offer addi-

SoME Floral Tributes to the Memory of Mrs. York.

tian living. During a year of terrible suffer-
ing, from valvular heart disease, no murmur
of complaint escaped her lips, and in the last
moments of flickering life the beautiful trans-
forming power of a mighty faith made her
death a glorious triumph.

Mrs. York was an officer of several socie-
ties at the time she was taken sick, and was
especially interested in the Lake Bluff Orphan-
age, Deaconess* Home, and Wesley Hospital.

tional evidence of her popularity. The total
was over i,8oo. Gifts of flowers were brought
ioo times.

Mrs. York, with all her activities, was an
ideal housekeeper. She loved her home, and
in the 21 years of married life not a ripple
of disagreement disturbed the calm serenity
of a joyful Christian companionship which has
been a delight and blessing to every one who
came within its influence.

Conducted by EMMA M. WILSON, Marengo, III.

Feeding Bees for Winter— Poiren in
Combs

Dear Miss Wilson : — In quest of in-
formation I begin by craving 3'oiir in-
dulgence upon the ignorance of a novice
in bee-keeping. A month ago I came
into possession of my first colony of
bees — ItaHans. The bees cover 5 or 6
frames of a lo-frame hive, and as wet
weather has prevented them from work-
ing, they probably have not more than
2 frames of sealed and unsealed honey
throughout the hive. The weather has
now cleared, and if we have our usual
fall weather they should be able to col-
lect a considerable quantity of nectar
from the goldenrod, as late as Decem-
ber, or the middle of that month.

1. But should they not be fed? And
is a syrup of equal parts of granulated
sugar and water the proper food?

2. The bees are gathering large quan-
tities of pollen, whidi my text-book
warns me should not be allowed to re-
main in the hive during the winter, but
says naught as to how to extract it.
How shall I proceed ?

3. The bee-papers caution one against
allowing honey-dew to remain in the
hive, but I do not know what it is, how
to recognize it, nor how to remove it,
and here again I ask your assistance.

October 15, 1907. Louisiana.

From what j'ou say it is possible that
the bees may gather enough to winter
on, but it is a safer guess that they will
not. Too much is not likely to do any

harm, and unless they have about 30
pounds of honey they ought to be fed.
As you probably can not tell very well
how much it takes in- the frames to make
30 pounds, it might be safer to figure
on 40.

It would be pretty late to feed syrup
as thin as half-and-half as far north as
here, but very likely it will be all right
in your warmer latitude. Even if the
bees do not get it properly evaporated
and ripened, your bees have such fre-
quent opportunities for flight that thin
syrup will not do the harm it does
where bees are confined to the hive for
months at a time.

Are you sure you read straight about
pollen not being allowed in the hive
through the winter? If you did read
anything of that kind yon would better
forget it. All bee-keepers have pollen
in their hives over winter, probably, un-
less it be some one who is so unfortu-
nate as to have bad honey in the hives,
and even then he may not remove the
pollen, but only the honey. Bees can
winter without pollen, bnt they can not
rear brood in the spring without it, and
there is no way known of removing the
pollen except removing entirely the
combs containing it. Don't lose any
sleep over pollen in your hives.

Some honey-dew seems to be all right,
both for eating and as winter food for
the bees, and some is bad for both uses,
so bad indeed for wintering that it is
Httle better than poison for that pur-
pose, and in that case it should be ex-
tracted and the bees supplied with sugar
syrup. Perhaps tlie wisest thing for you
to do is to shut your eyes and sweetly
trust that there is no such thing as
honey-dew in your hives. Because it is
not at all a common thing for bees to
be troubled with it in winter, and be-
cause it is practically impossible to tell
you how to Tecognize it. You might,
however, inquire of some experienced
bee-keeper in your vicinity, and find out
whether he has had any trouble of the
kind, and, if he has, perhaps he can
furnish you a sample of the objection-
able article.

Is It "Licking Good?"— A Curious
Custom

A curious custom in many Slavonian
regions is given in Praktischer Weg-
weiser, page 380. After a marriage the
band of wedding guests proceeds to the
house of the bride's parents. At the
threshold the mother greets the pair,
and gives to the bridegroom, as well as
to the bride, a spoonful of honey in the
open hand. The bridegroom must now
from the hand of the bride, and she
from the hand of her husband, lick the
honey, and so show the most intimate
communion and love.

Hybrids vs. Italians— Depending Upon
Bees

Deau Miss Wilson : — Thank you, as
well as Mr. Bevins, for your suggestions
in regard to getting the Italian bees to
work in the extracting supers. The in-
formation may be nf use to me at some
future time if I ever keep Italians again

November, 190".

1 '"^^Eig:^

American ^ec Journal

I

r

— and I don't think I ever will.

I did put a queen-exclnder under the
empty super of drawn combs, as I did
not care to roix brood and honey when
extracting, as one man I saw do. How-
ever, by putting the excluder under tlie
super with only one frame of brood,
the brood would be all hatched and
gone before extracting the honey.

Instead of cutting off my Italian
queen's head, she committed suicide, or
left, and saved me the trouble. The
hybrid qucen-cell that I gave the col-
ony hatched out finely, and has given
me as large and populous a colony as the
Italians were, and the queen is from
the best hybrid stock I have. They
have not had time to gather any sur-
plus on account of the short, scarce
honey crop and lateness in getting start-
ed. I am in hopes to see a marked im-
provement in the colony next year.

The bees have had a hard time of it
around these parts this season. The
late, cold spring and then the short
crop have not made honey cheap this
year. I have a little over 100 pounds
from 4 colonies of hybirds, as my total
crop. About half is comb honey and
half extracted. In proportion to colo-
nies kept, I have a larger crop than any
one of the large or small bee-keepers
around here, so it has not been my fault
in handling the bees wrong that I have
a short crop.

At our recent West Michigan State
Fair was a man who has exhibited for
a number of years and has always had
tons of beautiful comb honey, and a
large exhibit. This year his exhibit was
of necessity small, and he lost many
swarms in the spring. He makes bee-
keeping make him a living, and it is
harder on sudi a person to have no
crop, you might say, than for a person
who keeps bees only as a pastime.

However, Michigan produces her pro-
portion of excellent honey, and generally
an average crop. I do not know but
that she is one of the first States in
the production of honey, mainly on ac-
count of her large and famous fruit
crops.

I see some of our Western "brothers"
have had a good honey crop this year.
Good for them 1 We have good crops
here, too, generally.

Personally, I'll take Michigan for
mine. You can do many things here
that it is impossible to do where it is
always monotonous summer, and a
storm is welcome to break the mon-
otony. (Miss) Elsie A. Cutter.

Grand Rapids, Mich.

In deciding between Italians and hy-
brids, you must not leave out of the
account the possibility of very bad tem-
per working into hybrids. It almost
seems as if bad temper and good gath-
ering qualities go together: at least thev
do sometimes. Dr. INIiller and I are not
entirely agreed. I would take the best
gatherers, no matter how cross ; but he
says if he had it to do over again he
would stick to the pure-bloods, selecting
from them always the best. Perhaps if
pains were taken always to kill promptly
the queen of any colony appearing un-
usually vicious, there might be secured a
strain of hvbrids without the ill tem-

per. Hut not .all Italians arc entirely
sweet-temi)ered.

Yes, it is harder on one who depends
upon his bees for his bread and butter
when a year of failure comes, than for
one who has only a few colonics ; but,
on the other hand, when a good year
comes the one with a lot of bees gets
more out of it. Any one who embarks
in bee-keeping as a business, should go
into it with his eyes open, expecting
bad years as well as good : and until he
is so situated as to stand one or more
years of failure, he should not think of
making bee-keeping his sole business. I
know at least one bee-keeper who, when
a year of failure comes, takes the matter
philosophically, appearing just as cheer-
ful as if he had a crop, saying that a
succession of successes and failures is
the regular program to be expected, and
why not accept one as well as the other?

Hone> -Brine

Boil 20 minutes : 20 quarts of water,

9 pounds salt, 8 pounds of honey, and

10 ounces of saltpeter. Let it cool,
llavor with an infusion of 7 ounces of
spices, and pour over the meat to pre-
serve it.

By this procedure the meat is pre-
served many days without losing its
taste and nutritive qualities. — L. Apicul-
ture Nouvelle.

Keeping Butter Under Honey

Butter can be kept all winter, accord-
ing to a writer in L. Apiculture Nou-
velle, page 231. The butter is packed in
i-pound or 2-pound glass jars, tlior-
oughly worked, and everything scrupu-
lously clean. Over the butter honey
ready to granulate is poured to the depth
of half an inch. Before the butter is
put into the jar a small quality of sul-
phur is burned in the jar to kill any
germs.

Illinois State Fair Exhibit

The following is the list of premiums
awarded in the bee and honey depart-

ment of the Illinois Stale i'air, held re-
cently at Springfield, Mr. K. Grabbe, of
Libertyvillc, 111., being the judge:

IJi.splny of comb honey — 1st. Geo. M. Rum-
Icr, of Mohawk, Ind., $20: 2(1, Mr. and Mrs.
A. Coppin, of Winona. 111., $15; 3d, Cha».
Becker, of Pleasant Plains, 111., $10.

Collection of labeled cases of white honey
from iliiYereiit flowers — ist, Mr. and .Mrs. Cop-
pin. $8; 2(1, Mr. lieckcr, $5; id. Jas. A. Stone
& Son. Koulc 4, Springfield, III., $3.

Collection of labeled cases of amtjcr or dark
honey — ist, Mr. liecker, $8; 2d, Mr. and Mrs.
Coppin, $5; 3d. Jas. A. Stone & Son, $3.

Case of white clover comb honey — Mr. and
Mrs. Coppin. $4; 2d, Mr. Becker, $3; 3d, Jas.
A. Stone & Son, $2.

Case of sweet clover comb honey — ist, Mr.
Rumler, $4; 2d, Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $3;
3d. Mr. Becker, $2.

Case of basswood comb honey — 1st, Mr.
Rumler. $4; 2d, Mr. Becker, $3; 3d, Mr.
and Mrs. Coppin, $2.

Case of amber comb honey — ist. Stone &
Son, $4; 2d, Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $3; 3d, Mr.
Becker, $2.

Display of samples of extracted honey —
1st, Mr. Becker, $5; 2d, Stone & Son, $3;
3d, Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $2.

Display of extracted honey — 1st, Stone &
Son, $20; 2d, Mr. Becker, $15; 3d, Mr. and
Mrs. Coppin. $10.

Honey extracting on the grounds — 1st, Mr.
and Mrs. Coppin, $5; 2d, Stone & Son, $3;
3d. Mr. Becker, $z.

Frame of comb honey for extracting — 1st,
Mr. Becker, $5: 2d, Mr. Rumler, $3: 3d, Stone
& Son, $2.

Display of candied honey — ist. Stone & Son,
$20; 2d, Mr. Becker, $15; 3d, Mr. and Mrs.
Coppin, $10.

Display of beeswax — 1st, Mr. Becker, $15;
2d. Stone S Son, $10; 3ii, Mr. Rumler, $5.

Dark Italian bees — 1st. Mr. and Mrs. Cop-
pin, $4; 2d. Mr. Becker, .$3; no other entry.

Golden Italian bees — ist, Mr. Becker, $4;
2d, Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $3; 3d, Stone &
Son, $2.

Carniolan bees — 1st, Mr. Rumler, $4: sd,
Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $3; 3d, Mr. Becker, $2.

Honey-vinegar — ist. Stone & Son, $4: 2d,
Mr. Becker, $3 ; 3d, Mr. and Mrs. Coppin, $2.

Designs in honey — ist. Mr. and AJrs. Cop-
pin, $15; 2d, Mr. Becker, $12; 3d, Stone &
Son, $8.

Designs in beeswax — 1st, Stone & Son, $20;
2d, Mr. Becker, $12; 3d, Mr. and Mrs. Cop-
pin. $8.

The Prairie Farmer reports that the
show of honey at the Fair this year was
finer ihan that of any preceding year.
And that is saying a great deal, for we
have seen a number of the former an-
nual exhibits made in the bee and honey
department of the Illinois State Fair,
and they have always been exceptionally
good.

Odor of Bees as Means of
Recognition Between Colonies

BY C. P. DAD.\NT.

Do bees use the sense of smell in the
recognition of one another? Has the
odor of the queen anj'thing to do with
her acceptance or rejection when intro-
duced by the apiarist? The affirmative

has generally been adopted by bee-keep-
ers throughout the world. But some ex-
ceptions have been taken to this, and it
is for the purpose of considering the
matter broadly that this article has been
prepared.

That bees have very efficient and acute
organs of smell is not to be doubted.
Their flight to the honev harvest is al-

November, 1907.

American Hee Journal

our gardens are many showy and fra-
grant blossoms which are never visited
by bees, in spite of their looks and their
sweet odor, because they lack the nec-
tar-odor. When the fields are _ white
with clover, the bees may remain idle
because there is no nectar in the bloom.
Evidently the odor of the nectar is miss-
ing. On the other hand, when nectar
is to be had, they will readily discover
the most humble flower hidden among
the blades of grass, if only there is nec-
tar in its corolla. Pollen attracts them
in the same way, but with this sub-
stance there is less avidity, probably be-
cause it is found more readily. In a
time of scarcity of harvest, when they
gather propolis, they are often attract-
ed bv the smell of paint or varnish,
which would not draw them at all, if
there were honey in the fields.

Aside from smelling nectar in the
blossoms at great distances, the bees
have a \vonderful ability for finding any
substance which may be turned to ac-
count, especially when its smell is of a
nature which renders it attractive. They
will very promptly discover old combs
that are left exposed, even if these
combs are inside of a box or of a
building. Only a couple years ago we
had an instance of bees carrying away
some honey contained in supers in our
bee-house. The bees were first noticed
against the west wall of the house, biit .
no attention was paid to them, until it
was found that the bee-house was full
of them. They had traced the smell of
the combs to the house, and it happened
that a pile of the supers were close to
that west wall. A very small crack in
the boards behind a beam had been
sufficient to afford them passage, but as
the room was well lighted, and the
small opening through which they en-
tered was in a dark place, very few of
the bees returned to the hive, but they
flew to the window of the bee-house
where they were found in large nurn-
bers. Instances have been given of their
entering through a chimney, through the
key-hole, to places where honey was
stored and where their organs of smell
detected it.

It is hardly worth while to insist on
the matter, for everybody undoubtedly
is ready to grant to them organs of
smell equal to those of the best dogs.

Now, as to the odor of bees. The
queen, the drones, the worker-bees, have
each their particular odor. The odor
of the drones was noticed by Swammer-
dam over 200 years ago. He called this
peculiar odor "aura seminalis" — seminal
effluvium. The queen has a sufficient
odor to attract the drones when in
flight, and Langstroth and Cheshire both
thought that not only the sight of her,
and the peculiar sound of her wings,
but her odor as well, cause the drones
to pursue her. The latter writer, in
describing the numerous "smell hollows"
in the antennas of the drone, mentions
"his quickness in discovering a mate,
whose neighborhood is to him filled with
irresistible odors."

The peculiar odor of the queen is, to
my mind, that which makes her loss so
very promptly discovered by the bees,
when she is removed. This odor must
be one of the ordinary smells of the
hive, and its lack at once indicates that

she is missing. Otherwise, how could
a hive of several tens of thousands ot
the little insects so promptly recognize
her disappearance? Most of our leadmg
apiarists know how quickly the bees find
out their loss, when she is removed.
The writer has often noticed it within
the hour, though it sometimes takes
longer. Their hurried and restless
search quickly indicates the accident,
and persons who are accustomed to this
readily recognize the wonderful behav-
ior of' a colony that has just been made
queenless. How, I repeat it, could a
numerous colony be apprised of the loss
of the queen, if it were not for the miss-
ing of her familiar odor which they evi-
dently consider as one of the necessities
of happiness? It is out of the ques-
tion to suppose that the bees are con-
stantly asking one another whether they
have 'met the queen lately ; and yet we
all know that in a crowded hive, when
all are busy, there must be thousands
of bees that do not see the queen once
a week, much less at all hours of the
day.

Has the queen a very perceptible
odor? No one who has ever handled
fertile queens in his fingers would an-
swer that question in the negative, for
every man has certainly often noticed
how eagerly worker-bees travel over
your fingers and examine them after you
have had the queen in your hand for a
few seconds.

Do the worker-bees have an odor of
their own? Does each colony have a
smell peculiar to itself? Undoubtedly
as much as each of us has a sufficient
individual odor that a dog may follow
us and find us, if he is of good scent,
a half-hour after we have passed
through a certain spot. Each colony
has an odor of its own through the
wonderful adaptability of nature which
makes no two leaves alike, though there
are billions of them in the woods. Two
men might have nearly the same odor,
so that a dog might make an error,
but this would be accidental. In the
same way, similar smells, that bees
could not recognize apart, would be en-
tirely accidental and probably very rare.
Aside from the great variety which is
one of the rules of nature, there are
many things which will cause a differ-
ence in smell from one colony to an-
other— difference which is sometimes so
plain that man, with his very imperfect
organs of smell, will himself detect.
The age of the combs, the quantity of
honey in the hive, its quality, its origin,
its ripeness, the quantity of pollen, its
source, the number of worker-bees, of
drones; the quantity of brood being
hatched, the source o'f the propolis and
its greater or less use by the colony;
even the location of the hive, its prox-
imity to the soil, or elevation in the air;
the age and quality of the wood or other
material of which the hive is made-
all these, and more, have ah influence
on the individual smell of the hive.

If, then, each colony has its own pe-
culiar odor, as discernible to the bees
that inhabit it as the smell of his mas-
ter's clothes is discernible to the well-
trained dog, or as his mate's odor is
discernible to the horse who recognizes
it through a plank wall, why should we
deny to the bees the capacity of rec-

ognizing one another by the smell?
T^rue, it often happens that the bees
will accept of strange bees without a
fight, or will permit a strange queen
to enter the hive and perform her func-
tions, or will accept of strange drones;
but this does not deter from our posi-
tion. Will not a dog sometimes wel-
come a total stranger? Will not ahorse
welcome another horse, while he will
fight a third? Likes and dishkes, con-
ditions of prosperity or suffering and
want, disturbances which change condi-
tions of life, all these things, or each of
them, may cause them to change their
behavior.

We all know that in times of pros-
perity, when honey flows freely, and all
the bees come home laden, there is no
difficulty in getting a colony to accept
strangers, especially young bees. Does
it follow that they do not know them
to be strangers? A man who comes to
us with a smile and a gift is much more
likely to be welcome than the man who
has a frown, or with a searching or
furtive appearance, as if he were seek-
ing for something to carry away. _

When we want to unite colonies of
bees we smoke them and try to disturb
them greatlv before uniting them. Their
mutual mis'fortune, in this disturbance,
acts upon them as such things act upon
the human race. During a calamity such
as a great fire— the San Francisco dis-
aster, for instance— the bonds that unite
the race become much stronger and we
become more fraternal. So it is with
animals. Two roosters that were fight-
ing only a few moments ago have be-
come great friends in the misfortune
of being both threatened with the cook's
butcher-knife.

I think I have said enough m the
foregoing to make the fact clear, that
in ordinary circumstances it is well to
give bees a similar odor if we want
them to live peaceably together when in-
troducing queens or bees to strange
colonies. But in times of good harvest
almost any method will succeed.
Hamilton, 111.

Where Do the Bees Deposit
Their Loads of Nectar ?

BY ALLEN LATHAM.

On page 653, Mr. Doolittle ofJers us
a verv readable article relative to the
brood-nest and freshly gathered nectar,
and answers the question, "Where does
the bee deposit its freshly gathered nec-
tar?" Now, Mr. Doolittle has stated
facts that are beyond dispute, and be-
yond misinterpretation, and what he has
to say has been said better than I should
have said it, but I am one who believes
in reiteration. When I see a rather im-
portant fact noted and stated in our bee-
papers, I feel moved to express _ ap-
proval when such approval lies within
mv province.

'I had years ago settled to my own
satisfaction this question of the disposi-
tion of the nectar, but did not till 2 and
3 years ago verify my conclusions by
much observation. Like Mr. Doolittle,
I have spent hours by the hive, and I
can say with him that I have never yet
seen a field-bee deposit a load of nee-

November, 1907.

American Hee Journal

t;ir in a cell. But I bey of my read-
ers to note that I say that I liavc never
seen it, and that I do not state that it
never occurs. I must believe that it
does occur, for my friend, A. C. Miller,
says that he has seen it. It simply has
not been my good fortune ever to have
seen field-bees deposit their loads in
cells.

On the other hand, I have many times
seen field-bees give over their loads to
younger bees. Many a time have I seen
the incoming bee, unmistakable because
of its pollen-dusty back, scurry about
and draw the attention of younger bees.
These younger bees gather about the
head of the field-bee while that bee
causes the nectar to drop into its mouth
and rest in the depression bounded by
mouth and slightly relaxed tongue. In
this case the tongue is not extended, but
is folded back much as it naturally lies
at rest. I have seen 3 young bees at
once relieving a field^bee of her load.

If one desires to see how a bee offers
its load he can do so in a variety of
ways. Let him drop a strange bee with
load of honey amongst the bees of a
colony. Except for the cringing and
fear this bee will give over its load much
after the fashion of a field-bee. Again,
take a loaded bee in the fingers and
press the distended abdomen with
thumb-nail. After a slight pause the
bee will cause the honey or nectar to
accumulate above the folded - under
tongue.

Mr. Miller, who takes a diametrically
opposite view from that of Mr. Doolit-
tle, would have us believe that the field-
bee never passes over its load to other
bees, but rather always puts it into the
cell. This is not the first time that the
Miller strain of l>ee has acted in a differ-
ent manner from the Doolittle strain.
I have never as yet had a colony headed
by a "Providence Queen," but have had
many a colony headed by a "Doolittle
Queen." This fact may account for my
agreeing with Doolittle in this matter.

I know for an absolute certainty that
field-bees give over their loads to the
home-bees. I do not know by my own
observation that they sometimes place it
in the cells themselves. I have watched
for them to do this, again and again,
and have never seen it done, hence I
naturally conclude that the rule (though
it may not be one without an exception)
is for the field-bee to hand its load over
to the home-bee.

It is manifestly true that in a time of
heavy flow the field-bees would bring
home more than could be retained by
the home-bees. Whether at such times
the field-bees are obliged to place the
honey in the cells themselves is a mat-
ter which I hope some time to settle
to my own satisfaction. That thin nec-
tar very quickly reaches the cells, even
when there are many home-bees which
are not loaded to repletion, has come
under my observation. This points to
an early unloading of the home-bee, or
else to the placing of the nectar by the
field-bee.

One thing is to be noted: In a time
of heavy flow all the younger bees of
the colony will be surcharged with
honey which they are curing, while the
field-bees will in most ca^es lie idle in
nooks and corners of the hive.

Another thing is worthy of note: Be-
fore a honey-How the colony will not
seem to be so very populous, whereas
.after the flow opens the hive almost
immediately becomes overflowing with
bees. It is simply a case of not room
for bees which are full of nectar, but am-
ple room for lank bees. Two fat per-
sons take up the room of three lean
ones on the scat of the street-car. A
colony with 5,000 fat bees will seem to
the novice more populous than will one
of 10,000 lean bees.

Whether the field-bee puts its load
into the cell or hands it over to a young-
er bee is not in itself of vital import-
ance, though there is a certain satisfac-
tion in knowing the truth of the matter.
Personally, I am inclined to think that,
except in times of heavy flow, practi-
cally all is handed over to the home-
bees; while under pressure the field-bee
disposes of it in the quickest and easiest
way she can find.

Norwich, Conn.

Are a Queen's Drones Affected
by Her Mating ?

BY E. V. PAGAN.

pn page 687, T. W. Livingston, with
quite a flourish announces that he pro-
poses to explode the theory that the
drone progeny of a queen is unaffected
by her mating, and calls upon all bee-
keepers interested to listen for the ex-
plosion. Others besides Mr. Livingston
have discredited the theory, but perhaps
none of them has ever been so cock-sure
of his ability to disprove it.

Some very able men have accepted
the theory and defended it. In the first
volume of the American Bee Journal,
published in 1861, appears on page 41
the following sentence, evidently from
the pen of its first and ablest editor,
Samuel Wagner :

"The concurrent testimony of all ob-
servers, whose reports we have, is that
Italian queens, fecundated by common
drones, do invariably produce Italian
drones, as fully and perfectly marked
as, and in no respect diflferent from,
the drones produced by Italian queens
fecundated by drones of their own race,
and that a corresponding result occurs
in the case of common queens fecundat-
ed by Italian drones."

The ground for this belief lies in the
fact that an egg which produces a drone
is unfertilized, and so must take its char-
acteristics entirely from the mother. It
sometimes happens that a queen which
has not met a drone proceeds to lay
eggs, such eggs invariably producing
drones. These drones certainly can not
be afTected by the mating of the mother,
for the mother has not mated. The
question is then asked, "Can the drone-
eggs of a mated queen be any more af-
fected than those of an unmated one,
seeing that the eggs are no more fer-
tilized in one case than the other?"

To this it is replied by those who hold
the opposite view that the blood of the
queen, in its circulation, is affected by
the contents of her spermatheca, and
thus the drone progeny is indirectly
affected.

If this latter view be correct, it would
be inlf-resting to know to what extent
this affecting goes. If only to an infini-
tcsmal ikgrcc, it may not be worth con-
sidering, and this is the view that some
take.

Mr. Livingston believes he has estab-
lished his position because his queens
were all the daughters of a pure Italian
queen, and yet when queens were in
turn reared from these daughters 90
per cent of them showed impurity in
their worker progeny. One all-impor-
tant item in the case is fatally absent.
That item he should have given in some
such words as these:

"I have the most indubitable proof
that no colony containing any degree
of black blood is located near enough
to my apiary so that any of its drones
could have met my queens." Without
this his proof is no proof whatever.

In his closing paragraph he exhorts
others to try the matter as he has done.
How many bee-keepers are situated so
they can try it, isolated from all black
blood but that in their own apiaries?
Is there one in a thousand?

Mints— Irregular Flowers

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

Those of us who live in Southern
California, will, of course, be partial to
the great Labiate family of plants, for
here belong the incomparable honey-
plants, the white and ball sages. It is
doubtful if any honey-plants, the world
over, excel these in the quality or
amount of honey which is furnished.
The honey is like that from the clov-
ers, especially the white clover — very
mild and pleasant, and so is enjoyed by
all. Of course, one who has learned to
like the pronounced flavor of linden
may prefer that to any other, and those
that have a hankering for the almost
rank taste of buckwheat will pronounce
the mild sage honey as tasteless and
insipid; yet it is incontestible that the
most people will enjoy these mild hon-
eys more than any other, and when they
are white as are the sage and clover
honeys, they will always top the mar-
kets, in most of the marts of the world.

It will be noticed that the mints, or
flowers of the great familv Labiatae, are
irregular, and so are like the flowers of
the clover family— Leguminosae, and of
the figwort family (the Scrophulariceae).
All such flowers have developed to effect
cross-pollination, and we should expect
that they would be honey-plants of no
mean rank. The irregularity and the
nectar-secretion are for the same pur-
pose, and so we should expect they
would always be companions, as they
are. This mint family is well named
"Labiatje," as this refers to the two-
lipped arrangement of the flowers.
These flowers, like the same in the fig-
wort family, are decidely bi-labiate. This
interesting conformation is obviously
for the purpose of ensuring cross-pol-
lination, as was so admirably demon-
strated by the great Charles Darwin.
The flowers are on the plan of five,
but the petals are so united that there
are two pronounced lips, and these in

November, 1907.

American Hae Journal

turn are lobed, one lip showing two
lobes and the other three.

The stamens are as peculiar as are the
petals, or showy parts of tlie flowers.
Each filament bears at its end a longer
or shorter sort of a balance pole, which
is termed the connective, thus all is T-
shaped ; and at the ends of this are
the anthers, that produce the pollen-
grains. Often the ends of this con-
nective are not equal, as noted in the
white sage, and often one of the fila-
ments is wanting. The arrangement of
the stamens, the lips of the flower, and
the stigma, are all such as to secure
cross-pollination, and the great nectar-
drop at the base of the bloom is to at-
tract the bee, that she may not fail in
her part of this important office.

All the mints are nectar-producing
plants, and so are valuable honey-plants.
The horsemint and the white and black
or ball sage are among the most noted,
as they are among the best. So far as I
know, all the mints produce honey that
is white,, and of delicious flavor. In
many places various of the mints are
grown for commercial purposes, and in
such cases are often, plenteous enough
to be of value to the bee-keeper. We
all know the worth of motherwort and
catnip, and wise is he who sees that
these plants are thick in waste-places
about his apiary. I know of no plant
in the East that pays better for plant-
ing along railroads, etc., than does
motherwort.

The white and ball sages of Califor-
nia are of great importance, as they both
furnish honey that is very white, very
delicious, and the quantity is often phe-
nomenal. There is a good reason for
this latter. The plants are of a kind
that yield heavily, and besides, the blos-
soms on the ball sage, as the name indi-
cates, come out in balls and open in
successive periods, and so are in bloom
a long time. The white sage is equally
prolonged in its period of blooming.
Here the flowers are in long racemes,
and as the opening commences below
and proceeds gradually to the tip, the
time of bloom is very great. It is not
uncommon to find flowers for the space
of six weeks. Both of these plants
usually commence to bloom in late May
or early June, yet the time varies not a
little. The period of bloom is still fur-
ther lengthened by the locality of the
plants. Often they are on the plains
at or below the mouth of the canyon,
and then e.xtend up into the latter, and
this still further prolongs the period of
bloom.

It is not at all improbable that the
value of the sages could be much in-
creased b}' artificial means. At one of
our farmer's institutes in San Diego,
Mr. Harbison, of bee-keeping fame,
stated that he had set the black sage at
a great profit. There are acres and
acres of land all along the mountains of
Southern California, which can never
be brought into profitable cultivation, as
they are in old washes, and so are so
stoney that to cultivate them would be
quite impossible. These are often cov-
ered with sage. In many cases the sage
is absent. I believe that it could be in-
troduced in many places, and that in
this way barren spots mig'ht become val-
uable.

Of late it is the practice to flood these
wastes in winter by spreading the water
from the mountain streams, so that what
would be run off^ is thus conveyed into
the great gravel reservoirs. This is a
very wise thing to do, and will surely
be practiced m«re and more, as water
vi-ill greatly aid in clothing these waste
places with these valuable honey plants.

I believe that these sages can be im-
mensely increased with a little labor,
and thus bee-keeping and the general
horticulture and agriculture of the sec-
tion will be immensely increased. Agri-
cultural and pomology need the bees
to do the necessary work of pollination,
while the sages will make the bees so
profitable that they will be kept in great
abundance, and thus a great double
benefit will come as a result of this wise
planting.

Claremont, Calif.

Breeding of Bees— When Done

BY G. M. DOOLITTLE

There came in my multitudinous mail
of a day or two ago, a letter with ques-
tions about bees. This is not peculiar,
for I have spent much of my time for
the past 30 years answering questions
about bees and bee-keeping. But there
\vas one question in this letter that was
peculiar, and I am going to use it as a
text to say a few words to the readers
of the "Old Reliable," which means the
American Bee Journal. The question
reads as follows :

"Will you please answer through the
-\merican Bee Journal the following
question : 'Where will bees hatch the
soonest, in the cellar or out-of-doors?
And which will be the best hatching, in
February, March or April ?' "

Before answering the above question
I wish to say that from its wording,
and the general tone of the other ques-
tions which the letter contains, I judge
the questioner is a beginner in apicul-
ture, and, if so, I desire to say a word
to him, and also to all other beginners
who have thought, or will think, of ask-
ing questions on bees.

The first thing to do in starting in the
bee-business is to get one of the many
good books on apiculture, aM of which
teach the first principles of our pur-
suit. Thoroughly read the book, for in
it you will find the most of the ques-
tions answered which you will be likely
to want to ask before you get past the
rudiments of this branch of agriculture.
This is a duty you not only owe to j-our-
self, but one you owe to others as well.
While I am, and have always been, will-
ing to answer all questions which come
to me, (having answered hundreds and
thousands when the questioner felt too
poor to enclose a stamp to pay the re-
turn postage), yet it is not fair to the
older bee-keepers who are readers of the
American Bee Journal, to have its col-
umns filled up with questions and an-
swers which are of such a primitive na-
ture that they will be of no use or inter-
est to the great majority. After you
have thoroughly mastered all there is in
any one of such books as "Langstroth
on the Honey Bee," "Cook's Manual of
the Apiary," "Quinby's New Bee-Keep-

ing," or "Root's A B C of Bee-Culture,"
then your questions will be such as will
be of interest to all.

Hoping that the above will be taken
only in the kindly spirit in which it has
been given, I will offer a few of my
thoughts and ideas on the queries above
propounded.

First, then, we have, "Where will bees
hatch the soonest, in the cellar or out-
doors?" To this I will say, that, as a
rule, bees commence to breed much the
soonest out-doors, with the exception
of where a very warm cellar is used,
and in this case my experience says they
are not likely to winter as well as they
would where the cellar was cool enough
so that the mercury stood at from 40 to
50 degrees therein. I know that there
are advocates of warm cellars for win-
tering bees, but my experience with cel-
lars where the mercury was likely to
run above 50 degrees has been anything
but a success.

To the second question. "Which will
be the best hatching?" I will say, that
here our questioner makes a mistake,
for in the breeding of bees there are
young bees in all stages of maturity,
from the egg to the mature bee just
ready to emerge, or already emerging
from the cell; so that there is no regu-
lar hatching, as is the case with eggs
incubated by the mother hen, or in an
incubator ; but young bees are emerging
or "hatching," as our correspondent puts
it, all the time for a period of nearly
nine months, or from January till No-
vember, if out-doors ; or from April to
November if wintered in the cellar.

When the bees first commence to
breed, but a few hundred eggs are laid
by the queen or mother-bee, and as
these eggs hatch into Jarvae, more are
laid, sparingly at first ; but as the sea-
son advances, an increase in prolific-
ness is the result, till in June the queen
is laying at the rate of from 2,000 to
4,000 eggs daily, so that now the hive
is soon populous with bees, resulting
in swarming, unless the apiarist takes
measures for the prevention of the same.
As the season draws to a close, the
queen restricts her egg-laying, so that
in October few if any more eggs are laid
than in February, hence the colony is
kept only about so populous, during the
three summer months.

Now about early breeding: The
questioner conveys the idea through his
questions that he thinks the earlier the
bees breed the better. The time was
when nearly all thought the same, but
experience with many of us has proven
that some of the old notions of the past
were mistaken ones, for such early
breeding results in the wearing out
of two old bees to wiiere one young
one is produced, owing to the great
strain on the vitality of the colony en-
gaged therein, which strain is always
required to produce the necessary de-
gree of heat for brood-rearing in cool
or cold weather; while if breeding can
be delayed till settled warm weather
comes, the old bees can then produce
3 or 4 young workers to wbere one of
these old bees die off, and that with less
strain on the colony than is required
when the bees are kept confined to the
hive by cold and unpropitious weather.
The heat inside tlie cluster of a colony

Novembur, iQo".

American Hee Journal

of bees, which are wintciiij; perfectly,
with no brood, is about 65 degrees, while
it takes at least 92 degrees to perfect
brood, tile usual brood-temperature be-
ing from 95 to 98 degrees. There-
fore, in order to produce brood during
February and March, togellier with very
nmch of April, in this locality, the bees
Iiave to "burn" much honey in order
to raise the temperature of the brood-
nest the 30 degrees higher than is neces-
sary when no breeding is being done.

Then, again, the bees which are reared
during winter and early spring, beyond
wdiat are necessary to take the place of
the old ones which die, are of no practi-
cal value, as they in turn die of old
age before the season for the gathering
of the surplus honey arrives ; so that
this early breeding means the wearing
out of the old bees in any colony which
goes to breeding early, the loss of a
larger amount of stores which must be
consumed to raise the heat inside the
cluster 30 degrees higher than is needed
for the best interests of that colony,
together with the rearing of a lot of
worker-bees which are of no practical
value after they come on to the stage of
action. For these reasons, as well as
better wintering, the cellar is now pre-
ferred, in whidi to carry our bees
through the winter in our cold climate,
some bee-keepers even keeping them
thus housed till into May.

Borodino, N. Y.

I

Bee-Keeping in the West
Indies

BY A. BUTSCHE.

Although an article from the West In-
dies is not very likely to interest the
readers of Gleanings particularly, there
are certain items which, thanks to our
continued w-arm weather and long hon-
ey-fiow, we can more easily test than
can be done in colder climates.

We notice, for instance, that there are
quite different opinions prevailing con-
cerning the use of queen-excluders.
Some, like Mr. Greiner, claim that ex-
cluders considerably interfere with the
crop of honey; others find them use-
less, as their queens never lay in the
supers. The only reason I can assign
for the fact that some bee-keepers have
no trouble with brood in the supers is
that their colonies, on account of win-
ter losses and short honey-seasons, are
never really strong. Our colonies slack-
en brood-rearing in December and Jan-
uary. The result is that, during the
logwood flow in February, they are not
strong enough to rear brood in the su-
pers, although they will draw combs
and store honey in two or three full-
depth supers at one time. But when we
come to June and July, talk about
queens not going into the supers I Have
I not met them crawling over the top-
bars of a fifth full-depth super with eggs
and brood all the way down to the bot-
tom-board? A man here, after using
excluders for one season, would no
more dream of keeping bees without
them than of keeping bees in bo.x hives.
Talk about Mr. Green having from one
to twelve queens trespassing in the su-
pers! I'll bet my life that, if I were

to remove all my excluders, in less than
three weeks there would not be a single
broodlcss super in any of my apiaries.

Another item that interested mc very
much was the numerous hive-lifting de-
vices brought out of late. I can see no
earthly advantage in them in a country
like this, whore you can get a dozen
iron-headed Congo niggers to carry you
a house 15x20, three miles away, on
their heads, for 10 shillings 6 pence.
And then, what about the danger of
one of those hive-lifting devices toppling
over with five heavy full-depth supers
hanging at the end of it? A man would
be a fool if he ventured to set one of
those engines agoing before making his
testament. I think hive-liftin.g would
just make matters worse. There are so
many thmgs already a poor fellow has
got to hold with only two hands that I
I do not see how I could operate a hive-
lifter unless it could be done with the
teeth. If God in his wisdom had wished
the generality of men to be bee-keepers,
I should not be surprised if he had giv-
en us a third hand. He might even
have judiciously added another pair of
legs, especially if he had meant us to
keep hybrids.

Bee-fever is a comparatively new mal-
ady here. The place was first infected
when Mr. Morrison passed here lectur-
ing on bees. I happened to be in New
York at the time ; but on my return,
some months later, I unconsciously
caught the disease by passing one day
round the corner of the building in
which Mr. Morrison had been lecturing.

Mr. Alexander's articles leave one
simply dumbfounded. Several queens
in one colony at the same time ! I think
it was a pretty well established cus-
tom in hive politics that, when one
queen came to the throne, she invariably
killed her sisters, and even mother, to
reign undisturbed, exactly as a sultan of
Turkey would strangle all his brothers
at his advent in order to cut short all
plotting to dethrone him. We all have
been accustomed to look upon a hive as
a perfect specimen of the most abso-
lute monarchy. If Mr. Alexander
goes on like that I should not be sur-
prised if, one of these good days, all
of us poor bee-keepers should wake up
millionaires. He seems to be wielding
the magic wand, for 'at each stroke
there is something more extraordinary
turning up.

How strange there should be at the
present time so many bee-keepers with
endless associations and publications,
especially in France and Germany, where
20 years ago, one might have roamed
about the country for months without
ever stumbling over a hive ! In all my
wanderings I have met a hive but once
before keeping bees myself. It was in
Brittany (France), during the dreary
years of my ologies, as Mr. Crane puts
it. I think there were three or four
straw hives near a big patch of buck-
wheat. How it did us fellows good, af-
ter pondering for months over the te-
dious works of Francis Bacon. Thomas
Aquinas, and others, to get a lesson of
more practical and more wholesome
philosophy from a hive! 1 guess some
of us preferred the merry hum of the
bees to the clumsy mediaeval Latin,

which w.is the only language we were
allowed to speak tlien.

The great trouble in bee-keeping here
is the insatiable stealing propensity of
the nigger. He will take anything and
everything loose about an apiary, such
as covers, bottom-boards, stands, etc.
'i'here is nothing the West IiKlian nig-
ger won't take, from an old horse-brush
to an old bottle of medicine. The hive
alone he lets stand — on its own merits,
I suppose. BecrStings arc evidently not
much to his taste. It is even trouble
to got help at extracting time, especially
when one keeps hybrids as I do. The
screaming and wailing that fills the air
round an apiary on extracting days is
enough to remind one of a Russo-Jap-
anese battlefield.

Our average yield here is about 120
lbs. per colony. Our honey sells from
20 to 28 shillings per 112 lbs. This
would correspond to about 5 to 7 cents
per lb. in American money. — Gleanings
in Bee Culture.

Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies, May
16.

Helpful Hints in Extensive
Bee-Keeping

BY E. D. TOWNSEND.

At this time an average colony was
placed upon a set of scales. There is
a rural mail route by this yard, thus I
was able to get a daily, postal card re-
port from this scale hive. A report of
the weather was also sent, hence I
knew at once of the drouth that cut
short the last end of the honey season.
I also kept in touch with the progress
the bees were making in their supers,
knew when they began to cap their sec-
tions, etc., and was thus able to give oc-
casional suggestions as to taking off
honey, giving additional super room,
etc.

Importance of Keeping Your Finger
ON THE Pulse of a Distant Yard.

July 4th I received a card stating
things were getting very dry; still the
scale hive was showing a fairly good
gain. This card led me to believe that
the season was probably two-thirds
over; and it was about noon, July sth,
when I arrived at this yard, on my
fourth vist. There were only about
300 pounds of section honey finished and
off the hives; but there was more be-
ing finished, as the dry weather was
favorable to the curing an-d sealing of
honey. No more empty supers were
given ; and it proved that w-e had made
a good guess as to the duration of the
honey-flow, for we got all the supers
finished except eight or ten, that need-
ed just a little feed to finish sealing.

I stayed four days at this trip; and
my son and I worked faithfully with
the sole purpose of getting this crop
of comb honey finished up. The first
thing we did. was to put bee-escapes
under all the heaviest, or best finished
supers. This was kept up until nearly
every super in the yard had been
handled, and all the finished sections
removed. The partly full sections were
put in supers, and returned to the colo-
nies that were the most likely to fin-
ish them. When we got through there

November, 1907.

Amc^rican l^ae Journal

was no colony that had more than one
super to finish, and several had none.
These colonies that were left without
supers were the new swarms that were
still on one section of their hive. These
were now given their other section of
their hive. This gave them a week or
so of the last end of the honey-flow for
their own use, which put them in better
shape to build up for winter.

During the time that this shifting was
going on, we kept in mind the fact that
some colonies were finishing up honey
faster than others, and these free-work-
ing colonies were given those supers
containing the most work to do. We
think we gained quite a considerable
time by doing this.

It is a custom of ours to do lots of
this shifting of supers from colony to
colony. To illustrate, a colony that is
a little sulky about drawing out founda-
tion in the sections, will often finish up
and seal combs quite readily; takmg
advantage of this fact, we keep these
sulky fellows finishing up work.

We had at this yard, about 35 new
swarms; 30 from the 84 comb honey
colonies, and 5 from the 84 worked for
extracted honey. This just made up
our loss through queenless colonies dur-
ing spring, and was about the number
we wanted. The first new swarms were
hived in one section of our shallow
hive, on combs where the bees had died
during spring. The sections were re-
moved from the parent colony, and giv-
en to the new swarm, on the old stand.
This was done immediately after hiv-
ing; and with this treatment, there was
not a single swarm absconded. To-
wards the last of the season, new
swarms were hived in the dead-colony
hives in the extracted honey yard; so
that the yard had the same number of
colonies in the fall that it had the pre-
vious fall.

This about finishes the story, except
that Delbert stayed and finished harvest-
ing the crop of honey, and put it in
marketable shape. There were 2,300
pounds of No. i and fancy comb, and
6,000 pounds of extracted. This being
a poor season, the crop was short. Del-
bert also fed three or four barrels of
sugar to colonies short of winter stores.
This yard being located on the bank of
Rapid" river, one of Michigan's famous
trout streams, do not imagine for a
minute that producing honey was all we
did.

Feeding Back to Get Partly-Filled

Sections Completed at the Close

OF THE Honey Season.

Delbert came home the last week of
August, having been in this yard a lit-
tle over three months. My last, and
fifth visit was the 5th and 6th of No-
vember to put the bees into their win-
ter quarters.

I mentioned above that there were
several supers that were not sealed and
in condition for the market at the close
of the season. In these last-filled, un-
finished sections, the part that is capped,
is very thin, or lean to look at, and were
they finished up and capped without the
cells being lengthened out, they would
not weigh more than 11 to 12 ounces;
and were we to feed to get them into
marketable shape, the unsealed portion

would be drawn out to the regular
thickness, while the part that was capped
would be left untouched, thus making
a bad looking job. We remedy this by
uncapping the portion that is capped,
letting the bees do anew the whole job
of capping, and this gives us a good,
smooth, even surface — about the same
as they cap vidth a natural flow. It was
good enough, so that it went with the
rest, at 15 cents a pound, on the car here.

Comparative Results in Extracted

AND Comb Honey Production.

The Comb Honey Yard.

84 colonies at $4.50 $378.00

16 empty hives and combs at

$2,50 40.00

300 supers complete at 50c 150.00

Tools 10.00

I honey house So. 00

Total capital invested $628.00

Interest on capital invested $37.68

Wear and tear 37-68

Rent and taxes 9-00

3,000 sections 13-00

30 pounds foundation at S4c 16.20

150 shipping cases 22.00

18 outside crates at 40c 7.20

Work (estimated) 75-00

Traveling expenses 20.00

Total expenses $237-76

Credits.
2,300 lbs. comb honey at 15c. .. .$345.00
1,000 lbs. extracted honey at 8c. 80.00

15 lbs. wax at 30c 4-5o

30 new swarms at $1.50 45-00

Total receipts $474-50

Expense items 237.76

Percent of profit on capital invested,
37 2-3 percent.

Extracted Honey Yard.

84 colonies at $4 $336-00

16 empty hives at $2 32.00

170 upper sections and combs, $2. 240.00

I four-frame extractor 20.00

Tools 10-00

I honey house 50.00

Total capital estimated $788.00

Interest on capital invested $47.28

Wear and tear 47 ■''^

Rent and taxes 9-00

42 cases of empty cans 21 .00

Work (estimated) 25.00

Traveling expenses 20.00

Total expenses $160 56

Credits.
5,000 lbs. extracted honey at 8c.. $400. 00

50 lbs. wax at 30c 15-00

5 new swarms at $1.50 7-5o

Total receipts $422.50

Expense items 169. s6

Profits $252.94

Percent of profit on capital invested,
a little over 32 percent.
Total income from both yards. .$897.00
Total expense items 407-32

Total profit $489.68

Total percent of profit on both yards,
about 34!^ percent.

It will be remembered that the sea-
son of 1906, in the location -w^here this

yard is located, was very poor; bee-
keepers getting only about half a crop.
Had the season been an ordinary one,
and we had harvested, say, double the
crop we did, many of the expense items
would have been considerably reduced;
that is, in proportion to the amount of
honey secured. Take the item of labor:
While there was plenty for one to do
a considerable of the time, at other
times there was little to do; and, had
the crop been double, just a little ex-
tra help at harvest time would have se-
cured it. This extra help, and extra
supplies would not have been anywhere
near as much expense, as would have
been gained in the larger crop of honey ;
while the items of interest, wear and
tear, rent and taxes, would be the same.

I think this statement would be in-
complete, unless I told what my son
would often say, while working this
yard. The- expression would be some-
thing as follows; "I could have worked
five yards for extracted honey with the
same labor it took to produce this crop
of 2,300 pounds of comb honey."

Remus, Mich., Jan. 21, 1907.

— Bee-Keepers' Review.

Honey Ripened on Hives, Etc.

BY F. GREINER.

In the October number of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal it is said that honey
improves if left on the hive to the end
of the season. Thousands of bee-keep-
ers of long experience, here and abroad,
have said so again and again, and
green honey has been severely con-
demned ever since I kept bees, if I re-
member rightly. We all know that
green honey not only lacks in body, but
it has not the fine flavor of well-rip-
ened honey of the same source ; it is
therefore very important that the honey-
producer exercises care in extracting.
The notes of warning Mr. Townsend
and Mr. Hutchinson sound should be
heeded, and we should at least not ex-
tract from the combs till all sealed. If
found necessary to extract from un-
sealed or partly unsealed combs, such
honey should be kept separate and sold
for less money. So far, so good.

I would now ask the question : Has
any extensive experiment ever been
made which goes to show that honey,
after being sealed, improves with age
if left on the hive, say to the end of the
season? I am aware that comb-honey
has sometimes imparted to it a peculiar
— let me call it hive-flavor — if left on
the hive an unduly long time. This
flavor is somewhat objectionable to
many, but possibly not so to some oth-
ers. I very much doubt, however, that
the body and general qualities of honey
can be improved after it is sealed. I
have had honey sour on the hive during
the summer season and raise the cap-
pings. The bees sometimes remove a
part of such honey from those cells
which appear to contain the worst
honey, but even that which is left in
those combs by them has a sour taste
and smell. The bees seem to have no
way to improve it even if left on the
hive to the end of the honey season,
as Hutchinson, Townsend and Dadant

November, 1907.

721

American Hee Journal j^i w>=^ms»>i

recommend. It is therefore necessary
to go a little further in the selection of
our combs before they go to the ex-
tractor. The combs whicli contain
soured honey have a varying percent of
unsealed or open cells sprinlded in
among the rest. Seldom we find more
than one unsealed cell in a place. Look
out for such combs. Taste of such sus-
picious honey. If the slightest tang can
be detected about it, reject it. I know
of no way to improve such honey, and
the only possible use that can be made
of it is to put it into the vinegar bar-
rel. It may also do for feeding bees in
the early spring, but I do not know. I
should want it all used up in brood-
rearing if I used it in this way.

As dififerent conditions alter cases, it
would not do for every honey-producer
to follow the advice of even such bee-
masters as Mr. Townsend and Mr.
Hutchinson to the letter, and leave all
his honey on the hive to the end of the
honey season, from more than one point
of view. What may be proper and best
for one bee-keeper may be entirely
wrong for another. Located where I
am, the early honey coming from the
tulip tree is very dark, more so than
even buckwheat, and decidedly unpleas-
ant. The red raspberry honey and the
earlier fruit-bloom honey is also objec-
tionable on account of flavor and color.
If I left on all extracting combs from
the beginning of the season to the end,
my honey would be very poor as to
flavor and color. A sorting out of the
different honeys would be impractica-
ble, and I would be the loser in the end,
for color always stands first, flavor next,
and body last; this, at least, is my ex-
perience, absurd as it may be.

Now what is to be done in such a
case? If e.xtracted honey must be pro-
duced we must extract before the good
white honey comes here about the last
of June, then again as soon as this flow
stops. We have to be on our guard so
as not to have any late dark honey
stored in the supers with the white. It
is a very unpleasant situation. I real-
ize how much more agreeable it is in a
location where all the honey gathered is
practically of one color and flavor. Vir-
ginia is one of those spots favored along
this line ; I have an out-yard there where
practically only white honey is gath-
ered.

In localities where it seems necessary
to extract several times to keep the dif-
ferent honeys separate, naturally some
green honey will have to be extracted.
This answers nicely for feeding to
comb-honey-producing colonies, and may
be turned to good account in this man- .
ner. The washings from cappings can
also be thus utilized if not thought best
to make into vinegar.

Bits of Comb Attached to Sections

We sometimes come across a colony
of bees which is great in attaching little
waxen legs to the face of the comb and
the separator. I have not found this
to be owing to queen or any special
strain of bees, but merely a temporary
affliction. The next season, or even the
next super during the same season,
would be free from the trouble. When
the faces of sections are thus attached
to the separators by little stools, dam-

age may result if care is not taken to
detach them. As suggested in the Oc-
tober American Bee Journal, these con-
necting legs should be cut loose. A
small saw, however, does the work much
more satisfactorily than a knife. The
blade of a hacksaw which costs about
3 cents may be used in lieu of something
better, and when it becomes daubed with
honey it may be left in a dish of water.
I should be afraid to use a hot knife for
fear of doing harm.

Chancing Sections to Hasten Fin-
ishing.
My. Colton suggests, on page 682, to
transfer the unfinished sections from
the outside of the super to the center
so that they will be finished quicker. He
also says that he uses no separators. It
will not be satisfactory, Mr. Colton, un-
der these conditions, unless you have
sealed surfaces each side of each sec-
tion to be finished. When using separa-

tors it is all right. The bees can not
then help themselves, but must cap the
section even.

CoMD Honey by Express.

The same number speaks of sending
comb honey by express, and that the ex-
press companies, if they accept such
goods, should handle them with care or
else pay damages. That is right. It is
a very singular fact that the express
companies demand a very high rate
for honey, but refuse to take any re-
sponsibility as to its safe transit and de-
livery. I have found it unsafe — nay,
impossible — to send comb honey in sin-
gle cases by express and have it deliv-
ered in good order. On the other hand,
I have never had comb honey damaged
materially when properly put up in car-
riers and shipped by freight. Do not
ship comb honey by express, is my ad-
vice.

Naples, N. Y.

Conducted by J. L. BYER. Mount Joy, Ont.

Ideal Fall Weather

The weather here in Ontario, from
September 15 to 25, was ideal for pre-
paring bees for winter, and a lot of
feeding could be done in a short time.
From Sept. 25 to Oct. 12 it was un-
seasonably cool, but now (Oct. 17) we
are enjoying balmy, summerlike weath-
er. This will give a chance for feeding
where necessary, if the work has been
delayed thus far. Unfortunately the
writer viras one who had to feed a large
amount of sugar; but, really, the only
undesirable part of the work was hand-
ing out the cash, as the feeding was all
done in such a short time.

With three yards to feed up, the task
looked pretty big, but with about 20
Mailer feeders at each apiary, starting
Sept. IS, all colonies were fed in less
than 3 weeks. While all colonies are
heavy in stores, in our own yards I
think the clusters will not average near-
ly as large as in other years. Whether
there will be difference in results as to
wintering, as compared with other win-
ters, remains to be seen.

The Next Ontario Convention

The Ontario Horticultural Exhibition,
or as it is more generally called, the
"Fruit, Flower and Honey Show," will
be held this year again in Massey Hall,
Toronto, on Nov. 12 to 16. At the same
time (13, 14 and 15) the Ontario bee-
keepers will hold their annual conven-
tion. Regarding the convention and

exhibition, the Canadian Bee Journal
has the following:

"The Ontario Bee-keepers Association
will hold their Annual Convention in
Toronto, Nov. 13, 14 and 15, the week
of the Fruit, Flower and Honey Show.
A splendid program has been prepared
for the Convention, a few of the ad-
dresses being as follows :

" 'A Chapter of Mistakes,' by R. H.
Smith of St. Thomas.

" 'Foul Brood,' by Miss Trevorrow, of
Meadowvale.

" 'Comb Honey,' by S. D. House of
Camillus, N. Y.

" 'Distribution of Honey,' by W. A.
Chrysler of Chatham.

" 'The importance of keeping the
brood-nest clear of capped honey by a
moderate use of the extractor, either in
the production of comb or extracted
honey, by E. W. Alexander, of Delan-
son, N. Y.

" 'The condition of the industry in
Ontario,' — lo-minute reports by the 6
apiary inspectors. This series of ad-
dresses should be full of interest. Ow-
ing to excessive losses during the past
winter, bee-keepers should more than
ever pay greater attention to the condi-
tion of their colonies at all times of the
seasons. The inspectors have been vis-
iting thousands of apiaries during the
past year, and will, perhaps more than
any other bee-keepers, have acquainted
themselves with the conditions that
make for suocess in the industry. Their
report as to the state of foul brood will
also be of exceeding interest.

"The honey show will be on a differ-
ent basis again this year as the com-

722

X'overnber, 1907.

American T^ee Journal

mittee has decided to go back to the
system of offering prizes. A liberal sum
is being put up, and bee-keepers all over
the Province sliould take advantage of
this opportunity to exhibit their product.
Too much emphasis cannot be laid on
this show as a means of advertising, ow-
ing to the immense population centered
around Toronto. A splendid musical
program is being offered at the show
again. Toronto's 4 leading bands have
been engaged for the evenings, and a
splendid orchestra and other music for
the afternoons.

"Entries should be made through the
Secretary of the Association, Mr. P. W.
Hodgetts. Parliament Bldg., Toronto,
at as early a date as possible."

No question but that the Ontario Gov-
ernment is to be commended for the
interest taken in apiculture and kindred
pursuits, and it is to be hoped the bee-
keepers of the province will reciprocate
by both exhibiting and visiting the Ex-
hibition. While the very poor season
will, to a great extent, handicap the
bee-keeping exhibit, yet if the splendid
show of honey at the Canadian National
Exhibition can be taken as a criterion,
no danger but what a creditable display
of honey will be in evidence.

As to the program of the Convention,
the presence of some of the notable bee-
keepers from "across the line" should
be a stimulus towards drawing a bump-
er attendance at the different sessions.
It is to be hoped that many of our
American cousins who are not on the
program, can see their way clear to at-
tend the meeting. Fortunately, the bee-
keeping industry knows no "line," and
all who come to visit the "Queen City,"
and attend the Convention, can be as-
sured of a hearty welcome.

Railway rates are arranged as fol-
lows :

"Nov. 13 and 14, special excursions
will be run by the railways to Toronto
from all points in Ontario, at lowest
one-way, first-class fare. Tickets bought
on these dates will be good for return
up to and including Nov. 16. Those de-
siring to attend the Exhibition on other
dates will be able to do so at the same
rate, but it will be necessary for them
to obtain standard certificates from their
station agent when they purchase their
tickets to Toronto. One-way tickets to
Toronto, with Standard Convention
Certificates, can be purchased from No-
vember 8 to 16, inclusive, and will be
honored for the return journey free,
regardless of the number in attendance,
up to and including, November 20, 1907.
These certificates must be endorsed by
the Secretary at the Exhibition in Mas-
sey Hall before they will be honored by
the railways for the return trip. A fee
of 25 cents will be charged for each
certificate vised."

The Ontario Honey Show Prizes

The following is a list of the prizes
offered at the Ontario Honey Show, to
be held in Massey Hall, Toronto, Nov.
12 to 16, 1907:

ist 2d 3d 4th
Best 20 dozen of comb honey in
sections, (quality and finish to
count 80 points, display 20
points, total 100 points) $15 $12 $9 $6

Best 5 dozen of comb honey in
sections, (quality and finish to
count 80 points, display 20
points, total 100 points) S 642

Best one dozen of comb honey in
sections, (quality and finisii to
count So points, display 20
points, total 100 points) .... 4 3 2 1

Best 200 lbs. of extracted liquid
honey to be displayed, 100 lbs.
in glass, balance in tins 12 964

Best display of 50 lbs. extract-
ed liquid honey in glass 5 421

Best 10 lbs. extracted liquid

clover honey in glass 4 3 2 1

Best 10 lbs. e.xtracted liquid lin-
den honey in glass 4 321

Best 50 lbs. of extracted granu-
lated honey 6 4 3 2

Best display of 200 lbs. comb
and extracted honey suitable
for a grocer's window or coun-
ter, (comb to be in sections,
e.xtracted in glass jars, tins or
other packages suitable for
general grocery trade) 10 7 4 2

Best 25 lbs. e.xtracted buckwheat

honey in glass 4 3 2 i

Best 2 dozen of buckwheat hon-
ey in sections 4 321

Best 10 lbs. of beeswax 321

Best exhibit of 6 articles con-
taining honey, showing the
most practical methods of us-
ing honey for domestic pur-
poses 4 3 2 I

Best and most practicable new

invention for bee-keepers* use. 5 321

Best display of bees and queen

which may be seen by visitors. 10 864

Best method of crating and pack-
ing comb honey, showing 12-
section cases ready for ship-
ment ' 7 5 3 t

Best packages for long distance
shipment of extracted honey,
sho'wing method of packing
and crating same 7 5 3 s

Best package for retailing ex-
tracted granulated honey, pack-
age to be filled 3 2 i

The honey committee is composed of
F. J. Miller, chairman ; P. W. Hodgetts,
secretary; and H. G. Sibbald and W.
Couse.

A Serviceable Winter-Case

In "Gleanings" for Oct. ist, editorially
Mr. Root has the following about win-
ter-cases :

"We believe that a very good serv-

iceable winter-case can be made out of
ordinary light building paper, or even a
heavy grade of manilla, if oiled. The
top of the hive should first be covered
with several folds of newspaper, and
then this manilla or building paper of
suitable size should be laid on top, neat-
ly folded around the ends and sides, and
tied. Be sure to make the folds so they
will shed water, not catch it."

While nothing is said as to localities
where the plan outlined would be effi-
cacious, I am quite sure that in our lati-
tude, in severe winters, the paper pro-
tection for hives is simply "no good."

A few years ago, when A. C. i\Iiller
and some others were booming the pa-
per for winter protection, the writer was
quite enthused, and prepared a number
of colonies according to directions. The
result was a complete disappointment;
while the bees packed in the "good old
way" (the paper advocates call it the
refrigerator style) came through in
grand condition.

Bees in hives covered with paper, in
different parts of the yard, nearly all
perished, and what were left were mere
nuclei in the early spring. All I have
heard of in Ontario, w'ho tried the plan,
reported somewhat similar results. If
any bee-keepers in Ontario have had
success with the plan, I would be pleased
to hear from them, so that I could pos-
sibly find out why I and others failed.

While I am at it, permit me to say
that my opinion as to the use of paper
for spring protection is just about the
same as I regard it for winter use. Give
me abundant protection over the top of
the brood-nest, and I would not give 2
cents for all the tarred paper that could
be wrapped around too hives. Already
some of the prominent bee-keepers of
the United States who have tried the
plan, are now denouncing it, and I have
an idea that inside of 5 years, some
of the bee-keepers who are now advo-
cates of the system, will keep "mum"
when tarred paper is mentioned.

outhern

Conducted by LUUIS H. SCHuLL. Xew Braunfels. Tex.

Questions About Shallow Hives

Dear Mr. Scholi, ; — In a late issue of
the American Bee Journal you describe
a system of using extracting supers for
all purposes — for brood-rearing, for ex-
tracting, and for chunk honey.

1. Do you use an excluder to confine
the queen in the 2 lower supers?

2. Does not rearing brood, and then
using the same coinbs for surplus, give
you dark combs and dark honey?

3. How about pollen? I should think
there would be more or less of it stored

in the combs where the brood was
reared. Will an extractor throw pollen
out of combs?

4. Do you use this same system for
extracted honey? If I understand, you
spoke mostly of chunk honey.

5. Would this same system work in
this locality?

I worked 10 colonies for comb honey
this season, and put in almost all of
my spare time cutting out queen-cells
and cutting brace-combs off the faces
of the sections and fences, and I am
about ready for something different.
.Although I will make about $75 clear of

NuvuinbiT, ii)(i/.

American Hee Journal

expenses this year, I am going to get
111 extractor and educate the piibHc to
i.it extracted honey and not think it is
half glucose or something worse. There
are no extractors in this part of the
country. D. B. Kinnison.

David City, Nebr., Sept. 17.

No excluders arc u.sed in my apiaries.
Tlie queen can go into both the lower
and upper half of the hive as it is in
winter. As soon as the brood-nest is
enlarged, becomes crowded, and more
honey is coming in than is needed in
the brood-nest, a case of empty combs
is slipped in between the 2 halves, thus
giving plenty of room for egg-laying
and place for the bees. This time is
just about when bees are beginning to
think about swarming on account of
their crowded condition, and this ma-
nipulation generally knocks it out.

1 he upper case now becomes our first
extracting super, being gradually filled
with the honey not needed below, and
crowds out of it the brood. Besides,
the queen has plenty of room below,
and no excluders are needed.

I have no trouble with dark combs,
as my honey is the same from all of
them. The pollen does not fly out in
extracting; besides, most of it will be
used up in the upper case, and the rest
will be stored in the lower ones.

The same system is used in the pro-
duction of comb or extracted honey.
The manipulation given above is the
same for all. Later, when the flow
comes, supers of either sections, frames
with starters for bulk comb, or full
combs for extracted honey, are given
under the top case. Tiering up is then
practiced ahke with all kinds also.

Dry Fall in North Central Texas

Bees in this locality (Central Texas')
are having a long rest-spell. Most of
the queens have entirely stopped lay-
ing, and no young brood is being reared.
This is for the want of pasturage for
the busy little workers. The 8-months'
drouth we have just passed through has
parched the fields and meadows brown,
and everything has more the appearance
of inidwinter than our usual spring-like
October and November weather.

See to the Winter Stores.

I should not be surprised if a good
many bees would go into winter short
on stores in the Northern and Central
parts of the Sfate, owing to the long
drouth, and the bees gathering nothing
since June. Our usual fall crop from
the broomweed is a failure, and it
would be well to make a close examina-
tion as to the amount of stores the
bees have, and, if short, feed them.
Don't put this off and risk it, and com-
plain next spring that the bees didn't
winter well; you had "bad luck" with
the bees, etc. The days of "good luck"
and "bad luck" with bees have about
become a thing of the past here in the
South. This is as it should be, too,
for it is either pure neglect or hard-
down stinginess in the apiarist if he fails
to winter his bees in this climate. We
have no fears of bad stores, too much
pollen, or too many bees, etc. It is
starvation that kills the bees here.

Reverse the IIive-Bottoms Now.

If you use reversible buttom-lxj.irds,
November is the month they should be
reversed for the small entrance in this
climate. This should not be neglected,
for the hives with deep entrances are
sure to be infested with mice during
the winter, which arc very destructive
to the combs, to say nothing of the an-
noyance they cause the bees, and I have
reasons to believe that mice sometimes
cause "swarming out" in winter.

General Rains Over Texas.

The long drouth is at last broken.
We have had at least 3 inches of rain
in the last 48 hours, with prospects good
for more, and from reports from difTcr-
cnt parts of the State, we think the rain
is general. This will be of no special
benefit to the bees the present year, but

ill keeping a young queen and 2 or
more old queens in the same hive; but
with yuun^ queens it is a failure with
me. VVho else has had experience along
this line?

Rescue, Tex. L. B. S.mitii.

Bee-Keeping- in North Carolina

I feel it is my duty to speak up for
my old State of North Carolina, and
let the Northern and Western bee-
veterans know that we have some honey,
and bees that know how to go after it.
We have had a fine honey-flow here.
Our principal honey-flow is sourwood,
which is very fine and clear. The flow
lasted 27 days. •

I am sending a view of the home
of my honey-bees. I have 15 colonies,

Apiary of G. F. Jones, of Elkin, N. C.

as most of our best honey-plants come
up and winter over like fall-sown wheat
or oats, this rain has come just right
to make them do their best.

It has been a long time since we have
had an old-fashioned, good honey-flow
all over the State, and it is just about
time we were having such a year; if
these rains continue to come this fall
and winter, I would not be afraid to
assure a good honey crop in 1908.

Dr. C. C. Miller seems still to be in
doubt about queen-bees fighting when
confined together. This is something
I don't quite understand for so practical
a man as Dr. Miller. Old queens 2>^
or more years old will not often fight,
but young, vigorous queens that are
only a few weeks or months old will
alzvays fight to a finish for me when
confined together. I don't know that
they would do this if they were at
liberty on the combs in the hive, but I
should expect even then for them to
show more or less hostility towards each
other.

Some may say, "What has all this to
do with practical bee-keeping?" It has
this to do with it: If we are to prac-
tice the Alexander plan of keeping 2
or more queens in the same hive, we
want to know whether or not we can
expect 2 or more young queens to work
peaceably or not. I have no trouble

which averaged 70 pounds to the col-
ony. I have the hives on foundations
8 inches high and just the width of the
hive, and sloping as you will see in the
accompanying picture. I arrange them
this way so that the toads, which are
very numerous here, can not pick up
the bees at night. I notice them try-
ing to catch the bees. But when they
make a dive they lose their foothold and
turn a somersault every time.

We have two robbing seasons — one in
the spring and one in the fall. While
we have a fine honey-flow now, my bees
are robbing now the worst I ever saw.
It is something that I do not under-
stand. I would like to hear from some
of the experienced bee-keepers why they
should rob when we have a fine flow.
My hives are all Danzehbaker style,
and there is no place for the bees to
start robbing. Our fall flow is from the
frostweed and goldenrod, which is the
last to bloom here.

I have been keeping bees 3 years,
starting with one colony of Italians, and
have built up to 15. I have had some
gloomy times with my bees, and have
never formed any acquaintance with
them yet.

The American Bee Journal is one
hundred percent finer, and I like it much
better since it became a monthly.

Elkin, N. C, Sept. 23. G. F. Jones.

November, 1907.

American l^ae Journal

Some Prime Essentials in Bee-
Keeping

"Good morning, Mr. Robinson, I
thought I would come over during a
leisure moment and ask you some im-
portant questions concerning bees. I
would like to have you tell me what
you consider the most essential requisite
to successful honey production."

"Mr. Jones, I can answer you in just
two little words, 'the queen.' The queen
is of the most importance to the col-
ony, to the apiarist and to successful
bee-keeping from a honey standpoint.
You can build your hive of the most
choice and expensive wood known to
the world, but unless you have a choice
queen of some good strain of bees your
mouth will water for honey before you
get it unless you buy it. The queen is
your egg-machine, and as the eggs pro-
duce bees, and as bees gather honey,
how do you expect honey, when you
hnve nothing to produce your bees?
Any queen that is not capable of de-
positing from 3,000 to 4,000 eggs every
twenty-four hours and keep it up for
weeks, just as the right time, is of no
more use than a barren hen, so far as
profit and honey is concerned."

"I see ; but is that all that you con-
sider to be of vital importance?"

"Why, of course not, Mr. Jones.
There is the hive to look to, as to ca-
pacity for such a queen. Then there
must be her breeding surface to con-
sider. There must be storage-room sup-
plied.".

"Mr. R., what do you mean by breed-
ing surface?"

"I mean territory, which is worker-
bee combs, of sufficient capacity to de-
posit enough eggs in which to produce
a large colony of working-bees. We
practical bee-men use a hive that is
known as the dovetail hive. It is made
of such dimensions as to contain 8 or
10 frames, known as the Hoffman self-
spacing frame. The frames are approxi-
mately 8x17 inches interior measure.
There are 25 worker-bee cells to every
square inch of surface. A frame con-
tains 136 square inches of surface, and
as there are 25 cells to the square inch,
you have 2400 cells to the frame. As hon-
ey-comb cells are built on two sides of a
center we must double the capacity of
the frame, which would be 4,800 cells.
As there are 10 frames in a hive we
would have 48,000 cells. If the apiarist
knows his business he will see to it that
his good queen has this much surface in
which to rear her bees."

"Does the queen lay in all this sur-
face, Mr. Robinson?"

"Never. She occupies from none at
all in December and January to from
two-thirds to three-fourths in April,
May or June, the rest being used for
storing food-supplies, which is pollen
and honey, this being used to feed the
larvae and for personal use. The bees'
order of depositing their honey, pollen
and larvae come in the form named.
First, next to the wood part of the
frame, they store their honey, placing
it in semi - circular form, the largest
amount of honey being placed in the
corners of the frame at the top. Sec-
ond, is placed the pollen, in a narrow

belt just below the circle of honey, con-
forming to it. Third is the brood,
which occupies the rest of the frame.

"If you have these conditions reigning
in your hive with a young Italian queen,
you can cock your hat up on the corner
of your head and make sure that you
will get a fine lot of honey from that
colony of bees that season, if there is
any to gather."

"But, Mr. Robinson, you have told
me how to fix my bees, but you have
not told me how to get the honey."

"You mean, Mr. Jones, how to fix the
bees so as to have them deposit their
surplus for you? All right, do this:
Get a super just the size of the brood-
chamber, one to take the same size
frames as above, and fill all of them
with comb foundation. Now, just at the
beginning of the honey-flow, go to the
hive and take 2 or 3 frames from be-
low and put them into the super and
put 2 frames with the foundation below.
Set the super on top of the hive and go
your way rejoicing. Ghoose 2 frames
with just the least bit of food to place
above. When you place the foundation
in the brood-chamber, place it just on
the inside of the outside frame of brood.
This is as near as I can tell you how
to do it, but you must bear in mind that
it takes years of apicultural experience
to do this just right, and at the right

time. If you have done this right, and
at the right time, you may expect 50
pounds of honey from that colony in
due time."

"Shall I take this honey out and let
them alone for the year?"

"When these combs are full and
sealed, take the extractor and throw
out all this honey and replace, using
care not to break the new, tender combs.
Replace them in the hive. If the season
is a reasonably good one you may ex-
pect them filled again. At the end of
the honey-flow you can cut out some
of these combs for comb honey if you
desire some. Continue to take the honey
from this top chamber just as long as
the bees deposit it up there. I have
taken it from some of mine as many as
4 times during a season, and have of-
tentimes had one colony to produce over
200 pounds of honey during one sea-
son.

"I can't tarry any longer this time,
but I must tell you that if you want
honey from your bees you must learn
how to get good, young Italian queens
into them. Further, you must cut away
those old crooked combs and substitute
therefor good, nice, straight worker-cell
combs. Put them in a good, nice hive
and then you will be all right."— T. P.
Robinson, Bartlett, Tex., in Dallas
News.

Reflection J'

California Bce-Kecpcr

By W. A. PRYAL, Alden Station. Oakland. Calif.

The Honey Crop of California

The honey crop for 1907 has been
far from being what it was expected
to be. The rainfall was abundant in all
portions of the State — in fact, in most
places it was far above the average.
Vegetation made a full growth, and the
flowers were abundant enough. But the
nectar-secretion was deficient, owing
largely to the nights being too cool.
In some portions along the coast the
days were rather foggy. All of this
kept the bees from getting in what
would have otherwise been a record-
breaking honey-flow. Even the fall
flowers have not yielded much nectar;
it seems that the bees could not gather
enough to keep them from starving. On
the whole, it has been a year of cool
nights. Verily, it might be written,
"the year was a cold frost for the bee-
keeper."

Sun-KII!ed Wax-Larvae

myself (we are pretty friendly old
chaps) got in and "did things" to that
deservedly despised depredator of the
apiary — the wax-moth larvae. I had the
"worms" "done to a finish" by the sun's
rays.

Now comes the versatile Mr. Louis H.
Scholl, and tells in Gleanings how "hun-
dreds of combs have been 'disinfected'
in this way in our yards." You are
right, Mr. Scholl, the "worms" will hike
as lively as a tramp will with a bull-
dog attached to the seat of his unmen-
tionables.

Honey Qetting More In Evidence

Last spring I took occasion in these
columns to note the fact that Old Sol
was a valuable ally of the bee-keeper
when the latter knew how to utilize him.
I mentioned a case where Old Sol and

I notice the grocery stores are now
making a greater display of honey in
windows and on counters than prev-
iously. Why they are putting it for-
ward as one of the staples they carry,
I do not know, but it is a good thing
for the bee-keeper that they do. Possi-
bly the pure-food law has induced the
store-keepers to further the sale of the
bees' product. When so much honey has
been adulterated it might have made the
shopman's life burdensome to answer all
the questions as to the purity of the
honey he carried. Now everybody takes

November, 1907.

American Hee Jonrnal k

it for grantctl that what is offered him
is true to label.

One thing I know just now is, that
with butter at 85 cents per 2-pound roll,
honey will sell better than ever. Money
has not advanced anywhere near in pro-
portion to other commodities. From 35
to 50 cents per jar (and the jar itself is
often worth a dime) is about the pre-
vailing price at the stores for good
honey. I should like to see the dealer
sell honey in bulk like he does syrup.
I think it would be better for producer.
If we could only place a honey on the
market that would not granulate, the
business would be much benefited. It
is all right to say that candied is per se
pure. But every grocer is not prepared
to handle it in that shape. If all honey
were candied tlie grocer would find it
easier to sell it in that form than any
other. Well, perhaps we might find a
way to send all our honey to market
in solid form.

Fall Flowers in California

The flowers of the fall are not over-
numerous in 'California ; neither are
those we have prolific in nectar. At
least such have been my observations.
I believe no native flower can compare
with the eucalyptus from Australia, sev-
eral varieties of which bloom during the
fall and winter months in California,
and as they have been planted quite e.x-
tensively in some places, they make
good bee-forage.

Another foreign bee-flower common
in California, but perhaps not planted
extensively enough to be of any great
benefit to the bees, is the pepper-tree
(Schinns iiiolli) of Chile. In this por-
tion of the State it is in full swing in
September. This year it was blooming
earlier than usual — I saw some trees
in a state of inflorence as early as May,
and these same trees are so continuing
at this writing (August 28) and I have
reason to believe they will do so for a
month or more yet. I have always con-
sidered it a good honey-secreting tree.

Wm. Muth-Rasmussen

This is the name of a bee-keeper this
State has reason to be proud of; but
how seldom do we hear of him nowa-
days. Over a quarter of a century ago
he began contrilDuting to the bee-papers,
often furnishing drawings to illustrate
the same. He is a genius, but for some
time past he has been "hiding his light
under a bushel." I believe there are
few bee-keepers in the .State that are
better able to write upon topics bee-
cultural than is this gentleman. And
like the late Charles Dadant, when he
began bee-keeping in this country Eng-
lish was, I believe, a language he was
not accustomed to write; but his desire
to express intelligemtly in print caused
him to study up in this language, so that
in a short time he could write better
English than the average person to the
manor born.

I have never had the pleasure of meet-
ing Mr. Muth-Rasmussen, but a score or
so of years ago we carried on a corre-
spondence. By this means, and through

a series of articles he contributed to the
Pacific Rural Press, about 15 years ago,
I came to know something of the man
and his attainments. He is a machinist,
I believe, by trade, but a bee-keeper by
preference. His home is in far-off Inyo
County — one of tlie most inaccessible
spots on earth, or it was so a few years
ago. A railroad may have reached that
section by this time.

But I would protest against some of
the highfaluting names some of these
city packers give the honey that they
send out. For instance, the honey I
mentioned above, was called "Wild Rose
Honey." There arc some wild roses in
California, but they do not furnish
honey enough to feed a cub bear. Mr.
Packer, your honey would taste just as
sivcct under its true name.

Naming; Honey

The Eucalyptus

A few days ago I had occasion to visit
a gentleman connected with the ship-
ping department of a large syrup-pack-
iiig firm in San Francisco. As the gen-
tleman was not at his place of duty
at the time I called, I decided to await
his return. To pass the time away, I
casually surveyed that end of the busi-
ness, and noted what was being sent
off. I noticed that everything was guar-
anteed under the Pure Food Law of
igo6, or bore on the label just what the
package contained. Some extracted
honey was being made ready for ship-
ment, and I picked up one of the jars
and read the label, which was nicely
lithographed in colors. On a separate
narrow label, pasted just below the cork,
was the statement that the contents
were packed just as it came from the
package of the producer. That left the
matter, if there was any, of adultera-
tion, "up to" the apiarist. I should sup-
pose, and it is fair to say, that that
means purity, as no bee-keeper, I think
has been known to adulterate his honey.
It would not pay him to do so.

Prof. Cook is out again in praise of
these trees of the antipodes. I indorse
what he says; in fact, since 1876 I have
been a warm advocate of these trees
for an addition to our nectar-secreting
flora. Hereabouts I am sorry to ob-
serve that large numbers of the trees
arc being cut down, as the land is fall-
ing into the hands of the real estate
boomer. Several large groves of trees
more than a quarter of a century old
have been sacrificed during the past two
years. I believe this is one reason why
my bees have not stored any consid-
erable amount of fall honey the past few
months. The cutting of the gum-trees
would be all right if others had been
plafited to succeed them. As far as I
know, the planting of these trees has
been on the wane. And this should not
be, for the wood has been greatly in
demand the past year for fuel for do-
mestic purposes. Since coal has soared
up in price to almost double its former
price, gum-wood — as eucalyptus-wood is
called — has about doubled in value, too.
I understand it is selling at from $7:50
to $10 per cord in 4-foot lengths.

locfor MillerS<^
%esfi0iij9x^

■'%<;.;.■ J

■-■nrt.-»>

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

DR. C. C. MILLER. Marengo, 111.

Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Best Height from Ground for Hives

What is the best height from the
ground for bee-hives? I have mine 20
inches, on a 4-legged stool, each hive
separate. I have each leg of the stand
protected half way from the ground up
by a tin shield under which is a satu-
rated rope of tar and kerosene. This
is to keep out all the insects, such as
ants, etc. I have never seen this done,
but thought it a good idea. Am I right?
I am not certain whether I should not
allow access to hive for bees that hap-
pen to get in the grass, or that fail to
ahght on the board. I see most hives
have a sloping stand. Which is the
best, all things considered?

New Jersey.

Answer. — l-ocality and conditions
must decide. In some parts of the

South your plan is adopted, and is ab-
solutely indispensable, for the ants are
so destructive that free access to the
hives means the ruin of the colonies.
In my locality I think it is much better
to have the hives close down to the
ground. Ants do not make much trou-
ble, and, as you suggest, when a heav-
ily-laden bee, returning from the field,
drops to the ground from exhaustion,
it is much better that it can crawl into
the hive without having to fly up very
high. Perched up, a hive is of more con-
venient height to work at, but only while
one is standing. For one who works
all day at bees it is easier to sit, and
he will live more years than if he does
his work standing. If I were living
in your locality I think I should
very much prefer having the hives low
down, and have a comfortable seat.
Costs less, too.

November, 1907

American ^ee Journal

Changing Hives— Doubling Colonies
for Winter

1. I am taking care of a few colonies
in old-fashioned immovable 8-frame
hives. Can I in any way advantageously
get them into lo-frame Langstroth hives,
either this fall or in the spring, so as to
have the full benefit of their summer's
work in the new hives?

2. Some of the colonies swarmed out
so late that they have not surplus honey
enough to winter themselves, while oth-
ers have more than I think necessary.
Can a small late colony be doubled in
with a large one and wintered through
as one strong colony? Minnesot.v.

Answers. — i. Don't think of disturb-
ing bees by anything like transferring as
late as October, or even in September.
It would not give them a fair chance
to get comfortably arranged for suc-
cessful wintering. Wait till fruit-bloom
next year, or perhaps better still, wait
till they swarm, and then break up the
old hive 21 days later. If the frames
were not "immovable" it would be a
different thing, but even in that case
they better be left undisturbed till next
spring.

2. Yes, although there is some dan-
ger of fighting. One way is to set one
hive over the other, wirecloth between
them, and after 3 or 4 days or a week
arrange all the filled frames in the one
hive. It may do without the wirecloth
if you set the one over the other very
quietly, so that each colony will stay
in its own hive till a warm day comes.

Introducing Queens

1. I purchased 7 queens and I tried
to introduce them by placing the new
queens in the hives they were expected
to occupy and leaving them 3 days be-
fore removing the old queens. At the
time I removed the old queens I gave
the bees a chance at the candy. Four
of the old queens I caged and placed
in upper stories, so that if the young
queens were killed I could let the old
queens out in the hives -they formerly
occupied. In every hive where both old
and young queens were caged, the young
queen was killed when she was let out.
Did the bees recognize their old mother
in a cage with a quilt between her and
the bees, and the young queen directly
among the bees?

2. Is this the usual state of things,
or do you usually leave the old queen
in the hive to replace any loss?

3. In 3 hives that I had killed the
old queens (upon taking them out) the
young queens were accepted. But one
colony had 9 sealed queen-cells and the
young queen was right among them.
What were they going to do?

Missouri.
Answers. — i. Being in a cage would
not at all prevent the queen from be-
ing recognized as well as if she had been
at large. There was a quilt 'between
the 2 stories, but it is not clear whether
there was communication between them.
If there was a chance for the bees to
get up from below, even if only a small
passage, then it was much the same
as if the old queen had been in the

lower story, and the bees would be pret-
ty certain to kill the new queen. If the
quilt shut off all communication between
the 2 stories, then it was strange the
new queen should have been killed.

2. No, it is not usual to leave the old
queen in any part of the hive after the
bees are allowed to release the new one.
If it be desired to save the old queen,
she may be taken with 2 or 3 frames of
brood and adhering bees, and the whole
put, as a nucleus, in another hive.

3. It is nothing unusual for bees to
start queen-cells when a new queen is
introduced. Even if the old queen be
caged, they are likely to start cells.
Although a queen is in the hive, she is
not laying, and they seem to think a
successor should be supplied that would
do better work at laying. After the
queen is freed and gets to laying they
may destroy all the cells, but sometimes
a young queen is allowed to hatch and
destroy the laying queen.

Does (lueen Lay in October?— Pre-
venting Swarming

1. I looked into one of my bee-hives
the other day to see if the colony had a
queen. I found no eggs whatever,
neither any larvse. Now, as I am a be-
ginner, I should like to know if the
queen lays eggs in October. The cli-
mate is rather cool.

2. As I want to be prepared for next
year, I should hke to know how to keep
my bees from swarming. Minnesota.

Answers. — i. The queen sometimes lays
well on into October, but in most cases,
as far North as Alinnesota she is more
likely to stop 'laying in September.

2. A whole lot of people have been
trying to find out that same thing for a
good many years, and perhaps no plan
has been found yet that is entirely sat-
isfactory to all, although every now and
then some one claims to have succeeded.
Perhaps the larger number content
themselves with shaking swarms as
coming the nearest to entire prevention,
although strictly speaking it does not
prevent at all, only anticipates the ac-
tion of the bees. If you are working

for extracted honey the problerri is eas-
ier than with comb honey. The Da-
dants get along with only 2 to 5 percent
of their colonies swarming, and their
only means of prevention is giving
abundance of room, both in the brood-
chamber and in the surplus apartment.
The Demaree plan with some is entirely
successful in preventing all swarming.
Just before there is danger of swarm-
ing, put all the brood in a second story,
leaving the queen in the lower story
with empty combs or foundation, and a
queen-e.xcluder between the two stories.
Perhaps this may work perfectly with
you.

Wintering in Chaff -Hives- Caucasian
Bees

1. I have made a number of chaflf-
hives, 5^ by Yz inch dead space filled
with dry chaff packed in moderately
tight. Will my bees, all good strong
colonies, winter in these set on the south
side of an 8-foot fence? The covers
are chaff also, 1J/2 inches in center and
5^ on edges.

2. With an opening (entrance) say
4x5^ inches, do I need any further ven-
tilation, if I attend to keeping the en-
trance open during the winter?

3. What is the present consensus of
opinion among bee-men regarding the
Caucasians? I may as well mention
that I have a colony which while not
overly strong, as I robbed it of brood
to start other colonies, gave me about
25 pounds of comb honey, and the sea-
son was remarkably poor. I think. Per-
haps I think so because I am just com-
mencing in the bee-business. lowA.

Answers. — i. You can tell next spring
better than I can tell now ; but if obliged
to make a guess in- the case. I should
say they ought to winter all right.

2. I think not.

3. There is no consensus as yet. One
says they're tip-top, another says they're
not worth keeping. Perhaps there are
Caucasians and Caucasians. Your opin-
ion is as good as that of any one else,
after you find out what they will do for
you as compared with others.

'Boiled 'DowiV'

A Recouii i.\ 1 AKiNG Off Honey.

We have harvested a good crop this
year, and I made a record in taking off
extracted honey. I should like to see
this surpassed by some of the plain-
frame men. In 10 hours 2 boys and
myself took off extracted honey, put all
the combs back, and cased 350 gallons
of honey. I took off every comb and
wheeled them to the tent in a wheel-
barrow, four lo-frame bodies at a time.
That talk about its being so hard to get
self-spaced combs out of hives is all

nonsense. The day before we made this
record we took our outfit 14 miles, and
put the tent and everything in working
order, and extracted 300 gallons. But
we had to get up at 2 a. m. ; but that
shows what can be done if one gets in
a rush. — A. H. Knolle, of Texas, in
Gleanings.

Gasoline Engine for Extracting.

E. W. Alexander is enthusiastic as to
the use of a gasoline engine for those
who produce extracted honey on a large

November, 1907.

727

American Hae Journaij

)^=.^tg^ I

scale. Indeed, he thinks that a bee-
keeper with 100 colonics cannot afford
to do withoitt such nn engine, whose to-
tal riinniiiK expense is less than I'/i
cents an hour, which is always ready to
work, and never complains of being
tired. He says irt Gleanings:

"Now the question is, in your mind,
'Can I afford to buy this outfit?' Well,
I will tell you what it is doing for us,
then you can answer that question your-
self. One year ago, with about the
same number of colonies, we employed
two men during the season, and a third
man part of the time. Now we can do
the work much better and easier with
one man. You can figure out the
amount here saved.. During the extract-
ing season we usually extract our combs
6 times, and we now find that such sets
of combs, when taken from the extrac-
tor, arc about 2 lbs. lighter than they
have ever been before. Here we gain
at least 10 lbs. per colony during the
season. I leave this also for you to
figure out — the many dollars' worth of
honey saved on nearly 700 colonies."

Deutscher Imicerbund.

Under this title has been formed a
grand union of practically all the differ-
ent org'anizations of German-speaking
bee-keepers — at least it is the expecta-
tion that those societies which have not
yet done so will give in their adher-
ence— and German bee-papers are en-
thusiastic over the matter. Well they
may be, for the organization at its start
numbers 100,000 members, with the
prospect of increase to i.so,ooo or more.

And our National Association has
only 2,500 members !

Prices of Honey.

Something out of whack about quo-
tations in "Honey Markets." A differ-
ence of 6 or 8 cents a pound between
places so near together, and a higher
quotation in Frisco than New York
don't look right. Fact is, the dictum
of those men who make quotations has
almost everything to do with settling
the price, and those l6-cent men are not
doing the square thing by us producers.
With the advance in prices in general,
and a shortage in the supply, anything
like 16 cents for comb honey is out of
all reason. Talk about honey being a
luxury, and anything more than 16 cents
being prohibitive 1 The fact is, honey is
an economical article of food, and with
our pure-food laws there's no reason
why it may not take its proper place as
a staple article — ■ at 25 cents much
cheaper than butter, even if you call it a
luxury. Years ago 25 or 30 cents was
not a prohibitive price, and it wouldn't
be now. Luxuries are cut out when
pinching hard times come, but times are
• not pinching. Never, perhaps, was there
a time when people in general were
more able to indulge in luxuries than
now — never more willing, and they're
willing to pay the price. The whole
thing is. that a few men set the pace and
we producers stand it. Gentlemen who
do the quoting, pl-ease give us a square
deal. — [That's right. Doctor. These men
mean to give us a square deal ; but they

do not appreciate the fact that the crop
is very short; that fruit is scarce; that
adulterated honey can not pull down the
price of good honey as formerly. There
has been a marked advance in all food
products except honey. While it has
advanced in some markets to a fair price
it has made only a slight gain in others.
This is not as it should be. — Ed.] — Stray
Straw in Gleanings.

Natural or Artificial Supersedum —
Which ?

R. L. Taylor discusses this question in
the Bee-Keepers' Review, and thinks
the answer depends upon which pays
best financially. In artificial supersedure
the first item of expense is, say for lOO
colonies, not less than $50 for queens.
He does not fancy the job of looking
through the 100 populous colonies to
find their old queens. Mr. Taylor con-
tinues thus ;

"Then, there are 100 queens to be in-
troduced ; and after all is done, what has
been gained? Colonies with queens that
possibly, (but by no means certainly),
may average a little better, and that is
all. Sorrie of these queens, as with any
introduced queens, will disappear after
beginning to lay ; occasionally one will
not be accepted at all. It is quite prob-
able that 2 or 3 of the colonies, unless
looked after closely, may go into winter
quarters queenless; and if the bees have
wintered badly the queens will keep
perishing in the spring just as the .re-
jected ones would have done in the same
circumstances. Queens in colonies that
have wintered well, even though such
colonies have not been requeened, do
not disappear by the half-dozen in the
spring. In an apiary of from 150 to 200
colonies I seldom find more than 2 or
3 queenless colonies — in fact, as many
colonyless queens as queenless colonies.

"I will not deny that one may keep
his apiary a little more uniform 'in
strength by the requeening of an oc-
casional colony, but I cannot escape the
conviction that his care and time might
be more profitably employed in a finan-
cial point of view. If the gratification
of a sentiment is of more value in his
estimation — of more value than a thicker
wallet — well and good.

"Who dare affirm that, not better but
as good queens can be supplied colonies
by any interference of the hand of man
as by natural supersedure, where all is
accomplished without any excitement or
disturbance? The bees, it must be ad-
mitted, attend to this very well, as was
to be expected, for it is nature. There
will be a few failures, no doubt, but if
my own experience is a safe guide, $
percent would easily cover the whole of
them. How easy, then, becomes the so-
lution of the whole matter; simply keep,
with almost no trouble or expense, S
percent more colonies.

Bee-Keeping on the Danube — Honey
IN Vienna.

The following is a translation of an
article in Bicnenvater, made by Fr.
Greiner of New York, for Gleanings in
Bee-Culture. It is entitled, "Bee-keep-
ing on the Shores of the Danube ; Price
and Market of Honey in Vienna" :

I commenced bcc-kccping in 1890 with three
box hives. Mow I increased my apiary during
the following 14 years, partly by purchase,
p.lrtly by n.itural swarming, need not be told.
During the first three years there was no
honey to sulh but during the next three years
the crops ran between 140 and 200 pounds
from the yard. This amount was easily dis-
posed of in my little village at 40 cents per
pound. It appeared that 200 pounds was
about the maximum I could find sale for in the
place. The bees, however, kept increasing, so
did the honey crops, and soon I had a surplus
of 200 pounds, yes, even 300, above what I
could sell to my neighbors, and the question
arose: "What can I do with it?" I put out a
sign, "Honey for Sale." I advertised in the
papers, putting my advertisement on wrapping-
papers of the groceries; I left some honey at
the stores, canvassed bakeries, druK-stores, etc.,
and always carried samples of honey in glass
vials with me, but I failed to make sale for
such a quantity of honey. I succeeded, how-
ever, in increasing the sale in my home mar-
ket by 120 pounds, and this was the limit.
VViiat now? Must 1 sell cheaper or reduce the
nutiiber of colonies?

It happenetl just at this time that an old
schoolmate of my wife, then living in Vienna,
called on us. After taking in the situation
she suggested, "Bring your honey to Vienna,
I warrant you a sale of five pounds in the
house where I live." This was considered,
and after a few days my wife went to Vienna
and took five pounds of honey with her, which
she had no trouble in selling at our old estab-
lished price. After one week she made a sec-
ond trip and took 10 pounds w-ith her which
she sold; and after four weeks more a third
trip was made, and another ten pounds was
disposed of. One family recommended our
honey to another, till finally we about monopo-
lized the honey market in this street, having
honey customers in as many as twenty differ-
ent houses. Today, after five years of persis-
tent efforts, my wife has sold, from June 16
to Dec. 10, as much as 1,072 pounds of ex-
tracted honey, all at 40 cents. It seemed pret-
ty hard for the first two years to peddle honey.
It went somewhat against our grain. Still,
wife was always courteously received every-
where, even invited to take meals, etc. She
enlightened people, and overcame the mistrust
and the notions held by the general run of
people. To think that she succeeded selling
nearly 1100 pounds of honey in one year! —
what honey-producer could make a better show-
ing?

Vienna has a population of 1,300,000. There
are 3000 streets and 3300 houses. A great deal
of honey could be disposed of here in this
city if the bee-keepers would go to work sys-
tematically. But one must not be ashamed
of hard and honest work.

Comments by the Tk.\nslator.

It is an undisputed fact that there is not
honey enough produced, either in Germany or
Austria, to supply the demand; and still the
great problem is not how to produce but how
to sell. European conditions are such that
"honest work" is just enough humiliating and
degrading so that hundreds of bee-keepers
shi-ink from peddling the product of their bees.
It is next to an impossibility for the city con-
sumer to meet the producer face to face. The
more refined, the laetter posted and educated
the latter is, the greater the barrier that sepa-
rates him from the first. He would be ashamed
to look other people in the face if it were
known he "peddled." The American may do
any kind of work and preserve his dignity.

A late article of F. Dickel, in Die Biene,
"Proposition how to make Bee-keeping more
Popular and Better Paying," concentrates its
force upon the sale of honey in particular.
There seems difficulty in reaching consumers.
On the other hand, consumers have difficulty
in finding the producers of honey. They would
like to purchase a pure article, but have no
way of finding out where to get it. Dickel
has the idea of establishing a honey-exchange,
and advertising the same in the city papers,
also appointing agents in the different cities
to make the sales, for which service the agent
is to receive nothing. A price is to be agreed
upon. The publishing of articles on bees, of
general interest, he also recommends.

From all the above it will he seen that bee-
keepers in other lands are wrestling with the
same problem we are in America, and are con-
sidering the same means to solve it.

A Score of Commonly Asked Ques-
tions.
I. Should supers be left on the hives
during the winter?

November, 1907.

American .Bgc Journal j

No, not unless you wish to remove
the inside fixtures and substitute pack-
ing material.

2. Will it hurt the bees to open the
hives in cold weather?

Yes. Ordinarily hives should not be
opened after the cold weather sets in,
as it breaks the propolis sealing and
permits cold wind to blow through the
cracks. If it is absolutely necessary,
wait until a warm day.

3. Which are better — sealed covers or
absorbent cushions laid on the tops of
the frames?

Sealed covers. There was a time
when it was considered best to place
cushions directly over the frames; but
since they often get wet from water of
condensation, and freeze, flat covers
sealed down by the bees are now rec-
ommended.

4. Should queen-excluders be left on
through the winter?

No.

5. How can I tell whether there is
enough honey in the hives?

By looking over the combs before
cold weather comes. There should be
an average of three or four pounds of
sealed stores in each comb.

6. How much honey does it take to
winter a colony?

From 20 to 30 pounds, depending upon
the size of the colony. Bees in a cel-
lar usually need less than those out of
doors.

7. How can I winter a weak colony?

In a good bee-cellar. But it is gen-
erally best to unite the weak ones be-
fore winter.

8. Does it pay to give cellared bees a
mid-winter flight?

Yes, if necessary. But the best way
is to manage so that they will not need
such a flight. As long as bees are quiet,
don't disturb them.

9. My cellar has a damp floor; will
it do for wintering bees?

Yes, if the damp floor is the only ob-
jection. If the atmosphere is dry, the
air good, and the temperature kept
about 4S degrees, there should be no
trouble.

10. Is cork dust good for winter pack-
ing?

Yes, if you can get it cheaply. Usually
it is pretty expensive.

11. Shouldn't double-walled hives
have packing material under the bot-
tom-boards ?

Not unless they are raised from the
ground, and in many cases it would not
even be necessary then.

12. Why did four of my five colonies
die that I wintered out-of-doors?

We don't know, as you haven't given
us all of the particulars. Any of the
following reasons might explain the
trouble: Colony too weak in the fall;
bees too old ; packing insufiicient ; lo-
cation too much exposed ; entrance too
large or small; queen dead; poor qual-
ity or too small quantity of stores; wet
packing.

13. How large an entrance should I
have for my colonies in eight-frame
hives wintered out-of-doors?

It depends upon the strength of the
colony; but 3^x4 inches is probably not
too small. Smaller entrances are now
considered better than the larger ones
advised several years ago.

14. One of my queens died in Jan-
uary. What can be done?

Introduce another queen if you are
so fortunate as to have one. If not,
unite the queenless colony with some
other weak colony.

15. The packing over my bees is wet.
What shall I do?

You should have put on a super cover
so that the bees could seal it down.
A dry cushion can be placed over th's
if necessary.

16. How can I keep my bees from fly-
ing out when the sun shines, and dy-
ing on the snow?

Place a board in such a position that
the sun can not shine in at the en-
trance, thus luring the bees out when it
is too cold for them to fly.

17. Can I winter my bees in a build-
ing above the ground?

Yes, if the temperature cai; be kept
uniform at 45 degrees. Otherwise you
had better not experiment.

18. How can I feed my bees in the
cellar?

Place an empty super on the hive,
and partly fill it with moistened loaf su-
gar.

19. How may I know whether my
colonies out-of-doors are short of
stores?

If necessary, open the hives and make
an examination on the first warm day.
But it would have been much better if
you had made sure that there were
plenty of stores in the fall.

20. Why is sugar syrup preferable for
winter food to honey?

Because it is cheaper, less stimulat-
ing, and always the same. Some kinds
of honey are not at all suitable for
winter food. — Gleanings in Bee Culture.

The Bravery of Bee-Keeping

BY T. MAGUIRE.

I never fully realized the possibilities
of bee-keeping under the bar-frame sys-
tem until I saw an "expert" at a local
show handling a soap-box full of bees
for the edification of the public. He
was just an ordinary "expert," nothing
exceptional about him to all appearances,
but the way he handled those bees was
a caution. He wore neither gloves nor
veil, but nevertheless he treated these
bees with a familiarity absolutely un-
canny. He took the combs out of the
box, with myriads of bees clinging to
them, and showed them round to the
admiring crowd. He playfully stirred
the bees up with a pencil, pulled their
ears, and tickled their tails, and they
seemed to enjoy it. He gathered them
in fist-fulls off Tiis nose and eyebrows,
and went round and caught stray ones,
and brought them back to the fold, with-
out the slightest objection on their part,
and he talked volubly all the time of
subduing and swarming, dividiing and
doubling, of queens and drones, ana

workers, and many other things, in so
off-hand a way that his audience were
thoroughly convinced of the absurd sim-
plicity of it all. I was delighted beyond
measure to find it so easy, and I en-
tlhusiastically hastened home with some
carbolic and musKn to emulate the per-
formance of the plausible old scoundrel,
putting on veil and gloves, however,
just as a matter of form.

I invited two ladies to see me tame
the ferocious insects, and I got them
to adjust the veil, as being "experts"
in that form of garment. I have since
had occasion to distrust experts of every
kind whatsoever.

At first everything went off beauti-
fully. The smoke and the carbolic
had a most soothing effect on the in-
sects, and I was able to examine them
at much closer quarters than I had ever
done before. I was delighted, and be-
gan to feel quite proud. It did feel a
bft queer to find so many stings wag-
ging about in such dangerous proximity
to my face — it was about as exhilarating
as being in a somewhat flimsy cage in
the middle of a forest of tigers — but I
pretended to enjoy it, and explained to
the two ladies that it was nothing when
you got used to it. They were lost in
admiration of my bravery and skillful-
ness, and gaining courage I began to
bustle the bees round a bit, as I saw
the old chap doing at the show. But
they were evidently a different race
of bees from his, or perhaps they
found such treatment a little strange
at first. At all events, they re-
fused to be bustled. The peaceful buzz
quickly changed into a vicious snarl,
and it soon became evident the
nasty little beggars had got up their
backs and were looking for scalps. They
bashed up against the veil with an an-
gry whizz, and they fizzed round the
fingers of my gloves in a way that made
me thank Providence for having the
kindly protection. I was rather alarmed,
to tell the truth ; but I felt fairly secure.
Alas! however, I had not counted
on the way that veil had been fixed.
Bees have evidently a very efficient intel-
ligence department. There was a weak
place in the fastening of the veil, and
they found it out. I thought I could
almost distinguish a chuckle from the
first bee, as, to my intense horror, I
felt him crawl up my neck inside the
veil ! Soon another followed, then sev-
eral more, and in a short time they
seemed to be dozens, hundreds, thou-
sands, millions of bees crawling all over
my face and neck. They explored the
roots of my hair, they sounded the
depths of my ears, they crawled over
my face and eyelids and moustache in
endless numbers, The situation was ap-
palling. If one dropped into a nest of
rattle snakes or a bears' den he could at
least fight for his life, but what was an
unfortunate wretch to do with a big pair
of gloves firmly and relentlessly tied on
his wrists, and with a veil secured in the
most diabolical fashion with dozens of
pins, and swarming with excited bees
on the lookout for soft spots round his
face, and all getting ready to sting at
a given signal? When the two ladies
became apprised of the situation they
hastily decamped. Whilst I was trying
to consider what on earth I should do

November, 1907.

American Hee Journal

one enterprising bee, with ;i very super-
ior kind of sting, vcntureii to inspect
the inside of niy nose. I rennMiibercd a
song I once heard commencing:

"Go 'way, good massa bee,

I ain't no rose,
Dat ain't no honeyed fow'r,

Only my nose!"

I sniffed one desperate sniflf to drive
the intruder out, and then I discovered
how well slic was provided in the sting-
dcpartnient. I got it, and no mistake.
I con.s'idered no longer. I caught the
hat and veil, gave it one desperate tug,
slashed it ofT, and sprinted, making a
"bee-line" for tlic far end of the gar-
den. The remaining bees must have been
too much astonished to attend to their
work properly, for I escaped fairly well
considering; but what a face I had for
several days after!

For some time afterwards my thoughts
were principally occupied with two sub-
jects— how to get the better of those
bees, and how to accomplish a sufficient-
ly blood-thirsty revenge on that "e.\-
pert." I had almost decided on a div-
ing suit for the former purpose, and a
large pair of hobnailed boots and a
knobby blackthorn for the latter when
chance threw in my way a more con-
venient and enjoyable opportunity of
killing both birds with one stone.
******

Shortly after my adventure with the
bees. I heard that the very "expert"
gentleman who was the cause of it was
in the locality and was looking up bee-
keepers to enlighten them on the mod-
ern methods of working. Here was my
opportunity. I immediately sent him a
cordial invitation to come and clear up
some difficult points for me. and I
laughed with joy on getting his post-
card making an appointment.

Now, although I made so signal a
failure in my attempt to subdue my
bees, I can claim to complete success
in being able to stir them up thoroughly.
An old countryman once told me how to
do it. For obvious reasons I cannot
give the recipe away, but it certainly is
an infallible plan, and will convert the
most amiable hive of bees into a tor-
nado of raging, tearing demons, on very
short notice. Of course, I had my swarm
carefully roused up for the old chap
when he came.

He is a solemn and portly gentle-
man, with a paunch and a double chin ;
an air of ponderous wisdom tempered
by a smile of superior knowledge. My
heart almost melted with pity for him
when he came into the garden; but
something in the swagger and his smile
recalled the performance at the show,
and I hardened up again.

He strutted over to the hive with a
self-satisfied air.

"Hadn't j'ou better put on a veil?" I
asked.

"Oh, not at all," he replied. "It's not
necessary. Bees know a friend w-hen
he comes to visit them. Just a little
wipe of the carbolic, if you please?"

He took the lid off the hive with a
sort of professional flourish, and placed
the carbolic cloth in position with an-
other. I awaited events, at a respecta-
ble distance.

"Seem a bit nois}'. don't they?" he re-

marked. I assented, as solemnly as 1
could.

"Now, then, let's see what they're
like," he said, as he removed the cloth.
There was a moment's hush, and then
a vigorous buzz. He replaced the cloth,
and then after a minute or so took it
off once more. He did the same thing
again, several times, at intervals, but
the noise still continued, and the bees
were beginning to come out underneath,
and were careering around with an un-
mistakable note of war in their music.
Presently one settled on his hand, and
stung him. He merely drawled out,
"A'h !" and watched the insect in an
interested sort of way, whilst it
squirmed out the sting and flew off,
when he smiled over reassuringly at
me. But he began to look puzzled as
more and more bees came out, and the
war-note increased in itensity and ve-
hemence. He must have got several
more stings by this time, but his pro-
fessional dignity being at stake, he made
no complaint as yet.

"I'm afraid this is not their day at
home," I remarked. "Better clear out.
I think, as they seem in a fighting
mood."

"They are certainly in a nasty hu-
mor," he replied. Just then one stung
him on the nose, and he began to move
off. The bees followed. He moved
faster, so did the bees. Then he broke
into a run, made a quick dash to one
side, and doubled in his tracks like a
hare. The bees seemed to enjoy it.
They "zipped" down on his bald head
and buzzed around his ears. They went
up his sleeves and into his pockets.
They were to right of him, to left of
him, in front, and behind, like the can-
non around the heroes of Balaclava. He
danced through a gooseberry bush and
barked his shins over a wheelbarrow,
dropping his spectacles in the process.
He frolicked through a cabbage bed, and
crashed into a cucumber frame Hke a
wild elephant. He fought with his hat,
as long as a vestige of it remained.
He cursed and swore, and laid about
him, the bees paying careful attention
to business all the time.

I lay down on the grass and choked,
till the tears ran from my eyes. I felt
sorry for him, but if the whole em-
pire were at stake, I couldn't stir a
finger to help. I wasn't able to see ex-
actly how he finished up, but after a
time a very angry and crestfallen and
dilapidated old gentleman hobbled up
the garden, trying to rub his head, and
his face, and his shins, all at the same
time. There was no use in trying to
comfort him. I decided to let him swear
for another while till he cooled a little.
After he had eased himself of some
picturesque words, he demanded, "Where
the blankety — blank so-and-so did you
get those bees from?"

"Swarmed them -myself last April,"
I replied, as calmly as ray emotion would
allow.

"By • I'll sw-ear it was the devil

himself swarmed them," he roared.
"They're the wickedest pack of demons
I ever came across." Then he put in a
good many ornamental expressions
which cannot be set down here, and
he earnestly requested me, in flowing
language, to blow them to the utter-

most Ixjunds of perdition with the dead-
liest explosive I could procure.

I now felt that he and I were more
than quits, so I brought him into the
house, gave him a drop of something,
and said all the soothing things I could
think of. Me calmed down after awhile,
when I brushed down his clothes, fished
up his ruined spectacles, lent him a hat
several times too small for him, and
he went o/T. I could hear the dull rum-
ble of his voice as he went down the
road, "Perfect demons; damnable, dam-
nable."— Irish Packet.

Normalities and Abnormali-
ties of Queen-Introduction

Under normal conditions only one
queen will be tolerated_ in a colony at
a time. Should there 'by accident be
two, when they meet there is likely to
be a battle royal, when one of them will
be killed ; so it happens that queens are,
as a rule, jealous rivals; but there are
exceptions. There are conditions, as
when an old queen is about to be super-
seded, when the young daughter may
be tolerated in the hive along with the
mother, and both laying side by side;
but in the course of a few days or a
few weeks the mother will be missing.
Whether she dies of old age or the
daughter kills her we do not know.
There are other conditions where two
and sometimes a dozen queens will be
permitted to stay in the hive; but those
conditions seem to be abnormal.

Again, it may be stated that a nor-
mal colony of bees will not take a
strange queen, even though they have
no mother of their own, much less will
they accept an interloper when there is
already a queen in the hive. We may,
therefore, lay it down as a rule that has
exceptions, like all other good rules,
that we can not introduce any queen,
young or old, to a colony that already
has one ; and even when the bees have
been suddenly deprived of a queen they
will not. under ordinary conditions, ac-
cept another, no matter how much they
may need one, until she has been "intro-
duced." It follows, then, in the process
of requeening we are compelled to put a
new queen in a wirecloth cage and con-
fine her there, where the other bees can
not attack her, until she has acquired the
same colony odor or individual scent as
the bees themselves. This usually takes
two or three days, at the end of which
time the queen may be released and they
will treat her as their own royal mother
We do not know how bees recogniz*
each other, or how they can tell a
strange queen from their own, except
by scent factor. It is a fact well rec-
ognized that a dog can pick out his mas-
ter from hundreds of others through the
agency of scent ; nay, further, he can
track him if he loses sight of him by
catching the scent of where he has
walked, in spite of the fact that hun-
dreds of others have gone over the same
ground. This scent that is so acute in a
dog is undoubtedly highly developed in
the bee, otherwise we should be at a
loss to account for the phenomena in the
domestic economy of the hive. Hence
we naturally conclude that, by the sense

730

American ^ae Journal

November, 1907.

)>^^^^ I

of smell, the bees recognize their own
mother from a new or strange one.

Again, we learn that, if two queens
have exactly the same colony odor af-
ter being caged for two or three days
in a queenless hive, either one may be
liberated and tbe bees will accept one
just as readily as the other. If both be
liberated at the same time, one in one
corner of the hive and the other in
the opposite corner, both will be tolerat-
ed by the bees ; but once the queens
come together themselves there is dan-
ger of a royal battle resulting in the
death of one. From this fact we infer
that the bees, providing a queen or
queens have the requisite colony odor,
would accept at any time one or more
such queens under many conditions;
that, further, when two queens have the
same colony odor, if they can be kept
apart by means of perforated zinc both
queens can continue to lay eggs in the
same hive without let or hindrance.
This condition- will be allowed so long
as the colony prospers and there is not
a dearth of honey. When there is a
disposition on- the part of the bees to
rob they may destroy one of the queens.

Bees that have been shaken into a
box or pan, and then shaken or bumped
again and again until thej' are demor-
alized or frightened, are much more
tractable than those not so disturbed.
Bees if made queenless just prior to the
shaking, if confined w-ithout combs or
brood in a cool place for a few hours,
will usually accept a queen at once. The
factor of colony odor then apparently
does not operate, for the bees are put
out of their normal condition.

Another fact worthy of consideration
at this time is that young bees just
hatched will at any time accept any
queen. Therefore, it comes about that,
w-hen one desires to introduce a valua-
ble breeder on which he desires to take
no chances whatsoever, he causes her
to be released on a frame of very
young or hatching bees ; but considera-
tion will be given to this later.

Another fact worthy of note is that
virgin queens, if just hatched, will us-
ually be accepted by a colony, if not
too long queenless, without the process
of introduction or of caging; but
when one of these queens comes to be
four or five days old she is very much
more difficult to introduce than a nor-
mal laying queen. Why this should
be so, we do not know.

Having stated, therefore, the basic
principle governing the relation of the
queen to the bees we can now more
intelligently proceed to the methods of
introduction, most of which are based
on the theory that the queen to be in-
troduced must first have acquired the
colony odor of her new subjects.

There are some methods of direct
introduction by which the queen can be
released without the process of caging;
but in the case of queens of any value
they should not be employed, and are,
therefore, not given in a work of this
kind designed primarily for the novice
in bees. — New edition "A B C of Bee
Culture."

^aHHiiiiiiiii

mmm

peporfs and

A^i^^-'-" .^.■^■^^'"- ' -'-^ -^i-^y^x-v'. -:-:■■:■ -'-y;>'>^ ■.-■■■■. '^.'^

Good Honey Season.

The honey season around here has been
very good. I had 1 5 colonies the past sea-
son, and succeeded' in getting 1 536 pounds
of honey from them. I had no swarming.
H. F. Kettlitz.

Monticello, Iowa, Oct. 22.

More Honey Than for Years.

We have had a wonderful year in Colo-
rado— more honey than for years. I took from
22 colonies .65 cases of saleable honey, be-
sides several unsealed. I have 2 colonies that
stored 14 cases, 24 sections to the case. Honey
is going out of Montrose by the carload, and
yet the best prices we have had for years —
$2.75 for first grade and $2.50 for second.
I fed my bees until June 10, and had about
given up hope of a crop, but when the flow
did come, it came with a rush. Bees could
be bought very cheap last spring, but I expect
they will be out of sight this fall. There
are 5,000 colonies by the assessors' returns in
this mountain valley only about 20 miles long,
and from one to 6 miles wide.

Montrose, Colo., Oct. 12. E. C. Wright.

A Good Crop.

From 64 colonies of bees I took 12,680
pounds of honey. Edwin Bevins said if any
one got a good crop of honey he would like to
know it. T. L. Shawler.

Silver City, Iowa, Oct. 13.

Handles Bees Like Flies.

I have been for more than 50 years among
bees; have huiited them in the woods and in
the mountains of different States. I have no
fear of their stings, and can handle them
almost as if they were flies. I have 27 colo-
nies. J. R. Heckman.

Johnstown, Pa., Oct. 1 1.

Apiary of Thos. F. Rigg.

Editor York: — Find enclosed a section of
my apiary. It is not a commercial enterprise,
in that it is run for profit wholly. It is one
of my home pleasures which fits in nicely with
my fruit and poultry hobbies. Still, I like to
have my hobbies pay, and in this I have been

Poor Season for Honey.

Last spring was too late for a good honey
season in Northeast Nebraska. I had only 22
colonies of bees the past summer, and I run
them for comb honey exclusively.

The farmers of Northeast Nebraska had the
poorest crop of oats we have had in 27 years,
owing to too much rain and hot weather;
but we are sure of a big corn crop, for it is
matured now, and no frost yet to speak of.

I think the American Bee Journal is better
than ever, but it doesn't come often enough
for me. I could have stood it tzcice a week.
But I trust that the publishers know best.

Carroll, Nebr., Oct. 6. W. H. Root.

Goldenrod as a Honey-Plant, Etc.

Dr. Miller and others report goldenrod of
no value. I kept bees for many years in
Northern Michigan where goldenrod abounded.
We had at least 4 varieties of the plant there,
2 of which grew in large quantities. One va-
riety grew from 3 to 4 feet high. It was
most common on moist land. It bloomed pro-
fusely. Bees paid but little attention to it.

Apiary of Thos. F. Rigg, of Iowa Falls, Iowa.

very successful with the bees. As you know,
this has been a very unfortunate year for bee-
keepers in this section. Within a few miles
of me are several apiaries, and not one of them
this season produced a surplus worth speak-
ing of. I was more fortunate. Mine averaged
74 pounds, comb honey, 4x5 sections, per col-
ony.

I know but little about the proper manage-
ment of an apiary. In fact, what I do not
know about covers the field. But I am learn-
in j;. I must give credit, therefore, for my
success, to the Danzenbaker hive. This was
a very backward spring. The bees of my
neighbors, in the dpvetailed hives, built up
very slowly, while mine came on rapidly and
were monster colonies when the harvest
opened. The first swarm was cast May 17.
This gave me 96 sections, while the parent
colony produced 64 sections.

For 5 years I have wintered my bees on
the summer stands, and have never lost a
colony so wintered.

Our honey supply is white clover and bass-
wood, with an increasing amount of sweet
clover. Thomas F. Ricc.

Iowa Falls, Iowa, Oct. 4.

The honey-yielding kind grew from 18 to 28
inches high. It spread over thousands of
acres of sandy plains, and also over land
where pine had been cut off. and yielded a
large amount of amber-colored honey of fair
quality. One fall a bee-keeper brought some
200 colonies to my place expressly for the
goldenrod, and felt himself well paid for his
time and labor. Prof. Cook, then in the
Michigan Agricultural College, told me that the
large kind was Solidago Canadcusis. I suppose
it is the kind you have. We have it here,
but I have never seen a bee on it. I have
forgotten the name he gave to the honey-
yielding variety. I learn from the bee-papers
that the region where I lived is filling up
with men running large apiaries.

The honey-flow in the best localities and in
a good season (and nearly all seasons are good)
beginning with small willows on the sandy
plains, is followed by huckleberry bloom, red
raspberry (which often lasts from 4 to 6
weeks), and goldenrod, asters, etc.

I am an old man. S5 years of age, and liv-
ing with my children. And now that my 20
colonies of bees are laid by f^r the season.

i

November, iyo7.

U^^^^X' ^?^) American IBec Journal

I have little tu busy myself about, so I wrilc
this. U. C. Li'ACii.

Springfield, Mo., Oct. 5.

[The above letter is of especial inter-
est as coming from a man who has not
only reached liis "three score and ten/'
but has gone 10 beyond it with another
5 for good measure. The liand-writing
certainly indicates a younger man. One
can not help wondering whether the
care of those 20 colonies is not helping
to keep him young. — KmioK.]

Extraordinary Honey-Year.

In Nthraska. especially in the vicinity of
Lincoln, we have had an extraordinary year
for homy. From many colonies in my small
apiary I have taken 3 full cases well filled
with beautiful white comb honey, making 72
pounds to the colony. It so far exceeds any-
thing that we have had in the last 10 years,
that we feel a little jubilant over the result.
This, no iloubt, results from requeening my
apiary with new Italian (lucens. You will
doubtless remember a year ago I wrote you
that I Iiad lost nearly all my bees with foul
brood. ICarly last spring I took proper stej'S
to eradicate the disease, and was successful.
I was satisfied that to introduce new blood
was the next step to take, and purchased
queens of pure Italian blood from one of our
local dealers who is an importer of the same.
As an instance of what new blood in an apiary
will do, I increased from 2 nuclei to 6 full
colonies, each of wliich produced a super of
honey — 24 sections. This I call pretty good.
Locality no doubt plays a very important part
in production of honey.

I am now situated something like 2 miles
from CoUege \'iew, on Judge Kngland's farm.
As the Judge is an old friend of mine, it is
by invitation that I am thus situated in the
beautiful grove of catalpa trees east of his resi-
dence.

The change made in the American Bee
Journal from a weekly to a monthly is a very
important one, and, for my part, I am greatly
pleased with it. You have added greatly to
the reading matter of the American Bee Jour-
nal. I am pleased with it as a monthly.

Lincoln, Neb., Oct. 3. Philip Mohi.er,

Eastern Trip Among Bee-Men.

In a recent trip to Vermont and New York
I found conditions very much the same as in
Iowa in regard to the honey crop. At Al-
burgh, \'t., I spent a pleasant hour with
Mr. A. W. Darby, who is an extensive bee-
keeper. In Albany Co., N. Y. (the buck-
wheat country) I was entertained by Mr. C. J.
Bolster, who supplies the local trade with hon-
ey. I was surprised to learn that the greater
part of his trade called for buckwlieat honey,
of which there would be but very little on
account of lack of moisture. Very few bees
are kept in Albany county. The New York
black brood has done its work very thoroughly.
There is very little honey in this county,
but bees will go into winter in good condi-
tion. C. H. Miller.

Jasper Co., Iowa, Sept. 27.

A Third of a Crop — Wintering Ex-
periences.

The honey crop in this section was about
one-third of an average crop. Bees gathered
no honey until after June 10, as the weather
had been too cold before that time for bees
to fly. I wintered my 50 colonies without
the loss of one. I wintered a part of them
in the cellar and a part on the summer stands.
I have not lost a colony out of 50 which
I have wintered during the last 3 years.
Those that are populous with young bees and
plenty of stores I winter on the summer
stands, while my lightest colonies, or those
which are not so populous with young bees,
I winter in the cellar, giving them a midwin-
ter flight if the weather permits. I also win-
ter 6 nucleus colonies every winter in the cel-
lar without loss, so as to have queens for
queenless colonies in the spring. Each nu-
cleus contains 3 Langstroth frames, and a
hive made to hold 3 nuclei, with a tight di-
vision-board, and a separate entrance for each.
There is an advantage in this method of win-
tering nvicleus colonics, as the nuclei all help
each other in keeping up the temperature dur-
ing the winter.

Bees certainly acted in a freakish manner
last spring. Some very populous colonies

swarnud without having gathered any hoiu-y,
and during times when the temperature w.is
not higlur than 65 degrees, when the sun
would tu)t be sinning more than 10 minutes
out of an bcuir, and in every case these swarms
had virgin rineens. It is my theory that these
colonies that swarmed had destroyed their lay-
ing (|ueens some time before, as they were
crowded with bees, ami in some cases entirely
ont of stores; and as the weather was so
cold and wet that the bees could seldom
Hy from their hives, I actually believe that the
bees destroyed their ([ueens to keep thein from
laying, and then swarmed when their young
(luecns had hatched. I woubl like to have the
views of tliose better informed as to these
instances. James Wolfe.

Captina, W. Va., Oct. 14.

Subseription Price Now 50e a Year

On July 1, 1907, when we decided to
change the American Bee Journal from
a 16-pa^e weekly tu a 32-page monthly
publication, we reduced the price from
$1.00 a year to 25 cents. We have since
discovered that the 25-cent rate was en-
tirely too low, in view of the kind of a
bee-paper we are making every month.
We do not wish to lower the standard
now, and as labor, materials of all kinds
including white paper, etc., have ad-
vanced in cost, we feel that the best
thing we can do — in fact, the only thing
to do — is to put the subscription price
at 50 cents a year ; in Chicago. 75 cents ;
in Canada, 60 cents; and in all other
countries in the Postal Union, 25 cents a
year extra for postage, or 75 cents.
These new rates began with Septem-
ber, 1907.

We are sure that our hosts of readers
and friends will feel we are doing the
right thing in this, as they certainly
would not want us to continue at too
Iowa subscription price. At 50 cents a
year, this 32-page copy would cost the
subscriber only about 4 cents — two 2-
cent stamps — surely cheap enough,
when its valuable contents are consid-
ered. Why, "Dr. Miller's Question-
Box'' alone is worth many times the
subscription price, to say nothing of all
the other valuable departments.

It is our intention to keep the old
American Bee Journal at the head of
the procession, where it has been for so
many years. And to do this we will
need the hearty co-operation of all our
readers. There are yet thousands of
bee-keepers who have never heard of
the American Bee Journal. Many of
them are your neighbors; can you not
show them what they are losing by not
having it every month ?

On another page we offer many useful
things as premiums for getting new sub-
scriptions. W^e will be pleased to mail
sample copies to any names and ad-
dresses of bee-keepers that may be sent
to this office. If every present sub-
scriber would send in just one new sub-
scription during this month, by Nov.
1st our list would be doubled. Why not
do at least that much to help along a
good cause — your own cause ? We are
ready to do our part — will you. dear
reader, not join with us in putting the
monthly circulation of the old American
Bee Journal up to where it ought to be ?

Apiarian Pictures

We would be glad to have those who
can do so. send us pictures of bee-
yards, or of anything else that would be
of interest along the line of bee-keep-
ing.

73^

Bottles,
Jars

o f nvrrjr
fleiicrlp-
tlon •■■•

HONEY-
DEALERS

C. C. STUTTS GLASS CO., Manufacturers,

80 Wnrren St., NEW YORK, N. Y.

30-5 Write for lllUBtratliins.

iflentlon Ree Journal irlien irrltlne*

ftngel'sGolden Beauties

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Save but few equals and no superiorB. A fine,
Urge Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for $2.50. Have bad 12 jcare* ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAnUEL n. ANGEL

20A13t R.R. No. 1, Evansville, ISD.

Mention Bee Journal irhen irrltlng.

HONEY FOR SALE

3 tons. White Comb, $3.50 per case; Amber
and Buckwheat, $3. 24 Ideal sections in ^lass-
front case: most of latter is capped white as
clover. Less than 4 cases 25c per case e.xtra.
Amber e.xtracted, two 60-pound cans to case,
8 cents. Folding Cartons for i'i sections. $4
per 1000. Bees and Queens for sale in season.
QUIRIN.The-Queen-Breeder,

BelleTue, Ohio 30-3

mention Bee Journal irhen Trritlng.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this conntry
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which niUbe filed and filled in ro-
tation. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or li for $6 So- Tested, $1.U0,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei with Young Queen
afer June 1, $2.00 QEO. W. BARNES.

lSA26t Box 349. Norwalk, Ohio.

Mention Bee Journal wlien nrlttng:.

IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK

That covers the whole Apicultural Field
more completely than any other pub-
lished, send $1.'J0 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

— FOR HIS—

"BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE"

Liberal Discounts to the Trade.
Mention Bee Journal wben wrillne.

Western Bee-Keepers s^ow^ou

bow to save money. Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee-ware made.
TBB COLORABO HOliEY PRODUCERS' ISS'I, Dfniff. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonrsal.

10,000 Pounds

8c per lb., or Te per lb. for the lot.

of Light Am-
berHoneyfor
sale— put up
in 60-lb. cans,
8c per lb., or Te per lb. for the

F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co,, Ark.
Mention Bee Jonrnal irben ivTitlnK.

t__ c.»l«» -Alfalfa honev. If you want nice
r OP sale honev tor the table try a can of
Colorado alfalfa honey, ».5 a can of m lbs. F. O. B.
-3 A. A. LYONS, R. F. D. No. 2, Ft. Collins, Colo.
Heutlon Bee Journal irben nrltlns-

November, 1907.

American f^ee Journal

Write tor My Introductory Offer on a Fine
Sample WILLIAMS PIANO or. ORGAN

I fim soniiiriK some of the finest, sweetest-toned
Williains Pianos and Organs we make into many
communitieB aa samples of our work. It's our
special way of advertising:, as we have no agents
,or stores. If you write nt once, I will tell you liow
^you can try one of these fine sample instruments
in your own home entirely at our expense of
freight and all. Then, after you've tried it for
a month or so — after you've had your friends
try it — after you've tested its easy action— aftt'r
you've enjoyed its rich, sweet tone for which
Williams Pianos and Organs are celebrated — aftt-r
you are convinced that— all in all— it's one of the
finest- looking, sweetest-toned instruments you
ever saw or heard, tben, if you wish, you may
buy it fit oar special introductory price and take

Your Choice of 27 Plans of Easy Payment

on tlip piano or of five plans on organ. You may select the plan thiit'g easii'st fur you and "

we will tnut you, uo matter where you live. I guarantee eai"h sample piano niii ori;an to bo

as fine as those I made for the fumuiis Bong writers. Prof. K. O. Excell. I*rof. C.ll. Gabriel, and the hundreds I

of other well-known musicians y(,)U will find in the free book we are e<nn!i to send vou. This is the best chance you will

ever have to get a fine piano or org-an on your own terms. WRITE A POSTAL OR LETTER TODAY and say, ' 'Send mo free

Sample Offer, Plans of Easy Payment and B.-ik ah.iut (^t;ite wlii.h hr,,,k— piano or or-an» " AiMr.-^;!; can-fullv as fi.nows.

e.W H. It. »ILLlAJI9,Vice.PreB., Williams Urjran & Piano Co., Room tJOl 53 Washinu-l-.n SU, Ihicago

DURABLE MD
ECONOMICAL

Cheaper than Shingles or Tin— Lasts Longer
Requires No Annual Painting— Contains No Coal-Tar

"Vulcanite" Roofing is the Standard
Ready Roofing of the Old World as well
as the New. For over 60 years its superior qualities have
been recognized wherever roofing is used. We not only
endeavor to maintain and keep it up to its high standard, but
are constantly striving to improve it in every possible way.
Before you build or repair write for samples and booklet,
"The Kiibt Roofing and the Reasons Why," free.

PATENT VULCANITE ROOFING CO., Dept. 38

Franklin, Warren Co., C, or 626-59 S. Campbell Ave., Chicago, III.

" // Goods are Wanted Quick Send to Touder. "

ESTABLISHED 1889

Bee-Supplies. Root's Goods in Indiana.

Standard Hives with latest improvements. Danzenbaker
Hives. Honey-Boxes. Comb Fotmdation and everything that
is used in the bee-yard. Large illustrated catalog mailed
free. Finest White Clover Extracted Honey for sale in any
quantity desired.

WALTER S. POUDER, 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Dittmer's Comb Foundation

Is the Best. Not because we say so, but because the Bees prefer
it to other makes.

Dittmer's Process is Dittmer*s

It has built its Reputation and established its Merits, on its own
Foundation and its own Name.

We make a Specialty of Working Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash.

Write for free catalog and prices on full Line of
Supplies.

GUS DITTMER. Augusta. Wis.

I Am Now Filling Orders

BY RETURN MAIL

QUEENS OF

Moore's Strain of Italians

Produce workers that fill the supers, and are
not inclined to swarm. They have won a
world-wide reputation for honey-gathering,
hardiness, gentleness, etc.

Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson, editor of the Bee-
Keepers' Review, Flint, Mich., says: "As
workers, I have never seen them equaled.
They seem possessed o£ a steady, quiet
determination that enables them to lay up
surplus ahead of others. Easier bees to
handle I have never seen."

My queens are all bred from my best long-
tongued three-banded red-clover stock (no
other race bred in my apiaines). and the cells
are built in strong colonies well supplied with
young bees.

PRICES: Untested queens, 75c each; six,
$4; doz., $7.50. Select, untested, Sl.OO each:
six. S5.00: doz., S9.00.

Safe arrival and satisfaction guaranteed.

Descriptive circular free. Address

J. P. MOORE, Queen-Breeder, Rt. 1, Morgan, Ky.

Mention Bee Joarnul nhen 'n'riting.

SHIPPING-CASES TO BURN

Dovetail Hives. Sections. Foundation, and a
full line of supplies by the carload, and shipped
from the best shipping-point in Michigan. An all-
basswood 24-pound case, 1-piece cover. 13 cents.
Honey and beeswax wanted. Send for catalog
and discounts.

W. D. SOPER, Rt. 3, Jackson, Mich.

:WE SELL:

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives. Foundation, etc., as we cau
save you time and freight.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON, Bedford, Wayne Co., Michigan

n A n y P O ' Foot-Power

DAnllCO Machinery

Rend what J. L Parent, of Charl-
ton, N. Y., says: "We cut with one
of your Combined Machines, last
winter. 50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap,
100 honey-racks, 600 brood-frames,
2.000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
:>f other work. Thiswinter we have
double the amount of bee-hives.etc.»
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw. It will do all you say it
will " Catalog and price-list free.

Address. W. F. & JOHN BARNES.
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

WANTED TO BUY for CASH

Comb and Extracted Honey

ALSO BEESWAX

ROBT. A. HOLEKAMP & SON,
4263 Virginia Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

MAKING

rrr

^1 ■ ■ tea ben's natural -n-ork. Cut
■^ ■ vH vtioue is the raw material she

■ ■ ■■ ■ nt'iMis to make he

■ _K^ Kfl lay an <cQir: a day. A
^■Vpl VPI CROWN BONE CTJT-

^^ ~ TER will prepare

' tin- food from scrap j

bones quickly, t'lisily. Write for

catalog — tells about the Crown.

Wilson Bros., Box 618, Easton, Pa.

November, 1907.

7Zi

American ^ee Journal

^^^^^D

TENNESSEE-BRED QUEENS

All from Extra-Selected Mothers

3-band from Imported Dark Leather, iVIoore'e I.oiik ToDKue, or my own. Goldens from
Laws, Doolittle's or my own. Caucasians and Carniolans from direct Imported.

AKTKK Al'KIL l.=)TM.

Italians Before Julij 1st

After Julu 1st

Cflf^NIOLftNS

CftUGnSlrtNS

1

(t

1'2

1

O

lit

1 a

12

1

a

i«

Untested

Select Untested

Tested

Select Tested . .

J .75

1.00
1.50
2.00

« 4.00

5.00

8 00

10.00

t 7.50

9.00

15.00

IS.OO

* .60

.75

1.25

1.50

$3 25
4.25
6.50
8.00

$ 600

8.00
12.00
15.00

% .85*4 50
110 5 50
1.60 8.50
2.10 10..50

t 800

9.50
15.50
18.50

t .95

1.20
1.70
2.20

$ 5.00

6.00

9.00

11.00

$ 8.50
10.00
1600

19.00

Select Caucasian Breeders $ 3.25

1 full colony without queen in 8-frame
dovetailed hi%'e 6.00

Discounts on large orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-disease has ever
been in this section.

Straight 5-band Golden Breeders SIO.OO

Select Golden Breeders 3 00

" 3-band " 3.00

" Carniolan " 3.10

Select the Queen wanted, and add the price to the above prices,
orders. Contracts with dealers a specialty. No bee-dise

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM ^ Extracts from Caialog:^ — 1907:

CLEAN ^TlS Chas. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, 111. — This is the Smoker we

orr r.uni/rn M^k " rccommend above all others.
DLL omUKLn fl^A S

u. o. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis. — We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. — The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of tlie smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1892, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine — largest smoker made $1.50 — 4 inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 — 3}4 "

Conqueror — right for most apiaries 1.00 — 3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90 — 2X "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-office free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingrbam & Hetherincrton Uncappintr-Knife.

T. F. BINGMM, Farwell, Midi.

Patented May 20. 1879.

BEST ON EARTH.

llT

111 every conntry tHe snccessful aflyertiser is me continnons advertiser."

( ubl isher Fails — Forced Sal]
This is yoMT Gaiiv u.

/eight
vBoxed

\75y

PPORTUNITY KNOCKS AT YOUR DOOR NOW. We are compelled r
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I

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Finance Agents 240 Wabash Ave., Chicago. 111.

■ clothif dpitrcd.

FOR SALE

7(»0 folnnl' ^* '»f Hce» In <Jovctail hlvt-n with 400
HUjHTH fr»r ' 'iinh honey. an«I (^ini' full (U'pth «*x-
tractinff HU|MT lur each hive. Thin Beanon'H crop
in nvtT'.M to[iH of honey, fnmi elov**r iind Hlfalfa,
with liitc-Ht •■.|iiii)mrnt»f>f all kinc|«. Poor hualtb
ts cauHe of my M-UinK- For partlculart* wriif. _j
Adflri'MM,

H. .1. roi.i:. Box '41^ VakiiiDi. \\ hhIi.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnK.

EnSravinSsForSale

We are accamnlatlngqnite a stock of enfrraT*
lugs that have been need in the American Bee
Jonrnal. No donbt many of them could be ased
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it wonld help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having
made and nsing in onr columns. If there is acy
of our engravings that any one would liice to
have, just let ns know and we will quote a very-
low price, postpaid. Address,

6E0BGEW.T0BK&C0.

CHICAGO, ILL)
Mention Bee Jonrnal when wrltlnK-

A. Prophet of Trofit

There is plenty of money in Chickens if your
effort is intelligently directed.

Learn the right way to do things by sub-
scribing for

Profitable Poultry

MILTON, WIS.

For a limited time only 25 cents per year.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlng.

Established 1S17

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BY

Washington Farmer Fnblishing Co,

Capital Stock, $100,000 (Incorporated)

North Takima, Wash,

Subscription, per year. 51.00. General cir-
culation among three millon people west of
St. Paul and north of San Francisco. The
highest authority on Irrigation. Most elegant
descriptive Magazine and Agricultural Peri-
odical in America.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen wrltlnsr.

FOR SALE

$1 to $3 a pair.
Registered
Homing P i g-
eons:Big Squab

Breeders. Also Angora and Belgian Hares;

Fancy experiment station; crosses in all

colors. Mail orders filled.

HUI-BEKT GILEN ELI,TN, ILL.

Mention Bee Journal when irrltingr.

Honey as a Health-Food.— This is a 16-
page honey-pamphlet intended to help in-
crease the demand for honey. The first
part of it contains ashort article on" Honey
as Food." written by Dr. C. C. Miller It
tells where to keep honey, how to liquefy it,
etc. The last part is devoted to " Honey-
Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using
Honey." It should be widely circulated by
those selling honey. The more the people
are educated on the value and uses of
honey, the more honey they will buy.

Prices, prepaid— Sample copy for a2-cent
stamp: 50 copies for 70 cents: 100 for $1.25;
?50for $2.25: 500 for $4.00; or 1000 for $7.50.
\ our business card printed fne at the bot-
tom of front page on all orders for 100 or
more copies. Send all orders to theoffice
of the American Bee Journal.

Mention Bee Jonrnal ivhen writing

734

November, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS

In Connection With Tlie

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

BEE

KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

Your name and ad dress put

on one side of the handle as
shown in cut, and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee, a worlcer.
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
and transparent,
through which is
seen your name.
If you lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to vou, or
serves to identify
you if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cutise.xact
size. Be sure to
write e.xact name
and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Priceofknife
akjne, postpaid, j;1.25.
With year's subscrip-
tion, $1.50.
Free for 5
new 50c sub-
scriptions.

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really good
pen. As far as
true usefulness
goes it is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced, much-
advertised pens.
If you pay more it's
the name you're
^..,. . charged fur. The Gold

Is lb IS guaranteed 14 Karat gold
Indium pointed. The holder is
hard;rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. , The cover fits snugly and
can t slip oft because it slightly
wedges over the barrel at either
end. I his pen is non-leakable.
It IS very easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. The simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting. Every bee-
keeper ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in bo.x with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown H ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid, $1.25. With
a year's sub sc ri p ti o n . $1.50.
Given free for 5 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each.

QUEEN-CLIPPING DEVICE

The .Monette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for use in
catching and clipping
Queens' wings. 4^
incheshigh. Itisused
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
one.

Price alone, post-
paid. 25 cents. With a
year's subscription, 60
Cents. Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

A special tool invented
by a Minnesota bee
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral work around
theapairy. Made
of malleable iron.
S'^i inches long;. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is 1 7-8inches long.
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, ending like a
screw-driver. The
larger end is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular edge,
making it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc.. as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. Miller, who has
used it since 1903 says.
January 7, VM7: "1
think as much of the
toijl as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
25 cents. With a year's
subscription, 60 cents.
Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50
cents each.

PREmium

QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens,
reports of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent only after May Ist,
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price.
75 cents each. 6 for $4.00.
or 12 for $7.50. One queen
with a year's subscrip-
tion, $1.00. Free for
3 new 50c. subscriptions.

HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

O WONT rou BEE HY HOKEY

AvO CHlCfi THIS LONElT heart?

For I WOULD Huo yoo all the tihe /
And we would mvir part

a. «>0 MM.!, IT u Mm — f- rta ^

A "Teddy Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep. ' Size
3'/!x5!4. printed in four colors. Blank
space IVS X 3 inches is for writing. Prices-
Si postpaid, 10 cents; 10 for 25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription, 60 cents. 6
Kiven free for one 50-cent subscription.

ghbors or
to sub-
getting. We

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

, .Forty Years .4moni; the Bees, bv Dr. C. C.

Millfr.-34i pafe't-.^, Ij.jund in himdsc.me cloth,
«ith iiold letters and design, illustrated with US
'"'-autiful halt-tcme pictures, taken bv Dr
Miller. It is a good, new slorv of successful

ee-keepingby ime of the masters, and sh<iws
in minutest detail just how Dr. Miller does
thinKs with bees. Price alone, il.oo. With a
year s subscription. il.-25. Given free for 4 new
subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Advanced Bee Culture, bv W. Z. Hutchin-
son.-The author is a practical and helpful
writer. 330 pages; bound in cloth, beautifully
illustrated. Price ainne, $1.20. With a year's
subscription, $1.4.">. Given free for 5 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

A B C of Bee Cultnre, bv A. I. & E. R

Root.— Over oOj pages describing everything
pertaining to the care of honey-Bees. 410 en-
gravings. Bound in cloth, price alone. $1.50.
\Vilh a year's subscription, SfT.i. Given tree
for i> new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Soientific Queen-Rearing, as Practically
.\pplie.l, by G.M. Dcolitt le.-How thevervbes't
queen-bees are reared. Bound in cloth and il-
lustrated. Price alone, $1.00. With a year's sub-
scription, $1.25. Given free for 4 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each. In leatherette hin<iing,
price alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription
$l.m. Given free for 3 new subscriptions
at oO cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook. -This book is in-
structive, helpful, interesting, thoroughly
practical and scientific. It also contains anat-
omy and physiology of bees. 544 pages, 295
Illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price alone, $1 20
JVith a year's subscription. $1.4;. Given free
lora new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Langstroth on tiie Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant. -This classic has been entirely re-
\yritten. Fully illustrated. No apiarian library
is complete without this standard work bv "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 520 pages,

iun.l in cloth. Price alone, $1.20. With a year's
suh.^cription, $1.4.;. Given free for 5 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

k"^*?^ Honey-Money Stories. "-A 64-page

booklet. Containing many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts and interesting items
about honey. The manufactured comb-honev
misrepresentation is contradicted in two items
each occupying a full page. Has 33 tine illus-
trations of apiaries or aiuarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs. This booklet should be
placed in the hands ot everybody not familiar
with the food-value of honey, for its main
object is to interest people in honey as a daily
table artiide. Price 25 cents. With a year's
subscription, 60 cents. Given free for 1 new
subscription, at 50 cents.

Three copies for 50 cents; or theS with avear's
subscription 75 cents; or the 3 copies given
free lor 2 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Amerikanisclie Bienenzucht, bv Hans
Buschbauer. is a bee-keeper's handbook of 138
pages, which is just what our German friends
will w-ant. It is fully illustratedj_and neatly
bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.00. With a year's
subscription, $1.25. Given free for 4 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A stiff board outside like a book -cover with
cliith back. Will hold easily 3 volumes (36
numbers) of the American Bee Journal. Makes
reference easy, preserves copies from loss,
dust and mutilation. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription $I.(H). Given
free for 3 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has wood back but no
c-iv.Ts. Price postpaid, L'O cents. With a vear's
-subscription 60 cents. Given free for 1 new
subscription at 5u cents.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few of these handsome *'bronze-metal"
clocks left. Base Wj inches wide, bv i* 'i inches
hiph. Desijrnis a straw skep with clock face in
Imiddle. Suitable for parh-r— an ornament for
any place. Keeps e.xceilent time, durable
and reliable. Weifxht, Ixixed, 4 ptmnds. You
pay express charges. Price. $1.. SO. \Vith avear's
suli-'^<Tiption,$1.7rt. Given free for 6 new sub-
si.rijJtions at 5U cents c;tch.

SEND ALL ORDERS TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 118 W. Jackson, Chicago, III.

XcivcMnbcr,

735

American Hee Journal t

Fall Supplies

-FOR-

Bee-Keepers

Everytliins? you want. All made
by us in our own factories. At
Lowest Prices.

THE AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER, a monthly at SOc a
year. Published 17 years.

Sample copy and illustrated cat-
alog and price-list FREE.
Address.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO.,

Dept. B.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

mention Bee Journal >Tlien Tvrlting.

HONEY

We have some fine, thick white extracted honev,
2 cans to a case, 124 lbs. at 9 cts. a lb., 5 cases
^4 cts. lb., 10 cases si-j cts. Ih. .Sample 10 ct.'*.

HONEY- JARS

No. 25 jar $5.50 gross, 5 gross $5.25 gross. 1 lb
square jars $5,00 gross. Catalog of supplies free

I. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park FI., N. Y. City

Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I.

Mention Bee Journal vrben Tvritlner-

^ We will Buy and
Sell

m

HONET

^^ of the different grades and kinds.
Kji( If you have any to dispose of, or it
^W you intend to buy, correspond
^^ with us.

We are always in. the market

for

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & 5egelken

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

I Honey wa!h Honey?

We have just received several carloads of
Water White Sage Honey — the finest that
can be produced — put up in 60-pound cans,
two to the case. Have also several cars of
White Clover and Alfalfa Comb Honey. If
in the market state quantity wanted and we
will be pleased to quote you.

C. H.W.WEBER""'

0«ic8 ind Salesrooms. 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

Chicago, Oct. 23.— There is a good de-
mand for the best grades of comb honey at
17 to 18c per pound. There is also less preju-
dice against the travel-stained combs than
formerly. Amber grades range from 13 to
15c. Very little dark honey m the comb
offered. Of e.xtracted there is a fair supply:
at present, prices range from 8 to He for the
white, and 6 to 7 M'e for amber and dark.
Beeswax. 30 to 33c. R. A. Burnett & Co.

Denver, Oct. 28.— Comb honey available
for car-load shipments has all been disposed
of and shipped out of the State, but there is
sutficient left to supply the local trade. We
quote No. 1 white, per case of 24 sections,
$3.25 to $3.50 : light amber and No. 2, $2.75 to
$3.00. E.xtracted honey, white, 7H to 8 l-3c :
light amber, 6'i to 7i'2C. We pay 24 to 25c for
clean, yellow beeswax here.

The Colo. Honky-Proditcf rs' Ass'n.

Toledo. Oct. 10.— Owing to large receipts
of Western comb honey, prices have weak-
ened. Fancy and No. 1 brings 16 to 16'4C in a
retail way. Not much demand for lower
grades. Extracted in barrels and cans re-
mains firm, and brings 7*2 to 8V^c : amber, 7
to 7V!C. Beeswax, 28 to 30c. As the season
progresses producers are letting go of their
crops, and not holding for high prices ex-
pected, and we look for the market to de-
cline on all grades, as by Dec. 1 demand lets
up. Producers having crops to sell will do
well to market same promptly.

Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Philadelphia, Oct. 25.— The sales of
honey have been quite active in tnis market
during the past month. We quote: Fancy
comb honey, wholesale. 17 to 18c: No. 1
white, 15 to IGc : amber, 14c. Extracted
honey, water-white, 7'^ to 8c; amber, 6i4c:
dark, 6c. Beeswax. 30c. We are producers
of honey, and do not handle on commission.
Wm. a. Selser.

Cincinnati, Oct. 15.— The receipts of
both comb and extracted honey have fallen
off considerably within the past two or three
weeks, which is probably due to the short-
ness of the honey crop throughout the coun-
try excepting the far West. Many car-loads
of Western comb honey have been placed
upon this market, which has weakened the
demand. Quote our fancy comb at 16 to
17 l-2c. The demand for extracted honey

IS exceptionally good. We are offering our
fancy water-white extracted honev in bar-
rels and cansat lOc : amber in barrelsat6to
/ l-2c. according to the quality. For choice
yellow beeswax, free from dirt, we are pay-
ing 30c delivered here.

Thk Fred W. .MithCo.
Kansas City, Oct. 19. - The supply of
comb and exiracted honey is fair, and the
demand good. We quote : No. 1 comb
white, 24section cases, $3.50: No. 1 amber'
$3.25: No. 2 amber and white. $i.OO. Ex-
tracted, white. 8 l-2c : amber, 7 1-2 and 8c
Beeswax, 25 to 28c.

C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Oct. 23.-The market is bare
of white clover extracted. There is a good
demand for white extracted honey, selling
in cans from 9 1-2 to 10c. No. 1 white clover
comb honey at 17c: alfalfa at 16 l-2c. Amber
extraeted from 6to6 1-2c. Market is good
Beeswax, 30c. C. H. W. Weber.

New York, Oct. 24.— There is a good de-
mand for all grades of comb honey. Ar-
rivals are now coming in more freely and in
good-sized lots, and finds ready sale at good
prices. Fancy sells at from 16 to 17c. No 1
at 15c. No. 2, white, at 14c, dark and buck-
wheat at 12 to 13c. Extracted is also in good
demand, with sufficient supply, principally
from California. \\ e quote water-white at
He. white sage at 8 l-2c, light amber at 6c.
dark and amber at 7to 7 l-2c, according to
quality. Southern and West India honey in
barrels at from 70 to SOc per gallon, accord-
ing to quality. Beeswax quiet at 29 to 30c.

HlLDRETH «.- SeGELKEN.

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April 1st. Select Un-
tested Queens, fl each; Tested Queens, *2;
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring.
Book your orders NOW.

H. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAKD, S. C.

Mention Bee Jouro.al when WTltlng.

^% ^ ^^ ^^ A 40-page Catalog tree.
■CAAQ The latest work on BEE-
UWWV SUPPLIES, Hives, Fixtures,
Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens. If interested in bees, do not
fail to write us.
John Nebel & Son Supply Co,, High Hill, Mo.

31eutioii Bee Journal n-lien ivritin^.

November, 1907.

American ^ae Journal

TWO CARS OF

WHITE ALFALFA and LIGHT AMBER

Extracted

Honey

in 60-lb., lo-lb. and 5-lb. Cans. Prices and Samples
on application. FREE CATALOG OF COMB
FOUNDATION AND BEE-SU PPLIES.

DADANT & SONS,

Hamilton, Illinois

APONS PAY

OapoDS are cheaper and easier
raised, bring doable price on
the mariiet. Caponizing' i a
easy, and soon learned. Setprepaid with
"easy to use" directions, $2.50. Capon
book free, tella how. Write for it today.

6 P Pltting& Son Co., Arch St.. Phllidilphia, Pa. ^

IkkeiAiiuu tsee Juuruul when wrlUite*

FENCE SrSTffi'

Made of High Carbon Double strength
ICoiU-d '\Vjre. Heavily Galvanized to
.prevent riK^t. Have no agents. Hell at
'factory prices on 30 days' free trial.
iWepay all freight. 371ieltrlits of farm
land r'^ultrv fcni'e. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
|Box 89 Winchester, Indiana

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlns*

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog and get low
prices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Our specialty is making Sections. All other
goods up-to-date.

AUQ. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.
10A34t Please mention the Bee Journal.

Moore's Lon^-Ton^ues
and Golden Queens

Fine Select TTntested Qneens f 1 ; 6 for $4.50; 12
for^S. Tested Queens, $1.25; 6 for $«.50- Best
Breeders, $3. Safe arrival guaranteed.

W. H. RAILS. Orange. Cal.

Mention Bee Journal when vrritlng.

Two Years for One Dollar

After a man succeeds in publishing a good journal, the next step is that of get-
ting it into the hanils of the people, of getting them to reading it, and becoming
acquainted with its merits. This can be done by advertising, sending out sample
copies, circulars, etc. All this costs money. I think I am safe in saying that for
every new subscriber I have received I have paid out $2.00 in advertising; hence, I
have often said that a publisher of a good iournal could afford to send his paper
one year free, for the sake of getting it into new hands. It would cost no more
than other forms of advertising, and would be very effective, but, for obvious
reasons, this plan could not be put in practice, but I am going to come as near to it
as I can. I have between 200 and 300 complete sets of back numbers for the present
year, and as long as the supply holds out I will send a complete set, and the rest of
this year free to anyone who will send me $1.00 for the REVIEW for 1908.

THE REVIEW FOR 1907

frequent contributor, is Mr. M. V. Facev, of Min- ;
nesota;and I think the most helpful feature of '
his writings is that of trying: to tell his readers
how to

Diagnose inside Conditions

of a oi'l'iny hy outside symptoms, Manv bee-
keepers think they must open every hive and take
out all "t the combs before tbey can know the
condition of the apiary. It is wonderful, as you
will admit after reading these articles, that an
apiary may be mananaged with so little work— so
little opening of hives.

A strong feature of the Review is its editorials.
By actual count. 276 have appearetl this vear. ■
They arc helpful, inspiring, and encouraging— of- '
ten the resuft of

Actual Personal Work

in the apiary. The Northern Michigan apiaries
and their management are delightfully pictured
with both pen and camera, and have brought forth -
more enthusiastiu praise than anv feature of the
Review fur several years. It is a record of actual
work with hundreds of colonies— the laiiures and
successe.'*. Two editorials deal at length with
"Simplieity in Hive Cnnstructiou,'* showing how
the Edit(.ir made hives and frames, and wired the
latter and tilled them with sheets of foundation,
all the work being done at home, and at a low
cost.

What the REVIEW has been in the past, it will be in tlie future— a real help to

practical bee-keepers who are in the business to make money. Send me $1.00, and

you will get the P.EVIEW for 1907 and 1908; and after you have read it these two

years 1 feel sure that you will become a life-long subscriber. For $2.00 I will send

you the REVIEW for 1907 and 1908 and also a copy of the liook "Advanced Bee

Culture W. Z. HUTCHINSON, // FLINT, MICH.

It is impossible, in this space, to touch more
than briefly upon a few points. Perhaps the lead-
ing feature of the year is a series of articles by
E. D. Townsend. Mr. Townsend has been a spe-
cialist for many years, probably

Making More Clear Money

out of bees than has any one else in Michigan.
You may have read occasional articles of his
scattered through the different journals, but in
the Review for the present year he l>egan at the
beginning and wrote in a consecutive manner— just
as though writing a lutAk. One article, showing
the comparative cost of producing comb and ex-
tracted noney, is es|ieciaily valuable just now
when some are thinking of abandoning the pro-
duction of comb honey.

Another man, whose experience and success
have 1 rubably equaled Mr. Townsend's, Mr. E. F.
Atwater, of Idaho, has furnished the Review with
several articles the present year. If asked to give
the keynote of these articles. I should say that it
was the control of increase, or

Prevention of Swarming

Perhaps tlie must sati:-factory plan was the use of
the Dudley tube; a vt ry simple device that not
only prevents swarmiug, but tnere is no dividing,
no shaking, no absconding, no sulking, and no
scattering to other hi\es, but hifi n'sult)^.
Another successful specialist, who has been a

47th Year
No. 32

December, 1907

« # 1./ V ■ u

5c. a (-<>p>

I

December, 1907.

American Bae Journal

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

GEORGE W.YORK 8 COMPANY

116 W.Jackson Blvd., Chicago, III.

IMPORTANT NOTICE,

THE SUBSCRIPTION PRICE of this Journal is
50 cents a year, in the United States of America,
(except Chicago, where it is 75 centsi, and Mexico;
in Canada 6U cents: and in all other countries in
the Postal Union, 25 cents a year extra for post-
ag-e. Sample copy free.

THE WRAPPER-LABEL DATE indicates the

end of the month to which vour subscription is
paid. For instance, " decOT '* on your label shows
that It ia paid to the end of December, 1907.

SUBSCRIPTION RECEIPTS.-Wedo not send
a receipt for money sent us to pav subscription,
but change the date on vour wrapper-label, which
shows that the monej' has been received and
credited.

Advertising Rate, per flgate Line, I5c.

14 Hues make one inch.
Nothine less than 4 lines accepted.
Discounts:
3 times 14c a 1 ne 9 times lie a line

6 " 12c" " 12 ■' (lyr.) lOcaUne

Reading- Notices, 25 cents, count line.
Goes to press the 6th of each month.

National Bee Keepers' Association

Objects of the Association.

I8t.— To promote the tntereats of its members.
2d.— To protect and defend its members in their
lawful ridhts.

3d.— To enforce laws against the adulteration of
honey.

Annual Membership Dues, $i.oo.

General Manager and Treasurer-

N. E. France, Platteville, Wis.

tW If more convenient. Dues may be sent to the
publishers of the American Bee Journal.

Books for Bee-Keepers

Every bee-keeper should have a bee-
book besides a bee-paper. On another
page will be found all the best books
offered-— either at a price, postpaid, or as
a premium. If you can not earn them
as premiums for getting new subscrip-
tions, it will pay you well to purchase
one or more of them. You will find
them of great value. There are so many
things in the books that are needful to
know, and that of course could not be
told over and over again in the bee-
papers. If a bee-keeper can afford only
one, it would better be the book rath-
er than the paper. But now that the
American Bee Journal is only 50 cents
a year, of course, no bee-keeper, how-
ever limited his apiary may be, can af-
ford to be without its monthly visits.

Apiarian Pictures

We would be glad to have those who
can do so, send us pictures of bee-
yards, or of anything else that would be
of interest along the line of bee-keep-
ing.

Contents for December, 1907

Illustrations-

Comb Built on Division-Board 753

Pioneer California Apiary Front Page

Scholl. Louis H FrontPage

Uncapping Fork 743

Editorial Notes and Comments—

Feeding Bees for Winter in Canada... 741

Illinois State Convention 742

Invitation to Readers. 742

Merry Christmas-Happy New Year... 741

Parcels Post in the United States 742

Reading Bee-Literature 742

Report on Bees and Honey for 1907 741

bpecialty Not Best for Every One 741

study the Subject of Bee-Keeping 742

I wo-Queen Plan 74^

}Yr^^^?. 'o Put a Caged Queen 742

World's Pure Food Show 742

Miscellaneous News-Items—

Bee-Keeping in Australia and Here.... 743

Bees Attac k Passengers 743

Chicago-Northwestern Convention.... 744

Gus Dittmer Company " 744

Inde.x for 1907 743

Japanese Bees 743

"Langstroth on the Honey-Bee" 744

Michigan Convention 744

Old Apiary in California 743

Result of National Election 744

J^'i^'^A^^'^ ^3'"' 'Apiarian Premiums... 744

1 he Golden Bee "-Wonderful! 743

Uncapping Fork 743

Wedding Bellg in Missouri 744

Canadian Beedom—

Comb Honey Production 746

Distribution of Honey 745

Extriicted Honey Production 746

Foul Brood 745

Foul Brood and Black Brood 746

Price of Good Honey 745

Report of Ontario Convention 745

Requeening Colonies 745

Wax-Presses 745

Our Bee-Keeping Sisters-

Confectionof Tomatoes and Honey. . 746

Feeding Bees Through a Sponge 746

Honey One Bee Gathers in Its Life-

„time 745

Section Honey in a Bee-Tree 746

When to Cellar the Bees 746

BlOGRAPHS OP BeEDOMITES-

Glirnpses of Southwestern Apiculture
and a Sketch of One of Its Leading

Representatives. Louis H. Scholl 747

Contributed Articles—

Eucalyptus Honey 749

History of Honey Committee 750

Honey Crop Reports and Prices 749

Importance of Good Food 749

Nutrition and .\ctivity.. ..■ 749

Problem of Wintering Bees 749

Production and Ripening of Extracted

Honey 750

Quiet Very Essential 749

Some of the Results of Bee-Keeping in

1907 75J

Wholesome Winter Stores 749

Reflections of California BeeKeeper

California— A Modern Mecca 752

Death of A. D. Pryal 752

Freakish Things Bees Do 753

Honey Prices Up 75^

In Union There is Strength 752

Pepper Tree and Eucalyptus 752

Southern Beedom—

Bee-Keepers' Exhibit at the San An-
tonio International Fair, Nov. 9 to

Nov. 24 753

Bees Gather Rosin 753

Prospects for 1908 753

Doctor Miller's Question-Box-

Amount of Sugar for a Pound of Honey 755

Answering Questions 757

Bees by the Pound 754

Bees Deserting the Hive 755

Black Bees in Italian Colony.... 757

Disease Carried by the Queen, Etc 754

Do Bees Store Candy Feed ? 756

I- all heeding 757

Hives Full of Frames for Winter 755

Home;Made Comb Foundation 756

Late Feeding of Bees for Winter 755

Location for Observation Hive 755

Moth-Eaten Combs-Pollen 755

Non-Hatching Eggs 757

Packing Bees for Winter 754

Preventing Swarming 755

Queen-Bee to Start a Colony 756

Rearing Queens 755

Rooting-Paper for Winter Cases 756

r\?:^,'^^li.'^ -^"^'d in Winter Stores 757

Wide-Top Section-Holders 754

Wintering Bees Under Snow-Drifts... 757
Wintering on Summer Stands 756

Reports and Experiences-

Extra Year for Bees 7ss

Fair Fall Crop of Honey 758

Fine Shape for Winter 753

Honey and Prices Better 758

Keeping Bees for Pleasure 758

Outlook Good in Cuba 758

Rocky Mountain Honey 758

Virginia Bee-Keeping 758

Wintering on Summer Stands 758

Discount for Dec.— 4 percent

Lewis Bee-Supplies

S,XllTv^o,Ztl7* "" """ 8l«'^Pa<'kages.

FIRE SALE OF BEE AND POULTRY SUPPLIES

^'siJ.'';' J''*'''';?',fhoU9and dollars worth of these goods, and no comolaint

K. M. ARNO, Prop. York Honey and Bee-SuppI), Co., (Not lnc.,> 191 .nd 193 Superior St., CHICAGO, ILL

^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Liinj; Distance Telephone, North 1559

SOLID GOLDEN QUEENS

Ready for delivery April Ut. Select Un-
tested Queens, SI each; Tested Queens, f2-
Select Tested, $3. You can only get good
Queens from the South in the early spring
Book your orders NOW.

M. M. PARKER, JR.

3Atf JAMES ISLAND, S. C.

Mention Bee Journal nhen writing.

SPECIAL SAIF "f Sections and Shipping
r„ ,K r**""' Cases till Feb. 1. Discount

on other supplie.s. Seeds of Honey-Plants, White
Wyandottes and B. Plymouth Cockerels
■*--2t H. is. Dl'BY, St. Anne, 111.

Mention Bee Jonrno] when writing.

D^.^,^ ^ 40-page Catalog tree.

KQBC '^'^^ '^(^^t ^^°''l^ on BEE-
UWWW SUPPLIES, Hives, Fixtures,
Etc. Italian Bees and
Queens. I£ interested in bees, do not
fail to write us.
John Nebel & Son Supply Co., High Hill. Mo.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when writing.

■AR Varlolioc of practical ana lancypure
fO TariClieS bred poultrj'. Beautiful,
rdy, vit^orous. Larpest, most successfu'
puultrv-farni. Thousands to choose from.
Eie Profitable Poultry book tells all
about it. Quotes low prices on fowls, egps,
incubators, and supplies. Sent for i cents.
Berry's Poultry Farm,Box 72 Clarinda.Ia.
Mention Bee Journal when writing.

Decfiubor, 1907.

American ^ec Journalj

SPECIAL CLUBBING and PREMIUM OFFERS

In Connection With The

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Sample copies free, to ht- Ip you interest your friends and net suljseriptions. II yiai will send us names of your neiehbors or
friends we will mail them satnple copies free. After they have received their copies, with a little talk you can tet some to sub
scribe and so either jfet your own subscription free or receive some of the useful premiums below. They're worth getting. We
Clve you a year's 8ut>8cr{ption free for sendiniT US two new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

BEE-KEEPERS' NOVELTY
POCKET-KNIFE

Your name and addressput

on one side of the handle as
shown in cut. and on the
other side pictures of
a queen-bee, a worker,
and a drone. The
handle is celluloid
and transparent,
throujjh which is
seen your name.
If you lose this
knife it can be re-
turned to you, or
serves to identify
you if you happen
to be injured fatal-
ly, or are uncon-
scious. Cutise.Nact
size. Be sure to
write e.xact name
and address. Knife
delivered in two
weeks. Priceof knife
alone, postpaid, $1.25.
With year's subscrip-
tion, $1.50.
Free for 5
new 50c sub-
scriptions.

BEE-KEEPER'S

GOLD-NIB
FOUNTAIN PEN

A really good
pen. As far as
true usefulness
goes it is equal
to any of the high-
er-priced, much-
advertised pens.
If you pay more it's
the name you're
;hargedfor. The Gold
Nib is guaranteed 14 Karat gold.
Iridium pointed. The holder is
hard-rubber, handsomely finish-
ed. The cover fits snugly and
can't slip off because it slightly
wedges over the barrel at either
end. This pen is non-leakable.
Itisvery easily cleaned, the pen-
point and feeder being quickly
removed. The simple feeder
gives a uniform supply of ink to
the pen-point without dropping,
blotting or spotting. Every bee-
kccpei ought to carry one in his
vest-pocket. Comes in box with
directions and filler. Each pen
guaranteed. Here shown fi ac-
tual size.

Price alone, postpaid, $1.25. With
a year's subscription, i\.?0.
Given free for 5 new subscrip-
tions at 50 cents each.

"r

QUEEN-CUPPING DEVICE

The Monette Queen-
Clipping Device is a
fine thing for use in
catching and clipping
Queens' wings. 4H
inches high. It is used
by many bee-keepers.
Full printed direc-
tions sent with each
one.

Price alone, post-
paid. 25 cents. With a
year's subscription, 60
cents. Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50 cents each.

IDEAL HIVE-TOOL

A special tool inven
by a Minnes()ta bee^
keeper, adapted
for prying up su-
pers and for gen-
eral workaround
theapairy. Mad<'
of malleable iron.
8V^ inches long. The
middle part is 1 1-16
inches wide and 7-32
thick. The smaller
end is 1 7-8inches long,
1-2 inch wide, and 7-32
thick, ending like a
screw-driver. The
larger end is wedge-
shaped having a sharp,
semi-circular edge,
making it almost per-
fect for prying up cov-
ers, supers, etc., as it
does not mar the wood.
Dr. Miller, who has
used it since 1903 says.
January 7, 1907: "I
think as much of the
tool as ever."
Price alone, postpaid,
SOcents. With a year's
subscription, 60 cents.
Given free for 2 new
subscriptions at 50
cents each.

PREmiUM
QUEENS

These are untested, stand-
ard-bred, Italian Queens,
reports of which have
been highly satisfactory.
They are active breeders,
and produce good work-
ers.

Sent only after May 1st.
Orders booked any time

for 1908 queens. Safe de-
livery guaranteed. Price,
75 cents each, 6 for $4.00,
orl2 for$7.50. One queen
with a year's subscrip-
tion, $1.U0. Free for
3 new 50c. subscriptions.

HUMOROUS BEE POST-CARDS

OwONT TOuBEE m-HOKEX
And chcer this tONELr hcart?

For I WOULD huo raj «ll the tihEj
And wt WOULD never part

w lid <aa *-T< ^^

A "Teddy Bear" on good terms with
everybody including the bees swarming
out of the old-fashioned "skep." Size
3''4x5!4, printed in four colors. Blank
space m X 3 inches is for writing. Prices—
3, postpaid, 10 cents; 10 for25 cents. Ten
with a year's subscription, 60 cents. 6
given free for one 50-cent subscription.

BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS

Forty Years Amone ">*' IJ«**h, l>y Dr.C. O.

Mill.T.-:H4 pak'''H. hounrl in h:in<lMcini*) cloth,
with ^"\>\ lftt.TMainl.|i'sik'n,llluHtr:it.-'I withlia
lM-;iulifuI lijtil-t'.ii.- picturi's. taki-ti l»v I>r.
MilttT. It is a K"'"l. ri'-w .sic.ry "i Muccc^nful
lnM'-k4M'piriK ''V 'iiif of thf iiKiHtcrH, arnl showH
in niitiutcHt (l<*tall just how Dr. Miller does
thinjfM with t)cc.s. Price ahme, ai.oo. With a
ycar^M ,'^ul^^^c^:ption, (Lil. Given free fur4 new
aul)ncriptii)ns at 50 cents each.

Aflvanoed Bee Culture, by W. Z. Hatchln-
son.— The author is a practical and helpful
writer. :f30 pa^ea; bound in ciolh, beautifully
illustrated. Price alone, $].:'0. With a year's
subscription, i|;l.45. Oiven free for 5 new sub-
scriptions at 5u cents each.

A B C of Bee Culture, by A. 1. & E. R.
Root.— Over 500 pages describing everything
pertaining to the care of honey-bees. 4tiO en-
gravings. Bound in cloth, price alone. S1.&0.
With a year's subscriptinn, $1.75. Given xree
for fi new subscriptions at aO cents each.

Scientific Queen-Rearinc, as Practically
Applied, by G. M. Doolittle.-Hi.w the very best
queen-bees are reared. Bounfl in cloth and il-
lustrated. Price alone, $1.00. With a vear's sub-
scription, $1.25. Given free for 4 new subscrip-
tions at .50 cents each. In leatherette binding,
price alone, 75 cents. With a year's subscription
$1.00. Given free for 3 new subscriptions
at 50 cents each.

Bee-Keeper's Guide, or Manual of the
Apiary, by Prof. A. J. Cook. -This book is in-
structive, helpful, interesting, thoroughly
practical and scientific. It also contains anat-
omy and physiologv of bees. 544 pages, '^95
illustrations. Bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.20.
With a year's subscription. $1.4.":. Given tree
for 5 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

lianestroth on the Honey-Bee, revised
by Dadant.— This classic has been entirely re-
written. FuUv illustrated. No apiarian library
is complete without this standartJ workby "The
Father of American Bee Culture." 520 pages,
bound in cloth. Price alone, $!.:«. With a year's
subscription, $1.4.". Given free for 5 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

•*The Honey-Money Stories."— A 64-page

booklet. Ct)ntaining many short, bright stories
interspersed with facts and interesting items
about nonej'. The manufactured comb-honey
misrepresentation is contradicted in two items
each occupying a full page. Has 3;J fine illus-
trations of apiaries or aifiarian scenes. It also
contains 3 bee-songs. This booklet should be
placed in the hands of everybody not familiar
with the food-value of honey, for its main
object is to interest people in noney as a daily
table article. Price 25 cents. With a year's
subscription, fio ctnts. Given free for 1 new
subscription, at 50 cents.

Three copies for 50 cents; orthe3with a year's
subscription 75 cents; or the 3 copies given
free for 2 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

Amerikanisrhe Bienenzncht, by Hans
Buschbauer, is a bee-keeper's handbook of 138
pages, which is just what i.>ur German friends
will want. It is fully illustrated, and neatly
bound in cloth. Price alone, $1.00. With a year's
subscription, $1.25. Given free for 4 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

THE EMERSON BINDER

A Stiff board outside like a book-cover with
cloth back. Will hold easily 3 volumes (36
numbers) of the American Bee Journal. Makes
reference easy, preserves copies from loss,
dust and mutilation. Price postpaid, 75 cents.
With a year's subscription $I.OO. Given
free for 3 new subscriptions at 50 cents each.

WOOD BINDER

Holds 3 volumes. Has wood back but no
covers. Price postpaid, 20 cents. With a .vear's
subscription 60 cents. Given free for 1 new
subscription at 50 cents.

BEE-HIVE CLOCK

A few I if these handsome "bronze-metal"
clocks left. Ba'^e 10'.. inches wide, by 9\ inches
high. Design is a straw skep with clock face in
Imiddle. Suitable for parlor— an ornament for
any place. Keeps excellent time, durable
and reliable. Weight, boxed, 4 pounds. You
pav express charges. Price, $1.50. withavear'a
suI'scription,$1.75. Given free for 6 new sub-
scriptions at 50 cents each.

SEND ALL ORDERS TO THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. 118 W. Jackson, Chicago. 111.

December, 1907.

lAmerican Bee Journal

Trade Notes
The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio

Does It Pay a Planing Mill Man to Make His Own Hives?

An unsolicited statement of the matter from an Illinois bee-keeper:

ELIAS BAMBERGER

Manufacturer of

S-iLSH, IDOOPIS, BLinSTDS

Contractors' and Builders' Supplies

Including All Kinds of Window Glass

Cor. Exchange and Adams Sts.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION

Freeport, 111., June 11, 1907.
The A. I. Root Co..,

Medina, 0.
Gentlemen:

I received five of your AE52S-10 hives yesterday and
find that I cannot make my own hives and supplies as cheap
as yours and use the same quality of lumber. You can see
by the head of this letter that if anyone can make hives
cheaper than your prices or any of the so-called "trust
hive" manufacturers, I ought to be able to do it, but using
the same quality of lumber I cannot.

Yours very truly,

(Signed) John H. Bamberger.

The above is a representative letter from the many we have to the effect that our hives and other supplies can be
purchased cheaper than a local mill can possibly make them. Our enormous output enables us to reduce the cost to
the minimum veithout sacrificing quality.

Write Nearest Branch or Agent for Catalog.

Alabama

•WetnmpVa J. M. Jenkins

Canada

Toronto E. Grainger & Co.

Calilornia

•Fresno Madary Planing Mill

•Los Angeles California National

Honey-Producers' Association

Colorado

Denver The L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co.

Fraita Fruita Frnit and Produce Ass*n

District of Columbia

Washington The A. I. Root Co.

<]ieorgia

SaTaanah Uowklns & Rnsh

124 Liberty St.
Illinois

Chicago The A. L Root Co.

144 East Erie Street.

Indiana

Indianapolis Walter S. Pouder

ETansvlUe Vickery Bros.

Iowa

Dea Moines J oseph Nysewander

Kansas
AnguBta Carl F. Buck

* These dealers

buy

IVIississippi

Brazelia George A. Hummer

Massacliusetts

Boston H. H. Jepson. 182 Friend Street

Lyonsville W. W. Cary & Son

IVIaine
Mechanic Falls The A. I. Root Co.

9Iaryland
Baltimore Rawlins Implement Co.

ifli£Iiig;an

Bell Branch M. H. Hunt cSi Son

Fremont George E. Hilton

IHinnesotp.

St. Paul The A. I. Root Co.

1024 Mississippi Street.

Missouri

High Hill Jno. Nebel & Son Supply Co.

Springfield Springfield Seed Co.

St. Louis Blanke & Hauk

Wevr Mexico
Carlsbad Edward Scoggin

Mew York

Syracuse The A. I. Root Co.

New York City The A. I. Root Co.

44 Vesey Street,

our goods in carload lots but supplement them with

Ohio

Columbus Grove McAdams Seed Co.

Toledo Griggs Bros., 521 Monroe St.

Zanesville E. W. Pierce

Cincinnati C. H. W.Weber

2146 Central Avenue

Oregfon

Portland Portland Seed Co.

I* ^nnsylvania

Bn Bois Prothero & Arnold

Philadelphia The A. I. Root Co.

10 Vine Street

Williamsport E. E. Pressler

633 Lycoming Street

Xexas

Dallas Texas Seed and Floral Co.

San Antonio Udo Toepperwein

Uvalde D. M. Edwards

IJtah

Ogden The Superior Honey Co.

Virgfinia

Spottswood W. E. Tribbett

local-made goods.

THE A, L ROOT CO,, Medina, Ohio

(Entered as second-class mail-matter at the ChlcaKo, III., Post-Ofllce.)
Published Monthly at 50 cts. a Year, by George W. York & Co., 118 W.Jackson Blvd.

GEORGE W. YORK, Editor

CHICAGO, ILL,, DECEMBER, 1907

VoL XL VII— No, 32

:diforial ^ofes
and Comments

Meny Christmas — Happy New Year

These are our wishes for all the
readers of the old American Bee Jour-
nal when the approaching Holiday Sea-
son arrives. And that the fullest frui-
tion of your highest hopes may be at-
tained in 1908 is our further wish for
you all.

Report on Bees and Honey for 1907

On page 764 will be found a report
blank which we wish every one of our
readers would fill out at once and mail
to the office of the American Bee Jour-
nal, 118 W. Jackson, Blvd., Chicago,
III. Then in the January number we
expect to give a summarized statement
for the benefit of all. We believe that
a report made up of all the individual
reports sent in, would be very inter-
esting and helpful.

We do not expect to publish any
names, so don't be afraid to give true
and correct answers to the questions
asked. The information as given by
individuals will not go outside of this
office and will be known only to the
Editor. Only a summarized report will
be given out or published.

If a satisfactory number of our read-
ers will take hold of this effort we be-
lieve the result can be made of untold
value to every bee-keeper who produces
honey for the market. It may result
in quarterly reports later on, which can
be used to fix the right price on honey,
beeswax, etc. We believe that if all
who are interested in getting worth-
while returns from their bee-keeping,
will help in this effort that we are now
starting for the benefit of all, they will
not regret it, but will be pleased with
the information that may be secured for
their guidance in the sale of honey.

At any rate, let us see what can be
done now toward getting an idea as
to the amount of honey produced the
past season by the readers of the Ameri-
can Bee Journal; the condition of the
bees this fall; and as to the clover and
other honey-plant prospects for 1908.

If you do not wish to cut this number
of the American Bee Journal, just copy
the questions on any sheet of paper,
answer them, and then mail to us as
directed in the first paragraph.

Feeding Bees for AVinter in Canada

The divergent views of writers on
bee-culture is a source of perplexity to
the beginner. A notable instance of
this divergence of views occurs in the
Canadian Bee Journal for October. F.
P. Adams, speaking of the harm done
by late disturbance, says:

"The only safe way to overcome this
difficulty is to prepare for winter be-
fore the cool weather sets in, and our
most successful apiarists recognize this
fact by commencing their winter pre-
parations at the close of the honey har-
vest. It is true that at this tinie the
hives usually contain a lot of brood,
but it is surprising what a quantity of
syrup can be forced into the brood-iiests
by heavy feeding."

J. L. Byer says this: "While there
is more danger of feeding too late rath-
er than too early, experience has taught
me that, for various reasons, it is not
wise to do much feeding previous to
September 20."

__ Then comes Editor Hurley, saying:
"Mr. Byer, in his notes appearing in
this issue, urges feeding in September.
In our experience this would not be
satisfactory. We prefer to feed when
the last batch of brood has hatched.

Wintering bees on empty brood-frames
is dangerous."

Of Mr, Adams the editor says: "The
pronounced success that he has had
with his bees, makes anything he writes
of great interest." Mr. Byer has for
years conducted a department in the
Canadian Bee Journel in a very able
manner, and Editor Hurley may well
be supposed to know something on the
subject. .After reading these three
varying views from three authorities,
and all under the same cover, is it any
wonder the beginner should feel some-
what dizzy?

Specialty Not Best for Every One

.■^s is well known. Editor Hutchinson
had adopted for his slogan the cry,
"Keep more bees!" and from the vigor-
ous rnanner in which he has kept up the
cry it is not strange if he has been
understood by some as advocating an
indiscriminate launching into the busi-
ness on a wholesale scale bv all and
sundry. The following from The Bee-
Keepers' Review, will show that such
a view is erroneous :

"While the Review believes in and
advocates specialty, it recognizes the
fact that not every bee-keeper is in posi-
tion to take advantage of it. To il-
lustrate: .A letter was recently received
that read something as follows :

'You write so convincingly of spec-
ialty that I am sometimes almost tempt-
ed to adopt it, but I have a family of
5 children to support, and I dare not
take the risk of abandoning my regular
occupation for that of bee-keeping as
my sole occupation. .\t present I have
only 12 colonies.'

"This man would be the last one that
the Review would advise to engage in
bee-keeping as specialty. It would be
almost as sensible to advise him to en-
gage in the practice of medicine. A
man whose experience is limited to
what he has acquired in a year or two
with only 12 colonies of bees is in no
position to go into the business as a
specialist. Bee-keeping is a profession
that must be learned, the same as any
other, before it can be followed ex-
tensively and exclusively. The men
whom I advise to make of bee-keeping
an exclusive business are those who

American ^ae Journal

December, 1907.

have learned it from A to Z, but con-
tinue, year after year, to fuss along with
a single apiary of 75 or 100 colonies,
lacking the confidence, or the 'nerve,'
to drop some other business that is
holding them back, and double their
profits by enlarging their bee-business
to the extent of their abilities."

Where to Put a Caged Queen

Some practise caging a laying queen
for a time in the hive, so that no eggs
shall be laid while she is thus caged.
Little or nothing has ever been said as
to any difference resulting from caging
the queen in different parts of the hive,
but according to G. M. Doolittle it
makes a very material difference where
she is caged. He says in Gleanings:
"I find that, when she is at this point,
the bees as a rule work right along the
same, or nearly so, as they would if
the queen had her liberty. In other
words, when I cage a queen and put
the cage near the top of the brood-
chamber the bees seem to feel as if they
were queenless, start queen-cells at
once, or as soon as they would if the
queen were taken from the hive, and
lack in energy about working, very
much the same as a queenless colony
does. But cage her near the entrance,
at the bottom of the hive, and work
goes right along, often without any
queen-cells being started at all."

The Two-Queen Plan

In Gleanings for Nov. 15, a good deal
is said about having more than one
queen in a hive, but the talk seems to
be altnost altogether about queens sepa-
rated by excluder zinc. This seems a
great disappointment to those who had
hoped that, like E. W. Alexander, they
could have two or more queens peace-
fully working side by side with no sort
of separation. If queens must be kept
apart, two in a hive will be little if
any better than the Wells plan, about
which so much was said a few years
ago, especially in England, but about
which almost nothing is said at the pres-
ent time. In the Wells plan, the two
colonies are separated by a perforated
wooden partition.

One man reports that he can keep a
young queen in the same hive with one
or more old queens, but the attempt to
keep more than one young queen in the
same hive has always been a failure.
"How old a queen must be before she
will dwell in peace with a younger
queen is still an unsolved problem.

While we may still hope that good
may come from the plan, there is no
denying that the prospect does not look
as bright as it did.

Study the Subject of Bee-Keeping

The editor of The Irish Bee Journal
says:

'^ur correspondence during the past
few months shows that the number of
bee-keepers who know little or nothing
of their business, is not small, cither
here or in Great Britain. We strongly
advise all such to devote some time to
study during the winter months. A
good guide, a volume or two of a re-

liable bee-periodical, will well repay the
cost if carefully read. Naturally we recom-
mend the 'Irish Bee Guide,' and the
Irish Bee Journal for the purpose, not
only because we believe in them our-
selves, but also because hundreds of
experienced bee-keepers have testified
that the two publications named are
hard to beat. Whatever the book or
the paper to be selected, we think it
safe to say that any bee-keeper who is
not sufficiently interested in the sub-
ject to read it up, would be wiser to
go out of the business altogether."

To all of which we give a hearty
"Amen," even to endorsing the book
and periodical mentioned, and also mak-
ing application of the general sentiment
to American bee-keepers; and would
especially commend a careful reading
of the last sentence of the clipping by
any one who is yet without both a book
and a paper about bees. Of course "in
this locality," the American Bee Jour-
nal is supposed to be an excellent pub-
lication, but if you think you can find
something better you have our gracious
permission so to do; only be sure to
get some book and some paper, and
spend some time during the winter in
reading up so as to be an intelligent
bee-keeper, if you are not already in
that class.

Reading Bee-Literature

The time for reading up on bee-litera-
ture will soon be here. What with the
bee-papers and many good bee-books,
there is no reasonable excuse for every-
bodj-, who desires, not knowing a great
deal about bees and their cure — theoret-
ically, at least.

The advice is given, that of the two^ —
the bee-papers and bee-books — the book
is the first that should be read by the
beginner, and that is good advice, too.
Of course, we say, get both book and
paper. For $1.50 or $1.75 the very best
bee-book can be had with the Ameri-
can Bee Journal a whole year. Surely
it must be a very small business that
would not warrant an outlay of less
than $2.00 for the best obtainable in-
formation concerning it.

In these days of strenuous competi-
tion, a man or woman needs to know
all that it is possible to know about any
business in which he or she embarks.
And so one must invest in some good
literature relating to the work which he
expects to do.

Parcels Post in the United States

Just now there is a revival of interest
in this matter from the fact that the
Post Master General is championing a
movement in the direction of greater
facilities for sending through the mail
articles of merchandise. Americans are
somewhat given to consider themselves
as in the van of progress, but so far
as cheap carriage through the mails is
concerned, or indeed So far as its car-
riage in any way in small parcels is
concerned, they are sadly in the rear.

Is there not something wrong with
post-office regulations that allow a
package to be sent to Germany for less
money than required to take it 5 miles
to the next post-office? In the British
Bee Journal, W. J. Farmer reports

what he considers a postal curiosity, ow-
ing to regulations on this side. He
mailed 3 pounds of honey at his local
post-office to be sent to America, pay-
ing 50 cents thereon as postage. A few
days later he received notice from the
postmaster at Liverpool, saying that al-
though the package might be sent to any
part of Great Britain, honey was not
allowed in the mail to the U. S., but
if he would send 75 cents more the pack-
age would be sent by a semi-official
company. He promptly sent the ad-
ditional 75 cents, and was surprised a
few days later to have it returned to
him with the information that the 3
pounds of honey would be sent for the
50 cents paid at the beginning, because
they had discovered that it was comb
honey and not extracted honey put up
in a tin can!

The Post-Master General has the best
wishes of the people, but whether he
can accomplish anything is somewhat
problematical so long as the [j. S. Sen-
ate is controlled by the express com-
panies rather than by the people.

An Invitation to Readers

As the time of longer evenings is
again arriving, we would like to invite
our readers to send in their reports of
the season of 1907 with the bees.

It may be, also, that some have been
trying experiments, or have had some
things to develop that would be of in-
terest to all. If so, we would like to
have such write out their experiences
for publication, and send tliem in. No
doubt what you have read in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal has been a great help
to you, so why not you add your mite
to the general fund of information about
bees?

It may often happen that your way
of doing things may seem very simple
to you and of not sufficient importance
to describe in print. And yet, such
may be of great interest and help to
others. Why not let us have it for the
columns of the old American Bee Jour-
nal?

World's Pure Food Show

This great exposition opened Nov. 16
and continued up to and including the
23d. As previously announced the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Association had an
exhibit of honey which was in charge
of General ^lanager France. It was a
most excellent display, containing hon-
ey from some 15 States and 5 foreign
countries, all arranged in artistic form.
It was a great attraction, and should
help to popularize the use of honey, as
there were visitors from all over this
country.

We expect to have more to say about
it next month, as the show is still in
operation while we are writing this
item.

The Illinois State Convention

This was held in Springfield, 111., Nov.
19 and 20. The attendance was fully
as large as in any year for some time.
We had the pleasure of attending also.
It was a good meeting. The report
will be published in pamphlet form and
mailed to the members. One of the

Dcci.inber, 1907.

743

American l^ee JonrnaJj

most important subjects discussed was
that of securing for Illinois a foul-brood
law similar to that of Wisconsin.

The election of officers for the en-
suing year resulted as follows: Presi-
dent, J. Q. Smith, of Lincoln, 1st Vice-
Pres., G. VV. Cave, of Kirkwood ; 2d, W.
H. Hyde, of New Canton ; 3d, A. L.
Kildow, of Putnam; 4th, S. N. Black, of
Clayton; and 5th, C. P. Dadant, of
Hamilton. Secretary, Jas. A. Stone, Rt.
4, Springfield. Treasurer, Chas. Beck-
er, Pleasant Plains.

We are told that the Illinois Bee-
Keepers' Association is the largest of
all the State bee-keepers' organizations.
Illinois also has the largest number of
members of any State in the National
Association. But the memberships in

both organizations should be greatly in-
creased in Illinois. The annual dues of
$1.00 will pay for one year in both the
State and the National. Send the dol-
lar to the Secretary Jas. A. Stone, Rt.4,
Springfield, 111., and he will forward
one-half the amount to the National.
You will then receive a receipt from
both associations. Of course this is
meant for our Illinois readers. We
wish that every bee-keeper in the State
were a member of the two organiza-
tions. It is a good time to join if not
now a member.

Naturally, being located in Illinois,
we have considerable pride in seeing
this State lead; and yet we would re-
joice to see every State advance all
along the line in everything apiarian.

iscellaneou^
He cos - If ems

Index for 1907

In this number appears the annual in-
dex for 1907. It shows what a great
variety of topics have been considered
during only one short year, in the
American Bee Journal. To all who have
preserved their copies as received, the
inde.x will be of great value for refer-
ence. It is a very complete index, as
will be found on examination.

Canadian Bee Journal Changes

W"ith the October number of the Ca-
nadian Bee Journal, now in its 15th
year, come some notable changes. It
has been sold to James J. Hurley, of
the Hurley Printing Co., a practical
printer and enthusiastic keeper of bees,
a combination which ought to fit him
out well as editor and publisher. The
publication has no longer any connection
with the bee-supply business, and has
been increased to 40 pages. Success to
it and its new editor.

An Old Apiary in California

The apiary shown on first page was
established originally in 1865 by A. D.
Pryal, as mentioned elsewhere in this
issue. It is located at the base of the
hills near the southern boundary line
of the city of Berkeley, Calif., and lies
directly opposite San Francisco. It was
never conducted as a large commercial
apiary, as is so often the case in that
State; rather it has been a home bee-
yard, furnishing delicious honey for a
large family. In years of a good honey-
flow the surplus has been disposed of at
a fair profit, thus augmenting the pro-
ceeds of the place, which has been main-
ly run as an orchard and small fruit
ranch.

In 1876, Mr. Pryal turned the apiary
over to his son, William A., who has

continued to care for it ever since.
None of the original hives are in use,
though some portions of them have been
utilized in the construction of some of
the hives shown in the half-tone.

As may be noted, the photograph was
made in the winter, and shows the way
bees are usually wintered in California.
Sometimes the supers are removed at
the approach of winter; at other times
they are not. It is found that with good,
strong colonies it is easier and cheaper
to protect the combs from moth-worms,
etc., by leaving them on the hives, rath-
er than by removing them and storing
them in the honey-house, or other place.

The trees shown are cherry, English
walnut, apricot and oranges, the latter
being the dark masses in the middle at

the right.

••■

Japanese Bees

In TApieulture Nouvelle, is given an
account of Japanese bees. They are
much like Italians, although a little
smaller. Only a single colony had been
seen by the correspondent, but that
showed a very peculiar trait. The en-
trance guards acted also as ventilators,
zvith their heads loivard the entrance.
Was that a freak performance of the oc-
casion, or is it the rule with bees of

Japan ?

■•-

Uncapping-Fork

For uncapping purposes there has
been in use in Europe for some time an
implement that has been so highly
praised that one has wondered why such
a good thing has not been introduced
into this country. In appearance it re-
minds one just a little of the clippers
used to shear horses, or the smaller
clippers used by barbers, if one may
judge from the illustrations. An arti-
cle by C. P. Dadant in I'Apiculture Nou-
velle, gives good evidence that he has

given the implement a pretty tliorough
trial, and one who reads the article is
hardly likely to care for any further trial.
To mention no others, one objection is
that instead of making a clean cutting of
the cappings, there is little more than a

scratching, leaving the ciiiiiugs partly
attached to the comb, to be thrown
away by the bees, some of the small
particles of wax clogging the screen of
the extractor, or falling in the honey —
a real loss of value in wax.

But perhaps others have found the
imcapping-fork shown herewith to be
of value to them.

Bee-Keeping in Australia and Here

Upon reading reports from Australia,
some have cast longing looks in that
direction. That some longing looks are
directed in the opposite direction is
shown by the following w-ail in the Aus-
tralian Bee Bulletin:

"Would not it be nice if Australian
bee-keepers had the beautiful clover-
fields of Great Britain and North Amer-
ica, suitable for grazing as well as bee-
keeping? When- the honey-trees are
cleared away to make wheat-fields,
good-bv to bees."

Bees Attack Passengers

Mr. H. W. Gander, of Pennsylvania,
clipped the following "special" from the
Philadelphia -Record of Nov. 7 :

"A swarm of bees escaped from a
hive that was being loaded on a train
at Tyrone to-day, and attempted to set-
tle on the waiting passengers, causing a
panic and a dash for cover.

"The bees then tried to get in the
train in a body; but the passengers
quickly closed the windows, while the
trainmen, with overcoats over their
heads, kept many of them away from
the doors.

"A number of persons were stung,
and the swarm was later captured and

sent west."

■♦^

"The Golden Bee"— Wonderful!

Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City,
Iowa, sends us the following regarding
a newspaper clipping which he also en-
closed, the clipping being dated Oct. 18,
1907, and taken from the Iowa State
Register and Farmer :

De.mi Mr. York : — Am I so far behind
the times that I haven't heard of the
"Golden bee" and its propagation — or
evolution — as described in the enclosed
clipping from the "Iowa State Register
and Farmer?" I must confess that I
haven't read of this $25 to $100 bee.

I'm not criticising the editor, who is a
good friend of mine, but just wonder-
ing where the wonder is advertised.
That's just the bee I should have had
this year — one that would have given
me 185 pounds of honey, regardless of
the weather I I want her bad. I've a

American ?ae Journal

notion to advertise in your "want" col-
umn.

Yours in need of honey,

Eugene Secor.

The clipping referred to reads thus:
"The Golden Bee."

"A subscriber from Story county
writes: 'I have been reading about the
golden honey-bee, and I have been try-
ing to know more about it." Will you
give through the columns of the Regis-
ter and Farmer some information of
this variety of honey-bee?'

"The golden bee was evolved from
the Italian bee, which was the lightest
of any in coloring. A number were im-
ported to this country some years ago
and the experiment of producing the
really golden creature was begun. The
Italian bees were kept apart from others
and a careful process of selection was
inaugurated. Careful w-atch was kept,
and when the queens were born the
lightest-colored one was isolated. She
was then introduced into a hive, from
which she was sent out to mate. When
she returned and began laying eggs the
vigil was all the more closely kept.
Day after day the bees were visited,
and when the young queens emerged
from their cells the lightest colored was
often selected and isolated.

"This process was repeated over and
over again during a summer, and then
for summer after summer years went
on and the experimenting apiculturist
saw his bees losing the leathery bands
which encircled them, and assuming a
lighter color.

"The golden bee is actually golden
and is one of the rarest of bees, and it
is as gentle as it is beautiful. So rarely
does it sting that it has been called the
'non-stinging bee.' It may be handled
almost with impunity. Furthermore, it
is an amazing producer of honey, one
hive having collected annually about 185
pounds of the golden sweet. As 'to the
value of the queen, they sell at prices
ranging from $25 to $100 apiece."

This is truly wonderful! And to think
that bee-keepers didn't know about it in
time to get i8s pounds per colony the
past poor honey season ! Well, there
are more seasons coming so there will
be time yet to invest "$25 to $100 apiece"
for a few queens that turn out the gold-
en bees that produce the gold through
their honey !

"Langstroth on the Honey-Bee"

One of our readers wrote us as fol-
lows recently about this bee-book, orig-
inally written by Rev. L. L. Langstroth,
the Father of American bee-keeping:

Editor York : — The book,"Langstroth
on the Honey-Bee," which you sent me,
arrived all O. K., and after reading it
over I must say I am exceedingly well
pleased with it. I could not, had I been
there, with all the books before me, suit-
ed myself better. The book is so inter-
estingly written, and the instructions
are so plain, that one as little versed
in bee-culture as I, can not help but un-
derstand. And with what a difference
I now read the bee-papers, for I now
understand what they are talking about.

Is it not wonderful, how Mr. C. P.
Dadant quotes from old writers, what

they say on certain subjects, and then
what Mr. Dadant has seen, all brought
down so nicely? I don't see how a bet-
ter book for the beginner could be writ-
ten.

Now allow me to thank you cordially
for the interest you have shown.

T. T. Armstrong.

Hiawatha, Kans., Nov. 20.

The book referred to by Mr. Arm-
strong certainly is a valuable one. It
contains over 500 pages, and was re-
vised this very year, so it is fully up-to-
date. We mail it for $1.20, or with the
American Bee Journal one year — both
for only $1.45. No mistake will be made
by any one who gets this book.

Wedding Bells in Missouri

Oct. 31, 1907, Mr. John C. Stewart,
of Hopkins, Mo., and Mrs. Henrietta
Larch (widow of the late Dr. Larch,
of Savannah, Mo.) were married. Mrs.
Larch was a popular lady where she
lived, and owned a i6o-acre farm, on
which is a $500 bee-house, excellent or-
chard, etc. Mr. Stewart is one of Mis-
souri's best-known bee-keepers. Our
congratulations are hereby extended to
the happy couple.

The Chicago-Northwestern Conven-
tion

By the time this copy of the American
Bee Journal is in the hands of its read-
ers another annual convention of the
Chicago-Northwestern will have been
held. At this time (Nov. 23) the pros-
pects are for a splendid meeting. We
hope it may be such. Next month we
hope to be able to give a good report
of it in these columns.

The Michigan Convention

The Michigan Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion will hold its annual meeting at
Saginaw, the first session being on Wed-
nesday evening, Dec. 18 and the last one
on Friday afternoon the 20th.

Headquarters will be at the Sherman
House, at which the special rate of $1.50
per day has been secured.

Among the speakers will be R. F.
Holtermann, of Brantford, Ont. ; L. A.
Aspinwall, of Jackson, Mich.; E. D.
Townsend, Remus, Mich.; W. J. Man-
ley, Sandusky, Mich. ; and W. Z. Hutch-
inson, of Flint, Wtch.

An exhibit of honey and wax will be
made, and premiums are as follows :

Best single section of comb honey-
one Advance Bee- Veil.

Best 6 sections of comb honey — 500
Lewis sections.

Best S pounds of beeswax — one Hil-
ton hive.

Best 5 pounds of extracted honey —
Choice of one year's subscription to the
Bee-Keepers' Review, or a copy of "Ad-
vanced Bee Culture."

Best suggestions or plan offered to
increase the membership to Association.
Same to be in writing and not more
than 150 words — one copy de luxe edi-
tion of the "A B C of Bee Culture."

For further information, write to the
Secretary, Elmore M. Hunt, of Red-
ford, Mich.

Tennessee Fair Apiarian Premiums

The Tennessee State Fair held the
last week in September at Nashville,
was a decided success, in every respect,
ancl was universally pronounced the
greatest Fair ever held in the South.

In the Apiary Department there were
some fine displays of comb and extract-
ed honey, wax, bees, implements, etc.
Mr. Leslie Martin gave a daily live-bee
demonstration in a wire cage, and this
feature attracted a great deal of atten-
tion, as it was something new here.
The following awards were made :

Best 10 pounds extracted honey— 1st,
J. M. Davis, of Spring Hill; 2d, J. M.
Buchanan, of Franklin; 3d, Chip Hen-
derson, of Murfreesboro.

Display of extracted honey — 1st, J. M.
Davis.

Best case of comb honey — ist, J. M.
Buchanan; 2d, E. B. Buchanan, of
Franklin; 3d, Ira Moore, of Nashville.

Display of comb honey — 1st, J. M.
Buchanan.

Display of beeswax— 1st, J. M. Buch-
anan; 2d, Mrs. W. M. Joseph, of Nash-
ville.

Nucleus of dark Italian bees — ist,J.M.
Davis; 2d, J. M. Buchanan; 3d, Leslie
Martin, of Lebanon.

Nucleus of golden Italian bees — ist,
J. M. Davis; 2d, Mrs. W. M. Joseph.

Nucleus of Caucasian bees — 1st, Les-
he Martin; 2d, J. M. Davis; 3d, J. M.
Buchanan.

Nucleus of Carniolan bees— ist, J. M.
Davis.

Best display of bees, bee-products, im-
plements, etc.— 1st, J. M. Davis; 2d,
J. M. Buchanan; 3d, Mrs. W. M. Jo-
seph.

Mr. Fred W. Muth, of Cincinnati, was
the Judge in this department.

J. M. Buchanan, Supt.

"Gus Dittmer Company"

Beginning with Nov. 29, 1907, the
business conducted for so many years
by Gus Dittmer, of Augusta, Wis., will
be run under the name of "Gus Dittmer
Company," which was recently incor-
porated under the laws of Wisconsin,
with a capital stock of $20,000. Gus
Dittmer is the president and treasurer;
Mrs. Jennie Dittmer, vice-president;
and Fred M. Dittmer, secretary. This
is a wise move, and we trust that the
Gus Dittmer Company may continue to
be even more successful than was its
predecessor.

Result of the National Election

The following were elected last
month as officers and directors of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association:

President— Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont,
Mich.

Vice - President — George W. York,
Chicago, 111.

Secretary— W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint,
Mich.

General Manager and Treasurer — N.
E. France, Platteville, Wis.

Directors— (in place of three expir-
ing)— Wm. McEvoy, Woodburn, Ont. :
E. W. Alexander, Delanson, N. Y. ; and
R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Colo.

December, 1907.

^aas^ '<(

American "Bee Jonrnal

Conducted by J. L. BYER, Mount Joy, Ont,

Report of the Ontario Convention.

The Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion met according to program, in To-
ronto, on Nov. 13, 14, and 15, 1907.
Despite the fact of the bee-keepers
having gassed through a poor season,
the attefldance was good, and intense
interest was manifested throughout the
different sessions.

The Vice-President's Address.

In the absence of Pres. R. H. Smith,
Vice-Pres. Miller occupied the chair.
Mr. Miller makes a good presiding offi-
cer, and during the different meetings
conducted the proceedings with tact and
courtesy, to the satisfaction of all pres-
ent. In his address he referred to the
short crops, but thought that the pres-
ent high prices would in a measure
make up the deficit. Specialist bee-keep-
ers should look upon their calling as a
dignified one, and should aim to place
the business upon a higher level.

He referred to the fact that the Min-
ister of Agriculture for Ontario — Hon.
Nelson Monteith — was ever ready to
help along towards this desired end, and
that as bee-keepers, we owed his De-
partment a debt of gratitude for help al-
ready received.

The new system of having 6 inspec-
tors instead of one, he believed to have
been entirely satisfactory, and the
closer union of the Association with the
Department of Agriculture, by having
Mr. Hodgetts of the Department, as
Secretary of the Association, had proved
to be a decided advantage to all con-
cerned.

As regards the prospects for the fu-
ture of bee-keeping, the speaker regard-
ed them as being very bright. The
population of Canada, particularly in
the West, was increasing at an enor-
mous rate, and for some years at least
we would not need an export market,
as the home trade would take all the
honey we could produce.

Mr. Couse, in the discussion that fol-
lowed the President's address, endorsed
all that had been said, and referred to
the fact that better honey was being
produced than was the case some years
ago; in fact, "no better honey was pro-
duced in the world than the product of
Ontario apiaries." This desirable state
of affairs had largely been brought about
by the good work of the Ontario Bee-
Keepers' Association. The honey indus-
try is a profitable one in many ways,
as the success of the clover, fruit-grow-
ing, and other industries were largely
dependent upon the bees.

Distribution of Honey.

W. A. Chrysler, of Chatham, read a
paper on "Distribution of Honey." The
speaker had lately arrived home from
a trip through the Northwest, and from
observations there, relative to the hon-
ey market, he was more than ever con-
vinced of the advantages of co-opera-
tion among bee-keepers for the hand-
ling of their product. Mr. Chrysler
lives in a locality where co-operation has
lifted the fruit-growing industry out of
the rut and placed it on a highly prof-
itable basis and it is only natural that
he should be an enthusiast on this sys-
tem of marketing. While nearly all
were in favor of the idea, yet some
thought that it was not likely that much
would be done along that line as long
as the production was limited, and prices
as high as at present. In other words,
history would repeat itself, and, like the
fruit-growers, dairy-men, and others,
the bee-keepers would not be actively
concerned about co-operation until act-
ually forced as a matter of protection
to do so. However, a committee was
appointed to look into the subject and
report at the next annual meeting.

The President thought it good policy
to send some honey to the Western
Province even in poor years, in order
to hold the trade for years when there
was more honey to be disposed of. This
year, although all the honey produced
could have been disposed of easily in
Ontario, yet the Middlesex County As-
sociation had shipped part of their crop
West, with good returns.

Price of Good Honey.

At this stage of the meeting a discus-
sion arose as to what good honey should
be sold for. The view entertained by
some that extracted honey should retail
for IS cents, was in the judgment of
some members a little too high in years
of good crops, as there was a danger of
foreign honey being shipped in. Even
this year, in the early part of the sea-
son, an offer was made from Colorado
to lay down alfalfa honey in Toronto
at 10^ cents; and honey from Jamaica,
for manufacturing purposes, was offered
at a surprisingly low figure. It was
thought easier to keep foreign honey
out than to oust it after having once
gained admission to our markets.

Mr. Storer, of Lindsey, who had late-
ly returned from Scotland, spoke of see-
ing 1200 acres of raspberries near one
small town, and the entire product was
sold under the co-operative system to
the complete satisfaction of the grow-
ers.

Mr. Hodgetts, Secretary of the Onta-

rio Bee-Keepers' Association, at the in-
vitation of the President, also spoke
along the lines of co-operation. I-'rom
his connection with the fruit-growers'
association he had intimate knowledge
of its workings, and he had no hesita-
tion in saying that the system had been
a huge success with the members of that
body. While the bee-kecpcrs of Onta-
rio might not be ripe for co-operation,
yet he saw no reasons why it would not
work out satisfactorily if given a trial.
■ The Honey Exchange Committee
came in for a good deal of praise for the
good work done, the only difference of
opinion among members present being
that some thought the report should be
sent out earlier than was the case last
year. It was pointed out that the re-
ports covered a large territory, and, all
things considered, it was hardly possi-
ble to get out a fairly accurate estimate
of crop conditions much earlier than
has been the case in past years.

Requeening Colonies.

In answer to the question, "When
shall we requeen?" Mr. McEvoy said
more requeening should be done; that
some queens were good at 4 and 5
years old is no argument against the
advisability of requeening. Some horses
are good at 17 years, but more at 7;
some men at 70, but more at 17. The
same principle applied to queens.

Mr. Holtermann wished to refute the
idea that a queen lays a given number
of eggs and then dies; that the princi-
ple is contrary to all animal nature,
poor wintering and other causes largely
determining how long a queen shall be
prolific.

Mr. Dickensen would requeen every
2 years, but the majority of the mem-
bers would prefer to requeen whenever
a poor queen was noticed, rather than
practise a wholesale method, perhaps of-
ten destroying some better queens than
their successors would prove to be.

Wax-Presses.

Relative to a question on wax-presses,
those who had tried the Hershiser ad-
mitted that while more wax could be ob-
tained, yet the quality was not so good
as that taken with the Hatch-Gemmill
press. Later on during the convention,
Mr. Sibbald by means of a model, ex-
plained the workings of a press (one
member called it a cross between the
Gemmill and Hershiser presses) which
he thought superior to either the Hatch-
Gemmill or Hershiser. (Cuts of this
press with Mr. Sibbald's explanations
will appear in the printed annual report
of the convention.)

Foul-Brood.

Miss Trevorrow, of Meadowvale, read
a paper on "Foul Brood." She had no
practical knowledge of the disease, and
her paper (an admirable one) was large-
ly along the lines of prevention rather
than cure. Carefulness and neatness in
the apiary was touched upon as well as
the necessity of using the wax-press
freely to melt up all old combs. The in-
spectors had many difliculties beyond their
control to contend with, and it was de-
cidedly necessary that bee-keepers should
heartily co-operate with the inspectors
if the dread disease is to be eradicated.

I

American ^ae Journal

December, 1907.

Miss Trevorrovv is a highly successful
bee-keeper, and is thoroughly informed
in all lines of the pursuit. A hearty vote
of thanks was accorded her for the ex-
cellent paper presented.

Extracted Honey Pkoduction.

To the disappointment of all pres-
ent, Mr. Alexander, owing to ill health,
was not able to attend the convention.
However, a paper prepared by him was
read by Mr. Sibbald. Mr. Alexander
recommended the radical course of ex-
tracting the honey from the brood-nest
and feeding back, during the early part
of the honey-flow. A great difiference
of opinion was expressed in the discus-
sion that followed, and while a few en-
dorsed the idea, the majority would not
practise it. All were agreed that it was
advisable to get as much brood as pos-
sible in the brood-nest previous to the
honey-flow, yet the work and risk in-
volved in Mr. Alexander's system was
thought to be too great.

In connection with Mr. Alexander's
present position of stripping the brood-
nest of practically all the honey, it is
interesting to compare the stand taken
by him a little over a year ago on this
question. In answer to a questioner as
to how to avoid having light colonies in
the fall, Mr. Alexander stated in Glean-
ings, Jan. I, 1906 issue, that they for-
merly had this trouble to contend with,
and he gave the following advice :

"In order to avoid light colonies in
the fall, let your bees fill up their hives
with the first honey of the season, and
see that they have plenty of it capped
over before you put on your extracting
supers."

His present position makes it clear
that he wants little honey in the brood-
nest, and it is hard to understand what
he really meant in the quotation I have
given. Certainly in the majority of lo-
calities, if his advice were followed, vast
apiaries would be badly demoralized by
swarming, if supering were delayed so
long.

CoMB-HoNEY Production.

Mr. S. D. House, of New York, gave
what was conceded by all to be one of
the best addresses ever listened to by
the Association. His talk was much on
the same lines as at Brantford last year,
and was business from start to finish.
His methods of using the divisible
brood-chamber in the production of
comb honey (the theme of his address)
were explained in a very lucid way to
the delight of all present, and at least
a few members were "almost persuad-
ed" to adopt a hive along the lines of
the one used by Mr. House.

Foul Brood and Black Brood.

The 6 inspectors of apiaries §pve their
reports, and out of some 400 apiaries
visited, about 50 percent were fou",d to
be diseased. Of course, this represents
apiaries where disease was suspected,
and the percentage of diseased colonies
throughout the Province is by no means
as large as the figures would indicate.
Some black brood was discovered, and
those who had had experience with it
dreaded the disease more than the ordi-
nary foul brood.

Resolution? were passed asking that
Quebec Province enact a foul brood law,
and that the management of the differ-
ent fairs at Toronto, London, Ottawa,
and other cities, give demonstrations in
methods of bee-keeping and honey-pro-
duction, descriptions and illustrations of
the natural history of the bee, etc.

The following officers were elected for
the ensuing year : President, F. J. Mil-
ler, of London, Ont. ; Vice-President,
W. Couse, of Streetsville; Secretary, P.
W. Hodgetts, Parliament Bldg., To-
ronto; Treasurer, Martin Emigh, of
Holbrook, Ont.

The next place of meeting is Toronto.

Dur
'Bee -Keepind^^l^

J

Conducted by EMMA M. WILSON. Marengo, 111.

When to Cellar the Bees."

The time to take bees into the cellar
is always a catchy problem. Last year
ours were taken in Nov. 19th. But they
had no good flight after the loth, and it
would have been much better if they
had been carried in then, as 9 days of
confinement outside in freezing weather
with no chance to fly afterward is per-
haps harder on them than three times
as long in the cellar. If they could have
had a flight by staying out a week or
two longer, it would have been better to
have left them out. But how can one
tell in advance? As a matter of fact,
there was no weather warm enough for
further flight, so it was well they were
not left out later.

This year, again, bees flew pretty well
up to November 10, and then came cold
weather, the thermometer going down
once as low as 11 degrees above zero.
A week of this weather made us quite
uneasy, and it was a question whether it
were better to run any further risk, or
to take the bees in without waiting for
another flight. Fortunately, just about the
time we had nearly decided to take them
in, the weather-man was obliging enough
to send us a brand of weather to make
our hearts glad. Nov. 18 the thermom-
eter went up to 53 degrees, and the bees
had a glorious flight. That was yester-
day, and they would have gone in to'day
only it's too warm ; but the first day that
it is cold enough, in they go.

Feeding Bees through a Sponge.

The following is given by Mary E.
Akers, in Gleanings in Bee Culture:

"When bees are confined in a cage or
box the under side of which is of wire-
cloth, they can be fed (as some have
already suggested) with honey as long
as their tongues can reach it. My way
is to fill the receptacle with syrup; press
a sponge down in it, and all the syrup
will be appropriated — you would be sur-
prised to see in how short a time, as the
sponge presses against the wire, and the
weight of the bee-box of whatever kind
holds it down. It works finely."

Now, isn't that bright? And a wom-

an at that. But why confine that kind
of a feeder to bees confined in a box?
If a sponge sucked out at the top will
empty feed out of a dish in which it is
placed, the device may be used for feed-
ing bees not confined, and the feeder
may be placed in a hive or out in the
open.

Take a box of convenient size and
have a cover of wire-cloth that may be
fastened on. Put in the box a dish to
hold the feed, the dish being nearly or
quite as deep as the inside of the box.
Put in the feed a sponge of such size
that when filled it will be deeper than
the dish, but will be kept down in place
when the wire cloth cover is fastened
down. Now, why wouldn't that make a
good feeder?

Confection of Tomatoes and Honey

Boil the tomatoes and pass them
through a fine sieve. Add twice the
weight of honey, skim well, and when
the confection is almost done, add
lemon.

Section - Honey in a Bee - Tree —
Honey One Bee Gathers in Its
Lifetime.

Dear Miss Wilson: — I've just re-
ceived and read the last American Bee
Journal (No. 30), which in many ways
is of especial interest to me. Those two
women^one in England and one in Af-
frica — who had swarms alight on their
heads were pretty brave, and had their
nerves under remarkable control. They
were certainly in great danger of death
connected with frightful suffering.

You may be "interested in hearing
about a novel sort of a bee-hive that
the poet, Mr. Dodge, has on his place
at Morristown, N. J. A swarm some
years since made their home in the hol-
low trunk of a beautiful old tree near
the house, and the bees have remained
there and thrived to the great enjoy-
ment of the Dodges, who, in the early
days of their sojourn, fed them sugar
generously, as one inducement to per-
manent occupancy. The first year there
was no surplus honey obtained, but the

December, 1907.

747

American ~Bee Journalj^^

next spring our poet li id a doorway
cut in the tree above Ihiir brood and
storage. Tlirough this h inserted some
pound section frames or iioxes, and the
bees filled them with hoiKv. ILvery year
since, the bees in this way have kept
the family supplied with a very fine
grade of comb honey. This is a true
story, and well authenticated.

Mr. Dodge is much interested in bees,
and reads very widely about their ways.
He has somewhere found, as he believes,
the reliable statement that a bee furnish-
es in its lifetime just one single table-
spoonful of honey. In other words, the
limit of the life-work of a bee is a ta-
blespoonful of honey.

I, myself, do not quite see how these
figures are reached. There is such a
difference in localities and in seasons as
to the honey crops, and also such a dif-
ference in bees, that it seems as if ac-
curacy in averaging up would be an ex-
tremely difficult task.

I would greatly enjoy hearing from
you on this subject.

Frances E. WHEELEn.

Chazy, N. Y.

There is nothing new about bees hav-
ing a home in a tree. Plenty of people
have had bees in trees, and they are not
poets, either. But this is probably the
first case on record where section-boxes
were given to bees in a tree, and the
idea seems as poetical as novel.

You are right that it would be an ex-
tremely difficult task to make anything
like an accurate estimate of the amount
of honey that may be considered the
life-work of a bee to gather, there are
such varying factors in the problem.
Take a bee that is born so late in the
season that all gathering ceases just as
it becomes old enough to be a fielder,
although it has spent its 16 days at work
in the hive. The next spring it com-
mences at housework again, using the
honey stored by other bees for its own
use and to feed the babies, and it may
never gather any.

But the problem is an interesting one,
and there may be no harm in taking
average conditions and doing some little
figuring to see whether there is justifi-
cation for a spoonful to a bee. As most
of the data we have with regard to the
storing of honey are in pounds and
ounces, -the first thing is to know the
weight of a tablespoonful of honey.
If honey is thick enough, half a pound
or more may be lifted at once with a
spoon, but what is meant is probably an
even, not a heaping, tablespoonful. To
obtain this a half-pound of honey in a
bowl was put into a small kettle of
water and set over the fire until the
honey became nearly as thin as water.
Then it was measured with an ordinary
tablespoon, and there were just 12
spoonfuls, or 24 spoonfuls to the pound.
It's worth something to know that,
isn't it? That makes a spoonful 2-3 of
an ounce.

Take a good colony in a good season
and suppose it stores 100 pounds of sur-
plus. The amount of honey it will con-
sume for its own use in the course of a
year is variously estimated at 100 to 200
pounds, the higher figure being probably
nearer the mark. Let us call it 200,

and adding the surplus of lOO pounds to
it we have 300 pounds as the year's
gathering. If there arc 24 spoonfuls to
the pound, and if each bee. gathers a
spoonful, then it will take 24 bees to
gather a pound, and to gather 300
pounds will take 300 times 24, or 7,200
bees. But we know well that in a col-
ony strong enough to lay up a surplus
of 100 pounds there will be many more
than 7,200 fielders in the hive at one
time, to say nothing of several genera-
tions of them. Evidently a spoonful to
a bee is an overestimate.

Let us approach the problem from an-
other direction: A strong colony will
gather all the way from nothing up to
S, 10, and in extreme cases 20 pounds a
day. It is perhaps not far out of the
way to say that a very good day's work
for a colony strong enough to have 30,-
000 fielders is 5 pounds. The life of a
bee in the working season is about 6

weeks, or 42 days. The first 16 days it
spends in the hive, leaving 26 days for
field-work. If S pounds is a day's work
for 30,000 bees, in their life-work of
26 days, they would gather 130 pounds,
or 2080 ounces. Divide that 2ofto ounces
among 30,000 bees, and it gives over
1-15 of an ounce, or l-io of a spoon-
ful for each bee. That is likely more
than the average, although many a bee
probably exceeds it.

Even at that it's wonderful to think
of anything like a tenth of a spoonful
being gathered by each bee. Take a
spoonful of honey and look at it, and
think of its being gathered by 10 bees.
Why, the whole 10 could drown in it, so
each bee has gathered enough honey in
which it might drown itself. And yet
of late there has been some talk of
bees being lazy! Any\yay, if they do
spend some time resting, they must
make up for it when they are ai work.

eedomms/?

5^^

Glimpses ot Southwestern ApicuN

ture, and a Sketch of One of

Its Leading Representa-

tives — Louis H. Scholl

BY ARTHUR H. MCCRAY.

Three years ago the writer first met
the subject of this sketch — Louis H.
Scholl — at the Ohio State University.
An acquaintance was formed, which,
like many college acquaintances, was
more abiding than simply during col-
lege life. After Mr. Scholl returned
home from college at Columbus, Ohio,
in the spring of 1905, a correspondence
was kept up, and the writer grew more
and more anxious to see the great State
of Texas, with its people and vast ex-
tent of territory, some of which he cer-
tainly thought must be a bee-keepers'
paradise.

At last a letter came with a message
from the Sunny Southland, which was
irresistible. Such phrases as, "20,000
pounds of honey and scarcely any yet
taken off." "a month's vacation before
going back to college will do you good,"
"I will give you a chance to see some-
thing of Texas," etc. Such alluring and
tempting offers were irresistible, and
the result was that the fall of 1906
found the writer enjoying Southern
hospitality to the full. Frequent long
drives to the dozen and more apiaries
scattered here and there over the gent-
ly rolling slopes of Comal and adjoin-
ing counties will never be forgotten.
The vast extent of mesquite (mee-
skeet) pasture, and the yellow expanse
of broomweed, the acres and acr^s of
cotton, with Mr. Scholl's enthusiastic
remarks, were all-sufficient to make one
for the time being an enthusiastic bee-

S

-'^^^'^^■^-'

keeper, and make him feel like going in-
to large-scale bee-keeping himself, for-
getting all about college duties, and
plans for the future.

Upon learning that Scholl had re-
signed his position at college, and re-
fused a $2,000 offer to go to East Afri-
ca, one can see without difficulty that
here indeed is a man wUose heart and
soul are with Texas, and who believes
in bee-keeping to the full extent, as a
profession. One needs only to hear
Scholl digress on- bee-keeping and its
pleasures to become enthused.

And so the wrif^j^ believes that a few
facts concerning this leader in the South,
such as he was able to glean while
there, will be of general interest, and
perhaps contribute somewhat to giving
"honor to whom honor is due."

The subject of this biographical
sketch, while yet young in years, is old
in experience, and certainly has left an
enviable record behind him already, and
a still more brilliant prospect for the
future can but be his.

Born at Hunter, Tex., October 24,
1880, of German parents, and still re-
siding in Texas and expressing confi-
dence in the resources of the dear old
Lone Star State above all others, our
subject may well be considered one of
her most loj'al sons. It is said of poets
that they are born, not made. The same
can be said with equal truth, and with-
out fear of contradiction, of scientists.
And if the modern inquiring bee-keeper
is not a scientist, who under the sun- is?
The conclusion follows.

Like Langstroth of old, our friend
and devotee of the busy gleaners of the
field, received no encouragement from
his parents, but, in fact, almost every
discouragement possible; and his bees,

December, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

which he had accumulated in his mi-
nority (some 60 colonies) he purchased
to save them from other hands when
he attained his majority. This is ac-
cording to old German custom, that
whatever earnings children may make
before becoming of age belongs to the
parents. He was told that bee-keeping
was no occupation, and that he must
take up some trade. Undaunted, young
Scholl struck out for himself, and we .
behold the young adventurer seeking
his fortune with determination away
from the parental roof.

Mr. Scholl was about 21 years of age
at this time, leaving October, 1901, and
landing in Southwest Te.xas, where he
made a thorough study of bee-keeping
conditions in this bee-paradise. Here
Scholl traveled in the interests of the
Lone Star Apiaries and 'Lone Star
Publishing Co., the "Lone Star Apiar-
ist" being started in January, 1902, with
Mr. Scholl as editor. In the meantime
the position of managing apiarist for the
Hyde Bee Co., liad been accepted. This
Company at that time owned 11 50 col-
onies distributed in several counties.

Taking an active interest in Associa-
tion work, Mr. Scholl, in 1899, was
elected Secretary-Treasurer of the
Texas Bee-Keepers' Association, and
still holds the position. About this time
he began to work for an experimental
apiary, and was a member of a commit-
tee having this matter in charge, and
was himself largely responsible for the
appropriation which was made.

In May, J902, our friend received a
telegram summoning him to the Agri-
cultural and Mechanical College, at Col-
lege Station, Tex., for the purpose of
establishing the above-mentioned ex-
perimental apiary, for which he had so
diligently and earnestly worked. In the
fall of the same year he was sent to
Colorado to study bee-keeping condi-
tions there, particular Vmphasis being
laid on the investigation of foul brood.
After remaining in Colorado for a
month he returned and went again to
Southwest Texas and the Coast region,
to study bee-keeping conditions, and to
work on collections for the entomologi-
cal department of the college.

Mr. Scholl now came home and spent
the winter enlarging his own private
bee-business. At this time he was on
the Legislative Committee which se-
cured the foul brood law for Texas,
and in the spring of 1903 he was ap-
pointed to the position of Apiarist and
Assistant in the Department of Ento-
mology at the Agricultural and Me-
chanical College at College Station. The
work of carrying out the provisions of
the foul brood law was in charge of the
State Entomologist, and the work of
foul brood inspection fell to the Apiarist.
Mr. Scholl was always a believer in or-
ganization, and while here made special
trips to talk organization as well as to
do the work on regulai foul-brood in-
spection trips. Several local bee-keep-
ers' organizations were the direct out-
come of these eflorts.

While in the Department of Ento-
mology a good part of the time was
spent in studying the cotton-boll weevil,
and experiments to determine some
means of exterminating the pest were
conducted. During the stay at College

Station much Farmers' Institute work
was performed by Scholl, and in 1904
he lectured to 42 audiences, the main
topic, of course, being bee-keeping.
Among the topics that of diversilication
of crops was also kept prominently in
the foreground, bee-keeping always be-
ing brought in as one of the means of
diversification.

While connected with the Depart-
-ment at College Station, Mr. Scholl was
selected by a committee composed of
College and Experimental Station of-
ficials, to fill a position under the Ger-
man Government, which, becoming in-
terested in growing cotton in its East
African possessions, was searching for
a trained man to assist them. This
position was one of peculiar difiiculties,
and required a man who coud speak
German ; with a scientific training as
well as versed in practical cotton-grow-
ing; and a considerable knowledge of
economic entomology was also required.
The position paid $3,000 per year, and
Scholl seemed to be the only man avail-
able in the South, and was earnestly
urged 'by his colleagues at College Sta-
tion to accept the offer. After careful
consideration Mr. Scholl felt it his
bounden duty to refuse the offer in ord-
er that he might stay with the cause
that he had espoused, viz., apiculture,
saying that could he have taken Texas
and his bees he would go — showing
again his loyalty to his State and the
cause so dear to him.

In the fall of 1904 Mr. Scholl went to
Ohio State L^niversity and remained
there for 6 months, returning to Texas
in the spring to look after his apiaries.
While at the University Mr. Scholl did
remarkable work, considering his pre-
vious college training, and gained the
esteem and respect of his instructors in
all of his work, much of which was ad-
vanced courses in the natural sciences,
notably botany, keeping in mind always
the honey-yielding quality of the var-
ious plants. During his stay here he
worked on his herbarium of honey-yield-
ing plants, and now has a collection of
some 300 species which is conceded to
be the best collection of its kind to be
found in any State. The plants are, of
course, Texas species. After return-
ing to College Station, work on the
honey-plants was continued, and a com-
pilation of notes also was taken up to
accompany the plants. This matter was
to have been published as a bulletin of
the College, but on account of a recent
change of officials the work has been
delayed. Mr. Scholl resigned his posi-
tion at College Station Dec. i, 1905, in
order that he might go back to his home
in New Braunfels and enlarge and build
up his own private 'bee-business, intend-
ing later to place it in the hands of a
competent manager, and then resume
his studies at the Ohio State University.

June 20, 1906, Mr. Scholl was mar-
ried to one of New Braunfels' favorites
— Miss Emma Froelich — and she was to
accompany him "up North" when he
came to resume his college work at
Columbus, Ohio. At this time a most
unfortunate accident befell Mr. Scholl,
which nearly cost him his life, as no
doubt it would had it not been for the
constant care and nursing of the "little
woman" whom he had taken as help-

mate; and nobly she performed her
part; for the accident was of a serious
nature, a rib being broken over the
heart. Blood-poisoning set in, and Mr.
Scholl had about one chance in a thous-
and. But thanks to medical science and
careful nursing, he is today as active as
ever, after an illness of 5 months, in
which our subject underwent several
severe operations.

This spoiled the plans for the trip
North, but did not cool the ardor for
bee-keeping, and as soon as Mr. Scholl
could get back home and around again,
he could be seen about his bees, in-
creasing his colonies here, buying more
colonies there, and establishing new
apiaries, which, this past summer, when
the writer was with him, numbered 14,
and scattered over the beautiful slopes
of adjoining country here and there, the
nearest apiary being 8 miles, and the
farthest 197 miles from New Braunfels.
Mr. Scholl regards this stretch of terri-
tory as important, in that it gives him
a variety of flora, so that if there is a
failure of the honey crop in one locality,
he may get it in another. His past sea-
son's crop aggregated over 20,000
pounds, worth $2000, and this takes no
account of wax and vinegar. Mr. Scholl
produces both comb honey and extract-
ed. The comb is "bulk comb honey,"
as they call it in the South, which is
simply the comb honey cut from shallow
extracting frames, such as Mr. Scholl
uses, and packed in various-sized cans;
then e.xtracted honey is run in on the
comb which is cut so as to fit snugly
on the inside of whatever sized can is
used. The proportions are 2-3 comb
and 1-3 extracted.

The writer, who, by the way, is a bee-
keeper on only a small scale, keeping
bees for the fun of the thing as much
as anything, and for study, was inclined
to be skeptical in regard to Mr. Scholl's
form of hive. Mr. Scholl uses only one
depth of body for brood-chamber and
super, and one and the same frame for
brood-nest and surplus. Before leaving
Texas a new convert had been gained
for the divisible brood-chamber, and
shallow frames identical for both brood
and surplus. If you want to know the
merits of this, read Scholl's articles. If
they don't convince you, make a pleas-
ure trip to Texas and have Scholl take
you out to one of his apiaries where he
keeps, for just such an occasion, several
full-depth surplus bodies. After you
have "hiked" a half-dozen or so of these
heavy, 'bulky surplus cases out through
the bushes and over the prickly pears,
under the benign influence of Old Sol's
most benevolent and broadest smile, if
you still persist in clinging to such
bungling appliances, we should say that
there is probably no hope for such an
one.

To continue our story, Mr. Scholl not
only looks after his bees, but various
side-issues as well, and these bring him
in good returns. He is a hustler and
a general handy man at anything that
needs to be done about the house or
home ground, or almost any old place
in fact, and this very versatility has
made him successful with his bees.

Mr. Scholl is a prolific writer, and
contributes not a little to the various

J

December, 1907.

American ^ee Journal

bcc-pnpcrs. Ill's place in the "Old Re-
liable" as manager of "Southern Bee-
dom" is too well kni^Au to require
further comment.

lunally, if you have never tasted
Southern hospitality, then you will have
to do so to appreciate it, and Texas

is a good place to go in order to get
this taste. Wonderful country, and
wonderful resources! In the words of
Horace Greeley, with a slight modifica-
tion, we believe it to be good advice to
say, "Young man, go Soulhwest."
Columbus, Ohio.

■-.V* i l-Z*"'".

\ all

Confribiifed
rflrficlc^ II

lU^

The Problem of Wintering
Bees

BY PROF. A. J. COOK.

Shakespeare is so frequently quoted
by our friends of the East — "This is
the winter of our discontent" — that any
words that may be helpful to the be-
ginner will be welcome at this season
of the year. The question has no im-
portance to the bee-keepers of the Pa-
cific Coast and will have less interest
to our friends of the East when the
principles involved are thoroughly un-
derstood, and guide in the general prac-
tice.

Nutrition and Activity.

We have from high authority that
"He that doth not work, neither shall
he eat." The reverse is equally true.
If one does not eat, he can not do any
effective work. All e.xercise of muscles or
mind demands corresponding nutrition
and nutrition only follows, among the
higher animals, on eating and digestion.
In California, where the bees fly every
month of the year, they must eat much
more than in the East, where they are
confined and inactive for months to-
gether. In the East, if anything tran-
spires that e.xcites the bees, so that they
move about to any considerable extent,
they will, perforce, eat. But if they
eat, there is danger of trouble, unless
the amount is very slight, and the food
of the very best.

Import.\nce of Good Food.

Of course the bees are somewhat ac-
tive in the coldest winters of the East,
as they preserve the heat of the cluster,
and must move somewhat. There is
never a time when a blow on the hive
will not meet with a response, by the
bees, which show that they are alive
and may become awake. Thus it is
evident that the bees may — yea, must —
eat even in winter, and when the cold
is very severe.

We know that there are two kinds
of food that the bees consume — the pro-
teids and the carbo-hydrates. The pol-
len or bee-bread furnishes the proteids,
and the honey the carbo-hydrate part
of the food. We know that they often
eat of the bee-bread, or have previously
done so, as dissection shows pollen-
grains in the stomach. I dare say Mr.

Mcddon was correct in his contention,
that in long, cold winters bees were
better with no pollen at all in the hive.
Proteid food is essential for muscular
development, and if the bees stir much
they must have it. But if bees are very
quiet in winter, it is safe to presume
tliat they take very little pollen, or bee-
bread; and it is safe to affirm that the
taking of this food would do no harm
were they to fly out often, and in such
event would be absolutely necessary.
But in the quiet of a severe winter, the
bees will consume a little honey, and
that should be of the best, and in such
case it will be all digested, and will do
no harm.

Wholesome Winter Stores.

We can never be too careful in giv-
ing the 'bees the very best for their
winter supply. This requires — if we are
to be certain — that we feed them the
best cane-sugar syrup. Granulated sug-
ar will always be wholesome, and as
they store it, they will reduce it or
change it to reducing sugar; it will
need no digestion, and so the bees will
safely take what is needed for their
slight activity; and other things being
right, they will surely winter well.

It is true that in most cases, if we
feed what seems good honey, they will
do well ; but we can never know what
there is in honey that the bees gather.
Cider, rotten-apple juice, glucose from
some grocery store or leaky barrel ;
honey-dew, which may be good and may
be rank. So we see that there are many
ways that the bees may have faulty
stores, in case we trust to their natural
stores for the winter supplies. It is
wholly safe here on the Pacific Coast,
but never safe where the rigors of an
arctic winter swoop down upon the
apiary. In case we do as Mr. Alexander
advises — and it is sound advice — extract
all in spring, that we may give room
for brood-rearing, we may dispense
with the cold, heavy combs that are a
serious hindrance, in the midst of the
brood-nest ; and, best of all, may prac-
tice stimulative feeding— then we shall
remove all the stores, and no one can
complain that we are marketing arti-
ficial honey.

Quiet Very Essenti.al.

Again, it is not enough that we see
to it that the winter stores are of the

best, but wc must, at the .same time,
do all that we may to preserve the ut-
most quiet in winter. In the bec-ccllar
the bees must not be disturbed. Every
disturbance means loss of bees, and all
such loss weakens the colony, arKi courts
disaster, in late winter and spring.

It may be true that in some cases
the bees may suffer no little irritation,
and consequent uneasiness, and still
survive the winter. Bees differ in tem-
perament as much as do people, and so
some are less disturbed by noise than.
others ; and, again, some become, ap-
parently, used to confusion and noise,
and so come through the winter with
safety, even though this rule is not ob-
served ; yet we may rest assured that
they will do better, if the quiet is se-
cured, and it should be our aim and
object to secure and maintain the ut-
most quiet that is possible. This involves
good food, as poor food will disturb
and irritate the bees. The same will
follow from too severe cold. The very
cold winters are generally the disas-
trous ones. Wc all know how our
slumbers are affected by cold feet or a
general sense of chill. I imagine that
the same is true of bees, and the cluster
will be disturbed by a sense of cold —
will move, and as a result will eat too
much; and, as they can not tlv, will
suffer.

I fully believe that one who will heed
the above suggestions, will have no
difficulty in wintering bees well every
winter. The ideal condition is the best
food, the greatest quiet, and a uniform
temperature about and outside the hive
of as near 20 degrees F. as it is possible
to secure. Those who attain to this
have little trouble to winter bees well.

Eucalyptus Honey.

I have always thought that honey
from any plant would be good no
matter how aromatic the juice of the
plant, or ^-hat odors might pass from
the leaves. I have grave doubts if
honey is ever poisonous. We all know
how strong the odor from the eucaljTJts
is. I was eager to get some honey
from these flowers, and a few years
ago did so from Mr. Barber, of our'For-
estry Station. It was^light and fine.
The mints are very strong scented ; yet
what fine honey we get from the sages.
The sap of the plant is no key to the
nectar of the bloom.

Clareniont, California., Nov. 11.

Honey Crop Reports and
Prices

BY R. F. HOLTERM.'VNN.

No one can read with careful con-
sideration the various market quota-
tions for honey in the United States
and know their quality without realiz-
ing that the prices vary by several
cents out of all proportion to the cost
of transportation to the various centers.
The prime reason of this is lack of
organization among bee-keepers, lack of
apicultural information (which may in
a measure at least be secured through
the various apicultural journals.) and
to the difference of opinion as to the

750

December, 1907.

Amc*rican IBae Journal

outlook, due to difference of tempera-
ment in individuals.

It will probably ever be while this
Church Dispensation lasts that the var-
ious articles of commerce will be bought
and sold on speculation. If a man has
goods to sell below what the market
value is, he is not commercially wronged
ly others buying it. In fact, no one
•could buy goods and sell them unless
-he could make a profit on them.
Prices.

Owing to the establishment by the
Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association of a
■committee to secure reports of honey
crops, to study all the conditions which
might affect prices, and their so far do-
ing their work with good judgment, we
have been able to be more unanimous
than formerly in the demand for prices
on our goods.

This year our prices for first-class
comb honey have been higher than ever
before. The price has been fairly well
maintained ; the only cloud upon the
horizon as to the maintainance of these
prices has been the stringency of the
money market with the curtailment of
business generally and the lack of or-
ganization in the United States. With
the price of white honey in the East so
different from what it is in the West,
I can come to no other conclusion than
that Western bee-keepers underestimate
the quality of their honey, or that they
do not care to get the best price obtain-
able for their crop ; or (and this is, of
course, the most likely reason) they did
not correctly estimate the market con-
ditions. After paying 3 cents per pound
duty we have actually had some lots of
honey imported into Canada at loVa
cents per pound, laid down ; tins sup-
pHed free. And yet alfalfa honey 'is
now worth 9 to 10 cents in the United
States. Lack of organization is then
of interest to bee-keepers the world ov-
er. With organization, too, jo dealer
suffers what he loses one year by not
being able to buy at sacrifice prices. He
will gain in another when the tendency
of prices is the other way, and by or-
ganization and the reasonable regula-
tion of prices he can afford to do busi-
ness on a smaller profit, because he will
run less risk by depreciation in value.

Be the price high or low, there must
be a legitimate difference between job-
ber, wholesale and retail prices, and if
the dealer loses in his business he is
more chary about his next investment.

History of Honey Committee.

The history of the Honey Committee
of the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion is this. In 1902, at the annual
meeting of the Ontario Bee-Keepers'
Association at Barrie, Ontario, the On-
tario Honey Exchange was organized.
In its report it states :

"Its object is to establish a reliable and
fair market price for the product of its
members, the more proper distribution
of honey, and to establish, when ad-
visable, foreign and distant Canadian
markets."

"The main officers of the Exchange
shall consist of 5 directors, elected by
the members of the Ontario Bee-Keep-
ers' Association at each annual meet-
ing, and to hold office for one year, and
shall direct all business of the E.x-

change. They will choose a location,
and obtain by rental or otherwise a suit-
able office and ware-rooms in some
central city, and that shall be known as
headquarters."

In short, the plan was to sell — more
or less co-operatively to handle the pro-
ducts of the bee.

In 1903, H. G. Sibbald gave a report
of the Honey Exchange Committee, and
by it showed that at a meeting of this
committee at Woodstock, August 15, the
following prices were recommended:
60-pound tins, yVz cents in Toronto;
comb honey, $1.65 to $2 per dozen. At
this meeting it was moved by H. G.
Sibbald, seconded by J. L. Byer, "that
the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association
appoint a committee to collect crop re-
ports and distribute the same to the
members." This was carried, and upon
this basis the committee has acted and
advised as to prices ever since, with a
more than full measure of success.

This committee may have more ard-
uous work in the future than it has had
in the past. The condition of commerce,
the fruit crop, and home and foreign
honey crop, and the duty on honey, all
must be fully considered when regulat-
ing prices. It seems to me the United
States, perhaps under the National As-
sociation, might with advantage do
something under the above head.

Brantford, Ontario.

Production and Ripening of
Extracted Honey

BY C. P. D.'\DANT.

I notice in the November number of
The American Bee Journal an article
from Mr. Greiner on the ripening of
honey, and one from Mr. Townsend,
taken from the Bee-Keeper's Review,
on the comparison of expense in pro-
ducing comb and extracted honey. I
wish to make some remarks on these
subjects.

We do not leave our honey on the
hives beyond the time necessary to ma-
ture each separate crop. That is to
say, the clover honey, which with us
is the first crop, is taken off the hives
just as soon as the crop is at an end,
and, without waiting for the next crop.
It is our experience that honey is very
promptly matured at the end of a crop,
and it is unnecessary to delay extract-
ing beyond two or three days after the
crop has ceased.

If the harvest is very heavy, and we
run short of supers, as happened dur-
ing the crop of 1903, we never hesitate
to extract to make room, before the
crop ends. In that case, we remove
the supers which were first filled by
the bees, for in- such seasons we have
more than one super on each hive, and
sometimes as many as 4. The last sup-
ers put on will, of course, contain the
freshest honey, whether they are above
or below the others. So we may take
3 supers off a very populous hive and
leave one on, of partly sealed and
partly very fresh honey. The others
will be returned after the honey has
been extracted, perhaps to be filled
again before the end of that crop of
honey. In my mind, it is during those

very heavy crops that the advantage of
the honey extractor, and its capacity
for saving labor to the bees, is most
apparent.

In the season ot 1884, I remember ex-
tracting some 5,000 pounds of honey
from an apiary ot 89 colonies in 3 days.
At the end of the third day, we ex-
amined the colonies from which we had
extracted in the morning of the first
day, and found most of them with
honey in every cell from which the
honey had been removed 3 days before.
No amount of argument could convince
me that those bees could have secured
anywhere near half as much honey, and
stored it, during the same space of time,
if they had had to build the combs for it.

We do not believe in honey ripened
after removal from the hives, by arti-
ficial means. But allow me to say that,
in this matter, one must not be too
dogmatic. There are a number of
things which may cause a different re-
sult. The warmth of the summer, the
greater or less amount of moisture in
the atmosphere, according to location;
and, above all, the condition of the hon-
eyitself when harvested — all these things,
or each of them, will have an influ-
ence on the more or less difficult ripen-
mg of honey by artificial means. As
good an authority as the late Chas. F.
Muth, was strongly in favor of arti-
ficial ripening. Mr. ;Muth was a prac-
tical bee-keeper of long experience, who
was also a honey-dealer, and handled
hundreds of barrels of honey each year.
He did ripen honey artificially in an
attic over his business house in Cincin-
nati, and certainly had a very good ar-
ticle of honey, as I found by actual
examination years ago.

The body of the honey, at the time
of its harvest by the bees, is of very
much importance. I know that it has
been habitual to say that fresh-harvest-
ed honey contains something like 75
per cent of water. But there are times
when it has much less water than this
amount. Some grades of honey are al-
ways watery when harvested. Among
these I will mention basswood honey.
I have repeatedly found basswood honey
that fermented in the hive., in the man-
ner mentioned by Mr. Greiner at the
foot of page 720. This and other rea-
sons have caused me to say that the
sealing of the cells by the bees was not
always a criterion of the ripening of
the honey, for evidently in both my
experience and Mr. Greiner's, the bees
had sealed this honey before it was
sufficiently ripened, showing that they
are apt to make errors of judgment as
well as ourselves. On the other hand,
when the crop is at an end, especially
when it ends abruptly, as by frost, they
often leave quite a number of cells un-
sealed, the honey of which is as thick
as any sealed honey they may have ;
the reason they have for not sealing
it is very probably that they have ceased
to make comb and expect to use up
that honey before long. It is simply a
matter of expediency and economy with
them.

That certain grades of honey are
very thick when harvested may be evi-
denced from the fact that statements
have repeatedly been made by some
bee-keepers in the Old World, that

I icccinbcr, 1907.

American ^ee Jonrtial

honey from heather was very difficult
to extract from the comli-> on account
of its density; sonic even no so far as
to say that it cannot be - ■.Irncted.

L. C. Root, tlie son-in-law of Quinby,
a man of great experience in bee-cul-
ture, in discussing the ripening of hon-
ey, asserted to me that in his opinion,
the thickest and best ripened honey is
the slowest to granulate. I agree with
this assertion. He went- farther, and
said that very ripe honey would not
granulate. On this I think we should
demur for the simple reason that there
is very little if any honey that will not
granulate under any circumstances.
Even the thick heather honey, men-
tioned above as reported difficult to ex-
tract, granulates very readily. We have
had honey, purchased in Louisiana,
which was guaranteed by the producer
to remain liquid. But we had not had
it three weeks in our cold January cli-
mate of Illinois before it began to show
the change.

I would most emphatically agree
with Mr. Greiner in trying to keep the
different grades separate. Nothing is
more difficult to sell than a grade of
extracted honey which is streaked in
color by the uneven mixture of two
different grades. When it becomes nec-
essary to harvest mixed honey, I would
insist on heating it and stirring it
thoroughly to mix it. It is sometimes
possible to make a very good grade of
honey out of two very different crops.
But much care must be exercised in not
overheating it and destroying its flavor.
We had, at one time, a lot of pure
basswood honey, from Lynnville, Iowa,
which was so strong in basswood flavor
that the average customer was afraid
of it, and mistrusted its purity. We had
also on hand a lot of very dark fall
honey. We heated both and mixed
them, and the blended flavors gave us
an article that sold readily. The bass-
wood changed the shade to a lighter
color, and the fall honey had hidden
the objectionable basswood flavor and
odor.

In closing, permit me to emphasize
the statement made by Mr. Townsend
at the end of his article on page 720,
as the report of his son:

"I could have worked 5 yards for
extracted honey with the same labor
it took to produce this crop of 2,300
pounds of comb honey."

My preference for the production of
extracted honey is based on the same
idea. A much greater quantity of hon-
ey can be taken care of. A less number
of swarms secured. See Mr. Town-
send's report on the same page — 30
swarms when producing comb honey,
and 5 swarms when producing extract-
ed honey. To the beginner this may
not be an important item, but to the
apiarist who already has as many colo-
nies as he cares to keep, the matter of
undesired swarms is most important.
What we want is honey — more honey —
not more bees.

The only drawback to the produc-
tion of extracted honey is the difficulty
of its sale. This does not exist in
Europe, and that is why so much more
of it is produced there than here by
large apiarists. Comb honey, in Ameri-
ca, will long be of more ready sale
than the other kind.

Some of the Results of
Keeping in 1907

Bee-

BY C. M. DOOUTTLE.

"How have the bees done this year?"
is a question which comes to me from
my correspondents. Another correspond-
ent writes: "You used to report the re-
sult of each season in the bee-papers.
Why do you not do it any more? Just
tell us through the American Bee Jour-
nal the result from the bees during the
year 1907."

This reminds me of what the bee-
men used to be accused of years ago,
when it was said at our bee-conven-
tions and elsewhere, that when bee-men
had a good season with a large yield
of honey, they were sure to rush into
print with the matter, setting bee-keep-
ing out in glowing colors; but when a.
poor season came, they kept as mum as
a clam, and thus only the rosy side of
our pursuit appeared before the public
gaze, this causing many to get a false
impression of our occupation and rush
into bee-keeping to the detriment of
those already in, through an oVer-pro-
duction of honey. I know it is easier
to tell of our successes than of our
failures ; but I never believed that there
could be an over-production of honey
while there were liundreds and thous-
ands of mouths watering for even a
taste of the honey piled up in the bee-
keepers' store-rooms or on the markets
of our country.

But I am not asked for an article on
over-production, nor could I properly
"tackle" the matter had I been, so I will
content myself in telling the readers of
the American Bee Journal something of
the season of 1907 and its results in
southwestern Onondaga County, which
is a part of the State of New York.

The bees came out of the cellar in
fine condition, as good as I ever knew
them to do, but after a few warm days
it turned cold, and it kept that way till
near the middle of June, so that on
June 10, at a time when the hives should
have been full of bees and brood, there
was not a single colony that was as
good as it was the day it came from
the cellar, while many colonies were not
half as good. Of course the season was
late, but not nearly so late as were the
bees, although everything was done that
could be done to advance them along
the line of prosperity. With June 20
v/arm weather came, and this pushed
vegetation along very rapidly, so that
I saw that if any results in surplus
honey were to be obtained it must come
along the line of massing the bees to-
gether, rather than a line of expansion.
To this end. brood was taken from the
weaker colonies and given to the strong-
er ones, so that these arrived in fairly
good condition when the clover and
basswood bloomed later on, at which
time the plan of "shook swarming" was
followed, and the beeless brood given
to the weak colonies from which brood
had been taken to help the stronger
ones up to where this "shook swarm-
ing" could be done to advantage just
at the commencement of the honey-flow.
And to keep these colonies to which the

brood was given from contracting the
swarming fever before the time came
to shake to the best advantage, all the
combs not occupied with brood were
taken out so as to give place for the
frames of brood given, when these
combs having no brood in them, but
some honey, were placed in an empty
hive, together with other reserved
combs, sufficient to fill this extra hive,
when a queen-excluder was placed on
top of the hive of brood, and on this
was put this hive of combs containing
more or less honey. This honey helped
the bees to keep up the brood below to
its greatest capacity, and also gave a
place for the storing of honey, should
any little yield occur before the time
was ripe for shaking; as well as to
ward off any desire to swarm wliich
might arise from the hive full of brood
below. Besides this, it started the bees
to work in the upper story, or the sur-
plus apartment of the hive, if we please
so to speak, so that at the time of shak-
ing the bees were used to going above
with any honey which came from the
fields. And, besides this, at the time of
shaking this hive of combs in which the
bees had been at work for some time,
was just the hive into which they were
run when they were shaken from their
brood, as it was necessary only to set
this upper hive on the stand in place of
the hive of brood, put on the supers
of sections, and shake the bees in front.

They were then in their own home,
as it were, -but without brood, and as
the queen continued to lay right along,
the honey in these combs, together with
that coming in from the fields, was
rushed right up into the sections,
through the force of habit they had ac-
quired before the shaking. Every bee,
or practically so, which was in both
stories of the hive before shaking, was
now in that hive of broodless combs
and honey, and for this reason there
had to be an overflow of bees right
into the sections; and, as the queen de-
manded room for the laying of her eggs,
and the bees also demanded brood for
their future existence, all thought of
future swarming was banished, and
work with a will was at once begun
right where it would count for money
in the pocket of the apiarist.

The combs of beeless brood were
piled 2 deep on the weak colonies, and
the emerging of this brood soon made
these colonies strong, with plenty of
room for the storing of all the honey
that came in from the fields, in the
cells vacated each day by the thousands
of emerging brood, for the queen was
kept in her old hive by means of a
queen-excluder before the hives of
brood were set on top.

'Now for the result of this massing
plan in a poor season, for it proved to
be the poorest of any season I have
known since that of 1869:

The average yield of section honey
from the colonies so worked was 61 1-3
pounds, or that many pound sections,
while in the combs put over the weak
colonies there is an average of about
45 pounds that could be extracted; but
as I prefer to keep this for next season's
use, it will be stored away to set over
colonies next year in following out the

December, 1907.

American Hae Journal

plan here detailed another year, should
the year of 1908 prove something after
the fashion of this year.

All colonies have sufficient stores for
winter, as those lacking have been sup-
plied from these combs of honey be-
fore the 45 pounds average was taken.

As far as the yield is concerned, I
have done much better, but I think
nothing like it before when the poor-
ness of the season was taken into ac-
count. And I should not have given
the matter for publication only with
the hope of inspiring some one who does

not have an "eye" on the season, to get
the bees and the season together in
some way, so that even a very poor sea-
son may count towards success. I know
that there is considerable fun poked at
"locality," etc., but I am firm in the be-
lief that those who know how best to
bring the locality, the season, and the
bees together, will be the successful
ones; while those who pay little or no
attention to these matters, or scout the
idea of there being anything in them,
are those who are the most liable to be
candidates for "blasted hopes."
Borodino, N. Y.

--J^

RcflcctioiiLf

California Bcc-Kceper

■Ll^ t.

By W. A. PRYAL, Alden Stati..n. 1 laklamJ.fCalit.

In Union There is Strength.

"Bees accomplish nothing save as they
work together — neither does Man."

This is one of the mottoes printed in
good sized type that is conspicously dis-
played in offices in San Francisco. I
presume it is so posted to induce the
citizens of that unfortunate city to pull
together and rebuild their city as never
a city was built before. That's good.
But looking at the words in another
light, I am constrained to remark that
the fellow who wrote the motto never
had an opportunity to learn what one
lone bee could accomplish when she got
a genuine hustle on. A bull in a crock-
ery shop might do more damage, but
I 'am willing to go on record that he
could not "skidoo" a crowd quicker ban
a hybrid bee whose business end was
prepared for dire vengeance. For her
size, there's nothing in the world that
can put a crowd so quickly "on the run"
as a bee on mischief bent.

each super turned off the hive instead
of $2.40, as formerly ! What a differ-
ence !

But how long will it last? I suppose
next year honey will be down almost
as low as ever. But the chances are
that it will not. I noticed to-day that
good eggs are quoted at 55 cents per
dozen; creamery butter is 80 cents per
"square" of two pounds. And these ar-
ticles, too, are higher than usual at this
time of the year. What must those
do who can not afford to pay these
prices? It is true that many men are
getting higher wages than they ever did
before, but then there are others who
are not getting a cent more than they
formerly received. I will leave the sub-
ject, as it is getting too grave to dis-
cuss in a bee-paper.

Honey Prices Up.

I was in one of the leading grocery
stores this afternoon in Oakland, mak-
ing some necessary purchases, when I
nearly lost my breath. Don't get scared,
ye buyers of the necessaries of life;
it was not from the fact that I went
into such a store, or because of any
ill effects of the commodities therein
sold, that I came near collapsing. No,
but it was this: Honey has jumped up!
Yes, jumped — "soared," might be the
better word. I saw one of the clerks
wrap up a small section of honey for a
lady customer and demand 25 cents for
the dainty morsel. And he got it.

Just think! It was only a couple of
years ago when I could never get more
than a dime for the selfsame article.
My! If my bees had produced only a
few tons of comb-honey the past sea-
son, instead of a wheelbarrow full,
wouldn't I be rich? Si.x dollars for

Death ol! A. D. Pryal.

As the March 14th issue of this Jour-
nal (p. 207) contained a short bio-
graphical sketch of my father, who
could justly be considered one of the
pioneer bee-keepers of California, it now
becomes my painful duty to supplement
such record with the announcement of
his death. In the middle of last win-
ter my father fell a victim to a bad at-
tack of grip; for a time his life was
despaired of. Along with that malady
he was a sufferer from valvular heart
trouble. Fie was sufficiently recovered,
however, during April and May to be
about and attend to his usual busi-
ness, as he was always an active man,
and liked to be engaged. It was while
thus attending to business (he having
gone with some of hjs employes to one
of his places some distance from home)
that he fell while climbing over a low
rail-fence, and which fall is believed to
be the cause of the abdominal abscess
which terminated his life.

Thus, at the age of y() years, passed
away one of the best of men — a man

who had been identified with the his-
tory-making epoch of California, espe-
cially of Oakland and Alameda County.
The apiary he established on the old
homestead in 1865 is still in existence,
and is probably the oldest apiary in
California that has been kept contin-
uously in one place.

The Pepper-Tree and Eucalyptus.

In writing of the pepper-tree (page
3iZ), I mentioned that Prof. Cook was
wrong when he stated that it bloomed
in April. I have always found it in
blossom here in September; sometimes
it would commence in August and con-
tinue through September. Now, strange
to relate, I notice that a large pepper-
tree on our place is just showing signs
of blooming; in fact, a few blooms were
expanding the 26th day of April. In
May there was much more bloom.
But I notice that the clusters are dimin-
utive ones less than one-fourth the size
of the bunches of flowers we have in
the fall. The flowering of this tree at
this time must, therefore, be abnormal.
The tree must be getting the season
mixed up somewhat.

This reminds me that some time ago.
Prof. Cook in writing about eucalyptus
for the American Bee Journal or Glean-
ings, I forget which, stated, as nearly
as I can remember, that as that tree
came from a country where it bloomed
in the summer, it bloomed in the winter
here. That does not seem right to me.
I should think that if it, for instance,
bloomed in July in Australia — which is
south of the equator and the dead of
"winter" of that end of the earth — it
would bloom in January here. Does not
a plant in the matter of blooming, etc.,
follow the seasons no matter where it
may be transplanted?

Aside from the odd time of blooming
I will mention this oddity of the pepper-
tree. Drop some of the leaves in water
and notice them sail about. They move
by "fits and starts." The water causes
little explosions in the leaves.

California — A Modern Mecca.

It may seem strange to some, never-
theless it is a fact, that a person who
had lived a year or so in California,
and for some reason or another was
called to reside in some other portion
of the world, is never contented until
he is again back upon the fruitful soil
and under the cheerful skies of the
Golden State. For years I have ob-
served how those who resided here for
a time would come trooping back one
after the other. A few months ago I
had a letter from A. D. D. Wood, of
Michigan, in which he stated he longed
to return to California, and that he
would surely do so as soon as certain
ties which held him in the east were
severed. I knew Mr. W. when he had
charge of an apiary near here. I think
he was in this State but 2 years. For
the past few years he has been engaged,
I believe, in rearing queens at his old
home. It may not be many years be-
fore we hear of him as the leading Cali-
fornia queen-breeder. And this is the
place to rear fine queens. The wonder

December, 1907.

American Hee Journal

is that the business had umI l)een made a
large one here lonie; befoip this.

Lately I heard that tl) ii veteran bee-
keeper and apicultural luc-cditor and
publisher, Albert J. Kiiit;, is again a
resident of California. Prof. King lived
here from the middle si.xties, first at old
Gilroy, and then later at what is now
Oakland and Berkeley. He was the
first principal of the Peralya School,
then a district school but now one of
the largest grammar schools in Oak-
land. I'"rom California he went l.vist
and was associated with his brothers
in the sale of the American Ijcc-hive,
of which the latter were patentee?. For
some years he edited and published the
Bee-Keepers' Magazine, now for some
years defunct; then after he sold out
his interest in the magazine he was in-
terested in large apiaries in Cuba.

Another bee-keeper of more than
common renown who lived in this State
many years ago, as we are won't to
compute time, was Prof. A. J. Cook. I
never knew just how long he was here,
but I read some time ago in one of the
editions of his valuable work upon bee-
keeping that he had resided in or near
Sacramento. Any way, for many years
we found him connected with the Agri-
cultural College of the State Univer-
sity of Michigan, and wdiere his work
was such. as to give him a world-wide
reputation. But back to California he
would come, and we have since heard
of him in connection with Pomona Col-
lege, in the Southern portion of the
State.

And so it goes.

Freakish Things Bees Do.

When some thing of a freakish kind
is sihown us, we at once become inter-
ested. I suppose that's human nature.
Nothing seems to interest the average
man or woman so much as bees. Maybe
that's because bees are freaks, or the
next thing to it. Now I don't want it
understood that I make this indictment
against those wonderful little insects.
No, I do not, but some one else has.
What I would do is to say that some-
times bees do some very strange things.
Witness some of the queer work they
will do inside the hive, and, occasion-
ally without. Herewith I am sliowing a
piece of their freak-work done inside of
one of my hives during the last spring.
The comb attached to the division-
board was made in a space not much
over one-half inch wide — it was be-
tween the division-board and the wall
of the hive, and I discovered it in time,
else the comb would have been built
in the entire space. The industry of
the bee is not commendable w'hen per-
formed in such cramped quarters.

The photograph is one of the very
best I ever secured. The effect of light
and shade are good; even where the
comb was broken the effect seems real-
istic in the picture. Now, while we
may criticise the bee for going out of
her way "to ply her trade," I must not
let this opportunity shp by without hav-
ing "a shot" at some of the makers of
freak bee-hives. I would class the hon-
ey-board shown in the cut as a freak
one that no practical bee-keeper would

Co.MB Brii.r ON Division-Board.

want to use. The old-fashioned solid
board is the board for me; I'm sure
other bee-keepers who want results with-
out handling flimsy contrivances that go

]to pieces upon the "slightest provoca-
tion," would sooner have a cast-iron
"honey-board" than a "contraption"
like the one pictured.

r^-i

iouthcm

Conducted by LOUIS H. SCHOLL, New Braunfels. Tex.

Prospects for 1908.

It is rather early to say anything about
what the ne.xt year will bring us, but
a good, wet fall and winter, so that our
trees and shrubs are loaded with sap
next spring, is generally followed with
a good honey season. Rains have been
very plentiful here and all over Texas
and other parts of the South, and un-
less something very unusual happens,
the bee-keepers may expect a good hon-
ey crop next year, for which prepara-
tions should be started at once, as now
is the time to begin.

Bees Gather Rosin.

During this year I have seen bees do
what I consider a remarkable feat, and
something I never read of them doing,
that I remember. The remarkable oc-
curence is that of gathering rosin from
pine boards, rich with the glue. I first
discovered them gathering rosin from
a very rich board last April. Several
dozen bees were thus engaged, and be-
fore long they had completely cleaned
the board, taking, I should judge, near-
ly a pound. During the summer the
same board exuded another nice lot of
the rosin, during which time the bees
let it alone for the more useful work of
honey-gathering. Just now the bees are
again actively employed collecting rosin
from this same board, and making some
use of it, of which I have taken no
pains to find out. I would guess that
they are using it as a substitute for pro-
polis to stick things up with.

If there were enough rosin-bearing
boards around for all the bees to em-
ploy their spare moments, I surmise
that an honest adulteration of beeswax
would result. In the meantime, for my
part, I do not care how much of the
rosin they gather, or what they are do-
ing with it. I am of the opinion that
they will not adulterate their wax to
any appreciable extent with this pine
glue. I have no time to sit around and
try to exploit their method of using
this rosin.

I judge that some of our bee-keeping
brethern in pine-wooded districts could
be able to inform us to the extent of
bees gathering rosin, and to the use
they apply it. T. P. Robinson.

Bartlett, Texas, Oct. 28.

Bees gather a good deal of resinous
propolis nere in the South to close up
cracks and crevises in their hives, and
I am sure that's what your bees arc
using it for. A great deal of rosin can
be found on our mesquite trees, sun-
flowers, etc., which the bees collect for
this purpose, although I have not seen
them on pine boards.

Bee-Keepers' Exhibit at the San An-
tonio International fair, Nov. 9
to Not. 24.

The exhibits this year surpassed all
previous ones, though the work on them
was begun verv late in the season. This,
however, shows what can be done in
a good season another year, and prep-
arations for next year's exhibit are al-

754

December, ipo/.

American ?ae Journal

ready taken up so that the "cream of
the bee-keepers' toils of 1908" may be
hoarded together for the bee-keepers'
exhibits at College Station, during the
annual July meeting of the Texas Bee-
Keepers' Association; at Dallas, during
the State Fair; and then at the Inter-
national Fair in San Antonio. There-
fore, fellow bee-keepers, remember
this during the coming year. When
you have something for exhibition, let
me know about it. Such exhibits are
great advertisers of our own industry,
you know.

W. H. Laws and D. C. Milam were
the judges who passed upon the merits
of the exhibits in the Bee and Honey
Department of the Fair. The number
of exhibitors and exhibits this year was
the largest and most varied since the
Fair was instituted, and as a result the
judges had hard work in making their
awards.

This year's display attracted great
attention from nearly every visitor to
the Fair. The observatory hives were
a great source of constant interest, not
only to the experienced bee-keepers,
but also to the curious uninitiated.

The following rewards were made :

Best collection of Texas honey-yielding
plants, pressed and mounted — ist, L. H.
Scholl; 2d, Miss Meta Hillge.

Golden Italian bees and queen in single-
comb observatory hives — ist, John W. Pharr;
2d, Grant Anderson.

Three-banded Italian bees and queen in
single-comb, observatory hive — ist, W. O. Vic-
tor; 2d, Udo and Max Toepperwein.

Carniolan bees and queens in single-comb
observatory hives — ist, Grant Anderson; 2d,
Udo and Max Toepperwein.

Caucasian bees and queens in single-comb
observatory hives — ist. Southwestern Bee Com-
pany; id, Udo and Max Toepperwein.

Cyprian bees and queens in single-comb ob-
servatory hives — ist, Udo and Max Toepper-
wein.

Holy Land bees and queens in single-comb
observatory hives — ist, Udo and Max Toepper-
wein; 2d, Southwestern Bee Company.

Banat bees and queen in single-comb ob-
servatory hives — 1st, Grant Anderson; 2d, Udo
and ^lax Toepperwein.

Black queen and bees in single-comb ob-
servatory hives — ist. Southwestern Bee Com-
pany.

Best display of bumble-bees — 1st, F. h.
Aten.

Best and largest display of bees of various
races in observatory hives — ist, Southwestern
Bee Company; 2d, Udo and Max Toepper-
wein.

Best and largest display of queens of vari-
ous races, in mailing cases — ist. Southwest-
ern Bee Company; 2d, John W. Pharr.

Best case of white section comb honey,
twelve pounds or more — ist, W. O. Victor;
2d, Wald C. Conrads.

Best case of light amber section comb hon-
ey— ist, Southwestern Bee Company; 2d, W.O.
Victor.

Best and largest display of section comb
honey — ist, W. O. Victor; 2d, Udo and Max
Toepperwein.

Best display of special designs of comb
honey — ist, Udo and Max Toepperwein; 2d,
Frank Kraut.

Best twelve pounds friction-top pail white
bulk comb honey — 1st, L. H. Scholl; 2d,
L. Jones.

Best six pounds friction-top pail white bulk
comb honey — ist, L,. H. Scholl; 2d, L. Jones.

Best three pounds friction-top pail white
bulk comb honey — 1st, J. W. Pharr; 2d, L. H.
Scholl.

Best display of bulk comb honey — L. H.
Scholl, both prizes.

Best dozen jars white extracted honey —
1st, Southwestern Bee Company; 2d, Udo and
Max Toepperwein.

Best dozen jars amber extracted honey —
ist, Otto Sueltenfuss; 2d, Southwestern Bee
Company.

Best display extracted honey, granulated
form— ist, W. O. Victor; 2d, L. H. Scholl.

Best sample cake of bright yellow bees-
wax, not less than two pounds — ist, A. Four-
nier; 2d, h- C. Rosseau.

Best and largest display of beeswax — L. H.
Scholl; 2d, Udo ai.d Max Toepperwein.

Best display in special designs in bees-
wax— ist, Southwestern Bee Company; 2d,
L. H. Scholl.

Best display of fruit preserved in honey —

Southwestern Bee Company,- both prizes.

Best honey-vinegar — ist, Moritz Rompel,
2d, Southwestern Bet- Company.

Best instructive display in apiarian prod-
ucts and of the various uses made of honey
and beeswax — ist, Louis Scholl; 2d, South-
western Bee Company.

Best and largest display of bee-keepers* sup-
plies— Diploma to Southwestern Bee Com-
pany.

mfor Miller^

Send Questions either to the office of the American Bee Journal, or to

DR. C. C. MILLER. Marengo. 111.

Dr. Miller does not answer Questions by mail.

Packing Bees for Winter.

For out-door wintering, would it be
advisable to make a box-shaped frame
that would sit over the hive, leaving a
space of about 6 inches on each side
of the hive to be filled with hay or straw,
and leaving the entrance open? This
would be kept reasonably dry.

Kans.\s.

Answer. — Yes, if you change that
"reasonably dry" to "very dry," for no
matter how well you pack the sides, if
the top is so poorly protected that rain
or snow gets in at all, there will be
troirble. You say nothing about what
you will have over the top, but no doubt
you intend to protect it well, for it is
more important to pack well over the
top than the sides. A good many think
it is not well to have the front of the
hive packed the same as the other 3
sides, but leave it open, so the sun can
shine on it when a warm day comes.

Wide-Top Section-Holders.

1. What style of section-holder do
you use? I take to the wide-top style,
although I have never used any, but as
J. E. Hand advocated in Gleanings, I
think they would be the thing to keep
the tops of the sections clean ; but I
do not understand how the sections can
be removed easily after the bees have
propolized them as all bees do.

2. Therefore, I have an idea that a
section-holder could be made in a way
that the top-bar could be removed easi-
ly, and in a moment's time, so as to get
at the sections as in an open-top hold-
er. Is such a complicated holder any
advantage, or will a solid wide-top bar
admit us to the sections without
trouble? Missouri.

Answers. — i. I use the T-super. It
is not boomed in the catalogs, and some
who have tried it do not like it, but
quite a number — some of whom pro-
duce honey on a large scale — prefer it;
and, rightly used, I believe it the best
surplus arrangement in existence.

2. Different kinds of section-holders
have been made that have top-bars cov-
ering the sections, and I'm not sure but

some one tried something in the line of
a removable top-bar such as you pro-
pose. I have some doubt whether the
game is worth the candle. In the wide
frame which was extensively in use
some years ago, and is still in use by
some, there was not so much difficulty
in getting out the sections, even with
quite a tight fit, and after the bees had
glued them in. I've taken out tons of
such sections, and in some cases they
were probably as tight a fit as you
would have with a removable top-bar.
Even with this latter, you would prob-
ably find that the bees would crowd
in streaks of glue between the top-bar
and section. Like many others, I pre-
fer to have nothing over the sections to
prevent the bees from having access to
the tops, and bees will not put as much
glue on a plane surface as in angles
and cracks. What glue they do put on
can be scraped off.

Bees by the Pound — Disease Carried
by the Queens, Etc.

1. Would a pound of bees shipped
from the South in the spring make a
good colony of bees by fall, say to be
shipped from Tennessee or Kentucky?

2. Would it be best to put such bees
on full combs, or just on starters?

3. If I should send South for some
queens and the apiarist from whom I
purchased these queens had a disease in
his apiary, by introducing them, would
my bees be liable to get the disease?

4. What color is the abdomen of a
3-banded Italian bee beside the 3 yel-
low bands, black or yellow?

Minnesota.
Answers. — I. Yes, if shipped early
enough in a good season.

2. There would be a decided gain in
giving them full combs ; and they should
also have the advantage of being kept
as snug and warm as possible.

3. The most common way of carry-
ing foul brood is by means of the honey;
and if honey from a diseased colony
were to be taken by the escort of work-
er-bees, or in the cage, you could safely
count on introducing the disease into
your apiary. It is generally believed

December, 1907.

/33

^»^^3^=<(

ii^American l^e JoornalJ

that the queen alone does ii.t carry the
disease; so when you rcrcivc a queen
through the mail, and arc ot absolute-
ly certain as to safety froin ilie disease,
introduce nothing but the queen alone.
Take a clean cage and put the queen
alone in it. Better make the change
before a window in the house, so that
if any workers of the escort get out
you can kill them on the window. Then
burn the cage in which the queen came,
bees and all.

4. Back of the 3 yellow bands the
rest of the abdomen looks about the
same as that of a black bee.

Late Feeding of Bees for Winter.

I have a colony of fine Italian bees
which have not stores enough to last
them a mouth. I had to take it away
last summer and have not as yet got it
home. How can I feed it at this late
day? It is in a chaff hive with extra
super on filled with cushions.

Answer. — The best way is to give
combs of sealed honey. Carefully take
out the empty frames and put the combs
of sealed honey close up to the bees,
for if there is a space between the bees
and the honey, and it should be quite
cold for a time, the bees might starve
without ever touching the honey.
What's that you say? "Haven't any
combs of sealed honey?" Well, that's
about what I expected. But make up
your mind that you'll always have them
hereafter.

Well, if you haven't combs of sealed
honey, maybe you have some honey in
sections. You can fit some sections in
a wide frame, or even a common brood-
fram^ by cutting away enough of the
sections to make them fit in the frame.
Rather an expensive way to feed ; still,
I've fed a good many sections in my
time.

If you haven't the sections either, you
can do quite well with candy. Take
best granulated sugar and stir it into
a very little hot water in a dish on the
stove; but whatever you do, don't let
it burn, for burnt syrup is death to
bees in winter. Better not set it down
in the stove-hole so the fire can touch
the dish, but set the dish on top of the
stove. Keep trying it, and when you
find a little stirred in a saucer will
grain, take it ofT quickly and pour into
dishes making cakes % of an inch to
I V* inches thick. Put over the frames
a cake of this candy that will pretty well
cover the frames, or if cakes are small
you can use more than one. Cover
this with some kind of cloth covering,
and shut up snug. Toward spring you
may need to repeat the dose, but if you
make the cakes thick enough and large
enough no more will be needed for a
good while. Your extra super on top
will give you an extra chance to put
on the candy and to pack it up warm.

2. All this comb is well filled with
pollen. Will this keep over winter, and
will it be all right to put in the combs
next spring? My intention is to use
these combs— 8 frames of them — in a
new hive next spring, for increase.

Illinois.

Answers. — i. If the comb is in good
condition except for the ravages of the
moth, it's good property, and it is well
worth your while to keep it to give
the bees again. Something, however,
depends upon how the bees fill out the
vacancies in the combs. If they fill them
up with drone-comb, you might better
melt up the combs and give foundation.
If given to a strong colony in a flourish-
ing condition you can count on a lot
of drone-comb; if given to a nucleus,
or to a swarm when first hived, you
may count on worker-comb.

2. Pollen keeps well through winter,
unless you keep it in a mouldy cellar,
and pollen in good condition, pound for
pound, is often worth as much as honey.

Moth-Eaten Combs — Pollen.
I. I have a "number of frames which
look very ragged on account of moth
ravages, some in which more than V2
of the comb is gone. Will the bees re-
pair this and fill out the frames again
if I give them to the bees next spring?
or would I better cut out all this comb
and put in new foundation?

Amount of Sugar for a Pound of
Honey.

Recently I had a suspicious customer
— I often have them. I told him I did
not know if bees would put glucose
syrup in comb and cap it over. I agreed
with him that they would put good
sugar syrup in comb and cap it over,
but from a little experience I had in
feeding up weak colonies I had my seri-
ous doubt whether there would be any
profit in it, or at least the profit would
be so small that the consumer would
have little to fear from that kind of a
fraud.

Aside from the fraud, the work, ex-
citing the bees to rob, and that we must
feed till the body of the hive is full
before the bees would put anything into
the super, how much sugar would we
have to feed for each pound section we
would get filled? Illinois.

Answer.- — I don't know. After every-
thing was filled up so that the bees real-
ly began storing in sections, it is pos-
sible that it wouldn't take much more
than a pound of dry sugar (of course
the weight of syrup would be more) to
make a pound of the stored — whatever
you would call it. If any one knows
anv more than I do about it, please
tell.

Hives Full of Frames for Winter.

It is perhaps a little late to ask the
question, still I should like to know if
it is good policy to keep all the frames
in a lo-frame hive over winter, even
though the cluster occupies only about
4 or 5 frames. Would you advise me
to remove some of the frames and to
put in a division-board? I use chaiT-
hives, and thought that everything was
in good shape as it is, without remov-
ing any frames. New York.

Answer. — Some time ago an eminent
authority in France made experiments
to compare the heat in a hive having
part of the frames occupied by a col-
ony and the hive filled out with empty
combs, but separated by a division-
board, with the same thing without a
division-board. A thermometer showed

there was no difference, and he decided
that a division-board was no better than
an empty comb. Since then it has been
pointed out that although a thcrmomclcr
may have shown precisely the same
temperature in one case as the other,
that does not by any means prove that
the division-board did no good, for in
the second case the bees burnt more fuel
(consumed more stores) to keep up the
heat, and we know well that the more
the bees eat the more their intestines are
loaded, and the shorter confinement they
can endure.

Clearly it would have been better if
so much empty space had not been left
for the bees to keep warm. Whether
it is better to make any change now is
another question. If the bees are in a
cellar whose temperature is 45 degrees
or more, it will almost surely be better
not to make any change, for the dis-
turbance will probably do more harm
than the change will do good. If the
bees are on their summer stands— really
I don't know enough to say whether
it is best to make any change or not;
but I half believe I'd risk them as they
arc.

Preventing Swarming — Location for
Observation-Hive.

1. I have 4 colonies of bees. If I
take say 2 frames from each colony
and form a new colony just before
swarming time, would it have any ef-
fect in preventing swarming? Or is
there a better way?

2. Has the Lyman method of swarm-
control any advantage over natural
swarming, except the necessity of
watching the bees? If so, what is it?

3. What is the bes-t location for an
observation-hive? Would an attic with
a southern exposure be good? or
would the attic with a northern expos-
ure be best? or what is the best?

Connecticut.
Answers. — i. There is a great dif-
ference in bees about swarming, some
colonies being much inclined that way,
others very little. Taking 2 frames of
brood from a colony of a very swarmy
disposition would be likely to have but
little effect. Even a colony not very
bad in that respect would not be much
affected by it if the frames were taken
away after preparations for swarming
were well on- the way and queen-cells
well started. Suppose, however, that
we have a colony not greatly given to
swarming. Indeed, the season is pretty
well along, and as yet no queen-cells
are started, although the colony is
strong, so strong that within a very
short time it will start queen-cells, and
if we take away 2 frames of brood today
it may be sufficient to make it give up
all thought of swarming. So you see
it depends upon circumstances.

2. Yes, with the Lyman method the
forces of the colony are not divided up
as they are with natural swarming.

3. The best location for an observa-
tion-hive is one that is most convenient
for the observer, and at the same time
comfortable for the bees. The most con-
venient place for you might be in one
of the living-rooms, and that would
likely be comfortable for the bees. But
there might be objections to that, such

December, 1907.

American lien Journal

as the meddling of children, driving
you to the attic, where there is danger
of too great heat on the south side.
In some attics the north side would be
all right ; in others still too hot. To
decide just the place for you, conditions,
and also premises, must be carefully
considered.

Roofing-Paper for Winter Cases —

Wintering on Summer Stands —

Do Bees Store Candy Feed?

1. I have 4 colonies of bees. For 2
of them I have wooden cases for winter,
with a 3-inch space all around, which I
pack with excelsior. I also put excelsior
on top. Would 2-ply roofing paper
fastened around the hive and over it,
be as warm as the wooden case and
packing? If not, would cushions 3
inches thick, filled with excelsior or
corn-husks, and then covered with roof-
ing paper be as good as the wooden
case?

2. How do you winter bees on the
summer stands?

3. When bees are fed candy, am I
right in thinking that they consume it
only as they need it, and do not store
it in the combs? Chicago.

Answers. — i. I doubt that the roof-
ing paper alone would be as good as
the wooden case and packing, but it is
likely the cushions and roofing paper
might be even better. Something, of
course, depends upon the closeness of
the two different coverings. It is prob-
ably easier to make the wood close
without cracks than the paper. But
granting equal closeness in each, the pa-
per might be the better, especially if
dark-colored.

2. I don't winter my bees on the
summer stands, but in cellar. When
I wintered on the summer stands some
years ago, I was not as successful as
in the cellar.

3. You are right in your view.

Home-Made Comb Foundation.

I keep a few colonies of bees for
my pleasure and have saved some wax.
Now, I don't like to sell wax for 20
cents a pound and buy foundation for
65 or 75 cents per pound. Can you
recommend the Rietsche press? If not,
say "No" to my second question; but
if you can, please give a few hints as
to how to make foundation.

1. Are you making your own founda-
tion?

2. Could I make foundation? I have
never seen it done. Oregon.

Answers. — i. My time has always
been so fully occupied with other things
that I never tried making comb founda-
tion. Besides, I think I can buy it
cheaper than I can make it. I use
foundation mostly for sections, and it
would take a good deal of practise to
enable me to make anv-thing like as
nice foundation as those who make a
business of it.

2. There are thousands of Rietsche
presses in use in Europe, and in the
foreign bee-papers one sees nothing but
praise for them. With the instructions
that you would receive with the press
without doubt vou could succeed, even

without ever having seen foundation
made. It is claimed that with the press
the foundation is softer and more ac-
ceptable to the bees. Situated as you
are with regard to prices, I think I
would get a press to make my brood
foundation, and probably do some ex-
perimenting to see if I couldn't make
it thin enough for sections.

Bees Deserting the Hive.

I transferred a colony of bees from
a hollow tree to a Danzenbaker hive,
filling up 4 or 5 frames with the combs
from the tree. The balance of the
frames had starters in them. After a
few bees had gone into the hive I found
the queen, caught her, and put her
down among the frames. I left them
there until the next day, and when I
went back to get them, all of the bees
were gone. What made them leave?
I can't figure out any reason. There
were young bees, eggs, and brood in
the combs. Oklahoma.

Answer. — At this distance of time and
place it isn't the 'easiest thing to make
a guess. One of the most common
causes of bees deserting a hive is high
temperature. When a freshly hived
swarm is set out in the broiling sun on
a hot day, you may count fairly well on
the bees deserting such an uncomfort-
able place. But it may be that your
bees were in cool shade. Nothing is
said about how far the hive was from
the tree, their old location. If you took
the bees a mile away from the tree, they
would be more likely to stay. But if
only a few rods from the tree, then
many of the field-bees, if not all, when
they returned from their first visit to
the fields, instead of going to the hive,
would return to the old location. Then
it would be nothing so very strange if
the balance of the bees would have a
lonesome, discouraged feeling, and
would take French leave. But as to
knowing anything for certain about it,
I suspect that as long as you live, every
time you think about it, you can only
say, "I wonder what made those bees
leave."

Queen-Bee to Start a Colony.

Will you kindly give me the address
of some reliable person from whom I
can order by mail a queen-bee? Will
this be sufficient to start a colony? How
are they to be fed in winter?

Tennessee.

Answer. — My good friend, this is not
the best time in the year to make a start
in the bee-business, and it isn't best to
start with a queen alone. I think at
this point that I hear some one say in
a superior nianner,"Why, any fool ought
to know that colony of bees was never
started with a queen alone." Now look
here, don't you be getting too smart.
I've heard of a colony being started
with nothing but a queen, and if you
never heard of it, it's time you did.
What's more than that, lots of colonies
have been started that way, lots and
lots of them every spring. Of course
they're bumble-bees, but one doesn't
know about such things till one learns.

Hive-bees are social beings, and a

queen will not make much headway
without a few thousand handmaids as
helpers in the form of worker-bees. So
you must start with a full colony or at
least a nucleus which means quite a
small colony.

Before it is time to make a start in
spring you will find queens and bees
advertised in the American Bee Journal.

Look at the answer to "Ijidiana,"
as to feeding in winter ; but if you are
wise you will never need to feed in
winter.

Best thing for you to do is to get
at once a book of instruction about bee-
keeping— you'll find them advertised in
this paper — and make a study of it this
winter. You'll save more than the price
of the book in the mistakes you are like-
ly to avoid next summer.

Rearing Queens.

Last spring I sent to Texas for a
queen-bee which I gave to a queenless
colony that I thought was strong enough
to be worth requeening. The queen
proved to be so good a one that I con-
cluded that I wanted some young queens
from her, and so gave her unlimited
space for laying. I used a few combs
containing eggs and larvae in hives of
queenless bees. At the end of the early
white honey-flow and, before the later
flow began, the queen had established
herself in the second story and had
several combs of brood there. The low-
er story had 3 or 4 combs of sealed
and hatching brood, but no larvae so i
young that queens could be reared from
it. I found the queen in the upper
story and took the comb she was on
and placed it in another hive with all
of the combs from this upper story
that contained any brood. Then I took
a comb from the lower story, contain-
ing only honey, and gave in its place
the comb from the upper story, on
which the queen had done her latest
laying. The bees of the lower story
went immediately to work and started
a lot of queen-cells on this comb. I
think I found one cell started on an-
other comb, but this I destroyed. All
the queens I reared on the comb given
did good work later. Is there any rea-
son why queens thus reared should not
be as good as those reared by any other
method? Iowa.

Answer. — Let's see. You divided a
very strong colony into 2 parts. In
one part was the queen and frames of
the later brood, in the other part the
more mature brood and one frame of
the youngest brood. Of course, also,
plenty of nurse-bees in each part. One
part, supposedly, was put on a new
stand, and the other left on the old
stand. If the queen was left on the old
stand, and the queenless part put on the
new stand, the field-bees would all go
to the old stand, leaving the queenless
part practically in a dearth of honey,
and you are not likely to rear the best
queens when bees are feeling to any
degree the dread of starvation.

I do not think, however, that was what
you did. I think you left the queenless
part on the old stand, and with plenty
of nurse-bees to take care of the queen-
cells, and abundance of honey coming

American Hee Journal

757

in, tlie bees would he in Ih,( condition
for queen-rearing. You will be told,
however, by some good bo -keepers and
intclliRent, that the bees u II be in such
a hurry to rear a young queen that they
will select larvre too old for best suc-
cess. So if there was anything beyond
eggs and very young larva? in the frame
of unsealed brood given them, you may
expect some poor queens, if those men
are correct. I do not at all believe tbey
are correct, and my belief is based on
a pretty large experience in allowing
qucenlcss bees to make their selection
from brood of all ages. This, however,
I have experienced: The bees continue
for several days to start fresh cells, and
the last started may be with too-old
larvse. So it is better to reject these
latest cells. But if you have virgin
comb filled with eggs and brood as giv-
en in " Forty Years among the Bees."
page 237, and have your queen-cells
built from this, you may count on all
the cells being started from larvoe
young enough. Just why this difference
i don't know, only that I have reared
hundreds of queens in that way, and
think I have had good proof that none
of them were reared from larvx too
old. ^

Black Bees in Italian Colony — Fall
Feeding — Non-Hatching Eggs.
I have just finished reading "Forty
Years Among the Bees." I found it
very interesting and instructive.

1. I had a colony swarm July 13, 1906.
The young queen was very small, and
never" laid. August 9 I replaced her
with an imported golden queen. Dur-
ing last spring the black bees gradually
disappeared, but there were always 3 or
4 to be seen fanning in the entrance
in the same corner every fine evening.
June 22, 1907, I divided them, putting
4 nuclei in one lo-frame hive, and
stuffed the entrances with grass. When
I pulled out the grass there were 6
black bees dead in one entrance. These
were the only black bees I could find
in the nuclei, and the only bees that
were dead, although some of the others
were very weak and unsteady from suf-
focation. Is it possible that these bees
were the daughter of the old black
queen that swarmed July 13, 1906? Her
swarm gradually weakened during the
fall and died in early winter. My one
other colony was headed by a leather
Italian. There are no other bees within
2j4 miles as the crow flies.

2. Is there any danger of feeding too
much or too fast in the fall, either from
troughs outside or from feeders inside
the hives?

3. Is it common for a queen to lay
eggs that will not hatch? I do not re-
member reading of any. I reared 6
leather queens the past summer. They
are heading 6 strong colonies now. I
also reared 6 golden queens. Only one
of them laid, but her eggs did not hatch.
She was the largest and finest-looking
queen I ever saw, and laid as many as
6 eggs in some cells. She had more
bees than some nuclei that did well.

Prince Edward Island.

Answers. — i. That's a tough one. It
hardly seems credible that a worker-bee
should 'have lived through from July 13

to the end of the following June. It is
often the case that black bees stray in
from other hives, but they would hard-
ly come 2>i miles. It might be that
your yellow queen was not purely mat-
ed, and some of her progeny black, but
in that case the number of black bees
would hardly be so small as you seem
to mention. I give it up.

2. If fall feeding must be resorted to,
the faster the better. For late in the
fall all that is expected of the bees is
to store what is given them, and as it is
given them, whereas when fed at the
earlier and better time the feed should
be thin and the bees should have time
to make the proper changes in it.

3. It is very uncommon. In 47 years'
experience I have had only a single case
of the kind to my knowledge; and I
have read of very few cases. Y'ou are
not likely to have another. Of course
the trouble is with the queen, and the
only remedy is to kill her and replace
her with one that can lay a better brand
of eggs.

Possibly it may be well to mention
that any queen may lay eggs that do not
hatch, but in that case the fault is not
with the eggs. It is perhaps the usual
thing in the fall that the last eggs laid
by a queen do not hatch, probably be-
cause the bees do not furnish heat
enough, and the same thing may some-
times occur in the spring. But as I un-
derstand it, in the case you mention
everything was favorable for the hatch-
ing of any properly disposed egg.

Answering Questions — Wintering
Bees Under Snow-Drifts — Tar-
taric Acid in Winter Stores.

1. Why do we never get any answers
to the questions we send to you through
the question departments of the various
bee-papers?

2. What will be the result of winter-
ing bees out of doors in a locality like
some parts of the coast where a large
proportion of the snowfalls are accom-
panied by high winds, that cause the
snow to pile up in huge drifts and banks
that often bury small objects like a bee-
hive completely, sometimes 6 feet deep?
In dividing some of my colonies last
summer I unwittingly placed several
hives in a location which I have since
been told is in the direct path of the
worst snowdrifts in the neighborhood.
In fact, this is within a narrow space
that catches the drifting snow from off
a large field during successive snow-
storms and which at times is 10 feet
deep. I am very much averse to mov-
ing a colony of bees after it is once es-
tablished in a place, especially during
cold weather.

3. Although the following question is
somewhat out of season, will you tell us
the result of your experience in mixing
tartaric acid or other acids with sugar
syrup for winter stores? I haven't had
time to experiment in this, and this fall
I followed Prof. Cook's advice accord-
ing to his book, and put an even tea-
spoon of tartaric acid into 15 pounds of
syrup. I think this amount of acid is
altogether too much for the amount of
syrup. I believe much less acid in pro-
portion would keep the syrup from crys-

tallizing. The bees evidently do not like
it.

4. What is the result of mixing the
acid with cold or boiling syrup, relative-
ly, and in different proportions?

Massachusetts.

Answers. — i. I don't know. Certain
it is that a goodly number of those who
send questions get answers, as is abund-
antly testified by the amount of space
occupied each month in this depart-
ment. I think I have made replies of
some kind to every question ever sent
me, when the writer told me in what
publication he wanted the answer to ap-
pear. If, by some strange means any
letter of yours has come under the head
of "lost, strayed, or stolen," let us hope
it may not occur again.

2. Reports of results when hives were
buried in deep snow have not always
been the same. I think that in most
cases it has been reported that the bees
have done well, the snow making a fine
protection, being porous enough so there
was no suffering from lack of ventila-
tion. I have no distinct data at hand,
but if memory is not at fault some cases
have been reported in which the bees
seemed too warm, breeding being start-
ed, with diarrhea following.

3. Some years ago I had considerable
experience in feeding iip for several
winters with tartaric acid in syrup. I
used an even teaspoonful of acid for 20
pounds of sugar. I think it worked all
right. How much acid that would be
to a given weight of syrup depends on
the strength of the syrup. For winter
feeding I used S pounds of sugar to 2
of water, and that made a teaspoonful
of acid to 28 pounds of syrup. Prof.
Cook's teaspoonful of acid to 15 pounds
of svrup looks jm-t at first glance as if
he made it about twice as strong with
acid as I did. Whether he really did
so depends upon the strength of the
syrup. Referring to Cook's Manual,
edition of 1902, page 266, where he men-
tions an even teaspoonful of acid to 15
pounds of syrup, it will be seen that he
says, "We use equal parts of sugar and
water." With the proportion of a tea-
spoonful to 20 pounds of sugar there
would be a teaspoonful to 40 poun-ds
of half-and-half syrup. That, against
his 15 pounds of syrup, shows that he
made it 2 2-3 times as strong as I did.
Mine seemed to be strong enough, and
yet I think at least one man reported
that with the same strength as I used
his syrup granulated.

Of late years I have used no acid.
If I fed at all I gave half-and-half syrup
in August or early September, and the
bees made it all right without any acid.
I cannot help thinking this is better
than later feeding with acid. My feed-
ers are becoming idle capital, as the pas-
turage has so changed that a fall flow
mav always be counted on.

4. I have had no experience as to dif-
ferent proportions, nor as to stirring
acid into cold syrup; but I should think
it quite difticul't to get the acid well
mixed in the syrup. My plan was to
dissolve the acid in a cup of hot water,
and then stir it into the hot syrup. But
I don't believe it advisable to use acid
at ail. If you must feed, feed thin
enough, and early enough, and the bees
will do the rest.

December, 1907.

Fine Shape tor Winter.
The bees in this district have gone into
winter quarters in fine shape.

John S. Semmens.
Konantz, Colo., Nov. 4.

American Hee Journal

Extra Year for Bees.

This has been an e.xtra year for bees
and honey. Bees are going into winter
quarters in fine condition, with both
plenty of bees and plenty of honey.
The past season I secured something
like $50 worth of honey (1025 pounds)
and 2 swarms. Big yarn, but neverthe-
less it is true, and the honey is fine.
G. W. Vangundy.

Jensen, Utah, Nov. 3.

Outlook Good in Cuba.

The outlook seems quite good for a
good honey-flow this fall unless the
rains stop suddenly. But the preced-
ing p-months' drouth and cyclone, with
the flood, have killed almost one-half
the bees on the island.

M. E. Engle.

Los Palacios, Cuba, Oct. 20.

Fair Fall Crop of Honey.

We have had a fair crop of fall hon-
ey, and all sold so far at 10 cents a
pound for extracted and 15 cents for
comb, . packages not included. Oceans
of white clover came up last spring
which is in fine shape now.

S. F. Trego.

Swedona, 111. Nov. 11.

Honey and Prices Better.

The weather is "fine as silk." Bees
are on the ' summer stands and having
frequent flights. The honey crop, while
not a bumper one in size, in quality was
the very best, and the prices much im-
proved over former years. Bees ap-
pear in general to have plenty of stores
to tide them over winter.

F. W. HALr..

Hull, Iowa, Nov. 16.

Rocky Mountain Honey — Wintering
on Summer Stands.

1. I send you to-day a sample of my
honey, and would like to know what yoii
think of our Rocky Mountain product.

2. -My hives are the Langstroth. The
bees are strong, and I have left them
on the summer stands. I put the bees
all in the lower hives and put 4 thick-
nesses of gunny-sack over the frames,
and left the top-boxes on full of honey
for a reserve, and the lower hives also-
have plenty of stores. What do you
think of that for winter?

Utah.

1. The honey is very good indeed.
It is so white, and the grain is so fine.

2. The commendable part of your pack-
ing is the great amount of stores left
for the bees. A strong colony of bees
will stand almost anything else if only
they have abundance of stores, and are
allowed to arrange those stores to their
own notion. Too often the question
seems to be, "How small an amount of
stores can I leave the bees and risk
their getting through the winter?" while
you seem to ask, "How much can I
manage to leave with the bees for their
winter supply?" And in that you are
wise. — ^Editor.]

Virginia Bee-Keeping.

I have been down in Palmyra, Va.,
visiting my brother. You should see
the Southern bee-hive, or "gum," as they
call it. It is about 10 inches square, 2
feet high, with a space of about 6 inches
of the top partitioned off for surplus
honey. It was suggested that as I was
a bee-keeper that I take away the sur-
plus honey that evening, as it was cold
enough to make the bees numb, and,
in their opinion, make them less apt
to sting me ! I told them that I pre-
ferred to take the chance in the middle
of the day. So the next day about
noon they reminded me that it was
warm enough for the bees to swarm,
and offered to hunt up some gloves and
old mosquito net if I wanted it. but I
thanked them and lighted a bit of
pitchy pine and blew a little smoke in
at the entrance, then a little more at
the top. Then I went to work and took
the surplus honey out, and "took up"
one late swarm without getting a sting,
which they thought remarkable, as one
bee chased 5 or 6 men away from me.
Now those bees were quite a small var-
iety of the black bee, so-called Italian
bees down there.

I think that they have model places
for the bee-business. If they would
wake up and jump over about 50 years,
and get modern hives and transfer their
bees into them, they could make some-
thing out of their bees. I think that
their bees are inclined to be milder than
our black bees, and while their honey is
not so fine flavored as our white clover
and basswood, it is very rich.

E. E. Kennicott.

Glenview, 111.

Keeping Bees for Pleasure.

While the majority of writers tell us
about keeping bees for the dollars and
cents there is in it, I am going to tell
you about niy keeping bees for the
pleasure there is in it.

My work is in a railroad office, and
is very tiresome and trying on the
nerves to one with poor health. My
health is broken down, and I have not
seen a well day for the past 10 years.
Yet I try to nerve myself up and push
forward, and not allow myself to stop
and think about how bad I do feel.

To explain matters more fully, 25
years ago, while employed as a rail-
road brakeman, and in the act of
coupling cars, my foot slipped, and I
was caught between the bumpers of the
cars and had my entire lower jaw and
tongue crushed out. This left me in a
very trying position. At first I could
not eat any solid food and could not
talk, not even able to utter a sound of

any description. All the surgeons and
doctors who had charge of me at the
hospital, as well as those that came to
the hospital to see me, told me that I
would never be able to speak again, as
the o'rgans of speech were all gone.
This was a hard blow and made me
feel very bad, as it was hard to think
of going through life and not being
able to speak. The old adage, "Where
there's a will there's a way" came to
me, and I thought, "I have the will;
will the way be provided?" The Lord
heard my faint call for help and came
to my aid, as He will to all those who
will only let Him. He gave me the gift
of speech, and although it was the hard-
est work I ever did, I finally learned
to form words so that I could talk.
This has been one of the greatest bless-
ings that I could have received. As to
my eating, I have to take my food
specially prepared so that I can eat it.
As I can not chew any of my food,
my stomach has double work to do all
the time — that of mastication and di-
gestion. Therefore I have suffered
greatly with my stomach, and have at
times such a distressed and nervous
feeling.

I get 2. hours at noon. One I spend
eating my dinner, and the other I spend
working with my bees when the weath-
er is favorable. My bees have been a
great benefit to me in regard to my
health. When I come home from the
office weary and nervous, and on the
ragged edge of despair, instead of sit-
ting down and worrying about how bad
I feel, I will go out to my bees, open
up the hives and watch them working,
when the sight of the little fellows
hustling and tumhling over each other
in their hurry to get in and out of the
hive, seems to drive all the worry and
care away, and makes me feel like a
new man. Therefore I feel that my
bees have been both a great pleasure
and a benefit to me, as well as supply-
ing myself and family with good, de-
licious honey, of which we consume
from 350 to 400 pounds per year, using
extracted honey in place of fruit, but-
ters, jams, etc., as it is much more
healthful. I use bread made from the
whole-wheat flour, and spread each bite
on both sides with extracted honey in
order that I may be able to eat it. I
find that the honey is very healthful
and also very nourishing, and I feel
much better after eating it than if I
eat fruit butters, jams, etc.

Now, while I got away from bee-
keeping to a certain extent, yet I feel
that there are hundreds of others who
have poor health that would be greatly
benefited if they would get a few colo-
nies of bees, a good bee-book, and one
or more good bee-papers, and spend
their leisure hours working with the
bees, reading the bee books and papers,
and try to get what pleasure they can
out of life instead of worrying and fret-
ting over what can not be cured. One
can keep bees almost anywhere. I have
my bees on the rear of a small village
lot, and they do not molest any one.
J. T. Eli-ioit.

Colliers, W. Va., Nov. 26.

December, 1907.

American Me Journa

759

ladex to VoluDii XLVII.

SUBJECTS

Adulteration of honey — 358.

Advertising honey — so6» 257, 309, 415, 546,

681.
Afterswanns — 66 1.

Age of larvae for quecn-rcaring — 466.
Age when (lucen docs best work — 545.
Aggassiz Association — 450.
Alexander feeder — 266.
Alexander weak-colony p]an — 449.
Alfalfa honey in Ontario — 651.
Alfalfa pollen— 205.
Alsikc clever — 338, 490.
Alsike with red clover for bees — 93.
American bee-keepers criticised — 455.
American Breeders* Association — 456.
Among the bees 6 weeks, a girl — 112.
Amount of Iioney per acre — 534.
Amount of sugar per pound of honey — 755.
Answering ciuestions — 125, 126, 757.
Antenna; of bees — 538.
Ant i-s warming — 414.

Ants in the apiary and hives — 485, 606.
Apiarian exhibits and premiums at Fairs — 616.

648, 712, 715. 722, 744. 753-
Apiarian Matters — 624.
Apiarian progress — 619.

Apiary of —

Adkins, Geo. H. — 226.
Anderson. N. P. — 534.
Banker, Otto — 206.
Caley, G. D.— 681.
Coburn, John P. — 350.
Darrow, Chas. M. — 370.
Dysart, Samuel — 350.
Gray, H. E.— 106.
Hoffman, Fred — 47.
Kennicott, E. E- — 410.
Rigg, Thos. M. — 730.
Salazar. M. A. — 680.
Sauer, G. L. — 430.
Shannon, Robert — 278.
Stevens, John — 46.

Apicultural progress — 430.

Apis dorsata combs — 75, 185.

Armful swarm of bees — 86.

Aster honey, peculiar odor of — 97.

Automobiles condemned — 527.

Average buckwheat yield per acre — 632.

Average honey crop — 533.

Average yield per colony — 593.

Back-yard bee-keeping — 318.

Bacteria of the apiary — 687.

"Badger"' bee-keeper in Texas — 374.

Baiting wild bees — 469.

Balled queens — 629, 646.

Banat bees — 429.

Basswood growing — 245.

Bears and bees — 265.

Bee a Sabbath-breaker — 166.

Bee-candy — 205, 213.

Bee-cellar construction — 286.

Bee-cellar heated with electric heater — 191.

Bee-Cave— 682.

Bee-culture vs. horticulture — 109.

Bee-diseases, studying — 75.

Bee-glue — 437.

Bee-houses or hive-covers — 594.

Bee-inspectors for Ontario— 114

Bee-keeping a "queer calling" — 92.

Bee-keeping for farm boys and giils — 151.

Bee-keeping for women — 30, 282.

Bee- Keeping in^
Arkansas — 267.
Australia — 743.
Bee-County, Texas — 130.
Berkeley — 243.
Bermuda — 682.
California — 280.
Carniola — 484.
Cuba — 232.
Danube — 727.
East Africa — 48.
Indian Territory — 155, 196.
Lake Superior district — 3 1 8 .
Michigan — 523.
Montana — 339-
New Zealand — 617.
North Carolina — 723.
North Dakota — 318.
Oklahoma — 196.
Rio Grande — 711.
South (first in) — 129.
Southwest — 747.

Virginia — 75S. ^

West Indies — 719.

Bee-keepers, transient and permanent — 71.
Bee-Man (poem) — 615.

Kee-inoth larvx— 286, 628.

llee-paper — making it helpful to all— 25.

Mee paralysis — 55. iii, 396, 466.

Hee^ and ccilors — 533.

Hees ami fruit — 109, 237, a64.

Bees and grapes— 14, 33, 85, iro, 216, 246.

Beeu and honey for 1907 — 741 .

llce:» and horticulture — 693.

Bee!) a nuisance, claims— 566.

Bees as blossom- fertilizers — 453, 454.

Heen at Jamestown l^xposition — 298.

Bee;» attack i>assengers — 743.

Bec;i building up— 565.

Ueea by the pound — 754.

Bec!) capture a new home — 588.

Been carrying water at night — 600.

Been deserting hive — 756.

Bees exterminating bugs — 533. •

Bees hanging tnnliT brood- frames — 660.

Bees in a finieral procession — 49.

Bce^ increase church fund — 7 1 1.

Bcps in the ends of the earth — 194-

Bee-smoker, use of — 191.

Bee-smojcers — 30.

Bees moving eggs— 535.

Bev^s race pigeons — 712. ^

Been robbing in the spring — 355-

Bees starved in the cellar — 589.

Bee-stories — 49.

Bees tearing down foundation — 196.

Bee-sting poison — 28. 116, 372.

Bee-stings — 16. 93. 587. 662.

Beeswax candles — 569.

Beeswax cleaning — 416.

Beeswax for floor-polish — 71.

Beet vs. cane sugar — 614.

Bee-veils — 191. 263, 523, 535.

Beginners and the bee-papers — 172.

Beginners in bcc-kecping, first things for — 8,

215. 2S0, 413. 69T, 694-
Benton's search for new races of bees — 584.
Best beer, for comb honey — 246.
Betler-natured bees — 284.
Bingham hive — 132.

Biographical — ■

Drake, F. H.— <;o2.

Kstabrook. A. II. — 502.

Gates. Burton, N. — 502.

Goodell. Chas. H. — 502.

Muth-Rasnuissen, \Vm. — 725.

Scholl. Mr. and Mrs, Louis H. — 66, 747.

Smith. L. B.— 7"-

Pryal, Andrew D. — 207.

York, Sallie Ward, 713.

-593-

Black hees from an "Italian" queen-
Black bees in Italian colony — 757.
Black bees vs. Italians — 105, 262, 174. 247,

371-
Black brood — 633.
Black-Carniolans — 126.
Black-stockinged little girl — 172.
Bottom-boards^ — 300.

Bottom-starters in sections — 257. 369.
Box-hives, buying bees in — 1 1.
Bravery of bee-keeping — 728.
Bread and Honey (poem) — 482.
Breeding ?. pure race of bees— 145.
Breeding bees by selection — 663. 718.
Breeding the best queens — S'S.
Breeding up for winter — 698.
Brevity sometimes dangerous — 389.
Brood-chamber in winter — 549.
Brood-combs, replacing — 696.
Brood foundation — 396.
Brood-frames for extracting — 697.
Brood in hiven in winter — 1 50.
Brushing bees at night — 593.
Brushing bees with feather duster — 241.
Building up- colonies — 376.

Building up colonies for the honey-flow — 189.
Bulk comb honey production — 257, 378, 682.
Bur-combs — 260.
Buying and selling honey between bee-keepers

'^192.
Buying been in box-hives — 11.
Buying bees or making increase — 245.

Caeed queen, where to put — 742.
Cqlcium chloride in the cellar — 165.
California, a Modern Mecca — 752.
California bee-ranches — 615.
California honev-conditions — 300.
Camping in California (Gathri^hts) — 106.
Canadian Bec Journal sold — 228.
Canadian postage rate — 389, 430. 486.
Candied honey, getting out combs — 54.
Candy feed for bees — 756.
Capninff on bottom-board — 1«;4.
Carbolic acid ' for swarms — 627.
Careless bee-keepers — 535.
Carnegie and the bee — 126.
Carniolan bees — 3^5;, 662.
Garniolanr. or Italians ?^ — t^/i.
Carrying beer, under difficulties — 226.
Carrying up dark honey — 185.
"Catty" molasses vs. foul-broody honey — jci.
Caucasian bees — 54, 399. 459. 4S3. =^=2. 683.
726.

Cellar wintering of bees— 115. U9. '54, 24»i

746.
Cement hivc-stands and l>«.it..nis- ^51, 432,

4H6.
Changing hives — 726.
Cheap hives — 597.
Chickcni eating young ants — 174-
Chickens in the apiary — !$•
Child and "seated" swarm — 712.
Children bee-keepers— 631.
Chunk honey— 358.
City fttnct swarm — 647.
Clarifying beeswax — 306.
Cleaning sections of honey — 95, 125, IS'. i93»

195. 300, 337, 503.
Clipping queens — 194, 261, 317, 358, 392, 393,

415. 453. 484. 524, 582* 595-
Closed-cncl frame — 132.

Closed end to Hoffman or Miller frames — 550.
Cold experiment — 228.
Colonics for the pasture — 114-
Colorado Association's annual report — 223.
Colors for painted hives — 114-
Comb and extracted honey, ratio of — 154*
Comb attached to sections — 721.
Combined hive-cover and bcc-fecdcr — 72.
Comb-building — 567.
Comb-foundation, home-made — 756.
Comb- honey misrepresentations — 94.
Comb honey production — 12, 207, 377, 746-
Comb hont-y shipping — 6.
Comb-levelers — 286, 534-

Comb or extracted honey for beginners— 351.
Comb or extracted honey, which? — 170, 171.
Combs of granulated honey — 215.
Commercial letter writers — 504.
Commission law in Washington — 628.
Control of increase — 74. I7S'

Convention Reports^

Brantford, Ont. — 149, 170, 189, 209, 233.

California — 596.

Connecticut — 487.

Fillmore Co., Minn — 126.

Illinois — 235, 742.

Kansas — 210.

Michigan — 91, 130.

Minnesota — 46, 86.

National — 283, 709.

Ontario — 11, 30. 52. 72i, 745-

Texas — 591.

Worcester Co., Mass— 87, 3S6, 522, 583-

Yorkville, HI. — 127.

Corn-tassel honey — 29.

Cotton honey for winter stores — 661.

Cotton-seed meal as pollen — 192.

Cover- feeder 227.

"Cover Them Over" (poem) — 445.
Cow with sweet tooth — 628.
Crooked combs — 523.
Crosa bees — 512.
Curious customs — 7i4«

Dampnesa in hives — 34-

Danzenbaker hive and system — 377, 4^7, 595-

Dark bees the hardiest — 589.

Dead-beat honey-buyers — 627.

Dead bec with pollen — 205.

Death Notices—

Burdett-Coutts, Baroness — 93, 251.
Dzierzon, Dr. John — 27.
Hammond, Luther — 186.
Pryal, A. D.— 752.
Stachelhausen, L- — 658.
West, David J. — 614.
York, Sallie Ward — 713.

"De Bizzy Honey Bee" — 683.

Dental wax — 286.

Depending upon bees — 714-

Deserting swarms — 697.

Detecting adulterants in honey — 389.

Detecting a honey-flow — 588.

Deutscher Imkerbund — 727.

Difference in bee-eggs — 594;

Different prices for same kind of honey — 4S7.

Digestion in bees — 27.

Dining-room decoration of bees — 282.

Disease carried by the queen — 754.

Disease from comb foundation — 245.

Distance bees gather nectar — 393-

Distance bees go for nectar — 94.590.

Distance of apiary from the highway — 508,

594-
Distance to breed pure queens — 335, 514.
Distribution of honey — 745-
Dividing colonies — 628, 660.
Dividing colonies for buckwheat flow — 359.
Divisible brood-chamber hive — 394, 657.
Do bees carry eggs or larvae? — 592.
Do bees freeze to death? — 108.
Does tiie queen consciously fertilize eggs? —

565.
Doubled colonies — 265.
Dovetailed hive — 266.
Drifting or mixing of bees — 370.
Driving out drones — 570.

December, 1907.

Drone-cell building — 47.

Drone-comb-^— 266.

Drone-comb from worker- foundation — 449.

Drone-laying workers — ^35.

Drones, few — 660.

Drones' flight — 47.

Drones flying Jan. 5. — 116.

Drones for service — 32.

Drones from mismated queens — 698.

Drones in winter — 265.

Drones, too many — 660.

Dummies for hives — 95, 215.

Dummies in place of combs — 34.

Ducks in the bee-yard — 512.

Dwarf bees in old combs (?) — 449.

Dysentery among bees — 393.

Early bee-keeping — 135.
Early drones — 469.
Earth for cleaning fingers — 651.
Early manipulation of bees — 484.
Early rains for honey — 214.
Educating consumers on honey — 45.
Electric heat for bee-cellars — 257, 335.
Elm honey from leaves — 335.
"Emma" means honey-bees — 587.
Empty combs, caring for — 349.
Enduring bee-stings — 174.
Enemies of bees, spiders, etc. — 68.
Entrance controller, Weber's — 646.
Entrance-guards and swarming — 437.
Epitaph of bee-keeper — 298.
* "Erythema" from bee-stings — 116.
Essentials in bee-keeping — 724.
Eucalyptus honey — 749.
Experience with bees — 451, 691, 692.
Expert British sisters — 503.
Extra combs of honey for spring — 645.
Extracted and comb honey, relative values —

237-
Extracted honey prices — 598.
Extracted honey production — 311, 451, 678

745. 75^^-
Extracted honey ripening — 750.
Extracted-combs — 170, . 678.
Extracting-comb, cleaning up wet — 298.
Extracting from foul-broody combs — 281.
Extracting honey — 628.
Extractor, Mohr (Swiss) — 582

Fairy bee-story — 569.

Fall flowers in California — 725.

Fall management of bees — 52.

Farmer trade in honey — 318.

Fastening foundation — 437.

Fastening queen-cell in hive — 613.

February care of bees — 152.

Feeding and feeders — 229, 260, 266, 330, 374,

411. 538, 684.
Feeding back honey — 696.
Feeding back to finish sections — 720.
Feeding bees for winter stores — 655, 714, 741,
^ 757.

Feeding bees in bnx-hives — 174.
Feeding bees in fall — 757.
Feeding bees in spring — 16, 229, 538.
Feeding bees in tenement hive — 154.
Feeding bees in winter — 29, 73, 134, 215, 246.
Feeding bees outdoors — 59S.
Feeding bees through a sponge — 746.
Feeding comb honey — 215.
Feeding combs of syrup — 191.
Feeding common syrup — 175
Feeding honey-dew in spring — igo.
Feeding sugar to starving bees — 187.
Feeding thin syrup late — 523, 655.
Fences and plain sections — 598.
Fencea carrying sections — 352.
Fertilizing eggs? how does^ queen — 658.
Finding queens — 601.
First apiary in South — 265.
Five-banders not hardy — 598.
Flouring bees when imiting — 700.
Flow of nectar? — does the bee start the — 710.
Folding sections — 263.
Food value of honey — 689, 710.
Fool swarms — 589.
Foreign field, notes — 622.
Foreign honey in Canada — 92.
Foretelling white clover yield — 15;^.
"Forty Years Among the Bees" — 377.
Foul brood— 131. 238. 350, 354, 469, 485, 507.

647. 656, 677, 686, 693. 745. 746.
Foul brood inspection — 262.
Foul Brood Laws — 410, 433, 507.
Foul-brood legislation — 549.
Foul brood, may have European — 97.
Foul-brood spores, destroying — 449.
Foul-brood treatment — 54, 409, 693, 698.
Foul-broody colony defending itself — 549.
Foul-broody honey — 709.
Foundation, prevention of sagging — 628.
Frame-spacers, metal — 533.
Freakish things bees do — 753.
Freas. (Mr.) in a buckwheat field— 106.
Freight-rates on honey, bees, etc — 85, 129, 168,

206, 213, 300, 307, 308, 315.
Full sheets of foundation — 246.
Fumigating combs with formaldehyde — 194.

American liee Journal

Fumigatmg foul-broody combs with formalde-
hyde— 47, 133.
Future for honey — 25.

Gait of a bee — 598.

Gasoline engines — 87.

Gasoline engine for extracting — 726.

Gasohne for foul-broody combs — 698.

Gathering clover pollen — 246.

Gathering honey, one bee — 746.

Gathering only the sweet (poem) — 27.

Getting most surplus honey — 285.

Getting ready for the harvest — 134, 332.

Giving sections — 225.

Glucose and sugar syrup, storing and cap-

pmg — 114.
"Go-back" sections — 660.
Golden bee! — 743, 744.
Golden bees, hardiness of — 628.
Golden Italians, management of — 518, 524.
Good and poor seasons alternating — 154.
Good reading matter, plea for — g.
Government aid to apiculture — 354.
Government help for bee-keeping — 13.
Grading extracted honey — 679.
Granulated honey, liquefying — 651.
Granulation of honey^ — 74, 264.
Granulation of honey, prevention — 310.
Grape3 and bees — 155.
Ground-moles in the apiary — 514.
Gu3 Dittmer Company — 744,

Handling bees during a honey-flow — 624.
Handling bees for others — 601.
Heat escaping from cluster — 136.
Heat from colony below super — 281.
Helpful hints in extensive bee-keeping — 719,
Hershiser hive-stands and wax-press — 88, 228,

. 432.
High prices for honey — 242.
Historical — 316, 570.
Hive-body feeding — 374.
Hive-bottoms — 586, 723.
Hive-covers — 266, 396, 485.
Hive-entrances in outdoor wintering — 300, 317,

. 399. 415-
Hive-lifting devices — 49, 213.
Hive-making, at home and otherwise — 28, 174,

176, 208, 304, 462.
Hive paraphernalia to start with — 154.
Hives full of frames for winter — 755,
Hives, height from ground — 725.
Hives, home-made — 12S.
Hives in California — 283.

Hives under snow — 174, 757. '

Hive-tool — 37S.
Hive-wall thickness — 449.
Hoffman frames — 504.
"Home Bee-Song" (poem) — 599.
Home-made hives — 128.
Home Song (poem) — 350.
Honesty among bees — 265.
Honey and noisy enthusiasm — 298.
Honey and sugar for consumptives — 353.
Honey and the "yellow press" — 282.
Honey as a remedy — 213.
Honey as food — 105.
Honey-brine — 715.
Honey-butter ruled out — 145, 281.
Honey-cakes, "Freyhoff" — 242.
Honey-cakes or honey-ginger bread — 371.
Honey crop and prices for 1907 — 650, 749.
Honey crop of 1906 — 214.

Honey-dealing annoyances — 335. |

Honey-dealing, some early — 145.
Honey-dew, loss from — 216.
Honey-dew on pine-trees — 98.
Honey exhibits — 693.
Honey extractor, invention of — 148.
Honey for curing bronchitis — 176.
Honey for infants' food — 335.
Honey for Texas producers — 416.
Honey for the hands — 34.
Honey from alfalfa in Ontario — 53.
Honey from butter-milk — 298.
Honey from cappings^ — 113.
Honey from foul-broody combs — 303.
Honey from oak-galls — 174.
Honey-gathering test — 627.
Honey getting more in evidence — 724.
Honey granulation, prevention by heating — 55.
"Honey-guides" for the bees — 681.
Honey in infants* food — 193.
Honey, its uses in Foods and Remedies — 69.
Honey knife electrically heated — 75.
Honey market for 1907 — 677.
Honey market quotations — 277.
Honey on meats — 112.
Honey paste for the hands — 94.

Honev-Plants^
Acacias — 355, 452.
Alfilarela — 372.
Alsike — 338. 490-
American misletoe — 51.
Bokhara clover — 194.
Bush honey-suckle — 51.
Catnip — 699.
Cowpeas — 594.

Dandelion — 582.
Elm — 191.

Eucalyptus — 725, 752.
Goldenrod — 728.
Indigo plant — 452.
Japan clover — 194. 286.
Judas Tree — 452.
Mints — 717.
Pepper tree — 752.
Psoralea — 699.
Raspberry — 228.
Red-bud — 452.
Sages — 299.
Sumac — 5 5 1 , 6gg.
Teasel — 452.
Texas — 352.
Texas barberry — 213.
Tree-clover — 597.
Triple-leaved barberry — 51.
Wormwood — 699.

Honey plants in Texas in January — 51.

Honey possibilities of northern Michigan — 91.

Honey sandwiches — 172, 282.

Honey-sections, best size — 48, 65.

Honey-section, first — 242.

Honey vegetable or animal? — 461.

Honey-vinegar — 112.

Honey-vinegar making — 65, 75.

Horseradish and honey for hoarseness — 242.

Horse-sense — 598.

How bees make honey — 185.

How doth the bee — 76.

How far bees fly for nectar — 279, 513, 583.

How much nectar per acre? — 297.

Hunting for bee-fixings — 414,

Hybrid bees vs. Italian — 617, 714.

Illinois bee-laws — 146.

Improved hives, why use — 662.

Improvement of bee-stock — 481.

Improvements in apiaries — 625.

Improving the bee-keeping industry — 209, 233.

Increase, how to make — 7, 212, 215, 246, 489,

537t 568, 654. 696.
Increase in back-yard apiary — 154.
Indians and wild bees — 115.
Industrious bee — 329.
Inspecting apiaries — 299, 508, 582, 583.
Inspector's report, Wisconsin's — 632.
Insuring bees — 482.
Intelligence of the bee — 370.
Interesting facts of honey — 45.
Introducing queens — 74, 267, 280, 349, 376,

541. 545. 613, 628, 646, 662, 677, 697, 726

729.
Inventing hives — 654.
Irregular flowers — 717.
Island bee-keeping — 333.
Isle of Wight bee-disease — 565, 646.
Italian bees and yellow bands — 629, 709.
Italianizing bees— 96, 175, 215, 489.

Japanese bees — 743.

Judging bees — 549.

"Judgment" in a bee-keeper's dream — 418.

Jumbo and Dadant-Blatt hives — 629.

Keep good bees — 654.

Keeping bees and poultry — 50.

Keeping bees for pleasure — 758.

Keeping bees in buildings — 399.

Keeping butter under honey — 715.

Keeping queen out of sections — 581.

Keeping queens over winter — 592.

"Keep your colonies strong" — 297, 624.

Kerosene for robber-bees — 600 .

Killing off drones — 469.

Kind of bees — 661.

Kind of hive, frames, honey, bees, etc. — 698.

Kiss of the kissing-bug — 94.

Labeling honey for market — 6:5.

Lady bee-keepers and large hives — 9.

Lake Geneva Fair — 634.

Large hives — 9, 246.

Larger convention attendance — 455.

Larvae for queen-rearing, age of — 95.

Late extracting — 695.

Late feeding for winter — 755.

Late honey crop — 681.

Late laying of queen (in October) — 726.

Late-reared queens — 629.

Late swarms — 660.

Laying workers— 95, 25S, 267, 319, 395, 545,

661.
Legislation for Illinois bee-keepers — 65.
Legislation for Miss'ouri bee-keepers — 86.
Legumes valuable as nectar-yielders — 167.
Lessons from losses of bees — 503.
Light-honey gathering a trait — 90.
Lighting a smoker with a gun — 70.
Linden or basswood, reliability of — 205.
Loading a car of bees — 86.

Location and management — not the hive — 299.
Locations and locating bee-yards — 130, 349.
Locations for apiaries — 94.

Long distance bee-keeping and swarming — 351.
x^ngevity of bees — 692.

UeccmbcT, 1907.

American ^gc Journal J^

I,onK-tonKue(l Italians — g6.

I,oosc-liaiiKinp vs. sclf-spacinp frames — 165.
•. lyosins all one's bees — 225.

I lyosa of queens in mating — j i 3.

Iv-supcr and T-snper — 490.

Lyman method of swarm-control — 411, 524, 588.

Mactcrlink's bee-foolishness — 370.

ManaKeini-nt during ihe harvest — 373.

ManaMtnient of swarms — 160.

MalinK queens— 194. 338, 399.

Mrtlinp of (iiiet-ii and drone — 193.

Midiiif;;ht play-spell of young bees — 600.

Midiiinlit swarming bees — 648.

Migratory bee-keeping — 257,

M il le r frame — 175, 414.

Miniature sections — 165.

Minnesota Eec- Keepers' Society — 86.

Misrepresentations about honey — 241.

Most profitable race of bees — 336.

Moth cocoons in old frames — 16, 333.

Moth-eaten combs — 755.

Moth-infested trap — 627.

Moth larvx and mice — 333.

Moths and pollcnlcss combs — 397

Moth-worms in brood-combs — 215, 286, 660,

697.
Moldy combs with sour honey — 437.
Mouse-and-honey experiments — 53, 132, 395,

486.
Movable frames, invention of — 533.
Moving bees — 76, 134, 150, 196, 265, 659, 6g6.
Moving bees in spring — 15.

Names of brood-diseases — 225.

Names of plants — 415.

Naming honey — 725.

Narrow frames for extracted honey — 207.

National Bee-Keepers' Association — 86, 457,

467.
National office-holders — 316.
New blood annually — 305.
New colonies of bees — 662.
New comb honey in cellar — 152.
New kind of bees — 126.
No adulterated honey in Arizona — 173.
No-bee-vvay sections and fences in England —

205.
Noise among bees — 697.
Nom-de-plumes — 599.

Non-bee-paper readers in Ontario — 1 71.
Non-hatching eggs — 759.
Nonsense about bees and honey — 712.
Non-swarming bees and hive — 92, 167, 228,

309. 334. 352, 416, 536, 664, 695-
Northern Indian Territory for bees — 55.
North Pole— 33.
Not an Irish sister — 33.
Note-book in bee-keeping — 11.
Nuclei— 373, 489, 505, 592, 629, 630.
Nuclei and colonies — 389.
Nuclei for queen-mating — 418.
Nucleus management— 301, 302, 409, 550.
Nucleus method of increase — 537, 631.
Numbering colonies — 571.
Number of colonies for the pasture — 208.
Number of colonies to be a bee-keeper — 417.
Number of colonies to become well-to-do — 7.
Number of colonies to produce $500 or $600 — -

no, 437.
Number of colonies to the apiary — 598.
Nurse as bee-keeper — 649.

Observation hives — 594, 755.

*'Ode (Owed) to the Weather Man" (poem)—

390.
Odor of bees as means of recognition — 715.
Oilcloths preserved with beeswax and turpen-

tine — 334.
Old apiary in California — 743.
Old honey-extractor — 697.
Old wives* fable — 429.

Ordering Government publications — 45.
Organized effort among bee-keepers — 591.
Organs of the bee — 685.
Out-apiary location — 281.
Outdoor wintering of bees — 92, 661.
Overhauling colonies — 132.
Overheating buckwheat honey — 514.

Packages for extracted honey — 106.

Packages for shipping honey — 397.
_ Packing bees for winter — 754.

J Painting hives — 55, 596.

Pairing system of non-swarming — 137.

Parcels Post — 620, 742.

Parthenogenesis — 27, 152.

Pear-blight and bees — 355, 454.

Pearl Agnes hive— 539.

Pecos Valley country — 630.

Peddling honey — in.

Pepper-tree — 333.

Perfumes of bees, flowers and women — 35.

Piping of queens and winter months — 67.

Plain sections or bee-way — 519.

Planting for honey — 450.

Poison for mice — 659.

Political bee-keepers — 174.

Pollen — 264, 281. 429, 755.

Pollen analysis — 567.

Pollen and robbcr-bccs— 486.

Pollen color — 539.

Pollen from clover and red cedar — 245, 264.

Pollen in sections — 96.

Pollen in wintcr^ — 115.

Pollen record, first spring — 338.

Pollen removed by cutting down cjnibs — 4P4.

Pollen- stealing — 267.

Pol It'll substitutes — 396.

Pollen substitutes in empty combs — 489.

Poor consolation — 628.

Poor queens cause winter losses — 192.

Postmaster bee-keeper — 615.

Poultry or more bees — 429.

Poultry and bees — 282.

Pound section, best size — 8, 132.

Prepare for good years in poor years — 240.

Preparing bees for winter — 655, 696.

Preserving the forests — 174.

Preventing of second swarms — 581.

Prevention of swarming' — 285, 309» 3S8, 436,

570, 695. 726, 755.
Prices of bee-keepers* supplies — 87.
Prices of honey^32, 90, 679, 711, 727, 745-
Prices of 1907 honey — 613, 752.
Probably starvation — 469.

Production of honey on a large scale — 28. ^
Profits of queen-rearing and honey production

—314- ^
Progress of bee-keeping — 544.
Projiolis, demand for — 622.
Proportion of comb to honey — 279.
Protective surroundings — 659.
Provisioned swarms — 205.
Pure food law and its effect — 171, 229.
Pure Food Law, effect on honey — 5, 91, 317,
456, 464. 591.

Purity of bees and queens — 137, 259, 266, 318.
Putting bees out of the cellar — 135, 148, 175,

230. 545-
Putting full supers on hives — 245.
Putting on sections — 524, 588.

Queen-bee to start a colony — 756.

Queen cells in nuclei — 409.

Queen excluders — 265, 377.

Queen- fertilization, controlling — 627.

Queen-Iarvsc feeding — 284.

Queenless colonies in spring — 13.

Queenlesa colony — 74.

Queen-mating station — 682.

Queen passing through entrance guards — 697.

Queen questions answered — 585, 595, 630.

Queen-rearing — 301, 335.

Queen-rearing fertilizing hives — 329.

Queens and pickled brood — 75.

Queen's drones affected by mating — 687. 7i7-

Queen, selecting the best — 709.

Queen's fertilization affecting drone progeny

—544.
Queens in spring — 483.
Queena in supers — 535.
Queens jarring embryo — 627.
Queens wintered the third winter — 692.
Queens, wintering reserve — 645.
Queen troubles — 318.
Queer colony — 245.
Questions commonly asked — 727.
Quilts over frames — 351, 461, 594.
Quitting the strenuous life — 450.

Races of bees — 131, 266, 570, 584.

Raspberry honey, color of — 710.

Reading bee-papers and for next season — 26,

Reading matter, plea for more good — 9.

Rearing queens, 194, 338, 378, 396, 417, 550,
586, 592, 756.

Reasoning powers? have bees — 685.

Reliquefying buckwheat honey — 190.

Removing bees from dwelling — 359, 524.

Rendering beeswax—iso, 335, 625, 684.

Rendering old combs — igo.

Replacing queens that die in mails — 592.

Reproduction by fission — 153.

Requeening — 542, 626.

Requeening colonies — 168, 359, 661, 745.

Requeening from "Star" colony — 245.

Respiration and circulation of insects and
plants — 107.

Respiration of plants and bees — 228, 335.

Results of bee-keeping in 1907' — 751.

Retarding swarming — 587.

Reversed brood — 298.

Rheumatism and bee-stings — 377.

Ripe honey — 131.

Ripening Honey in Hive vs. Evaporating Arti-
ficially—457. 595-.

Ripening honey on hives — 720.

Robbed colony over a strong one — 15.

Robber-bees — 14. 318, 695.

Robber-bees and kerosene — 600.

Robbing, how to prevent — 654.

Rocky Mountain honey — 758.

Roofing paper for winter cases — 756.

Rosin gathered by bees — 753.

Round cells— 188.

Round cells, bees building — 55.

Round-cell building — 334.

Saltpeter for lightinK smokers — 646.

Sampling honey with wooden toothpickfl- — 598.

Sap for bec8^3i7.

Saving bc*s from spray poison — 358.

Scalo rccordii— 395.

Science and beekeeping — 357.

Seal for guaranteed honey — 54.

Second-hand honey-packagc»--65S.

Second-hand tin honey-cans — 190.

Sectional hives non-starvcrs — 485.

Section comparison — 266.

Section-holders, wide-top — 754-

Section honey in a bec-trcc — 746.

Section honey production — 431. 506.

Sections and separators attached — 678.

Sections, changing to finish — 721.

Sections, plain vs. bee-way — 17.

Self -spacing frames — 481, 571.

Selling bees to farmers — 95.

Selling section honey by the piece — 67.

Separators of perforated wood — 336.

Settling swarms — 594*

Stx of eggs, docs the queen will it? — 680.

Shaken swarms — 659.

Shallow hives — 536, 722.

Shade for white hives — 74.

Shaking bees off frames — 54.

Shiny bees — 595-

Shipping bees and honey — 6, 353. 409i ^^78,

721.
Shipping-crates — 593.
Short cuts in the apiary — 170.
Short on stores and less pollen — 174.
Sign;i of swarming — 582.
Sister in charge in New Zealand — 33.
Size and weight of sections of honey — 65.
Size of cells — 193, 594-
Size of cells in comb foundation — 633.
Size of hives — 96, 515.
Size of zinc perforations — 190.
Skunks and bees — 1 34, 28 1 .
Slaughter of the drones — 597-
Smeltersmoke destroying bees — 398.
Smoker fuel — 306, 397.
Smoking bees — 641.
Snow around hives — 149.
"Snowy- white" drones — 590.
Solar wax-extractors — 399.
Song of Songs, (poem) — 534.
Sounds of the bee — 618.
South African honey prices — 628.
Space below brood-frames — 115,
Spacing combs — 437-
Spanish bee-paper — 681.
Specialists in bee-keeping — 602.
Specialty not best for every one — 741.
Splints in foundation — 593.
Spiders as bee-enemies — 213.
Spraying fruit trees — 133, 147, 205.
Spring dwindling — 535.
Spring feeding of bees~i73.
Spring management of bees — 73, 260, 301, 302,

318, 599.
Spring protection of bees — 369.
Spring protection of hives — 661.
Springs for supers — 587.
Spring stimulative feeding of bees — 623.
Staple-spacing frames — :6.
Starters in section, top and bottom — 195.
Starting new bee-papers — 46.
Starting with bees — 90, 176, 215, 246, 334,

413. 523. 699.
Starved bees — 469, 69 1 .
Starved brood — 599.
Starving bees — 570.
Stimulating brood rearing — 680.
Stimulative feeding — 302, 484, 680.
Stingless bees — 593, 693.
Sting-trowel theory — 334.
Storing honey near the apiary — 629.
Straight brood-combs — 74.
Straight comb from starters in wired frames —

286.
Straight combs — 266.

Straight wired combs from starters — 595.
Strength of colonies — 437-
Strong-scented honey — 2 1 5.
Study bee-keeping — 741.
Sugar cakes for winter feed — 54. •
Sugar syrup stores, uncapped for winter— 35.
Sumac honey, color of — 299.
Summer the time for bees (poem) — 87.
Super-filler— 588.
Super-protection — 49.
Supers — 660.

Supers, changing to T-supers — 114.
Superseding queens — 194. 245, 352, 358, 542,

592, 683. 710, 727-
Supers, putting empty over full — 628.
Supers, refusing to work in — 649.
Supers with empty comb — 437.
Supers, won't work in^^29.
Super, the best — 546.
Supe r to swarm, when to give — 58 1 .
Surplus honey — 568. 5S1.
Swarming — 197, 244, 300, 302, 309, 3S8, 378,

391, 490, 506, 536, 570, 582, 587, 590, 629,

646, 649. 659, 695.

December, 1907.

American Hee Journal

598, 692.
213. 311,

318,

Swarming, cause of — 96, 459.
Swarming in France and here — 504, 536.
Swarming management — 135, 169, 411, 413,

524, 550.
bwarming out — 318, 434.
Swarming, prevention of — 659.
Swarming requirements — 54.
Swarm leaving colonv hopelessly queenless —

224.
Swarm of bees at school — 372,
Swarms, behavior of — 211.
Swarm settling on sister's face — 692.
Swarm-shaker, an original — 502,
Swarm spotting clothes — 661.
Swarms, testing before hiving — 34.
Sweet clover honey — 96. 571.
Sweet clover, yellow — 33, 5S9,
Sweet clover (melilotus) — 151,

41", 433, 571-
Syrup for feeding ^bees — 685.

Taking bees out in spring — 115.

Taking bees out of cellars — 200, 432, 515, 545,

Taking more than one bee-paper — 599.

Taking off honey, record in — 726.

Tank for clearing honey — 627.

Tar-paper for protecting bees — 286.

Tarred felt— 659.

Tarred paper for hive-protection — 434, 598.

Tartaric acid in winter stores — 757.

Taste for sweets — 650.

Taxing bees — 417.

Technical high schools — 620.

Temperature of bee-cellars — 115.

Tested and untested queens — 489.

Texas honey-bloom — 244.

Thermometers— 175, 265.

Tiering up hives in winter — 696.

Toads and snakes eating bees — 513.

"To Bee or Not to Bee?" (poem) — 482.

Tomatoes and honey — 746.

Top-bar ends — 570.

Top feeders — 41 1,

Top protection — 582.

Traitor to bee-keepers — 501.

Transferring bees — 96, 175, 215, 358, 395, 469,

595. 619, 661.
Tree problem— 27.
Troublesome neighbor — 437, 511.
T-super, making the — 524.
T-supers, methods of filling — 550.
T-super vs. other supers — 32, 95, 127, 175, 265,

337, 587. 596.
T-super vs. wide frames — 197.
Two or more queens in a colony — 337, 282,

631, 651, 678, 695, 742.
Two-pound sections — 96, 194.

Unadorned flowers — 75.

Uncapped sections in center of supers — 95.

Uncapping- fork — 743.

Uncapping honey — 628.

Unfinished sections — 152.

Uniting colonies — 135, 505, 646, 709.

Uniting colonies for the harvest — 196.

Uniting swarms — 661.

Unripe honey — 171.

''Ups" and "downs" of bee-keeping — 216, 686.

Uses of honey — 2:1.

Using combs on which bees died — 368.

V'arieties of bees — 265.

Vegetable physiology and honey — 601.

Ventilating hives— 7*4, 266, 329, 338, 428, 570,

696.
V'icioua bees — 570.
yictor'3 bear-wrecked apiary — 126.
Vienna, honey in — 727.
Vinegar-making — 2 13.
Vine maple honey — 571.
Virgin loafing on wedding-trip — 533.
Virgin-queen introduction — 613.
Virgin queens and drone-comb — 186.
Virgin queens don't always fight — 659.
Virgin queens, wintering — 629,
Visit to home of Patrick Keating — 153.
Visit to Nebraska bee-keeper — 621.
Vitality of queen's eggs — 692.
Von Hruschka and the honey extractor— 46.

Wages of apiarian help — 416.

Warped brood-frames — 135.

Washboardy honey — 593.

Water-carrying bees at night — 15.

Water for bees — 594.

Watering animals — 33.

Waxed honey without granules — 136.

Wax-extracting — 88.

Wax from steam-presses — 300.

Wax-glands— 685.

Wax-moth larva; and carbon bisulphide — 430.

Wax-presses — 745.

Wax-secretion — 188.

Wax-worms or larvae, roasting out 59, 724,

Weak colonies — 215, 418, 568, 589, 628, 645,

,, 654, 659.

Weather conditions, Southern and Canadian —

113-
'We be(e) brethren"

-S8i.

Weed-killer — 320.

Weight of colonies — 525.

Weight of hone> — 91.

"Wheelbarrowing" colonies — 588.

When bees are gathering — 570.

Where all is golden — 415,

Where bees deposit nectar — 614, 653, 716.

Where do flowers get their color? — 540.

Why did the bees die? — 55.

Wide frames — 127.

Wintering bees— 149, 227, 319, 331, 338, 552.

_^.595. 652, 731, 749.

Wmtenng bees in a trench — 174.

Wintering bees in chaff-hives — 726.

Wintering bees outdoors, but enclosed in wire

frame-work — 55, 756, 75S.
Wintering bees under snow — 757.
Wintering on solid sealed combs of honey — 53.
Winter-case — 722.

Winter months, how to spend — 67.
Winter repositories — 14.
Winter stores— 723.

Wiring or splinting foundation — 16, 134, 337.
Women as bee-keepers — 511.
Women lead in bee-keeping — 172.
Wood-splints for staying foundation — 114, 437.
Worcester County Fair — 712.
Working at bees when sweating — 185.
World's Pure Food Show — 482, 648, 712, 742.
Worms in combs — 429, 724.

Yellowest bees — 358.

Yields of honey — 665.

Young queen swarming and leaving mother —

205.
Yucca plant — 648.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Alamo and 4 Bee-Men — 253.

Alexander Feeder — 331,

Another kind of Inspection Work — 299.

Apiarian Exhibit of C. M. Nichols — 681.

Apiary and house-apiary of Herman Rauch-

fuss — 529.
Apiary and Mountain Home of Patrick Keat-
ing— 14J.
Apiary devastated by foul brood — 4S5.
Apiary of — ■

Adkins, Geo. H. — 221.

Amos, Mrs. A. L. — 405, 649.

Anderson, N. P. — 529.

Banker, Otto — 201.

Caley, G. D.— 673.

Clarke, Chas. — 577.

Coburn, John P. — 345,

Dysart, Samuel — 345.

Gray, H. E. — 101.

Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co. — 221.

Hoffman, Fred — 41.

Jones. G. F. — 723.

Kelting, J. W. H.— 325.

Kennicott, E. E. — 405.

Marenco, M. — 325.

Pryal, A. D.— 737.

Rigg, Thos. F.— 730.

Salazar, M. A. — 680.

Sauer, G. L. — 425.

Shannon, Wm. Robert — 273.

Stevens, John — 41.

Victor's, Ruined by a iicar — 121.
Armful Swarm of Bees, Victor's — Si.

Bacilli of European Foul Brood — 687.
Becker, Chas. — 240.

Bee-escape board for feeding bees — 411.
Bee-Keepers and Banana bush in San An-

tonia, Tex. — i.
Bee-Men in San Antonio Park — 253.
Benedict, Aaron — 293.
Bohrer, Dr. G.— 293.
Bohrer (Dr. G.) and Bouquet — 121.
Bottom-Board Feeder, Alexander's — 266.
Byer, (J. L.) and Family — 21.

California Mountain Apiary — 609.

Child and "Seated" Swarm — 712.

Coggshali. (D. H.) and Cotton Wagon— 253.

Coggshall's (D. H.) Apiary in Winter— 181.

Coggshali, (D. H.) in the Alamo — 161.

Colored children — 181.

Comb_ built on division-board — 753.

Combined Hive-cover and feeder — 72.

Comb-leveler, Taylor's — 286.

Cotton Bales — 253.

Cover Feeder (Smith's) — 227.

Crate for shipping comb-honey — 6.

Dadant, C. P.— 236.
Darrow, (Chas. M.) and family — 363.
Donkey in San Antonio — 181.
Drake, F. H.— 497.

Estabrook, A. H. — 497.

Fair Exhibit of O. K. Rice — 273.

Floral Tributes to Mrs. York— 714.

Freas, (Herbert) in a Buckwheat Field — loi.

Front View of Historic Alamo — 161.

Gallup, Elisha — 293.

Gates, Burton N. — 497.

CJoodell. C. H.— 497.

Greiner's reliquefying apparatus — 652.

Grimra, Adam — 293.

Harbison, J. S. — 242. '

Hart, A. H. — 293.

Hatch, C. A.— 457.

Hatful of California Winter Flowers— 201.

Hauling Cotton to Market — 161.

Hershiser Wax-Press — 88.

Hives of California — 283.

Holtermann, R. F. — 458.

Honey Extractor (Mohr) — 582.

Hot water wax-press — 632.

Johnson, J. E. — 239.

Latham, Allen — 477.

Laws, W. H. — 314.

Loading a Car of Bees in Texas — 81.

Lyman swarm control apparatus — 412.

Map of Dadant Apiaries — 585.

Mexican Teamsters at Market Hall— 161

Mitchell, N. C— 293.

Moon, A. F. — 293.

Moss on Southern Trees — 253.

Moth-ridden hive inspected by chickens — 15.

Nucleus Box or Cage (Aikins)— 505.
Nucleus Yard and Apiary of Chas M. Darrow
—370.

Oldest Cathedral in San Antonio— 161.
Outdoor Colony — 680.

Pearl Agnes hive— 539, 540.

Plaza in San Antonio. — 161, 181.

Poppleton (Mr.) Among his Bees — 181.

Pounding Out Sweet Clover Seed— 692.

Pryal, Andrew D. — 206.

Putting foundation in sections — 588.

Ruakura State Apiary, New Zealand— 617.

San Antonio, Texas. — i.

San Antonio National Convention Group — 385

San Antonio Park and Santa Rosa Infirmary

Scene in Southern California — 243.

Scholl, Mr. and Mrs. Louis H.— 61, 737.

becor, (Mr.) and Yucca Plant — 648.

oelser, (Mr.) and Fishing Boat — 181.

Smith, J. Arthur — 477.

Smith, J. Q. — 239.

Smith, (L. A.) and Colony of Black-Carnio-

lans — 121.
Smith, L. B. — 70.
Stachelhausen, L. — 658.
StoUey, Wm. — 621.
Stone, Jas. A. — 240.
Straw Skeps — 425.
Super-filler (Dr. Miller's)- 587.

Teasel — 452.

Texas Apiaries — 625.

Townsend, E. D. — 312,

L^ncapping-fork — 743.

White Broom — 597.

York, Mrs. George W. — 705.

CORRESPONDENTS

Adams, F. P. 627.
Adams, Geo. W. 599.
Adema, Walter M.

246.
Adkins, Geo. H. 227,

600.
Aikin, R. C. 188, 260,

302, 373, 505, 567.
Alexander, C. E. 286.
Alexander, E. W. 654,

695-
Altwein, L. E. 699.
Amos, Mrs. A. L. 34,

151, 193. 371. 503.

650, 692.
Anderson, Grant, 117

216, 267, 699.
Anderson, N. P. 490,

534-
Andrews, D. E. 98.
Ansell, W. R. 166.
Armstrong, E. S. 552.
Armstrong, T. T. 744
Armstrong, J. C. 490
Arnold, R. B. 601.

Atwater, E. F. 208.

Babcock, G. B. 600.
Baker, C. E. 56.
Baker, C. F. 115.
Baker, Joseph H.

699.
Banker, Otto 206.
Barker, F. G. 600.
Bartz, A. C. F. 623.
Baumgaertner, J. G.

655-
Baxter, E. J. 97.
Bechley, Fred 399.
Belknap. Dr. Jules

267, 664.
Benson, C. H. 319,

390, 482, 534.
Benson, L. 116.
Benton, Frank 45.
Bergstrand, Chas. O.

319, 534, 600, 664,

665.
Best, Henry 136, 600.
Bevins, Edwin 96,

iiccmbcr, 1907.

American Me Journal i

T 28, 168, 600, 631,

'>49.
KiKtlow, Prof. Ed-
I ward F. 539.

Bingham, T. F. 17,

96, 115, 133, 196,

319.
Black, Mrs. J. D.

568.
Blair, L. G. 76.
Bocckcl, Wm. H. 176.
Boclte, Dr. Phil.

Max 76, 193.
Bohm, Peter 197, 699.
Bohrer, Dr. G. 28,

167, 43^, 586, 698.
Bonnier, Gaston 540.
Bowen, U. II. 12.
Boyd, J. K. 552.
Brown, Mrs. D. M.

172.
Brown, Edward G.

572.
Brown, McDonald H.

Buchanan, J. M. 648,

744-
Buchner, II. H. 76.
Burnett. R. A. 278,

678.
Burns, A, J. 299, 631.
Business Manager 277
Butsche. A. 719.
Bycr, J. L. 32, 106,

149, 589.

California, 125
Campbell, \i. K. 2 1 6.
Carleton, Will 445.
Carter, \V. A. 17.
Cash Buyer, 278.
Chambers, J. E. 90,

279, 299, 454, 551.
Chantry, Thos. 698.
Cherry, Thos. M. 246
Chesley, A. H. 76.
Chinn, R. 76.
Cleary, Wm. 631.
Clemons & Co. C. C.

277.
Cline, Tohn 56, 571.
Clum. "Dr. F. D. 45,

116. 145, 566.
Coburn, Tohn P. 350.
CogRshali. D. H. 166.
Collins, J. H. 490.
Colorado 151-
Colorado. Miss 503.
Colton. J. B. 683.
Conklin. P. F. 571.
Cook. Prof. A. J. 27,

107, 167, 258, 280,

354, 430, 453, 538,

601, 620, 685, 711,

717. 749.
Cowan, Thos. Wm.

186, 225.
Creighton. .T. C. 699.
Cutler. Virgil P. 379.
Cutter, Miss Elsie A.

618. 715.
Dadant, C. P. 7, 66,

6g, 109, 147, 206,

229, 236, 260, 279,
330, 3"4. 4>l. 431,
450, 4.i3. 584, 621,
652, 686. -15. 7=;o.

Darrow. Chas. M.

370, 699.
liDavidson, W. T. 491.

Davis, 1st. W. 'T. 418.

Davison, H. S. 434.

Day, F. L. 7, 301,

„-»32.

Dayton, C. W. i6g.

Devine, Miss May G.
242.

Dickinson, M. D. 664.

Diefendorf, E. W.
197, 247.

Dietz, A. M. 76.

Doan, Chas. 600.

Doolittle. G. M. 8,
67, 108, 148, 230,
259, 301, 332, 355,
392, 431, 483, 506,
537, 585, 619, 653,
684, 695, 718, 750.

Doty, H. A. 631.

Duby. H. S. 196.

Due.<;cher, Wm. 67.

Dunn, Jno. A. 115.

Dutnall. John 631.

Dysart, Samuel 350.

Eckman, P. J. 491,
Egenes, Tohn 682.
Elmore, t. W. 98.
Elliott, J. T. 758.

Engle, M. IC. 758.
Ivrskino, Thos. 565.
Estabrook, A. H. 356,

583, 7"3-
Ewing, N. B. 131,.

Facey, M. V. 665.
Farnham, S. E. 247.
Feeback, W. S. 698.
Ferguson, Mrs. Ben

132.
Ferguson, J. W. 699.
Findlay, Wm. 633,

634.
Finger, C. A. 155.
Foote, A. F. 216, 338,

632, 664.
Foulk, F. S. 664.
Fowler, F. O. 176.
France, N. E. 633,

647.
Freas, Herbert, 106.

Getaz, Adrian, 231,
391, 601, 6S7.

Gill, M. A. 86.

Gillett, E. J. 418.

Goodwin, Mrs. Gert-
rude L. 451.

Gray, H. E. 106.

Gray, T. F. 17.

Green, Wm. W. 28.

Gates, Burton N. 430,
617.

Gathright, Wm. C.

Greene, C. N. 630.
Greiner, ■ F. 48, S7,

127, 148, 168, 455,

4S4, 622, 720.
Greiner, G. C. 187,

208, 232, 651.
Griffin, O. B. 216.
Griggs, S. J. 278.
Gulley, Dixon C. 17.

Haflford, Mrs. Emily

H. 413.
Hairston, T. T. 11; 5.
Hall, F. W. 17, 600.

75S.
Hand, E. G. 694
Hansen, Henry 418.
Happel, Julius 572,

600.
Harbeck, P. H. 136.
Harris, J. T. 682.
Harris, Miss Sarah

691.
Harris, W. D. 176.
Hasty, E. E. 338.
Hatch, C. A. 374, 457.
Heckman, T. R. 730.
Heefner, "Wm. H.

601.
Hcise, Paul 609.
Hershey, Jacob F.

338.
Hershiser, Orel L.88.
Hildreth & Segelken,

27S.
Hillery. T. T. 46.
Hobert, W. H. 286.
Hodges, George 56.
Hodgetts, P. W. 209,

233-
Hoffman, Fred 46,

330.
Holekamp, Robt. A.

86, 117, J46, is8,

583.
Holtermann. R. F.

53. 91, 458,
Hopsecger, Chas. W.

571.
Husband, E- M. 599.
Hutchinson, W. Z.

165. 679.

Tackson, T. W. 699,
Tames. C. C. 14.
Jentgen, Nick 155,

600.
Johnson, J. E. 241,

631.
Tohnston, Josiah 246.
Jones, G. F. 490, 723.

Kaufman, T. D. 63-1.
Kellogg, IJr. T. H.

241.
Tveene. O. A. 211.
Kennicott. E. E. 410,
, 631. 738.
Kennicott. W. F. 287.
Ivetlitz, H. F. 730.
T'Cinnison. D. B. 723.
Kirkpatrick, Geo. 112.
Knoll, Edward 338.

Knollc, A. II. 726.
Kraj>p, J. 56.

Latham, Allen, 68,

■65. 207, 331, 399,

680, 699, 716.
I,athrop, Harry 105,

319. 614, 632, 657.
Lawrence, E. M. 56,

631.
Laws, W. H. 314,

685.
Leach, D. C. 731.
Lebare, Jas. 409.
LeGalliennc, Richard

482.
Leonard, L. D. 46.
I,ewcdag, Henry 699.
Lincoln, C. M. 76,

571.
Lindlcy, L. M. 76.
Little Bee-Sister iiT.
Livingston, T. W.

687.
Lohmann, Karl J. 217
Long, Irving 126, 600
Lovesy, E. S. 399.
Luhdorff, Otto 684.
Lyman, W. C. 411.
Lynn Bros. 176.

Macdonald, D. M.

106, 481, 619, 624.
Maguire, T. 728.
Mann, Willard, 399.
Marlatt, C. L. 584.
Marlatt, C. R. 410.
Marrs, D. F. 379.
Martin, Wm. 632.
Matson, S. A. 287.
Measer, J. J. 60:, 615
Mendelson, M. H.

431.
Merriam, G. F. 431.
Merrill, R. E. 48.
Middlecamp, M r s.

Wm. 17 ^
Miles, E. S. 664.
Miller, Dr. C. C. 47.

65. 86, 349, 4jo,

56s, 711. 713.
Miller, C. H. 731.
Miller, Chas. J. 17.
Miller, F. J. 170.
Miller, O. P. 339, 490
Mills. John, 418.
Minnick, B. G. 599.
Moe, H. H. 491,
Mohler, Philip 731.
Molonev, Geo. T. 137.
Moore, 'W. R. 601.
Morgan, E. A. 483.
Moulin, C. 70.
Muth. Fred W. 85,

277-
McBride, A. T. 600.
McCain, Robt. B. 630
McCargo, T. H. 17.
McClure, T. F. 246.
McCoy, Edw. 571.
McCradie, Robt. 176.
McCray, Arthur H.

747.
McDaniel, C. B. 266.
McEvoy, Wm. 599,

686.
AIcFarlane. A. L. 601
McGuire, G. W. 28.
McKown. C. W. 56
McLeod. D. C. 286.
McNeal, W. W. 229.

Newman, I. M. 197.
Noble, A. H. Sr. 571.
Nolan, Dennis 52.
North, Jay 681.
Null. Mrs. Mary E.

10, 72, 212, 354.
Nutt, W. C. 599.

Ohlingcr, C. T. 678.
Oklahoma. 146.
Oliver. Mrs. Sallie

71.
Otis, T. Proctor, 267.
Ott, A. 399.

Pagan. E. V. 349,

717.
Painter, Tohn T. 225.
Paslav, T. D. 511.
Patton, A. E. 319.
Patton. T. E. 664.
Pawlctta, D. J. 137,

601.
Peterson, James, 76.
Pettigrew, .\melia, 94
Pettit, S. T. 246.
Phillips. Dr. E. F.

358, 584.
Piper, H. 319.
Poudcr, Walter S.

227.
Prcsswood, Luther 98.
Pryal, W. A. 153.
Putnam, W. H. 129.

Quirin, H. G. 138.

Ramcr. P. B. 127.
Rauchfuss, Frank 233,

277-
Rca, Geo. H. 166.
Rehorst, Theo. 56,

3>9.
Reynolds^ Alvah, 571.
Ricard, Edward 6(10.
Rice, O. K. 279, 601.
Richard, Joseph 97.
Ricketts, L. V. 8.
Rigg, Thos. F. :3o.
Riggs, T. J. 246.
Ritchie, Miss Mary

618.
Robinson, P. F. 17.
Robinson, T. J^. ,99,

724. 753-
Rockwood Bros. Co.

5-
Rockwood, M. O. 418
Root, A. I. 172.
Root, W. H. 730.
Ross, R. B. Jr. 430.
Rowan, J. D. 286.
Rudy, Laura E. 414,

452-

St. Leger, Mrs. A. E.
, 263.

Sauer, G. L. 430.
Schmidt, B. F. 338,

664.
Schoppenhorst, H. A.
<- 552.

Schrier. C. 552.
Scotield. S. E. 511.
Secor, Eugene 744.
Selser, Wm. A. 276.
Semmens, John 664,

698, 758.
Shannon, Wm. Robt.

278.
Shaw & Co., J. W. K.

246.
Shawler, T. L. 730.
Shearer, J. J. 450.
Shiner, C. N. 96.
Sister Esperanza, 263

503-
Slack, Geo. B. 216.
Sladen, F. W. L. 663.
Smith, Chas. R. 270.
Smith, H. A. 72. 22S,

535-
Smith, J. Arthur, 487
Smith, Leslie, 630.
Smith, L. A. 126.
Smith, L. B. 30, III,
192, 300, 352, 590,
624, 723.
Smith, Mary M. 587.
Smith. Perley S. 664.
Snell. F. A. 196. 490.
Soule. M. F. 25.
Sowards, James. 379.
Stanley. Grant. 49.
Steele. Geo. M. 552.
Stevens. John 46.
Stewart. John 390.
Stewart. W. H. H.
6on, 699.

Stine, Rev. J. W.
418, 600. 631.
StofTet, Frank 370.
StoUev, Wm. 49, 15;;.
Stonei B. T. 76.
Stone, Jas. A. 107,

235, 501.
Storer, Jas. 73.
Stotts, John, 664.
Strohschein, F. A.

399-
Strong, J. L. 490.
Subscriber, 138, 216.
Sueltenfuss. Otto, 155
Swearingen, W. A.

699.
Swinehart, Joseph,
699.

Tanzer, Prof. G. L.

689.
Thompson, Rufus 631
Todd, F. Dundas 117.
Townsend. E. D. 131.

312. 679. 719.
Trego, S. F. 758.
Trevarrow, Miss 31.

Tucker, E. 76, 267.

Upson, E. H. 176,

490.
Urich, Wm. 399.
V'an Amburgh, D. R.

630.
V^angundy, G. W.

758-
Van Dyke, Henry
,3So.
Verancc, Perse, 76.
Voigt, C. H. 96.

Weber, C. II. W.
277.

Weblcy, Dr. Freder-
ick 615.

Wehmeycr, Peter 571.

Welborn, Miss Gene-
va 334.

West, David J. 47,
303.

West, N. D. 287.

Wheeler, Frances E.
51, 192, 282, 691
747-

Wheeler, Geo. S. 216.
Whipple. E. B. 247.
White, Dr. G. F. 656.
White, Urs'jm 631.
Whitmore, N. P. 664.
Whitney, Wm. M,

280, 534, 567.
Whitlier, O. H. 490.
Wilder, J. J. II, 129,

155, 262, 490, 683.
Williams, W. S. 699.
Wilson, James, 615.
Winkler, Wm. 630.
Wirth, Jacob 97.
Wolfe, James, 731.
Wood, A. D. D. 532.
Wood, Delos 600.
Wright, E. C. 665,

730.
Wright & Son. Wm.

665.

York, Anderson 96.

Zachgo, Hugo 56.
Zeller, Mrs. Caroline

Strictly White Clover Honey

Fancy Comb, $4; No. 1 Comb, $3.50;
No. 2 Comb, $3; Amber Comb, $3.50
and $3 —all in strawed carrier. Extracted
in 60-lb. cans, lie. Sample 10c.

-JOHN C. STEWART,

Hopkins, Mo.

YOUR OWN CUT

It's a vtTv easy, slm- ^DEFU

1>U' nruTation with a UllCLIl

CROWN Bone Cutter. 2""*"^"

Green hone makes ep'P's, and Dn^P

NAIIE

, stimulates the hen's pruiiuct
ijive "rerans. Cut In me fresh
7everv uav. The Crown dnes it

quickly with n'"" bother it muss. 25years
Mins uutters. Write for free catalog

VWILSON BROS., Box 618, ~

Itlentlon Uee Journnl vrhen Trritlns-

Big Profits in Capons

[CAPON

TOOLS

e. F FiUiog&SonCo,,

Caponizing is easy— soon
learned. Complete outttt
with free Instructions
postpaid $2.50.

iGape Worm Extractor 25c
Poultry Marker 23c

[French Killinsr KnifeSOc

|Capoa Book Free.

ArcbSt.,Plmadelplua,Pat

:WE SELL:

ROOT'S GOODS IN MICHIGAN

Let us quote you prices on Sections,
Hives, Foundation, etc., as we can
save you time and freight.
Beeswax Wanted for Cash.

H. M. HUNT & SON, Redford, Wayne Co., Mlchlgao

EARLY CHICKS PAY BIG

Katthed in January, Febmary and
March thev make lii;.:r prohts. Our
valuable, new Bulletin Ko. 10—

"Early Chicks"

, tells how to do this snecessfully.

Write for it toda*\ Catalog:ue and

Bulletin free. They'll helpyoomafeemoDey.

Banta-Bender Mfg. Co., Dent. Se.Ligonier, Ind,

Hatch Ct^ickens by
Steam with the

EXCELSIOR INCUBATOR
Or WOODEN KEN

Simple, perfect, pflf -regnlating.
Ilp.tcli every lertUe epjr. Lowest
prued rirs^l-rlasB Iiatchers made.
Catalogue. ~ <^£0. U. iSTAlll^ Cuiucj-, UL

Mention Bee Journnl when -frrKIng;.

December, 1907.

American Hee Journal

Report on Bees=Honey Crop

1. Xumber of colonies Fall of 1906-

2. Number of colonies Spring of 1907-

3. Pounds of White Comb Honey Season of 1907 Dark-

4. Pounds of W. Extracted Honey Season of '07 Dark-

5. Pounds of Beeswax Season of 1907

6. Average price of Comb Honey Ext'ed Honey

7. Number of Colonies Fall of 1907-

8. Condition of Colonies Fall of 1907-

9. Condition of Clover and other Honey-Plants now-

10. Remarks : —

Name-

P. O.-

Date-

State-

a^'Kindly fill out the above blank then cut it out and mail at once to the
AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL, 118 W.Ja.ckson. CHICAGO, ILL.

(See page 741 for detailed explanation).

MARSHFIELD BEE-GOODS

Your orders are what we are after now for
fall and winter. Drop us a card or letter telling
what you want; and we will make Surprising
Prices to you.

MARSHFIELD MFG. CO.,

Marshfield, Wis.

lOWA-J, W. Bittenbender. Knoxville.

GreKOry & Son. Ottumwa
KANSAS-S. C. Walker & Son, Smith

Center.
MIC H IliAN- Lengst & Koenig-. 127 South
13th St..Saeinaw, E. S.
S. D. Buell. Union City.
NEBRASKA-Collier Bee-Supply Co.,

Fairbury.
CANADA- N. H. Smith. Tilbury, Ont.

ARIZONA-H. W. Ryder, Phoenix.
MINNESOTA-Northwestern Bee-Snp-

ply Co., Harmony.
ILLINOIS-D. L. Durham. Kankakee.
OHIO-F. M. Hollowell Harrison.
TE.XAS-White Mfe. Co.. Blossom.
WISCONSIN-S. W. Hines Mercantile

Co., Cumberland.
J. Gobeli. Glenwood.

C $11,00 buys 100 24-Section
No-drip Shipping-Cases. Made
of select basswood — top and
bottom of one piece; all in flat,
complete with 2-inch glass,
paper and nails.

PRICE ilST-Cash with order.

12-Sec. Casea 24-Sec. Cases

10 $ 1.00 t 1.40

50 4.7.5 6.00

100 8.50 11.00

500 42.25 55.00

1000 80.00 100.00

'Winter-Cases for S or 10 frame Hives, at $1.40 each.

Address-SHEBOrC<!l FRUIT-BOI CD., Sheborgm, Wis.

In Its Thirtieth Year

The Rural Californian

One Dollar a Year

A large monthly magazine devoted to Agri-
cultural, Horticultural and Rural pursuits
showmg the wumierful development of the
Pacific Coast. Beautifully illustrated, well
edited, and artistically printed on fine book-
paper. An encyclopedia of information for
colonists. Address,

THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN

Rooms *i and 7 Temple Block,

LOS ANGELES, CALIF.

Special I

Californian and the American
Bee Journal for one year.

Mention Bee Journal when YVTltln^.

Successful Poultry Journal

FILA.yK HECK, Editor

Subscription Price 50 cents per Year,

Write for Advertising Rates.

The most prominent, successful and practical poul-
tryinen writeforthe Successful Poultrv Journal, and
tell how they build their houses, mate their fowls,
manag-e their incubators, feed both young and old—
and, in fai't, tell how they succeed and make money.
Send for sample copy.

Successful Poultry Journal

355 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, ILL.

Mention Bee Journal when nritlns.

By RETURN MAIL

OR MONEY REFUNDED

Italian Queens— each 75 cents or 6 for $4.
Caucasians— each $1, or 6 for $5. War-
ranted purely mated.

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, III.

Mention Bee Journal nben writing*

KJriUU Helpyonrbens. Feed
^1I| ■■ them fre.sh cut ^een
■ ■W ■■ bone and youMl g:et
more egg-s— you'll get
TO GET ®S'g'3 in winter when
*"^" eegs are worth while.
M £\ g% j» The Standard Green^^^^^*^""
in II Kp^ Bone Cutterprepares bone right
^^^for feeding-,quickly— easily. Prices

EGGS

sent on trial
Standard Bone Cutter Co.Uilford.MaAB.

) and up; sold on enarantee-
* — ^ ' Writeior catalog-.

Mention Bee Journal vrhen Trrlttnff.

Established 1S47

Northwest Farm and Home

PUBLISHED BT

TTashingrton Farmer Pablisbinff Co.

Capital Stuck, $100,009 (Incorporated)

North Yakima* Wash.

Stib.'icription, per year. fl. 00. General cir-
culation among: three millon people west of
St. Paul and ncrth of San Francisco. The
highest authointy on Irrigation. Most elegant
descriptive Majjazine and Agrri cultural Peri-
odical in America.

Mention Bee Journal ^rhen nxttins.

Moore's Lon^-Ton^ues
and Golden Queens

Fine Select Untested Queens $1; 6 for $4.50; 12
for$8. Tested Queens, $1.25; 6 for $6.50- Beat
Breeders, $3. Safe arrival guaranteed.

W. H. RAILS. Orange. Cal.

Mention Bee Journal when vrrltlnff.

December, 1907.

American Hee Jonrnal i

Write for My Introductory Oiler on a Fine
Sample WILLIAMS PIANO or ORGAN

-— , I hill f
y Avniiii

buy it lit

mlirit^ Homo of tlio fitii-Mt. hwri'tcht^toni

tiiH I'laiiOM Hint tIrtfilliH wo niakn into uiuny

comiuiiiiilii-8 iiH HiiiiiplcH of (nir work. Ii'h our

Bpot-iiil way of ii(l\orllHlnK'. oh wo Iimvo no tiKCHtH

OPBtoroH. If ynu wrilo iitcmco, 1 will tell you how

you can try ono of thuHO flnoHiinitili* inKtruriioiitH

In your own iiomo ontirt-ly iit our exin-nrto o£

rrfight iiiui nil. Then, oftor you've triiMi it for

a month or ho — iiftiT you've had your frienda

try it — after you've touted itH ousy ftt-tion— iiftcr

ve enjoyod jta rich, swoet tone for which

■\Vi I Hums Pianos und < )rKnnM iiro r(dcliratrd— iiftor ^^

>nu iiro conviufixl thiit -nil in nil — it's one of the

Jini'st-lookinK'. flwi'i-tcst-toncd instruments you

ever saw or heard, then, if you wish, you may

Inctory |irice and take

Your Choice of 27 Plans of Easy Payment

if Tivo pluns oil orean. You iiiriy si-Wi tin- i>l«n ttmt'a fii«i.'!*t for you ii
wo "ill tiiiMt ynii. no iiKiltor wIkto yoti livv, I ini.Trinil.L- tiii li ejimiilo yii^iu- ami or!;iiri to l,n
as fituMis llioso I iiimlo for tho rumuiis "oiiif nrltertit, Ppof. E. <K K:cccll, I*pof. C.ll. (Jubrlcl* ami thobundre«Is I
of other well-known uiu^iciaiis ymi will find In llio fri'i- ln-ih wo are cooii; lo soH'i Vou. Thin ih tho boat cbanco you will
pvcr havp to got a fin© piano or orfan on your own t.-rins. WRITE A POSTAL OR LETTER TODAY and uay, "Send iiif fn.o
S.-unplo Offer, Plans of Easy PayiJiont and BiH'k ahnut (state wliir-h hook — iiiann or orpanl " Address riirefully as f.dlows.
t'lW II. It. nlLLlAHU, VIce-Pres., WllllaniM Or^an & Planu Co., Roum 601 , 67 WnHtifnirtun Nt., < blra^o

" // Goods are Wanted Quick Send to Touder. "

ESTARLISHKD 1889

Bee-Supplies. Root's Goods in Indiana.

Standard Hives with latest improvements. Danzenbaker
Hives. Honey-Boxes. Comb Foundation and everything that
is used in the bee-yard. Large illustrated catalog mailed
free. Finest White Clover Extracted Honey for sale in any
quantity desired.

WALTER S. POUDER, 513-515 Massachusetts Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

Dittmer's Comb Foundation

Is the Best. Not because we say so, but because the Bees prefer
it to other makes.

Dittmer's Process is Diitmer's

It has built its Reputation and established its Merits, on its own
Foundation and its own Name.

We mal:e a Specialty of Worlcing Wax into Founda-
tion for Cash.

Write for free catalog and prices on full Line of
Supplies.

GUS DITTMER. Augusta. Wis.

TO BUY

Tht' I" 'ul try -raiser, the fancier and the farmer will aiipreci-
ate <iur big- store. It will save shopping around— save freieht
charires. and be handier in every wa^'. We can till all orders

-^u.tHr ^POULTRY SUPPLIES

promptly with the best^***^.^

^oods on the market nt money

saving prices. Get «)UrcataloK9 before you buv. Write today.
UNITED INCUBATOR & POULTRY SUPPLY MFG. CO.

Dept. 27* 26-28 Vesey St., New York City.

BEE-KEEPERS

Write us now for our Catalog ana get low
wices on good, honest,

BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

Oar specialty is making Sections. All other
;oods up-to-date.

AUa. LOTZ & SON, Cadott, Wis.

10A34t Please mention the Bee Journal.

HONEY ^ BEESWAX

When consigning, buying,
or selling, consult

R. A. BURNETT & CO.

199 South Water St' Cliicaeo, III

Mention Bee Journal when Tvrltlng.

BOTTLES^ JARS

of iv<Ty <l<:scrlptlon lor

/. I A^ Honey - Dealers

lib, .Squaru Honey bottlt-s an<l

rorks S5.(M» p<;r(rross

'-.-lb. SrnKire Honey bottles and

lorks ;3.7.S perKross

'i-lb. Square Honey bottles and

Lorks S2.7.S percroHS

2-lb. .Square Honey bottles and

corks S7. 00 per cross

No. 25 Jars, complete

J5.2S pertross

Write for full illustrated sheet.

C. C. STUTTS GLASS CO.,
80 Warren St., New York, N. Y.

]>Ientlon Ilee .lournnl tvlien Yvrltlnff.

flno6rsGol(l6nB6auti6S

AND HIS

Bright Three-Banded Italian Queens

Have but few equalB and do superiors. A fine,
large Queen of either strain for $1; an extra-
select breeder for $2.50. Have had 12 years' ex-
perience at queen-breeding. Address,

SAHUEL n. ANQEL

20A13t R,R. No. 1. Evansville, Ih».

Mention Bee Journal vrhen irrltlns.

HONEY FOR SALE

3 tons. White Comb. $3.50 per case: Amber
and Buckwheat, $3. 24 Ideal sections m glass-
front case; most of latter is capped white as
clover. Less than 4 cases 25c per case extra.
Amber extracted, two 60-pound cans to case,
8 cents. Folding Cartons for iH sections. $4
per 1000. Bees and Queens for sale in season.
QUIRIN-The-Qaeen-Breeder,

Bellevue, Ohio 30-3

Mention Bee Journal irhen Trrltlns.

ITALIAN QUEENS

That are bred from the best stock this country
can produce Bright Golden and 3-banded
Queens ready to ship May 20. I am now book-
ing orders which will be filed and filled in ro>
tatioa. After May 20 all orders will receive
prompt attention. Untested Queens 60 cents
each; 6 for $3.35, or 12 for »6 So- Tested, $1.00,
or 6 for $5.50. 2 frame nuclei withToung Queen
afer June 1, $2.00. GEO. W. BARNES.

15A26t Box 340. Norwalk, Ohio.

Mention Bee Journal when vnrltlnK.

IF YOU WANT THE BEE-BOOK

That covers the whole Apicultural Field
more completely than any other pub-
lished, send $1.20 to

Prof. A. J. Cook, Claremont, Cal.,

— FOR HIS—

"BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE"

Liberal Discounts to the Trade,
Mention Bee Journal -n-faen vrrltlns.

Western Bee-Keepers s^ow^"

We Will

ou

how to save money. ' Send for our new cata-
log of the best Bee- ware made.
TBE COIORIDO HO.^EI-PRO»lICERS' JSS'X, Dfmfr. Colo.
9Atf Please mention the Bee Jonraal.

10,000 Pounds

of Light Am-
berHoneyfor
sale— put up
in 60-lb. cans,

8c per lb., or 7c per lb. for tho l<jt.

F. J. GUNZEL, Weiner, Poinsett Co., Ark.
Mention Bee Journal when irrltlnif.

P^n Qaltfk —Alfalfa honey. If you want nice
■ t*l ^dlC honey for the table try a can of
Colorado alfalfa honev, $o a can of 60 lbs. F. O. B.
-3 A. A. LYONS. R. F. D. No. 2. Ft. ColJins. Colo.
fileutlon Bee Journal frhen irrltln^.

December, 1907.

American ^ae Journal

Cows' Relief is a specific Remedy
for all troubles of bag and teats. It
enables dairymen, farmers and other
cow owners to keep their cows in a
healthy and profitable condition.
Cows' Relief is one of the most per-
fectly penetrating and disinfecting
compounds in existence. It goes
directly to the seat of the trouble,
relieves the congestion and breaks
up the bunches that prevent a nat-
ural flow of milk.

FOR CAKED BAG

Twelve to twenty-four hours' time
IS all that is required to relieve any
case of Caked Bag, if applied freely
at the beginning of the trouble.

For heifers with first calf Cows' Re-
lief works in a most pleasing, prompt
and successful manner. It relieves
the soreness and swelling in the bag
and is worth its weight in gold to
every dairyman. It keeps the teats
soft and flexible, and renders the an-
imal quiet and docile.

H. C. Rice, Parmington, Conn., says:

"Please send me two boxea of
Cows' Relief. Enclosed find check
for same. Please send at once. I
wouldn't be without it in my stable."
L. F. Cnthbert, Hammond, N.Y., says:
"I have used yourCows' Relief and
find it a very valuable remedy for
Caked Bag."

We have scores of testimonials
like the above. Ask your dealer for
Cows' Relief and insist on having
the genuine. If hecannot supplyyou
write direct to us, enclosing $1 for
large package prepaid, (enough for
four or five ordinary cases). Your
money back if you are not satisfied.
Positive guarantee on every package.
Or send your name andone neighbor's
who keeps cows, stating how many
you each have, and we will send
our book concerning "Cow Troubles."
also Goldine Cow Watch Charm
FREE while they last,

OUR HT7SBAXD8 MFG. CO.,
716 Cbapel St., Uyndon, Vt.

I^lention Bee Jcnirnal T^'hen ivritlng.

BARNES"""""

Machinery

Kead what J. I. Parent, of Charl-
ton. N. Y., say.sr "We cut with one
of your Combined Machines, last
winter. 50 chaff hives with "-in. cap,
100 honey-racks. 500 brood -frames.
2.000 honey-boxes, and a great deal
of other work. Thiswinter we have
double theaniount of bee-hives.etc,
to make, and we expect to do it with
this Saw, It will do all you say it
will " Catatoi; and price-list free.

Address, W. F. & JOHN BARNES,
995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111.

EnSravinSsForSale

We are acctimtilating quite a stock of engTav-
In^s that have been used in the American Bee
Journal. No doubt many of them could be used
again by bee-keepers in their local newspapers,
on their stationery, or in other ways. Also, if
we can sell some of them it would help us to
pay for others that we are constantly having^
made and nsiu^ in onr columns. If there is auy
of onr eng^ravings that any one would like tr
have, just let us know and we will quote a very
low price, postpaid. Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.

CHICAGO, ILI,

HARDY BLIZZARD

BELT EVERGREENS

To prove that our EVER-

FREE

GREENS are HEALTHY, HARDY and Vigorous, we offer to send SIX fine two-
year-old trees, entirely FREE OP CHARGE, to every property owner who will
answer this advertisement. Mailing expense 5 ots., whicli send or not, as yon
please. A postal will bring them and onr catalogue which contains many
COLORED PLATES of our BUZZARD BELT FRUITS; SPECIAL BARGAINS
and a mine of valuable information for fruit growers. We want to become
acquainted with you, and it will pay you to get into touch with our HARDY
"BLIZZARD BELT" stock and our liberal manner of doing business. THIRTY-
EIGHT years' experience in growing HARDY "BLIZZARD BELT" trees.
Write to-day.

THE GARDNER NURSERY COMPANY,
^^I>rawer 45. Osage, Iowa.

<*

HAND-MADE SMOKERS

BINGHAM

CLEAN

BEE SMOKER

Extracts from Ca'alogs— 1907:

Chas. Dadant cfc Son, Hatnilton, 111.— This is the Smoker we
recommend above all others.

u. B. Lewis Co., Watertown, Wis.— We have sold these Smok-
ers for a good many years and never received a single complaint.

A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio. — The cone fits inside of the cup
so that the liquid creosote runs down inside of the smoker.

All Bingham Smokers are stamped on the tin, " Patented 1878,
1893, and 1903," and have all the new improvements.

Smoke Engine— largest smoker made $1.50 — i inch stove

Doctor— cheapest made to use 1.10 — 3)^ "

Conqueror— right for most apiaries .- 1.00—3 "

Large— lasts longer than any other 90— 2^ "

Little Wonder — as its name implies 65—2 "

The above prices deliver Smoker at your post-offlce free. We send circular if requested.

Original Bingham & Hetherington Uncapplng-Knite.

T. F. BINGtiflM, FarW6ll,

Patented May 20. 1879.

BEST ON EARTH.

'\

(ublisher Fails — Forced SalU*
This is yovir Gairv ^

Cleveland says; I

"TTiis History 1
will fill an im-F
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among publica-F
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to give wider!
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ith histori'!
cal lilera- 1
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hr^

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convert these books into mor.'-:y jl t.r,ce Tu t r.jtr;i:l uur interests as finance 3^0^.-., v.t- h
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Read Our Offer,: Beginning with the davm of recorded thought and tracing the I
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makes this story of human progress more fascinating than fiction. Young folks will use this work and
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American Under-
writers Corporation,
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Please ship to me. prepaid,
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versal History, IS volumes. 3-4 Red
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Finance Agents 240 ^Vabash Ave., CKicagq,

December, 1907.

American Hee Journal i

Fall Supplies

-FOR-

Bee-Keepers

Everything you want. All made
by us in our own factories. A«
Lowest Prices.

THE AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER, a monthly at 50c a
year. Published 17 years.

Sample copy and illustrated cat-
alog and price-list FREE.
Address,

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG.
CO.,

Dept. B. JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal when irrltlng.

HONEY

We have some tine, thick white extracted honey,
2 cans to a case, 124 lbs. at 9 cts. a lb., 5 cases
8^4 cts. lb., 10 cases 8^3 cts. lb. Sample 10 cts.

HONEY- JARS

No. 25 jar $5.o0 gross, 5 gross $5.25 gross. 1 lb
square jars $5.00 gross. Catalog of supplies free

I. J. STRINGHAM,
105 Park PI,, N. Y. City

Apiaries, Glen Cove, L. I.

Mention Bee Jonrnal when nrltlne.

g We will Buy and
i Sell

i HONEY

ol the diiferent grades and kinds.
If you have any to dispose of, or if
you intend to buy, correspond
with us.

for

We are always inithe market

Beeswax

at highest market prices.

Hildreth & Segelken

265 & 267 Qreenwlch Street
NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mention Bee Journal when irritlne.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

LARGE DISCOUNTS OFFERED ON EARLY ORDERS.
Have a lariic slock on hand, and can supply promptly.
Freight Ra(es from CINCINNATI are the LOWEST, ES-
PECIALLY FOR THE SOUTH

As almost all freieht now goes throni'h Cincinnati. You will save
money buying from me. Cataloi; mailed free. Send for same.

WILL BUY OR SKM, YOU

HONEY

IF YOU H.WK ANY TO SELL

mail sample and state lowest price expected delivered Cincinnati. If
you want tu buy. state quality and fiuantity and 1 will cheerfully quote
you pricf.

Beeswax Wanted

Will pay, at all times, highest market price on receipt of goods.

C.H.W. WEBER '='

Otfice and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Central Ave. Warehouses. Freeman and Central Aves.

^oney anb
4- ^ccstrax^-

'^

Chicago, Nov. 25.— The demand for honey
is not active. Sales are few, and a tendency
to lower prices. .Sales of comb made re-
cently are from one to two cents below those
of a month ago. Extracted is fairly steady
on small lots at 8 to 9 cents for white: am-
ber, 7 to 8c ; dark 554 to 6c. Beeswax. 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Dec. 9. — The supply of
comb and extracted honey is more liberal,
and demand only fair. We quote : No. 1
white comb, 24-section case, $3.25 ; No. 1 am-
ber, $3.00: No. 2 white, $2.75 : extracted, white
per lb., 8 to 8Hc : amber, 7 to 7Hc. Beeswax,
20 to 27c. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Philadelphi.a, Nov. 25.— Sales of honey
nave been quite active in this market. We
quote: Fancy comb honey, wholesale, 17H
to 18HC : No- 1 white, 16 to 17c : amber, HVsC ;
extracted honey, water-white, 9 to 9 l-2c ;
amber, 8c : dark, 7 l-2c. Beeswax, 30c. We
are producers of honey and do not handle
on commission. Wm. A. Selser.

Denver, Nov. 29.— Owing to the financial
situation, Remand for comb honey is not as
brisk as it was during the fall; however, as
there is a very small stock to be disposed of
yet, prices are not affected to any extent.
We make the following quotation to our
jobbing trade: No. I white, per case of 24
sections. $3.15: No. I light amber, $3.00: and
No. 2 at $2.75 to $2.85. Demand for extracted
honey is good, and we consider ourselves
fortunate in having a good stock of tine
quality to supply our trade. We quote
strictly No. 1 white 9 to 10c: and light am-
ber 8 to 9c per pound. We will pay 22 to 24
cents for clean yellow beeswax delivered
here.

The Colo. Honey-Producers' Ass'n.

Toledo, Nov. 25.— On account of money
stringency, honey is moving slowly, and
prices are declining. Fancy comb brings,
in a retail way, 17 to 19c, according to qual-
ity: No. 1,17 to 18c. No demand for off
grades. Extracted white clover, in cans,
9 to 10c. Beeswax is in good demand, and
brings 30 and 32c. We look for light sales of
honey from now on. as factories are laying
off help, and all goods in the eatable line are
moving slowly.

Griggs Bros. & Nichols Co.

Indianapolis, Nov. 27. — Demand for
comb honey is not brisk, while best grades

of extracted honey are finding ready sale.
Indianapolis jobbers are paying the follow-
ing prices for goods delivered here: No. 1
and fancy comb, 16 to 17c per pound, actual
net weight. Best extracted in 5-gallon cans,
9 to 10c. Beeswax 28c cash, or 30c in ex-
change for merchandise.

Walter S. Pouder.

Cincinnati, Nov. 25.— Owing to the un-
settled condition of finances throughout the
country, causing much uneasiness and
anxiety among the buyers, we look forward
to seeing honey reach lower values in the
very near future. We are at a loss to say
what prices we will ask in days hence, but
at this writing we are quoting extracted
amber honey in barrels at 6 to 7 l-2c : fancy-
white in 60-lb. cans, 10c : and strictly fancy
white comb honey (which is moving slowly)
at 16 1-2 to 18c, according to the quantity
purchased. For choice yellow beeswax,
free from dirt, 30c delivered here.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

Cincinnati, Nov. 23.— The market on
honey has eased considerably because of
the stringency of the money market. Slow
sales on comb honey. Colorado retails at
$4.00 per case : white clover comb honey at
17c per pound. Extracted white sage at 9
and 9 l-2c. Amber in barrels at 6 to 6 l-2c.
Beeswax very slow at 30c.

C. H. W. Weber.

New York, Nov. 25.— We are having a
good demand for strictly fancy comb honey.
Receipts have been quite heavy and numer-
ous of late, owing principally to the fact
that most of the bee-keepers were late in
shipping. We quote fancy white at 16 to 17c:
No. 1, 14 to 1.5c: No. 2 and amber at 13c : buck-
wheat at 12 to 13c. The demand for ex-
tracted continues good, and we have as yet
experienced no scarcity, having enough to
supply our wants, and more. Prices are
firm. We quote California white sage at 9
to9 l-2c: light amber 8 to 8 l-2c : amber 7
to 7 l-2c : extracted buckwheat. 6 1-2 to 7c.
Nothing is coming along to amount to any-
thing from the South, and therefore it is
hardly worth while to make quotations.
What little there is sells at from 65 to 80c
per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax
quiet at 29 to 30c.

Hildreth & Segelken.

FENCE-Sa"?fi'

Made of High Carbon Double Strength
iColled AVire. Heavily Galvanized to
prevent rust. Havt- no agents. Sell at
Ifaetory prices on 30 days' free trial.
jWe payatlfreisht. 37 lit-lirhts of farm,
[and poultry fi-iK-e. Catalog Free.
COILED SPRING FENCE CO.
[Box g9 Winchester, Indiana

Mention Bee Journal when writing*

December, 1907.

American IKec Joarnalj

Advanced Bee Culture

One of the most difficult tasks of my life is
that of writing an advertisement of Adeanced
Bee Culture. Be as modest as I can, it still
smacks of egotism-sounds like a parent
praising his own child. If the book had been
written by some other man, the writing of
an advertisement would be comparatively
easy. However, even at the risk of laying
myself open to ridicule, of becoming a
laughing-stock, I am going to

Forget for Once

that lam the author and publisher, and write
as though of another's work.

When 18 years old I visited an apiary in
swarraing-time: saw bees hanging in great
golden-brown clusters from the swaying
boughs of the old apple-tree: saw the snowy-
white combs growing as by magic: saw the
waxen cells filled with nectar, and inhaled
tbai eweetest of all perfumes -the odor of a
bee-hive in harvest time. I was filled
through and through with enthusiasm. Here
was a business that was most truly

The Poetry of Life

I was that day born a beekeeper. There
was no longer any doubt as to what should
be my life-occupation. I at once began buy-
ing bee books and journals, and visiting
bee-keepers, and studying the business from
every possible standpoint. It was six years
later before I was able to engage actually in
the business, but I then possessed as thor-
ough a theoretical knowledge of bee-keeping
as does a voung physician of medicine when
he begins to practice. All this was 30 odd
years ago: and since then I have

Run the Whole Gamut

of bee-keeping, time and time and again. I
have practiced all sorts of methods for arti-
ficial increase: 1 have battled with the diffi-
culties of natural swarming: I have produc-
ed tons and tons of comb honey: have tried

my hand at extractedhoney production: I

have reared and sold thousands of queens;
I have exhibited bees and honey for 15 con-
secutive vears at from one to half a dozen
State fairs: I have wintered bees in all sorts
of ways, outdoors and in, in cellars and
buried in clamps; I have attended nearly all
of the conventions of a national character:

Visited Hundreds of Bee-
Iceepers

in their homes, scattered from ocean to
ocean and from the lakes to the Gulf: I have
read all the books and journals: for nearly 20
years I have published the Jlei-iew. enjoying
the confidence and correspondence of bee^
keepers scattered all over the country: in
short, I have been a wide-awake, enthusiastic,
practical, actual work-a-day, bread-and-but-
ter bee-keeper all of these years, making a
living for myself, wife, and little ones, out oj
bees. Advanced ]iee t!u(ture is

The Ripened Fruit

of all these years of varied experience: it is
the crowning effort of my life. I look upon
it as the best piece of work that I have ever
done, or, perhaps, ever ifiU do. It is written
from a bread-and-butter standpoint. It
teaches how to make a living, yes, more than
that, make inonei/ out "f bees. From all of
these sources that I have mentioned, from
my own experience, and that of the men
with whom I have - ssociated, I have de-
scribed the most advanced, the Ixs' methods
of keeping bees for n'o.rit. I begin at the
opening of the year, and go through the
season step by step, touching briefly but
clearly and concisely upon all of the most
important points, showing their relationship
one to the other, and how, joined together,
they make a perfect whole. If I could have
had this book 20 years ago. and followed its
teachings. I might now have

Been a Rich Man

I say it fearlessly, because / Inow that it is
true, that no practical bee-keeper can afford
not to read it. The courage, enthusiasm,
and inspiration alone will be worth more to
him than the cost of the book, to say nothing
of the more practical instructions. Many a
man fails from a lack of these very useful
qualities, and the perusal of Adeanced Bee Cul-
ture will do much to help him in this respect.
One more point: A dozen years ago I took
up photography as a hobby, as a pastime.
I have studied it just as you have studied
bee-keeping. I have read the journals and
books on the subject, attended the conven-
tions, etc. I have lugged a large camera
along with me all over the United States and
Canada, and used it with loving care. Ad-
vanced Bee Culture.

Contains the Gems

of this collection of all these years-acoUec-
tion that is simply unapproachable in the line
of apiculture. The book is beautifully print-
ed with clear, large type, on heavy enanieled
paper. It is bound in cloth of a bluish drab,
and the front cover embellished with a green
vine of clover, a

Bee of Gold

sipping nectar from the snowy-white blos-
soms of the clover. Taken all in all. it is a
beautiful book. If the advertising that I
have done in the past has not convinced you
that you need the book then the fault is m
the adeertishui : and for this once I have cut
loose and said just what I think of the book,
just as I would of some other book— I may
never do it again. , „ •

Price of the book $1.20, or the Bevtetr one
year and the book for only J2.00. And remem-
ber that just at present you get all of this
year's numbers free ! That is, you can gft
the Jieview toT this year and next, and 'he
book, for only $2.00!

W. Z. HUTCHINSON^ FLINT^ MICHIGAN.

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