wirrwiinnnnnrw'wirrrr

T» uiai;ff. . . ...T cf u.wIlvJU umicr

y JANUARY

I RiUered ;it tlic- F'osiofficc. Fort Pierce, Fla.. as second-class mail matt

Webster's Uivabrid^ed

Send $1.00, the regular subscription price oi iljE
will iccei\c the Kealin one full year and WEBSlt-K'b
IKiNAKY. full regular size, bound m cloth, l:i82 papes, size
letters, mottled edges. The dictionary is guaranietd to be e.N
many stores for $5 and $6. We send both for only $1.

THE HOUSEHOLD REALM

is a lar-e handsome, illustrated magazine, devoted to al, that periains to the home. Some of
he Department, are. Household. Cooking, Children Garden, truU and Flower House Plans,
i-Lshion Fancy Work Stories, Poetry. Music. Miscellaneous Articles, etc Established in IXSfi
''^THE HOUSkHOLD REALM. 325 DEARBORN ST.. CHICAGO, ILL.

HOU.SHilOLD KEAI.M, and you
COMl'LinE UNAP.R1D1..KD DIC-
f page SVi-xl^yi inches, gilt
tly the same as retails in

ienic

rE^T.^''' COMMODE

IN SUBURBAN HOJVIES,

where modern bath ro om facilities are denied from lack of sewerage,
the Hveienic "Water-Seai Commode is an absolute necessity
for coniiurl and sanitation. .N'eeded in all Hospitals Sanitariums
and IWs! IN SICKNESS, especially in GuNTAGIOUS DiS-
- !■■ \SES the Commode is indispensable in every home, as the Water-
Seal prevents the esca pe of all germs .ind odors. It is light and port-
able—weighs 0 1-2 lbs; made of best galvanized iron; will last a life-
nme. Provided wuh disinjectant, cup Indor^d by leading f^A^FlfE^ls^^cVATcfes.'^"' '"
nit'strated Circular IK l;^^r J.. 0^^ DESIRED, for 25 cents additional.

HVG^KiNlC U ATEUSEAL COMMODE CO.. Como. Bldg., Chicago, 111.

If, H.

If, BINGHAM

has made all the im-
provements ill

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in the last 20 years, undoubtedl}

he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too larg^,..sent

postpaid, per mail «l •''^

3!^ inch 1-10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch lO^

24 inch 911

r . F . B i n gh a rn , j^J^y^ VvondeV, 2 in', ies
Farwell, Mich.

\
\\lnn\ Aiitiiij;- to advertisers mention
The Auioricaji .T^ee-Keeper.

Salzer's

National Oats \y^

Greatest out of the century.

Yielded In 10U3 In Ohio 1K7,

In Mich. 231, in Mo. 2'>.'),and in

N. Dukota 310 bus. per acre. Yoa

can beat that record In 1904 •

For 10c and tbis notice

we mall you free lots of farm seed
samples unil our bis cutalotc, tell-
ing all about this oat wonder and ^
thousands of other seeds.
JOHN A. SALZERSEEDCO.
La Crosse,
F. Wis.

The only strictly ^jgricultural
paper pviblished in thisbtate. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co.,
8t£ Nashville, Tenn.

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

has no "sc 'n brood franif>

Thin Flat Bottom Faundatioa

has HO Fish-bone in Surplus ITcnrv
Being the cleanest is usually wort*- < li.
quickest of any foundation made. T" •' k
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better. Cheaner
and not h.iU the trouble to use that it is m
wire brood frames.
Circulars an.l samples free.

J. VAN DEUSEN S SONS,

Sole Manufactu'-*rs

■4ontRomery Coum- Sp- > P.rook. M V

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
. ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCOWER IVIANFG. CO.,

JAMESTONA/N, N. Y.

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL=
JURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

DO YOUR HENS PAY?
This woman understands
her business, 10 Dozen
Eggs at 36c. per dozen
from 180 hens in ~
one da|.

That^Egg

Basket

tells the
story.

BEGINNERS.

shoM.ihaveacopy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written c» I
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just ou
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year» |
Editor York savs: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 cenU.; by'
mail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a lire, proeressiTe, 2« page monthly journal,) one
year for 6.ic. Apply to any firgt-class dealer, M
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., Higgiasvaie.M..

Ten Dozen it ho per do7. in one day f oi
Our New Hoik' Helps for I'oulli v Kt
how, explains why so many tail and bo !■
A Book we can commend with o good c<
a GREAT HEIA' to all Pou^fy I^«it,Pt!\
old. Describes 60 varieties of towls, well . .
and contains a Poultry Keepers Accouiu • .
gain or loss monthly -.on heavy paper wor h - ■► ^ ■
This Book Free with our Poultry taper one j ear !■
1 2.50. or Book free wiih paper 3 D'oiiths for 1 0
Descriptive circulars Free to; stamp t?PayPOf'f,S
AVavslde Poultry < o.. rhr.onville. Conn.

iTHlMlSiVfP^I'BE^

The only Pips made

that cannot be toM

from a cifiar. Holdi

a laree pipe full of

tobacco and lasts for years. Agents' outfit and a 25-cent sami.to

by mail for 10«., and our Big Bargain Catalog Free. Address,

ZE:N0 supply CO., IndlanapoUs, Ind.

DON'T KILL

VOURSELF.WASHINGthi. -

WAY, BUT BUY AH E IVl HI K E.

WASHER, with which the
frailest woman can do an or-
dinnry walking in one hour,
without wetting her handii. _ _

Sample atwholesaleprice. Satisfaction Ctnirante
No pav until tried. Write for Illustrated Catalo
andprices ofWringertJroning Tablet, Clothet He
DryinoBari, WagonJaek*,({-e. ARentsWaBted. i
, eral Terms. QuickSales! Little WorKll Big P^
I .Arfdrew.THi JEuriKiW ASHia Co..J Mttestown.n

BARNES'

Fcot Power Machine

This cut represents
Combined Machine, wh
is the best machine m
for use in the construct
of Hives, Sections, Boi
etc. Sent on trial. Send
Catalogue and Price Lis
W. F. & J. BARNES C
913 Ruby St., Rockford.

PftTENl^

promptly obtained OE NO FEE. Trade-Marks.
Cavatfi. Copvri|?htB and LabelB registered.
TWENTY TEAKS' PEACTICE. Highest references.
Send model, sketch or photo, for free report
on patent.ibility. All business confidential.
HAND-BOOK FEEE. Explains everything, lens
How to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
mechanical movements, and contamB 300 otner
lubjecti of importance to inventors. Aaaress,

H.B.WILLS0N&CO. '"•"'

790 F Street North.

Attorneys
WASHINGTON, D.

BIG MUGftZlE "^^el^'VlS^l

er's, Mnnsey's, LadiesHome Journal or McClu
SeiidlO cents to help pay postage. AJWERIC
STOKIES. Dept. H.D., Grand Rapids, J

HOHE WORK S^r^'sT

week. Enclose stamp. H. T>. LEADER C
Grand Rapids, Aich:

W. M. Gerrish. R. F. D.. Eppmr. N.
keeps a complete aupply of our goods.
Eastern customers will save freight by or
inf of him. ^ _ . .rr

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. '

Homes in

Old Virginia-

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, iind in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th»
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. i

PATENTS

Caveats, Trade Marks
Copyrights and Designs

Send your business direct to Washington
Saves time, josts less, better service

My office close to the U. S. Patent
Office. Personal attention given. Twenty
years' experience.

Book "How to Obtain
Patents" etc., sent free.

Patents procured through E. G. Siggers receir*
special notice, without charge, ia the

INVRM^IVR AGR.

'Ilustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Terms$layear

E. G. SIGGERS,

Washington, D. C.

918 F Street N. W.

Th«r« is BO trade or profession better catered to
»y good jouraals than that of the farmer. Uiii»-
telligaat mBprogrviiireBCss has now no excuse
tf.

Good Adveitisers

Those who are careful where they
Via.cc thfclr advertisinf money, ujse

BARNUM'S

MIDLAND FARMER

which reaches over 30,000 prosperous,
wide-awaks, buying farmers every is-
sue. Regular rate 14 cents per agate
line, but send us a trial order at 10
cents per line ($1.40 per inch each
time), and we will place it where it
will do the most good. Two or more
new subscriptions (sent together), 20
cents per year. Sixteen pages, four
columns to page. Departments cover-
ing every branch of farming and stock-
raising. The little journal that is
"readand re-read by its readers." Bar-
num's Midland Farmer, No. 22 North
Second st, St. Louis, Mo. 7tf

Poultry Success

14th Year, 32 to 64 Pages.

The 20th Century

!,;r^ POULTRY MAGAZINE,

jBeautitully ilhistraled. .")(» t-ts. per year.
[Greatly improved and enlarged. Shows
readers how to succeed with poultry

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER.

'o years, (jO cts.; 1 year, 25 cts.; 4
months' trial. 10 cts.; stamps ac-
cepted.

SAMPLE COPY FREE. -«"3>

Large, Illustrated, I'ractieal Poultry
Book FREE to yearly subscribers.

Catalogue of poultrji publications
FREE. Address nearest office.

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.,

i Dept. 16. I , ! «? J

DesMoiues, Iowa, Springfield," Ohio,'

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly.
„c:^.,T-^ — Sample Free.
«»" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.

iJepartments for begrianera
and for women bee-keepers.

Address.

aEORaEW.YORK^kCO.
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago.Ilu

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

AGENTS Wanted ' WaVhTng Machines

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. The
are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
in fruit growing unless you read it.
Balance of this year free to new
subscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

Tiie Nebraska Farm Jouraa

A monthly journal devoted t
agricultural interests. Larges

circulation of any agricultural pa
per in the west. It circulates i
Missouri, Kansas, Nebrasl<a, low
and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS, prop.
Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb

•te

NA/E WANT

ETcry reader of tke Americas Bee-K-'oer to
write for a free lample copy of tkc

ROCK! MOOSTAIN BEE JOUEWL

Tells you about Western methods, co-opers
tive honey selling and the treat bit cropi tkat
have made the Alfalfa regions famous. Addresf
the publisher,

H. C. MOREHOUSE,

Bouldef Colo.

tf.

PROVIDENCE nUEEjS_
ROVE THEIR IJOALITIES

to be unexcelled by any strain ol
Italian bees on earth. A rare embodimem
of all the desirable traits with the bat
eliminated. A strain evolred by years o
constant study and endeavor. I want ever;
progressive bee-keeper to test this wv
strain, and will be pleased to till orders fo
untested at Si.OO each. Special price
cheerfully quoted on special queens and oi
quantities. Let me -send you my circulai
It's ready now.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,

p. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

SHINE!

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown.
NY. rnXs a Shine Cabinet, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber-in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best-and it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toile
room or kitchen, it does away with the jex-
.tious searching after these articles w^'clj .*
Jtogether too common. A postal w,ll bring
yoti detafls of this and »th r good things.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepd
SuDDlies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and'^r^fblTslie'-'^ oi the. AUSTRALASIA
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal so jl
of the equator. i

Sample copy and 64-page catalogue, FR|?
6-tf

es.

rb»]

3 and 5=BANDED ITALIAN

and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.

AY FRIENDS, you who have supportwl us during the past season,
we desire to express our thanks for your patronage in the past,
and res])ectfully solicit a continuance of your valued favors
through the season of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their merits and former record.
We are preparing for next season, and seelving the patronage of
hirge apiarists and dealers. We do not claim that our queens are
superior to all others, but that they are as good as the best. We
will furnish from one to a thousand at the following prices:
Tested of either race, $1; one untested. Toe, 5 for $3.25, 10 for $6,
15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50 for $23.50, 100 for $45.
descriptive circulars address.

For

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Berclair, Qoliad Co., Texas.

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest-
ed in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing ttve
industi'ial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c.

Address,

THE DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va.

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Made a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 per cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. Hik!
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all cirtus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

To Sul>«crlbeni of
THE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Othem!

Until Further Notice

We WUl Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A., one
year for 10 cents, proTlding y©u
mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treata on
Farm, Orchard and Garden. Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the beat pa-
per printed for the price.

Address,

The Country Journal,

Alleatown. Pa.

2tf

POULTRY NEWS.

25 Ct.s. A Year. Ad. rate 70e. An Inch
Circulation 10,000 Monthly.

Bee Department in eharge of W. W.
Fowler, of Ardslev, N. Y

XEAV BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY.

WE HAVE GROWN

Too Big for Our Present Quarters*

The rapid expansion of our business has driven us out,
and on January 1st, we will be located at No. 51 Walnut
Street. This forced change will remove us only half a
block from our old home, but there we will have four
floors with increased facilities, a tremendous new stock of
bee supplies.

WE HAVE TO DO THIS. WE LEAD.

In the new place nothing: will be lacking-. You will
find a complete line of everything in the bee line.

The MUTH SPECIAL, the REGULAR STYLE OF
DOVE TAILS, DANDANT'S FOUNDATION, etc. Special
discounts fo early orders.

COME AND SEE US.

QUEEN BEES and Nuclei in season. Write for catalog.

THE FRED W. flUTH CO.,

Front and Walnut. CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading
V a r ieties

Write lor prices and te^rns.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

HARE, HUTCH AND HENNERY

SAMPLE COPY FREE.

The only paper in the U. ?. devoted
to BELGIAN HARES.

Leaves out all frills and fads and
talks straight business. Sh »ws how
profits five times as large as can be
made on poultry is now being made
raising Belgians. Address,

a. H. CASSENS, Pub., Belfast, Maine

National Bee^ Keepers' Associatioa,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 « Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Plattevillc, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

~"^^^— ^^^^■■~"^~ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, - KENTUCKY.

Vol. XIV

JANUARY, 1904

No. I

COMB BUILDING.

An Analysis of Cause and Effect in Relation to the
Construction of Drone and Worker Cells.

By W. W. McXeal.

NATURE has decreed that every
colony of bees shall have a con-
stituency of (1) a queen; (2)
worker-bees; (3) drone bees. She has
ordained each of a kind to a particular
mission in life: the (lueen to populate
the hive; the worker to gattJer honey
and build the honey-comb; and the
drone to beautify the young queen. To
insure this order of insect life it is
necessary for the bees to build comb
suitable for all propagating purposes.
That there are certain agencies whii Ji
preclude the building of Avorker-comb
and intensify intei'est in the produc-
tion of drone comb, is beyond conjec-
ture. A knowledge of those influences
and the ability to avoid tlieiu, [jrac-
ticaJly makes a master of bees.

The building of v,'Oi"-ier-coinb signi-
fies contentment, but drone-comb im-
plies that there is a feeling of inse-
curit.v or one of dissatisfaction; and,
therefore, it often stands a monuiuent
to iJu' caprices of a romantic <iueen.
The mere presence of the oue<?n on
t-ombs under jtrocess of construction
docs not necessarily mean chat siie is
in full symjiathy with home interests.
The coachings of instinct mak'^ tlie
workers alert in this matter, and as
soon as they anticipate the probable
loss of their (jueen, preparations for
the rearing of drones are at once be-
gun.

A queenless colony will invariably
build drone comb and nothing short

of a good laying queen would ever
make it think of building worker-
comb.

The same teachings are to be met
with in a nucleus where the queen
can easily keep pace with the comb-
builders. Just as long as there is
contentment within the hive, the little
colony will build worker-comb. But
when the leaven of discontent begins
to work, and they contemplate swarm-
ing, the wax-workers switch off onto
drone comb, with the queen following
in close pursuit.

It is a well-known fact that black
bees build more worker-comb, as a
rule, than Italians, because they are
less given to swarming.

AVe have heard it said that a swarm
builds drone comb for store purposes,
the reason assigned being that it is
more economical of time and wax to
do so. But bees do not build comb
simply for store puri)oses; that is a
secondary matter with them. Di'one
comb will not be used in the fall of
the year for honey when there is
worker-comb at hand; thus shibwing
they do not have a preference for it at
any time. If the production of drone-
comb were true economy, why don't
the bees of a swarm practice it right
from the start? At no subsequent
time is the demand for store-comb so
urgent, nor could that doctrine of
economics l>e more clearly demonstrat-
ed. But. do the bees build drone-comb
at that time? No. It is only when
the hive has been partly filled with
worker-comb that local conditions
arise to divert, or, the desire to swarm
again, causing a ferment among them,
do they build drone-comb.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

However, for the sake of science in
bee-culture, we will grant that by a
concentration of forces at a given
^oint, so easily effected at time of
hiving, places such a great amount
of wax at the disposal of the little
company of comb-builders, they feel
justified in the expenditure of it for
the more costly (?) worker-comb. As
the work advances and the colony
breaks up into groups of various sizes,
some of these groups may be embar-
rassed by a shortage of wax. Or, that
on account of the desertions in the
ranks of the builders as they attain
the age for foraging, it becomes neces-
sary for tliem to use a shorter cut,
so to speak, to keep abreast of the
field-gatherers. Now, upon a super-
ficial view, that might be taken con-
clusively; but please note that drone-
9SBaojs :^Du:jsdj :^on saop poo.iq ajeq.M
'j«:}sni.:) sqj }o J9:^u30 aqj niojj ai^otn
-a.i soaq esoqj .^q paj.iB^s :jsjy st qmoo
room. Those little companies of work-
ers, being too busily engaged to ex-
plore the combs of the hive, come to
feel their isolation and deprivation of
the com])anionship of tlie queen; then
they build drone-comb. Look at it
in this way: Bees will build queen
cells in any part of the hive where
brood, in any manner, is separated
from the main brood nest. Now, it
bees on old combs containing brood in
all stages of development and these
combs adjoining those wliere the
queen holds forth, feel the isolation
and loss of the queen to such an ex-
tent that tlie.v seek to repair her loss,
why doesn't the same hold true in tlie
other case? The fact that the queen
of a swarm often seeks drone-comb
and occupies it with brood when there
is unoccui)ied worker-comb awaiting
her is significant, and, un(}uestional)l.y,
it points back to the primitive purpose
of drone-comb.

There is a two-fold purpose, never-
theless, in tlie laying of drone-eggs
when the queen has calculations of her
own. rile nurse bees are clamoring
for l)rood and were the queen to at-
temi»t to gratify their wishes by lay-
ing none but worker-eggs she would
be, conse(iuentl.v, in no fit condition
to accomitany the swarm when it is-
sutid from its newly-furnisiied home.
By laying drone-eggs she can reduce
her avoirdupois while maintaining a

given demand for the food secretion*
of the nurse bees. One drone larvae re-
quires for its development, food suffi-
cient to mature several worker larvae.
In this manner the queen meets the ex-
igencies of the case without any seri-
ous inconvenience to herself. When the
time arrives for the departure of the
swarm, there is then every necessary
means for tliose left behind, to renew
their joys in another queen mother.

How beautifully perfect are the
combs built under the guidance of a
home-loving queen in the bloom and
vigor of youth! Her contented way
sheds an influence through eveiy part
of the hive; and, no matter how pres-
sing are th,e needs of store-comb, the
bees do not consider it an advantage
to them to build anything but worker-
comb. When their wax-secreting ma-
chinery is running full blast they do
not care for comb with fewer parti-
tions in it. Their queen is Avilling to
plod along with the use of the smaller
cells, and why shoiddn't they continue
to make them? Their mathematicians
fail to figure that there will be any
gain in time by making the larger and
thiclvcr combs.

There can be only so many bees,
working on the knife-like edge of the
comb at the same time, whether it be
drone or worker-coml). The cell walls
are brought up later by a different
force of I)ees who must wait, patient-
ly or otherwise, till tlie foundation of
the coml) l»as been laid by a limited
few. Why should tliose industrious
toilers further retiird labor on tbe
comb, in like manner, l)y framing it
with fewer side walls — walls to fi^t
those born idlers, the drones?

Evidence one more example of this
kind. In the crowded brood-chamber
of an establislied colon.v, having no su-
per-combs for the storage of hone.v, the
bees will fill an empt,y frame given "
them, with drone-comb and drone-
brood tlv)ngli thousands of comb-build-
ers are idle and storage room is sore-
ly needed. Ah, there is no mistaking
the motive in such action at any time*
Drone-comb is the expression of a love
of the assuring jiresence of those big
gentlemen Avhenever a spirit of ad-
venture pervades the ranks of the
coinb-builders. Natural drone-comb i»

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEErER

probably just as expensive to make as
worker-comb. The cells are necessari-
ly deeper and the greater distance be-
tween cell-walls make it more diffi-
cult for the bees to steady themselves
while working on them. Taking all
this in connection with the greater
amount of wax tUley would drop to
the floor of the hive, may offset the
apparent gain to the bees by the more
open construction of drone-comb.

The more we come to know those
things that are grievous to bees and
tend to provoke them to acts of
swarming; in short, when we learn
hpw to win them from their wayward
propensities, will we be able to sys-
tematize the( production of worker-
comb without the aid of comb founda-
tion. I hope there are many persons
among the hosts of Bee-Keeper read-
ers who are willing to help the good
work along. For, as the bees build
the honey-comb, so may we move
steadily onward by a concerted effort,
till that grand achievement is recorded
to the glory of honey-producers and
the enduring good of apiculture.

Wheelersburg, OMo, i_ ec. 3, 1903.

QUEEN REARING.

The Art as Practiced by a British Expert.
By John Hewitt.

DEAR MR. HILL: In all the
American bee papers I see from
time to time a lot of silly stuff
about rearing queens. The so-called
Doolittle system of making artificial
cells and putting in royal food being
about the favorite. All that Doolittle
discovered ( ?) will be found in Huber's
book, published over 100 years ago.
Huber also showed that bees, in select-
ing larvae to rear into queens always
began on those two days old; this
being so — and I know he is right — how
•can any one expect to get bees to start
on larvae just hatched from the egg?

Thlere is another fact, which I soon
found out, and that is, the bees quick-
ly remove all the royal food Doolittle
directs to be put in the cells, as they
will anything else they have not stored;
this led me to try putting in larvae
without the food and I then found they
developed almost every one into
queens, instead of just a few. I now
pared drone-comb down, cut it into

strips and put a larvae in every alter-
nate cell and these were all rearetl into
queens, although tliei(> uas not a trace
of royal food or the base of a queen
cell.

I did not. hoM-ever. feel satisfie^l as
if I gave just hatched larvae, they at
once dried up in the cells and veiy
few would be developed. I then
adopted the plan of giving the larvae
two days old. which were all soon on
their way to become queens; when the
cells were half-built I remove these
larvae and put in others just hatched
from the egg. so that they tumbled
as it were into a perfect bath of royal
food; these queens invariably hatched
out into splendid specimens.

Always on the "mend," I now used
drone larvae two days old, for the fol-
lowing reasons; The bees start queen
cells on them just as readily as on
worker larvae, and should one get
missed or overlooketl, it develops into
a drone and not a small queen to play
"old Harry" two days too soon, and
when one has to depend on help, it
does not do to take risks.

I soon got tired of hunting out drone
comb and cutting it into strips, so I
made a machine to make 50 cell cups
at once; these, held at exactly the right
distances in a frame are dipped into
molten wax and then immediately
stuck on a stick, as soon as the wax
gets cold the cells are all fastened to
the stick and are ready for larvae.

If all the queen rearing is done in
full stocks, having the swarming fever
on, no cell needs to be cut out, as the
bees will protect the queens, and Avhat
is more, so long as the swarming fe-
ver is kept on, the bees will start and
seal cells as fast as you give them no
matter how many they may have seal-
ed or queens already hatched and
ripening.

There is one very big advantage in
this, as every queen is examined be-
fore putting to a nucleus to mate and
all that do not "come up to the mark"
are destroyed, hence I have no second
or third class queens.

If queens are reared on these lines
and given to good strong nuclei to
mate, I'll guarantee — if good breeding
queens are used as mothers — the bees
produced by those queens will never
spring dwindle or suffer from winter
dysentery. I make this assertion after

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

Januaiy

17 years experience, in which, I have
sold thousands of queens guaranteed
against this eomphiint with never a
failure.

Whatever may be said in favor of
"Nature." it is the only plan I know
of in which queens can be reared arti-
ficially direct from the egg. and it cer-
tainly" produces better queens than
when left to natural development.

Of course, there will be plenty
of queen breeders who will swear by
■their own methods, but where is there
one who will guarantee his queens to
produce bees proof against spring
dwindling or winter dysentery like I
have been doing ever since 1889? If I
could not produce such bees, how is
it people send to me for all their
queens, and I have yet to receive the
iirst report of such a lot of bees?

I don't wish readers to infer that
I use artificial cell cups in every in-
stance, because I don't, for the bees
will start cells of their own, which
instead of removing, I remove the in-
cluded larvae and put in one just

hatched from the e^

Another fact

some queen breeders will not swallow,
is. the large number of queens I pro-
duce on my system— 500 per week
from one hive is nothing to wonder
at, while anything under 100 leads me
to' suspect something is wrong and
more than this. I never cut a cell out,
all being hatched in the stocks they
are reared in, being naturally protect-
ed and fed by the bees in their ceils
for two days at least.
Sheffield, England.

BEESWAX.

Something of Its Use in tlie Arts and Sciences'of
Ancienl'and IModernJImes.
By Dickson D. Alley.

THE OTHI-m DAY, while looking
at a beautiful piece of honey-
comb and admiring the wonder-
ful work of the bees, I began wonder-
ing if the average bee-keeper knew
what uses beeswax was put to, aftir
he had disposed of it to the dealer.
The apiarist is familiar with the man-
ner in which his wife uses it to rub
on her flat-iron or to draw her thread
through, when engaged in heavy sew-
ing. While he receives part of it
back in the shape of foundation.

Among the ancients it was an ex-
tensive article of commerce. They
used it largely in all their religious
ceremonies, embalming their dead, and
as an ingredient in precious ointments
and salves. The Roman used it for
coating his writing tablets on which
he indicted his thoughts with the sty-
lus, an instrument the prototype of our
lead pencil. Combined with other re-
sins the ancients calked the seams
of their galleys to render them water-
tight. The Romans bronze workers and
silversmiths used beeswax extensively
in their art. First making the model
in beeswax and forming a mould over
it of moulding sand. Then applying
heat and melting out the wax, leav-
ing the impression of the original in
the mould, into which they poured the
molten bronze. The Chinese also use
this process in their bronze castings,
it being applicable to the most com-
plicated forms of the original model:
such as the foliage of trees, etc. The
whole casting being made in one piece;
whereas, in modern bronze founding
the original is covered with a mould
which may consist of many pieces fit-
ting together. In large castings neces-
sitating the cutting of the model into
several pieces to be cast separately
and afterward braze<l together in the
finishied product.

The beautiful vases and other ob-
jects of the silversmith's art. are all
modeled in beeswax, to which has
been added some fatty substance and
powdered sulphur to keep it pliable.
A great many of our public statues
have been modeled in this material.

I>angstroth says: "Wax candles were
earlv introduced— with symbolical sig-
nification—into Christian worship, and
are still so employed in the Roman
Catholic church." The Episcopal
church also uses wax candles to .some
extent. For this purpose the wax is
bleached as white as snow.

Wax is used by engravers for cov-
ering copper plates with a thin coat,
through which they scratch the design
down to the copper; this is afterward
submitted to an etching bath of weak
acid which eats th/e exposed copper,
leaving that part of the plate coated
by the wax untouched.

Who has not heard of Mr. Jarley's
wax works? life-size and realistic fig-
ures made famous by Mr. Dickens in

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

one of his stones. In Mme. Taussand's
celebrated wax fi-ure show, of Lou-
don, and the equally good show in the
Eden Musee, New York City may be
seen in wax, all the celebrated person-
ages of history, in realistic attitudes
and besides all these may be mention-
ed the innumerable show figures used
by tradesmen for the display of their
goods.

It is also used by electricians as an
insulator; by dentists to obtain an im-
pression of the patient's jaws; by
chemists for dipping glass stoppers to
bottles containing strong acids and
alkalies; medicinally as an ingredient
in many preparations. It is used in
a photographic process for the produc-
tion of carbon prints; for polishing
hard-wood floors, and by decorative
painters as a glaze.

As the cold weather is hfere and the
bees are temporarily out of business,
why not start a discussion as to the
uses of the products of our little
friends the bees?

Yonkers, N. Y., Xov. 17. 1903

THE BEE IN THE GREEN HOUSE.

By M. F. Reeve.

THE CUCUMBER grower has no
more useful ally than the honey
bee, and the same industrious,
unpaid laborer, will do good service
among tomato and eggplant blossoms.
Every New England gardener has one
or more swarms of bees and a hive is
carried into the forcing house soon
after the cucumbers are planted so
that the bees may be ready to visit
the -first blossom. The cucumber, like
other i^lants of its tribe, bears two
kinds of blossoms on the same vine;
one sort has stamens, the other pistils!
It is necessary for the pollen of the
former to be carried to the latter. This
work was formerly done by hand, with
a camel's hair brush, until it was
found that the same result could be
attained more easily and cheaply
through the agency of bees. The little
insects are also more certain to find
and fertilize all the cucumber blossoms
than even an expert human operator.

Many tomato growers who carry on
operations in winter under glass have
found that a hive of bees in the forc-
ing house adds to the certainty of
pollenizing the blossoms. The New

England growers nearly all employ
bees for the purpose of fertilizing their
under-glass crops. Fifty cents per
pound has been a common New York
quotation for winter tomatoes

A green house man near by my place
complained to me. "your bees have
])layed the mischief with my carna-
tions. I had a lot of plants which I
had cross-fertilized with pollen for
getting bigger blooms. The bees got
in among them and mixed up the varie-
ties everyhow and I got all kinds of
variegated plants."

I .suggested that thereafter he en-
close the pollenized flowers with
y-auze until they w^-nt to seed, seeing
that the end he wanted was to get the
seeds to determine the result of his
experiment. He did so and informed
me that things had turned out .just as
he desired and that he had a'cania-
tion that would make the famous
Lawson .no.CK30 one look like thirty
cents for size and color.

The land grower who was experi-
menting with growing winter tomatoes
III one of the green houses and had
had indifferent success, borrowed a
hive of bees and was enthusiastic over
the results. He said the tomatoes
were in greater profusion and ripened
much l)etter, and at a time Avheii they
brought more money. Incidentally
the bees having the run of the green
house were of service in other fertiliz-
ing work.
Rutledge, Pa.

BEE HUMBUG.

"It is passing strange what a lot
of freak idea,s exist about the bee
and how, like a snowball, the rolling
nonsense has gathered unto itself in
its progress the vaporings of every
idle dreamer, of eveiy 'emotional fic-
tionist."— Arthur C. Miller, in Amer-
ican Bee-Keeper. Mr. Miller follo'ws
on Avith the startling assertion that
"the bee is a thoroughly selfish ani-
mal." He says that the manifold la-
bors of the worker are only the ex-
pression of the "parental instinct."
But when did "parental instinct" come
to spell selfishness? With such views
A. C. Miller is likely to feel lomely.—
Irish Bee Journal.

Can you send us just one new sub-
scriber?

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

A MILK AND HONEY FARM.

By Kev. C. M. Herring.

SVVn A FARM is run successfully
in Brunswick. Me., by Mr.
Charles D. Winslow. who is a
youns; man of broad intelligence and
"agrt^§ive enterprise. At the age of 19
lie conceived the idea of uniting the
l)nsiness of milk and honey-raising.
And looking forward to the possession
of a farm that was destined soon to
!)»' liis own. lie purchased of me a hive
of bees, wliicli. up to now. has increas-
ed to 40 strong colonies.

With tliesc and lilt cows, largely Jer-
sev. he has stocked his farm.

and he is destined to make his mark
as a milk and honey man. He is yet
a single gentleman, but he is popular
among the ladies, and he will, ere
long, make an adventure for life. If 1
should tie the knot, his "honey-moon,"
would be to me as the sun at noon.
I think this example of push and en-
terprise should attract the attention of
all young men. And especially of all
fanners, who would make the most of
their noble calling.

Brunswick. Me. Nov. 12. 19<)3.

CH.\S. D. WINSLOW

He thinks the best fodder he can
raise for his cows is alsike clover,
winch also affords the best supply of
nectar for his bees. These two pro-
ducts he brings to the city every <lay
in liis milk cart, on which is written.
in large letters-'Ture Honey and .ler-
sev Milk."

His charming white clover Ivmey
connnands a quick sale at 2r> cents per
pound, and his rich yellow milk joined
witli his honey, make a commodity
that pleases liis customers. Also, It
not dnlv furnislies his table with at-
tractive sweetness, but it keeps his
I»ocket-book well lined with fives and
tens. His work is brisk and groAving,

WIRING BROOD FRAMES.

The Way it is Done by a Bee-keeper of California.
By H. M. Jameson.

FRIEND HILL: Much has been
written and printed in the bee-
papers about wiring frames, in
fact, a lot of "wire-pulling" to accom-
plish little. They drive nails, etc.. for
tension. Nothing but hard work comes
of this. Then they hatch up some jig-
ger to hold the frame to stand the hard

pull.

:Most bee-keepers have plenty ot room
out of doors. Instead of causing the
wire to kink ajid crawl by winding
about something, unwind and sti-aight-
en it out. I fasten the wire near the
shop door, having the spool on a spin-
dle. I walk out through the olive
grove, now and then giving the wire
a pull, walk on till tlie whole is run
out, if so much is desired, giving it
a final pull stretching it several rods
if on a hot day. It will then be limp
as a string. If it breaks in pulling out
no harm is done.

The frame is pierced for four wires
and I get the best results by crossing
the center wires; this leaves practical-
ly three in the center with four at
either end. The wire draws through
the frame as would a string. With a
little practice you can measure thfe
amount you need for the frame when
you pull through the upper holes, or
the first pull, i. e., just enough to
reve through the balance of the
frame, having it come just long enough
to engage the tack or nail to hold it.
Now take a turn of wire around the
fore-finger of right hand, with glove
on. bracing the thumb against the
frame, which you have loose. With
the fingers of the left hand bear down

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

the thii'il wii-e from the top, then the
second, taking: up the shack with thie
right hand till the wires sing, and fast-
en as usual.

Fasten the foundation to top-bar and
draw smooth. With the fore-finger
nail of left hand draw the upper wire
down in the center one-half inch and
imbed there, keeping the sheet smooth,
imbed the crossed wires by catching
the lower one with thumb nail of left
hand, push it up one-fourth inch and
imbed there. The upper wire by being
sagged will hold and not sag more,
while the lower one will, if the founda-
tion does, thereby keeping it smooth
in center where it always sinks the
most. There will be no occasio^ for
getting the frame out of square in the
operation. The bight of the wire will
not cut through any ordinary cloth
glove.

I wish you a fine turkey dinner for
Thanksgiving.

Corona, Cal., Nov. IG, 1903.

A MYSTERIOUS ACT.

Peculiar Habit of Worker-bees Revealed by Obser-
vstion, and Its Possible Bearing upon Current
Subjects of Discussion.

By Arthur C. Miller.

^^T^EES do nothing invariably,"
£j quoth Mr. Hasty. Oh, go to
the bee thou skeptic, and learn
of her ways and be wise. In a broad
sense bees do nothing invariably. Cer-
tain general laws they are, by force of
their nature, compelled to follow.
When man interferes they adapt them-
selves to the disturbance and changed
conditions so far as they can. When
they do some seemingly erratic th^ng.
quite contrary to expectations we may
be sure that the fault lies in our inter-
pretation of the conditions, not in the
bees. As yet we know very little of
the laws of bee-life. Certain general
habits we recognize, but the stimuli
behind those habits are more than ob-
scure.

In the American Bee .lournal for
October 1. Mr. Hasty, in commenting
on my statements about bees' methods
of obtaining food from each other,
quotes an old legend as to the bee's
manner of ripening nectar, gently pro-
tr\iding a minute drop on thle end of
the ligula and then drawing it in

again." There is just enough truth in
the legend to make it misleading.

After an inflow of nectar or .syrup
many workers will be found clustered
quietly, and at first glance apparently
for no purpose. A little closer scrutiny
will reveal the motion of their mouths
and the appearance there of a tiny drop
of fluid. There it stays briefly and
then is withdraAvn and the mouth clos-
ed. This operation is repeated for a

long time, how long I do not know,
for my patience always gave out be-
fore the bee's did. I assume the oi>e-
ration has to do with the ripening or
conversion of the nectar, but whatever
it's purpose it is done entirely by the
mouth, the ligula or tongue having
nothing to do with it, being folded up
back iinder the chin. A few diagrams
may help to make it plain.

Fig. I is the front view of a work-
er's head as it appears during the
operation; the dotted line N, showing
where the drop of nectar (?) apr^eai-s.

Fig. II is a sectional view of a work-
er's head; Ibr is the labruni or upper
lip. mt is the mentuni or chin to which
the tongue is attached and bends or
folds back at B, but is shown extend-
ed and its parts separated. The man-
dibles are not shown as when the
tongue is not in use it, is folded up
behind the chin In the same figure
the dotted line N rei)resents the liquid.

8

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER iaBnnBf

In Fig. I the mandibles are shown
open, which is the usual position when
the bee is at work about the hive, ex-
cept when she is carrying something or
using them to push with as when
packing pollen or working on the
comb.

Providence, R. I., Oct. 11, 1903.

LARGE HONEY CROPS.

By F. Greiner.

MR. EDITOR: Allow me a few
explanatory remarks on the
above subject. The final report
of Mr. .Johnson's large honey crop in
December issue, sounds fishy and no
mistake. Mr. .Johnson had not ought
to expect but that such a report would
be looked upon with some suspicion
by a large number of bee-keepers. To
my knowledge no such a crop with
such increase has ever been secured
in our Northern States. If, one year
with another, I could do half as well
I should go into "bees" on a large
scale with the expectation of soon be-
ing able to buy out Rockefeller or any
other fellow; but unfortunately I have
the reputation of securing very small
yields generally, although I have
reached the 100 pound mark three
times in thirty years.

The season of 1902 is still vividly
in my recollection; it was one of the
wettest I have ever experienced. It
could not have been any worse, it
would seem. Clover was present in
great abundance, but the bees wei'e
kei)t from visiting the blossoms for
more than three-fourths of the time.
I have never passed through a moi-e
tantalizing time with my Ijees than
that season. Abxindance of honey at
the door, plenty of bees to take care
of it, but no oi)i)ort unity for them to
gather it in. Strange as it may seteni
during this most luifavorable season
I took from an outyard of 10 colonies
over 1,800 pounds of honey, half ex-
tra<-te<l and half in comb. As 1 recol-
lect, I have had other hone.v .seasons
when evei"j' condition seemed to be
unfavorable. It is not unreasonable
to expect thai at some time or other
a season might come around with all
conditions favorable, when a crop of
four times as much as I secin-ed in
1902 would not be impossible.

Tlie past buckwheat season was in-

terrupted in the midst of its glory
by a cold and wet spell which ended
it too soon to make a remarkable re-
cord, yet some colonies, put in best
possible shape at the beginning of the
season, stored 50 pounds in sections.
Seventy-five could have been easily
obtained with favorable weather.

The rule, as I have observed, seems
to be unfavorable weather during the
honey flow. Mr. Johnson has had a
season with all conditions favorable
and it is my opinion, he will not live
long enough to see another season as
good.

Speaking of the different sources we
in this part of Western New York may
get honey from, I might say the fol-
lowing, in order to show that a very
large yield, like Mr. Johnson's is pos-
sible.

There have been seasons when I
have seen my bees bring in quite a
little honey of excellent flavor from
sugar maple. It is the earliest honey
we get here. Generally the weather is
unfavorable during the few days the
bloom lasts. The fruit bloom comes
next. In some localities in this State
yields of comb honey are sometimes
secured. As high a yield as 100
pounds extracted honey has been re-
ported, although I have never even
tried to have honey stored in sections
from it. Raspberry bloom often gives
us surplus, and if there were enough
locust trees within reach of my bees
locust bloom could bk? depended upon
to somewhat swell the crop. Sumac
also figures as a source of surplus
honey in my localitj'. and my whole
honey crop is often ruined by the addi-
tion of this amber honey to the white
honey we are getting. White clover
I have known to yield honey abun-
dantly some three or four times with-
in the past 30 years, but 12 or 14
miles north of me it yields very regu-
larl.v, almost every year. Basswood
usually yields honey when it blooms
and the bloom is not destroyed by
forest-tent caterpillar. Basswood
and clover overlap each other, tlie
flow commences with latter and ends
with the former.

I have recorded one season in 30
when my bees continutnl to store
honey all the way along during the
usual interval between basswood and
liuchwheat. Buckwheat is more re-

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

9

liable here than is basswood, and
yields well, but some: years there is
not enough sown within easy reach
of our bees. After buckwhieat, I have
had a good run once in 30 years fi-oni
honey dew. It is an undesirable ad-
junct, still it is honey and we foimd
willing buyers for it. There are two
other plants which have the name
of yielding honey, l)ut so far as I am
concerned they might as well not ex-
ist— "goldynrod and sweet clover." Un-
doubtedly they yield honey in some
sections of New York, but like catnip,
the different mints, etc., they amount
to nothing hiere.

Summing up the matter it will be
seen that with all conditions favorable
we might have a continuous honey
flow from early spring till September
15. ^Vhieii this happens the avei'age
bee-keeper could, without difficulty, in-
crease from one colony and secure 500
pounds of surplus from every good
colony in the spring. Occasionally, a
bee-keeper may be so favored so as to
reach this maximum, but 1 shoidd con-
sider it an historical event. From
year to year I have looked forward
with the hope to once be favored with
one of those ideal honey seasons, but
so far in vain. Last season was quite
favorable, as compared with the aver-
age, having secured an average yield
of 45 pounds, mostly comb honey. At
this rate bee-kee])ing pays pretty well.
If bee-keepers all over our land aver-
age more than that bee-keeping Avould
pay too well and would soon be over-
done.

Naples, N. Y., Dec. 7, 1903.

THE BEST HONEY GATHERERS.

By (). :M. Hlanton.

ALTHOTMUI it is very difficult to
make a pertVct te.st of the capa-
bilities of the different strains
of bees, as to their capacity for gath-
ering honey, I have from many tests
in tvgard to them satisfietl myself that
there is little or no difference.

I placetl a Cypi'ian and black colony
side l)y side, both (pieens of previous
season, and both to all appearancvs
equally strong. At the height of the
honey flow remove<l the surplus combs
of honey. The blacks had filled eleven
"fombs completely full, and capped.

honey, and the Cyprians ten combs
with the eleventh comb filfed with the
exception of .".(» per cent, of capped
brood.

I also tested colonies of three-band-
'ed and golden Italians and Holy Lands
with colonies of blacks and with about
the same results.

1 had them all in Langstroth hives,
eleven frames in the upper stores and
ten frames in lower brood-chamber.
All the queens of the previous season.
I also use 20-frame and one-stoi-y
hives, and from one with black bees
removed twelve solid combs of cap-
ped honey, the brood confined to the
remaining eight frames.

It was my intention to weigh the
honey separately from each hive, but
being over crowded with work was
unable to do so. Upon close inspection
of my hives I could not see any
marked differemce in the qualities of
the different strains. My Camiolans
I have not tested enough to form a
correct opinion though they indicated
as good results.

The different strains showed their
viciousness in the following order:
The Cyprians almost intolerable; next
the Holy Lands, then the Italians, with
blacks and Carniolans of easy control.
The Carniolans and blacks crossed on
Cyprians were greatly modified. Ono
colony of Cornio-Cyprians were quite
gentle.

I see no advantage in Cyprians at
honey gathering, and it is the height
of folly to suffer such torture from
them without any remuneration. The
Cyprians whipped me out on several
occasions whilst I was endeavoring
to remove the surjjlus honey. Tobac-
co and even sui])hur could scarcely
control them when the smoke was
comparatively cool. On one occasion
I went through 15 colonies of blacks
and one Carnio-Cyprian without a
sting; and next attempted to remove
the surplus honey from an imported
C.vprian, and was completely driven
away, and next day made the attempt
again with same results.

There is no question as to the cross-
ing of strains being of great benefit in
preventing deterioration from in and
in-breeding; and Avhile we are so en-
gaged it is well to have in view gen-
tleness, as we gain nothing except tor-
ture in handling the vicious.

10

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

I prefer for crossinp; the thre<?-baud-
ed Italians, Carniolans and blacks. If
I was left to choose only one strain
of bees I would he loath to give up
the blacks; especially as they make
the prettiest comb honey.

Greenville, Miss.. Dec. 7, 1903.

CHICAGO NORTHWESTERN
CONVENTION.

ARTIFICIAL POLLEN.

By C. S. Harris.

I WAS VERY much interested in the
editorial concerning artificial pol-
len in the November issne of the
American Bee-Keeper. which was on
a line with my own experience the
pa.st season.

I'suall,v after a good flow fi-om saw
palmetto, the bees continue brood-rear-
ing, Avhich keeps them in good shape
for the cabbage palmetto, shortly to
follow: but this year all colonies cur-
tailed their brood and many queens
cea.»*ed laying.

In this i)articular instance, as re-
•gai'ds full colonies, it turned out to be
a piece of good hick, as cabbage pal-
metto was a complete failure and the
bees reared for it would have been
merel.v consumers: but during the saw
palmetto flow some queens in nuclei
had been badly crowded and. wanting
more brood. I end^eavored to get these
queens to lay. but with little success,
until pollen was obtained from some
source.

At the time, a friend suggested that
a lack of pol](Mi might be the cause of
the trouble and this seemed the more
likely from the fact that the bees had
stored little or no i)ollen from magnolia
bloom when, generally, the combs wex'e
crowded with it at this time.

Unless nectar is coming in freely
when magnolia is in iiloom the pollen
from it is apt to become a nuisanr-e.
as the bees will sometimes lill several
combs in th^e middle of the brood nest
with it and they are much slower in
removing it for the queen than honey
in a like i>osition.

This locality is strong on pollen, or.
always has been heretofore, and this
is my first exjierience of a shortage.
It dill not occur to me to try artificial
pollen, but the hint furnished by Mr.
Paries" experience may prove of great
value upon some similar occasion in
the future.

Holly Hill, Fla., Nov. 26, 1903.

Advancement in the Use of Formalin Gas in Treat-
ing Foul Brood.

(By .J. E. Johnson.)

I ATTENDED the Chicago conven-
tion December 2nd and 3rd, and
I don't think a more profitable or
harmonious bee-keepers' convention
was ever held in the United States.

On Thursday President York could
hardly get the bee-keepers to stop talk-
ing bees or get them to understand
that they must satisfy the inner man
with something to eat. Four or Ave
members would man.v times arise to
speak at once. Good natiu'e and har-
mony prevailed through all the con-
vention. There Avas a large attend-
ance. Among those present were Dr.
C. C. Miller, AV. Z. Hutchinson, E. T.
Abbott, Hnber Root, N. E. France. D.
K. Smith. Niver of New York and Fred
W. Muth. of Cincinnati, and many
other well-known bee-keeping experts.
Best of all everyone seemed to agree
that this was to be a harmonious and
profitalile convention: and I want to
say right here that I think all the un-
kind feelings aroused at I^os Angeles
were tied up in a bundle and sunk
in Lake Michigan. Uet us hope never
to rise again. Let us all practice for-
bearance and patience with one an-
other. We are not all built alike, and
don't see alike. I belieAe we all want
to do what is right and surely we afl
want the National Association to pros-
per. I don't expect to be able to do
much good, but I do want to impress
upon the minds of all that it is so
ver.y easy to do harm.

I believe the venerable Deacon is
right in a certain sense about the two
opposing parties, and that is this:
When friends misunderstand each oth-
er and are caused to utter bitter words
against each other, when tiie light of
forgiveness and forbearance shines iu
upon them, the.v will know each oth-
er's metal and be bound in closer
friendship than ever. In the good book
it sa.vK that in the day of .iudgment
those that are to be clad in white robes
have come up out of great tribulation.
lA>t our motto be kind words and kind
feelings toward one another, ami 5,000

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

11

members before next National conven-
tion will be the result.

The National is doinj;- a good work.
Every bee-keeper ought to belong to
it All within reach ought to belong
to the Chicago and Northwestern. I
live 163 miles from Chicago.

I talked with several old experi-
enced bee-keepers who produce lots of
both comb and extracted honey and
they sell their honey both comb and
extracted for 20 cents per pound. Just
think of the help it is to talk with
such men and get pointers not only
on selling honey but how to produce
it. I noticed in particular that these
same men were at the convention last
year, and if they live they will be there
next year.

There were samples of both comb
and extracted honey in different pack-
ages On exhibition from which we
might gain many ' valuable pointers.
Also there were sample combs of foul
brood with Inspectors France, Smith
and Hutchinson to kindly give us in-
formation so that we might be enabled
to detect it easily. President Geo. W.
York, Vice-President Mrs. Stowe and
Set'i'etary Herman F. Moore were re-
elected. There were quite a number of
lady bee-keejiers present. If you want
to attend the best convention ever held,
attend tlue next Chicago and North-
western— ^eveiy member belongs to
"the push."

FORMALIN GAS FOR FOUL
BROOD.

The Deacon sa.vs in December issue
that he wished T had shouted sooner
and louder about formalin gas. I have
met so man.v criticisms in the past in
other things that I had not the cour-
age of my convictions, but now I am
going to .iust ask the editor to kindly
move over and give me a little more
room while I shout .iust one more
shout.

Next time I will try and cut my arti-
cle short. As I have given chase to the
formalin rabbit I intend tostick to his
ti'ail until I either catch him or run
him into his hole for some one else to
catch.

So many are on the wrong track and
the longer they follow that track the
farther they get from home. Many
think that germs are of animal life.

The foul brood germ is a plant, and
it propagates by sporulating. which Is
a sexual act. Bacteria like the pear
blight germ, is a plant, but is non-
sexual. Now don't forget this: For-
malin gas will not of itself kill any
germ at all, no matter how strong; liut
when the gas and the air are combined
those two elements together produce
formic acid, and the formic acid is
what kills the germs and spores. So
many say, "Oh, your box was not
tight enough, therefore you failed,"
when the truth of the matter was. the
box was too tight. Remember that the
air is .iust as necessary as the gas.
You don't want your l)ox too tight. Let
in lots of gas and lots of air. As long
as you do that you will continue to
produce formic acid. When the air
stops coming in. .vou soon stop forming
tlie acid. When you appl.y formalin
gas to an air-tight chamlier you only
produce formic acid so long as that
air lasts, or until that air ceases to sup-
ply the necessary element. After that,
no matter how strong your gas is you
get no acid. Hence it is not effective.
Remember also that formic acid will
hurt neither bees nor brood. Bee-sting
poison is formic acid, the same ident-
ical stuff that is produced by formalin
gas and air.

I made the statement some time ago
that I hoped to see the time when this
gas could be so applied that it would
kill every gei"m and spore in a hive
full of bees and not cause the l)ees to
miss a meal; but in bee-journals I did
not venture to go further, as I knew
T was treading on dangerous ground,
but now as others have had their
say; tried and failed, perhaps the
brick bats won't fly so thick around
m.v head if I venture to offer a little
belli for your own good. Next month,
if I live, I will tr.v to tell you how you
can. without an.v machineiy b.v only
slight cost, apply formalin gas into
.vour hive full of bees no matter liow
rotten with foul l»rood and kill every
germ and spore and not kill your bees.
That is a prett>' broad statement, but
I think I can j)rove it. But don't
try it on a large scale till you know
.iust how.
"Williamsfield, Ills. Nov. 5, 1003.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

12

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

THE DEACON'S "PURPS" AXD OLD BRASH.

Dear Brother Hill: For the land's
sokes, why not let Mr. Johnson toll a
big yarn if he Avants to — it may be
true, which is more than it is safe to
gamble on with the tales of somo of
the boys. I be powerful sorry for John-
son; think of the thonsands of colo-
nies that'll be put in his bailiwick next
season.

Sutliin' sort of graspin" in that
Small chap of New Zealand, when lie
can't let pass a chance to talk. Must
be I'elated to some of we uns. Nice
mess he makes of figgei's; th(\v'll tw ist
some of the boys. I'ut it in gocKl I'. S.
values next time — but ])erhaps you
couldn't. The hnmilit.v of his Humble
bees reminds one of that of I'riah
Heaji. The.v mu.st be kin to Florida
dragon flies. Is that New Zealand
Flora he is to write abont. his wife or
some other fellow's?

Whew!! How hot .McXeal is a gel-
tin' under the collar. If .Aon don't be-
lieve in deej) frames, sa.v it softl.v.
Hobb.v he calls it. Not mucli — its a
nightmare. "Bees build downwards
far more readil.v than si<lewise," which
means that give the little cusses a
chance and they will build a coml) one
cell wide and as long as Mac's theo-
ries. Ah well, he's .voung yet: he'll
learn bye and bye. He's made of the
right stuff" and will com* out all right.

Nary a bit of the "stand jiat" about
I*at — always a ti-ottin' and 'tis back to
P'lorida this time.

"Bee-Keepers of Gotham.'' . None of
it in mine, thank .vou. I perfer to be
not quite so near Heaven. S'posiu' a
feller should forget and dodge back-
\\-;ir(ls when a mad bee got after him.
He'd start for the nether regions sort
(if suddint.

Jimmy's did it! One piece sections
not wuth a continental cuss — and yet
millions of them in use. But Jeems
is right— as usual. Doubt it? Wait
and see.

'Twixt you and Murnett and Popple-
ton raw extracted honey is getting a
black eye. Doubtless you will get dis-
loved. but never mind a little tbing
like that, so long as you are right.

I must cut my letter short, as I'm
a little bit busy, got to mail off" some
(pieens. kill a couple of chickens and
(Iress 'em. fix some gimcracks for
Mary, clean my gun, repair my wagon
and break a new dog. Guess I'll at-
tend to the (log fust; the other things
can wait till afternoon. This new pup
of mine will be nigh as good os old '
Brash, and either on 'em has more
sense than some humans. Why don't
you i)rint that i)icture of my dogsV I
believe it would please some of the
Itovs and might bring out a lot of dog

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

13

stories which you coukl run in when
bee-news is scarce.

All things are fish that come to the
net — of some folks, anyWow.
Yours as ever,

John Hardscrabble.

HAMILTON COUNTY (OHIO) BEE-
KEEPERS* ASSOCIATION.

By Wm. T. Gilliland.

THE ANNUAL MEETING of the
Hamilton County Bee-Keepers'
Association took place Monday
evening, September 14th, at the Grand
Hotel, Cincinnati.

The secretary, Mr. W. T. Gilliland,
read the minutes of the meeting held
September 1902. when the association
was organized. The by-laws were next
read, and together with the minutes,
were approved as read.

Upon roll-call of officers and mem-
bers, it was learned that 47 members
comprised the association.

The secretary was then called ur»on
to read the minutes of the various
meetings, beginning from the first
meeting, last September, up to the
present time. This proved very inter-
esting to all present, for in the mind's
eye, one could see the gradual growth
of the association, like unto a rose bud,
about to cast its splendor upon the
light of day, unfurls its tiny velvety
petals, and in due time becomes radi-
ant before the world. Kind readers,
our association has just begun to un-
furl its petals, of progress, but in a
short time we will stand forth as an
association of more than minor im-
portance.

Quite a treat was now in store for
us, and 'twas the secretary's rei<o!t
of the past .vear. Mr. Gilliland, who
is an able bee-keeper, speaks of the
as,sociatlon as having been successful
in the past year. When the associa-
tion was organized, 29 members were
recorded and in the course of tAvelve
months 18 new members were added,
and we congratidate ourselves on our
auspiciousness, for it is obvious we did
not strive in vain.

The question of foul brood prevailed
throughout our monthly meetings. The
formalin gas treatment, was brought
to the foreground, and discussed pro
and con time and again. A number
of bee-keej>ers were enthusiavstic to

have this treatment adopted by the so-
ciety, ami lost no time in putting ite
merits to a test, by fumr«,'ating the
infecte<l combs. The result, in every
instance, was a complete failure.

The association thereupon adopted
the McEvoy treatment, which is rec-
ognized and acknowledged, in Ameri-
ca., Canada, and Europe as the most
successful remedy known, at the pres-
ent time, for the permanent cure of
foul brood.

Cincinnati, being centrally located,
the society is making an effort to bring
the National Association of Bee-Keep-
ers to Cincinnati in 1904. This should
receive no little consideration, for
without a doubt, should the association
be successful in its efforts, it will
prove beneficial both to commercial
and business interests of the "Oueen
City of the West."

The editor of the American Bee-
Keeper, a most valuable and reliable
.iournal, has very kindly placed the
columns and the inrluence of his pa-
per at the disposal of this society.
This favor conferred upon us by the
American Bee-Keeper is fully ippre-
ciated by all interested in apiculture
in this vicinity.

Having finally disposed of the foul
brood question, it is now the duty and
should be the ardent wish of every
bee-keeper in Hamilton county and
vicinity to become enei-getic in placing
on the statute books of tire State of
Ohio, suitable laws which will pi-otect
the honey bee, as well as the various
interests connected therewith. With
this suggestion, the secretary's report
was brought to a close and was accept-
ed ais read.

Those present at the annual meeting
were afforded an exc-iellent ojiportunity
to examine specimens of foul brood,
a fine grade of hone.v, and an active
frame of working bees in an observa-
tion hive.

The treasurer's report was read and
accepted to be spread upon the min-
utes.

After the collection of the annual
dues, the election of officers for the
ensuing year took place and resulted
as follows:

President — Mr. Henr:« Shaffer.

Vice-President — Mr. John C. Froh-
liger.

14

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

.Tanuai-y

Secretary — Mr. Wm. J. Gilliland.

Treasurer — Mr. C. H. W. Weber.

It was then moved that an amend-
ment he made to the constitution, viz.:
that twelve nifembers serve on the
executive committee instead of six,
thereby i)romotiug a wider scope for
enthusiasm and Increased interest
amonjj the members.

The following members were chosen
to serve during the ensuing year:

Fred W. Muth. R. L. Curry, A. E.
Painter. C'has. Kuck, E. P. Rogers,
E. H. Chidlaw, Wm. McClennan. W.
R. Gould, G. Greene, E. H. Vaupel,
Miss Can-ie Boehme, ■Mrs. J. C. Fx'oh-
liger.

Mr. A. E. Painter, an able lawyer
and bee-keeper, favored the assembly
with an eloquent address pertaining
to the active interest which should be
manifested among the bee-keeping
fi'aternity, to interest the State Legis-
lature in procuring a foul brood law,
which would be an inexpressible ad-
vantage to the association, and bee-
keepers in general. Mi*. Painter deems
it advisable to appoint a special com-
mittee to go before the Tjegislature at
Columbus, but before doing so, how-
ever, he is of the opinion that it would
be prudent to send a circular letter to
each memlrer of the Legislative body,
in order that they may have time for
consideration and argument. This
method would undoul)tedly pi'ove
more effective to the interest and en-
ergy displayetl by the committee.

A few states have gained their point,
and are now resting easy under the
protection of a foul brood law. A
commissioner is appointed to notify
all bee-keepers, whose apiaries are in-
fected with the malady, to destroy all
such colonies, oi-, if possible, remedy
the defect. This commissioner is paid
out of the county's funds. Illinois, for
instance, is allowed $(1,000.00 annually
for this purpose.

If some of the states have been suc-
cessful, why can not we, in Ohio, who
have so, many broad-minded, brainy
men in our midst of practical bee-keep-
er.s, why cannot we dwell under a like
protection and advantage, which
might cori'ectly be terme<i a necessity?
There has been but one cause hereto-
fore, and that cause, the lack of inter-
est 'Tis true, we are all interested
in a way, but we must show active

interest, which, without a doubt, dur-
ing the coming year will wend its way,
and waft its breezes among the bee-
keeping fraternity over our entire
State.

Short, but none the less interesting,
addresses, pei-taining to the protection
of the honey bee. were ably delivered
by Messrs. E. H. Vaupel. Wm. McClen-
nan, and Fred. W. Muth.

A motion was made and seconded
that the members of the e.xecutive
committee should constitute the com-
mittee to bring before the State Leg-
islature this question of foul brood
law, to be energetic and tireless in
their efforts to render same effective
and successful, for in this way only
can our ambition be gratified.

Mr. W. J. Gilliland suggested that
a census be taken of the bee-keepers
in the State of Ohio, as well as the
number of hives each bee-keeper pos-
sesses.

Mr. Fred W. JNIuth again called the
attention of the assembly to put forth
all possible efforts in securing tlie
National Association of Bee-Keepers
in 1904. It was moved and seconded
that the executive staff take up the
matter immediatel.v.

A motion was made and seconded to
express our gratitude to the Grand
Hotel for their miieh appreciated kind-
ness in granting us the privilege tO'
hold our meetings in their spaciousM
and comfortable apartments.

A word in behalf of the Associationn
in general. We are proud of our asso-
ciation, and we have the right to feelll
so. When our little bod.v of bee-keep-,
ers nestled in a group, to form an or-
ganization, many predicted anythini
but success, and were firm in their be-
lief. Our little assembly, however,
was not to be daunted. They knewf
that they were entwined by the circle
of succass, and were firm in their de-
termination not to step 'behind the
boinids of this brilliant circle. Their
progress in so short a space of time,;
is indeed greater than they themselvs
anticipated. And now, since the
American Bee-Iveeper has .so kindly
volunteered to be our guide and friend,
we can do naught but win. Unity and,
harmony for the glory of the Hamil-j
ton County Bee-Keepers' Association.L
Wm. .r. Gilliland, Sec'y.
Sllverton. Ohio.

ir--

■w"

i

►-H-M-^-f-

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THE

Bee -Keeping World

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♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»

GERMANY.

By. F. Greiner, Naples, N. Y.
It is a well-known fact that the
honey-bee is endowed with two sets of
eyes. Two larjre eyes at the sides,
readily distinguishable, and th!e three
eyes in the forehead, which are not
so eonsi)ieiions. To find out something
about the functions of the two sets of
eyes Dr. Buttel, in the presence of
two other well-known men, made the
following experiments. First, he cov-
ered the three eyes in the forehead of
a l)<>e with black paint. The bee was
not inconvenienced by this, but flew
to the window. But when the large
eyes were covered only, the bee so
treated showed no inclination to fol-
low the light. Dr. Buttel says this
experiment does not prove that the
three small eyes do not serve some
purpose. He surmises they do at very
close range, perhaps within a few cen-
timeters of objects to be examined. —
Centralblatt.

Prof. Bachmetjew has lately discov-
ere<l slight differences l)etween normal
and abnormal drones. (The scientific
terms used by the Professor have no
meaning to the average bee-keeper and
I abstain from using them.)

Arndt makes the assertion in Preuss.
Bztg. that it is not always owing to
failure of queen when a colony is not
breeding up properly, but tha,t very
often lack of nurse-bees and pi'oper
food are the principal causes.

It is advised in "Neue Bztg." to use
only rain-water in rendering or clari-
fying beeswax. Well, or spring water
is said to often contain iron, especially
where there is red clay soil or sub-
soil. The iron discolors the wax, no
matter how careful one is in conduct-
ing the work.

According to Neuman, Sec. of Cen-
tralverein, Germany is still far from

having a foul brood law. He says,
without the bee-keepers co-operate
with the government, furnishing mate-
rials for experiments, such as qu<?ens
from badly diseased colonies, diseased
brood, honey from foul-broody hives
etc., also freely report and give thfeir
experience with the disease, there is
no telling when a law will be made and
come in force

Freudenstein resurrects the claim in
Neue Bztg. that bees need no pollen
for safe wintering, and that sugar is
entirely sufficient. He also claims that
nectar is nothing but pure sugar-water,
and that bees change the one as well
as the other into honey. Practically
he advocates what Lizzie Cotton did
about 30 years ago, viz.: That bee-
keeping can be made very profitable
by sugar-feeding. American red clover
queens are also a hobby of Freuden-
stein; he is keeping them for sale.
The leading bee-keepers of Germany
are in the opposition, perhaps rightly
so.

Dzierzon is opposed as much as ever
to the Gertsung hive and all others ac-
cessible from the top. It seems he has
never operated such hives, still he con-
demns them in the strongest terms,
and says they will be the ruination of
bee-keeping.

Dickel has recently found a second
in Dr. Albrecht Bethe, of Strassburg
University. — BienenVater.

TURKEY.

The followers of Mohammed have
singular customs as to bee-keeping. It
is a great sin to buy or sell bees. They
may be given away and one may ac-
cei)t a gift in return. Decoy hives are
placed about in bushes and trees to
catch absconding swarms; said hives
are rubbed over with certain herbs,
the names of which are kept secret.

16

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January-

Allah causes the swarms to take pos-
session of such hives and they may be
taken to the yard of the owner of the
hives as soon as they are populated
with bees. Clean hives is one of the es-
sentials in keeping an apiary. In the
absence of the owner only a good up-
right man must represent him, not a
woman, for she would cause the ruina-
tion of the whole enterprise. When
bees are owned in partnership these
partners must live in perfect harmony.
The least discord among them Avould
cause a worm to take possession of the
hive and after a while one would -find
instead of combs only webs therein.
It is believed that a large part of the
occupants of the hive sleep outside on
flowers and trees. When one wishes
to move a hive it should be done
Thursday evening, for this is said to
be the only time when all the bees are
foimd at home. Sometimes and by
special order of the Almighty all bees
gather in their hives Friday evening. —
(Rhein Bztg.)

AUSTRIA.
In the questions and answeivs de-
partment of Bienen-Vater it is asserted
that the cappings may be removed
from combs to be extracted by means
of the uncapping-fork Jwithout any
honey adhering to the cappings.

BRITISH HONDURAS.

Stann Creek, British Honduras,

Oct. 20, 1903.

Editor American Bee-Keeper: In
February, 1902, I started with four
colonies, and today I have 84 strong
colonies, and roughly I can say I have
drawn 25 to 30 kerosene tins full of
honey. The locality is fair, but being
in the town its hardly fair to say the
best has been done.

The bees gather honey all year
round from cocoaniit and other local
plants. No trouble to feed the bees,
although to some extent I expex-ienced
some dwindling last November and De-
cember which I attribute mostly to the
want of experience in the handli"g of
the bees. Most of my hives are "dove-
tail" from W. T. Falconer Manufactur-
ing Co., and they work well, or rather,
they suit this climate and tlie bees
work well in them. Next year I hope
to do well with honey and wax, al-
though I regret to say the market is

not very good locally, but a bee-keep-
ers' society has been organized in
Belize of which I am a member and
through which in August last I ship-
ped 11 kerosene tins of honey to Ger-
many to Mr. Oswald who kindly of-
fered to be our agent tliere. Before
shipping he assured us of ,30, ($7.50)
net per cwt.. but we have not yet re-
ceived a return of the shipment.

As I am an employee of the govern-
ment I am afraid I will be overstocked
with bees next year, but I mean to
limit myself to 100 colonies.

Dear Brother Hill: Can you tell
me through the medium of your col-
umns why it is my honey ferments?
I noticed it badly on my 'first extract-
ing. On inijuiry I was told that the
honey Avas not ripe, and since I never
extract any honey until the combs are
three-fonrthiS sealed, but there is slight
fermentation.

I like bee-keeping, and will always
feel thankful for your kind suggestions
tending to help beginners. Hoping I
will not weary you with my long epis-
tles, and Avith liind regards, I remain,
Very respectfull.v and fraternally yours
G. A. Nunez.

Fermentation may result from ex-
tracting "green" honey, or from ex-
posure to a humid atmosphere after
extracting. It may also be an inherent
quality characteristic of its kind. In
the latter case, we would suggest a
generous application of artificial heat
before canning, or in the open can,
then sealing air-tight. This ferment-
ing propensity is a quality peculiar to
nectar secreted by some members of
the palm family. We shall be pleased
to learn something of the future expe-
riences of our correspondent in hand-
ling such honey. — Editor.

PENNSYLVANIA STATE BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.
All bee-keepers in the State of Penn-
sylvania interested in forming a thor-
ough State organization are requested
to correspond with the undersigned.
E. L. Pratt, Swathmore, Pa.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

17

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.,

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA.

intercut in connection with iiis excel-
lent tirticle on "The Rest Honey finth-
eivrs" presented also in this issue of
The Bee-Keeper. p^rom many sources
w<^ set information corroborating our
lonji-established icle^i that the blacks
"are not to be sneezed at." This fact
we believe to be especially truie where
we are engaged in the pi-otluctiou of
c-omb honey.

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertisine: Rates.

x'ifteen cents per line, y words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two iser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion the month following.

Matters relating to business may be ad-
dressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
Fort Pierce, Fla., or Jamestown, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusjvely
for the editorial department should be ad-
dressed to the Florida office.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
you owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your early attention.

Mr. F. Danzenl)aker, the apiarian
inventor of Washington, D. C, spent
a few hours at The Bee-Keeper office
recently. Mr. Danzenbaker is circu-
lating among bee-keepers now with a
new smoker of his own invention, for
which many excellent qualities are
claimed

"Pacific States Bee Journal," is the
name of a new IG-page monthly pub-
lished at Ttilare. Calif., with P. F.
.\delsbach at the editorial helm. The
initial number presents a quantity of
good readinc". and the editor greets his
readers Avitb: "We are here. How
do you like the 'holler' of the infant?"
Should our esteemed contemporai'y
fail to achieve great success in the
realm of apicultural .iournalism. it will
certainly not be because of any stilted
dignity upon its own part. We wish
it success.

Our Correspondents Department this
month contains two very interesting
reports — those of Dr. Blanton and of
Mr. Thos. Worthington. They are in-
teresting from the fact that two-thirds
of Mr. Worthington's bees are blacks,
and Dr. Blanton's becomes of special

Burr Stacey Mention, in Pacific
States Bee .Tournal. says, "unsealed
honey contains four to -five per cent,
more water than sealed honey." We
know nothing as to how this definite
information was obtained, but we in-
cline strongly to the belief that the
statement is misleading in the ex-
treme, even though a single test may
have demonstrated its accuracy. The
writer has many times extracted
honey unsealed that was so thick as
to render the operation extremely diffi-
cult. On the other hand, he is quite
familiar with varieties of honey which
after uncapping could nearly all be
thrown from the comb while held in
the hands. Indeed, such honey some-
times ferments after sealing, bursts
the cappings and oozes from the combs
while yet in the hives. It is, therefore,
apparent that the statement above
quoted should, at least, be supple-
mented with a qualifying clause.

18

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

Leo F. Hanejran, of Glen wood, Wis.,
we learn, has sold his apiarian equip-
ment to Mr. J. Gobeli, of Boyceville,
who will take iip his residence at
Glenwood at an early date. Mr. Han-
egan's bee-keeping expei'ience has
been a decided sticcess, and he still
pins his faith to the honey bee as a
source of livelihood; though it is yet
uncertain as to where his next ven-
ture Avill be launched. Both Messrs.
Hanegan and Gobeli are Bee-Keeper
subscribers, and our well-wishes are
with them.

It is said in the Pacific States Bee
Journal that John Walker, near Tu-
lare, Calif., has three hives of bees
which prodiiced about .$00.00 worth of
honey last season. The average "dol-
lar's worth" per colony, where but a
very few colonies are kept, frequently
exceeds the record of the expert spe-
cialist, for the reason that a special
price may be obtained for such small
lots in the local market, whereas the
extensive producer is obliged to seek
the usual channels of trade, and to
accept the "market prices" for his
goods. There is almost always an out-
let for a very limited quantity of comb
honey in the home market, at prices
considerably above market quotations.
At 20 cents a poiind, there is nothing
very remarkable about this record —
an average of 100 pounds per colony.

BROOD FRAMES.

In the American Bee Journal the
question is asked: "If for some rea-
son you Avere to start in anew to keep
bees, and were obliged to get an en-
tirely new outfit, what would be the
dimensions of the brood frame?"

The quei-y is answered by 27 practi-
cal apiarists. Fifteen substantially fa-
vor the Langstroth. Five would
adopt a shallower frame and six of the
number prefer one of greater depth.
One "counsellor" fails to understand
the question. Mrs. L. Harrison, one
of the answerers, makes response
thus: "The Langstroth frame. It is
the only one I've ever had experience
with, and the inventor made no mis-
takes." While Mr. Langsti'oth, by
reason of the great service rendered
the bee-keeping fraternity, through his
investigations and invention, has well
earned the esteem everywhere be-

stowed upon his name, it should be
borne in mind that, after all, he was
but human, and it is altogether im-
probable that he succeeded in treading
the pathway of terrestrial life for over
four score years without having com-
mitted any "mistakes."

DON'T BURDEN YOUR BRAIN.

The Bee-Keeper has upon its ex-
change list 15 to 20 apiarian journals,
many genei'al agricultural periodicals,
and one hybrid afFair which purports
to embrace both qualities. In its
December issue it pays the following
magnificent tribute to specialized bee
.iournalism and the intelligence .of
"farmers who keep but a few colonies
of bees:"

"Farmers who keep but a few colo-
nies of bees need not bother them-
selves about much that is discussed
in bee journals. A large amount of
what is found there has no excuse for
being there, unless it be on the plea
that the professional writers must
have something to fill up space. Such
subjects as "Mating in Confinement,"
"Formalin Gas for Foul Brood," "Do
the Bees Kill the Drones or do They
Die of Starvation?" may be passed
over without much injury, by the
farmer. Neither is it worth the farm-
er's while to spend much time reading
about honey exchanges or any kind of
commercial organizations for the sale
of his honey or wax. What he needs
more than anything else is to know
how to secure a good crop, and then
to be told where he can find a market
at a living price, and what, under the
law of supply and demand, his honey
is really worth."

NEW APIARIAN INVENTION,
In order that American Bee-Keeper
readers may be kept well informed in
regard to every detail of apiarian pro-
gress, we begin this month a new de-
partment in wliiich will be announced
every new invention pertaining to bees
patented in the United States and
England.

As we earnestly desire that the Bee-
Keeper shall be complete in every way,
we shall be pleased to consider siiggee-
tions from our readers in regard to oth-
er features not already embraced and
which may be thought to be of value
to bee-keepers.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPBIH

19

Our esteemed contemporary evident-
ly deems columns and pages of per-
sonal, petty wranglings of more inter-
eat and value to the "farmers who
keep but a few colonies of bee^s," than
a knowledge of methods whereby foul
brood may be eradicated, or the mat-
ing of queens controlled. He should
know, it seems, "how to secure a good
honey crop, and then to be told where
he can find a market at a living price."
We presume then, that, having been
"told," the said "farmer" should forth-
with proceed to sell where he is "told."
What a calamity it would be, indeed,
if the farmer bee-keeper .should, per-
chance, have wasted sufficient time
during the winter evenings to have ac-
quired a fair knowledge of the pres-
ent status of the whole world's apia-
rian conditions; and possibly may
have taken a slight hand at the woi'lv
of shaping these conditions more to his
liking than they would otherwise have
been. And then, what if he were to
have the audacity to exercise to some
extent his own mental faculty in re-
gard to the disposition of his own pro-
duct. It would be bad. too, if he
should persist in reading the bee jour-
nals to the extent that he should learn
that good stock have a tendency to in-
crease tlie honey yields, and that the
development of good stock depended
largely upon his al)ility to control mat-
ing. He might find out, too, that com-
mercial organization is to be the pa-
rent of "living prices," as well as
to largely govern the "demand," and
distribute the "supply;" and, tliere-
fore, that his personal interests are
directly influenced by any movement
wliich sets in motion the wheels of
"commercial organization."

It is the honest opinion of The
American Bee-Keeper that "farmers
who keep but a few colonies of bees"
are not liable to injure tliemselves
either mentally or financially, by the
acquisition of too much knowledge rel-
ative to even those "few colonies," and
their management. If any reader of
the bee journals finds himself men-
aced in such manner, if lie will for-
ward to u,s a self-addressed postal
card, we think we are (jualified to
point him to one publication which
may be freely perused without border-
ing upon the danger line.

EUCALYPTUS IIOBUSTA.

We have to thank Mr. H. M. Jame-
son, Corona, Galif.. for a generous
package of seed of this nectar-yield-
ing tree, and shall endeavor to test
its adaptability to this section of the
South. Mr. .Jameson states that E.
Robusta is rich in honey and remains
in bloom two or three months. He has
several hundred of these trees, but
owing to the fact that he has about
as many colonies of bees as trees, does
not, of course, get any eucalypt honey.
Robusta. Mr. Jameson says, blooms
in two or three years from the seed,
and thrives best in moist land; though
it does exceedinglj' well in some very
dry locations in Southern California.

Any of our readers who are inter-
ested in the cultivation of the eucalypt
may secure a splendid work upon the
subject by addressing the Bureau of
Forestry, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. and asking for
Bulletin No. .35, entitled "Eucalypts
Cultivated in the United States."

"EXTRACTED" HONEY.

The following paragraph is from a
letter recentlj' received from a well-
known Northern apiarist:

"Recently in looking over a book of
honey labels I was forcibly struck
with the word 'extracted.' It looked
out of place, and I believe sliould be
left oflf all labels. 'Comb honey' does
not have to be lal)eled such, and why
should extracted honey in glass have
doubt thrown on it by hitching on the
word 'extracted?' It add(S nothing,
and very often arouses suspicion.
Honey in cans is presupposed to be
out of the comb. Help kick that word
out of everything except the bee pa-
pers and market quotations."

Thei'e is no doubt that good, honest
honey has been placed under the ban
of suspicion as a result of the ambi-
guity of the word "extracted" as dis-
I)layed ui)on retail packages. Upon
ca.snal notice the prospective buyer
seems to acquire the idea that it is
an "extract of honey." and not "real
bees' honey." It becomes a question,
however, whether it would be the part
of wisdom for an infant industry to
reliiKiuish so good and specific a word
upon the ground that it had failed to-
become thoroughly understood by the
l)nblic. While it may be a fact that

I

20

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

•'honey in cans is presupposed to be
out of the comb," according to some of
our Texas brethren no insignificant
quantity of honey in the comb is now
marketed in cans, and a wonderful
degree of popuhirity is anticipated for
this "bulk honey" in cans.

Under existing conditions, we think
the word "extracted" should not con-
stitute a part of the leading line of a
display label. "Pure Honey,'' or "Ab'-
solutely Pure Honey,'' should be given
the greater prominence, and some
brief explanation accompany the "ex-
tracted" part thereof. In this connec-
tion we would state that the Southern
Drug Journal now uses the word "ex-
tracted" in its list of prices, instead
of "strained.'' honey, as formerly. This
is a result of our recent response to
the Journal's request for information
as to the difference in strained and
■extracted honey. The following clip-
ping is from the December number:

"'IS HONEY STRAINED OR EX-
TRACTED?"
"In reply to this question propounded
in the Journal for October, page 147,
the American Bee-Keeper for Novem-
ber says, in effect, "Both." The moss-
"backs and fogies in the business strain
their honey, but the up-to-date apicul-
turist extracts his in a centrifugal ma-
chine which does not destroy the comb
(which may be used over and over
again), and does not crush cocoons,
pollen, dead bees and other foreign
matter in such a way as to deteriorate
the finished product.

"Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, of Grant,
Fla., writes us as follows:

" 'I see by the American Bee-Keeper
for this month, that you can not see
the difference between strained and
•extracted honc.v. I am sure of the tAvo
were placed l)efore you, you would
soon see. The old idea that honey
made people sick, was caused b.v eat-
ing this strained hone.v with pollen and
bee larvae and other things which
should not be tliere. A dentist ex-
tracts teeth and we pull out the honey
with the help of an extractor, from the
•combs.'

*' 'Strained hone.v' in our price list
-started the discussion. We have made
the change."

Thus it will be se<»n how much good
may be accomplished by a slight ef-
fort along educational lines. But some

effort is necessar.v. The public is will-
ing to learn, if a teacher be provided.
We see no reason why everyone may
not become quite as familiar with and
understand as fully the significance
of "Extracted Honey" as they now
do, "Boston Baked Beans." However,
this joiu-nal has been accused of be-
lieving that bee-keepers know better
than anyone else what they want, and
if they want the word "extracted," in
connection w'th market packages, rel-
egated to the background, or entirely
expunged, let's hear from the bee-keep-
ers. We are with them always for that
which gives promise of advancing fra-
ternal interests.

BEEDOM AT HOME AND ABROAD.

In its issue for October El Ck)lmen-
ero Espanol (The Spanish Bee-Keep-
er), simimarizes "The General State of
Apiculture," briefly reviewing the sit-
uation in the ITnited States. Ghili,
Cuba, Santo Domingo, Argentine Re-
public, Uruguay, Mexico, Germany,
Austria, Russia. Belgium, Switzerland,
England, France and Spain.

Such a compendium of apiarian in-
formation, if reliable, would be of the
greatest interest, and we doubt not
tliat, for the greater part, this compi-
lation is quite so. However, after
paying a very high compliment to
American bee-keepers, and to the
American peoi)le. our esteemed eon-
temi)orar,v gives some statistical infor-
mation relative to the apiarian situ-
ation in the United States which is,
obviously, based upon rumor rather
than actual facts, wherein it is stated
that Mr. A. I. Root employes 700
workmen, and that Capt. Hethering-
toii's 7.00O colonies of bees yiekl an-
nually from fifty to sixty thousand
dollars worth of honey.

(rerniany is credited with having
two million colonies in movable-comb
hives, and given first place among
Euro)teiui countries, in apiarian im-
portance. The annual production of
honey is given as 20,000 tons, which
is of fine <iuaiity and very white.
France, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria
and England all come in for ver.v flaf-
tering notices, apiculturally.

Altogether, the epitome is a most
interesting one. and bears evidence
of commendable enterprise upon the
part of the Colmenera.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

. 21

Leota, Miss., Nov. S, 1U03.
Dear Sir:

I begun last spring with 85 colonies
of bees, five weak and 80 strong. I
increased to 140 colonies. I bought 125
pounds medium brood foundation and
used the full sheets. I bought 20
queens — ^Italians and Carniolans. They
are beautiful bees but do not surpass
the hybrids as honey gatherers or
breeders. My honey record is phenom-
enal. A hybrid colony gathered 74
pounds extractetl in 17 days. My 85
colonies (spring count) gathered 24,-
000 pounds extracted honey and gave
me 253 pounds of wax. I have ship-
ped 22,000 pounds of honey and 253
pounds of wax. I have on hand 2,000
pounds of honey.

Thes. Worthington.

P. S. — Have kept an ficcurate ac-
count of everything in my apiary, and
can give any further data you may
need. T. W.

Naples, N. Y., Nov. 5. 1903.
Dear Mr. Hill: My honey crop is
about disposed of. We had no real
fancy honey; received 13c. net for
white, 10c. for dark. I had over 6,000
pounds of comb, and about 1,500 ex-
tracted.

Freidemann Greiner.
Greenville, :Miss., Dec. 7, 1903.

Editor Bee-Keeper:

I commenced the season of 1903 with
190 colonies; increased to 240. Ex-
tracted 16,200 pounds honey. Remov-
ed 400 pounds comb, and wax 180
pounds.

April, May. .Tnne and July were not-
ed for their remarkable honey flow,
and until the 10th of August when
h'esA'y rains set in, followed in Septem-
ber with excessive' hvann weather
and drought until the 20th, from
thence until the close of October a
large honey flow from goldenrod, bone-
set and smart-weed enabled the bees
to store abundant honey for winter.
O. M. Blanton.

AN AMATEUR'S QUESTIONS.
Olean, N. Y., Dec. 11, '08.
Editor American Ree-Keeper:

Dear Sir: As an amateur in the bee
business I find myself confronted witk
a i>roblem that I am unable to solve.
In stating my case, and to make it
plain, it will be necessary to make a
few quotations, not in view of criti-
cism, but, on the other hand, in view
of gaining knowledge. I will begin
my tale of woe by saying that I am
contemplating the raising of a few
queens the coming season, using the
Alley queen nursery-cage plan. Note —
"The Honey Bee." pages 272-273 —
"The cages are covered with wire clotk
on each side and inserted in a frame,
etc., etc." "The frame is inserted in a
strong colony, not necessarily queen-
less since these young queens are
caged,'' etc., etc. I had my plans laid
as I thought ver.v nicely upon these
lines, and while searching for further
knowledge I stumbled onto the follow-
ing. Note — 35. American Bee-Keeper,
under heading "Introducing Virgi*
Queens." "The virgin to be introduced
is caged with thte reigning queen over
hatching brood, honey, etc. .Mr.
A. says the virgin will kill her old rival
invariably."

In the first instance the (lueen is
hatched in the cage. In the 2nd, the
queen is hatched before caging, and
in neither instjince have we passed
the virgin point.

Question No. 1. I do not want the
reigning queen of a colony killed. Note
—"The Honey Bee," page 265, para-
graph 518. "It is very important t9
have the queen well in or near the
brood or the bees might neglect it."

Question No. 2. Is it necessary that
l)ees must have immediate access to
the cells after they are sealed (or in
other words 8 or 9 days old) up to
within a day or so of the hatching
point if the proper amount of heat can
be procured otherwise.

Question No. 3. Do the liees perform
an.v functions relative to development
during the above stated period by hav-
ing immediate access that would not
be attained if the cell was in a cage
and the hive up to the proper tempera-
ture?

Will some one more clearly define
these points? To the experienced bee-
keeper they will, no doubt, be wholly

I

22

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

January

rudimental, but to nie at present seem
a hard lesson.

A'ery respectfully yours,

John J. Grant.
Our correspondent's perplexity is,
doubtless, the result of having con-
fused two different problems, namely:
queen-rearing and the introduction of
virgin queens. These are entirely sep-
arate matters, and need not, of neces-
6it.y, haw any connection. The item
quoted from our February issue, 1903,
has reference simply to a method for
the supersedure of failing queens,
while the other quotation has to do
with the matter of developing, or rear-
ing the queen. It is not necessary that
the bees have immediate access to the
queen cells after having been capped,
providing, as suggested, that a proper
temperature is maintained. In reply to
question No. 3, we should say, none
whatever. Though suggestions upon
this point are not solicited by our cor-
respondent, in view of his inexperi-
ence, and the supposition that he de-
sires to rear but a few queens for
his own use, we feel constrained to
suggest that it would be better to dis-
pense entirely with such things as
nursery cages, etc., and simply insert
ripe cells in queenless colonies or nu-
clei prepared for their reception. — Ed-
itor.

RECENT APIARIAN PATENTS,

741,7()4. Comb-frame for Bee Hives.

James W. Brown, I.os Angeles, Cal.

Filed May 7, 1903. Serial No. If));,-

104. (No model.)

Olaim.^ — ]. A reversible bee-comb
frame, comprising a frame and Mire
attached to the ends thereof, having
their upi»er ends bent outward to form
hangers, and their lower ends ))ent in-
ward t(j form supportei's, said wires
being rotable so that when the frame is
reversed the wii-es can be turned and
the hangers become supporters and the
supporters become hangers, substan-
tially as described.

2. In combination with the frame,
of the suspending devices extending
through the sides thereof, and having
their ends bent in opposite directions,
so as to form frame-hangers at top,
and frame-supportei's at thie bottom,
substantially as descril>ed.

3. Tlie lierein described rcAersible
bee-comb frame, comprising a rect-
angular frame, and wires extending
through the frame at each end there-
of, said wires having their i)ro.iecting
ends above and below the frame, res-
pectively bent at right angles in oppo-
site directions, the upper bend project-
ing beyond the sides of frame to form
frame-hangei's, and the lower bends
j)ro.iecting beneath the frame to sup-
port the weight thereof, said wires be-
ing rotal)]e so that the position of the
bends may be reversed, and the frame
suspended either side up, substantially
as described.

NEAV YORK STATE INSTITUTES.

llomulus. N. Y., Dec. 14, 1903.
Editor American Bee-Keeper.

Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville,
Wis., General Manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, has been se-
cured l)y the Bureau of Farmers' In-
stitutes to speak at a series of Bee-
Iveeper Institutes in connection Avith
the local B.-K. Societies as follows:

Canandaigna, January, G-7.

Romulus, Janujiry 8.

Cortland, Januiiry 9.

Auburn, .January 11.

Oswego, January 12.

.\msterdam, January 13.

Syracuse, January 14-15.

The meeting on the loth will be that
of the N. Y. S. Asso. of B.-K. Societies.
C. B. Howard, Sec.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

WASHINGTON GRADING RULES
Fiinuy: All sections ;to be well filled, combs
straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to
all fonr sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by
travel staiu or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex-
cept the row of cells next the wood.

No. 1; All sections well tilled, bnt combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with
bnt few cells nnsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled by travel stain on otherwise.

In addition to this the honey is to be clas.«iified
according to color, usinp the terms white, amber
and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white,"
"No. 1 dark," etc.

THE MARKETS.

New York, Dec. 8. — The demand is
good for faiic.v honey. Only fair for
off grades. Supply equal to demand.
We quote Fancy Avhite, 13 to 14c.; Am-
ber, 12, dark, 10 to lie. ped pound.
Extracted, white, G 1-2; light amber,
6; amber, 5 3-4; dark, 5 1-2. Beeswax
is in fair demand, with supply light at
2ft to 29c.— Hildreth & Segelken.

Boston, Dec. 7. — Owing to very large
receipts from California we quote our
market at present as follows: Fancy
white in 1-pound sections, IG to 17c. ;
A.No.l. 10c. ; No. 1. IHc. No call for No.
2. Extracted. 0 to 8c., according to
quality. — Blake, Scott »& Lee.

Buffalo, Dec. 7. — The demand is very
good just now for fancy stock. The
supply is moderate. We quote, fancy
comb. 14 to 15c. per pound; extracted,
5 to 7c. The demand for beeswax is
always good. Price at this date, 30 to
33c., for fancy.— Batterson & Co.

Kansas City. Mo., Dec. 7. — The de-
mand for honey is good, with large
supply. Price of comb, 12 1-2 to 13c.,
darfe, 11 to 12c., extracted, 5 1-2 to 0
l-2e Extracted honey is slow sale.
Beeswax is in light supply at 30c. —
Hamblin & Sappington.

Chicago, Dec. 7. — At this season of
the year there is not much trade in
lioney, i-etailers having laid in their
stock for the holidays. Fancy comb
honey for the Christmas trade has
brought 13 l-2c. No. 1 grades 12 1-2
to 13 cents; amber 9 to 10; extracted
white brings 6 to 7 cents; amber 5 to
6 cents. All extracted honey is sold
on its flavor, quality, kind and style
of packing. Beeswax 28 to 30 cents. —
R. A. Burnett & Co.

Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 5. — Receipts
of comb honey larger, demand fair,
prices easier. We quote fancy 24-sec-
tion cases $2.75 to $2.85; No. 1, 24-sec-
tion cases $2.75; No. 2, 24-section cases
$2.65; Extracted white, 7 to 7 l-2c.;
Extracted amber, per pound, 6 to 6 1-2
cents. — demons & Co.

comb is Bold in single case lots at 14c.
The supply of extracted honey is big,
although the demand is good. We are
selling amber extracted in barrels at
5 3-4 to 6 l-2c. ; white clover in barrels
and cans, 7 1-2 to 8 l-2c, according to
quality. Beeswax, 30c.

The Fred W. Muth CJo.

I

Cincinnati, Dec. 15. — The demand for
comb honey is slower now than it was
six weeks ago, owing to the enormous
quantities offered on all sides. Fancy

Cent»a=Word Column.

The rate is uniformly one cent for each
word, eacTi month; no advertisement however
small will be accepted for less than twenty
cents, and must be paid in advance. Count
the words and remit with order accordingly.

WANTED — To correspond with parties de-
siring a bee-keeper to assist in care of bees;
by an old bee-keeper. South preferred. J. W.
Teflft, South Wales, N. Y.

BIGGEST little book out. MODERN BEE
CULTURE. New. 10c. silver. L. R. Kerr,
Germania, Aik.

FOR SALE — Farms, both large and small;
also, houses and lots, everywhere. Send for
free bulletins. W. H. Burke, Clifton

Springs, N. Y. 1-3

SPECIAL — From now to March 1st, six
months' trial subscription to The Modern
American for ten one-cent stamps. Address.
American Pub. Co., Alexander, Ark. 1 -It

WANTED— To exchange six-month trial aub-
icription to The American Bee-Keeper for M
cents in postage stamps. Address, Bee-Keeper.
Falconer. N. Y.

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr. Camera Com-
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost |8.M,
will sell with leather case for $3.50 cash. A4
dress Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N. Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost $150, in first-class condition, was built
to order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview ave.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising novel-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for cata-
logue and terms. American Manufacturing
Concern, Jamestown, N Y.

"We have an awful appetite for order*."

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG., CO.,

Bee-keepers' Supplies Jamestown, N. Y.

Send us. your name and address for a ea*-
logue.

The more you advertise your busi-
ness the more business you will have
to advertise. — Printers Ink.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

GEO. J. VANDE VORD, DAYTONA, FLA.
Breeds choice Italian queens early. AH
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfaction
guaranteed.

CH. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
• (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.) Golden
yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred
from select mothers in separate apiaries.

THE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY, BEE-
VILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Carniolan,
Cyprian, Albino and 3 aiid 5-banded Italian
queens. Write for our low prices. Satisfaction
gnaranteed..

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.. sends
•J out the choicest 3-banded and golden Italian
queens that skill and experience can produce.
Satisfaction guaranteed. No disea.se.

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, Eng. 4

I B. CHASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has tine
J» golden Itiilian queens early and late. Work-
ers little inclined to swarm, and cap their honey
very white. Hundreds of his old customers stick
to him year after year. Circular free.

CWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTHMORE,
»^ PA. Our bees and queens are the brighest
Italians procurable. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Correspondence in English, French, German and
Spanish. Shipments to all parts of the world.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
• Superior stock queens, 81. .30 each; queen
and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for only S'2.00.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO., (John
W. Pharr, Prop.) BERCLAIR, TEXAS, is
breeding fine golden and 3-banded Italian and
Carniolan queens. Prices are low. Please write
for special information desired.

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write T. P. iloore. L. Box 1, .Morgan, Ky. 4

MAPS.

A Test pocket Map of your State.
New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, ia seven colors, all
railroads, postoflfices — and man\
towns not given in the postal guide
— rivers, lakes and mountains, with
index and population of counties,
cities and towns. Census — it gives
all official returns. We will send
you postpaid any state map you
wish for

20 cents (sHver)

JOHN W. HANN,

^g Wauneta, Neb

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly,
Sample Free.

flS" All about Bees and their

profitable care. Best writers.

Oldest bee-paper; iUustrated.
Departments for beg-inners

and for women bee-keepers.

QEORQE W. YORK & CO..

144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago,Ill.

CLUBBING LIST.

We will send The American Bee
Keeper with the —

Price
Rocky Mountain Bee Jour-
nal $ .50

What to Eeat 1.00

Bee-Keepers' Review 1.00

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00

Gleanings in Bee Culture. . 1.00

American Queen 50

The American Boy 1.00

Irish Bee Journal 36

Poultry News 25

Both

$ .75

1.00

1.35

1.35

1.35

.60

1.00

.65

50

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTIRAL MONTH-
LY IN THE UNITED STATES ^^^^^^^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM UND HAUS

& tf.

BLUPFTON, OHIO.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-Siilpfjur Water aud Mud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, Skin and
Blood Diseases. Constipation, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, Slectric Lights, Hot and Cold Water
on each floor. Rates including Room, Board,
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sr.lphur Wiiter Baths and
Medical Atteadanoe (no extras) $2.50 and
$3.00 a dav, according to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should tbiak of buy-
ing land before seeing a copy at
THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE
JOURNAL. It contains the large«t
list of lands for sale of any paper
published in Iowa. Ref.ches 30,-
000 readers each issue, and is one
of the best advertising mediums to
reach the farmers and the Home-
Seekers that you can advertise in.
For 75c we will mail you the Jour-
nal for 1 yeer, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you
the Journal 2 months on triaL
Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.

10-lf.

The subscription price of the ROCKY
MOUNTAIN BEE JOURNAL is M cent*.
W* will send it witk THE BEE-KEEPER
snc year (or only 7i centi.

Austral Culturist

and Poultry Gazette.

Also THE APlARISr.

Horticulture.
Special industries.

(Established 10 years).

20 pages monthly. Subscription .3s. Hd. per anaiiB.

This journal circulates in all the Austral-
asici. Colonies, including New Zealand aod
Tasmania. A good medium to Amerieam
firms desiring an Australian trade.

Head oflfice for Australian Colonies,

229 Collins St., Melbourne, Australia.

WILL

YOUR

EXTRACTED HONEY

if Quality and Price is Right, Quantity will make no dif-
ference. Handle Several Carloads Every Month. Mail
sample, with lowest price, delivered Cincinnati. I pay cash
on delivery. Reference, Brighton German Banking Co.

Cli ¥^7" W/CD CO Successor to

• 11. W» WCr CK? CHAS. F. MUTH and A. MUTH.

Office and Salesrooms, 2146-48 Ceil ral eoue, Cir%ntr%n«i-t O
Warerooms, Freeman and dtUal A\ues, WllClIinoIl, I/.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos prccios en to-
da clase de articulos para Apicultores.
Nuestra Fabrica es una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In-
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo soliciten. Dirija-
nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

>
-f

REMEMBER

IF YOU SUBSCRIBE NOW, YOU CAN
HAVE THE

American Bee=Keeper

sent to your address regularly

Three Full Years for One Dollar. X

Of all offers in the line of bee literature, this
caps the climax. Please tell your friends
what we are offering. Send all subscriptions
to the Falconer, N. Y., office.

POOL IKY CULTUKE

Poultry Culture is the oldest poul-
try paper published in Kansas City.
Full of poultry news and has a large
circulation in Missouri, Kansas and
Oklahoma.
50 cents per year, Sample copies on
request.

Poultry Culture Pub. Co.,

KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

FIGHTING ROOSTERS

Mystify and amuse your
f rieuds, These arc two gen-
uine game roosters witl^
feathers, they fight to a
finish, and are always ready
to figlit. The secret of their
movements is only known to
flie operator. Will last a life-
time. IHc per pair, 3 for 2jc,
postpaid. Address

ZH/VO SUPPLY CO.,

Box J.,
IND1AN\P0US, - INDIANA,

The Kecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgiai
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLET, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interestea, don't fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

tf.

R. J. FINLEY,

MACON , MO.

ATHEJ^S, GA.

Subscription, . . . . 50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

POULTRY NEW^S.

25 Cts A Year.— AGENTS WANTED.

Bf Department in charge of W. W.
Fowler, of Ardsley, N. Y.

NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY.

A BATH

rMPIRE

J^ Portable

IS a

wher
taken in an

Folding BATH TUB.

Used in any room.
Agents Wanted.
Catalogue Free.
. The empire
WASHER CO.,

jAMESTOWN,N.r,

H )ugli Hi(! r ^
gv t HP, " Cqi T

R.OUgK R,ider strawberry

Best shipper, b?st keener, best seller, latest and most
product! vcstrawOerry in esisteuue. .'&n5J from 2!4 acres
m TOtiO. Wasshipped to iMighiud successfully. Wecft'er
\ ■) in gold for larj^ost berry produced in 1903. Agents
^^ mted in all strawberry sections. We control the orig-
in itor's plants. Buy at headquarters and get genuine
plants. Catalogue free.
L. J. FARMER. Introducer. Box PULASKI, OSWEGO CO., N.Y.

THE NATIONAL SPORTSMAN.

The handsomest, brightest, most mtcrestinc.
illustrated monthly magarine deroted te all
kinds of sports, games, and outdoor recreation
iatfiple copy mailed to any address on receipt
of Ift cents in stamps. Subscription price |1 ^m
yr-ar. V'v hy pay more? Address,

THE NATIONAL SPORTSMAN,

tf. tf«MMI. U&W

An ad. will bring returns. '
How does this strike you?

The SOUTH OMAHA

ftaily Times

is the only general daily news-
paper published in a city ('f
2601 iuhabitants. It.s various
features make it a welcomed
visitor to every home in South
Omaha, and to hundreds of
farmers and stock shippers in
Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakotn,
Kansas, Colorado, and other
cattle- and hog-raisit^g states.

Advertising rates very low,

SOUTH OMAHA, NEB.

m

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks

Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a gketoh and deBcription may
quickly ascertain our opinion fr'^a whether an
inyention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly cone den tial. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securinepatents.

Patents taken throueh Munn & Co. recelre
•p«c(a( notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Jfmcrican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Lardest cir-
oalation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
rear ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN iCo.3«^ Broadway. New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

r

CLUBBING

OFFERS

Nothing- like them ever
betore offertd.'

They will astonish you.

Learn about them be-
fore subscribing for
any other paper.

SAMPLE COPIES and PARTICULARS
FREE. WRITE NOW.

Modern Farmer,

St. Joseph, Missouri.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 29 cents cash or 31 cents
:n .GTOod.s for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once.
Prices subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

T^ee Supplies from Lewis

They are the finest.
THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES,
MILLIONS OF SECTIONS.

Ready for Pronmt Shipment.

G. B. Lewis Co.^^ST?:a.

KASTFRN AGENCIES. C. M. Scott &
Co., 1004 Kast Washington St., Indianapolis,
I nd.

THE FRED \V. MUTH CO..
Front and Walnut Sts.,
CINCI.V.VATl. OIIK).

Catalogue Free.

tf.

DOJ^'T RELAX YOUR EFFORTS

after spending money for new hives and fixtures, valu;

^i

R^ iSHIlFclS'bl^ time in the preparation of these for new swarms, lea>

-] ing other work at a convenient time (for the bees) to hiy
■''^EYij them; and now that a good crop is ready the next step
TJ^I Attractive packages. Our assortment of packages ft
^^ comb honey we beheve woukl be "difficult to improve upc
for the purpose designed.

The special features of the No-Drip Cases for

comb honey we have advertised for several years are

the Paper Trays and Drip Sticks which provide for

the collection of leaking honey in trays. Thcbe also

prevent its oozing out at the cracks to gather dust Jj

and dirt and present a very untidy appearance to say

the least. A light frame is now used cl- ar mound

the glass in front which hides any unsealed cells in

the outer row, and exposes to view only the finished

work in the center. The material is white basswood.

The joints are perfect fitting, the work being done by machine-filed saws

These No-Drip Cases are made i^
12, 1 6 and 24 lb. sizes for regular 47 ii
sections, as well as intermediate weight
for plain sections. These are supplie

I

\

I

with 2 and 3 in. glass to meet the (U
mands of bee-keepers. The Danzenlx
dvcr and Ideal sections are also provide
for with No-Drip Cases, but these ai
furnished with 3 in. glass only.

The value of attractive packages en

not he overestimated, and wide-awal

bee-keepers are beginning to reili;

_„ this fact. In cartoons we supply tw

kinds, the Dazenbaker and the Folding; these are furnished for th-e. rej2

ular sizes of sections . Both of these are furnished with special printii-;

at a nominal charge.

Our packages for comb honey

would be incomplete without ship-
ping crates for shipping of honey.

This one shown herewith is i1ie

regular package we ship out the

cases in the flat, We can furnish

these in the flat for the different

sizes of the section cases at 60c.

each, or $5.00 for ten.

For prices on any of the above or any other bee-keepers' supplies address any ot our agents, or

MEDINA, OHIO.

Entered at the Postomce, Fort i^iercc, Fia.. as second-class mail matter

Webster's Ui\abrid§ed
Dictioivary

Send $1.00, the regular subscription price qI IHE HOUSlillULD KEALM, and you
will receive the Kealni one full year and WEBSTER'S COMPLETE UNABRIDGED DIC-
l|i)NAKY, full regular size, bound in cloth, 1282 pap-es, size of page 8Vfexl9^ inches, gilt
letters, mottled edges. The dictionary is guaranteed to be exactly the same as retails in
many stores for $5 and $6. We send both for only JL

THE HOUSEHOLD REALM

is a large, handsome, illustrated magazine, devoted to all that pertains to the home. Some of

the Departments are. Household, Cooking, Chil drcn Garden, Fruit and Flower, House Plans,

Fashion, Fancy Work, Stories, Poetry, Music. ,Mi>^cellaneous Articles, etc. Established in 1886.

THE HOUSEHOLD REALM. 325 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO, ILL.

lenic

COMMODE

V/ATER-

SEAL

IN SUBURBAN HOMES,

where modern baiiiroum iacilities are denied from lack of sewerage,

the Hyeioiiic Wat er-Seai Comraode is an absolute necessity

for comfort and saniiaiion. Mecded in all Hospitals Sanitarium*
and Hotels. l.\ SICKNESS, especially in CONTAGIOUS DIS-
E.\SES, the Commode is indispensable in every home, as the Water-
Seal prevents the esca pe of all germs and odors. It is light and port-
able— weighs 5 X'l lbs; made of best galvanized iron; will last a life-
time Provided with disiniectant cup. Indnr-ed by leading physicians and nurses. Send fo--
lUustraied Circular. PRICE $3.00. PURCHASER PAYS EXPRKSS CHARGES.
WV FURNISH DISIN FECTANT WHEN DESIRED, for 25 cents additional.
HV<;il-NlC WAIEK-SEAI. COMMODE CO.. Como. Bldg., Chicago, 111.

njf If, EINaSAM
J-"*-5 has made all the im-
5 provements in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, undoubted!}
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, i inch stove, none too large sent

postpaid, per mail fi.50

3^ inch MO

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 100

2^ inch 90

r. F.Bingham, LitUeWonder,'2in. !65

Farwell, Wlich.

10>OOOPIantsforl6c

More gardens and famia are planted to
Salzer'8 Seeils than any otiier in
. -Vnierii'a. Tliere is reason for tl)i8. ——
AVe own and operate over MX) acres for
the i)roductioii of our warranted seeds.
In order to induce you to try them, we
iiiaKe you the following unpre-i
_ oedented offer:

Fof 16 Cents Postpaid

Kino KnrI}, .Modiam and I.ate Cabbagea, .
20()l» UcIleiuUH, Carrots, '

UOUU Blaocliine t'elerj,
20)10 KIch Nutty Lrttuee,
lUOO S|il«Ddld OnloDB,
1000 Itarc Lusclouv ItadUhea,
1000 (iloriuuHly ilrilllaut I'lowani.
AtMjve seven packages contain suffl-
cieiit seed to grovi' 1U,00(I plants, fur-
nigliingbuahersorbrlllluiitfluwerB '
and lots and lots of clioi<'e vegeta-
bles,togetlier with our Kreatca(ak)K, (
telling all about Klowers, I{o8e8,
Small Fruits, etc., all for l6c in
stamps and this notice. Jlain-
nioth 140-page catalog alone, 4c.
JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO.,
^' La Crosse, Wis.

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co.,
stf Nashville, Tenn.

Patent Wired Comb Fonndation

has no sag in brood tTJin^r*.

ThlD Flat Bottom Fomdatloa

has no Fish-bone in Surplus ITnnev.
Being llif cleanest is usually worWed the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
ibciit wiring fnimes iieems absurd. VVe fnrni«h
a Wired Foundation that is Better. Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.
Circulars and samples free.

J. VAN DEUSEN A SONS.

Si>le Manufactur»rs

.luin»jumer> (.uun>- Spr t Brook, N. V

>^

Bee H i ves

Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JMMETSTOWNi, N. Y.

J

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AGRICUL=
JURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

BEGINNERS.

shon.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; writtea ei-
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just on'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years
Editor York says: "It is the Enest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 21 cents; by
Kail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a liTe, proeressiye, 23 page monthly journal,) one
year for ti.ic. Apply to any first-class dealer, •T
address

LEAHY MFG. CO., HisfiHSTiu,, m..

iTHISflSm^PIPE*

The only Pipe made

thnt cannot be told

from a cigar. Holds

a larpe'pifte full of

tobacco and lasts for years. Agents" outfit and a 25-cent sample

by mail for lOe., and our Big Bargain Catalog Free. Addresi,

ZGNO SUPPLY CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

PATENTS

promptly ohtainrd OR NO FEE. Trade-Marks,
Caveata. CopvriRhts and Lahels reffistered.
TWENTY YEAitS' PRACTICE. Higheot references.
Seud model, sketch or photo, for free report |
on patentability. All business confidential.
HAND-BOOS FREE. Explains everything. Tells
H.w to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
mechanical movenxents, and oontamsSOO other
smlJectiAf importance to inrenters. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & GO. .r:'

. 780 F Street North. WASHINGTON, D.C.

00 YOUR HENS PAY?

This woman understands
her business, 10 Dozen
Eggs at 36c. per dozen
Irom 180 hens in
one day.

That Egg

Basket

tells the
story.

Ten Dozen at 36o. per doz. In one day for
Our New Book "Helps for Poultry Kf
how, explains wliy so many fail and so f ■
A Book we can commend with a good c<.
a GREAT HELP to all Poultry Keeper,
old. Describes 00 varieties of fowls, well 1.
and contains a Poultry Keepers Account .
gain or loss monthly ;on heavy paper worih i. . .
This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one y tar for
25c. or Book free with paper 3 months for lOe.
I>escriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage.

Wayside Poultry Co., Cliiitonville, Conn.

YOURSELF, WASHING THE OLD

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3©C5©?5©©<5<!^©©0©©©0©©© ©©OOO©©

Vol. XIV

FEBRUARY, 1904

No. 2

Minter in (^olora^o.

BY EUGENE FIELD.

(f/^ HE snow lies deep upon the ground,
\W The birds sing sweetly in tne trets,
^ — -^ The scent of roses all around
Is borne upon the icy breeze.

Upon each irrigating stream

The skating youth indulge in play,

While women folk, like fairies, beam
In summer hats and white pekay.

The plumber taps the pipe that's froze,
And tears up ceiling, side and floor;

While round about the ice man goes,
And leaves his chattels at our door.

The man with frozen hands and feet
Is hurried off and put to bed ;

Another, prostrate with the heat,
Wears cabbage leaves upon his head.

Thus speeds the weather in our State,
A batch of contradictions rude,

And we assign our varying fate
To this peculiar altitude.

24

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

FOUL BROOD IN THE APIARY,

Prevention, Not Cure, a Solution of the Problem. An Exhaustive Discussion of the
Subject by a Pioneer in the Formalin Treatment.

BY C. H. W. WEBER.

IN 3875 Hilbert discovered that bac-
teria are the originators of many
iufpctious diseases.

In 1S54 Cohn proved the vegetable
nature of bacteria, and showed that
foul brood was caused by those bac-
teria.

Dr. Kolbe advocated salicylic acid
for curing foul brood. Since then, it
has been proven, that the treatment of
foul brood colonies
' with antisceptics is
insufficient, and
that a successful
cure is only to be
expected of the col-
onies of bees them-
selves and of their
natural treatment
and development.

In 1883 the crea-
tor of foul brood
was described by
Cheshire & Cheyne
as a thin bacillus,
slightly rounded on
each end, having a
length of 3-5 to 4
ihousandths milli-
meter, and only col-
ored with difficulty,
they named it "Ba-
cillus Alvei." The
temperature most
favorable for its de-
velopment is 37, 5
degrees R. or 115 degrees F. (Maxi-
mum 47 degrees R., minimum 16 de-
grees R.). The spores, which are thick-
er than the actual bacillus are formed
on the ends of the bacillus which as-
sume the form of a spindle during the
formation of spores, they can be killed
on being boiled for three hours.

Professor Harrison discovered, that
development of the bacillus alvei is
stopped by betanaphtol, also by formic
acid, formaldehyde and thymol. On
adding 10 per cent, of forrnic acid to
the food in the cells for the larvae the
formation of the bacillus alvei is pre-
vented.

By my own experiments and trials
with the foul brood germ 1 learned that
the fumes of formaline will kill the
bacteria and spores on coming in con-
tact with them. Thus far it was
thought, that bacillus alvei was a par-
ticular variety of bacterium only found
in colonies of bees, but September,
1902, Dr. Lambotte, of the Uni-
versity of Leige published that by
careful examina-
tion he found, that
the bacillus alvei is
identical with the
bacillus mesenteri-
cus vulgaris, so
plentifully found in
Nature.

From Fluegge
and Migula we
know, that, first,
the biclllus mesen-
tericus vulgatus is
found on potatoes
and milk, especially
in the ground. Sec-
ond, that the bacil-
lus mesentericus
fuscus is found on
potato pealing and
in the air. Third,
that according to
Globig, the bacillus
mesentericus ruber
is usually found on
potatoes. To these
three varieties Dr.
Lambotte adds as a fourth the bacillus
mesentericus vulgaris,whiich specie ap-
pears especially upon ill-kept bread,
and which is said to be identical with
the originator of the foul brood. It Is
expected that other bacteriologists will
confirm Dr. Lambotte's statement.

The observations of Lambotte ex-
plain why so many bee-colonies be-
come affected with foul brood, where
any contagion from other colonies is
ex<?luded or absolutely impossible.
They also prove, that the destrnction
or burning of the affected colonies Is
insufficient for the successful exter-
mination of the foul brood. Of what

1!)04

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

25

avail will the destmction of afPected
colonies be, wben the cause of the
dispnse is sprend ovov tho entire uni-
verse, in the Rronnd, in the air, on the
plants and fruits?

Mehrin.e- writes in his book, that foul
brood of the worst form can be pro-
duced by feeding a colony with the
.iuife of dried fruit, wliich bad been
cooked and sweetened with sugar.
This shows that the bacteria must be
on fruits.

PhTl. Reidenbach says: "The foul
brood iTPc^pr'n have not siT^h (lestrnc-
tive peculiarities that a larvae, com-
ing in contact with it must get sick
and die." Then he says, that he made
an one per cent, solution of foul In'-^od
combs in water; this he added to the
food for the larvae of difFerent ages,
in the cells by means of a eamel's
hair brush. In spite of this, all larvae
developed into bees in due time, only
when he introduced the pure foul brood
to the food in the cells, the larvae died,
but the colony did not become affected
with foul brood on that account, for
the dead larvae were removed by the
bees and the colony had been primarily
a sti'ong one.

Some bee-keepers claim, that they
gave frames affected Avith foul brood
to strong, healthy colonies in order to
reclean them, without any sign of sick-
ness or disease being perceptible later
on. Formerly it AA'as customary to
fiirht against the foul brood by means
of disinfectants, however, without any
satisfactory results being obtained;
finally, the bacteriologists came to the
conclusion, that the bacillus were
merely killed but not the spores, for
whose extermination the disinfectants
would have to be so highly concen-
trated that the bees were unable to
endure it. If weaker substances, for
instance a solution of formaldehyde
were used the malady was checked for
the time being, but reapneared when
the treatment was discontinued. These
failui-es created a feeling of disponr-
agement, and it was considered as
foolish to tr.v to cure the malady on
these principles. But it is not quite
so bad as it seems to be, for the hard
work, the bee-keeper undertakes by
trying to disinfect his bees, the bees
themselves willingly relieve him of,
because Nature has fitted them out to
best perform this work themselves.
The bees are best adapted to free

themselves most rapidly of foul broody
nymphs and larvae; for this purpose
they produce special substances, for
preventing the development of the bac-
cillus and spores and for keeping them
in a latent condition.

We are encountering a new miracle
of the apiary. The keeping of the
bacillus from further doing harm. In
other words, the disinfection of their
homes, is executed by the bees them-
selves by application of substances,
which the human intellect first discov-
ered after many years of research and
which at present are accepted as the
most effective disinfectants for our
homes. First, the secretion of the
salivary glands and the foodchyle of
the bees contain abundant vinous acid,
which is analogous with the acid in
grapes and wine.

Second. A long time after the newly
hatched bee has left the cell the brood
cells still produce gasious formic acid.
Third. The larvae contain plenty of
concentrated formic acid, which as a
free acid from the vinous acid of the
food chyle oxidation. Fourth. The
etherial oils, which the bees gather
with the nectar and pollen, serve as
disinfectants and act as a stimulant
or spjpe for their food.

Phil. Reidenbach claims, that on
chemical analysis of thymolatic Ajo-
Avan oil he found it to be a first -class
stimulant and antiseptic, nearly as
effective as sublimate. This. Dr. Lam-
botte endorses emphatically, saying,
that he arrived at the same results by
microscopic investigations. That the
larvae contain substances of an anti-
septic nature which prevent the de-
velopment of bacillus, for which rea-
son bacteria may appear in healthy
larvae. The transsubstantiation in the
bees and larvae, the formation of
formic acid from vinous acid of the
food-chyle by means of oxydation is
of great value for keeping foul brood
out of the colon.v. If the bees are to
be energetic and ambitious, so that
they clean up their brood frames and
carry out all their dead larvae and
nymphs; if they are to produce anti-
septic substances in abundance, and if
they shall be healthy and resistible
against foul brood the following con-
ditions must be complied with under
all circumstances:

1st. A good ventilation of the hives.

2nd. Good food, honey and pollen.

26

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

3rd. A normal queen which produces
strong, healthy population.

The results of poor ventilation of the
hives are known: in winter a wet
colony, moldy combs which are unable
to produce formic acid, scarcity of air,
increased wants for food, setting on
brood in unreasonable season, scarcity
of water, dysentery, chilled brood, foul
brood. In summer, overheating, dull-
ness, poor quality and scarcity of food,
dying of the brood and again foul
brood.

Experience teaches us that foul
brood is easily produced in those colo-
nies, where there is poor ventilation.
Honey is the only food for bees, sugar
containing hardly any albumen will
not have the desired effect. Whoever
had the opportunity to see how bees
prefer honey when sugar is set next to
it; whoever has not observed, that in
spring the swarms fed in winter with
honey are in advance of those raised
on sugar, will have to learn from physi-
ology, that the development of all
animals and formation of nitrogenous
organic substances depends on the al-
bumen in the food; hence the energetic
active spirit of the bees depends on
their food. This shows, that the bees
need honey and pollen in order to be
able to take up the fight against foul
brood. What has a colony of bees
got to nourish its brood in spring, witu
a solution of sugar which contains
scarcely any albumen? Nothing, not
even what they need to keep up the
energetic spirit to throw out the dead
larvae and nymphs. How valuable the
albumen is in the food, we can readily
observe in the wild animals. Without
albumen where would their energetic
spirit be? A foul brood colony never
shows life. Pollen is the food for bees,
which contains the most albumen.
What pollen amounts to we can learn
from the Heide bee-keepers. Mr.
Lehrzen, of Lueneburg, writes: The
bee-keepers claim that if the bees are
left in one place for three years, they
will all be infected with foul brood,
caused as the bee-keepers claim, by
the lack of pollen until late in tne sea-
son. This also shows, that the origin-
ator of foul brood must be widely dif-
fused, for if foul lirood appears in con-
sequence of missing pollen, the foul
brood bacteria must be very plen-
tiful. When pollen is missing the
bees will keep themselves for some-

time as the honey contains about from
1 to 3 per cent, of albumen. The most
of this in digested form called peptone,
which does not melt on cooking. The
presence of peptone in honey I have
found on analysis. Out of the salivary
glands, the peptone is more or less
transformed into a sugar solution, but
in quantities too small. Often the
queen is at fault, that the colony be-
comes sick, if she produces more or
less degenerated bees. Degeneration
shows itself on the creatures by organ-
ic defects, insufficient development,
small resistability against contagious
diseases, short life, especially by lazi-
ness and lack of energy. The degen-
eration is a consequence of abnormal
conditions, especially copulation of
near relation. Look for good ventila-
tion, good food for fresh blood and for
queens not related to your stock.

Other precautions for the prevention
of the malady, which, however, are of
secondary importance, must be taken
into consideration. Under all circum-
stances keep away contagious combs
and honey as much as possible. When
buying honey for feeding, we should
be very careful to place no foul brood
combs into healthy colonies; watch the
brood cells at all times, in order to de-
tect the presence of the disease in the
beginning. Disinfect all used hives,
which come from other apiaries, fumi--
gate them with formaline. All bacillus
and spores are positively killed by the
formaldehyde fumes under the follow-
ing conditions: They must be so ex-
posed that the fumes can come in con-
tact with them, they may only be cov-
ered with thin materials, for instance,
paper, one cubimeter of air must at
least contain eight grains of formalde-
hyde, the air of the respective depart-
ment must be very moist and warm
and the fumigation must be continued
for at least seven hours.

Formaldehyde is highly recommeded,
because it leaves no odor or residue in
the hives or combs. For fumigation,
pastilles in a retorte may be used, the
fumes out of the retorte to be led into
the hive, into which a vessel with boil- '
ing water had been previously placed.
After ten hours all foul brood, bacillus
and spores will be dead. Or, the lamp,
which I described about a year ago,
may be used.

A 40 per cent solution of formalde-
hyde is called formaline. One pastille

1904

THE ,\.]fERrCAN liEE-KEEPER

27

produces one grain formaldehyde.
First, it acts as formaldehyde, then as
formic acid into which it was trans-
formed by oxydation. C.H.20 (formal-
dehyde + 20 (oxygon )=C H20 formic
acid). Formaldehyde readily oxydizes
into formic acid in the air. It is not
imi)nssil)le that the escaping formic
acid, which is generated in the brood
cells, originates from formaldehyde.

Is it not interesting to know that
science has found the way of Nature,
and that the antiseptics we now use
and which are acknowledged to be the
best are the same, which Nature has
forever used in the bee hive? We no
longer place all our hopes upon the ap-
plication of one remedy, but rather
upon the colony itself, upon the con-
ditions prevailing in the hives, upon
the conditions of the colon^, so that
it is able to produce the substance
which it needs for the prevention of the
evil, uiion the energetic spirit which
will make the bees throw out the dead
larvae and nymphs.

The strength of the colony which has
to be treated must be talven into con-
sideration. When the disease is no-
ticed in a weak colony, I would not
try to cure it, but would unite it with
another one of the same condition, as
the value of time thus employed would
re])av the trouble. The sickness iiasses
through various stages, we may there-
fore make two divisions, calling the
one the first or harmless stage, and
when it is further advanced, the sec-
ond or dangerous stage. A strong col-
ony throws out the nymphs and larvae
when dead at once and cannot become
foul broody.

If the colony suffers, however, under
the depression of unhealthy conditions
by not having enough supply of
healthy food or from exposure to the
cold, or from overlTeating, then we
notice dullness and laziness on the
part of the bees and they no longer
throw the dead larvae and nymphs out
of the cells. These suffering bees
may malce an attemjit to do so, or may
gnaw at the dead larvae and nymphs,
removing the cappings of the cells in
which they had died two days after
being capped. In such combs, we see
uncapped cells among the perfectly
capped brood, these uncapped cells
contain white and brownish nymphs
which had died two days after being
capped. This can be seen plainly on

the pointed head. Such a colony, which
has uncapped foul brood cells, suffers
from the harmless stage. If the bees
notice the foul brood, they gnaw the
hirvae, nymphs and cappings, but can
not resolve to clean the cells. If, how-
ever, better weather and food sets in,
they often awake to new life; they
clean the cells and by so doing de-
stroy the harmless foul brood. The
same result may also be obtained by
artificial means. If such a colony,
where there is no flow of honey, be
daily supplied with prepared honey
pollen, at the same time placing a
piece of blotting paper, on which from
40 to 50 drops of Ajowan oil, rosemary
oil, melissen oil, or anis oil had been
poured, on the bottom board of the
hive you will be astonished at the
stimulating effect the oil will have
upon the colony, how it will bring out
new life and how the colony will re-
commence to clean up and cast out the
dead larvae and nymphs. It occurs
that a colony becomes affected with
the harmless foul brood and is again
cured without the owner noticing it.

On longer duration of the disease it
becomes more and more contagious,
the number of dead larvae and nymphs
grow together with the depression of
the colony. The bees no longer un-
cap the cells, but leave the most un-
touched, they bite a small hole in
the capping and then the dead nymphs
begin to putrefy and transform into
the well known bad-smelling brood
mass. This is the dangerous stage of
foul brood. It now declines from step
to step. But even this dangerous stage
is not always so bad, but that the
colony may become re-encouraged if
fed for some time or treated with the
above mentioned remedy. There are
several cases known, that affected colo-
nies were cured by a honey flow. In
such cases in which the colony was
treated with stimulating food and
etheric oil. without the desired effects
having been obtained a better queen
mnst be substituted for the old one.
Disinfecting and changing the hives
is only necessary, when the malady
has developed to a high degree.

Whosoever treats his colony careful-
ly and takes care that his colonies are
supplied with good and plentiful food,
fresh blood, good ventilation, and good
queens, will be safe from the bad or
dangerous stage of foul brood. If foul

28

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

brood ever aj^pears, the careful bee-
keeper will surely cure It in the de-
scribed maimer, he will constantly
watch his brood and if he notices any
gnawed cells, he will attend to them
at once, so that the evil does not gain
the upper stage. Last summer, after
the honey flow was over, I had the
opportunity to witness a party using
the McEvoy treatment. For a while
we thought that it had cured, but after
some time the sickness reappeared, al-
though the treatment had been care-
fully performed. But as only sugar
syrnp was fed. the energetic, a<•ti^■e,
ambitious spirit of the bees Ava.s miss-
ing. This I also noticed, when formal-
dehyde fumigation was used exclusive-
ly. This leads me to the conc^lusion
that if healthy honey and pollen in
oils had been used the cure would have
been perfect. There always will be
bee-keepers who will not take proper
care of their bees. For such, a foul
brood law, compelling them to disin-
fect hives and colonies is necessary.

The prevention of disease and the
natural care of colonies are the main
thing, but not the destruction and the
curing of the malady. The enemy is
only to be kept out of the apiary by
natural ways. Keep them so, that
when spring reappears and revives all
nature, your bees awake from their
slumbers strong and healthy, not weak,
perhaps so weak they are beyond re-
covery.
Cincinnati. Ohio, .Tan. 16, 1904.
•*-t~^

BEES AND ANTS.

Some of the Obstacles with Which the Fbrrda Bee

Keeper Has to Contend.

By C. S. Harris.

A FRIEND a few miles distant re-
cently wrote me that on visit-
ing an out-yard a day or two
before he had found it in an uproar,
with a big (-luster of bees about five
hives in different parts of the yard,
three of which had been cleaned out
by the robbers. He thought ants were
at the botloni of the trouble, which was
■very likely the case, as they had begun
ito show themselves in my apiary, al-
tibbough a month earlier than I usually
have trouble with them.

We' have many branches of the ant
family hei-e, but only two of them I
find especially troublesome in the api-

ary, one being a small black ant that
nests about the hives and is, I .some-
times think, more annoying to the apia-
rist than to the bees, as they crawl
upon the person and inflict their sharp
stinging bites while he is engaged
about the hives. They will occasion-
ally over-run and destroy a very weak
nucleus.

The other, and only one to be feared,
is a large red ant, the workers of which
are about three-eights of an inch in
length, while the soldier ants are often
a half-inch long, and provided with
strong, sharp jaws capable of cutting
even the human skin. These ants are
great foragers and will travel long dis-
tances for food. While they will eat
honey and other sweets, they seeni
particularly fond of meat diet, and at-
tack the bt^es in order to feast upon the
brood. They work only at night as
a rule. They are very round-a-bout in
their attacks at times, passing a long
row of hives to select one farthest from
their nest: sometimes going up one
tree and down another many feet from
their starting point, making it diiflcult
to line them home, which is the best
way to deal Avith them.

They nest in rotten stumps and
roots, or trash of any kind and some-
times, though I think not often, in the
open ground. They frequently have a
series of colonies radiating from the
old nest and these various colonies
seem to live in harmony and unite in
securing food supplies.

The queen is about the size of the
soldier ants or jierhaps a trifle larger,
^vith a more tapering abdomen. The
(lueens and drones, or male ants, are
provided with wings, which are either
shed naturally or bitten off by the
v.-orkers after the mating period.

I have tried various poisons upon
tliem, giving it on finely-chopped meat
or drone brood, and I think that Faris
green is effectual, if you can get them
to take the n)eat which for some rea-
son they sometimes refuse to do. They
will usually take any of the phospho-
rus i>rei>aratioiis just as they come
from the can or bottle, but while it
seems to reduce their numbers, it does
not appear to destroy the colony en-
tirely. The oidy sure way is to line
them to their nests at night by the
light of a good lantern or bicycle lamp
and then kill them by burning, or the
use of bi-sulphide of carbon.

30

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEl'ER

February

Tbeir manner of attack upon the
bees is peculiar and most effective.
They first capture tlie guards and then,
entering the hive, bite a wing from any
bee that opposes them. The bees so
maimed seem to i-eaUze at once that
their days are numbered and crawl
from the hive to die.

A friend has just reported to me
having Avitnessed the mating of num-
bers of queen ants and drones, which
while resembling in some respects the
connection of queen bees and drones,
differs very materially in others. Al-
though the drone ant survives several
■meetings with queens, his end is only
for a little time delayed for he is not
allowed to return to the nest, the work-
ers driving him away whenever he at-
tempts to enter.

Holly Hill, Fla., Aug. 5th, 1903.

SHALLOW^ OR DEEP FRAMES.

W.

The Man and Management, Nat the Depth of Frame
Alone, Responsible for Results.

By Arthur C. Miller.

W. IMcNEAL seems to be of
the stuff from which eiythusi-
asts are made, and a^such
he is a welcome member of the guild
of beecrofters. His zeal in the advoca-
cy of deep combs has led him into
troubled waters. For evidence in su])-
port of his belief in such frames he has
accepted without questioning several
fallacies. Let us consider them.

But first I Avould call attention to
possible differences in climate between
Wheelersburg, Ohio, and Providence,
R. I. Wheelersburg is over two de-
grees further south than Providence,
and the climate, as I chance to know,
less .severe than here, so what will suf-
fice the bees here should cerl:ainly do so
there.

Mr. McNeal says "the little shallow
combs do not afford that protection
to the colony so essential to good win-
tering and early breeding." To which
I would say: It depends on the man
who handles them. Under right condi-
tions l)ees will winter in anything
which will keep rain and snow off of
them. I have wintered colonies in un-
protected, sii:gl(»-walled liives only 4"
3-4 inches deep; and I constantly win-
ter most of my bees in two chambers
of 5 1-2 inches depth each. He says:
"The shallow frames are designed ex-

pressly to over-come the protective
habits of the bees in the storage of
honey." Certainly, to overcome that
habit diu'ing the honey flow for man's
especial benefit. And where he has
interfered for his own advantage and
deprived the bees of superior stores of
higli commercial value, he must in his
own interest use his intelligence in
supplying the bees with some less val-
uable food or permit them to retain
for their own use less desirable (to
him) honey gathered at some other
time.

If we use the divisible brood cham-
ber hl\'e we must do so intelligently.
So used it becomes a valuable ally;
abused, it is a two-edged sword.

Mr. ]McNc;!l bases his argument for
deep frames on the assertion that "the
depth of a wholly natural comb ex-
ceeds its width." It all depends on the
shape of the domicile Nature has sup-
plied. I have seen a single comb a
yard wide, and three to four inches
dee]). .lust one comb stretched out
in a long narrow cavity. Nature must
have played a scurvy trick on those
l)ees.

"Bees build downwai'ds far more
readily than sidewise, etc.'' On the
contrary bees build sidewise twice as
fast as downwards and under some
conditions increase that ratio. True, a
small, spherical cluster of bees will
start one comb and build downwards
twice as fast as they build sidewise,
but multiply that cluster by foiu* and
string them along the top bar of a
frame, and we at once have four combs
building. When each coml> has gone
(h)wn two inches, each will have gone
sidewise one inch, and the aggregate
sidewise gi'owth is four inches, which
is twice the downward growth. The-
ory? Not a bit of it. Go to the bees
and study the ways of various sized
clusters in variously shaped domiciles.
Bees clustered in L frames start from
two to five combs and the.v meet and
extended along the whole 17 inches of
the to)) bar before they are within an
inch of the bottom bar at any point.
This is two inches of lateral growth
to one of vertii'al I'or one frame, but
the work is progressing simultaneous-
ly in ten frames and we have an ag-
gregate lateral growth of 170 inches to
S inches vertical, a ratio of 21 to 1. If
Mr. McNeal is going to depend on the
bees for his evidence I fear he will

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

31

have to revise his theories or lose his
case. If he cares to try he can so
build that whole 170 lateral inches of
comb in a straight line and no matter
what the vertical room the downAvard
ration will remain about as above.

I think it will be seen that "shallow
chambered" hives are quite as well
adapted to the bees' natural desires as
are "deep chambered."

Mr. McNeal says "the advocates of
shallow chambers are very reticent
about extreme pi'ecautionary measures
necessary against the inroads of frost
and ice." Again the personal element
enters. If he will treat colonies in his
deep hives the same as they are often
treated in the shallow ones, just as
poor results in wintering will be se-
cured. When we have run a colony
under high pressure for several mouths
it is unreasonable to expect it to be
as good as one which has jogged along.
If, by our manipulations, the queen
has found lots of room for eggs and the
nurses have done their part in supply-
ing stimulating food, she is ere many
weeks ready to slack up work. Tnen
we get a declining colony and by the
time fall arrives it is comparatively
small in numbers and its population is
mostly old bees. Now if a good fall
flow sets in early the colony will re-
cuperate before cold Aveather and go
into winter quarters with a goodly lot
of strong young bees and an abundance
of sound, well-placed stores. But their
keeper is aA'aricious and must have
that honey, so during the fall flow
"high pressure'' is again brought to
bear with the result that when cool
weather arrives, the colony is not in
the best of physical shape and is vir-
tually out of food. Again their discern-
ing master steps in and gives them a
lot of raw food (sugar syrup) to be
converted and stored. The labor in-
volved costs valuable bee life and en-
ergy, at a time when they can ill spare
it and also at a time when the work is
doubly difficult from lack of external
heat.

What is the result? The bees go into
winter quarters half worn out, with
Imperfect food imperfectly placed, and
if they come out in the spring" at all,
it is in poor condition. And the hive
is to blame!

Yes, a deep framed hive does help
protect the bees from an avaricious

master. But wouldn't it be better to
hasten his exit from the craft?

Mr. McNeal seems to think big col-
onies cannot be brought through the
winter in shallow chambered hives.
Also that bees in such hives need dif-
ferent protection than those in deep
hives. Perhaps he can explain why
I have no trouble in wintering bees
either with or without protection
(Chaff packing) with no upward ven-
tilation and in very shallow or deep
hives. Perhaps he can explain why
bees will winter well in a box a foot
cube without a bottom, set on two
blocks and with the cluster hanging
in sight below the combs and within
an inch of the snow and the tempera-
ture frisking but little above zero. The
only ventilation that cofcny had was at
the bottom and there seemed enough
there certainly. The only protection
it had was the half-inch pine box.

I will save him the trouble of guess-
ing.

Given a good queen, an abundance of
healthy, vigorous bees, plenty of stores
given early enough so the bees can
readily "ripen" them and store them
where their instincts dictate, and such
a colony will winter in any old recep-
tacle which will keep snow and rain
off of them and come out in the spring
in the best condition.

A hive is big or small not entirely
by its cubical dimensions but also by
the race or strain of bees housed with-
in it. That which is too big to be
profitable with one strain may be alto-
gether too small with another. Its
shape, however, is a matter merely of
man's convenience.

There are good and bad shallow-
chambered hives and when not proper-
ly constructed (as to bee-spaces, thick-
ness of top and bottom bars, etc.,),
they undoubtedly will make trouble.
But the principle should not be sweep-
ingly condemned on account of illy
made hives.

For Mr. McNeal's comfort let me
say that there are conditions under
which just as good results can be ob-
tained with deep-chambered hives —
perhaps better, from some points of
view. The only way to determine
which hive is best in one's locality is
to test both types side by side, giving
both equally intelligent care.

When in doubt go to the bee and
learn of her. Providence, R. I., Jan. 7.

32

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

THE VALUE OF APICULTURE IN
AMERICA.

By "Swarthmore."

ALTHOUGH there are thousands
of doUars invested in bees in
this country, and even though
hundreds of tons of honey are pro-
duced each yeai", the industry of api-
culture is yet in its infancy.

It is only recently that any serious
thought has been given to organization
with a view to systematic and agres-
sive marketing at a profit.

Even by the crude methods employed
by producers in past years apiculture
has paid large returns from the capital
invested^what wonders can be ex-
pected from o'i'ganized force has been
proven time and time again. Take
for instance the fruit product of Cali-
fornia. There was a time when quite
al.l the luscious fruit of the Paciiic
slope were left to rot on the ground
for the simple reason that organized
effort had not been directed to thor-
ough distribution of the product in
marketable form.

The fruit growers of California or-
ganized and there is now hardly a city,
town or hamlet in the United States
where the fruits of the Pacific slope
cannot be purchased at a reasonable,
pro/fitable figure— all due to thorough
organization and consequent adequate
marketing facilities together with care-
ful packing and selected grades. The
fruit industry under the management
of consolidated interests has redeemed
the State of California.

Honey is largely used in the manu-
facture of many articles of food be-
cause of its wondrous preserving qual-
ities; cakes, for instance, will never
become hard or dry if honey enters
into the mixture; beer is more quickly
fermented and tobacco is better packed
in plugs when honey is used.

Aside from that used in packing
food products and in the preserving of
fruits and confections, there are food
qualities in honey pure and simple
which have l)oen acknowledged the
world over for centuries.

What seems to be most lacking in
the handling of honey is its proper
placing before the consumer in neat,
inexpensive jiackages and the pushing
of sales through judicious advertising.
If such a sweet as corn syrup can be

proifitably moved in this manner sure-
ly honey has a most brilliant future.
Swarthmore, Pa.

Ohio's New Foul Brood BilL

The young bee-keepers' association
recently organized in Hamilton county,
Ohio, has been "stirring up the ani-
mals" in the Buckeye State, and its
latest move in the direction of improv-
ing apicultural conditions in Ohio has
been the drafting of a foul brood bill,
which is now before the Ohio legisla-
ture. We have received a copy of the
bill from Secretary Gilliland, and have
pleasure in presenting the full text
thereof, as follows:

70th General Assembly, Regular Ses-
sion.

Mr. Herrick.
A BILL.
To provide for county inspectors of
apiaries and defining their duties
and providing for their compensa-
tion, for the purpose of curing and
avoiding foul brood, or other dis-
eases, among bees and their hives.

Be it enacted by the General Assem-
bly of the State of Ohio:

Section 1. That, whenever a petition
is presented to the "board of county
commissioners, of any county in the
State of Ohio, signed by three or more
persons, all of whom are residents of
the said county, and possessor of an
apiary or place where bees are kept,
stating that certain apiaries within
said county, are infected with the dis-
ease known as foul brood, or any other
disease, which is injurious to bees
or their larvae, praying that an inspec-
tor be appointed by said board of coun-
ty commissioners, said board of coun-
ty commissioners, shall within five
days, after the presentation of said
petition, appoint a person, as bee in-
spector, who is a resident of said coun-
ty who shall be a skilled bee-keeper,
having thorough knowledge of foul
brood and other diseases injurious to
bees and their larvae and the treat-
ment of same.

Section 2. The person so appointed
shall within five days after his appoint-
ment file with the said board his writ-
ten acceptance of the office, or, in de-
fault thereof, or in case of vacancy,
the board shall in the same manner
make new appointments until the said
office is filled. The inspector shall
hold his office for two years and until

1904

THE AMETiTCA'N BEE-KEEPER

33

his sncressor if? appointed and qnali-
fied, except when upon petition of ten
I)ersoiis, (oacli of wliom is a resident
of said county and jtossessor of an
ai>ijiry). to the hoard of county com-
missioners of said county, may remove
said inspector for cause after a hearing
of petitioners.

Section 3. Any bee-ljeeper, or other
person who shall have cause to believe
that any apiary in his county is affect-
ed with foul brood or other disease,
either in his own apiary or elsewhere,
shall make affidavit statinjr. that on in-
formation or belief, he believes that
certain apiaries, describing the loca-
tion, naming the owner or keejier, is
affected with foul brood or other dis-
ease, and his ground for such belief.
On receiving said affidavit from any
source of the existence, in any apiary
in his county, of the disease known as
foul brood, or any other infectious or
contagious disease of bees, the r-mu'ty
inspector of bees, shall forthwith in-
spect each colony of bees and all hives,
implements and apparatus, honey and
supplies on hand or used in connection
"uith such apiary and distinctly desig-
nate each colony or apiary Avhich is
infected, and notify the owner, or
person in charge of said bees thereof,
in writing or otherwise, and the own-
ers of said bees, or the persons in
charge thereof to practically and in
goo-d faith apply, and thereafter fully
and effectually carry out, to and iipon
such diseased colonies, such treatment
as may have been prescribed by the
said inspector for sucli cases; also
thoroughly disinfect to the satisfaction
of the inspector, all hives, bee-houses,
combs, honey and apparatus that have
been used in connection with any such
diseased colonies; or, at his election,
the said owner or person in charge
of such bees may, within the same
time, utterly and completely destroy
said bees, hives, houses, comb-horses,
honey and apparatus, by first killing
the bees, (by the use of sulphur fumes
when the bees are in the hives for the
night) by fire, or bury the same in the
ground with a covering of not less than
two feet of earth.

Section 4. The county inspector of
bees, shall have the right to enter the
premises of any bee-keeper, where the
bees are liept and inspect such bees,
and any person resisting or refusing
to allow said inspection, by said bee

inspector, shall be guilty of a misde-
meanor, and may be then and there
arrested by said bee inspector or per-
son deputized by him, afid brought be-
fore a .Justice of the Peace and upon
conviction, shall be fined not less than
ten dollars, nor more thiin twenty-five
dollars.

Section .5. After inspecting, working
with, or handling infected hives, or
fixtures, or handling di.seased bees, the
inspector, or other person shall, before
leaving the premises or proceeding to
any other apiary, thorouchly disinfect
his own person and clothing, and shall
see that any assistant or assistants
with him have also thoroughly disin-
fepted their clothing and person.

Section (5. The inspector shall have
full power in his discretion to order
any owner or possessor of bees, dwell-
ing in box-hives in apiaries where the
disease exists (being mere lioxes with-
out frames) to transfer such bees to
movable frame hives within a specified
time, and in default of such transfer,
the same shall become unlawful and
the inspector may destroy, or order for
destruction of such box-hives and the
bees dwelling therein as a public nui-
sance.

Section 7. Should any owner of, or
keeper of, or other person having dis-
eased bees, or their larvae, or of any
affected hives or combs, appliances or
utensils for bee-keeping, sell or barter,
or give away the same, or allow the
same or any part thereof to be moved,
such person shall be guilty of a mis-
demeanor and upon conviction, such
person shall be fined not less than ten
dollars, nor more than tw^enty-five dol-
lars.

Section 8. Should any person, whose
bees have been destroyed or treated for
foul brood, sell, or offer for sale, any
bees, hives or appurtenances of any
kind, after such destruction or treat-
ment, and before being authorized by
the inspector to do so, or should he ex-
pose in his bee-yard or elsewhere, any
infected comb, or other infected thing,
or conceal the fact that such disease
exists among his bees, such person
shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and
upon conviction such person shall be
fined not less than ten dollars, nor
more than twent.v-five dollars.

Section 9. If any owner or keeper
of bees knows of, or after being noti-
fied by the county bee inspector, that

34

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

foul brood or other infectious or con-
tagious disease exists in any of the
hives in the apiaries owned or in
charge of said persons, and shall fail
to comply within ten days from re-
ceiving said knoAvledge and the date
of receiving instructions from the
county inspector, to cure or destroy
the bees or hives, or their appliances,
such person shall be guilty of a mis-
demeanor, and upon conviction thereof,
such person shall be fined not less than
ten dollars, nor more than twenty-five
dollars.

Section 10. When the owner or pos-
sessor of bees, shall disobey the direc-
tions of said bee inspector, in curing or
destroying any diseased bee, honey,
hives or appliances shall become un-
lawful and a public nuisance, and the
said bee inspector shall at once de-
sti-oy said bees, honey, hives or appli-
ances, and may deputize such addition-
al persons as he may find uecessaiy
to effect said destruction.

Section 11. The county inspector
shall make a monthly report in writ-
ing, under oath, to the board of county
commissioners, in which report he
shall state the number of days and
number of hours in the preceding
month spent by him in the actual dis-
charge of his duties, and shall in said
report state the name of the owner
or keeper, and the location of the api-
ary upon which such time was spent
in curing or destroying said bees, to-
gether with an itemized account, shoAV-
ing the dates and amounts, for what
incurred, money spent for any dis-
charge of his duties, and to whom
the same was paid, and for what ser-
vices and considerations such indebt-
edness was incurred, and accompany
said report with the aflfidavits given
him under and in pursuance of Section
3 of this act, and make full and com-
plete report of all he did, and results
of his treatment of any apiary.

Section 12. After the county inspec-
tor of bees in any county shall make
report, as provided in the preceding
section, said county commissioners
shall allow and pay to said county in-
spector of bees two dollars for a full
day and one dollar for each half day,
necessarily and actually employed in
the discharge of his duties under this
act, together with his necessary and
actual expenses while so employed, to

be audited, allowed and paid by the
county officers.

Section 13. This act shall take effect
and be in force from and after its pas-
sage.

^ * »■

THE DICKEL THEORY.

By Henry E. Horn.

ON PAGE 272, December number
American Bee-Keeper, Mr. Adri-
an Getaz reports Mr.Arnt Belief,
of Spain, as insisting that the Dickel
theory is false, on the ground that, if
correct, "laying workers and virgin
queens should produce workers like
regular queens." Mr. Getaz adds, initi-
ating the readers into Dickel's claims,
that the latter's theory po-stulates that
"all eggs laid by the queen are the
same, and that the difference of sex is
due to manipulation (?) of the work-
ers."

Mr. Getaz" statement of Dickel's the-
ory is not incorrect, but insufficient,
and, read in connection with Mr. Bel-
let's objections, misleading.

Ferd Dickel. of Darmstadt, teaches
that all eggs laid by a normal, fertil-
ized queen are fecundated eggs, that
they become impregnated by the male
spermatozoa at the moment they pass
down through the oviduct into the cell
— all alike, without exception, and that
the difference of sex in the later on
hatching insect is due to the actions
of the nurse bees;, be it, that the only
just attached sperm-fibre of the egg
is either removed altogether or neutral-
ized by some particular gland secretion
of the nurses, or be it, that the quality
and quantity of food given to the lar-
vae in earliest stages determines the
change. Certain it is that sex-differen-
tiation rests with them.

In contradiction, Dr. Dzierzon, who,
as is so well known, holds that the
queen immediately before depositing
the egg determines at will whether it
shall hatch worker or drone. F. Dickel
furnishes the following proof-data to
the bee-keeper: During the ^summer
supply yourself with a full set of
■drone-comb. In the early fall shake
or brush your selected colony, queen
and all, into this drone-comb hive, af-
terwards feed up for winter, any way
suitable. In the spring after brood
raising has well started (bees will read-
ily raise workers in these drone-combs)

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

35

but before drones are raised normally,
remove the queen, and in the course
of time this colony will show queen-
cells, worker-brood and ronnd-cai)ped
drones.

Someone has said that the female
is Nature's darling, for in the repro-
tlnction of the forms of animal life
abundance and richness of food sup-
plied in earliest stages favors the pro-
duction of females, while the contrary
treatment favors the production of
males a principle with which, accord-
ing to Dickel. the as yet thickly-veiled
life within the bee hive is in entire
accorvl.

For the practical 1)ee-keeper the im-
portance of Dickers theory lies per-
haps mainly in the fact that true and
absolute in-breeding becomes an easy
possibility, no matter by what ,stock
one may be surrounded, or how large
and varied one's own apiary may be.
Other things being equal good honey
crops depend principally on good
queens and pretty nearly every bee-
keeper would be able to double his crop
if all his queens came up to his best.

Riverside, Cal., Dec. 18, 1903.

The National Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation.

Chicago, 111., Dec. 31, 1903.
To W. F. Marks, Chairman Board of

Directors N. B.-K. A.:

We the committee selected to count
the ballots cast at the annual election
for General ^Manager and three Direc-
tors of the National Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation, also on Amendments to its
Constitution, have duly counted the
same, and report as follows:

Total number of A'otes cast, 552;
necessary to elect, 277.

Result of the Ballot.

For General Manager. — N. E.
France, 518; George W. York, 8; Em-
erson T. Abbott, 5; W. L. Coggshall,
4; Dr. C. C. Miller, 2; and the follow-
ing 1 each: C. A. Hatch, O. L.
HershLser, J. F. Mclntyre, E. S. Love-
sy. Louis Scholl and W. Z. Hutchinson.

For Directors.— R. C. Aikin. 444; P.
H. Elwood, 404; Wm. McEvoy, 268; E.
R.Root, 195; George W. York,"20; Prof,
A. J. Cook, 19; Emerson T. Abbott, 19;
W. D. Coggshall, 10; G. M. Doolittle, 9;
J. F. Mclntyre, 9; Wm. Rohrig, 9; E.
S. Lovesy, 8; H. H. Hyde, 7; H. C.
Morehouse, 6; Dr. C. C. Miller, G; D.
W. Working, 5; Frank Benton, 4; N,

E. France, 4; M. A. Gill, 4; C. H. W.
Weber, 4; Frank Rauchfuss. 4; C. P.
Dadant, 3; L. Stacholhausen, 3; O. L.
Hershiser, 3; W. Z. Hutchinson, 3; M.
H. Mendleson, 3; W. O. Victor, 3; the
following, 2 each: .T. J. Cosby, .T. T.
Calvert, Fred W. Muth, W. F. Marks,
A. C. .Miller, F. Wilcox, Chalon Fowls,

F. E. Brown. J. A. Stone, J. T.. Strong,
W. S. Ponder, J. T. Moore, W. A. Sel-
ser. .T. E. Crane, ,.T. B. Rick: and the
following 1 each: John Rick, J. H.
Hunter, Wm. StoUey, J. W. Johnson,
W. Z. Hutchinson, Ude Toepiierwein,
Arthur Stanley, Harry McCombe, C. A.
Hatch. G. W. Brodbeck. J. P. West. H.
W. Coley. Mrs. H. C. Acklin. Mrs. N.
L. Stow. W. J. Craig, J. S. Bruce. E.
E. Hasty, C. M. ^Morris, E. C Atkin, J.
M. Hambaugh, Huber Root, E. B. Tyr-
rel, N. L. Stevens, W. D. Wright, J. A.
Green, F. F. Jansen, J. Q. Smith. Gus
Dittmer, J. E. Chambers, J. E. Hether-
ington, H. G. Quirin, K. H. Keeler. I.
J. Stringham, F. Greiner, J. C. Harris,

N. C. Acklin, Wm. Russell, Frank
Moeser. A. B. Mullen. Chas. W. Yoight,
John Torens. F. O. Hallisbury. J. M.
Jenkins. R. B. Herron. H. E. Wilder. S.
C. Ferguson, W. A. Hlckox. A. A.
French, J. F. Flory, Wm. Couse, M.
V. Facey, M. Hart, J. W. Ferree, Hen-
ry Alley, J. C. Corey, J. C. Morrison,
Geo. E. Hilton. John Myers, Chas.
Stewart, C. P. Gillette, Edwin Bevins,
N. B. West, and C. H. Pierce.

For amendments, 491; against
amendments, 10.

(Signed) George W. York.

Secretary.
C. C. Miller. Dir.

Whereas. N. E. France, having re-
ceived "a majority vote of the mem-
bers voting,'' for General INIanaTer, is
elected General INIanager of the Nation-
al Bee-Keepers' Association.

R. C. Aikin and P. H. Elwood. hav-
ing received "a ma.iority vote of the
members voting," for Directors, are
elected Directors to succeed them-
selves. No one having received "a ma-
jority vote of the members voting." for
a Director to succeed E. R. Root, B.
R. Root will hold over as provided in
the Constitution under which this elec-
tion was held.

The Amendments to the Constitu-
tion, having received "a majoritv vote
of the members voting," are adopted.
W. F. IMarks,

Chm. Bd. of Directors N. B.-K. A.

36

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

HARDSCRABBLE LETTER.

Dear Brother Hill: I've just been a-
lookiii' over the January Bee-Keeper.
Don't look nateral; what's happened?
Hully gee! If that little Miller ever
gets after McNeal you'll see fireworks;
why Mac is just a-tranipin' all over his
preserves. Listen. — "How beautifully
perfect and the combs built under the
guidance of a home-loving queen in the
bloom of her youth!" Whoop! John
Hewitt is fixing trouble for himself
just about as fast as the law will al-
low him. Hear this. — "I see a lot of
silly stuff about rearing queens. The
so-called Doolittle system of making
artificial cells and putting in royal food
being about the favorite. All that
Doolittle discovered (?) will be found
in Huber's book published over 100
years ago." Poor Doolittle. But say
it is kind of ruff to take away the only
thing left of his system that had been
allowed as his own. Moral: Don't
"bori-ow." Hewitt is 'bout like the
rest of us; his baby is the only one
wuth a farthing. And like we-uns —
or like some of us — he speaks loosely,
calls using larvae two days old, rear-
ing queens from the egg. Its gol-
durne strange how blamed hard it is
to say things exact when it spoils our
story.

"Beeswax" D — D — Alley soars on
lacy wings to realms of fancy on the
uses of the sticky yaller gum of the
festive bee. Huh! Why the whole
world's output wouldn't go quarter
round for the work he's laid out for it.
He's got another guess a-comin'. But
it does enter into the arts pretty well,
tho' the cheaper mineral waxes have
crowded it out of most places.

Bees in a green house for producin'
colic, which is to say cucumbers.
Ruther interesting is that account by
Reeve. If 'twant for the cold I'd like
to go see some of them greeneries, but
as 'tis I'll stay where I'm comfortable.

Bee Humbug. Who said a bee wasn't
a hum-l)ug? Bully, the Irishman has
got after Miller. St'boy! Sic him!

"A Milk and Honey Farm" by Her-
ring. What's a herrin' got to do with
a milk farm anyhow?

Jameson tells a nice tale about how
to wire brood frames. I can beat him
all holler. It's DON'T.

A mysterious Act. Nothin' mysteri-

ous about it; the bee is just takin' an
afternoon chaw of tobacco.

"Large Honey Crops." Greiner
comes to Johnson's rescue in swell
shape. Not always swift, is G, but
most always sure and sound.

"Best Honey Gatherers." No best
ones, only some more cussed than
others.

"Artificial Pollen." I wish Harris
would tell us of some ere way to keep
it out of the hives, leastways what
part we don't want.

"Johnson's Say." So he lacked the
coui'age of his convictions, did he.
Didn't sound so, but the human speecn
do be a queer thing.

I like that picture of Old Brash. She
had her suspicions of you when you
snapped that camera.

The Round World and Editorials
seem ruther biled down.

Harry, my boy, will you never learn
discretion? A department for new
apiarian inventions forsooth. Why
b'gosh man ye'U be swamped with
stuff from every scatter-brained chap
in the country; yes, and out of it,
too.

A nephew of mine from Colorado
di'opped in on me a few days ago and
as we talked over climates I was re-
minded of what Eugene Fild said about
that of Colorado.

Yours as ever,

John Hardscrabble.

"What Eugene Field said about that
of Colorado," will be found on the title
page of this number of the Bee-Keeper.
—Editor.

Dartmoor Honey.

From the blossoms of the furze the
bees derive their aromatic honey,
which makes that of Dartmoor
supreme. Yet bee-keeping is a difficul-
ty there, owing to the gales that sweep
the busy insects awa.v, so that they
fail to find their direction home. Only
in sheltered combs can they be kept.
The much-relished Swiss honey is a
manufactured product of glycerine and
pearjuice, but Dartmoor honey is the
sul)h'mated essence of ambrosial
sweetness in taste and savor, drawn
from no other source than the chalices
of the golden furze, and compounded
with no adventitious matter. — S. Bar-
ing Gould. — A Book of Dartmoor.

y.^^^^^.^^.^^^^^^^^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦»

THE

Bee = Keeping World

•♦♦♦♦♦ »-M-^

GERMANY.

The reply jjiven in Pvaxisdei* Bzcht.
as to how best to treat after-swarms
strikes me quite favorably. It says:
It is advisable to give them full combs;
if such are not at hand give frames
completely filled with foundation.
Then have no brood to take care of
for some time and are particularly in
good shape to store honey. The drawn
combs given them places the colony
in the best possible shape for storing.

The same paper reports of an un-
capping machine exhibited at a bee-
keepers" meeting in Alsass-Lovain.
The machine was operated and uncap-
ped a comb in a minute on both sides.
The inventor, Ollinger, was urged to
Lave his invention patented.

Ruberoid for covering bee-houses and
hives is recommended in 111. Deutsche
B7tg. The claim is made that repair-
ing is not necessary. It is odorless
and weax's well.

Professor Bachmetjew, and before
him Professor Koschewnikow have as-
certained that there is a slight differ-
ence in drones originating from a nor-
mal queen and such as originated from
unfertile queen and workers. The dues-
tion is, however, not fully proven
whether or not drones of latter origin
are virile.

Editor Reidenbach (Thai/,. Bztir.)
prefers to take the renewal of queens
into his own hands. He prefers
swarming cells from his most produc-
tive swarms. He allows these colo-
nies to swarm, and when the first
after-swarm issues he ciits out all cells,
cages them and the emerged queen
in separate cages. With the bees of
the after-swarm and those of the
prime swarm he stocks up as many
nucleus hives as he has queens and

cells, giving each a brood-comb and
queen or cell; the hives are placed as
far from each other as convenient, and
the entrances are close with grass.
At night of the same day or next
morning early he opens these up. To
prevent iidireeding he thinks it of ad-
vantage to take these nuclei to out-
yards. In a discussion of the bee-
keepers at Kleinbockenheim conven-
tion, it was pointed out that when con-
stantly breeding in the above manner a
swarming race of bees might result,
and it was the general opinion that by
using post-constructed cells over very
young larva a better non-swarming
race might be produced. However, it
was conceded that greater care should
be exercised in thus rearing queens.

As coming from Germany, very sin-
gular advice is given in Imkerschule,
by Weggandt., as follows: In hnndling
bees I want to caution the bee-keepers
as to the use of the tobacco pipe or
cigar. G. M. Doolittle, the celebrated
American bee-keeper, calculates that
frequent use of tobacco among the
bees costs the bee-keeper about 25 per
cent, of his honey.

It is reported by two German bee-
keepers, one an editor of a bee-journal,
that they have observed drones work-
ing on Phacelia and other blossoms.
One drone was caught in the act and
showed pollen packed on the legs. I
omit the names of the observers to
deliver them from an undue amount of
correspondence of prosjiective purchas-
ers of new strains of bees.

It is estimated in Centralblatt that
there are 3.000 colonies of wild bees
occupying trees, cavities, etc., in North
America. The reporter, continuing,
sa.vs that it is still one of the privileges
and pleasures of farmers in America
to hunt these bees and appropriate the
honey they have stored. (The latter is

38

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

correct; about the correctness of the
former I entertain .some doubts, i. e.,
I think the number of wild bees is
much greater).

The Dickel theory ought by this time
to be dead for good. A few months
ago Professor Fleischmann, after some
extensive investigations, declared it
false. Lately Professor Weissmann
and his helpers after Studying the mat-
ter during the last three years, have
arrived at the same conclusion.

Some vears ago Professor Joseph
Langer undertook a thorough study of
the venom of the bee. Up to that
time it was generally thought that the
formic acid contained in it, though a
number of able men did think that it
must be an alkaloid, but nothing had
been proven. Dr. Langer in the four
years during which he experimented
used about 120,000 bees to obtain the
venom desired. The experiments were
made on men and beasts, chiefly rab-
bits. Sometimes with the bee-stings,
sometimes by introducing the venom
under the skin with a syringe. The
formic acid has a slight eft'eet, as was
proven by using it directly instead of
venom. A poisonous substance, of the
class called by chemists, alcaloids, is
really the active principle of the bee-
venom.

Other scientists have lately added to
Dr. Langer's researches. The bee-ven-
om does not proceed out of a single
gland, but from several, so minute that
they are almost impossible to separate.
The one producing the alcaloid is ex-
tremely small and had so far escaped
observation.

Among the 164 bee-keepers exam-
ined, 11 were not hurt much when
stung, 12G became used to the stings,
that is, became immune, and 21 did not
become immune. Among the HH, 2S
were at the beginning, exceedingly
sensible and subject to seriois sickness
when badly stung.

As to the remedies, the only really
useful are the permanganate of potash
and chloroform. They should be intro-
duced under the skin at the point
stung, with hypodermic syringe, other-
wise they have but little effect.

It is also stated that the venom of
snakes, wasps, scorpions, etc., Is of the
same nature, so far as the alcaloid or
active principle is concerned.

Aside from the pain and swelling»
the effect— we might say the deadly
effect — is on the nervous system, and,
in cases of snake bite or excessive bee
stinging, the nervous action ceases and
the heart fails altogether. In spite
of all that temperance writers may
have said to tiie contrary, alcohol is
the remedy indicated, as it stimulates
the nervous system and enables it to
counteract the effects of the alcaloid
poison.

It would be interesting to know
whether one immune to bee stings
would be also immune to snake bites,
but nobody seems to have experi-
mented in that direction, undoubtedly
for very good reasons.

SWITZERLAND.

M. Fenoillet is of the opinion that
honey ripens in the hive within five
or six days days. — B. Vater.

A year ago, or about, the bee-keep-
ing world was almost startled by the
supposed discovery of Dr. Lambotte
that the much dreaded foul brood is
nothing more or less than a form of
putrefaction frequently met in Nature,
especially in decayed milk or cream,
wet bread and potatoes. In a word
that foul brood was produced by the
well-known bacillus mesentericus.

Recently two articles have appeared
in the Revue Internationale showing
that Dr. Lambotte was mistaken, and
that the bacillus mesentericus produc-
ing putrefaction and the bacillus alvei
which produces foul brood are two dis-
tinct beings, though so near alike in
every respect that they cannot be dis-
tinquished except by exceptionally del-
icate means of investigation.

One of these articles is by Professor
F. C. Harrison, of Guelph, (Ontario),
and the other by Mr. Th. W. Cowan,
the editor of the British Bee Journal.
Both are well known and undoubtedly
competent to handle the question.
Their articles are too long to take place
here. Those of the readers of this pa-
per who Avould like to know more
about Dr. Lambotte's ideas will find
them explained in the January, 190S
number of this paper.

ITALY.

Mention is made in L'Apicoltore of

two wasp nests found Infected with

foul brood. If wasps, bumblebees,

wild bees of all sorts and perhaps other

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

39

insects are liable to take the disease,

we may understand why it is so diflli-
cult to get rid of it in certain localities.
Mr. Baucbenfels, the editor of L'-
Apicoltore, does- not think that bees
can carry their eggs. He says if it
were so, when they are queenless, they
would build queen cells and transfer
some eggs to them rather than build
around the egg, tearing down the ad-
jacent cells. The same says that dur-
ing the spring of the year, it is the
brood that gives off most of the vapor
expelled. When using hives with a
glass window, the amount of water
condensed upon the glass is almost in
proportion to the amount of brood
raised.

1900, viz., 93 1-2 pounds per hive. (Aver-
age summer count.) I still hope to
do better, as I have started an out-
apiary, (see photo), in which I am
using the Bolton hive. This hive Las
a devisible brood chamber, and the
bodies, which are the same size as
your "Ideal super," permit of inver-
sion. Unlike the Heddon hive it is
fitted with hanging frames.

I should like to know something
about Mr. H. J. Shrock's hive protec-
tor mentioned in the September num-
ber of The American Bee-Keeper (page
215), but not described there, if it will
not inconvenience you.

Yours sincerely,

N. E. Loane.

^^me^ftt^-n

^e*"^

MR. LOANE'S APIARY IN TASMANIA.

TASMANIA.

Kindred, Tasmania, Nov. 17, 1903.

Editor American Bee- Keeper: It was
with great pleasure that I read your
well-informed paper for September.
The bee-keeping industry is not carried
on extensively in our little island state,
though it can, I feel sure, be made to
pay well. Now that we are in the
commonwealth, we have to compete
with the continental states, where big
yields of honey are often recorded.
One bee-keeper in Victoria last season
cleared $4,400.00 from 200 colonies; but
that is unusual. We have no droughts
to contend with here, and have mild
winters. I have kept bees for nine
years, and the best yield I had was in

AUSTRALIA.

Harrison says that one warm night
will accomplish the ripening of nectar.
(The experience of the writer of this
is, that honey is not usually ripe till
sealed. Such honey extracted when
sealed will keep years without mate-
rially deteriorating, while honey ex-
tracted when unsealed will quite com-
monly turn sour in course of time. We
have just opened several cans of two
and three years ago, which was fully
sealed when extracted, and it is fine.)

ENGLAND.
BienenVater tells of a bee-keeper In
England who fed his bees on sugar
which contained sufficient poison to

40

THE AMERTCAN liEE-KKEPER

February

kill many of the young bees. The su-
gar was said to be imported from Ger-
many.

F. Greiner.

BELGIUM.
In July, 1901, a correspondent found
in one of his colonies two nueeiis.
daughter and mother. lie left both.
The old one was almost hairless, with
the abdomen very small. He often
examined them and found them al-
ways together. Only the young one
was laying. The first of August, 1902.
over a year later, he found them for
the first time separated, the old one
too weak to follow the other. She died
shortly after. (Le Rucher Beige.)

The Rucher Beige has an article (by
M. Leger) concerning winter feediJig,
in which the use of honey is strongly
advocated. But if honey cannot be
had, sugar must be used. He advo-
cates boiling the sugar until it becomes
syrup and add tartaric acid. The boil-
ing and the addition of tartaric acid
have the effect of inverting (chemical-
ly) the sugar, making it thus similar
to the honey itself and more easily di-
gested by the bees. He disapproves
of using vinegar instead of tartaric
acid. Often the vinegar is adulterated.
If pure it has little inverting power.
Several other writers advise adding a
little salt to the syrup.

Adrian Getaz.

Worcester, Mass., Jan. 11, 1904.
Mr. Editor: I presume you have
looked many times among obituary no-
tices for the death of the Worcester
County Bee-Keepers' Associiition.
This society was born April, 1900. It
was not a very strong child and dur-
ing that year it did not accomplish
very much. In 1901 it gained a little,
but in 1902 a decline set in which al-
most finished the weakling. In 1903
its strength M^as renewed, and when
the year closed we found we had had
a full year. No meeting was missed,
and to close up the year we had as

speaker Arthur C. Miller, of Provi-
dence, R. I. Many hnve lieconie ac-
quainted with Mr. :Miller through the
pages of The American Bee-Keeper,
but to hear him speak is a much richer
treat. That Mr. Miller is thoroughly
posted uiion all mntters pertaining to
bees was shown by the answer he gave
to the many questions that were hurled
at him from all sides.

We had a very large attendance, and
it wns "the voice of the multitude"
we have ]\Ir. Miller again.

Our Worcester County Association
now has a membership of 59. We are
endeavoring to work up a list of bee-
keepers of the county, and when this
is completed we hope it will hnve a
tendency to increase our membership.
We had only one outing during 1903,
but that Wiis so enjoyable it will not
be soon forgotten.

Yours truly,

C. R. Russell.

Blnck River. N. Y., .Tan. 8, 1904.

Mr. Editor: We hnve formed a Jef-
ferson County Bee-Keepers' Society
with the following officers:

President, M. C. Harrington, Water-
tOM-n.

1st Vice-President, A. A. French,
Black River.

2nd Vice-President, Pearl Symonds.
Rodman.

Secretary, Geo. B. Howe, Black
River.

Trensurer. D. R. Hardy Watertown.

All bee-keepers are invited to join.
Dues ."fl.OO T)er annum.

Very truly yours,

Geo. B. Howe, Sec.

South Wales, N. Y. Dec. 11, 1903.
Editor Bee-Keeper: My report for
Inst season, with (iO colonies, is as fol-
lows: 4.0S0 pounds white, and 710
pounds dnrk. extracted honey and in-
creased to 98. I distribute every copy
of the Bee-Keeper that comes to me,
among bee-keeping acquaintances.
Respectfully yours.

J. W. Tefft.

I greatly enjoy The American Bee-
Keeper, and think it the equal, if not
superior to the high-priced journals. I
for one, cannot afford to be without it
— L. B. Smith.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

41

At this writing, January 19, an abun-
dance of pollen and some honey are
coming in, in the South Florida apiary,
bearing evidence of the approach of
another honey season, which always
carries to the apiarist a fresh supply of
enthusiasm and good resolutions.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.,

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT FIERCE, FLA-

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We are entering upon the last month
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spring will usher in tlie reason of 1904.
In many instances success will depend
upon the scope and thoroughness of our
plans now formulated. It's a good
time to think, and think seriously.
♦-•-♦

Cuba is ^aid to have, this year, the
first failure of the honey crop within
the history of bee culture upon the is-
land. However, the reports we have
received were issued rather early. It
is possible that more favorable condi-
tions may develop later in the season,
and afford a degree of relief to •the
disappointed multitude of bee-keepers.
♦-•-♦

El Apicultor is a new bee journal
published at Barcelona, Spain, under
the management of Miguel Pons Fa-
bregues. El Apicultor, we believe, is
to succeed El Colmenero Espanol, the
editor of which, D. E. Mercader-Bel-
loch, died on December 9th last, at the
age of 73 years. The new journal
makes a very creditable and promising
start. •-*"*

We are in receipt of a copy of the
annual report of the general manager
of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion for 190.*^. The compilation presents
a resume of the cases handled during
the year — in all, 3.5 — the results bearing
evidenc of the efliciency of organized
efforts in this direction. The list of
members approximates 1,700, and the
treasury balance is $1,115.08.

The American Bee-Keeper is al-
ways in the market to buy for cash,
good articles treating upon apiarian
subjects. Illustrated material is espe-
cially desired, and we should be
pleased to have the privilege of ex-
amining manuscripts from the pens of
our readers at all times.

The Bee-Keeper acknowledges with
thanks the receipt of a number of pho-
tographs from the following subscrib-
ers: Messrs. John M. Hooker, Dr. O.
M. Blanton and N. E. Loane. The col-
lection sent by the former, comprises
nearly 150 interesting subjects, from
the British Isles, and are well executed,
indeed. Those sent by Mr. Loane rep-
resent the scenic beauties of far-off
Tasmania; while Dr. Blanton's contri-
butions are characteristic of our own
country. We deeply appreciate these
evidences of kind regard.

42

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

The Southland Queen, of Texas,
warns its readers that when bulk comb
honey is candied, the market price falls
to the level of extracted quotations,
and advises that this class of honey
should be allowed to remain upon
the hive until orders for delivery are
in. Such being the case, the rosy hue
which appeared upon the face of this
recent departure in honey production
has a tendency to fade into a more
sombre shade; for it is impracticable
to restore bulk comb honey to its
former more desirable condition, and
the thous'ht of marketing the wax con-
tained at about one-sixth its market
value is not pleasant.

The editor desires to say to readers
of The Bee-Keeper that if those who
wish the paper discontinued at the ex-
pimtlon of the time for which it is
paid, will drop us a postal card to that
efPect, their request will have prompt
and careful attention. With the ex-
ception of a few sample copies mailed
to bee-keepers not already subscribers,
we never mail a single copy to anyone
who has not paid in advance or else
hns subscribed for an indefinite pe-
riod. New subscribers are constantly
coming in. and it is our aim to so place
every edition that each copy will fall
into the hands of someone expecting it,
and who has made or will make pay-
ment in advance at his earliest conven-
ience.

Mnst Honey "Take a Back Seat."

Considerable alarm is manifested in
certain quarters at the possible result
of a moInss!Ps advertisement now be-
coming fnmiliar everywhere, which
clnims superiority over honey. "Better
thnn honey for less money," makes a
cntchy hendline that will divert thou-
sands of dollars from the pockets of
honey producers to those whose enter-
prise and business sagacity prompts
them to make such generous use of
magazine space.

This is essentially an age of public-
ity, and business success is markedly
proportionate to the extent and qual-
ity of publicity employed by the pro-
moters of any enterprise. Bee-keepers
have, obviously, failed to appreciate
the possibilities which their business
affords, through united effort in mar-
keting and the utilization of modem

methods as applied to publicity. The
competitor's goods may be unwhole-
some and unpalatable, as compared
with honey, yet his persistent advertis-
ing will take them into thousands of
homes where pure honey is unknown,
and the consumer, by reason of the
wily advertisement, will feel that in
providing such a commodity for house-
hold use he is actually performing a
sacred duty to those for whom he pro-
vides. Thus the consumption goes on,
and the manufacturer continues to
grow wealthy. -<ot because of any
special merit of the commodity, but
because of shrewd advertising.

The bee-keeper's product is unques-
tionably the most wholesome and de-
licious of table sweets. Does he not
recognize in the advertising methods
of the cheap molasses man a lesson
worthy of application to his own busi-
ness?

Since the foregoing was written, The
Bee-Keeper has received a short arti-
cle from "Swarthmore," which is pre-
sented in this number, bearing upon
the same subject. It should be "learned
by heart" by every bee-keeper in the
land who is interested in the profitable
development of our pursuit.

Death of Captain Hetherington.

Capt. J. E. Hetherington, who has
borne the distinction of being the most
extensive bee-keeper in the world, died
at his home in Cherry Valley, New
York, December 31, 1903. This mea-
gre announcement comes from Capt.-
Hetherington's son, Hubert B. Hether-
ington, of Cherry Valley, and The Bee-
Keeper extends to the bereaved family
its sincere condolence. Capt. Hether-
ington would have reached his 64th
birthday on January 7th.

The National Election.

The official report af the December
elections of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association will be fonnJ in this num-
ber of The Bee-Keeper. The popular-
ity of General Manager France is in-
deed strongly attested by the result
of this contest, he having received 518
of the total 552 votes cast.

The widely scattered vote for direc-
tors will, doubtless, tend to revive In-
terest in the matter of formally nom-
inating candidates for this office.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

43

I

A Dread Enemy of the Florida Bee.

In this number of The Bee-Keeper
C. S. Harris tells something of the
large red ant which terrorizes the bees
and annoys the bee-keeper of Florida.
Though we have had considerable to
say in regard to this destroyer in the
past, onr^-eaders may find interest in
the picture also presented in this num-
ber, as it shows a worker bee and fight-
ing ant engaged in mortal combat, tak-
en from life by the editor of The Bee-
Keeper. This nocturnal marauder is
known locally a.s the "bulldog ant,"
and the appellation appears to have
been suitably chosen, as it attacks its
victims with true bulldog visciousness,
savagely biting off wings and legs of
the terrified workers, or crushing be-
tween its powerful jaws any other ex-
tremity with which they come in con-
tact. In the illustration is shown a
conflict in which a portion of the head
and the compound eye of the bee were
mashed and partly torn away.

It is no extraordinary event in the
South Florida apiary to 'find with the
coming of the day a writhing mass of
dismembered bodies of bees, drabbled
in honey, where stood the previous
evening a prosperous nucleus or prom-
ising colony of valuable stock.

^-♦-^ ■

WTiat are "Legitimate Lines of
Work?"
Alfred Atherton, in the American
Bee Journal, says: "When I was pre-
paring my honey for market this fall,
if I could have had some sort of stamp
bearing the letters. 'N. B.-K. A.,' per-
haps it might give the commission
man a little more respect for the rights
of the shipper." Editor York com-
ments upon the suggestion as follows:
"We should very strongly oppose the
use of such a stamp until some sort
of provision is made to prevent frauds
getting into the membership of the
association. I'nless such a stamp
were rigidly safe-guarded, it would be
of no value to any one. The fact is,
the association is not organized for the
purpose of doing all kinds of business.
We think it has enough to do when it
I simply keeps within its legitimate lines
of work."

The indiscriminate issuing of such
stamps to the membership of the Na-
tional Association would, of course,
be imprudent, as suggested by Mr.

York. However, when it comes to de-
fining the "legitimate lines of work"
of the National Association a broader
proposition is involved. According to
its constitution the primary object of
the Association "shall be to promote
the interests of boe-keepers." It would
therefore appear that the scope of work
heretofore undertaken by the associa-
tion might be materially expanded and
yet adhere strictly to constitutional lim-
its.

If the interests of the members
would be "promoted" by the use of a
mark authorized by the Association, is
it not possible that these interests
might be served without jeopardizing
the honor or prestige of the Associa-
tion? Specific requirements could be
formulated by the association, and the
filing of an adequate bond therewith,
would, it would seem, provide the nec-
essarv safeguard.

Such an extension of the associa-
tion's work could be made at slight
expense and, perhaps, greatly to the
advantage of its membership.

Treatment of Fonl Brood.

Some time ago The Bee-Keeper an-
nounced the receipt of an article from
C. H. W. Weber treating very thor-
oughly upon the subject of curing foul
brood^ with formalin gas. Later we
were requested to defer publication of
the article until further instructions.
The following, recently received from
Mr. Weber, will explain the reasons
for delay; while the latest develop-
ments in this line will be found fully
discussed elsewhere in this number:

"When stating last spring that I had
been successful in killing the foul
brood bacillus and spores by fumiga-
tion of formaldehyde, I ft^lt quite sure
of what I claimed, and will bring for-
ward one fact: Mr. H. Shafeer. Presi-
dent of the Hamilton County Bee-
Keepers Association had been troubled
with the disease, had declared himself
willing to furnish me with foul broody
combs to experiment with. He brought
in all the combs of an effected colony.
These I fumigated in a box about 20
feet square, and then took two of the
frames on which the disease was most-
ly developed to the University of Cin-
cinnati, for Dr. Guyer to see whether
he could make the bacillus and spores
grow again. Dr. Guyer made several
tests and pronounced the germ killed.

44

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

February

To be quite sure, and to see whether
the doctor knew what he was talking
about. :SIr. Shaffer brought in one
other diseased foul broody frame, this
one I did not fumigate, and it was cul-
tivated to develop the disease by Dr.
Guyer. After thorough testing the
doctor declared that this last one flour-
ished with living bacillus and spores.
The results of the test by Dr. Guyer
and the ones I had made on colonies
the fall before and upon which at that
time, no signs of the disease could be
noticed, made me express myself as I
did. that fumes of formaldehyde would
kill the foul brood bacillus and spores,
and it to be a sure cure of the disease.
Then later on, when It had become
warm, somebody came in and reported
the disease had shown up again. I
went right along with the party and
I convinced myself he had told the
truth. The next day I went out to H.
Shaffer, and had to learn there that the
disease had shown up again. Some
other cases, which I had treated result-
ed in perfect success, and some not.
The result of the experiment stunned
me. At that time I had no explanation
to offer as to what caused the re-ap-
pearance. Trying to learn, and to find
an explanation, I commenced to hunt
and read a good many discussions in
German papers, and what I learned I
wrote down in the article. It seems to
me that what is in this article clears
up a good many points as to why the
disease so easily reappears."

BEE NOTES.

By H. G. Sammis.

AP'IXE QUEEN for breeding pur-
poses should not be allowed to
expend her force by too much
egg-laying, but should be kept in a
nucleus and only allowed to keep that
up moderately strong.

When hiving swarms on hot days
if the bees cluster on front of the
hive and hesitate to go in, do not hurry
them too much, they are excited and
hot and want plenty of air. Raise up
the front of the hive an inch or two
and shade them with a board, and
when they get cooled off they will go
in all right. Always make it comfort-
able for swarms; it is the only
holiday they take in the whole year.
In this locality the linden or basswood

honey flow comes to an end about July
12th. Sumac continues to bloom about
a week longer, after which we have a
honey dearth until about August lOth,
when boneset and goldenrod begin to
yield nectar. Last year during this '
interval of scarcity I left on the hive
some supers which contained sections
in all stages of completion. The re-
sult was the sections were all badly
punctured, the bees carrying the honey
down into the brood nest again, using
it in rearing brood. I mention this
fact for the benefit of those who may
be similarly situated, and I advise that
all sections be taken off the hives after
the summer honey flow has ended, and
all partly filled ones be replaced in
time to catch the fall flow, providing,
of course, you are fortunate enough
to have one. After one has produced
a case of nice, fancy grade honey it
is important to know how to take it
from the hive and not have the bees
puncture the nice white cappings,
which is often done, and the honey is
then rated as second-grade. AYhen
ready to take off honey, approach the
hive and with the smoker well going,
send in a few puffs of smoke at the
entrance, then raise the back end of
the super and puff in a little more
smoke very gently. Do not frighten
the bees by rough handling or jarring
the hive in any way, for then they will
run to the boxes and puncture the cap-
pings and fill themselves with honey.
Aftrr raising the super about siK in lies
on the back end with one hand, slip
the bee escape under it with the other
hand and adjust everything in its
place. The bees will all make their
exit through the escape in the board
one by one, and your super will be
ready to come off the next day. It is
best to put on escapes towards evening,
so the bees in the super will not be too
hot. Now if you have been judicious
and expeditious in all your manipula-
tions you may carry off your super of
nice comb honey the next morning
without a puncture or a scratch.

The cheapest and best way to pro-
tect the bees in winter is by using good
chaff hives.

A good way to keep the extra combs
is to hang them in a rack in a dry-
room.

Centreport, N. Y., Nov. 21, 1903. ,

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

WASHINGTON GRADING RULES
Fniicv AH set-lions to be w. 11 filled, combs
str»ii;h't of even thickness and flruily attached to
nil lour sides; both wood and comb unsoiled b\
travel saiu or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex-
cept the row of cells next the wood.

No 1- Allsections well tilled, but combs un-
even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or witl,
but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb un-
soiled bv travel stain on otherwise. , ■« ^
lu uddiiiou to ihisthehoney isto be classified
acconliuK to color, using the terms while, !'™Uer
ami dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white,
"No. 1 dark," etc.

about Ic. less. Especially weak are
those lacking iu flavor and body.
Beeswax steady at 28c. to 30c. — R. A.
Burnett & Co.

HONEY MARKET.

Cincinnati, Jan. 25.— The demand for
honey shows little life at the present |
moment. Have an ample supply, al- 1
though we look for a revival of trade j
in the near future in this country. We [
are selUns amber extracted in barrels,]
at 5 1-4 to (ic. White clover (> 1-2 to j
Sc. accorolin.a- to quality. Fancy comb ;
honey selling slow at 14 to 15c. Bees- 1
wa.x: 'good demand at 30c.— Fred W. j
Muth Co. I

New York, .Tan. S.— The sipply of!
honey is good with limited demand.;
We quote, comb, white, 13 to 14c., j
amber, lie, dark, lOc, extracted, 5 to j
T) l-2c. Beeswax in good demand, with
light supply at 28 to 29c.— Hildreth &
Segelkin.

Boston. Jan. 11.— There is but little
new to note in our honey market.
Stocks are ample and prices as follows:
Fancy white. lOc, A No. 1, 15c., No. 1,
14c., extracted, G to Sc, according to
quality.— Blake, Scott & Co.

Cent=a=Word Column.

The rate is uniformly one cent for each
word, each month; no advertisement however
small will be accepted for less than twenty
cents, and must be paid in advance. Count
the words and remit with order accordingly.

FOR. S.^LE — Farms, both large and small;
also, houses and lots, everywhere. Send for
free bulletins. W. H. Burke, Cliftoa
Springs. N. Y. 1-3

U'ANTKI) — To exchange six-month trial tub-
scription to The American fSee- Keeper for M
cents m postage stamps. Address, Lice-Keeper,
Falconer, N. Y.

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr. Camera Cora-
plete. L'se.'* both film and plates. Cost $9.04,
will sell with leather case for $3.50 cash. Ad
drcs'; I'.mpire \Va>her Co.. Falconer. N. Y.

A TA.NDKM HICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost $150, in first-class condition, was built
to order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. C'layborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview ave.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

AGEXTS WANTED to sell advertising novel-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for cata-
logue and terms. American Manufacturing
Concern, Jamestown, N Y.

"W c have an awful appetite for order*."

THE W. T FALCONER MFG., CO..

r.ee keepers' Supplies Jamestown, N. Y.

Send us your name and address for m eat-
logue.

The more you advertise your busi-
ness the more business you will have
to ndvcrtisf'.— Printers Ink.

Kansas City, Mo., .Tan. 9,-The de- THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

mand for comb honey is fair. Demand
for extracted, light. We quote, $2.25
to .$2.no per case of 24 sections. E.x-j
trafted f! to 7 l-2c. per pound. Bees-j
Avax is in good demand at 25 to 28c.
We do not look for much improvement
in i)rices before February, if then. —
C. C. Clemons & Co.

Chicago, Jan. 8.— The new year
opens with a quiet trade in honey, re-
tailers usually having a supply from
the stock laid in to make a good show
at the holiday trade. Prices are with-
out essential change in No. 1 to fancy
comb, which brings about 13c. Very
little doing in off grades at from one
to three cents less. Extracted white
grades bring from 6c. to 7c., according
to flavor and other qualities; amWrs

10c a year. Largest.Briqhtest and Finest Illustrated
M^aaz'ne in the World for 10c a year, to Intro-
duce it only.
It is bright and up-to-date. Tells
all about Southern Home Life. It is
full of fine engravings of grand scen-
ery, buildings and famous people.
Send at once. 10c. a year postpaid
anywhere in the U. S., Canada and
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of 6
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a club.
Money back if not delighted. Stamps
taken Cut this out. Send today.
THE DIXIE HOME,
[ Birmingham, Ala.

! When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

The subscription price of the ROCKY
\|(.IKTAIN BEE JOURNAL is 60 cenU.
W> will send it with THE BEE-KEEPER
.ne Tear (or only 7S cents.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO.
1 Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

GEO. J. VANDE VORD, DAYTONA, FLA.
Breeds choice Italian queens earlv. All
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfaction
guaranteed.

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^^' (Cor Central and Freeman Aves.) Golden
yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred
from select motliersin separate apiaries.

THE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY, BEE-
I VILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Carniolan,
Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded Italian
queens. Write for our low prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed..

TOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.. sends
^ out the choicest 3-banded and golden Italian
queens that skill and experience can produce.
Satisfaction guaranteed. No disease.

I B. CHASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has fine
J • golden Italian queens early and late. Work-
ers little inclined to swarm, ami cap their honey
very white. Hundreds of his old customers stick
to him year after year. Circular free.

CWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTHMORE,
'-' PA. Our bees and queens are the brighest
Italian.s procurable. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Correspondence in English, French, German and
Spanish. Shipments to all parts of the world.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
• Superior stock queens, 51.50 each; queen
and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for only J2. 00.

ME.W CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO., (John
i> W. Pharr, Prop.) BERCLAIR, TEXAS, is
breeding line golden and 3-banded Italian and
Carniolan queens. Prices are low. Please write
for special information desired.

pUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
* carded after trial of these wonderful bees
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, Eng. 4

fj\ 6oRE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

MAPS.

A vest pocket Map of your State.
New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, ia seven colors, all
railroads, postofifices — • and inan\
towns not given in the postal guide
— rivers, lakes and mountains, with
index and population of counties,
cities and towns. Census — it gives
all official returns. We will send
you postpaid any state map you
wish for

20 cents (sHver)

JOHN W. HANN, |
gn Wauneta, Neb

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly,

^ Sample Free.

MS" All about Bees and their

profitable care. Best writers.

Oldest beepaper; illustrated.

Departments for beginners

and for women bee-keepers.

Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago,Ili,.

CLUBBING LIST.

We will send The American Bec-
Keeper with the —

Price Both
Rocky Mountain Bee Jour-
nal $ .50 $ .75

What to Eeat l.OO 1.00

Bee-Keepers' Review 1.00 1.35

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00 1.35

Gleanings in Bee Culture. . 1.00 1.35,

American Queen 50 .60

The American Boy 1.00 1.00

Irish Bee Journal 36 .65

Poultry News 25 5a

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRIGULTIRAL MONTH-
LY rN THE INITED STATES JtJtJtj^Jt^^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM UND HAUS

6 tf. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-SulpDur Water aud .\[ud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, Skin and
Blood Diseases. Constlpatioo, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, l^lectric Lights, Hot aud Cold Water
on each floor. Rates including Room, Board.
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Wtiter Baths and
Medio Atteiid.nce (uo extras) $2.50 aud
$3.00 a day, according to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buy-
ing land before seeing a copy of
THE FARM AND irEAL ESTATE
JOURNAL. It contQins the large«t
list of lands for sale of any paper
published in Iowa. Rerches 30,-
000 readers each issue, and is one
of the best advertising mediums to
reach the farmers and the Home-
Seekers that you can advertise in.
For 75c we will mail you the Jour-
nal for 1 yeer, or for ten cents in
silver or ertamps we will send you
the Journal 2 months on trial.
Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,
TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading
V a r ieties

wnie lor prices and terns.
MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Hesdquarters for Bee-Supplies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are
the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest pricis.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Camiolan Queens-, for
prices refer to my catalog.

C. H. V^. V^EBER,

OfBce and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manutacturera Americana

oirccc lus mas reducidos precios en to-
da clase dc arliculos para Apicultorcs
Nucbira Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandcs y mas antiguas de America.
Espccialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadorcs
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. in
ventorcs y perfeccionadores de mucho?
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo solicitcn. Dirija-

nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

REMEMBER

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"^ Of all offers in the line of bee literauue, uus ^^
"♦•caps tlie eliinix;. Please tell your friends _^^
"^ wtiat we are offering. Send all subscriptions ^

to the Falconer, N. Y., office.

A BATH

IS a
luiuc*'

PNIPIRE ,
" Portable

taken in an

Folding BATH TUB

Used in any room.
AoEN'Ts Wanted.
Catalogue Free.
^Ths^ empire
)NASHER CO.,
Jamestown,N.Y.

FIGHTING ROOSTER

Mystify and amuse your
f rieiids, These are two gen-
xiine game roosters with
J-eathers. they fight to a
finish, and are always ready
to fight. The secret of their
movements is only known to
the operator. Will last a life- <J(
time. IHc per pair, 3 for 25c,
postpaid. Address

ZBNO SUPPLY CO.,

Box J.,

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

The Kecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher,

Tl\e only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interestea, aon't fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

R. J. FINLEY,

^^ MACON , MO.

^m

To Subucrlber* of
rHE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
I Journal

to any address in the U. S. A., one
year for 10 cents, prorldlne you
mention American Bee-Keei>er.
I The Country .Journal treats Ott
' Farm. Orchard and (Jarden. Poul-
:try and Fashion. It's the beat pjl-
\>er printed for the price.
; A'i'lrcss.

! The Country Journal,

AUentown, Pa.

2tf

POULTRY NEWS.

25 Cts. A Year. Ad. rate 70c. An Inch
Circulation 10,000 Monthly.

Bee Department in charge of W. W.
Fowler, of Ardsley, N. Y.

NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

■"~~"™""~~~"^~'~"— " MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, - KENTUCKY.

in

ATHENS, GA,

Subscription,

50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

ATENTS

Trade Marks
Designs
, , , , Copyrights Ac.

Anvone sending a slcetrb and description may
oulckly ascertain our opinion free whetcer an
invention is probably patentable. Communica^
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on PatenU
sent tree. Oldest aRcncy for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

clentlfic Jltnerkan.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific Journa . Terms, f3 a
year ; four months, *!. Sold ty all newsdealers.

MUNN &Co.3«^«^°»''*'»^' New York

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, X>. C.

National Beei-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its menibers.

Memberghlp Fee, $1.00 ■ Year.

N.e. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

Clubbing Offers^

Here Is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower...... .50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as good, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. J. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper

St. Joseph, Mo.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 29 cents cash or 31 cents
in goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N, Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once.
Prices subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

IJee Suppltes from tiewfs

They are the finest.
THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES,
MILLIONS OF SECTIONS,

Ready for Promnt Shipment.

G. B. LewisCo.^^5^IT?:A.

EASTERN AGENCIES, C M. Scott &
Co., 1004 East Washington St., Indianapolis,
Ind.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO..
Front and Walnut Sts.,
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Catalogtie Free.

tf.

DON'T RELAX YOUR EFFORTS

after spending money for new hives and fixtures, valua-
jle time in the preparation of these for new swarms, leav-
ing other work at a convenient time (for the bees) to hive
Lhem ; and now that a good ci op is ready the next step is
Attractive packages. Our assortment of packages for
:omb honey we beheve vvoukl be difficult to improve upon
for the purpose designed.
The special features of the No-Drip Cases for
comb honey we have advertised for several years are
the Paper Trays and Drip Sticks which provide, for
the collection of leaking honey in trays. Thc^e also
prevent its oozing out at the cracks to gather dust
and dirt and present a very untidy appearance to say
the least. A light frame is now used cl ar around
die glass in front which hides any unsealed cells in
the outer row, and exposes to view only the finished
work in the center. The material is white basswood.
The joints are perfect fitting, the work being done by machine-filed saws.

These No-Drip Cases are made in
12, 16 and 24 lb. sizes for regular 4I in.
sections, as well as intermediate weights
for pkain sections. These are supplied
with 2 and 3 in. glass to meet the de-
mands of bee-keepers. The Danzenba-
kker and Ideal sections are also provided
for with No-Drip Cases, but these are
furnished with 3 in. glass only.

The value of attractive pa<:kages can
not be overestimated, and wide-awake
bee-keepers are beginning to realize
this fact. In cartoons we supply two
kinds, the Dazenbaker and the Fokling: these are furnished for the reg-
ular sizes of sections . Both of these are furnished with special printmg
at a nominal charge.

Our packages for comb honey
would be incomplete without ship-
ping crates for shipping of honey.
This one shown herewith is the
regular package we ship out the
cases in the flat. We can fitrnish
these in the flat for the different
sizes of the section cases at 60c.
each, or $5.00 for ten.

For prices on any of the abave or any other boe-kccpers' supplies address any of our ag-ents, or

MEDINA, OHIO.

•9

Entered at the Postoftice. Fort Pierce, Fla.. as second-class mail matter.

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping- subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

.oAl3

&<

SAllER^SEEDNOVEUIES

SALZER*S NATIONAL OATS.

Yea, taimersoi America, lend me your ears, while I chant I
the merits ot this new Oat Novelty

Editors, Agricultural Writers, Institute Orators, all talk
and write about this new Oat. It yielded in Wis. 156 bu., in
Ohio 187 bu., in Mich, 231 bu., in Mo. 'J55 bu. and In N. D.
310 bu. per acre, during 1903, and in 190-1 you can grow just
as easily 300 bu. per acre of .Salzer's National Oats, aa
we can. Your land is just as good, just as rich and you are
Just as good a farmer as we are. We hope you will try this
Oat in 1904, and then sell same for seed to your neighbora
at a fancy price, next fall.

Macaroni Wheat.

It does well on arid, dry lands, as alsoon rich farm lands,
yielding from 30 to 80 bu. per acre.

Speltz and Hanna Barley.

Greatest cereal food on earth. Yields 4 tons elegant straw
hay and 80 bu. of grain, as rich as corn, oats and wheat
ground together ! Does well everywhere. Hanna Barley
grows on dry, arid lands, yielding 60 bu. per acre.

Salzer's Home Builder Corn.

Positively the biggest eared early corn on earth, yielding
In Ind. 157 bu , Ohio 160 bu., Tenn. 198 bu., Mich. 220 bu.
and 8. D. 276 bu. per acre. It is really a marvelous corn.
Sinks its roots doeply alter moisture and nourishment and
grows like a weed. ^^_^^_^

Bromus Inermis and Alfalfa Clover.

Bromus Inermis is the most prolific grass for permanent
pastures on earth. Yields 7 tons hay per acre. Good on
Band, lime, clay, gravel— yes, on all kinds of soils !

Alfalfa Clover produces more hay and better hay thaa
any Clover known. It is good for 7 tons per acre.

Potatoes 736 bushels per Acre.

The Editor of the Rural New Yorker says, "Salzer's
Earliest I'otato is the earliest outof 58 early sorts tried, and
yields 464 bu. per acre, wliile Salzer's Early Wisconsin
yielded for them 736 bu. per acre. Salzer's Potatoes for
yield challenge the world !"

FOR 10c IN STAMPS

and the name of this paper, we will send you a lot of farm
seed samples, including some of above, together with our
mammoth 140 page illustrated catalog. Send to-day. Jt^^^Bt^^j'/''

w^mMiMWMmmmm.

Bee H i ves
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JAMETSTONA/N, N. Y.

J

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AGR1CUL=
TURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

BEGINNERS.

shoii.d have a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a TO page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written ei-
peciar.y for amateurs. Second edition just ou'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
Editor Yuik says: "It is the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 2i cents; bj
mail 28 cents. Th« little book and

Tlie Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal ) on«,
year for ts.^c. Apply to any lirst-class dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., Higginsv^ue, m..

00 YOUR HCN& PAY?
This woman understands
her business, ID Dozen
Eggs at 36c. per dozen
trom 180 hens in
one day.

1-THi-sismfP'ijPE^^

The only Pipe made

that cannot be told '

from a cigar. Holds

a large 'pipe full of

tobacco and lasts for years. Agents" outfit and a 25-cent sample

by mail for lOe., and our Big Bargain Catalog Free. Address,

ZENO SUPPLY CO., IndianapollH, Ind.

PAlENTS

promptly ohtained OE NO FEE. Trade-Marks,

J Cav.-^tsi Copyrights and Labels registered.

I TWENTY YEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.

1 Send model, sketch or photo, for free report

on patentability. All business confidential.

HAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells

How to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions

Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best

1 mechanical movements, and contains 300 other

I aubjects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO. "*'

790 F Street North,

Attorneys
WASHINGTON, D.C.

That^Egg

tells the
story.

Ten Dozen at 36e. per doz. in one day for
Our New Book "Helits for PonUry Kf'
how, explains why so many fall and so f
A Book we can commend with a good e<
a GRE.4T HELP to all Poultry Keepei
old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well i.
and contains a Poultry Keepers Accnui-it .
gainorlossmonthly;onheavy paper worih -
This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one year for
25e. or Book free with pai)f-r .S months for 1 Gc.
Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage.
AVayside I'ouitry to., C'lintonville, Conn.

DON'T KILL

YOURSELF, WASHING the

WAY, BUT BUY AM E M P I R E

WASHER, with which tht
frailest woman can do an or-
dinary wathing in one hour,
without wetting her handn.
Sample atwholetaltprice. Satisfaction C^^lft^anteecl.
Nopau until tried. Write/or Illustrated Catalogv*
anapricea of Wringers, Ironing Tables, Clothes ReeU,
DryingBars, WagonJaekt,<ke. AeentsWanted. Lib-
eral Terms. QuickSalesI Little Workll Big Paylll
AddrtM.Tut EmpikkWashib Co..JamestoTni.N.Y.

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery^

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, whick
Is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford.Ill.

B'&M'eAZfNE

One year free to quickly in-
troduce it. As good aa Harp-
er's, Munsey's, LadiesHome Journal or McClure's.
Send 10 cents to help pay postage. AMERICAN
STOKIES Oept, rt D., Grand Rapids, Mich.

tf.

HOHB V\ORK Sarr's"t"af

week. Enclose stamp. H. D. LEADER CO ^
Grand Rapids, Mich: tf.

W. M. Gcrrish, R. F. D., Eppinj, N. H..
keejjs a complete supply of our goods, mm
Eastern customers will save freight by order*
int of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ^.nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very Jow prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

10c a year. Largest. Brightest and Finest Illustrated
Magazine in the World for lUc a year, to intro-
duce it only.^ ih -.«_ ^fc» ^
It is bright and up-to-date. Tells
all about Southern Home Life. It is
full of fine engravings of grand scen-
ery, buildings and famous people.
Send at once. 10c. a year postpaid
anywhere in the U. S., Canada and
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of (i
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a club.
Money back if not delighted. Stamps
taken. Cut this out. Send today.
THE DIXIE HOME,
Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, meulion the Am. BeeKeeper.

There is bo trade or profession better catered to
vy good journals than that of the farner. Unia-
tellipent BBprogressiveuess has now no excns«.
tf.

Good Adveitisers j

Those who are careful where they |
place their advertising money, use

BARNUM'S

MIDLAND FARMER

which reaches over 30,000 prosperous,
wide-awaks, buying farmers every is-
sue. Regular rate 14 cents per agate
line, but send us a trial order at 10
cents per line ($1.40 per inch each
time), and we will place it where it
will do the most good. Two or more
new subscriptions (sent together). 20
cents per year. Sixteen pages, four
columns to page. Departments cover-
ing every branch of farming and stock-
raising. The little journal that is
"readand re-read by its readers." Bar-
num's Midland Farmer. No. 22 North
Second St., St. Louis, Mo. 7tf

Poultry Success

14th Year, 32 to 64 Pages.

The 2oth Century

POULTRY MAGAZINE,[ ;

Beautifully illustrated, 50 cts. per year.

Greatly improved and enlarged. Shows

readers how to succeed with poultry

SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY oOFFER.

3 years, 60 cts.; 1 year, 25 cts.; 4
months' trial, 10 cts.; stamps ac-
cepted.

SAMPLE COPY FREE.

j Large, Illustrated, Practical Poultry
Book FREE to yearly subscribers.

I Catalogue of poultryi publications*
FREE. Address nearest oftice.

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.,*

Dept. 16.
DesMoines, Iowa, Springfield, Ohio.

BATH

wher EMPIRE

takeoman ^ Portable
Folding BATH

Used in any room.
Agents WA>fTED.
Catalogue Free.
.Twfi EMPIRE
■'washer CO.,
Jamestown,n,y.

American

Journal

16 -p. Weekly.
^—^ — ^ Sample Free,
O" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.

Departments f. r beg-ianera
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,

aBORQB W. YORK & CO.
144 <fe 146 Erie St. Chicago.Ilu

AGENTS Wanted 'washing m

achines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
are cheaper than e^'er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
in fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
subscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

Hi

WE WANT

ETcry reader of the American Bee-K-'oer to
write for a free sample copy •{ the

ROCKY MOJNTAIN BEE JOURNAL

Tells you about Western methods, co-opera
tire honey selling and the great big crops that
hare made the Alfalfa regions famous. Addrew
the publisher,

H. C. MOREHOUSE,

Bouldet' Colo.
tl

SHINE!

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. Y. makes a Shine Cabinet, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber— in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best— and it Is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen, it does away with the rex-
atious searching after these articles which i»
altogether too common. A postal will bring
you details of this and othi r good things.

The Nebraska Farm Journal

A monthly journal devoted to
agricullufal interests. Largest
circulation of any agricultural pa-
per in the west. It circulates in
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa
and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS, prop.
Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy and 64-page catalogue, FREE

6-tf

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest-
ed in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HO:\IESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing the
Industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c.

Address,

THE DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

^/3/S

Special Notice to Bee=keepers ! §

BOSTON I

Money in Bees for You. S

Catalog Price on 9

ROOT^S SUPPLIES ^,

Catalog for the Asking. L

3]

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., ^

[I
6! Boston, Mass. ri

L Up First Flight. I

PROVIDENCE nUEENS
ROYE THEIR IJoALITIES

TO BE

UNEXCELLED

Head your colonies with them.
Use them to invigorate your stocls.
They will increase your profits.
Produced by many years of careful
breeding. A circular will be sent
on request.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,
P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

Put Your Trust in Providence Queens

2G per ceni, Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Made a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lalce Region of South Florida.

20 per cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. Higl
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all cirtus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

Send your business direct to Washington, i
^ saves time, costs less, better service.

) My office close to TT. S. Patent Office. FREE preUmln-
ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent <
Is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS <
ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"
etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers '
receive special notice, without charge, in the J

INVENTIVE ACE;

illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year, J

918 FSt., N. W.

, WASHINGTON, D. Cl

vam%i

If,

Tf 'If, BmGHAM

-*— ■"5 has made aW the im-
' provemoiil:!; in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, uiid()iil)t(-;lly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too larg^, .'<eiit

postpaid, per mail ? 1 £>0

i\(< inch ].1(J

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00

2 ^^ inch 90

r. F.Bingham, ^inch to

Farwell, Mich.

Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

TMn Flat Bottom Fouidatioi

has HO Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.

Circulars and samples free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS,

Sole Manufacturers
Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

I. J. STRINGHAM,

105 Park Place,
NEW YORK .
Furnishes everything a bee-keeper uses. We endeavor to have
our Hne of suppHes include the most practical articles. Full col-
onies of bees. Nuclei colonies and queens in season, Discount
for early orders.
Apiaries. Glen Cove, L. I. Catalog free.

Bee Supplies Exclusively

A complete line of Lewis' fine Bee I Bingham's Original Patent Smokers

supplies. and Knives.

Dadant's Foundation. I Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, etc.

Queen Bees and Nuclei in Season. In fact anytliing needed in the "Bee-
Line," at

FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI

Where prompt service is yours, and freight rates are lowest. Special dis-
count for early orders. Send for cata log.

THE FRED W. MUTH COMPANY

(We're Successors to Nobody, nor Nobody's Successors to Us.)

51 WALNUT STREET CINCINNATI, OHIO

3 an(f 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, lo
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50,- 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descrii)tive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

W. B. VAUGAN,

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

Agent for The W. T. Falconer Mfg.

Go's.

BEE=KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jy-4 Catalogue free.

'^^jh0&^^'iitf''i^^'tj^^<ijjO^^4^4Wij^^^^ktf^C^fe^^

Subscription Agencies.

Subscriptions for the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper may be entered
through any of the following
agents, when more convenient
than remitting to our* offices at
Fort Pierce, Florida, or James-
town, N. Y.:

J. E. Jonhson, Williamsfield,
11.

The Fred W. Muth Company,
51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

T. Phillips, Johnsonville, N. Y.

John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex.

W. O. Victor, Wharton, Texas.

Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell,
Ontario.

G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek,
British Honduras.

Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N.
Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan House,
England.

G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang-
anui, New Zealand.

H. H. Robinson, Independencia
16, Matanzas, Cuba.

®©«50©©O©<^®€9®©f)O©€>OO 0©©00©<

Vol. XIV

MARCH, 1904.

No. s

A NEW YORK APIARY.

An Apiarist Tells of His Experience and Methods in Treating Foul Brood.

Other Information.

BY P. W. STAHLMAN.

MR. HILL, Dear Sir:— When I
read The Bee-Keeper, which
comes to me regularly, I cannot:
help being interested and benefited
by reading the articles which it con-
tains. I herewith send you a photo
of the apiary of F. G. Hinman, of Gal-
lupville, N. Y., of which I was the
apiarist this season — 1903. The per-
son standing is the proprietor, a man
of good business qualHie;-!, a man of
his M'ord, and one that admires a
tasty-looking apiary, and every pai't
of it kept up in order. The person sit-
ting on the hive is the writer, "ion
will notice I am holding a ramons
rabbit dog, but unfortunately the little
fellow turned his head .iust as the pic-
ture was taken and therefoi'e is no
good.

As you will see, the apiary is located
In an apple orchard on quite level
ground. The, hives are all in rows,
which permits the use of a lawn
mower. They are of the L size and
the apiary is run for comb honey prin-
cipally; but if there are any weak col-
onies they are run for extracted

When I say that bees in this vicinity
are kept on business principles you
may think I may be throwing a hint
that only bees here are run I'ight. But
let me tell you when a man keeps bees
where the ruins of foul brood have ex-
isted for six years (and still exists), he

must do things pretty near right or the
result will be failure every time. The
yard in view has been diseased quite
badly, but has been rid of the disease
and the whole apiary of 126 colonies
are in winter quarters in good shape.
We have tried all sorts oF cures for
foul brood, the formaldehyde cure in-
cluded, and as to formaldehyde curing
foul brood to perfection, I am not
ready to say that it will. We have
made tests all along this line, giving
double doses and every other wa.v. To
cure is easy, but to stay cured is an-
other thing not quite so eas.v. We
have experimented to our satisfaction,
taking all the brood and hone.v from
an infected colony and fumigating for
11/0 hours, then air the combs well and
return to the same bees. M^hich result-
ed in doing much good, but did not kill
all of the germs, as a little of the dis-
ease remained during the entire sea-
son. We also treated combs of honey
(sealed and unsealed) in the same
manner and filled a hive full of such
combs and put a swarm on those
combs with good re><ults. No signs of
disease appeared during the entire sea-
son. But the only plan in which we
have gi'eat confidence is to tier the in-
fected combs of brood over a colony
that is slightly affected (but quite
strong in bees) and keep the queen out
of all the combs above by means of a

46

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

queen exchider, and after the good
brood has hatched out and the bees
have cleaned out the dried out larvae
(which they will do if the bees are
good Italians), and the combs have
been filled by bees with honey and
then extracted once or twice. Then
let the bees clean up the combs so
as to have them dry and then ap-
ply gas good and strong-. We
arc quite sure a cure has been effected
in this way and these combs may be
used without fear. I am also sure that
by shaking the bees just at night when
all have ceased to fly and using a

all the bees in front of the hive they
are to occupy. In most cases the bees
will have a few combs built during the
three days, and if any are jarred out
in jarring the bees, 3nake quick v/ork
in getting these little combs away
from the bees, as there may be a little
honey in them, which they should not
be allowed to get.

It will be understood by taking these
bees in the box and quietly and quick-
ly jarring them out, they cannot
fill themselves with honey as they can
if smoked. Of course they will - be
quite cross now, and you will want to

MR. HINMAN'S APIARY.

large newspaper to shake the bees
on, after the bees are all lu the
hive take the paper with what dead
bees (and drops of honey if there be
any) and burn at once, will make
doubly sure work of it.

I prefer a box hive to shake the bees
as there are no frames to bother with
and after they have been in this box
for three days then get the frame hive
ready and at night (or rather in the
evening late) take the box with the
treated bees without smoke, lift it
carefully and at one good jar dislodge

step back; and if they still show war
you can take to your heels or use your
smoker, as the bees are now away
from the honey.

One of the greatest points in curing
the bees is to get along with them just
as quietly as possible, and have their
location so distinctly marked in some
way that they will not mix with other
colonies. All old queens should be re-
placed with young ones -ind all black
bees and queens gotten rid of, also all
hybrids done away with the greatest
of speed.

1904 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

3 I emphatically aud unhesitatingly
say you cannot get a'.oii.ij with loul

47

brood by having a lot of black and
hybrid bees. At least, not in my
locality.

I rear my own queens, and then I
know what I have. I have little
faith in paying one dollar each for a
lot of cull queens. I much prefer to
rear them myself, then I know just
what to look for — a pretty good lot of
queens, I am sure. As regards hives,
each ha.s its friends and enemies. I
may some time in future send you a
photo of my queen rearing outfit with
article concerning it.

Gallupville, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1903.

CHUNK HONEY.

Four- Piece Sections versus One-Piece. T-Supers

versus Wide-Frame Supers.

By F. Greiner.

MR. EDITOR: The production of
chunk honey has become quite
a hobby, or perhaps business,
with the bee-keepers in Texas, I siip-
pose.

If we and all other bee-keepers
would go to producing that kind of
honey, the section problem would be
solved, causing perhaps half the siip-
ply manufacturers to shut down. For
the consuming public possibly this
might be a good thing, providing we
coidd educate the people to accept
chunk-honey in place of section honey.

From private customers in' my
vicinity I have more call for chunk-
honey (without the extracted article be-
ing poured over it) than for any other
kind. Furthermore I can with advan-
tage produce it. With the regular stock
of chunk-honey as produced in Texas
there is a great drawback <'on'!ectcd,
which is much more serious than it is
with the extracted kind, viz: the comb
honey, with the extracted poured on it,
becomes one .solid mass as soon as the
season advances, and cannot well be
liquefied again. It is not probable that
this difficulty will be overcome in the
near future and for this rmson. if no
other, section honey will be in demand
for a long while.

The consumers will care nothing
whether the honey he eats was pro-
duced in four-piece or in folding sec-
tions; that will be a matter of conven-

ience for the producer. We have used
the four-piece sections before the one-
piece sections came into fashion, and
have not had any reason to be sorry
for adopting the folding kind. It
i.s very true, sometimes a batch
of sections does not fold true. When
the grooves are not cut right, sections
cannot fold true and cannot be made
to stay .square without being held in
shape until filled. Why a four-piece
section should not come true I fail to
see, as it will easily conform to any
shape, diamond or square. In fact
the four-piece sections will solve the
problem of .sections coming square
every time. Even with the T-super
the four-piece section would work
nicely as far as keeping its shape,
while the one-piece section, (if it does
not hold square) can make us lots of
trouble. When it comes to taking the
filled sections from T-supers the dif-
ficulty we have experienced was al-
ways with the dovetailed corner of our
one-piece sections. The bottom of
section is generally so glued down
to the T, and in the attempt to sep-
arate the two the bottom would
pull oft' at the dovetailed corner
and break the bottom row of
cells. If such is the case with a sec-
tion that has but one dovetailed cor-
?^er. will not our trouble be multiplied
with a section having four such cor-
ners? By way of explanation would
say, that it has been our practice to so
place sections in the supers that the
dovetailed corner is down. We do not
wish to have it show when the honey
is crated. We followed the same rule
when filling our T-supers, of which,
fortunately, we have only 40 in use,
and these Ave do not use except on a
pinch, when all others are used up.
We have experienced another difficulty
with the T-super. and in this also the
dovetailed corners, because of their be-
ing sharper or coming to a sharper
corner than the others, increased this
viz: When sliding the sections into
their places between the T-rests the
corners of sections would catch on
them. A section pulled out of the cen-
ter of a filled T-super can be replaced
only with diificulty on this account.
While speaking of the undesiral)le fea-
tures of the T-super I want to mention
this other. We have to be very careful
how we handle them when ready for
the bees. When one accidentallv or

48

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

carelessly sets a T-super down ou some
rough surface, perhaps 3own into the
grass by the shade of a hive, and he
finds a dozen or more sections pushed
up partly — how trying it is for one in
the hurry of the work to get that
super back in shape. Even when a T-
super is filled with honey it must be
handled with greater care than any
other one on account of sections not
being protected from the bottom.

As to the one-piece section getting
glued up worse than the four-piece
section, this is a most insignificant
matter. If Mr. Heddon will try no-
bee-way sections he will experience no
trouble in their becoming glued up
seriously, providing he uses wide-
fi'ame supers, which is the only super
I consider worth having in a large bee
yard where time is considered money.
Mr. Heddon also prefers a section of
hard wood. I have suggested soft
maple as a suitable timber for the pur-
pose, some years ago. I was prompted
to do so because I felt we ought to
save the linden for bee pasturage. Of
course hard timber does not soil as
easily as soft basswood and water
does not soak into hard wood easily,
but we have no occasion to wash our
sections in order to get them clean. So
far as that is concerned, basswood an-
swers the purpose very well. The
principal gluing always occurs along
the top-bars of our wide frames where
the bottom bars sag a little, thus form-
ing a gap between the tops of sections
and the top-bar of the wide frames.
For this reason I would now make bot-
tom-bars of frames fully as heavy as
top-bars, or make the frames shorter
so as to take only three sections in-
stead of four. The gluing with one-
piece sections could not possibly be
any worse than with four-piece sec-
tions, and the soiling would be slight
whether hard wood or soft wood was
used for sections. The reason why
there is so much difference between
bee-keepers on the same subjects may
be attributed to tile fact that the
notions of different men are unlike.
Some will get along with little imper-
fections in a certain line, others would
not; and then again other imperfec-
tions they will make a big fuss over
t!ie others would count naught. So it
happens that the majority of bee-
keepers put up with the Italian bee al-

though they well know their coml>
honey is not to be compared with that
of the black or Carniolan bee. As G.
M. Doolittle says: "The honey the
Italians make is 'good enough,' " and
so I might say, soft wood sections are
good enough. As to one- and Tour-sec-
tions, I would give a little more for
the former rather than use latter, but
of course if the former cannot be ob-
tained I would not hesitate to use the
latter.

Naples, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1903.

♦-•-♦^

MANIPULATION.

Variable Results from Different Methods and
Races of Bees. Characteristics Viewed from the
Standpoint of Sentiment and Science.
By Arthur C. Miller.

IT WAS with some surprise that I
read Dr. Blanton's comments in
the January Bee-Keeper on the
Cyprian bees. In my own apiaries I
find them most tractable when proper-
ly handled. I say "properly handled"
because they do resent the treatment
generally given to bees. I handle
Cyprians as freely as Carniolans, do it
bare faced and bare handed and in
fact on account of their tractability
and beauty use them for show bees
and do not hesitate to show them to
visitors even when the latter are with-
out veil and gloves.

But this article is not to extol the
merits of any race or strain of bees
but to treat of causes of trouble in
handling bees. Do any two persons
handle bees the same? I almost be-
lieve not. With smoker belobiug clouds
of pungent, suffocating vapor, one
operator will assail the hive like a
Chinese fanatic demolishing devils.
The poor bees are driven helter-skelter
first from the entrance and then from
the tops of the frames. By the time
the first frame is out the bees are in
a tremendous furor, rushing to and
fro in a vain endeavor to escape the
all-pervading smoke. And the operator
wonders why it is so hard to find the
queen!

Try such treatment with Cyprians
and the poor misguided operator will
go onto the retired list for many a day.
Iry it with "Blacks" and they will de-
sert the hive and scatter to the four
winds — till some more convenient sea-

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

49

son. With Syrians it moans a fight to
a finisli. With most Italians and with
Caruiolans it is comidete subjugation
up to a point, beyond whicli they fight.
With all it is a grevious mistake. An-
other operator will go to the other ex-
treme and fail to use smoke at the crit-
ical periods. Then some strike the
Iiappy medium, have a well charged,
well burning smoker, use it just as lit-
tle a,s possible and yet enough, and
control the bees readily and perfectly.
One man will be filled with senseless
fear, another will view his work
rationally, study and know the va-
garies of his strain of bees and act
accordingly, for difl'erent strains and
races react differently to the stimulus
of smoke.

It is the currently accepted belief
that smoke "frightens" bees. It is
doubtful if bees "fear" anything. It is
probable that smoke simply acts as a
nerve excitant, producing disturbing
sensations, which in turn react and
cause the bees to gorge with honey or
to precipitately flee. I question
whether the talfing of food under such
circumstances is anytMng more than
a nervous reaction. There is nothing
but sentiment to suggest that on the
bees' part there is forethought of loss
of home or food. When smoked ex-
cessively the bee ifights; "sacrificing
herself for the sake of home and sis-
ters" the legend runs. But 'tis hardly
true. A point has been reached in
nerve excitation where the sting mech-
anism is ,stimiil:ited. As ail i)arts
work in unison .so must tlie bee fly to-
wards that which excites the nerves of
the eyes and on striking the object the
rest of the actions occur in regular se-
quence.

The bee possesses a highly developed
nervouf^ system but its power of asso-
ciative memory is decidedly limited.
Beyond finding its way to the source
of nectar or food supply and back to
its domicile and noticing any marked
change in the appearance or suiTound-
ings thereof, I have failed to note any
evidence of a "'mind" in bees. Every
other function can be explained per-
fectly as reactions to excitants or
nerve stimuli.

To revert to sting action. The appli-
cation of ,smoke or heat can be carried
to a point where the bee doubles up
until it stings itself, or of when forced

almost to this, the abdomen be severed
from the thorax, the anterior part of
the body still continues to assail and
cling as before, while the posterior
part curves and the sting dart§ out
ami in as if the abdomen was still con-
nected with the thorax.

Someone may ask me to reconcile
these views with the action of the
"guards" which dart so readily from
the hive entrance at any moving ob-
ject. The movements excite (set in
action) the optic nerves, which in turn
react on the organs of flight. The bee
approaches the object and if the latter
causes continued or increased nerve
stimulation, either through the organs
of Slight, smell, hearing or touch, the
sequence is assault.

Why do bees feed the larvae ? They
have to. They cannot help themselves.

This article is but the merest al-
lusion to the laws underlying all life.
With man and the higher animals as-
sociative memory and reasoning enter
into the ]iroblem but with the lewder
orders movements are merely the re-
sults of various stimuli (such as heat,
light electricity, gravity, touch, etc.)
acting on living tissues.

When we can rid ourselves of the old
beliefs of the reasoning power of bees,
of a lot of unknown but supposedly
marvelous and complex laws, and go
to searching for the stimuli behind
each action we may then hope for a
speedy .solution of the swarming prob-
lem and similar perplexing questions —
and not before.

Providence, R. I.. .Tan. 2?,. 1904.
«-•-'*

In concluding a I'ecent letter, the
editor of one of the leading foreign
bee journals says: "Allow me to add
with what real pleasure I studv your
most excellent American Bee-Keeper
every month. You have good reason
to be prond of your publication, so full
it is of valuable teaching, so cleverly
edited, so attractive in form, .so fresh
and inspiriting from month to month."

The word honeymoon comes to us
from the ancients, among whom it was
the custom to drink diluted honey for
thirty days or a moon's age, after a
wedding feast. — Ex.

Have you noticed our special offer
on another page? An excellent agri-
cultural journal free to our readers.

5.0

THE AMERICAN
FORMALIN.

BEE-KEEPER.

Marcli

A Method of Its Application Suggested Within a
Hive Occupied by the Bees.

By J. E. Johnson.

THE question of foul brood is cer-
tainly an important one to all
who keep bees; ami any infor-
mation upon the subject ought to be
welcomed by every up-to-date bee-
keeper. This matter of applying gas to
a colony of live bees to kill the germs
and spores of disease and not injure
the bees or hinder them from work
means much if it can be done suc-
cessfully. Without giving the matter
much serious thought, or without a
full understanding of germ life, or
the real cause of why or how germs
are killed by gas, it would seem impos-
sible, but I am very confident that it
is not only possible but practicable.
Let us then first see if we fully under-
stand what formalin or or formalde-
hyde is.

Formaldehyde is a gas. This gas
can be mixed Avith water only to
an extent of 40 per cent. This solu-
tion is then called formalin or formal-
dehyde solution. A formaldehyde so-
lution may be of 10, 20 or 40 per cent,
strength but it is properly called for-
malin, only when 40 per cent,
strength. The gas may be driven
from this solution by heat or it may be
applied cold, and as the water evapor-
ates the gas is set free.

There are only two gases that are
good gei-macides. The gas from burn-
ing sulphur will unite with the water
of the air to produce sulphurous acid,
hence it is a germacide. The gas foi'-
maldehyde is a germacide because
when in the air it combines with free
oxygen to produce formic acid. So in
either case it is the acid that kills
germs, not the gas at all. Many think
that Itecause sulphurous gas is deadly
to all animal life foi-maldehyde must
necessarily be the same: but such is
not the case. One god long whiff of
.sulphurous gas may kill any animal
because it fills the lungs and stays
there, thus cutting off all oxygen. The
longest man can live without the oxy-
gen of the air is five minutes, hence
death would result from want of oxy-
gen. But formaldehyde is of a dif-

ferent nature. It can be inhaled along
with the air without serious injury,
that is to quite an extent. The injury
would be principally irritation from
the acid. In a medical college of
this state this matter was tested.
By way of experiment a dog was
placed in a room and formaldehyde
Avas applied quite strong for 24
hours. The dog was not injured ex-
cept nose, eyes, mouth and lungs were
much irritated but soon recovered so
as to eat a good meal. Now if we
should apidy a 40 per cent, solution of
formaldehyde on a piece of cotton and
place on the bottom board of a hiA'e
containing live bees, protected with
wire screen so that bees would not
come in direct contact with the
solution (it would burn them), this gas
would bo gradually set free and would
combine with the air in all parts of the
hive even through the l)rood, as brood
contains air Avhether live or dead.
Hence it would be effective. Now
spores are hard to kill when dr.v. but
in this case all spores would be in a
condition of rapid germination and
would be very much easier killed than
when combs alone were fumigated.
The spores are the seeds and
when in the right pabulum of
proper temperature and moisture, will
germinate, somewhat similar to
other seeds: and av h e n in this
stage of development they are easily
killed by any good bactericide, hence
the great advantage of this mode of
treatment, as bees Avould furnish the
necessary heat, moisture, etc.

However, if a 40 per cent, solution
be thus applied the bees would suffer
and Avould probably -desert the hive
unless given lots of air aboA^e and be-
low brood chamber, but if a weaker
solution be applietl it would no doubt
be as effective and less offensive to the
bees. As an illustration, one ounce of
20 per cent, solution would contain as
mur-h gas. and would yield as muc5
acid as one-half oiince of 40 per cent,
solution, only it Avould be slower. Also
tAVO ounces of 10 per cent, solution
would equal the same. Anyone trying
this method should experiment in a
small Avay to ,see how strong a gas the
bees woidd put up with. Raise
cover a trifle to create a -draught.
Weather should be warm, and soultion
be applied frequently for some time so

1904
as to have

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

coutiuuous forming ol"
acid, probably every two or tiiree days
for 10 or 15 days would, be right. The
strength of solution to be used would
depend on the weather and the amount
of ventilation given, but I would sug-
gest that a 10 or 20 per cent, solution
be used. Ten per cent would be best
to begin with. Ask a good physician
to get the solution for you, then you
will get what you ox-der. Get a 40 per
cent solution and reduce it by adding
water. The solution should be handled
with care. Any good physician can
give you further information as to
how to handle it.

There are such things as disease
germs of animal life but they belong-
to a different family. All bacteria,
ferments and fungi are of vegetable
life and should be treated as plants.
They neither live nor die from the
same causes as animals. Some prep-
arations will kill both animal and veg-
etable life but usually not from the
same cause or in the same way.

Williamsfield. 111.. Feb. 1. 1904.

♦-•-♦

SECTIONAL HIVES.

efficiency
chamber

As to Their Influence Upon the Strength of Colo-
nies, etc. A Friendly Criticism of Mr. McNears
Position in the Matter.

By E. F. Atwater.

ITH the added experience of
another honey -harvest I
reaffirm laiy belief in the
of large non-sectional brood-
hives," says W. W. McNeil
in October Bee-Keeper.

Right you are, for many localities,
Mr. McNeal, about the large hives, but
hold on, that "non-sectional" part I am
not so sure about.

"Repeated failure of this hive (sec-
tional) to give that numerical strength
of colony early in the season that is so
necessary to success." How, oh, how
did it happen so? My sectional brood
chnmbers do not "fail" here.

In fact there is less waste space in
the Heddon sectional hive than in the
standard L. However, waste space at
ends of frames has little to do with it,
one way or another. The vital point is
in the amount of waste space between
the combs in one case and the set of

51

combs above or below. This must be
reduced to a minimum to secure the
best results.

Mr. McNeal, tell us please, the exact
thickness of the top-bars in your
sectional hives and the exact thick-
ness of the bottom bars. Also were
your combs built down to the bot-
tom bars? With thick top bars, combs
not built down to bottom bars,
and rather thick bottom bars I should
expect bad results. I fail to see
where "climatic condition" or "floral
surroundings" have anything to do
with the case.

.T. B. Hall uses the sectional hive in
Ontario, L. Stachelhausen uses it in
Texas,

"Recourse to the sugar barrel is the
real life of the method." How so? It
is not so with me.

In extracting our thick, gummy
honey, new combs, full depth, built on
foundation are often torn and dam-
aged, while the shallow combs are un-
harmed. Then what perfect combs we
get in the shallow frames, every cell
available for worker brood, and no
sagging

"The big colonies in the big hives
are able to take care of themselves to
such an extent that the real need of
handling the brood combs is reduced
to a minimum."

True, again, and .lust as true of my
big colonies in my big sectional brood
chamlier hives, and when I do want to
know the exact condition of my colo-
nies how handy it is to pi-y apart the
sections of the brood nest, and see at
a glance the exact condition. How-
ever, I use hundreds of L hives, con-
.iointly with the sectional hives, for I
doubt that it would pay to change for
extracting alone. I shall use no more
clo,sed-end frames in extracting hives.

I see some very decided advantages
if? the use of sectional hives, and some
disadvantages, but the failure to pro-
duce strong colonies in them is not one
of the disadvantages. The shallow
cases are adapted to a great many sim-
ple .systems of management, biit net
so with the deep hives.

I fear that in a locality where foul
brood is prevalent, the shallow cases
Avould be objectionable, owing to the
time required to make a thorough ex-
amination of each comb.

Boise, Idaho, Dec. 7, 1903.

HEES WORKING ON CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
This beautiful picture was taken November 3, 1903, by Mr. Dick-
son D. Alley, a prominent photographer of New York City.
We have other equally good subjects from Mr. Alley's
camera, to appear in these columns.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

53

PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA.

A Pretty Story of California's New Honey Plant.
By Henry E. Horn.

YEARS AGO, when I first began
bee-keeping in Southern Califor-
nia, I noticed in the early sea-
son the field-bees coming home loaded
with at least three main distinct and
different colored kinds of pollen. Some
carried a creamy-looking variety, some
a deep orange, and some came wig-
gling up the alighting board with enor-
mous lumps of a sky-blue color. I
soon found out and knew the particu-
lar species of flowers and their plants
furnishing each particular kind of pol-
len; but as they all looked to be mere
weeds and so-called wild flowers, I
paid no special attention to them any
more.

Our honey, whenever we get a crop,
is derived from the orange, the sages,
and wild buckwheat, mainly, and these
are so abundant in a good season that
bee-keepers hardly ever notice any
other sources; while in a poor season
everything is poor— and thus it has
come about that Californians never dis-
covered, or recognized, the rare virtues,
from a bee-keeper's point of view, of
the modest and beautiful Phacelia
tanacetifolia.

It was a stranger from far away
Germany who, botanically, discovered
our brilliant golden poppy, and give
her his own name, "Esscholtzia," and
it was in a hidden garden nook on the
far-away banks of the Rhine where
she had absent-mindedly wandered,
that our sky-blue "Thousandpretty"'
was first loved, and being loved,
watched over and handled. And the
great good-look of "Thousandpretty"
was that her lover was a true friend
of Apis mellifera a.s well. Of course
Apis and Pretty soon found one
another and one can easily imagine the
delight with which human eyes
watched the mutual approachment,
and the prolonged and oft repeated
visits of "Apis" to "Pretty."

Now all this happened about ten or
twelve years ago. Today, among the
bee-men of Central Europe Phacelia
seed is an article of commerce, like
clover or rape; and many are the
praises sung in its favor.

Phacelia grows about 15 to 24 inches
high, branching out, or not, according

to room. Its foliage is fern-like, and of
a color varying from dark green to pur-
ple brown. It furnishes bee pasturage
in about six weeks from seed. Its
flower-stalk forms a sort of an
involute, unrolling as it goes, its
native name, "fiddleneck," explains
this very well. The flowers are sky-
blue, star-shaped, very shallow, aver-
aging, perhaps, one-eighth of an inch
in depth, and one-quarter inch in diam-
eter.

The bloom lasts about six weeks. It
furnishes nectar all day long, but
sometimes more, sometimes less. The
honey is light amber, sometimes light
green, and of a mild aromatic flavor.
The sky-blue pollen comes from it
alone.

Its fodder value is rated next to clo-
ver, and cows fed on it have shown a
marked increase in the yield of milk.
But cattle will not take it alone by
itself at first, for a while it must be
mixed with something they are used
to. And it must be fed green. It will
grow where weeds grow, early in the
season or late, and for green-manuring
Phacelia is said to equal the pea.

Our wheats and corns and things
were once but wild grasses somewhere.
Like them, our "Thousandpretty" may
yet turn out to be a real discovery.

Riverside, Cal., Feb. 12, 1904.

LAYING AVORKERS.

They Are Sometimes Wrongfully Accused.
By Adrian Getaz.

SOME TIME ago, the question was
raised in the European bee pa-
pers whether there is only one
laying worker in a colony or whether
there is a large number of them.

The discussion began by Mr. L. Jas-
pard asserting that having proceeded
to the investigation of a colony affect-
ed with so-called "laying workers" he
finally found instead of a real "laying
worker" a very imperfect queen, ex-
actly similar, or nearly so. to an ordi-.
nary worker except that with a very
close examination the pollen baskets
and other work organs were imper-
fectly developed. Later on Mr.
Lacoppe Arnold stated that he had
met two similar cases and boldly said
that there was probably no such thing
as laying workers, and and that all
such cases were likely due to the pres-

54

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

ence of imperfect qiieeus. I might ex-
plain here that the imperfect queens
are those raised from a too old larva
and cannot be fecundated, therefore
lay only drone eggs.

Such assertions could n(5t remain un-
challenged. Quotations to the contraiT
from Hul)er down to Chas. Dadant
were produced. Several cases were
quoted ^showing that a large propor-
tion of the bees examined under the
microscope had shown enlarged
ovaries and eggs. Donhoff had once
caught a bee carrying pollen and yet
having the enlarged ovaries and eggs,
showing the laying worker character-
istic. Some say that the laying
worker or workers can be got rid of
by shaking all the bees at a distance
of their home and letting go liack
those that will. Charles Dadant
is quoted as having said that, ns far
as his experience goes, there is no such
thing; and that there will be as many
laying workers after the opera; ion as
before.

After all was said and argued, it be-
came evident that there are such
things as fertile workers and when
tLere is any, they are in large num-
bers. Rut, on the other hand, a con-
siderable proportion of the supposed
laying workers' colonies ai'e merely
cases of imperfect queens.

Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 11, 1904.

BLACK BEES.

They Have Meritorious Traits Not Possessed by the

Italians.

By T. S. Hall.

THE black bees of this part of the
country have some very fine
points in their favor, while they
po.ssess some very objectionable fea-
tures.

They are a hardy race that winter
well, stand the severe changes of
spring without dwindling; are never
found to be diseased in any way. No
such thing as foul brood, black brood,
pickled broo-d or paralysis. They com-
mence to breed very early — much
earlier than the Italians. The queens
are very large and prolific; they cap
their honey snowy white, are good
workers, but not quite as good as the
Italians. They will enter the supers
almost at once when the first honey

flow comes. In the spring they work
better in the supers than the Italians,
putting all their honey above the brood
chamber. If they have the room they
do not crowd out the queen like the
Italians; they are fine queen-celF build-
ers. Their objectionable points are
their ill-temper; they are more vicious
than the Italians, when we smoke
them down they come back just as
quick as the smoke stops. Not so with
the Italian. They are very excitable
and will run ofE the combs when being
handled and easily become the prey of
robbers or the wax moth. They are
very easy to become discouraged and
seemingly just give up when they get
weak or the wax moth gets into their
combs. If we could eliminate these
few objections they would be the best
race we have; but those three points
are very serious marks against them.
If anyone has ever seen black bees
with paralysis we would like to hear
from them.

If as much care and selection was
given the black race of bees as has
been given the Italians and other races
no doubt there would have been great
improvements made on the blacks.
Their virgin queens are very quick
and active. Their drones are the
swiftest flyers and very active on the
wing. Selection has brought about
considerable changes and improve-
ments, and selections should not all be
made from the queen side. The drone
transmits certain traits to the progeny
of the queen that will not come from
the queen. Stock breeders use as
much care in selecting their sires as
they do in the female. The selections
should be made from both sides.

Jasper, Ga., Jan 20, 1904.

(Black bees in South Florida are not
less subject to paralysis than other
races, we think. — Editor.)

I wish to congratulate you on your
standpoint of limiting The American
Bee-Keeper to matters apicultural.
One of the rarest of virtues these days
is a resolute abstainance from preach-
ing. This is no joke. If j^ou can keep
your promiise, you are a rare bird. —
Henry E. Horn.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

55

CAN TVE GET MORE FOR OUR
HONEY.

I

By Mrs. S. A. Smith.

NOTICE, Mr, Editor, what is be-
ing said about trying to force up
the price of honey, by we produe-

Our good friend, Dr. Miller, says
that, if enough would join the N. B.-K.
A., then they could have wnough mon-
ey to do something in this line.

In September Review, the editor
says if the money of the National is
not used to defend members who go
to law justly, they will soon have too
much money. Also, if it is not used
for that, what will they use it for?
Does the N. B.-K. A. wish to help raise
the price of honey?

I remember when there were two
associations and what was to be done
if they would only join hand and
hearts. They have done well, but I
would like to ask, if they have not
lost sight of a great deal that they
started out to do?

The way to raise the price of honey,
is to raise it. Set an honest price, and
then stick to that price. Do not under-
sell another bee-keeper one cent. If
you do so today, tomorrow the other
seller will be asked to undersell you;
and the next day you will be asked
to keep the ball rolling. Do not begin!
I say.

Be verj- careful of your honey.
Honey that is unripe, unskimmed and
exposed to the air in large tanks or
perhaps open vessels, in any humid
climate, cannot be first-class, and I
have truly seen just such honey for
sale, and was asked by the grocer for
my opinion as to whiether it was honey
or some other sturt". If you use your
honey that way, you should not have
anything for it. Keep it sealed, as
the bees do. Who can handle honey
better than they. One lady told me,
our honey had such a nice perfume
about it, she said she knew it came
from the flowers by that.

If you are near two or three other
bee-keepers, meet and agree on the
price of your honey, and then stick to
that price.

If you are too far off, postage is
cheap. If you think your honey is the
best, send them samples, 'and get
samples of theirs. If one is the best

then the price should be fixed accord-
ingly. We will all help one another
to produce the honey but when it
comes to marlveting, that's another
story.

If the wholesale market is low, do
not help it down lower, with your
honey. Fruit must be shipped when
ripe, but we can keep our product for
months. Then why hurry it off just
as soon as taken from the hives?

If you say "I must sell, for I need
the money very much," just ask your-
self this: "What would I have done
for money if I had failed to get a
crop ?''

As it is a very uncertain business,
you often do not have the crop to
sell; what did you do then?

Keep your credit good at your bank,
and see which will pay the best, to
borrow money to live on, or sell your
honey for anything you can get for
it?

I can assure every bee-keeper that

there is a consumer who is just as

anxious to get your honey, as you are

f jr. and at a good price,

too.

There is too much difference be-
tween the wholesale and retail price.
Think of honey selling in New York
for 4 1-2 cents per pound, and the
poor who can not afford to eat it, for
by the time it reaches them it costs
10 cents a spoonful.

If the X. B.-K. A. wishes to use their
money to help bee-Iceepers, why not
loan money on honey, and keep it out
of the market until the market is
ready for it?

Take all the bee journals you have
and see if each year the market has
not been good at some date during the
year.

I believe in the end the consumer
will go to the. store and buy his honey
both comb and extracted, in a tin can,
and that can will be just the same as
fruit and vegetables are canned in.
A label will tell what is in the can.

Why should honey be put up in
glass? Why not demand our meat,
fruit, fish and everything else put in
glass? Would poor people buy a great
deal if it was?

If the N. B.-K. A., or some other
association, would put tinned honey
on the market, and advertise the same
as Swift, Fairbanks and everything
else is advertised, then both sides

56

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

would get the honey and money that
is due them.

When you pick up one of our first-
class magazines you see everything
else advertised except honey. Then
we are foolish enough to wonder why
we cannot get anything for our honey.

We use all our brains and energy
to produce, and there we quit. It's
wrong.

I know you are tired, so once more
I will say don't, don't, don't sell for
less than your price, and be good to
your product.

Grant, Fla.

THAT FRAME OF FOUNDATION.

By Adrian Getaz.

I AM ACCUSED of colliding with
Mr. Poppleton's opinions.
I don"t see it. That's altogether
a question of view point. Mr. Pop-
pleton looking at that comb of founda-
tion from the standpoint of an ex-
tracted honey producer, while I was
writing from the position of a comb
honey raiser.

An extracted honey producer is sup-
posed to have plenty of built combs,
and all he has to do is to give enough
of them to accommodate both sui-plus
and brood. There is absolutely no
need of giving foundation except when
he needs more combs.

But the comb honey raiser is alto-
gether in a different position. He can
give only foundation in the sections
instead of combs already built. When
the honey flows come there is no room
yet in the sections to deposit the honey.
Then the honey gatherers put it in the
brood-nest as fast as the brood
emerges, disputing the cell,s to the
queen. Eventually swarming occurs
as the result of such a condition of
affairs.

Now, we take out a comb and give
a sheet of foundation. It takes the
bees some time to draw the foundation,
further more the queen can lay in the
cells as soon as they are stretched,
while they cannot be used for holding
honey until they are about an eighth
of an inch longer. These two causes
enable the queen to keep up with the
comb-builders and fill the comb with
eggs.

As I said, the object in view is to
prevent swarming. As long as there
is plenty of brood to feed, the nurse

bees will not waste their time on queea
cells.

Giving an already • built comb will
not answer. The thousands of honey
gatherers contained in the hive would
fill it with honey at once before the
queen could even make more than a
beginning at egg-laying.

Knoxville, Tenn.

AVIIiTSHIRF BAL.LAD.

The Harnet and the Bittle.

A harnet sat in a hollow treie,
A proper spiteful twoad wur he;
And he merrily sung as he did set.
His stinge as sharp as a bagouet.
Oh! who's so bowld and vierce as I
I vears not bee, nor waspe, nor vly.

A bittle up thuck tree did dim,
And scornfully did look at 'im.
Says he: "Sir Harnet, Avho guv thee
A right to set in thuck there tree?
Although you zing so nation (very, ex-
tremely) vine,
I tell-'ee it's a house o' mine."

The harnet's conscience felt a twinge.
But growin' bowld wi' his long stinge;
Says he: "Possession's the best law,
So here thee shasu't set a claw.
Git out and leave the tree to me,
The mixen's (dunghill) good enough
for thee."

Just then a yuckel (woodpecker) pass-
in' by.
Was axed by them their cause to try;
Thinks he, 'tis very plain to see,
They'll make vamous munch for me.
His bill was sharp, his stummic leer,
So up he suapt the caddlin' (quarrel-
ing) pair.

(Moral.)
All you as be to law inclined.
This leetle story bear in mind;
For if to law you ever go,
Be sure they'll alius sarve you so.
You'll meet the fate of them there two.
They'll take your cwoat and carcase
too.

— T. P.'s. Weekly.

I like The American Bee-Keeper
very much, and think it is improving
all the time.— Geo. B. Howe.

Windbreaks in winter are beneficial.

THE

Bee -Keeping World

I staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

M ♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ f ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ MM ♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦» M»

GERMANY.

The honey producers in Germany
seem to be bothered more than we in
America to sell their product. The
reason lies in the fact that the selling
part of the business has not yet been
reduced to the system as here in
America. They are lacking the middle-
man; the very man cried down so
much here. He, as he does in America,
could serve a good purpose there as
well.

Very good retail packages for ex-
tracted honey are offered for sale to
the German bee-keepers, some holding
as little as 1-4 poimd, and up to 10
pounds, made of flint glass. Glass-
works in Silesia make them in six dif-
ferent styles.

The German bee-keepers are in a
sad plight as to honey adulterations.
A dealer of honey in Hamburg says:
"A great deal of artificial honey is
consumed in Germany. The product
is usually sugar-syrup flavored with
a little honey and bee-bread decoction.
Unfortunately a great deal of fraud is
practiced and the artificial mixture is
palmed off as the genuine article, sold
to bakeries and small consumers. The
authorities are powerless, as there is
no sure way to detect the fraud out-
side of judging by the taste and odor,
and they have given up the idea of
watching for adulteration in honey."

P. Neuimann, after an experience of
twenty-five years with foul brood says
in Leipz. Bztg. that with the exception
of a very few cases he has always
been able to trace the different cases
to the transmission of the disease from
one hive to the other, from one bee-
yard to another. Not until the bee-
keepers become convinced that the fire-
cure is to be practiced on discovery
of a foul broody hive will the disease
be controlled.

Generally speaking German writers
favor the destruction of foul broody
colonies by fire. Editor Reidenbach,
(of Phalz. Bztg.), however, is opposed,
to this. He makes a distinction be-
tween foul brood in light form and
that in a malignant form. Under fa-
vorable conditions the former generally
disappears of itself and. the IvXcEvoy
treatment would not be necessary, so
he says. Lichtenthaler asserts in Die
Biene, that honey per se does not
carry the disease to other hives, the
infectious spores and the bacilli are
contained in the pollen. He says fur-
ther that the foul brood is a harmless
disease for the experienced, but may
become a dangerous affair with the
careless and inexperienced.

The writer of this has been studying
and thinking how to get around buy-
ing high-priced lumber for bee hives
and his mind has turned (?) to the
paper and straw. A German friend
tells in Leipzigor Biene Zeitung how
he makes use of waste paper. He
says: "A receptacle is filled up witS
the paper and the latter is covered
with water. Thus it is left for sev-
eral days. Then it is hauled over with
a garden rake and stirred smooth till
it is a sort of pudding. This is then
poured into forms and smoothed down.
In this shape it is left to dry for sev-
eral weeks when the paper boards are
dry enough to be made up into hives.
They can be sawed, bored, nailed but
not planed.- I maKe the boards 1 1-2
inches thick. The hives made from
them are very warm in winter and cool
in summer. Well painted they will
resist the weather first-rate. With the
primitive means employed I have not
been able to make hives all in one
piece."

Steenhusen, the editor of the Schlwg.
Hoist. Bztg. thinks it is unlawful to
put out decoy hives, and discusses this
question at length in his paper. Others

5S

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEE.

March

hold a like opinion and say that a man
can be taken to task for keeping empty
hives (full of comb) setting in his bee-
yards when it can be proven that he
does so to induce stray swarms to
take possession of them. It should
come under the same head as trapping
bees, which is unlawful.

ITALY.

The bee-keepers of Italy do not seem
to see the need of a bee journal. The
Apicoltore has but 400 subscribers.

B. V.

PALESTINE.

Palestine has been called the land
where milk and honey flows, and judg-
ing from what the Bible says one
might be lead to think that the bee-
keeping industry must have flourished
in Bible times. It is, however, pretty
well conceded that the word translated
with "Honey," by Luther meant in
most instances, "something boiled
do-^vn to a jelly — grape jelly," an arti-
cle used even now in the Holy Land
by the wealthier people and travelers
in place of butter, which is scarce.
There were probably many wild bees
in the woods and in caves, but none
were kept in hives domesticated. Since
these times the timber has all been de-
stroyed and Avild bees have become
a rarity. Not many bees are kept now
in hives althovigh the conditions are
favorable for bee-keeping. The Euro-
pean imigrant is the only one carrying
on modern bee-keeping, averaging 60
pounds per hive. Failures are not
known. The earliest honey is gathered
from almond and apricot blossoms,
followed by orange blossoms. Thistle,
cactus and other weeds furnish some
honey later. Some bee-keepers migrate
to the mountains and into the vicinity
of Bethlehem. — From Schlesw. Hoist.
Bztg.

CHILI.

A report from a Chilian bee-keeper
states that an apiary of 160 colonies
bought in the country and transferred
in modern hives, gave (in 1903) 340
swarms. No foundation was given.
The crop of honey was 37,000 pounds;
74 pounds per colony, all counted, or
231 pounds "spring count." Apiculture
is on the increase. The natives use but
very little honey, only as medicine.
Practically all is exported, the present

price being about 7 cents per pound.
All extracted honey. — From Rucher
Beige.

SIBERIA.

The winter in Siberia is not only
very cold but lasts about seven months,
from the middle of September to the
middle of May. The snow is very
abimdant, sometimes eight or ten feet
deep. The summer comes suddenly
as soon as the snow is melted, is ex-
ceedingly warm, especially during the
day, and ends as suddenly as it be-
gan.

The honey is gathered almost exclu-
sively from the lindens. There are
seventeen dii¥erent varieties of them,
blossoming successively during nearly
the whole season. The colonies ai-e
wintered in buildings erected for the
purpose. Most of the bee-keepers ai-e
specialists and establish their apiaries
in or near the forests. The hives are
imported from the United States, that
is, the majority of them. Each is set
on four small posts, and has a roof
above. In the fall, or rather beginning
of the winter, the weak colonies are
united, sometimes five, six or more to-
gether. No colony weighing less than
14 pounds (of bees) is wintered. Hives
are hung on the trees to attract and
capture the runaway swarms. The
bees remain in the hives during the
middle of the day on account of the
excessive heat. The honey (chunk
honey) is sold at about 17 cents per
pound. — From the Apiculteur.

SWITZERLAND.
Mr. Edouard Bertrand, the editor of
the Revue Internationale d' Apiculture,
announces that the paper will be dis-
continued at the end of the present
year, (1903). His health and strength
are beginning to fail, and it is neces-
sary for him to seek some rest. The
Revue is, or rather has been, the best
of all the bee papers published in the
French language. It has lasted 25
years. Mr. Bertrand is the author of H
some of the best works on bee-keeping ; i
in existence. It is hoped that the
Suisse Romande Society of Apiculture
will undertake to continue the paper.

FRANCE.

A swarm had introduced itself into
the wall of a frame house and decided
apparently to stay there. A bee-keeper

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

59

(Mr. Le Haulx) was called to dislodge
them, if possible without doing too
much demolition. After some hard
thinking, Mr. Le Haulx brought a hive
with a comb of brood and honey from
his apiary, installed the hive against
the opening in the wall putting a Por-
ter escape between the wall and the
hive so the bees could come out of
their place but not go back. He thus
succeeded in capturing the entire
swarm. — Gazette Apicole.

THE FUTURE.

It would not be surprising if, after a
year so discouraging as 1903, many
bee-keepers should feel inclined to take
less interest in the industry. Indeed,
the reports — the "Melancholy Record,"
which we publish in October would go
far towards justifying a falling-off in
enthusiasm. But there has been no
falling-olf, nor any sign of despair;
and this, in itself, is of more value to
the country than an abundant honey
harvejst would have been. Because
it is now, more than ever before, evi-
dent that the men who have taken to
bee-keeping are made of the stuff that
the country wants; men who are not
to be defeated by reverses, who are
prepared to take the rough with the
smooth, and who, when they suffer
loss, to determine to make the future
retrieve it.

It is refreshing; it is worth going
through a disastrous season, to expe-
rience this kind of hopeful enthusiasm
on the part of men w^ho have, beyond
doubt, been badly hit in their business.
Truth to tell, our correspondence has
brought us more encouragement this
year, just because of the evidence it
has given of a spirit of confidence on
the part of our friends — confidence in
themselves, and in the recompense
which ttiey look forward to. "We like
the man who can say: "It was not
the fault of the bees. They will serve
me well when bi-ighter days come for
them and for me," and who puts on
the candy cakes, and dry, warm wraps,
waits for the future with steady hope.
By such as he it is that success is de-
deserved or won.

There ard three or four months to
come before active work in tne apiary
can begin again. What is to be done
with the winter months? Well, this
is the season for making and repair-

ing hives, for re-arranging apiaries,
for comparing notes, and forming
plans for the coming year. Now, in
the long evenings, there is time for
study. A good, useful bee-book; an
hour by the fireside with Maeterlinck,
will yield both pleasure and profit.
The great point is to leave nothing un-
done that can help to the attainment
of the objects in view. The practical
bee-keeper looks well ahead. He is
ne'V'er taken by surprise when the
business in hand calls for his attention
at a moment's notice. He knows that
few things done in a hurry ai'e
lasting, are well done. He makes his
preparations beforehand. Not even
the activities of bee-life can find him
unready. — Irish Bee Journal.

A GREAT SUFFERER.

Perhaps the Bohemian bumble-bee
has been the greatest sufferer from
weather ravages. He has no warm
hive to shelter him, and no candy or
syrup put down for his consumption.
When belated frosts or untimely
storms come, his nest of withered
grass or moss is often devastated, and
poor Bombus, as he is called from the
volume of his buzz, perishes. There
has been so far this year as great a
scarcity of bumble bees as of butter-
fiies, owing to inclement weather. One,
the first this year, was seen in an un-
cut clover field near Epping. The
great velvety fellow was blundering
and buzzing among the purple clover
heads with all the bustle characteris-
tic of his species. And he knew that
he had the purple clover to himself,
for the hive bee's tongue is not long
enough to reach that flower's nectar.
Perhaps that was some compensation
for the fact that a bumble-bee is born
to shift for himself, and face storms,
—Daily Express (London), July 14th.

We like the American Bee-Keeper
very much, and wish you much suc-
cess for 1904.— T. S. Hall.

Chaff cushion divisions are prefer-
able to boards alone, as they are
warmer.

Division boards should be used in all
weak calonies, thus contracting the
space.

60

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.
PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA-

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies S5
cents; 3 copies $L20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising Rates.

x'ifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent.' discount for two iser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion the month following.

Matters relating to business may be ad-
dressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
Fort Pierce, Fla., or Jamestown, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department should be ad-
dressed to the Florida office.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
you owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your early attention.

As an experiment, an apiarist in
quest of a situation invested twenty-
five cents in the Bee-Keeper's cent-a-
word column, recently. Before the
month was out he wrote that inquiries
had been received from bee-keepers
from "Vermont to California. As a
southern location is preferred, he has a

choice between Texas and Mississippi,
from both of which business proposi-
tions have been received. Possibly,
other of our readers have failed to ap-
preciate the efficiency and cheapness
of this department.

Texas has a new bee-keepers' asso-
ciation, organized at Beeville, Texas,
Feb. 1, and to be known as the Nueces
Valley Bee-Keepers' Association. Mi*.
W. H. Laws, of Beeville, is secretary
of the new organization.

An association of bee-keepers was
organized .Tan. 30, in Knox county, III.
The regular annual meeting will be
held in April and a rousing attendance
is anticipated. Mr. J. E. Johnson, of
Williamsfield, is president, and E. D.
Woods, of Galesburg, secretary of the
new society.

In the last annual report of the
National Bee - Keepers' Association
there appeared a list of prices on
honey cans. General Manager France
desires to inform the readers of the
American Bee-Keeper that "these
prices will not be granted any longer.''

In view of different opinions re-
cently expressed in these columns, in
I'egard to the amiability or viciousness
of the Cyprians, it would be interest-
ing to have a brief statement of the ex-
periences of the fraternity in general
upon this point. We shall be pleased to
hear from those who have had to do
with this race of bees.

A winter of unusual severity is
drawing to a close, and its 'efPects upon
the bees is a matter of quite general
interest. Brief reports of the results
in wintering would be quite in order
for the April Bee-Keeper, and we shall
be pleased to hear from our readers
throughout the country in regard to
this point.

SECTIONS.
• Commenting editorially upon Mr.
Heddon's article in The Bee-Keeper,
the American Bee .lournal says: "If,
perforce, we must go back to four-
piece sections, we may as well take all
the comfort we can out of the advan-
tages thew oflFer. They can be made
out of any kind of wood, and no one

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

61

pretends tbat basswood is the best
lumber for sections where no bendiniC
of joints is needed. It is tnie tbat .1
one-piece section that is not s(iuare can
be made square, but it will not st:7y
square unless rigidly held so, while a
four-piece section stays square of
itself. There is generally dan.;ier of
breaking ,some sections in putting to-
gether one-piece sections unless the
joints are wet. and it is extra trouble
to ,wet the sections aside from danger
of discoloration from wetting. This
breakage and wetting is saved when
using four-piece sections. Besides the
breaking when folding sections, there
is the ibreaking that sometimes hap-
pen.? after the foundation is put in,
which is worse, and very much worse
if it occurs after the section is filled
with honey. Four-piece sections avoid
this. Possibly we may find comfort in
discovering other advantages, but
these are enough to show that the
change, if the change must come, will
not be an unmixed evil."

Though the Journal has not enumer-
ated all the objections peculiar to the
one-piece section, it might find ad-
ditional "comfort" in an effort to com-
pile so formidable an array of "evils"
against the four-piece style.

SELLING EXTRACTED HONEY IN
THE LOCAL MARKET.

On page 19 of The Bee-Keeper for
January is discussed the advisability
of readopting the word "strained" in-
stead of "extracted," as now used in
connection with liquid honey.

As a result of an experience related
by Mx-. W. L. Coggshall during his re-
cent visit with The Bee-Keeper, we are
moved to touch again upon this sub-
ject. As an experiment, last fall, Mr.
Coggshall inserted a small advertise-
ment in a local newspaper published
at Ithaca, near his home in New York
state. The "ad" simply stated that
for ten cents a pound he would deliver
at the buyer's door pure strained
honey. The result was that 60"0
pounds were ordered and delivered.
The newspaper announcement cost Mr.
•Coggshall 75 cents. He is quite confi-
dent that the success of the enterprise
is attributable to the virtue of that
word, "strained." People know what
"strained honey" is; while "extracted

honey" is yet a mystery to the million.
If there is more money in "strained"
honey than in "extracted," even
though it be taken with the extractor,
it does not seem advisable to stand
upon the technicality while good busi-
ness rushes by. It is our obvious duty
to see that the populace is amply pro-
vided with honey, whether it is called
comb, bulk, extracted or strained. It's
profitable business and honest dollars
that the producer wants; and the peo-
ple may call the goods what they will.

W. L. COGGSHALL IN FLORIDA.

Mr. W. L. Coggshall, of Groton, N.
Y., in company with his brother,
David H. Coggshall, in returning from
a tour of inspection in Cuba, where he
has extensive aparian interests, stop-
ped off to favor the Bee-Keeper with
a day's visit, recently. W. L. has
about 1,900 colonies in New York
state, 800 in Cuba and extensive
apiaries in New Mexico and Colorado,
aggregating, approximately, 3,500 colo-
nies; while David H. has 600 colonies
near his New York home. Like most
other men of great achievements, Mr.
Coggshall is in manner extremely
modest and unassuming.

During their visit. The Bee-Keeper
secured a photograph of the distin-
guished gentlemen, which it hopes t9
present next month, in connection with
an article of interest from the pen of
the most extensive bee-keeper in the
world.

END STAPLES IN BROOD FRAMES
We have several times in these col-
umns expressed our preference for <
end-staples in the bottom-bar of brood
frames. An ordinary widow blind
staple driven into the end-bar until it
projects 5-16 of an inch, affords a val-
uable safeguard against maiming or
killing a queen and greatly facilitates
rapid and easy work when manipulat-
ing a hive. This idea we learned
many years ago in the apiaries of
Mr. J. B. Hall, of Canada, and have
continued it in use ever since, with in-
creasing satisfaction. The big guns of
beedom, however, seem to prefer the
end staple at or near the top of the
frame where it is almost useless, not-
withstanding our humble protests
upon several occasions. It was there-
fore gratifying to learn, during Mr.

I

62

THE A]SIERICAN BE.K-KEEPEK.

March

Coggshall's visit, that he invariably
uses the staple in the end of the bot-
tom-bar, where it is of genuine service
to the x'apicl manipulator.

THE MAKING OF THE QUEEN-
BEE

To the American Bee Journal col-
umns Mr F. Greiner contributes a vrey
interesting translation from the Ger-
man, by Pastor Kline, bearing the
above heading, and supported by this
foundation sentence.

"In regard to the physiology of the
worker and the queen bee I have con-
cluded, after a close observation, that
the female bee-larva, when but little
developed, embraces within her little
body two distinct possibilities or ten-
dencies, viz: 1st, to develop either
into a mother-bee, or, 2nd, into a nurse
or worker bee. One is irresistibly
forced to the conviction of its
being an error that the worker-bee is
a dwarfed or undeveloped female bee,
for in the worker as well as in the
queen do we find different organs in
the highest state of perfection. The
worker is endowed with that wonder-
ful system of glands, the pollen-bas-
kets, the stronger tongue and jaws;
the queen with those perfect organs of
reproduction."

Mr. Kline proceeds 1p show that no
distinguisking line really exists — that
the degree of development of the re-
spective functions is proportionate to
extent or thoroughness of the treat-
ment during the larval stage, as pre-
scribed by nature — and that the dis-
tinguishing characteristics blend, or
overlap to an extent that entirely
obliterates the dividing line. He says:

"What do we know about a larva de-
veloping into a worker in one case,
into a queen in another? It is believed
that we must look for a certain admix-
ture in the laiwal food, or that the lat-
ter is more plentifully administered,
and thus produces the queen bee. It
appears that as soon as the larval food
is changed the development changes
with it, but it comes very gradually. I
have taken five-day worker larvae and
transferred them to queen-cells. They
should have been sealed after one-half
day, but it was accomplished only in
a full day, and yet the resulting queen
could hardly be distinguished from a

worker. The older the larva selected
for a queen at the time the change Is
made, the nearer the resulting queen
will be like a worker.

"Worker larvae, when from one to
one and a half days old, have hardly
received other treatment than queen
larvae. Not till the end of the second
day can we notice that the lai'val food
is more scantily supplied to woriver
than to queen larvae. Even when a
three-day worker larva is placed into
a qiieen cell full of royal food, its
growth is slower than that of one that
has been in a queen cell from the be-
ginning, and we can notice some dis-
tinguishing marks in the natural in-
sects between those that were reared
from one, or two-day larvae. I trans-
ferred 30 one-half to one day old
worker larvae to queen cells, let them
remain therein for two days, and final-
ly returned them to worker cells. I
succeeded only with two. One of the
larvae was immediately sealed after
the second transfer, and produced a
perfect worker bee; the other one was
not sealed quite so quickly and pro-
duced a queen, small and weak, show-
ing round head and curved hairs on
the hind legs, and possessing a short
tongue. This experiment shows that
a queen larva can be changed into a
worker."

"The moral of the whole," says Mr,
Kline, "is this: The earlier a larva re-
ceives royal treatment, and therefore
the more lavish she is fed. the better
and more perfect will be the resulting
queen."

In conclusion, Mr. Greiner makes
the following supplementary com-
ments: "While I fully endorse the
moral, I wish to say this: Our posi-
tive knowledge of this mysterious mat-
ter is restricted to the fact that the
queen larva is fed more lavishly and
slightly differently during the latter
pei'iod of her life. We do not know
that this difference in food and food
supply produces the I'esults we see. I
believe the real cause is not under-
stood, and what we see are only the
accompanying circumstances.''

It is evident, as asserted by Mr.
Greiner, that nothing very definite is
really known upon this subject; but
The Bee-Keeper is pleased to be able
to assure its readers that this problem
is now undergoing a series of very

1904

TffE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

63

careful and thorough experiments at
the hands of a most capable student
of apiculture, and one who is especial-
ly conversant with the biological
phases of the art. We therefore an-
ticipate the development of knowledge
before the lapse of many months which
will prove of inestimable value to
queen breeders. There's "somethin'
doin'."

A GOOD FARM PAPER FREE.

The Bee-Keeper invites the atten-
tion of its readers to an announcement
in the advertising columns of this issue
oifering them a free yearly subscrip-
tion to the American Farmer, Indian-
apolis, Ind. The price of the Farmer
is 50 cents a year, but by subscribing
for it through The Bee-Keeper office,
and in connection with The American
Bee-Keeper, it will cost our readers
nothing for a whole year. We believe
many of our subscribers will be glad
to avail themselves of this liberal of-
fer; and we shall esteem it a special
favor if they will kindly mention this
proposition to any bee-keepiuj? friend
not at present a subscriber.
*-*-¥

A NOTEWORTHY THAW IN MIS-
SOURI.

In our January issue we "had to
show" Editor Abbott a few things in
regard to specialized journalism in api-
culture. In his journal, the Modern
Farmer and Busy Bee, for February,
Mr. Abbott comes back at the editor
of The Bee-Keeper with the following
sarcastic thrust. It is a relief, how-
ever, to be permitted to read something
in a cheerful vein from Mr. Abbott's
pen, when criticising a point not
wholly in accord with his own views
upon the subject:

There comes a wail from the
swamps of Florida that indicates that
Bro. Hill, of the American Bee-Keeper,
is in a bad way. However, his friends
need not be alarmed. He will no doubt
come out all right, for we see that he
reads The Modern Farmer and no man
who peruses regularly the clean pages
of this high grade, moral, agricultural
monthly can remain off his base very
long.

The American Farmer free to our
readers. See announcement elsewhere.

BEE PARALYSIS— WHAT'S THE
CAUSE?
With reference to Mr. Atchley's the-
ory as to the cause of bee-paralysis,
Mr. O. O. Poppleton, whom we con-
sider one of the very best authorities
in the country upon the question, says:
"Mr. Atchley must have either a very
peculiar kind of bees or an unusual
form of paralysis." "For," says he,
"one of the distinguishing characteris-
tics of the malady is an abnormal
brood-rearing inclination, so much so
that they are rai-ely able to care for
the excessive amount of brood found
in afflicted colonies." — American Bee-
Keeper.

The above editorial we clip from the
American Bee-Keeper, page 255, 1903.
While I have always had due rever-
ence for Mr. Poppleton and all other
bee brethren, Bro. Hill, it is very essen-
tial that we get at the root of these
matters. Mr. Poppleton is high au-
thority on apiculture, but I feel very
sure that he is mistaken as to bee pa-
ralysis. Please allow me to ask Mr. P.
a few simple questions, and if he will
give satisfactory answers then I will
bow and sit down. First. Why is
pollen always found in the sacs of bees
dying with paralysis? Second. What
was that pollen taken for? Third.
Is not pollen always used in brood-
rearing? Then why are bees always
healthy in confinement when they have
no pollen at all? Certainly, the very
character of the so-called disease is an
abnormal brood-rearing inclination, as
everything would be normal if it were
not so. Why, sure bees are not in a
shape to care for brood when they have
their bodies chock full of old, soured
pollen, which has been there so long
that they cannot use it, and ultimate
death is the only alternative for Na-
ture to perform.— Southland Queen.

The foregoing extract was submitted
to Mr. Poppleton with a request for
an early response, and the following
hurriedly written comments are the
result. From a long and intimate as-
sociation with Mr. Poppleton, we are
strongly inclined to believe that Broth-
er Atchley will find his opponent quite
equal to any demands he may be
pleased to make upon his resources, in
the matter of practical experience with
paralysis; and that Mr. Atchley's posi-
tion must be greatly reinforced before
it is generally regarded as tenable by
the craft. — Editor Bee-Keeper.

64

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

I

Stuart, Fla., Feb. 17, 1904.
Friend Hill:

Thanks for the clipping you sent me
from an editorial in the January num-
ber of The Southland Queen. I will
try to answer Mr. Atchley's questions.

To his first and second questions I
would say that it is not a fact that
"pollen is always found in the sacs
of bees dying with paralysis." All the
diseased bees that I have dissected
and examined with Coddington lens
showed no appearance whatever of
pollen in the sacs. They seemed to be
filled with pure honey. To his third
question the only answer there can be
is yes.

I cannot help thinking that I was
right in saying that "Mr. Atchley
must have either a very peculiar kind
of bees or an unusual form of disease."
His theory is quite ingenious, but, un-
fortunately, several well-observed
facts throw almost certain doubt on
the theory.

1st. Drones are quite subject to the
disease, and they have never been ac-
cused of being chyle producers. Mr.
Atchley is without doubt mistaken
when saying that drones do not die
with the disease. Many others be-
sides myself have reported on that
point, at least two Texas beekeepers
having done so within the last two
months.

2nd. The disease seems to be much
more prevalent in certain strains or
families of bees. At least four times
within the last ten years I have had
to utterly destroy certain queens and
all their daughters; nearly all the cases
in my apiary being confined to these
particular bees. Certain viue'.Mi3 seem
to iMinsirit the germs of the disease
thrcvgh queen daughters to their i)ro-
geny. This looks as though there < an
be but little doubt that the disease is
of a nature to be transmitted from one
generation to another. It will, liow-
ever, take the most skillful scientific
examination to absolutely determine
this point — an examination which
neither Mr. Atchley nor myself have
the facilities to do.

3rd. Colonies which have had the dis-
ease one season, but recovered without
treatment of any kind, are much more
liable to have the disease next season
than are other colonies.

4th. It is the old bees, the field

workers, that die; not, as a rule, the

1 are ti>e ones that

prepare the chyle. If chyle was in
any manner the cause of the disease,
the nurse bees would be the ones af-
fected, not the field workers. My own
conclusions, as to cause and effect,
are directly opposite to those of Mr.
Atchley. I think the strong inclina-
tion shown by the diseased colonies to
rear all the broo-d they possibly can is
caused by the disease, and that the
disease is not a result of the brood
rearing inclination.

All badly diseased colonies are very
short of field workers and have an un-
duly large proportion of young or
nurse bees. All weak colonies with
prolific queens have a strong desire to
raise all the brood they can. In nearly
all badly diseased colonies many more
eggs are laid by the queen than the
few field workers can gather food for.
I have never noticed that colonies de-
^■eloped any abnormal brood rearing
desire before being weakened by the
disease. It looks to me as though the
facts point to a shortage of the chyle
supply rather than an over supply.

The undoubted fact that the proper
use of sulphur has and will cure the
disease indicates that its nature is en-
tirely different from Mr. Atchley's
Idea of it. I don't see how that fact
and Mr. Atchley's theory can be re-
conciled.

There are still other reasons why it
looks to me as though Mr. Atchley's
"facts" on which he bases his theory,
aro quite badly mixed.

While I am not absolutely certain
that sick bees can carry the disease,
yet I am so well satised that they can
do so that I take considerable care to
prevent it. O. O. Poppleton.

REMOVING SECTIONS FROM THE

sri'!:R.

In Mr. Greiner's interesting article
published in this number, he refers to
the liability of the one-piece section to
pull apart at the dovetailed corner ■
when removing finished goods from
the super, and asks if our trouble in >
this respect may not be multiplied by
the use of a section having four such i
corners.

We do not know Mr. Greiner's meth- \
od of removing completed sections
from the super; but in all the comb |
honey we have handled we do not |
remember to have had such an ex- '
perience in a single case, and do not

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

65

think it has occurred. This experience
inclndes the handling of many car-
loads of comb honey, and in sections
of various types. The plan we use
may be of interest to some of our
readers :

If the T-super is in use, have a wide
board (similar to a new, nucleated flat
hive lid) always at hand. Upon this
place smoothly a piece of carpet fully
as large as the top of the super. Slack-
en all wedges, stand the super on end,
stand the cloth-covered board against
the open top, incline the super towards
the l)oard and in direct contact con-
tinue the motion with both until the
super rests inverted upon the board
and lays flat upon the work table. The
super may now be readily lifted, and
the sections stand free. In case of
extreme propolizing, it may be neces-
sary to lift one end of the super and
let drop with slight force upon the
carpet, but no harm will come to the
honey as a result.

If a super on the plan of the old
Heddon style is used, the super is in-
verted in the same way, and the sec-
tions forced down to the carpet by
means of a follower made of a piece of
4x4.

,,MmiS«a||!igy4«i.i|!Si

Elmira. N. Y., Feb. 21. 1004.
Gentlemen: I wish to ask a little fa-
vor of you in regard to hiving swarms.
Now we can hive one swarm all right,
but when two or more come out and
light on the same limb, at the same
time, we have a hard time of it, and in
a good many cases we lose some of the
swarms. If you can give a little advice
upon this question through the columns
of The Bee-Keeper we will be vei-y
thankful to you. Sincerely yours.
Chas. Koop.

such unpleasant condition of afEairs,
where natural swarming is permitted,
it is Avell to have all queens clipped,
and promptly caged as they issue.
Such combinations usually all return
to one hive, that hive being the one
upon the alighting-board of which a
caged queen has been left exposed;
and when in the judgment of the op-
erator, a proper proportion of the clus-
ter has entered with the first queen,
the hive may be removed from the
stand, well covered with a sheet, and
another empty hive placed at once in
its place and another queen released
with the Ingoing bees. In this way
the process may be repeated as often
as the number of queens and swarms
may dictate, and no difficulty is in-
volved. If queens are not clipped, and
the apiarist is unable to find in the
festoon and cage the superfluous
queens, perhaps the better plan would
be to shake the swarm upon a sheet
several feet from the entrance to the
hive prepared for its reception, put
a few bees close enough to the entrance
to give the call and start in; then, with
cage in hand sharply scan the moving
mass as it proceeds to the entrance,
and cage the extra queen or queens.
If the eye is trained to such work, the
queens may usually be found in this
way, and the. swarms thus divided.
Our advice is, however: Have your
queens clipped, and thus insure the
safe and easy management of swarms.
With undipped queens at swarming
time, the apiarist must "trust to luck."
To the writer the plan is most unsat-
isfactory.— Editor.

When two or more swarms in the
apiary are out at the same time, they
usually combine in the cluster. We
have seen 18 swarms thus clustered
together. If queens are not clipped,
the apiarist, under such circumstances
certainly has a most disagreeable job
upon his hands. To guard against any

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Boston, Feb. 19, 1904.— There is a
little better demand in comb honey,
which is the beginning of the spring
demand. The stocks in hand are ample
to take care of all possible demands.
Our prices we quote as follows: Fancy
white, 16c.; A No. 1, 15 l-2c.; No. 1, 15
to 15 1-2. Extracted, fancy white, 8c.;
light amber 6 1-2 to 7c., according to
quality. — Blake, Scott & Lee.

Toronto, Canada, Feb. 22.— We are
under the impression that a good many
bee-keepers who sold honey early in
the season are ahead, as the prices
and demand for honey at present are
not so good as earlier. The supply
is abundant, with rather slow demand.

66

THH AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March

We quote our market today as follows:
Comb, $1.25 to $1.50, wholesale. Ex-
tracted, 6 1-2 to 7 l-2c. Beeswax, 30c.
— E. Grainger & Co.

Milwaukee, Feb. 15. — The demand
for honey is dragging slow, with liber-
al supply. We are hoping and expect-
ing an improvement in the demand
during the spring months. We quote:
10 to 14c. as to quality, for comb honey;
extracted, white in barrels, 6 1-2 to 7c.
in cans and pails, 7 1-2 to 8c. Bees-
wax, 30c. for choice, pure goods. — A.
V. Bishop & Co.

24 sections, $2.50 to $2.75; No. 2, per
case, $2.25 to $^40; extracted, white,
7 l-2c., light amber, 6 1-2 to 6 3-4c.
Beeswax wanted at 26 to 30c. — The
Colorado Honey Producers' Associa-
tion.

Kansas City, Mo., Feb. 13.— We be-
lieve the demand for honey will begin
to increase from now on, but do not
think prices will go any higher. The
supply is large, with fairly good de-
mand. We quote: Fancy comb, $2.50
No. 1, $2.40 per case; extracted, 6 to
7c. Beeswax, 30c. — C. C. demons &
Co.

New York, Feb. 13. — Some producers
hold back their honey too long. In
the fall the demand was good at good
prices; now concessions have to be
made to move it. The supply is quite
large for this time of year. The de-
mand is rather slow for all kinds. We
quote our market today as follows:
White comb, 12 to 14c.; dark, 9 to lie;
extracted: white, 6 to 6 1-2; dark, 5
to 5 l-2c. Beeswax, 28 to 29c.— Hil-
dreth & Segelken.

Albany, N. Y., Feb. 18.— The unpre-
cedented cold winter has made the de-
mand for honey slow at any time.
There is a surplus in the -market. We
quote: Comb, 10 to 13c.; extracted,
5 to 7c. Beeswax, 28 to 30c.— H. R.
Wright.

Hamburg, Germany, Jan. 6. — Cali-
fornia amber, per cwt. $8.33; white,
$8.80. Shipments of honey soon due
are offered at $7.66 and $8.14. All
honey importations are subject to im-
port duties of $4.76 per 100 lbs. — L.
Gabian.

Denver, Feb. l3.^The supply of
honey in fancy grade is small, though
plentiful in No. 2 and off grades. The
demand is better than last month. The
probabilities are that stock will all be
cleared up before the new crop ar-
rives. We quote our market as fol-
lows: No. 1 comb, white, per case of

Chicago, Feb. 8. — The demand is bet-
ter for all grades of honey than at any
time since beginning of December of
last year. Stocks are now being re-
duced, but at the same time prices are
easy. Many have had it so long that
they are anxious to make sales. No.
1 to fancy white comb honey sells at
12c to 13c.; amber gi-ades, 10c to lie;
dark, etc., 9c. to 10c. ; white extracted,
6e. to 7c., according to quality, kind
and flavor; amb'er 5c. and 6c. Bees-
wax;, 30c. per pound. — R. A. Burnett
& Co.

Cent=a=Word Column.

The rate is uniformly one cent for each
word, each month; no advertisement however
small will be accepted for less than twenty
cents, and must be paid in advance. Count
the words and remit vnth order accordingly.

CALIFORNIA PHACELIA SEED-One ounce
for 25 cents, or 1000 seeds for 10 cents, post-
paid. Sent by Henry E. Horn, Riverside, Cal.

FOR SALE — Farms, both large and small;
also, houses and lots, everywhere. Send for
free bulletins. W. H. Burke, Clifto«
Springs, N. Y. 1-3

WANTED— To exchange six-month trial lub-
scription to The American Bee-Keeper for 31
centi in postage stamps. Address, Bee-Keeper,
Falconer, N. Y.

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr. Camera Coib-

plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost (S.N,

will sell with leather case for $3.50 cash. Ai

dress Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N. Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost J150, in first-class condition, was built
to order for the owner. Tires new. Will lell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview ave.,
Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising novel-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for cat^
logu* and terms. American Manufacturiag
Concern, Jamestown, N Y.

"We have an awful appetite for orderi."

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG.. CO.,

Bee-keepers' Supplies Jamestown, N. Y.

Send us your name and addrcti for a cat-
logue.

The subscription price of the ROCKY
MOUNTAIN BEE JOURNAL is SO cenU.
Wt will =cri<l it with THE BEE-KEEPER
one year for only 7S cents.

'HE A. I. ROOT CO:, MEDINA, QHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

r^EO. J. VANDE VORD, DAYTONA, FLA.
vJ Breeds choice Italian queens early. All
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfaction
guaranteed .

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^- (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.) Golden
yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred
from select mothers in separate apiaries.

THE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY, BEE-
1 VILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Carniolan,
Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded Italian
queens. Write for our low prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed..

TOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.. sends
J out the choicest 3-banded and golden Italian
queens that skill and experience can produce.
Satisfaction guaranteed. No disease.

I B. CASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has fine
^ • golden Italian queens early and late. Work-
ers little inclined to swarm, and cap their honey
very white. Hundreds of his old customers stick
to him year after year. Circular free.

CWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTHMORE,
^ PA. Our bees and queens are the brighest
Italians procurable. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Correspondence in English, French, German and
Spanish. Shipments to all parts of the world.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
• Superior stock queens, $1.50 each; queen
and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for only $2.00.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO., (John
W. Pharr, Prop.) BERCLAIR, TEXAS, is
breeding tine golden and 3-banded Italian and
Carniolan queens. Prices are low. Please write
for special information desired.

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free
Sheffield, En^'laud.

lU GORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
''^ of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
John Hewitt & Co., ' know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
4 I Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

MAPS.

A vest pocket" Map of your State.

New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, ia seven colors, 1^11
railroads, postoflfices — ana mur!»
towns not given in the postal guiJc
— rivers, lakes and mountains, wiih
index and population of co'jnties,
cities and towns. Census — it gives
all official returns. We will send
you postpaid any state map you
wish for

20 cents

(silver).

JOHN W. HANN,

Wauneta, Neb

American

BEE

Journal

16 - p. Weekly.
Sample Free.
jO" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.
Departments for beginners
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,
OBORaB W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago,Ill.

CLUBBING LIST.

We will send The American
Keeper with the —

Price
Rocky Mountain Bee Jour-
nal $ .50

What to Eeat 1.00

Bee-Keepers' Review 1.00

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00

Gleanings in Bee Culture. . 1.00

American Queen 50

The American Boy 1.00

Irish Bee Journal 36

Poultry News 25

Bee-

Both

$ .75

1.00

1.35

1.35

1.35

.60

1.00

.65

50

FREE

TO OUR
SUBSCRIBERS I

THE GREAT

AMERICAN
FARMER

OF INDIANAPOLIS^ IND.,

One of the leading agricultural journals of the nation, edited by an
able corps of writers.

This valuable journal in addition to the logical treatment of all
agricultural subjects, also discusses the great issues of the day, there-
by adding zest to its columns and giving the farmer something to think
about aside from the every day humdrum of routine duties.

FOR A LIMITED TIME

By special arrangement with the publishers we are enabled to offer
all Bee-Keeper readers the American Farmer one year absolutely free.

TWO FOR TUB PRICE OF ONE

Every new subscriber who sends us fifty cents to pay for The
Bee-Keeper one year may also have the American Farmer, without
extra charge. Every old subscriber who pays up in full and one year
in advance is also entitled to a year's subscription to the Farmer.

YOl ARE INVITED TO TAKE IMMEDIATE ADVANTAGE OF THIS OFFER

ADDRESS:

I The American Bee=Keeper |

Falconer, New York

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTIRAL MONTH-
LY IN THE LNITED STATES Jt^^j^^^Ji^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM UND HAUS

& tf. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No former should think of buy-
ing land before seeing a copy of
THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE
JOURNAL. It cfntoins the largemt
list of lands for sale of any paper
published in Iowa. Reaches 30,-
000 readers each issue, and ia one
of the best advertising mediums to
reach the farmers and the Home-
Seekers that you can advertise in.
For 75c vee v^ill mail you the Jour-
nal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps vpe will send you
the Journal 2 months on trial.
Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,
TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-Sulpbur Water aud Mud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, Skin and
Blood Biseases, Constipation, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new aud up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, iSlectrio Lights, Hot and Cold Water
on each floor. Rates including Room, Board.
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Water Baths and
Med AtteudHnce (noextras) J3.)) aud
$3.00 a dav, according to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, lad.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime conditioi? for
spring planting.

All

Leading
Varieties

wiue lor prices and terms.
MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Headquarters for Bee-Suppiies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are
the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens; for
prices refer to my catalog.

C. H. V^. WEBER,

Ofllce and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CiNCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrecc los mas reducidos prccios en to-
da clasc de articulos para Apicultorcs.
Nuestra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo soliciten. Dirija-
nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

The only strictly cigricultural
paper published in this btate. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co.,
etf Nashville, Tenn.

FIGHTING ROOSTERS

Mystify and amuse your
f rieuds, These are two gen- 1
nine game roosters with 1
feathers, they fight to a
finish, and are always ready
to fight. The secret of their
movements is only known to
the operator. Will last a life- /i!
time. 10c per pair, 3 for 2&C,
postpaid. Address

ZENO SUPPLY COMPANY

Indianapolis

BOX J.

Indiana

The Kecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interestea, aon t fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample .
copy at once. Address,

R. J. FINLEY,

^^- MACON , MO.

When writing to advertiser mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

To SubterlberB of
THE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Oth«fni!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to Any addrese in the U. 8. A., on*
year for 10 cents, prorldlng you
mention American Bee-Keeper.
■^ The Country Journal treats on
5 Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
i? try and Fashion. It's the best pa-
I per printed for the price.
4 Address,

] The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.

2tf

If our special offer in this number
interests you, write today and enclose
subscription.

Be sure that each colony has a good
fertile queen.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
jiojmlar litera-

rv faiiiilv

■~""™™™™"~^~"^"~" MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers witli good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

THE SOUTHERN FilER,

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription, .... 50 Cents a Year.

Published tbe First of Every Month

and Circulates in £very

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Mahks

Designs

Copyrights &.c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion froe whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest asiency for securing patents.

Patents taken throuprh Munn & Co. receive
tpeciat notice, without ch.irgc. in the

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year : four months, ?1. Sold ty all newsdealers.

&Co.3^^«^°^''*^^' New York

Branch Office. S?-"; F Ht.. Washington, B. C.

National Bee<-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Mcfflbership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. PRANCE, Platteville, Wis..

General Manager and Treasurer.

Clubbing Offers

Here is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as good, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee .Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. .T. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 29 cents cash or 31 cents
in goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once.
Prices subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

When writiuK' to advertisers mention
Tlie American Bee-Keeper.

T^ee Supplies from Lewis

They are the finest.
THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES,
MILLIONS OF SECTIONS,

Ready for Promnt Shipment.

G. B. Lewis Co.^^ST!:a.

I-:ASTERN agencies. C. M. Scott &
Co., 1004 East Washington St., Indianapolis,
Ind.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO..
Front and Walnut Sts.,
CINCINNATI. OHIO.

Catalogue Free. tf.

Out Specialty for over 30 Years has been the Manufacture of all Kinds

Including Bee-Hives and Frames, Section Honey-Boxes,
Shipping-Cases, Honey and Wax Extractors, Bee-Smokers,
Bee-Comb Foundation, Comb-Foundation Machines, Comb-
Foundation Fasteners. Perforated Queen-Excluders, etc.

In fact, a full line of every tiling required by bee-keepers. T
superior excellence of these goods is such that they have a worl
wide reputation, and dealers handling them generally say:

<tf

Catalog for 1904. 93d Edition.— Our Catalog
full of valuable information, and is ready for mailmg. Apply
once to the nearest agent or branch house, or to the home ofhce. \
send it free to all applicants.

Gleanings in Bee C\iltiire.— If you will rivc
the names and addresses of ten or more bee-keepers we will seud 3;
in addition, if you request it, our 44-page semi-monthly jourr
Gleanings in Bee Culture, for 3 months free. Price $1.00 per ye

Agents.^ Because of the great demand for Root's G(
we have established agencies all over the United States and m m^
foreip-n countries. Some of the more important are mentioned bel

M. II limit Si. Son, Bell Branch. Wayne Co., Mich
Geo. K. Hilton, Fremont, Newaygo Co., Mich.
C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Av.. Cincinnati, O.

Missouri.

Prothero & Arnold, DuBois, Clearfield Co., Pa.
K. H. Farmer, 182 Friend Street, Bo.ston, Mass.
Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Butler Co., Kansas.
Griggs Brothers, Toledo, Ohio.
X,. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver, Colorado.
A. F. McAdams, Columbus Grove, Ohio.
K Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.
Nelson Bros. Fruit Co., Delta, Colo.

Walter S. Ponder, Indianapolis, Ind.
Vickery P.ros., Evan.sville, Ind.
Joseph Nysewander, I)es Moines, Iowa.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Montg. Co
Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore, Md.

In addition to the above mentioned we have hundreds of ott
who handle our goods in large or small lots, some of them handl
specialties only, like Root's Cowan Extractor, Root's Weed Cc
Foundation, etc. When you want standard Bee Supplies place y
order with any of the agents or branch houses mentioned on this pi
or write our home office for name of agent nearest you.

M.a.in Office and ^WorRs, Medina, OS^io, U. S. A,

CHICAGO, ILL , 144 Kast Rrie Street.
PHILADELPHIA, PA., lo Vine Street.
SYRACUSE, N. Y.
MECHANIC FALLa, ME.

>B R A N C H £ S'

ST PAUL MINN., 1024 Miss. St.
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, 4.^8 W. Houston S
WASHINGTON, D. C I TOO Md. Av., S. W.
HAVANA, CUBA, San Ignacio 17.

Entered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla.. as second-class mail matter

kSALZERS
^ FARM
SEED NOVELTIES

Salzer's National Oats.

Most prolific Oats on earth. The
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, Bays: "Salzer's Oats are the
best out of over four hundred sorts
tested by us." This grand Oat
yielded In Wisconsin 156 bu., Ohio
187 bu., Michigan 231 bu., Missouri
255 bu. , and North Dakota 310 bu. per
acre, and will positively do as well by
you. Try It, sir, and be convinced.

A Feiv Sworn to Yields.

Salzer'i Beardless Barky, 121 bu. per A.
Salzer's Houiekuilder Corn, 301 bo. peri.
Salzer's Big Four Oats, 250 bo. per A.
Salzer's New National Oats, 310 bu. peri.
Salter's Potatoes. 736 bu. per A.
Salzer's Onions, 1,000 bo. per A.
All of our Farm and A'^egetAble Seeds are
I)edigree stock, bred right up to big yields.

Salzer's Speltz (Enuner).

Greatest cereal wonder of the age. It is
not corn nor wheat, nor rye, nor barley, nor
oats, but a golden combination of them all,
yielding 80 bu. of grain and 4 tons of rich
straw hay per acre. Greatest stock food on
earth. Does well everywhere.

Salzer's Million Dollar Grass.

Most talked of grass on earth. Editors and
College Professors and Agricultural Lecturers
praise it witliout stint; yields 14 tons of rich
nay and lots of pasture besides, per acre.

Salzer's Teoslnte.

Salzer's Teosiiite produces 113 rich, juicy,
sweet, leafy eincks from one kernel of seed, 14
feet higli in 90 days; yielding fully 80
tons of green fodder per acre, doing
well everywhere, Kast, SVest, South
or Nortlx.

Grasses and Clovers.

Only large growers of grasses and
clovers for seed in America.
Operate over 5,(KX) acres. Our
seeds are warranted. We make
a great specialty of Grasses and
Clovers, Fodder Plants, Com, Po-
tatoes, Onions, Cabbage, and all ,
sorts of Vegetable Seeds.

For 10c in Stamps

and the name of this paper, we
will send you a lot of farm
seed samples, including some
of above, together with our
mammoth 14o p.ige illus-
trated catalogue, for
hut 10c in postage
stamps.

Send for same
to-day.

JOHN A.SALZER SEED CO.

LA CROSSE. WIS.

We

It

Druggists Who Sell

Dr. Miles' Nervine

Agree, If It Fails,

To Refund Cost.

Of course we reimburse the druggist.

You know him, and trust him.

Dr. Miles' Nervine is medicine for youi
nerves.

It cures diseases of the internal or-
gans, by giving tone to the nerves which
make these organs work.

It is a novel theory — not of anatomy,
but of treatment; first discovered by
Dr. Miles, and since made use of by
many wide-awake physicians, who ap-
preciate its value in treating the sick.

If you are sick, we offer you a way to
be made well — Dr. Miles' Nervine.

This medicine is a scientific cure for
nerve disorders, such as Neuralgia,
Headache, Loss of Memory, Sleepless-
ness, Spasms, Backache, St. Vitus'
Dance, Epilepsy or Fits, Nervous Pros-
tration, etc.

Ey toning up the nerves. Dr. Miles'
Restorative Nervine will also cure those
diseases of the internal organs due to
a disordered nervous system.

Gome of these are: "^ Indigestion, Bil-
ious Headache, Kidney Trouble, Chronic
Constipation, Dropsy, Catarrh, Rheuma-
tism, etc.

"My brother had nervous prostration,
and was not expected to live. I pre-
vailed upon him to try Dr. Miles'
Restorative Nervine, and now he has
fully recovered. You remember I wrote
you how it saved my life a few years
ago, wlien I had nervous trouble. I
preach its merits to everyone." — REV.
M. D. MYERS, CorrectJonville. Iowa.

F75"r»Tji Write us and we will mail
j\i±jj!i you a Free Trial Package of
Dr. Miles' Anti-Pain Pills, the New,
Scientific Rem<jkdy for Pain. Also Symp-
tom Blank for our Specialist to diagnose
your case and tell you whnt is wrong
and how to right it, Absolutely Free.
Address: DR. MILES MEDICAL CO.,
LABORATORIES, ELKHART, IND.

"We 1-ave an awfu! appetite for orders."

'i-he W. ,T. FALCf^NER MFG. CO.

"ec-keepers' Supplies Jamestown, N. Y,

Send us your name and address for a cata-
'ogue.

The subscription price of the ROCKY
MOUNTAIN BEE JOURNAL is 50 cents.
We will send it with THE BEE-KEEPEK
one year for only 1^ cents.

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
W'HERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

ROTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JAMESTONA/N, N. Y.

IF YOU S

WANT TO GROW ffi

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm ^
Products in Florida subscribe ^
for the FLORIDA AGRICUL= @
JURIST. Sample copy sent ^
on application. (^

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

DO YOUR HEN^ PAY?
This woman understands
her business, 10 Dozen
Eggs at 36c. per dozen
irom 180 hens in
one day.

BARNES'

Foot Power MacMnery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, which
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxe»,
etc. Sent on trial. Send foi
Catalogue and Price List.
VV. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford.111

DTP M A n A 7fNt? 0"e year free to quickly iii-
DlU InliUnZimD troduce it. As good as Harp-
er's, Munsey's, Ladies Home Journal or McClure's
SendlO cents to help pay postage. AITIEKIC » ^
ST«»KIES. Oept, fl.D., Grand Rapids, Mich

isBiHiipm

The only Pipe made

tliat cannot be t*:»!d |

from a cigar. Holds

a large pipe full of

tobacco and lasts for years. Agents' outfit and a 25-cent sampl#

by mail for 10c. , and our Big Bargain Catalog Free. Address,

Zeno Supply Co., South Bend, Ind.

HOHH WORK

week. Enclose stamp.
Grand Rapids, Mich:

Either sex, mailing

circulars. $ 12 per

H. D. LEADER CO ,

tf.

promptly obtained OR NO FEE. Trade-Marks,
Caveats. C.)pyri(;ht3 and LtibelB registered.
TWENTY YEAiflS' PRACTICE. Highest references.
Sead model, sketch or photo, for frse report
on patentability. All business confidential.
HAND-BOOK FREE. E-xpIains everything. Tells
How to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
meohanio.al movements, and contains 300 other
BubJectB of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO. a.S,s

790 F Street North,

WASHINGTON, D.C.

That Egg

Sasket

tells the
story.

Ten Dozen at 36e. pep doz. in one d »v f o)
Our New Boofc "Helps for Poiiltry Ke

how, explains why so many fail and so t^
A Book we can commend with a good C(
a GRE.-VT HELI* to allPoultry Keeper,
old. Describes (It) varieties of fowls, well J.
and contains a Poultry Keepers Account
gain or loss monthly ;on heavy paper won h .i-. .
This Book Free with our Poultry Paptr one year tor
2.'>f. or Book free with psp'-r :t months for lOc.
Descriptive circular.s Free lor stamp topay postage.
Wayside I'oultry to., Cliiitonville, Conn.

DON'T KILL

YOURSELF, WASHING THE oLoJ

WAY, BUT BUY AN E M P I R Ej

WASHER, with tokich lh» (
frailest woman can do an or-
dinar]/ wathing in one hour,
without wetting her hands.
Sample atwholeaaleprict. Satisfaction Gtiaranteed.
No pav until tried. Writefor Rluntrated Cataloipt*
andpricei of Wringers, Ironing Tables, Clothes ReeU,
DryingBars, \fagonJaeks,<(;e. AgrentsWanted. Lib-
eral Terms. QuickSalesl Little Workil Big Pay Ml
J^ci<£re««,THi EMriKiWASHKK Co., Juaestewn.N.z .

MAPS.

A Test pocket Map of your State.

New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, in seven colors, all
railroads, postoffices — and man)
towns not given in the postal guid^>
— rivers, lakes and mountains, wiih
index and population of counties,
cities and towns. Census — it gives
all official returns. We will send
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3 and 5=Banded Italian
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0<i5f500©©9<?©^©©WOO®00 ©©©GO©!

Vol. XIV

APRIL, 1904.

No. 4

An April Morning.

THIS moniiug when I woke I heard
The low, ,sweet chatter of a bird
Beside my window, where so long
I've missed the music of the song
That filled last summer with delight,
And saw a sudden, arrowy flight —
A flash of blue that soars and sings —
A bit of heaven itself on wings.

"The bluebird has come back!" I cried.
And flung the window open wide.
I leaned across the mossy sill.
And heard the laughing little rill
That comes but once a year, and stays
Through the brief round of April days,
Then, when its banks with blooms are bright,
It seems to vanish in a night.

The old spring gladness filled th'fe air.
I breathed it, felt it everywhere.
How blue the sky was! and a tint
Of color that was just a hint
Of "green things growing" greeted me
Along the willows by the lea,
And I could feel, and almost hear.
The quickened pulses of the year.

A warm south wind that seemed a draught

Of wine the sweetest ever quaffed

Blew round me, bringing balmy smells

That made me dream of pimpernels.

And arbutus blooms in pinewood nooks.

And gay wake-robins by the brooks,

Whose heart with spring's swift joy was stirred.

And I was happy as the bird

— Eben B. Rexford in Home and Flowers.

68

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

PRINCE OF AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPERS.

He Tells American Bee-Keeper Readers Something
of His Early Career, Failures, Obstacles and
Successes.

By W. L. Coggshall.

FIRST, I liked houey and had a
fondness for insects, especially
bees. When but 10 years old —
1862 — we got our mail but once
a week, and I, being the young-
est, was sent for it, a mile dis-
tnat to a neighbor's usually on
Sunday morning. This "neighbor,"
Mr. Metzgar, had bees; and I much
preferred seeing the bees swarin to
going to church, especially as in war
times the sermons lasted nearly one
and a half hours, and then Sunday
school, which augmented the interest
in bees on Sunday. Well do 1 remem-
ber the arguments my mother used to
hold with me because I failed to goi
home earlier with the mail on Sunday
morning; as waiting for me caused
them to be late for church. If I re-
member correctly, they did not always
wait, and this was quite agreeable to
myself.

Well, the outcome was that father
got a "skep" of bees so that I might
see them swarm at home; and they
did swarm — up in the spare room where
they were put for winter — one warm
day in March. Oh, how I did mourn
the loss of those bees.

The next year my grandfather gave
D. H., my older brother, one "skep,"
and how well I remember splitting
elder stalks and cleaning out the pith
and slipping it into the hives to catch
the worms of the moth-miller, which
destroys so many bees. They cast a
big swarm, and the next year D. H.
bought Kidder's book on bees, as well
as a farm right to make his patent
hive.

In 1866 I bought a "skep" for $5.00.
It cast three swarms, and I got $8.00
worth of honey. The next year the
firm of coggshall Bros, was formed.
The capital stock was not in the thous-
ands. We had about thirty colonies in
Kidder and box-hives. These were put
into the cellar to winter, but in the
spring were taken out nearly all dead.
This was a serious loss to us, but we
were not entirely discouraged, and
soon bought more bees; so that in

1S68 we had eighty colonies. That
winter we aauled in logs and with
horse-power and u saw-table built
by my brother, we cut and made 150
Langstroth hives. Those hives are in
use today. Tney were painted two
coats of paint. Rignt nere I beg to
say that I honestly think that a square
joint is better than either a miter or
dovetail, for durability — and they are
certainly cheaper. The severe winter
of 1869-70 resulted in the loss of our
bees; but we stocked up, and by 1871
we again had eighty colonies.

My brother made an extractor, using
the gearing of an apple-paring machine
in its construction. I'his was the first
extractor in the country. Our crop of
3,000 pounds of extracted honey was
sold to C. O. Parrine at 12 1-2 to 15
cents a pound, wholesale. Parrine, it
will be remembered, is the man who
tried the floating apiary on the Missis-
sippi river; and I want to say right
here that this plan will be successfully
consummated at no very distant date.
It will be made a success, and my own
hands itch to assist in carrying on the
scheme.

In 1872 we had another severe win-
ter, which resulted in tne loss of one-
half of our bees. In 1873 we sold our
crop of extracted honey to Mr. Par-
rine at 17 cents a pound.

In 1876 the firm of Coggshall Bro-
thers dissolved, and I did not get
stocked up again until the season of
1877. In the spring or 1878 I received
a check in payment for noney of $341.-
70. That was the check that set me
up in the bee business. I commenced
to buy bees. In 1880 I had 125 col-
onies. The winter of 1880-81 was an-
other hard one' — the mei-cury being
below zero for three weeks or .January
— and 70 per cent, of the bees out of
doors were lost. Then I stocked up,
and the year of 1882 was the best I
have ever known for bees. My aver-
age being 200 pounds of honey per col-
ony, one-fourth box or section honey
which I sold at 18 to 20 cents; and the
extracted at 8 to 10 cents per pound,
wholesale.

Since that time I have continued to
buy bees wherever I could do so to
advantage; and here I might state that,
with four exceptions, every one of my
twenty apiaries represents some one
M'ho has become discouraged at bee-
keeping. Up to 1894 I invariably made

D. H. Ck)ggshall.

W. L. Cosssball.

ro

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

the bees pay for themselves the first
year; but since that time prices of
honey have gone down, without a cor-
responding decline in price of bees,
and I have not been able to do so.
Competition is inci'easing and yields
growing lighter.

My first out-apiaries were started in
1879, at M. B. Miller's place, two and
one-half miles away. At this writing
I have them scattered at distances
varying from four to twenty-nine miles,
driving from here to look after them.

I went into winter quarters this win-
ter with 1965 colonies in New York.
My other apiaries, situated elsewhere,
make the aggregate at this time. 3800
colonies. Mj^ brother, D. H., now has
650 colonies.

Groton, N. Y., March 4, 1904.

P. S. — I have five apiaries with dif-
ferent sized frames — bought from dif-
ferent bee-keepers Different fraines
rquire different manipulation, and that
is about all the difference I see in dif-
ferent hives. The first requisite to suc-
cess is the honey source; .second, the
man, and appliances third. Most of
my bees are on the original Langs-
troth frame — the frame that Mr. L.
first presented in his book — nine inches
in the clear. I have six or eight api-
aries in ten-fram simplicity hives,
but prefer the larger size and eight
frames, as there is .iust as much comb
surface in the latter. Though this hive
v.'as not patented it was made so com-
plicated that no ordinaiT v-arpentei-
could make the mitered .loints. T have
never bought but one such hive from
the factory. W. E. C.

NEW^ ZEALAND.

Aparian Conditions in the Fair Isles Are Not
Satisfactory.

■By G. J. S. Small.

IN BEING allowed the privilege of
addressing the bee-keeping com-
munit.v of America, through the
columns of the American Bee-Iveeper.
I will endeavor to give an outline of
how the industry stands a^t the pres-
ent day. - ""'■^

In order that my readers will bo
able to follow and understand my
writings, I will ask them to thorough-
ly understand the map of Ncav Zea-
land, by which they will see '^hat the

countiy is divided into two islands
(North and South), and I may here say
that from the North Shore to the South
Shore we have temperatures ranging
from forty-five degrees in the South
to 90 degrees in the North, dunng sum-
mer.

That being so, we have a most fav-
ored country for bees. The bee-keep-
er can choose what temperature he
prefers, the kind of fiora he would like
his bees to gather honej^ from—
whether from the native bush, white
clover or both— with rainfalls and
fiora to add to one of the largest hon-
ey-producing countries of its kind in
the world.

Then comes the question, "What
makes New Zealand produce so little
honey? AVhat keeps the prices down?"
I will not treat on the last question in
these notes, leaving that for a proper
and separate threshing out; but I in-
tend to represent before you facts that
are too true to be passed by with a
smile, and hope that after reading
them my readers will not jump to the
conclusion that this country is no good
for bees. But it is not the bees. It
is the government. We have no State
associations, like other countnes. We
have (with one exception) \o bee-
keepers' associations to note our
rights, as there should be. We have no
bee jounaals, no way of advising and
teaching the "beginner" as to how he
should mana^ his apiary. Our gov-
ernment helps poultry farming, fruit
growing, vine culture and other indus-
tries, yet bee culture receives no aid
from the government, though equally
worthy and important; and since its
introduction, in 1843. it has had an up-
hill struggle, making but little ad-
vancement during the past twenty or
thirty years. Look back twenty years
on the past history of the honey bee of
our colony, and there we see the bee
lirospering. There were thousands of
acres of native bush upon whose fiora
the bees in their wild state sucked the
sweet nectar, thus laying up large
stores for winter use in the hollows of
trees. There did the early settler see
during the summer months dozens of
sw%'irms pass over his head man.v of
which he succeeded in catching; there
was to be seen in the back yard and
orchard of those early fathers some
ten. fifteen, twenty, fifty and eightj
hives of bees in all kinds of boxes, gir

l'J04.

11 IK AMERICAN BE^MvEF^PEU.

cases, and places Avhere it was possi-
ble to rake up a covering for the bees
and from which large returns of both
cash and honey resulted.

But what do we see nowV The
scene has changed, and changed for
the worse. If the present bee-keping
community is not awakened to a sense
of their duty and realize the fact that
our industry is sleeping, the hopes of
tiie few bee-keepers wlio still light on
against many obstacles will have their
hojies ci'ush,'ed to the ground, from
which they will never rise. I say the
scene is cnanged. Here we see the
land Avhich once was a dark, dense for-
est, turned to grassy pastures, upon
which white clover blooms to its utter
best; but where are the bees, those
pounds of honey? In many districts
they have passed out, Availe b\it a few^
hives are scattered here and there,
while very few who keep them
know that thir hives consist of
a queen, drones and workers. They
want the honey from their hives,
and to secure it means death to
the bees, xhe brimstone pit is dug,
and in this way hundi-eds of colonies
of bees ai'e killed annually, thus de-
creasing the bees of this country; and
people ask why the industry is not a
more prominent one

Reader, I say this sort of thing must
be stopped, the modern appliances in-
troduced; those candle, soap and
gin cases must be abolished, and a rev-
olution take place in the industry. Hun-
dreds in our country today live in per-
fect ignorance of the Langstroth hive.
Bee journals they have not seen. The
good results that follow this industi->'
they know not, ajid if this state of
things exists as at present, the bee m-
dusti'y of this country will in anothei'
fifty years be a thing of the past. Have
we not a way Oj. placing, within the
reach of every person who keeps his
two or three hives or his .fifty hives, a
way that will bring him in touch with
the leniding bee journals, the modern
system of bee farming, and pave the
way to success for him? I say that
way lies through unity.

The editor, in his intei'esting jour-
nal, points out my wail for associa-
tions, for the furthering of the indus-
try and raising of low price?,; and it
is union that will do it. rii,. ii,si;ocia-
tions of other counti-ies linve helper!
the industry, and it will do the same

here. If associations were formed,
their meetings would be kept before
the public. They would have as a
member he who carries the years of
an experienced bee-master, as well as
those who are entering into tne trade
and seeking advice. They would ob-
1a in practical lessons on the art of
managing a modern apiaiy. they
would become subscribers to bee jour-
nals, and so keep themselves posted
;u the now-a-day doings of other coun-
tries. They would 1)e helping to place
the industry on a level with other
countries.

Marton, New Zealand, Oct., 1903.

HONEY COMB.

Nature and Art Brought Into Comparison---Com-

mercial Foundation vs. Natural.

By W. W. McNeal.

OXK of the prime beauties of hou-
eycoml), wholly constructed by
the bees, is the wonderfully su-
perior supjiorting power. Erail and del-
icate to the eye as the flowers from
whence its burden of delicious sweet-
ness is derived, 'twould seem to be
inadequate to the purjioses for which
it was made. Delightfully fragrant,
crisp to perfection and white as the
driven snow; yet these very essential
qualities are not more desirable than
that of perfect freedom from all ten-
dency to sag. No amount of honey the
bees can ever store in it will cause it to
yield one particle. An overheated con-
dition of the hive will cause the comb
to melt down, or a sudden jarring of
the hive may breaiv the comb in two;
but it will not sag.

In the design of honeycomb there is
a radical departure from the principle
of construction employed in building
a uouse, wherein a perfectly upright
position of the walls gives the greatest
support to the sti'ucture ul)tainable.
Honeycomb beng a susi)euded struc-
ture, the cell Avails must necessarily
bp of such form or shape that
will give substantial support AA'hile
overcoming their o\ami tendency to elon-
gate, there must be an equal distribu-
tion of the Aveight of its lading, not
permitting any part or the comb
being taxed beyond endurance.
The embodiment of that feature —
which Ave do find to exist in honey-
comb— makes the sjscem a A'erv fit-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

ting one for the purposes of its crea-
tion. It is, therefore, a practical sys-
tem, too, and one that honey producers
cannot well afford to ignore in the use
of comb foundation. Taken in any
oilier way, tae power of the comb to
resist the specific gravity of honey is
greatly lessened.

There is not a vertical wall in the
make-up of honeycomb, even the sep-
tum that forms the bottom of the cells
is shaped to assist in overcoming the
tendency tn sag. The effect of ad.iust-
ing the conil) in all its parts so that
each wall will contribute in an equal
manner to the support of its neighbor,
makes the structure exceedingly
strong, and enables it to remain firm
and true under all conditions of nat-
ural usage. Now, in the manu-
facture of comb foundation, or
rather, in the manner of using it,
one-third of the cell walls are ver-
tical walls, thus breaking the sym-
metry of the comb and resulting in an
abnormal lengthening of those walls.
By losing their tiiie relationship with
the surrounding walls, chey no longer
possess the strength of the union of
all the walls, but that of a dividea
structure. The supporting power of
the comb is, therefore, no greater than
that represented by the vertical walls,
for nothing is stronger than its weak-
est part. The fact of the comb being
suspended in the hive positively for
bids the use of any plan or mode
of construction wherein a true vertical
line or wdll would form any part of
the comb. If you will get a sheet of
comb foundation and hold it up before
you in the manner in which it is cus-
tomarily used in the comb-frames, and
then turn it up the other way, you will
see the difference at once. By revers
Ing the order of construction as it ex-
ists in natural honeycomb, the rertlcai
walls of comb foundation serve best to
promote any tendency to sag that
combs built from refined wax m;iy
have.

I hardly think that bees ever ar-
range the size of the worker cells for
the rearing of drones. Were they
guilty of that misdemeanor under cer-
tain conditions, we should expect, at
least, to see them stick to the regula-
tion way of rearing their drone-brood
along the bottom edges of the comb
and not at the top, where honey is
supposed to have the right of way. But

since that feature is conspicuous by its
absence in hives of natural-buUt
combs, we conclude that the enlarged
cells in the upper half of combs built
from comb foundation are due to defi-
cient sustaining power of those combs.
However, bee-keepers would better
look into this matter fully, and ascer-
tain, if possible, to what extent the
sagging of comb lOundation is direct-
ly attributable to having departed, in
the manufacture of it, from the true
ai'chitectural style of honeycomb.

Commercial comb foundation saves
the bees much time in buildmg their
combs, for a tremendous large force of
them can begin the work of complet-
ing it, at the same time. This tends to
increase the yield of honey, but it
adds nothing to the quality of bonev.
Ready-drawn combs are even more
pernicious in that respect, for the
temptation to store raw or partialh-
ripened honey in them is, according-
ly, that much greater to the bees. The
results are that honey thus obtained
is not so wholesome, is not so easily
assimilated by the human s.ysteni, and
it will more surely i.,ianuiaie. 'the
natural process of building comb and
storing it with honey is more tedio'is
but it is necessarily so that the trnns
formation of nectar might be com
plete.

Yes, Brother John iiard,scrabblp. yov
are always buttin' in — always war
bling that ginger-butter-and-'lasses
melody of yours. Surel.v you must b(
subject to hallucinations more grievou
than a nightmare. I am really snr
prised that you made even a tolerably
fair guess as to my meaning whereii
I thought to state, p. 262, that I li:'(
observed that bees usually accomplish
ed more, when engaged in comb -build
ing, if they were free to extend th
combs downward instead of laterally
And I'll sandwich in the assertioi
right here that not only is a dowuwar<
course more favorable to a vigorou
prosecution of the work, but the bee
manifest more enthusiasm in the pei
formance of it. The picture of yr
and the "purps" is good; it is real cut
of you all. But I don't just like th
combination, Bro. John, for it sorte|!
instills into one's mind a suspicion tha
a man who is willin' to be caught wit
a bee-hive under one arm and a doH
under the other, is hunting trouble.

Now, in all sobriety, Bro. John.

l'J()4.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

flon't believe you ever saw a suow !.)all
in its native haunts, or you woulfl not
speak so disparagingly of frames
cleeper than the Langstroth foi' wiuler-
Ing bees. The old-fashioned straw
3k ep and its sister hive, the box hi /o,
is far superior to our modern hives for
the puri^ose named. That fact is r.o
plain that he that runs may read. Give
the box-hive colonies the same amount
ot protection that colonies in frauie-
[ilves usually receive and they will
make the others look like bumble-beei-'
Qests in comparison at tue opeiiiug of
the honey harvest. Yet, I would not
persuade anyone against his will in
this matter. I merely wish to point
out to the reader what I believe to be
the surest and cheapest way of se-
curing workers for the early bloom-
ing of the flowers. That which has
stood the test of centuries is no the-
ory, Deacon, and you will pardon me
for re-asserting the tuct herein.

If any of the advocates or shallow
hives don't know how to proceed with
the management of a big swarm of
bees in a box-hive at the opening of
the season, why don't he say so, and
not berate those hive conditions which
give him the largest number of neon
at a time of year they are of the
greatest possible value to him. The-
work of "driving" is so easily done
that swarms may be taken from box-
hives at the pi'oper time and hived in
shallow-frame hives wherein may be
had every facility for rapid dispatch.
comfort and art in the production of
honey. The swarms being returned
to the parent hives at the close of the
season gives one the best there is in
both systems — the old and the new.
However, let not any one dare to prac-
tice the method who is not willing to
be frowned upon by the progressive ( ?)
*■ element in this granu . "d honey pur-
suit.
Wheelersburg, Ohio, .Tan. 12, 1904.

FLIES, NOT B££S, ON CHRYSAN-
THEMUMS.

'Yeliow Blood'

Wholesale methods of matiug queens
with inexpensive apparatus and re-
quiring but a few bees, practically as
eimnclated for several years by
"Swarthmore." are becoming quite
general — more so, indeed, than the
name of the originator of the idea in
connection with discTissions of the
principle.

in Carnlola---Other Interesting
Facts.

By Frank Benton.

THE PLEASING picture on page
52 of the Bee-Keeper for March,
1904, caused me to smile at first
sight, not altogether because the pic-
ture was pleasing, bnt partly also at
the mistake of the editor, who had in-
serted the picture as an illustration of
"bees working on chrysanthemums."
The fact of the matter is, that even
the most indistinct-appearing of the
insects on the chrysanthemums can be
readily recognized as the representa-
tation of a fly and not a bee. There is
not among the whole lot a single bee!
The pose of each Insect, the manner
of spreading its wfngs, the short,
stumpy abdomen, the head, which
(viewed from the top) is slightly point-
ed, the probosis (wnere visible), and
the truncated lower portion of the
head (the .laws), as well as, in general,
the look or habitus of the whole insect,
stamp it at once as a ily of the fam-
ily Syrphidae. The picture was shown
to several entomologists here at the
Department, some of them workers in
tue groups involved, and all agreed
with me in calling the insects flies and
not bees. They are undoubtedly the
well-known drone flies, or chi-;\^santhe-
mum flies, the most common species of
which is Eristalis tenax, which Baron
Osten Sacken believes he has identi-
fied as the so-called Bugonia* of the
ancients, and which serves to explain
the supposed oxen-born bees of olden
times. All will recall the directions
given by Aristotle, Virgil and other
classic writers for the piT)ductio"i of
bees from the carcasses of domestic
animals. T(he name drone fly was
given to this insect because of its
great resemblance to the drones of onr
honey bees, and it has frequntly also
been called chrysanthemum fly, be-
cause it appears late in the seiison and
visits chrysanthemums freely for the
pollen furnished by them, the adults

*"On the so-called Bvigonia of the ancients,
and its relations to Eristalis tenax." By C.
R. Osten Sacken. Bullettino della Societa
Entomologica Italiana, Anno XXV, 1893.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

being pollen feeders. The fly is credit-
ed with effecting to a greater or less
degree the pollination of chrysanthe-
mum blossoms, and the plan of intro-
ducing it into countries where chrys
anthemums do not seed has been seri-
ously discussed.

A very curious belief exisis in the
province of Carniola. Aiistria, con-
cerning this fly. The old bee-keepei's
there state that the yellow which
constantly crops out in breeding those
bees is due to a cross between these
flies and the honey bees, the flies tak-
ing the place of our drones. Some of
these old bee-keepers have even told
me that they had this tale from their
grandfathers! I believe I quoted this
popidar belief some fifteen or moro
years ago in the- British Bee Journal,
when the question of yellow on Garni -
olan bees was under discussion. Somo
of tue correspondents of that journn!
had been disposed to think that tue
yellow of Carniolans was due to my
having introfluced eastern blood into
the province and mixed it in my
breeding of Carniolans. But this cur-
rent belief regarding the yellow of
the race is itself evidence that the
yellow had existed in the province long
before my own time or that of the old-
est people of this generation. Like-
wise my own explanation of how the
yellow element came to be mixed in
with the gray of the Carniolan riice,
namely; through the introduction ol
yellow bees from the provinces adja-
cent to Italy, should have been accept-
ed as evidence to clear me of the
above imputation.

But to return to our flies. A brief
explanation of how they breed may be
of interest. The eggs are laid in pu-
trescent matter and the larvae devel-
op where liquid or semi-liquid mate-
rial Is to be found. These larvae are
known as rat-tailed larvae, from the
fact that the posteiior segments of the
body are drawn out to form some-
thing which resembles a tail, and
which, in the aquatic life of this lar-
va, is useful to the developing insect.
as the breathing spiracles are located
in this extremity, and the larva can
therefore obtain air by leaving the
tip of the tail-like a]ipendange above
the surface of the liquid while the
body is imnierserl. The larvae, if ta-
ken out and dried, present a mouse-
gray appearance, and look very much
as would a mouse an inch long crouch-

ing with its feet folded under its body
the total length of the larva, includ-
ing its tail being about equal to this.
The mottled flies issue the latter part
of summer or early in autumn jtist as
the chrysanthemum blossoms are ap
pearing, and being pollen feeders these'
flowers the most available for them at
this season of the year, although they
likewise visit asters, goldenrod, etc.
The coppery or golden-yellow blotches
on the bodies of the adult drone flies,
together \vith their generally bulky
form and large heads, give them stich
a general resemblance to drones of our
honey bees, that many people have
been deceived by them.

Tiiose who were present at the fa-
mous Utter trial described in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture for 1900 and 1901,
will recall the fact that as a witness
for the National Beekeepers' Asscoia-
tion I brought with me a small case of
insects which the lawyers for the de-
fence passed to the witnesses on the
side of the prosecution to see whether
they cotild really identify bees when
placed side by side with insects of
simnar appearance, and the same box
was later passed to me when on the
witness stand. This case contained
workers, queens and drones of our
Apis mellifera, together with some of
the very drone flies which arc shown
in the illustration we have under dis-
cussion, and also some related flies.
The restilt of their introduction in the
trial was to east a reasonable doubt
upon the ability of the prosectition to
distinguish bees from true flies, and
therefore their ability to prove i)osi-
tively that bees were the cause of the
alleged damage. Thus these same
drone flies have at least in one in-
stance been of some use to bee-keep-
ing interests.

We can pardon the mistake in re-
gard to the i)icture on page ■>2 in con-
sideration of the frequency with which
these a^ues have been mistaken for '
bees, and the fact tnat some of the [
skilled bee-keepers who were also wit-
nesses at the Utter trial, when shown
(privatelv, before the trial) the case
of insects described above, did not suc-
ceed in avoiding mistakes in all in-
stances in the identiflcation of them
as bees or tflies.

United States Depai-tment of Agricul-
ture. Washington. D. C, March in,
1904.

1904.

rilH AMKKICAN BEK-KBEPEH.

WAX PRODUCTION IN ARGEN
TINA.

Transforming Cheap Honey Into the More Readily
IVIarketable Commodity.

Bj Adrian L.etaz.

CONSIDERING the low price of
dark extracted lioney and the
increasing value of the wax,
tne question of produciiis; wax instead
of honey has often bt'cn i-aised. The
last number of the Auiculteur con
tains a contribution of I'rof. Brunner
from Coixioba, Argentine Republic, in
which he describes the method he fol-
lows for producing wax in a locality
where the honey is quite dark and dif-
ficult to sell.

The hives used have 22 frames. 18x
11 inches and a super of same num-
ber of frames, only six inches deep.

Early in the spring, that is, as soon
as the weather is quite warm and no
more cold ^snaps are expected, all the
frames not having brood are taken out
and the combs melted. The wax is
sold and the honey kept for feeding. A
partition is inserted on each side o."
the brood, and the frames are cover-
ed with a cushion, the roof being con-
structed so as to leave room enough
for that purpose.

When the swarming season arrives
all the queens more tuan two years
old are replaced by some raised the
previous season, and wintered in their
nuclei. Two days later the frames
taken out arc returned to their hives.
Only one-half-inch starters are used.
A large feeder containing about 40
pounds of honey is placed on each hive,
and feeding is begun immediately and
kept up until the fall. As much as
the bees will take is given, no matter
whether there is any honey brought in
from the field or not. Every week the
combs are cut out from the frames
and melted and this process continues
until the fall, when the bees are al-
lowed to build up for the winter or
rather the ensuing year.

About the middle of the summer,
sooner or later, the l>ees refuse to
work any more on that principle. Then
the supers are put on, with only small
starters in the frames, and (what
looks singular to me) the bees resume.
work at once. Prof Brunner has fol-

lowed this method several years. It
takes, all told, G8 pounds of honey to
produce ten pounds of wax. The hon-
ey there (that is, the dark honey used
for that purpose), is worth (i cents per
pound and very hard to sell at that,
riie wax is worth .54 cents and sells
very readily. Furthermore, rhe bar-
rels or cans necessary for the honey
are quite high. The cost of vranspor-
tation is considerable, which malves
quite a difference in favor of the wax,
since there is less weight.

So under such conditions Prof. Brun-
ner finds a large profit in buying dark
honey from the farmers and turning it
into wax.

ADVANTAGE OF STRONG COLO-
NIES.

Mr. Pincot, one of the leading
French apiarists is in favor of keeping
the colonies as strong as possible, in
order to get the best crops of honey.
By that he means keep them strong
all the time. Not merely pushing
brood rearing for a few weeks be-
tween the end of the winter and the
lieginning of the honey harvest, and
then reducing brood rearing to save
a few pounds of honey; but he wants
brood rearing to be kept up throughout
the season, even if it is necessary to
feed.

He says that the amount of the
bi'ood raised is in proportion of the
number of bees present to take care
of it. no matter how prolific the queen
might be. and that if the colony is not
strong right at the openinc of the
spring, it will never get to its full
strength because on account of the in-
sufficient number of bees, the brood
rearing cannot be carried on to its full
capacity.

And he gives facts and figures in
support of his opinions. One of the
facts quoted is worth reproducing here.
One of his neighbors had seven
swarms within a few days, each
weighing four or five pounds. Mr.
Pincot asked liim. as an experiment,
to hive the last two together. The
man consented. The swarms hivea
singly, made their winter provisions
(about 35 pounds each) but no more.
The double swarm not only made its
provisions, but gave 90 pounds of
siirplus. Furthermore, the following
year (1903), the double swarm was

re

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April.

stronger than the others, and gave
much more suii)lus.

In his own apiary Mr. Pincot will
not hive a swarm singly unless it
weighs about 8 pounds. He does that
with both natural and artificial
swarms. — From the Rucher Beige.

Knoxville. Tenn., March 11. 1904.

RESULTS OF SOME EXPERI-
MENTS IN WINTERING.

By Arthur C. Miller.

I HAVE long contended that the
successful wintering of bees out of
doors was dependent on the con-
dition of the colony rather than on the
amount of protection afforded. I have
frequently enunciated the necessary
conditions as a populous colony of
young bees and an abundance of stores
supplied early enough to enable the
bees to properly ripen them and store
them as their instincts dictate. I base
my contentions on the results of many
years of extensive experiments, cou-
pled with a painstaking analysis oT
the results.

Last fall I started some experiments
along extreme lines, details of which
follow. Eighteen colonies were se-
lected, six of which were rather weak,
six medium and six strong. Some of
each type had an abundance of ripe
.stores, some had many of their combs
only partly filled and capped. All were
in unprotected hives, none uf them
having even the tarred paper wrapping
which I have advocated. All hives
were of the divisible brood cliamber
type, with frames five and one-half
inches deep. Some colonies had two
sections, some three and one had four.
To this latter I wish to call particular
attention. It was a Bingham type of
hive, with end bars of frames one-
fourth inch thick and side panels of
the same thickness, so the sole i)rotec-
tion afforded the bees was one-fourth
inch of pine wood. Also it should be
noted that the brood nest wa,s cut by
three of those "fatal, horizontal
spaces." The colony was a medium
good one, with plenty of ripe stores.

All hives had flat covers, some air
spaced, some with "paper and cloth"
top. All entrances were wide span, i
e., 14 inches by one-half inch. The
winter has been the worst on record,
and from the most relial)le soui'ces.

The temperature held low with hard-
ly a break, dropping at one time to 26
below zero and keeping close to zero
for a week at a time. Over five feet of
snow has fallen, but at no time did it
drift enough to protect the hives,
which are on stands a foot above the
ground.

Bees flew early in Decemoer and
not again until early In Maich, and
then only once for a snort time.

As to results: All of the weak col-
onies died, apparently froze to death;
which is to say, the clusters were too
small to maintain the necessary heat.
All the medium colonies succumbed,
some from starvation, some from diar-
rhoea. One of the oig colonies also
went from the latter trouble. Quite
a proportion of their stores were im-
sealed and the honey shows signs of
fermentation. The remaining five col-
onies are strong and healthy, and with
^In all but one case — honey enough
to carry them through until the new
crop. The colony in the Bingham hive
is in perfect condition. According to
most theories concerning bees under
such conditions they should have died
a most noisome death. But they
didn L.

From the results of the experiments
I am still more nrmly satisfied that
my theories, as to what constitute es-
sentials for safe wintering, are sound
and are fully supported by facts. But
I also believe that it is not the best
of economy to subject bees to such
extreme conditions for the consump-
tion of stores is too great. Had those
colonies been protected with tarred
paper, they would have been warmed
enough on the sunny days to have ma-
terially lessened the consujnption of
honey. I have observed that in my ex-
periments witn tarred paper.

To summarize: I believe we ma.v
safely and profitably dispense with ex-
pensive double walled hives and trou-
blesome packing and use any type of
single walled hive and a black wrap-
ping, provided we only piit into winter
quarters strong colonies, with sound
stores supplied early.

The experiment was costly, but it
paid.

Providence. R. I.. March 16. 1904.

I have taken a great interest in The
Bee-Keeper, and greatly enjoyed
reading it. 1^. J. Quantrell.

1904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 77

THE DICKEL THEORY. was quite natural for you to question

. my remarks on selfishness of bees, but

A Reply to Mr. Horn. if we are to advance in the study of

By F. Greiner. ^^^ 'if^ ^^ th® bee we must dig deeper

than we have heretofore. If we are to

ON PAGE 35 Mr. H. E. Horn says advance much farther in practical bee-

of the Dickel theory: "The im- keeping, we must needs first advance

portance of the theory lies per- in a knowledge of the causes of varl-

haps in the fact that true and absolute ous actions of bees. I will not mind

inbreeding becomes an easy possibiiiJ'y your criticsm at all if it serves to

no matter, .... etc." The promoter cause even one person to look deeper,

of the theory has never made any Professor Jacques Loeb's book on

claim in this direction so far as I am "Physiology of the Brain" (printed by

aware of. There is, of course, a closer John Murray, London) may be of as-

relationship between tlie queen and sistance to you in getting a new view

the drone of the same colony, if both of first causes. — Arthur C. Miller,

have the same father as »vell as Prov. R. I., U. S. A., Jan. 15th, 1904.

mother, than when both have only the ^j^ -^ ^ pleasure to merit the forego-

same mother m common, ami he one ■ j^^^^^. ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ American's

of the two has no father at all Otlu i^rfghtest students of apiculture We

erwise any one would meet with the .ventured to suggest that, with such

same ditticulties m accomplishing close ..j^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ enunciated in his arti-

inbreeding than when seen m the light ^j^ ^^ ^he American Bee-Keeper, Mr.

f^i i ^"^^" T •. . K Miller was "likelv to feel lonely."

The only way as I see it, to be ren- .j.^^^^^^ ^^, ^^ discourtesy. Lack of

sonably sure that a queen meets a appreciation is a penalty which must

drone of the same hive would be, to often be paid to genius. Deep thinkers

rear a queen so early in the season ^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ equanimity the

when there were no drones m the api- criticism of the vulgar mind. No, we

ary. The colony rearing the queen had not forgotten our Loeb. But when

would also rear a few drones, whic'i 1^^^^ has spoken, is it certain the last

the worker bees could do, from eggs ,,.^r^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^i^, j^^^ .^^ ^^ ^^j.

or very young worker lai-vae m the mal, "forced to orient itself toward the

hive. According to Dickel all eggs of g^urce of .stimulation," and led, with-

a normal queen are alike m every re, ^ut will of its own, either toward the

spect. This IS the whole gist ot the so^^ce of the stimulus or away from

Dickel theory. For the practi>-al bee- j^., must we, of necessity, see 'selfish-
^^.''^''': . ^t . "If t^rs nothing whether „ess-intensely personal aims, and re-

Dickel IS nght or Dzierzon, although I gardlessness of the happiness of oth-

M , '\f\ Tf'o^ V£^r^- ^J-s? Is breathing (which cannot be

Naples, N. Y., Feb. 29, 1904. avoided), an act of selfishness?

— Would not the term "self-love" be

<s-PT -PTQw-wpce nv -r-ppc: ^^^^^ appropriate: or must we, indeed,

SELFISHNESS OF BEES. j^g^ our old respect for the little in-

(From the Irish Bee Journal.) sect which has taught so many useful

Dear Sir — In the American Bee- lessons? We should be very pleased

Keeper for January, 1904, I note an ex- to have an expression of Mr. Miller's

tract from your paper, in which you views on this point, agreeing with him,

ask, "When did 'parental instinct' first as we do, that a knowledge of the

spell selfishness?" I might ask you to cause of the various actions of bees

define "parental instinct" and explain could but tend to further advances in

its cause. Perhaps I can help you. practical bee-keeping. — Ed.)

This "instinct" is the result of stimuli.

Under normal conditions a pai-ent ani- r,,, ,. ,

mal can no more avoid supplying its ^^® bee-keepers supply factory ot

young with food than it can avoid Gus Dittmer, :^gusta, Wis., was

breathing. But change these stimuli burned Feb. 20th. The hustling pro-

ever so slightly, and the fond, self-sac- prfetor. however, is probably taking

nficing parent calmly abandons its ' „ , ., ..

offspring or deliberately devours them. "^.^^^ ^^ ^" ^^^^^^'^ promptly by this

From the customary point of view, it time.

^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦M i-^^H-H- ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4*4MM

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

RUSSIA..

Illustr. Bztg. says this about bee-
keeping in Russia: It is frequently
said that the bee-keepers of Russia are
100 years behind the times, but this is
anything but true. There are many up-
to-date bee-keepers, many of them fav-
oring American methods and using
American hives. Five or six apicultural
journals disseminate knowledge as to
bee-keeping. Conditions for honey pi o-
duetion are more favorable in the
South and East than they are in Ger-
many, although there are sometimes
years of failure, as, for instance, 1903.
Editor Kandratjeff reports that bees
did not gather their winter supplies in
many places.

GERMANY.

'jx large portion of the German bee-
keepers cari-y on the business on a
small scale; if they did not they would
not put up with such implements as
we understand find ready sale among
them. One of these implemencs is de-
scribed and illustrated in the Deutsche
Btzg., viz.: a honey extractor without
can. It seems like a mere play thing;
during the time it is not in use as an
extractor it may be used as a flower-
stand. Their wax-presses may be
used as fruit-presses.

ABESSINIA.

It is said of Abessinia that honey is
as plentiful there as "dirt." Bees are
everywhere. Set up an empty hive and
in a week's time it will be occupied by
bees. It is an easy matter for the Abes-
sinians to find wild bees. A certaiii
bird of the size of a swallow, called
honey-bird, shows the way. The bird
is always rewarded by a piece of the
honey and brood. (From Praxis dev
Bzcht.)

"Make your own comb foundation
from pure German wax. This is im-
portant, and is the only guarantee to
get good serviceable foundation," says
Illustr. Btzg. (That speaks bad for
Germany.)

BELGIUM.
Soldiers receive in this country ra-
tions of honey during hot weather.
<Bienenvater.)

SCOTLAND.
The bee-keepers in Scotland, it is
said in Schleswig-Holstein Bztg., pre-
fer a honey-press to the extractor for
the reason that a large part of their
honey is gathered from the Erica, and
this honey is so thick, that it cannot
be extracted successfully. Bee-keep-
ers in many parts of Germany are sim-
ilarly situated. The only way to ob-
tain this honey is by heat or sque(.'z-
ing.

Worker-brood developed in cells with
a glass side, is what F. Ebster reports
in Leipz. Bztg. It came about accident-
ally. He had a single comb observa-
tion hive stocked up with a goo4 strong
nucleus colony. The hive was made a
little bit too wide, and yet not wide
enough to justify the bees in building
a second comb. They finally construct-
ed a half -comb, using the glass side as
the mid-rib. A part of the comb was
so constructed as to make the glass
Willi answer as one side of a cell or
cells. These cells were preferred by
the queen to those Avhich were built at
right angle against the glass. The
laying of the egg, the behavior of the
eggs before hatching, i. e., changing
their angle to the bases, the hatching
out of the larvae and the nursing of
them from beginning to end, then the
changes during the pupa stage, all this
could be easily and plainly watched.
The same hive with comb was used
several seasons, but after the second
season the process of development
could not well be seen on account of
the cocoons, which were left in the

I!.t04.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

cells, and the glass was scraped off
when the bees rebuilt the comb.

Some interesting questions are asked
by Ivellen in Leipz. Btzg., which are
not yet fully answei'ed. American bce~
Iceepers might take a hand in helping
to clear the mist.

First question: Why is it that bees
will live and work in the dark?

Second question: Queen-cells are
built perpendicularly, worker-cells and
drone-cells horizontally. What are the
reasons?

Third question: Why the shakin,:^
and vibrating of the abdomen of the
workers so often seen inside the hives?

Fourth question : How long can eggs
be kept in good condition?

Fifth question: Queenless bee.s, do
they prefer to construct queen < ells
over larvae or eggs?

Seventh question: Are the drones
reared from eggs laid by fertile woiii-
ers virile.

Eighth question: How much honey
i.s used up by the bees to produce
one pound of wax?

Alfalfa clover produces honey oiily
in certain sections in Germany. In
other parts the bees ignore ilie bloom
entirely.

top, keeping the bees quiet, and strik-
ing the combs as they are taken out.
It also keeps off whatever robJier bees
might try to pounce in. Tlie matter of
fuel is also discussed. I don't think
that the readei's of this paper would
be able to guess what fuel Mr. Cou-
terel prefers. It is nothing more or
less than cow-dung, well dried. I think
that in our Western States such fuel
is used for other purposes under the
name of buffalo chips. As a smoke
fuel it is used in a portion o'' I^'rance
(the Landes) in preference to all oth-
ers, though wood is plentiful there.
The smoke produced is abundant, ef-
fective, and has the advantage of not
affecting the eyes of the operator —
From the Revue Eclectique.

The application of warm honey
three times each day for four succes-
sive days is said to cure caked bag in
new milch cows. — Die Bieae.

FRANCE.

Mr. Conterel, the apiarist of Model
Apiary of Barbast (France), prel'ers
the automatic smoker to the ordinary
one. The one invented by Mr. De Lay-
ens, he thinks, is the best. Perhaps
some of the readers of this paper do
not know exactly what is nn^aiit by
an automatic smoker. It is an instru-
ment with a compartment for the fuel
and another with a clock movement.
The clock movement runs a fan which
does the blowing. The blo>ving is not
very strong, but continuous. One wind-
ing runs the movement half an hour.
The instrument is placed on a corn-T
of the hive (after the cover is of!:) and
blows the smoke horizontallv over the

A question recently discussed in the
European bee papers was the influence
of the heat on the production of wax
and general welfare of the colonies.
To arrive at something defirite the
Apicultural Society of the Meuse re-
quests its members to expe'iment on
the subject. Five prizes of twenty,
sixteen, twelve, eight and four dol-
lars are offered to those who will make
the best and most conclusive experi-
ments. The lines to be followed are
to compare hives of oi'dinary construc-
tion (single walls) with what we
would call here chaff hives. The walls
of these must be four inches thick.
The supers and covers must also be
constructed on that principle. Either
permanent pacKing, or outer cases
with movable packing can be used.
The two classes of hives are to be sub-
divided. Some will receive only start-
ers, others sheet of foundation, and
others ready-built combs. All will be
worked for extracted honey. It is re-
quested that enough supers shall be
added (if necessary) so the bees will
not have to slack or stop work for lack
of room. One of the objects in view Is
to ffnd out if it would be more profit-
able to melt the combs than to return
them to the bees, considering the in-
creasing A^alue of the wax. The pro-
duction of comb honey is not consider-
ed as in Europe the difference of price
between comb honey and extracted
honey is very small. — From the Revue
Eclectique.

80

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.
ITALY.

April,

3

4

3

2y2

9

9%

IVa

3

iVs

1%

3

3

0

7

12

141/2

21-22 24-25

19

24

In the Apicoltore, Mr. Th. Marre publishes the following table concerning
the growth of the bees:

Queens. Workers. Drones.

Age of the eggs (in days) when they hatch usually . . 3 3 3
Under exceptional circumstances, when the heat is insuf-
ficient 8-10

Numbers of days during which the larvae received a first-
class jelly 5

Number of days during which they receive coarse jelly None
Total time betu^een the deposition of the eggs and the

time the eggs are sealed 8

Time spent by the larva/e to spin its cocoon 1

Time of apparent rest 1

Time of ti-ansformation into nymph 3

Time of transformation of the nymph into j)erfect insect 3

Total number of days spent in the cell 8

Duration of development from the laying of the egg to
the time of emerging from the cell under ordinary-
circumstances 16

In very favorable circumstances 151/2

Under adverse circumstances, chieiiy the lack of suffi-
cient heat or too small population 22 26

Age at which the worker begins to fly before the hives, counted in

days from ...e hatching, or I'ather emerging from the cell 4-7

Age at which she begins to gather nectar under ordinary circumstances 13-16

When forced to do so by want of honey or old bees 5-8

Time for the queen to attain perfect maturity after she has emerged

from the cell

Her age when she goes out to mate, in the spring of the year

In the fall

Time between mating and beginning of laying under ordinary circum-
stances

Time between the issuing of the first swarm and the going out of the

young queen to mate 10-13

Time between the sealing of the first queen cell and the issuing of the

first swann 1-2

Time between the issuing of the first and second swarms 8-11

Between the second and third 3

Between the third and fourth 1-2

Some of the above figures have nerver been given before, as far as I know.
Others are slightly different from those generally admitted.

28

1-2
4-6
6-7

2-3

Millwood, X. Y., March 12, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

The winter of 1903-'04 will go down
in history as the most severe in recent
years. As to its pfFer-ts upon the honey
bee, it will be soon found out by a
great many, to their great surprise and
disappointment. Fully one-half of the
colonies of nearly every apiary in this

vicinity are dead, and in a great many
others the results are even worse, t
have lost sixty per cent, of my bees.
Upon making a thorough examination
I find the frames well stocked with
bees and a bountiful supply of honey.
They seem to be frozen to death in
great clusters between the frames.
The bees are mostly kept in sheds made
so as to open to the south, which af-
fords shelter from storms and also
cold winds. H. Augustus Haight.

Hopkinton, Iowa, INIarch 8, '04.
Editor Bee-Keeper: As bees in this
part of the State are mostly all win-
tered in-doors they have escaped the

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

81

severe Aviiiter so tar, aud I think tlie
winter losses will be small.

Warren H. Winch.

Angleton, Tex., March 8, 1904.

Editor Bee-Keeper : — Enclosed find
35 cents for a trial suscriptiou to The
Bee-Keeper. I liked the sample copy
very much.

Bees in this part of the country are
in very good condition, for this time of
year. (Plenty of pollen and some honey
are coming in, and brood-rearing is go-
ing oi"ward at rapid rate. J. D. Yancy.

Salina, I. T., March 8, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

Dear Sir — We've had a very mild
winter — no snow. Bees never winter-
ed better. Loss will not exceed one
per cent. Needing rain.

J. T. Hairston.

Leota, Miss., March 21, 1904.
I report that my bees wintered well
on their stands. I went into winter
quarters with 146 colonies. I inspect-
ed every colony the first week in
March and found brood in every col-
ony except three. Tuo. Worthington.

I had gotten them thoroughly aroused.
I hope the Cyprians of the present day
are not as vicious as ttiose of twenty
years ago; yet if pure, I snould expect
little change in them, if no one ever
handled the bees but myself, I should
not object &» seriously to their sting-
ing; yet I cannot say I enjoyed it by
any means. L. B. Smith.

Di^ACON HAKDSCRABhLE DEAD.

Rescue, Tex., March 20, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper :

Having noticed a request in the
March number of The American Bee-
Keeper to those having had experience
with Cyprian bees to report as to ami-
ability, viciousness, etc., 1 will say:
Away back in the oO's, when the Cy-
prians were first imported to the Uni-
ted States by D. A. .Tones and Frank
Benton, I sent to B. F. Carroll, of
Dresden, Tex., and got some queens
of the "new races." They proved such
wonderful workers in my hands I set
to work and Cyprianized my small api-
ary, then of about twenty^five colonies
of black and Italian bees. They prov-
ed to be extra good "vorkers with me,
but were the most vicious bees I ever
had anything to do with. So after try-
ing them for three years, I reluctantly
gave them up. I admit, I hated to part
^with them, as I found them the best
of honey gatherers, great breeders,
and, in fact, I believe they were just
suited to this hot, drouthy climate of
Texas; but their extreme vicious dispo-
sition was too much tor me. On sev-
eral occasions my wife had to keep
the doors of our house closed for half a
day at a time to keep them out, when

The Deacon's Last Portrait.

The last of the series of Hardscrab-
ble letters, which have been so popular
with our readers during the past two
years, appeared in our February issue.
The following brief note explains their
non-appearance recently:

American Bee-Keeper: — Uncle John
died Jan. 27th. He thoughl a heap
of The Bee-Keeper. I will send his
last picture — taken in October.

Eben Hardscrabble.

82

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

Terms.

Although we carefully mall The
Bee-Keeper each month to each sub-
scriber on oiu" list, copies are some-
times lost in the mails. Reports of any
such instance addressed to the Florida
oifice Avill have careful and immedi-
ate attention.

April.

The Pennsylvania State organiza-
tion of bee-keepers is progressing very
satisfactorily to the promoters.

The breeder must have thorough-
bred stock, but the number and color
of bands count for nothing in the api-
ary worked for a honey crop.

One of the most extensive bee-keep-
ers in America recently remarked: "I
have never known foul brood to flour-
ish where bees had access to salt."

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising: Rates.

X' if teen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two iser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the loth of each month to insure inser-
tion the month following.

Matters relating to business may be ad-
dressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
Fort Pierce, Fla., or Jamestown, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department should be ad-
dressed to the Florida office.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
you owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your early attention.

The Board of Health of San Francis-
co, Calif., is in pursuit of the honey
adulterators who have been plying
their nefarious schemes in that cit5^

'The Rocky Mountain Bee Journal
has enlarged to twentj'-four pages and
cover and increased its subscription
price from 50 cents to .$1.00 a year. It's
worth it.

The Review says a New York bee-
keejier has devised a means whereby
swarming preparations may be recog-
nized without opening the hu^e; and
the scheme is to be patented.

The Pacific States Bee Journal says:
"W. H. Pain, of Honoiulu, H. I., pro-
duced 300,000 pounds of extracted hon-
ey from 200 colonies of bees, last sea-
son." That's not so bad — an average of
three-fourths of a ton per colony (?").

In this number we are pleased to
present pictures of the Coggshall Bro-
thers, of Groton, N. Y. W. L. is seen
at the right and David H. at the left
in the picture. The photo was taken
last January, near the apiary of the
.writer, in Florida, as the gentlemen
were investigating local apicultural
resources. In connection with the ar-
ticle relative to Mr. Coggshall's apicul-
tural cai'eer also published in this is-
sue, we think this picture will prove
of exceptional interest to our readers.

1904. THE AMERICAN

PUSHING. PLUCKY AND PRO-
GRESSIVE BEE-KEEPERS.

In our Februaiy issue we published
the full text of Ohio's new foul btuocl
bill, an outgrowth of the agitation ef-
fected by the Hamilton County Bee-
Keeperes' Association, and which was
drafted by A. E. Painter, Esq., of <Jin-
cinuati, and presiented by Representa-
tive D. R. Herrick.

The Hamilton Association is fortun-
ate in the possession of several emin-
ently capable gentlemen, not in mat-
ters pevtaining to bees alone but in

BEE-KEEPER.

83

ed faithfully for the Herrick bill.

Beginning from the left to the
right: First, Mr. R. L. Curry, one of
the pioneers in Hamilton county bee-
keeping. Mr. Curry has been a bee-
keeper for the past forty years, is well
versed in science, and has faith in the
■NI'Evoy treatment for foul brood,
which time aad again he has put to a
severe but successful test.

The second, Mr. C. H. W. Weber, of
formalin gas fame.

'/'C/ir-

. V

1

f.

1

iJLc Keepers at tlie (Jhio Capital.

affairs relative to the science it gov-
ernment and the somewhat mysccri-
ous realm of law. They are progres-
sive and energetic wrokers in every
cause deemed worthy of their eirort,?.
and there is no doubt that tlie nlti-
mate results of their labors in behalf
of apiarian matters in Ohio wiil be in-
valuable to bee-keeping interests of
that State. Of such is composed the
little group herewith presented, whioh
waited upon the agricultural commit-
tee of the House of Representacivef*
at Columbus, Feb. 4, and there labor-

A. E. PAl-XTEK, ESg.
The scholarly attorney, of Cincinnati, who
drafted the new Foul Brood Bill.

The third, Mr. John C. Frohliger, the
orator of the little crowd, an able bee-
keeper and a queen breeder of no little
note.

The next, Mr. D. R. Herrick, republi-
can representative of Hamilton coun-
ty, and a counsin of the present gov=
ernor of Ohio. By the way, Mr. Her-
rick is an able bee-keeper, years ago
having been a queen-breeder. He had
the misfortune to lose liis bees by foul
brood.

84 jj THE AMERICAN

The fifth is Mr. E. P. Rogers, a man
who can talk to the point, and is a
good counselor.

At the extreme right is seen Mr.
Fred W. Muth, the wholesale honey
dealer and tireless toiler for beedom's
cause.

At this writing the bill has passed
the house of representatives without a
dissenting vote, and is now in the
hands of the agricultural committee of
the senate. Definite information as to
its fate will be obtainable within a
few days.

BEE-KEEPER. April,

advises us that he has had in charge
900 colonies situated near Bermeja,
from which he has taken this season
ten thousand gjallons of honey and
1,100 nuclei. It is conceded, however
that the Cuban crop is very short.

Bee-keepers frequently report hav-
ing secured "thi'ee-fourths," "one-half,"
'"one-third" or "one-fourth" of a crop
of honey. Yet no one ever seems so
fortunate as to get a "crop an^a a half."
How much is a "full crop?"

The Southland Queen reprints Mr.
Poppleton's article from The Bee-
Keeper, on "Bee Paralysis," and er-
roneously credits it to Arthur C. Mil-
ler. The Queen appears to become
badly "mixed" when it undertakes o
do or say anything in regard to this
particular malady.

The picture of "Bees Working on
Chrysanthemums." shown on page 52
of our last issue, has elicited a number
of interesting comments from our
studious readers, and we have pleas-
ure in presenting in this number an
explanatory letter from Prof, Benton,
upon the subject. When attention is
called to the distinguishing points, the
difference is quite apparent, indeed,
e^ en in a picture, though the general
appearance is that of black bees
clambering hastily over the flowers,
rather than "working." Mr. Arthur
C. Miller, of Rhode Island, was the
first to detect the "flies" and report.
We do not know whether Apis melli-
fera is ever found upon chrysanthe-
nuims, or not; though we believe some
of the apiarian writers have reported
that they sometimes are. May be it
was Dr. Miller.

If the past severe winter proves dis-
astrous to bees throughout the North-
ern States, as appears probable, and
but slight or no competition from
Cuba and California, as a result of the
short crops there secured, this season,
it will behoove those having bees to
make the best of opportunities. Pres-
ent conditions indicate a ready mar-
ket for the crop of 1904.

A NEW BEE JOURNAL.
The apiarian craft is to have a new
organ, due to appear this month. It
is to be published by W. H. Putnam,
River Falls, Wis., and will be known
as the Rural Bee-Keeper.

Mr. E. M. Storer, an old Florida bee-
keeper who has been operating during
the past two or three years in Ja-
maica and Cuba has returned to the
Florida coast and purchased another
apiary. Notwithstanding the recent
reports of the entire failure of the Cu-
ban honey crop this year, Mr. Storer

HONEY AND BEESWAX MAR-
KETS.

Buffalo, March 10.— Buffalo honey
market has been very unsatisfactory
all winter, and continues so; yet a lib-
eral amount can be sold at low prices.
The suppl.y is moderate and the de-
mand, is more so. We quote our market
today as follows: Fancy comb, 12 to
13 cents; other grades 7 to 10 cents. Ex-
tracted, in light demand at 5 to 7 cents.
Beeswax, 29 to 30 cents.

Batterson & Co.

Milwaukee, March 10. — The demand

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

is not all that we would desire. It New York, March 10. — The supply-
should improve, and we think as of honey is very large for this time of
spring opens it will. Supply is very year, while the demand is very quiet.
good. We quote today: Comb, 11 to We quote our market today: White
lo cents, as to quality and quantity, comb, 12 to 14 cents; dark, 9 to 19
Extracted, bbls., 6 to G 1-2 cents; cans, cents. Extracted, 5 to 6 1-2 cents.
(5 1-2 to 7 1-2 cents. Beeswax, 28 to 39 Beeswax , 29 to 30 cents.
cents. A. V. Bishop & Co. Hildreth & Segelkeu.

Cincinnati, March 4. — The demand
for honey is somewhat brighter than ^ . _- , a r* t

it was in the past sixty days. We con- CCnt=3.= WOrU LOlUlllII.

tinue to offer Amber Extracted in bar-
rels at 5 1-2 to 6 1-2 cents, according
to quality. White clover extracted is
a drag on the market at 6 1-2 to 8 cents
in barrels and cans. Comb honey
seems to be reviving at 13 1-2 to 15
cents for fancy. Beeswax is wanted at
30 cents per pound delivered here.
The Fred W. Muth Co.

The rate is uniformly one cent for each
word each month ; no advertisement, however
small, will be accepted for less than twenty
cents, and must be paid in advance. Count
the words and remit with order accordingly.

Kansas City, March 14. — Ph^e de-
mand for honey is somewhat limited,
while the supply is large. We quote
our market today as follows: Fancy
comb and No. 1 comb, .$2.25 per case;
choice, $2.00. Extracted, white, 6 to
6 1-2 cents; amber, 5 1-2 to 6 cents.
Beeswax, 30 cents. There is not much
change in the honey market, but we
believe the demand will pick up to a
certain extent soon. Would not be
surprised to see a good market next
month. C. C. Clemens & Co.

Chicago, March 8.— It is difficult to
get more than 12 cents per pound for
any lot of white comb honey, with
sales chiefly at 11 cents; even at this
price it does not work off as fast as
owners wish it would. Selections in
the most desirable grades bring a lit-
tle higher price in small quantities.
Off grades sell at 1 to 2 cents per pound
less. Extracted honey plentiful and
slow of sale. White brings 6 to 7
cents; amber 5 to 6 cents according to
quality and style of package. Bees-
wax active at 30 cents per pound.
R. A. Burnett & Co.

WILL EXCHANGE Miller's Early Raspberry, $8
thousand, Rathbun Blackberry Tips, fiS.OO,
Transplants, $37.50, Photographic Outfit, $42,
for Gregg Raspberry Tips, $10,00, inspected.
Sweet's Nursery, Swanton, Md.

Toronto, Can., March 19.— The sup-
ply of honey is abundant. The demand
is onfy tair. We quote our market to-
day as follows: Comb, .$1.50 per dozen
on the average. Extracted, 6 to 8
cents according to quality. Beeswax
30 to 32 cents. We find the retail mar-
ket vei-y fair, but not much demand
for large wholesale lots.

B. Granger & Co.

FOR SALE — A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com-
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $3.00,
will sell with leather case for J.?.. "50 cash.
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N.
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost }fl50, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for ^25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress .T- Clayborne ^lerrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED— To exchange six-month's trial
subscription to The American Bee-Keeper
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Address,
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

LEOTA APIARY.— Pure honey for sale at
all times. Thos. Worthington, Leota,
Miss. 4t

"Today my inmost soul was stirred;
I saw the crocus from the ground
Burst, like a little flame, and heard
The wandering bluebird's trumpet
sound.

"The heat of life is in the air.

And recreated summer swings

Her first faint odors here and there,

To lure the bee's adventurous wings."

When writing to advei-tisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

GEO. J. VANDE VORD, DAYTON A, FLA.
Breeds choice Italian queens early. All
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfaction
guaranteed .

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^« (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.) Golden
yellow. Red Clover and Camiolan queens, bred
from select mothers in separate apiaries.

THE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY, BEE-
1 VILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Carniolan,
Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded Italian
queens. Write for our low prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed..

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.. sends
J out the choicest 3-banded and golden Italian
queens that skill and experience can produce.
Satisfaction guaranteed. No disease.

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
ShefKeld, England . 4

1 B. CASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has fine
J • golden Italian queens early and late. Work-
ers little inclined to swarm, and cap their honey
very white. Hundreds of his old customers stick
to him year after year. Circular free.

CWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTHMORE,
•^ PA. Our bees and queens are the brighest
Italians procurable. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Correspondence in English, French, German and
Spanish. Shipments to all parts of the world.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
• Superior stock queens, $1.50 each; queen
and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for only $2.00.

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO., (John
W. Pharr, Prop.) BERCLAIR, TEXAS, ia
breeding fine golden and 3-banded Italian and
Carniolan queens. Prices are low . Please write
for special information desired.

M CORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

CLONE BEE CO., SLONE, LOUISIANA.

■^ Fine Golden Queens, Leather-Colored Ital

ians and Holy Lands. Prices low.

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ed in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing the
industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c.

Address,

THE DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

American

BEE

Journal

16 - p. Weekly.

Sample Free.

JJ®" All about Bees and theif
profitable care. Best writers,,
Oldest bee-paper; illustrated.
Departments for beginners)!
and for women bee-keepers.

QEORae W. YORK & CO.

144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago,Ili,.

SH/NE/

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestowni
N. Y., makes a Shine Cabinet, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best — ?nd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the ve"a»i
tious searching after these articles which isi
altogether too common. A postal will bringi
jou details of this and other good things.

THE FLORIDA BEE
BRUSH

An implement of unusual merit and the nov-
elty of the season in apiarian supplies. The
best brush for bees ever placed upon the
market. For sale by supply dealers.

The Rural Bee-Keeper

is the uame f a new monthly publica-
tion devoted to the interest of bee-keep-
ers. A foreign travels department
lends an added interest, and the wo-
men's department will interest ma as
W€il as pa.

Sample copy free.

W. H. PUTNAM

tf

River Falls,

W

isconsin

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER
J' J-l^ FLO:i(DA J- J-

Located in the Heart of the Gel-
eorated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er, Fort - ierce is the largest and
most impoitant town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in eveiy issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. tfv

The News, Fort Pierce, Fla.

Salzer's

National Oats

Oreatest oat of tl.o century.

Yielded in UK.i iu OLiio 187,

In Mich. 2J1, in Mo, 255, and in

N. Dakota 310 bus. per acre. You

can beat that record iu 1904 I

For 10c and this notice

we mail you free lots of farm seed
f'amples and our biLC catalog, tell-
ing all about this oat wonder and
thousands of other seeds. A

JOHN A. SALZER SEED CQ.^IJJI)
La Crosse,
F. Wis.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 29 cents cash or 31 cents
in goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once.
Prices sul^ect to change without notice.
TH E VV. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

CLUBCIXG LIST.
We will send The American Bee-Keeper
with the —

Price Both

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal $.50

What to Eat 1.00

Bee-Keeper.s' Review 1.00

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00

Gleanings in Bee Culture l.OO

.American (Jueen 50

The American Boy 1.00

Irish Bee Journal 35

Poultry News 25

$.78
1.00!
1.39
1.3
1.3
.60
1.00

.ea

PINEAPPLE CULTURE

If you are located in the World Famed Pineapple Belt of the Indian River — is
very profitable in South Florida.

I have an excellent list of the most desirable properties suitable for the culti-
vation of either pineapples or oranges, on the river, both improved and unim-
proved,

OUR CLIMATE IS UNEXCELLED ANYWHERE ON EARTH.
If yq(u want a winter home, a pineapple farm or an orange grove in Florida I
should be pleased in assist any reader of The Bee-Keeper in consummating the
wish. Write, or come and see me.

JA^IES E. ANDRESVS, Fort Pierce, Florida

A Novel Premium

They subsist wholly upon air. No earth retiuired, only
an occasional sprinkling of water is necessary. We
will send a nice Air Plant free to anyone favoring us
with two new subscribers to The Bee-Keeper, for
one year.

♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦^♦^^♦♦4-

TO OUR

FREE

SUBSCRIBERS

THE GREAT

AMERICAN
FARMER

OF INDIANAPOLIS^ IND.,

X One of the leading agricultural journals of the nation, edited by an
able corps of writers.

This valuable journal in addition to the logical treatment of all

agricultural subjects, also discusses the great issues of the day, there-

^ by adding zest to its columns and giving the farmer something to think ^

"/^ about aside from the every day humdrum of routine duties. ^

FOR A LIMITED TIME t

By special arrangement with the publishers we are enabled to offer
all Bee-Keeper readers the American Farmer one year absolutely free.

TWO FOR THE: PRICE OF ONE

Every new subscriber who sends us fifty cents to pay for" The
Bee-Keeper one year may also have the American Farmer, without
extra charge. Every old subscriber who pays up in full and one year
in advance is also entitled to a year's subscription to the Farmer.

YOl ARE INVITED TO TAKE IMMEDIATE ADVANTAGE OE THISLOFFER

ADDRESS :

The American Bee= Keeper

Falconer, New York

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTURAL MONTH-
LY IN THE UNITED STATtS Jt^^^^^^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

I Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For Toe. we will mail yo(u the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

FARM

& tf.

UND HAUS

BLUFFTON, OHIO.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Litliia-Sulprmr Water ;iud Mud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, Skin and
Blood Diseases, Constipation, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and Bnely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, t^lectric Li'.ihts, Hot aud Cold Water
on eaeh lloor. Rates includine; Room, Board,
Mud Baths, Lithla-Sulphur Witter Baths and
Med III. 50 aud

$3.00 a dav. according to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are
the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Langstroth Portico Hives and Stnndard Honey-Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
same.

Book orders for Golden Italians, Ked Clover and Carniolan Queens; for
prices refer to my catalog.

C. H. W. WEBER

Office and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave. ^ w IV T/^ | XT IVT A 'X' I f\ |-| I /~\
Warehouses-Freeman and Central Aves. wli>^li>i>/\Ii, UniW*

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos precios en to
da clasc de articulos para Apicultores.
Nucstra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmcnas, Ahumadores
para Colmcnas, Extractorcs, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo solicitcn. Dirija-

nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, ,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Cor,
itf Nashville, Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

sho". ' have a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written er
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just ou'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years
Editor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by
mail 2S cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

^^L lire, proeresRire, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
year for B.')C. Apply to any first-claas dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO,, HiB»iM».ue, m..

The Eecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England,

R. J. Fi.NLEY, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

Ojie copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interesteo, aon t fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

R. J. FINLEY,

'' MACON , MO.

To gubtcrlbem of
THE AMERICANBEEKEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We WUl Send The

Country
Journal

to any tddress In the U. S. A., one
year for 10 cents, proTlding you
mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treat* on
Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the beat pa-
per printed for tlw price.

Address,

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.

2tf

W. B: VAUGiHAN

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

Agent for The W. T. Falconer Mfg.

Go's.

BEE=KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jy-4 Catalogue free.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

■~~— ~'"^"'~""'~~^~ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, - KENTUCKY.

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription, .... 50 Cents a Year.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

Al»\ KltTISING RATKS ON APPLI-
CATION.

50 YEARS'
EXPERiENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights Slc.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
*julckly ascertain our opinion fpoe whether an
Invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly conBdential. Handbook on Patents
sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents.
- Patents taken through Munu & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Hmerican.

A. handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific Journal. Terms, 13 a
year : four months, $1. Sold ty all newsdealers.

MUNNiCo.^eiBroadway. New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

When writing to advertisers mention
'JJip Aiuericiin Bee-Keeper.

National Bee-Keepers' Associatioa,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 ■ Year.

N.E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wig.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

Clubbing Offers

Here Is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as good, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. J. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

BEEKEEPERS

INSIST ON

LEWIS

SEND FOR NEW
CATALOQ FOR 1904

GOODS

68

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

WATERTOWN, WIS., U. S. A.

FIGHTING ROOSTERS

Mystify and amuse your
friends. These are two gen- ;
nine game roosters with |
feathers, they fight to a
finish, and are always ready
to fight. The secret of their
movements i8 only known to
the operator. Will last a life- *i<
time. 10c per pair, 3 for 25c,
postpaid. Address

ZiiWO SUPPLY COMPANY

Indianapolis

BOX J.

Indiana

I

ROOT'S GOODS

QUALITY— They are made from good materials. You
are never disappointed and disgusted by receiving
goods inaccurately cat, and roughly made, from
inferior stock.

(^* e^* t^* «^^ ^* ^* ^^

INTERCHANGEABLENESS — This accuracy with
which goods are made allows a customer to order
goods year after year, and each lot will fit the
others as new parts fit in repairing an Elgin watch.

^t ^f <^ ^f «^ «^ «^

PROMPTNESS- —With our immense manufacturing
facilities, the adoption of standard goods, and the
establishment of agencies and branch-houses
throughout ihe various parts of the country, we
can get grodb to you with wonderful promptness.

(^ e^ e^ «^ <^ e^ «^

COST— -No goods of like quality are sold at lower prices
than we sell them, while the shipping of them in
car lots to the branch houses and agencies, allows
the customer to get them at factory-prices within
a short distance of hib home. Send for a catalog,
and li t of dealers, and save freight and time by
ordering: from your nearest dealer.

The A. L Root Co,

Medina, Ohio

I n ,

r''! ;,t the Posioffice, Fort Pierce, Fla.. ns second-class mail matter.

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL=
JURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

promptly obtained OR NO FEE. Trade-Markj,

I Caveats. Copyrights and Labels registered.

I TWENTY YEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.

I Send model, sketch or photo, for free report

Ion patentability. All business confidential.!

1 HAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells

How to Obtain and 8eU Patents, What Inventions

Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best

mechanical movements, and contains 300 other

inbjects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO. aK,,

790 F Street North, WASHINGTON, D.C^

BARNES'

Foot Power Macbinery.

This cut represent! our
Combined Machine, which
IS the best machine mad«
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., RockforiLlll.

My Breath.

Shortness of Breath
Is One of the Com-
monest Signs of
Heart Disease.

Notwithstanding what many physic-
ians say, heart disease can be cured.

Dr. Lilies' Kcw Heart Cure has per
manently restored to health many
thousands wl.o had found no relief In
the mediclne.s (allopathic or homoeo-
pathic) of re-ular practicing physicians.
It has proved itself unique in the his-
tory of medicine, by being so uniformly
successful in curing those diseases.

Nearly always, one of the first signs
of trouble is shortness of breath. Wheth-
er it comes as a result of walking or
■ running up stairs, or of other exercises.
If the heart is unable to meet this extra
demand upon its pumping powers — ^there
is something wrong with it.

The very best thing you can do, Is to
take Dr. Miles' New Heart Cure. It
will go to the foundation of the trou-
ble, and make a permanent cure by
strengthening and renewing the nerves.
"1 know that Dr. Lliies' New Heart
Cure is a great remedy. For a number
of years I suffered from shortness of
breath, smothering spells, and pains In
my left side. For months at a time I
would be unable to lie on my left side,
and if I lay flat on my back would nearly
smother. A friend advised using Dr.
Miles' New Heart Cure, which I did
with good results. I b-g-an to improve
at once, and ai'ter taking several bottles
of the Heart Cure the pains in my side
and other symptoms vanished. I an:
now entirely well. All those dreadfu.
smothering spells are a thing of th(
past."— F. P. DRAKE, Middletown, O
If the first bottle does not help you
I the druggist will refund your money

itHiffiiipm

The only Pipe made

that cannot he told

from a cigar. Holds

a large pipe full of

tobaccu and lasts for years. Agents' outfit and a 25-cent satupU

by mall for lOe., and our~Big Bargain Catalog Free. Address,

ZENO SUPPLY CO., JOPLIN, MO-

A Boon
For

Pooltrj Keepera

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our

own method, fully explained in

our IlluMtrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keepers' Aoe't and Kits Record showing
gains or losses every month for one year. W orlh 2.'^
I'ts, sent to you for 1 Oc. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers with your order. Address,
U. S. VIBliERT. I*.B. 36, ("linlonville. <'()nn

T?"PTr'TP Write to us for Free fria
£ HtlUili Package of Dr. Miles' Anti-
Pain Pills, the New Scientific Remedj
for Pain. Also Symptom Blank. Oui
Specialist will diagnose your case tel
you what is wrong, and how to right It
Free. DR. MILES MEDICAL CO.

LABOHATORIES. EI^KHART, INI

"We h.-jve an avvfu! appetite for orders."
The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.
l'.ec-keepers' Supplies Jamestown,' N.

Send us your name and address for a cata
logue.

The subscription price of the ROCK
MOUNTAIN BEE JOURNAL is 50 cent
We will send it with THE BEE-KEEPE
one year for only 75 cents.

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER JVIANFG. CO.,

JMMEISTOWNi, N. Y.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER
J. J. IN FLORIDA ^ ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
eui-ated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded bj' many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er Fort Piert-e is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORTP^IERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in eveiT issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. *'"

The News, Fort Pierce,Fla.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 29 cents cash or 31 cents
in goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once.
Prices subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

The Rural Bee-Keeper

vou how to make money with bees.
^ The first number coniains valuable infor-
*\v. »X Koo-inners bv Harrv Lathrop. A. U.
Cepard M V^Kaey 'anlotherl Shook Swann-
fnl or How to (>.ntrol the Swarming Impulse,
i^'w 7 Vntohinson- Co-Operation Among
sL-Keepers V Walter' R. Ans^ll ; The Provost
Kal'nfthe south At-rican war by Captam
Thomas, who is a subject of Kmg Ed warn , ine |

aLou? April lou' Advertising forms close 20th of

P'"''w1'a?e now ai work on the^ May number and |
can Assure vou that the second n«™b'-'': " ','' ^^ I
more interesting and more valuable tha.i the ,
nrst It will l.e the purpose of THE RURAL
RFF KFEPER to champion the cause of the 1
nV;^,^-,tr; bee-keeper to show him the way

information in one year for hftj cents.

W. H. PUTN AlVl, River Falls, Wis.

PPFF !c^fptrtriv^EKfci/i«s

rKt^t:' theVst monthly Y'^P^Y'loo oC;
lished,andwewinsendyousamples.>^l^^^

I'^SrIES: Dept.H'D^^ Grand Rapids, Mich.

DON'T KILL

YOU RSELF. WASH! NG THE ~ -

WAY, BUT BUY AM E M P I RE

V^ A S H E R, vDxth tcfttc* IM
frailest woman can do an or-
dinary waihina in one hour,

vithout wetting her handn. - -

Sample atwholetalf Price. Satisfaction Gnarftnteeo.!
No pan until tried. Write for jriuttraled Cata^iM»
9ndprice» ofWringeriJromng TabU», Clothe* HeeM

MAPS.

A vest pocket Map of your State

New issue. These maps show al
the Counties, in seven colors, a
railroads, postoffices — and man
towns not given in the postal guid

~ rivers, lakes and mountains, wit

index and population of countie
cities and towns. Census— it g\v<
all official returns. We will sei
you postpaid any state map y

[ wish for

I 20 cents (siive)

Hit

JOHN W. HANN,

Wauneta, Ni

CLUBBING LIST.
We will send The American
with the—
Rocky Mountain Bee Journal..

What to Eat

Bee-Keepers' Review

Canadian Bee Journal

Gleanings in Bee Culture

American Queen

The American Boy l-^_

Irish Bee Journal

Poultry News

Rural Bee-Keeper,

Poultry Success,

Bee-Keei

Price B

..$ .50 ?

. 1.00 1

. 1.00 1

. 1.00 1

. 1.00 :

. .50

35

.25
.50
.50

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ^nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fxne for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th»
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

There is do trade or ijrofession better catered to
oy good journals thu.n that of the farmer. Unia-
telligent nnprogressiveness has now no excuse.

A BATH

luxur"

taken ib an

Folding BATH

Used in any room.
AfiEN'TS Wanted.
Catalogue Free.

^Thb empire
^washer co.,
%/amestown,n.y.

FMPIRE

^ Portable

m

»*;*><>=»**s-$*-^t^*?»^*di^-$-5!ja

BEE=SUPPLIES

Bee Hives, Sections, Smokers,
Bee-Veils, Frames,

And everything used by bee-keepcr.s.
Largest stoclc in the Central States. Low
freight rate.s. Catalogue free.

iyA C. M. SCOTT & CO.

1001 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

10c a year. Largest.Brlghtest and Finest Illustrated
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to intro-
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-date. Tells
all about Southern Home Life. It is
full of fine engravings of grand scen-
ery, buildings and famous people.
Send at once. 10c. a year postpaid
anywhere in the U. S., Canada and
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of 6
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a club.
Money back if not delighted. Stamps
taken. Cut this out. Send today.
THE DIXIE HOME,
Birmingham, Ala. '

When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

na/e want

Every reader of the American Bee-Keeper to
write for a free sample copy of the

ROCKY MO'JNTAIN BEE JOURNAL

Tells you about Western methods, co-opera-
tive honey selling and the graet big crops that
have made the Alfalfa regions famous. Ad-
dress the publisher,

H. C. MOREHOUSE,

Bouldei" Oolo.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

f8:e:93C8:8:82»0<:e:8:8:e:e:e:8:8:e:8^^
PINEAPPLE CULTURE

If you are located in the World Famed Pineapple Belt of the Indian River— is
very profitable in South Florida.

I have an excellent list of the most desirable properties suitable for the culti-
vation of either pineapples or oranges, on the river, both improved and unim-
proved.

OUR CLIMATE IS UNEXCELLED ANYWHERE ON EARTH.
If yqlu want a winter home, a pineapple farm or an orange grove in Florida I
should be pleased in assist any reader of The Bee-Keeper in consummating the
wish. Write, or come and see me.

JAMES E. ANDREWS, Fort Pierce, Florida.

AGENTS Wanted 'washing Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years,
are cheaper than e'l'er. Catalogue Free.

They

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.

The Tovs^a

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Monthly,
50 cents "
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
in fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
subscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

ttx

The Nebraska Farm Journal

A monthly journal devoted to
agricultural interests. Largest
circulation of any agricultural pa-
per in the west. It circulates in
Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa
and Colorado.

Itf

C. A. DOUGLASS, prop.
1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb.

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. P'alconer Mfg. Co.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKKEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.
Sample copy and 64-page catalogue, FREE
(5-tf

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping- subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

I Special Notice to Bee=keepers! r

I BOSTON

nj Money in Bees for You.

^ Catalog Price on

ROOT^S SUPPLIES

Catalog for tlie Asking.

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St.,
Boston, Mass.

Up First Fliglit.

PROVIDENCE nUEENS^
ROYE THEIR IJoALITlES

TO BE

UNEXCELLED

Head your colonies with them.
Use them to invigorate your stock.
They will increase your profits.
Produced by many years of careful
breeding. A circular will be sent
on request.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,

P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

Put Your Trust in Providence Queens

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

[ Send your business direct to "Washington, i
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to U. S. Patent Office. FREE prelimin- ,
• ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent j
is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN~19 YEARS i
ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," <
, etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggera •
(receive special notice, without charge, in the]

INVENTIVE ACE

(illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year,

918 FSt.. N. W.,
, washington, d. c,

E.II.SieeEIIS.:

n. K

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
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Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

If, EINGHAM

5 has made all the im-
provemoiitd in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in Lhe last 20 years, undoubtodl v
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too lara- fent
postpaid, per mail *J 60

3M> inch ] in

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch i.uo

2\i inch 'JO

r. F. Bingham, ?'°';^,;••■. '^

Farwell, Mich. Lutle Wonder, 3 ^n. .65

Pateot Wired Comb Foandation

has no sag in brood frames.

TMn Flat Bottom Foondatlon

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS,

Sole Manufacturers
Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

L J. STRINGHAM,

105 Park Place,
NEW YORK .
Furnishes everything a bee-keeper uses. We endeavor to have
our Hne of suppHes include the most practical articles. Full col-
onies of bees. Nuclei colonies and queens in season, Discount
J for early orders.
Apiaries. Glen Cove, L. I. Catalog free.

Bee Supplies Exclusively

A complete line of Lewis' fine Bee I Bingham's Original Patent Smokers
supplies. «^d Knives.

Dadant's Foundation. I Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, etc.

Queen Bees and Nuclei in Season. In fact anything needed in the "Bee-
Line," at

FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI

Where prompt service is yours, and freight rates are lowest. Special dis-
count for early orders. Send for cata log.

THE FRED W. MUTH COMPANY

(We're Successors to Nobody, nor Nobody's Successors to Us.)

CINCINNATI, OHIO
51 WALNUT STREET

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed'us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices- ""^sted of either race, $1;
one uute d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, lO
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

9

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly.

_ ^ Sample Free.

aS" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.

Departments f< r beginners
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Address,

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144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago.Ilu

Subscription Agencies.

Subscriptions for the Ameri-
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.11.

The Fred W. Muth Company,

51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

T. Phillips, Johneonville, N. Y.

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W O. Victor, Wharton, Texas,

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; Ontario.

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[ anui New Zealand.

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* 16 Matanzas, Cuba.
[

Vol. XIV

MAY, 1904.

No. 5

PLACE FOR THE NEXT MEET-
ING OF THE NATIONAL BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

By Frank Benton.

AS A MEMBER of this organiza-
tion I am of the opinion that
stronger reasons can be present-
ed in favor of holding the next annual
convention in St. Louis than in any
other place.

1st. There will not be the least
doubt as to railway rates, and they
will be lower than can be secured by
the Association itself, even if the re-
quired number to secure reductions on
the certificate plan from the various
sections of the country could be got
together in any other city.

2nd. Everyone wants to go to the
grand World's Fair which will be held
in St. Louis in 1904.

3rd. Many good bee-keepers who are
able to give more information to oth-
ers than they are likely to get them-
selves at such a meeting, would hard-
ly feel disposed to pay their fare to a
distant point for the sake of present-
ing in person their views, which they
could give to the public through the
medium of printed .iournals, unless
there should be at the terminus of
their journey some other attraction in
addition to the convention.

4th. St. Louis is central. It will
appeal to bee-keepers fi'om the East
and the West, from the North and the
South. It is not too far Bast for the
Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast
bee-keepers, nor too far West for those
from the middle and Eastern i-egions.

5th. It has never had a national bee-

keepers' meeting, although nearly an
of the important cities about it have
been thus favored, some of them even
having three or more conventions
apiece, Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincin-
nati, Lexington, Lincoln, and even St.
Joseph ("which is in the state of Miz-
zouray"). New Orleans and also At-
lanta have each had a bee-keepers'
convention, which was, in each case,
intended to be national or international
in scope, and besides numbers of bee-
keepers from the ad.iacent region, they
did attract some also from the North.

Gth. Accommodations of the right
sort for holding a convention in St.
Louis can efisily be secured through
proper application in time and a defi-
nite fixing of the date of the meetinjir
long enough beforehand.

7th. Dozens of suggestions present
themselves to tlve mind of anyone at
once as to the lines and oi)portunitie,s
which will be afforded to make a
creditable showing for the industry,
and of the scope of tlie work of the
national society which represents it in
this country. And these will be mani-
festly greater in connection with such
an exhibition of apiarian products
and implements as might be made at
the St. Louis Exposition, than would
be the case were Cincinnati. San An-
tonio or Salt Lake City selected.

When the great Louisiana purchase
Exposition has passed, I shall be
luartily in favor of holding a meeting
in Texas, a a or»e in Utah. In this
connection it mav be of interest to
know where the thirty-four conven-
tions have been held. Indianapolis
lias had 3: Cleveland, Louisville. Pitts-
burg and Toledo. 1 each; Philadelphia
and New York, 2 each: Chicago, 4;

88

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

Cincinnati, 2; Lexington, 1; Toronto,
2; Rochester, Detroit, Columbus,
Brantford, Keokuk, Albany, Washing-
ton, St. Joseph and Lincoln, 1 each;
Buffalo, 2; Omaha, Denver and Los
Angeles, 1 each.

U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C, January, 1904.

AN OBSERVATION HIVE.

By D. D. Alley.

I AM a beginner in bee-keeping. I
have two eight-"L" frame hives in
my back garden and an observa-
tion hive in my dining room vrindow.
I keep them more for the pleasure af-
forded in studying their habits than
for the amount of honey produced.

Yonkers is a city of over 50,000 in-
habitants and is practically an over-
flow from the gi-eat city of New York,
south of it. The lawns are kept mow-
ed as close as the beard on a monk's
face. White clover blossoms are as
scarce as snowflakes are in Florida.
In spite of the lack of pasturage, my
bees managed fo fill the sections with
some of the finest honey I have ever
eaten.

My observation hive has been a
source of great pleasure and profit-
able study to myself and friends, one
of whom has facetiously referred to
it as "Alley's Bug House!" It was
constructed to hold two fninics "'
size. On the 1st of July, I placed in it
one frame of bees witli a queen and
one frame with a starter only. In a
short time this frame was filled with
comb and brood. In the meantime,
brood from the old frame had hatched
out and by the first of August the
littlf' hive was packed with bees. I
wrote to the editor of a prominent bee
journal, explaining the conditions and
asking for advice to relieve the crowd-
ing, as I did not want to lose the bees.
He sugtrested that I "remove a frame
of brood and replace it with one emp-
ty conili." adding, "We snpnose. of
course, that you are keeping this hive
for pleasure and pronalily do not in-
tend to winter them. "This advice
would be all right if 1 luid a large ap-
iary; l)ut. i)ractieally. it meant in my
case to throw away the V)ees, and I did
intend to try aiid winter them over.

I immediately set to work .-imi co' -
structed a new hive, the walls of

which were in the for mof two L's,
the front and right side being station
ary. The left side witn the back can
be shoved in and out on the bottom
board, and it is held in place by two
iron 14 inch rods passing through the
upper edge of the sides. These rods
also act as supports for the frames.
This hive may be contracted to one
frame or expanded to hold a dozen or
more. I have successfully prevented
the propolizing of the movable side, by
rubbing over the edges with sculptor's
"plasteriue," a substance used by
sculptors for modeling, in place of
clay. It never gets hard, it is water-
proof and seems to be a combination
of beeswax and powdered sulphur.
Perhaps the bees do not like the sul-
phur and so leave it alone. I trans-
ferred the bees to this new hive, ex-
panding it and adding a new frame
with starter from time to time. It
now contains six frames and the bees
have every prospect of wintering suc-
cessfully. I inclose a photograph
showing the hive in position.
Yonkers, New York, Nov. 11, 1903.

OUR CALIFORNIA LETTER.

Things Apiarian on the Pacific Coast.

By Heni*y E. Horn.

AFTER basking and roasting in al-
most uninterrupted sunshine for
over six months. Southern Cali-
fornia has once more experienced the
blessings of rain. True, we did not get
much, yet we are thankful now
for anything, and there is some pros-
pect for more later on. The farmers
say it is too late now to raise grain and
they expect to cut the stuff for hay.
Of coiirse, bee-keeping is looking up
some. It would not take much rain,
now, to give us some kind of a crop.
One good soaking of two or three
inches would gladden the heart of
many an apiculturist. Bee-keeping
here has not been the unintermittent
success people at distant places seem
to think. Indeed, to be honest about it,
it has rather been an intermittent
failure for the last six years — intermit-
tant to the extent of just one middling
good success, and one lesser one. Last
year was the most tantalizing season
I have ever gone through. Not want
of rain; drv winds and burning sun

"ALLEY'S BUG HOUSE.

IK)

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

spoiled our hopes that time. To that
we are getting used; but misty nights,
cold sea-fogs, and raw breezes, and all
the time the hill slopes abloom with
sages, the undulating background car-
peted with yellow and blue and pur-
ple and white; every colony in prime
shape and strength for harvest work,
but unable to go out. When there is
no bloom the weather Ts as fine as one
could imagine, and when we have
bloom in superabundance the weather
is as bad as can be — wouldn't that jab
you? Well, it did me.

The bees have come through our so-
called winter all right, and are in good
condition everywhere. There is con-
siderable brood-rearing going on, but
pollen is yet scarce, as is, also, new
honey. The willows, eucalyptus,
almonds and early peaches furnish
about all there is. In many places a
judicious feeding of rye-meal would
probably assist towards more exten-
sive brood production. In about three
or four weeks more the orange bloom
will set in and, as it lasts about four
weeks in good weather, strong col-
onies, well managed, and almost, if
not altogether, house an average
honey crop. Of course, that is tiiie
only of those running for extract. The
comb honey producers have too much
swarming to contend with and conse-
quent scattering of forces to get much
orange honey. But if one has a super
full of partly drawn comb from last
year, all nicely cleaned, and the comb-
faces pared off a quarter inch, one can
do pretty well, too, with comb honey.
But the faces must be pared or sliced
ofF, else tlie cappings will show dark,
no matter how clear the honey may
be.

A Pasadena millionaire seems to
think that there is lots of money to
l)e made in apiculture yet. for he has
lately bought up all available apiaries
in this neighborhood— some thousand
colonies. And the repoi't is that xie
has bought up all he could get in other
places in South Calif ornTa as well. The
prices paid for average stock is said
to have been about three dollars.
Some bee men seem to think that
honey production cannot be brought
under the dominion of the modern
spii-it of capitalization, hence this mil-
lionaire's experiment will ve watched
with interest.

An aggravating case of foul brood

infection happened in East Rivex'side.
A well known apiarist sold his apiary,
and then started afresh with a few
colonies to raise up another — a model
apiary. For that purpose he bought
new dove-tailed hives, new frames,
new fixtures generally; then he put
bees into them, and then he imported
directly from their home the best pure
Itiilian queens. So far all went well.
But one day, some time later, he no-
ticed, in looking through a colony some
cells showing up wrong. He went to
the next hive, and to the next; and
everywhere he found the same wrong-
looking cells, the coffee-brown, sticky,
ropey stuff where a young bee ought
to be. Looking around among his
neighbors for possible causes, he came
upon one, also calling himself a bee-
man, who had cut foul-brooded combs
out of their frames and dumped the
cornipted mass behind a bush in the
open, where thousands of bees fed on
it. That also-beeman has no use for
bee papers, but he was persuaded in
short order to subscribe to constable
papers.

Riverside, Cal., March 9, 1904.

LATER.

THE weather has been rather
favorable with us this past
month. We have had consider-
able rain, warm days between, and
no cold nights or frosty mornings. The
orange bloom is settmg in well, the
sage is growing fast, the hill slopes
are becoming fresh green, balmy air
is all around, a mild sun overhead. A
little longer and ours will again be a
land of rare beauty and of pure de-
light. Farther up the coast, especially
in Ventura County, Avhere live and
operate our apiarian captains, Men-
delson, Mclntire, et al. the precipita-
tion to date has been sufficieui to pro-^
duce at least an average crop of this
world's best sweets, provided, of
course, that the weather clerk sends
along, some time later, a spring
shower or two. Farther up still, in
the central and northern counties, peo-
ple were praying for sunshine about ^
the same time that Los Angeles
preachers i)etitioned heaven for rain —
and with about as much success. They
have been having old times again up
there; torrents of rain, rushing rivers,
flooded lawlands, and no end in sight,
But the climax has been reached in

1904.

rHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEU.

91

the high Sierras, suow-clad summer
and winter, the batUe ground of the
primeval elements ever since the ice
age retreated polevi^ard. Snow Irwenty
to eighty feet deep. Canons leveled
brimful overnight, whole towns laid
away in nature's own funeral shroud
till spring and resurrection. They say
that apiculture up there, or along the
higher slopes, is wonderfully produc-
tive, that tile honey flow lasts all sum-
mer through, and is as certain as nat-
ural law. But bees cannot live there
in winter, with forty feet of snow
piled on top of them, or exposed to the
terrific blasts of the -winter storms. A
few venturesome men move apiaries
up from the foothills most every spring
or early summer, and return in the
fall loaded to the guards with honey,
wax and increase. But moving api-
aries hundreds of miles every year is
not everybody's business, and they
say that there ^ is yet considerable
room up in the California Alps for api-
arists of the strenuous type.

On the whole then, the prospects for
a crop of honey are rather good at
present in this State.

ONE FOR DICKEL.
At the first spring overhauling of
my apiary, about six weeks ago, 1
came to a colony that had become
queenless for some reason or other.
Ordinarily it is best to unite such a
one with another queenright colony.
But this was pretty strong, able to
raise a queen and make honey besides,
when the time would come. So they
were given a frame of brood and shut
up — and forgotten. On examination
a little less than three weelvs later a
young virgin was found, a lot of de-
stroyed queen cells, all the rest of the
brood either hatched or capped over,
but near the center o fthe comb a
worker cell — just one — was sealed over
round, raised up. There was a drone
in that cell without the least doubt.
There was no intention at that time
of testing the Dickel theory; it flashed
into my mind only when I looked at
tliat raised cell. They say that mira-
cles do not happen any more; that is:
because the beholder's eyes are veiled.
That incomprehensible, eccentric, ut-
most methodical busybody, the worl^er
bee, able to convert an ordinary bee
egg into either a perfect male, a per-
fect female, or a sexless worker, as it

sees fit, — isn't that a miracle of the
very first order? Does that happen
again in the whole wide domain of
nature?

Weissman has been reported as de-
nying the correctness of the Dickel
theory. Weissman is an authority on
biology, ranking very high. I wonder
what he would make of that little
round-capped cell of mine out in Pig-
eon Pass Canon. As I now remember,
this same thing has happened to n:i
before, but I never knew its meaning
or importance.
REFUSE BEET SUGAR FOR BEES.

There was mailed to me by a near-
by sugar mill a circular advising me
to buy some of their lumpy leftover
beet sugar for bee feed. There .s, of
course, nothing unusual in that. But
at the bottom of the leaflet there ap-
pears an indorsement, signed by H.
J. Mercer, secretary California N. H.
P. A., recommending said lumpy beet
sugar as being healthier as well as
cheaper to feed than honey, with no
danger of foul brood from its use, at
which this humble scril^e has wonder-
ed a gi'eat deal. "Healtliier" than
honey, the bees' very own special food,
lumpy beet sugar? If sugar is health-
ier than honey, honey must be lens
healthy than sugar. The only thing
that would or could make honey less
healthy than sugar is the possibility of
its carrying the spores of the foul
brood disease. Mr. Mercer does not
say why. But he later on expressly
mentions sugar as dangerless with re-
gard to foul brood, thus leaving the
impression behind that the iloney in
the marlvet is veiy likely largely foul-
brood-spore infected goods, and hence
not good for bee feed, nor, by impli-
cation, for man food, either. But foul-
broody colonies are not productive, and
therefore furnish no honey for the
market, and this Mr. ]\Iercer must
know. "No danger of foul bi-ood from
its use" — directly, no, but indirectly,
sugar may become a very strong fac-
tor in the taking of the disease. In
years gone by Europeans practiced ex-
tracting honev to the last dron. and
feeding up with sugar instead. Honey
sold ff)r twice the price of sugar, thus
making that .svstem of robbery seem
a proifital)le one. But close observers
found that sugar-fed colonics soon
lacked the vim and Vigor of those fed
on honey, and that they, moreover,

92

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

and for that reason, were much more
liable to foul broo-d infection. The
albumenoids of the honey, vitally nec-
essary to bee life, are not found in su-
gar. Besides sugar is not directly food
tor bees anyway. Only after its chem-
ical inversion does it become so, but
that act requires the expenditure of
vital energy on the part of the work-
ers^ and hence reduces rather than
adds to their store of it. Nor is sugar
cneaper. At five cents a pound its
price, less freight, is just level with
that of honey, the only true bee feed
in existence.

It may be stated witnout the addi-
tion of anr extr;i s;i.r("isiii that :Mr.
Mercer is a bee man and an officer of
an organization worlcing for "ihe sole
piiriKisc of extending tiie honey mar-
ket and of maintaining a good price
for it!

Mr. Fletcher, of Pasadena, the man
wl'o li;is \:v"-\ bnyinti' U)) ;M)i:iries
wholesale in Southern California for
the last six months, now owns twelve
thousand colonies, scattered over ,six
counties. He will probably not bor-
row any trouble from anybody for
some time to come.

Riverside, Cal., April 8, 19u4.

HIVE CONSTRUCTION, ETC.

A Very Inte'-esting Letter Addressed to the "Irish
Bee Journal." by a Venerable Expert. Thoroughly
Familiar with Apiculture on Both Sides of the
Sea.

By Dr. W. A. Smyth.

THE large number of bee-keepers
at home and abroad, who have
1 — ^„ in+,-v,.cwefQf1 in Ttr Smvtb's

been interested in Dr. Smyth's
scientific articles will be pleased to
have a picture of the doctor in his api-
ary. Our desire was to publish an "in-
terview" but circumstances having ren-
dered it impossible at present to ac-
cept a very cordial invitation to Done-
niana. Dr. Smyth has been good enough
to supply the following letter to ac-
company the illustration. We hope on
a future occasion to supply our read-
ers with notes of a visit to Donemana,
and of an inspection of tne wonderful
microscope and scientific curiosities*
there. Dr. Smyth has been a fast
friend of the Irish Bee .Tournal. and a
most valued contributor to our col-
umns. His articles have been re-pub-

lished in the foreign bee papers, and
have attracted the attention of some
of the foremost bee-keepers of the day.
We are deeply indebted to him for
much of the remarkable success which
has attended the effort to produce
here a bee joui-nal worthy of the sub-
ject to which it is devoted, and of the
eounti-y of its birth. Dr. Smyth writes:
"A photogi-apher from Derry, nine
miles distant by cycling road, and five
in a bee-line, happened to call one
evening seeking a chance to practice
his art, and hence this picture.

"From boyhood 1 have been inter-
ested in bees, but I never kept any un-
til after reading Langstroth's work —
it might be called a poem— on the
honey bee. I spent a day with Lang-
stroth at Oxford, Ohio, in 1867, and
the same year he sent me to New Or-
leans, a dozen of his hives, and half
a dozen Italian qupens. The Italian
bees, as a rule, were very gentle, but
all colonies were not alike in disposU
tion or color. Lanstroth told me that he
thought the Italian bees were a hy-
brid race, as their shape, markings,
and disposition were not at all fixed
or uniform.

"1 lost most of the queens from dis-
e:ise which I attributed at the time to
excessive manipulation. I frequently
took out the comb with the
queen on it. without using any
smoke, and the queen would
continue laying eggs in the cells with-
out being in the least disconcerted
by exposure to the light or by num-
bei-s of persons around her. Foul-
brood is common in Louisiana, prob-
ably owing to the dampness of the
climate, but for some i-cnsons it is not
so infectious or disposed to spread as
it is in Ireland.

"I never attended ciosely to super-
ing hives so as to get much honey. My
fi'iends could always make use of all
the honey I could get from the bees.
I have liot kept bees for profit, but
from an interest in their marvellous
work and ceaseless toil, and to study
their wonderful instincts of labor and
or.ganization, and their surprising in-
telligence, which Maeterlinck has so
dwelt upon Avlthout in the least ex-
aggerating it. The briefness of their
life, as contrasted with the object and
results of their labor, led Maeterlinck,
however, to ask the question: 'Why
do bees want to live"*

19()4.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK.

93

"May it not be that all living cells
struggle and fight for life, the hope ol
higher things and better days as a
property of living cells, and insepar-
able from them, animates all life from
the lowest to the highest, ana is real-
ly what Maeterlinclv calls the 'spirit
of the hive' ?

"The first hive in the picture (five
Langstroth hives on the left not
shown) is the hive exhibited at Cork,
and the village carpenter, Taylor, who
made it, is nearly in the rear of it. He
has distinguished himself as the first
to attempt making a hygienic hive;
but whether he thought of the sweet

improvement, however, on the hives
of 1867. The fioor-board is fixed to
the hive, wnich is ob.1ectionable. The
iron legs were made so that weights
could be placed on them for security
against storms. The legs ai"e half
an inch from the sides of the hive,
The inside breadth is fourteen inches,
and takes nine frames at one and a
half inch spacing or ten frames at one
and three-eighths inch spacing. The
bees certainly do better on
the ten frames, and I think
Eangstroth was right when he
concluded that one and three-eigths
inches is the best allowance for combs

DR. SMITH'S APIARY, DONEMANA, IRELAND.

smiling goddess of health or her illus-
trious father Esculapius, while making
it, is problematical.

"The second hive in the picture is a
'combination hive' made fiteen yeai's
ago by Fulton, a very expert carpen-
ter and bee manipulator, living near
Claudy, Ala. The hive takes fourteen
frames and a divison board. It is a
well-made hive that has many advan-
tages, and only one fault. It is not
hygienic, and is not now stocked with
bees. The next is the Langstroth hive,
one of a dozen from the late T. G.
Newman, of Chicago, in 1895; not an

in the brood chamber. The two stand-
ing hives are of simple construction.
One of them, with frames across the
entrance, has double walls at the
sides; the other, with frame ends to
entrance, has double walls front and
back.

"In hives with double walls, if the
inner walls should happen to be tight
— and the bees will endeavor to make
them so — and the outer walls open to
some extent, allowing circulation of
air, the double walls do not seem to
do any harm. Some bee-keepers say
that their bees do best in hives with

94

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

cracks and openings in the walls. The
badly-built, chinky homes of the poor
are often more hygienic than the care-
fully built palaces of the rich. The
open au- treatment of disease consists,
simply, in getting the patient away
from the microbes growing In dead
air spaces. There are ten microbes
growing in the mouth for one growing
in the nose; the nose is better venti-
lated.

"The disease, appendicitis, arises
from a dead air space in the intestines,
for which we can find no use, and
which evolutionists say that nature in
time will eradicate. Is it not now
time for bee-keepers to eradicate dead
air spaces in their bee hives, as a hygi-
enic measure? Measures belong to
man, but principles and time belong
to Gk)d."

Donemana, Co. Tyrone, Irejand.

FERMENTING HONEY.

Something of Its Treatment and Culinary Uses.

By Mrs. S. A. Smith.

IN the December issue of the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper I see that Mr. G. A.
Nunez, of Honduras, asks about
fermenting honey.

From what he writes, I think as
you do, that the trouble is caused by
some member of the palm family. Per-
haps .iust enough honey is gathered
from it to cause fermentation ^■^hen
mixed with honey from another
source.

We have always had Just the same
trouble with honey from the cabbage
palmetto ti-ee. While saw palmetto
honey is cured and ready to extract
almost as soon as stored, the honey
from cabbage palmetto is never cured
in the hive. I have left it in the hive
a year, and at the end it was no bet-
ter than in the beginning, fou can
see the honey in the cells work just
like yeast.

The way we treat such honey is to
place it on the ffre and slowly heat,
and keep it hot at least six hours. We
never got it so hot that it would boil,
and I think you could place your hand
in it without burning. A scum w'd
rise, which we remove. After this
treatment we have no more trouble.
The flavor of the honey is very much
improved. Before heating it has an

acid taste; after heating it has a car-
amel flavor.

(^ne customer, who used five gal-
lons of honey a year, would take that
kind every time he could get it. But
for baking I always keep a supply un-
cooked, for the acid is just what is
needed.

I make all fruit cakes and plum
puddings from it, and everyone who
eats them Is sure to ask how they are
made, and of what. I always use
soda instead of baking powder, and as
honey cake must be baked slow, that
is much better, becuse it is slower to
fall than the baking powder.

The acid and soda make a complete
raising combination and is yery much
ahead of baking powder, and is ver>
cheap, too.

The cakes and puddings made frora
this honey would keep for months,
and improve every day. The only
trouble I ever had was that the rest
of the family would not agree with me
about keeping them, and for once
their motto was, "Never put off until
tomorrow what you can do today."
Their idea is to consume that which is
good and keep that which is not.

At our neighborhood parties and pic-
nics where cake is needed. I am al-
ways asked, "Will you please bring a
honey cake?" I -Vv^ish the whole pub-
lic was educated to its use. If they
were, there would be a good market
for all we could produce. For bakers'
use, it would be the cheapest and best
of any honey, for no cream of tartar
would be needed in using it, and that
is the most costly part of baking pow-
der.

Mr. H. C. Gifford, of Vero. Fla., told
me that his plan of disposing of such
honey was to keep it untiT cold weath-
er, when it would eandy and would
sell for as much in the open market in
the north as our best saw palmetto
honey.

Another Florida bee-keeper told me
he had an awful time with it, on ac-
count of its bursting the barrels.

I wish everyone knew the worth of
honey for cooking. The cost per
pound may be more than sugar, but it
is nevertheless cheaper to use in mak-
ing cake, because cheaper fats and
less eggs may be used than when su-
gar is, and what is more, the cake or
pudding may be eaten without harm
by those with the weakest stomachs,

v.xu.

'^HE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

J);")

and they seem to be complete food.

Where there are children, nothing
could be better. They like and need
sweets, and if you add good milk to
the bill of fare, you will have one no
child will ever find fault with.

If less sawdust and straw, under
the name of "breakfast foods," were
used, and more honey cakes made and
consumed in their place, there would
be less sickness and weak stomachs
than at present.

Grant, Fla., Jan. 10, 1904.

GENERAL NOTES.

By C. S. Harris.

CYPRIANS ARE VICIOUS.

By Dr. O. M. Blantou.

IN THE MARCH number of the Am-
erican Bee-Keeper i find an ar-
ticle by Mil Arthur C. Miller in re-
gard to the nature of the Cyprian bee,
in which he seems to infer that it is
my bad management of the smoker in-
stead of the ill-temper of the bees that
causes the trouble.

With thirty yeai's' experience as an
apiculturist I have learned the abuse
of the smoker and avoid using it as
much as possible.

How is it, that after going through
fifteen black a,nd one Carnio-Cyprian
colony without a sting, I should be at-
tacked by almost the entire Cyprian
colony and repeated day by day three
consecutive times? Not only that, but
a week after, when passing the hive,
they would rush out at me.

Knowing the trouble I would prob-
ably have I reloaded my smoker and
pusned a few rags over the wood and
gave tuem the gentle puu of smoke,
but as soon as I attempted to remove
a comb they rushed by thousands at
me.

I next day tried tobacco wrapped
in rags, with the same result, proceed-
ing with the greatest care.

As a dernier resort I used sulphur,
which subdued them until I could re-
move the surplus honey. This all oc-
curred when there was a large flow of
honey on. There never was a time I
used more caution.

Mr. Miller's strain of bees must be
quite different from mine. I have the
experience of Mr. A. I. Root to tally
with mine and it is useless to claim for
the Cyprians gentleness, because he
has a comparatively gentle colony.
Greenville. Miss.. :Miirch 12. 1904.

BEES MOVING EGGS.
I think that W. W. McNeal is right
in supposing that the eggs were car-
ried by the bees from the brood nest
to the super, through queen-excluding
metal. I had an experience some
years ago which convinced me that
bees do move eggs. See A. B.-K. for
October. »

"IMPROVED QUEEN REARING"

Mr. Geo. W. Phillips' review of Mr.
Alley's book, in Gleanings for Novem-
ber 15th, and his criticisms of the
methods of Queen-rearing there given
appears to me both very good and very
fair. While, undoubtedly good (lueens
can be reared by Mr. Alley's methods,
they are too "puttering" and "fussy''
for the average man, particularly
when at least just as good queens can
be reared by much more simple meth-
ods.

BALL OP BEES WITH QUEEN.

Again I find myself with Dr. Miller,
and arrayed against Editor E. R. Root,
in the matter of a ball of bees being
found about a clipped queen on the
ground at swarming time. It is sel-
dom, in my experience, that a clipped
queen mv ' > return to the hire

and unless I am present at the time
of swarming, I generally lose the
queen, sometimes finding her dead
near the hive. Occasionally I have
found a small cluster of bees with the
queen, biit usually she is entirely un-
accompanied. Certainly not once in
a dozen times do I find a bee with her.
FRAME SPACING.

The discussion upon this subject has
always been a puzzle to me. I use a~
loose hanging frame and it seems sec-
ond nature to space it properly. I have
no trouble with bulged or badly built
combs. I sui»pose if one had to have
incompetent or careless help thei'e
might be trouble in this respect. Pro-
polis is very bad with me and I simply
could not use the seemingly popular
self -spacing frames with any comfort,
and I have yet to see any self-spacing
frame which eipials the lose hanging
frame for general use.

MOSQUITO HAWKS.

In the October issue of Gleanings
Mr. H. F. Stafford asks a question
in regard to mosquito hawks, and the
editor calls on his Southern subscrib-

9«

THE AMKHICAX BEiC-KKEPEU.

Maj\

ers for help in the uiMtter. I h;ive been
watching for something on the suhjeet,
but so far have not seen anything. 1
am satisfied that at times I ]o,se (jueens
at tlie mating period, in considerable
numbers, by the attacks of these in-
sects. Fortunately it is the general
habit of the moscpiito hawks in this
locality to fly only iu the early morn-
ing and evening and on dull or cloudy
days, and this is a partial safe-guard.
but occasionally they will be about
in hundreds. I might almost say thou-
sands, upon days which the queens
find good enough for Hight. and at
such times my i)ercentage of loss is
always heavy. It is true I have never
seen a queen taken by one of these
hawks, but I have had workers snap-
ped from my hands and have caught
the robber with the bee fast in its
jaws.

These moii(iuito hawks ari' always
numerous during the season of bay
bloom and I have sometimes doubted
if the nectar secured from it compen-
sated for the accompanying loss of
bees. Bay bloom does not open until
late in the afternoon, unless the day
be cloudy, and then the whirring of
wings and snapiiing of the powerful
jaws of these air pirates in the apiary
is to me a very distressing sound. I
have never found any way of combat-
ting them.

Holly Hill, Fla., Nov. 26, 1903.

NEW INVENTIONS.

747.0.3."). Comb Foundation for Bee-
hives. Hugo A. Feldmann, Holyoke,
Mass. Filed April 27. 1!)03. Serial
No. 1. ■"14,472.

Claim. — A comb foundation for bee-
hives consisting of a wa.x cellular
comb-sheet of rectangular form and a
fi'anie having witnm one end member

Writing under date of Ajiril 21st
Mr. D. H. Coggshall, of Groton, N.
Y., says: "I think we shall lose fully
one-half of our bees. In fact, I
think one-half are dead at this writ-
ing, and I believe it will be so all over
the state."

a groove, the frame having grooves
within the inner faces of its opposite
side members, and having a slot
through its other end member extend-
ing from near one end to the other of
such member, the end portions of
which .slot match with the grooves in
the adjoining side members, said
comb-shfeet having marginal support-
ing engagements in said grooves and

slot. " '

ONE "BOY ON THE FARM."

Our stall' contributor, Mr. Adrian
Getaz, writing April 22d. tells of a
disastrous freeze which visited this
State on the 20th. idtinio.. utterly
freezing young iieaches and pears al-
ready formed, and also the apple
bloom. He says the honey cro]) ^y\]\
be almost a failure there.

A Youthful Bee-keeper of the Pine-Tree State Who
is an Interested Subscriber to The Bee-Keeper.

Whatever may be the extent of the
honey crop, present Indicajtions are
that an excellent market awaits it.

Can you use a few sample copies?
We'll be pleased to send them.

By Rev. C. M. Herring.

THE mother here introduced—
Mrs. A. F. Cromwell — is a wid-
ow, of character and influence,
whose home is on a farm in a rural
district in the town of Topsham, Me.
The farm is quite remote from
neiglibors, partly surrounded by for-
ests, having a rich and jn-oductive soil.
It is a home of beauty, having a large
supply of fruit trees, vines, white clo-
ver, and other sources in which is
stoi-ed the iirecious nectar ,so invint-
ing to the labors of the bee, while
the surrounding forests are inter-
.spersed with wild berries, motmtain
ash, and basswood, all of which make
the farm a rich one for the production
of honey. Besides, there is one other
source of supply which Is not common.

1!:K)4.

rHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

There is a lily pond uear at hand,
which is white with its sweet blos-
soms, nearly all snnnner, on which the
bees were found to cluster in large
numbers, and it is presumed they
gathered honey from this source.

Such Is the home of the widow, who
has a little son — Bernard A. Crom-
well— 13 years old, who has an inquir-
ing mind, of quick perception, and is
a child of promise. Over this boy the
mother watches with parental care,
iind seeks to guide his opening powers
to noble ends. Almost any sacrifice
would not be too great for her to
make, in order to save her child from

ning nil aitinry. IhT mind, and that of
her boy, was full of investigation, and
both were greatly delighted as the
work went on. At this writing, the
result of the summei''s work is fully
known.

The one colony purchased last
spring has increased to four, and the
three swarms are now heavy with
their stores for winter. The first
,swarm has given five pounds of sur-
plus honey; and the old mother col-
ony has given forty-hve pounds, worth
twenty^five cents per pound. The
three swarms are worth $12, and the
fift.v pounds of honey are worth $12.50.

MASTER CROMWELL AND HIS GOOD
MOTHER.

the influence of bad boys, and the cor-
rupting vices of the city. She would
like it, when he is grown up, if he
would be inclined to cultivate the soil
for a living and become an intelligent,
honest and aggressive farmer. To pro-
mote such a result she would pre-
occupy his mind with a love for rural
life in his early days. She would
encourage in him the possesion of a
little patch of ground to cultivate, as
his own, to have his chickens, his pet
lamb, his "bossy," and his bees.

With such wishes and ideas, this
mother purchased from me a colony
of bees, and began the work of run

The

making the whole gain $24.50.
outlays amount to about $9.

The lesson here found is worthy the
notice of evei-y farmer or mother who
has a family of children. For all, the
honey is a wholesome luxury, and for
the children it is vastly better than
candy. And then, the intellectual and
moral lessons involved are most stim-
ulating and elevating, as well as re-
munerative in dollars and cents.

If I were a farmer I would look
after my harvest of honey as I would
my havest of hay.

Brunswick, Me., Nov. 30, 1903.

4»M4MMMMM»MM»M -f >-♦-♦-►< 4 » ♦ ♦ m ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ M ♦ ♦

T . . ■ 1 ■"■

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

^4I4»»»»»|HMMMM»M ♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»

brick. It is a tenement hive. The
partition walls are of unburned brick
and wood, and the cost per colony is
from two to three marks. In 1881 at
an exhibition a hive was exhibited
made of ground cork and plaster paris.

ARGENTINA.

The Agricultar Moderno reports a
bee-keeper in the Province Ardoba, of
averaging from 300 to 400 pounds of
honey per hive each year. From other
parts of Argentina It has been report-
ed to the gleaner of this that the yields
were very meagre and that bee-keepers
were considering the advisability of
importing the Italian bee, hoping by
this measure to increase the yields per
colony.

This hive received the first premium
at the time, but has not come into gen-
eral use. — Central Blatt.

The winter has been mild in Ger-
many and favorable for the bees.

HOLLAND.
Rev. Richard, in Amsterdam, advo-
cates to locate hive enti-ances in the
tops of hives, instead of at the bottom.
He observed a great difference in the
yields of his two colonies which were
of uniform strength, one, however,
had the entrance at the top and giving
large returns, the other with the en-
trance low giving small returns. When
a change was made and the entrances is
were given at the top in both hives,
the yield after that remained practical-
ly uniform.

IRELAND.
An Irish Avriter laments that more
bees are not kept in Ireland. The land
jtroduces now but 700.000 pounds of
honey and could be made to produce as
much as 40,000,000 pounds. He ad-
vises his Irish brothers not to emi-
grate to America, but to stay at home
and go into bee-keeping. — Leipz Bztg.

GERMANY.

The manufacture of honey is de-
scribed in Praxis der Bzcht, as fol-
lows: A quantity of flour is brown-
ed in a kettle. According to the kind
of honey wanted, the flour is browned
more or less. Water is added little by
little and the mess is constantly kept
stirred. When of the right consistency
saccharine and honey are added and
also some essence. The mixture is
then ready to be put up in tins.
(Sounds like a hoax.) It is said that
the makers of this fine honey have now
established a plant in Chicago, 111.

TUNIS.

The material for bee hives used by
the Tunisians is very inexpensive and
nothing more or less than Mother
Earth. However, the soil must be of
a certain nature, a soft porous stone.
Square holes are cut into the ground,
80 cm. long, 40 cm. wide and 30 cm.
deep. These holes are cut very smooth.
Bars are used for the bees to fasten
their combs to. Each cavity is covered
with sticks, and a covering of earth.
An entrance is left in the center of
each hole. About 50 such hives are lo-
cated together under one roof. The
Tunisians use smoke to handle their
bees and do not protect themselves
against stings in any way. — Revue In-
ternationale L' Apiculture.

H. Bro<ltman, in Billerbeck, had had
a hive patented which is made of

SWITZERLAND.

The bee-keepers in Switzerland are
making the effort to preserve the pu-
rity of the brown bee. A station has
been established for the rearing of na-
tive bees. American bee-keepers,
friends of the brown bee here may soon
find an opportunity to procure the.
black or German bee in its purity.

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

99

DENMARK.

Judging from the Danske Biauls-Ti-
tende, a Damsh agricultural bee jour-
nal, bee-keeping in Denmark is carried
on according to American principles.
Doolittle's conversation translated
from Gleanings, are often reproduced
in this paper. The Danish bee-keep-
ers' societ.v receives a yearly appro-
priation from the State.

BRAZIL.

Editor Schenk of the Braz. Bienen-
phledge, reports of never before having
harvested such beautiful orange honey,
and in such quantities, as the past
honey season. The trees blossomed un-
usually early and very profusely, thus
affording the bees a gi-and opportunity
for seven weeks to gather orange blos-
som honey. — From Bienen Vater.

' SPAIN.
The heirs of Mr. Enrique de Merca-
der-Belloch have decided to continue
the publication of El Colmenero Es-
panol and have secured for editor Mr.
Pedro Villuendas Herrero.

FRANCE.

Mr. Baichere says that the honey-
suckle (that is the European kind)
produces a considera1)le quantity of
nectar but that the flowers are so detp
that the bees cannot reach it. How-
ever, some kind of bumble bees are in
the habit of cutting holes near the hot-
toTu of the flowers to reach the acctur.
The holes once made are used by the
bees and other insects. Tlie honey
from the honeysuckle is white and of
an excellent taste. — L'Apiculteur.

A correspondent of the Apiculteur
says that somebody had soAvn a piece
of buckwheat. Half of the field had
been manured, and the other had re-
ceived a good dose of lime. Hardly a
bee was seen on the blossoms of the
manured part, while they were very
numerous on the other. This seems to
sustain an opinion often expressed in
Europe: that the limestone lands pro-
duce more nectar than the others. — L'-
Apiculteur.

The same paper quotes from an Eng-
lish .iournal the assertion that to cui*e
rheumatism it is necessary to get 12
stings per square inch. The question is

asked, which is the worse — the cure
or the disease. — L'Apiculteur.

Dr. Clement, at Lyons, France, has
made some experiments on the effect
of formic acid on the human system.
He took, four times a day, eight to ten
drops of formic acid in water. After
the first day the effects became appar-
ent, and increased during the following
three or four days. There is a certain
excitation of the muscular system
shown by a need of active movement.
Also a considerable resistence against
fatigue and tired feeling. With the use
of formic acid, hard work or exercise
can be much more easily performed.
And the tired feeling often experienced
the next morning after a day of hard
work disappears completely. As the
honey contains some formic acid, the
suggestion comes of itself. — La Re-
vue Eclectique.

Mr. Alphandery gives a description
of the cheapest bee hive stand I have
yet heard of. Only two pieces, perhaps
IxG inches, or about, placed one across
the other so the ends come under the
four corners of the hive. To bring them
to the same level, each piece is notched
half way at the middle. The lower one
is ])Iaced the notch upward. The up-
per one on it with the notch downward
slipping in it. This description is not
very clear, but with a little reflection
the reader will understand what is
meant. — Gazette Apicole.

BELGIUM.
Some time ago. I spoke of a discus-
sion concerning the existence of laying
workers, which had taken place in
some of the European bee journals.
More recently Mr. Mercier, of Thiri-
mont, Belgium, experimented on the
subject. He says that when the queen
and all the unsealed brood are re-
moved, no laying worker appears; at
least it has been so in his experiments.
He thinks that when all the larvae
are too old to produce queens the ex-
cess of jelly or royal jelly, is distribu-
ted among the larvae and these or
some of these become the laying work-
ers. It might be well to state that
other experiments made before did not
turn out that way. In several cases,
queen and unsealed brood were re-
moved in order to make sure that no

100

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

imperfect queen could be raised; but
nevertlieless laying workers appeared
and in large numbers at that. Mr.
Mercier also recalls the fact that in
queenless colonies wintered over never
develop laying workers. — Le Progi-es
Apicole.

Mr. Simouart of Quievrain, Belgium,
relates an experience with laying work-
ers. After the fact was ascertained,
he united that colony with one having
a queen. As usual in such cases the
drones were destroj^ed at once; but
what caught Mr. Simonart's attention
is the fact tJiat during the next six days
a portion (about half in all) of the
workers of the laying worker colony
was destroyed, more or less every day.

When two colonies refuse to unite,
the bees of one are usually entirely de-
stroyed or nearly so, and that is done
within two days at most. But in this
case, half the population is accepted,
while the other half, or about, is grad-
ually destroyed. Mr. Simonart thinks
that such being the case, the destroyed
bees were those engaged in laying or
the actual laying workers. He thought
that these killed bees had somewhat
larger abdomens than the others. There
could be no mistake as to which popu-
lation the killed bees belonged to. as
one colony was pure blacks, and the
other pm-e Italians. — Le Progres Api-
cole.

Mr. Philijipe says that cotton waste,
such as is used by the railroad engin-
eers, is one of the best fuels for ihe
smoker. — Le Proges Apricole.

ITALY.

In a previoiis contribution I stated
that the leaves of the lime ti*ee bruised
in the hand, attract the bees, and are
used in Southern Italy to induce a
swarm to settle where it is wanred.
The same item has reappeared ;igain,
but this time it is the Ismon trp^) that
is named. The two kinds ar? so near
alike that there could not be any dif-
ference. fOur Florida friends are in-
vited to ti-y. Perhaps the orange tree
leaves might do.) A Germaji paper
suggests that where the lemon tree
does not grow, the bark or peelings of
a lemon might be a good substitute. —
L'Apiculteur.

ALGERIA.

Mr. Bourgeois says that while the
Punic bees are usually vex-y cross, yet
at times they can be liantlled as easily
as any others. He adds that as hnney
gatherers they are some'.vhat superior
to the Italians and Carnoiians, at least
so far as such as he had are concerned.
— L'.\picultuer.

RUSSIA.

It is stated in "Ung. Biene" that
bees were kept more extensively in
Russia a thousand years ago than now.
At Emperor Ivan's time the exports
of honey were 810,000 kg. At the
jiresent time the number of colonies
kept are 5,106,722, the amount of hon-
ey they produce 65,418,880 pounds, the
wax represents 10,797,760 pounds.
Russia consumes more honey and wax ,
than she produces A great deal of
these products are imported from Hun-
garia.

It is known that the honey fully ri-
pened contained in the hives during the
winter, is too thick for immediate use.
It was formerly admitted that the wa-
ter evaporated from the bees and con-
densed against walls of the hives fur-
nished the water necessary to dilute
the honey. Berlepsch was the first to
discover that such water contains nox-
ious matters evaporated with it and is
not used by the bees. Lately a Rus-
sian apiarist, Mr. Tseselsky, discover-
ed that the bees are in the habit of
uncapping the honey in advance. This
Avhen uncapped, absorbs the moisture
of the air, and is thus diluted. Com-
paring the freshly uncapped honey
with that uncapped several days be-
fore, he found that the last had ab-
sorbed one-half to two-thirds of its
weight of water. The lower the tem-
pera tin-e, the more water had been ab-
sorbed. He also insists on a sufficient ,
ventilation to carry away the noxious |
gases, and other products of the bodies
of the bees, and bring in the necessary
moisutre to dilute the honey. — L'Api-
cultenr.

ALGERIA.

The most extensive bee-keeper in
Algeria is Mr. Bourgeois. He now owns
several thousand colonies bought fron
the Arabs and French colonists and
transferred in modern hives. The Eu-
ropean process of transferring consists

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

101

in drumming tlie bees and queen from
tlie old hive in tlie new, putting a
queen excluder on the new hive, and
finally tlfe old hive on top of the new.
stopping all openings except the en-
trance to the new hive. The object of
the drumming is to make sure of
having the queen in the new liive.
Twenty-one days later the old hive
can be removed and demolished.

Mr. Bourgeois found the drumming
part almost impossible, partly on ac-
count of the awkward shape of the
hives in common use and partly on ac-
count of the viciousness of the Alger-
ian (or Punic) bees. He then follow-
ed successfully the following process:
Put a virgin queen in a cage and the
cage in the hive from which you want
to drive the bees. The old queen will
try to destroy the virgin and finally
finding herself not able to do it. will
lead out a swarm. All that is to be
done is to put the swarm in the new
hive. Mr. Bourgeois does not say
whether x,e used a queen trap or not.
Anyway, this is certainly a good way
of securing a queen which cannot be
found by the usual processes.

I am not siu-e that the process would
be as successful with other races of
bees as "Mr. Bourgeois found it.

The Punic bees are not only very
vicious, but also inveterate swarmers.
They are first-class honey gatherers,
but cap their honey quite greasy. They
are the blackest race of bees known. —
Adrian Getaz.

lUack River N. Y., March 21, 1904.
Mr. Editor:

In the American Bee-iKeeper for
.T.Miuary, 1904, Brother A. C. Miller
says that bees pack pollen with their
iii.iudibles. I dont' tlnnk so. I think
aiiii am almost sure that they use
thoir front feet.

If you will take a new drawn comb
and pull a bee out of a cell when they
arc at work packing pollen, you will
find the imi)ression of her feet all over
tli«' top of the cell of pollen. If you

cannot, use a magnifying glass. I hope
we shall know who is right some time.
There has been too much theory and
not facts published in our bee books.

Some hives are better for comb honey
than others, but one would think to
hear some of these patent hive men
talk, or read their articles, all you
need is their hive. I wish to tell the
beginner as W. L. Coggshall did years
ago: First, the location; 2d, the bee-
keeper; last, the hive. I often hear
a novice say if I had a hive so and so,
I could get a lot of honey. I never
could find any kind of business that
would run itself without hard work
and brains. As this has been a hard
winter for bees up here in New York
state, especially for those out of doors,
there will be more or less weak colo-
nies this spring, and as I have found
in years of experience it don't pay to
double them up early in the spring,
unless they are queenless. Tuck them
up nice and warm until the honey
flow opens. Then, and not until then.
That is the time we have got to have
sti-ong colonies for comb honey: for
you cannot produce fancy comb honey
unless your colonies are strong. I
found out years ago by two colonies
uniting when they swarmed, that not
only stored more than double the honey
but nicer in every way. I use the L.
dovetailed hive, eight frames. 1 use
two stoi'ies if the queen is a good one.
Don't use a queen more than two years.
I find this plan the safest, wiien I
get the first brood nest well filled with
eggs, and brood I put the other under,
not on top. If you put it on top the
bees will fill it with honey before the
queen can fill the combs witu eggs, but.
by putting it under, the bees will not
crowd the queen. This has been my
experience. A young, vigorous queen
will not hesitate to go down to the
empty combs. How I do pity poor old
Dame Nature. Undeveloped worker
bee, she not only mothers the young
but gathers the food and builds the
combs. And yet man says she is un-
developed. Geo. B. Howe.

Brunswick, Me.. April 9, 1904.
Dear Brother Hill:

I wish to express my thanks to our
friend A. C. Miller, for his instructive
article in the April number of the Bee-
Keeper, in which he gives us the re-

IJ THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

102

suits of bis experiments on wintering

bees.

I believe bis conclusions are sound,
and important to all bee-keepers. It is
ti.e strong colony tbat will stand tbe
frosts of winter.

But tbere is one otber conclusion,
drawn from bis experiments, wbicb he
does not mention, and wbicb. to me, is
very convincing.

It seems it was the Bingham hive,
not so very strong of itself, which ex-
cited his admiration, and to which he
calls special attention.

This hive had four sections in its di-
visable brood chamber, each one of
which, rising one above the other, had
frames 51/2 inches deep which is equiv-
alent to one set of frames 22 inches
deep. The fact that it bad four parts
does not change the condition.

This hive then, which beat all the
rest, had frames 22 inches deep, which
proves my notion tbat the deep frame
is better for wintering bees than the
shallow. Yours truly,

C. M. Herring.

Haverhill. N. H., April 11, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

My brother and I have been together,
subscribers of the Bee-Keeper for tbe
last year and have read it with great
interest. This spring I find that I have
lost thirty per cent of my bees. In the
colonies that were dead, wherever the
bees were on the comb it molded it
quite badly. Now if the ends of the
cells where the mold is, is cut oi¥, will
it be all right to use again? I do not
want to do anything that will bring
disease among my bees. Please let
me know anything that Avill help to
keep bees in a healthy condition. I
want to use what old comb I can, but
not to tbe detriment of my bees.

Tbanking you in advance for any
favor. I remain, your truly,

P. .1. Burbeck.

It will be all right to use tbe moldy
combs as indicated, or a hive-body full
of them might be set over a good strong
colony to clean up and care for until
needed. Tbe greater danger, in hand-
ling such stuff, arises from tbe prob-
ability of inducing robbing in tbe api-
ary, by unduly exposing tiie honey. If
due precaution is taken against this
menacing evil, no other bad results are
liable to follow. — Editor.

May,

Hegg, Wis., March 23, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I wish to ask a favor in regard to
honey: First, do you think it best to
extract or to sell the honey in the
comb, when the market is poor for
comb honey? Second, is it necessary
to have loose bottoms in tbe hives, for
desti'oying queen cells? If you can give
me a little advice upon these questions
in the Bee-Keeper, I will be very thank,
ful. Sincerely yours,

Theodore Qualley.
If tbe object of the producer is cash,
it is, oliviously, tbe part of wisdom to
produce tbe kind of honey most readily
converted into cash. Tbe production
of merchantable extracted honey does
not require so much skill as does the
production of comb honey of a high
grade; and it is less expensive perhaps,
as well. We should say, "go in" for
tbat wbicb sells most I'eadily at a
profitable figure.

As the writer is accustomed to han-
dle bees, it is very rare tbat we have
to manipulate a colony expressly for
tbe purpose of destroying queen cells;
and we fail to see tbat a loose bottom-
board woTild in anywise facilitate the
work when it is necessary. We prefer
a loose bottom, however, and to have
iipjter and lower stories alike, and in-
terchangeable. As a means of pre-
venting swarming, it is not safe to
depend upon the efficiency of removing
tbe queen cells tbat may be along tbe
bottom bar of tbe brood chamber.
Others may be located higher up, and
out of reach; and it is, therefore, nec-
essary to withdraw tbe frames for
examination; hence we think the mat-
ter of bottom boards, permanent or re-
movable, has no practical bearing up-
on tbe question. — Editor.

Cornplanter, Pa., March 1, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I am a beginner in bee-keeping, and
would like to ask you liow I may keep
my bees from sticking tbe super to the
bod.v of the hive. Last summer they
would stick them together so it was
very bard to get them apart at all.
The bees are in ordinary dove-tailed
hives and have wild feed. I tried
greasing the super but with poor suc-
cess. Yours ti-ul.v.

Alice E. Holmes..

Though it is a habit common to

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

103

honey bees to propolize all cracks and
small openings about their abode,
where hives are accurately made it
seldom occurs, we believe, that any
particular difficulty arises therefrom.
Some localities yield propolis in greater
abundance than others, and some bees
are more lavish in its use than are oth-
er strains. Bee-keepers generally let
them stick the supers as tight as they
please, and then with a chisel or other
similar instrument, pry it loose when
removing the crop. It is said, however,
that an application of hot paraffine
upon the points of contact is an effec-
tual preventive. — Editor.

Markham, Ont, April 12, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper :

We have had a terribly severe winter
here, and losses in bees are abnormal-
ly large throughout Ontario. Only three
or four days to date that bees could fly
freely. No doubt conditions are mucli
different with you. Cordially yours,
J. L. Byer.

Wheelersburg, O.. April 12, 1904. ,
Friend Hill: ,

Our bees have wintered quite well,
but the spring continues cold and back-
ward. Peaches and pears are blooming
thoi%h it is snowing a little today, and
it is so cold that the bees do not dare
stick their noses out of the hives. Well,
my bees are on deep combs with plenty
of honey, so I am not worrying.
As ever yours,

W. W. McNeal.

always proved satisfactory in our win-
tering experience out of doors.— Edi-
tor.

Upperco, Md., April 13, 1904.
American Bee-Keeper :

Please answer in the next issue of
the American Bee-Keeper, Is rye meal
as valuable as natural pollen for bees?
Is it as healthy as natural pollen?

What size should the entrance of a
good colony of bees be, through the
winter on summer stands?

I remain yours very respectfully,
D. H. Zencker.

Rye meals is regarded as a very good
•substitute for pollen. It is, perhaps,
as good as any known. So far as we
Tsnow no reports have been made of
detrimental effects upon the bees
through its use. Bees prefer the nat-
ural product, however, when it is ob-
tainable. An entrance three or four
Inches wide by three-eights high, has

MARKET REPORT.

New York, April 18.— There are no
new features in the honey market.
Some white honey selling at from 12
to 13 cents, off grades at from 10 to

11 cents, and no demand for dark
honey whatever. Market is very quiet
on extracted of all grades and prices
are rather irregular. Beeswax very
firm at from 29 to 31 cents.— Hildreth
& Segelken.

Kansas City, Mo., April 15.— Market
for honey has improved during the
last ten days and we believe all old
stock will be cleared up by middle of
May. The supply is limited with good
demand. We quote our market today:
Fancy comb, $2.35; choice, $2.25; Ex-
tracted dull at 5 to 6 cents. Beeswax
in good demand at oOc. — C. C. Clemons
& Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., April 15.— Cannot en-
courage shipments to Buffalo now. De-
mand and trade very dull. Quite fair
stocks will have to sell low to clear
up. Fancy, 12 to 13c; lower gr'ades, 6
to lOc. Extracted, 5 to 7c; Beeswax,
25c to 32c.— Batterson & Co.

Chicago, April 7.— The market 4s
heavily supplied with comb and ex-
tracted honey, neither of which are
meeting with any demand, especially
is this true of the comb. Prices are
uncertain as those having stock are
anxious to sell it; therefore it is diffi-
cult to quote prices. The besT: grades
of white comb bring lie to 12c, any-
thing off from choice to fancy is not
wanted. Exti-acted white, according
to quality sells 6c and Tc, amber, 5c
and 6c. Beeswax, 30c and 32c. — R. A.
Burnett .fc Co., 199 S. Water St.

Cincinnati, Ai^m IS. — The honey
market here is re-assimiing activity,
and judging from present indications,
and the lateness of the season, the last
season's crop will be consumed before
the arrival of the new. We offer am-
ber extracted in barrels and cans
at 5 1-2 to 6 1-2 and white clover 6 1-2
to 8 cents according to quality and
package. Fancy comb honey sells at

12 and 15 cents. Beeswax wanted at
30 cents.— The Fred W. Muth Co.

104

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY
THE W. r. FALCOMER MANFG.

PROPRIETORS.

H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

Co.

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies ^5
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in fhe
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising: Rates.

iifteen cents per line, y words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two iscr-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion the month following.

Matters relating to business may be ad-
dressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.
Fort Pierce, Fla., or Jamestown, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department should be ad-
dressed to the Florida office.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
you owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your early attention.

THE PARALYSIS PROBLEM.

Our esteemed coutempornry the
Smithlaiul Queen usually quite affable,
niKl always interesting, appears to he
Itjiinfully s'oaded by our editorial com-
ment on ])age 84 of the last issue,
Avherein we called attention to the fact
that it had erroneously credited an ar-
ticle to Arthur C. Miller, which had
been written for The, Bee-lteeper by
Mr. Pofjpleton.

By way of explanation, it is stated
that the editor of the Queen had noth-
ing to do with the matter. The article
was selected by the printer, not because
of its "eternal fitness," but just be-
cause it did fit the space required to
fill the pape.r

Brother Atchley says :'Tt has ap-
peared for some time that Bro. Hill
has had a crow to pick with the Queen
or its editor. What about I am unable
to solve." The fact is. there is not a
bee journal published in this or any
other country towards which The
Bei'-Keeper has kindlier feelings than
the Southland Queen and Bro. Atch-
ley ought not to bristle up and show
fight simply because The Bee-Keeper
fails to absorb all its pet hobbies; and
sometimes calls attention to its errors
Miiich afPect us directly.

As to paralysis, Bro. Aatchley says
fiuTher: "With all due respect and
love for Mr. Pojipleton and Bro. Hill,
I l)eg to say that neither Mr. Popple-
ton nor rile Ree-Keepei* has i)ut forth
any more light on bee paralysis than
all we old bee-keepers knew twenty
years ago, and I am too busy now to
take this mattei- u]!. and esjiecially
through a paper that uses its influ-
ence and partiality to make its points
unfairly. If Mr. Poppleton desires to
do so I will meet him before a body
of competent bee-keepers at St. Louis
next October and debate the question
of bee paralysis and allow the judges
to decide whicli is right. It may be
that drones and queen have paralysis
sometimes, but Mr. Poppleton ought
to know that bees often feed queens
and drones, and the vile .rotten pollen
mess can be fed as well as honey,.
I can read phiinly between the lines
that Bro. Hill convinced against his
will Avould b(» of the same opinion
still.'^

We do not know just who were "all
we old bee-keepers," of twenty years
ago. Mr. Poppleton and the writer
were upon the bee-keeping stage about
that time; and if any one then knew
that an outward application of sul-
phur was a certain cure for bee par-
al.vsis, we think the information was
held sacredly secret. Maybe Mr. Atch-
ley Avill tell us who had experimented
with bee paralysis at that time.

The oidy "point" we have endeavor-
ed to make in this connection, is the

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

105

one that sulphur is a cure for paraly-
sis. We have labored to make this
point for the benefit of our readers,
because we believe it to be a valuable
point to those whose bees are afflicted
with this malady. We believe both
the American Bee Journal and Glean-
ings have given the information
imparted by Mr. Poppleton through
these columns, very prominent men-
tion, the latter even extending assur-
ances of gratitude for our having spe-
cifically called its attention to this val-
uable information. Many other of the
world's most prominent bee-keepers
have acknowledged the value of the
article, notwithstanding the fact that
the Queen would have it appear that
it contained nothing new.

Who is trying to make its points un-
fairly?

ARE YOU MAD?

The present incumbent of The Bee-
Keeper's editorial chair has held it
down now these six or seven years
past, and just once has he been accus-
ed of wilfully wounding the feelings
of those with whom he has dis.cussior.
The missive is just to hand and states,
in substance, that we should curb the
natural propensity to crue'lly thrust
our rusty pen through the vitals of
those who differ with us, and that
when we are old we will not be com-
forted by reflecting upon the "smart
things" we have said publicly in our
youth.

In view of this serious charge, we
popose to hold a "court of inquiry,"
and urgently invite every reader -who
has, or ever has had, a grievance alonsr
this line, to turn in his evidence with-
out delay. Send it to either th'i New
York or Florida office— either will do,
just so we get it at an early date. The
result may be the reformation of a
I vindictive and malicious disposition
upon the pf rt of the editor, or it ^nay
cause him to abdicate the chair in fa-
vor of some one less vicious. However,
we should like to know just exactly
how many persons it has been our mis-
fortune to offend in the way suggested,
and if they will inform us we shall en-
deavor to afford them redress and sup-
ply a balm of Gilead for their wounded
feelings.

Our esteemed critic unwittingly i)nys
tribute to the brilliancy of thought

springing from the mature mind, by
his reference to the "smart things"' we
have said, for he evidently does not
know that our once red hair is today
sprinkled with white, and with eyes
growing dim we look bade over part
of a century and contemplate with
great cheer the possiblity of having
ever said anything smart in our youth.

SHALL WE ADVANCE?

With reference to the editorial Item,
pages IS and 19 of our January issue,
wherein is discussed the limits of legit-
imate journalism, as relates to bee cul-
ture, a Florida correspondent takes oc-
casion to confirm the sentiments there
quoted. Says our contemporary is
right ^and that "All I read the papers
for is to find out how to get a good
yield and how to sell at a living price."

Ever since the world has had bee
journals they have, doubtless, all been
aiming to supply, such information.
America has had at least one journal
that has been at it continuously for
some forty years, and many others
have since joined the ranks. Does our
esteemed correspondent observe any
marked improvement in the "living
price" proposition, as a result of Avhat
has been accomplished by skimming
the surface of our fleld with the old
•vooden plow? Is it thought advisable
to continue repeating mere mechanical
methods of production an.l pointing
first to this city and then to that, as a
market for our honey, and meantime
watch the steady decline of prices in
the face of a rapidly increasing ]iopu-
lation and decreasing fields of foraj^e
for the bees?

As it appears to The Bee-Keei)er, a
very large per cent of honey producers
are criminally indifferent in reuard to
the business end of their voeatioii. 'J^hey
seem quite content to sit by and see
their product crowded into the corner
and crushed into the earth by com-
peting commodities much less worthy
of success.

Is it not inconsistent to expect of a
bee journal the ability to direct its pat-
rons to markets more profitable than
we have, and which are steadily be-
coming less profitable because of the
bee-keeper's own lack of business en-
terprise? Too many bee-keepers ap-
pear to forget the fact that they are
living in the twentieth century, and

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEB.

106

that business methods have materially
changed since their grandfather's day.
Competition is Iceen and exacting; and
unless there is a grand awakening
among the producers of honey at an
early date, those now living may see
their vocation, sacrificed beneath
the ponderous wheels of a modern jug-
gernaunt, styled "commercialism."

Success in the production of honey
presupposes a general knowledge of the
business, of course; but specific infor-
mation in regard to many minute -le-
tails is imperative, and the dissem-
ination of such information usually
devolves upon bee jonrnals. An api-
ary infected with foul brood is, doubt-
less, less profitable than if it were in a
healthy condition. In view of the pre-
valence of this malady, does it not be-
hoove the bee-keeper to inform him-
self as to the advancement of science
and practice in relation to its treat-
ment? Florida, to as great an extent
as any other State in the Union, has
reason to thank heaven that among
her bee-keepers are some who are not
afraid of acquiring a surplus of apia-
rian information. It is but a few years
past that the foul brood scourge broke
out and bee-keeping interests of the
east coast were seriously^ menaced;
but, by the prompt action of one pro-
gressive apiarist, its ravages were staid
and the last vistage of the infection
eliminated from the state.

Knowledge, specific and general, is
the foundation. "Good yields and liv-
ing prices" will be a spontaneous out-
growth.

May,

come a new bee paper, and Bi'othov
Putnam has demonstrated ids alnlity
to get up a creditable claimant for
support.

As Mr. Putnam invites n-iticisia, we
presume it is in order for us to indi-
cate the weak point of the Uural
Bee-Keeper, as it appears from our
point of view: The habit of sand-
wiching in items in reference to r.oods
offered" for sale by the iuiblis'iey of
any trade journal, savors too distinct-
ly of the "house organ" type of publi-
cations which is being turned down by
the postoffice department, and it leaves
a disagreeable taste in the mouth of
the reader who reads for ueneral in-
formation and not to learn of the mer-
its characteristic of any particular line
of goods.

Catalogues and price lists of supplies
we believe to be somewhat out of pla«;a
in the editorial columns of a modern
trade journal. Commercial ".nforma-
tion and literary merit ought to be
dished up separately. That is, so be-
lieves the American Bee-K?eper.

We wish the new comer abundant
success.

THE RURAL BElMvEEPFJl.

We are in receipt of the first number
of The Rural Bee-Keeper, River Falls,
Wis., a monthly journal published at
50 cents a year, by W. H. Putnam,
and containing 16 pages and cover.
Said "cover" is dated March. 1904.
while the other pages proclaim "April"
as the date of issue. It is difficidt,
therefore to tell just when the "Rural"
was born. However, it is gotten up in
very creditable style, and starts off
with a very handsome array of adver-
tising, which is essential to the life of
any periodical.

We do not agree with some of tlie
older bee journals that the journalistic
field in our line is overstocked, and
we are therefore always pleascnl to ^^-el-

We are in need of more good articles
and photographs of interest for publi-
cation, and we are willing to pay for
creditable material. It is not rehashes
of threadbare axioms that we need (we
have an ample supply); but rather new
ideas and points that will be of inter-
est to others who keep bees. We are
still looking for those scribes of bee-
dom who are to light the way in the
future.

Someone said "one swallow does not
make a summer," and it is as true that
one colony of bees is insufficient to
prove or disprove the characteristics
of any race or strain, but as to the
Funics being vicious, as is frequently
stated, we cannot refrain from stating ,
that our Punic colony is as docile as
were ever any strain of golden Ital-
ians; and up "to present writing they
have been better honey gatherers tnan
any stock in our yard. It is too early
to speak positively as to their other
virtues or vices, but, to be candid, we
cannot at present restrain a feehne
somewhat akin to enthusiasm in regar(
to these bees.

1904.

TIfE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK.

107

The Bee-Keeper has arranged with
Mr. R. M. Bundy, Clevehind, Ohio,
who is a microscopical expert, to uiake
examinations for bacteria in svispicioiis
specimens. The charge will be $1 for
each specimen examined. We will en-
deavor to give proper cave to any honey
or brood supposed to contain lo'il brood
or other disease genus wli^ioh onr read-
ers may send us, and report t lie result
in the Bee-Keeper.

more frequently. All are welcome,
whether living in the North, South,
East or West.

Twenty-two years ago last winter,
\\'. Z. Hutchinson made bee hives,
using old lumber from the hay mow as
bottoms, lath for sides, and shingles
as a roof, and he is to this day advo-
cating the home-made hive. This is
evidence prima facie that Brother
Hutchinson is endowed with forbear-
ance, patience, calmness, composure,
endurance, fortitude, leniency, long-
sufPering, resignation, submission and
sufferance to a degree that amply mer-
its all the success he has achieved in
the realm of apiculture. We no longer
wonder, however, that he has decided
to withdraw from the ranks of the
practitioner and henceforth confine
his efforts to the mere advocacy of
hand and home-made hives. The
quietude of the Review sanctum is a
solace worthy of his virtues.

The possession of an observation
hive would put an end to guessing in
many instances, and enable the apiar-
ian student to speak with confidence
upon points now more or less obscure.

I like the Bee-Keeper very much and
enclose $1 .50 on subscription account. —
L. H. Dawson.

A Texas subscriber who writes of hla
appreciation of The Bee-Keeper, thinks
more .space should be given to the dis-
cussion of matters relative to the
South, and asks if a page may not be
devoted to the novice in bee culture.
We have repeatedly assured our
friends, the beginners, that our col-
umns are opeii to them, and their let-
ters always receive careful attention.
If more w^ould write, more space would
be devoted to their letters. They need
not be restricted to one page; we shall
try to take care of all seekers after
apiarian knowledge that may apply.
We hope to hear from the beginners

I like the way The Bee-Keeper is
conducted, and admire it fearless way
of setting forth matters pertaining to
our pursuit. — T. S. Hall.

Cent=a=Word Column.

The rate is uniformly one cent for each
word each month; no advertisement, however
small, will be accepted for less than twenty
cents, and must be paid in advance. Count
the words and remit with order accordingly.

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com-
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $3.00,
will sell with leather case for J.3..50 cash.
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N.
V.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost $150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED— To exchange six-month's trial
subscription to The American Bee-Keeper
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Address,
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

LEOTA APIARY.— Pure honey for sale at
all times. Thos. Worthington, Leota,
Miss. 4t

POULTRY SUCCESS.
The Twentieth Century Poultry
Magazine.

I-'ifteenth year, 32 to 64 pages. Beautifully
illustrated. Best writers. Up-to-date and help-
ful. Shows reads how to succeed with poul-
try. 50 CENTS PER YEAR. Special Intro-
ductory Offer Ten months, 25 cents, including
large illsutrated practical poultry book free.
Four months' trial 10 cents. Stamps accept-
ed. Sample copy free.

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.,

Dept. 36. Springfield, Ohio.

The Bee=Keepers' Review

For 1904

THE Review never had more sub-
scribers, better correspondents,
greater mechanical facilities, or
a more experienced editor; in short, it
was never more fully equipped, than
at present, for helping bee-keepers. It
will use all of these advantages the
present year in talking up and discus-
sing two of

The Most Important
Subjects

connected with bee-keeping, viz., the
production of large quantities of honey,
cheaply, and the selling of It at a high
price. The first few issues of this
year will be especiallyi devoted to the
discussion of the first-mentioned topic,
then, in July or August, marketing
will be taken up and continued through
the year. I do not mean that other
important matters will not be touched
upon, but that special attention will
be given to these two.

For instance, last year, Mr. F. E.
Atwater, of Boise, Idaho, with only
one helper,

Managed 11 Yards

scattei'ed from seven to eighteen miles
from home, and in the January Re-
view he had a long article describing
the hives, implements, and methods,
that enabled him to accomplish this
feat.

Mr. E. D. Townsend, of Remus,
Michigan, is

The Most Extensive

Apiarist

in this State; managing out-apiaries
with the least possible amount of
labor, much of it unskilled at that, and
making money out of the business, and
he is telling the readers of the Review
"how he does it." Four articles from
his pen have already appeared and
there are three more on hand. More
will follow on marketing and winter-
ing.

Another correspondent, over the find-
ing of which the Review is congratu-

lating itself, is Mr. E. W. Alexander,
of Delanson, New York. He has had
nearly

Fifty Long Years of
Experience

with bees. His looks are white, but
liis eyes are bright, his step elastic,
and he still has the fire and enthusi-
asm of youth. His views on overstock-
ing are certainly radical, and it is pos-
sible that they are not applicable in
evex-y locality, but some ideas that he
advances, and the experience that he
gives, are certainly worthy of con-
sideration. This month he tells how
to make the most out of weak colonies
in the spring, and how sometimes it
is possible by the right kind of feeding
in the spring, to change what would
have been a season of failure into one
of profit. A simple, inexpensive, con-
venient method of feeding is describ-
e-d. The next month he will describe
his tank and methods for disinfecting
combs from colonies infected with
black brood. By his thoroughness, he
has been successful on a large scale.

The beginning and the end of the
lioney season are

Critical Points.

To induce the bees to promptly take
possession of tlie supers, to wind up
the season with nearly all of the sec-
tions completed, yet lo*-e none of the
honey that the bees can store, are
most desirable accomplishments; and
James A. Green, of Grand Junction,
Colorado, has sent me an article tell-
ing how all these things may be man-
aged by what he calls his "Combina-
tion System." It appears in the April
issue of the Review.

Mr. M. A. Gill, of Longmont, Colo-
rado, last year, with the assistance of
his wife, and one other helper, man-
aged 1,100 colonies, increased them to
l.fiOO and shipped.

Two Carloads of Comb
Honey.

Within the next month or two the Re-
view will publish an article from Mr.

Gill in which he tells exactly how he
manages — particularly in regard to the
swarming-problem.

Sold 20,000 Pounds.

When it comes to the marketing
question, I have on hand an article by
Mr. H. O. Ahlers, of West Bend, Wis-
eonsin, in whicli he tells in detail how
he has built up a ti-ade in selling ex-
tracted honey direct to consumers, in
which he last year sold 20,000 pounds,
and most of it at 12 cents a pound.

The Honey Harket

is something that many of us have
neglected as too small to be worth
noticing, especially if ir is only a
small town, but our energetic General
Manager -of the National Association,
Mr. N. E. France, of Platteville, Wis-
consin, manages to sell about 8,000
pounds a yeai*, if I remember aright,
in his little home city, of only 4,000
inhabitants. He does no peddling, it
is all sold at the groceries, butcher
shops, and the like, and he so manages
as to get eight cents a pound for it.
What that management is, how the
honey is put up, the paclcage, in fact,
the whole modus operandi will be de-
scribed by Mr. France in the Review,
long ere the time comes to put this
year's crop on the market.

A Honey=Route,

in something the same line as a milk-
man has a route, hns been inaugurat-
ed and put into practice for several
years by Mr. C. F. Smith, of Cheboy-
gan. Michigan. There is no peddling
about it. On certain days, except dur-
ing the busy time of the year with the
bees, Mr. Smith goes over a certain
route, calling at certain houses and
delivering a certain amount of honey.
In this way he sells all of his own ex-
tratced honey at 13 cents a pound,
and then buys and sells thousands of
pounds besides. How the honey is
put up, how the route was established,
how he knows at which houses to call,
and how much honey to bring, etc.,
will be told to the readers of the Re-
view in an article that Mr. Smith is
now preparing with much care as to de-
tail and helpfulness.

So much In the way of retailing
honey, and we now come to the sub-
ject of selling honey direct to retail
dealers, instead of sending it to com-
mission merchants, who, in turn, sell
to the retailers. This is

A big Field,

and one that has been little worked,
but I have found a man who has had
a lot of experience in this line, Mr.
S. A. Niver, formerly of New York,
but now of Chicago. For several years,
quite a number of extensive bee-keep-
ers near Gorton, New York, turned
their crops of comb honey over to Mr.
Niver, who graded and crated it, and
then packed a case with samples, and
went out as a "drummer" selling direct
to the retail trade, goiug over the same
ground more tnan once, taking orders
and collecting for the honey. I have
an article from Mr. Niver telling of his
success. It is long, readable, full of
humor, and of suggestions for some
man to go and do likewise. Mr. Niver
is now at work prepai*ing an article on
retailing honey to city customei's.

The foregoing are only a few of the
good things that are in store for the
readers of the Review — these are
given simply as samples. The pros-
pects for

Making Money

in bee-keeping were never brighter for
the man who will arouse himself,
wake up to the changed conditions of
things, and take advantage of the
changes. One thing is certain, if you
are a bee-keeping specialist, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't
afford not to

Read the Review.

It will lead you, and encourage you,
ind fill you vdth ideas, and tell you
how to do things — suow you how to
enlarge your business and make
money.

Send $1.00 for the Review for 1904,
and long ere the year is out you will
ndmit that it was the most profitable
investment you ever made.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON

FLINT, MICHIGAN

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDINA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

GEO. J. VANDE VORD, DAYTONA, FLA.
Breeds choice Italian queens early. All
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfaction
guaranteed .

CH. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
• (Cor Central and Freeman Aves.) Golden
yellow, Red Clover and Camiolan queens, bred
from select mothers in separate apiaries.

T

HE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY, BEE-
VILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Camiolan,
Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded Italian
queens. Write for our low prices. Satisfaction
guaranteed..

I B. CASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has fine
J • golden Italian queens early and late. Work-
ers little inclined to swarm, and cap their honey
very white. Hundreds of his old customers stick
to him year after year. Circular free.

CWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTHMORE,
•^ PA. Our bees and queens are the brighest
Italians procurable. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Correspondence in English, French, German and
Spanish. Shipments to all parts of the world.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
• Superior stock queens, $1.50 each; queen
and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for only $2.00.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.. sends
J out the choicest 3-banded and golden Italian
queens that skill and experience can produce.
Satisfaction guaranteed. No disease.

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, England. 4

NEW CENTURY QUEEN-REARING CO., (John
W. Pharr, Prop.) BERCLAIR, TEXAS, is
breeding fine golden and 3-banded Italian and
Camiolan queens. Prices are low. Please write
for special information desired.

M CORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
''^ of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
! Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

CLONE BEE CO., SLONE, LOUISIANA.

'^ Fine Golden Queens, Leather-Colored Ital

ians'and Holy Lands. Prices low.

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ed in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing the
industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c.

Address,

THR DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly.
Sample Free,
j^" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.
Departments for beginners
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,
GEORGE W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago.Ill.

SH/NEf

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. Y., makes a Shine Cabinet, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need'
ed to keep shoes looking their best — pnd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common. A postal will bring
>ou details of this and other good things.

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICLLTURAL MONTH-
LY IN THE INITED STATES JiJi^j^^J^^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing,, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM

& tf.

UND HAUS

BLUFFTON, OHIO.

I Are You Looking lor a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yau the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-SulpDur Water aud Mud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

aad Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, Skin and
Blood Diseases, Constipation, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, t^lectrie Lights, Hot and Cold Water
on each rtoor. Rates including Room, Board.
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Wuter Baths and
Aittid- ii( I- (n< I lud

$3.00 a dav, according to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.
Address Box 3,

tf Litbia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime conditioi? for
spring planting.

All
Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stocli for 1904 uow on hand. Freiglit rates from Cincinnati ai'e
the lowest. Prompt service i« what 1 practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest pricis.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
same.

Book orders for Golden Italiaa.s. Red Clover and Carniolan Queers; for
prices refer to my catalog.

C. H. \Y. WEBER.

Office and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CSNCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos precios en to-
da clase dc articulos para Apicultorcs.
Nuestra Fabrica es una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos dc suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo solicitcn. Dirija-
nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Cor,
Btf Nashville, Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

shoi'.i have a copy ot

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 pa£;e book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written er
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just on'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years
Editor York says: "It is the flaest little book pub-
lished at the prosr-ut time." Price 24 cents; by
mail 28 ceiits. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

,'a live, proeresx've, 28 page monthly journal) on«
year for li.")C. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG. CO,, Higsin.^ji,, »..

The Record.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interesteo, aon t fail to
send 2 -cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

R. J. FINLEY,

^' MACON , MO.

To Subscribers of
THE AME RICAN E I E= H E I I K

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you
mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country .Journal treats on
Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the best pa-
per printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. B. VATTGHAN

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

Agent for The W. T. Falconer Mfg.

Go's.

BEE=KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jy-4 Catalogue free.

Sunshine

is giiiiiing ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

^~~"^^^^^^~^^ MJiGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for i Year for 10c.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, - KENTUCKY.

THE SOOTHERN FABfflEB,

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription, .

50 Cents a Year.

Published the First of Every Month
and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

AI)Vl!:UTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks

Degigns

Copyrights Ac.

Anvone sending a sirctHi and description may
quickly ascertain o>ii ••; lion fr-^e whether an
invention is probahlv patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sentlree. t)ldeat aeency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
!fjj>ecial notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Hmcrican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientiflc .iournal. Terms, $3 a
year : four months, $1. Sold tyall newsdealers.

MUNN &Co.^«'«-="'«^^- New York

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, X>. C.

When writins to advertisers mention
'Ihe .\nierif;in Ree-Keeper.

National Bee-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 ■ Year.

N.E. PRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

Clubbing Offers

Here is a Sample:

Modern Parmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Ciilture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for otliers just as goo<^l, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee .Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. .T. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. .Joseph, Mo.

BEEKEEPERS

INSIST ON

LEWIS

SEND FOR NEW
CATALOG FOR 1904

GOODS

68

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

WATERTOWN, WIS., U. S. A.

Eastern Agent, Fred W. Muth Co., 51 \Va!
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Fl G hTiNG roosters

" Mystify and amuse your

trieuds, These are two gen-
[ uine game roosters with

feathers, they fight to a

finish, and are always ready
' to fight. The secret of their
i movements is only known to

the operator. Will last a life-
I iime. lOo per pair, 3 for 25c,
I postpaid. Address

ZENO SUPPLY COMPANY
Joplin, - - Missouii

AND QUICK DELIVERY

The busy times for bee-keegers is almost here. If you
have not yet ordered your g^oocls, there is no time for de-
lay. You can't wait now for some factory to make your
goods, nor for long- shipments bv freight, with endless
delays at transfer-points, while the bees are idle for
needed sections, hives, foundation, or storage-room. You
will find it to your advantage to order vour goods from
near home, of some dealer who has them on hand, and
can ship them at once. Bv so doing vou will not only get
vour goods promptly, but at a big saving in freight bills.

THE A. 1. ROOT CO.

Medina. Ohio, has established agencies all over the coun-
try, where standard goods are always in stock. The fol-
lowing are some of the more important

AGENCIES

\ickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
\-l. Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.
Walter S. Pouder. Indianapolis, Tnd.
John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo.
Tieo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
I'rothero & Arnold, DuBois, Penn.
M. H. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch,

Mich.
RawHngs Implement Co., Baltimore,

Md -

(Iriggs Bro.s., Toledo, Oho.

Nelson Bros. F"ruit Co., Delta, Colo.

Jos. Nysevvander, DesMoines, Iowa.

Carl F. Buck, Augusta, Kansas.

A. F. McAdams, Columbus Grove, ('.

C. H. W. Weber, Cincinnati, Ohio.

F. H."^ Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston

M^ss.
I^. A. Watkins Sldse. C(j., Denver.

Colorado.

Ill jidilitioii 16 the foregoing there are hundreds who handle our
siodd.s in sninll lots. Besides this, we have the followins;-

BRANCH=HOUSES

Syracuse, N. Y.

riiiladelphia, Penn., 10 Vine .St.
Chicago, Ills., 144 East. Erie St.
San Antonio, Texas,

438 W. Houston St.

Mechanic Falls, Maine.
Havana, Cuba, San Ignacio 17.
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THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Vol. XIV

JUNE, 1904.

No. 6

QUEEX REARING.

The Method Used by a Texas Breeder.
By Johu W. PhaiT.

OUR way to prepare a colony for
cell-building is to remove the
queen and all the brood, and
two hours later give them prepared
cell-Clips, or else transfer the larvae
into the lower cells of a newly drawn
comb. We prefer the former, how-
ever, as they are better to handle. We
use the Doolittle plan, not because it
is better than the Alley or Atchley sys-
tem, but because it is more convenient.
In order to get good cells and a lot of
them built, there must be a honey flow
on, or else it is necessary to feed your
colony from two days previous, to
four days after the operation is per-
formed. By this time the cells will be
sealed and you can transfer them to
the nursery cages or give them a lay-
ing queen. But, before giving the lay-
ing queen you should give them a
frame of cell-cups or a newly drawn
comb which has been grafted with lar-
vae from your breeder. This should
be done twenty-four hours before giv-
ing the queen. They will begin feed-
ing the larvae much sooner than will
a colony just made queenless.

Now go to another colony that you
■wish to set to cell-building and take
' away its queen and brood and bring it
to this colony, and take lae frame of
cells which they have started to the
colony from which you took the brood
and queen. By this means, the colony
has been queenless but five days.

After getting a lot of good cells
built, the next thing is to care for

them. Our cell cages are prepared as
follows: Take a strip of wood, three-
fourths by one-half inch and cut
length to fit between end-bars of brood
frame. Now cut half way through the
strip saw kerfs to make twenty com-
partments, which are separated by
partitions made of section material
and fitted into the saw kerfs. Now cut
a piece of wire cloth to nt eacn side.
To provision these you can bore a hole
in each compartment and use soft
candy; or you can shave a piece of
comb down to the mid-rib and fill with
honey, allowing it to rest on the bot-
tom bar.

Now cut little caps to just fit be-
tween the partitions and will fit tight.
These ought to come a little above the
wire-cloth side-walls. Now dip the caps
into melted wax and stick your cells
fast, and place them in the cages until
you have it full; then fasten it in a
brood frame with a small nail. If
you use cages that have holes in the
bottom-bars, you can put three in one
frame.

Now, to get these cells hatched is
where the trouble comes. Be sure you
place the nursery where the bees will
cover it entirely. Do not place it in a
queenless colony, as some have ad-
vised. Put it between frames of open
brood where it will get the warmth
and moisture. This gives us the best
hatch. When hatched, they are ready
for the nuclei.

I know there are many who want
their cells to hatch in the nucleus hive,
but we hold our queens in the nursery
cage until they are four days old, then
sucessfully introduce them by using
fresh queenless bees every time. Here

110

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

is where auotlier great mistake lias
ahvuys beeu witli me, and I know I
learned it from others, and that is hav-
ing a permanent nucleus. For best re-
sults never use the same bees for ac-
companying more than one queen in
the nucleus hive. Some one is ready to
say, "That would be a great waste of
bees." This is another mistake. When
your queen begins laying, bring in
your nucleus, bees and all, shake them
into another hive, give them a fram,^
of brood and a laying queen and you
will soon have a good colony. Another
says; 'That is handling a lot of bees
to get one queen mated." Here I want
to say that this is where another mis-
take comes in. Two tablespoonfuls of
bees are plenty to accompany a queen
while in the nucleus hive. Some claim
that our queens will not be as good by
that process. It is the rearing, not the
number of bees in the colony at mat-
ing time that counts as to quality.

To get queens mated with few bees
it is best to have small boxes or hives.
I use a frame four of which fit into
a brood frame. By this means I am
able to get them filled with honey eas-
ily, and when I want to use them I
put them In boxes made to fit, stock
them with bees and run in a virgin
queen four days old, haul a hundred or
so out to a mating yard, and seven
days later prepare another load and
haul them out and bring back the ones
I took before. If the weather has
been favorable they will be laying. If
not, I can pitch them out in any old
place until they are ready to mail.

Now, the success of this plan is in
using a few bees to mate a queen and
the using of these bees but once for
this purpose.

The Swathraore plan was far ahea.'l
of the old plans; but this plan is as
far ahead of Swathmore's as was his
ahead of those prior. The reason is
this: While he used a colony to mate
eleven queens. I mate one hundred
with the same amount.
Fraternally submitted.
Berclair, Texas, Nov. 4, 1903.

When W. L. Ooggshall established
his apiary in Cuba, he started from
New York with 200 colonies and ar-
rived with exactly the same number.
This noteworthy achievement is a re-
sult of practical knowledge. They
were confined fifteen days.

FORMING NUCLEI.

By W. W. McNeal.

WITH the permission of the edi-
tor I will here state some
things that I have found out
about forming nuclei.

I regard a few good, strong nuclei as
being a very necessary adjunct to the
apiary; in fact, it seems to me now
that I could hardly get along without
them, but as a rule, I find it does not
pay to try to form them before the ar-
rival of settled warm weather. One
queen will produce more bees in a col-
ony where conditions are normal than
will a half dozen queens were said col-
ony divided up into that many small
ones, while the weather is yet cool and
unfavorable. Haste will surely make
waste in all work of this kind if the
day on which it is done is not warm
and the colony or colonies have not
been prepared for it.

The usual diificulty encountered is
the disposition on the part of the bees
to return to the old location whereupon
many bees are sure to be lost if a
cold rain were to blow up at the time.
So, again. I would say, wait till the
air is warm and sweet with the scent
of bud and blossom before you at-
tempt to launch a nucleus colony for
profit Instead of pleasure.

Now, as to getting a colony ready
for dividing its forces, it is very nec-
essary to create a desire to swarm.
You see there attachment for home is,
by this means, broken and all we have
to do is to scatter the little colonies
about the yard where we want them
to remain. The parent colony should
be made very strong by systematic
feeding begun as early in the season
as practicable. Not more than one
super should be given for the more
room the colony has the longer will
preparations for swarming be retard-
ed. However, when queen cells are
started, either naturally or from ar-
tificial cell-cups as the apiarist dic-
tates, they shoiTld not be taken from
the colony till the young queens are
ready to emerge.

Of course, the colony will swarm if
the weather is suitable, as soon as the
cells are capped, but they must not be
allowed to have their own way at that
stage of the game. Those queen-cells

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

1904.

must be kept good and warm for prop-
er development, and this can only be
done by keeping the colony together
till they hatch. Just enough bees
should be taken from the swarm to
start a nucleus with the old queen,
while the remainder are to be returned
to the hive from whence they came.
Now if there is any available hatching-
brood tha^ can be spared from other
colonies in the yard, give it to the now
queenless colony or colonies that the
desire to swarm may become rampant.
This will cause the workers to
guard the unhatched queen-cells from
the attacks of the first queens that
emerge from the cells; otherwise they
might be allowed to destroy a portion
of the cells were the weather to tiu-n
cool about that time. An entrance-
guard of perforated zinc should be at-
tached to the hive to prevent the
swarm running away in the event that
other matters demand your attentio'i
much of the time when the bees do.
This treatment insures strong, vigor-
ous queens whereas if the colony were
broken up as soon as the cells are cap-
ped, the embrygo queens are tumbled
about in their cells, and then the cells
are often deserted by the bees on cool
nights after they have been placed in
the little colonies which invariably re-
sults in very inferior queens. Bees
that do not have a desire to swarm,
but instead are devoted to home in-
terests, having a good laying queen,
are very presistent about returning to
the old location. In such cases it is
almost impossible to hold the older
bee with the nuclei if neighboring
hives are close to where the parent
hive was and resemble it in appear-
ance.

Tall grass, weeds, or little sticks of
wood placed against the front of the
hive, in fact anything that obstructs
the entrance somewhat, is a great
help, for it causes the bees to turn and
mark their new location upon leaving
the hive. But it is better to break
the tie that binds them to home and its
sweetness before any artificial increase
is made in crowded apiaries.

Wheelersburg, O., April 12. 1904.

Ill

THE PREVENTION OF IN-
CREASE.

By C. Theilmann.

MUCH has been said and written
in regard to methods to prevent
the increase of colonies. I
have tried a number of these witliout
satisfaction, but during the past eight
or ten years I have practiced a plan
which is very satisfactory to me. It
is as follows:

By way of preparation, I clip one
wing of each queen in the apiary be-

We are arranging a Honey Dealers'
Directory for continuous publication
in these columns. If you buy or sell
honey, please write for particulars.

MR. THEILMANN.

fore they become very populous in the
spring, as they are then easier found.
This prevents the escape of swarms,
as the queens cannot fly, and they are
easily picked up on the ground as they
crawl about before the hives when
swarming. They are caged and l;iid
before the entrance until the swarm
comes back, which it will do as a rule.
Even if four or five swarms cluster
together, they will separate and go
back to their respective hives if the"
queens are not with them. Thp caged
queens are either killed or left at the
entrances until some place is found

112

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

where they may be used to advautage.
If they are good oues, they are some-
times left at the entrances two to
four weeKs, aud then introduced to
other colonies which are headed by in-
ferior queens.

Only a few days ago a queen was
introduced successfully which was
been cared for at the entrance of a
hive from the lirst until the twenty-
ninth of July and the yt)ung daughter
was meantime laying briskly within.

On the seventh of eignth day after
swarniiug 1 go through the hive, and
as a rule find one or more queen-cells
hatched out, then I cut out all the re-
maining cells; or even if none are
hatched, I cut them all out just the
same and lay a number of the ripest
oues before the entrance for the bees
to care for until hatched. The "first
to hatch enters the hive and becomes
the reigning (lueen — killing all the
young queens that may enter after she
has taken possession.

If cells are cut out before the sixth
or seventh day after swarming, the
workers may start other cells from the
latest lai'vae; that is, the youngest lar-
vae iti the hive.

The critical time is when the young
queen takes her flight, as often the
bees swarm out with her and may be-
come mixed up with other swarms
which may be in the air at the same
time, and thus all may escape with the
young queen. However, if no other
swarms are out at the time, they usu-
ally go back to their own hive all
right. But if they do get mixed in
this way, I allow them to cluster and
put them into a swarm-box and divide
them among the hives from which they
came. If I am doubtful as to whetht-r
any one lot has a queen, I simply give
them one or two of the cells cut out, as
mentioned in the foregoing, and of
which I have a lot on hand in the ap-
iary at swarming time. In this way
there will be but few queenless col-
onies in the yard after swarming time;
and the colonies can be kept strong,
which is absolutely necessary for the
production of comb honey.

Theilmanton, Minn., Aug. ,3, 1003.

THE "AVESTERN ILLINOIS'

Our offer of the American Farmer
one year free to all subscribers M'ho
pay a yenr in advance for The Bee-
Keeper, still holds good.

Report of April Meeting.
By J. E. Johnson.

THE beekeepers' society that was
organized in Galesburg, Ills.,
last January, met in the coun-
ty court room in Galesburg April 30th.
To broaden the scope of the organiza-
tion, the name was changed to "West-
ern Illinois Bee-keepers' Association."
The question box was the principal
feature of the meeting, it being the
best way to draw all present into the
discussion. The question of wintering
was pretty thoroughly discussed. We
have had a very hard winter on bees
and an exceptionally backward, cold
spring.

Reports on wintering were as fol-
lows: One bee-keeper had last fall
seventy colonies in chaff hives, winter-
ed on summer stands and lost all but-
seven. It was thought that moisture
collected and froze and closed the en-
trances. This man was an up-to-date
bee-keei)er of thirty years experience.
One inember had eleven colonies last
fall in single walled hives packed with
cushion on top. No other protection
except good wind-break. He left en-
trance three-eights deep open clear
across the hive and only lost two col-
onies. Nearly all lost a part of their
bees. I myself lost nineteen out of
fifty-five colonies, mostly from spring
dwindling. Only lost eight or nine up
to April 1. One member Avintered six-
ty colonies in cellar. Set them out
Felu-uary 6 and had three weeks of
zero weather afterwards and only lost
seven colonies: but they became pretty
weak from spring dwindling. We had
no warm days from November 7 till
February 5; so that bees had not a
real good flight for nearly three
months

.Judging from average results it
would seem that bees must have con-
siderable ventilation even in extremely
cold weather.

I had three third swarms in hives,
a La Aikin. two Ideal supers of eight
frames each, and they came through
the strongest of any I have. One was
covered with newspaper on three sides
the other two only cushion on top of
frames. Tliere was some chance for
air to come in between papers, and

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

113

bees could move easier between lower
and iiyyer combs. Owiug to early cold
weather 1 did uot cover, but oue-balf
my hives with newspapers. Those
covered on four sides suffered most
from dysentery and dampness. Eight
colonies in cellar came out well, but
lost three from dwindling.

I have concluded — judging from my
experience of this exceedingly hard
winter — that I shall next fall cover all
hives with four or iive thicknesses of
newspaper on east, north and west
sides of hive; but leave south side with
out. I live on a hill with no wind-
break. We have not known that there
was any foul brood near us, but one
new member reported that he has had
foul brood for -fifteen years only about
eighteen miles from Galesburg. In
fact foul brood killed all his bees about
ten years ago, so he had given up bee-
keeping, but last year bees came and
took up their abode iu his hives so he
now has sixteen colonies. Bees showed
no sign of disease last fall but this
spring one colony shows disease. We
shall endeavor to wipe out the disease
if possible.

Our meeting was very interesting
and all members felt well repaid for
coming. We are gradually adding new
members, in fact one man sent mem-
bership fee and asked to join although
he lives in an adjoining state ilowa).
So Ave have begun to feel real proud
of our new association. Gatesbu'— is
a town of about 20,000 population, sev-
eral railroads and several suburban
street car lines so that people can
reach that point conveniently. We
voted to join the National Association
in a body. Onr next meeting will be
at the court house on the third Tues-
day of September, litO-t.

All bee-keepers within reach of
Galesburg should attend. All are cord-
ially invited.

Williamsfield, 111., May 10, 1904.

ANTICIPATED SW^ ARMING.

By Adrian Getaz.

WHAT we call here now "brush-
ed" or "shook" swarms are
called in Europe "anticipated"'
swarms. Two methods have been in
use there for quite a number of years.
The first is called anticipated swarm-
ing by single permutation. It is ex-

actly the process used here and needs
not to be described. The second is
much the best and is called anticipated
swarming by double permutation.

To explain it as clearly as possible,
let us suppose that the apiary contains
only two hives and an unoccupied
stand thus.
Hive No. 1. Hive No. 2.

Stand No. 1. Stand No. 2. Stand No. 3.

When the time to operate comes the

hive No. 2 is placed on stand No. 3.

The queen and all the bees of hive No.

1 are driven out and put in a new hive
on their own stand. They constitute
a swarm just in the same condition as
those made by single permutation. The
hive No. 1 thus deprived of its bees
and queen is then placed on stand No.

2 and receive there the ifield bees of
the hive No. 2. We have then:

Swarm Hive No. 1. Hive No. 2.

Stand No. 1. Stand No. 2. Stand No. 3.

Eight days later the hive No. 1 being
without queen, will have a number of
queen cells. It is then put on stand
No. 3 and the hive No. 2. brought back
to its place. We have finally:

Swarm. Hive No. 2. Hive No. 1.

Stand No. 1. Stand No. 2. Stand No. 3.

Now for the advantages of this
method: The swarm on stand No. 1 is
in the same condition as those obtain-
ed by single permutation. But the
hive No. 2 on stand No. 2 will give a
much greater stn-plus than would a
forced swarm. It has had a field force
and a brood nest all the time. Having
not to rebuild a brood nest it can work
in the surplus boxes much more than
a forced swarm; and finally the ab-
sence of its queen during the eight
days that the brood nests were ex-
changed, has killed the swarming fe-
ver completely.

As to the hive No. 1. now on a new
stand, it has no field force, has lost a
large number of emerging bees while
it was on stand No. 2 and will requeen
out of its queen cells without danger
of swarming.

This method is the invention of Mr.
De Vignole, of Belgium. I might add
here that there is no hunting of queen
and no queen cells to cut out when us-
ing it.

Knoxvllle. Tenn.

Tell others of your successes and
failures and the reasons.

114

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

PENNSYLVANIA STATE BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

Pursuant to a call for a convention
of tne Bee-Keepers in i'euusylvauia a
number of persons met at Williams-
port on April 12, and organized the
Pennsylvania State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation with the following officers:
President, Prof. H. A. Surface, State
College; 1st Vice President, E. E.
Pressler, Williamsport; 2ud Vice Pres-
ident, W. A. Selser, Philadelphia; 3rd
Vice President, J. N. Prothero, Du-
bois; Secretary, D. L. Woods, Muucy;
Treasurer, E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore;
Executive Committee, Richard D. Bar-
clay, State College; Charles N. Green,
Troy; Prof. E. 2s. Phillips, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; E. A.
Dempwolf, York, and John D. Costello,
Harrison Valley.

The cheif purpose of this organiza-
tion is to promote Apiculture in Penn-
sylvania and it is to be accomplished by
efforts made along the following lines:
(1) To secure legislation for the pro-
motion of bee-keeping. (2) To suppress
the diseases of bees, especially foul-
brood, by legislation and by the ap-
pointment of a competent State In-
spector with deputies or assistants. (3)
To secure and promote instruction in
bee-keeping at Farmers' Institutes. (4)
To secure a series of lectures at the
normal session for Farmers' Institute
Lecturers to be held in Bellefonte next
October. (5) To make it possible for
persons to obtain instruction in api-
culture at the Pennsylvania State Col-
lege. (6) To induce and promote in-
vestigation and experimentation in
apiculture at the Pennsylvania State
Agricultural Experiment Station. (7)
To induce and promote investigations
and publications by the Division of
Zoology of the Pennsylvania State De-
partment of Agriculture. (8) To en-
force the laws of Pennsylvania against
adulteration of honey. (9) To secure
laws against spraying fruit trees while
In l)Ioom. (10) To obtain statistics con-
cerning bees and bee-products within
our state. (11) To enter upon a cru-
sade of apicultural erlucation in this
State, both for producers and consum-
ers of honey. (12) To instruct fruit
growers and farmers as to the practic-
al value of bees as fertilizing agents
for their plants, and to show the fact

that they are wholly beneficial and
never injurious. (13) To raise the rank
oi Pennsylvania as a honey-producing
fetate irom fourth in the Ljnion to first,
it possible. (14) To band together all
the bee-keepers of the State for the
purpose of good fellowship and that
strength, which is to be obtained only
by union. (15) To make it possible for
all persons who are not now keeping
bees to add to their revenues by the
production of honey, and to increase
both the quantity and quality of the
honey produced in this state.

The Association desires the name
and address of every man in the State
who has one or more colonies of bees,
and for this purpose invites persons to
correspond either with the President
or the Secretary statmg the number
of colonies or hives kept, and giving
statistics as to the amount of honey
and wax produced each year. The
membership fee is only one dollar per
year, which also entitles the individual
to membership in the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, and gives him
special protection and assistance at
any time it may be required. For ex-
ample^if a member of the National
Association becomes involved in liti-
gation the National Association will
fiu-nish expert testimony and counsel
such as may be necessary to secure
equity in the courts of justice.

This commendable undertaking
should receive a large membership,
and all persons interested are invited
to send their names, addresses and
fees to the secretary, and these will
be registered and receipted.

The next meeting will be held in
Harrisburg during the first week of
December when several papers will be
presented by practical and expert men
bearing upon the various problems of
bee culturists in our State.

Correspondence is earnestly so-
licited.

H. A. Surface, President,
Harrisburg, Pa.
D. L. Woods, Secretary,
Muncy, Pa.

"The sample copy of The Bee-Keep-
er came to hand yesterday and it is
just exactly to my taste. "^ — J. J. Eng-
brecht.

All supplies necessary for the sea-
son should be now on hand.

1904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

W^IRING FRAMES, ETC.

11[

By Robert H. Smith.

IN THE January number of your
valuable magazine, Mr. Jameson
tells of a very attractive manner
of wiring brood frames. I bave been
picturing to myself how nice it would
be to stand in the shade of one of the
grand old maples back of the house
swarthed in a fur coat, with the balmy
March breeze gently slipping icicles up
and down my spines and the thermom-
eter registering zero or below. So
much for nonsense, now for business.
Mr. .Jameson's plan is indeed an ad-
mirable one, I should think for a M^arm
climate like California, or for New
York either, if the brood-frames are
wired during the warm months: but
nearly every bee-keeper likes to get
his hives ready during the winter

SMITH'S WIRING DEVICE.

when the work in the "yard" isn't
crowding him. I think my plan will
ap])eal to such as these.

I have a small table-like contrivance
the exact size of the inside of a brood-
frame. At each end there is a cleat
nailed which lets the frame slip down
just half way. My frames are staple
spaced and for the Hoffman frames
these end cleats would have to be cut
away to allow for the projections om
end bars.

Underneath this table-top construct
a box large enough to hold your spool
of wire when lying on its side. Now
hold your table in front of you with
the box at the right hand end and near
the corner drill a small hole. A slide
floor can be arranged for the door if
you like to keep the wire from falling
out. However, mine has never bother-
ed me in this way. When you are
ready to wire, slip your spool into the
box so as to unwind from the top side.

thread the wire through the small hole
■before mentioned, and go ahead.

I wire my frames in the regular
manner and drive both tacks to hold
the wire after the frame has been laid
on the contrivance that 1 have de-
scribed, the frame being laid on with
the top-bar from me and the tacks
driven in the right hand end-bar in
every case.

Have a system and you will be sur-
prised how much faster you will get
along than to go at yoiir work hap haz-
ard. Folding paper trays for section
cases is another slow job. Try having
a board cut slightly smaller than the
inside of your shipping cases, fold the
paper on this and fasten them with
sealing wax or something similar.They
can be folded up during the winter and
packed away and will all reaay for the
fruit bloom honey that I hope you will
get.

Brasher Iron Works, N. Y., March
G, 1004.

CYPRIANS AND OTHER RACES.

A Reply to Dr. Blanton.
By Arthur C. Miller.

FROM i^r. Blanton's article in the
Bee-Keeper for May, x infer that
he had a particularly vicious
strain of Cyprians. On the other hand
I have what may perhaps be consid-
ered a particularly tractable strain.
From observation of the race I believe
it is more variable in temper than
any other race except the "blacks."
In all parts of their worK the race
shows great uniformity, variation
seeming to lie almost wholly in tem-
per. The queens are remarkably pro-
lific, the workers are excellent honey
gatherers, rapid and uniform comb
builders and protect their home from
robbers in a very gratifying way. Pure
Cypriiiiis do not n^ake attractive comb
honey, but for producers of large quan-
tities they can not be excelled. If the
race should be bred with the same care
and selection that has been given t©
the Italian, I believe it would excel
anything we now have. Perhaps it
might be necessary to introduce the
blood of some race wnich capptd the
cells whiter in order to improve them
in that respect, just as ha,s been done
with the Italians to improve their lay-
ing and color. Such admixture is »een

116

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

even in the imported Italians, and it
is usually decidedly to their advan-
tage.

I do not believe that any of the races
in their purity are in all ways suited
to all persons and localities, or that
any one of them is an all-purpose bee.

I believe the quickest advance can
be seciu-ed by crossing different races
and strains, and acting on that belief
I have for years introduced new biooa
into my apiaries. I began with a
sti'ain of Italians which I lilvs^d. ^Alit-i.

likely to be in an undesirable as a de-
sirable direction.

Blacks, Cyprians, Carniolans ana
Italians all have points of excellence
and all have faults, and strains of
each race vary so that it is unsafe to
extol or condemn any race by the trial
of only one strain.

While my article on the use of smoke
seemed to reflect on Dr. Blanton's
ability in manipulation, it was not so
intended. I simply used his record of
experience with the Cyprians as a text.

MR. WILLCUTT IN HIS APIARV.

ever I got a new strain that showed
promise of virtues, I crossed them on
what I already had. Later I used
Carniolans and still later Cyprians.
The latter seem to be the strongest
blood of all, and they have proved tUt-
most valual)le for raising the gra^^i
of whatever strain they were crosseii
with. In crossing great care and pains
must be exercised in selecting in or-
der to secure the best results, for var-
iation induced by crossing is (piite a»

Dr. Blanton has had far more experi-
ence in handling bees than I have, and
I have great i-espect for his abilities;
also I have often received much aid
from his articles. If I offended him,
I beg to apologize.

Providence, R. I., May 17, 1904.

Do us the kindness to always men-
tion The Bee-Keeper when you write
to any of our advertisers.

imn.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

117

SMALL PACKAGES FOR EX-
TRACTED HONEY.

By A. E. Willcntt.

IN biiildiiifi" up a home niarket for
extracted liouey, I find it a bad
practice to sell in larse packages
to the consumer. The gallon can is too
large, for this locality at least.

I sell more exti-acted honey in quart
Mason cans, than in any other pack-

trouble of this kind, but it was when I
failed to put it u|) in "proper style."
If the honey is put in the cans hot,
and the covers well screwed down, I
have no further trouble with them,
and the honey does not "ooze out un-
der the covers'". The covers some-
times get jammed or imperfect; if
such covers are used'trouble may fol-
low.

In the past, I have had a few cus-
tomers who preferred to buy honey in
gallon cans; I suppose on account of

ANOTHER MEW OF MR. WILLCUTT'S APIARY.

age, and consider it one of the best
l>ackages for extracted honey. The
pint can is a good seller but costs
nearly as much as the quart and for
this reason I do not use itas a regular
package. For a small package I use
tlie .telly tumbler and this, too, I find
to be a good seller. And if properly
put up will not leak.

I see some are having troul)le with
the Mason can on account of its lealv-
ing honey. I, too. have had some

getting it a little cheaper. Last fall'
1 called on one of these and tried to
sell them some honey. But they said,
'"Xo, I guess not, I think we have
some of that we got of you a year or
two ago."' No sale.

Now, I think that if I had sold this
l)arty, only a quart can of honey at
each call, I would still be selling to
them in "small doses."

A feAV such cases as the above have
fully convinced me that the quart can

118

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

is a large enough package in which to
retail extracted honey. With one or
two exceptions, I find that where peo-
ple commence eating honey in a
wholesale way, they very soon tire of
it and ■R'ant no more, for a while at
least

Swift River, Mass., Feb. 18, 1904.

HONEY PLANTS.

By C. S. Harris.

SHORTLY after becoming interest-
ed in bees I made quite a number
of experiments with the seeds ot'
various nectar secreting plants and
plants and weeds from the north, with
the hope of adding to the natural bee-
inisturage about me. Tliis, so far. I
have not succeeded in doing, but it
may be of interest to mention some of
the plants tried and the results.

Sweet clover was the first and per-
haps the most extensive experimented
with, but, while it seeded itself, it
could not contend with the natural
growth about it and would finally be
crowded out. It made a vigorous growth
on our hanimoclv lands nnd even on the
lighter sand made a fair growth of
from three to four feet. Unlike its hab-
it north, it bloomed here the first sea-
son. The bees gave it but little atten-
tion. I am speaking of the white flow-
ered. The yellow variety grows here
naturally in abundance, but I have
never seen a bee on it.

Alfalfa I found vei-y difficult to get
established, owing to the delicacy of
the young plants, but I succeeded in
growing several beds of it five or six
feet in width and fifty or sixty in
length. It bloomed nicely and the bees
worked on it lightly at times. It died
out gradually within three or four
years from the time of planting.

Of catnip, Simpson's honey plant,
bornce and some other things. I suc-
ceeded in growing a few plants, but
they were not of stronc growth and
not in nuantity enough to attract the
bees, rieome grows well, particular-
ly on hammock soil, and is a generous
yielder of nectar, but would not take
care of itself and must be cultivated
for its nectar alone.

MnstaT'd and seven-top turnins are
of free crowth on hammock land r>tid
the bees always work well upon fho
bloom. The sunflower does finoiy
soTne seasons, but the seed, as a rule.

does not fill out well, although the
bees work faithfully upon the blos-
soms.

Crimson clover made a line growth,
bloomed freely and the bees worked
strongly upon it. I hope to give it a
more extensive trial sometime in the
future.

Of all the plants I have tested I
think perhaps the sunflower, crimson
clover, buckwheat, velvet bean and
mustard might be worth cultivation
for their nectar in connection with
their crop value in other respects.

I have tried about all of the clovers
and so-called clovers and think the
crimson the most promising here.
White clover grows and seeds itself
to some extent along th(? road sides in
low ground, but does not do so well
in the field.

Holly Hill. Fla., Nov.

1903.

The "Irish Bee Guide'' is the Jiame
of a new work on apiculture ,1ust from
the press. Its aiithor is our friend
and brother editor. Rev. J. G. Digges,
M.A., of the Irish Bee .lommal. and
member of the examining board of the
Irish Bee-Keepers' Association, com-
posed of experts. The work comprises
210 pages, with 1.50 illustrations, and is
the most exhaustive treatise on api-
culture ever issued in that country.
We have not yet received a copy, but
are anxiously awaiting its arrival, as
we are familiar with Dr. Digges' en-
tertaining and instructive style.

The St. Croix Valley Honey Produc-
ers Association was recently organized
in Wisconsin. The management of the
new organization is in the hands of
that hustling apiarist. Leo F. Hane-
gan, of Glenwood. In the circular
which is being put out by the Associ-
ation the American Bee-Keeper is said
to be the "l)est bee .iournal for the
price in the Ignited States." Thanks!
We hope the St. Croix boys may help
us to make it even better.

June is here and we are now ready
to "do things".

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D.. Eppinar. N. H.,
keeps 1 complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

■'M--M'>4>.M-^

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦»

ENGLAND.

"During a good lioney flow," says
the British Bee-Journal, "ten thous-
and bees can can-y into the hive one
pound of honey at one time. During
a moderate flow it may take 40,000,
and where the flow is extra good per-
haps some less than 10,000. may do it.
We calculate 20,000 to be the aver-
age."

The catkins of the hazelnut bush
are not visited by bees in England, so
it is claimed by Skinner in British
Bee-Journal. It is so in North Amer-
ica, while in Germany bees gather
pollen from them.

By using a regular heating stove (coal)
the cost of heating his house apiary
of G.3 hives dxiring a pear (from Nov-
ember till June) is only about $5.00
to '$6.00, says Brossard. He saves
about 50 cents worth of honey per
hive each year. Besides bees can
reach the honey in a warmed bee-
house, no matter in what part of the
hive it may be. They never starve
as long as there is a drop left any-
where. Bees may be fed successfully,
no matter how cold it is. To increase
the number of colonies is an easy mat-
ter, etc. He predicts this method of
wintering bees to have a promising
future.

NORWAY.

Dr. Astrup found many different
kinds of insects as high north as the
83rd desTee of latitude. Among them
he found honey bees, and he is satis-
fied that there are bees at the North
Pole. As the sun does not go down in
six months at the Pole, he thinks that
bees would have a splendid opportun-
ity to gather honey, etc., from the
bloom. (Central Blatt.)

GERMANY.

The winter in Germany has been a
very mild one.

Very best "Table Honey" is now be-
ing offered in Germany in the form of
a white powder under the name of
Fructln.

Brossard speaks in Thalz. Bztg.
very enthusiastically about heating
of bee-houses. As is well known, a
very large number of apiaries in Ger-
many are house-apiaries, which can
easily be warmed up, if thought of ad-
vantage. Renner speaks of water and
steam heating as being satisfactory.

Mentzer has the following to say in
Pfilzer Bztg. about the management
of bees before swarming time: "At
the end of M^rch or beginning of
April the apricot, cherry, plum and
pear send out their olossoms. Should
the weather be favorable during this
time, stimulative feeding is super-
fluous. It is a good plan to uncap the
sealed stores from time to time; it will
increase the activity'. During unfavor-
able weather every colony should re-
ceive one-fourth to one-half quart of
diluted honey daily in order that
brood- rearing may go on uninteiTupt-
edly. The greater activity has also
the tendency to increase the warmth
inside of the hive, which is beneficial.
The packing should not be removed
too early. As soon as a colony covers
all their combs, more room should be
given. Great care should be e.'cercised
in giving combs in the center of the
brood-nest. The beginner better not
do so. During the applebioom frames
filled with comb foundation may be
given. By the middle of May many
colonies will be in shape to take advan-
tage of a honey flow, but they should
not be allowed to cast swarms thus
early. By removing a few combs of
hatching brood, swarming may be
effectually prevented. By the help of

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

120

this brood all colonies can thus easily
be brought to a state of full strength.
Should a colony cast a swarm, the
queen is removed aad the swarm
allowed to go back. A colony thus
treated will quickly fill up their combs
with honey. When the locust begins
to bloom supers should be put on, or
combs given. Toward the end of the
honey season .swarms may be ac-
cepted. But they will have to be
helped from other colonies in shape of
brood and combs in order that they
may get in condition for winter.

Schles. Imborblatt reports that five
cases of honey adulteration have late-
ly been .disposed of by the courts in
Berlin. Two men were fined each
500 marks, three dealers each 50
marks.— Central Blatt.

June 11

American hive will find more and.
more friends across the water. Ger-
stung constructed a "hive which is be-
coming quite popular! Strauli shows
one in the Bienenvater of December,
which he thinks is a vei-y practical
hive. The construction is shown plain-
ly in the accompanying cut.

AUSTRIA.

Some years ago a rather animated
controversy was carried on in the

GREECE.

The honey from the Mount Hymet-
tUfS has always had the reputation of
being the finest flavored honey in all
creation. The "Rodomeli" "rose hon-
ey" has also been noted. It is pro-
duced upon an island along the coast
of Greece, which is largely covered
with wild rose-bushes. From their
bloom the bees gather a honey which
is very aromatic and well flavored.
The rich Turks in Constantinople are
willing purchasers of this honey and
pay a high price for it. — Breiden in
Leipz. Bztg.

F. Grelner.

BELGIUM.

Nordlinger Bztg. as to the advantages
of the American L hive over the
Dzierzon hive. Our good esteemed
friend Stachelhausen on one side —
Gex-man bee-keepers on the other.
Since then the American system has
found some friends in the German
countries. A similar battle is going
on in Austria at present, Dzierzon on
one side, still adhering to his hive of
half a century ago; Strauli, of Switzer-
land, Alphonsus and others on the
other side. It would seem that the

Mr. Van Hay, one of the staff editors
of the Bucher Beige, has an article
mentioning something about the length
of life of bees.

He says that the population of a
colony is renewed tnree or four times
during the summer, and once between
October and the middle of April. Or
that, at least, the field bees disappear
during the winter, and when the
spring comes, only tho,se that were
young when the winter come remain.
A colony Italianized the 26th of Sep-
tember had no black bees left the llth
of April following. It must be remem-
bered that in Europe, bees are win-
tered out of doors, and that while the
summer in Belgium is much colder
than in our middle states, the winter
is comparatively mild. — Le Bucher
Beige.

Mr. A. Gustin. in making a list of
apicultural tools, mentions a small
looking glass. Sometimes one is stung
on the face, and with thelooking glass
it is easy to see the sting and take it
out. — Le Bucher Beige.

Mr. Burkhardt. in the course of some
experiments on the proper size of
hives, or rather brood nests, found in
large hives and strong colonies from

1904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 121

40,000 to 01,000 cells occupied by ALGERIA,

brood. This last figures mean a daily

egg laying of nearly three thousand Mr. Bourgeois gives a peculiar pro-
eggs. — Le Bucher Beige. cess to prevent swarming. The usual

entrance is closed and another one is

In the spring of 1903. Mr. Wathelet, established between the body of the
the editor of the Bucher Beige, found hive and the supers. This change also
several of his colonies weak, and had induces the bees to work in the supers,
to feed them. Une of the strong col- It might be well to say here that the
onies began to rob, and consideral)le Euopean apiarists work exclusively
trouble followed. Finally Mr. Wath- for extracted honey, and that the pro-
elet put an empty story with twelve cess might not be as successful when
combs on the robbing colony and fed working for comb honey. — L' Apicul-
them vigorously, as soon as the teur.

combs were full, they were given to

the weak colonies. ^Vhile fed. the PRANCE,

colony never attempted robbing. The

bees were undoubtedly "too busy." Mr. F. S. Gassner has invented a

machine to uncap the combs of honey
Among the causes of starvation dur- to be extracted. Curved knives are
ing the winter, some cases of honey placed on a revolving cylinder. Above
candled solid in the combs are men- the cylinder is a frame holding the
tioned. Another cause Is a bad dls- comb to be uncapped. As the frame
position of the honey In the hive, ia pushed In its guides, It carries the
Occasionally there is a nan-ow strip comb above the cylinder, and the
of honey at the top of each comb, and knives cut out the cappings, which
after the bees have consvimed what Is drop into a receptacle below. — L' Api-
within reach, they cannot pass to oth- culteur.

er combs, if the weather Is too cold. —

Lie Bucher Beige. Dio bees transport eggs from pne

cell to another? The qiiestion is yet

Mr. Ignotus, in a contribution on debated. The Apiculteur gives three
spring feeding, raises the question of instances in which they did. In the
the water consumed in the spring, spring of 1900 a colony belonging to
The amount needed is considerable. Mr. Harrault, was found queenless.
The experiments made bv Preuss "Two combs of brood were added. A
show a consumption of one-eighth to few days later no queen cell was
one-fifth of a gallon per dav. He esti- found on these combs, but two with
mates that to bring in one gallon of larvae were found on one of the old
water, the bees have to make at least eombs. Why the bees transported
ten thousand trips. Stimulative feed- the eggs on the old comb instead of
ing should be made with very thin building the cells on the combs given
honey or svrup. Some apiarists add a is a mystery. Mr. Harrault thinks it
little bit of salt to the feed. The rea- may be because the combs given were
son for It is that very often the bees rather on the outside of the cluster
are seen sipping dirty water around and therefore in a colder place. An-
the stables; and It is supposed that other instance quoted is that of a
they prefer it because It contains some queen confined for a few days in a
salty substances. Others claim that wire cage. Some brood was found be-
as such water contains organic sub- low the cage. It seems that the eggs
stances similar to pollen, the bees take laid by the queen dropped through
it for that reason. It may be noted the meshes and were gathered and
in connection with the salt question, put in the cells by the bees. The third
that the honey and the bodies of the case is that of an apiarist finding a
bees contain ' only an insignificant queen-cell occupied in a broodless and
amount of salt. As to the amount to queenless colony. The cell hatched a
be fed, one pound of honey for two queen, so it was not a case of laying
weeks is enough when no brood is workers. After scratcnlng his head,
raised; but if there is anything like or rather his memory, the aforesaia
an amount of brood, two or three apiarist remembered that one day
times that amount every few days may while working in the apiary, he pusn-
be necessary.— Le Bucher Beige. ed under the frames of that colony a

12:

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

small piece of broken comb containing
a few eggs and some honey. Tliis was
don^ to save the honey and at the
same time not leave it in the open to
start robbing. Evidently the bees
transported one off the eggs in a suit-
able place to raise a queen. — L' Api-
culteur.

GERMANY.

We American apiarists are not the
only ones pestered by the fabrications
of mixtures and concoctions of glu-
cose and other Ingredients and the
selling of the same for honey. In
Gtermany. several large factories of
such products are in existence and sell
openly such products, calling them
artificial honey or some other names.
In one of these factories an unlucky
cat fell In one of the cauldrons where
a mixture of extra fine (?) honey was
boiling. Nobody was present at the
time of the "catastrophe". When the
contents of the cauldron were nearly
entirely taken oiit and bottled up, the
corpse of the unfortuuc^te cat was dis-
covered. The employees of the estab-
lishment held an inqiiest over the
body, and decided to call in the propri-
etor. That individual, after inves-
tigating the status of his finances, de-
cided that he could not afford to lose
such an amount of "extra fine honey."
and ordered the bottling and selling to
proceed. An iniunction was issued to
all employees to keep the matter a
profound secret. Like all the pro-
found secrets, the affair leaked out.
The proprietor was prosecuted, appre-
hended and condemned to a fine of
.1,000 marks ($1,250). What the inward
feelings of the consumers of the brand
of "extra fine honey" may have been
when they read the account in the
newspapers is not stated. — From Le
Eucher Beige.

Adrian Getaz.

YoDkers, N. Y., May 10, 1904.,
Dear Mr. Hill:—

As you know, the past winter has
been very "fierce" up North and my
two out-door hives lost about half of
their population. As for the "Bug
House," its inmates thrived and in-
creased so fast during March and
April that they began building combs
on the glass sides, for want of room,
so I transferred the whole bunch to a
regulation hive and put them out of
doors, and at present they are "as busy
as hatters" on fruit bloom.

Dickson D. Alley.

West Berne, N. Y., May,2 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper: —

I have successfully wintered 104 col-
onies in cellar— exactly the same num-
ber I put in last fall. This is some-
thing that is very seldom done here. I
have been moving bees during the last
week, and while the spring has been
one of the lowest grade, bees are
strong and in good condition, though
not breeding heavily yet. I hope dur-
ing the year to be able to show by pen
and camera some of my methods of
keening bees and rearing queens. I
will prove that the best queens can be
reared at home and the nuclei wintered
and used again and again, without rob-
bing colonies here and there to keep up
nuclei. T do not pretend to know it all,
but my writings will be founded upon
an experience of 15 years. I like the
American Bee-Keeper very much.
P. W. Stahlman.

The Bee-Keeper's Review thinks it
time for the National Association to
publish each year a stenographic report
of its meetings, together with the re-
port of the genera] manager, for dis-
tribution among the memborship. It
Is evidently the duty of the associa-
tion to do so and it is difPcult to im-
agine any valid objection to the pro-
ject. Official information .--s to ihe
work of the association, in all its de-
tails, should be furnished each mem-
ber as promptly as expedient.

A Seasoned Rustic. — The young
daughter of a prominent New York
■financier, who has passed most of her
years either in the city or at larcre sum-
mer resorts, recently paid her first vis-
it to a real country home. She was
anxious to show that she was not al-
together Ignorant of riiral conditions,
and when a dish of honey was set be-
fore her on the breakf.ist table she
saw her opportunity. "Ah," she ob-
served. "T see you keep a bee." — Har-
per's Weekly.

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Swathmore babies
borned" everywhere."

123
"being

Tliere's notbiug baa so "good as
honey" for twice the '•money" and
glucose is worse than nothing at any
price.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA.

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies S5
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States ant:
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertisins: Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements m'ust be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to Insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department mav be addressed
to H. E. Hill,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. W'e hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
yqu owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your earliest attention.

Raising bees for sale, instead of run-
ning for honey, would probably prove
pro'titable to those suitably equipped,
this season.

Mr. E. H. Dewey, of Great Barring-
tou. Mass., has assumed charge of Dr.
Culver's "Brookmede" apiary, and will
engage in the rearing of queens.

Prospects for good prices and an ac-
tive market for the honey crop in pros-
pect are encouraging to those who
have successfully wintered their bees.

Commenting upon Dr. Blanton's re-
cent remarks concerning Cyprians, a
correspondent says: "A premature
grave await the man who persists in
trying to earn a living with Cyps."

INIr. Henry Reddert. of Cincinnati,
has recently invented a section press
by the use of which two sections are
squarel.v put together at one operation.
The inventor says it works to perfec-
tion.

Hives for the reception of swarms
should be kept in the shade. Bees dis-
like a hot hive: and newly-hived
swarms frequently abscond as a result
of this oversight upon the part of the
bee-keeper.

To those unaccustomed to its use, a
generous taste of pure, well-ripened
honey is the best advertisement possi-
ble. The "taste' is what leads to the
habitual use of any commodity or lux-
ury. It don't pay to be stingy.

("omi)laints of honey-dew, which
were formerly so frequent, are now
seldom heard.

A favorite topic with apiarian writ-
ers of the eighties was, "The" Coming
Bee." However, nothing of great im-
portance has "come." during the past
fifteen years or so. If it has. its land-
ing has been unobserved.

The poorest salesman in the world
might be one of the most successful
producers of honey. Both branches
should be directed by competent
hands; and it is difficult to say which
of the two is the more important.

It is said that a specimen of honey
from Trebizond. gathered from the
rhodoendron ponticum, which is com-
mon in that vicinity, was sent in 1844

124

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

to the Zoological Society of London,
and in 1859 its poisonous qualities
were still retained.

Tlie Pacific States Bee Journal cites
as Its authority for the statement that
a Honolulu bee-keeper produced 300,-
000 pounds of honey in a season from
200 colonies, the last annual report of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association.
There are a number of things in that
report which should be revised before
reproduction.

Mr. E. M. Storer, who returned from
Cuba, as recently noted in these col-
umns, and purchased an apiary at Wa-
basso. Fla., writes that he will not
get honey enough for breakfast from
the saw palmetto this year. He is now
making inquiry as to rates for ti-ans-
porting bees to Cuba. During the past
poor season in Cuba, Mr. Storer took
from 900 colonies ten thousand gallons
of honey and eleven hundred nuclei.
It appears that Cuba is still in the
race.

Perhaps no other question is more
often asked, in regard to apiculture,
than, "Does bee-keeping pay?" A hard-
er question would be difficult to imag-
ine. Does store-keeping pay? Yes and
no. Under the same conditions either
is profitable to certain persons. Under
the same conditions neither is profit-
able to others. Some succeed where
otliers fail. Some fail where others
would have succeeded. It's so the
world over, in all brnnches of industry
and commerce.

The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee
makes the following pertinent com-
ment, with reference to the National
Association and its doings:

Let the membership have a report of
the annual meetings, advertise honey
everywhere, promote the general inter-
ests of the industry, go after adulter-
ators, get laws passed for the promo-
tion of the industry, see that bee-keep-
ing sets proper recognition at the
hands of all fair associations, county,
state and nation.

From a recent editorial in the Amer-
ican Bee Journal, it appears that the
old Cotton hive fake is again being
worked. Lizzie must have been hi-

bernating, and but recently awakened;
but her schemes to extort money from
the ambitious, though unwary bee-
keeper will doubtless fall short of the
success with which they met "'some
twenty years ago." Bee fixtures with
which the name "Cotton" is in any
way associated have about them an
unsavory odor in the nostrils of the I
practical apiarist. It would be well j
for the uninitiated to "fight shy'' of |
Cotton goods until their history has j
been investigated. We have for some
time had an article in hand, by Mr.
E. F. Atwater, Boise, Idaho, in regard
to this hive, which is well known in
his locality. We hope to publish it
next month.

Editor Root, of Gleanings, thinks we
need have no fear as to the results of
the iiopular advertisement, "better
than honey for less money." There is !
no fear as to bee-keepers, or others i
who are familiar with the excellence
of honey as a food, but it is the mil-
lions of others who know practically
nothing of honey who will be duped;
and their experience with the glucose
in cans may bar the way to the intro-
duction of honey, pure and wholesome.

The time to clip a laying queen is
the moment you find her. The plan of
keeping all queens clipped enables the
operator to control swarms and to
identify his queens.

If a hive contains a clipped queen,
have some exterior mark which to the
eye of the apiarist means, "Clipped
Queen". Then, if the record shows the
date upon which she was clipped a
case of supersedure will oe readily
recognized by a sight of of the young
queen.

Those who labor so vigorously to
proclaim the obstacles with which the
publicatian of a bee journal is fraught
and consequentl.v advise so earnestly,
against others embarking in the field,
we have never known to observe the
fact that the most beautiful, and one
of the most valuable .iournals in the
world is comparatively new in the
field: nor the additional fact that the
.iournal having by far the largest cir-
culation on the whole list of bee jour-
nals. Is by no means the oldest. The
adage, "there's always room at the

LI 104

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

125

lip- applies as well to apiarian jour-
uilism as to auy other business, and
iK're is ample room for improvement
n any and all tbe bee papers. They
lie all successful in one particular,
uul that is the success with which
Jicy escape the seal of perfection. The
.Vinerican Bee-Keeper sees opportun-
ities for the man who has the capital
uid ability to overshadow everything
i|iiow in the field, in this line, and it
I would welcome his advent, heartilj'.
i We ask not that the earth and the full-
I luess thereof shall be set apart for our-
! selves.

Iveeper, and we hope to have a very-
complete list of dealers and producers
constantly under this heading. Better
advertising means better prices and a
wider distribution of our ijroduct.

If you deal in honey, or if you pro-
duce honey for the market, you are in-
vited to patronize this department and
thus keep your business before the
public.

OUR QUEEN DIRECTORY.

The increasing popularity of our
Queen-Breeders' Directory is attested
by the increasing patronage it re-
ceives. Prospective buyers of choice
queens are invited to consult this de-
partment; and breeders of responsi-
bility everywhere are invited to tell
our readers what they have to offer,
through the Directory. Good adver-
tising is the parent of profitable bus-
iness.

A HONEY DEALER'S DIRECTORY.

For the information of honey pro-
ducers, and as a means of effecting a
more general distribution of our pro-
ducts, as well as enabling dealers to
keep their business before the produc-
ing fraternity. The American Bee-
Keeper has undertaken to establish, as
a regular department in its columns,
a "Honey Dealer's Directory." In in-
augurating this special service we
shall endeavor to include only reliable
firms, and to arrange them in order.
by States, to facilitate ready reference.

Two nonpareil lines will be allowed
for each announcement, which must
run one full year. The charge will be
uniformly $1.2.5 for 12 months. Addi-
tional words, not to exceed 50 may be
used at 12 cents each for the full year.
or one cent a word per month.

This department is intended, not only
for those who deal in honey, but Ks
purpose is to serve as a publicity medi-
um for producers who sell in quan-
tities.

The numerous inquiries received .«!t

this office, from those having honey

* for sale bears evidence of the necessity

for some such a department in the Bee-

l^HK ROCKY MOUNTAIN
JOURNAL SOLD.

BEE

Just as we were going to press with
the May edition of the Bee-Keeper, the
following letter came to hand:

Boulder, Colo., April 25, 1904
My Dear Mr. Hill: —

I have just sold the plant, subscrip-
tion list, good will, etc., of the Rocky
Mountain Bee Journal to P. F. Adels-
bach. editor of the Pacific States Bee
Journal and manager of the Central
California Honey Producers' Associa-
tion. The two journals will be merged
and published under a new and broad-
er name and will aim to serve the in-
terests of the bee-keepers of the entire
region of the eastern slopes of the
Rockies to the Pacific coast.

My reason for lefting go is that my
main business (honey production) has
now grown so large as to leave no time
for side issues. It Tiad become a case
of "too many irons in the dire."
Fraternally Yours,

H. C. Morehouse.

Thus we have to record the demise
of one of the most sprightly, practical
and neat bee journals that have ever
been published in the United States;
and while we sincerely wish Mr. More-
house abundant success as an apiarist
we deeply regret his retirement from
the editorial arena.

Brother Adelsbach is now getting
out a very instructive journal, of spec-
ial interest to Pacific Coast bee-keep-
ers; and if he can maintain the pace
set by Mr. Morehouse, he has before
him a great field. 0\ir sincere wishes
for success are with him.

THE SULPHUR CURB FOR BEE-
PARALYSIS.
In the May Bee-keeper was pub-
lished an extract from the Southland
Queen, wherein the editor of that
iournal stated that neither Mr. Popple-

126 THE AMERICAN

tou uor tlie Bee-Keeper iiad giveu tlie
vvoi-lu auyinmg iu regard to tiie tteat-
meut or paralysis tliat was uot kuowu
tweuly years ago. Tiie luiiowmg ex-
cerpt IS troiu uieauiugs tor April iu,
wliicii came to liaud just atter our
forms tor .uay liad closed:

"Mr. O. O. I'oppietou, or Stuart, Fla.,
wlio gave to ttie world ttie nrst suc-
cessful method of curing bee-paraly-
sis, by meaus of powdered sulphur,
has probably had as good au opportun-
ity of studying this peculiar disease,
which has hitherto baifled all efforts
at cure, as any other man in the Uni-
ted States, in the March issue of the
American Bee-Keeper he confirms an
opinion that has been expressed many
a time, that bee-paralysis is hered-
itary, or, rather, he goes on to state
that the "disease seems to be much
more prevalent in certain strains or
families of bees. At least four times
in the last ten years I have had to des-
troy utterly certain queens and all
their daughters, nearly all cases in my
apiary being confined to these partic-
ular bees. Certain queens seem to
transmit the germs of the disease
through queen daughters to their pro-
geny.' .

"He observes, further, that 'colonies
which hive the disease one season but
recovered without treatment of any
kind, are much more liable to have the^
disease next season.' And again, 'If
is the old bee, the field worker, that
dies.'

"It may be interesting to mention at
this time that others have followed
^ Mr. Poppletou's method of treatment
with entire success, which is nothing
more nor less than sprinkling the in-
fected combs, then repeating the treat-
ment a week or so later, and again if
necessary."

Th© above extract is from the most
widely circulated apiarian journal in
the world, and one of the most ably
and carefully edited. Gleanings evi-
dently appreciytes the fact that the
subject under discussion is one of vi-
tal importance to bee-keepers, and
therefore, in consideration of frater-
nal interests, gracefully acknowledges
the value of Mr, Poppleton's letters,
as published in the American Bee-
Keeper. In this respect Gleanings dif-
fers radically from the Southland
Queen, which appears to think well

BEE-KEEPER.

June

of everyone, excepting those who fail
to imbibe all the fine-spun theories
which take rise in, and ovei^flow from
Beeville, Texas.

The point which we are accused of
w^orking unfairly to make, is simply
the fact that bee-paralysis may be
cured by one or two applications of
sulphur over the bees and combs in-
fected. This fact we have demonstra-
ted upon several occasions during the
past seven or eight years. Mr. Atch-
ley's theory is virtually that bee-par-
alysis is simply a case of sour stomach
or heartburn. If such were the case,
any outward application would hard-
ly affect it^a dose of soda would
doubtless be necessary-

HENRY ALLEY TAKES A BRIDE.

Someone has sent us the following
newspaper clipping relating to a re-
cent romance in which figured the ven-
erable queen-breeder of Massachus-
etts, whom all will wish much happi-
ness:

Wenham, Mass., May 14. — The Bee-
man of Wenham sat in an old rustic
chair in the garden of his pleasant lit-
tle farm house on the shady side of
Larch rd., surrounded by budding li-
lac and syringa bushes. The air was
sweet with the fragrance of cheery
blossoms overhead, and the bees hum-
med busily to and fro fr®m the cherry
tree to some near-by maples.

A short distance away the Beeman's
wife, and bride of seven days, was
putting Qut some pansy plants. She
was a pleasant, healthy looking wo-
man, past middle age, and her hair
was slightly gray.

As he noted all these things the Bee-
man smiled, his eyes twinkled and his
face ligiited up. The Beeman's hair
was gray also. He was 69 years old,
though still strong and active as a man
of 50. Constant outdoor work had
kept him young and looking after his
boos from whom he had learned many
lessons, was so pleasant a task that his-
mind, also, had remained fresh and
kindly. He was of broad minded, phil-
osofthic disposition and besides Bee-
man had formerly been chief of police
of the town for many years and was
still one of its leading citizens.

The Beeman's real name was Henry
Allev, he had lived in the snug farm-

1904 THE AMERICAN

iiuube Oii ojuicu lu.., ior oo ^eura aiiu
nau KejjL uees -iu ^euiis. xiua uiereuy
uangs u xjreuy Aew iiiugiuuu rumauce,
lor i[ was Liie uees who uaa urouyiiL
lo iiiiii Lue cuiiieiy ui'iue, seen seiung
out yuusies lu tue gurueu.

As lieemuu ui w euiiaui, Mr. Alley
liau uecome Kuovvu an over tUe Uuuea
Stales anu in «^anaua, too. ne raisea
Dees uoi to sen tneir iiouey, uut tor
tue queens or ureeaing oees, tne
source or every liive. lie liad studied
tne naoits or Dees tor so long ana
Knew so inucn aDout tnem tnat lie at
last succeeded in raising a specimen of
queen mat would breeu working uees
w iiicn wouiu yrouuce more noney tnan
any otner Kina known to bee raisers.
He aiso wrote tour oooks on bee cul-
ture wnicii were widely read by those
mteresteu in tne subject. Tiiroagn tiis
booKs and tiis bees tiie Beeman be-
came famous and nis •■Golden Adel '
queens began to be sent far and wide.

Among tlie persons who sent in an
order tor one of ins queens was a Mrs.
Margaret Ball of Vernon Center, N.Y.,
anotner fair country town such as
Weubam. Mrs. Ball was a widow and
raised bees because she liked them
and liked to keep busy at out-door
work. Her family is prominent in Ver-
non, and her son, the Rev. J. C. Ball,
has recently been appointed president
of Kenka (college.

It was three years ago that the Bee-
man sent the queen to \'ernon Centre.
In November, 1902, he received this
letter :

"I owe you a debt of gratitude be-
cause were it not for the progeny of
the Golden Adel queen I would not
hav» an ounce of surplus honey. As
it was I have 125 pounds while my
neighbors have none.

"Mrs. Margaret Ball."

As a matter of fact it was a selfish
desire that developed the romance.
Honey, 125 pounds. Thew! The Bee-
man wanted that bee back. He wrote
and told Mrs. Ball so, but she was loth
to sell the queen. This entailed more
letters, and through them the persons
became better acquainted and their
correspondence more friendly.

The Beeman was a widower, and his
eldest daughter, Addie, a woman of

BEE-KEEPER, f, 127

after all, are not sufficient company
for a man.

The bees told him many things
about his correspondent. For one
thing, he thought, they tell me that
Mrs. Ball has a good disposition, for
she likes bees and bees like her, and
they never take to anyone that isn't
pleasant and good. Then again, she's
industrious or she wouldn't be keeping
them, and I know she must have
learned profitable lessons from the pa-
tient, busy creatures.

I like bees.

Bees like Margaret Ball.

Then, why shouldn't I like Margaret
Ball?

His thoughts were constantly run-
ning in this form.

And so the letters on bee culture de-
veloped into letters of love, for the ro-
mance, not as novelists would have one
believe, end when the young earl with
Arabella, pressed to his w^aistcoat,
dashes off in his royal carriage, and
some hearts remain sweet and roman-
tic even after gray hairs and wrinkles
have come.

When on May 4 the Beeman started
for New York State, the people of
Wenham wondered, for it was one of
the few times in many years that he
had gone on a distant visit.

On May 5 there was a splendid wed-
ding at the Ball house in Vernon Cen-
tre, N. Y. The Rev. J. C. Ball, son of
the bride, Presbyterian minister and
president of Kenka college came up
from Newark, N. .1.. to officiate. The
Beeman of Wenham was in his happi-
est mood, and the pleasant face of
Beewoman of Wenham, late of Ver-
non centre, actually shone.

On May 6 the pair arrived at the
Wenham home, and it was today that
they were found by a Record reporter
seated in the garden as described, the
picture of simple happiness.

"I wanted to get that bee back,"
said the Beeman, smiling as the in-
sects hummed about him and lighted
on his shoulders, "and instead I got
my wife."

ADTERTISING HONEY.

Successful advertising is a modern
science, and the chief exponent of this
science is Printers' Ink, a weekly mag-
azine published in New York. In
about 80, kept house for him. But bees, every issue Printers' Ink publishes a

128

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

number of "ads'- clipped from various
periodicals throughout the world. It
then proceeds to indicate the merits
and weak points of each example.
In a recent issue the following appear-
ed as an example of good work. "Good"
because it told the prospective buyer
something of interest and something to
attract in regard to the goods which
he was invited to try. The suggestion
is for a retailer's playcard, of course.
Different wording would be required
for a newspaper ad. However, it ap-
pears to be "up to" the bee-keepers of
the country to extend sales through the
medium of the public press, as is done
with all other commodities:

We don't believe the bees
can produce a more luscious,
a more perfect table delicacy
than this

Strained Honey
we've just received. It's the
kind that took first premium
at the World's Fair, it is far-
famed for its goodness.

15 Cents a Lb.
is cheap for it — but it's all we
ask.

CUTTING A BEE TREE.

From Forest and Sti-eam.

I PEEL considerably stuck up. That
phrase is not to be taken as slang,
and I am sure I have seen too
much of the world to feel as though
I was anybody in particular. I have
merely been "cuttin" a bee tree" and
getting some of the wild honey and
some of the things that go with it.

I have noted from time to time what
Forest and Stream contributors have
been giving us about bee hunting —
the last article I remember being
signed by Hermit. I would like to
have his full name, also his photo-
graph, so when I meet him I will be
sure that I have got him. I am a her-
mit myself, but I never monkeyed with
a bee tree until today, and I followed
some of Hermit's directions.

Hermit writes a very graphic and
pleasing epistle. No doubt he told all
he knew about bees, and something
more — but there is a quantity of wis-
dom and knowledge that is evasive. T
am quite positive just at present that

Hermit let some of it get away. He
may know something about some bees
but if he will call around in this vicin-
ity and chop down a bees' nest he will
get some points. ;j

You see it was this Avay. I've been !
hankering after honey. I wanted to
get some myself, and besides I wanted *
a few bees to help fix up ranch with.
Forest and Stream talked about bees
and honey, and when they commenced
coming to my garden this spring I
commenced to pike around after 'em.
I fixed up some bait and got 'em to
coming to it all right and then I
watched them.

I got several courses. In fact, as
near as I could tell, everyone of them
had a course of his own. Once in a
while one of them would go up the
creek, so I went up the creek. After
chasing them for two or three days I
had coursed them about 300 yards.
Then they began to go wild. Most of
them would fill up on my bait, make
two or three false motions, then zigzag
around a few times, shoot up toward
the sky and neither I nor my dog
could tell where in thunder they made
for. Finally I left my bait out and
there came a big rain and destroyed
it, then I quit for awhile. I was not
completel.v discourage<l, but I thought
I was losing my interest in bees.

One day a man came by my shack.
I don't see a man very often in this
vicinity, so I had to talk with him.
After a chat he said:

"Wal, how is it ye never cut that
bee tree u]> thar?"

"Well," I replied diplomatically, "it's
most too far, and in a kind of a bad
place to get at."

"Fur," said he; "why it ain't more'n
a quarter, and right alongside of the
creek and the road. Couldn't be in a
better place."

"Oh. you mean that dead white oak
near the crossing?"

"Naw, I mean the big black oak,
with the top broke off. near where
some feller has been makin' cedar
posts."

"Oh," I said in a sneaking kind of a
tone. "I calculated to cut that tree,
but I thought I had better wait and
give the bees a chance to get some
honey." T added conscientioiisly. to
myself, "besides. I'll be blasted if I
knew that tree had bees in it."

"Wal." said the man. "I'd cut it

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

129

now iiud save the bees; they'd have
time to fix up for winter. They're
worlciu' sti-ong now."

Then my visitor commenced telling

bee yarns. As soon as he left I went

up to see that ti'ee. Sure enough, they

were there, "bb"ilin' out it by haud-

: fuls,'' about thirty feet from the

I ground. The ti'ee was just out of my

• road up the creek, and I had passed it

about l,lOO times. Then this man,

passing it for the first time, had seen

! the bees at once. Such is life.

It was a large tree, about two feet
in diameter,and I thought it was sound
at the base. It looked like a big con-
j tract for me to cut it down alone and
I waited two or three weeks for some
one to come along who would like to
take a liand. Finally a party of sur-
veyors came along. I asked them if
they would like some honey. Oh, yes,
they would. I told tliem about how by
cutting the tree we could get some.
J Well, they rather guessed they didn't
ij have time — besides they didn't under-

stand cutting bee trees nohow.
I I then worked three days and made
1 two first-class bee gums, with two
compartments and numbers of frames,
air-holes, etc. I still look with pride
on what I consider a neat job.

When I had finished the gums I
couldn't wait any longer. I wanted
honey bad — having been entirely out
of it for several years — and besides I
wanted to see those bees in my new
hives, working for me on the ranch.
I got all the things together that I
exjiected to need, took my axe and a
bee gum and went up to see the bees.
I reached their front yard about 4
o'clock in the afternoon. I could see
from the ground that they were still
' open to business. It was one of the
warmest days we have had this year,
and I think bees are lively on warm
(lays.

I figured on the tree and thought I
could chop it down in an hour and a
half, and I wanted to monkey with the
bees about sundown. I thought it
would be pleasant in the coll of
the evening. The tree was in
? the shade of some tall pines, and I
' went to work. I chopped a good sized
' chip and listened. I didn't hear any-
thing buzz or whizz, so I kept on. The
bpps acted civilly — they were so higli
ni) in the world they simply ignored
people on the ground. But they didn't

know I was going to take 'em down a
little. The tree was hollow to the
ground and when I had blocked out
one side I saw 1 had time enough.

I rested awhile. 1 sort of liked to
rest while chopping, which is a good
deal like labor. I never labor without
resting whenever I have a good,
square chance. But the mosquitoes
were so bad I thought I might as well
chop, and before I expected it, I cut
through into the hollow so far that the
tree began to crack, then it squeaked
tottered and fell with a crash — an
hour ahead of time. There was a gran-
ite boulder thirty feet from the tree.
The bees seemed to be doing business
in the honey line about thirty feet up.
I calculated to drop them on the bould-
er, which would open up their works
in all probability without further use
of the axe. The tree fell on the bould-
er and burst like a pumpkin. The en-
tire domicile of the bees was opened
up to the public, which was, at this
place, two dogs and myself. I sneaked
up a few feet to see how things looked
before I put on my prepared armor,
which I had near by.

I didn't get a very good view, I came
away too soon. The air all at once
seemed to be one solid whiz, and was
so full of bees that my dogs gathered a
lot of them without trying, and went
off as though they wanted to get away
from there. One of the dogs was a
small, short-haired dog, and very
black. When he left I could see he
was full of little yellow spots that
looked like spangles. They were bees
and they clung to him as though they
had never seen a dog before. The dog
acted as though he never had bees be-
hind before.

I secured my armor and prepared for
action. I had only a small piece of
mosquito bar which I fastened to my
straw hat, letting it festoon my face.
I drew on a hickory overshirt (wearing
it like a bushwhacker, outside my
pants), then I tied a string around my
ankles, one around my waist and a
handkerchief around my neck; finally
I drew over my hands a pair of cotton
socks for gauntlets, and I was ready.

I approached the bees gradually. I
got in among them and they couldn't
do a thing to me. But didn't they try
it though! I never was the center of
so much attraction in my life, and I
had no notion till then how much rack-

130

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

et a few milliou bees can make. I peer-
ed into tlieir works in the tree, now
spread wide open. I never saw sucli a
combination of lioneycomb and mad
bees.

I tlieu got my hive, buckets and
pans, and went to work. Just about
this time the sun came out from be-
hind a tree and shone as though it
had concentrated all its rays to focus
on my operations. The bees got mad-
der and crazier. One of the dogs had
come back as near as he dared, and as
luck would have it he flushed a skunk
so close by that the animal pervaded
all the atmosphere that was not full of
bees. I got entangled in grapevines
and thought 1 could hear a rattle-
snake, but the bees made such a whiz
I could only guess at it. I grabbed all
the honeycomb I could see through
my veil, put it in the buckets and had
everything full and more left. My
gauntlets became loose and a few bees
got into them, my veil leaked and let
in a few, then a small contingent got
into my hair!

Now did those bees behave like
those Hermit tells about? Had the
"little wariors of a moment ago" found
they were to be robbed, and quit in
despair to fill up on honey? Not a bit
of it.

My hat felt as if full of red-hot barb-
ed wire, and my hands as though they
well full of red-hot fish hooks. If any-
one had come along then he could have
seen it was my busy day, and he
would have gone right away about his
business somewhere else.

As soon as I could get out of the
grapevines, rocks and brush, I made
for the creek and away from where I
seemtd to be as fast as I imagined a
man with only two legs to work with
could progress.

Talk about things with strings on!
All the things I had tied on to keep
the bees out were now keeping them
in! Some of the bees I took with me
wanted to get out, but they couldn't,
so they stayed with me — stuck right to
me. When I did get out of my extra
duds, every bee was simply stupified
with victory and satiated with re-
venge. I sat down to recover my
senses and incidentally to pick the
stingers out of myself that the bees
seemed to have had no further use for.
My dog seeme<l to have thought I was
insane, and he even risked the bees to
get around somewhere where I could

fall over him in my mad career. Now
he condoled with me, and I asked him
if he had ever made one of such a pair
of fools before in his life. He looked
skeptical and was non-committal, but
between his experience with the bees
and his traffic with the skunk he seem-
ed to feel humiliation too.

I left for home with half a barrel
of honey-comb, two or three pounds
of honey, a swelled head, a smarting
anatomy, lots of experience and a fond
hope to get a chance at Hermit and th«
bee editor of Forest and Stream come
day.

The foregoing account is merely the
record of the first day's operations
with bee tree No. 1. I never quit an
enterprise that I undertake so long as
I think the rest is easy, and that I
have had the worst of it. I went back
to those bees. I spent the next two
days with them, and dreamed of them
the intervening nights. There are
about eight gallons of them, and at
this writing I have them on my prem-
ises. I brought them down in two
loads, corked up in a keg and a box.
Whether I have one, two or three
swarms I don't know yet. I poured
them out and drove them into my new
gums with a switch. I divided them
as near as I could.

Today they all seemed to be bavins
a time of it themselves to get straight
ened out and reorganized. They ge1
out on the piazza to their new homes
and march from one hive to the other
They stand on their heads, kick at th(
sky and biizz and counter-march. ]
don't know what their plans are, bul
I do know they haven't quit fighting
back. They have not missed a rea
sonable chance to sting me. It is said
that when they sting they die; if this
is true and they keep at me, they wil
all commit suicide. There are only s
few million of 'em left. Before I en
my next bee tree I will wait unti
I can wear an ordinary shaped hat
Meantime I will think up some on th(
subject. Ransacker.

P. S. — I suppose there are apiarians
who think they know all abopt bees
and have written books. To the nov
ice I offer my advice free, viz.; don'i
try to read up on bees. You woulr
never get it all. Either cut a be<
tree and hive a swarm or two. or b(
content with patent honey made ou1
of sorghum and nitro-glycerine. R.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON IHIS PAGE, $3.00.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDuvA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the
year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
ect tested, $1.50. Our queens arc reared from
:he very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
La-Mar P 0., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

r- H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO
^» (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
jolden yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan
jueens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
inly $2.00.

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and (^amiolans. We guarantee saf(
arrival. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
>-' sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold-
en Italian queens that skill and experience
can pro(Juce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No
disease.

QUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their sumAer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Belleviue, Ohio. (5-5)

1^ CO.,

CENTURY QUEEN-REARING
. (John W. Pharr, Prop.) BER-
CLAIR, TEXAS, is breeding line golden
and 3-banded Italian and Carniolan qi'eens.
Pricesare low. Please write for speciAl in-
formation desired.

c WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTII-
>^ MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

C LONE BEE CO., SLONE, LOUISIANA.
kJ Fine Golden Queens. Leather-Colored
Italians and Holy Lands. Prices low.

I B. CASE, PORT ORANGE, FLA., has
J • fine golden Italian queens early and late.
Workers little inclined to swarm, and cap
their honey very white. Hundreds of his old
customers stick to him year after year. Cir-
cular free.

p EO. VANDE VORD, DAYTONA, FLA.
^ Breeds choice Italian queens early. All
queens warranted purely mated, and satisfac-
tion guaranteed.

M

OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to alL
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

THE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY,
1 BEEVILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Car-
niolan, Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded
Italian queens. Write for our low prices.
Satisfaction guaranteed.

pUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, England. 4

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

^^Under this heading -will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates.„igl

OHIO.

COLORADO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and _ state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices,
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(5-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and yooir best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo.

ILIilNOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Wate
Street, Chicago. (5-S)

HOXEY AND BEESAVAX
MARKET.

Denver, May 17.— The supply of comb honey
is exhausted, and the demands very light now,
though we could handle some small consign-
ments of No. 1 white comb to good advan-
tage at present. We quote our market today
as follows: Extracted, 1% to 7 3-4. Beeswax,
26 to 30c.

Colorado Honey Producers' Assn.

Kansas City May 18. — The demand ex-
ceeds the supply, and from the way honey is
now moving the old stock will be all cleaned
up by the time the new crop arrives. We
quote today: Fancy white comb, $2.75; No.
1, $2.50. Extracted is dull at 5 to 6c. Bees-
wax, 30c. C. C. Clemmons & Co.

Toronto, May 18. — Ontario has lost 30 per
cent, of her bees, and there is some talk of
higher prices next season for honey. The
supply is still abundant, with fair demand.
We quote our market today as follows: Comb,
$1.50 to $1.75 per dozen. Extracted. 6 to 8c.,
according to quality. Beeswax 30 to 32c.
E. Grainger & Co.

New York, May 17. — Comb honey very
cfuiet and dark grades or anything but fancy
is in no demand. The supply of honey is
large. We quote our market today as fol-
lows: Fancy comb, 13c.; No. 1. 12c.; am-
ber, 10c. Extracted, white, fiyz^. , amber, 5 to
5^/^c. Beeswax, 30c.

Hildreth & Segelken.

Buffalo, May 16. — Fruit hurts the sale of all
grades of honey and we cannot encourage
shipments here unless shinpers want their
honey sold low. The supply is moderate and
the demand very light. We quote as follows
today: Comb, 7 to 12c., as to quality. Ex-
tracted, 6 to 8c. Beeswax, 28 to 32c.

Batterson & Co.

Denver, April 19. — The supply of strictly No.
1 honey is small, with fair demand. We quote
today as follows: No. 1 comb, in cases of
24 sections, $2.50 to $2.75 per case. No. 2,
$2.25 to $2.40. Extracted, 6 3-4 to 7V4 for No.
1 stock. Beeswax is always m demand, and
we quote today, 26 to 30c.

Colorado Honey Producers' Assn.

Boston, May 14. — ^The demand for honey _:
extremely ligtit^ — almost nothing — and supplie
are heavy for this time of year; our price'
are therefore largely nominal. We quote
fancy white, 15 to 16c. ; A No. 1, 14 to ISc. am
No. 1, 14c., with no call for under grades
Extracted, 6 to 7c.

Blake, Scott & Lee.

Toronto, April 27.— The supply of honey i
still abundant and the market not very brisk j
The demand at retail is fair. We quote ou
market today as follows: No. 1 conil), pe
case, $1.75; No. 2, $1.50; culls, $1.25. Extracted
eVi to 7J^c. Beeswax, 30 to 32c.

E. Grainger &. Co.

Dublin, May 3. — Last year's supply is abou
exhausted and we quote today 1 pound sec
tions at 9/- per dozen.

O. & R. Fry.

Cent-a=Word Columni

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com-'
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $3.00,
will sell with leather case for J.3..50 cash.
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N.
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost $150, in first-class condition, was built tc
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 LakevieW:
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send foi
catalogue ancf terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED— To exchange six-month's trial
subscription to The American Bee-Keeper
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Address,
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

LEOTA APIARY.— Pure honey for sale al
all times. Thos. Worthington, LeotaJ
Miss. 411

Bee Supplies Exclusively

, A complete line of Lewis' fine Bee I Bingham's Original Patent Smokers
supplies. and Knives.

Dadant's Foundation. I Root's Extractors, Gloves, Veils, etc.

3ueen Bees and Nuclei in Season. In fact anything needed in the "Bee-
jine," at

FACTORY PRICES HERE IN CINCINNATI

yhere prompt service is yours, and freight rates are lowest. Special dis-
;ount for early orders. Send for cata log.

FHE FRED W. MUTH COMPANY

(We're Successors to Nobody, nor Nobody's Successors to Us.)
I WALNUT STREET CINCINNATI, OHIO

and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: '^•^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

ew Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

American

BEE

Journal

16 -p. Weekly.

^-_ Sample Free.

*®" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest beepaper; illustrated.

Departments for be^fianers
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,

QBORQB W. YORK & 60.
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago.Ilu

J s

'3 Subscription Agencies. t)

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5 can Bee-Keeper may be entered 2

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5 agents, when more convenient ©

5 than remitting to our offices at ©

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John W. Pharr, Berelair, Tex, ©

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Ontario. g

3 G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek, ©
S British Honduras. £
(3 Walter T. Mills, Bumham, N. ©
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3 England. ©
3 G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang- ©

anui, New Zealand. S

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i) ©

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i Special Notice to Bee=keepers! |

BOSTON

Money in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on

ROOT^S SUPPLIES i

Catalog for the Asking. |ri

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., §
Boston, Mass. ni

L Up First Flight.

fROVIDENCE
ROVE THEIR

0

DEENS

^ DALIT ES

TO BE

UNEXCELLED

Head your colonies with them.
Use them to invigorate your stock.
They will increase your profits.
Produced by many years of careful
breeding. A circular will be sent
on request.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,
P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

Put Your Trust in Providence Queens

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Qrape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, anniual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.*

' Send your business direct to Washington, (
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to U. S. Patent Office. FREE prelimln- i
' ary examinationa made. Atty's fee not due until patent (
' iB secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN— 19 YEAR8 «
' ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," i
I etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers J
■ receive special notice, without charge, in the;

INVENTIVE ACE:

; illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year.

918 FSt., N. W.,'
washington, d. c.

;E.G.SIGGERS,;

HTf If, eingha:
-■"'•J has made all the inii
' provemonts ir

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ihe last 20 years, undoubtedl}
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too ]ur'>. sen
postpaid, per mail $1 51

31.^ inch l.li

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.0'

2% inch

r. F. Bingham, VZ^^--y-\;y «,

Farwell, Mich. ^Utle Wonder, 2in. .t:

Patent Wired Comb FonDdation

has no sag in brood framesr

TbiD Flat Bottom Fonndation

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honeyi
Being the cleanest is usually worked th«i
quickest of any foundation made. The talB
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheapet
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.
Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

I. J. STRINGHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Keeps a full stock of hives, sections, and smokers — in fact
everything a bee-keeper uses.

Colonies of Italian Bees, in shipping boxes, $5.75

3 fr. nuc. col. _ _ _ - 3.75

Unt. Italian Queens, _ - - .85

Tested Italian Queens, - _ - J. 00

Apiaries. Glen Cove, L. I. Catalog free.

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICDLTIRAL MONTH-
LY IN THE UNITED STATES jUJi^^j^J^J^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM UND HAUS

& tf. BLUFPTON, OHIO.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-Sulptiur Water aud Mud Baths
Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

aid Kindred Diseastg, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaiati, Skin aad
Blaod liseates, Coastlpatlon, Nervoui
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
light and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, Slectric Lights, H«t and Cold Water
on each floor. Rates including Room, Board,
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Wuter Baths and
Medical Attiadance (no extras) $2.50 and
13.00 a day, according co room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yau the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All
Leading

V a r ieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Headquarters for Bee Supplies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are
the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed.
Langstroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey- Jars at lowest prices.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
same.

QUEENS NOW READY TO SUPPLY BY RETURN MAIL
Golden Italians, Red Clover and Carniolan Queens; untested during June

I— 75c

-$4.00

12— $7.50

O. H. W. WEBER.

OflBce and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrcce los mas reducidos prccios en to-
da clase dc articulos para Apicultores.
Nucstra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractorcs, etc. In
ventorcs y perfeccionadores de mucho?
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo soliciten. Dirija-

nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co.,
w Nashville, Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

shO".Jt have a copy at

Thfc) Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written er
peciai:y for amateurs. Second edition just on'
First edil ion of 1,060 sold in less than two yrar*
Editor Vurk says: "It is the Cneft little book pub-
lis'.ifcd ;;t f.ie promt tiiue." Price 24 cents; by
mail 2o Liiuls. TLo liillc book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

,'a ]\t'. yroeTcf'VP. M page monthly journal,) on*
yoar lor i..>c. Apply to any first-class dealer, •T
address

LEAHY MFG. CO,, Hisgin.».ii., k..

The Kecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interestea, aon t fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

tf.

R. J. FINLEY,

MACON , MO.

To Subscribers of
THE AME RIC AN tEEFEEFlK

And Others !

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you
mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the best pa-
per printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. B. VATJGHAN

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

Agent for The W. T. Falconer Mfg.

Go's.

BEE=KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jy-4 Catalogue free.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

■^■■"— ~'^~~~''~'^~ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems hy the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for iOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription, .... 50 Cents a Year.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVKRTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade ManKS

Designs

Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion froe whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest acency for securing patents.

Patents taken throuKh Munu & Co. receive
tpecinl notice, without charge, in the

Scientific American.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terras, $3 a
' year : four months, $1. Sold '„y all newsdealers.

MUNN&Co.3«'«-^''*^>' New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, B. C.

Wlioii wiitiiiK to advertisers ineutioii
The .\niorir*uii Ree-Keeper.

National Bee^Keepers' Association,

The largest bec-kccpers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its memliers.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E.FRANCE, PlatteviUe, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

Clubbing Offers

Here is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2 . 25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as good, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. J. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

BEEKEEPER

INSIST ON

LEWIS

GOODS

SEND FOR NEW
CATALOG FOR 1904

68

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

WATERTOWN, WIS., U. S. A.

Eastern Agent, Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Wa!-
I nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

fTg^hiTiIig roosters

1 Mystify and amuse your

friends, These are two gen- j

oine gam© roosters "wil

I'eathers. they tight to

finish, and are always ready

to fight. The secret of their

movements is only known to

the operator. 'WilUast a life- i

time. 10c per pair, 3 for 2ac,
i postpaid. Address

j ZENO SUPPLY COMPANY

Joplin, - - Missouri

LOW FREIGHTS

AND QUICK DELIVERY

i

The busy times for bee-keegers is almost here. If you
have not yet ordered your g-oods, there is no time for de-
lay. You can't wait now for some factory to make your
goods, nor for long shipments by freight, with endless
delays at transfer-points, while the bees are idle for
needed sections, hives, foundation, or storage-room. You
will find it to your advantage to order your goods from
near home, of some dealer who has them on hand, and
can ship thern at once. By so doing you will not only get
your goods promptly, but at a big saving in freight bills.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.

Medina, Ohio, has established agencies all over the coun-
try, where standard goods are always in stock. The fol-
lowing are some of the more important

AGENCIES

N'ickery Bros., Evansville, Ind.
E; Grainger & Co., Toronto, Ont.
Walter S. Pouder, Indianapolis, Ind.
John Nebel & Son, Higli Hill, Mo.
Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich.
I'rothero & Arnold, DuBois, Penn.
M. 11. Hunt & Son, Bell Branch,

Mich.
Rawlings Implement Co., Baltimore,

Md.

Griggs Bros., Toledo, Oho.
Nelson Bros. Fruit Co., Delta, Colo.
Jos. Nysewander, DesMoines, Iowa.
Carl F. Buck, Augi'sta, Kansas.
A. F. McAdams, Columbus Grove, O.
C". H. VV. Weher, Cincinnati, Ohio.
F. H.' Farmer, 182 Friend St., Boston,

Mass.
L. A. Watkins Mdse. Co., Denver,

Colorado.

Ill addition to the foregoing there are hundreds who htindle our
g(»(»ds in small lots. Besides this, we have the following

BRANCH-HOUSES

Syracuse, N. Y.

J'hiladclphia, I'cnn., 10 Vine St.
Chicago, Ills., 144 East Erie St.
San Antonio, Texas,
' 438 W. Houston St.

Mechanic Falls, Maine.
Havana, Cuba, San Ignacio. 17.
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss. St.
Washington, D. C,

1100 Md Ave., S. W

Send for catalogue and buy of the nearest Agency or Dealer.

EnteroH at the Pnstoffice. Fort Pierce. Fla.. as second-class mail matter.

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, iind in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; f.ne for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th»
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farm •!• Co. , Emporia, Va.

Th«r« ii no tiade or profcssiob better catcrad to
0T SOO'i jouniu's tliaa that o( the farmer. Unia-
teUifeat m>proere(iire>en W* bow ■« eze«a«.

18 »

luiuf

A BATH

'fUer riWIPIRE

u.keQinan " Portable
Folding BATH TU

Used in any room.
Agkvts Wa.vted.
Catalogae Free.

.Thb empire
washer co.,

jAMESTOWN,N.r.

I BEE = SUPPLIES I

it Bee Hives, Sections, Smokers, ilf

» '■■■■ •"■ i»

<5* Bee-Veils, Frames, ^

J? And everything used by bee-keepers, sj

JL Largest stock in the Centnil States. Low Jr

I

freight rates. Catalogue free.

v4 C. M. SCOTT & CO.

/ft 1004 E. Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind. ij^

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest Illustrated
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to intro-
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-date. TeHs
all about Southern Home Life. It fa
full of fine engravings of grsind sot'ii-
ery. biiiklinga and f:uiious peojile.
Send at once. 10c. a year postpjiid
anywhere in the U. S.. Canada niul
ilexifo. 3 years 50o. Or, clubs of •>
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us ;i <liil).
Money back if not delighted. Stauipj
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME.

Birniinffluun, .\la.

When writing, mention the .\m. BeeKeepcr.

POULTRY success CO.

THE 20th CENTURY POULTRY
MAGAZINE.

15th )jea». 32 to 64 pages. Beautifullv il-
lustrated, up-to-date and helpful. Best known
writers. Shows readers liow tn succeol with
poultry. 50 CENTS PER YEAR. Special
introductory offers: 10 months, 25 cents, in^
eluding large practical poultry book free; fnuf
months] trial, 10 cents. Stamps accented.
Sample.copy free. Poultry Success Co.. Dcpt.
16, Springfield, Ohio, or DesMoines, Iowa.

When writing to jidvertisei-s mention
The .A morion 11 Ree-T-Toowpr.

SHtNEf

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. v., makes a Shine Cabiret, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best — rnd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa-
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common. A postal will bring
you details of this and other good things.

American

BEE

2 Journal

16 -p. Weekly.
Sample Free.
49~ All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest bee paper; illustrated.
Departments for beginners
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,
QBORae W. YORK & CO..
144 & 146 Erie St. Chica.go,Ili..

f~^r^r^|^ Send 10 cents for one vear's snl)-
PlvLltl wrjptionto AMERICAN STOKIKS
^ the best monthly magazine pnlv

llshed. and we will send you samples of l(iO<ithor
magazines, all different, free. AMERICAN
STORIES, Dept. H. D.. Grand Rapids, Mich.

r

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

J

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER
^ jt IN FLORIDA ^ ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
e orated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best vs^eekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. ti

The News, Fort Pierce,FIa

THE RURAL BEE=KEEPER

A MONTHLY BEE JOURNAL

Devoted to the interests of the bee-keepers of
America, will teach you how to make money
with bees. May number tells about feeding
bees. We are now at work on our June num-
ber and can assure you that this number will
be more interestinflr and more valuable than
its predecessors. Swarming and how it is
being controlled to the cash benefit of the
bee-keeper is the subject upon which the
June number will treat. It will be the pur-
pose of the Rural Bee-Keeper to champion
&ie caiuse of the small country bee-keeper, to
show him the way to make money out of
bees, by first showing how to produce the
greatest amount of choice honey in the shane
that will bring the best casii return with the
least expense, and later will show him how
to cash his crop. Subscribe now. Begwi
with the first issue and p;et fifty dollars' worth
of good sotmd information in «ne year for
fifty cents.

The Cascade Bee Hiye Co.

The South and East will grow in apiculture
for a generation to come. The new South has
possibilities in apiculture heretofore unappre-
ciated. Wa want t® become aequainted with
all our Southern and Eastern friends. We so-
licit your criticism and correspondence. The
beie-keeper will find it to his advantage to
become familiar with the manufjactur^r of
supplies who is favorably located as to' tim-
ber supply, «heap- power, snA has the in-
clination to favor the user of his producv
with favorable prices. Write for catalog and
terms to agents.

AV. H. PUTNAM,

River Falls, Wis.

Beeswax
Wanted

We pay 28 cents cash or 30 cents J
in goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once. Prices
subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

mm m.

YOURSELF. WASHING tmi

WAY, BUT aUY AH B M P I R B|

WASHER, vtitK vi\i«k ih*

fraiUtt \Boman earn do aw or-

dinary vathing in out hour,

without uiettififf htr handt.

Sample alv!hoUfal*lh-ic«. Batiafaction OnantntMcl.

Nonav until tried. Wriu/or RluttraUd Cataloomt

andpricei o/Wrineeri.Ironinff Tablet , Clothe* ReeU,

DfyingBart, WaaonJaeki,tte. ArentsWanted. Lilv

•nITbrma. QaiekSidesI Littl«Workll Biv Pay"!

AddrtM,Tnu EifriuWAaBsm C«.,JaBMt*wB.lf .1.

MAPS.

A Test pocket Map of your State.

New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, ia seven colors, all
railroads, postoflBces — and many
towns not given in the postal guide
— rivers, lakes and mountains, with
index and population of counties,
cities and towns. Census — it givLS
all official returns. We will send
you postpaid any state map you
wish for

20 cents (silver)

iMf

JOHN W. HANN,

Wauneta, Neb

$25,000.00 CASH

in. 600 prizes. First prize, $10,000.00. To
those m^k^ng nearest eorrect pMesses of the
total popular rpte to be cast November 8th,
1904, for President of the United States.

There are eight special prizes of $500.00 each
for early estimates.

This may be fortune's knock at your door.

It costs nothing to enter the contest and
only a ppstage stamp for particulars. Address
Hosterman Publishing Co., Box 16, Spring-
field, Ohio.

When 'writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Kdeper.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

We have arranged with the Editor of this
Magazine, to present, with our comph'ments,
FREE ^0 Readers of THE AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER an interesting account of

THE HONEY BEE

" The Perfect Society of Insects."

This iUustrated brochure will be sent to any
reader who is interested in NATURAL HIS-
TORY. The number of copies of this booklet
which we shall distribute is limited and ap-
plication should be sent at once to

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

JOHN D. MORRIS & COMPANY

I20I Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

NOTE. — Please cut this notice out and send with your appli-
cation.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

ample copy and 64-page catalogue, FREE
_^6-tf _ _ „

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAL

A monthly journal, devoted to agri-
cultural intere,stg. Largest circulation
of any agricultural paper in the west.
It circulates is Missoun, Kansas, Ne-
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

Itf

J. W. EARLEY, Editor.
1123 N St., 'Eincoln, Neb.

American DEC Journal

IjI r 16-p. Weekiy.
l^ L^ U^ Sample Free.
aS^ All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writ»r«.
Oldest bee-paper; illastrated.
Departments frr beg'innei'g
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,
QEORQE W. YORK & eo.
144 & 1^6 Erie St. Chicago.Ili.

WANTED

(

ElRACTEOHOll

IVIail sample, arixi always quote lowest
price dellveredfi here: We remit imme-
diately upon receipt of shipment. '

f h^E FRED V\f. MUTH CO.,

■'' ; No. 51 Walnut Street, *

References :

German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0.
-, Any Mercanllle^Qency, or ttie Editor. .

CI NCI IN IM ATI, p.

THE

Reddert Double Section Press

A BOON TO HONEY COMB PRODLCLRS

JUST OUT.

Puts together two 4 1-1x4 1-4 sections
at one operation. Can make them for
other sizes if desired. Price S2.50, cash
with order.

Write today.

Address the Inventor,

HENRY REDDERT

1628 Fremont Ave., Fairmount,
7 0ii2t CINCINNATI, OHIO

SEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER,

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

THE AMERICAN FARMER

FOR VOVRSELP. ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Jamestown, N.Y.

Vol. XIV

JULY, 1904.

No. 7

ORANGE BLOSSOMS.

Copyright lUM by H. F. Hill.

132

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

THE ORANGE BLOSSOM.

Bv W. S. Hare.

EDITOR of The American Bee-
Keeper.

My Dear Sir:— The photograph
of a spray of orange blossoms received
from you by the last mail is the finest
that I have yet seen. I think it should
go into the American Bee-Keeper, and
thus give many, who know not even
the form thereof, an opportunity to see
what a really beautiful flower it is.

It is a matter of regret that photo-
graphic art cannot also catch the deli-
cious perfume, and fix it in the picture
for the delight of those who live too
far away from the orange growing
States to allow of their enjoying, to
the full measure, this most charming-
product of the Sunny South.

This picture Avill be of special inter-
est to bee-keepers, for, as a pmlific
pollen, and less prolific honey jiroduc-
er, the orange blossom is a ^•(>l•y impor-
tant factor in building up our colonies
in late February. March and early in
April (the period of bloom varying
somewhat in different years) and start-
ing them into the season wfth an
abundance of young bees.

To him who is both a bee-keeper
and an orange grower, there are few
if any, more pleasant experiences than
that of standing in the midst of the
glossy green, rich gold, and silvery
white, of his fruit and flower laden
trees, in early March, the air redolent
with the delicious iievfume of the l>los-
soms, and full of miisic from the busy
hum of his bees. Then is the time
to pluck and eat of "The fruit of the
Gods," while at its very best, and thus
aiTive at the ideal condition of man
when every one of the five senses are
rationally gratified to an extent sel-
dom reached even in life's happiest
experiences

As a honey producer, the orange
blossom is often over-estimated as to
quantity, but never as to (luality. '^f
tlie latter too much can hardl.v l)e said;
for I am sure that pure orange blos-
som honey has no superior in any one
of the three qualities, color. l)ody or
flavor: the essentials that g<> to the

making of a perfect product. It is. in
fact, one of Nature's most nearly per-
fect productions; and, like most such,
(]uite limited in quantity. While
working among the orange trees the
bees seem brisk and happy, and re-
turn to their hives well laden with
liollen ]>ellets. but their honey sacs,
though invariably containing some
nectar, are never filled to repletion as
when gatliering from the saw-palmet-
to or mangrove bloom.

Owing to many tons of honey being
shipped from this State each year un-
der the mark of "Orange Blossom
Honey," an erroneous impression has
gone forth as to the quantity produced,
and its true characteristics. As this
honey all comes from locations to the
north and outside of the orange grow-
ing districts of the State, it is not pos-
sible that it could have come from
t'.ie orange blosso n. The explanation
offered for the use of the name is that
it "is used as a private brand," and
not intended to designate the source
from which the nectar was gathered.
In evidence that it is misleading. I
will state that I have repeatedly re-
ceived orders for "honey from the
oi*ange blossom" with the statement
that the sender had used one or more
barrels of that kind and liked it. I
think I am safe in the assertion that
a barrel of piu'e orange blossom honey
was never shipped from this State.
It is only very few locations, where
there are large orange groves in full
bearing, in the pine woods, as at De-
Land or Lake Helen, that pure orange
honey is ever secured; and even there
in only limited quantities. I would
think it quite possible that, at River-
side. California, it might be gathered
in an unmixed condition, and aiipreci-
able quantit.y, and. possibly at other
points in that great State.

When pure, its color is as white as
the whitest of clover hone.v; its body
even heavier, and its flavor superior
to any other I have ever tasted. In
n\v own section of the "Orange Belt"
of Florida, it is invariably mixed with
dark honey from other flowers bloom-
ing at the same time, and its fine, dis-
tinctive qualities are thereby hidden,
to a greater or less extent.

Hawks Park. Fla.. May 1. 1904.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

133

ORANGE BLOSSOMS AGAIN.

Bv C. S. Harris.

EDITOR HILL: To your question
"What do you Ivuow about or-
ange blossoms from the stand-
point of a honey producer?" I could
most truthfully use Dr. Miller's favor-
ite reply, "I don't know;" and yet,
from past experience I am inclined to
believe that orange bloom is an almost
sure yielder of nectar under favorable
conditions, and certainly I know of no
bloom which the hee>^ seek more ea-
gerly.

Previous to the freezes of 1894-5 we
were able to extract freely during or-
ange bloom. Th6se freezes destroyed
the orange trees and not until this year
has there been any bloom of conse-
quence and the increased amount
stored by the bees I feel satisfied came
from orange blossoms.

I have several times seen it stated
that orange honey was very light in
color, while that which we formerly
harvested was amber. It was, per-
haps, mixed with honey from other
sources, although season and locality
might be responsible for some varia-
tion in color. It was, if I remember
correctly, of good body and fine flavor.

Mr. Horn's Drone Cell Counts for Naught.

On page 91, May number of The
Bee-Keeper, Mr. Henry E. Horn, under
the head," One on Deckel," calls atten-
tion to a single cell raised and capped
as if containing a drone, on a comb
of worker brood which had been giv-
en to a queenless colony. He says,
"There was a drone iu that cell with-
out the least doubt." If he did not
open that cell and find a drone, there
is a doubt, for it sometimes occurs
that a cell lacks the necessary depth,
through a heavy deposit of wax at
the bottom or because some foreign
substance, accidentally in the cell, was
waxed over instead of being removed,
and in such cases, if the queen uses
the cell, it must necessarily be length-
ened to make room for its occupant
and consequently has much the ap-
pearance of a drone cell.

Also, it is not uncommon to find a
single drone cell, or perhaps two or
three of them on the face of an other-

wise solid comb of worker brood, un-
der some conditions, in a queen-right
colony, and Mr. Horn might very read-
ily have overlooked this when giving
a comb of unsealed brood, in fact, it
could not be distinguished if it was a
case of a drone egg having been de-
posited in a worker cell.

In either case there is no proof of
the Dickel theory. But I may be "run-
ning wild," after all, and Mr. Horn
have written oaly in a sarcastic vein.

Holly Hill, Fla., May. 18, 1904.

ORANGE BLOSSOM HONEY.

By Henry E. Horn.

FRO:m the bee-keepers' point of
view, the orange bloom of the
season just past promised much,
but, not unlike some other features of
this passing show, failed to live up to
it. And yet it was not the bloom really
that was at fault, either; for there was
more of it than ever before and it last-
ed longer; but it was scattering, and
the weather was mostly cold and
windy. Twice the San Bernardino
mountain range was whitened with
snow and hail. And for variety's sake
there was sandwiched in between it
all a three-day norther, during which
a southern sun pulled the thermometer
up to 90 and 100 degrees in the shade.
Of a consequence our poor little bees
didn't gain much headway, though
they tried hard enough.

In producing bloom the orange tree
is simply immense. There are thou-
sands and thousands of blossoms on
every tree that never come to any-
thing at all; there are other thousands
that open, set a tiny orange and then
drop off. There are, finally, a few,
comparatively speaking, that open, set
a fruit and eventually grow into the
golden apple of the market. Now, if
one examines orange flowers for nec-
tar, he will find some rich with it, some
showing a trace, and some none at
all; though just how closely these two
sets of facts are related to one another
is probably exactly known by nobody,
but it is certain that the totally dry
flowers are barren in their vexy na-
ture and drop oft" fruitless. There is
a text for a practical sermon hidden
in this.

134

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

The orange flower itself is a white, the air, making a bee line for the next

six-pointed star of great purity, and orange trees.

is very fraarant. The somewhat Yes, certainly; but a bee line such

fleshy petals.^'atter opening curl out as few people ever imagine. Past

and ' backwards , thus disclosing a High Grand Master of Geometric Ar-

round wall of straight, more or less chitecture apis mellifera turns living

<-rown to'-ethor, pollen carriers, with- posey the moment its shining wings

fn which' there is hidden the fruit vibrate in the outer air. Go out and

o-erm surmounted bv the central sta- ^vatch them at sunrise and you will

men ' It is in this inner temple where- see. Those thousands, gracefully cir-

in occurs the offering of the sacrifice cling up there^ tinged with the gold

of the nectar and of the sweet odor " " ' " '

A certain wise one once said that the
orange flower, its form and structure,
purity of coloring, abundance of sweet-
ness, sensuous odor, was "a living
symbol of the world's central mystery;
aiid whosoever has once gained a
glance behind the outer things will
not say him nay, — only, since the pass-
ing of the day in the long-ago when
the sanctuary became profaned, its
sweet sacrifice is now mostly ipter-

of the horizontal beams of the morn-
ing sun are not shooting stars as one
might think. They are workers go-
ing to work, as children go berry gath-
ering in the woods and to picnic, free
and unfettered.

After this sort of thing has been
going on for a day or two, the combs,
along the top-bars begin to whiten,
manipulated by two rows of bee-heads
crowded together like peas in a pod
from end to end of the hive, the cells

mixed by a subtile poison that lames S'^'o^v longer and pretty soon are sealed

and ills."

Like all flora, here or elsewhere, the
orange is richer in nectar some years
than in othei'S. There have been sea-
sons Avhen the nectar secretions for
very abundance ran out of the blos-
soms, causing the foliage of the trees
to become sticky with it all over. But

whether rich or poor, because of the certainty about its ^yearly coming, ^noi
immense mass of it, there has always

over and bottled up, full of what is
probably the most delicious honey
known.

The full volume of the orarfige flo-sv
lasts at least two weeks. It starts terj
days or two weeks before that, anc
straggles along for about an equa
length of time after. There is no un

been far more of it than all the avail-
able bees could take care of.

And how they work at it. Not, in-
deed, that there is a great display of
energy, or speed, in the coming or
going of them; for they seem at times
almost drunk with nectar, they al-
ways manifest the drowsy hum and
movement of a rich flow. No vicious
diving at their master, no unprovoked
stinging. All they seem to ask is",
"Please, keep away from our door,''
and you can do anything you want.
And then they drop out of the air,
half by direction, half by gravity', a
small constant stream, on the alight-
ing board, on the hive cover, on grass
stalks, on the ground — anywhere, but
as near as may l)e their beloved home,
but for very fatigue they must have a
rest and more breath before they can
go another inch. At the same time
another stream runs out of the en-
trance and, diving low, disappears in

doubt about its abundance. And~il
we had the meteorological conditioi
necessary, we could harvest from 50 t(
100 pounds of honey per colony everj
year without fail.

In point of time the Navel opens it?
blossoms first, the Valencia's anc
seedling afterwards and the sweetf
last, though the more or less of th«
elevation of the orchard makes a dif
ference, too; those situated highes
towards the foot hills seem to be fa
vorefl Avith a warmer strata of air thai
those lower down. To sum up thi
matter: As a producer of nectar, botl
of quantity and quality, the orang(
ti-ee stands in the first rank. Never
theless, there is no dependence to b<
placed upon it by the bee-keeper— a
least not in Southern California — foi
these two reasons; the weather is al
most always unsuitable, and it comei
too earl.v in the season, before a stronj
force of young field workers is reared

Riverside, Cal., May 27, 1904.

1004

THE AMERIGxiN BEE-KEEPER.

135

PROTECTING AND CLEANING
COMPRESSED CUPS.

By "Swarthmore.'

IT has been the practice in the
Swarthmore apairies to use one
colonj' for nothing else but to clean
out the jelly, trim and protcet the
hatched-out cells ready for regrafting.
Cells protected in this manner are cer-
tain of acceptance almost every time
they are grafted. Returning the
hatched-out cells to the zinc-covered
cages will accomplish the same end
but when rearing queens in quantities
it is more convenient to have a special
cleaning colony at hand, for there are
always more or less left over cells
in need of patching.

Cell Cleaning and Incubating Board.

CC are cleats, to prevent warping of the thin
board. These cleats are cut a little short to ad-
mit of tiering an empty shallow super, with bear-
ings upon botli sides and end of the thin board.
H is a frame constructed of % strips one inch
«'ide for supporting the cell-bars, twelve in num-
ber, placed side by side and bound together with
oins— A AAA. To prevent comb building, cover
the ends on the under side of the hollow square
ivith zinc.

A thin all wood honey board is cut
iway in the center so as to form an
jlilong opening eight inches wide and
12 inches long, over which a close
Tame is constructed for the purpose
)f receiving cell-bars on exactly the
^anie principle as in the starting
screen previously explained; with the
exception of their position on the hive,
vbich is across instead of parallel
vith the brood-frames, the arrange-
uent is identical.

AVhen bars containing cleaned out
•ells are removed for re-grafting, their
paces are filled with blank bars, or
)ther cell-holding bars containing new-
y pressed cups may be dropped into
he spaces as needs seem to demand.

Always cover the cell-holding bars
vith absorbent quilts and never use

anything but a perfectly weatlier-
proof roof — all bee hives should have
tight I'oofs. Paint on hive bodies is
not so important excepting, perhaps,
for appearance; but see to it that :
roofs are kept well covered with good,
durable, water-proof material of one
kind or another for there is nothing
more ruinous to Ijees than a leaby
roof.

During times of extra pressure upon
the cell completing colonies, large
numbers of capped cells may be placed
in the cell-clearing and incubating
board for protection. When this board
is used for incubating cells queen ex-
cluding zinc should cover the lower
side of the square space beneath the
bars to prevent the queen of the hive
from entering this cell compartment
to work wholesale desti'uction there.

Fix the incubating board perma-
nently ui)on a hive containing a power-
ful colony and then bring from the
nurseries any and all mature cells in
need of protection the few days prior
to tlie time of their distribution among
nuclei.

In this way as high as 100 cells may
be taken care of at one time. The
nursery cages will then be free to re-
ceive other lots of started cells which
may be awaiting their turn for trans-
fer from the cell-starting colonies to
those assigned to cell-completion.

Swarthmore, Pa.. Oct. 8, 1903

THE "COTTON" HIVE "OUT
■WEST."

By E. F. Atwater

PROBABLY this is one of the few
locations where the "Cotton
Controllable Bee Hive" has been
somewhat generally introduced and
used. Many years ago the late Mr.
Morse, a pioneer of Boise, together
with Mr. :McClellan, sent to E. Kretch-
mer for several colonies of Italian
bees, the first to live and prosper here.

They arrived in fair condition, in
"American"' hives. Mr. Morse adopt-
ed the Lizzie Cotton hive for his in-
crease, and at one time possessed an
apiary of 150 colonies in such hives.
He manufactured the hives and sold
them at ?7.00 each.

All over the Boise Valley one finds
the hives, known here as the "Morse

136

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

Hive" still in use and containing as
a rule, enormous colonies of bees.
The lower story contains 14 frames,
12 3-4 inches square inside, so that the
outside frames may be removed and
wide frames, each holding nine square
sections, put in their places. There
were grooves in the sides of the hive,
so that the outside frames could be
removed and thin boards slipped in
the grooves; the space back of the
boards being filled with some non-con-
ductor. However, no one practices
this now. as the bees always winter
well without conti'action. When the
full 14 frames are used in the brood-
nest, the capacitj' is equal to IT 1-2
L. frames. The supers are arranged
to hold 14 frames 8 1-2 x 12 3-4 inches
inside, so that wide frames holding
six square sections might be used in-
stead of the extracting frames.

One apiary which I am handling on
shares has several of these Lizzie
Cotton hives. Early in April they
were of unusual strength, though the
supers of exti'acting frames had been
left on the hives all winter, and be-
fore the opening of the main flow, in
.June, some of them had filled a large
part of the lower story with brood aad
had begun breeding in the upper stor-
ies, both stories full to overflowing
with bees, a total capacity of about
30 L frames. This extraordinary
strength was due, I believe, to, 1, lo-
cation (very sheltered), 2, large hives
and abundant stories, 3 some honey
and pollen coming in at all times.

Boise, Idaho, Nov. 7, 1903.

THE AVAR HORSE.

By Otto Gubler.
Member of the Societe Romande d'

Apiculture, Switzerland.
(Translated by Frank Benton from Bulletin de
la Societe Romande d'Apiculture, Vol. I, No. 1,
January, 1904.)

ONCE upon a time there was —
A beautiful priacess?
Xo.
A charming prince?
Nor that either.

Once upon a time there were two
bee-keepers. Both of them wanted to
do well — to do something startling.
Hardened from their childhood, "nei-
ther feared anything, whatever it
might be."

To handle and control Carniolans,
natives, or Italians was no longer
more than child's play for them — in
the year of our Lord, one thousand,
eight hundred and ninety-five. Just
as in the fable, Bernard said to Ra-
ton: •"Brother, let us do a master-
stroke; let us buy Syrians. You take,
or rather, you buy Syrians, and I'll
buy Cyprians. Agreed."

The year opened up well and one
might afford to pay out a little some-
thing extra. The Revue was thumbed
over, the addresses found, the colonies
ordered, shipped, received, and — paid
for. Ah! how beautiful were our
Syrians and our Cyprians! How dull
our Italians appeared to us by the side
of them! And who says that they are
aggressive? Thats all nonsense.
Lambs, I tell you, veritable lambs! In
fact, enthusiasm is at its height. The
plan was already before us for exten-
sive breeding of our two favorite
races, with an amelioration of the
whole apiary through an infusion of
new and vigorous blood.

The two new-comers develop mar-
velously; the second super takes the
place of the first, and the third that of
the second. Lacking the time to ex-
tract, each contemplates with pride
his colony, his war-horse, with its
three full supers. Ah! if I had onlj
Syi-ians. Ah! if I had only Cyprians
What a harvest we would get!

The hay harvest being at an enc
we open our hives. The supers are su
perb, but what is the matter with oui
lambs today? They are certainly in s
bad humor. Now don't imagine at al
that we are afraid; oh no, we do noi
get frightened at such a little thing
However, suppose we let them rest foi
the present. Besides, today is Sunday
and it would not be a proper thini
to take off honey on that day, more
over I really think that the weath«j
is going to be stormy.

The following week each goes alone
and by stealth, as it were, to feel th«
ground; one towards his Syrians, th<
other toward his Cyprians. Each tim<
the covers are raised a terrible noiw
is heard, the alighting board is cov
ered with furies, and a number o:
thrusts as sharp as though mado wltl
Damascene lances tickle us so dis
agreeably that we discover all of J

'

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

137

sudden that the weather is too tempes-
tuous.

"You know," says Raton to Bernard,
I could have taken off a super if it
had been necessary, but I didn't want
to do it."

The following Sunday Raton, the
less brave of the two, after a timid
reconnaissance, judges it prudent to
lie down in the shade rather than trou-
ble the Sabbath repose of their high-
nesses, the princesses of Cyprus.
Bernard, on the other hand, to whom
a good dinner had given an indomit-
able courage (perhaps a glass of old
Neufachatel had also contributed a lit-
tle)— Bernard, then, advances boldly
against the enemy — pardon, against
his friends, the Syrians. With his
shirt sleeves rolled up, his arms bare,
a strong pocket knife in his hand, and
a fine long-bladed knife (to which he
is very partial) at his belt, calm and
resolute, he was truly beautiful to look
upon. In vain the fanfare of the en-
emy plays its most war-like marches;
neither "Sempach" nor "Roll drums"
succeed in making him quail, nor even
budge, nor cause him to make a single
useless gesture.

But all this was only the skirmish
of the advance guard. Two or three
combs had already been taken from
the super and Bernard was on the
point of shouting victory, when sud-
denly the charge sounded. The main
Dod.v of the army, then the rear guard
tself, takes the field. The maneuver
fails, the line must fall back, as the
ood Lafontaine says, that is, capitu-
ate. Furious, stung, defeated, Bern-
ird beats a retreat. But the outraged
inemy come out of their citadel, pass
)ver a high house, and attack people
md animals on the neighboring road,
oon the sharp cries of women mix
«''ith the furious howling of dogs. The
:ats, even, make disorderly jumps and
he fowls disappear with flapping
ings. Night atone stops the cembat
nd puts an end to the carnage.
Like Charles the Bold after Gi'and-
on, Bernard dreams only of venge-
nce. Under cover of the shades of
dglit, no longer with his face bare,
ut clothed with a veil, arms and legs
ell wrapped, armed with a terrible
utomatic smoker whence a cloud of
moke issues, and with an immense

watering-pot filled with ice-water, he
starts toward his beloved Syrians.
Blinded with smoke, inundated with
cataracts of ice-water, they beg an
armistice. But their cruel enemy re-
moves a super in one piece and carries
it twenty paces away. At the sivliv
of this abduction all unanimously
swear then and there to vanquish or
to die, and they pour forth to the as-
sault; the enemy, like Charles at Mor-
at, is still obliged to flee.

Like him, Bernard, furious that there
vile S.yrians had robbed him of his
fame for invincibility, decides to re-
turn to the charge, or at least to at-
tack the separate contingent which
was at the foot of the tree. And what
time was that? At three o'clock in the
morning when the enemy was sleep-
ing innocently. Tl'uth obliges me to
say that this time he carried off the
victory, contrary to what happened to
Charles the Bold at Nancy. It will
be well to add that this attack much
resemlded an ambush.

The war-horse perished the follow-
ing winter. Bernard claims that it
died a natural death. Others say — but
sh . . Let us not slander him.

Washington, D. C, April 8. lf»04.

NO FUNICS IN ALGERIA.

By. .John Hewitt.

DEAR Mr Hill:— Will you allow me
to correct those paragraphs in
American Bee-Keeper on pages
100 and 101 under the heading "Alge-
ria'' respecting "Punic" bees. There
are no Punic bees in Algeria any more
than there are Italians in Cyprus.
Algerian bees are very bad temi>ered
and somewhat darker in color than
Punics. Mr. T. W. Cowan was the fir.st
to try to get them tried instead of the
real thing and told his readers in 1801
where to get them in Algeria and dis-
cribed the bees of Tunis as "impure."
Since then there have been sevei-al at-
tempts to pass off the bees of Algeria,
Morocco and Minorca as the same
race. Punicg are as different to the«e
races as possible — far more so than
Italians are to Cyprians — while now
owing to Mr. Cowan being the mrans
of getting Carniolans imported into
Tunis, it is impossible to get them
really pure from Tunis now.

138

I notice with satisfaction, wliat you
say on page 106; whicli is a fair re-
port, but really, altliougli tameuess
and hard working are good points, I
consider their non-swarming — when
given plenty of room— and their being
proof aafflinst foul brood, of greater
value to honey producers. Just fancy
the difference between an apiary of
100 stocks, all swarming at once and
one you know will work without the
least watching.

Sheffield, England, May 20, 1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

PHACELIA AS A
PLANT.

FORAGE

Bv Dr. C. C. Miller.

I HAVE just read with much inter-
est Henry E. Horn's communica-
tion, page 53, and hope it may be
the indirect means of obtaining the
much needed information as to the
value of Phacelia tanacetifolia as a
forage plant in California. Mr. Horn
is not entirely correct in thinking that
the value of phacelia as a honey plant
was first discovered in Germany anil
that only ten or twelve years ago.
Long before that time it was men-
tioned in Tick's seed catalogue as a
great favorite with bees — I think the
only plant thus mentioned. Perhaps as
much as forty years ago I was famil-
iar with the plant, as no doul)t many
others were, and en.ioyed seeing the
unusual nunil)ors ©f bees attracted by
it. I also cultivated it as a window
plant in winter for the beauty of its
flowers, as also for their fragrance.
I think the flowers are not fragrant
when grown in the open.

It never occurred to me to plant it
on a large scale, because I knew of
no value attached to it except as a
beautiful flower and a honey plant.
Mr. Horn is right if he gives to the
Germans the credit of discovering its
value as a forage plant, if indeed it
has any such value. I suspect that
what he says as to its forage value has
been gleaned from the reading of for-
eign bee .journals. In them it has
been uninterruptedly boomed for many
moons. As to its honey value there is
but one voice. The song iu its praise
as a forage plant, however, has in it
discordant notes. The reports of some
give it high praise; others contain
"its'' and "buts."

So far as I know, no one yet has
ventured to come forward in this
country to give any testimony as to
its value for forage. The authorities
at Washington disclaim any knowl-
edge of it. So I am skeptical. I here-
by challenge Mr. Horn or any other
Californian to produce evidence that
stock of any kind care for phacelia,
either green or dry as forage. If a
number of them will come forward
with such overwhelming proof as to'
convict me of being a presumptuous
ignoramus, it will please me well. But
1 have thrown out much the same
challenge more than once within the
past two or three years, and every
one of those California chaps has
been dumb as an oyster on the sub-
ject.

It AVould l)e a great thing for bee-
keepers if it could be proven that pha-
celia is a valuable forage plant on
American soil, but — but —
Marengo, 111., March 11, 1904.

INTRODUCING LAYING QUEENSJ

By Jacob W. Small.

AS far as my observation and ex-
perience go. it is not alone the
fact of a new queen being a
stranger, that causes the bees to at-j
tack and ball her. The more import-
ant cause is the smell of the nev
queen.

I have taken a laying queen from a
swarm of bees, caged her with some
half a dozen of her own bees for a
few minutes, and upon liberating her

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

139

lapou her own comb, to her own bees
had her immediately balled, and she
would undoubtedly have been destroy-
ed if I had not rescued her by a lib-
eral application of smoke and proceed-
ed to introduce her as aii entire strang-
er. Now tills may seem strange upon
the face of it. She was certainly no
stranger to her own bees, but she had
absorbed, so to speak, the scent from
the cage in which she was placed.
Consequently she was to the bees
practically a strange queen. Further
than this, the bees which were caged
with her upon being liberated were at
once attacked by the other bees and
killed.

Acting upon this fact I conceived
the idea of making, of screen wire
cloth, a small box two inches or so
upon the side,with the ends turned up
about three-eighths of an inch, like the
cover of a small card-board box.

I place the queen to be introduced
with her bees in this box, using a
piece of card board to form the other
side of the box temporarily. Now re-
move one of the frames from the hive
you wish to introduce your queen to
and lay the screen box, paper side
down, upon the comb, covering some
place where there is a little honey.
And after withdrawing the paper
from between the box containing the
queen and bees, press slightly upon
the screen box, imbedding it in the
comb just enough to hold it in place.

Put the frame back into the hive and
allow it to remain a day or two, then
remove the frame, liberate the queen
and her bees, who have already ac-
quired the smell of the new combs of
the hive, and upon replacing the comb
the queen will be accepted without
question almost invariably.

Of course, you must allow^ no
queen-cell in your hive during this op-
sration.

I have tried the water cure (so call-
id) and have had very little success
in that direction. I have a glass nu-
;Ieus hive, in which I have conducted
jome very interesting experiments in
ntroducing queens, the actions of the
lueen and bees being observed close-
y. I have tried several of the vari-
ms methods.

I find that no matter how long the
lUeen has been left caged in a hive,

whether liberated by the candy meth-
od or otherwise, she will immediately
retire to some remote corner of the
hive or behind some close fitting frame
where she will remain for some time,
seemingly afraid of her life. And if
crowded out of such a cover will at
once put for another, if possible.

But with the method here explained
she will almost invariably pay no at-
tention to the bees or they to her, but
will both attend to their several du-
ties regardless of each other. At least
such has been my experience so far.

Haverhill, Mass., May 16, 1904.

This is one of the best and simplest
methods of introduction, though one of
the oldest known to the craft. Its ef-
ficiency, however, is really advanced
by caging the queen without attend-
ant bees at all, and placing the intro-
ducing cage over emerging young bees
and unsealed honey. The cage is bet-
ter made a full inch deep. It is well
also to make it four or five inches
long. Unravel about one-half inch on
all sides and bend at right angles a
full inch all around. It should be
firmly pressed into the comb, or the
bees may cut the cells away and enter
too soon. — Editor.

^VINTERING EXPERIMENTS.

Mr. Miller's Favorite Plan Not a
Success in Canada.

By J. L. Byer.

APRIL number of the American
Bee-Keeper to hand, and among
other items I read with interest
Mr. A. C. Miller's article on "Results
of Some Experiments in Wintei'ing."'

By way of preface allow me to say
that last season I was pretty well con-
verted to Mr. Miller's line of argument
relative to the wintering of bees in
single-walled hives covered with
tarred felt paper. So much so, in fact,
that I took advantage of every oppor-
tunity offered, both in private and pub-
lic conversation with bee-keepers, to
express my views on this question.

To prove correctness of my theory
(rather Mr. Miller's) by practice, last
fall I prepared 26 colonies in two dif-
ferent yards, thirteen in each yard, in
manner prescribed by Mr. Miller.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

140

All were good strong colonies, in
eight frame Quinby hives, heavy with
honey. Entrances three-fourths by five
inches, a super on top ®f all, half the
number filled with chaff, balance with
six inches of dry sawdust instead of
chaff. All the rest of the bees, (over
200) were in packed hives and winter
cases.

Permanently packed hives have four
inches of sawdust around sides and
back, two inches in front, with cush-
ions filled with three to four inches
sawdust on top. Winter cases have
two hives in each case, close together,
eight inches chaff', sides and back,
four inches in front, with about eight
inches chaff over the top of all.

Now "as to results:" Out of 250 col-
onies, 20 are dead, and half of the
number are among the papered hives.
To make matters worse, of the bal-
ance in said hives, only three are in
fair condition. Remainder, if they pull
through, will only be nuclei by the time
the honey flow comes on. The paper
covered * hives were scattered all
through the yards and I think the trial
was conducted on as fair a basis as
could possibly be arranged. Now I
have no '"axe to grind" anu as be-
fore intimated, if the "wish had been
father to the thought" why I certainly
would have expected different results.
Had this same experiment been con-
ducted the two ])revious winters, no
doul)t there would have been a dif-
ferent story to tell. It takes severe
conditions and tests to prove the cor-
rectness of our pet theories.

Just now am inclined to think that
as long as I winter bees out doo--^ i
don't "believe we may safely and i^v *-
itably dispense with double hives."
While, as with Mr Millei', I find the
"experiment was costly" unless we
admit truth of the old adage "exper-
ience is a good teacher," am not in-
clined to own up that "it paid."

As to what INIr. Miller says relative
to age of bees and other conditions es-
sotitial to successful wintering, I agree
in the main; however, I do know that
by giving proper attention we in this
latitude can, one year with another,
winter 95 per cent of our bees suc-
cessfully in packed hives. Theory is
all right in its place, but let us be
careful lest in our theorizing we sae-

July

rifice too much of the practical, only
to find later on that after all we were
mistaken.

Markham, Out., April 12. 1904.

ADVICE FOR THE NOVICE.

By G. H. Sammis.

IT MAY be a good time to buy bees,
in the winter, but it is a poor time
to move them. In cold weather
the comb is brittle, and it is liable to
break down in moving the hive, not
only causing the loss of the honey
which has been left for winter stores,
but leaving a vacant place which the
bees cannot keep warm as they will
when the frames are filled with honey.
The bees, too, when disturbed by mov-
ing fill themselves with honey and un-
less there is a warm spell so that they
can take a cleansing flight, this may
result in heavy loss from dysentery
among them. This last is a serious
objection against moving them, even
when the distance is but short and
they are handled so carefully as not
to break down the comb. Before mov-
ing them see that everything is ready
for their reception. Have the stand
just where it is wanted; near to, if
not in, the orchard, away from roads
and driveways and where neither ani-
mals, poultry nor children, will go to
stir them up and keep them cross and,
not in least importance, place them so
that they will have shade on hot days
and a windbreak in winter, as a shel-
ter from the prevailing storms and
winds. If there is not such a place
just right, set them where they should
be and build the shade and set out the
trees for a windbreak or build a board
fence for that purpose. See that the"^
necessary supplies are -on hand early
in the season if not before the bees
arrive. There should be at least one
emptj' hive for each colony and two
would be better, as they are pretty
sure to swarm once, and possibly two
or three times, if care is not taken to
prevent it, and for those with little ex
perience I think it better to allow
swarming than to try to prevent or
control it, or to attempt dividing thf
colony. To do either of these well if
an art not often learned in one lesson
With the hive should be frames, s<'C
tions, etc., and enough good founda

1904

THE

AMERICAN KEE-KEEPER. 141

otherwise miscoiKluct themselves. The
mutter got into the courts finally.

Cole's health became poor and he
concluded to give up bee-keeping. He
dealt in comb and extracted honey and
had nearby trade. None of his honey-
went to the Philadelphia markets.

The apiary consisted of 17 hives of
various makes, including some of
Cole's own handiwork. The bees were
black and Messrs. Selzer and Hornor
say they were very lively when they
first tackled them. The idea was to
transfer the colonies to eight and ten
frame dovetailed hives and catch and
kill the queens and supersede them
with full-blooded Italians. The Phil-
adelphians who made the journey
were amply repaid for their trouble.

Messrs. Hornor and Selzer did tl3e
actual work of taking the old hives
apart and shaking down the bees from
the frames in front of the new hives.
Each visitor was handed a frame cov-
ered with bees and asked to locate the
queen.

"When you find her give the Indian
yell" said Mr. Selzer. One member,
whose eyes were sharp, found five.

tion to fill the frames and surplus box-
es, and to be ready for all emergencies
the bee smoker, bee veil, and gloves
should also be ready so that the hive
can be opened if it seems necessary
and so that a swarm may be handled
as soon as it clusters.

It may be more profitable to send a
long distance and pay a round price
for a colony of Italian bees than to
accept a hive of black bees as a gift
from a neighbor, but we should take
our chance with the black bees at a
reasonable price if near home, and
should then send to some reliable
party for an Italian queen, paying
what might be asked for a tested
queen.

Only a few weeks would be requir-
ed to change a colony of black bees
to a colony of Italians and to two col-
onies as soon as they swarmed. To
buy a swarm in any but a movable
frame hive would probably be poor
economy, as it needs an exjoerienced
hand to transfer it into a proper hive,
and the help to do this will greatly
increase the cost of the colony. If
it is done, do not charge the expense
against the bees, but stay and see it These were caught, their heads pinch-

done, learn all that it is possible to
learn about the bees while watching
the operation and consider the ex-
pense as a part of the cost of an edu-
cation in bee-keeping.

Centerport, N. Y.. March 1, 1904.

A QUEEN HUNTING EXPEDI-
TION.

By. M. F. Reeve.

ed and they were tossed over the fence
to the chickens. New queens were
given them or will he in a few days.
Several colonies were queenless. Most
of the hives were well stocked with
honey. The bees were gathering
white clover nectar at the time. The
frames not having been wired, many
of them were broken down on being
handled, and the combs, with their
heavy weight of honey tumbled out.
At least three of the hives appeared
to have been tenanted by swarms
which had been given empty frames
without foundation sheets or even
starters. As a result the bees had
gone back to first principles and had
built their combs the shortest way.

PRESIDENT Townsend, Secretary
Hahman, and a few other mem-
bers of the Philadelphia Bee-
Keepers' Association, including your
correspondent, went down to Woods-
town, N. J., on Saturday, June 11, to

help Messrs. Selzer and Honor, who crosswise of the frames
operate a large apiaiy in that town,
to hunt queen bees.

The apiary was formely owned by
J. D. Coles, who gained much noto-
riety about three years ago by having
a controversy with the citizens and
the town authorities about his bees,
which were alleged to be a nuisance
because they were said to soil the
family washing, sting the children,and

Mr. Hornor was obliged to cut the
frames to pieces in order to get out the
combs. These went into the extract-
ing cans. All good combs were given
back to the colonies.

All containing brood were cut out.
Mr. Selzer says the Woodstown place
has been leased for a year and will
be used as a shipping point.

The past winter having been so cold

142

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

and severe played havoc vsritli bees
throughout the United States and just
now bees are bees. I understand Sel-
zer and Hornor are both hustlers and
know the business from A to Z.
Rutledge. Pa., June 16, 1904.

3. — One-eighth is all right over
frames, but if tiering up, upon such a
hive, it would be necessary that three-
sixteenths to one-eighth space be af-
forded below frames in upper story.
The combined spaces, it will be noted,
would give that necessaiT betweeai
frames. Read farther down on same
page of Prof. Benton's book, which
fully explains this point.

4.— Eggs hatch in about three days
fi'om the laying at all times — if they
hatch at all — we believe. — Editor.

Metz, Wis., May 28, 1904.
Mr. Editor:

I have some questions which are not
well answered in the text books that
I wish you would answer in July Bee-
Keeper:

1. — I bought a number of 5 3-4 ex-
tracting supers that have no bee space
over the frames — only about ti scant
one-eighth of an inch. Is not a bee
space necessary? I thought so.

2. — Many bee-keepers speak of quilts.
Of what and how are they made and
how used? As no cover fits closely,
I want to use something under it.
Will a cloth of any sort not sink down
in the middle and cause trouble?

3.— I see that Frank Benton, in his
"Manual of Apiculture," third edition,
page 44, says to leave only one-eighth
over the frames. Is that all right?

4. — Do eggs always hatch three days
after laying, or do they sometimes
take a longer time? I mean, do they
ever stay in the hive for weeks in the
winter, or at other times, before
hatching?

By answei-ing in July number you
wilf oblige. Beginner.

1.— A bee space is not necessary
over the frames, but is quite essential
between the top bars of the lower
story and the bottom bars of the tipper
story when tiering up.

2. — Quilts may be made of any cot-
ton goods. Twilled goods is prefer-
able. Tear them in sizes to just cover
the top of hives, roll them up and dip
edges in melted wax to prevent ravel-
ing, and lay in direct contact with top
of frames and press down smoothly.
In your climate, such an arrangement
is really preferable to the bee space
and honey board.

KEEPING- SWARMS SEPARATE.
Westville Ctr., N. Y., Apr. 25, 1904.
Mr. Koop asks for advice where a
number of swarms alight on the same
limb. I can generally prevent swarms
clustering together, when the second
swarm doesn't come out imtil the first
has clustered, or nearly so, and the
third until the second has clustered,
and so on, by simply spraying the
cluster with cold water and keeping
a spray of water playing between the
clustered swarm and the swarm in the
air. It sometimes makes lively work
and takes two or three of us, but I
have had four swarms issue one after,
another so quickly that all we could
do was to keep spray pump and dip-
pers going. But we landed them on
four different trees within a radius of
twenty-five feet, and then took our
leisure hiving them. I do not say this*
plan always works, but it has saved
me lots of work separating swarms. I
think that bee-keepers who do not
run their apiary on the clipped wingi
plan will find it worth trying.

I think that bee-keepers who live in
localities where they have cool nights
during the spring months, as we have
in northern New York, should pro-
vide more protection over the brood
nest than a three-eighths board and a
thin oil cloth. If they would pack
them on top with di-y chaff, sawdust,
or planer shavings, they would have
less spring dwindling, more early
swarms and more bees ready when
the honey flow comes. I put the empty
supers on the first thing in the spring,
when I set them out, and fill them up
with planer shavings; or, what is bet-
ter, fill a bran sack part full of chaff
and pack that in closely. It is han-
dier to take off and more convenient
when looking colonies over.

I keep packing in until I put sec-
tions on.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

143

This is a Puzzle.

Two years ago I took off a few su-
pers of honey and set them in a dark
room. The bees would not leave one
of the supers. I thought the queen
must be with them, so about dark I
took the holders out and brushed them
carefully l)ack into the hive. The
next morning there was nearly two
quarts of dead bees piled out hi front
of the hive. Others tell me I must
have returned them to the wrong hive,
but I know they were not. Now, I
would like to know why they killed
those bees. W. Ji. F.

BEES ON THE FARM.

To Beginners: We will give .$1.00
cash for the most plausible solu-
tion received before July 15. — Editor.

Maple Grove, N. Y., May !«. 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I became the owner of my first col-
ony of bees in 1902, and I want to
caution beginners about carelessly
handling new combs. After hiving
my first swarm, and it had filled the
hive with new combs, I had to move
it about a half-mile. After hauling it
in a two-wheeled cart to the new loca-
tion, I attempted to carry it to the
stand, but stumbled, and bees, hive
and all lay in a pile on the ground. I
managed to get things together again,
but the combs are so crooked that I
am unable to handle them. That is
why I want to caution beginners
never to try to carry a hive without
someone to help, for the combs are
so tender and brittle that a slight acci-
dent may spoil the whole thing.
Yours truly,

R. T. Crandall.

Our correspondent seems to have
overlooked the fact that when two, in-
stead of one are carrying the hive,
the chances of stumbling are two-fold
greater than when but one person is
handling it. A single story hive is
more easily and safely handled under
all circumstances by one person.
"Stumbling," however, is an exercise
which should not be indulged in at
such a time. It is better to wait until
one is through with his bee work, if
he must stumble, and repair, empty-
handed, to an open field to do his
stumbling. It is allowable to think
about stumbling when can-ying a hive
of bees, but the act itself must be de-
ferred.— Editor.

There is no reason why farmers
should not handle their bees on profi-
table methods even if they have but a
few colonies. Bees as kept on the
farm, a few colonies here and ther?',
scattered in difEerent localities, ordi-
narily do the best business, for they
are not overstocked as they are fre-
quently in large apiaries. Almost
double the amount of honey can be ob-
tained from the colony thus situated
and bee-keeping, as a rule, is much
more profitableif the bees are in prop-
er shape to do good work. The great-
est mistake farmers usually make, ac-
cording to one versed in bee culture, is
that of limiting the surplus boxes,
thus not furnishing the bees with
enough surplus capacity. The bees fill
this limited space with honey in a few
days at the beginning of the honey
season and afterwards turn their :it-
tention to swarming, and several
swarms will be the result instead of a
large honey yield. Farmers, in con-
nection with their other work, might
as well reap hundreds of pounds of thi
finest honey instead of obtaining but a
few pounds if they would only give the
bees plenty of storage room, and
promptly take the honey away as soon
as completed. The rule among small
bee-keepers is to give but a small sur-
plus capacity in tbe spring, and let
this remain all summer to be taken
off in the fall, supposing that it is an
all summer's job for the bees to do^
when in most cases this space is filled
in a week or twofi and allowed +o re-
main in the hive all summer which re-
duces it to a poor rade of honey as
well as a small amount. Hundreds ">f
pounds of first-class honey might have
been obtained by giving a large capac-
ity, and removing the honey as fast
it is stored and completed. Some lo-
calities are better than others, and
some seasons are better than other
seasons, but it is never a mistake any
season to thus provide for the most
at all times and under all conditions.
By little forethought and work on
the part of the average Southern Cali-
fornia farmer or fruit grower he could
secure all the honey necessaiy for his
own use. — Rural Calif omian.

I

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staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

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CHINESE BEES.

Two kinds of bees exist iu China.
One of large size is dreaded by the
natives, and nothing has been done
toward "robbing" their nests or to
keep them in hives.

The other is much smaller. The
workers are only three-eighths of an
inch long, and the queens nearly half
an inch. They are black, with less
hair than the European kind, and that
hair is of a rusty color. When the
abdomen is distended, a yellow streak
or spot is seen occupying about one-
third of the width of each skin be-
tween the rings. The stinger is short,
the venom glands more developed than
those of the European kind, but the
sting is less painful than that of the
European bees.

Their nests are hung under the limbs
of trees or some other more or less
sheltered but not completely inclOised
place. Hunting wild bees is not al-
ways easy; so the natives are in the
habit of putting here and there on
some trees, pieces of bark about six
feet long, and placed horizontally or
nearly so, so that the imder surface
furnishes the wild bees a sheltered
place to hang their nests. Of one hun-
dred pieces fixed that way, from twen-
ty to forty are soon found occupied
by swarms, and can easily be har-
vested. If possible, the tree called
tram (Melaleuca leucodendron) is
chosen, as the bees seem to have a
preference for it. The "harvesting" is
usually done in August. Each nest fur-
nishes one or two pounds of wax and
a quantity of honey. To climb a tree,
the hunter uses a number of bamboo
spikes, which he drives in the bark of
the trees. These hold the weight of
a man as well as an iron spike driven
in a telegraph pole. The woods are
divided in portions and these leased
to those who will take what honey,
gums, resins and other wild products
are there.

These bees are also kept in hives;

that is, hollow logs, closed at the ends
with pieces of bark or boards fasten-
ed with "buffalo chips" mortar. When
the robbing is done, it is merely a
question of cutting the combs, driving
the bees off with smoke, mashing
combs and all, and melting thsm to
separate the honey and the wax. The
honey is decidedly of inferior quality.
— L'Apiculteur.

TURKEY.

A brigand named Nebi was pursued
by the Turkish "gendarmes." He fi-
nally took refuge in a small house
which, like all the oriental houses, had
but few windows, .iust big enough to
enable the brigand to shoot down the
'•gendarmes'' at his own convenience.

In a garden nearby were some bee
hives. The sergeant of the gendarmes,
finally took one of the hives and man-
aged to throw it through the window
into the house then occupied by the
unfortunate Nebi. The result can
easily be guessed. What may not be
so easily guessed, is that the unfor-
tunate Nebi died in the hospital at
Smyrna the next day, from the re-
sults of the stings received. — L'Api-
culteur.

FRANCE.
Mr. Betmale observed a youngi
queen coming out to mate on the 9th f
of April. The weather was unfavor-
able a part of the time, the drones'
very scarce yet. So, after several un-
successful attempts, that queen mated'
on April 30. The 3rd of May, eggsi
were seen in a few cells, workers and'
drone cells both. May 4 the queen
came out and mated again. The fifth;
and following days, eggs were found:
in abundance. — L'Apiculteur.

An apiarist of St. Jory (France) wasi
sued for damages done by his bees to
the grapes of one of his neighbors.
After investigation, the court decided!
that, as wasps and other insects were

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

145

also guilty of said damages, that other
bees than those of the apiarist had
likely taken part in the pillaging, that
as the bees did not open the grapes,
but only sucked the already damaged
grains, the apiarist could not be held
responsible only for a small part of
the damage done, and therefore con-
demned hhu to pay damages to the
amount of 60 cents I — Gazette Apicole.

All ai)iarists know that foundation
in brood combs is liable to buckle
more or less. Mr. Kiihn claims that
in the ]irocess of manufacture the
wax is pressed hard and its molecule.?
are in an abnormal state. When the
comb of foundation is placed in the
hive, the wax softens enough to per-
mit the molecules to spread apart to
'their 'normial position; hence an in-
crease in the size of the sheet and the
consequent buckling. To avoid this,
he warms the sheets of foundation
until tbey are quite soft before put-
ting them in the frames Thus treated,
the foundation never buckles. The
fact is conifirmed by Mr. Ualon, who
had recently made 2,400 brood combs
with heated foundation. All are per-
fectly straight. — L'Apirculteur.

the queen is left alone and sometimes
starves.

Occasionally .there is a considerable
amount of drone brood in the old hive
about ready to hatch, when the opera-
tion is performed. After they emerge,
they are prisoners, die in the hive and
obstruct the queen excluder, causing
the loss of the remaining bi'ood.

Just now, while writing the above
two Hues, the thought occurs to me,
that this could be obviated by open-
ing now and then the entrance of the
old hive and let them out. — A. G. —
Le Rucher Beige.

As stated before, artificial, or,
rather, anticipated swarming. ha,s
been largely practiced in Europe. Some
of the methods used involve the
changing of place of the colonies. Mr.
Whathelet warns the "novices" to
never put a colony in the place of an-
other except in good weather and good
flow of nectar, otherwise flghting ttr
robbing would follow.— The Rucher
Beige.

The price of honey has fallen great-
ly in France for the last few years.
The customai-y price for 100 kilo, used
to be from 110 to 130 francs. Now 90
francs is the highest price paid, and
many bee-keepers are thankful to get
75 francs for their crops. It is inti-
mated that the movable comb hive is
to blame, which makes it possible to
obtain from 20 to 30 kilograms per
hive, against five to ten kilograms
under the old system. It is also said
that large quantities of honey are im-
ported, upon which no duty is levied.
— Leipz. Bztg.

GERMANY.

For years the German bee-keepers
have used various tools for the pur-
pose of removing the cappings from
combs to be extracted. They have
the uncapping fork, uncapping har-
roAV, the spiked roller, the uncapping
plane, and also some more complicated
machinery which does the work. All
these tools do not see«i to satisfy.
Fredinand Holwek's new patented
uncapping plane, as herewith illus-
trated. Is siiid to do the work perfect-
ly. Nothing better need be looked for.

BELGIUM.

The process of transferring gener-
ally used in Europe consists in drum-
ming the bees and the queen into the
new hive, then put a queen excluder
on it, and tbe old hive on the excluder,
closing all openings except the en-
trance to the new hive. After twen-
ty-one days the old hive has no more
brood, and can be demolished.

The process does not always suc-
ceed. Sometimes, if the colony is
■weak and the weather unfavorable.
the bees remain in the old hive, and

The invento*' says in Deutsche Imber
that with uniform straight combs the
cappings are all removed and are per-
fectly dry. This implement is now
manufactured in Sounenburg and
costs about $1.25.

It has been found profitable to
space frames in extracting supers a
little further apart than such for
brood bearing. A. Weber, of Schoe-
naii speaks in Leipz. Bztg. of using
very thick combs of more than two-

146

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

inch spacing. His extracting frames
are made one and one-lialf inces wide,
and old comb is used preferably to
fill tliem. After being used once, and
having tlie cells all lengthened out,
the queen cannot deposit eggs in them
— at any rate, the instances are very
rare when she does, even when the
br»od chamber is contracted. Such
thick combs prevent the storage of
pollen. Herr Weber says that a sub-
stantial extractor has to be used with
such heavy combs.

queen cells over eggs or larvae?" arft
pretty well agreed that larvae are al-
ways selected. In cases where only
eggs are present the bees wait imtil
some larvae have hatched before cells
are built o\ev them. — Schweitz. Btzg.

SIBERIA.

That a colony of bees may be win-
tered without pollen, and even with-
out combs. A Ziche reports in Central
Blatt of having succeeded several
years ago with a naked swarm of bees
which he received from a friend late
in the fall. The bees M-ere put into
an empty straw hive and kept in a
garret above a heated room diu'ing
the winter months. They were fed
on liquid food (honey). At the close
of March no comb had been built, but
soon after they began in earnest to
build a comb. They were then placed
in the bee-house and feeding was con-
tinued. The colony proved to be a
proifitable one that season.

"Apiculteur" says that there are sev-
enteen different kinds of linden trees
in Siberia which blossom in close suc-
cession, thus furnishing the bees a
long continued, most excellent honey
season. The principal hives used are
American hives. As the winters are
very severe, only strong colonies are
taken into the winter. Indoor-winter-
ing alone is practiced.

AUSTRIA.

During 1903 there were imported
into Germany, in round numbers, ac-
cording to "Die Biene und ihre
Zucht:" From Chili, 1,980,000 pounds
of honey; from Mexico, 636,000 pounds
of honey; from Cuba and Porto Rico,
1,267,000 pounds of honey; from the
United States, 840,000 pounds of
honey.

Earthwax has largely taken the
place of beeswax. It is known under
the name of "ozokerit" and is found
in Utah, California, Roumania, and
Gahcia. Its color is dark brown, but
when refined can hardly be told from
the genuine beeswax. It is spaded
out like clay, and its value in the raw
state is 0.76 marks per* kilogram. —
Centralblatt.

Otto Schulz, of comb foundation
fame in Germany, is now manufac-
turing comb foundation with a metal
base.

Hans Techaczek appeals to the wives
of bee-keepers and urges them to en-
ter into the work of bee-keeping and
assist their husbands in the handling
of the bees. He says that it has come
under his observation a number of
times that, where the bee-keeper sud-
denly died, the bees and the apiarian
implements wei*e almost as good as
given away, when the wife, if she
had been able to continue the busi-
ness, might have had a good income.
Techaczek speaks in pai'ticular of the
death of a noted bee-keeper. Herr
Sparytka, who left an apiary of fifty-
eight fine colonies. They were sold
at a low figure. Schmid. of St. Valen-
tine, left a magnificent apiary, which,
when sold with all the apiarian im-
plements, did not bring as much aS'
his American foundation mill was*
A^orth.— Bienen-Vater.

SWITZERLAND.

Eight bee-keepers of Switzerland,
who give the answer to the question.
"Do queenless colonies construct

It is a mystery where some of our
agricultural exchanges get much of
•the information (?) with which to
stuff thieir "Bee Departments." The
supply appears to be always ample and
divei'sified. It must be machine made.
A year or so ago one of the leading
.ioumals in this line stated that slow
cooling was the secret of bright yellow
wax. Now, from this same popular
source we get this equally brilliant
"tip;" "The experiment of clipping
the queen's wing to prevent swax-ming
has been tried with only inditterent
success." These are but samples of
the apiarian wisdom usually employed
upon the staff of our agricultural pub-
lications and syndicate newspapei-s.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

14^

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

most disastrous year we have ever
had, for tlie bees in the honey locali-
ties are not securing enough honey to
live on." On the other hand, a "hon-
ey-man" from Los Angeles, who called
upon a large Eastern dealer, June
11th, assured him that no less than 75
car loads of honey— 1904 crop— yet re-
mained unsold in Southern California,
upon that date. It's hard to believe
that such a thing exists among "hon-
ey-men," but it looks mightily as if
there was a liar abroad in tiie laud
somewhere.

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postofiBce.

Postage prepaid in the United States anc
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertisine; Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions:
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements wtast be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to Insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business-
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,
• Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. Hill,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper^ will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
yau owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your earliest attention.

Mr. George J. VandeVoi-d, Daytona,
Fla., writes that he has had a most
disastrous season. Has had over 300
nuclei in operation and, since April
15th, not five per cent, of his young
queens have mated and begun to lay.
He has had to decline numerous or-
ders, and is returning money sent for
queens. He states that his ad in our
Directory has proved "a profitable or-
der getter" for him. and asks that it
be discontinued until he can locate
more favorably. Like Mr. Vande
Vord, we believe Florida to be one ot
the most unfavorable countries in the
United States for the rearing of
queens. No better queens, of course,
can be reared anywhere than in Flor-
ida, but so many conditions conspire
to render the work difficult that only
those exceptionally well located can
make a success of it. We have simi-
lar complaints from other Florida
breeders this season.

There have been numerous reports
of the sea.son's failure in Southern
California, but the darkest picture of
all comes from Secretary Brodbeck, of
the National Association, to the
American Bee .Journal, in which he
says: "There will be no honey to
speak of produced in Southem Cali-
fornia this season, and, furthermore,
now looks as if it will prove the

The annual convention of the Na-
tional Bee-Keepers' Associa.tion will
be held in St. Louis, Mo., September
27, 28, 29 and 30. The 27th and 28th
will be "International Days," all foi--
eign bee-keepers to take part. The
29th will be "National Association
Day," and the 30th. "Inspectors' Day,"
the latter to be devoted to tlie dis-
cussion of diseases of bees. General
Manager France, writes that he is pre-
paring a large map of the United
States and Europe, and upon each
State will be affixed one-pound glass
bottles of the various kinds of honey
produced in the respective States. A
stenographic report of the convention
will be taken and furnished in full to
all members. Programme of the meet-
ing will be Issued later.

1

I

Saw palmetto, one of the chief
sources of honey supply in South

148 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. July

Florida, has failed entirely this sea- puts such honey on the marliet were
son. This is another factor which the only one affected by it, it would
should stimulate a more active market be less matter. But the whoie mar-
in the East. ' ket is to some extent affected by it.

The consumer who gets a sample of

"THE IRISH BEE GUIDE " such honey is easily persuaded to be-

Our sincere thanks are due the lieje that it is no longer possible to
author, Rev. J. G. Digges, M. A., edi- P* ^'>^P^ ^^'""^ ^'^ pure or if he be-
tor of the Irish Bee Journal, for a copy ^'^^f '\ P"/''^ ^ concludes that he is
of the new apiarian work, "The Irish "^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ *^«°^y' '"^"^^ ^"^^ ^^^ care
Bee Guide." The new volume con- ^^^' i^ore.

tains 220 pages, very nicely printed, "What are the inducements In ex-
and substantially bound in cloth. It tracting unripe honey? One is, that
completelv covers the subiect of bee it saves labor to extract before the
culture, which is treated in Dr. Digges' honey is sealed. But the mere saving
pecuUarlv comprehensive and concise of the labor of uncapping would be
style. The illustrations are numerous b"t a small inducement were it not for
and of exceptional interest, being well the other and greater inducement of
executed and each bearing a signifi- ^ larger quantity. To get just a little
cant relation to the text Many of more honey by extracting before un-
these illustrations are reproductions capping, some are wilUng to spoil the
from the autlior's own photographs, future chances of themselves and oth-
and the general air of originality ci's tor the sake of the present gain,
which pervades the work is admirable "Now comes Editor Hill, of The
in the extreme. American Bee-Keeper, backed by no

The book is one which should find a less an authority than the veteran,
place in every apiarian library in the o. O. Poppleton, saying there is noth-
world. The numerous full-page por- ing gained in quantity by extracting
traits of Ireland's beacon lights, are before ripening. Ninety per cent, of
of especial interest to those who have the total evaporation occurs during
read their pen production* so fre- the first night in the hive, and the
quently in the European periodicals, further improvement is not so much
while the original Halftones are not a matter of evaporation as a matter
less noteworthy. We bespeak a Tvide of influence caused by the presence
circulation for this recent acquisition of the bees, an influence subtle, but
to a,piarian lore. positively known to every experienced.'

apia-rist, whereby the honey slowly

LET THE HONEY GET RIPE. but surely attains tJiat degree of

The agricultural press, in general, ^^^^^^ a»*^ flavor that make the con-
usually makes a mess of anything at- s"mer who samples it wish for more,
tempted in the line of apiarian discus- "The experiment stations would be
sions, but the following, from the doing good ser^ace if they would de^
Florida Farmer and Fruit Grower, is ^ide for us just how much can be
a rare exception to this rule, and the ojained in weight by extracting un-
comment and suggestions are so ex- npe honev. but a little thinking)
cellent that we have pleasure in re- ought to convince anyone that the'
printing it in the American Bee- amount must be vei-y small compared!
Keeper: with the lai-ge amount of mischief

"One of the things— in many caises caused by placiHg such honev on the

it may \k> said the thing— that have market. On any good honey day, take

don* more than all else to injure the out a brood-comb and you can shake

sale of extracted honey, is the putting on* easily the nectar — not honey—

up(m the market of honey that i,s not therein contained; but go the next day

well ripened. Such honey does not before the bees have had any time to

improve in quality after it leaves the do any gathering and no nectar will

hands of the pi-oducer; generally, if be found. It can hardly be too strong-

not always, it deteriorates, sometimes ly emphasized, that the gaia to the

so much that tJhe producer would not man who puts unripe honey on the

recognlEe it as the honey he extracted, market, if in any .sense a gain at all.

It becomes ihin, inclined to .sour, is overbalanced by the resulting loss

with a flavor so vile that it is not fit to himself, besides doing au irrepara-

to put on the tabl«. If the one who ble mischief to ail other producers."

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

149

THE ORANGE BLOSSOM AS A
HONEY PRODUCER.

The idea seems to prevail among the
inexperienced that the orange blossom
is an important factor in swelling the
honey crops of producers located in
orange-growing sections. Every year
we receive letters which prove this
fact. The orange blossom is so beau-
tiful and fragrant that it is univer-
sally admired, and the bees join hu-
manity in this universal admiration.
However, there appeared to be such
a diversity of opinion in regard to its
nectar-yielding merits that we (jecided
to consult expert and experienced per-
sons in regard to the question, and
the result has been that much space
this month was devoted to discussing
the question.

But once in his life has the editor of
The Bee-Keeper been permitted to siee
and taste a sample said to be pure
orange blossom honey. Tliis was a
number of years ago, in Southern Cal-
ifornia; and the said sample was not
white honey. It was a light amber,
with a flavor actually suggestive of
the fragrance of the orange blossom,
with which he had for years been
familiar. It is doubtful if there lives
today a man who is better qualified
to speak upon this subject than Mr.
W. S. Hart, whose article we publish
in this number, ilr. Hart is not only
one of our most progressive and suc-
cessful apiai'ists, but is eminently In
the front rank of America's orange
growers, and his article is therefore
considered exceptionally meritorious
in this connection.

We hare heard of large crops of
orange blossom honey, and have read
of the immensity of the flows during
the period of orange bloom, but just
what the producers do with these
great harvests is not know^ to us.
Orange blossom honey has certainly
never achieved prominence as a com-
mercial commodity, and, from our
limited experience in ora,nge growing
sections, we should regard it as an
unimportant source of honey. We
should be much pleased to be able to
secure a one-pound sample of this
honey, for exhibtion at St. Louis, but
very much doubt our ability to get so
much as one pound.

The excellence of this product seems
to be generally conceded, but Mr. O. O.
Poppleton advises us that personally
be finds a disagreeable taste lurking
in the mouth soon after having eaten

it. This is the first and only instance
in which we have had an imfavorable
report in this direction.

In conclusion we would say to those
who contemplate moving to the or-
ange gi'oves of Florida or California,
in order to avail themselves of the
bountiful harvests of honey from this
source, Don't do it! If you are in a
maple or elm locality, we think you
have a fair equfvalent for orange blos-
som. ■

THE LATE DEACON HARD-
SCRABBLE.

Many of our readers have wi-itten to
express their regret for the loss of
our late correspondent. Deacon Hard-
scrabble. In fact, we have been
somewhat surprised to learn of the
deep-rooted affection held by many ot
our readers for the Deacon. Several
complimentai*y press notices have
also appeared in other journals. The
Rural Bee-Keeper says:

"Deacon Hardscrabble, a humorous
and sarcastic writer for the American
Bee-Keeper, is dead. By his death the
bee-keepers of the country have sus-
tained a great loss. He was one
among the soundest writers to any of
our bee journals."

Gleanings in Bee Culture expresses
its regard for the departed Deacon in
this wise:

"A prominent featui:e of the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper for a long time has
been the articles of Deacon Hard-
scrabble. Although Uncle John fre-
quently dipped his pen in sulphuric
acid, and more frequently fired his
gun toward those who might be con-
sidered his friends than towards his
enemies, he scored a good many fine
points. He has gone the way of all
the earth, dying Jan. 27. A good photo
of him appears in said journal for
April."

We, too, are inclined to regard it as
a calamity tha* the Deacoii should
have been cut down in the very hay-
day, so to speak, of his terrestrial use-
fulness, for it did seem that the effort
and chief desii^e of his life were to
effect a reformation in beedom; and
since his demise, as we tear the wrap-
pers from our exchanges by the dim
light of our lonely sanctum, there is
sometimes what may be described as
an undescribable turbulence about
the dark corners of our nocturnal re-
treat, as if Uncle John were vainly
struggling to impart some important
criticism.

I

130

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

Now, we are no spiritualist, and are
therefore at sea as to a method of
relief; but are deeply impressed with
a thought that since Uncle John's de-
parture a number of things have ac-
cumulated Avhich are regarded as
needing attention; and we have there-
fore called into requisition the sei'-
vices of a mediumistic friend, who,
it is hoped, will be able to clear up the
mystery of these manifestations. We
have also set a number of cameras
about the office in such a way, and so
equipped, tliat we may be able to illus-
trate any phenomenal message which
Uncle John may succeed in transmit-
ting to The Bee-Keeper.

This is rather an unusual departure
in bee journalism, and a venture which
is not unattended with difficulties to
one unskilled in the intricacies of
spiritualism; but through these efforts
we seek relief from such disquieting
conditions when concentration of
thought upon our editorial work is so
important. What the outcome shall
be, our readers will learn. We only
hope Uncle John will spare us any
weird tales of bee-keepers he has re-
cently met, and confine himself to this
mundane sphere.

THE OLD WILEY PLEASANTRY.

The Ladies' Home .Journal, one of
the most widely circulated and influ-
ential home magazines in the English
language, publishes in its June issue a
two-column article contributed by Em-
ma E. Walker, M. D.. entitled "Is
Candy-Eating Hamiful for Girls? '
Dr. Walker treats her subject in a
manner to convince the reader that he
is following one eminently qualified to
speak; but when a bee-keeper of the
twentieth century comes to the follow-
ing paragraphs his faith in the writer's
wisdom drops below zero. Listen to
Emma E. Walker. M.D.:

"One of the causes of indigestion
from candy-eating is an adulterant
that is sometimes employed — paraffin.
This is especially used in caramels in
order to make them cut well wuen
poured out of lue mold, and it is some-
times formd in old-fashioned molasses
candy. A most ingenious use to which
paraffin has been put in America has
been the manufacture of artificial
honeycomb. It duplicates the natural
conilis remarkably well; the little cells
are then filled with glucose slightly
•flavored to give the honey taste, and

the artificial product is ready for use.
This is not harmful, but it is not hon-
ey. Paraffin is not poison, but it is an
adulterant, and taken into the stomach
it is indigestible."

To the toiling bee-Keeper whose ev-
ery energy for years has been bent to
produce and market a pure, whole-
some article, educate the fraternity in
the science of producing and handling
rich, thick, delicious honey, and con-
tributing to a national fund the chief
purpose of which is prosecuting those
who adulterate liquid honey, is it not
enough to bring drops of sweat to his
brow to read this hoarj' canard now
in the columns of a magazine tJie read-
ers of which are numbered by the hun-
dreds of thousa,nds? The damage to
honey producing interests of America
alone, by the publication of this sin-
gle paragraph cannot be computed,
but it is enormous; and it is the obvi-
ous duty of every bee-keeper, every-
where, to lend his aid in securing re-
dress for the Injury thereby sustained,
by writing the editor of the Ladies'
Home Journal, Philadelphia, Pa., ask-
ing the editor to be kind enough to
assist us in undoing the wrong by
stating the truth of the matter to his
numerous readers. It will require a
very urgent demand to secure such a
retraction, for the editors of such
publications are loth to acknowledge
errors committed by the journals over
Avhlch they preside. However, about
ten thousand letters from bee-keepers
may have the desired effect. We trust
the reader will promptly contribute
his mite by writing an urgent but re-
spectful letter at once.

Below we submit a letter just re-
ceived in response to a very urgent
appeal which we wrote to the Ladies'
Home Journal upon reading the fore-
going paragraph in its columns:

Philadelphia, June 17, 1904.
Dear Sir:

We regret that you feel disturbed by
a blunder which appears to have been
made by Dr. Walker in her reference
to adulterated honey. We shall for-
ward your letter to her, and quite
likely she may be moved to make
some reply directly to you.
Very truly yours.
Wm. V. Alexander,

Managing Editor.

Now, in the name of all that is good
and great, in this world and elsewhere,
what good Avill it do if Dr. Walker

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEF-: I'E^:.

151

should condesceml to "make some re-
pjy directly" totlie editor of Tlae Bee-
Keeper; or, indeed, if she should
write personally to each of the 400,000
bee-keepers in the United States?
What we want is that readers of the
Ladies' Home Journal be informed
that artificial comb honey is not and
never was in existence. The Ladies'
Home Journal has told its readers that
artificial comb honey is made, and it
is its obvious duty to take it back, if
it cares to sustain a reputation for re-
liability. If it is honest, and desires
to deal honestly with its patrons, it
will not hesitate to make an open
Statement of the truth; but it devolves
upon the bee-keepers to impress this
truth upon the editor of the offending
periodical. The statement is libelous
and extremely damaging to an im-
portant industry, and the case is sutli-
ciently imporatnt to be taken in hand
by the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion. As an initiatory step, .each and
every officer of the Association should
write a strong letter to the Ladies'
Home Journal. If this shonld fail to
elicit the desired retraction, proceed-
ings of a more formal character might
be considered. However, the readers
of the Ladies' Home Journal must not
be left to believe this falsehood, and it
is up to the bee-keepers to consider
how the evil may best be dealt with.

ANTICIPATED SWARMING.

On page 113 of The Bee-Keeper for
June was published an article on "An-
ticipated Swarming," from tiie pen of
Mr. Adrian Getaz. This the American
Bee Journal has reproduced, with the
suggestion that it might be worth con-
sidering. The Journal also calls at-
tention to one point which may possi-
bly appear obscure to some readers,
as follows:

"Mr. Getaz says of hive No. 2, 'The
absence of its queen during the eight
days that the brood nests were ex-
changed, has killed the .swarming
fever completely.' According to the
description, the queen has not been
absent from the hive at all, but the
removal of the colony to stand No. 3
has deprived it of its flying force, and
I that continued for eight days would
[certainly destroy all impulse to swarm.
The queen, however, will continue
I laying without interruption, and when
iBetumed to stand No. 2 the colony will
I be as strong as ever. Is it not likely

that in many cases it will then decide
to swarm?"

We think it will be i-eadily under-
stood that while in realit3f the queen
has not been absent from hive No. 2,
she has been absent from the working
force during the period of occupancy
upon stand No. 3; and it is, doubtless,
this interruption the influence of
which is supposed to allay the swarn.-
iug inclination.

Theorizing in .such matters is all
right as far as it goes, but it does not
go very far. If the plan has proven
successful by practical demonstration,
those interested are at .x^erty to test
its merits in their own practice, and
personal opinions a,s to what may be
tue outcome are utterly valueless.

MR. THEILMANN DEAD.
In the June edition of The Bee-
Keeper was published an article on
the "Prevention of Increase," by Mr.
C. Theilmann, together with a portrait
of the venerable author. The article
was written last August, and was
held until this year for publication in
oi-der that it migiit be more season-
able. When sending in the contribu-
tion, Mr. Theilmann, in a personal let-
ter to the editor, said: "This will
probably be the last article I shall
ever write for publication." After
holding his article for nearly a year,
it is rather a noteworthy coincidence
that upon May 30, the very day that
the June edition was being wrapped
for mailing — the edition in which ap-
peared his article and portrait — Mr.
Theilmann bid adieu to this "vale of
tears." The apiarian fraternity,
through the death of Mr. Theilmann,
has lost a worthy and highly esteemed
member, and The American Bee-
Keeper mourns the loss of a true
friend.

Doubtless many bee-keepers will
have become discouraged as a result
of the heavy losses of last winter, and
therefore discontinue the business.
The time to stick, and stick fast, to
any business is when others are with-
drawing. Such a general decrease in
the producing capacity of the coun-
try will have a reaction favorable to
those still holding on and increasing
their capacity for production.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

An able and experienced bee-keeper
in Massachusetts writes: "I consider
The Bee-Keeper first-class, and look
forward to its coming each month
with much interest." That appears
to be the general consensus, and is
very gratifying to the publishers and
editor.

A letter from Editor Putnam, of the
Rural Bee-Keeper, River Falls, Wis.,
under date of June 9, says: "White
clover honey bids fair to be a good
crop this season. Bees are building
up fine and clover is looking well."
We trust the fondest hopes of the Wis-
consin boys may be realized.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
fjopular litera-
ry family

^-^-^^~"^^^"^^ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers -with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We ^vish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

Clubbing Offers

Here Is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as good, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee Journal in place of Gleanings,
if they wish, or all for $1.60. Renew-
als to A. B. J. add 40c. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support*
ed us during the past season, w<
desire to express our thanks foi
your patronage in the past, anc
respectfully solicit a continuance o)
your valued favors through the seai
son of 1904,
Our queens now stand upon theb
merits and foi*mer record. We an
preparing for next season, and seeb
ing the patronage of large apiaristJ
and dealers. We do not claim tha
our queens are superior to all otb
ers, but that they are as good ai
the best. We will furnish from om
to a thousand at the followinj
prices: "''^sted of either race, $1
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 1
for $G, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 5
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Bei
Clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL=
JURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co. I

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

i

J^

WATER TOWN,

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS ik CO.
Watertown, Wis.

Send fc
Catalof

ONE-HALr INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

■HE A. I. ROOT CO.. MEDi.>A, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

^ UEENS from Jamaica any day in the
i^ year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
ct tested, $1.50. Our queens are reared from
very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
■Mar P O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113, PROVI-
DENCE, R. I., is tilling orders for the popu-
hardy, honey-getting rrovidence strain of

leens. Write for free information.

H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO

(Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)

)lden yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan

eens, bred from select mothers in separate

iaries.

)HN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL. TENN..

sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold

Italian queens that skill and experience

produce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No

ease.

UIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
wintered on their summer stands within
ew miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
« Circular. BelleVue, Ohio. (5-5)

J. DAVIS. Jr., YOUNGSVILLE, PA., breed-
•_ er of Choice Italian Bees and Queens.
Jity, not quantity, is my motto. ~

C WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
'-' MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

C LONE BEE CO., SLONE; LOUISIANA.
"-^ Fine Golden Queens. Leather-Colared
Italians and Holy Lands. Prices low.

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and Camiolans. We guarantee safe
arrival The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.00.

m

CORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

'rHE HONEY AND BEE COMPANY.
1 BEEVILLE, TEXAS. Holy Land, Car-
niolan, Cyprian, Albino and 3 and 5-banded
Italian queens. Write for our low prices.
Satisfaction guaranteed.

pUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-

• carded after trial of these wonderful bees,

r'articulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, England. 4

;^"Lrnder this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates. „^

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices.
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(5-5)

We are always in the marktt for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCEl
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo.

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South W<
Street, Chicago. (5-;

HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET.

Denver, Colo., June 11. — The supply of ex-
tracted honey is plentiful, with slow demana.
We quote today as follows: Xo. 1 white, per
case of 24 sections, $2.75. Extracted, in a
local way, 7 to 7H cents. Beeswax. 22 to 2S
cents. Arrival of small fruits has depressing
effect on honey market. We are cleared up
on comb honey.

Colorado Honey Producers' Assn.,

1440 Market Street.

Kansas City, Mo, June 10. — The supply of
honey is very limited, with steady demand.
New honey has not begun to arrive yet, and
we look for the market to remain in its pres-
ent condition for awhile. We quote our mar-
ket today as follows: Comb, $2.25 to $3.00
per case. Extracted, dull. Beeswax, 30 cents.
C. C. demons & Co.

Chicago, May 9. — The market has an over-
supply of comb honey, very little of which
will pass as No. 1 grade. Price is 11 to 12
cents per pound, and off grades at a corre^
sponding value. Extracted, S to 7 cents per
pound for best grades of white; amber colors,
5 to 6 cents per pound. Beeswax, 30 cents
per pound.

R. A. Burnett & Co.,

199 South Water Street.

New York, May 17. — Comb honey very
(Juiet and dark grades or anything but fancy
is in no demand. The supply of honey is
large. We quote our market today as fol-
lows: Fancy comb, 13c.; No. 1, i2c. ; am-
ber, 10c. Extracted, white, 6^2-. , amber, 5 to
5V^c. Beeswax, 30c.

Hiidreth & Segelken.

Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15. — The demand ,
honey is slow for this season of the y
which is due to the vast quantities that
held over from last season, and the impc
tion of Cuban honey. We quote amber,
barrels and cans, at 5J^4 to V/i cents. W
clover, 6^/^ to 8 cents. Beeswax, 30 cents
The Fred W. Muth Co.,

No. 51 Walnut Stre(,

Dublin, Ireland, June 8. — Old crop
cleared up. No new stock offering yet.

O. & R. Fry

Cent=a=Word Colum

"INCREASE" is the title of a little b
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make
winter losses without much labor and i
out breaking up full colonies; entirely
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free,
dress E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa.

Buffalo, May 16. — Fruit hurts the sale of all
grades of honey and we cannot encourage
shipments here unless shinpers want their
honey sold low. The supply is moderate and
the demand very light. We quote as follows
today: Comb, 7 to 12c., as to quality. Ex-
tracted, 5 to 8c. Beeswax, 28 to 32c.

Batterson & Co.

Matanzas, Cuba, May 26. — Old crop is about
all sold. Last sales were at 26 cents a gallon ;
one cent additional for each gallon in casks.
Beeswax is quoted at $31.25, Spanish gold, per

cwt. ■, if

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera c
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $
will sell with leather case for J-'?.50 c
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer,*
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and 1:
cost J150, in first-class condition, was bui
order for the owner. Tires new. \\i\\
for ^25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed,
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakev f^
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising
ties, good commission allowed. Send
catalogue and terms. American Mam I
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED — To exchange six-month's
subscription to The American Bee-Ke I
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Add,!
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

LEOTA APIARY.— Pure honey for sail
all times. Thos. Worthington, L^
Miss. <«

The Pacific States Bee Journal
AND THE

Kocky Mountain Bee Journal

Have been consolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
one journal under the name.

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
larger and better than either of
its predecessors, and its pub-
lisher will make every effort to
make it the best bee journal
published anywhere. It is pub-
lished in the west, where the
largest apiaries in the world are
located, and is therefore most in
touch with what is best and
most practical in beetlom.

Write for free Sample copy.

Subscription $1.00 per annum.

P. F. ADELSBACH,

I Editor and Publisher,

HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

National Bee^Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
orld.

Organized to protect and promote the
iterests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

<. E.FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

.■jH<|<J)V(yJl tuaJlLjiiiluNlfc^iUjKJ^ityjt^A^nt ^^t^^^^^A^A^li^ ^^^J^j^t^iyl^^^^

D Subscription Agencies. C

J Subscinptions for the Ameri- ^

3 can Bee-Keeper may be entered ©

3 through any of the following C

3 ag'ents, when more convenient ©

I than remitting to our offices at i^

I Fort Pierce, Florida, or James- $

I town, N. Y.: ©

J. E. Jonhson, Williamsfield, c

:ii. I

The Fred W. Muth Company, g

51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. C

John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex. ^

Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell, ©

Ontario. ^

\

1 3 G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek, C

I 2 British Honduras. £

ij Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N. ©

^ Rochester, Kent Co., Iran House, ©

1 England. ©
3 G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang- ©
3 anui, New Zealand. S
5 H. H. Robinson, Independeucia ©

2 16, Matanzas, Cuba. ^
5 Colorado Honey Producers' ©
I Association. 1440 Market St., ©

3 Denver, Colo. ©

A Boon
For

PoiiltrjKeerBB

How we make our bens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keepers' Acc't and Eag Record showing
K^lns or losses e verj- month for one year. Worth 35
cts, sent to you for lOc. If you wUl send names of 5
mltry keepers with your order; Address,

VlBliERT. P.B. 56. ClintonTille. Conn

r

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

special Notice to Bee=kcepcrs! ^

BOSTON

MoBcy in Bees for You.
Catalog Price on

ROOT^S SUPPLIES 1

Catalog for the Asking. tj

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St., §
Boston, Mass. i^

L Up First Flight. ^

PROVIDENCE QUEERS
ROVE THEIR (JOALITEIS

TO BE

UNEXCELLED

Head your colonies with them.
Use them to invigorate your stock.
They will increase your profits.
Produced by many years of careful
breeding. A circular will be sent
on request.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,
P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

Put Your Trust in Providence Queens

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

mmm

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.)

' Send your business direct to 'Washington, <
saves time, costs less, better service, J

My ofSce close to U. 3. Patent Office. FREE preUmln- (
• ary examinaMonB made. Atty's fee not due until patent (
> is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS t
' ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," i'
[etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggen'
I receive special notice, without charge, in the J

INVENTIVE AGE;

[illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year.

iE.G.8IGGERS,rs„^,«=jTbi?.o«'i:

H. K

If, BIKGHAI

J has made all the Im,
provemeiits ii

Bee Smokers anc
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, undoubted!)
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt, sen

postpaid, per mail $1.5

3^ inch 1.1

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.0.

2!^ inch 9

r. F.Bingham, ^'"^''wy v:" 'l

_ ., .«, ^ Lattle Wonder, 2 in. .6

Farwell, Mich.

Patent Wired Comb Foandatlon

has no sag^ in brood frames

Thin Flat Bottom FouodatiOB

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey
Being the cleanest is usually worked th f
quickest of any foundation made. The tal
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnisl '
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheape
and not half the trouble to use that it is t' '
wire brood frames.
Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN A SONS,

Sole Manufacturers
Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Yl

1. J. STRINQHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Keeps a full stock of hives, sections, and smokers— in factt
everything a bee-keeper uses.

Colonies of Italian Bees, in shipping boxes,
3 fr, nuc. col.

Unt. Italian Queens, _ _ -

Tested Italian Queens, - - -

Apiaries. Glen Cove, L. I.

$5.75

3.75

.85

J. 00

Catalog free.

HE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTIRAL MONTN-
Y IN THE UNITED STATES Jtjtjltjtjtjijltjlt

^ARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
•agricultural journal. It is brimful of
iractical information and useful hints
or the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
tock raising, general farming, garden-
ig, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
ains a department for the household,
jhich. many find valuable. Another de-
artment giving valuable receipts and
emedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
umber contains articles of real prac-

cal use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sarn-
ie copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

'ARM UND HAUS

tf- BLUFFTON, OHIO.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75e. we will mail you the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAEB, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-Sulpbur Water aud Mud Baths

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Nature's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, sach as Liver
aod kidaey Complaiats, Slcin aU
BIcod Biseaies. Coastipation, Nerroni
Proftratlon, etc.

A new and up-to-dat« hotel. Large, airy
ight and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
aeat, hiectric Lights, Hot and Cold Water
m eaeh floor. Rates including Room, Board,
Vlud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Wuter Baths and
(ledical Aitead-ince (no extras) J2.50 and
13.00 a day, acsording to room.

WRITE FOU BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

j tf Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Headquarters for Bee Supplies

ROOT'S GOODS AT ROOT'S FACTORY PRICES.

Complete stock for 1904 now on hand. Freight rates from Cincinnati are
be lowest. Prompt service ie what I practice. Satisfaction guaranteed,
iangstroth Portico Hives and Standard Honey-Jars at lowest prie-^s.

You will save money buying from me. Catalog mailed free. Send for
ame.

QUEENS NOW READY TO SUPPLY BY RETURN MAIL

foklen Italians, Red Clover and Garni olan Queens; untested during June
I— 7SC 6— $4.00 i3"-$7.50

C. H. W. WEBER

•Bee and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
arehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos prccios en to-
da clase de articulos para Apicultorcs.
Nucstra Fabrica cs una de las mis
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadorcs
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quicnes lo soliciten. Dirija-

°^* *THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A-

^e^fc

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Fanner Pub. Co.,
•tt Nashville, Tenn.

The Eecord.

The Oldest and Leading Belgian
Hare Journal of America and
England.

R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher,

The only journal having
an English Belgian Hare
Department.

One copy worth the yearly
subscription.

If interestea, aon't fail to
send 2-cent stamp for sample
copy at once. Address,

tf.

R. J. FINLEY,

MACON , MO.

I To Subscribers of

I THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

I And Others!

I Until Further Notice

1 We Will Send The

BEGINNERS.

sbon.d h»Te » copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. RouBe; writte» m-
pecially lor amateurs. Second •dition ju«t •»'
First ©dition of 1,000 sold in less tha* two year*
Editor York says: "It U the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 oenU; by
Bail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a lire. pro(cre»«iTe, 28 page monthly journal,) one
year lor 65c. Apply to any first-claas dealer, •r
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., Hit gimiTiu., m..

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one

I year for 10 cents, providing you
_ mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the best pa-
per printed for the price.
Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. B. VATJGHAN

NEWBURGH, N. Y.

Agent for The W. T. Falconer Mfg

Go's.

BEE=KEEPERS' SUPPLIES.

Jy-4 Catalogue free.

AGENTS Wanted "waThTng Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
ail' cheaper than C'er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., JamQstown, N.Y.

The Tow a

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
])lanned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
II fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
ubscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

PATEHTS

promptlj obtained OR HO FEE. Trade-Marks,
Caveats, Copyrights and Label* registered.
TWENTT TEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.
Send model, sketch or photo, for free report
on patentability. All business confidential.
HAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everytliing. Tells
Hov7to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to (Jet a Partner, explains best
mechanical movements, and contains 300 other
subjects of importance to inventors. Actress,

H. B. WILLSOH & GO. """'

790 F Street North.

Attorneys
WASHINGTON, OX,

BARNES'

'^■^Q{ PiW p MrCMn ry,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, which
IS the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes, |
etc. Sent on trial. Send for |
Catalogue and Price List, i
U. F & I ISARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford. III. I

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks

DSCIGNS

Copyrights Ac.

Anyone sending a sketoh and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent free. Oldeat agency for securing patents.

Patents taken throueh Munti & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific JImcricam

A handsomely illustrated weekly. I/argest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year: four motiths, $1. Sold ty all newsdealers.

iyilINNiCo.3«'Broadway. New York

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, O. C.

ATRIA'S, GA.

Subscription,

50 Cents a Year.

'ublislied the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

VDVKRTISIXO R.\TRS ON AI'PLI-
fWTTON.

HOME SEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who jire iiiteivst
•'1 in tlic S'lMfheni section of tlH>
ri'ioii, .slionkl subscribe for TUP"'
!iI.\IE IIO.AfKSI'EKER. a bniHlsoiiK
illnstr.-ited iiiapiizine, describiiic: th<'
;ii(histvi;il (If^vciopnieiit of the South.
jiimI its niiiny advantages to lioiiu'seeU-
(•••s and investors. Sont one year (»n
Ilia I for 15c. Address,

THR DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va tf

Honey

I

PRODUCTIO^

AND

SELLING.

These are the two main problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as im-
portant as tlie other. Many can produce fine honey ,but fail to get the best
prices. Your ci'op in attractive jtackages is half sold. The first honey in
the market sells the best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

- No-drip Shipping Cases.

Do not put your section, honey i
poorly maide section cases. It wi
bring lt>ss if you do. We make oi
ca,ses of white bass-w©od, and tlu
are constructed so they will not lea
Neither do the sections gt<t stuck i
with honey. Made for all kind>
sections, and in all sizes. Also gla
for fronts. For retailing honey the
is nothing neater than the Dan:
<'arton. A,sk for our catalogue givii
Hersniser Jars. complete prices and descriptions.

The ifinest of all glass pack-
ages for extracted honey. Made
of clejir glass with aluniinuin
caps, wliich seal them tight. We
sell other styles of glass i)ack-
ages. Don't fail to study the
candied honey question. There
is a great future for this. We
sell the famous Aiken Honey
BbK f<»'" retailing candied honey.
See our general catalogue for
further description and prices.

Five-Gallon Tin Cans.

The favorite package for shippi

extracted honey. No leaking,

tainted iioney. The cans being ,squa

eeonimiize spaice, and :ire easily boX'

Also smaller sizes. Cans fnniisl)

vith dilferent widths of screw cj[

r Iioney gates. Don't fail t«) get (I

■.rices befoi-e ordering. Uenienill

liat freight charges .should lie C'[

sidered witli the |trices. We can sl|

from our branch hou.ses.

Complete Description and Prices in (Jeiieral. Catalogue.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.

Factory and Executive Office - = MEDINA, OJ

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We pay 2S cents cash or 30 cents
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re. AgentsWanted. tilb-
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WHAT THEY SAY.

W. H. Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

Dear Sir: — I delayed answering
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number of the Rural Bee Keeper and
must say as a Bee Keeper of 22
years experience I am more than
pleased with it, regardless of the
assertions of some that the pub-
lishing in rhis line was already
overdone, and if the improvements
continue, it will certainly be sec-
ond to none Avithin its first year of
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ber alone worth several years subscrip-
tion to any practical, live bee keeper
and I will say let the good work go on
and on. You have a good field and
the fact of our having a Bee Journal
pul)lished in our own state, should be
a lasting stimulant to all bee keepers
of AVisconsin and the Northwest and
50c certainly cannot be invested to bet-
ter advantage. You may send me
some more lilanks.

Yours truly Elias Fox.

Hillsboro, Wis.

Send lOcts for three back numbers
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Wauneta, Neb

4tf

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It is a ^velcome visitor in every home.

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We wisli to have our magazine in your
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MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
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3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past seasou, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: '^■sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25. 10
for $6. 15 for .$8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

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Si Vegetables, Fruits and Farm

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y JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

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n fg"

I WATER TOWN,

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

(J. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown, Wis.

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EXTRACIED HONEY.

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diately upon receipt of shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

^ No. 51 Walnut Street,

References :,
German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0.
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

CINCINNATI, O.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address —

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

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Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.
Sample copy and 64-page catalogue, FREE
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I A monthly .lournal devoted to agri-
I cultural interests. Largest circulation
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j bra,ska, loAva and Colorado.

.T. W. EARLEY, Editor,

Itf

1123 N St., Lincoln. Neb.

American

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Sample Free.

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Oldest bee-paper; illustrated.^

Departments fi r beg'ianenil

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Address,

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144 & 1<'6 Erie St. Chicago.Iu. i

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WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

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AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Jamestown, N.Y.I

Vol. XIV

AUGUST, 1904.

No. 8

A PICTURE WANTED.

THEY tell me you are au artist
Who can paint on the canvas
white
Pictures of scenes you nevei" saw,

In colors of shade and light.
If you can do this, good painter,

I would have you make for me,
A scene of my father's hill-farm,
Where the winds blew loud and free.

The house was large and pleasant,
Near the road tall Balsams fair,

And a Thorn Apple tree, and Locusts,
Were stirred by the balmy air.

At the corner, near the doorway.
Aglow with color bright.
Grew a bush of Honeysuckle,
With blossoms pink and white.

And close by my mother's window,

In beauty and fragrant bloom.
Stood a bush of yellow Roses,

Whose sweet breath filled the room.
And Roses red and blush and white.

And Lily bells fair to see.
With a bed of purple Pansies

I want you to paint for me.

The Cherry trees that each summer

Bore luscious fruit and sweet.
Grew south of the house, and in
springtime
Oast their white bloom at our feet.
The meadows were near and the corn-
field,
While the woods not far away,

Was the home of the birds whose
music
We heard at the break of day.

And down past the barns, through the
orchard.
And the lane, o'er the nny brook.
Which flowed with a pleasant mur-
mur,
My way I often took.
Down the hill and through the valley.
Where the red wild Strawberries
grew.
And the Willows droop over the
streamlets,
I wandered long ago.

Gathering flowers in the woodland.

Blue and white Violets rare.
And the Ferns which grew by the
brookside.

And yellow Cowslips fair.
Be siu-e that these are pictured.

And paint them in colors bright,
That shall make the dim old forest

Seem radiant with bloom and light.

There's the house, and the road, and
the Thorntree,

The Balsams and Locusts tall.
And the Roses and Honeysuckles,

Which grew by the eastern wall;
The Cherry trees and the meadows.

The cornfields and orchards old;
If you paint all these and the forest.

It Avill be more to me than gold.

—Park's Floral Magazine.

1

154

AVHAT

THE

CONSTITUTES

QUEEN?

A GOOD

Bv ArtUiir C. .Milltc

I HAVE often asked myself this
question and 1 liave as otten tried
to answer it both for myself and
for others. 1 have tried to enumerate
the virtues of good (lueens, but after
all is said it comes to this: the good
queen is the one whose colony gets
the most and best honey.

In looking at the work of some of
my trial stock my attention was ar-
rested by the colony of a queen which
I have called, for convenience, the
Vermonter. She is an Italio-Black hy-
brid which my son got in Vermont in
1902. His attention was attracted by
the large size of the swarm she was
with and by the quantity and quality
of the work the parent colony had
done.

I introduced her to a small nu-
cleus late in July. This she quickly
built up into a good colony and pro-
duced about 30 pounds extracted hon-
ey from fall flowers. Wintered on
summer stand and without any pro-
tection other than the thin hive, the
colony came through strong and at
this writing (.June 18) has already
yielded .30 pounds extracted honey
and has two 28 pound cases of comb
honey well under way. As the col-
ony fills three shallow chambers and
two supers. I looked for signs of
swarming and I also wanted to save
the extra queen cells. There were no
external symptoms, and within all was
serene. Not a queen cell oir cup to be
seen. Each brood chamber was
packed with brood except drone comb.
Such cells the queen had completely
avoided, even though in several
places she had laid in worker cells
all around the drone cells. These lat-
ter were all varnished and ready for
use. Apparently the workers wanted
drones but the queen did not.

The case is interesting. The queen
is in her fourth summer at least, and
has once been out with a swnrm and
yet now when she should be declin-
ing she is keeping the equivalent of
in L frames packed with brood and
declines to raise drones. Is she a

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. August,

good queen? I care nothing for the
markings of her bees but I do care
for the stamina which she possesses.
Her vigor is reproduced in her bees
as is shown by the size of her colony,
for it matters not how prolific a queen
may be, if her bees are not long-lived
the colony will not get big and stay
big. According to custom the bees
from this queen should be cross, but
they are not. They are not angelic
to be sure, but they handle well, mind
their own business and hustle.

Such a strain of bees is worth hav-
ing. Being a hybrid it will be diffi-
cult to foretell the qualities of queens
raised from lier, but vigor they doubt-
less will have, and that means a
whole lot. I sometimes think it is be-
ing lost sight of entirely. I am con-
stantly testing queens from diiferent
parts of the country and the virtue
most often conspicuous by its absence
is vigor. Queen after queen will die
young and their daughters are no bet-<
ter. Not all purchased queens are so
but their proportion is far too great
for the best good of the industry.

Another colony of interest in com-
parison with the Vermonter is head-
ed by a queen of the so-called leath-
er-colored Italians. The queen is in
her third summer and the colony is of
apparently the same population as the
other. Both have been subjected to
the same treatment. This Italian
stock has produced the same amount
of honey as the Vermonter, btit has
a host of drones and are too ugly to
live with. They are not content with
defending their home but are out
looking for trouble all the time and
it is almost impossible to handle them.

Here are two apparently equal col-
onies doing equal work and yet one
has a host of drones and the other
none. Apparently the drones are no
drain on the colony and yet I think
that assumption is wrong. Drones
feed liberally on freshly stored honey
provided the cells are full enough for
them to reach it. but when honey iS'
scarce they have to rely entirely on
the workers. Removal of the drones
(about 3 pints )has so far failed to
show any appreciable difference iu
honey supply.

.Tune 18, 1004.

^

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

loo

LATER.

Since the foregoing was written
tlie Vermont stock lias prepared to
swarm. A dozen fine queen cells
were completed and all the premon-
itory symptoms were present, when I
forced the swafm and saved a few of
the cells which later produced fine
queens. At the time I forced the
swarm there was a goodly amount
of worker brood but not a single cell
of drone brood in any stage could I
find. The drone cells were all nice-
ly polished but contained no eggs.

I made a very careful inspection of
the bees as they passed into the hive
and I found just three drones. These
may have come from some other stock
but I could not tell.

Here was a big thrifty colony all
ready to divide itself l>ut failing to
produce any males.

The reason therefor I do not even
hazard a guess at. If the workers
controlled the production of males
then surely they should have been
present. The desire for them seems
to have been present because drone
cells were made ready for the queen.

The ordinary need of them was
there in the coming of the young
queens.

To all appearance the queen was
normal, laid regularly and well, was
large and strong and had. during the
previous season, produced drones in
ordinary numbers. The queen's age
may have something to do with it,
but usually in a failing queen we get
an excess of drones or drones to the
exclusion of all others.

If the queen will deign to live
a while longer I will study her and
her colony most carefully.

To a limited extent this case sup-
ports my belief that aside from the
ijueen's dependence on the workers
for her food she lives and acts accord-
ng to her own instincts and will (if
we may use that term in connection
with bees).

Providence, R. I.. July 11. 1904.

HIVE VENTILATION.

By W. W. McNeul.

The Rural Bee-Keeper for .July
homes to hand in a new and especially
llesigned oo-ser. The new journal is

credit to its publishers.

PERHAPS it will not be amiss to
have a little talk just now upon
the subject of hive ventilation.
Good honej- fiows,good hives and good
strong swarms are all very necessary
to success, but the advantage there-
of will be rendered futile by poor ven-
tilation.

The heat generated by a colons' of
bees when storing honey rapidly of-
ten becomes intensely annoying and
forces the wax-workers to seek the
open air in large clusters on the front
of the hive. While they are there
their owner is losing good money on
them just as surely as night follows
the day. And that is not all; it is
provocative of swarming, which
causes an outlay of money for hives
and fixtures that eclipses the profits
that should accrue to the keeping of
bees. But however necessary good
ventilation may be, provision for it
should always be made at the bot-
tom of the hive and not at the top.
Bees are very much indisposed to
store honey close to where light and
air enter the hive and foe that rea-
son all openings that admit air direct-
ly into the hive should be at the bot-
tom. It would be better were hives
so made that the greater part of the
front end of the brood chamber could
be thrown open during the flush of
the honey season. This would enable
the liive bees to stay in the supers
and work at the very time they should
be there.

If for any reason it is deemed ad-
visable to give ventilation above the
brood chamber, or above a queen ex-
cluding honey-board. the supers should
then be made double-walled. By allow-
ing, say. one-half inch space between
the inner and outer wall an entrance
may be cut through the outer wall in
the middle or upper half of the super,
thus permitting of fairly good venti-
lation without the evils arising from
a direct entrance into the super. But
the main source of ventilation should
come from below and there should be
enough of it to insure against such a
disaster as the clustering of bees on

156

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

the front of the liive during a good
honey flow.

NoAv, another thing in connection
with this is the manipulation of the
supers. Bee-keepers have largely
been instructed to place an empty su-
per between a partly-filled one and
the brood chamber, when wishing to
give more room, instead of putting it
on top of the one that is already on
the hive. It has been claimed for
this that the bees are spurred to
greater activity to fill in the empty
space thus made between their sur-
plus honey and brood combs than
could be achieved in any other way.
But careful observation leads me to
question the correctness of such ma-
nipulation. My experience has been
that the farther I could draw the
comb builders from the brood combs
by hive manipulation the better were
the results in honey secured. We all
know that young bees are prone to
cluster on cr to keep close to the
brood combs and this action seriously
obsti'ucts ventilation which in turn
provokes swarming. The empty super
next to the brood chamber might do
all I'ight where the hive sits in the
cool shade of a tree, but when it has
no further protection from the sun's
rays than an ordinary shade board,
I feel positively certain that better re-
sults will be obtained by putting it on
top. When suitable bait combs are
given, the young bees are soon im-
pelled to go above, thus effectiug a
general distribution of them through-
out the hive and preventing that un-
bearable jamming or clogging of the
passage-ways in the brood chambers.

Grive your bees plenty of cool, fresh
air during the liot season. It is real
economy to do so and any hive that
does not afford good ventilation is not
practical and would be dear at any
price.

Can Bees Rear Drone Brood from Eggs Laid in
Worker Cells.

I am not going to say that they
can; neither am I going to say they
cannot; but I will say that I have
seen them do some things that looked
very much like they were able to rear
da'ones from fertile eggs laid in work-
er cells.

During the latter part of June I
shook the bees of a good strong col-
ony into an empty brood chamber,
put on a queen excluding honey-board
and then gave them the same exti'act-
ing super that Avas on the old hive.
The combs in the super were all nice
straight worker comb and the queen
had free access to them, before the
change was made into the new hive.
About one week later I looked into
the hive and found what might be ex-
pected, that the bees had done prac-
tically nothing below but had carried
their pollen and honey into the super;
queen cells had been started and alto-
gether the colony had behaved about
like a queenless colony. There be-
ing no drone brood in the super and
the bees feeling the need of drones,
they had presumed to rear them from
larwae in the worker combs. The cells
were accordingly lengthened and from
the size of the larvae it was evident
that fertile workers were not respon-
sible for the state of affairs, for
there had not been time enough for
larvae to attain that size from eggs
laid by them. There was not just a
few scatten'ing cells that were thus
lengthened but puite a large amoiint
of comb was raised to accommodate
the apparently changed condition of
the larvae. I have witnessed the
same thing many times in queenless
colonies and in queenless nuclei. I
know that in changing from worker
to drone size of cells or vice versa,
when building comb, bees will often
construct cells which to the eye ap-
pear to be of worker size but in
reality are a little larger. But this
brood that was in the lengthened cells
was not sandwiched in between drone
and worker cells in the same comb,
but it was in comb that was uniform-
ly of the worker size of cell. Now
gentlemen, you may draw your own
conclusions, I pass it up.

Wheelersburg, O.. July 11, 1904.

The Rocky Mountain Bee Journal
and the Pacific States Bee Journal
have been consolidated iinder the
name of the Western Bee Journal,
with P. F. Adelsbaugh at the editorial
helm. The new journal is neat, spicy
and instructive. It deserves success.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK.

157

ORANGE BLOSSOM HONEY.

By E. B. Rood.

MERICAN BEE-KEEPER:— ]
was surpriseil at Mr. W. S
■ Hart's article in tlie July Bee- lurking in your mouth."

conipellecl to yive an eight-frame hive
four stories. I regret that my un-
mixed orange blosscjm honey is all
gone, but if you care for some nyxt
spring you may expect a sample of
light amber honey, of good (luality
that will leave no "disagreeable taste

Keeper, in which he expresses an
opinion that a barrel of pure orange
blossom honey was never shipped
froui Florida and still more surprised
that the editor of the Bee-Keeper has
only once in his life tasted what was
"said to be pure orange-blossom
honey."

Braidentown, Fla., July 4th, 1904.

This IS very interesting, and the ed-
itor of The Bee-Iveeper will greatly
appreciate a sample of pvfe orange
blossom honey. Possibly, the nature
of the soil upon which the trees grow
My first enthusiasm fcir bee-keeping ^^^ something to do with the nectar

secretion, which may account for the
diversity of opinion in this regard. We
requested Mr. Brown to contribute an
article upon this subject for our last

was aroused by A. F. Brown's (the
migratory liee-keeper) success in se-
curing orange blossom honey at Glen-
wood , Volusia county. Florida

By "Swarthmore."

March 1SIJ4. He brought 200 colonies |««"e, but he declined to do so.— Ed-
there just as the blossoms were open- ^*^'''-
ing. They had been fed up strong

and immediately began to store honey ADVERTISING HONEY.
quite freely. He sold us comb and
extracted honey and we thought he

was producing it in almost unlimited

quantities. He has since told me, T WAS very much interested in Mr.
however, that he secured 10,000 J[ W. L. Coggshell's reference to the
pounds, or ."iO pounds per colony. Th.s sale of honey through an adv.
must have been ahnost pure orangv placed in an Ithaca local newspaper
blossom honey, for nothing else was because I had exactly the same ex-
near that any one claims produced an perience, with the exception of the
appreciable amount of honey. It was word "strained" which I did not use;
before gall berry or palmetto and very but I did say that the prodiict offered
tittle of either were within range. for sale was "guaranteed pure."

I am located in the heart of the or- I am of the opinion that it was not
ange groves of Manatee county, and, the tcfm "strained'' entirely that sold
though I have never equalled Mr. Mr. Cogshell's honey, it was the pub-
Brown's record, I get several barrels licity given to an excellent article of
)f crange blossom honey every year, food which created a craving among

Two years ago I exti'aeted .30 all who read the "ad."
)ounds per colony from one apiary The most successful articles of food
ind this year I extracted in all about are those which are widely adver-
,000 pounds, but my gall berry ter- tised. People will read what one has
toi'y was badly burned and the saw to say. They have no time to listen
almetto a total failure, so I did not at the door. Honey judiciously ad-
xtract closely. It is quite true that vertised and properly packed would
range blossoms aire not a prolific stand as good a show in tlie general
ource of honey, but I expect a strong market as any of the canned or
|olony to store 2.0 to .'iO pounds if it tinned good.s now crc-ried in enormous
oes not swarm. I have shaken a stocks all the way down froiu the job-
using colony on foundation in a ten- ber in groceries to the smallest re-
rame hive, adding a second story of taller of table goods.
mbs a few days later and in two As an experiment I placed a stock
eeks both were fuU. the lower story of extfacte<I honey in glass with my
brood and the upiier of sealed hon- grocer and started a series of five-line
And it is not uncommon to be readers in my own local newspaper

158 . THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

and it was not long before my gfo-
cer informed me tliat be was out of
boney. Several dozens were rapidly
moved by small advertising — wbat
could be reasonably expected if effort
of tbis kind on a larger scale sbould
be spread over an entire country? I
doubt if the demand could be sup-
plied.

\Mtb central points to which bee-
keepers of a given territory could ship
their honey, with the assurance that
a certain amount of cash for the ship-
ment would be forthcoming in a stip-
ulated length of time, stocks would
be accumulated from which selections
as to kinds and grades could be made
for the different localities throughout foom and
the country. Each central point them a lar
could determine the market for the
flavors which would be most accept-
able to the general palate and tin ac-
cordiagly. With such conditions
the producer could barrel his honey,
ship quicker and sell cheaper with less
labor and more profit. With a sure

market of this kind output would in-
crease rapidly.

Salesmen, of which there is an

army, would show the package as

they are now showing and loudly

praising a certain cheap sweet, put

up in nice, salable shape, which is

hardly fit to eat — I have tried this

stuff and am quite sure it contains

glucose in more or less quantities, yet

it is adrertised and widely sold as

something '-Retter than Honey."
We are slow; we are attempting to

compete with twentieth century bus-
iness enterrrises of world-wide scope,

with our one-horse wagon and a tin

horn.

Brothers Selser and Muth can sell

honey — Why in the world cannot we

or some corporation employ a thou-
sand such men? And help them along

by wide advertising.

Swarthinore. Pa., March 11. 1004.

August.

by Arthur C. Miller. He says on page
30, second column: "Bee clustered in
L frames start from two to five
combs and they meet and extended
along the whole 17 inches of the top
bar before they are within an inch
of the bottom bar at any point. This
is two inches of lateral gcowtb to one
of vertical for one frame, but the
work is i^rogressing simultaneously in
ten frames and we have an aggregate
lateral growth of 170 inches to eight
inches vertical, a ratio of 21 to 1."

I am of the opinion that Mr. Mil-
ler is a little too fast in his conclu-
sions. By confining bees in a certain
room, they adapt themselves to this
build accordingly. Give
_er room without any in-
ducement by combs, foundation or
starters, so that the whole colony does
not feel like being confined, and we
shall very likely never see the ratic
of 21 to 1. My experience tells mc
that lateral and vertical progress ir
comb-building is very often about tht
same, if not interfered with. It is
natuc-al that the bees build combs sid(
by side for protection, but it is wrons
to consider these different combs oij
an aggregate basis, as one comb ha
nothing to do with the other. We ma;
just as well put the second comb ur
derneath the first one. as on the sidt
and make our conclusions accordinglj
Biit the proper way is to conside
each comb alone for itself, and sti
better, really the proof of the whohj
Observe the comb built in the ope
air not being confined at all. and w
often find the vertical growth one an
one-half to two times as large as tb
lateral.

As far as hives are concerned ff
the benefit of the robber (generall
the human race), there is hardly an
question that the shallow hive hi
great advantages against deep hiv(
for different reasons.

:

COMB-BUILDING IN SHALLOW
AND DEEP FRAMES.

Bv Otto Luhdorff.

Visalia, Calif., May 1. 1004.

III.VA'E a copy of the American
Bee-Keei)eir of February 1004 be-
fore me and have just read an ar-
ticle on "Shallow or Deep Frames."

Mr. E. F. Atwaier, Boise, Idah
with one helper, runs GoO colonic
and of this number about 400 are n
for comb honev. We regret to leai
thai^ Mr. Atwater has recently unde
gone a siege of typhoid fever. whi(
materially interfered with his prep
ration for the season's business.

if :/

160 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. August,

BACTERIA. their poAvcrs of i ft-oduciiig eliemieal

c'liaiiges during tbeir growth that they

By Prof. R. M. Buudy. owe their importance in the world.

. Bacteria are more universally prev-

MANY TIMES during the period alent in uatur» than any othcf forms
that I have been engaged in of plants or the animals. They are
microscopical and bacteriolog- in the air, water and soil. They also
ical work, I have felt that some little cling in vast numbers to almost every
explanation, in a simple way, regard- object on the earth including man and
lug bacteria and the many terms per- the lower animals. They do not, how-
taining to them might be appreciated ever, occur ncL-mally in the healthy
by at least a few interested readers. tissues of man nor animals. Under
The knowledge of germ life that favorable conditions bacteria grow
is possessed by the majority of the and multiply with enormous rapidity,
people is the result of reading the A single bacterium in contact with a
newspapers. To those having made nutritious substance, like beef gelatin
some study of the subject from reput- will produce over fifteen million of its
able works, many of the newspaper kind in twentj'-four hours. When
items appert- rather absurd, and are thus surrounded by an ample food
truly misleading. With the many im- supply of the proper kind they in-'
portant improvements that have been crease or multiply by what is known j
made during the last few years upon as fission or simple dividing. Each
the microscope, the science of bac- individual upon reaching a certain
teriology has advanced very rapidly stage iu its groAVth will divide in tht
and is developing much information middle into two similar halves, eacl
that will add to the betterment of of which immediately starts to gro-\\'
many conditions in our everyday life, and r.-ei)eat the i)rocess. Some species

Bacteria is the name given to a havo been carefully watched undei
class of vegetable cc-ganisms that ex- the microscope during their develop
ist everywhere and in countless num- ment and lia,ve been found to divide
bers. Because of their minute size as often as every half hour and ii
they are called micro-organisms, being some cases in still less time. Notwitt
discernable only by aid of the highest standing the hundreds of differen
powers of the microscope, in most in- species of bacteria there are onl
stances. three general ' fovms— spheres, rod

The more common word "germ", and spirals. Some of the spheres ar
meaning embryo, has come into gen- large and some small, while the rod
et-al use because of certain forms of may'be long or short, thick or slende
bacteria being the origin of disease, with either rounded or flat ends an
Bacteria are simply a class of low the spjrals may be loosely or fightll
plants. They are the active principle coiled. To illustrate we might sa
in many of natui'c's processes and are the three formi"; resemble marble j|
as necessary to our life as the blood pieces of slate pencils and coiled wii
in our veins. They are the cause of springs. In size the spheres vary fro:
jtutref action cc* decay of all animal twelve one millionth to six one hui
and vegetable substances. They en- dred thousandths of an inch in diain
rich the soil by a process of nitrifi- ter, while the rods and spirals vm
cation in a way that cannot be done in diameter from ififteen millionths
by artificial means. They are the cm*- one ten thousandth of an inch and
iiig agents of the farmer's hay in the length from one but little more thi
mow, as well as his fodder in the silo, their diameter to threads as long
In the dairy they are of gretit impor- one hundredth of an inch. BactOT
tance, the sonving of milk being are usually given a generic nam
caused by the action of bacteria, con- based upon thele- appearance ur^'dl
verting the sugar of the milk into the microscope and their method
lactic acid. The ripening of cream dividing during growth. Some of t
and its changes into butter and the more common names are microeocev
ripening of cheese are the direct re- strei)tococcus, staphylococcus and Sf
suits of bacteria growth. It is to ciua. all of which are given to t

Ilt04

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

101

siilierical furms. The rod forms ace
all given the geueric name of Bacillus
and to this is usually added a specific
name based upon soniw physiological
character as bacillus typhus — those
causing typhoid fever. And in much
tlKe same way the spiral forms Iiare
come to be designated as spirallum—
spirallum dentinum being a form
which occur in the so-called fuc- of the
eth.

Many species of bacteria have an-
other method of reproduction besides
iiple division or fission. It is by
means of spores, which are usually
round or oval particles of substance
called bacteria protoplasm. These
spores or protoplastic particles are ca-
palde of resisting conditions of heat,
cold or starvation that would destroy
the ordinary bacteria.

There are among bacteria two dif-
ferent methods of spore formation —
endogenous and arthrogenpus. The
endogenous spores are developed in-
side of the rod and spiral forms of
bacteria itself. They usually break
3Ut of the rods and may remain inert
for a long period of time or until they
?ome in contact with i»roper food ma-
terials and conditions for develop-
oient when they start, to grow and
nultiply in the ordinary way. It is
:o this class of bacteria that the Bac-
llus milli of ''Black Brood" belong.
Irthrogenous spores are formed by
)reaking up of a long rod into short
segments or sections. This form will
lot resist adverse conditions as well
s the endogenous and some author-
ties claim they are not true spores
ut are simply resting cells. What-
ver the method of forming the spores
ts purpose in the life of the bacter-
.im is that of insuring a perpetuation
f the species, through its increased
lowers of resistance. Some species
bacteria possess the power of mo-
[on to and fro in the media in which
ley are growing. This motion is
reduced by hair like api^endages, one
more in number, which protrude
hom the ends or sides of the bacter-
\ta and are called flagella. It is be-
ived that the flagella are develpoed
I'om a protoplastic film surrounding
|e bacterium, their distribution be-
|g different in the different forms of
icteria.

llegartling the internal structurw of
bacteria little is known other than
that they are of very simple make-up.

Of the many hinidred of different
species of bacteria there are but a
comparatively few that are harmful
to mankind. Of this class which are
the cause of disease the largest num-
ber are bacillus and are called path-
ogenic, while the harmless ones are
callei^l non-pathogenic. The pathogen-
ic species are of two classes, those
which are true parasites and those
which are not. By true parasites we
mean those which live upon and con-
sume the tissues of the body in their
growth during which time they pro-
duce poisonous substances that may
prove fatal when of sufficient quan-
tify. Under this class may be cited
the Bacillus tuberculosis as a repre-
sentative. The class of pathogenic
bacteria which are not true parasites
include those capable of living free
in nature and though they develop
the poisonous products during their
growth in organic substances, it does
no harm unless taken into the hu-
man system with the food. The poi-
sons produced thus free in nature, ul-
timately become oxidized into harm-
less substances by their further de-
composition. It will be seen there-
fore that only during the period be-
tween the forming of the iwisons and
their oxidation are they harmful. In
contracting disease by inoculation
with these pathogenic bacteria or
germs much depends upon the phys-
iological condition of the body at the
time. If in a thoroughly vigorous
state of health the tissues will be
built up and the poisons eliminated
before the bacteria can multiply in
sufficient numbers to break down or
weaken these natural forces. As be-
fore noted there are but few harmful
varieties compared to the whole and
it is safe to say, that of every hun-
dred different species of bacteria as
they exist, at least ninety-ifive are in
some way beneficial to us. In pre-
venting the growth of bacteria there
is usually employed one of two forms
of substances existing under three
names — antiseptics, disinfectants and
germicides. Antiseptics are those
substances which only retard the
growth of bacteria, while disinfect-

162

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

ants are substances which actually
destroy the cause of int'ectiou and are
equivalent to germicides, which kill
the germs. Disinfectants are usually
antiseptics if used in a proper way,
but the latter are not in many cases
disinfectants. There is another class
of chemical substances, usually .«;tfong
oxidizing agents, which will convert
the strongly smelling products of bac-
terial decomposition into inodorous
ones. Thtese are called deodorizers
and may, or may not be disinfectants.
It is useless to attempt to disinfect
fhe air except in tightly closed rooms
and even then to be effective it re-
quires a quantity or strength of dis-
infectants in which it w'ould be im-
possible for a person to live. Most
of the so-called disinfectants in the
market, when diffused through the
air of an ordinary I'oom have no ac-
tion upon putrefactive bacteria.

Cleveland, Ohio, May 30, 1904.

NATIONAL BEE. KEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION.

Los Angeles. Cal., June 18, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper,

Dear Sir: — The Annual Session of
the National Bee-Keepers' Association
for 1904 will be held in September at
St. Louis, Mo.

September 27 and 28 will be devoted
to association work and its interests.

Septembeu- 29th. National Day. We
expect many prominent foreign bee-
keepers to be present on this day.

September 30th. Inspectors' Day.
Twenty bee inspectors from all over
the United States and Canada are
counted on to introduce and discuss,
"The Diseases of Bees, etc."

Mr. N. E. France will exhibit, in the
Convention Hall, a large map of the
United States, Canada, Cuba and Eu-
rope. Each state and country will
have a shelf attached to the map with
a one pound sample of each kind of
honey produced. Many othen* exhib-
its of special interests will be shown.

We expect to see the largest gath-
ering of bee-keepers ever iield in this
country. A more detailed program
will appear later.

Respectfully,

Geo. W. Brodbeck,
Secretary.

Lawson, Mo., July 8 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper :

Your excellent journal is sent to me
as a present, by Mr. Willicutt, of
Massachusetts, who subscribed three
years in advance for me; and words
fail to express how much I appreciate
the American Bee-Keeper.

In reply to the puzzle on page 143,
I should say there was something
transfeoTed to the bees while away
that caused them to have a scent dif'
ferent from those in the hive.

Last year was my first to sell hon-
ey. One day I was going to Kansas
City and I took a case with me to sell
there. I called on a grocer at the cor-
ner of Tenth and Michigan. He want-
ed to see the honey, and when he
looked at the sample he said: "Well,
here are some marks on the section
which show that it was put up by the
bees; and besides, the combs are ir-
regular— that shows that it is gen-
uine."

I told him all comb honey was put
up by the bees, with an air of one
having a great knowledge upon the
subject, for I had read in the Modem
Farmer that comb honey could not be
made. Said I, "You might get some-
thing in a can or jar that was nol
honey, but not in the comb."

"Oh." he said, "they make combf
and put melted sugar in them, anc
sell it for honey."

"Well," said I. "I have nerer seer
any." However, he bought my honey

I intended writing to Mr. Abbott ir
regard to what the grocer said, buj
was so busy for a long time that I for
got the matter, until I read last even
ing in the Bee-Keeper, page 150
where you say it cannot be made,
will investigate this the little I an
able, and when I learn will let yoi
know. I have become much inter
ested and want to find out. I knoy
impure honey is sometimes put up li
glass jars, for we have bought it

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPE,R.

163

Wishing yourself and your jourual
success, I am, Youji's truly,

Miss tSaleua Mullin.

Tlie prevalent idea that comb honey
is manufactured had its origin in an
article published in 1S88 in the Popu-
lar Science Monthly, from the pen of
United States Chemist Wiley. Prof.
Wiley made the statement as a joke,
thinking, perhaps, that his readers
wovild know better; but the wicked
canard has girded the earth. It has
sped like a demon of hei. to the ut-
most ends of the earth, poisoning the
minds of humanity against one of the
most delicious, dainty and wholesome
articles of food with which the woa-ld
has been blessed. Its baneful influ-
ence has continued for twenty years
to sweep the earth, north, south, eest
and west, until today it is difficidt to
find anyone outside of the readers of
of the bee journals who do not hon-
estly believe that the beautiful, snow-
white comb honey now seen in the
markets is a human product. It has
seemed to be a case of "truth crushed
toi earth'' without rising, and that the
"eternal years of God" have given
place to this vile fabrication bj' which
modea.'n apiculture has been smitten
to earth as often as it sought to rise.
Let every apiarist put forth his
strength to exti'icate our struggling
industi'y from the clutches of this
merciless, menacing demon, the hoary-
headed W^iley lie. — Ed.

third time. I gave them two supers full
of sections filled with foundation. I
,soon saw there were too many bees for
their supers so I kept putting on su-
pers every day or two till I got five
on that one hive, or 140 one-pound
sections.

Today I expect to take oft" one su-
per of honey, which is already sealed.
Besides, I have changed supers with
comb for empty ones. What do you
think of that?

I remain, yours very respectfully,
D. H. Zencker.

Knoxville, Tenn., Juiy 7, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

In regard to the puzzle page 143 of
A. B. K. there may have been some
odor in the room where the supers
had been that the bees contracted.

Mr. W. H. F. made a mistake in
putting the supers in a dark place.
The bees did not know where to go to.
When a bee-escape is placed under
the supers, they know that the brood
nest is under and go there. But
when the supers are away from the
hive they go to the light and out.
Adrian Getaz.

Upperco, Md., June 13, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I am a beginner in the bee business

and have ten fairly good colonies, all

in first-class hives. I am putting my

Whole study ©n the subject of bees.

My aim is to keep down swarming,

land increase by nuclei. I had a

Iqueer thing happen to me the last

Iweek in ;May. That is the commence-

lent of our honey harvest here. I

lad one colony which had been out

le second time. @n the 28th of May

^t came out for the third time. In a

few minutes after its arrival there

rere two more that came out. I had

le queens all clipped so I soon caged

them. I was watching them and to

iy surprise here all three were going

In this hive which had been out the

Belmont, Ont, July 7, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

We r.re having rather hard times in
Ontario this year, probably 70 per
cent of the bees killed by winter and
spring, the balance in poor shape,
then short crops of clover honey.
Those who have access to basswood
may get a good thing from that if
weather is favorable.

Yours truly, ,
Morlev Pettit.

Greenville. Miss.. July 11,. 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper ]

Owing to a wet and cold spring
the bees made but little progress un-
til the 1st of .Tune and little swarming
until ,Tuly 1st. Now they are gath-
ering honey rapidly. Have only ex-
tracted 4.000 pounds from 220 col-
onies spring count. The low prices of
honey are so discouraging, I would be
glad to be out of the busine.is. Have
14 one-half baiTels in St. Louis for
almost a year and no demand fcr it.

Now in regard to friend Arthur C.
Miller: There is no apology neces-

164

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

sary. He must allow for au old bee-
keeper of TO beiug over-sensitive as
to his knowledge of apiculture. He,
no doultt, has a more gentle strain of
Cyprians. 1 have one colony of a dif-
ferent sti-ain from the imported ones;
though quite nervous can be handled
without much trouble, as instanced a
few days ago when I removed ten
surplus combs of honey without a
sting, when the others punished me
an hour afterward severely.

1 have two diflferent strains of Car-
niolans, one very gentle, the other
quite vicious; so we must work by
selection for the most gentle. It has
been a g»"eat jdeasure to read the ar-
ticles of Mr. Miller and he can be a.s-
sured of my best wishes.
Yours truly,

O. M. Blanton.

pects have been, and are splendid, but
it rains about half of the time. I had,
spring count, 58 colonies, all in best
hives, etc., and have thus far in-
creased to 120, and will increase more
if possible.

Fraternally yours,

Leo F. Hanegan.

New York, N. Y.. July 10, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper :

Puzzle on page 143: Offensive smell
imparted l)y the brush which came in
contact with the bees. ,

Yours truly,

Thos. Mocce.

Williamsfield, 111.. July 14, 1004.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

Spring has been very backward so
that bees were slow in building up
but honey flow was good. Basswood
very good, white clover very good,
but lasted only a few weeks and is
practically all gone at this date. Sweet
clover is doing well but is too scarce
to give much surplus.

At present I have increased from
34 to 66 but bought two swarms. We
Avill not get more than one-third aj<
much honey iter colony as last year,
judging from present indications

Summer has been very dry so corn
is pretty clean from smartweed. The
last few days we have had very
heavy thunder storms and heavy rain
fall, which may help fall flow some.
Some colonies have completed two su-
pers, best colony has nearly completed
fourth super. Poorest colony just be-
ginning in super. Four colonies lost
their queens in April and refused to
rear (pieen from brood and were final-
ly given ripe queen cell and reared
queens but are far behind the rest.
I guess it would have paid me to have
doubled them up.

Yours truly.

J. E. Johnson.

Many of our correspondents and
foreign exchange.s are inclined to con-
fuse the names of the Amei'ican Bee-
Keeper and the American Bee Journal.
The two are entirely septirate publica-
tions, having no connection whatever,
and are issued from offices more than a.
thousand miles apart. We quite fre-
quently receive letters addressed to the
American Bee Journal, while foreign
exchanges not infrequently make use
of matter ai)pearing in our columns
and credit our weekly contemporary
therewith.

Nomenclature.^I wonder shall we
ever get done with the use of '"bar
frame" and "hybrid" in bee papers.
One might as well talk of a vegeta-
ble cabbage as of a "bar frame", and
as for "hybrid," why should the prod-
uct of an Iri.sh drone and an Ital-
ian queen be a hybrid any more than
the child of a French father and a
German mother? (We give it up. Ask
us another. Huxley says that hybrid
is " the product of different species,
with sterility preventing perpetuation
for over one or two generations."
"Hybrid," as denoting a cross, is
more common than accurate. How
would "mongrel" suit you? — Ed.)—
Irish Bee Journal.

Glenwood. Wis..
Dear Friend Hill:
Bees in this locality

all that might be wished for. Pros

American "Courtesy." — ^C. P. Da-
dant, it appeal's, has issued an invi-
tation for a delegation of British bee-
keepers to a convention at St. Louis.
He has not thought it necessnry to in-

July 1.", 1004. vite Irish bee-keepers. :Mr. Padant is
Vice-President of the National B. K.

are not doing A. of the Fnited States. He ou£:ht to
know better.— Irish Bee Journal.

44MM»»4»MMM4»»MM»M»^4*»M»»M4»M4M» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

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BELGIUM.

Mr. Richards, of Ain.sterdam, under-
took to keep one colony of bees in tlie
cit.T. There was no other available
place but the very low attic of his
house. He was compelled to place
the entrance at the top. A little later
he moved to the suburbs, took there
his colony of bees. The entrance re-
mained where it was — that is between
the brood nest and the supers. An-
other colony was bought, with the en-
trance below as usual. The first
colony, with the entrance above, gave
every year during three years a large
amount of surplus, once as much as
five supers (about the size of the sup-
ers used by the Dadants) and never of-
fered to swarm. The other, during
these three years, gave about one super
every year and sAvarmed in spite of
all efforts to prevent it. After that
Mr. Richards changed also the en-
trance of the second hive, and from
thar time, he obtained from it the same
result, as he did from the first; that
is no swarms and from each abbut 200
lbs of extracted honej every year.
The only inconvenience is that the
bees are unable to keep the bottom of
the hive clean and it must be cleaned
occasionally. A second entrance at
the bottom might be put in, and open-
ed occasionally. For the winter it
might be better to close the top one
and leave the lower one open to avoid
loss of heat. — Revue Internationale.

In a local daily paper of Belgium,
an advertisement of superior "table
honey" was inserted. After a few
days a bee-keeper of the neighborhood
put in the same paper an ad. stathig
that the aforesaid "talile honey" was
nothing Init sugar syrup, colored with
something or other and fiavored with a
little .strong dark honey. The effect
was immediate. The ad. about table
)ney dissapeared from the paper and
the stuff itself from the grocery where
6t had been kept. — I>e Rucher Beige.

Last year{l903) The Society of Ag-
riculture of the Province of Brande-
burg in Belgium, distributed a large
amount of phacelia seed to its mem-
bers with a request to report. All ex-
cept two reported it to be an exception-
ally superior honey plant, having the
additional advantage to produce nec-
tar nearly as well during dry weather
as during faAorable weather. As for-
age, either green or dry, it is decided-
ly inferior and not likely to ever come
into use for that purpose. All agree
that the plant will grow in any kind of
soil. The experiments made at the Ag-
ricol Institute of Berlin show that the
phacelia does not fix the nitrogen of
the air like the clovers and similar
plants and therefore is not very valu-
able for green manuring purposes. —
Le Rucher Beige.

The honey from the heath is some-
times so thick that it is almost impos-
sible to extract it. Mr. Manfroid ad-
vises to use a kind of comb or brush
with wire teeth to perforate the combs
throughout so as to have the bottoms
of the cells perforated. The pressure
of the air on the inside of the combs
helps to "push" the honey out and en-
ables the apiarist to. extract the thick-
est honey he may have. — Le Rucher
Beige.

One winter Mr. Sior had a colony
A^hose bees were nearly every day out,
so to speak, and very often when the
weather was quite unfavorable. Of
course, the loss of bees was consider-
able and Mr. Sior ,saw that if the thing
kept on that way, only a few bees
would be left at the end of the winter.
To cool them down, he uncovered the
hive and poked in several handfulls of
snow and closed it again. That
stopped their going out so completely
that Mr. Sior did not know but that the
colony might have been nearly frozen.
As a matter of fact, it turned out that
the snow had melted and furnished the
bees the water they needed, and there-

166

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

fore stopped their going out. Com- in. Slie was accepted.— Le Rucher

menting un the incident, :Mi-. Debieune Beige.

insists again on the necessity of

furnishing the bees enough Avater and An apiarist had a colony- which for
flour to take care of all the brood they four years Avas the best of his apiai-y
may attempt to raise early iu the by a long way and had nerer swai'med.
spring. He claims that, contrary to While not exactly gentle by any means,,
the opinion gen0rally adn\iitted, the it could be handled- The fifth year,
bees will sometime take flour even af- he decided to requeen, and was sur-
fer the pollen has appeared in the field, prised to find that the queen which had
He uses the best wheat flour and puts been so good, was very small, quite
it in a comb in a sheltered place. The black, with short legs, but exceedingly
comb is placed horizontally and fur- quick. This shows that with queen
nishes a foothold for the bees, so they bees as with many other things, ap-
do not run the risk of being "drowned" pearances can not always be depend-
in the flour. — Le Rucher Beige. ed on.— Le Rucher Beige.

It is often diflicult to know exactly
when to put on the supers. Too soon
means a loss of heat and thei'efore a
setback to the work of the colony, and
too late means a loss of surpuls. Mr.
Debienne puts the first super on a few
days before the main honey flow
comes. At the same time, he uncaps
whatever old honey is in the brood
nest. The bees are then forced to car-
ry it in the super to repair the combs.
That starts them at once to work in
the super, rather than crowd the brood
nest. Needless to say that ^Ir. Debi-
enne works for extracted honey. — Le
Rucher Beige.

Mr. Giot is emphatically in favor of
placing the extmctiug combs vei-j' far
apart so the bees will build them very
thick. There is a saving of wax and
time for the bees to cap a less number
of combs. A saving of time for the
apiarist in handling, uncapping and ex-
tracting a smaller number of combs
for the same amount of honey. And
finally the queen will never lay in such
deep combs and the bees never deposit
pollen in them. — Le Rucher Beige.

The process of wetting a swarm on
the wing t;> make it settle is well
known. But sometimes a swarm set-
tles and before the apiarist can hive it,
takes "french leave" and departs for
the woods. To prevent any possibili-
t.A' of such thing occuring, ^Ir. Wathelet
gives the settled cluster a good wet-
ting. That keeps it quiet fee- a while.
— Le Rucher Beige.

Mr. Decortis had a colony which re-
fused to accept a queen. He finally
smoked it Avith tobacco until the bees
Avere asphyxiated (not quite dead of
course), and then merely put the queen

Another apiarist sold a swarm to a
neighbor. An unusual actiA^ty was
soon noticed both by the swarm and
the old colony. Investigation, Avith
the help of some flour., soon revealed
the fact that the swarm was robbing
the old colony. As the old colony did
not try at all to repulse the robbers,
nothing could be done. These i^ro-
ceedings lasted eight days. Needless
to say that the neighbor paid the
owner of the old colony for the honey
robbed, as near as they couM guess at
the amount. — Le Rucher Beige.

The load of nectar that a bee bring!*
home is estimated at one twentieth of
a gram (the American pound contains
4.o2 grams). 2,000 loads or trips are
therefore required to bring iu lOO
grams of nectar. But 100 grams of
nectar contain only 40 grams ®f honey.
If a colony gathers 10 lbs of honey a
day or rather the nectar necessary to
produce it, 250,000 trips will have to be
made. And if the colony contains 10,-
000 field bpcs, each bee will have to
make 25 trips every day- Add to that
the honey consumed, the pollen and
water brought in for the brood, and
we may estimate that during a heaA'y
flow, every field bee makes 30 or 40
trips every day. — Le Rucher Beige.

CHINA.

In the valley of Anning a tree
known to the scientists as Ligustrum
lucidum is found in abundance. In
the spring the bark of the trunk and
the limbs, becomes covered with ex-
ci'escences about the size of a pea.
Cutting these "peas" in two, shows in
the interior something like flour, but
which is really the eggs of the insect
knoAA'u as the white wax worm.
These "peas" are gathered and brought

I90i

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

1G7

to the city of Chiating. Around
Chiating are immense orchards or
woods planted with a kind of ash tree
(Fraxinus sinensis). The "peas" are
put in very small sacks and the sacks
hung to the trees. The sacks are
made with small holes so as to per-
mit the insects to come out when they
hatch. The females lay their eggs in
the cracks of the bark. The males are
provided with glands similar to those
rhat produce the wax from the worker
bees. They plaster up or rather var-
nish over the bark of the tree when the
eggs have been laid with that varnish.
This varnish is really a kind of wax
quite white- To harvest it the bark
covered with the wax, is raked ofC the
trees and put in boiling water. The
melted wax comes to the top.

SPAIN.

The editor of the Apicultcr tells us
that Langstroth Revised is now trans-
lated in Spanish and the translation
v.'ill be ready next September or there-
about.

SWITZERLAND.

Mr. Kramer in order to study the
working of the bees put a comb of
sealed brood from an Italian colony in
a colony of black bees. At detailed
report of his observations is given,
but is too long to insert here. It ap-
pears that the bees are about three
days old when they begin to feed the
queen and the brood. They make
their first flight when about five days
old, but do not bring in any nectar or
pollen until several days older. In
concluding his communication, he in-
sists that the condition as to flow of
nectar, abundance of stores, amount of
brood, etc., have a considerable influ-
ence on the working of the bees. If
necessary quite old bees can take care
of the brood and quite young bees will
go to the field rather than starve. — Le
Rucher Beige.

An apiculturist of Switzeiiand put a
comb of eggs and young brood into
a queenless colony, twenty queen-cells
were built. Of the 14 cells, two failed.
Among the .12 queens obtained,nine
were large, and three small, or rather
smaller than the other, six were almost
black, four moi*e yellow and two well
marked. These two last were among
the largest. Right here, is an impor-

tant lesson. In our text books and
bee-papers the advice is often given,
in order to prevent second swarms, to
destroy all the queen cells but one.
But as we see by the above, the one
cell left m ly fail, or give an inferior
queen. Why not cage the last cells
and select the queen after the hatch-
ing?— Le Rucher Beige.

It seems to be the aim of the bee-
keeping fraternity in Switzerland to
not only keep the native brown bee in
its purity but to improve the race by
selection. I think I have reported be-
fore that stations have been establish-
ed for the purpose of mating queen
bees. Here selected colonies are kept
to furnish highbred drones, and keep-
ers may send nuclei colonies with
virgin queens to their stations and
Avhen queens are mated have them re-
turned. This would be pretty expen-
sive business here in America on ac-
count of exorbitant express rates and
long distances. In Switzerland neither
cut a large figure, and bee-keepers
avail themselves of the opportunity. In
selecting breeding stock the motto is:
"Only the best is good enough." For
several successive years a bi'eeding
colony must hare distinguished itself
by constancy, character, energy, and
longevity. Hei*e is an idea, I had not
thought of, but one of the tests of long-
evity is, a colony with but seven (7)
broodframes must be able to populate
a large hive.

GERMANY.

Broermann writes in Bwsch. Zen-
tralblatt of how he prevented swarm-
ing during the buckwheat season. He
had discovered that a large portion of
his prime-swarms as well as the moth-
er colonies again made preparations
for swarming. After turning his
hives bottom side up and leaving them
thus for eight days swarming was
given up by his bees.

(The same thing has been tried here
when reversible frames and hives had
their time, but if I remember right did
not prove altogether a success).

According to the Phalz Bztg. Distler
has succeeded in producing a none-
swarming strain of bees. Two years
ago he received from his 30 colonies
only two swarms which were lead by
virgin queens: last year his bees cast
no swarms at all.

168

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August

'NeAV and better hives are being in-
vented all the time. Hartmaunhas
invented the "ne plus ultra," by means
of vrhich the yield may be quardi-u-
pled. I will not tax the reader by a
description, for the Hartmann hive is
not universally accepted as anything
better than we had before.

ARABIA.

one everywhere a pest, the other the
most effective sweetener on earth and
no mean money raiser. It is as the
former interferes with the legitimate
business enterprise of the latter that
the bee farmer desires to enter his
vigorous protests.

Louisiana and Texas are not so sore-
ly troubled with ant depredations as
is Florida, where the large red robber
is a terror, l)nt tlie sum total of tlae
damage done is not inconsiderable.
The amount of honey pilfered is far

The Arabs are quite fond of honey.
They consume it in its raw state, as an
ingredient in cake and in drink. It
does not require very much space for a fi'om the most serious factor. The ex-
large apiary as the hives are corded up citement in the hives consequent upon
in two rows closely together on the the visits of these thieves and the loss
ground. They represent the shape of of time and energy used in largely un-
pieces of logs, about eight inches in availing chasings count heavilv upon
diameter and from three to four feet in the labors of the colony,
length. A covering of grass gives

them protection from the sun and wind
Different materials are used to con-
struct these hives. Some are made
of the cork oak, some are made of wil-
low whisps braided together like bas-

The writer uses with best effect
stands having feet of half-inch iron,
eight or ten inches in length, set into
tin cans, or, better, heavy boarding
house cups. These cups should fre-

ket work: some are made of clay Each ^l^^ntly be iilled with Avater, floating
end of the hives Is closed with a round ^ *"*'^^' ^^'^^^^ '^^ ^^^- ^^ twelve or six-
piece of bark. When honey is wanted t^*^" ^^^^ stand requires six or seven
the hive is opened from the back end ^^ these feet.

and the honey is cut out. To make the stand take two 2x4-s

At weddings and religious feasts of the required length and securely

honey is seldom lacking. A common „ail 1x4 pieces 20 inches long into Ihe

practice is to take butter and honev

and knead it till it becomes a sort of
homogeneous mass. A dish of it is
placed on the middle of the table and
all sop their bread in it. A drink is
made of honey, water and lemon juice :
but whether this is allowed to fer-
ment or not the Leipz. Bienenztg. does
not say. The Arabs do not protect
themselves Avith bee hats and thev

ends and similar pieces six or eight
feet apart on Avhat Avill he the loAA'er
side of the stand. Near the ends bore
four half-inch holes to AA'ithin a half
inch through and also one in the mid-
dle of each long piece or one in the
middle of the back and two at thirds
in the front. Into these drive eight
or ten-inch l»olts or haA'e a smith cut

AA'ear no pantaloons, but they smudge '-^ half-inch bar into these lengths and
their bees to subdue them.

AUSTRIA.

To make butter more palatable and
at the same time increase the keep-
ing qualities Jung-Places advocates in
Deutsche Imker to add a little honey
to the butter when making it; about
one ounce of honey to a i)onnd of but- plans to try crude oil on a small scale
ter. This is not entirely new, but He Avill raise a ridge several inches
good and bears repeating. Ino-h for good drainage. This and an

adjacent strip for some feet he will

thoroughly saturate, destroying all
ants within that belt and largely or

driA'e them. Invert the stand and set
into cups as directed. Each cup should
stand on a brick. The hiA-es may
stand Avithin a few inches of each oth-
er on this stand, preferably alternate-
ly facing in opposite directions.

The great I.ouisiana-Texas oil fields
may help us to fight ants. The AA'riter

ANTS AND BEES.

Our mild Southland is favorable to entirely keej)ing others from approach-
the rapid increase of these tAvo most ing.— Rice Journal and Gulf Coast
interesting insect industrialists , the Farmer.

1004

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

169

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THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

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Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department may be addressed
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Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
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will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates that
ycm owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your earliest attention.

The theory that the secretion of an
excess of chyle is responsible for the
disease, bee-paralysis, as set forth by a
contributor to Gleaning's some months
ago, is receiving all kinds of swats and
knockout blows from the shoulder
through the Australian press.

Swarrhmore queen rearing appli-
ances received first prize at the British
Royal Show in London, June 2.5 to 30.

Bees exhil)ited by Messrs. -Faaies Lee
& Son, which also secured first prize,
were from Swarthmore stock. An-
other feather in the cap of American
beedom.

The Ladies' Home Journal, which
took occasion to brush up and again
roll the old Wiley "chestnut" about
nianufacturing comb honey, in its June
issue, has been gaining a little reputa-
tion for careless statements otherwise.
In its May issue it purported to en-
lighten its readers in regard to the in-
jurious ingredients of certain patent
medicines on the market. Dr. R. V.
Pierce promptly instituted suit against
the publishers, with a result that the
offending Journal takes it all back and
apologizes most humbly. Bee-Keepers
v.-ould be grateful for so wholesome an
apology for the injustice it has done to
them.

"Hitter" a regular conMbutor of
first class material to the coluaiss of
the Australasian Bee-Keeper, protests
against the classing of the dark varie-
ties of honey as a low-grade product
simply because of its darker color; and
calls attention to the fact that honey
is not necessarily less palatable nor
less wholesome because it is not wliite.
He thinks the public should be educat-
ed to an appreciation of the fact that
color is not an index of quality. There
is much sound sense in the suggestion.
Jellies and jams made fi'om the darker
varieties of plums or grapes are not re-
garded as inferior to those made from
the lighter-colored fruits, nor sold at a
lower pi'ice.

Our thanks are due Secretary James
A. Stone for a copy of the Third An-
nual Report of the Illinois State Bee-
Keepers' Association. The report
comprises 163 pages of solid matter,
presenting the constitution, by-laws,
meml)ership li.st and a copy of the law
which gives the association an appro-
priation for .$2,000 from the State.

At the convention of the Illinois
State Bee-Keepers at Chicago last De-
cember, Fred W. Muth, president of
the Fred W. Muth, Company, of Cin-
cinnati, who, by the way, knows a few
things about honey himself, asserts the
belief that Frank Rauchfuss, manager
of tile Colorado Hone.v Producers' As-
sociation, is the best-posted honey-man
in the world. This is rather an envia-

170

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August.

ble distinctiou, and it is interesting to
luiow who is really "it." By the way,
Mr. Raucbfuss is the American Be'e-
Keeper'g Colorado agent, while Mr.
Muth represents us in Ohio and adja-
cent territory. The Bee-Keeper Is
proud of these representatives.

OBSERVATION HIVES.

As a result of some correspondence
v.-ith our readers in regard to observa-
tion hives we reproduce in this num-
ber a photograph of one which occupi-
ed a place at the dining room window
of the writer's home for several years.
The hive was constructed to take
Quinby frames, of which it accomodar-
ed eight to the story. It is rather a mar-
ter of regret at this time that the hive
should not have been photographed in
its usual position at the window; but
ill order to include as much as we
thought necessaiy at the time upon
the photographic plate, the hive was
moved back from the camera. It does
not, therefore, give an idea as to the
arrangement Avhicli permitted the bees
to enter and escape, which was as fol-
lows:

Placed with the floor-board on a
level with the window sill, and snugly
against it, the space between the win-
dow and the entrance was covered
with a thin piece of board to which had
been attached at each end a half inch
strip. Thus, Avhen the lower sash had
been lifted and blocked up even with
the surface of the thin board, it will
be understood that a passage-way Avas
provided from the hive to the open air.
Openings .-'t sides of entrance, below
sash were then closed with strips of
wood.

The liive body was constructed by
simply substituting for the side-boards
two fraiu'.'s made of picture frame
moulding?!, the rabbets of which had
been reduced by ripping to the thick-
ness of a double strength gla,ss. These
were screwed to regular hive-ends, and
the whole secured to an ordinary bot-
tom, or floor board, around which was
mitered another strip of gilt moulding
to give a finished appeai-ance to the
job. The ends and flat lid were then
finished and grained in imitation of
oak.

\A'hen a second story became neces-
cary, frames fitted also with glass were
used for ends as well as the sides there-
of. Later a large hole was cut
through the flat lid and over it was

placed an inverted glass globe, which
had formerly been used for exhibitiag
confectionery or something of that
kind; and it served to impart the effect
of a crystal dome which, when tilled
with white comb honey was really the
most beautiful part of the contrivance,
which altogether was quite elaboratfe
and attractive. We regret now that a
photopraph of the hive was not taken
at this latter stage.

If nothing more, the possession of
this hive, containing a strong colony
of bees for several years, proved the
fallacy of the popular belief that bees
are reluctant to store honey where it is
light, for, when crowded for room, and
in the glass dome, cells, half of which
the exposed glass really formed, were
readily used for storing honey as were
any others. j

For several years this colony was ^
one of the best in the apiary, and it
wintered perfectly in a room which
was kept, by means of natural gas
fuel, at the most comfortable tempera-
ture for the family.

our readers whi> have
uarket, the "rabbit" is

CUBAN COMPETITION.
Someone asked W. L. Coggshall whv
he located so many bees in Cuba.
Foreseeing the condition Avliich is now
upon us, and destined to become worse.
yU: Coggshall replied: "I Avanted to
be on the other side of the fence when
the rabbit got out." According lo in-
formation from
large crops to m'arl
out now. One correspondent recently
wrote that he produced this season
something over 200 32-gallon barrels ot
extracted honey. But. like Dr. Blan-
ton. he finds the market has gone to
smash; and a trip to New York, a dis-
tance of ovei' 1,000 miles, elicited no
other satisfaction than hearing long
iind strong Cuban honey talk on all
sides. Tlie largest buyer in the City
was, in fact, then in Cuba investigating
the honey situation. It becomes dally
more evident that The Bee-Keeper was
a prophet when it warned producers
of the seriousness of the West Indian
problem. Mr. Morrison's idea, and
that of so)ue of our contemporaries
that the American ])ro(bTcer h,is noth-
ing to fear from this source, is even
at this early date becoming buried be-
neath a burden of actual conditions
tliat are drepressing in the extreme.
With Cuba blocking the seaboard mar-
k(>ts and Mexico coming in on both

- - . ' ;--^«

172

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

sides, it is time the American producer er, and that is the adoption of modern
did a little thinking, even though he business methods and a thorough cam-
may "fear" nothing. paign of education among the masses.

'-KARO KORN" VS. THE REAL
THING.

Ml". Morley Pettit, one of Canada's
I'ising apiarists, recently wrote: "I
wrote the S. S. Times Co. mildly pro-
testing against advertising Karo Corn
syrup as better than honey. I en-
close ^Ir. Howard's reply., You can
take the matter up as you see lit."

Following is the reply of the pub-
lisher of the Sunday School Times to
Mr. Pettit's "protest:"
Dear Sir:

"Your letter of June 27 has been re-
ceived. I am not sure that there
would be entire agreement among ex-
perts as to your suggestion that honey
is Nature's purest and most whole-
some .sweet.

"Reference to Gleamings in Bee
Culture of ^lay 15, June 15 and Aug.
1. 190.3 and to the American Bee-Keep-
ev of March. June, July and November
1903 furnish enough facts about honey
to lead one to ask if after all Karo
Corn Syrup is not a safer article of
food.

"It is our purpose to have only re-
liable advertisements in The Sunday
School Times but I do not see any rea-
son for insisting that the advertiser
should change the Avord 'better' in
the adA'ertisement to which you refer.
"Cordially yours,

"Philip B. Howard."

Though 'Sir. Pettit's ambition is
eminently commendable, it is, obvious-
ly, useless to ask publishers to turn
down profitable advertising contracts
upon the mere assertion of a competing
industry that the wares of its com-
petitor are inferior. Notwithstanding
the fact that bee-keepers are sincere in
tlie belief that "honey is Natui-e's pur-
est and most wholesome sweet." as
suggested by ^Ir. Howard, it is not
improbable that experts might materi-
jilly disgrace in regard to some minor
points which a thoi-ough, scientific in-
vestigation w(nild involve. It seems
that everyone should know by this
time, however, that glucose is not .a
wholesome food, owing to the acid con-
tained and -svliich. it api)ears, it is im-
possible to eliminate during the pro-
cess of manufacture. As seen from
our view-point, but one means of i-e-
lief presents itself to the honey produc-

ANOTHER BEE— KEEPERS'
SOCIETY.

We have received a copy of the
constitution and by-laws of theSouth-
western ()hio and Hamilton County
Bee-Keeper's Association, an organi-
zation incorporated under the laws of
the State of Ohio, June 14, 1904, also a
report of its regular meeting, which
was held .June 17, from Mr. Henry Red-
dert, the secretary.

The ob.lect of the new organization,
as set forth in its constitution, is:
"The promotion of apiculture in all its
branches."

Hamilton county, we have under-
stood, already has a most prosperous
and promising association, with a no
less worthy object, and we are some-
what puzzled to know why two bee-
keepers societies should spring up i-u
the same county within less than two
years. The information as to the
more recent • organization, however,
comes to hand too late to investigate
for this number of The Bee-Kee]ier.

As the membership was not limited
in the original association, it cannot be
that a new society was necessary in
order to meet au overwhelming num-
ber of applications for admission; and
the problem becomes more and more
complex.

Without inside information, as to
the actuating motives, we strongly in-
cline to a belief that a serious error
has been committed somewhere, as the
need of a second association in the
territory already covered is not ap-
parent. One stt'ong association la
worth a dozen tottering concerns, none
of which can hope for a membership
list sufficiently strong to command
either recognition or respect.

"PAT" STILL IN CUBA.
The surprise of the season comes on
two postal cards from Cuba, dated July
10, and signed, "Pat." By way of in-
troduction our long-lost friend sa.vs:
"La casa ^^'8 que tiene pocos las ebejas
y ano 1903 estaba mal, y el punto tam-
bien not extra fine." Continuing his
mixture of Spanish, Russian and Eng-
lish Pat advises, on postal card No. 2
that he has taken in all since he ar-
rived in Cuba about 90 fifty-gallon bar-
rens of extracted honey; 2,500 pounds

I90i

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

173

of comb honey and 700 pounds of wax.

Pat says, "Tengo ahora mucho
trabajo" (I have now much work), in
preparing 744 colonies for another
move — 35 kilometers by stone road, 12
by train and one and a half kilometers
bj'' dirt road, and concludes: "I moved
bees here two times already, and now
getting ready for another move."

If ambition and hard work will win
out, Pat's success is assured. Seven
hundred and forty-four colonies is an
encoin-aging start.

REGARDING THE DEACON.
In a letter from Mr. H. J. Gardiner,
dated at Christchurch, New Zealand,
Feb. 22, and returned to the writer on
account of insufficient address and re-
mailed in New Zealand to the editor of
The Bee-Keeper June 9, Mr. Gardiner
says:

'Give my love to the Deacon) I
like this series of letters very much
and they are always welcome."

By this time Mr. Gardiner knows
something of the difficulties under
which we are laboring to secure a con-
tinuation of the Hardscrabble letters
for our readers.

We have, we are pleased to say,
been able to get several incoherent mis-
sives, as well as some unsatisfactory
photographs; but our medium advises
us that he is now working on new lines
and that within a few days he expects
to have a very complete message from
the Deacon. We therefore believe we
ihall be able to present next month the
new illustrated series of Hardscrabble
letters.

Though rather too indistinct for re-

roduction ir. halftone, some of the

hotographs secured are quite intet

ting, and we shall have cuts made

'pr next issue of some of these in the

3vent of our inability to get something

tronger. Meantime, our readers will

lease not become neiwous over the

atter, nor take things too seriously.

THE EDITORIAL SHEARS.
In The Bee-Keeper for July was
|)ublished an article of exceptional
lerit from the Florida Farmer and
lit Grower, entitled, "Let the Hon-
iy Get Ripe." It is so rarely that one
pnds such reliable matter pei'taining
apiculture in the agricultural press
lat we sought to encourage the evi-
dent talent by repn'oducing with favor-
)le comment the entire 'editorial." Our

attention has since been called to the
fact that the Florida Farmer and Fi-uit
Grower had absolutely nothing to do
with originating this matter, which it
published as original stuff. It Is a
verbatim reproductiou of an editorial
which appeared several months ago in
the American Bee Journal, of Chicago.
Whether the Florida Farmer and Fi-uit
Grower stole the article from the Bee
Journal, or not, we do not know; but it
must have been aware of the fact that
it was using reprint and not original
matter — and using it without credit. If
an agricultural periodical is too poor
to employ competent talent to edit its
various departments it should be hon-
orable enough to give due credit to
those upon whom it has to depend for
its supply. "Faking" matter in this way
is one of the most contemptible tricks
of which any office • an be guilty; and
if the general public is not aware of its
thieving propensities itt.i contempor-
aries are, and pity its vain ambition.

Once more the editor begs to kindly
and earnestly request his readers to
send all remittances and letters per-
taining to business matters to the
Falconer, N. Y. office, and not to
Florida. Your careful attention to
and compliance with this request will
greatly facilitate our work. Requests
for sample copies or reports of non-
receipt of The Bee-Keeper by sub-
scribers may be sent to the editorial
office. Fort Pierce, Fla. All ai'ticles
intended for publication should also
be sent direct to the editor; but all
else should invariably be addressed to
the business office, as stated — at Fal-
coner, N. Y.

Bees.

A writer, from Portland, Oregon,
sends to the Indiana Farmer an ac-
count of his experience with bees in
that western country.

A friend, losing his health, was ad-
vised to change his locality. He set-
tled in the hill connti-y of our Oregon
coast, and started with a few swarms
of bees.

Instead of selling his honey at iirst,
he made it his staple diet, and entire-
ly recovered his lost digestive powers.
Gradually adding to his stock, togeth-
er with the knowledge of manipulat-
ing it, he has become the "bee-master"
for the whole country side, adding
thus to the good income made from

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

174

his bee-prodnce. At the same time his
occupation never becomes stale and
flat; his interest in the wonderful lit-
tle creatures never abating, while he
keeps on learning more about bees and
their ways. For years I took the same
pleasure in bee-keeping, and but for
altered circumstances and surround-
ings, would do so still.

In ray childhood the old country su-
perstitions of Devonshire amused me.
The bee-master would arrive, making
a great racket with pots and pans to
mesmerize his bees. He would not al-
low us to purchase any, (with money)
as being unlucky. He installed a new
swarm with incantations, insisting on
one of the family repeating the name
of all the rest to them, "Or else," he
explained, "It's In high dudgeon, that
they'll leave ye!" They were to be in-
formed too of a wedding or a .death,
or "there never be no luck about the
house!"

The colony looked very picturesque
each on its own stand in straw "keps,"
and straw thatch over them surmount-
ed with a top-knot.

Some years later Ave had Sir .Tohn
Lulibock for a neighbor. He was liv-
ing at the time on familiar terms with
the bees, a glass window from their
hive being right in his study, where
his scientific observations were made.
It was then that our gardener always
kept a hive in his forcing houses for
apricots, nectarines and peaches. "It
saves me a sight o' time and trouble!"
he would say. "for it's the bees what
does ray fertilization for me. I don't
'ave to bother with Addling little camel
hair brushes!" Yet for fear they
should not get enough for their bee-
liread, I used to put out peaflour for
their use; and it always managed to
disappear.

In the early days of our Oregon
rai'jh, we had an Englishman with us
wno had a regular bee mania. He was
too scientific to be practical, and the
queens from Palentine, Cyprus, and
Italy ate up the profits that we should
have made. The bee experiences
that he poured into my delighted ears
from time to time were most enter-
tainng as well as startling. I studied
my "Root" and took the greatest inter-
est in the wonderful little sprites. Aft-
er he had left us, and during the rent-
ing of our beloved ranch, the foreign

August,

treasures went off on their aerial hon-
ey moon with "burnt wood" scrubs
obedient to "the call of the wild!"
Our sons are now forever coming upon
wild bee-trees in snug canyons or on
the open hill side, of evident mixed
breed.

One can always get a pleasure out
of bees, realizing what others have
witnessed, viz., the order of the little
community; the regulated activities-
even to the watchman, and the hot-.
Aveather gate fanner,— the indefati-
gable nurses, the makers of the se-
cret "royal jelly' for the embryo
queens; the carrying off dead bodies
to "without the camp" and many oth-
er Avonders!

And yet the bees are said to work
only four hours a day, and live only
six" weeks. Clever as they are, a good
bee keeper knows hoAV to deceive and
circumvent them Avhen necessary,
keeping them under his scientific con-
trol.

In proportion to time wisely spent
on them, more financial profit can, I
think, be made on most things. Of
course knoAvledge and facility in hand-
ling them is needed; the locality be-
ing adapted to their supplies, and the
climate to their constitutions! With us,
they work first on the vine maple,
theia on orchard and wild bloom. La-
ter on the much abused fox gloA^e
takes their fancy, and Avhite clover
first and last and all the time. Buck-
wheat makes a good special crop as
we shall not be likely to take them
punting up and down stream, as did
the Sctotch folk, in search of pastures
neAV. Until he has become "immune"
the bee-keeper must have ammonia
handy in case of stings, for, as the
Chinaman says, "'Melican butterfly,
him bad! Him prick heap hard."

Editor R. L. Pender, of the Austral-
asian Bee-Keeper, West Maitland, N.
S. W., is now in America and recently
paid our business office a short visit.

Bees Killed Horses.

Mishawaka, Ind., July 19.— A team
of horses belonging to H. W. Grant, a
rural mail carrier, were stung to death
yesterday by a swarm of bees. The
horses, while grazing overturned a bee-
hive. The honey gatherers attacked
the horses and stung them until they
both dropped dead.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDlisA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the
year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
lect tested, $1.50. Our queens are reared from
the very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
La-Mar P O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

I AWRENCE C. MILLER. BOX 1113, PROVI-
*-- DEXCE. R. I., is filling orders for the popu-
lar, hardy, honey-getting Providence strain of
Queens. Write for free information.

p- H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO

P^' (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves. )
Golden yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
t apiaries.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN..
^ sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold
en Italian queens that skill and experience
can produce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No
disease.

KUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
;h^ wintered on their summer stands within
I few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

C WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
'--' MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and Camiolans. We guarantee safe
arrivaL The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, :\[iCH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.00.

M

OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

pUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-

^ carded after trial of these wonderful bees.

Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
ShefBeld, England. 4

HONEY DEALERS^ DIRECTORY |

^"Qnder this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional w^ords, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates...^gg|

OHIO.

COLORADO.

C H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices,
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(5-5)

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo. 5-5

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

HONEY AND BEESWAX

MARKET.

Hamburg, Germany, June 15— The tendency of
the honey market is still downward, contrary to
expectation. The reports from Cuba and Califor-
nia hardlv justify it. California whit«, 7.63 per
50 kllogra'm ; light amber, 6.80. For baking, yel-
low Cuba honey is preferred. For table use, the
fancy white has the preference. Cuba yellow,
3.71 per 100 lbs.; fancy white, in squre tin cans,
4.77 per case. Demand not till fall and prices will
vary or change, accordmg to supply and demand.

L. Gabain.

Kansas City, Mo., July 8 — We have received a
few shipments of new comb honey from the West
and find the demand equal to the supply. We
quote: Fancv white, 24 section cases, $2.85 to 83.00,
No. 1 white, 24 section cases, $2.75. There is
scarcely any demand for extracted at present;
market 5 1-2 to 6 cents for white stock. Beeswax
per lb. 30 cents. C. C. demons A Co,

Chicago, July 7 — There is a plentiful supply of
honey of all kinds on the market, with no sales
being made; prices therefore cannot be more than
on an asking basis. Very little, if any, choice to
fancy comb, but a large amount of what would
average Xo. 1 is ofTered at lOo to 12c. no sale for
off grades or damaged lots. Extracted White, 6
to 7c, ambers, 5 to fie. Beeswax, 2Sc to 30c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.,

199 South Water Street.

Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15. — The demand for
honey is slow for this season of the year,
which is due to the vast quantities that were
held over from last season, and the importa-
tion of Cuban honey. We quote amber, in
barrels and cans, at 5J4 to 6J^ cents. White
clover, 6V^ to 8 cents. Beeswax, 30 cents.
The Fred W. Muth Co.,

No. 51 Walnut Street.

Dublin, Ireland, June 8.— Old crop all
cleared up. No new stock offering yet.

O. & R. Fry.

Cent'a=Word Column.

'INCREASE" is the title of a little book-
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make up
winter losses without much labor and with-
out breaking up full colonies; entirely new
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. Aa-
dress E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7 tf

Boston, July S— Our market on honey, both
comb and extracted, is practically in a slumber-
ing condition as there is really no call whatever.
Prices remain as before quoted, but are re»lly on-
ly nominal. Blake, Scott it Lee.

Denver, Colo., June 11. — The supply of ex-
tracted honey is plentiful, with slow demana.
We quote today as follows: No. 1 white, per
case of 24 sections, $2.75. Extracted, in a
local way, 7 to V/i cents. Beeswax, 22 to 28
cents. Arrival of small fruits has depressing
effect on honey market. We are cleared up
on comb honey.

Colorado Honey Producers' Assn.,

1440 Market Street.

Matanzas, Cuba, May 26.— Old crop is about

all sold. Last sales were at 26 cents a gallon;

one cent additional for each gallon in casks.

Beeswax is quoted at $31.25, Spanish gold, per

w t. luan Landeta.

FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com-
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $3.00,
will sell with leather case for $i.50 cash.
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N.
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost J150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for ?25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-'
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED— To exchange six-month's trial
subscription to The American Bee-Keeper
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Address,
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

When writing to advertisers mentioi
The American Bee-Keeper.

The Pacific States Bee Journal

AND THE

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal

Have been cousolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
one journal under the name,

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
larger and better than either of
its predecessors, and its pub-
lisher will make every effort to
make it the best bee journal
published anywhere. It is pub-
lished in the west, where the
largest apiaries in the world are
located, and is therefore most in
touch with what is best and
most practical in beedom.

Write for free Sample copy.

Subscription $1.00 per annum.

P. F. ADELSBACH,
Editor and Publisher,
HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

Subscription Agencies.

Subscriptions for the Ameri-

•I

2 can Bee-Keeper may be entered ©

3 through any of the following C
J ag'ents, when more convenient ©
I than remitting to our offices at §!

^

J Fort Pierce, Florida, or James- g

I town, N. Y.: ©

i J. E. Jonhson Williamsfield, ©

I •^*- c

a The Fred W. Muth Company, ©

I 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. ©

^ John W. Pbarr. Berclair, Tex. f!

National Bee=Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E.FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurer.

5 Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell, ©

^ Ontario.

3 G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek,

J British Honduras.

^ Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N.

^ Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan House,

3 England.

I G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang- ©

J anul, New Zealand. S

J H. H. Robinson, Independencla C

J 16, Matanzas, Cuba

t

%

Colorado Honey Producers' ©

I Association, 1440 Market St., ©
a Denver, Colo. ^

A Boon
For

PoDltrfKeepBrs

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, proflt. new system, our
own method, fully explained in
i om- Illu.<4trated Poultry Book, which contains
I PouUry Keepers' Aoc't and Esg Record showing
gains or losses every month for oneyear. Worth 25
I cts, sent to you for lt)c. If you will send names of 5
I noultrv keepers with your order; Address,
e. 8. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Cliutonville. Conn

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

r^Special Notice to Bee=keepcrs!

I BOSTON

I Money in Bees for You.

8 Catalog Price on

ROOT^S SUPPLIES

Catalog for the Asking.

a/a/^

F. H. Farmer, 182 Friend St.,
Boston, Mass.

LUp First Flight

■::rJ_rE'rrP^r='rSI^-r^J

^l-3J=?-'SJS]-^'^-f^

ICAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

i COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

> Send your business direct to WashinRton, i
' saves time, costs less, better service.

> My office close to U. S. Patent Office. FREE preUmin-

> ary Examinations made. Atty^a fee not dne until patent

> is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS
» ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"

iSrrs^ciarn^s^i^c^-'^wtt.^^rtt^^
JNVENTIVE ACE;

JmuBtrated monthly-Eleventh year-terms. $1. a year.;

, 918 FSt.. N. W.,|

J, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Put

Your

Trust

In

Providence!

Queens,

Introduce new blood now tor next season's j
service.

TiROVlDENCE fiUEENS
1 rove Their IJlJALlTiES

To be of the Highest.
LAWRENCE C. MILLER,

p. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

Klf, EINGHAI
5 has made all tho im-
provements in

k Bee Smokers a^iid

€ Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, undou'Dt-.lly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too Jury- s"nt

postpaid, per mail * ' ^^'J*

aHi inch l.'.O

Knife, SO cents. 3 inch l-'iO

2^ inch M'J-

r. F. Bingham, j^l-^^-,-2,,; i»

Farwell, Wlich.

20pBrctnt P ofit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, aniiual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

Pate-t Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

TMn Flat Bottom Fou idattoi

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being fhe cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

I. J. STRINQHAM, 105 Park PL, N. Y. City

Keeps a full stock of hives, sections, and smokers— in fact

everything a bee-keeper uses.

Colonies of Italian Bees, in shipping boxes, $5.75

3 fr. nuc. col, - - - " ^'j^

Unt. Italian Qtjeens, - - - '^

Tested Italian Queens, - - - **^"

Apiaries. Glen Cove, L. I. Catalog free.

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTIRAL MONTH-
LY IN THE INITED STATES Ji^^^^^^^

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
tains a department for the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
remedies called "Hasarzt," in fact every
number contains articles of real prac-
tical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to,

FARM UND HAUS

& tf. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

Attica Lithia Springs Hotel

Lithia-SulpDur Water aud Mud Baths
Xaturp's Own Great Cure for

...RHEUMATISM....

and Kindred Diseases, such as Liver
and Kidney Complaints, SItin and
BI«od Biseases, Constipation, Nervous
Prostration, etc.

A new and up-to-date hotel. Large, airy,
lin;ht and finely furnished rooms, with Steam
Heat, KlectricLi-hts, Hot and Cold Water
on en eh floor. Rates inoludins Room, Board,
Mud Baths, Lithia-Sulphur Wiiter Baths and
Medical Atte<]dnnc>e (no extras) $3.50 and
J3.00 a dav, acoordinsj to room.

WRITE FOR BOOKLET.

Address Box 3,

tf

Lithia Springs Hotel, Attica, Ind.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 7oc. we will mail yoni the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA,

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young-, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime conditioi? for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail Sample, state lowest price expected delivered Cincinnati.
I pay prompt on receipt of goods.

iOLDEN ITALIANS

Untested. i, 75c.

RED CLOVER

6, $4.00.

CARNIOLANS

12, $7.50.

C. H. W. WEBER,

Ice and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Farehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CiNCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos precios en to-
da clasc dc articulos para Apicultorcs.
Nucstra Fabrica es una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas dc America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In-
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y precios a quienes lo solicitcn. Dinja-

°^* *THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100

Wanted to raise
Belgians

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co^
^ Nashville, Tenn.

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

BEGINNERS.

shoM.Jbaveacopy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 pa-e book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written er
pcclallyfor amateurs. Second edition just on
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
Editor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 cenU; by
mail 2s cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

Ca liTC, progressive, 28 page monthly journal.) on*
year for 6bc. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., HigginsrUle, m..

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you
mention American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
Farm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
try and Fashion. It's the best pa-
per printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.

W. M. Gerrish. R. F. D., Epping, N. H.
keeps a complete supply °^ °?'^Z -Jtr
Eastern customers will save freight by order

ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

AGENTS Wanted "washing Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
u fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
;ubscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

WTENTS

promptly obtained OR NO FEE. Trade-Marks,

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TWENTY YEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.

I Send model, sketch or photo, for free report j

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Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best

I mechanical movements, and contains 300 other

I subjects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO. ■'""'

790 F Street North,

Attorneys
WASHINGTON, D.C.i

BARNES'

Foot Power MachiDery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, which
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford.111.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Mahks

Designs

Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
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Patents taken througb Munn & Co. receive
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Scientific American.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
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ATHENS, GA,

Subscription, . . . . 50 Cents a Year.

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HOME SEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ed in tlie Soutliern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOIMESEEKER, a handsomt
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industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
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trial for 1.5c. Address,

THR DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va tf

Honey

PRODUCTION

AND

SELLING.

These are the two main problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as im-
portant as the other. Many can produce fine lioney,but fail to get the best
prices. Your crop in attractive packages is half sold. The first honey in
tile market sells thje best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

No-drip Shipping Cases.

Do not put your section honey in
poorly made section cases. It avIU
l)ring less if you do. We make our
ca,ses of white- bass-wood, and they
are constructed so they will not leak,
Neither do the sections get stuck ui
with honey.' Made for all kinds o1
sections, and in all sizes. Also glass^
for fronts. For retailing honey then
is notliing neater than the Danzj
Carton. A,sk for our catalogue givinj
complete, prices and descriptions.

Hersiiiser Jars.

The ifinest of all glass pack-
ages for extracted honey. Made
of clear glass with aluminum
caps, which iseal them tight. We
sell other styles of glass pack-
ages. Don't fail to study the
candied honey question. Thwo
is a great fiiture for this. We
sell the famous Aiken Honey
BaK for retiiiling caiidied honey.
See our general catalogue for
further descrii)tion and prices.

Five-Gallon Tin Cans.

The favorite package for shippii
extracited hoht^y. No leaking,
tainted honey. The cans being .scpiar
oconoihize spa(ce, and are easily boxe
Also smaller sizes. Cans furnislu
witli difliM-ent widths of screw ca)
or honey gates. Don't fail to get o\
It,rices before ordering. Uememl)
that freight charges ,sho)ild b«> oo
sidered with tlie i)rices. We can sh
from our branch houses.

f

Complete Description and Trices in General Catalogue.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.

Factory and Executive Office - = MEDINA, 0H|

RRANCITES—Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie St.; Philadelphia. I'a., 10 Vine St.
New York (3ity, N. Y., 44 Vesey .St.; Syracuse. N. V.; M(H-lianic Falls.Mr
St. Paul, Minn., 1<>24 Miss. St.; San Antonio, Texas; Washington, D. (
1100 Md. Av.; Havana, Cuba, 17 San Ignacio; Kingston, .Jamaica, %
Harbour St.

f

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, md in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
icnow all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription oT

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

There is no trade or profession better catered to
t>y good journals than that of the farmer. Unin-
telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse.

IS a
luxucj'

A BATH

wher UMPIRE
taken in an ^ Portable

Folding BATH TUB.

Used in any room.
AOKNTS Wanted.
Catalogue Free.
- THt EMPIRE
^WASHER CO.,
Jamestown, N.r.

$25,000.00 CASH

in. 500 prizes. First prize, $10,000.00. T(
those making nearest correct puesses of thi
total popular rote to be cast November Sth
1904, for President of the United States.

There are eight special prizes of $500.00 eacl'
for early estimates.
This may be fortune's knock at your dooi
It costs nothing to enter the contest am
only a postage stamp for particulars. Addres
Hostcrman Publishing Co., Box 16, Spring
field, Ohio.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINI

10c a year. Largest, Brightest and Finest lllustrnt(
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to Intri
duce it only.

It is brislit and ni)-to-(lato. Toll
all about Southern Home Life. It
full of fine engravings of grand scoi
ery, buildings and' famous poopli
Send at ouce. 10c. a year post]i!ii'
anywhere in the U. S., Canada an,
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a clnl
Money back if not delighted. Stainj
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

TIIR DIXIE HOME,

Birmingham. Ala.

When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

POULTRY success C(

THE 20th CENTURY POULTRY
MAGAZINE.

1.5t+i year. 32 to 64 pages. Beautifully
lustrated, up-to-date and helpful. Best kno\
writers. Shows readers how to succeed wi
poultry. 50 CENTS PKR YEAR. Spec
introductory "offers: 10 months, 25 cents, .i
eluding large practical poultry book free; fo
montbsl trial, 10 cents. Stamps accept(
Sample copy free. Poultry Success Co., Dei
16, Springfield, Ohio, or DesMoines, Iowa

When writing to advertisers menti<
The American BeeKeeper.

SHINE!

The Empire \\'asher Company, Jamestown,
N. v., makes a Shine Cabiret, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best — rnd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa-
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common.. A postal will bring
you details of this and other good things.

American

BEE

Journa

16 -p. Weekl

Sample Fre

US' AU about Bees and the

profitable care. Bes t writer

Oldest bee paper; illustrate

Departments f<ir beginue

and for women bee-keepers.

Address,

GEORGE W. YORK & CO.,

144 & 146 Erie St. ChicagoJi.

f-^f-^p*|-^ Send 10 cents for one ywir's si;
P l\ Cl sc'Pt'on to AMKIUCAN STOKI
V'-'"-' the best monthly mngaziiH" pi
lisheil, iind wo will send yon samples of UK) oth
magazines, nil (filYorcnt, free. AMERIC/
STORIES, Dopt. H. I)., Grand Rapids, Mieh.

■—^■"'"infiriiiiniii

Bee H i ves
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now-
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

<^

The W. T.
FALCONER MAIMFG. CO.,

JAMESTO\A/Ni, N. Y.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

^ ^ IN FLORIDA ej* J-

Located in tbe Heart of the Cel-
irated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce Is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in evei-y issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. tf.

The News^ Fort Pierce,FIa

$250.00 liV PRIZES

Will be given away for
the best articles submitted
on Bee Culture, Honey
Production and its distri-
bution. Here is a chance
to earn some money. Full
particulars in the August
number of the Journal.
Write now.

Western Bee Journal

p. F. ADELSBACH, Editor & Publisher ^
Hanford, == California

Beeswax
Wanted

We pay 25 cents cash or 28 cents in
goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Fnlconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once. Prices
.sul)ject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FA|LC0NER MFG. CO.

ootrfldL

YOURSELF, WASHING THE OLD

WAY, BUT BUY AN E M P I R E

W A S H E R , «n<;ncfcvc^ (A«
frailest woman can do an or-
dinary walking in «ne hour,

teithout wetting her hand*. .

Sample atwhoUfaUprice. Satisfaction Onanintevd.^
Nonavv.ntiltried. Write/or Illustrated Catalogyt^
anapricei ofWringertJroning Tablet, Clothes Eeeli^:
DryingBari, WagonJaek*,<ke. AeentsWanted. Lilni
•ral Terms. Quick Salesl Little Workll Big Pa/Ill
Addreti.Tat EmpibiWabbkb Co.,Jamcstoira.H.T.

MAPS.

A vest pocket Map of your State.

New issue. These maps show al]
the Counties, ia seven colors, £,1'
railroads, postofRces — anci nian)
towns not given in the postal guidt
— rivers, lakes and mountains, w' 1
index and population of count. e.s.
cities and towns. Census — it givci
all official returns. We wUl senc^
you postpaid any state map yoi
wish for

20 cents (sHver)

JOHN W. HANN,
... Wauneta, Nebi

CLUBBING LIST.

We will send The American Bee-Keepeij

with the— Price Bott!

What to Eat 1.00 1.00

Bee-Keepers' Review 1.00 1

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00 1.3!

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00 1

American Queen 50 .60

The American Boy 1.00 1.0(

Irish Bee Journal 35

Rural Bee-Keeper 50 .71

Poultry Success, 50 .?{

The American Farmer

AM)

The American Bee=Keeper

Both one Year for 50c.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popinlar litera-

ry family

~~~~~™"™~"™~~"" MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every liome.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special otTer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for i Year for lOc.

Think of it. le-ss than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

Clubbing Offers

Here is a Sample:

Modern Farmer $ .50

Western Fruit Grower 50

Poultry Gazette 25

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00

$2.25
All One Year for only $1.00.

Write for others just as groocl, or bet-
ter.

SAMPLE FREE.

New subscribers can have the Amer-
can Bee Journal in place of Gleanings,
if the.v wish, or all for $1.G0. Renew-
als to A. B. .7. add 40e. more.

MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the iiatronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-^sted of either race. $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $G. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $2:^50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop,,

.\ew Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL=
TURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

WISI

D E

(WATCRTOWN,

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS CO..
Watertown. Wis.

Send for
Catalog.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and ail ways quote lowest
price dellvepedhepeiAA/e rem it imme-
diately upon receipt of shipment.

THE FFiED W. MUTH CO.,

References:
German ^lational Bank. Cincinnati. 0
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

t^^^Hior^'- CINCINNATI, O.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.
Sample copy and 64-pae« catalogue, FREE
(i-tf

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAL

I A monthly jouriiul devoted to agri-
! cultural interests. Largest circulation
i of any agricultural paper in the west.
I It circulates is Missouri. Kansas, Ne-
j bra,slva, Iowa and Colorado.
I J. W. EARLEY, Editor,

Itf 1123 N St.. Lincoln. Neb.

American

BEE

Journal

16 - p. Weekly.

_ __ ^ Sample Free.
j9S" All about Bees and their
profitable care. Best writers.
Oldest bee-paper; illustrated.

Departments fi r beg'inners
and for women bee-keepers.
Address,

QEORQE W. YORK & 60..
144 & 1^6 Erie St. Chicago.Ilu

SEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER,

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND OET

THE AMERICAN FARMER

FOR VOURSELP, ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Jamestown, N.Y.

Vol. XIV

SEPTEMBER, 1904.

No. 9

m^

"COUNTRIFIED."

mn

By James Buckham.

7TS 0 they call you "countrified?"
-Si/ Let it be your joy and pride.

^^'

'^#

You, who love the birds and bees,

^^

And the whispers of the trees!
Trust me. friends of flowers aud gv.'ass
Little brown-faced lad or lass,
Naught in all the world beside

mri

^i^^

Equals being "countrified."

\0

^%

Up, of mornings, when the light
Reddens on the mountain height;
Hearing how the bird-throats swell
With the joy they cannot tell;

^^

Conscious that the morning sings.

mi

Like a harp with unseen strings.

Over which the breezes glide —

This is being "countrified."

Roaming fat-, on svunnier days.

*^vki^'

Or when autumn woodlands blaze;

mi

mi

I>'earning how to catch and tell
Nature's precious secret well;

Filled with sunshine, heart and face.

Or. wher«> branches interlace.

Dappled like the shv trout's side —

%>^

This is being "countrified."

'^>.\!^

^"fs

What though little fit to pose
In the city's ways and clothes?
There is vastly more to love

m^

^^

In the brawn of nature's glove,

Health and happiness and tan

%v^

^^^

Are best fashions for a man.
All who near to God abide
Are in some way "countrified."

mi

176

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

MIGRATORY BEE-KEEPING IN FLORIDA.

BY O. O. POPPLBTON.

THERE has always been a pecu-
liar fascination in the subject
of migratory bee-keeping, espe-
cially when practiced on our river
highways by the use of boats.

I suppose that real migi-atory bee-
keeping on the water means the keep-
ing of bees on large flats, scows or

work cannot be of much value to the
fraternity, it may possibly interest
some.

Black mangrove is a semi-tropical
tree oceum-ing in salt marshes, in close
proximity to the ocean itself. There
are three localities in East Florida
where it grows in sufficient quantity to

POI'I'Liri'dN'S KLKKT A'!' THK I.ANDIN'ii

boats which are frequently moved from
one locality to another so as to take
advantage of different honey flows
as they occur in different but not too
distant localities. The only instance
I know of this having been tried on a
large scale in this country was a cost-
ly failure. I douljt whether conditions
in this country will ever allow of its
being done successfull.v.

Th(tt-e are localities, however, where
a modified form of migratory bee-keep-
ing can he practiced, and I happen to
be lucky or unlucky, enough to be so
located that I have to practice it to at-
tain even medium success in my work.
While a brief description of some of
the conditions.etc, connected with this

be of value to bee-keepers. One is near
New Smyrna and Hawks Park, in Vo-
lusia county, another is some 50 to 100
miles southward in the Indian River
Narrows, in Brevard county, and the
other is on the kej's south of Miami in
Dade and Monroe counties.

Along almost the entire east coast
of Florida extend estuaries or salt-
water lagoons, and the mangrove la
mostly found on marshy islands in
these waters. In many cases, espe-
cially at the New Smyrna field, the wa-
ter is narrow enough between the is-
lands and the mainland so that bees
on the mainland have ready access to
them;. but in much of the other loca-
tions, the water is so wide that bees

1'.»()4

rilE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

177

h.ive to be located on the islands while
nianj^rove is in bloom. As a rule the
islands are not as good locations at
ntiicr seasons as is the mainland and
111,, best waj^ of utilizing- the honey re-
sources of the mangrove is to keep
bees on the mainland most of the
year, and move them to the mangrove
locations while that is in bloom in
June and July. If the good locations
on the mainland were in all cases
close by the mangrove locations, the
moving of bees to and from same
would be a small item, but such is not
always the case. >Jy ovrn home
apirnes are about 110 miles by water

moved \ny bees to u location about 40
miles from homo. This location is not
so extensive nor does it yield as large
quantities of honey as did the old
place.

For the first two or three .years I
used sailboats to move with, since
then until this year have carried the
bees in my gasoline launch, a boat ca-
p;ible of carrying about 30 of my large
single-story hives. This year I luive
built a large boat capable of carrying
nearly or quite 125 of my large hives
— would carry easily some 300 single-
story Langstroth hives. This boat is
all covered in with good roof and can-

IXTERIOR OF EXTR.\CTIXG BOAT AXD TRAXSrORT..

from the nearest fair mangrove loca-
'tion and the removal of 200 or more
colonies becomes a costly and labori-
ous job.

When I first commenced keeping
bees here in Florida, the mangrove lo-
cation at Hawks Fark was so much
better than the one I am now using
that although much farther away (150
miles) I moved my bees there each
season. Two of us bee-keept rs united
in hiring a small steamer to tow our
bees on a large lighter at an expense
of .$1.00 to .'i;i.50 per colony up and
hark. This paid us fa'rly well until
the freeze of 1895 ruined the mangrove
there. Since then I have each summer

vas sides. Sides can be fastened down
or rolled up as seen in the , i;st pic-
ture. This boat is used for carrying
bees, being towed with the launch, af-
ter which it is tied to the wharf and
used as an exti-acting and storage room
until ready to carry bees ba'-k home;
then taken out of the water and used
as a sterage house until next bee s, a-
son. I expect to use it then as a mov-
able extracting room, my out ai)iaries
being all situated on the banks of the
river, none of the colonies being over
50 yards from where the ))oat will lie.
Honey is all wheeled into tlie boat on
a wheelb.-'.ri'ow in comb-boyes. The
barrow stands just liack of the decap-

178

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

per and extractor and equi-distant
from eitlier, in the liamliost position
possible for liandling' coail)s to and
from tliese implements.

Tlie photo showing the interior of the
boat was taken aftci- extracting for the
season was over and boat was well
littered up with some refuse truck
from an old apiary I had lately bought,
and had partly broken ui) after honey
flow v.-as over. The eilitor was quite
disappointed that he couldn't get over
to take the pictures while we were at
work and deck properly cleared for
action.

Now does all this lal)or and expense
of moving bees, as I do, pay? In my

towing the other boat or any other use
a power l>oat can be used for. The
bees, about l."50 colonies at this place,
are on a narrow shell ridge parallel
with the shcive behind a low fringe of
bushes that almost entirely hides them.
As the editor said, the apiary is l)y far
the best arranged one he ever saw to
prevent a photographer from getting
any view of it. The large tree in the
middle of the picture is a date palm,
one of the oldest if not the oldest one
in this region.

The third picture is a view of the
shore above the landing, taken IV-om
top of the big boat. It shows a fine lot
of our cabbage palmetto trees on the

OYSTER BARS AND SHORE— Loi (KING NORTHWEST,

situation, yes! But I know of no other
location in Florida or elsewhere wher-e
it will pay and if I had a location to
choose over again, I should certainly
try hard to find one that had no mi-
grator.v features about it.

Perhai>s a little exidanation of the
engravings will be in order: The first
one shows the two l>oats as they la.v
days which we are at woi'k extracting.
The larger one is the lighter and work-
room conil»ined, which is left moored
at the wharf diu'ing the honey season.
T1k> smaller one is the launch fitted
with a three horse-power (iloVie gaso-
line engine and used for going back
and forth li'om aiiiai'ies to li\"ing i»lace.

shore, also several oyster bars out ol
the water at the time, it being low tide
We can gather all the o.vsters we wist
within a few feet of the boat on tht
shore side and catch fish from th<
other side, there being a fine fishing
hole within 10 or 15 feet of the l>oat
While my pai-tial migratory bee
keeping makes plenty cjf hard wort
with no great remuneration for it, yei
there is something fascinating aboui
the life in such a wild and out-of-the
wa.v localit.v. This apiary is over tw(
miles from the nearest house, about
200 .vards from the ocean beach, anc
near an inlet. The waters abound ir
nianv and curious kinds of life. I havf

1004

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

170

seen dnrin;;' the present summer a man-
atee of at least 1,000 [xinnds weiyht; a
sawfish 15 feet long; sharks from 10
feet down, scores of stlng-rays from 10
to 100 pounds each; sea turtles from
10 to 300 pounds each, thousands of
large fish and innumtn'able quantities
of other things found only near tide-
water inlets.

Several times during the summer
personal friends living in town have
fre(juently gone over to the apiary in
the morning and occupied their time
drying the day, while I was at my reg-
ular work, in fishing, bathing in the
Siu-f, shell gathering, etc.

Fort Fierce, Fla., Aug. 11, 1904.

THE SHALLOAV vs. DEEP FRAME
CONTROVERSY.

A Reply to Mr. Miller.

By W. W. McXeal.

M'

R. ARTHUR C. MILLER, in his

defense of the divisible brood-
chamber, Page 30, P>ee-Keeper
"1- i-vin-uary. wfites enthusiastically if
I' it convincingly of the merits of the
ittle hive.

Shallow hives were a great fad with
lit' at one time, and therefore it was
vith much interest I read the article
if s(i aide a writer as Mv. Miller, rath-
'1- iioping that he would disclose ctr-
ain practical truths which would en-
li|<' me to "revise my theories" con-
cientiously. But it seems he has
ather suljstantiated the correctness of
iiy claim — that hives shallower than
ll^^ Langstroth do not properly meet
lie requirements of a colony of bees
uiiug the cold of winter and early
;fing. Those conditions that favor
"'st the welfare of the bees do not
i'r\(' the interest of the bee-keeper so
^ell. Either one or the other must be
lie loser and usually it is the bees.

-Man's own convenience has gradual-
>■ •ncroached upon that of the bees till
1 the construction of the motlern shsl-
i\v hive, Mr. Miller tells us it was de-
igned for "man's especial benefit!''
'nw that being .so, there remains but
ttlc jjround for discussion, for I have
I'ver said the hive was not a good
arm-weather hive— one that strongly
lijieals to the avaricious qualities in
uiiian nature. The "i>ersonal ele-
lent" or in other words "the man and
'anagement" may either modify or in-
'nsify unfavorable conditions aris-

ing from unnatui'al suiii-oundings. P.ut
hive manipulation, liowever systematic
it may l)e with shallow hives, cannot
make t-hose hives as warm as hives of
natural built combs.

The divisible brood-chamber must
have outside protection to make it as
warm as a large single-story hive of the
same capacity would be without out-
side packing. And it was this matter of
greater warmth of single-story hives
that caused me to change firom the
shallow^ frames to those that Avere
11 inches deep for the brood-chamber.
When a colony of bees has weath-
ered the bitter cold of winter and its
vit.-ility is far spent, the arrangement
of the combs for warmth and protec-
tion is of the greatest importance
when breeding is begun in erx'ly
spring. We all know that brood can-
not be reared profitably where chilling
drafts of air circulate. The brood-
chamber that is made up of two cases
of shallow frames cannot save the en-
ergy of the bees as it should, owing
to the great amount of cold air pass-
ing around the comlis and through the
very heart of the brood-nest.

One case of combs, containing as it
UHist the necessary stores, is inade-
quate to the purposes and require-
ments of earl.v brood-rearing, and
when another case of combs is added
the conditions become such that, if
they are not bad they are simply
worse. The combs in the lower case
that come directly under those con-
taining brood in the upper one, cannot
be warmed as economically as the low-
er half of com))s in a large single-story
hive. That must be evident to one and
all for it is simply a physical impossi-
bility for the bees to do it when the
heat generated can so easil.v escape
through that horizontal air-space be-
tween the two sets of combs. The bees
must I)e enabled to confine the heat of
the cluster at the point of operations
in Icood rearing or there will l)e a
wanton waste of vitality in an effort
to meet the growhig demand for brood,
in the lower case. -u

There must be corresponding means'
for maintaining the same degree of
warmth in that jtosition of the lower
oase of combs which the bees desire
to use for Ir-eeding imrposes and if
the arrangement of the. combs does
not allow of this, then the expense of
additional outside protection must be
carried to get the benefits of a double
case of combs, in numerical strength.

180

L THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.
coming of settled warm

September,

in'ior to the
weather.

Whatever may become of heat after
it escapes from the cluster, we may be
assured that it does uot return. The
accumulation of ffost and ice on the
outer combs and upon the walls of the
hive would seem to be sufficient to dis-
pel any doubts on that score.

Imagine, if you please, a person try-
ing to keep warm and healthy during
the long, c-old winter in an eight-room
or a ten-room house with no ceilings
to any of the rooms. Then let your
fancy picture a midway opening in the
walls of the rooms extending their full
length and you Avill have conceived a
iirst-rate Icind of atrangement for a
corncrib but a poor one for the
nursery.

In attempting to prove that bees are
not guided by any law of nature in
forming the outline or shape of the
coudjs, Mi: Miller gets wide of the
mark. He does not deal with the
question at issue but with results that
are unavoidable in horizontal brood-
chamber. For the sum of his figures,
as represented by actual lateral growth
of comb within a given time is made
possible only by that feature of hive
construction. It will be remembered
that the assertion I made was that the
depth of natural-built comljs always
exceeded their width when the bees
had room to construct them according
to their own wishes. I said that the
downward growth of comb was more
rapid than the lateral and that when
completed such combs conformed more
fully to the needs of a spherical clus-
ter of bees than shallow or horizontal-
shaped combs. Taking the total later-
al growth of four small combs in the
sanu' frame, as Mr. Miller did. and set-
ting that over against the downward
growth of only one of them is neces-
sarily misleading. With .iust as much
force of argument I might say that the
total downward growth of all the
combs (one over the other) proved be-
yond peradventure that bees prefer
deep combs. Now notice: Mr. Miller
says that a small spherical body of
bees will start one comb and build
downwards twice as fast as sidewise.
He then further admits that each di-
vision of the main cluster engaged in
comb building Avill build downwards
twice as fast as sidewise! Now, it be-
ing so that all the combs simultaneous-
l.v or otlierwise started in a horizontal
"ten-frame hive" numbering "from two
to five in each frame", is at the start,

"built downwards twice as fast as,
sidewise,"' 'twould seem to be incon-^
trovertible — that no one could fail to
see Mr. Miller's position is not tenable.

If I mistake not Mr. Miller makes;
good capital of the theory of the deep
or tall section box, whicli ever yon
choose to call it. In fact nearly all the
advocates of shallow hives whose
writings have come to my notice hold
to the belief that bees will complete a
deep section quiclcer than one of a
square shape. Fiuiny. isn't it? that a
principle of hive construction said tc
be so utterly at variance with the in-
stincts of the bees M-hen emplo.ved Ir
the brood-chamber, it should be so mu
tually beneficial in the super arrange
ment. With all due respect for th(
opinions of those who differ with me
I will add that the sectional brood-
chambers and system is founded oi
the strength of artificial resources an(
unless it has the backing of the suga:
liarrel it is necessarily shorn of it:
chief allurement and ceases to he prao
tical.

I am willing that everyone shall uS'
the hive that suits him best. Kut a
for myself, after careful comparison o
the two styles of hives I am decidel;
in favor of the large single-story hive
for winter brood-chamber.

Wheelersburg, O., Aug. 11, 1004.

PUNSC BEES.

Peculiar Traits, etc., Described by One Who
Breeds This Race for Market.

T

By John Hewitt.

'WENTY or thirty years ago. gref
hopes were entertained of bein
aide to import the great hone
bee — Apis Dorsata — into America. M
I). A. .Tones, founder of the Canadia
Bee .Tournal, spent large sums in tryiii
to import it; which he said would prt
duce "lakes of honey." Well he faile
and so has everybody else who has trie
to import it. It was to be used in cros)
ing the Italians and they were goin
to iiroduce a new l)reed of bee to tj
called the Apis Americana; I just mei
tion this because very many of yoi
readers will be too young to have rea
all the "big things'" expected to resu
frohi its advent into America.

If we have not been able to impo
it, we have done something better,
think, in int»"oducing a much bett«
bee to work side by side with it, i.(

l!_ii)4

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

181

hv I'unie race, and we are now able
0 glean many facts; tirst, it is prac-
ically worthless as a honey bee com-
)ared with Funics, and second, they
ill not cross-mate and therefore it is
[uite useless for "crossing" purposes.

This bee I first imported in 1886. It
s of the genus Apis Nigra, and there-
ore all black, in fact blacker than any
)ees native to any part of Europe or
America; it comes from Ancient Poeu-
a in North Africa, and was cultivated
or its honey long before the Romans
)egan to practice husbandry of any
iud. ^^'e are indebted to the Poen-
ans for the best features of horticul-
ure and agriculture, whose success so
ncited the Romans they at last suc-
eeded in crushing them; the, bees
lowever, remained pure and uncontam-
uated up to 181(1, when I imported a
arge number of queens to start their
•reeding here.

These bees ace proof against foul
•rood, and if hives are large enough,
hey will not swarm. They are the
amest bees known; in fact just the
)ees to produce honey in the greatest
uantity with the least trouble, and it
5 on these lines the most dollars will
»e raked in.

These bees have made themselves at
lome In every country no matter hovr
lot or how cold, hence when Major
5mith wrote to the British Bee .Tour-
lal on October 3rd, 1901, page 397. for
dvice in starting bee-keeping in India,
nd the editors told him to take out
European queens and introduce theni
0 the native stock of bees. Apis In-
lica, I wrote to him to caution him
gainst following such advice, as these
»ees will not, on any account, accept
ny queen of any European race, and
iven if it could be done, the queen
ould not lay eggs in their combs as
he cells ace too small. These bees (A.
ndica) build combs 5-8 inch thick,
paced 7-8 inch from center to center;
et these people who profess to know
11 about all foreign bees, with a libra-
y of 10,000 volumes, gave t^Js absurd
dvice to Major Smith. They, know-
Dg of Major Smith's success, told an-
ther party on August 2()th, 1003. page
36, that all the European bees sent to
ndia have sooner cc later died off, and
dvised the keeping of the Native
pis Indica in English hives.
In writing to Major Smith, I ad-
ised him to try the Funics as they
ad the happy peculiarity of making
emselves at home and doing well in
very country I sent them to and they

were the only race I knew of which
had not been tried in ludia and failed.
Early in December, lOOl, I received a
letter from him asking me to pack up
a nucleus of Punic bees, for his broth-
CB." to bring with him. As soon as I
had read it, a telegram came from his
brothei':- to send them that day for him.
The bees had been unable to fiy for
two months through ])ad weather and
it was ^•ery frosty. The bees had to
be safely packed and combs wired fast
to the frames, but I got them off in
time to reach London at 8 a. m., and
I arranged the box so that the bees
could l)e given a fly on the way, and
particularly requested that this should
be done. As a matter of fact, his
brother was afraid to let them out
and they never got even one fly on
the way, with the result nearly all the
bees were dead on arrival.

Major Smith says under date of Jan-
uary 11th. 1002, "I ct)uld only see very
few bees between the combs ; to me
there did not seem as if there were
more than about a hundred, if so
many, but did not lift out the frames
and examine them as it was rather
cold." Yet these self same bees in-
creased to six full stocks in two-story
hives and yielded 2.") pounds of honey
before the end of the year.

I soon after received another order
for a nucleus of Punic bees for India,
which I sent ofl" after the frost had
broken up and they not only had a
good fly before I sent them, but also
three on the way. They arrived with
two patches of sealed brood, though
the queen was not laying when sent.
These were for George Oakes, Esq.,
Walpole House, Ootacamund. India, a
neighbor of Major Smith's, who has
written to me several times. In one,
dated April 11th. 1903, he says there
is no "cross mating with Apis Dorsata
or Apis Indica and I infinitely prefer
Funics to either variety. A gentle-
man near here expressed his surprise
at my Funic bees, he said when he
was last at home they had a bad name
for viciousness, but as far as my ex-
perience goes, one could not have bet-
ter mannered or more tractable bees,
and they will take a lot of beating in
any respect.'' Since he wrote this I
have noticed an editorial article in
the "Field" for September 5th, page
440. which reports their doings down
to .Tune 1st. when eight of the lots had
produced 13 sealed sections and 2.34
pounds of honey, but as the best part

1S2

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

of the year had to come it is safe to
estimate a very big cirop.

Uiie must uot attempt to treat tliese
bees like Italians, for instance, for
though they are a smaller bee, they re-
quire larger hives for a brood nest.
They -will require either a 12-frame
Langstroth hive cf an eight-frame one
with a half story above and the frames
in this half story should be put the
narrow way across the box. This one-
and-a-half-story stack hive will nevek-
need touching and all one will used to
do is to put on plenty of room above
and take oft" the surplus honey — no
feeding if there is any honey above.
These small narrow frames should
have no bottom bars: they will be
found very handy in making up nu-
clei, as tl'.fee division boards put in
one of these shallow boxes will make
four nuclei with an entrance on each
side and by being put across the bot-
tom frames there will always be the
best kind of winter passage ways.

There is this other peculiarity, viz.,
the (jueens never attempt to mate till
al>out 20 days old, but t-.ey Avill mate
all right at ovtn- three months old,
hence they will not be favorites with
queen l)reeders who use a split on'e-
pound section for a nucletis. It is htce
that the value of the short, shallow
frame will come in.

There is another startling peculiar-
ity. If you c-emove a queen and then
on the iotli day cut out every (pieen
cell, fertile workers will at once fill
all the combs with eggs and they will
begin qtieen cells on these eggs and
develop and hatch (pieens from them,
which will duly mate and a-epopulate
the hives. I do not place much value on
fills fact, except to prove that nature
has a wise use for fertile workers, i. e.,
to l)e able to requeen a stock when a
queen is lost in mating. Ho^v the bees
do this, i.e., produce both males and
females from unmated Avorker bees, I
leave to someone else to .find mit. All
who have these bees can verify the
fact for themselves.

Sheffield. Engh:ind.

The article in "Field." September o,
100:5. liy Major Smith, is quite interest-
ing and we theu'efore present it in full,
as follows': — Editor FVee-Keeper.
ENGLISH BERS IN INDIA.

The experiment of introducing the
Punic l>ee at Ootacflmund, South In-
tlia. was due to the enierprise of ^Major
G. de Heriez Smith, of the Central In-

dia Horse, who, in January, l'J02, im-
ported a nucleus, sent out by Mr. .JohD
Hewitt, of Sheffiield. In the following
month Mr. George Oakes, after having
for some yeafs kept stocks of the In-
dian bee (Apis Indica), also imported a
nucletis of I'unic bees from Mr. Hew-
itt. In both instances the bees were
brought to India liy friends travelini
with the mails, and were eighteen tc
twenty days on the journey. Thej
were well packed on four frames 0I
heather honey, re-Avired, and securec
in an cfdinary Hollands gin ease. Yen
tilation Avas provided at the door anc
the top of the case by means of per
forated zinc. The bees Avere flowi
three times en route — at Port Said
Aden, and Bonil)ay. From Bombay
they Avere lirought by mail train direc
to Ootacamund.

On arrival the frames Avere at onC"
tfansferred to clean hives, and the beei
fed Avith stimulating syrup. .Within i
Aveek the queen Avas busily laying, am
the stock rapidly increased to tei
frames. So rapidly did the stock Id
crease that on May 12, 10b2. fou
frames of capped brood Avell coverei
with bees Avere placed by ^lajor Smiti
in the traveling box and formed a nv
cletis. the ([ueeii bee of which at one'
started queen cells. The first SAvan
ffom the first imported lot Avas throAV
ofe on July 20, ino2, and four casts fo
loAA'ed — on July ;^(),the first Aveek in At
gust. Se]itember ]0, and September 1."
The first sAvarin from the lot inqiorte
later (kept by Mr. 'Oakes at Walpol
House) Avent off on S<"ptember 12, an
Avas successfully hived, and two fo
loAved — on September 1.^ and 19. Th
last tAvo casts Avere united, (me (piee
being secured.

Major Smith and :\Ir. Oakes eventi
ally joined forcesi and located the bee
on the DoAvnham estate (coffee) of tb
latter. By the end of the year tb
joint stocks ntimbered nine (six froii
Major Smith's, three from Mr. Oakes')
but only one of Mr. O's Avas reall
strong and carried a doulde broo
chamber). The honey yii'lded amounte
to about 2.« pounds, but it Avas prove
that the Irees Avould store surplus hoT
e,y in sections, Avhich was a very grai
ifying thing, never before done in Ir.
dia. Tavo sert^ons Avere taken off Ms
jor Smith's original stock from Ma
hn, 11t02.

The sejison of lOOf?, from January t
June 1, records a yield of seventy-thre
sections and 234 pounds of extracte

»04

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

183

nwy, notwithstanding tlie nine stocks
iving been reduced to eight. Une
ock was taken to Knlhutty and tried
ith the coit'ee blossom when in full
com there in May; but, though honey
IS a))undant, the heat seemed to af-
ct the bees. . A rack section was
pt on the hive and a fair quantity

lioney was dejiosited. but the sec-
jns wet'e not capped.
Ootacaniund appears, in fact, to be
e best locality for bees, as there is

all times in the year an abundance

bee tloAvers in the gardens, and the
calyptus is in blossom from January

April, which yields a very superior
mey. In .Tidy and August the yel-
v\' and black wattles blossom, and
so largely yield honey. September
d October seem to be the months
ien honey gets scarce. The queen
en, to a great extent, stops laying,
d stocks should lie overhauled. In
)veml)er drones are killed, even the
ubs being removed from the hives,
irly in the year lioney seems to come

again; eight sections were taken, be-
les some well-sealed frames, for ex-
iction. In January and February it

advisable to see that the hives are
ill covered, the nights being frosty
d cold. A good gunny bag thrown
er the hive equalizes the tempera-
re, keeping off the sun by day and
3 frost by night.

[n March all the hives are at their
st, with abundance of stores and
ung brood. Racks of sections should

placed on all strong stocks. Should

' hive become crowded another inner
.'e may be added lieneath the orig-
\\ hive, which will aiford the queen
iple foom for laying, especially if
3Vided with drawn-out comb. This
11 tend to keep the stoclc from

arming, an event to be expected in

igust or September.

from a man's yard and my attention
was excited from the way the bees
were working on the bloom. 1 set
tliem out on the Ixirder of my field in
loam soil, a mere handful of plants and
in two years they have fofced their
way under unfavorable conditions to
form a large lied. They grow very
rank and bloom profusely and so on
throughout the snnnner. The bees
crowd the bloom, early and late. I am
confident that an acre of this will tide
a large apiary ovet- our destructive
rainy seasons.

No. 2 covers a field about five acres
in extent, a half mile away. The own-
er, a new-comer, calls it Japan clover.
He may be mistaken. Last summer
the field was in cow peas and beggar-
weed. Last winter it bore a crop of
oats. This summer he has stock on it.
It is pine land. The plant has fought
its way to supremacy against purs-
lane, maiden cane, dog fennel and
other thriving enemies. It is in bloom
now and has been for the past month,
while the bees are working on it
smartly, but nothing like they do on
No. 1, and only forenoons at that.

Victoria. Fla., July 7, 1904.

The specimens were received and
submitted for identification to Prof. H.
Harold Hume, State Horticulturist,
Raleigh, N. C, who was formet'ly con-
nected with the University of Florida
at Lake City. Prof. Hume writes in
response: No. 1 is Monarda puntata;No.
2. Richardia scalira. The former is
closely related to the catnip, while the
second, although frequentl.v called Jap-
an clover and Mexican clover, is not
clover at all, but belongs to the Mad-
der family. — Editor.

ORANGE BLOSSOM HONEY
SCARCE.

TWO FLORIDA NECTAR
YIELDERS.

By. W. S. Blaisdell.

^\ PAGE lis, June Bee-Keeper,
* I Mr. Harris writes of his experi-
ments with nectar producing
I nts. I offer a few lines also in evi-

C ICC.

^iiii-losed are two specimen plants
\ iili are supposed to lie, No. 1, cat-
I : No. 2, .Tapan clover. Whether or
1 t hey are so is for you to please de-
I mine.

\s to No. 1, I secured a few plants

By :M. W. Shepherd.

BRO. ITIIiL — I have kept a few bees
in tlip midst of the orange groves
and have yet my first cell of or-
ange blossom honey to see in the su-
pers. The A. I. Root Co., quotes prices
on orange honey, and .vou can't call the
quotations "inflated." Seemingly the
(luality must be low judging from
prices quoted. If I am rightly in-
formed, the name "orange blossom"
has lieen cop.vrighted by Aldeirman and
Roberts, of Wewahitchka, Fla. Prior
to the freeze of 1895 they were the
largest producers of extracted honey in

184

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

the -Uniteil States aud were located
where tliere were many hundreds of
acres of ornage groves accessible to
their bees. Perhaps Mr. Alderman
could tell something interesting about
orange blossom honey. From the
standpoint of the producer I am of the
opinion that much of the orange blos-
som honey sold was gathered from the
"Tuiielo" of West Florida.

But should not the dealers guard
against giving misleading names to
honeys from various souces? It is
asked "what's in a name?", and I
reply, "not much, generally,"' but some-
times there is too much in a name, and
then comes trouble.

Say, what color is honey from "Or-
ange blossom'?" It must be some color
and can't he all colors. Is the aroma
anything like orange bloom? If it is,
it certainly would be very offensive to
my olfactory organs to say the least,
but then, I am official smeller fcr no-
body biit myself.

Hollister. Fla., July 10, 1904.

THE MATING OF THE QUEEN.

By SwarthmoB.-e.

I HAVE this day witnessed the act of
copulation between a queen and
drone. About 2:30 o'clock in the
afternoon of Thursday. July 21, I Avas
standing near a fertilizing box filling
a feeder when my attention was at-
tracted by an uniisual commotion in
the way of extra loud buzzing, as of
drones on the wing; I looked and saw
a queen rapidly flying toward the fer-
tilizing box, evidently her home; she
was closely followed by two drones,
one of which turned and flew oft", but
the other remained in pursuit. They
were flying not six inches from the
ground and were not over eight feet
from the fertilizing box when the act
took place. It was all done so quickly
that I marvel at it and I wish to here
record the facts as I witnessed them.

I could not see that the queen was
flying in any but the natural way re-
turning to hcfi- hive, but the drone was
uniisually swift of wing. They were
both flying rapidly and as they flew
the drone made two circles about the
queen as though to head her off and as
these circles were made about the
queen she rose slightly each time.

Directly after making the second cir-
cle about the queen the drone flew at
her about as a worker flies with the
intention of stinging in earnest. His

0^ Kv^VCvHT

abdomen aaus curved and his wings
rattled in about the same manned.*. Di-
rectly the drone was in contact with
the queen there was a sudden lurch to
side and they went together to some
distance into the field until I lost sight
of them. As they flew together they
much resembled workers when they
attempt jointly to bear oft' their dead
I remained by the fertilizing box per
baps three minutes and saw the queer
retutt-n and enter bearing the marks oJ-
having met a drone. I still lingered bj
the box and soon saw a worker bean
out the tell-tale white speck. I latei
opened the box and saw the queej
bearing the usual thread.

A queen bee is tremendous swift o
wing but I am convinced that a droni
is ten times swifter, for to be able t
encircle the queen in the manner thi
on did, such must be the fact.

In the accompanying drawing I hav
attempted to picture the exact cours
of the queen and drone just previou
to actual contact.

Swarthmore, Pa.. July 21, 1904.

LAYING WORKERS.

I

By Arthur C. Miller.

N the American Bee-Keeper for An
gust, pag'e 150, Mr. McNeal. wril
ing on the question of the possibil
ity of bees rearing drones ffom egg
which would normally produce work
ers, says, "From the size of the larva
it was evident that fertile worker
were not responsible for the state o
affairs, for there had not been tim
enough to attain that size fror
eggs laid by them.'" He also say
that seven days elapsed from th
time he forced the swarm until he 83
amined and found the cenditions r(
ferred to. FurtluB', he says the force'
swarm did nothing below the excluc
er.

Taking his statements as they stan
I should sav he had been dealing wit

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

185

i'ailing quxh'ii. and that she was re-
ponsible for that cTii'ono brood. A fail-
ng- queeu will lay in either worker cf
Irone cells. But even if his queen was
lot all right the presence of drone
brood maj' have been due to laying-
workers. These so-called pests are of
far more frequent occurrence than has
lieretofcce been suspected. This has
become particularly noticeable since
he introduction of the yellow blood,
.. Syrians and Cyprians. These
ave been used to brighten Italians
nd have carried many of their traits
s well as their color.
Laying workers will appear under
11 sovts of conditions. For example,
)ne colony wj ^ accidentally divided by
wo old, black combs. The queen did
lot pass by them, and in a few days
aying workers were doing a land of-
ice business in the other half of the
irood nest. Another case was of a
irgin queen in a one-frame nucleus of
3ld bees. She mated, began to lay and
imultaneously so did the workers.
The comb was a sight. Apparently the
lueen was worthless, but the addition
if two combs of emerging brood
hanged the whole complexion of af-
ak's. The queen enlarged her work,
md though the worker's drone brood
anie to maturity, their laying stopped.
The presence of laying workers does
lot necessarily mean queenlessness,
or they are tjfteii present with a
jueen under either of the following
onditions: extremely small colony;
Absence or scarcity of young bees; a
iivided brood nest; a failing queen;
Dr before a newly introduced queen
aas got to laying. They cause but lit-
le trouble other than occupying a lit-
le Gonib which the queen could use.
They do not interfere with the safe in-
Toduction of queens when pa-oper
oaethods are followed.

A. failing queen is often said to have
?one to laying an excess of drone eggs
when as a matter of fact laying work-
rs are responsible for much of the
rouble.

In relation to failing queens it will
)e well for the novice to bear in mind
hat before he (replaces such a queen
e must be sure her daughter is not
ilready present or that a ripe cell is
lot there. I think it may be accepted
IS a law that under normal conditions
i.e., where man does not meddle or
iisturb) the new queen always nia-
iires and begins to lay before the old
3ueen disappears.
Providence. R. I.. August 10, 1904.

Calaveras, Tex., 8, s, '04.
Friend Hill—

Your answer to a previous note was
received but you did not answer a
(iuestion that I asked, viz., Color of
queens, workers and hustling qualities
and proliticness of the Punic bees, also
as to their gentleness. I would like
to see an article in the American Bee-
Keeper as to the:ii" characteristics if
you feel like giving it. You, I believe,
are testing them and no doubt others
would like to learn something of them
likewise.

On page 14.3. W. H. F. tells of bees
being killed when returned to their
own hive. Now, of course, I am not
a beginner nor am I hankering after
that dollar but. that aside, there are
some questions that might come up in
order to understand the why and
wherefore of such actions on the part
of the bees. He does not tell if honey
was coming in at the time, nor if they
were left off any length- of time. Then
returning them at night I do not think
was best, as all the old bees were at
home, also if the bees were left in a
place whei-e they might acquire a dif-
ferent odor I should expect them to
be killed. They would be as strangers
to the old colony. To sum up, it may
have been caused by, 1st, No honey
coming in; 2nd — Time of returning
them; 3rd, Too long off the hive; 4th,
Acquiring a different odor; 5th, The
presence of some stranger bees. Re-
member bees are not very discriminat-
ing when they become angry. When
they are in an angry mood from the
presence of strangee- bees they are li-
able to kill their own bees that had
been off the hive for some time and
perhaps acquired a different odor. Any
of these may have caused it. I think
along these lines may have been the
cause but it is for a different purpose
that I write this letter. I, for one,
would like to see this formaline gas •
treatment for foul brood stopped.

If it is not a complete success with
the experts (and it is not) what must
it be with the novice? It Is a danger-
ous experiment and the country will
never be free from foul brood by us-

186

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

ing fornialdeliyde. I liold that the ya!>
caimot penetrate into the mass of mat-
ter that dries down in the cell nor can
it penetrate the honey or oappings.
Undoubtedly the honey is full of the
spofes; besides if it were possible to
combine anything with the honey that
would go through it or mix with it
suffieiently to kill the spores it cer-
tainly would kill the larvae and bees
also by feeding on it. My first ex-
perience with foul brood was in Can-
ada. My bees had died out completely
or nearly so, and 1 had made arrange-
ments with Mr. J. B. Hall to let me
have swarms at $1.50. I to furnish
hives and combs. I took some half-
dozen or so hives to his place to have
swarms- put in. He was not at home
but a couple of days after I got a letter
from him telling me I had foul brood
and to come and get the hives. On
the colonies I had left I tried salycilic
acid, which they claimed at that' time
would cure it. Of course I lost "all
I had. Then again I bought an apiary
at Lake Charles. La. Did not examine
all the colonies, but it seems I got it
with the bees. I got them in the fall
and it develoiied the following spring.
I went after it with the McEvoy plan
and rooted it out: only part of the yard
was infected. I also treated a neigh-
bor's bees the spring following and
found it in one light colony which
I promptly destroyed. I extracted all
the honey from diseased colonies, cut
the combs out, scraped the frames and
scalded the hives thoroughly. The
bees I put on foundation starters, then
in two days shook them into clean
hives on full sheets of foundation. Am
using those same hives and frames to-
day. No signs of the disease since. I
boiled the honey for about an hour and
fed it back and they raised brood with
it. That was seven years ago.

As to our cro]) here this year, it will
not be more than one-fourth to one-
third of last year, or about 4.1 to .10
IiDunds. and dark (most of it) at that.
Yours, etc..

H. FMner.

In regard to Punic l)pes, we have said
all our knowledge will justify. The
ones we have are very gentle. Both
queens and workers are black. In this
namber of The Bee-Keeper will be
found quite a long article upon the
subject by Mr. John Hewitt. Avho ii;-
troduced them into England. — Editor.

September,
12. 1004.

Naples, N. Y., Auj.
Dear Sir:

I am afcaid buckwheat will not
count much for us this year. It is cool
and wet most of the time and the bees
lie still with lots of bloom about them.
We have not had a smell of buckwheat
so far.

Yours respectfully,

F. Greiner.

Haverhill. Mass., Julv ID. l'J04.
Brother Hill—

I would consider it a favor if you
should see fit to publish in the Bee-
Keeper a satisfactory method of mak-
ing soft candy for queen cages.
Very truly yours,

J. W. Small.

The most satisfactory candy for
cages of which we know is sim-
ply a combination of i^ure pulverized
sugar and good ripe honey. Some
powdered, or pulverized sugar, used
for frosting cakes, etc.. by bakers, con-
tains starch, which is injurious to
bees, and should therefore be avoided.
Coarse granulated sugar is decidedly
preferable to the adulterated variety
referred to, in powdered form. The ad-
vantage of having it powdered is that
it more readily absorbs the honey, and
in combination therewith forms a
dough- like confection which the bees
are al)le to eat entirely; while the
coarse granules of the ordinary granu-
lated article are too large for them to
take. The in'ocess of making is sim-
ply mixing and kneading the honey
and sugar together thoroughly. It
should be made quite stiff — working in
all the sugar the honey will take. The
inexperienced manipulator will more
likely err on the side of making it too
thin than getting in too much sugar;
and greater danger lies in the possi-
l)ility of the bees l)ecoming drabl)led
in the honey than in their inal)ility to
use a candy containing an excess of
sugar. It should be pressed firmly in-
to the cage, the walls of which should
be made non-al)sorbent l)y an applica-
tion of paraffin or wax. — Editor.

NEW ZELAND.
Marton. N. Z., July 12, 1004.

Dear Mr. Hill

At the present time we are in the
midst of our winter, which lias been
fairly good so far as l)ee-keei)ing inter-
ests are concerned. Our last honey sea-
son closed rather suddenly in March,
with but a small croii.

1 '. M )4

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

187

Swarming was very general througli-
liiii New Zealand last season, whicli
w.is donbtless a result of the scarcity
(>r lorage. This seems to be the case
111 re every alternate year.

There is now a great quantity of
• ululterated honey on the market,
branded, "Pure Clover Honey."' There
is scarcely any honey about it, it lie-
ii:i: composed chiefly of sugar with a
slight admixture of honey. At the rate
tins stuff is getting into the markets
it will be but a short time until the
liouey trade is ruined.

State aid is to be again brought be-
lurc the govenment this winter ses-
sion, by :Mr. Isaac Hopkins of Auck-
land and the writer. It is proi)Osed to
Hist have an experienced bee-keeper
u(i around and lecture on bee-keeping
and at the same time form bee-keep-
irs" associations. By this system the
l:(i\ eminent will then see by the report
sent in by the one lecturing what is re-
I mired and then take steps to carry

ip.t the proposed system of helping to
<\\ell the industry. It was rumored
that an expert had been appointed "at
!i(ime'' but thi.s, I am glad to relate, is
initrue and a good thing, too. for by
^uch an action as that, it would sim-
ply kill the prospects of the industry
fdi'ever more.

Another honey poisoning case has
taken place at Auckland. The follow-

iig I take from an Aukland paper. This
is the fourth case of its kind that has
happened up there and is due to the

ircsence of a plant called '"waikariki,"
\vliieh blooms in May:

POISONED BY HONEY,

A Shooting Party's Experiences.
Thames, Thursday.

A most regrettable honey -poisoning
ncident occurred yestei'day to a duck-
hooting party up the Piako River, as
:he result of which two men are now
n the hospital dangerouslj' ill, whilst
wo others had a narrow escape from

similar result.

The party comprised four well-
mown Ponsonl)y gentlemen — viz.,
Messrs. G. Carder. E. Owen dioth of
he firm ofc Carder Brothers and Co.),
Arthur Cooper, and .Tames William
)ldham; also a ^Maori named Thomp-
lon Hughes, the latter having joined
he party at Kerepehi as a guide.

On Friday night last the party pro-
'eeded up the Piako River in an oil
aunch, and went about 12 miles above
he junction with the Waitoa River.

All went well until yesterday morning,
when the party discovered n quantity
of wild honey in an old Ma< ri whare.
situated in the k.-iliikatea l)usli, near
Moi'risville.

At first the Em-opean meml)ers held
aloof from eating any of the honey,
but being eventually assured ))y
Hughes (the Maori), who partook of it
pretty freely, that it was all right,
Cooper and Owen finally sampled it,
the former especially eating a fair
(luantity. This was at eleven a. m. At
two p.m. they ate some mcf-'e of the
honey, being joined on this occasion
by Carder, but Oldham declined to par-
ticipate.

About half past two the honey be-
gan to affect the Maori, who was taken
in the form of a tit, and soon after-
wards Cooper developed symptoms of
poisoning by violent vomiting.

Shortly afterwards Carder and Ow-
en also began to feel bad, but Owen
at once took an emetic and kept on do-
ing so. the others, however, declined
to follow his example.

Immediately on the Maori and Coop-
er being taken ill theif comrades put
them on lioard the launch, and made a
start for the Thames, but by the time
Kerepehi was reached the former two
were unconscious, and Carder and Ow-
en were gradually becoming weaker.
Owen, however, was the only one who
could manage the oil engine, and bad
as he was he manfully remained at his
post until Thames was reached, at
about half past nine p.m., whilst Old-
ham did what he could in looking after
those who were so ill.

As soon as possible, Oldham came
ashore, informed the hospital-author-
ities through the telephone what had
occurred, and then assisted by Consta-
ble Blake, the four sufferers were con-
veyed in a cab to that institution,
wlxei-e emetics were administered, and
the stomach pumi» used.

Carder's and Owen's condition at
this time, however, was not considered
serious enough for them to remain in
the hospital, but at a later hour Owen
began to feel bad again, and was re-
admitted. He, however, is now nearly
all right again, and so is Carder.

Cooper and the ^laori were in a bad
condition, and remained unconscious
all through the night and today, de-
spite the efforts made l)y Dr. Aubin
and the hosjiital staff to relieve them.
Towards evening, however. Cooper be-
gan to show signs of regaining con-
sciousness, and now seems to be in a

188

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

fair way toward recovery. The Maori
still remains unconscious, but there
seems to be a slight change for the bet-
ter setting in.

Owen deserves credit for the pluck
he exhibited in sticking to his post at
the engine, for had he not done so it is
hard to say what would have become
of the party, as he alone, as previously
stated, knew how to manage the oil
engine.

The inquiry at the hospital at nine
o'clock to-night elicited the fact that
both Cooper and Hughes (the Maori)
are now conscious and progressing fa-
vorably towards recovery, although
not yet considered out of danger.

In connection with the above. Mr.
Isaac Hopkins, apiarist, of Auckland,
informs us that the only plant likely to
cause poisoning at the present time is
the waikariki, a plant which much re-
sembles watercress, and has a yellow
blossom. The plant is in l)lo()m this
month. Mr. Hopkins advises that care
should be exercised not to eat wild
honey at the present season of the
year, as the honey will almost invari-
ably be found to be poisonous.

Hardscrabble Interviewed.

To the Readers of the American Bee-
Keeper: —

At the request of the editor I have
undertaken to commune with the spirit
of the late Deacon Hardscrabble and
to report to the editor the results there-
of. I have already had one "inter-
view" with the Deacon (the substance
of which follows) and expect to be
able to have others from time to time.
If the results are fragmentaiy, blam'e
not me, for spirits are "notional" and
the Deacon is very far from being an
exception to the rule. Not behig a
professional medium. I beg you will
forgive my passing incognito and per- ,
mit me to sign myself

July 5, 1904. Merlin.

THE NATIONAL CONVENTION.
To American Bee-Keeper Readers: —

The annual convention of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association will
be held September 27-30. in the audi-
torium of the Christian Endeavor
Hotel, within one hundred feet of the
south entrance of the St. Louis Faii\
Vice-rres. C. P. Dadant has .iust re-
turned from the fair and has secured
the best possible for the members.

Special rates: — Send at once 50c.
to General INIanager N E. France of
Platteville, Wis., to secure charter certi-
ficate to insure your special rates at
above hotel. $1 a day lodging, or $2 a
day. boai-(d and i lodging. OtheiTvlse
higher rates will be charged. Make it
a point to attend the fair the week be-
fore or after the convention, and thus
continue your board I'ates. Other
hotels near, but higher rates charged.
Market St. street cars west l)ound in
front of Union depot will bring you to
above hotel without transfer. Missouri
State Bee-Keepers' convention in same
ball Sept. 2B.

N. E. France.

The subject of foul brood legislation
is agitating the minds of beedom in
the British Isles.

The Deacon's Message.

"A-h-h-h-h-h! You mortals are
bloomin stupid! Here I've been a try-
in all these months to make Harry un-
derstand me and t'is but now that he
l;as become cognizant of my presence
and been bright enough to get someone
as knows, to talk with me. Well that
was bright anyhow — durn sight mor'n
,some folks know. I uster tell hira
'twas powerful bad a doin of so much
work nights, but twas mightj^ fortunate
arter all. else I 'low I'd never a got his
attention.

"I've just been all stirred up a want-
in to say things to the boys and I'm
right glad to get the chance.

"No. you mustn't ask no questions as
to why I am still interested in mundane
things or what I be a doin here, for if
you do I'll get called off. It's agin
ther rules.

"Say but there is one powerful ad-
vantage in a lookin' at things from
here, the perspectjv,e is most bee-auti-
ful. Its plumb funny to see the boys a
tumbling over theirselves to laud and
worship every new star — provided he
looks big enough. Now there's a chap in
York State 'lows as how taint possible
to overstock a locality, that he's got
hundreds of colonies in a spot. Then,
b'gosh, right in the same breath almost
he" says he feeds TONS o^ SUGAR.
Wal, there is ,some truth ii> sayin' yer
can't overstock a sugar refinery loca-
tion. D'ye spose he'd dare flavor that
syrup strong with onions? No, not by
the great Horn Spoon.

"W^ho is he? Ask W. Z. of the Re-
view. He is responsible for pasting
him up in the bee-keepers firmament.

THE DEACON INVADES THE EDITORIAL SANCTL^M.

"Swift as thought the flitting shade
"Thro' air his momentary journey made."'

190 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Septeml)ei-.

"The bad part of it is W. Z. eiKlorses In accorclaiice with the foregoing. 1
the lu-aetiee. so do a lot of the BIG hereby asli all members of the ^Nation-
producers, so do the Gleaning"s folks, al Bee-Keepers' Association to write
If you will just sort of cast your eye me their choice of men as candidares
over the writing of the boys as tells of for the following offices:
the big yields you'll find every durned To succeed .Tas\ U. Harris, of Grand
one of them says they feed early, feed Junction, Colo., as President,
late, feed between times, feed slowly. To succeed C. P. Dadant, of Ham-
I'eed steadily, feed any old way, only ilton. Ills., as Vice-President.
FEED. Why say, the boys would tar To succeed Geo. AY. Brodbeck, of
and featlier the chap as should get Los Angeles, Calif., as Secretary,
through a law a compellin' of em to To succeed N. E. France, of Platte-
flavor their syrup right up strong. ville. Wis., as General Manager.

"Oh the wickedness of the Korn To succeed E. Whitcomb. "of Friend,
Syrup folks and the sinful cussedness Neb., as Director.

of the fellers as mixes in a little glu- To succeed W. Z. Hutchinson, of
cose to keep the honey from candying. Flint. Mich, as Director.
Don't you see them fellers is without To succeed Udo Toepperwein, of
the ring, they don't belong to the graft. San Antonio, Texas, as Director.
They don't keep bees, they're rank out- October 1st the votes will be count-
siders. they're SCABS. Oh! ho! ho! ho! ed, and the names of the two men re-
Say, its just royally l)lamed funny. ceivlng the most votes for each respec-
"Bees eat up the feed afore it gets five office will be published in the bee
into the surplus crop. You say color it journals, then, in November, a postal
sky blue or flavor it rank and taste for card ballot will be taken which will
yourself. No don't give one little dose, decide which of the nominees shall
just 'feed accordin to the rules.' early hold the office,
often and always. Send all votes to

"There aint no such thing as 'o^Aer- N. E. FRANCE,

stocking' so long as sugar holds out. Plattevilfe, Wisconsin.

'If this be treason, make the most of —

It. A-h-h-h-h-h." NOTICE TO FOREIGN P.ITRONS.

" Fort Pierce, Florida, Is not a foreign

NATIONAL BEE-KEEPERS' AS- money order office, hence orders drawn

SOCIATION upon this office cannot be cashed.

_____" ■ Please make all such orders payable at

Officers to be Nominated in Advance of *'^*^ -Tamestown, N. Y., postoffice, to the

Election order of the American Bee-Keeper or

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Companv.

One of the latest amendments to the

constitution of the National Bee-Kee])- Mr. S. T. Pettit, of Canada, it is said,
ers' Association provides that the tests the atmosphere for humiditv by
Board of Directors may "prescribe placing a i)inch of salt on a board in
equitable rules and regulations gov- the extracting room. If the salt at-
erning the nomination for the several tracts moisture from the air, extracting
officers," and the Board has just decid- is deferred until It becomes dry, thus
ed that the General Manager shall, in showing that conditions are safe for
August, publish in the bee journals a handling honey. Owing to the well-
call for a postal card vote of the mem- known affinit.v' of honey for moisture,
bers of the Associati.m for the nomi- such a precaution, and the means are
nation of candidates for the several all right. This is a point, however, in
offices (stating the offices) to ))e filled which "locality" figures to the most
at the next election. On October 1st extreme extent. It is probably a pra-
the General Manager and one other lical plan in some certain localities, but
disinterested member chosen annually during a great part of the year in the
by the Board of Directors, shall count arid West, every particle of moisture
the votes, and the two men receiving would be .?oon tjiken from the salt and
the greatest number of votes for each it would remain perfectly dry. except-
respective office are to be candidates ing at night. On the othtn- hand, if one
for said office; the names of the nom- were to be guided In- the condition of
inees and the officers for which they the salt in South Florida, he would
are nominated to be published, AT probably have to wait for mouths for it
ONCE, in the bee journals. to become drv.

► ♦»♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦

THE

Bee « Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

BRAZIL.

Uiulei' the initials .J. v. B., ;i (lesc-rip-
tioii of ail ant, very hostile to the hon-
i*y bee, is given in the Bienen-Vater.
The ant is small, hiiii-dly one centimeter
in length, reddish in color, and very
strong. t:'he lives in hollow and de-
cayed logs, and trees, nnder stones and
other hiding places. Attacks on bees
are made only dnring the night. The
first colony, the writer says, he had
was completely destroyed the first
night. Colonies i>nrchased afterward
were placed on cement foundations
and surrounded by water. But even
this did not always prove effectual.
Sometimes a palm leaf would drop
from overhead touching a hive at some
point and thus form a convenient
kc'idge for the robber ants; or a blade
of grass would find a lodging place in
the water some way as to form a
bridge etc., etc. The ants would al-
ways be very quick to take advantage
of any such accident. The first ant
Avhich succeeds and reaches the hive
entrance returns to its home and
spreadsthe news and an army of ants
at once starts out. A short battle is
fought at the entrance. It fequires
two bees to kill one ant and they have
to make the atLick together, one from
the rear, the other from the front, and
even then one of the bees generally
loses its life in the battle. If the ant
colony is a populous one. and they vnn
fall upon a lie^ colony with an ai'niy
from ().0(l() to 20,()()() strong, the swarm
is soon whipped out. At first the bees
fight like tigers, but after a while they
become discouraged and then only tiy
to fill themselves witli honey. The
ants, however, are not satisfied to take
possession of the stores, their aim also
is to kill or so mutilate all the bees as
to make them useless for the future.
They do this by cutting off their wings
and then dragging them out of the
hives. A strong ant colony often
cleans out a hive in one night com-
pletely, bees, honey and brood. The
writer of the article says that he has

seen armies of ants sevtcal millions
strong and that he has not found a
practical method to destroy them.

RUSSIA.
A peculiar method of migratory bee-
keeping is practiced in Russia on the
larger rivers flowing south, according
to the Rhein. Btzg. Large log rafts
are constructed and covered with soil
upon which some gardening is done.
An apiary is located upon it and the
attendants put up a tent for their shel-
ter. I surmise the moving is done
nights, rests are taken during daytime.
The rafts are floated down the rivers
during the season. The final stop is
made at the end of the season in a sec-
tion of the country whose timbe*r is
scarce. The rafts are taken apart and
the timbers sold. Bees and honey are
disposed of and the attendants make
their way homeward by rail or steam-
boat.

ENGLAND AND IRELAND.
The British Bee Journal reports
heavy winter losses throughout the
Empire. Never before have bee-keep-
ers had so many weak colonies in the
spring.

GERMANY.

A good, honey crop is reported from
many places in Germany. The win-
ter iKis been mild and the spring early.

Fcft- years I have had a feeling that
the writings of the American Bee-Mas-
ters did not receive consideration
of the German bee-keepers as they
should. The editor of Gleanings has
of late expressed a similar opinion in
his .lournal wliic-h induces Pfr. Buch-
holz to niiiJve the following reply in
Deutsche Bienenzucht: It is an undis-
putable fact that we in Germany may
learn a good d«kal from the Amen-ican-
bee-keepers; but when all one's knowl-
edge of a foreign people is based upon
translations, misconceptions often re-

192

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

suit. The masses, of course, are de-
pending upon the transhitions for then-
information." As a matter of fact, he
— Buchholz — practices American meth-
ods in reafinu' queens and rears fine
queens.

To improve the bee-pasturage the
bee-keepers of a certain district haye
put the following plan in opera-
tion: Each bee-keeper pays five cents
for every colony owned into a com-
mon fund. The money is used in pur-
chasing phacelia-seed which is distrib-
uted gratis to such bee-keepers and
farmers who will agree to sow the seed
upon their lands within reach of the
bees. A part of the money raised has
been used for planting out Avillow
ti'ees.

AUSTRIA.
It may be noticed that a great deal
more artistic taste is exhibited in the
construction of bee hives in p:ngland,
Germany, etc., than is customary in
America. In Carniola. a province of
Austria, it is an old time custom to
decorate hives very fancifully. Scenes
from Biblical history are ve"y com-
monly represented in fancy colors upon
the fronts of hives, also historical facts
as relating to the history of the coun-
try. The common customs of the peo-
ple receive attention also, and the
humorous side is frequently brought
out in a striking manner. Some of the
oldcf pieces are real pieces of art well
worth preserving. Professor Benton
was showing such a one at a bee-keep-
ers" meeting a year or two ago. The
Americans always have and do yet
push the practical side of the business
only. Their hives are mmle simple and
most convenient to handle.

SWITZERLAND.

The '"Societe des Apiculteurs
Suisses" has just pulilished its annual
report covering the work done du-ing
last year at its diflPerent stations. The
report is well printed, with maps, en-
gravings, half-tones, etc. .\mong the
advices and other items given, the etl-
itor of the Rucher Beige has translated
the following:

Avoid air currents striking the en-
trances of the hives. The nearest bees,
the ones on the outside of the clusters,
are sometimes chilled and being un-
able to move to a warmer place, fall to
the bottom of the hive and die. Ac-
cording to some of the reports the loss
may be much greater than usually sup-

posed. Some protection should be pro-
vided, (in Europe the bees are win-
tered out of doors.)

2. Avoid disturbing them. A knock
on the hive will bring out a dozen or
more bees which get chilled and are
unable to return. Even if they do not
actually come out of the hive they
leave the cluster, and are chilled be-
fore regaining their place.

o.~ The minimum consumption of
honey for the months of November,
Deeembtc and .lanuary was five and
one-half pounds. For Feltruary and'
March seven and one half pounds. For
the five months 13 pounds. The larger
quantity during the last two months
is due to brood rearing. One colony
went through with only a little less
than eight pounds while another con-
sumed nearly 22 pounds.

4. It is best not to visit the hives
when the bees make their first flying
out. They are apt to ball the (lueeu.

^h Early in the spring the bees con-
sume whatever is left of their winter
stores and raise a considerable amount
of brood. These stores are soon used
up, and when IJiey are, the bees de-
p;nid iipon what they gather to raise
brood. As the bad weather often in-
terferes with the gathering.the amount
of brood is necessarily curtailed in pro-
I)ortion (unless the apiarist feeds), and
when the flow comes, there is not the
population to gather it. that otherwise
would have been.

G. Honey is better than sugar for
spring feeding. Probably because it
contains .some pollen. The provision of
pollen, like that of honey, may be too
short.

7. Have none but strong colonies.
A good way to strengthen a weak col-
ony is to add a swarm to it. keeping
the queen of the swarm rather than
that of the colony. Very often the
weakness of a colony is due to the un-
prolificness of the queen.

8. "Many swarms, little surplus."
A proof of this was seen at the Alt-
staetten station. Two colonies of equal
force had worked etpially well up to
the time of swarming. The colony A
swarmed; colon.v B didn't. Here is
what surplus they produced during the
three months:

May June July Total

Colony A 17 11-3 3 211-3

Colony B 5.i 2-3 3 1-2 4 1-2 63 2-3

The swarming of A occurred in the
middle of the main surplus flow which j
that year was of rather short dura
tion.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

193

9. The report lias a chiirt in eulcn's
showing the amount of nectar brouglit
daily bj' several colonies on scales, and
also the amounts consumed, taken out.

The best colony of the 29 stations
gave a surplus of 122 pounds. During
only 21 days, the daily amount brought
in amounted to four pounds or over.
The remainder of the season it was
much lower.

Another colony on scales gave only
33 pounds of surplus. Dut'ing only lu
days the daily amount brought in (as
sliown by the sea lei reached between
two and three pounds. All this shows
how few are the days during which
the bees can gather large amounts of
nectar, and how necessary it is to
have the strongest possible colonies
Avhen such days happen.

10. The atmospheric electricity has
an influence on tlie jiroduction of the
nectar. During the stofmy or threat-
ening days, the positive electricity of
the atmosphere is constantly passing
in the ground and accelerates the
movement of the sap, the growth of
the plants and the other features of
vegetation. If, now, tlie ground is rich
and sufficiently wet, the production of
nectar will be increased. If the op-
posite conditions prevail, the flow of
nectac will be diminished. Sometimes
in dry weather, a stormy condition of
the atmosphere can cut ofE the flow
entirely. That this double action ex-
ists has been shown by sulimittlng
plants cultivated in pots to an electric
current.

11. To cufe foul brood, it is recom-
mended to take away the combs, shut
the bees in a box without food during
two days and return them after hav-
ing disinfected the hive thoroughly. If
tlie apiary has been badly diseased, the
advice is given to move it elsewhere.
Weak colonies should be united.

12. In most localities (in Switzer-
land) the main honey flow is during
the last half of May.

In one of the bulletins of the Suisse
Romande Society is an interesting
work on lioney, by Prof. F. Seller. The
only part really new is on the produc-
tion of the different kinds of honey
dew. Here is what he says:

"The bees also gather honey dew
chiefly at the base of the leaf stems.
The honey from that source is of a
greenish-brown colcf, very thick, and
of a peculiar strong taste. It is not ob-
tained every ,vear. It is found on fruit
trees only when the crop of fruit will
be absent or very short. This honey

dew is formed )iy tlie materials which
ouglit to liave fiUed the fruits, ^^■hen
tliere is no ffuit to till, these materials
exude chiefly at the base of tlie leaf
stems. The.v contain a small i^rojtor-
tion of sugar, but are chiefly formed of
dextrine. The dextrine is a gum verj'
similar, cliemically speaking, to the
different fruit sugars. The bees gather
it and transform it into honey in the
same manner in wliicli tliey transform
tlie nectar of tlie blossoms. However,
the transformation is not complete.
A portion of it remains unchanged, and
it is that portion which gives the hon-
ey dew its particular consistency." —
Le Rucher Beige.

FRANCE.
A discussion on the use of colonies
on scales, and the meaning of the fig-
ures in regard to the evaporation of
nectar, consumption of the bees for
living, ixoducing wax, raising brood,
etc., is going on in the Apiculteur be-
tween Messrs. Sylviac and Boris
Spoerer. The whole thing does not
seem very clear except one point. Up
to this day it has l>een admitted that
the amount of nectar gathered by the
bees amounts to the difference in
weight of the hive between early in
the morning and late at night. But it
is more than that. The honey or nee-
tar evaporates during the day as well
as dux'ing the night; the bees eat, se-
crete wax and feed the brood as well
during the day as during the night.
So the difference in weight between
morning and niglit does not show the
whole amount lirought in. but only
that amount less what is consumed or
evaporated. Now suppose a hive
weighs 40 pounds in the morning and
.")0 in the evening and 45 the next
morning. Five pounds will have been
consumed and evaporated dtiring the
night. Certainly something like five
pounds must also have been used up
during the day. So the l>ees must
have lirought in not only the 10 pounds
shown by the scale (the difference be-
tween .">0 and 40) but also five pounds
consumed ducing the day, that is 15
pounds in all. — L'Apiculteur.

To prepare l>arrels for honey Mr.
Bourgeois gives the following: Use
barrels with iron hoops. Thoroughly
dry them in tlie sun before using.
Drive the iiooiis as tight as possible
and put in a few nails to keep them
from slipping. Coat the inside with
glue or gelatin. — L'Apiculteur.

194

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

Remember the bis National conven-
tion at St. Louis, the 27 th to 30th of
tliis month, in Endeavor hotel near
south entrance to fair grounds.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

Mr. Leo F. Hanegan, the hustling
general manager of the St. Croix Val-
ley (Wis.) Honey Prodiicer's Associa-
tion,' is endeavoring to arrange for a
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co, tourist ear and bee^-keepers enough to
PROPRIETORS. fill it, from St. Paul to the St. LouLs

H. E. HILL, - EDITOR, couventlon.

FORT PIERCE, FLA. ■

• Comb honey producers who tind

Terms. Cuban competition an obstacle in the

o^nt!*^'?''^"**-'^ ^*i%A '"i?*^'''",''*'' - ''^P'" ^-^ ^'^■a.v of successful future operations

cents. 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one • \ t. a ^ -i. i • i i 4. .t +i •

postoffice. ^ ^ ' ^ '■'^ ""^ might iind it advisable to convert their

Postage prepaid in the United States and holdings into cash and join the ranks
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the of the speculators at Havana. Buv it
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other • ^i i i ^.i

countries. u^ tli6 comb cheaper than we can pro-

Advertising Rates. duce it, with no winter losses or foul

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per brood tO Contend with.

inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-

tions; seven per cent, for three insertions; Brother Adelsbnuo-h of the Western

twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. cioiuei .^uetsuaugu, or nie \\ l hceili

Advertisements must be received on or be- Bee Journal proves to be a veritable

fore the 15th of each month to insure inser- shark in the iournalistlc swini. Not COll-

tion in the month followine. . . ..i , " ^^■ ., n -i. ..^j. ^

Matters relating in any way to business **'"* With handling the PacitlC States

should invariably be addressed to Bee .Journal, he swallowed the Kiicky

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, ^ Mountain Bee Journal a few months

Articles for publication or leUers ^cb,' ^' =^-»' '^"^1 "^W lias taken in the South-

for the editorial department may be addressed h\nd Queeu, Of Texas. So far as OUr

*o H. E. HILL, knowledge goes, he now has a corner

Subscribers receiving their"'' pa^jer"in ^'blue "" western bee journals. SuCCeSS to lliS

w_rapper will know that their subscription ex- enterprise.

pires with this number. We hope that you

will not delay favoring us with a renewal. „,. ^, , , . . , ^,

A red wrapper on your paper inaicates that W. Iv. MoiTlSOn. lU la,st Gleanings

you owe for your subscription. Please give corroborates his former Statement that
the matter your earliest attention. America has nothing to fear from for-

eign competition, and Editor Root con-
curs. A letter from an Indianapolis
dealer dated August 16, concludes;
"Comb honey situation very much de-
moralized here on account of a lot of
Cuban honey which sells at eleven and
three-fourths cents." The 'future"
may be all right — we don't know as to
that — but heaven knows the ])reseiit is
bad enough, from the standpoint of the
American honey producer.

Adultoration is a universal evil,
with which the producer of all lands
has to contend.

As a result of the persistent visits
of Deacon Hard.scrabble and the bat-
tery of cameras which have been setfor
him for some weeks, our readers are
this month given a glimps-e of our
private sanctum and the fountain head
from which this department of Tlie
Bee-Keeper emanates.

Tlie bee-keeper who extracts green,
raw honey for the market is a foe no
less to be dreaded than the adulterator.
Seeking a personal gain in quantity, a
victim of his own ignorance, he deals
himself the hardesr blow; for while his
own crop is not perceptibly increased,
the quality i.s such as to preclude a sec-
ond .sale to a customer; and the ten-
dency is to disgust those who might
otherwise become habitual users of our
product.

1904

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK.

195

H. C. (MOREHOUSE DEAD.

While the forms for the August Bee-
Keeper were on the press, the follow-
ing- announcement was received:

Boulder, Colorado, July 26, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I am pained to have to report to you
the death of our mutual friend. Harry
Clinton Morehouse, editor of the
"Rocky Mountain Bee Journal" former-
ly of this city. Deatli occured Sunday
morning at 3:30 after an eight day's
illness; cause, appendicitis. He was a
very prominent man in this city, espe-
cially in his business among bee-keep-
ers. He leaves a young wife and son
fifteen months old. together with a wid-
owed mother. I am reporting this by
request of the wife, being a long time
friend of the family.

Respectfullj'.

Leo Vincent.

HARRY CLINTON MOREHOUSE.

Thus we have to chronicle the demise
of one of the most promising and dis-
tinguished of the younger members of
tlie apiarian craft. Mr. Morehouse
Avas 35 years of age and was until re-
cently the editor and publisher of the
Rocky Mountain Bee Journal, one of
the most ably edited journals of
America. The fi*aternity has sustain-
ed a great loss through his death,
which comes as a severe shock to his
host of friends and admirers from
ocean to ocean.

The American Bee-Keeper extends
assurances of its condolence with the
liereaved family.

Through the courtesy of the Bee-
Keepers' Review we present herewith
a portrait of our dejiarted brother.

BEES, OUR THEME.

The fact, long established and un-
questioned, that the bee keeping fra-
ternity is composed A^ery largely of
broad-minded, deeji-thinking, liberal
and courteous genilomen, is, we are
sure, well founded. It is not so very re-
cently, however, that we made the dis-
covery that there are some who are
just the least bit peculiar. Though
the ratio is, undoubetedly, low, the
writer is not so sure that we haven't a
slight sprinkling of cranks whose hob-
bies run counter and ci'iss-cro,ss, in
divers ways. Puobably there is no
other point at which these freak no-
tions and pet hobbies collide so
frequently as in the sanctum of the
editor of a bee journal.

Evei-y enthusiafit, or nearly so.
craves publicity for the theories and
notions which he ,so tenaciously
adheres to. May be they are sacred
truths; that's not for us to determine,
unless the subject relates directly to
bees or bee culture. This journal cuts
out "kindred topics." "home de-
liartments," and all other side-shows.
^Ye are running a bee journal, solely
and exclusively; and yet certain cor-
respondents think unkindly of us be-
cause political convictions which
weigh heavily upon their minds are
not found available. Another who
takes a deep interest in religious work
persists in infusing his personal beliefs
and deductions into_ his contributions
to a bee paper, and calls us narrow-
minded because our mission is not
tlie promulgation or I'eligious doctrine.
Then, there's the fellow who can't
write a paragraph without straining
himself to deliver a thrust at those who
have espoused Christianity, and min-
gles his bee talk with sneers and belit-
tling insinuations; and then he is mad
clear through because it does not ap-
pear in print in The Bee-Keeper. He
then feels it his duty to enlighten the
editor, at great length, upon the subject
of journalistic ethics, and particularly
to define the limit of the editorial
prerogative. In fact, to fully explain
why it is that The Bee-Keeper is not
more important and more widely cir-
culated. The "reason" is, of course,
because we don't know how to run a
paper and haven't sense enough to ab-
sorb the excellent ad-\ice of our emi-
nently competent correspondent.

Now, we had no intention of taking so
much space to speak of this matter;

196 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. September,

but iu as mucb as we are all concerned WHERE THEY GET ORANGE
in tbe subject matter of The Bee- BLOOM HONEY.

Keeper, it may be well to exhaust the

question before concluding, which may The following is from the Bee-Keep-
be briefly done: ers' Review for August: "Pure orange

Every publication has its peculiar bloom honey is something secured in
style — its likes and dislikes. Our large quantities; so writes Mr. Frank
preference, first, last and all the time, McNay, of Redlands, California. He
is for articles the publication of which says that near the coast, in California,
will interest or instruct bee-keepers, the weather is seldom suitable (too
separate and apart from all "home," cool) when orange blooms to seciu-e
religious, political, medical or other much surplus from that source, b'lt,
foreign sub.iects. We want to discuss farther inland, at Redlands, for in-
bees. We are always in need of good stance, which is SO miles from the
articles of this kind; but if the reader coast, the weather is warmer when the
has some personal grudge which he orange is in bloom, and beelveepers se-
seeks to proclaim indirectly, concealed cure not only barrels, but tons and ear-
in an article purporting to deal with loads of pure orange bloom honey."
any apiarian question, send it to some Yet we have said, and repeat, that
othfer journal. We don't Avant it. but once in our life have we been per-

We have recently been forbidden to mitted to taste what was said to be
edit the copy of a correspondent, for pure orange blossom honey. And this
the reason that unnecessary and un- "once" was in a grocery store in Red-
charitable rleference to those who lands, California, where it was on ex-
adhere to the Christian faith was cut hibition as a novelty, in a two-quart
out, in a former article. It is our jar, conspicuously labeled. That was
most earnest endeavor to treat every in 1891, at which time the writer was
correspondent in a fair and courteous engaged in the apiaries of Messrs.
manner; but it must be emphatically Wheeler & Hunt, embracing something
and specifically understood that if cor- like 2000 colonies of bees, nearly 200 of
respondents do not wish the editor to which were within the corporate limits
take such liberties with their copy, of Redlands, surrounded by gi'oves in
they themselves should cut out all such full bloom. Still other hundreds were
lines before mailing it. situated near Riverside. Several

It is by no means necessary that cars of honey were loaded at Colton
matter for publication should be in ac- and San Bernardino under the writer's
cord with the editor's personal ideas; direction; but, be it known, they were
but so far as petty "scraps" and re- not loaded with orange bloom honey.
Jigious references are concerneiV, iil Conditions may be different now, and
must pass his scrutiny. We are not in Mr. McNay probably knows whereof he
the business to insult one patron simp- speaks; but the fact remains that the
ly to gratify another, nor, indeed, to writer does not believe that he has ever
gratify any cheque. seen enough honey from the orange

One bee-keepers' society officially bloom to fill a sixty-pound tin can.

notifies this office that unless we see fit

to publish any matter entirely as siib- WESTERN ILLINOIS CONVENTION.

mitted, we must ignore it, and make no ■

comment. This is a most absurd idea. The Western Illinois Bee-Keepers'
Infoi-mation relating to public matters Convention will meet Sept. 20th at the
which affects our pursuit, and through courthouse in Galesburg, Ills. Con-
public channels received, we presume vention will begin at 9 o'clock a. m.
may be freely discussed by individuals All who are interested in bees or bee-
or the press. An organization which keeping are cordially invited to attend,
seeks to throttle free speech, or one whether members or not.
which assays to bulldoze the trade E. D. Woods, Sec.
press should remove its quarters to J. E. Johnson, Pres.
other than American soil.

The extreme importance of unity in In competition with an official trade
our fraternal ranks at the present mark or seal of the National Bee-Keep-
t'me should overshadow petty squab- ers' Association, the adulterator would
bles. The situation demands seiious find his nefarious trade less lucrative
unprejudiced thought and consistent than at present; and his loss would be
action. the gain of the honest producer of pure

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDlisA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

^ UEENS from Jamaica any day in the
< year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
;ct tested, $1.50. Our queens are reared from
le very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
a-Mar P O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113 PROVI-
DENCE, R. I., is tilling orders for the popu-
ir, hardy, honey-getting Providence strain of
;ueens. Write for free information.

H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO
->• (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
lolden yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan
ueens, bred from select mothers in separate
piaries.

OHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.

sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold

1 Italian queens that skill and experience

an prodluce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No

'isease.

^ UIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
<! ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
ley wintered on their summer stands within
few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
ree Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

\J J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGPVILLE, PA., breed-
' * er of Choice Italian Bees and Queens,
uality, not quantity, is my motto.

o WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
v-5 MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS? If so I
can furnish you queens of the following races
by return mail : Three- and flve-banded Italians,
Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carniolans and Albinos.
Untested of either race, 75c each; select untested,
$1.00 each; six for $1.00: twelve for $8.00; tested,
of either race, $2.00 each; six for $10.00; one dozen
$18.00; Breeders, $4. -50 each. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas Aug 5

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and Carniolans. We guarantee salt
arrival. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MiCH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.00.

IVA OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

pUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
^ carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt «& Co.,
Sheffield, England. 4

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I ex-
tracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903. Thos.
Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

I

HONEY DEALERS^ PIRECTORyI

^" Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^gt

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, _ and _ state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices,
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(5-5)

We are always in the marktt for extracted
honej', as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denver, Colo. 5-i

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South Wate
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

HONEY AND BEESW^AX

MARKET.

Denver, Aug. 16. — Supply of extracted honey is
good. Demand only fair as there is so much
fruit. We quote today : No. I white comb, per
case, $2.75; No. 2, S2.50; extracted, 6?-i-7i4 in a
local way. Demand light. Beeswax. 22 to 25c.
Colorado Honey Producers' Assn.,
1440 Market Street.

Cincinnati, July 29.— Tlie supply of honey at
the present time is limited, with but moderate
demand. New honey is beginning to arrive. We
quote our market today as follows : Amber ex-
tracted in barrels and cans, ^^i-Cilic. White
clover extracted 6y«-Se. Comb honey, (demand
limited) 13-14c for fancy and No. 1 Beeswax
29c. The Fred W. Muth Co.,

No. 51 Walnut St. Cincinnati, 0.

Marton, New Zealand, July 10.— The honey
markets are very firm at present and will con-
tinue so for some time to come. The demand for
pure honey cannot be supplied, owing to the
slack sy.stem of bee-keeping in New Zealand,
The extracted market is as high at present as in
years, while the market for comb is good. I
quote ruling prices for the American Bee-Keepcr
today as follows : Extracted, in bulk, 11 to 13c.
In tin cans, 12c per lb. Strained honey, 8 to 10c.
Comb, per dozen pound-sections, 82.00 to 82.50.
G. J. S. Small

Boston, July 8— Our market on honey, bof
comb and extracted, is practically in a slumbei
ing condition as there is really no call whatevei
Prices remain as before quoted, but are really or
ly nominal. Blake, Scott iV Lee.

Cent=a=Word Columm

"INCREASE" is the title of a little boo)
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make v
winter losses without much labor ana wit'
out breaking up full colonies; entirely ne
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. A
dress E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7

Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 11— The supply of new-
honey is very moderate, and quite a lot of old
stock yet here. Cannot advise shipments of new
honey as yet. Too much fruit, and October is
early enough. Wo quote : Fancy new, 15 to Idc
Old, 5 to 10c. Extracted, 5 to 7c, with no supply,
and not wanted. Beeswax, 30 to 32c.

Batterson & Co .

Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 11 —The supply of
honey is increasing while the demand is improv-
ing. We look for a general improvement next
month with higher prices. We quote todav :
Fancy, S2.75; extracted, slow at 5% to 6V4c;.
Beeswax, 30c. CO. demons & Co.

Chicago, Aug. 8.— A little new honey is being
offered at 12 to 12VsC per lb. for No. 1 to fancy.
Extracted, 6 to 7c for white and 5 to 6 for amber
Beeswax, 28c. R. A Burnett & Co .

199 So. Water Street.

FOR SALE — A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera con-
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost I8-0
will sell with leather case for S.^.50 casl
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, >
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and ladj
cost ^'150, in first-class condition, was built 1
order for the owner. Tires new. Will se
for ?25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. A
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeviei
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nc
ties, good commission allowed. Send f(
catalogue and terms. American Manuf*
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

WANTED — To exchange six-month's tri;
subscription to The American Bee-Keep<
for 20 cents in postage stamps. Addres
Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N. Y.

FOR SALE— .50 colonies of bees, in Falcon
S-frameandA. I. Root chaff hives. Desiri:
to reduce my yards about one-half, no reasc
able offer will be refused. Address, H. 1
Harp, Marienville, Pa H

When writing to advertisers menti(
Tlie American Bee-Keeper.

in the Front Rank

Mr. W. Putnam,
River Falls, Wis.
Dear Sir:— I must congratulate you on
the reading matter you have in the

Rural Bee Keeper

It is all that could be desired, and just
what I have been wanting. I take seven
bee papers and consider yours only
equaled by one or two. Every number,
so far, has been worth more than the sub-
scription price to me. 1 do not see how
you can fail if the present standard is
kept up. Wishing you success, I remain,
Yours truly,

James T. Fennell.
Beverly, N. Y.

Send 10c for three back numbers, or 50c
for one year.

RURAL BEE KEEPER

River Falls, Wis.
SAMPLE COPY FREE.

W^'tM^irf tM^(ufl^ufelLi|)|^utt^yi(^L;^^ L^^k^^i^^^i^C^^A l^^^^y^iyA^^^A^^

<3 Subscription Agencies.

J Subscriptions for the Amerl-
^ can Bee-Keeper may be entered

through any of the following
agents, when more convenient
than remitting to our offices at
Fort Pierce, Florida, or James- §
town, N. y.: €

J. E. Jonhson, Williamsfleld,

:ii.

National Bee=Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

_ Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E.FRANCE, Platteville, Wis..

General Manager and Treasure

§ The Fred W. Muth Company,

® 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.

^ John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex,

2 Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell,
J Ontario.

3 G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek,
[3 British Honduras.

I Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N.

^ Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan House,

I England.

3 G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang-

J anul, New Zealand.

3 H. H. Robinson, Independeucla

^ 16, Matanzas, Cuba.

3 Colorado Honey Producers'

I Association. 1440 Market St., £

Denver, Colo.

ABooa
For

PoDltrfKeep

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, nroflt. new system, oor
own method, fully explained in
I oiu* Illu.i^trated Poultry Book; which contains
I Poultry Keepers' Acc't and Egg Record showing
g^lHS or losses everv mouth for one year. Worth 25
I cts. sent to you for It c. if you will send names of 5
I poultry keepers with vour order: Address,
I G. 8. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Clintonville. Conn-

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

I

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. ^J-J-J-J'J'^

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

Put

Your

Trust

In

Providence!

Queens,

Introduce new blood now for next season's

fROVIDENCE nUJEENS
rove Their' QUALITIES

To be of the Highest.
LAWRENCE C. MILLER,

P. O.Boxll]3. Providence, R. I.

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Qrape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business direct to Washington,
saves time, costs less, better service.

My oSace close to IT. S. Patent Office. TREE prelimln-
' ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent
' is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN^19 YEARS
[actual EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"
[ etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers
I receive special notice, without charge, in the

INVENTIVE ACE

[illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms. $1. a year.

918 FSt., N. W.,
washington, d. c.

ICSICeEBS.:

EK

If, BINQHAI

5 has made all the im
provements ii'

Bee Smokers ant
Honey Knivei

made in liie last 30 years, uiiddulitedl
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too larg., !<>••

poblpajd, per mail $1 ,■

a!* inch 1.

Knife, 80 cents. .S inch l.i

2 ^ inch !

Farwell, IVIich.

Little Wonder, 2 in.

Patent WiFed Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frame

TMn Flat Bottom Fooiidation

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Hone
Being the cleanest is usually worked tl
quickest . of any foundation made. The ta
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furni;'
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheap '
and not half the trouble to use that it is
wire brood frames.
Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS.

Sole Manufacturers
Montgomery Co.. Sprout Brook, N.

I. J. STRINQHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Tested Italian Queens,

I lb. Sq. Honey Jars,

No. 25 Jars, _ _ _

12 oz. Jar. burnishtd tin cap,

$1.00 each
$5.00 gross
$5.75 gross
$5.00 gross

Discount on more than one gross. Extracted honey always
on hand at from 5 1-2 to 8 cents pound.

APIARIES--=QLEN COVE, L. I. CATALOG FREEl

THE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTURAL MONTH- 1
.Y IN THE UNITED STATES jXJt^^^^^^

^ARM UND HAUS

The most carefull.v edited German
Agricultural journal. It is brimful of
practical information and useful hints
for the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
stock raising, general farming, garden-
ing, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and eon-
tains a department of the household,
which many find valuable. Another de-
partment giving valuable receipts and
•emedies called "Hausarzt," in fact ev-
n-y numbe* contains articles of real
practical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
ple copy free.

Send subscriptions to

FARM UND HAUS

) tf. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand reai-
cdies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
Avorth $20 to any sufferer. soM
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
|)aid for .$2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

•'i-'S Dearborn Street. Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail you the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA,

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All
Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail Sample, state lowest price expected delivered Cincinnati.
I pay prompt on receipt of goods.

jOLDEN ITALIANS

Untested. i, 75c.

RED CLOVER

6, $4.00.

CARNIOLANS

12, $7.50.

C. H. W. ^A^EBER

)ffice and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave.
Varehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos prccios en to-
da clasc de articulos pura Apicultores.
Nuestra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandes y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalogo
y prccios a quicnes lo soliciten. Dirija-
nse i.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. COi,
«tt Nashville, Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

shou.d haTC a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a TO page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written tm"
pecially for aiuatenrs. Second edition just on'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
Editor York says: "It is the tnest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 21 cenU; by
Bail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a lire, proRresaiTe, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
year for «5c. Apply to any fifBt-claBa dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., HitfU.riu., «..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

inn Wanted to raise
*"" Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtes in the U. S. A. one
year for ]') t-ents, providing you
u' jntiou Auierican Bee-Keeper.

The OcJuntry Journal treats on
' arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
;y and r'anhion. It's the best pa-
^ev printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.

.2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D.. Epping, N. H
keeps a complete supply of our goods, anc
Eastern customers will save freight by order
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

A&EMTS Wanted "washTng^

You can double your money every time you sell one

and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last tourteen years. They
arc clioaper than e^'er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Towa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly, '
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
JPQfe original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
in fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new-
subscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks

Decigns

Copyrights Ac.

Anyone sencHng a aketrli and description may
quickly ascertnin our opinion froo whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
soi-.t tree. Ohleot agrency for securing patents.

Patents talien through Munn & Co. receive
tpccial notice, without charge, in the

cietiiific jimerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year: tour months, 11. Sold ty all newsdealers.

MUNN gCo.^^^«^°«''-v, New York

Branch Office. 625 F St., Washington, D. C.

a 111'

ATHEjYS, oa

I Subscription,

50 Cents a Year.

:iM

I promptly obtained OR NO FEE. TraiJc-Mar!:s,
Caveats, Copynfrhts and Labels registered.
TWENTTYEAilS'FRACTICE. Highest references.

I Sead model, sketch or photo, for fr<-e report I

Ion patentability. All business confidential.

1 HAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells
How to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
mechanical movements, and contains 300 other

I subjects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO. .SS„

790 F Street North. WASHINGTON, D.Cj

BARNES'

Pcot Power Machinery,

Tills cut represents our
C"nil)ined Machine, which
IS the best machine ihade
for use in the construction
of IJives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send fOr
taialugue and I'rice List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.
yi3 Ruby St., Rockford. Ill

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who nre interest
ed ill tlie Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HO.MESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing the
industrial development of tJie South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
irial for l5c. Address,

THE DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va tt

Honey

PRODUCTION

AND

SELLING.

These are the two main problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as im-
portant as the other. Many can produce fine honey.but fail to get the best
prices. Your crop in attractive packages is half sold. The first honey in
the market sells the best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

No-drip Shipping Cases.

Do not put your section honey ii
poorly made section casos. It wil
bring less if you do. We make ou
ca,ses of white bass-wood, and the;
are constructed so they will not leah
Neither do the sections get stuck u
with honey. Made for all kinds o
sections, and in all sizes. Also gla$.
for fronts. For retailing honey tht
is ■ noticing neater than the I>ari_
Oarton. A,sk for our catalogue giviS

Hers<iiser Jars.

The ifinest of all glass pack-
ages for extracted honey. Made
of clear glass with aluminum
caps, which seal them tight. We
sell other styles of glas,s i)ack-
ages. Don't fall to study the
candied honey (luestion. There
is a great future for this. We
sell the famous Aiken Honey
BaK for retjiiling candied honey.
See our general catalogue for
further description and prices.

complete prices and descriptions.'

Five>GalIon Tin Cans.

The favorite jiackage for shipi)in
extracted honey. No leaking, r
tainted honey. The cans b(>ing s(|uaP
economize spaice, and are easily l)Oxe(
Also smaller sizes. Cans fui-ni.slK
Avith different widths of screw ca|
or honey gates. Don't fail to g< t oi
IV'ices before ordering. Ileineinb(
tliat freight charges „should Ik' <•()!
sidered with tiio prices. We cai
from our branch liouses.

('omi)lete Description and Prices in (Jeneral Catalogue.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.

Factory and Executive Office - = MEDINA, OHI

BRANCHES- -Chicago, 111., 144 Eai^t Erie St.; riiiladelphia. Pa., lo Vine St.;
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vesey St.; Syracu.se, N. Y.; :Mecha!iic Falls. Me.;
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss. St.; San Antonio. Texas; Washington. D
1100 Md. Av.; Ilavina, Cuba, 17 San Ignacio; Kingston, .Jamaica, 1
Harbour St.

a;
I

0CT03ER

fred at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla., as second-class mail matter.

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, And in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc. , growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th©
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

$25,000.00 CASH

I

in, 600 prices. First prize, $10,000.00.
those making nearest correct etiesses of^
total popular Tote to be cast November I
1904, for President of the United States.

There are eight special prizes of $500.00 «
for early estimates. ,

This may be fortune's knock at your dc
It costs nothing to enter the contest !
only a postage stamp £or particulars. Addi
Hosterman Publishing Co., Box 16, Spri
field, Ohio.

There is no trade or profession better catered to
©y good journals than that of the farmer. Uni*'
telligent anprogressireDess has now no excau.

A BATH

18 a

lUXUllpr

wlier
taken in an

TNIPIRE
^ Portable
Folding BATH TUB.

Used in any room.
Agents wanted.
Catalogue Free.

^ths empire
^washer co.,
Jamestown,n,y.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZII

10c a year. Largest,Brightest and Finest lllustr
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to li
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-<late. t>
all about Southern Home Life. .11
full of fine engravings of grand (K
ery, buildings and famous pw
Send at once. 10c. a year pos^
anywhere in the U. S., Canada i
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs <j
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a -^
Money back if not delighted. S
taken. Cut this out. Send today.^

THE DIXIE HOME,
Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeep

POULTRY success C

THE 20th CENTURY POULTRY
MAGAZINE.

15th year. 32 to 64 pages. Beautiful
lustrated, up-to-date and helpful. Best Ip
writers. Shows readers how to succeed'^
poultry. 50 CENTS PER YEAR. Sit
introductory offers: 10 months, 25 centtl
eluding large practical poultry book free;i
monthsl trial, 10 cents. Stamps act*
Sample copy free. Poultry Success Co.,
16, Springfield, Ohio, or DesMoines, .I«

When writing to advertisers mj
The American Bee-Keeper.

SHINE!

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. Y., makes a Shine Cabiret, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber— in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best — ?nd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa-
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common. A postal will bring
you details of this and other good things.

American

BEE

Jourr

16-p. Wf

Sample

49~ All about Bees and

Srofitable care. Best wr
Idest bee-paper; illnsti
Departments for begi
and for women bee-keep(
Address,
OBORaE W. YORK ft <
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicag<

T-*w-vf^r* Send 10 cents for one yeM"
H k* r* n scription to AMERICAN 8T(
* AV"-'*-' the best monthly magazine
lished, and we will send you samples of WOl
magazines, all different, free. AMBR
STORIES, Dept. H. D., Grand Rapids, Mli

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

^ ^ IN FLORIDA J- ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
> L.rated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. **•

The News, Fort Pierce^FIa

The Pacific States Bee Journal

AND THE

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal

Have been consolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
one journal under the name,

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
larger and better than either of
its predecessors, and its pub-
lisher will make every effort to
make it the best bee journal
published anywhere. It is pub-
lished in the west, where the
largest apiaries in the world are
located, and is therefore most in
touch with what is best and
most practical in beetlom.

Write for free Sample copy.

Subscription $1.00 per annum.

P. F. ADELSBACH,

Editor and Publisher,
HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

Beeswax
Wanted

AVe pay 25 cents cash or 28 cents in
goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconeii', N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once. Prices
subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FAILCONER MFG. CO.

DON'T KILL

YOURSELF. WASHING THBi

WAY, BUT BUY AN E M P I R E i

WASH E R. \o\t\ u>hic\ Ihe t
frailett woman ean do on or-
dinary yoathing in one hour,
without teettinff her hand*.
Sample atvhoUsaltPric*. Satisfaction Gtiarante«d '
Nopav until tritd. Write/or Plustrated Catalogs i
andpricet o/Wringert, Ironing Tablet, Clothfi ReeU '
DryingBari,yfagonJaok»,<fre. AfrentgWanted. Lib
•ral Terms. QuiokSalegl Little Workll Big Pay!!
AddrtttHun SiirisiWASHKK Co.>Jus«stowii.lir.T

MAPS.

A vest pocket Map of your State
New issue. These maps show al
the Counties, in seven colors, a!
railroads, postoffices — and man
towns not given in the postal guid
— rivers, lakes and mountains, wil
index and population of counties
cities and towns. Census — it give
all official returns. We will sen
you postpaid any state map yo
wish for

20 cents (suver)

JOHN W. HANN,
jti Wauneta, Neb

CLUBBING LIST.

We will send The American Bee-Keepei
with the— Price Bot

What to Eat 1.00 l.Ot

Bee-Keepers' Review 1.00 1.81

Canadian Bee Journal 1.00 ItS

Gleanings in Bee Culture 1.00 1.3!

American Queen 50 M

The American Boy 1.00 l.W

Irish Bee Journal 35 .6

Rural Bee-Keeper, 50 .7'

Poultry Success, 50 .7i|

The American Fanner

AND

he American Bee=Keeper

Both one Year for 50c.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry fa mil V

^^— ——-—=— --^ MAGAZINE.
t entertains its readers with good short stor-
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3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-"sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, T5c., 5 for $3.25. 10
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

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Vol. XIV

OCTOBER, 1904.

No. 10

A POPULAR FALLACY.

Apiarian Counselors and the Press Still Teaching a False

Doctrine.

By O. O. Poppleton.

BEE-KEEPING literature has, ever
since tlie general use of tlie ex-
tractor, been full of warnings
ibout the dangeu.- of taking out honey
jefore it is i)roperly cured. These
•epeated warnings are, and probably
lahvays will be, in order and should be
Ireiterated time and again by our
periodicals.

In my opinion a sen'ious mistake has
been made in many of these warnings
—one which materially lessens their
good effect. I refer to the idea that
materially more honey, such as it is,
can be obtained by extracting honey
before any of it is sealed over. So far
as I know this idea has been treated by
all writers as though it was an actual
fact, conceded by every one. I be-
lieve ovu" editor, Mr. Hill, and myself
■ace the only ones who have ever ques-
tioned this idea, and gave warning of
ithe serious injury it was doing. So
(long as human nature remains as it is,
some men will be found even among
bee-keepers who think more of a few
extra dollars than they do of right or
wrong; and so long as they are told of
a way to make more money by wrong
methods than by right ones will use
the wrong ones without regard to any
injury done to others. It is time this
idea were sent into oblivion where it
Tightly l)elongs, and where it can do no
further damage.

My attention Avas first directed to
this matter while keeping bees in
Cuba, some 15 years ago. Up to that
time I supposed the idea was correct,
having seen it repeatedly given by our
foremost writers and never disputed
by any one; but while watching some
experiments on other points I stumbled
on some new ideas.

Special conditions there make it pos-
sible to observe much more accurately
some points in bee-keeping than it is
possible to do in this country. Here
our honey yielding flowers remain con-
tinuously in bloom day after day during
their season and any sharp difference
in the quantity of honey stored by the
bees on consecutive days is caused by
weather changes of some sort or other.
The bell-flower, from which most of
Cuban honey is obtained is a daily
bloomer that is. new flowers come out
each day and last for that day only.
It is very irregular in the amount of
bloom it has day by day. I have seen
hedges and other places almost as
white as a snow-bank one day with
bloom and the next day one might
Avalk a mile and not see a hundred
blossoms, while the following day
there might be half or a quarter as
many as on the first day. As the
weather conditions are much more
steady there than in this country the
amount of honey gathered any day

19S

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October.

was in almost exact proportion to the
amount of bloom on that day and one
could tell each morning with almost
absolute certainty what would be the
record of the scale hive at night. Any
close observing bee-keeper will readi-
ly see what an advantage this irregular
daily blooming was in certain lines of
observation.

I practiced taking record of weight
of tlie hive on scales after work
had ceased each day and again before
woi-k commenced in the morning. This
gave me the actual amount of shrink-
age or evaporation occuring in the
hive from close of .gathering one day
to commencement of gathering
next day. The percentage of shrink-
age to amount l)rou,ght in was quite
regular during the entire season. It
was about 25 or 30 per cent. When-
ever there was a flowerless day and no
honey gathered the shi'inkage during
the 24 hours until next morning would
seldom exceed 10 per cent, of the
nmount of shrinkage of the first 12 or
14 hours. Thus if the scales showed at
ni.ght that 10 lbs of nectar had been
gathered that day. they would in the
morning show a loss during the night
of 2 1-2 to 3 pounds, but if that
day should happen to be a flowerless
one the following morning would re-
veal a loss during the 24 hours of not
to exceed from one-quarter tO' one-
half pound. This shows almost con-
clusively that nearly or quite nine-
tenths of all loss of weight caused by
curing of newly gathered honey in the
hive occurs during the fiu-st 12 or 15
hours after it is first deposited in the
hives.

As soon as these observations had
been repeated enough times to convince
me of their accuracy the question sug-
gested itself to me: "From where
comes the large gain in weight of
honey supposed to be obtained by ex-
tracting every few days before being
sealed over?" and that question is yet
unanswered. ^lany other observations
made while in Cuba and since return-
ing to Florida seem to strongly cor-
roborate th<> idea that little or nothing
is gained by extracting unsealed honey.
I will not give these points but may
do so some other time.

If the conclusions I have come to are
correct isn't it a serious mistake to
teach that much more weight of honey
can be obtained by taking out unsealed
honey than by waiting until honey is
in right condition to take? Some un-

scrupulous person will be sure to try
taking advantage of that supposed
fact.

Fort Pierce, Fla., Aug. 11, 1904.

AUTUMN HONEY PLANTS.

By Bessie L. Putnam.

WHILE these are not, with one oi
two exceptions, sufficient to
make any perceptible dif-i
erence in either quantity or (luality oif
lioney stored, they have an important
mission in that they keep the bees in
good shape during the fall without
drawing upon the honey stored. The
board of a family for two or i^ossibly
three months as a free ol¥ering for the
taking is certainlj' Avell worth looking'
after.

Amon,g the half century of golden-
rods there are, perhaps, a dozen whict'
abound everywhere in fence-rows ant'
waste places, rapidly increasing ir
strength and floriferousness and yield-
ing honey in sufficient quantity to giv(
a distinctive flavor to the nectar ir
store. It is of a rich amber color and
has a rank flavor at flrst; this mellow^
as the ripening process advances and i1
is eventuall.v fine flavored.

The multitude of asters which bloon
in autiunn also help to prolong th(
working season. Tliere is a tail-grow
ing plant in pastures and waste places
having a dark purple cluster of flowers
known popularly as iron weed, Avhicl
yields some sweets. By the way, this
like almost all the other late bloom
ers, belongs to the immense family o1
composites, distinguished by having
each seeming small flower made up ol
numerous tiny florets, sometimes al
alike, again the outer ones having
long rays, like the daisy and mayweed
The ironweed belongs to the first
group.

Among other honey plants of this
group may be mentioned the varioui-
thistles, even the despised Canada this-
tle, one of the most troublesome pest?
to the farmer, has a redeeming (luality
in that it is food for the bees. This,
however, should not be entered as a
plea for its preservation. The tall
boneset or thoroughwort, an old-time
remedy for fever, the common ragweed
of the corn field, fireweed, which so
quickly fills up places made vacant by
the cremation of logs or stumi)s. the
gay, yellow coreopsis which brightens
the autumn swamps: even the despised
Spanish needles, which cling to tlif

I

1904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 199

clothing of all passers-by, are eagerly many notes and cross references, but
gleaned in the autumn days. there is no numbering as we now use

Tlie touch-me-not, which scatters its it. There are a dozen or so wood cuts,
-iiH'ds in all ditt'ections when touched, is as well as four pages of music most
another swamp denizen of value. Some oddly printed, the uppec half of each
3f the mustards bloom until late in l»age being printed so as to be read
uitunui. St. John's Wort, vervains, fi'om the top, i. e., upside down to the
several of the smartweeds, and hound's I'est of the text.

i:ougue are among the weeds which The book bears witness to his en-
swell the list in the last days of pastur- thusiasm, which is scarcely surpassed
ige. Some of these are worthy of pro- by that of the most ardent bee crank of
ection; others are vile weeds. But to-day. He possessed quite a fair
vherever their place, they have their knowledge of the anatomy of the bee,
li^e. ' of the various sexes, etc., but did not

Conneautiville. Pa., Sept. 12, 1904. know that the queen was the mother

. . of the colony, believing that the work-

ANCIENT BEE LORE. ers fulfilled that office. Pollen is call-

. ed Ambrosia or '"grosse houie" but its

By Arthiu- C. Miller. "'^^ seems to have been understood.

The securing of the honey, the dif-
^OME THREE hundred j-ears ago ferent grades and its care are treated
^ there lived in Wottou, Eng., one at much length.

Charles Butler, a bee-keeper and practices which we of this generation
bee-lover. He has left us a most have hailed as new, were common with
iteresting account of his knowledge, him then and he even had drone traps
ehef and practice and of the queer and used them to rid his hives of
iperstitions held about bees in that obnoxious drones. He discoursed on
^y- the economy of drones as heat pro-

The title page to his book reads: ducers for brood rearing, treated fully

_^ \ swarming, after swarms and artificial

^•^^ swarms.

FEMININE MONARCHIE; After reading the book through and

*'''* comparing it with those of to-dav. one

THE HISTORIE OF BEES. ig bound to coufess that in matter of

Shewing arrangement and cross reference it puts

Their Admirable Nature and Properties, to shame many of the later ones and

Their Generation and Colonies, that in kuowletlge We are not SO very

leir Government. Loyaltie, Art, Industrie, far ahead Of those Old bee masters of
Enemies, Warres, -viagnanimitie, &c. - Ion*' a°"0

Together P^-ovldeuce, R. I., Sept. 15, 1904.

ith the right ordering of them from time
to time: and the sweet profit arisins

thereof HOME-MADE QUEEN REARING
■ DEVICES.

Written Out of Experience

By By E. F. At water.

Charles Butler, Magd: TXrRIXG the past winter I sent for

1/ samples of various styles of wood

Plant: in Trucul: Act: 2. Sc. 6. cell-cups, and nursery, hatchery,

ins est oculatus testis unus, quam auriti and pre-iutroflucing cages ; and, after

'^^'^^™- some little study. I evolved a cheap

■ and simple cell-getting nursery, and

London: introducing outfit that anyone can

^^^- make at home, yet in all essential

features, there is no better.

t is a quainfold book where "U" is To make the wooden cell-cups, get

Vid for "V" and vice versa, where "S" out strips 3-4x5-8 any length desired.

I'ks like "F;" where the spelling is with a compass, mark off every .3-4

c:l and old English words are used, inch. Then at each mark, bore a 7-16

tit sadly puzzle one not accustoiued hole into the wide side of the strip,

t ancient writing. The text is full of boring nearly through. Then with a

Itin quotations and one or two from mitre-box. saw the strips into pieces 3-4

t- Greek. long, each having in the middle a 7-16

Tie pages have wide margins with hole. Now you have the blank cell-

200

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October

cups, 3-4x3-4x5-8 thick. To prepare
them for grafting put some nice clean
wax or foundation in the sun, until
soft. Roll up a little wad of wax,
force it into the 7-16 hole and press the
forming stick into it, using a slight
twisting motion. Make the depression
5-16 deep.

Dipped cell-cups (a la Root) can be
pressed into the blocks if so desired, or
the holes may be filled with melted
wax and set away until needed.
When, by setting them in the sun the
cups may be formed as before.

The cut "A" shows such a square
wood cell-cup, after being accepted and
completed by the bees. Notice the

port for our open top holding-frame
(This support was invented by Mi
Thos. Chantry, of Cal.)

The space below bar "C" may b
filled with comb or a board may b
cut to fill the space, as preferred. No\
fill in the open space (3-4x17) betwee
the 1-4x1-2x17 5-8 bars, with wood eel
cups, waxed ready foa.' grafting. TL
cups hang by the projecting brae
which you have driven into each blaii
cell-cup, about 1-8 inch below the tc
of the cup. Place the holding fran
and cups in your cell-starting color
and remove the cups, one at a tim
graft, and replace. This puts each ce
as soon as grafted, in the care of tl

head of a brad projecting 3-16 inch
from the side of cell cup.

For a perfect cell holding frame get
out two end-bars of usual length and
full 3-4 inch wide, by 5-16 thick. Two
inches from the top of each end-bar,
nail in a bar 3-8x7-8x17, as shown at
"C." Instead of a top-baf, nail on each
side at top of frame, a strip l-4xl-2x-
17 5-8. Nail on a bottom bar, or not, as
desired. Attach to each end-bar an
8-d finishing or a 6-d casing nail, bent
as shown at "D," and better shown at
"E." The point "F" is driven through
the end-bar, and a small staple is set
straddling the nail, and driven through
the end bar and clinched. Thus we
have a perfect non-propolisable sup-

bees, instead of waiting for an en
stick of cells to be grafted. Ther<
no need to remove a fi'ame when
want cells, simply roll back the q
and draw as many as desired.

For those who prefer to g:
an entire stick of cells at once I h
another plan, which I have found g<
Get out a stick scant 1-4 thick x3-4
Drive through it, every 3-4 of an h
3-8 inch fine, sharp-pointed, wire n:
Now on top of the heads of these ni
nail on a strip 3-8x3-4x17 and cli
the three or four nails passing tbro
both strips. In the ends of the
stick cut sawkerfs as shown at ',
These bars may then be hung ij
frame having staples in the inner si

■

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

201

of the end-bars a la Stanley, or by
any other method in use. Attach the
wood cell-cups by forcing them on to
the projecting points of the 3-8 nails,
as shown at "H."

Now for a cheap and perfect hatch-
ery, nurseii'y, and pre-introducing cage:
Get out pieces 3-10x5-8x1, 1 5-8x5-8x-
3-16 and 5-8x5-8x1 5-S. Also some
pieces of wire screen 2 1-2x4 3-8. Fold
over eacli edge 1-4 inch making the
pieces of screen 2x3 7-8. Also get out
pieces of tin or zinc 3-4x7-8, and 1-2x5-8.
Attach the pieces of zinc, 3-4x7-8, to
the bits of wood 3-10x5-8x1, so that in
the completed cage as shown at "2,"
the zinc "M" will act as a button, to
open or close the opening "L." Nail
the screen to the blocks as shown at

through the wire cloth of the cage, into
the comb. When the queens have
emerged, the empty cells, if needed,
may be removed empty and the zinc lid
or button turned so as to close the
opening "L." This nursery is equally
good for the round "Swarthmore" cups,
Root's round cups, my square ones.
Hill's separable cups, or ordinary
natural queen cells.

For those who like a block nursery,
I have the most perfect yet made, and
is at the same time a fairly good mail-
ing and introducing cage. Get out
blocks exactly 7-S thick, xl 3-8x2. With
a Forstner bit, bore a 1 inch or 1 1-8
hole nearly through. This hole is bor-
ed a little to one side of the middle so
as to leave an opening about 3-4 inch

'2" and "J," "K." This leaves and
jpening about 5-8 square, at "L' and
mother, about 5-8x1 5-8, between "J"
I ad "K." Bore a 5-16 hole through the
ilock (5-8x5-8x1 5-8) near one end.
tVith a single small nail attach a zinc
*■ tin (1-2x5-8) so that it can close this
lole, or not, as desired. This 5-16 hole
s to be filled with candy, and the
>lock through which it is bored must
it the large opening of the cage (be-
ween blocks "J'' and "K") forming a
emovable plug or stopper. The day
K'fore your cells are ripe lift them out
•i the holding frame, and sticlc the
uint of each, into opening "L" of the
ursery. Hang the nuseries in a hold-
ng frame, or attach them to the side of
comb, by thrusting a 4-d fine nail

square on edge of blocks, as well as the
inch hole in the side. Now, in one end
of the block, bore a 1-2 inch hole, con-
necting with the 1 inch hole. In the
other end bore a 3-4 inch hole, to meet
the 1 inch hole. Attach a bit of tin or
zinc so as to cover or open the one-inch
hole ( for candy). Tack on a piece of
screen 1 1-2x2, so as to cover the one-
inch hole, and also the opening in the
edge of the block. This nursery is
adapted to all styles of wood or other
cell-cups, and with slight change, tO'
natural queen-cells, and is superior to
the Swarthmore separate nursery, and
pre-introducing cage, as it has an open-
ing on edge of cage, as well as on the
side, and can be placed fiat-wise be-
tween two combs, yet the bees can be-

202

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

come acquainted with tlie queen
through the screen-covered opening on
edge of cage. My square cell-cups are
also perfectly adapted fen- use Avith the
Bankston nursery, as described by
Bankstou, Lewis and Pharr. At this
date, I have tested all these things and
found them good. Of course, these are
simply moditications of the ideas and
improvements of Alley, Swarthmore,
Titoff and others. In my next article
I will describe the Bankston Baby
nucleus, which I am now using, and
mating as large a per cent of queens as
by any modern system.

Boise, Idaho.. June 12, 1904.

TUNISIAN, OR SO-CALLED
"PUNIC " BEES.

By Frank Benton.

IT will be twenty years the coming
winter since I first went from my
central location, at that time
Mimich, Germany, across the Metliter-
ranean to Tunis, in Northeim Africa,
and investigated the race of bees
native to that part of the world. The
following winter I made a second
journey to the same region. During
my stay I traveled about to some extent
in the Province of Tunis and secured
for extensive planters there large num-
bers of colonies of the native bees, and
for some weeks busied myself in trans-
ferring these into American frame
hives and extracting the beautiful rose-
mary honey which is produced in gi-eat
abundance there the latter part of the
Avinter and during the earl.v spring.
Naturally, as I was extensively engage
ed at that time in the rearing of queen
bees of various races, having queen-
breeding apiaries in Cyprus. Syria, and
in Carniola, Austria, as well as in the
central depot or collecting apiary in
Munich, Germany. I became at once
greatly interested in the bees of Ttmis,
which I soon saw possessed some very
peculiar and remarkable traits. I sent
some queens to my home apiary in
Munich, and took others with me for
comparison to the eastern apiaries.
The latter were introduced into colo-
nies of Cyprian and Syrian bees, and
all drone production controlled. I was
able, therefore, to avoid any intermix-
ture of the Tiinisian blood with the
Cyprian and Syrian races in the na-
tive land. At the same time I had
the black Tunisians to compare with
the yellow eastern races. Some of
those who received my price-list at the

time may. perhaps, recall the fact that
in those years I offered these queens
for sale at the same rates charged for
Cyprians and Syrians, and that I stat-
ed in this price-list that "Tunisians
are the blackest bees I have ever seen,
are excellent honey gatherers, and easy
to subdue by the use of smoke."

The interest which Mr. John Hewitt,
of England, exhibited in various for-
eign races of bees, and in the general
Avork which I Avas conducting, led me
to forward to him from time to time a
choice specimen of any new race which
I found, and Avhile he frequently favor-
ed me Avith orders for queens of vari-
ous races, I did not charge him for
specimens of ncAV races sent in the
manner just described. It Avas in this
Avay that he first procured the Tuni-
sian bees, Avhich he now calls Punics.
It Avould appear to me that he might
Avell have mentioned this fact in his
article in the American Bee-Keeper, for
September, 1904, Volume XIV. No. 9,
pp. 180-83, instead of conveying the
idea, as he does, that he was the ori-
ginal discoverer and importer of the
bees, his simple statement being:
"This bee I first imported in 1886."
One might pass this by. however, and
in fact the Avhole article itself, were
there not more A'iolent misrepresenta-
tions and inaccuracies contained in it.

In the first place Mr. HeAvitt states
that Mr. D. A. Jones, of Canada, spent
large sums of money in trying to im-
port Apis dorsata. It is true that he
spent some money, but the impression
conveyed by INIr. Hewitt is best cor-
rected, and tlie omission supplied, by
quoting from an article of mine pub-
lished in Gleanings in Bee Culture,!
June 15, 1892, Vol. XX, No. 12, where,
on page 450, occurs the following:

"I wish to ask the indulgence of my
readers to enable me to correct an error
connected with the subject, but the
original source of which I do not knoAV.
It first appeared long ago, and has
been repeated fi'equently — even in
books on bee-keeping. I refer to
the statement that "the first ex
pedition after Apis dorsata cosl
Mr. D. A. Jones, of Canada, a
small fortune." and that in this under
taking I "Avas the agent of Mr. .Tones."
The facts are. the expedition cost less
than .$1,000; I was in partnership with
Mr. .Tones in this work, and it cost me
just as much as it did him; moreover,
as Mr. Jones did not go to India, but
was in Canada at the time, I had the

1U04.

THE AMEEIGAN BEE-KEEPER.

203

haidsliips of the work, and the illness
which followed my exposure in the
jungles, to bear."

1 have never seen the statement
attributed by Mr. Hewitt to Mr. Jones,
nor, for that matter, coming from any-
one else, that it was expected Apis
dorsata "would produce lakes of
honey," nor have I ever known of any
person who seriously entertained the
idea of establishing a new breed of
bees through crossing Apis dorsata
with Italians or any other race of Apis
mellifera, the new bee to be called Apis
Americana. In the article in Glean-
ings for 1892 just quoted, I made the
statement that "an effort would be
made to produce and test various cross-
ess between dorsata and mellifera,"
and this was followed by the state-
ment "if such crosses can be obtained,
possibly something more valuable than
I either of these bees would result." I
; believe that I made a modest statement
in this article of what might possibly
result from the inti-oduction of these
l)ees into the sub-tropical portions of
the United States. These statements
were based upon my own practical ex-
perience with Apis dorsata in India,
land since I was the first practical bee-
keeper to go out there and manipulate
these bees in their native land, and
clear up some of the disputed points
, regarding their habits, such as their
i alleged wildness under manipulation,
I their building their combs horizontally
instead of perpendicularly, and the re-
markable tendency which was ascribed
to them to desert any habitation in
which they might be placed, it seemed
quite proper that I should be allowed
an expression of opinion as to what the
possibilities are in connection with this
species. Whatever idea, however, Mr.
Hewitt or anyone else may entertain
concerning these possibilities. I still
adhere to- the belief that their final de-
termination, otie way or the other, is
work well worth undertaking.

^Ir. Hewitt seems to think that the
^sending of Tunisian ("Punic") bees to
i India is something better than import-
ing Apis dorsata from India. Very
possibly. I will not discuss that at
this time. However, since on my jour-
ney to India in 1880, I took out colonies
of Cyprian and Palestine bees which
have since thrived, swarmed, and stor-
ed considerable surplus honey, and
have not died out. as Mr. Hewitt states
regarding all bees other than his pet
"Funics," the credit for the introduc-
tion of Apis mellifera can easily be

placed. But hold! Mr. Hewitt says
that the I'unic bees belong "to the
genus Apis nigra." Ilis use of the
expression "genus Apis nigra" betrays
his total ignorance regarding zoologi-
cal nomenclature. He does not seem
to know that the generic name is Apis,
which is precisely the same as the gen-
eric name of Italian, Black, Cyprian,
and all of our races now cultivated in
Europe and America. Moreover, he
seems to think that he can, because
this bee happens to be very black in
color, immediately apply to it the speci-
fic name nigra, without giving any
technical description of the character-
istics which distinguish it from other
species. Entomologists have never
heretofore recognized such a species,
and the mere publication of the name
would, according to the established!
laws of zoological nomenclature, stand
for nothing.

But more astounding statements fol-
low. Mr. Hewitt says "these bees are
proof against foul-brood." The as-
tounding part of this is seen at once
when I state that foul-brood is of fre-
quent occurrence over the whole area
of northern Africa from Egypt west-
ward. He follows this by stating that
if hives are large enough they will not
swarm. They cast numerous swarms
in their native land, although the hives
are full larger than those used in
Cyprus, where the bees swarm less.
When I state the fact that I have seen
and counted in a colony of these bees
preparing to swarm from a native hive
in Africa 350 well-developed cells. I
believe any practical bee-keeper will be
prepared to subscribe to my statement
that the size of hive bears the same re-
lation, as regards swarming of these
bees, that it does to other races. For
Mr. Hewitt to write in this day and
age, "they are the tamest bees known"
argues that he has hardly kept pace
with information regarding other
races, for in this particular we must
yield the palm to the bees of the Cau-
casus, in Russia; next to them the
Carniolans, from Austria; and even
our selected and carefully bred Itali-
ans in America are certainly "tamer"
bees than Tunisians. When one ap-
proaches an apiary of the black bees
of northern Africa, he is very likely to
be unpleasantly assailed, even at a dis-
tance, and at certain seasons it is quite
impossible to go near the hives with-
out a beeveil. Let me compare this
statement with one concerning my

204

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

four years residence in Carniola, dur- ported from the native land of this
ing which time I handled hundreds of wonderful new race, which, according
colonies, both in my own apiary and in to the claims of the advertiser, unites
native apiaries at all times of the sea- all the virtues that one could possibly
son, and under all imaginable condi- imagine as belonging to bees, with
tions, even at night, and during the none of their faults. As the writer
whole i^eriod never once used a happens to have been the first to call

beeveil, nor

need of it

odd years during which I

cultivated this race, I have never,

when only pure Carniolans were in my

felt seriously the attention to this new race of bees un-

In all the twenty der the far more appropriate name of

have Tunisian bees (Tunis being the native

land of the race), and as he has had

considerable experience with them in

apiary, had occasion to use a beeveil Tunis, and also in several other coun-

in their manipulation. I am cen'tain tries, he may be allowed to express an

that I could not possiblj' manage even opinion as to their merits and demerits.

a small apiai-y of Tunisians without The former are soon told, for the Tuni-

restoriug to vast quantities of smoke,
and probably a beeveil — at least with
any degree of comfort.
The statement follows in Mr.

sians (or Funics) are industrious and
prolific, somewhat more so than any
race of bees coming from Europe, but
rather less so than the eastern Mediter-

Hewitt's article that the "Funics are rauean races (Cyprians, Syrians and

just the bees to produce honey in the

gi'eatest

trouble."

edly that they are excellent honey

gatherers. The proof of that I found

in the quantities stored by them in

thek- native land, and with my tests

Palestines). But their faults make a
quantity with the least list. They are small and very black;'
I have myself stated repeat- are spiteful stingers, as vindictive as

the worst race known; bite in addition;
to stinging; are great propolizers,
daubing hives, sections, and combs
lavishly with "bee-glue;" they swarm

with them in other countries. At the as much as do Carniolans, and winteu.'

same time I pointed out that they were as poou'ly as do Palestines. Most peo-

the very worst race that could possibly pie will think the genuine imported i

be selected for the production of comb queens a trifle extravagant at $50 each,

honey, as they were so lavish in the especially those who remember that.

use of propolis as to disfigvu-e gi-eatly
the combs and sections, and also be-

in 1885 and 1S8G, just such queens were
offered at from $4 to $10 each, direct

cause they seal the honey so that it from Timis. northern Africa. Million-'

presents a vei-y watery appearance, aires who keep bees will, of course^^

My experience does not at all verify the buy "Funic" queens at $50 each for all

statement that the quantity of honey of their hives, although they wouldn't

yielded by them is produced "with the look at Tunisians a few years since a|

least trouble." for since they are really $4 to $

But the rest of us will pi

rather bad tempered, spiteful bees, and on with bees whose queens cost us
since during the greater period of to $5 each, and that are chiefly note(

manipulation a beeveil is required, as
well as great quantities of smoke, both
time and comfort are sacrificed in
obtaining the honey yield.

for giving us honey, money, and please
ure in handling them."

In the article under consideratior
there are further statements which

I see no reason to change materially require criticism. Mr. Hewitt says oli

the common East Indian honey beej
Apis indica, that "they will not on
any account accept any queen of an;
European race, and even if it could
done the queens could not lay eggs i
theifl* combs as the cells are too small.'
In the course of my work in CeylOD
with this species (indica) I had occa-t
sion to introduce a queen of the species
Apis mellifera to one of these colonies)
She was not expected to lay eggs

the general statement of the qualities
of these bees which I gave in 1802 in
the American Farmer, then published
at Washington, D. C., and which was
quoted by Gleanings in Bee Culture for
July 1st, 1892. Vol. XX, No. 13, page
504. The paragraph is as follows:

"Another race of bees has recently
been advertised under the name of
"Punic" bees, the queens having been
offered at from $1..50 to .$50 each. The

former price is for unfertilized queens; the worker cells (Bfi to the square incl

$5 is asked for fertilized queens. $10 if built by the Apis indica colony.

purely mated, $40 if selected, and $50 eggs, however, to produce worker bed!

for such as are said to have been im- of the species mellifera, were laid by

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

205

this queen in the drone cells built by
the colony of India u bees. If Mr.
Hewitt's practical experience had ex-
tended a little further than the con-
fines of an island about the size of
Alabama oir North Carolina, a kingdom
whose area is less than that of Michi-
gan, and but slightly larger than the
State of New York, he would have been
less ready to make such positive as-
sertions as to what could or could not
be done with other varieties and
species of bees in lands thousands of
miles away from his own country
where all conditions are radically dif-
ferent. He would, in fact, have been
less dogmatic. I will not venture to
assert that one can generally be suc-
cessful in introducing queens of the
species Apis mellifen'a to Apis indica,
as my experience is not extended
enough to enable me to do this. I mere-
ly state a fact and leave the general
law to be based on more numerous in-
stances.

Mr. Hewitt states that Tunisian
queens "never attempt to mate until
; about 20 days old." In certain of their
; qualities I found the Tunisians to bear
I a resemblance to oriental races of bees,
and it may be laid down as a general
rule that all of these races defer mat-
ing longer than do the queens of
European races, so that it is a common
occurrence to find Cyprian, Syrian and
Palestine queens awaiting until the
tenth,the twelfth, or even the four-
teenth day before mating. It is,
however, exceedingly rare for them
to delay beyond this period, and
I have reason to believe that
the Tunisian bees are even less
inclined than the bees of more eastern
Mediterranean countries to delay in
mating. I seriously doubt the ac-
curacy of the statement made by Mr.
Hewitt to the effect that "they will
mate all I'ight at over three months
old,'' at least if he means thereby to
■ indicate that they will mate and be
, valuable always after that period. I
am well aware that queens of the orien-
tal races stand confinement for a long-
er period than those of other races,
and will mate at a later date in their
existence, but I have not found it ad-
visable or practical to keep virgins
that I wished to have develop into
valuable queens caged longer than two
weeks.

Mr. Hewitt, much to my surprise, in
closing his article, makes statement of
a fact regarding peculiarities of the

Tunisians which would form sufficient
reason for many bee-keepers to utterly
reject the race. And, notwithstanding
his statement of the fact, it is neverthe-
less true. I refer to the following:
"If you remove a queen and then on
the tenth day cut out every queen cell,
fertile workers will at once fill all the
combs with eggs." Think of that!
Ten days after the removal of the
queen you get all the brood combs
of your hive filled with drone eggs laid
by workers! But I will go a step fur-
ther than Mr. Hewitt, and will state
that oftentimes, upon the removal
of the queen, before the ten days have
expired, and before any queen cells
have been removed, vast numbers of
eggs will be laid by workers in the
worker brood-combs. I have never
known them to rear a queen from any
of this brood. It is true they frequent-
ly start cells on such brood, but a dead
drone is found in the queen cell later.

In referring to the introduction of
these bees into various climates, Mr.
Hewitt says: "They have made them-
selves at home in every country, no
matter how hot or how cold," and he
also conveys the idea that anyone who
has once tried them is sure to pro-
nounce them superior to any and all
other races. I also recall that Mr.
Henry Alley said of them, in 1891, as
quoted by Mr. E. L. Pratt on Page 810,
Gleanings in Bee Culture, for October
15, 1891: "They will supersede the
Italians." Notwithstanding all the ef-
forts to bring these bees forward
prominently, and get them established
in this country, does Mr. Alley still
hold to this view? Does Mr. Pratt
subscribe to it? Has anybody in this
country any pure Tunisian ("Punic")
bees at the present time? My own be-
lief is that we have far better bees, far
gentler bees, bees that are equally pro-
lific, that gather less propolis, that are
handsomer, that are less inclined to
make unprovoked attacks upon peo-
ple passing through or near the apiary,
and that in general may be manipulat-
ed and managed for profit with equally
as good or better results, and far more
comfort. I do not believe the introduc-
tion of bees from Tunis will be a bene-
fit to American apiculture.

This whole subject, in my opinion,
as presented by Mr. Hewitt, is enlarg-
ed quite as much as the statements
which he once made in print concern-
ing the settlement of the problem of
mailing queen bees on long journeys.

I

206

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

He said that lie, together with Mr. Ben-
ton, settled the whole problem of mail-
ing queens. Yet, as a matter of fact,
not one single suggestion in the way of
form of cage, the food, or any other
point suggested by Mr. Hewitt was
either practical or available in the
final settlement of that problem, and" I
hold in my possession a letter written
by him in which he criticizes me for
"not being willing to adopt any single
suggestion which he made on the sub-
ject." I cite this merely for compari-
son to show with what a large grain of
salt, and. in fact, with how many
gi-ains of salt we must take such wild
statements as appear over the signa-
ture of Mr. John Hewitt.

Washington, D. C, September, 7,
1904.

SCIENTISTS FROM ABROAD.

Russian and German Commissioners Investigate

IVIethods of Bee Culture in the United

States.

By M. F. Reeve,

THE Russian Government, in the
midst of "war's rude alarm,"
still finds time to pursue scien-
tific researches. All summer, Profes-
for A. Tethof, a distinguished scientist,
has been traveling in the United States,
investigating the American method of
bee culture. He has made a particular
specialty of the production of comb
and extracted honey.

He will probably remain in the
United States another year, continuing
his quest for information. This is
embodied, from time to time, in reports
to the Minister of Agriculture at St.
Petersburg. The government will
avail itself of the results of these re-
ports for the general benefit of the
agricultural classes of the great Rus-
sian empire.

M. Tethof. who is a scholarly looking
individual of German aspect, has im-
pressed those with whom he has come
in contact with the breadth of his
knowledge on the special subject which
he has been pursuing.

He has visited all the large apiaries
during the summer, particularly those
conducted by the A. I. Root Company,
of Ohio, and the plants of the Cogg-
shalls and Alexander, the extensive
producers of extracted honey in New
York state.

He has been wonderfully impressed,
and astonished even, by the up-to-date,

rapid-fire methods of the Yankee bee
man and has made voluminous notes
which will be of service to him later
on.

M. Tethof has also secured many
photographs illustrating the various
stages of handling bees and their pro-
ducts.

He says Russia is such a vast coun-
try, with such a diversity of climate,
that he can compare his to no other
countvry except the United States.
Enormous stretches of forest and plain
exist on which a bee-hive, or even a
bee, can not be seen. Even Siberia,
formerly supposed to be the land of
snow and ice has a genial climate dur-
ing certain months, when many plants
capable of yielding honey abound. Yet
colonies of bees are few and far be-
tween and throughout Russia the ap-
pliances for housing and handling bees
and honey are of the most primitive de-
scription. There are more log hives
than anything in use. Y'et, in spite of
all drawbacks, honey is an important
article of food, and millions of pounds
of chunk honey are consumed every
year.

The Government desires to introduce
American methods and American ma-
chinery into the bee industa-y as much
as possible to increase production and
a campaign of education will follow M
Tethof's investigation.

He was recently the guest of E. L
Pratt, the queen breeder of Swarth-
more. Pa., who gave him every facilitj
for taking notes of his method of breed^
ing queens in nuclei of a handful or so
of bees. The Russian was astonishe6
at the results. He will probably takp
up his residence in Philadelphia for the
winter and attend a special scientifio^
course at the University of Pennsyl
vania, having been very favorably im*
pressed by the cordiality shown to him
everywhere and anxious to improvf
the opportunity afforded by his stay.

Another distinguished visitor whoj
will make his appearance in this couni
try soon, is "W. A. Hass. attached t«
the Academy of Natural Sciences ai
Berlin, Germany. He comes as l
special commissioner to investigate
Yankee methods of bee culture.

It seems that the German bee-keepi
ers are awakening to the fact that th«
Americans by their superior methods
of housing and handling bees for pro
ducing comb and extracted honeyi
have captured much trade which th«|
Germans formerly monopolized.

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

207

The German (lOveniment. through
its Agii-icultural Bureau, wants to find
out how it's being done and sends Mr.
Hass over here to loolv around and
gather points. The result will be the
discarding of antiquated makes of
hives and the substitution of Amer-
' ican hives and furniture, it is predict-
ed.

Rutledge, Pa., Sept. 13, 1904.

The photograph was snapped by Mr.
H. L. Jones, of Goodna, Queensland,
at a short distance from his apiary
during one of his rambles through the
bush. I have no doubt such a colony
would winter easily in Queensland, but
I should think there would be greater
risks in summcn* from the heat. Mr.
Jones says that "It was about ten feet
from the ground and quite exposed to

AN OPEN AIR COLONY.

IN last issue I gave a picture of a very
large colony of bees working in the
open air on the limbs of a lemon
tree. Certainly the limbs and leaves
of the tree offered considerable protec-
tion to the bees. In this issue I give a
picture of a colony working, aye, thriv-
ing too, on the underside of an iron-
bai'k log that had fallen across a gully.

the sun and rain. I knew of its ex-
istence for some time and was unable
to get an opportunity to photograph it
until the bees had swarmed as you
will note they did from the queen cells
showing on the edges of the comb. It
must have been a strong swarm capa-
ble of covering all the outside combs,
otherwise they would certainly have
melted down." Mr. Jones, when speak-

208

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

ing to me about the swarm, regretted down through the bees. This seema
that he was unable to take the photo rather severe treatment, but it is a
before the swarm issued, but I think sure cure, and will ett'ectually dampea
the swarm is more interesting as it is, their ardor for the time being and they
showing that they can thrive in the will forget all about swarming for that
open. A close examination of the pic- day.
ture will show that it is still occupied The use of water, as above, has
by the number of bees to be seen on saved me from many a mix-up when
the comb. — Australasian Bee-kee^ier. swarms were issuing one right after
the other.

NOTES IN GENERAL.

By O. C. Fuller.

Bee-keepers " Too Previous,"

Wonder what has become of those

formaldehyde^ — foul brood — cure shout

et's? Have they crawled into a hole

and pulled the hole in after them? Ah

The Season, Etc
•DITOR BEE KEEPER: Sometime yes I see they have be^n in the hole

EI

ago my son subscribed for The but have come out again and hav€

American Bee-Keeper and of downed the new cure, at least the Ohio I

course I read it too, and like it vei'y Bee-Keepers Association has done so.

much. Aren't we bee keepers "a little toci

The past winter was the most dis- previous" in shouting before we have

asti'ous on bees I have ever known in given a thing a thorough ti'ial?

my eighteen years of beekeeping, hav- We are too apt to begin shouting and

ing lost over half of m3' colonies by the to rush into print — when we see an

time settled warm weather came in the apparent result without waiting long

spring. enough to fully test it. And when onei

We have had an excellent honey flow begins to shout many will at once jump;

so far this season and I have about fill- up and follow in his wake, only to end!

ed up the vacant places (made by the in failure and disappointment. So i1

past winter in my yard) with swarms; has been with the formaldehyde fouli

and swarming still continues. In fact, brood cure. I have been through the;

we have almost a continuous honey mill and know what I am talking,

flow from April till firost, and of course about. Someone says the cause ol

have the attendant swarming. Last your failure was that you did not have

year I had swarms come off up to Sept. your tank tight enough.

Buckwheat,
Large quantities of buckwheat are

Well I had my tank so tight, that
placing my mouth over the hole in thi|
lid and blowing into it the air wouW

that it will unite with the gas and fori
formic acid." Then I tried it that waj
and occassionally raised the lid, and
with my big straw hat fanned air intfi
it with a vengeance but the result was
the same — failure! Every colony thai

grown in this section, and I have never force back on removing the lips fro
known it to entirely fail to vield honey; the hole like it would from the bung
and as sowings are made any time ^ barrel. Then some other fellow go
from the first of June to the last of to the other extreme and says "Yo
July, the honey flow from it is conse- iV"!^.i^i .'?l^"*?l ^^^'i?" iV**'7°"^' *^"^
quently extended over several weeks, ^' " "^ ' ' ^
hence the bees swarm sometimes more
than they do during cloven- bloom.
Buckwheat swarms are always cross
and hard to handle and while not de-
sirable, often gather enough stores for
winter, and bv the aid of full sheets of I treated with the gas was apparentlj
foundation, can be made into good colo- cured, as the first batch of brood would
nies for winter, and the voung queens l^e evenly sealed and seemed to be
raised in the parent colonies make the liealthy. But, when the queen wouW
very best for next season's work. lay in the cells vacated by the first

batch of young bees, the disease woulc
Handling Swarms. again appear with all its virulence.

In casting al^out for something to In talking with foul brood inspectoi
hold biick a swarm that has stiirted to Stewart of New York State, he inti-j
issue when ;i swarm is nlready in the mated that the gas treatment might be
jiir, I discovered that tlie only thing all eight with scientific and experienc-1
that would stop them from coming out ed bee-keepers but that it would be a[
was to dash a pail of water over the failure in the hands of the commonj
frames, so that the water will I'un run, so I have settled down to the con-

II

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

209

"Swift as thought the flitting shade
*Thro' air liis momentary journey
made."

elusion that, when a colony is found HARDSCRABBLE LETTER NO. 2.

infected, immediate destruction is the

■;afest course to take. A-h-h-h-h

Yes, we bee-keepers are very apt to
chase after every ij,niis fatuus that
iomes along, only to regret it — after we
"ake time to look around and see where
we are at.

Then let us make haste slowly in Yes, I can flit when I have to, but I
chasing after eveii-y now-fangled thing don't have to, don't want to and don't,
that so frequently bobs up above the The trouble is with you uns. You get
bee-keeping horizon. nervous. Now nerves are a nuisance,

Turbotville, Pa., Aug. 8, 1904. most wuss nor a super-sensitive con-

science. Oh vou needn't run over in

KEEPING DOWN AN EXCESS OF your mind a list of the boys to see who

POLLEN.

By C. S. Harris.

D

has one. It would take too long and
the final collection would be blamed
small. Consciences interfere powerful
bad with the "borrowing" practice,

EACON HARDSCRABBLE wish 4. , , • ,

es I would tell of some way of ^''^"f troublesome memories, and g-en-
keeping superfluous pollen out f "f "^ T^ transgressors uncomfor-

table for which reason, Harry,
you will find most of the boys
keep there's locked up at least
six days in the week. Talking

if the hives. This is something I have

lever sought to do. for in those cases

v'here it was crowding the brood-nest,

vhen brood was most desirable, I have ^ . • ^ ^ n , .,

emedied the trouble, to some extent ?^ .^„?"f,^'^^a^^. J"ll_"^!"L^"^_.^!^^!

to drink. (Please pass some of that

lemonade of Popp's.) Why? Oh I can't

bother to say. But that Hewitt chap

introduce Punics to

uns won't have 'em

t least, by an exchange of combs.
To tell the truth, I have never yet
ound it necessary to remove any pol- . . 11 +

?n from combs, although this locality ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^'"^ ^^

3 strong in pollen, for the bees manage ^'^ ""'^ ^"^^^ ."" *^ , t *i ^ .. ^^ ^.
o make use of it in the course of the ^^"^^^^^ "^l ^}^' f^*l ] thought that
gggQQ you were trying to help him out by

I have run up against more than one ^"^^ing that article from the "Field."
eason of late when nothing but pollen GeewhiHikms, Harry, didn t you see
* '- those Punics went to India in a

"Holland's gin case'' and when they
got there "were fed a stimulating

pas being stored, and I assure you I

welcomed it. even if in undue quality,

or I have learned that sugar syrup „ ^^ ^ t ■ •

. not a complete food, but ^hen ^^y^P^ ^^'J ^f ^^' ^'^^« ^° »'° ^^'^

ounded out with pollen will answer its f "*1 ^^^^ stimulants need never expect

urpose. And bees are better engaged *? ^^ received by the elect 'of these

diggings. Never for an instant, my
boy, for 'twould spoil their gold brick
trade.

From the looks of the trail of
Swarthmore's queeui and drone one
wonders what kind of stimulating

Holly Hill,Fla., Feb. 12, 1904.
Bees Make Record.

1 bringing in pollen than in nosing
round for mischief.
The use of perforated metal at the
ntrance of hives, when pollen was
oming in too freely, might give some

elief, as many loads will be scrapped ^, 1, , tt n /i mi- t 1

rom the pollen baskets as the bees ^^7"^ t^^T,^f .• Holland, Flip, Jvilep or
jj^gj, what? What is your favorite. Brother

Swarthmore? Mine's Julep.

Let's see "stimulating" is the key-
note of the feeding habit. I just won-
der where the boys got the idea. Y''ou

Cross Mills, Pa., July 29.-One of d^'"',* '^P^^^ '^^^^ ^°^'^^ «^ ^''^'^' ^«
ae best harvests of honey ever re- ^^^j
5rded in Berks county, was made by
16 veteran bee-keeper, John Dleffen-
ack who is considered one of the best "

ee culturists in this country. From The Southwestern Bee Company, H.
)ur colonies of bees he extracted a H. Hyde. Sec'y., 4.3S W. Houston St.,
narter ton of honey. San Antonio, "Texas, is a new subscrip-

The bees are known as Italian bees, tion agency at which patrons of The
-Philadelphia Inquirer. Bee-Keeper may enroll.

ell, mv pipe's gone out, so I guess
I'll be "flitting" A-h-h-h-huh!

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

i»

GERMANY. ever we can form an idea from othei

circumstances. It is of importanc*
Drone Laying Queens.— Dicliel says whether we find irregularly laid eggil
in Die Biene: The symptoms of a ju drone cells or in worlier cells
dtt-one breeder are, "decrease in the When worker bees begin to lay egg;
number of workers and the appear- after the loss of a queen they use dron
ance of small drones in constantly in- cells ri-incipally. In the absence o
creasing numbers. Looking into the drone cells it requires a longer tim.
hive the brood is found irregular, the before the workers start any brood
sealings convex. Some of the larvae when a queen is present the bees be
are of an unhealthy appearance and h^ye normally. They prepare to rea
perhaps some are dead. Eggs are scat- worker brood and clean up worke
tering, a number of them found in ^ells only. The eggs, though in irregi]
single cells. These characteristics do lar fashion, are theirefore found in
not reveal anything about the origin of them. To cure a colony afflicted, ha\
the eggs, for they may be laid either by i„g ^ drone laving queen is simpl>
a worn-out or defective queen, or by enough, for such will accept a ne^
workers when the colony has been queen after the removal of the old on
without queen or means to rear one ^s easilv as any other colony. The
for a long time. It has been taught till will also accept a ripe cell or rear
this, that queen bees always deposit qneen themselves from young broo

given. A colony with laying worker

young bees can be made to start cellsj^

A dictionary of apicultural terms :
one of the latest books out. Of cours*
it is in German, gotten up by Dr, (
Krancher. Leipzig; Two thousand fi'*

tlierein.

eggs properly; i. e., securely glued to

bottom of cell and standing on end, '(^ not so easfly cured. ^ New bloo
while eggs deposited by workers show ^^st be infused first bv giving comt
up irregular. I found after mak- ^f hatching brood. After that thes
ing numerous experiments that a
part of the eggs laid by workers show-
ed up regularly, some otherwise and
lying on their sides, attached to the
bottom or sides of cells. The eggs
from queens which had been prevent-

ed froni mating, appear exactly the hundred 'terms are properly explaine
same. The eggs of normal queens
wether they are worker eggs (fertili-
zed eggs) or drone eggs (so-called un- „ , . ^. „. ^ ,
fertilized eggs) are always put into ^ urth says m Die Biene: to mat
cells regularlv (glued to" bottom of bees amiable let them fill up on ' hoi^
cells and standing on end. inclined ey" to avoid robbing; do not feed
more or less). The fact that worker spi'ing but give enough in the fall 1
and drone eggs (fertile and unfertile last till honey comes again."
eggs) laid by a normal queen appear

the same, is a proof that the mating of Reidenbach advocates handling bee
the queen bee has also influenced the during the early hours of the day. I
eggs which are to produce drones. And the morning, he says, during June an
by the way. another proof is: Young. July as early as 4 o'clock,
unmated queens continue laying eggs

but for a few months, which mated Even the advertisements In >ot

queens continue for several years, foreign exchanges are of interest
(even laying drone eggs.) looking over the Lepz. Bienenzeitu!

It appears that we cannot .iudge as to we find the following articles etc.,
the origin of the eggs from the manner fered sor sale: Honey-extractor whll
the eggs are found in the cells, how- works without can; foundation mo''

1

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

211

or small bee-keepers to make their
\vn foundation, queen bees of all
inds, as the browu or German, the
talian, Cj'priau Carniolan, Northern
r Norwegian, Red-clover queens,
leath bees, crosses of all and any of
lie above named. There seems to be
large business done In bees by the
ound or swarm, particularly in Heath
ud Carniolani bees. Bee hives are
dAcrtised in large numbers from the
traw-skep up to the most elaborate
Pavillion." Even Dr. Dzierzon is still
1 this business selling hives of any
iiul. but particularly his "twin hive."
iiiong other supplies we also find
ood for brood frames. This is soft
ood, sawed in strips about one inch
ide and 1-4 inch thick. Tobacco ad-
ertisements figiire quite prominently,
count eight or ten sugar advertise-
lents, offering fruit sugar, uncolored
eet sugar, crystalized sugars, malt
Ligar. crystal sugar free from sul-
furic acid, etc. Honey is freely ad-
ertised, much more freely than in
merica although comb honey is sel-
3m advertised, and perhaps little pro-
uced. Different shaped glass cans
ir holding honey are offered by many
rms. Some glass cans to hold as lit-
e as one-quarter pound and up to five
lounds. Many other things might be
. inumerated, but we will let this suffice.

BELGIUM.

Mr. C. P. Dadant writes to the
Rucher Beige:

"At the beginning, there is no differ-
ence in the appearance of the diseased
brood, whether it is foul brood, black
brood or pickled brood. Later a con-
siderable difference is seen. In cases
of foul brood, the dead ba-ood becomes
brown, nearly liquid and of a glue-like
nature, while in the other diseases it
dries out completely to the extent of
sometimes falling off from the walls
of the cells.

"Last summer two of my neighbors
had diseased bees. In less than a
month the bees were cured through a
treatment with oil of eucalpytus. The
process Avas to put some wool cotton
saturated with the oil in a small box
with a perforated cover and put the
box in the infected hive. The oil was
renewed every fourth day until com-
pletely cured. I found the formalde-
hyde ineffective. There is no danger
of getting foul brood from foundation.
The melted wax impregnated with
spores and entombed in a sheet of wax
will never rise from the dead. "

Frequently spring or well water con-
tains some iron. If used in melting
wax, the iron is liable to darken the
was considerably .^Le Rucher Beige.

SWITZERLAND.

J The district around Wynental is

■afflicted with foul brood. The rather

idical means of destroying bees,

>mbs and all, except the hives, is

racticed to eradicate the disease.

Foul brood is also reported from
lussnacht, Solothurn and Berne. —
chweiz. Bztg.

The question is asked in the same
aper: "Why are queens from the first
atch better than those of the second
le?" (Are they any better?)

The Schweiz. Bienenzeitung publish-
^ the names of hotel and resorts
here only genuine honey is served.
A. splendid idea.)

Spuehler tells in Schweiz. Bztg. of
aving invented a reversible extractor;
le need of such, he says, has been
^It a long time. His machine is min-
tely described and illustrated. Its
)nstruction differs from the Cowan.

Mr. Gunther attempted to calculate
the cost of wax in honey or sugar. He
lodged a strong swarm on frames hav-
ing only very small starters, added a
comb of pollen and fed 15 pounds of
sugar during the following two weeks.
As the weather happened to be rainy
the bees could not gather anything out-
side. At the end of the two weeks
there was enough comb built to fill 11
half frames. The brood occupied six
and there was about four pounds of
syrup in the others, some of it capped.
Counting the cost of sugar and the
value of the brood, the cost of the
comb contained in a frame would be
only five cents. The size of the frame
is liot given. If it is the Dadant-Blatt
the 11 half frames would be equivalent
to about eight American L. frames. If
it is the DeLayens, it would be con-
siderably more. — LeRucher Beige.

At Baden-Baden, some women were
arrested for selling adulterated honey .^
The buyer, a hotel keeper, was sum-
moned as witness. On being asked
whether he knew the honey was adul-
terated, he said he did. The judge
then asked him why he had bought it.

I

212 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Octobw;

The man very coolly answered that can invention, the wooden cell-cups,
when he bought genuine honey his Jung-Klaus apparently has difficulties
guests ate too much of it!— Le Rucheic in distinguishing between myth anfl
Beige. reality.

FRANCE. THE MARKET CONDITION.

Mr. Dufour has made some observa- A circular letter issued to the tradi
tions on the laying of the queens or by one of the most extensive importer
rather on the brood raised. The larg- of honey in New York is to the effec
est amount from his best colony was that a representative of the firm ha
an average of 1627 eggs per day dur- just returned from a tour of inspectior
ing the period between June 10th and through Cuba, and that he finds pros
July 1st. The same colony, between pects good for a large crop of hone)
April 9th and April 30th, showed a during the coming season. This houa
daily average of 1,120 eggs. Another advises its patrons that it has its ow)
colony, much weaker, produced only man "on the ground" in Cuba, that h
an average of 771 eggs between April is acquainted with the bee-kepers am
30th and May 21st. These figures is in a position to handle Cuban com
were obtained by counting the brood and extracted honey to great advair
present and therefore refers to the tage; and that only strictly white, welt
brood raised. The queens may have filled sections will be shipped. Tii
laid a much greater number of eggs quality, it is assured, will be A-1, an
than that. prices as low, if not lower, than for d.

Mr. Layens measured on April 15th mestic goods. Oh, no! "The Amer jo
the brood contained in his best col- can producer has nothing to fear froi
onies. He found a total of 13.496 West Indian competition."
square centimeters. This would cor- if only the product of the Unite
respond for each colony to a daily av- States were to be considered, it is sal
erage laying of only 304 eggs. to sav that prices would be higher th d

Mr. Dufour adds that the queens lay fall than in years; but with the heaT
considerably more eggs than the bees foreign competition that is developln
use. In one of his experiments, he it appears that prices are bound to ru
found some 850 eggs laid which dis- even lower than at present, regardles
appeared instead of being raised as of the extent of the domestic produc
brood.— L'Apitculteur. Conditions throughout the Union

present are such that the Americ?
ENGLAND. markets could hardly be supplied th

The Dundee-Advertiser reports the y^'^^' ^^ ^^ ^^''^ obliged to rely upc
following apicultural whopper: While ^^'^ ^J^l resources; yet the mdicatioi
D. Cooper was driving from Colliston ^J^ ^.^^f ?e seaboard cities will ha;
to his farm a swarm of bees followed ^^^*^ ^^^^^^ ""{^^^""'Su ^a"""^^- ^"^ ""^
them. Suddenly the queen bee of the f P"^^^ ^^^^ ^^^V^^^ American pr.
swarm entered the mouth of the <^"^er could meet with profit.

horse and the whole swarm followed

taking possession of the horses HONEY IN COURT HOUSE.

stomach. The horse died in agony." ^ colony of bees took up their aboo

in the ceiling and under the floors
AUSTRIA. the County Court House in Belvider

Jung-Klaus says in Deutsche Imker, N. Y., some months ago, and made lo
a regular bee-keeper should have no of honey. Sheriff Barker and Coun'
robbing in his yards. In other words Clerk Frith concluded they were e
he should not allow weak or queenless titled to gome of the sweets of this lit
colonies. Jung-Klaus also advises not instead of the Freeholders having thei
to disturb bees during the honey flow, all, and raided the bees, using aS'
He observed that a colony not disturb- weapon a peck or two of sulpht
ed had gained four pounds above one which they burned to dislodge tl
disturbed during one day. bees.

The fertilization or mating in a glass They then secured about seven*
bottle is reported by Jung-Klaus in five pounds of honey, which they vt
Deutsche Imker as being an American turn over to the Freeholders to he
invention. He has his fun over the pay the election bills. — ^Philadelph:
matter as w^ell as over another Ameri- Evening Telegraph.

!

304.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

213

Publishers who have been making
use of the old canard about "manu-
factured comb liuney" have been
brought to realize the fact that, even
if the bee is reported to have been
•■put out of business,'' there are yet a
number of bee-keepers in the country.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

HE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA-

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85

:nts; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one

,)stoffice.

.Postage prepaid in the United States and

anada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the

)Stal union, and 20 cents extra to all other

luntries.

Advertising Rates.
Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
ch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
)ns; seven per cent, for three insertions;
•enty per cent, for twelve insertions.
Advertisements must be received on or he-
re the 15th of each month to insure inser-
)n in the month following.
Matters relating in any way to business
ould invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.
Articles for publication or letters exclus''
r the editorial department may be addressed
H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.
(Subscribers receiving their paper in blvie
rapper will know that their subscription ex-
res with this number. We hope that you
ill not delay favoring us with a renewal.
A red wrapper on your paper inoicates that
lU ovre for your subscription. Please give
e matter your earliest attention.

The accepted belief that queens
never mate but once, is being sub-
jected to questioning more or less
severe from various sources. It
is not altogether improbable that
Ave have yet something to learn
in regard to this point, hither-
to supposed to have been established as
a fact beyond question.

Some breeders make a specialty of
supplying virgin queens for the trad6.
If these are from some certain stock
with which the buyer is acquainted
and satisfied, the plan may be satisfac-
tory; but a vin'gin queen affords no
means of testing the qualities of an
unknown race or strain. In fact,
where but one or two queens are to be
tested, nothing short of a selected,
tested mother affords any satisfactory
material from which to deteti'mine the
merits of the stock. If a virgin proves
worthless, it's easy for the breeder to
cliarge the fault to the male parent;
which, indeed, he might consistently
do.

A Scarborough, N. Y.. correspondent
rites a very commendatccy letter in
'gard to The Bee-Keeper's edi-
)rial policy in general and recom-
lends strict adherence thereto in the
itm'e. It is gratifying to receive such
ersonal expressions of appreciation
nd approval, as well as to get cour-
'ous letters of criticism. They all help,
nd foe- this assistance our readers
ave our thanks.

Notwithstanding the announcement,
upon several occasions, that the editor
of The Bee-Keeper has but one colony
of "Punic" bees, and has had these less
than a year, we have recently received
several urgent n'equests that we give
our personal opinion of these bees. To
all of these we can but repeat that our
personal experience is necessarily too
meagre to support any well defined
opinion. Opinions without some foun-
dation are worthless. The individual
colony in our possession this season
was the only one in an apiary of sixty
colonies that cast a swarm. They have
been active honey gatherers and have
been, under all circumstances, very
gentle and amiable. The queen is
more than ordinarily prolific. Read-
ers who are interested in the subject
are now in possession of all knowledge
in regard to "Pnnic'' bees that is at the
writer's command. Elsewhere in this
number of The Bee-Keeper, however,
Professor Benton gives his own
"opinion" and "experience," as opposed
to that of INIr. Hewitt which appeared
in these columns last month.

I

214

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October.

FIRST CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINA-
TION IN APICULTURE.

an and their crosses with selecte
strains of the blacks, or Germans. W
are not so particular as we once wer fii
The first Civil Service examination to have all stock like Royal Bakin ,|i
in apiculture ever ordered by the Unit- powder— "absolutely pure." It shoul
ed States Government bears date of be borne in mind bv the inexperience*
July 29, 1904, and occured August 31st, however, that there are very inferic
and was conducted to secure eligibles stt-ains of Italians in existence; an
from which to make certification to fill purity is by no means a guarantee <
a vacancy in the position of Apicul- excellence in any race of bees. 0
tural Clerk (eitheir sex), at a salary of the other hand, excellent strains ma
$720 per year, in the Bureau of Ento- be found among any of the varioi
mology, U. S. Department of Apicul- races. A little careful selection— wit
ture, and other similar vacancies as a keen eye solely to the matter of desi
they may occur in that Department, able traits or qualities, will result in
The examination consisted of the fol- short time in the development of
lowing subjects, and were weighted as satisfactory strain. Being select(

indicated:

^^'eights.
Spelling (twenty words of more than

average difficulty) 3

Arithmetic (fundamental rules, fractions,

percentage, interest, discount, analysis.

with a view to acquiring the particul,
habits or character which our indivi
ual requirements remand, the result <
such selection will correspond. Anothi
apiarist, difEerently situated and with
different object in view, might not a

and statement of simple accounts S predate the Very qualities which T

3. Letter-writing (a letter of not less than

150 words on some subject ot general
interest. Competitors will be permitted
to select one of two subjects given) • 7

4. Penmanship (the handwriting of the

competitor in the subject of copying
will be considered with special refer-
ence to the elements of legibility,
rapidity, neatness, general appearance,
etc.) 3

5. Copying (a test consisting of two exer-

cises— the first to be an exact copy of
the matter given, and the second to be
the writing of a smooth copy of rough-
draft manuscript, including the correc-
tion of errors of spelling, capitalization,
syntax, etc.) 5

6. Copying from plain copy (writing with

the typewriter an exercise consisting of
450 words, paragraphing, spelling, cap-

liave striven to secure for our person
use.

From the knowledge at our coi
mand, however, we believe the leatht
colored Italian and the German
safe a base upon which to build as ^
have, though it appears to be the pa
of wisdom to test, to a limited extei
new varieties and races, in order to
in a position to acquire or adopt a:
commending traits they may be fou
to possess.

THE ADVANCE OF APICULTUR
Apiculture is now officially recogn
ed by the United States Governme
at Washington, and is on a solid fO'
ing, equal with other branches in t
Department of Agriculture.

Our old friend and occasional cc

italizing, and punctuating precisely as , ., , ^ , ,, ^ i . ^ nr- i •

.... -10 tributor, John M. Rankin, of Michigj

in the copy) J-'i ., ^^ ' ,. _~i.-_ •»f-„,.A:„ ^j: n^^ "„.

7. Copying from rough draft (the competi-
tor will be required to make, with the
typewriter, a fair copy of a rough-draft

and Mr. Leslie Martin, of Tenness
have recently been appointed "Spec
Agents in Apiculture," to assist A

Th<

..^j.. ....... .... o ^ cultural Investigator Benton. Th

'ractical" questions ' in apicuhure: ■.'.■..... 50 ''Special Agents in Apiculture" will

Total

located in Washington, but at tire

100 will go out for field observations a

work.

All reading bee-keepers nre aw£
that this progress is but an outgrow

THE BEST BEE.

W. M. B., Spartanburg, S. C, writes of the years of quiet, persistent vm
to ask what is the best bee we have that has been brought to bear at Was
tried for the South. ington by Prof. Benton, and the f

We have not tried all the different ternity owe to him a debt of gratitu»

races; but have introduced many dif- ■

ferent strains of Italians, and know of Correspondence schools of bee-ke
no better bee for either the North or ing are springing up at divers plae
the South than the three-banded Itali- Great scheme — for the "schools."

l'J04.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

215

•HARVESTING BEE STINGERS."

Several readers have called our at-
L'litiou to an article in tlie Fhiladel-
hia North American for August 8,
la bora ting the details of a great in-
ustry carried on at Jenkintown, N.
., by W. A. Selser, in extracting bee
lings to secure the poison for medical
urposes. While it is not improbable
tiat Mtt". Selser makes something of a
nsiness of supplying chemists, as in-
irated, the article is for the most part
Itsurd and ludicrous. The following
aragraph will suffice to illustrate the
eneral foolishness . of the thing as
ublished:

Doesn't Hurt the Bee.

'As the loss of the stinger does not
nterfei*e with the honey-producing
apacitj' of the bees, the apiarists are
nding fortune in the newly discover-
d cuH:e,and a gi'eat impetus has been
iven to bee cultivation. The stingers
ring $8 or $9 a thousand."

THAT "PUZZLE."
In The Bee-Keeper for July, page
4S, was published a puzzling question,
nd we offered $1.00 for the best solu-
on of the matter sent in by a begin-

'ffer before July 15th. Professional
piarists as well as amateurs have sent
1 replies, but to present writing we
re at a loss to tell who is entitled to
le dollar, for the reason that, to the
ditor's mind not one reply has really

ri|ierited the reward. There seems to
are been no "best" or "most plausi-
le" solution received.
We have waited patiently for some-
ne else to solve the problem, but as no
plausible solution" has come to hand,
tie editor gives his oavu deferred re-

^:. ponse, foe- which W. H. F. has asked.

Is follows:

Bereft of brood, queen and all else
ertaining to "home,'' and placed in a
lark room, it is the most natural thing
1 the world that a cluster of bees, in
esponse to the "call" from some lone

_'j idividual, should congregate some-
'^here in the room; and the most likely

^ lace would be in one of the supers.

;!, Tnder similar, or the same conditions
uch a chister has been known to dc-
elop laying workers and attempt to
stablish themselves independently.
Then such a cluster was brushed he-
are a hive, lost and lonely, they would
sadlly enter any hive. Though war

'jj '■Quid result to a greater or less extent

''^*' any time, fighting would be the

more intense and determined at night.
This is The American Bee-Keeper's
solution. If W. Z. Iltitchinson or E. K.
Root, Beedom's supremo .judge.s, will
supply (to their own minds) a moire
"plausible solution," they may either
one, or each, have a dollar.

Elditof Adelsbach, of the Western
Bee Journal, summarizes the apicul-
tural situation in California about as
follows: 4,000 bee-keeperSi (luite a
number of which have from 1,000 to 1,-
500 colonies, while one man controls
8,000 colonies. It is estimated that
there is within the state about 3O0-
000 colonies, representing an invest-
ment of $1,500,000, and an annual ex-
penditure of $250,0<J0. The value of
the annual product is about $1,250,000.

We shall be pleased to have brief
reports of the season from our readers.
Matter for publication should be writ-
ten upon only one side of the paper;
lines should not be too closely written,
and a margin should always be left
at side and top of sheet. The editor's
chief delight is in receiving letters
from his readers: but he begs to sug-
gest that before writing, each one will
kindly pick up all the lead pencils in
the house, walk away two or thtree
miles and lose every one of them.

One of our northern correspondents
seems to take a special delight when
writing our southern office, in alluding
to the fact that Florida has but five
members of the National Association.
Does he not know that every state
maintains a similar or larger percen-
tage of bee-keepers who remain on
the outside in order to be qualified to
administer impartial and unbiased ad-
vice, as well as expert criticism?

Mr. W. W. McNeal, our staff cor-
respondent, of Wheelersburg, Ohio, has
met a failure in the honey crop this
season, excepting a small quantity of
very dark stock. Mr. McNeal is.
however, vtery philosophical, besides
being a veritable mocking bird at
whistling, and he is already warbling
merrily as he contemplates the rich
possibilities of the future and makes
preparation for the season of 1905.

An exchange says, in substance, that
the greatest enemy of the bee is the
ignorant bee-keeper.

216

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

Goozenheimer nnd the "Bee Cure."

I haf been out to der voods mit Vig-
glesburger, also Dr. Schuhorner, vare
ve bat der time uf our lives. Viggles-
burger hat der rheumatism und ve der
experience.

Der event camed aboud as following.
A day or two ago recently Viggles-
burger passed by mein delicatessen
shop and set, "Henrich, nefer vos I so
diseouragemends mit dese rheuma-
tisms, nefer. I haf tried efery dings
under der vays uf der sun to cure me
disailment, but today I am more un-
vellness den nefer before or after-
wards. Vot now to did I cannod find
cud."

"Vhy is you so dejected mit der mel-
ancholy uf your ailment ven der med-
ical science vos nefer so vonderness as
today?" I set.

"Vot haf der medical science to did
mit rheumatism?" set Vigglesburger,
exciting his speakings. "Haf I nod
dem all tried, Henrich, from archeolo-
gy und entomology down to trigonom-
etry und zoology, also including oster-
apathy,''

"Veil, vel," I set, "vhat you did for
you railment mit in der few days or
a veek recendly?"

"Vhat haf I did?" set Vigglesburger,
using a tone to his voice like vould
call der police, "listen your attention
alretty. Lasd veek I took me der cold
water cure. 'Drink concopiously uf
vater,' set der physicianer, '11 or 8
gallons a day.' Und I dit id, Goozie.
Den came annudder physicianer und
he set ids dropsy you haf, und pre-
scribed me un engine to pump me
quick out. After dot camed annudder
physicianer und he set: 'See her,
you're starving your pores, und also
your body. Id's rheumatism uf der
appitite you haf. Ead, ead,' he set,
'ead like a pig— you need id der
strength to fight der disease.'

"Veil, I eated und eated, Heinrich,
till mein interior departments vent in-
to der receiver's hands, und efery -
dings I ate vent straight to meiu
stomach.

"Den annudder physicianer came.
Set he: 'Ids a diet you vnnt,' and or-
dered some sparrow bird's milk and
canary bird seed. Der canary bird seed
vill make you so chipper, but vos I so
chipper ven I fell downstairs from der
veakness I hat?"

"Vigglesburger made a silence as he

paused his remarks to a stillness, vile
I vent to a mirror for reflections.

"Vait, vait," I set, "haf you heard
uf der 'bee cure?' " as suddenly der
memory handed oud its remembrance,
"Now dots a cure vot is a cure. In ids
infancy id is, bud scientifikers claim id
der greadest dlscofery uf der time un^
der age."

"Vot to dit mit rheumatisms hal
bees?" set Vigglesburger, witoui
showing der least particle uf aston
ishes on der weather exposure uf his
countenance.

"Uf tomorrow ve can get Dr. Schu
horner to accompany us," I set, "ve vil
visit der voods und also der bees."

Dr. Schuhoi'ner consented, so de
nexd day ve vent to der forest. Threi
hours later der doctor discovered somi
bees in der trunlv uf a tree, und de
treatment uf Vigglesburger for hi
rheumatism commenced.

"Strp yourself uf eferydings bu
your balbriggans," set der doctor, "um
take your stand dare in front uf de
tree."

Vigglesburger took his stand as h(
roicals as der Dewey arch.

"Id's mein opinion," set der doctoi
"dot 8 or 12 stings vill suwcient yo
yet. Bee stings vos poison, und as i
takes like to cure like, vhich I beliv.
der old theory, your ailment Vill fle
like birds on der viing."

Eferydings vos readiness und I pol
ed ad der tree to bring out der bees.

"Gently ad first," cried der docto
bivouaclving hisself behind him a tre
some distance avay.

Biz! biz! zum! zum! as out came
some bees.

"Wow!" yelled Vigglesburger, as da
bited like mad on his collar bone ye

"Stand your ground," cried der dO'
tor. "Now, poke dem again," und
poked dem some more.

Biz! biz! zum! zum! biz! biz!

"Wow! Wow!" yellezd Vigglesbu
ger, more deafening den effer. as d(
bees bit him on his soloappoplexus

"Doan'd flinch." set der doctoi
"poke again," und I poked.

Biz! biz! zum! zum! biz! biz! zun
zum! Dis poke vos der lasd und d<
noise vhat followed vos like der roa
ing volcano.

"Hornets!" yelled der doctor, tea
ing through der voods, like der nois
uf a train. "Flee for our lives!"

"Help! Wow! Help!" screache
Vigglesburger, leaping In der air like

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

217

hop chumping jack; bud too late came
der ciy, for ve vos surrounded py hor-
nets.

"Himmel upon Himmels! Call der
police, Vigglesburger," I yelled, as ef-
ei"y hornet in der tree fell upon us mit
his defouring madness.

"Help, doctor, help!" cried Viggles-
burger, vile using some language uf
brimestone, bud der doctor vos out uf
der voods, didding der street in six
minutes or less.

Der angry, maddened hornets chased
our anatomies und bited dem till our
bodies vos full uf holes like der por-
us plaster. Vigglesburger ran as fast
as he could to der edge uf der voods,
den py accident hung up on a barbed
wire fence by his underclothes. I es-
caped ad last mid difficulties, und id
vos a sorry sight I presentation ven I
limped me to home. Mein body vios
iev size uf a balloon, vile mein face
\'Ore a bake apple expression.

Ve aftervards learned dot ve did not
take bee treatment correctly, und ven
Vigglesburger told me dis I dismissed
tiim from mein presence at once and
rent about mein business, to forget
Vigglesburger, his rheumatisms und
der whole oudfid. — Boston Sunday
iGlobe.

THE DECLINING LUMBER
SUPPLY.

Much has been said recently in re-
gard to the threatening scarcity of
lumber from which to construct hives,
and for general use. We recently re-
ceived from Mr. Hutchinson, of the
Bee-Keepers' Review, a splendid pho-
tograph, taken by Mr. Hutchinson,
himself, entitled, "Michigan's Last
Pines," and in deploring the passing
of these stalwart giants of the forest
he wrote feelingly. The problem is
indeed a momentous one, as it affects
all consumers of lumber, and the list
practically includes everyone.

It is hard to conjecture as to what
will be the ultimate outcome of this
condition, but it appears that much of
the supply for some years hence must
come from the South. There is, we
believe, no lumber in the world better
suited to the requirements of the bee-
keeper than cypress, and the eyes of
alert lumbermen are turning south-
ward. As a mere example of the situ-
ation as it exists at present, we deem
the following from the Jacksonville
(Fla.) Times-Union, of recent date.

worthy of reproduction, as it will give
our readers a glimpse of affairs which
indicate the trend of the times:

"D. Beacham and H. H. Shackel-
ton, the former of Orlando and the lat-
ter of Luddingtou, Mich., have formed
a copartnershi]) and have located
offices in Jacksonville.

"The business purposes of the firm
are to buy and sell pine and cypress
timber lands, but they will do no com-
mission business. Mr. Beacham of the
firm is the largest individual land
owner in the state, and for a number
of years has conducted a business in
the buying and selling of timber from
his office at Orlando.

"Mr. Shackelton came to Floi'ida
from Michigan more than a year and
a half ago. During that time he has
brought many investors to the State,
aggregating nearly two million dol-
lars in the amounts invested. Mr.
Shackelton came from a timber coun-
try, Michigan being his former home,
and has brought a number of his for-
mer fellow citizens of that great lum-
ber State to operate in the cypress and
pine of Florida. Timber has about
played out in Michigan, and with the
passing of the timbered lands in that
State a large number are now finding
themselves without occupation in the
vocation to which they have devoted
their lives. Having learned the timber
and lumber business thorougaly, they
are now seeking homes in another
land of promise, and a goodly number
of them are finding it in Florida.

"^Ir. Shackelton has himself been an
extensive buyer of Florida timber, and
it vrilL be the business of Beacham &
Shackelton to handle only their own
properties. The firm now owns in the
neighborhood of five hundred thous-
and acres of timber, besides a number
of orange groves and some city prop-
erty. They have holdings in Levy,
De Soto, Brevard, Osceola and Orange
counties."

Boston, Aug. 20. — The honey market is in a
very unsettled condition, or rather, we might
say that the absence of any demand practi-
cally makes no market. As a general thing,
we do not look to see a demand until cooler
weather creates a certain demand.

Prices at this time are, therefore, practical-
ly normal. The very finest tlimg is bringing
16 cents, and from that down.

Stocks are coming in very slowly, but that
is to be expected at this time.

Blake, Scott & Lee.

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

j^" Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional w^ords, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices,
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(3-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivi red
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO. 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5 5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS
ASS'N, 1440 Market St, Denver, Colo. 5-

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South WaU
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

HONEY AND BEESVrAX
MARKET.

Cincinnati, Sept. 15. — There is an improve-
ment in the honey market, so far as extracted
honey is concerned. The demand has increased
considerably, but the supply is limited, owing
to the fact that bee-keepers in general are
mistakably holding their crop for better prices.
We quote amber extracted, in barrels, at SJ^
to S cents.

The comb honey situation is badly demor-
alized, being aught but encouraging. Quote
fancy white clover comb honey at 14 to 15
cents. Beeswax, 26 and 28 cents.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

No. 51 Walnut St.

Chicago, Aug. 18. — Some new honey is on
sale. No. 1 to fancy white brings 12 to 13
cents. So far, the demand is slow. Extracted,
good supply, and white grades sell at 6 to 7
cents; amber, 5 to 6 cents, according to kind,
quality, flavor and package. Beeswax, 28
cents. R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 South Water St.

darker shades, $2.25 to $2.50; white extracte(
7 cents. Beeswax, good demand at 30 cent
C. C. demons & Co

Cent"a=Word Column

SHAKERS' TOBACCO CURE positive
cures tobacco habit for $1.00, or money re
turned. Harmless, yet effective. Enabl
you to stop at once or regulate amoui
used. Enough sent for $1.00 to comple
cure. Satisfaction guaranteed. Shak

Chemical Co., Station "F," Cincinnati, Ohi

March 5.

WANTED.-^To buy one or two barrels
honey — new white clover extracted or oth
nice kind. Quote lowest price. Write Chs
E. Friend & Co., Manchester, Va. 10-lt

k

Denver, Aug. 16.— The supply of honey is
good. The demand is only fair, as there is
much fruit in the market. We quote our mar-
ket today as follows: Comb, No. 1 white, per
case of twenty-four sections, $2.75; No.
2, $2.50. Extracted, 6 3-4 to 7J^ cents, in
a local way, with light demand. Beeswax, 22
to 25 cents.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association.

1440 Market St.

Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 30.— With cooler
weather the demand for honey is slowly in-
creasing, and prices are firm, as follows: Fan-
cy white comb, $3.00 per case; amber, and

"INCREASE" is the title of a little boo
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make i
winter losses without much labor and wit
out breaking up full colonies; entirely n«
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. A
dress E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7

FOR SALE — A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera covti
plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost
will sell with leather case for $.1.50 casl
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, >
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady
cost J150, in first-class condition, was built t
order for the owner. Tires new. Will se
for J25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. A<
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakcviev
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

Ik

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nm
ties, good commission allowed. Send U
catalogue and terms. American Manufa) i''
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

ONE-HALf INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDIinA, OHIO
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

\ UEENS from Jamaica any day in the
' year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
t tested, $1.50. Our queens arc reared from
; very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
i-Mar P O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

■VWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113 PROVI-
DENCE, R. I., is tilling orders for the popu-
, , hardy, honey-getting Providence strain of
■ eens. Write for free information.

i H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO
'• (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
<lden yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan
< :ens, bred from select mothers in separate
i aries.

f>HN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL. TENN.
-^ sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold
c Italian queens that skill and experienct
C produce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No
dsase.

f UIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
^ ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
tlr wintered on their summer stands within
• ew miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Fe Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

V J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA., breed-
' • er of Choice Italian Bees and Queens.
3 lity, not quantity, is my motto.

C WARTHMORE APIARIES, SVV ARTII-
O MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS? If so I
can furnish you queens of the following races
by return mail : Three- and flve-banded Italians,
Cyprians, Uoly Lands, Carniolans and Albinos.
Untested of either race. 75c each; select untested,
Sl.OO each; six for $4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested,
of either race, $2.00 each; si.x for $10.00; one dozen
$18.00; Breeders, $4.-50 each. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas. Aug. 5

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and Carniolans. We guarantee sa
arrival. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MjCH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.(K).

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. A

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particular.^ pn<;t free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield. England. 4

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I ex-
tracted 300 pound.s per colony in 1903. Thos.
Worthington, Leota, Misi. Aug. 5

The Bee= Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

Opportunities for making money out of
bee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
keeper with a single apiary, from which he
makes a living in a good year, and nothing in
a poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

secure a good location, if not already in pos-
session of one, adopt such methods as will en-
able him to branch out and manage several
apiaries, he will find that in a good year he can

Pile up Honey

ton upon ton — enough to support himself and
family for several years. 1 he Review is help-
ing bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

in making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ing of a good location; and the Review even
goes so far as to discover anu make known
desirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
that of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
able strain ; and, having had years of experi-
ence with all the leading varieties of bees, the
editor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
his readers where to get the best stock. Still
further, the Review tens how to make

Rapid Increase,

how to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
single season, into an apiary of 100 or more
colonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
keeper must learn how to manage them so as
to be able to establish an out-apiary here, and
another there, and care for them with weekly
visits — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
when extracted honey is produced. It is in
teaching bee-keepers how to thus

Control Sw^arming,

that the Review has been, and is still, doing
its best work. If a man only knows how, he
can care for several apiaries now as easily as
he once cared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the nex
step is that of selling it. This is the mos
neglected, yet

The Most Important Problem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, an
one that the Review is working the hardest 'j
solve. So many men work hard all summe
produce a good crop, and then almost give
away. The Review is trying to put a stop
this "giving it away." It is showing, by t
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepei.
how the leisure months may be employed
selling honey at prices that some of us wot
call exorbitant. The men who have done tl
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actu
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able
secure, as correspondents, men who have s(
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them Wj
little or no help and made money. These n
are able to write from actual experience — t'
know how they have succeeded, and can
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-k<
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if I
keeping is your business, you can't afl
not to

Read The Review.

It will lead you and encourage you, and
you with ideas, and tell you how to do thii
— show you how to enlarge your business
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1
year; but, if you wish to become better
quainted with it before subscribing,

Send Ten Cents

for three late, but different issues, and the
cents may apply on any suoscription sen
during the year. A coupon will be sent
titling you to the Review one year for
90 cents.

10-tf

W. Z. H UTCH I NSON

FLINT, MICHIGAN

Preparation For
Winter,

And the wintering problem,
are the subjects under dis-
cussion in the Current Num-
bers of THE RURAL BEE
KEEPER,

Big Discount on early orders,
write for sample copies, and
send IOC for 3 late numbers.

W. H. PUTNAM,
River Falls, = = Wis.

National Bee-Keepers' Association.

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E.FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure)

^ Subscription Agencies.

I !

5 Subscriptions for the Aiueri- \

can Bee-Keeper may be entered ^

<S through any of the following C

3 agents, when more convenient ©

5 than remitting to our offices at ^

I Fort Pierce, Florida, or James- ^

1 town, N. Y.: |
) J. E. Jonhson. Williamsfield, t

§ The Fred W. Muth Company, ©

9 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. ©

5 John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex. g

9 Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell, ©

5 Ontario. ©

3 G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek, ©

2 British Honduras. ^

3 Walter T. Mills, Bumham, N. ©
3 Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan Houae, ©
3 England. ©
3 G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang- ©
J anui, New Zealand. ©
3 H. H. Robineon, Independencla ©

2 16, Matanzas, Cuba. ^

3 Colorado Honey Producers' ©
I Association. 1440 Market St., ©
3 Denver, Colo. ©

A Boon
Fof

PoBltr^KeerTS

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained In
our Illustrated Poultry Book> which contains
Poultry Keepers' Acc't and Egg Record showing
ealus or losses ever month foroneyear. Worth 35
ct«, sent to vou for It c. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers with your order: Address,
6. 8. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Clintonville, Conn-

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion, Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. J'J'J'^J'J'J'

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

Put

Your

Trust

In

Providence!
Queens,

Introduce new blood 'now for next season's |
service.

pROVIDENCE nUEENS
1 rove Their' ijuALITlES

To be of the Highest.

LAWRENCZ C. MILLER,

P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

20 per cent. P ofit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.;

\ Send your business direct to Washington, (
saves time, costs less, better service.

My ofBce close to TT. S. Patent Office. FREE preUmin-
> ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent \
' is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN— 19 YEARS \
\ ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," (
etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggersj
I receive special notice, without charge. In the !

INVENTIVE ACE

[ Illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year. J

918 FSt.. N. W.
washington, d. c.

IE.G.SIGGERS,

If,

If, EmaHAi

J has m;ide all tlio ini'
provemeiits in

^ Bee Smokers and

W Eoney Knives

made in ihe last 30 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent
postpaid, per mail *1 5(

6\i inch l.li

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.0(

2^ inch 91

r. F. Bingham, ?f"f wy ••o••••■
■- .. ««• ^ Little Wonder, 2 m.
Farwell, Nlich.

Pateot Wired Comb Fonndation

has no sag in brood frames

TMn Flat Bottom FoQidatioa

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey
Being the cleanest is usually worked thi
quickest of any foundation made. The tall
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnisl
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheape
and not half the trouble to use that it is t(
wire brood frames.
Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS.

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. T

!. J. STRINGHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Tested Italian Queens,

I lb. Sq. Honey Jars,

No. 25 Jars, _ _ _

12 oz. Jar. burnishtd tin cap.

$t.00 each
$5.00 gross
$5.75 gross
$5.00 gross

Discount on more than one gross. Extracted honey always
on hand at from 5 1-2 to 8 cents pound-

APIARIES===QLEN COVE, L. 1. CATALOG FREE

y

IE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTIRAL MONTH-
' IN THE UNITED STATtS jtjtjijijt^jltjt

ARM UND HAUS

Tlie most carefully edited German
-liciiltural jom*nal. It is brimful of
actical information and useful hints
V the up-to-date farmer; devoted to
ick raising, general farming, garden-
u, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and con-
ins a department of the household,
liich many find valuable. Another de-
1 rtment giving valuable receipts and
tuiodies called "Hausarzt,'' in fact ev-
IV numbett' contains articles of real
.Ktical use.

I'liee only 3o CENTS per year. Sam-
■ copy free.
Send subscriptions to

lARM UND HAUS

( f. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There rx'e a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for .$2.00.

I

Write for booklet.Agents v^anted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yotu the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Va r ieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

EXTRACTED HONEY.

!ail Sample^ state lowest price expected delivered Cincinnati.
I pay prompt on receipt of gfoods.

B'LDEN ITALIANS

Untested. i, 75c.

RED CLOVER

6, $4.00.

CARNIOLANS

12, $7.50.

C. H. W. WEBER,

3 e and Salesrooms 2146-48 Central Ave. /^ 5 IVT/^ I NT NT A HP I f\ M-M I /^
SV ehouses-Freeman and Central Aves. Wl 1>C^I i>| l>l/\ I 1 , Ull I Vj»

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrcce lo9 mas reducidos prccios en to
da clase de articulos para Apicultores.
Nucstra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandcs y mas antiguas de America.
Espccialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadorcs
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
vcntores y perfeccionadores de muchos
articulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
lura. bnvianiOb gratis nuestro catalogo
y prccios a quienes lo soliciten. Dirija-

°^* *THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

Chance

Of a Life Time

^^^^^

w^

iTQSi

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many ofiBces in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co.,
w Nashville, Tenn.

lAA Wanted to raise
*"" Belgians

Send for particulars and sample co|
of the only

Belgian Hare Journj

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, ^

BEGINNERS.

should hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; writtea er
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just on'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years
Editor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 21 cenU; by
mail 28 cents. The little book and

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year for Bac. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
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To Subscribers of
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Address

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2tf

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Honey

production!

AND

SELLING.

These are the two main, problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as ii
portant as the other. Many can produce fine houey.but fail to get the b(
prices. Your crop In attractive packages is half sold. The first honey In
the market sells the best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

No-drip. Shipping Cases.

Do not put your section honey ii
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cases of white bass-wood, and the;
are constructed so they will not leak
Neither do the sections get stuck u]
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The finest of all glass pack-
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is a great future for this. We
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Bag for retailing candied honey.
See our general catalogue for
further description and prices.

Five-Gallon Tin Cans.

The favorite package for shippln
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Also smaller sizes. Cans furnishe
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prices before ordering. Kemembf
that freight charges sho\ild be coi
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THE BEST PRINTED PAPER
^ ^ IN FLORIDA J' J-

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It contains reliable information
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Only $1.00 a year. Write for
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AND THE

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Have been consolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
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WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
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HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

Nearly 100.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

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ii r^"

IWATCRTOWN.

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

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Watertown, Wis.

Send f
Cntalc

DON'T KILL

YOURSELF. WASHING

WAY, BUT BUY AN E M P I R E

W A S H E R , to^h te^io^ (^

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without wetting her hand*.

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.,, Wauneta, N

When writing to advertisers ment
Madea^i-aoa u^DT.wray 9

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ith the— Price Both

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ee-Keepers' Review 1.00 1.35

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ish Bee Journal 35 .65

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you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
OUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

ire Is a Sample:

Modern Farmer

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MODERN FARMER,

The Clean Farm Paper
St. Joseph, Mo.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1U04.

Our queens now stand iipon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
l)rices: ""'•sted of either race, $1;
one uute d, 75c., 5 for $.3.25, lO
for $0. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Yegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL=
TURIST. Sample copy sent
on appUcation.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA

Beeswax
Wanted

We pay 25 cents cash or 28 cents in
goods for good quality of Beeswax,
freight paid to Falconer, N. Y. If you
have any, ship it to us at once. Prices
subject to change without notice.
THE W. T. FA|LCONER MFG. CO.

When writing to advertiser mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. We remit imme-
diately upon receipt of shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 Walnut Street,

References:
German National Bank, Cincinnati. 0.
Any Mercantile Aoency, or the Editor.

CINCINNATI, O.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITUND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy And 64-pagc cataloeue, FREE
6-tf

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURN

A monthly journal devoted to a
cultural interests. Largest circulaf
of any agricultural paper in the w
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas,
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

J. W. EARLEY, Editor,
Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Ne

American

BEE

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16 -p. We« .

Sample 1 :.

49~ All about Bees and t r
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and for women bee-keepei
Address,
aeORQB W. YORK & c
144 & 146 Erie St. Chicago .

SEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBE),

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

TUB AMERICAN FARMER

FOR YOURSELF, ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Jamestown, N. .

Vol. XIV

NOVEMBER, 1904.

No. II

A QUEEN RESTRAINER.

An Interesting Article With a Laughable Episode.

By D. D. Alley.

HE FOLLOWING is, I believe, a the queen excluder in its new position,
new use for the perforated zinc beconies a queen restrainer. The queen
honey-board, which in combi- being unable to pass through, while the
don with a modiified form of the workers have perfect freedom of ac-
ley Queen Trap will control swarm- tion throughout the entire surface of

the honey-board and the original en-
Ls commonly used the honey board trance.

placed between the brood chamber In the double- walled hives, as usu-
d the super. This prevents the queen ally constructed, the entrance is cut

j Showing Zinc Excluder.

>m going into the upper story of the

I 'e and depositing her eggs where

, ij are not wanted. In other words,

i honey-board is a queen excluder.

*^ we place the honey-board between

, s bottom-board and the brood cham-

\ ', in that style of hive in which the

' Tance is made by the raised rab-

L on the sides of the bottom-board,

With Trap in Position.

out in the body. As the honey-board
ife smaller than the outside dimensions
of these hives, in order to make it
shiit-shape in its new position (though
not absolutely necessary in our ex-
periment), we must broaden and
lengthen its frame in order to make
it come out flush with the hive body.
This we can easily do with a few

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Novembei

strips of wood 3-8 iuclies thick, or
tliieker, if you like u deep entrance.
Now, if we cut out from one end of
tiie honey-board frame a piece the
width of tlie original entrance and
place the frame, bee space side down,
beneath tlie body, we will have two
entrances, one above the other. One
through the meshes of the entire
honey-board and out under ttie same.
The other, the original entrance over
it. Of coiu'se the edge of the zinc must
be flush with the front of the hive.

Next cut away the lower section oC
the Alley queen trap. Then cut two
entrance blocks the same thickness as
the honey-board frame. The object be-
ing to elevate the ti'ap to the level of
the old entrance, thus closing it and
leaving a suitable entrance below it.
Place the trap on the blocks, snug
against the hive with the little wii-e
cone enti-ances of the trap next to the
original hive entrance and the job is
completed. In this way we can catch
the queen without interfering with the
free flight of the workers. In fact, I
see nothing to prevent it from being a
permanent flxture of every hive. This
contrivance is not so liable to become
clogged with drones, dead bees, etc., as
is the Alley trap if it is left on the
hive any length of time. By using the
upper story of the trap only, and the
whole surface of ttie honey-board, like
a sieve, as it were, and providing a
new enti'ance by its means, practically
the same as the original one. we can
undoubtedly conti'ol swarming to a
great extent, if not entirely.

After the bees have swarmed, re-
move the entrappe<l queen and proceed
to hive them as recommended by
the expei'ts. If necessary, the hon-
ey-board may l)e restored to its former
use.

No doubt, some one will say: Why
go to all this trouble, which can be
obviated by clipping the fjueen's wing?
Very true. Some people have a mania
for clipping things. Docking horses'
tails, cropping the ears and tails of
dogs and cutting the wings of ])oultry,
etc., striving to improve on nature. But
some of us ai'e so constituted that we
shrink froni mutilating any living crea-
ture, including the coin of the realm.

I liad a clipped queen at the begin-
ning of the season. I wns away to the
city on business, when her mutilated
majesty led out a swarm. My wife
found her'iiopping about on the grass"
Instead of hiving the swarm im'uedi-
ately, her household duties claimed htr

attention, so she clapped the coffe
strainer over the queen and weightei
it down with a strawberry box lill&
with nails. She was "bound to kee)
the queen in!" The swarm returned t
the hive and all was Avell. Upon m
arrival, my wife greeted me with
"The bees have swarmetl and I hav
the queen under the coffee sti-ainer o
the lawn!" I brought out a new hiv
and made all ready to shake the bee
in front of it. Upon raising the strair
er to get the queen 1 found a miserabl
black cricket beneath it! After a thoi
ough investigation of this Strang
transformation, I learned that whe
the children returned from school m
little boy saw the new ornaments o
the lawn. While investigating tt
same, a stray chicken killed the quee;
He then tried to square things by sul
stituting the cricket.
Yonkers, N. Y., Sept. 2,3, 1904.

SHALLOW HIVE DEFENDED.

By J. E. Hand.

EDITOR American Bee-Keeper:
Mr. McNeal's ably written artic
on the shallow brood chamb
hive, on page 170, is very interesth
reading, and nu>re so, perhaps, to the
who are not ac<iuainted with the s
tual facts of the case.

To those of us, however, who a
using the very shallow frame with t
most gratifying results, in successl
wintering as well as honey productic
the whole article savors rather stroi
ly of theory. But it is refreshing
note Mr. McNeal's willingness to "
vise his theories" in case they £
])roven fallacious. To cut a long sto
short, he has simply set up a man
straw" and coolly and deliberately pi
ceeded to punch the stuffing out
him, as not one of the serious obj<
tions which he so vividly sets for
can apply to the properly construct
divisible bi'ood chamber hive.

Like every theorist who wishes
set forth the great siqieriority of t
deep frame or tall section, he mat
use of the oft repeated, though erroi
ous, statement that bees have a gw
preference for combs that are deep
than they are long.

It should be evident to even a ca
less ol)server that two things, and oi
two, govern the shape or form of n
ural combs. These are the shape of i
hive and the size of the cluster. It
the rankest kind of nonsense for ai

104.

le to make the statement that tall
'rtioiis will be tiiiished quicker than
lallow ones.

It is true that a small cluster in a
i-.ue hive must of necessity build
iA\ jnvard faster than sidewise but if
le cluster can fill the top of the hive
; is the case with the shallow brood
lamber, the cehter of the comb will
ily be slightly lower than the ends,
hen such are built half-way down
e frames.

After carefully reading friend M"s
lie article I am forced to the con-
usion that he has never had a proi>
ly constructed divisible brood cham-
'V hive.

The shallow brood chamber hive is
r ahead of the deep frame, hive
ther for wintering, building up in
ring, rapid manipulation or comb
)uey production.

I have loO such hives and I know
hereof I speak. I have also frames
deep as 16 inches. Also the regular
frame.

Theory is one thing and actual facts,
eked up by tons of fancy comb
iiiey. is another.

\A'hen in doubt consult your bees and
t theories go for what they are
M-th.

I will close by saying that in my
teen years experience in wintering
OS in veiy shallow frames I have
■ver had a colony die of starvation
ith plenty of honey in the hive, as
have had scores of them do on deep
ames.
irmingham. Ohio, Sept. 7, 1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

LORIDA NOT A QUEEN BREED-
ER'S EL DORADO.

By M. F. Reeve.

^ HE last time I met E. L. Fratt,
the Swarthmore queen breeder,
in the spring he had just return-
from a trip to the St. Johns river,
a., where he had located a site for a
anch queen breeding plant, so as
enal)le him to secure early queens.
e told me he had his ticket purchased
d everything arranged to start in
th breeding.

met him again a few days ago,
d he informed me that he was ex-
emely lucky in not having gone to

Land of FloAvers.
He had advices from another North-
n queen I)reeder who went there pic-
ring everything in such discouraging
lors that he had abandoned the idea

and concluded to seek for some other
Southern iocalily, probably Texas. His
Florida friend told him that the king
bird and dragon Hies committed such
havoc among his colonies that he had
lost 70 per cent of the bees he took
down there. Hragon flies literally
swarmed in myriads, devouring the
queens on their mating flight and the
drones as well as workers. He was
about to pull up stakes and get out for
some place where they didn't have
such pests.

Mr. Pratt says he has been much
hampered this year by the difficulty of
getting bees for his nuclei and has hiul
to turn down several hundred orders
for queens in consequence.

liutletlge, I'a., Dec. 1903.

PHACELIA AS A FORAGE
PLANT.

By. Henry E. Horn.

APICULTUKIST C. C. Miller's chal-
lenge to '"those California
chaps" to produce evidence
showing that the phacelia tan. is a
valuable forage plant, has been noted;
and, my name having been singled out
in particular with relation to said chal-
lenge it gives me delight to buckle on
my nickle-plated armor and to face the
Sir Knight in combat. The trouble, I
may here add, why said "chaps" have
remained "dumb as oysters" hereto-
fore lies probal)ly with the gentleman
himself, i.e., his choosing"The Conglom-
erate Goody-Goody"to convey forth h's
martial proclamations instead of the
regular "War Cry." In this moun-
tain-enfolded corner of Roosevelt's em-
pire, we all study the "War-Cry" and
the "Arizona Kicker." and the "Rhig-
Yeda," as we sit squatting behind a
cactus stalk apiece but naught else.
Any time-crevices left between, are
filled in with meditations on the in-
finitesimal calculus and blinking at the
southern coal sacks.

There is just a doubt whether the
phacelia cultivated by Mr. Miller as
a window plant is the true tanaceti-
folia variety. There are, at least,
three varieties of the plant known.
California seednien keep phacelia seed,
but not of the tan. variety. Mr. Mil-
ler's kind is fragrant, the tan. here is
not. Also, the tan. variety is less
showy than the "Parryi" and the rest;
hence florists would naturally select
the latter for their trade. Yet, as a
forage plant, none but the tan. is of

222

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November

any value. So much for preliminaries.
In the April uumber of one of the
widest circulated bee-jonruals of Cen-
tral Europe, a purely technical, scien-
tific publication, there appear twenty-
six ditt'erent paid advertisements of
phacelia seed by as many different in-
dividuals. The prices named are by
the pound and the hundred-weight.
Now, the reasons why these offers are
made is because there is a demand for
the seed — and a growing demand. And
the reason back of the demand is the
knowledge of its value gained in form-
er years by extensive experimenting.
There are probably ten thousand acres
planted with phacelia tan. in Germany
alone this present year. Direct re-
ports of the forage value of the plant
made by a great number of people in
various parts of that counti*y are not
unanimous, and not as good this year
as last, but still favorably enough to
warrant farther and extensive cultiva-
tion. A special feature of the useful-
ness of the ])lant agriculturally, as well
as apiculturally, is only lately being
discovered, namely: sowing it in fallow
land in the fall for a late honey-flow,
and then plowing it under for green
fertilizing.

Of the forage value of phacelia tan.
"on American soil." I beg to submit
the following:

The cattle on my eighty-acre ranch
leaning up Blue Mountain, five miles
out, consist of a pack of twenty coy-
otes, seventy-five jack rabbits, one doz-
en skunks, three wild cats and one
hundred cangurro rats. Of that col-
lection the jacki-abbits alone take the
phacelia tan. as it should be taken, as,
I believe babies take their luncheons,
i.e., by nibbling at it from morning till
night. The coyotes take it by prefer-
ence transmuted into juicy rabbit
hams, and they take it with avidity
after chasing their owner up and down
the twilight canons for twenty miles.
Of the skunks it must be said that
they are somewhat more esthetical in
their appetites. They like the nectar of
the sky-blue phacelia blossom best and
they take it exclusively with the honey
bee on the outside of it, for which
purpose they pay nightly visits to the
neighboring apiaries. As for the can.
gurro's and the three stub-tailed tom-
mies, I am afraid I might be accused
of having slipped off the straight path
if I ventured to tell of their fantastic
gambolings among the phacelia
patches when the moon hangs low; be-
sides, I truly think the foregoing is

proof overwhelming enough and of the
nature asked for, to convince Sir
Knight of the identity of the "pre-
sumptuous ignoramus" with whom he
promises to be well pleased.

Should, however, my challenger's
war spirit be unsubdued still, the fol
lowing flanking movement, as they saj
in Manchuria, I think will fetch him
Let him do as a considerable numbei
of Americans are doing at the presen^
time; buy a quantity of seed, sow it
and afterwards feed the plant to hit
herds and flocks — and watch them for
results. And it would probably be ai
well to have a set of "Before Using'
and "After Using" photographs taken
else the rapidly disappearing ribs an(
rounding out hipbones might guileless
ly be explained with "optical illusion
my dear sir, mere optical illusion," in
stead of being credited to the benefi
cent work of the nutritious juices o'
phacelia tanacetifolia.

THAT DRONE IN WORKER CELL.

The doubt expressed by Mr. C. 5
Harris on page 133, whether a certai
raised cell of mine contained a dron
is, of coiu'se, justified from his vie?
point, not knowing the accompanyin
circumstances, just as I was justifie
in my positive view, knowing the ci:
cumstances. I mentioned that occU'
rence at the time to draw attention 1
a certain new theory, hoiking to indu(.
an inquiring soul here and there '
prove, or disprove it by actual rigorox
experiment. Mr. Harris can do tha
Let him lodge an entire colony over c
drone comb, and after all normal i
stincts for drone-rearing have becon
dormant, let him deque^n said color
and watch the results.

REMARKABLE INCIDENT.
This spring a very populous color
of Carniolans was dequeened. Aft
due lapse of time, no queen nor eg!
appearing, a yellow two-yeai'-old mot
er bee, which was about to be supe
seded, was taken ont of her famil
dipjied three times in water and p^
down between the frames of the Ca
niolans. Six days afterwards £■"
frames — two on the south side of tl
hive, and three on the north side, wi'
an emi)ty frame between — contain!
eggs and larvae. Upon closer inspe
tion the yellow queen Avas found nc
mally active on one side of the hiv
and a voung Carniolan on the other.
Riverside, Cal., .July 20, 1904.

Following is Dr. Miller's response
the foregoing, which had been su

1904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

22Z

nutted to him before publication. Botii
sides of the matter are now before the
rt'.ider. — Editor.

Ileplyinff to Mr. Horn's facetious
pliacelia talli, I am aware that there
are several varieties in California — W.
A. Pryal says eight — but I think there
can be little doubt that what I have
luul is tanacetifolia. I got the seed
t'vom Otto Liihdorf, labeled "tanaceti-
t'lilia," and it is the same that I culti-
vated years ago as a window-plant.
Mr. Horn says the tanacetifolia is not
fragrant there. Neither is it here when
grown in the open ground, but when
grown as a window plant.

I have been very anxious to learn
the forage value of pliacelia in this
countrj% and am still anxious to be-
lieve in it if there is foundation for
that belief. As to this, Mr. Horn is
still "dumb as an oyster," jack rabbits
being the only thing he mentions as
^'ating phacelia, but not a word as to
lomestic animals. Otto Lnhdorf is
very temperate in his estimate, hardly
jonsidering it worth cultivating beside
ilfalfa.

That phacelia seed is largely adver-
tised in European bee journals hardly
proves that the plant is worth culti-
vating, even in Europe. Witness the
loom of the Chapman honey plant in
this country not so very long ago.
Nothing is heard of it now, yet it is
■^tjll advertised across the water.

:\Ir. Horn says reports from Ger-
nany are not unanimous, and not so
^ood this year as last. He might also
lave added that protests are not
ivanting against deceiving the farmers
nto planting phacelia as a forage
ilant — as for example Pastor Eck in a
ate number of Praktischer Wegweis-
r, who says it will only redotmd to the
njury of bee-keepers.

Tills year I had a bed of phacelia
iliout ten feet square. Bees did not
A ork on it as thickly as they ordinarily
lo on buckwheat. Horses would eat
t if they couldn't get anything else.
i'et they might learn to like it; and
lossibly the plant did not have a fair
;how, as the bed was sown entirely
00 thick.

Now, Mr. Horn, I hereby challenge
'ou in the most war-like manner —
nfficiently war-like to suit even so bel-
igerent a spirit as yours — to tell us of

10-acre field of phacelia cultivated as

forage crop in all California. Never
nind the "probably ten thousand
ores" in Germanj' (I wonder where

you get authority for such a statement
anyhow V) never mind the jack rabbits
and skunks and things, but tell us of
just one farmer in California, the orig-
inal home of pliacelia, who cultivates
phacelia to the extent of five acres for
his domestic stock. If you can cite
a dozen of them with an aggregate of
a thousand acres, it will please me
well. C. C. Millei\

CONSULT THE RECORDS.

Studious Research is Both Interesting and
Profitable.

By Arthur C. Miller.

AS THE LONG winter evenings ap-
proach, many a bee-keeper casts
about for something to take the
place of the bees or begins to lay plans
for the next season. At the risk of
repeating an old suggestion, I want to
point out the value of going over the
text books and back numbers of the
magazines. Some will say that it is
too dry, that they want to go ahead. I
know of no more helpful thing than a
knowletlge of what progress has been
made in the profession in the past.
Such knowledge will enable us to at
least begin where our ancestors left
off; will save many a needless experi-
ment and will not only help us ahead
more rapidly, but it will assure our
making real progress.

Three hundred years ago Butler
knew as much as we do about the
possible value of drones as brood
warmers, realized the advantage of
curtailing tlieir numbers, and devised
a trap for catching them. He held
much the same opinion as we do ih
regard to location of hives, wind-
breaks, shades, etc.

But one need not go so far back to
leani the history of the art. Text
books of today, as well as those of our
fathers, give a pretty complete history
so far as it relates to modern practices.
A perusal of these, supplemented by a
reading of the discussions of various
systems, will prove both interesting
and helpful

It may interest some to know that-
phacelia, as a honey plant, was dis-
cussed fifty years ago; that divisible
brood-chamber hives were known and
advocated as early as 1803; that the
stingless bees of ^Mexico were imported
into this country in 1830; that venti-
lation, stimulative feeding, artificial
swarming, etc., etc., are almost as old
as the craft Itself.

224

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November

Apropos of Deacon Hardscrabble's
assault on tlle"bon■o^A•ing propensities"
of some of our present day writers, it
may soothe him or his gliost to know
that the practice is no new tiling. In
1829 Dr. James Thacher of Plymouth,
Mass., published an interesting book
on bee culture, and in 1840 one Wm.
Hall, of New Haven, got out a little
pamphlet of about 50 pages, most of
which was a sti'aight steal from Dr.
Thacher's work. Many of the early
authors quoted freely from i^revious
works, but in most instances tbey took
pains to state the source of their in-
formation.

But the student in search of knowl-

edge should not let these things hindet
him, and the frequent recurrence ol
theories which we know to be errone-
ous should not blind his eyes to othei
matter which is not wrong.

The painstaking enthusiast may .find
particular pleasure in taking up one
subject at a time, and following ii
from its inception to the present day
and possibly at the same time malve ai
index of the subject so that he cat
the more readily refer to its differen'
parts at any future time.

Such study will prove of value alik*
to novice and veteran, professions
and amateur.

Providence, R. I., October 7, 1904.

Apiary of Geo. B. Howe, 1903—177 Colonies.
REPORT FOR 1904.

Careless Handling Results in Low Prices.

By Geo. B. Howe.

FIIIEND HILL— I put in the cellar
in 1903, 168 colonies— left five out
to experiment with — 'five double-
deckers with not less than 50 pounds
each of honey.

These all dieil but one, before March
1, and the other one never amounted
to anything so I am convinced that
with a half-bushel of bees and plenty
of honey, bees will not winter out-

doors in this locality. I had 172 o\
to put in the cellar, and as I did n«
put them in as early as I ought t
four of them were dead with pleni
of bees and honey. I say "froze i
death,'' call it what they like.

How shall we decide on ventilatior
Now, most any cellar will Avinter a fe
colonies all O. K., but put in, say, fro:
150 to 200, and my experience for nea

1904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 225

y -20 years is that you must give tliem had 144 strong- colonies but could not
aoper ventilation— not too uiucli or examine them until about the middle
no little. The bee-keepers will have of September, when to my surprise
^'" ' ^'" ' a hives were empty. The cause

o decide this for themselves, for eel-
ars vary, so there is no 'iixed rule.

1 took out of the cellar last spring
I'll coionies — some very weak — and
It the loth of June had (J6 colonics. I
lever saw anything like it. I carried
hrm into the cellar in early spring,
md out again. It did no good. They
lied just the same. I have built them
ip, by natural swarming and by di-
iding to 130 fine coionies and six fair
UK'S. Tbtal, 136, with about 3,000
Miunds of fine comb honey. Not so
lad after all for 1904. Have about 100
oung queens in these colonies. I be-
ieve in young queens, but would not
liscard a queen one year old. though
do every one that is two years old.ex-
epting my breeders.

I think we bee-keepers are to blame
or the low price of honey, and I will
ell you just why: I thought I would
uy some honey, so I took a ride on
ay wheel to see what I could do. I
iiund one bee-keeper with over a ton
f as fine honey as I ever saw and he
ad not scraped tlie edges of the boxes,
le had cleaned the tops, and when I
cmonstrated he said he had it partly
used and would not take it out any
»'ay. And yet he wanted a fancy
rice for it.

It seems strange that wuth such a
liort crop that the prices are so low.
Uit how does the average bee-keeper
ell his honey? He sells to a buyer
nd not one word does he say as to
^ liere that honey should or must be

ept to retain its flavor and body. It
- surprising how many put it in the

e box with butter, and when told bet-
or in a kindly way will thank you
or telling them. Don't be afraid to
ell them where to keep it, and to keep
t in sight, not down cellar.

I think the National association
ould help tlie bee-keepers by putting

rticles in the leading magazines if
liey had to pay a good price for doing

Black River, N. Y., Sept. 23, 1904.

lEPORT FROM BRITISH HON-
DURAS.

1 think was that I had just
extracted all the honey (ripe of
course) when the weather came on
and the poor bees had nothing to sub-
sist on. I tried feeding, but not having
proper feeders, I had to discontinue as
the method I adopted of feeding in an
open bowl would, I believe, lead the
bees into the evil habit of robbing,
and so it did; for when I examined
them in Sei)teml)er as already men-
tioned, they were almost ungovernable.
However, I got through all right but
will guard for next time.

I mean to look after my remaining
number (100 hives) with the view of
removing into the counti-y at some fu-
ture date. This will be to a distance
of about 12 miles inland where I have
started a plantation.

Stann Creek, British Honduras, Oct.
4. 1904.

By G. A. Nunez.

DEAR BRO. HILL:— I have had
very hard times in bee-keeping,
excessive strong winds and rains
ince the beginning of May last have
one me much damage. At that time I

THE LENKORAN OR PERSIAN
BEES.

By. M. Pritoulenko.

(Translated from- La Revue Interna-
tionale d' Apiculture, Vol. XVIII, No.
5, May 1896, by Frank Benton, M. S.,
United States Department of Agri-
culture.

IT WAS IN 1891 that I saw for the
first time bees of the Lenkoran
variety, when they were brought
to Tiflis from Lenkoran, the distinct
after which they were named, and
which is located in the governmental
region Baku. Greatly interested in
becoming acquainted with this vari-
ety. I went in 1892 to Lenkoran to ob-
serve these yellow bees in their home,
for according to some the bees on the
steppes of Mughan and in the lowlands
of Lenkoran, differ much in color and
character from those living in the
mountainous pai'ts of the same coun-
try. However, I found on the spot that
in reality this difference does not ex-
ist, but that the bees of the plains and
those of the mountains of Lenkoran
are exactly identical. I passed three
days in the mountains and approach-
ed the Persian frontier, and the hills
of Savolan, where they transport their
bees for the summer harvest even from
the Russian frontier. I desired to
know the origin of these bees, and
even at the risk of serious annoyances

226

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November

I crossed into Persia iu order to com-
pare the Persian bees \^■itll our bees of
Lenkoran. I was not, liowever, able/
to penetrate very far into that country.
Nevertheless I saw what I wished to
see, and I do not doubt the facts which
I noted.

At Astor, a village situated on the
frontier, half of which belongs to Rus-
sia and the other half to Persia, I
had an opportunity to observe that the
Persian bees do not differ in any way
from the Lenkoranian. At Enzeli, Per-
sia, they are the same as at Kesht in
Russia. In Enzeli I had the good for-
tune to meet a great lover of bees, an
Armenian merchant, Mr. Paronianz.
Proifiting by his hospitality and our
conversations, I succeeded in finding
out all I wished to know witliout let-
ting him see what interested me par-
ticularly. Over the dessert, prepared
from excellent honey gathered from
the orange and lemon trees which are
found in the court yard of every Per-
sian house, as in the great garden of
the Kahn, planted in former times by
Catholic monks, we conversed about
bees and then about politics. Mr.
Paronianz has quite a trade and makes
frequent voyages to the south of Per-
sia which has given him an opportun-
ity of seeing things which I was not
able to see myself. This has been all
the easier for him, as he does not neg-
lect the purchase of wax in the cities
and villages of Persia, which he sells
in Russia and even more distant coun-
tries.

The fact is that I was able to satisfy
myself that the variety which inter-
ested me is. found all over Persia.
Only it does not get there at all from
Lenkoran, but spreads out in all di-
rections from the central part of Per-
sia. Thus to be accurate, this variety
should have been called, not "bees of
I^nkoran," nor "Lenkoranian bees''
but "Persian bees," in order, so to say,
to dignify and emphasize their south-
ern or centi'al origin.

In consequence of natural and arti-
ficial multiplication, as well as trans-
portation into the northern and north-
western regions, this variety lias
readied the steppes of Mughan and
the banks of the Aras River, preserv-
ing its type in all its purity. Beyond
these limits it mixes with other vari-
eties and loses its color and its origi-
nal character.

The queens of the Persian race are
rather large, well proportioned, beauti-
ful, and of a fine yellow color over the

whole abdomen. They become partic-
ularly beautiful at the time of greatesi
egg-laying, when\ the abdomen en-
larges considerably. I did not noticf
that the queens are shy like those oJ
other varieties; they are distinguishecl
besides by especial fecundity, and an
able to produce powerful colonies.

The males of this variety are equal
ly as large as the males of the grai
variety, but may be distinguished froii'
the latter by the small orange-colore<
dots and rather large yellow blotchei
under the wings and on the sides o
the thorax and of the abdomen. L
other respects' these males are th'
same as those of other varieties.

The Persian workers are not in th
least smaller than our gray Georgia:
bees, but are remarkable for thei
beauty and their vivacity. The firs
four segments of the upper part of th
abdomen are of a vivitl orange coloi
while the coat of fuzz, the abdomei
and the thorax, are of a clear yello\»
The thorax above and where the fuz
is longest and thickest is of a ver
pleasing yellow shade. On combs
white lioney, if held toward the sui
tliese bees are of a very brilliant col(
the whole length of the abdomen, an
appear transparent. Unfortunately
was not able to take the exact dimei
sions of the cells, nor the measui
of the parts of the body of the Pe
sian bee.

As to the qualities and character '
this race, we were able to ascerta
that they are noteworthy on accou!
of their adroitness and strength, b'
also by a great disposition toward ro
bing. The Persians defend themselv
bravely when attacke<l. Their stinj
are more painful than those of oth
bees, and are nearly insupportable
the spring. In viciousness the Pe
sian differs little from the Russif
(the northern variety), but appea
almost as though more vicious. Ho'»
ever, there are among their coloni
as among the colonies of other kkind
some families that are gentle enoug
The Persians are vei'y sensitive
noises — to the sound of the voice,
an uproar in the apiary. They do n
like to have their brood-nest disa
ranged, even during the chief harves
when bees are generally better n
tured. This bad quality renders the
cultivation difficult. They do not t)
come much accustomed to him wl
cares for them. What irritates the
most is the light that enters the hi
at the moment the brood-nest is e

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

227

mined. In this case it is necessary to
alve some precautions so that the bees
0 not dart all at once from the comb
n which they are resting. Smolie
tupefies them only for an instant;
hey accustom themselves to it quick-
y. I have had considerable practice
11 the handling of bees, and have cer-
aiu ways of getting on with them dif-
icult to explain, yet in working with
\n-sian bees I am obliged to put on a
eil and to employ in the examination
iiore time than for the other kinds.
'he Persians are spiteful in the high-
st degree. Some of them, after the
■rood-nest has been opened, do not
ecome quieted down for two or three
ays, and often attack people quite a
istance away from the apiary.

As I stated above, the Persians are
inch disposed toward robbing Re-
loving a comb of honey from a hive
f gray bees is sufficient to bring a
ellow robber to the spot at once. In
lie spring and the autumn, when there
^ no nectar in the field, the Persians
ttack the other bees, get rid of the
uards, and skillfully rob the colonies.

During the summer a singular habit
f the Persian bees is noticeable; they
ollect in considerable numbers on the
oard near the hive entrance and the
ees which are leaving for the fields
emain for some time before the en-
rance. as if they wished to warm
hemselves in the sunshine.

This variety supports cold and hu-
aidity in a surprising manner. I be-
anie convinced of this upon seeing fre.
uently the negligence with which
hey are treated in the cold climate of
he mountains, or in the low and hu-
aid valleys of Persia and Lenkoran.

Persian bees are very industrious,
''hey do not show a desire to swarm
requently. even in small hives, and
an live in very large colonies, such as

liave often olbserved in the forests of
.oiikorau:

In Lenkoran they keep them in hori-
ontal rustic hives, made of oak or of
sh wood, and they cannot increase
ny more than when in the wild state
Q the hollows of trees. Moreover, the
are which their keeper gives them
annot be otherwise than injurious to
hem.

To offset this in the forests they are
ften attacked by the wax moth and
he death's head moth, and generally
uccomb in this struggle.

One of the qualities of this variety
s that the bees start out earlier than
he others for the harvest, and work

on flowers that other honey-bees do
not frequent. In addition to the obser-
vations made on the spot, in order to
study certain peculiarities of the bees,
I have had under observation for four
years two colonies of Persian bees.

In conclusion I will say that of the
twelve varieties of bees that I pos-
sess and have observed, the Persian
bees are the most difficult ones to get
on with. Perhaps tliey are inclined to
be quarrelsome (sic), something I
have had an opportunity to verify.
Perhaps one can b.y dint of care,
make of them an industrious and gen-
tler race, but for the present, as they
render it so difficult to care for them,
it is natural that every apiculturist
should prefer another variety — of
which there are many here — a variety
that Nature herself has rendered more
agreeable and easier to raise. This
.vear I will receive a colony from
Swanatia, one from Van (Turkey in
Asia) and one from Djelal-Ogli.

THE MANGROVE.

The Great Nect.ar Yielder Said to be
Useful Otherwise.
In British Honduras, says the Clarion,
the mangrove bark is fast becoming
an important article of export. As the
mangrove abounds all along our coasts
and for a long way up our rivers, the
supply is almost inexhaustible. The
getting of the bark needs no capital
aad the industry is therefore one
which is essentially one for the poor
man with energy to engage in. The
bark is used for tanning and the de-
mand is practically unlimited. How
about Jamiaca getting a show? We
have plenty of mangroves, and plenty
of poor men, too, for that matter. —
Jamaica Times.

SiT. LUCIA. W. I.
There are now 2.50 colonies of bees
in St. Lucia in modern hives, says the
Jamaica Times, all being run for ex-
tracted hone.v: this being an increase
of nearly 100 per cent, within the past
.vear. Honey shipments are now com-
mencing to go forward, and the indus-
try is now reported to be firmly estab-
lished in the island and promises to in-
crease steadily. As~ regards the cotton
industry in St. Lucia, the prospects
are bright and encouraging.

Now, let us have a nice lot of good
readable articles fi'om which to select
for the long winter evening's reading.

OS <

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[904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

229

HAMILTON COUNTY, O., BEE-
KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION.

riie annual niot'tinj^ was held iu the
•(in\ention room, Grand Hotel Cinciu-
■inati, Monday evening, Sept. 12th at
S [). m., when the following officers
aere elected for the ensuing year
President — Fl-ed W. Muth.
Vice President — John C. Frohliger.
Treasurer — G. Green.
Secretary — Wm. J. Gilliland.
Executive Committee:
K. L.. Curry,
A. E. Painter,
C. Kuck,
E. P. Rogers,
E. H. Chidlaw,
Wm. McLennan,
E. H. Vaupel,
Theo. Meyer,
Wallace Burch,
Dr. A. B. Barker,
Wm. R. Gould,
Miss Carrie Boehme.
The secretary presented his report
s follows: The executive committee
as much pleasure in presenting 'their
econd annual report, which indicates
continuation of the prosperous con-
ition that has been shown since its
rganization, a marked increase in
aembership, and a continued influence
mongst bee-keepers in the immediate
eighborhood, county, and adjoining
tates.

The most important event of the
ear, was tlie enactment into law of a
ill for the ti'eatmeiit of foul-brood.
nd the appointment of a foul-brood
ispector under its provision. The
romotion of this measure was under-
iken by us. Valuable assistance was
endered by the Hamilton County Rep-
esentatives, led by Mr. D. R. Her-
ek, who took charge of the measure
the House, and exerted his influ-
ace in pushing the bill to its final
tages, and ultimate passage. This is
le first attempt at legislation in the
tate of Ohio, in the interests of the
ee-keeping fraternity, and the Hamil-
m County Bee-Keepers may be
>nned the "Pioneers of Bee Legisla-
ve Measures in the State of Ohio."
Next matter of importance in which
e were instrumental in advocating,
'as the addition of a Honey-schedule
ad premium list at the Hamilton
ounty fair, at Oakley. Ohio. Quite
a exhibit of extracted honey in .iars,
)mb honey in sections and supers,
ere exhibited, and substantial pre-
iums were awarded to competitive

members of our association. It is a
fact that we regretted that more bee-
keepers did not avail themselves of
this opportunity to compete. We would
remind them to make preparations ear-
ly next year, and make a showing that
would be alike ci'editable to the bee-
keepers and to the influence of this
society.

The year ends with fifty-eight sub-
scribers on the roll of membership as
compared with forty-seven last year,
an increase of fully twenty-five per
cent. This increase is made up prin-
cipally of practical bee-keepers, who
manifest a desire to learn the best
methods in modern bee-keeping.

During the year, now ended, were
held twelve regular and four special
meetings, making sixteen in all. The
attendance was a very good average,
considering the variable weather, and
long distances a great many of the
members had to travel to attend the
meetings.

Wm. J. Gilliland,
Secretary.

HARDSCRABBI.E LETTER.

Ah-h-h. Huh! Huh!

What's the matter with me? Wal,
I've been a cogitatin on what Brer
Hutchinson had to remark on this yere
feeding curse. He didn't take kindly
to my comments. I'm sorry for that,
cause W. Z. is a fine boy, means well,
too, but gets biased onct in a while.

Now, this yere feeding. I say again,
its a cuss to the industi-y, b'gosh. W.
Z. gives the mossy, weather-worn ex-
planations as how the bees kindly use
up all the s.yrup and none on it gets
into the supers. Diu*n strange how the
accommodatin' little cusses never save
any of the syrup , never tuck any of
it in way back corners, never have any
left when the supers go on. Goldurn
queer how a good husky colony al-
ways keeps a supjily of honey ahead
of the brood wants (or abolishes the
brood) and then wont do the same with
sugar syrup. Whoppin big sight of ex-
plain billed to arrive along here. What
a rumpus it do I'aise .iust to say feed-
in' should be prohibited. I wonder
why? You don't s'pose it touches their
pocket, do you? And the excusin' and
explainin'I

"Ofttimes the excusin' of a fault

"Doth make the fault worse by the
excuse."

Huh! It's mighty nice to say, 'taint
possible, things can't happen, just

2.10

THE AMERICAN
to

cause 'twould be "inconvenient'
have 'em happen.

As the devil can quote Scripture, I
wonder how it w^uld seem if I should
say to the boys "Avoid the appearance
of evil."

W. .Z thinks that the criticism of the
sugar habit is straining for effect.
Gosh all hemlocks, what in thunder do
I want of effect? To intimate that the
crop of a sugar feeder is increased is
plub proper until he all can prove
there ain't any sugar in it. Perhaps
the sugarees can tell we uns how it
happens that honey from their yards
is so often flat and insipid. That's the
word, insipid. Nice word. Perhaps
they will elucidate the because why
the onexpected caller so often 'finds
feeders full of syrup "accidentally"'
left on during the harvest.

Fust thing Brers. Root and Hutch-
inson will be wonderin' how they
came to play catspaw for the sugarees.
Too bad, Harry. Just suggest to the
childer that if they must feed that
they save honey to do it with and
then the Korn Glucose Syrup fellers
can't say plausable tilings about we
uns.

Don't they? Huh! Go ask your
grocer and he'll tell you "the childilke
and bland l?ee boys feM sugar to get
those nice white combs, and that sugar
makes the whitest w^ax, for their books
say so."

I didn't wander over the old earth
for sixty odd years with my eyes and
ears shut. No! Not by the great horn-
spoon I didn't.

Geewhillikins, but W. Z. is in for
more trouble and he and Freddy Muth
will feel as if they had been pulled
from a bargain couuter after A. I. R.
gets through with them. :Muth tells
how^ he dressed Peebles show window
on Saturdav night so 'twould pull the
"push" all day SUNDAY (wus than
Monday papers that are printed on
Sunday). Sinful Peebles, wicked
wicked Muth, not to draw the cur-
tains on Sunday, and naughty,
naughty W. Z. to publish all about the
glorious profit it yielded. Hot A. I. R.
will singe 'em all right. Such fire-
works. Phist-boom-ah, I smell 'em
burning.

Where's my sheet? Oh ho! Them
is stage properties used to attract your
attention but now we're in touch I've
dropped into my more comfortable rig.
Smoke? Ha, ha, of course I do.
Ah-h-h.

BEE-KEEPER. November,

NOTES AND COMMENTS.

!^

Gleaned by Mr. Getaz from L'Apiculteur and La
Revue Electrique.

PUBLIC EXPERIMENTS.

THE EUROPEAN societies of agri-
culture and apiculture are in the
habit of experimenting ob
whatever subjects may be deemed
worthy of investigation. This is done
by distributing to the members tbt
necessary seeds, or other things, re-
questing them to experiment on cer
tain lines and report. It is not com
pulsory to take part. When the re
ports are in, the results are published
in the official paper of the society
Right here, I may mention that ever:
society has an official journal, dis
tributed gratis to the members, an<
in which all the reports of the societ;
are published. That does not necessari
ly mean that the society goes into th
publication business. Usually arrangt
ments are made with some of th
standard papers. For instance, th
Apiculteur is txie official organ of th
International Congress of Apiculteui
and of eight apicultural societies.

If I go at length into these details i
is because I think our American be
keeper societies might follow such
course with great advantage in man
cases.

RELATING TO SWARMS.

Among the subjects of study of oi
of the French societies was the que
tion of swarming. A series of que
tions was sent, in 1902, to the mer
bers, with request to observe and r
port. Here are some of the points a
certained :

1. The swarming season in so far i
primary swarms are concerned, begli
(average dates) May 28th and em
June 30th. The extreme dates for tl
beginning have been so far May I?
and June 13t^; for the ending, Ju)
6th and July 4th.

2. The relative number of swam
during the swarming season Is abo
one-fifth in May, one-half between t)
1st and 1'^^^^ of June, one-fourth b
tween June 11 and June 20, one-ten
after June 2ath.

3. The earliest coming out of
swarm was 8:5 a. m., and the late
4 p. m. These are extreme limits. Tl
average number were as follows: Fi
per cent, before 10 a. m., twenty-t^
per cent, between 10 and 12, iifty-s
per cent, between 12 and 2 p. m., fl

|i

904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 231

eeu per ceut. between 2 and 3 p. m., trance between the brood-nest filled

wo per ceut. after 3 p. m. about five, and those with the en-

4. Among the points to be observed trance above the supers six. As Mr.
vas the atmospheric pressure — that is, A. G. is one of the leading writers of
\ liether the barometer is high or low. the Apiculteur, his statement can be
Che result was that eighty-five per accepted. What I would like to know
ent. of the swarms came out on days is, how much brood and honey were
vhen the barometer was at 760 mm. in the brood-nest, especially at the end
lid above, and only fifteen per cent, of the season.

dien below none at all when below UNITING FOR THE HONEY FLOW.
oO mm. It must be noted here that

hese observations were made in the ^r- C- ^^- Weber unites his colonies

Kirtheast part of France Avhere a fall two by two during the honey flow.

if the barometer is always accom- '^^(^ two colonies are sprinkled with

)anied by damp and rainy weather. I water to which some extract has been

hink the state of ^'>- atmospnere added, to give them the same scent,

•ught to have been observed in con- One of the colonies is unqueened and

ectiou, that is, whetlier the weather placed on the top of the other. A queen

vas clear or cloudy. excluder is placed between the two, so

5. Eighty-two per cent, of the as to confine the queen below. Both
warms came out during light winds entrances are left open and Mr. Weber
r calm weather, and eighteen per says the bees use both equally well:
ent. durin£r medium winds. If possible, the colonies united should

G. Eighty-nine per cent, of the be those close together and the united
warms came out when the tempera- concern placed between the two old
lire (in the shade) was above 68 F., stands. At the end of the flow, the
lid eleven per cent, when below. The two colonies are separated, the brood
Dwest ^— orature observed was 61 equally divided between them and, of
degrees, and tne highest 77 degrees, course, a queen given to the queen-
bat the summer temperature of less one. The queens removed at the
lorthern France is much below that time of uniting may have been kept
f nearly the wh^^'^ United States, and in nuclei, or young ones can be pro-
I: no swarm issued at a higher tem- vided.

erature it is because such tempera- BEE STINGS FOR RHEUMATISM.
are did not occur. jj^ a^ previous issue, mention was
7. Eighty-six per cent, of the made of Dr. Langer's study of the bee
warms come out when the sun was venom Since that time, he has re-
hining on the hive entrances. That ceived a number of inquiries upon the
5 nearly nine out of ten. This goes effect of the bee stings in case of
3 show the importance of shading in rheumatism. In a recent communica-
lot weather, and of sufficient ventila- ^ion, he states that he has no experi-
ion— in a word, to avoid having the ence in that line himself, but quotes
olonies suffering from over-heating, dj. ^ere, of Marburg. Dr. Terc has
Further observations will appear ^sed bee stings for the cure of rheuma-
_Li a future number. tism for quite a number of years. In
POSITION OF ENTRANCES. 1888 he reported having applied al-
ready some 39,000 stings to 173 pa-
Mention was made in a previous tients. In 190.3, he presented an ex-
umber of the experiments of Mr. tensive report on the subject to the Im-
liehards, who obtained about five perial Society of Medicine, of Vienna.
imes more sui*plus when the entrance More than five hundred persons have
f the hive was between the brood- been treated. The remedy is sure
est and the supers than when it is against the rheumatism of articula-
elow the brood-nest. Mr. A. G. of N. tions, whether chronic or temporary.
Isere) went this summer "one bet- The sooner the treatment is begun,
er." On some of his colonies, he put the better. None of the persons
he entrance as Mr. Richards, and on treated showed any affection of the
ome above the supers, under the cov- heart. The remedy is also effective
r, or, rather, under the roof, for all in cases of muscular or neuralgic
Juropean hives out in open have a rheumatism or pains. It is slower, but
egular additional roof-like cover. The much surer than the salicylic acid or
Bsults were that, while the colonies other remedies usually employed. It
'1th the entrance below filled one su- is not to be applied to very young
er or thereabout, those with the en- children, very old people, or those af-

232

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November,

fected by anemia, tuberculosis, inflam-
mation of kidneys or fever. In case of
heart disease, it must be avoided, as
it might cause death, and if after
beginning the treatment any symptom
of heart trouble appears, it must be
stopped. Dr. Terc thhiks the cases
reported of people dying of a few bee
stings were persons already having
some far advanced heart trouble.

The method is very simple. The op-
erator takes the bee between the thumb
and index finger and applies the "busi-
ness end" to the patient. The sting is

left for some minutes before taken
out. The treatment is begun by.
one to three stings a day, and then
increased gx'adually to one hundred or
even more. <^ treatment lasts one

or two years in serious cases. If the
tissues '^" nvticulations are already al-
tered or degenerated, nothing can re-
store them. Not everybody will con-
sent to adopt such a course, yet Dr.
Terc, during the last 23 years, has
treated over five hundred persons.

The problem is now to obtain a
serum or some other way to apply the|"
remedy in a more convenient way.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ M ♦ MM M ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦ M ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ M M ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ »

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to ttiis Department are solicited from all quarters of ttie earth.

4.

MM ♦MM4tMMMM»»M ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦MMMMMMMMtMM^'

AUSTRIA.

Michael Ambrosic, a well known
breeder of Carniolan bees and dealer
in bee-keepers' suppl''^'^ died recently.
The writer -'' this has some letters on
(file from this gentleman, referring to
the characteristics of the Carniolan
bee. He must have been a wide-awake
man. His inquiries regarding tools
and hives and methods in vogue here
among the Americans, which I have
had the pleasure of answering, are a
proof of this.

ENGLAND.

A certain English lord, after having
been cured of rheumatisin by his fam-
ily physicin'" "'>id him three hundred
pounds sterling for the recipo of the
medicine that cured him, that he
might give it to the public. Here it is:
"One ounce of sulphur; one ounce tar-
tari"^ if^id; one-half ounce rhubarb; one
dram Gugaca gum; sixteen ounces
honey."

GERMANY.

PUREST Blossom HONEY,
(mixed with sugar syrup)
Per pound, 1.00 Mark.

Half pound, .GO Mart

The words, "mixed," etc., were prini

ed in the smallest type, very apt t

be overlooked. It will be seen that th

world is about the same everywhen

Accordng to observation made b;
H. Ritter, the false drone (offspring o
a worker) requires twenty-one day
for its development. The normal dron
(offspring of a queen) requires twenty
four days. It would seem from thi
that there would have to be sonie diJ
ference in the resulting insects. 1:
this line Dickel says, in Die Biem
that there is a marked difference foun
in the third pair of legs. That part o
the leg which is called the pollen has
ket in the worker bee is in norma
drone and queen convex and in thl
former almost always bare; in till
false drone it is regularly shaped am
nearer that of the worker.

1
If
It

Honsel, who writes the monthly in-
structions for bee-keepers in "Die
Biene," says, one day wnen passing a
fancy store in Leipzig he discovered
in the show window extracted honey
exhibited in one, and one-half pound
glass .iars. The label read as follows:

Dr. Kuehl reported at the grea
Wander-Versammlung ( bee-keeperf
union) of German, Hungarian, Aus
trian and Switzerland bee-keepers, tha
the average yield per colony from thl
tines alone run between eighty and on
hundred pounds. The convention wa

904. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 233

leld in Doonbion, and was well at- large share is imported from Hungaria,
ended. The whole city was deco- Italy, California, Cuba, Brazil and
•att'd and the authorities and the dlf- Australia. Some Brazil honey ranks
erent societies spared no pains to equal to German honey; other Ameri-
iiake it pleasant for the bee-keepers, can honey does not.
I may report more of this convention A large share of the table honey is
ator. — ^F. Greiuer.) mixed — using beet sugar as a basis

■ and adding a little heath honey to

Wurth finds a queen in a new color and flavor. A great deal of mon-
warm this way: After the swarm ey is made with this substitute. The
well gathered it is dumped out or city of Berlin is one of the heaviest
haken off onto a clean piece of consumers of extracted honey. What
round (we here use a white sheet) Guehler deplores most is the fact that
nd the hive is set near it. When the there are a number of extensive bee-
ees begin to enter the hive, the latter keepers (having as many as three hun-
3 gradually moved back and the bees dred colonies each) who use their bee
re thus forced to spread out thinly, business as a means of advertising-
he vigilant eye of the bee-keeper can. their foreign and mixed product. At
bus easily discover the object he is most, he says, they can produce fifteen
fter. thousand pounds of honey in a year.

. Some years the three hundred skeps

When a large number of colonies are produce no more than three colonies,
D be moved into the Heath, Rud. and yet they maintain a wholesale
>athe recommends, in Centralblatt, to business, selling great quantities of
ike a load of the strong colonies first, honey, making it appear as though it
'ext, and a few days after, move a was all the product of their own bee-
)ad of weak colonies and place theru yards, thus misleading the consumers.

heife the strong ones have stood, •

iving the latter ones new locations. To bleach wax and make it white it
hus they are hindered from swarm- is exposed to sunlight in moist atmos-
and the weak ones are greatly phere, and in very small particles.
?nefited. It will be remembered that The process requires from five to six
I the heath sections, straw-skeps are weeks, unless one and one-fourth to
I general use. and the bees do i^ one and three-fourths per cent, of tur-
•eat amount of swarming. Small aft- pentlne has been added to the wax,
•-swarms, with their young queens, when the time may be shortened to
ay be converted into good strong six or eight days, so says Pr. Wegw.

varms by the above method, and it

rikes me that perhaps we might prac- BOHEMIA.

ce a similar plan when moving into All the preparatory work for win-

ickwheat. — fF. G.) ter should have been finished by the

last of September. Bees should not be

A. Boehme, in speaking of the disturbed after this. The best time
hacelia, says in Centralblatt: The to judge the strength of a colony of
hacelia is a better pollen producer bees is — not during the noon hours,
lan honey yielder. Does not do well but early on a cool morning. The
irlng the latter part of the season, quantity of winter stores a hive con-
lerefore secrei:es honey at a time tains may be guessed at. Weighing
hen other blossoms furnish plenty, not necessary. — Boehm h-i Deutsche
quires rich ground. During wet Imker.

ather the flower heads draw too •

uch moisture and hold it; consequent- The advice by F. Tobish in the same
bees are often prevented from work- paper to winter bees upon good
g on it. As a crop the plants lodge healthy honey is cheap. The question
id rot badly. I do not consider it a is what is such honey? How can we
ofitable crop to grow. During wee positively know it? In another place
eather it is difl3cult to harvest the of the same paper Friend Tobish ex-
ed. presses some other ideas which I have

■ found to be correct: The use of the

Guehler estimated the value of drone trap is not to be recommended.
le average honey crop in Germany at Regulate the '^"+'^nt of drones by al-
1,000,000 marks. He also says that lowing but a small amount of drone-
prmany does not produce, and never comb. Drones are necessary. The
Is, its supply of honey, and that a observing bee-master will find the

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

234

drone to be an indicator of prosperity,
or want, etc.

November,

Small colonies with yonng queens
may be safely wintered if properly
cared for. Many times, yes, very oft-
en. One of these small colonies will
outstrip the populous one the follow-
ing season. There is vim in them.

CHINA.
There are two kinds of bees found in
China. The large vicious bee is never
molested by the natives. The small
black bee builds its nests on the un-
derside of large limbs. The natives
hunt the nests and often obtain large
amounts of honey and some wax from
them.

trating her brood on a few. To obvi-
ate this, a correspondent of the Rucher
Beige advises to leave the necessary
number of combs for the brood sepa-
rated at the usual distance. The oth-
ers are to be put considerably farther
apart. The bees extend the length of
the cells accordingly, and being entire-
ly too deep for the queen to lay in,
she omits them. There are other ad-
vantages. Less number of combs for
the same quantity of honey means less
original cost, less work for the bees
to cap them and less work for the
apiarist wheu it comes to uncapping
and extracting.

BELGIUM.

The Rucher Beige quotes from a
German paper an assertion as to
whether the more water the honey
contains, the less it is liable to candy.
Mr. Stachelhausen contests the prop-
osition. He says that in America (that
is, the United States) the honey is
heated in order to evaporate as much
water as possible, and the less water
is left, the less are the chances of
candying, luat heating the honey will
prevent candying is certain, but it is
not caused by evaporation. At the
temperature used (120 degress F.) the
evaporation is insignificant. Some-
times the honey alrearlv candied is
liquefied simply by putting the jars or
other vessels in warm water, without
opening them. In such cases thei'e is
no evaporation at all. The explanation
must be sought in some other direc-
tion.

Honey is chiefly composed of two
sweet o"i->ctnnces in variable propor-
tions. One '■ called dextrose, and it
crystalizes comparatively easily. The
other, called levulose, crystalizes only
under '^--'^'-tional conditions. The
treatises on chemistry tell us that the
application of heat or the presence of
an acid gradually transforms the dex-
trose into levulose. I suppose this is
what takes place when the candied
honey is heated. The less dextrose the
mixture contains, thje less are the
chances of candying.

The question whether bees can oi
cannot transport the eggs has nevei
been completely settled. Now am
then some incident comes to ligh
which seems to show that they do it
at least, under some special circum
stances. To the few cases alrea;
quoted in these columns the following
can be added: A correspondent ii
visiting a colony that he knew to hav
been without - nneen for some tim(
was surprised to find two queen cell
occupied, but no other brood. H
finally remembered that some days b(
fore, he had put on the floor of ths
hive a piece r>f broken comb containin
some honey and a few eggs. Undoub
edly these two cells contained egg
transported from the broken piece

sp

A NEW NATIONAL ORGANIZA-
TION.

The Layens hive is very much used
in Europe. It is a one-story hive for
extracted honey something near what
we call the "Long Ideal" hive. Occa-
sionally the queen lays a little in al-
most every comb, instead of concen-

The Bee-Keepers' Review says: ".
National Honey Exchange was bom t
the St. Louis convention. Five prai
tical bee-keepers, widely scattered ovfj
the country, were chosen as a con
mittee to draft a constitution and bj
laws, and something like $700 worth (
stock, at $25 a share, was subscribe
for on the spot. This may be the ei
tering wedge that will eventually raif
producers to a higher plane in the sel
ing of their honey." This has somi
thing of a harsh metallic ring chara'
teristic of modern business method
and is in pleasing conti-ast with tt
rather doleful tone of the old bell hue
on the shoals of Foreign Competitic
which has lately been permeating tt
apiarian atmosphere. The constit
tion and by-laws of the Nation;
Honey Exchange, when ready, will I
very interesting reading for honey pr
ducers.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 235

semblage; but, doubtless, a gratifying
result to certain participants.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

Mr. J. W. Tcfft, Buffalo, N. Y., who
has spent the summer in Southern. Cal-
ifornia, writes that a most deplorable
condition of affairs exists in the apia-
ries of the southern countries of the
state. Starvation and feeding to save
the bees is the substance of the matter.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA-

I Terms.

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Postage prepaid in the United States and
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ostal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
ountries.

Advertising Rates.
Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
ich. Five per cent, discount for tw® inser-
ons; seven per cent, for three insertions;
wenty per cent, for twelve insertions.
Advertisements must be received on or be-
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on in the month following.
Matters relating in any way to business
lould invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.
Articles for publication or letters exclusi
)r the editorial department may be addressed
> H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.
Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
rapper will know that their subscription ex-
ires with this number. We hope that you
ill not delay favoring us with a renewal.
A red wrapper on your paper inaicates that
ou owe for your subscription. Please give
le matter your earliest attention.

J. A. Green says in Gleanings,
rith regard to different kinds and
ualities of propolis, "Remember there

more in 'locality' than some people
re willing to admit." There are

reener'' people than J. A.

'With reference to the St. Louis con-
ention all are agreerl upon one point:
[t was a harmonious meeting." Not a
ery broad claim for a national as-

The two-pound, and the half-pound
sizes of section, which used to strive
for a place in the honey market, have
been crowded out by the medium-size
—one-pound. The late "tall section"
fad is the only menace to loom up be-
fore the very desirable condition of
uniformity in American comb honey
packages.

It may work no great injury,
either to the fraternity or the public,
for an apiarian journal to publish er-
roneous statements in regard to minor
details relative to the pursuit of api-
culture; neither will it tend to estab-
lish or develop prestige in favor of
the periodical which indulges in this
loose style of journalism.

During the past month we have re-
ceived applications for certain back
numbers of The Bee-Keeper which we
were unable to supply. Volume XIII
is practically exhausted, there being
but a very few copies, of two or three
numbers, left in the office.

Preparation for mailing the next edi-
tion of The Bee-Keeper begins on the
18 of the preceding month, hence, re-
newals received after that date fail to
appear in the plain wrapper until the
month following. The addressing of
several thousand wrappers each month
takes time, and the work has to be
commenced as early as the 18th, and
it is impracticable to hunt out a red
and substitute a plain wrapper after
the work of addressing has been com-
menced. We trust this explanation
will make clear to our readers why it
is that the proper credit is not always
promptly indicated by the wrapper aft-
er renewal is sent in.

Texas bee-keepers may now sub-
scribe through the Hyde Bee Com-
pany, 129 North Flores St., San An-
tonio. H. H. Hyde, the hustling api-
arist of the Lone Star State is in
charge, and will take care of all appli-
cants.

236

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November,

THE NATIONAL NOMINATIONS.

With a view to greater concentra-
tion of votes tlian has heretofore pre-
vailed at the annual election of offi-
cers and directors of the National Bee-
keepers' Association, an informal bal-
lot, by means of postal cards, was
taken recently to place in nomina-
tion candidates preferred by a mapor-
ity of the membership. Heretofore
the ballots have been unduly scatter-
ed, as a result of there being absolute-
ly no system in regard to nominations,
and the new plan promises to afford
relief for those who desired to cast
their vote for the most popular candi-
dates, yet were wholly without means
whereby these "popular" ones might
be ascertained. However, members
are still at liberty to vote for whom
they please, regardless of the regular
nominees. Members will bear in mind
the fact that the first two in each list,
having received the highest vote, are
considered the candidates. The result
of the ballot is as follows:

For President— J. U. Harris, C. P.
Dadant, Dr. C. C. Miller, Geo. W.
York, A. J. Cook, A. I. Root, E. T. Ab-
bott, W. A. Selser, G. M. Doolittle, R.
C. Aikin, E. Whitcomb, R. L. Taylor,
H. E. Hill, W. Z. Hutchinson.

For Vice-President — C. P. Dadant,
J. F. Mclntyre, Geo. W. Brodbeck,
Geo. W. York, Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M.
Doolittle, W. L. Coggshall, J. Hall, J.
U. Harris. E. R. Root, Wm. McEvoy,
O. L. Hershiser, J. Johnson, H. Moore,
W. H. Laws, W. Z. Hutchinson, H.
H. Hyde, R. C. Aikin, F. Greiner, F.
Fouch, E. T. Abbott, W. A. Selser,
Frank Benton.

For Secretary — W. Z. Hutchinson,
Geo. W. Brodbeck, W. H. Laws, S. A.
Niver, L. H. Scholl, E. T. Abbott, G.
F. Davidson.

For General Manager — N: E. France,
L. H. Scholl.

For Director, to succeed E. Whit-
comb—E. Whitcomb. H. H. Hyde, F.
W. Muth, H. E. Hill, J. F. Mclntyre,
Geo. W. Brodbeck. W. Z. Hutchinson,
.T. A. Green, .Tames Heddon, A. .7. Cook,
E. Pratt W. Alexander H. Mendleson,
A. Carmichael, Wm. Stolley, E. Gann-
son, M. Dearby.

Director to succeed W. Z. Hutchin-
son—R. L. Taylor, J. Q. Smith, W. Z.
Hutchinson, Geo. W. Brodbeck, F. W.
Muth, M. A. Gill, W. L. Coggshall,
Geo. W. Y^ork, Eugene Secor, C. P.
Dadant, IT. Surface, .T. W. Rouse. E. S.
Lovesy, Wm. Gary, .1. U. Harris, H.

Mendleson, C. Stewart, E. Alexander,
F. Rauchfuss.

Director, to succeed Udo Toepper-
weiu — Udo Toepperwein, E. S. Lovesy,
Dr. C. C. Miller, H. H. Hyde, J. Q.
Smith, E. T. Abbott, F. L. Allen, L. H.
Scholl, E. R. Root, F. Brown, W. H.
Laws, W. Victor, H. S. Ferry, Frank
Benton, B. J. Atchley, Gus Dittmer, H.
Lathrop, Emma Wilson, C. Stewart
L. Stachelhausen, E. F. Atwater.

While the editor of The Bee-Keepei
deeply appreciates the honor, and th(
evident good will of the uukuowr
friends who have placed his name ii
nomination for these offices, he be
lieves that he can better serve the in
terests of the fraternity by remaininj
as at present, on the outside, free am
unfettered; and we therefore kindh
ask our friends to waste no votes uiioi
the writer, in this connection. Messrs'
F. W. Muth and H. H. Hyde ar
doubtless free and eminently qualifie*
to serve the interests of the associa
tion, and we do not hesitate to plac
upon record the wish that both may b
honored with a place on the board 0
the National. We have reason to be
lieve that both these gentlemen ar
not only capable and willing to as
sume the duties of dh-ector, but the
their motives, like the product whic
they handle by the hundreds of ton
are "pure and wholesome." Doubtlej
the list of regularly nominated cand
dates, as well as that of the man
others whose names have been su
gested, are not less so. It is cob
prised very largely of bright stars i
the apiarian firmament.

LOOK UPON THIS PICTURE.

AND THEN ON THIl

Charity is a virtue which has m
lieen developed to its fullest ar
broadest extent in all men. Like
small, or declining colony of bees,
is sometimes well to stimulate mode
ately, in the development of this, tl
"greater of the trinity of greatest vi
tnes — charity.'' With no other wis
than that of stimulating charity, tl
editor deems it prudent to quote fra
two letters recently received from p
irons of The Bee-Keeper. The fir?
is from a western bee-keeper who hi
invested tweuty^five cents in advert!
ing a ten-cent article in our columB
The second, from a permanent adve
tiser who lives in a foreign countr
The extracts follow:

"The appearance of 's reply

8s
iisi

W

I

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

237

'be Bee-Keeper has man-ed the paper Illustrierte Monatsblaetter f. Bienen
n my sight ever since. My acl brought zucht, m., Klosterneuburg, Austria.

n just two ten-cent orders. This to
ether with the loolvs of the rest of
he A. B. K. ads madi- me to change
Dy opinion of the importance of the
aurnal."
This is No. 2. received in same mail:
"I have been receiving orders by
learly every mail — last steamer
irought $11.00 from several different
tates. There is no doubt as to the
Lmerican Bee-Keeper being the best
ee journal noAV published in the Eng-
sh language."

If everything appearing in The Bee-
keeper is not entirely to the taste of
he reader, he should exercise a de-
ree of charity, remembering that not
'Ss than five thousand persons read
very issue of the paper, and though
-e should like very much to be able to
lease them all, it is impracticable to
o so. We have, however, the personal
ssurance of thousands that they are
ery much pleased with our efforts to
ssist and interest them. Those who
nd The Bee-Keeper disagreeable are
uite at liberty to transfer their pat-
)nage to other publications, more sat-
factory.

The Bee-Keeper continues to in-
ease and grow stronger each day;
Qd much gratitude is due our many

eadfast friends for this success. We borg. Denmark.

Deutsche Imker aus Bochnien, Aus-
Prag, Bohemia, Austria.

Vcela Moravska, m., Prag Bohemia,
Austria.

Munchner Bienenzeitung, s. m., Mun-
chen, Austria.

Oesterr, Uugar, Bienen-Zeitung, Vi-
enna, Austria.

Bienen- Vater m., Vienna, Austi-ia.

Auti-alian Bee Bulletin, m.. West
Maitland, N. S. W., Australia.

Australasian Bee-Keeper, m., West
Maitland N. S., Australia.

L'Abeille Luxembourgeoise, m., a
Arlon, Belgium.

L'Apiculteur Beige, m., Biez, Bel-
gium.

L'Abeille et sa Culture, m., Huv,
Belgium.

Die Bie, m., Herenthals, Belgium.

Le Progres Apicole, m., Mont-sur-
Marchienne, Belgium.

Le Rucher Beige, m., a Prayou-
Ti-ooz. Belgium.

L'Abeille et sa Culture, m., Huy, Bel.

De Bienenvriend, m., St. Ghlslain,
Belgium.

De Mandelbie, m., Rosselare, Bel-
gium.

Canadian Bee Journal, m.. Brant-
ford, Canada.

Tldskrift • for Biavl, m., Kalund-

eartily assure them they have it.
EE JOURNALS OF THE WORLD.

Some time ago the Western Bee
)urnal published the statement that
lere were about eighty-five bee jour-
ils published in the world. The
atement has apparently been of
eat interest, and further information
i to what these many journals are
Id where they live, is sought. We
ilieve it will be of general interest

our readers to see the list, and we

Lerefore give it below, from the Trade

ess List, of Boston, with but slight

•vision. So far as we know, those

ich follow are all exclusive bee
[urnals, though we have not the hon-

to claim a personal ecquaintance
ith each one. The abbreviations
ter the names indicate the periods of
iblication — w., weekly; s. m., semi-

nthly; m.. monthly, etc: ^...^._. „

Bltn. Societe d' Apiculture de Tunisle, Seine (Aube), France

Les Abeilles et les Fruits, m., Mazi-
eres, Chevillon Ht. Marne, France.

L'Abeille de I'Aisne, m., Laon
(Aisne) France.

L'Union Apicole, m., Chateauroux
(Indre) France.

Bulletin de la Societe d'Apiculture de
la Meuse, m., Bar-le-duc, France.

'Abeille Alpine, s. m., Ecole (Sa-
France.

Bulletin du Rucher des Allobroges,
m., St. Jean de Maurlenne (Savoie),
Fi'ance.

L'Abeille, Bourguignonne, m., Joigny
(Yonne), France.

L'Abeille Alpine, s. m., Ecole ((Sa-
voie) France.

Le Miel, m., La Roche-Yon (Vendee)
France.

La Gazette Apicole de France, m.,
Montfavet (Vaucluse), France.

L'Abeille de I'Est, bi-m., Nancy,
France.

La Ruche. 6 times a year, Nogent

Tunis, Algiers
I'Abeille, s. m., (An Ruisseau) par
Duba, Algiers.

L'Apiculteur, m., Paris, France.
L'Abeille des Pyrenees, m., Pau (Bse
P.), France.

238 THE AMERICAN

Bltn, de la Societe de Apiculture de
la Somme, e-o-m., Peronue (Somme),
France. ,^ ...

L'Abeille de Merillac, m., a Merillac
((C. d. N.), France.

L'Abeille du Rouergue, m., St. Gen-
iez (Aveyron), France.

Kevue Eclectique d' Apiculture, m.,
Saiute-Soline (Deux Sevres), France.

L'Abeille, m., Ti-oyes, France.

Praktisclier Wegweiser, m., Oranien-
burs-Berliu, Germany.

Imkerscliule, m., Flacht, Germany.

Praxis der Bienenzucht, m., Cliar-
lottenburg, Germany.

Bienenwirtschaftliches Centi-alblatt

Hannover, Germany. .

Leipziger Bienen-Zeitung, m., Leip-
zig, Germany.

Bienen-Zeitung, m., Luxemburg, Gei-

many. , . ,. /n

Bltn de la Societe d'Apiculture d

Ais-Lne., Mundolsheim, Germany.
Rheinische Bienenzeitung, m., M.

Gladbach, Germany.
Pfalzer Bienenzeitung, m., Reliborn,

Germany. . . ^ ^

Bienenzucht, m., Tburingia, Gei-

™Bienenflege, Hoheim, Wurttemberg,
Germany.

Maandschrift voor Byenteelt, m.,
Bevernogk. Holland.

L'Apicoltore, m., Milan„ Italy.

Corrii^pondenza Apistica, m., Orson-
na fAbruzzi), Italy.

II Risveglio Agricolo, m., Teramo,

Italy. „. ^ ,, ,,

Maandscbift, Voor Bisenteelt, \ e-

verwijk, Nederland. .

El Apicultor, m., Barcelona, fepam.

El Colmenero Espanol, m., Barce-
lona, Spain.

Scheweizerische Bienen-Zig, m., All
staten (St. Gallen), Switzerland.

Tidskrift for Biskjotsel, m., Chris-
tian ia. Norway.

Bitidningen, m., Helingsborg, Swe-
den. ^ .^ ,

Westnik Inostrannoy Literature
Pchalovodstva, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Pfhelovodstvo, Viatca, Russia.

Pchelovodniy Musey, Stavropol.
Kawcasskiy, Russia.

.Turnal Cungurscago Obshestvo
Pchelovodstva. Cungur Perm, Russia.

Pchela, Ecatereneslavi, Wremennii,

Russia.
Obozrenie Pchelovodstva, Costroma,

Russia. , ^ XI 1, 1

Westnik Russcago Obshestva Pchel-
ovodstva. Costroma, Russia.
Mezelane, Revel, Russia.
Russkiv Pchelovodniy Listok, Petro-

BEE-KEEPER.

Novembei

voko-Razumovskoe, Moscow, Russia.

L'Amicul Progressului Romaian, m
Strada, Conei, 65, Busuresci, Rouman
la.

Bee-Keepers' Record, m., London
England.

British Bee. Journal, w., London
England.

Irish Bee Journal, m.. Lough Rynj
Dromod, Ireland.

Western Bee Journal, m., Hanford
Cal.

American Bee-Keeper, m., office
Falconer, N. Y., and Fort Pierce, Fla

American Bee Journal, w., Chicag(
Ills.

Bee Keepers' Review, m., Flin
Mich.

Progressive Bee-Keeper, m., Higgin
ville. Mo.

Gleanings in Bee Culture, s. m., Mt
dina, Ohio.

Rural Bee-Keeper, m., River Fall
Wis.

fl

Dr. Miller, in Gleanings, queries i
to whether there may not be a difEe
ence as to the crossness of bees in di
ferent years. Probably every expei
enced bee-keeper has observed th:
different days produce different infl
ences upon the mood of the bee, nc
withstanding the existence of siinil;
conditions in so far as relates to n£
ural food supply, etc. If such contra
influences are exerted without apps
ent cause during two successive daj
it is not improbable that certain yea
may be. more largely than othei
made up of days in which this evil i
fiuence predominates. Environmen
influence humanity very perceptibl
Why not the bee?

J. A. Green, in Gleanings, observ
that, while "back in Illinois," he S'
dom found it of any benefit to put t
honey knife in either hot or cold "W
ter. When extracting alfalfa hou
In Colorado, a hot Avater bath is c"
sirable. This is an instance in whi
experience has qualified a writer
advise wisely outside of his own
cality. Too many who pose as 1
structors General for the univer
have naught upon which to base th«
very firmly-rooted beliefs and advi
but an experience of greater or le
duration in some one county of t
manv widely different States. A b
water bath for the uncapping knl
greatly facilitates smooth, easy woi
under certain conditions, in ma'
parts of our big country. Two knl\

\i

-one heating while the other is in
ise — is a most satisfactory arrauge-
aent under such circumstances.

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

\n

E'RE NOT THE "ONLY PEBBLE."
The one great problem with publish-
rs of periodical journals, etc., is that
" how to most expeditiously build up a
irculation of paying proportions. No
uch publication can long subsist un-
ss it succeeds in gaining friends and
latrons enough to give it advertising
lerit. All kinds of methods are
rought into requisition with a view

establishing and maintaining a prof-
:able circulation — some offer premi-
ims; some institute special low-rate
rial subscriptions; some endeavor to
ive such excellent value that every-
ne who becomes acquainted with the
aper will avail himself of the bene-
ts it has to offer; others club with
amily magazines at ridiculously low
ates, etc., etc. The latest method,
owever, recently adopted by one of
ie young bee journals is that of en-
eavoring to impress upon its readers
lat its contemporaries are secretly ar-
ayed against the interests of the
oney producer, and accordingly insin-
ating that the older journals should
e dropped and the more worthy youth
iibstituted. That is, the new journal

substance, asks to be sustained at
16 expense of the lists established by
le older periodicals. In other words,
le pitiful appeal of the new publisher

Stop taking the other journals and
ike mine.

We shall not question the benignity
f the new publisher, nor his sincerity

wishing to assist bee-keepers; but
■cm our view point it appears that if
ver a publisher assumed a mistaken
olicy, this one has done it. Not to ex-
?ed one in ten of those who keep bees
I the United States now take a bee
mrnal. The field does therefore not
spear to be so much overcrowded that
new comer must necessarily feed up-

the honest accumulations of its co-
orkers in order to exist. The Amer-
an Bee-Keeper regards such tactics
!_ savoring very strongly of jealousy,
ingled with unmistakeable odors of
■eed and selfishness.
We have not a single name upon our
5t which is not esteemed, and we
lould like very much to be able to
ive each and every one remain with

while we continue to add many
hers, so that a better and larger jour-
il may the sooner become possible;

i

239

but we delight in the thought that we
have several most worthy, bright,
clean and valuable competitors in the
field with (not against) us, and all
merit patronage and success.

We want thotisands more to take the
American Bee-Keeper, and hope they
may do so; but we are disinclined to
insult our intelligent readers by tell-
ing them that this is the only Avorthy
bee journal published. There are
others and we are glad of it. We wish
them all success.

STILL ADVANCING.

At no time during the history of its
present management has The Bee-
Keeper received so many complimen-
tary letters from its readers; nor have
we ever had a greater quantity of ex-
cellent material on hand for public-
ation. Still we need more good material
and ask our friends to kindly help us in
the effort to fill every issue with inter-
esting and spicy matter during the com-
ing winter. If each present subscriber
would send us one new patron soon,
we could add sixteen to twenty-four
pages with the beginning of the new
year.

That it it not difficult to secure new
subscribers, when a little effort is put
forth in that direction, is evidenced by
the fact that during the past season
many of our readers have sent in from
ten to thirty new subscribers each. We
will greatly appreciate the reader's
kind assistance in this matter; and we
will be mutually benefited thereby.

"\Miy a freezing temperature is so
much more disastrous to bees confined
in a cellar than it is to those wintering
upon the summer stand, in the open
air. is a question now agitating the
minds of the sages of beedom. Sev-
eral of the " great guns," as well as
some of the lesser lights, have been
guessing as to the "why;" and some
of the guesses are quite interesting, if
not altogether tenable. Why can not
American Bee-Keeper readers indulge
somewhat in this guessing contest. No
coupon is necessary — guesses are free.

With the next issue we shall have
completed fourteen years of publica-
tion without the slip of a belt or cog.
The next fourteen years will be easy.
The American Bee-Keeper has gained
strength constantly, and is permanent-
ly established, far beyond the experi-
mental stage.

t^" Under this heading -will be inserted, for rehable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write lor prices,
and state quality and quantity wanted.

(5-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price deliv red
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO. 51
Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5 6)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denver. Colo. E

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Watei
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

HONEY AND BEESWAX
MARKET.

Cincinnati, Sept. 15.^ — There is an improve-
ment in the honey market, so far as extracted
honey is concerned. The demand has increased
considerably, but the supply is limited, owing
to the fact that bee-keepers in general are
mistakably holding their crop for better prices.
We quote amber extracted, in barrels, at 5J^
to 6 cents.

The comb honey situation is badly demor-
alized, being aught but encouraging. Quote
fancy white clover comb honey at 14 to 15
cents. Beeswax, 26 and 28 cents.

The Freu W. Muth Co.

No. 51 Walnut St.

Chicago, Sept. 9.— The market is now
showing- more activity. Some small lots
of fancy white clover have been sold at
14c per pound, with No. 1 ranging at 12c
to 13c. "Very little call for other grades.
Extracted white brings 6c to 7c; amber
5c to 6c, according to quality, flavor and
style of package. Beeswax, 280 to 29c.
R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 South Water St.

Kansas City, Mo., Oct. 10.— The supply
of honey is fairly good, with demand
somewhat limited. The continued warm
weather curtails the demand for honey,
ithough we look for increased demand
with the advent of cold weather We
quote our market today: No. 1 white,
$2.75 per case. Extracted, 6 to 6Vic. Bees-
wax, 30c. C. C. demons & Co.

Boston. Oct. 11, 1904.— We quote our
market for white coimb honey from 16 to
ISc. For No. 1, 14 to 16c. There is a good
demand, and receipts are not excessive.
Extracted honey wanted, with practical-
ly no stock on hand.

darker shades, $2.25 to $2.50; white extracted
7 cents. Beeswax, good demand at 30 cents
C. C. demons & Co.

Cent=a=Word Column

SHAKERS' TOBACCO CURE positivel
cures tobacco habit for $1.00, or money re
turned. Harmless, yet eflfective. Enable
you to stop at once or regulate amour
used. Enough sent for $1.00 to complet
cure. Satisfaction guaranteed. Shakf

Chemical Co., Station "F," Cincinnati, Ohi<

3-5

it
111

'INCREASE" is the title of a little boo! ^
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make v
winter losses without much labor and wit
out breaking up full colonies; entirely nc I
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. A ^
dress E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7

FOR SALE — A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com

plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $8.0
will sell with leather case for $.1.50 casl
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, ^
Y.

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lad>
cost |150, in first-class condition, was built 1
order for the owner. Tires new. Will se
for ?25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ai
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeviev
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising noi
ties, good commission allowed. Send fi
catalogue and terms. American Manufa
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDlivA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

3UEENS from Jamaica any day in the
year Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; se-
5Ct tested, $1.50. Our queens arc reared from
le very finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-
A-Mar P O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113. PROVI-
' DENCE, R. I., is tilling orders for the popu-

ir, hardy, honey-getting Providence strain of

;ueens. Write for free information.

H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO
(Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
olden yellow. Red Clover and Carniolan
iieens, bred from select mothers in separate
iaries.

OHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL. TENN.
sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold
Italian queens that skill and experienct

in produce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No

«ease.

\ UIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
( ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
ley wintered on their summer stands within
few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
ee Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

VJ. DAVIS. IsU YOUNGSVILLE, PA., breed-
• er of Choice Italian Bees and Queens.
uality, not quantity, is my motto.

C WARTHMORE APIARIES, SVVARTII-
<J MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
the brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS? If so I
can furnish you queens of the following races
by return mail : Three- and five-banded Italians,
Cyprians, Uoly Lands, Oarniolans and Albinos .
Untested of either race, 75c each; select untested,
81. 00 each; six for S4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested,
of either race, S2.00 each; six for $10.00; one dozen
$18.00; Breeders, $4. 50 each. Safe arrival guar-
anteed. B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas. Aug. 5

QUEEN BEES are now ready to mail.
Golden Italians, Red Clover three-banded
queens and C^tmiolans. We guarantee s;i
arrival The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MjCH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.00.

M

OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to all.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

PUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheflfield, England. 4

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I ex-
tracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903. Thos.
Worthington, Leota, Mi.ss. Aug. 5

The Bee=Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

Opportunities for making money out of
bee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
keeper with a single apiary, from which he
makes a living in a good year, and nothing in
a poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

secure a good location, if not already in pos-
session of one, adopt such methods as will en-
able him to branch out and manage several
apiaries, he will find that in a good year he can

Pile up Honey

ton upon ton — enough to support himself and
family for several years, llie Review is help-
ing bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

in making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ing of a good location; and the Review even
goes so far as to discover anu make known
desirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
that of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
able strain; and, having had years of experi-
ence with all the leading varieties of bees, the
editor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
his readers where to get the best stock. Still
further, the Review teas how to make

Rapid Increase,

how to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
single season, into an apiary of 100 or more
colonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
keeper must learn how to manage them so as
to be able to establish an out-apiary here, and
another there, and care for them with weekly
visits — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
when extracted honey is produced. It is in
teaching bee-keepers how to thus

Control Sivarming,

that the Review has been, and is still, doing
its best work. If a man only knows how, he
can care for several apiaries now as easily as
he once cared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the next
step is that of selling it. This is the most
neglected, yet

The Most Important Problem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, and
one that the Review is working the hardest to
solve. So many men work hard all summer,
produce a good crop, and then almost give it
away. The Review is trying to put a stop to
this "giving it away." It is showing, by the
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepers,
how the leisure months may be employed in
selling honey at prices that some of us would
call exorbitant. The men who have done this
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actual,
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able to
secure, as correspondents, men who have scat-
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them with
little or no help and made money. These men
are able to write from actual experience — they
know how they have succeeded, and can tell
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-keep-
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't afford
not to

Read The Revieiv.
It will lead you and encourage you, and fill
you with ideas, and tell you how to do things
— show you how to enlarge your business and
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1.00 a
year; but, i£ you wish to become better ac-
quainted with it before subscribing,

Send Ten Cents

for three late, but different issues, and the ter
cents may apply on any suoscription sent it
during the year. A coupon will be sent en-
titling you to the Review one year for onlj
90 cents.

W. Z. H UTCH INSON

lO-tf

FLINT, MICHIGAN

Preparation For
Winter,

And the wintering: problem^
are the subjects under dis-
cussion in the Current Num-
bers of THE RURAL BEE
KEEPER,

Big Discount on early orders,
write for sample copies, and
send IOC for 3 late numbers.

W. H. PUTNAM,
River Falls, = = Wis.

National Bee>-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wig.,

General Manager and Treasure!

^^QQQ^QQQ^Q^^^^QQQ^Q^^^^^^^^i

Subscription Agencies.

Subscriptions for the Aineri-

C

c
c

^ can Bee-Keeper may be entered C

(3 through any of the following ©

3 • .. ©

i 3 agents, when more convenient ©

I than remitting to our offices at q,
- ©

©
©
C

j I Fort Pierce, Florida, or James-

I town, N. Y.:

I

J. E. Jonhson, Williamsfield, ©

©

5 The Fred W. Muth Company, ©
i 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. ©

1 John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex. ©

2 Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell, ©
5 Ontario. ©
a G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek, ©
|} British Honduras. S

3 Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N. ©
3 Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan House, C
3 England. ©
J G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang- ©
^ anui, New Zealand. ©
J H. H. Robinson, Independencla C
l 16, Matanzas, Cuba. ^
3 Colorado Honey Producers* ©
I Association, 1440 Market St., *
3 Denver, Colo. ©

A Boon
For

Pfliiltr:Keer''R

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which eontalns
Poultry Keepere' Aoc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses eve:- month for one year. Worth 25
cts, sent to you for ll c. if you will send names of 5
poultry keepers with your order. Address,
fc. 8. VIBUBRT. P.B. 66. Clintonville. Coii»

CASH FOR YOl

The American Bee-Keeper is in the market to buy arti-
cles on bee-keeping subjects. Articles with photographs
to illustrate are especially desired. We will pay well for
good work. We want reporters in all parts of the world.
Give us an opportunity to bid on your pen productions
and the results of your photographic skill. Address,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

Put

Your

Trust

In

Providence '
Queens,

Introduce new blood now for next season's l_
service.

PROVIDENCE nUEENS
rove Their IjuALITIES

To be of the Highest.
LAWRENCE C. MILLER,

P. O.Box 1113. Providence, R. I.

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, ann'ual return on investment.

Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
scriptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
bor Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business direct to Washington,
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to TJ. S. Patent Office. FREE prellmin-

• ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent

• is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS
[actual EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"
I etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers
) receive special notice, without charge, in the

INVENTIVE AGE

[ illtistrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year.

918 FSt., IM. W.,

iWASHINGTON, D. C.

[.CSieeERS.;

E H,

If, EINGHAI

has made all tlie im-
provemtiiits ii

Bee Smokers anc
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, uiidoiiljtcdb
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too lurg. sen
postpaid, per mail j;] 5

A^ inch 1.1

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch i.O

2 V^ inch 9

r. F.Bingham, ^incb
Farwell, Mich.

Little Wonder, 2 in. .e

Pateit Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frame:

TIlin Flat Bottom FonidatlOQ

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Hone;

Being the cleanest is usually worked th
quickest of any foundation made. The tal
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnis
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheap*
and not half the trouble to use that it is t
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN «£ SONS.

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. 11

!. J. STRINQHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Tested Italian Queens,

I lb. Sq. Honey Jars,

No, 25 Jars, _ _ _

J 2 oz. Jar. burnishtd tin cap,

$1.00 each
$5.00 gross
$5.75 gross
$5.00 gross

Discount on more tlian one gross. Extracted lioney always]
on hand at from 5 1-2 to 8 cents pound.

APIARIES===QLEN COVE, L. I. CATALOG FREE'

IFHE ONLY GERMAN AGRICULTURAL MONTH-
Y IN THE UNITED STATES JtjZjtjtjItjtJtjlt

FARM UND HAUS

The most carefully edited German
Vuiicultural journal. It is brimful of
i-.ictical information and useful bints
or tbe up-to-date farmer; devoted to
;tiick raising, general farming, garden-
im, poultry, bee-keeping, etc., and cou-
;iins a department of the household,
vhich many find valuable. Another de-
)artment giving valuable receipts and
emedies called "Hausarzt," in fact ev-
iry numbef contains articles of real
)ractical use.

Price only 35 CENTS per year. Sam-
)le copy free.

Send subscriptions to

-ARM UND HAUSj

tf. BLUFFTON, OHIO.

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yooi the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO.. IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms,

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

?\LLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS EOR

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

IK IN NKBD

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price
on the cash basis, in selling or >iuyln~

I do business

Full Stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their factory prices.
SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

2146-48 Gentral Ave.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos precios en to-
da clase de articulos para Apicultores.
Nucstra Fabrica cs una de las mas
grandcs y mas antiguas de America.
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadores
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. In
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchos
irticulos de suma utilidad en la Apicul-
tura. Enviamos gratis nucstro catalogo
y precios a quicnes lo soliciten. Dirija-

nse a.

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,

Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100

Wanted to raise
Belgians

K¥

The only strictly agricultural
paper published in this State. The
only agricultural paper published
every week. It goes to every post
office in State of Tennessee and to
many offices in Kentucky, Alabama,
Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas,
Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It
is the official organ of the Agricul-
tural Department of Tennessee and
Live Stock Commission. Subscrip-
tion $1 per year in advance.

Tennessee Farmer Pub. 00i|
m Nashville, Tenn.

BEGINNERS.

shoii.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prol. J. W. Rouse; writtea er
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just o«'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two yeari
Editor York says: "It is the tnest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 2i cenU; by
■sail 2S cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a liTe, progresHiTe, 28 page monthly journal,) on«
year for boc. Apply to any first-clasB dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., HiggiEsrme, m..

Send for particulars and sample cop;
of the only

Belgian Hare Journa!

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, M<

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notic

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtts in the U. S. A. or
year for 10 t'ents, providing yo
vp mtion Aaierican Bee-Keeper.

The OoUDtry Journal treats c
f arm. Orchard and Garden, Poii
* ty and Fashion. It's the best p:
V»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N.
keeps a complete supply of our goods, i
Eastern customers will save freight by ord
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co

lGENTS Wanted "waThTng'Machines.
You can double your money every time you sell one

d they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
i cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
fruit growing unless you read it.

balance of this year free to new
)scribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

PATENTS

romptly obtained OR NO FEE. Trade-Marks,
!aTeata, Copyrights and Labels registered.
WENTT TEAKS' PRACTICE. Highest references,
end model, sketch or photo, for free report
a patentability. All business confidential.
LAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells
tow to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
/ill Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
lechanical movements, and contains 300 other,
objects of importance to inventors. -Address,

1. B. WILLSON & CO. '""'

790 F Street North.

Attorneys
WASHINGTON, D. C.

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, which
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford 111 .

50 YEARS'
lENCE

Trade Marks

DESIGNS

Copyrights Ac.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Htnerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, |1. Sold by all newsdealers.

iyilINN4Co.3«'«-^''-yNewYork

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

m SOOTHERN FARIEB.

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription,

50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month
and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

HOMESEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ed in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing the
industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c. Address,

THR DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va tf

Honey

PRODUCTIO^

AND

SELLING.

These ai"e the two main problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as im-
portant as the_ other. Many can produce fine honey ,but fail to get the best
prices. Your crop in attractive packages is half sold. The first honey It
the market sells the best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

No-drip Shipping Cases.

Do not put your section honey
poorly made section cases. It w
bring less if you do. "We make o
cases of white bass-wood, and th
are constructed so they will not lee
Neither do the sections get stuck
with honey. Made for all kinds
sections, and in all sizes. Also gU
for fronts. For retailing honey th(
is nothing neater than the Dar
Carton. Ask for our catalogue givl
Hers^^iser Jars. complete prices and descriptions.

The finest of all glass pack-
ages for extracted honey. Made
of clear glass with aluminum
caps, which seal tlaem tight. We
sell other styles of glass pack-
ages. Don't fail to study the
candied honey question. There
is a great future for this. We
sell the famous Aiken Honey
Bag for retailing candied honey.
, See our general catalogue for
further description and jirices.

Five-Gallon Tin Cans.

The favorite package for shipp
extracted honey. No leaking,
tainted honey. The cans being sqiii
economize space, and are easily bos
Also smaller sizes. Cans furnisl
with different widths of screw c|
or honey gates. Don't fail to get
prices before ordering. Remeopil
that freight charges should be-i
sidered with the prices. We cai
from our bi'anch houses.

Comi)lete Description and Prices in General Catalogue.

THE A. L ROOT CO.

Factory and Executive Office = = MEDINA,

BRANCHES— Chicago, 111., 144 Bast Erie St.; Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vesey St.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Mechanic Falls,M«
St Paul, IMinn., 1024 Miss. St.; San Antonio, Texas; Washington, D
1100 Md. Av.; Havana, Cuba, 17 San Ignacio; Kingston, Jamaica,
Harbour St.

I

at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla;, as seconrl-class mail matter

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, 3,nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

There is no trade or profession better catered to
D7 good journals than that of the farmer. Unin-
telliicent nnprogressireness has now no ezonBe.

ABATH..!.«^

wlier UMPIRE

tiiken in an " Portable
Folding BATH TUB.

Used in any room.
Agents Wanted.
Catalogue Free.

, thb empire

"washer CO.,
Jamestown,n.y.

&<

CURE CONSTIPATION. LIVER. BOWEL i

STOMACH TROUBLES.
10c. and 25c. per Box AsX Yoar D

ACCEPT NO SrBSTITUTES

35

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZ

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest lllus
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-date,
all about Southern Home Life,
full of fine engravings of grand {
ery, buildings and famous pe
Send at once. 10c. a year post
anywhere in the U. S., Canada-
Mexico. 3 years SOc. Or, clubs-
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a j
Money back if not delighted. S1|
taken. Cut this out. Send today^g

THE DIXIE HOME,
Birmingham, Ala.

When writing, menlion the Am. BeeKce]

POULTRY success '

THE 20th CENTURY POULTR'

MAGAZINE.

15th year. 32 to 64 pages. Beautifu
lustrated, up-to-date and helpful. Best V
writers. Shows readers how to snccceil
poultry. 50 CENTS PER YE.\R. S
introductory offers: 10 months, 25 cent
eluding large practical poultry book free
monthsl trial, 10 cents. Stamps ac«n
Sample copy free. Poultry Success Co.,
16, Springfield, Ohio, or DesMoines, !<

When writing to advertisers niei
The American Bee-Keeper.

SHINE!

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. v., makes a Shine Cabiret, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best — rnd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa-
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common. A postal will bring
you details of this and other good things.

American

BEE

Jouri

16 -p. We

Sample

IS- All about Bees and

profitable care. Bett wr

Oldest bee paper; iUnsti

Departments fcr bei^ii

and for women bee-keep<

Address,

aEORQB W. YORK & (

144 &. 146 Erie St. ChicaOC

One yetir fi
quickly il
duce it

Big Magazine

prefer it to Harper's. Muiisey's, Ladies'
Journal or McCIure's. Send" 10 cents to
pay postage. AMKRICAN STORIES, Dep
D., Qrand Rapids, Mich

^^:m

Bee H i ves
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER JVIANFG. CO.,

JAMESTONA/'^', N. Y.

-

I

J

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

ot .5* IN FLORIDA J- Jt

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
»rated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

Is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy. ^•

The News, Fort Picrce,FIa

The Pacific States Bee Journal

AND THE

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal

Have been consolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
one journal under the name,

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
larger and better than either of
its predecessors, and its pub-
lisher will make every eflEort to
make it the best bee journal
published anywhere. It is pub-
lished in the west, where the
largest apiaries in the world are
located, and is therefore most in
touch with what is best and
most practical in beedom.

Write foi free Sample copy.

Subscription $1.00 per annum.

P. F. ADELSBACH,
Editor and Publisher,
HANFORD, CALIFORNIA

Nearly 100.

BEWARE

>VHERC YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

WIS!

D n

/ tKX TERTO WN,

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Watertown, Wis.

Send 1
Catal*

\{

^ IF YOU I

% WANT TO GROW i

^ Vegetables, Fruits and Farm

^ Products in Florida subscribe ,

® for the FLORIDA AQRICUL"

W\ TURIST. Sample copy sent

^ on application.

^ E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

^ JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

MAPS^

A vest pocket Map of your St8
New issue. These maps show
the Counties, in seven colors,
railroads, postoffices ■ — and mj
towns not given in the postal gu
— rivers, lakes and mountains, w
index and population of count!
cities and towns. Census — it gi
all official returns. We will S(
you postpaid any state map ;
wish for

20 cents (sHver)

JOHN W. HANN,
Wauneta, N

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. J- J- J- J- J' J- J-

-. H. FARMER,

82 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

rovidence Queens

BE SURE TO TRY THEM

Orders Booked Now
for Spring Delivery.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER,
evidence, = Rhode Island

'. O. Box 1113.

!0 per cent. Profit

neapples. Oranges, Qrape Fruit

a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

ly Lake Region of South Florida.

er cent, annual return on investment,
re air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
and oak land, bordered by fresh water
, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
title. Time payments. Address for de-
tive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

ICAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business direct to Washington,
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to IT. 8. Patent Office. FREE prellmln-
* ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due ontll patent
' IB secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS
I ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"
! etc., sent free. Patents procured tlirough E. Q. Slggers
[receive special notice, without chBJge, In the

INVENTIVE ACE

[illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year.

If. K.

If, eingha:

has made all tlKi im-
provemt^iitrf in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 30 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too lurg' cent

postpaid, per mail *1 50

3^ inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00

2^ inch 90

r.F. Bingham, ??°'?''w"h-" o"-' "«?

_ ..'^_. . Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Mich.

Pate it Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

Tbin Flat Bottom FoQQdatiGii

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is to
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN A SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

J. STRINQHAM, 105 Parle PL, N. Y. City

Tested Italian Queens^ - - - $1.00 each

J lb. Sq. Honey Jars, _ _ _ $5.00 gross

No. 25 Jars, - - - - - $5.75 gross

J 2 oz. Jar. burnishtd tin cap, - - $5.00 gross

count on more tlian one gross. Extracted lioney always
on hand at from 5 1-2 to 8 cents pound.

ARIES===QLEN COVE, L. 1. CATALOG FREE

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. We remit Imme-
diately upon receipt of Shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH COv,

References :
German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

t^^^HioH- CINCINNATIi O.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.
Sample copT ftnd 64-p«EC cataloeue, FREE
6-tf

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOTJRI

A monthly journal devoted to
cultural interests. Largest circul
of any agricultural paper in the
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. D0UGLAS5
Itf Lincoln, >

American

BEE

Jouii

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Sampli
49~ All about Bees aa
profitable care. Bestow
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1)4. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 243

ralities one could hope for. Every 20 pounds again. (Having to extract

however, who tried them found from the bodies, as they had not as-

iii spiteful stingers, and in all else cended into the supers. We have had

JO worthless. So if this gentleman a bad season in England.) A neighbor

; w condemns Funics, his judgment of the above gentleman's, I was in-

(it to be relied upon from his hav- formed, took only 80 pounds of honey

on former important occasions from six Italian stocks. In taking

, ;ken without his book. the honey from the four Punic stocks,

have been keeping Punic bees now I was not once assailed, the bees being

six years, with increasing confi- most complacent after a few puffs of

1 e in their splendid all-round qual- smoke in the mouth of the hive and

I should be accused of exag- between the combs.

tion if I were to let myself go I might observe here that I decline

it those bees. I will, however, to believe Mr. Benton's statement

. kavor to let them speak for them- about handling bees without a veil.

.\es. I have had just over 200 of It is beyond belief that any race of

}■. Hewitt's queens. Each stock bees armed with stings will permit

I uied by a Punic queen I find de- themselves to be robbed without at-

ps a working power equal to three tempting to retaliate, for one's breath

ve or Italian stocks and upwards, is sure to invite attack even from half-

ue 50 stocks now, and I would stupefied bees.

exchange these for 150 native The gentleman owing the bees afore-

ks. I keep my bees in a planta- mentioned explained that he was

of firs, three miles from town. never attacked from his Pimic stocks.

Air. Benton states that Punics are but that a footfall was sufficient to

JIteful. How many bee-keepers call forth numbers of vigilant skir-

Huld dare to keep four great stocks mishers from his other hives. To

■olbees on twenty-four standard frames show his appreciation of these bees

e;h, four yards away from their he invited me to destroy his three

Ichen door? That is what I did native queens and bring him seven

\:h four of my Punic stocks this more Punic queens (cross-mated, at

anmer. The fences around my little five shillings each). Kept shaded,

I'rden are only five feet high; but well-ventilated, and not unjustly rob-

rne of my neighbors ever complain- bed, I can say without fear of suc-

e of the proximity of the bees. I cessful contradiction that there is

s for hours myself watching these no bee which approaches the ideal

\ ole-hearted little workers tearing nearer than my well loved Punics. I

i and out, oblivious of all else but say this after twenty years' experience

t'ir own needs. with other races. Going back to any

^or further proof let me relate that other race after keeping Punics would

I old four Punic stocks to three dif- be like reverting to the stage coach

f ent people in the same block. All after the railway.

Ise people placed their bees in their However, of all the false statements
L:k gardens, and I have yet to hear made by Mr. Benton, with regard to
'' any mishaps arising from their so Punics, the falsest is that made with
ng. (Each of my above customers regard to their wintering qualities. I
l^ve families of young children.) have wintered dozens of colonies of
"en again I went this summer to these bees in single-walled hives on
t'e the honey for an elderly gentle- unsealed stores, and have not lost a
-r n to whom I had sold four of Mr. spoonful of bees per hive. I have
I'witt's queens the previous season, never had a case of dysentery' with
ad here from the first stock I took them yet. We have had a succession
tenty-two solid slabs of honey beau- of cold springs in England, and the
t illy sealed in standard frames, extreme hardiness of Punics has pre-
lom the other three stocks I took vented all appearance of spring
' s:cessively twenty frames each, dwindling,
eially good. The honey was of Just to show briefly what can be
find quality — consistency, color and done with these bees I will cite d
fv'or. From the same gentleman's particular instance of their powers of
t ee stocks of native bees I took re- multiplication. In September, 1903,
S'ctively 25 pounds, 20 pounds and T mated a virgin queen I had from Mr.

244

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Decembe:

Hewitt in a three-frame nucleus. By
May, 1904, this stock covered twenty
frames. By July it covered thirty
frames. In August I took fifty pounds
of honey from it, and made two
strong nuclei with the empty combs.
In these I mated two more of Mr.
Hewitt's queens. These nuclei are
now two ten-frame stocks. So that
within a year from a three-frame nu-
cleus I get fifty pounds of honey, a
twenty-frame stock and two ten-frame
stocks. Another three-frame nucleus
in which I mated one of Mr. Hewitt's
Funics I sold in May of this year, as
a twenty-frame stock, for the sum of
two guineas.

Some day the bee-keeping world will
discover Funics and go wild over the
discovery, for if there is anything that
I am convinced firmly of, it is that
Funics are the bee of the future, and
Mr. Hewitt's system of queen-rais-
ing is the system of the future. Will
someone find me the bee-keeper who
on three days' notice will pack ofif
thirty-six sprightly little virgin queens
by one post, all arriving safely? When
I get to know that man, I will share
my worship of Mr. Hewitt with him.
From fifty stocks kept on Mr. Hew-
itt's lines, two swarms issued this
summer.

Agincourt, Vicarage Road, Wat-
ford, England, Nov. 3, 1904.

CONVENTION ECHOES.

Something from the Western Illinois
and the National Meetings. — A Sen-
sible and Seasonable Letter.

By J. E. Johnson.

THE WESTERN Illinois Bee-
Keepers' Association met Sep-
tember 20th, at Galesburg, Ills.,
and we had a very good meeting, well
attended. Several bee-keepers from
quite a distance were there, whom we
had not met before. Many new mem-
bers were added, and we had a very
profitable, pleasant time together.

I will not try to give in detail what
was said and done, except that several
questions concerning the manipula-
tion of bees were discussed, also plans
of selling honey advantageously. The
diflferent members expressed their in-
tention of attending our next meeting

arid of urging neighbor bee-keeper
to attend. Now, while we had a gooc
harmonious, profitable time, I want t
tell the readers of The American Bee
Keeper some of the things we did nc
do. There are a few bee-keepers wit
from 100 to 300 colonies of bees withi
30 to 40 miles of Galesburg who di
not attend our meeting; nor do the
attend any bee-keepers' associations
but we heard from them later, as
shall relate. The bee-keepers aroun
Williamsfield agreed to hold the
comb honey at 14 cents. So we ai
getting 14 cents for our honey in cas
lots. At Galesburg the merchants we;
offering i2yz cts., but the bee-keepe
were holding for 15 cents per poun
and some were getting their pric
when along came those fellows wl
did not attend our meeting and le
700 to 800 pounds in several of t)
stores at 10 cents per pound — gO(
comb honey at that. Well, that ju
"knocked the stuffing" out of that ma
ket for the time being, but the me
chants know that honey is not nea
ly so plentiful as last year, and a
keeping the retail price up, and t
wholesale price will soon recover.
I made it a point to visit one
these bee-keepers, and found that ;
though he had 160 colonies of bC'
he took only one bee paper and c
not read that very thoroughly, and ;
ways sold his honey for 10 cents f
pound, whether he had a good or
poor crop. His crop last year w
12,000 pounds. This year, only abc
3,000, but it was the same price. 1
did not know that we met in Gal<
burg nor anything about our assoc
tion. I had a pleasant chat with h
and invited him to attend our ne
meeting. He seemed very interest
and agreed to attend our next met
ing. I also find that another prel
extensive bee-keeper, about 40 mi!
away, sells his honey at home for
fair price, but sells at towns furtli
from home for 10 cents, seeming n
to realize nor care what the effect w
to other bee-keepers. At first ^
thought that surely the fool' kill
had failed to call on these bee-keepe
or if he had called he had failed to
his duty; but upon further investig
tion we found that when they vi
the larger towns the merchants p
up such a great talk about honey b
ing so plentiful and a drug on t

rj04. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 245

larket that they accept the low price are those where only a few take ac-
f 10 cents, not knowing that if they tive part. The president should judge
ad been members of our association when a member is out of order. At
nd attended the meetings they would the Chicago-Northwestern convention,
ave been enabled to get not less than all members are not only permitted
_'Jj cents and very probably 15 cents but asked to take part, and better Con-
or every pound of surplus they had. ventions were never held than those

0 while these fellows gave our cen- at Chicago. President Harris is an
ral market a black eye for a while, able man and quick and fair in his
,e shall guard against any future oc- decisions.

urrence of this kind. We shall en- A committee was appointed to wait

eavor to help them and get them to on some of the leading daily papers of

elp us. I feel very sure if bee-keep- St. Louis, so as to get a good report

rs would join together in local or- of the convention, but with the de-

janizations, much good will result plorable result of finding the next

1 many ways. day's paper stating that the delegates
Our next meeting will be held in were about evenly divided on the pos-

iie county courthouse at Galesburg, sibility of comb honey being manufac-
!ls., the first Wednesday in April, 1905, tured. When we take into considera-
nd we extend a hearty invitation to tion that that report was perhaps read
11 bee-keepers within reach of by thousands of residents of St. Louis
ialesburg to attend. The Western and many other cities and villages of
llinois Association has come to stay, Missouri and other adjoining states,
nd while we don't display great ora- besides very many world's fair visi-
Drical eloquence or quibble over par- tors from all parts of the world, we
amentary rules, we talk as much bee can only decide that it did a vast
ilk in one day as any bee-keepers' as- amount of injury; and coming from
Delation m America. If you don't be- a selected committee of the largest
eve It, just come and find out for bee-keepers' organization in America
°"''s^^f- its weight is all the greater, and

teaches us that it is largely through

I had the very great pleasure of at- the carelessness of the bee-keepers
ending the meeting of the National themselves that stories are started

ee-Keepers' Association at bt. Louis, which are so injurious to the honey

t which were gathered together industry.

lany noted bee-keepers from differ- I have had some experience in in-

nt parts of the United States and terviewing reporters and editors, as

Dme foreign countries, but owing to well as writing for the daily press. I

mited time and a desire to see as give below a few rules which I have

uich of the great world's fair as pos- found valuable:

ible, I only attended three sessions. Don't try to interview the editor of

did not hear any talk of manipulat- a large daily paper. Ask for a re-
ig bees, but listened to some very porter. The editor is a wonderfully
ble papers read by Prof. Benton, busy man, and has his own work to

ouis Scholl and others. Quite a lot look after, and will soon forget every
f business was transacted, or rather w-ord you have said,
laced in the hands of appointed com- When you go to interview a re-
littees. Only a few took part in the porter, go prepared. Don't try to
{•^cussions, in fact, one influential weave a report, but just give the main
lember gave a very polite invitation points in a few plain words. The re-

' members not sufficiently qualified porter will do the weaving to suit him-

' keep silent, as only those who self, whether you say so or not; but
juld talk interestingly should con- i^ given all the main points plainly his

ime such valuable time. As for my- article will be accurate. Both he and
■If I said nothing, nor had I any de- <^he editor are as anxious for an accu-

re to speak; but I think many very ''ate report as you are, but if they do
itelligent members were thus pre- get it wrong nine times out of ten
snted from taking active part. I the)' won't take it back,
^on't believe the best conventions Williamsfield, Ills., Nov. 7, 1904.

246

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Decembei

FOUL BROOD.

By John Hewitt.

1 NOTICE AN ARTICLE on this
subject by Mr. C. H. W. Weber
on page 24. Some day I hope to
make public the result of all my work,
but in the meantime allow me to cor-
rect Mr. Weber in several particulars
and put him on the right track for re-
search.

In the first place he says the bacil-
lus of foul brood was discovered b}''
Cheshire and Cheyne and named by
them "Bacillus Alvei." This is not
correct and is the fruit of an error
started in the British Bee Journal
Cheshire discovered it himself and
-named it B. Alvei eighteen months be
fore Cneyne took up the work of ver-
ifying Cheshire's discoveries. Cheyne
discovered nothing. Cheshire thought
Tie had discovered a cure for it in
phenol. I soon found he was mistak-
en in supposing so. I then made sev-
eral experiments based on observa-
tions and sent several subjects to
Cheshire to examine. Cheshire
thought I had a new bacillus disease,
and he made drawings of it, show-
ing the difference between it and the
true Alvei. As a matter of fact, it
was the real thing and he failed to
recognize it. From my experiments,
I arrived at the conclusion that the
disease did not reproduce itself until
it had passed through the nurse bees,
and from this I was able to devise a
cure, which I published in the Bee-
Keepers' Record for July, 1887, pp.
130 and 131. This cure has since been
put out in America as the discovery
of McEvoy, the Canadian foul brood
expert, though he never mentioned
it before I gave him a "slating" in the
"Bee Master" ten years after. This
cure is the only one that will ever
cure foul brood, except heat, and I
don't care what anyone may say to
the contrary.

The latest is a statement that Dr.
Lambotte, of Leige, has discovered
the bacillus of foul brood to be the
same as the bacillus of the potato
disease. I read a translation of his
article and came to the conclusion he
had not been experimenting with true
foul brood, but with a phase of bee
life many people think is foul brood.
Even Cheshire did. Lambotte got his

samples from bee-keepers (he was no
a bee-keeper himselt) and he de
scribes the diseased larvae as beinj
"yellow." Now the true foul brooi
is brown — not yellow in color. Bu
this yellow foul brood is fearfully lik
the true thing. Some years, with
aamp cold spell, almost every hiv
will be afifected; then no trace will b
found ior years, until another dam:
cold spell. I get lots of samples sen'
me from people who are sure the
have got foul brood, and experts ar
sure it is the real thing; but I am a!
ways able to tell them it will pas
away.

"This "yellow" form seems to ac
very much like the potato diseas'
which I am satisfied is not "infet
tious," as we understand the wore
for some years it is not seen, whi!,
in cold, damp seasons it is very con
mon. I have planted diseased sc
time after time and lifted crops witl
out a trace of disease.

The whole subject of infection
badly misunderstood. It is only r
cently that instruments were mat
powerful enough to see the bacilli)
Just fancy someone had made a ir
croscope which, by magnifying 6,0'
times, he was able to see strawbe
ries grow, each sending out shoots, a:
these in turn sending out fresh shoo
Now, just imagine the possibility
such a man being able to see the bf
ries with the fine seeds dotted on th<
face, each one capable of growing
a new plant. Just fancy he was at
to kill the plant with some kind
gas or other nostrum, how would
kill the seeds? My contention is, ■i
do not know the life history of the
bacillus germs, and he is a fool vf
thinks he does.

Let us take ferns as an example
what I mean. On the under side ol
leaf very fine particles of dust will
found, called "spores;" so fine are th«
they are blowing about in the air ■!
breathe, thousands of them. Set
damp tree pot out of doors, and the
sands will stick to it. You cann
scrape a handful of earth up withe
getting thousands, every one
which will grow if you give them t
right conditions, viz.: moistu
warmth and little light. Ferns C3
not grow in simlight. My idea
that all disease germs are like fe
spores — they will not germinate t

c

)04.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

247

pt under favorable conditions. I can hardly be of any importance.

nnw both the yellow and brown form But in the same race, some colonies

I foul brood follows this rule, as the or strains are endowed with more

v'cllow" form is only seen after a vitality or procreative powers.

rnp, cold spell.

THOSE QUEEN CELLS.

In twenty years, 42 per cent, of the
original colonies of an apiary disap-
peared, themselves and their swarms

I enjoy reading "Hardscrabble's" or descendants; 18 per cent, remain
tiaint letters, but he evidently has either themselves or are represented

it grasped my system. See his let-

by one of their descendants; 16 per
. 11 page. 36.' If'he will read my ar- cent, are represented by two colonies
cle carefully, he will see that I don't each. Another 16 per cent, are rep-
ar queens from larvae two days old resented each by three to ten colo-
id call it "rearing from the egg." By mes. The- remammg 8 per cent, may
.ing larvae two days old, I get the «^ach have all the way from 20 to 30 or
?es to make cells and half f^U them more descendants present.
ith royal food. Doolittle fills in the ^ table following the above shows
o(l; I get the bees to do it, whose i" detail that, as a general rule, the
me is not of such value as mine. I (polonies swarming either quite early
)nt know whether Doolittle values oi" ^^'te late are more apt to disap-
s time above that of the bees or Pear (either themselves or their de-
3t. These first larvae are picked ^cendants) than those which swarm in
It of the royal food— a very easy t'^^ middle of the swarming season,
atter — and are just hatched from the ir. Of 301 primary swarms ob-
;g, put in, and it is these which are served, 43 per cent, came from col-
ared into queens. If anyone else onies which had swarmed the year
IS ever published such a system I before, and therefore had queens one
ive yet to learn of it. It is a very year old. 20 per cent had queens two
sy matter to transfer larvae two days years old. 15 per cent, had queens
d into dry cells, and very easy to tnree years old, or, rather, came from
ck them out the next day, and if colonies having swarmed three years
le has very good eyesight and prop- before, and the rest, 22 per cent.,
tools, he can easily transfer larvae from colonies having swarmed all the
St hatched from the egg into this way from four to twelve years be-
lyal food, which the bees never re- fore.

ove; thus every larvae I transfer is The report concludes by saying that
ared into a queen. Who else can since the queens one year old are the
V this? most apt to swarm (43 per cent, of

Brunswick Works, Shefifield, Eng- the total number of swarms), the
' ~ ' requeening to prevent swarming

should be done every year at the
opening of the honey flow. Further-
more in so doing, there is less brood

to raise and feed during the flow and

otes and Comments on French Ex- ^ ^^^s number of "useless consum-
ers" after the flow.

12. The report gives as a known

fact that during the flow, no colony

will swarm unless drones are pres-

N A PREVIOUS communication I ent. But it is very seldom that a

mentioned a report on swarming colony is without drones, nothwith-

made before one of the French standing all that the apiarist may

cieties of Apiculture. The report do to prevent their production, or to

continued in the last number of destroy them.

nd, Feb. 7, 1904.

SWARMING OBSERVATIONS.

penments.

By Adrian Getaz.

aiculteur. I extract the following
3m the answers given to the ques-
ms propounded by the Society:

If there are drones, it matters but
very little if they are few or many.
Fifty-four per cent, of the swarms
10. As nearly 99 per cent, of the observed came from colonies having
^es in France are yet black bees, the numerous drones, and 46 per cent,
fference between the different races from those having but few. The report

248

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Decemb(

will be continued later. — L' Apicul- is all. And in most cases, a less nui
teur. ber of drones would have meant

In regard to the above I wish to much larger number of worke
say that I uissent in toto from one raised in their place, and therefore
of the conclusions arrived at. It may still more crowded situation and mc
be stated first that though it is not chances yet of a swarm issuing.
said so, the observations are in re- The excess of drones is often due
gard to modern hives, and consequent- the age of the queen. The oluer
ly the colonies were worked for ex- queen is, the more drone eggs s
tracted honey. In Europe the dif- lays. The older she is, the more 1
ference in price between extracted ble to swarm. So the two things £
honey and comb honey is very merely coincident. One does r
very little, and therefore all the users cause the other,
of modern hives work for extracted Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. i, 1904.

honey. Those using skeps or box

hives, work for comb honey, very
rarely putting a super of sections on
the box, but usually a mere addition-
al box from which the combs are
cut out and sold as "chunk honey. '
Often the "chunks" are melted and
the wax and honey sold separately.
But that is not the point I want to
make.

I think the assertion that queens
one year old are more likely to swarm

SHALLOW FRAMES BEST.

Considered from the Standpoint oi
Comb Honey Producer.

By L. E. Kerr, M. D.

A

S I HAVE made the hive pn
lem a special study since I fi
began keeping bees, the cla

/ i N ^1 ^1 ii ■ ^ iiig antagonisms that have taken pi

(43 per cent.) than the other is not ,,^ ^^^^^ columns, between the ad

correct, it "" •"" ««<-.. «i .,..™k„^

of swarms,

swarms to the number of such queen., tpj-gg+jng-

present in the apiary that indicates r^^^ evidence set forth by Mr. T

Neal in his article on page 179, wh

It is not the actual number ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^j^^ ^j^^,!
but the proportion of ^^^^^^ j^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^ intensely

he makes out a strong case in fa
of a frame 11 inches deep, is plai
ble enough to the unobserving. Clc
investigation, however, shows his
guments to be weak and, in fact, w:
out a leg to stand upon.

It is true that without the su
barrel shallow hives and all hives

the propensity of swarming. To
make it clear, let us suppose an apiary
of fifty colonies, forty of which
swarm this year and ten don't. Next
year, suppose that ten of the queens
one year old swarm, and only five
of the others. Should we be right in
saying that the one-year-old queens
are more apt to swarm than the
others ''

Not at all. Out of the forty queens signed to throw the bulk of the ho:

one year old, ten swarmed. That is ^^op mto the sections would give \

only 25 per cent. Out of the ten to one which kept the bulk of the c

others, five swarmed; that is fifty per '" the brood-chamber. All intellig

cent., or twice as much in propor- bee-men now rely to a great ext

tjQri upon the sugar barrel. Not one, ht

My own experience is that compar- ever, ever have any of this, fed ai

atively few of the one-year-old queens '^ '" the autumn, get into the sectic

swarm, and on the other hand nearly With the divisible brood-charo

all the three-year-old ones do, if the ^lye and system at least, this is

season is favorable. If the season is solutely impossible. The lower st

not favorable for swarming, they are 's, at the time the surplus recepta.

very often superseded. are on, devoid of any stores whate"

As to the drones, I don't think they the brood-nest is so contracted,
have anything to do with the swarm- The desire to secure a large cro]

ing as such. Indirectly their pres- what Mr. McNeal pleases to t{

ence may increase the extreme heat avarice. Maybe; but I esteem such

and lack of sufficient ventilation, and an admirable quality and the first

therefore add to the uneasin^ ss which sential to success in the art of ho

eventually leads to swarming, but that production. The departure from

>4. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 249

leral principles embodied in the old several bee men that say they are not

;p hive, in the construction of the afraid of bees, and that they can do

isible, is to overcome the instinct anything with them; same time this

the bees to store their honey in the one drove them out, says A. F.Eilen-

)od-chamber, where it profits the berger, of Tonowanda, N. Y., in the

;-keeper nothing and to facilitate Modern Farmer and Busy Bee. Mr.

: harvesting of the crop in an at- Peter Brady, a big lumberman who

ctive form. With the foregoing lives in the city of Buffalo, has a

ts before us, we can very readily swarm that took his house for a hive

; that a deep frame cannot give six years ago this summer. He has

irly the amount of section honey a large brick residence, and on the

it a shallow one will, and the causes peak of the south end they were in

: unavoidable. The natural instincts between the plaster and roof boards;

the bees ought to be followed as also in the cornice. It was bees and

sely as possible, where they do not honey in every place they could get

nflict with the interests of the api- in. I told Mr. Brady that I would get

st; when this happens they should them out, as he wanted to reshingle

restricted as much as may be prof- his house, and could not. It took me

ble to their owner. about four hours with four men to

\s a cold-weather frame, I fully kill them and get out the honey. As

ree that one 11 inches deep will near as I coui^ estimate it there were

nter splendidly; but as a warm- between nine and ten hundred pounds.

ather frame it would be impractical The most of it was clover honey, and

■ producing comb honey. I do not, there must have been two bushels of

wever, accept for an instant the bees, anyway. I did not get stung

;ory that deep frames are better for once. They filled my clothes and

nter than two sets of shallow gloves full of stings. This is what I

mes, or that there are, with divisi- call a big colony of bees, and it took

brood-chambers, cold drafts pass- nerve to handle them. Working on

J directly through the center of the the peak of a house is not like the

Dod-nest. When two sections com- ground. You just have to take it as

ise the brood-chamber, a strong it comes.

lony will cluster between the two

es until to all intents and purposes, MORE THAN 100,000 BEES WERE
space exists. In the spring when
; colony is weaker, the brood-nes

KILLEL.

above this space. We observe, then q^,^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^jl,^^

It this space cannot effect the heat ^^^^j^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^

nerated by the cluster. i\/r;ii^ o*- tj,.;^„^ ^t- t>„ ^.i ,.u

T,, r r -1 -^1 .Li J- • Mills at Bridgeport. Pa., the other

[The cause of failure with the divis- ^ ^s soon as the smoke had rolled

brood-chamber hive generally .^^^ ^^^ ^j^^^.^^^ remnants of

mes from applying the system of +i,^,v u^^^^ i ^^ ^^i^j t-u r*<.i

' .' r ° • , 1 , r their homes had cooled the little in-

magement originally intended for ^^^+^ 1..,^^., ri ^ o^*. t-^ 1 t

° ^. r 1 • 1 1 sects, human-like, set to work clean-

; non-sectional, which can have no •

ler result. a ...i u 1

r • , , 11 .1 J ) ^x L- Apparently, an ambulance corps

f wish to call the readers attention ^^^ formed, numbering several hun-

the fact, however that Mr. Mc- ^^^^ ^ees. These began getting out of

;al is raising extracted, while I ain ^^e way their dead comrades, many of

producer of comb honey only. A ^j^^^ ^-^^^^ ^^ ^ j^^^^^ ^^^/^^^

tme II inches deep may do first-rate ^^ ^^-,^^j suggested the work

extracted honey. I cannot say, as ^^^^ ^^^^ be going on daily on the

^ave had no experience, having nev- R^,gg„.j battlefields. Each bee

prodvK:ed a pound, for the market, ^^^j^j^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ struggled

^ ■ away with it, and as the field was

Rose Lawn Apiary, Germania, Ark., strewn with thousands they have been

t. 7, 1904. employed the past few days. — Phila-

■ • delphia Telegraph.

A BIG BEE TREE (?)

[ want to tell you wnat I did with a When wntin.£r to advertisers mention

arm of bees that had whipped out The American Bee-Keeper.

250 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

SUCCESS AND FAILURE.
By A. J. Halter.

December

DID YOU ever stop to think how
many bees are Kept at a loss,
either through neglect or igno-
rance, by individuals who proclaim
themselves to be bee-keepers? Sup-
pose you for yourself take a little sur-
vey in your immediate vicinity, enu-
merate the colonies of bees and their
owners; what per cent, are operated
successfully? How many progressive
bee-keepers will you find?

If figures were in print it certain-

colonies in old boxes, kegs and th
like, to hear him speak of his bee indus
try, perhaps placing a value far be
yond the ordinary. When you as
what he has realized from the sales o
honey, he expects to get in the hone;
business next season.

There are some who make a partia
sucess at almost anything they ur^
dertake. When I began bee-keepin
I had the pleasure to entertain a gen
tleman who said he kept bees upward
of ten years, mentioning that he ha
a large supply of fixtures store
away which he did not see fit to us<

r/lr. A. J. Halter, and Apiary.

f

ly would be astonishing to realize that
such conditions would be possible
after all has been said in our books
and journals.

But there is a class of people who
are always at a standstill, waiting for
prosperity to come their way, without
making any preparation for its recep-
tion; others who are too busy —
"can't spare the time and money."

It may seem somewhat amusing to
approach a man with a number of

as there was no money in the bus
ness, as every pound he had secure
cost him a dollar.

Hives and fixtures are a necessit
for the production of noney, but mu:
be applied with skill and in harmon
with the work of the bees. In th:
class the successful bee-keeper can t
found, seeking information at a
times which may lighten his burden.

Akron, Ohio, Oct. 14, 1904.

,04. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 251

BEE AS A SIGN PAINTER. withdrawn from the hive and that

may be emptied of their honey by a

/ork Directed So As to Form Let- centrifugal machine. A pure and lim-

ters of the Honey-comb. pid honey is thus obtained with sur-
prising rapidity and without breaking

Occasionally there is to be seen at the combs, which are replaced in the

jricultural fairs and similar institu- hives to be filled anew by the bees,

ons honeycomb worked into the It is sufficient, then, to suspend these

lape of inscriptions or other designs, sheets of wax in a hive to cause the

.ccording to a French journal de- bees to utilize them as a foundation

3ted to natural science, the letters for the lateral cell-walls. They must,

lat form these inscriptions are really however, be made of absolutely pure

lade entirely by the bees, and are wax; if not, they are torn to pieces

lied with honey by them only. But by the bees and thrown out of the

ley are not proof either of art or of hive. This custom of bees, of follow-

itelligence, for the bees blindly fol- ing the bee-keeper's indications, is

)wed the will of their master, to utilized to make them build their

'horn the entire credit is due. He combs in all sorts of odd shapes. It

nderstood how to choose the mo- is necessary only to fix strips of mold-

lent when they felt the imperative ed wax perpendicularly on a plank,

FIG. A.

FIG. B.

FIG. C.

eed of building cells to hold their
recious product, and to oblige them
ly an adroit trick to give to their con-
tructions the shape that he wished to
mpose. It is by the use of molded
ax that this is done; but what is
nolded wax? It is wax in thin sheets
m which are stamped impressions
laving the shape of the bottoms of
loneycombed cells (generally known
,s "comb-foundation" or simply
'foundation"). This wax has done
nuch for the progress of modern api-
:ulture. It was invented in 1857 after
tiany trials by Jean Mehring, a Ba-
varian bee-keeper. * * ^ Since
ne of its greatest advantages is that
l obliges the bee to build cells ac-
;ording to the indications that it gives,
t. may be used to make straight and
)arallel combs that can easily be

fastening them with strong glue or
melted wax. They are then surround-
ed with a sort of mold, which leaves
just space enough for the bee to build
its cells and move about. The most
convenient size to give to this space
is indicated by the usual space left
between the combs in a bee-hive. The
whole is placed in a hive upside down
— that is, with the plank on top; and
the bees go to work on it without de-
lay. Fig. A shows the plank with its
strips of comb foundation. In B we
see the guide and at C the whole mold
at the end ot the bees' work. — News-
paper.

One dollar will pay for The Bee-
Keeper from this date until Decem-
ber, IQ07.

25^

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.
»-♦♦♦♦♦ ♦>

December

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

i^i^^^i^k^^^^^i^^^im^^^^ii^-

GERMANY.
"Extracted Honey, finest quality, at
60 Marks per pound." Thus adver-
tised a certain storeKeeper in Bonn,
says the Leipz. Btzg. The price of
honey in Germany is much higher
than 60 marks, and it was evident that
this honey sold by the storekeeper
would have to be adulterated. A
complaint made resulted in a prose-
cution of the man, who was found
guilty of selling adulterated honey,
although it was shown that he in-
formed each purchaser that the 'ar-
ticle was not pure honey.

come foul broody on account of thi
lack of pollen. — Schweitz. Bztg.

Aaman reports of having lost a col-
ony of bees by starvation, although
the same had a supply of thirty
pounds at the beginning of the winter.
There was not a cell of honey left,
and the possibility of other bees
having robbed the colony is excluded.

The honey gathered in Germany th
past season is considerably darker ii
color than usual.

The Hann. Cour. asserts that there
are wasps and mosquitoes in New
York, but no bees. (Even should the
reporter mean the city, he might find
himself mistaken, should he come
over and make an investigation. ">

The Luxemb. Bztg. gives the fol-
lowing good advice on renewing
queens: Insert a ripe or matured
queen cell cagea. Keep young queen
caged for seven days. Then re-
move old queen and release the
young.

As something unusual it is report-
ed from the heath (Lunenburg) that
single hives have gained as high as
four pounds per day.

The heath prodtices very little pol-
len and the older bee-keepers of these
localities make the claim that colonies,
left in the heath for two years, be-

The safety of obtaining pure an
unadulterated honey lies in the hon
esty of the producing bee-keeper 0
whom the consumer buys his supplj
— Dickel in 111. Bztg.

The bee-keeper, Sperling, of Goedc
sold 900 pounds of comb honey, saii
to be pure "bee honey," to a deale
in Dresden. The honey proved t
be partly sugar-fed honey. Th
authorities took the matter in han
and S. was heavily fined. — 111. Bztg.

The Centralverein has sent in a pe
tition asking that apiculture be taugh
at teachers' seminaries.

TUNIS.
The bee-keeper in Tunis finds i
necessary to use double-walled hive
on account of the prevailing coo
weather during the honey flow. Th
harvest for the bees and the bee
keeper is during the latei fall am
early spring. P. Neuman translate
from the Bulletin de la Societe Ro
mand d'Apiculture that the bee-keep
ers are imprudent enough to kee]
as many as 1,000 colonies in on<
place.

JAPaN.

The native honey-bee of Japan i!
grayish-yellow of color. It is per
haps the most docile bee known am
may be handled without any protec
tion on the part of the keeper. It is
also claimed that these bees are more
industrious than other races, going
out in search of food during rainj

po4. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 253

eatlier. The Japs have adopted ing, however, is not done in waxen
lie most rational methods of han- cells, but in living reservoirs. A por-
ting bees, and to keep them at a tion of the ants have a receptacle,
rofit. Australian bee-keepers have globular in shape, about one centime-
itroduced the Japan bee into their ter in diameter; this is the store-room
ards and succeed remarkably in the of honey from which the other ants
nltivation of the same. — Neumann in draw, and they in turn feed these
cntral-Blatt. rather clumsy sisters. The uncivi-

lized natives living in Central Austra-

SERVlA. lia consider these honey ants (Melo-
phorus) morsels of aelicacy.

It is stated in the 111. Bztg. by S. — — ■

rawrilowitsch that in Servia along the AFRICA.

hores of the Danube fried fish and

oiled chicken, all of which are cheap- Apiculture among the Egyptians,

r than sugar, are used as substitutes as is well known, was a well-under-

jr bee food; this wonderful news S. stood business as far back as 2,000

r. obtained from a Servian bee jour- years ante Christum natum. Solon

al. (What next?) the Wise went from Greece 2,500

years ago to study bee-keeping in

AUSTRIA. Egypt. Since these times apiculture

has not made the advances that it did

Jungklaus reports in "Imker of in some other parts of the world

lohemia" that at an exhibition of The African bee is a black bee, closely

oney in Itzehoe, judges entirely ig- related to the German brown bee, and

ored "liquid" dark honey, giving the the natives in different parts of Afri-

olid honey the preference. ca have their methods of handling

these bees. Many of them manufac-

On the i8th of June all business in ture their hives by a process of

ne of the mam streets of Budapest weaving grasses and the like into

ras brought to a standstill by a long cylindrical shaped habitations.

warm of bees. Said bees were not Such are often placed way un into

iclined to yield to the orders and the tops of trees with a view of catch-

ctions of the police force, which ing wild bees. The yields of honey

ime out sometimes worse for are said to be very large and the

ear. As a result, long strings of quality of same equal to European

wagons and people accumulated at honey.

ide streets. As a last remedj' water

rom a hydrant was made to play on FRANCE.

be bees, which took leave at once, ,., o x- .- . .

„ J 1 ■ J Wax Secretion Experiments,
nd business was resumed.

Mention was made some time ago

Jungklaus also tells how a young of experiments made by Mr. Sylviac

roman captured a swarm of bees, and others to determine how much

eing on a tramp, she found a swarm honey it takes to make a pound of

f bees hanging on a bush. Wishing wax. The process followed was to

3_ secure it, she took off one of her hive a swarm and weigh the combs

kirts, tied up one end and, by the built two or three days later; the sup-

elp of sticks, spread it out in such position being that the honey brought

way_ that sne could hive the swarm from the parent hive was approxi-

ito it.^ After the bees had all mately equal to the amount necessary

lOved in, she tied up the other end to produce that amount of wax, since

f the skirt and thus carried the there is no brood to raise and what

warm several miles to her home. — few bees go to the field get about

"Well done.") enough (probably) to keep the swarm

— alive.

AUSTRALIA. Recently, in reference to artificial

swarming, somebor.y asked how much

Bienen-Vater tells of a species of wax a bee can secrete in a day, or how

nts found in Central Australia which long it would take a swarm of known

athers and stores honey. The stor- strength to build its combs.

254

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December,

In answer to this question, Mr.
Sylviac quotes the following experi-

different glands. One of these pro-
duces effects similar to convulsions,

ments, which were made at the time the other effects rather similar to

for the purposes above mentioned: those of morphine. The general sub-

1. A small artificial swarm of 2,000 stance of the venom (beside the two;
bees fed on sugar, built 66 grams of poisons above mentioned) produces
comb in three days. This was under the swelling and the other local irri
unfavorable circumstances. Cool tation.

weather and too few bees. This would It has also been stated that while a

give II milligrams per bee and per poison, the venom is useful not only

day, if all were at work equally well, against rheumatisms but also some

Deducting 200 bees too old or too other diseases. To apply it directly

young, or otherwise occupied, give li from living bees is objectionable

milligrams and a fraction instead of li. though, as stated in a previous paper!

(I gram equals 1,000 milligrams; i it has been done to a greater extent ,

American pound of 16 ounces equals than generally supposed. The experl

a fraction over 452 grams). ments made now have in view th(

2. A nucleus of 300 bees built 45 preparation of a serum to be injectedi

grams of comb in eight days under
a temperature rather low.

To get the venom the bees are firs'
chloroformed and the stingers pullet.

3. A swarm of 20,000 bees usually out, sac and all, one by one. They an

builds about 1,000 grams of comb
during the four first days. This was
the usual average during tne afore-
said experiments. Usually about one-

then sold to the druggists, who ex
tract the venom by pressure am
chemical action. This has been doH'
on a small scale for quite a numbe

■

tenth of the swarm consists of drones] of years, and the preparation used b;
Another proportion of bees are too homeopathic doctors to a certain ex
young or too old to secrete an appre- tent. There may be a source of rev
ciable quantity of wax. Admitting enue for the bee-keepers in course 0
15,000 bees, we would have an aver- time. — L'Apiculteur.
age of nearly 17 milligrams per bee
daily.

4. One swarm of 13,000 bees prac-

In a previous number of the Api

culteur a correspondent advised th

tically without drones gave 100 grams bee-keepers who use the DeLayen

hive to spread the combs so the quee

i

31

in a day

5. One exceptional case is that of could not use them for brood, excep
a swarm of 10,000 bees nearly without oi course, those reserved for that pui

drones which built 900 grams of comb
in three days. That would be 30 mil-
ligrams a day for each bee, if all had
taken part, which is not likely to be
the case. None of the other experi-
ments came near to that.

n

pose. It turns out that a number c
bee-keepers are already doing thsi
very thing. The distance from cer
ter to center varies between 42 an
50 millimeters, the majority of thos
who reported using 43. (One Amer:

6. Berlesh is quoted as having can foot equals 305 millimeters.) Se%

met an exceptional case where each ^''al had tried perforated zinc, bt

bee must have produced 0.57 gram found it unsatisfactory,

of wax per day. There must be an er- (The DeLayens hive is what w

ror somewhere. Possibly 0.057 are would call here a "Long-Ideal" cha:

meant. Even then it would be ex-
cessive.— L'Apiculteur.

Bee-Sting Poison.

The question of the composition of
bee venom is still going on. Wild
bees have also been examined. Mr.
Langer, P. Bert, Cloez and Phisalix

^''ur^u'L^* "^^^^^ ^^ seems now es- the end of the frames and sometime
tabhshed that the "stinging" proper- at one of the small sides; the frame
of the vtnom are due not to the formic being then what we would ca
acid but to two different sub- "across" the hive. A tight divisio
stances, probably secreted by two board is used, reducing the hive t

hive. The walls and cover are dot
ble, with packing between the tw
walls. It is a one-story hive, havin
from 15 to as much as 20 combs. Th
combs are very large; sometime
square, sometimes much higher tha
long. The entrance is placed some
times at one of the large sides facin

k

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

255

ix or eight combs for the winter, low figure. The worst part of it, its

uring the flow, it is moved farther sales of good honey considerably,

nd farther as new combs are added, of the apiarist and damage his future

-L'Apiculteur. sales of good honey considerably.

Mr. E. Van Hay suggests the making

A German apiarist has patented an of vinegar with it as a solution. Dark

ivention consisting of making foun- honey, even from honey due, will

ation with very thin tin passed in a make vinegar as good as any appb

oiler and coated with wax. The tin vinegar ever made. As to strength,

sed is as thin as paper (it takes 16 a little less than a pound of honey

heets to make one millimeter). The to a gallon of water will make it as

fax coating is very light. The rollers strong as the best apple vinegar. — Le

sed to make it are of steel, ordinary Bucher Beige,
nes being too soft to work tin. Steps
re being take nto have the invention
atented in the United States. — L'
k.piculteur.

Germania, Ark., Oct. 5, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:
Accept thanks for giving us

' "Dutch" article, page 216-217. I have

Reference has been made in these just finished reading it.
olumns to a method of leaving an in my opinion apicultural periodi-
pening or entrance between the cals might do worse than to give a
rood nest and the surplus depart- little closer attention to this funny
lent. Such an entrance increases the side of the bee business.

urplus considerably. A correspon-
ent writes that the process has also
een used to some extent in Germany
ith good results. In winter, only
le lower one is left open. In sum-
ler both, but the lower one is par-
ially closed. If the hive has more
ban two stories, each nas its own en-
rance open. (This must apply to the
Jerlepsch hive, which is composed of
everal stories tiered one upon an-
ther. All these experiments with top
ntrances are in reference to extract-
d honey. How it would work with
omb honey is yet to be seen.) — L,'
Lpiculteur.

With many thanks, I remain
Respectfully,
Dr. L. E. Kerr.

CONVENTION NOTICE.

BELGIUM

^ut^^""}]^^ ?.^^^.^ ^^^ ^ department Zu Fn "this meeting.

Monthly York m the Apiary.' D l. Woods, Secretary

or_ September the followmg advice Muncy, Pa

given : ' '_

See that every colony has a queen
See that there is enough bees to

The Pennsylvania State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association will hold its fall con-
vention in Harrisburg on Tuesday
and Wednesday, December 6th and
7th, 1904. An excellent program has
been arranged. Many subjects of
vital interest will be ably presented.
General Manager N. E. France, of the
National Bee-Keepers' Association,
will be present, as well as other prom-
inent bee-keepers. Every bee-keeper
in Pennsylvania should interest him-

STOLE A BEE HIVE.

over seven or eight frames, chiefly Thief Took Not Only the Honey, but

oung bees, (ihe European frames ...1. -d t,

re all larger than ours). ^^^ ^^^^' ^°^-

See that each colony has from 30 to At the home of James Miley, of

pounds of honey. Glenloch, Pa., a thief took long

Replace all queens three years old chances, says a West Chester, Pa.,

r more. _ paper. Mr. Miley has a number of

Further instruction are given con- hives of bees, and during the night the
erning feeding, uniting weak col- thief stole swarm, hive, and honey,
nies, etc. carried them half a mile, broke open
the hive, and secured the bees and

Dark and inferior honey is to manj'- fifty pounds of honey,

piarists a serious drawback. It is Mr. Miley ofifers a reward for the

ifficult to sell, and if sold, it is at a detection of the thief.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December

Following the campaign of educa
tion, projected by the National Bee-
Keepers' Association, better days foi
the honey producer are anticipated
God speed the days.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA-

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclu--
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce. Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper inaicates thai
you owe for your subscription. Please give
the matter your earliest attention.

Relating to Mr. Poppleton's article
in a recent number of The Bee-Keeper,
Dr. Miller, in Gleanings makes this
pertinent comment: "Might be rather
severe to say so, but it looks as if the
man who puts on the market some of
the unripe stuff to be found there is
not only dishonest but a fool as well
to spoil his market without any com-
pensating gain." And the Doctor
spake wisely.

The publishers and the editor o
The Bee-Keeper unite in extending t(
each reader sincere wishes for a Merr;
Christmas and a Happy New Yeai
Nor do our well-wishes end with th
festive season; they include the saf
wintering of the bees and a bount:
ful harvest for the year to come.

J. A. Green advises Gleanings reac
ers that, at least, one confectione
makes use of dark comb honey in tli
manufacture of high-grade candie
The wax, it appears, enters also int
the composition of the confection, i
order to give the "standing uf
quality, a la Dr. Walker, in Ladie;
Home Journal, with regard to tl
paraffine caramel, etc.

Bee paralysis is a subject the n
vestigation of which has already bee
undertaken by the National Depar
ment of Agriculture, at Washingto
Special Agent in Apiculture John I
Rankin is in pursuit of informatic
relative to this particular malady, ar
bee-keepers in infested districts w
pray that his efforts may bear frui
Though less virulent, paralysis
more mysterious than foul brood.

It apears that many who write f
publication absolutely decline to hee
the oft-repeated request that such U
ters be written on but one side of tl
paper. We have a quantity
material, some of which contains gO(
ideas, on hand awaiting an opportur
ty to rewrite it so that it may 1
used. If wp get the time to do so, \
shall make use of it; if not, it cann<
be published. It seems strange th
writers should be so heedless of tl:
simple requirement.

Slanderous and insulting remar
directed at one's opponent in discu
sion tend ra-ther to detract from, th;
to enhance the force of argument,
our object is to influence thinkii
minds, our argument should be clot
ed in courteous and respectf
language. To wound the feelings
an opponent is no victory for tl

[904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

luthor of the. insult. Language may advice freely abound.
K' at once, forceful and respectful.
Some of our correspondents might
-proht by this suggestion.

Some bee-keepers manage to get
ilong without the expense of a bee
paper. It may be economy to do so,
)ut a reading of Mr. Johnson's article,
'Convention Echoes," in this number.

257

Swarthmore's
enterprise is the kind that wins — it's
the kind that has faith for its backing
and the modern business tact and
pluck to proclaim that faith to the
world.

HANDLING Bii^ESWAX.

The Australasian Bee-Keeper recent-

eads one to surmise that it is False ly offered a prize for the best article

Economy, and not the kind that aids on "How I Would Deal with Cappings

uccess. The loss of two cents per to Produce Clear Yellow Wax." The

pound on 12,000 pounds of honey, as various replies offered in competition

esult of the producer not having kept are quite interesting,

[liniself informed, represents an Several competitors advocate strain-

imount sutlicient to pay for every bee ing the wax through thin cloth mate-

iournal published in the United States rial as a means of removing specks of

or a period of forty-eight years. dirt, etc. The articles appear to be

■ • written by experienced apiarists, and

A particularly noteworthy para- this journal is therefore led to won-

p-aph in the article of 1\.t. Spanswich, der if any of our American experts

n this number, is that in which he practice this straining process. In

leclines to believe that Mr. Benton our experience, or rather observation,

landles bees without a veil. Our es- the straining of beeswax has been con-

:eemed British correspondent might fined to some kitchen, and the opera-

)e surprised to learn that, perhaps, tor has invariably been an operator-

±e majority of American specialists ess (?). However, we think the plan

lo not use a veil or other protection a useless one, as well as wasteful. If

5ver the face at all. The writer has a body of melted wax is kept at a

nanipulated several thousand colon- high temperature without being in any

es during the past twelve years, and ^^y agitated, all particles of foreign

luring that period has never used a j^^tter that could be strained out, may

/eil-wouldn t be bothered with such be skimmed from the upper surface

thing under any ordinary circum- before cooling, or removed from the

itances. Cyprians are the only race bottom of the cake after.
jr strain of bees the handling of which

ieemed to demand face protection.
With them a cast-iron coat of mail is
lardly adequate to the demands.

Following are some of the notewor-
thy ideas of our Australian brethren:
''Light-colored honey makes light-
colored wax, and the darker the honey
the deeper yellow is the wax obtained.
Yet I have never seen light-colored

"Increase" is the title of a handsome
jrochure recently received at this of- 1 . • , r , ,

ke. It is printed and published by wax obtained from brood combs.

:he author, Mr. E. L. Pratt, of ^ ^^ variation in the color of dif-

'Swarthmore" fame, and it is exactly [^^^^} swarms of bees of the same

n line with the "Swarthmore" style of ^^^^'^ ^^^ ^^ observed when they

Inino- tlnincrc "rlr,np „r^ Krr^„„•, " xv,^ cousume the samc kind of food in

making it, just as the butter varies
slightly when made from the milk of

ioing things — "done up brown." The
swarthmore outfit has achieved more
:han national prominence of late,
several awards of the highest order <^°ws of the same breed and fed alike."
'^ lave been won in European competi- Somewhat upon the same line, an-
ions by Mr. Pratt's noted strain of other writer observes: "You may
)ees, while his ingenious queen-rear- deal with cappings in the most up-to-
ng devices are obviously in the lead date, scientific methods and still fail
ilmost the world over. The little to produce a clear yellow wax, be-
)Ook is executed in a highly artistic cause it is only where the honey is
ityle, with several beautiful photo- procured from certain plants and trees
graphic reproductions of a tone which that it is possible to have a clear yel-
larmonizes beautifully with the stock low wax." He then proceeds to name
ipon which they are printed, and nug- a list of nectar-yielding plants and
:ets of wisdom, philosophy and good trees during a flow from which the

258

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December,

wax secreted will be from bright yel- teresting information. Since the api
low to a bronze or dirty yellow color, pearance of Mr. Benton's article iri
He further suggests that all waste our October number we have receivj
wax may be brought to a uniform ed numerous comments, aggregating
color by mixing two-thirds of the nearly one hundred pages of manu
"worst" with one-eighth of the "best." script together with lots of letters froii'
those who have tested this race o

^■r ■, r- r- ^. -n-n-r-T^ T^TKir- TKj -m r\-DTr\\ bees. It is sincerely regretted tha
QUEEN BREEDING IN FLORIDA. ^^^^ ^^ ^^-^ ^^^^^^^ ^^-^^ ^^ -^

The Florida Agriculturist, one of somewhat vindictive tone, is neces
the best agricultural journals in the warily excluded from the columns o
South, by the way, reproduces from The Bee-Keeper. It is apparent, how
our last issue Mr. Reeves' article in re- ever, that there are two sides to th
gard to the obstacles with which matter, and when our correspondent
queen rearing is attended in parts of can bring themselves to exclude per
i^lorida, and asks its readers whether sonal spite and disrespectful languag
they have had a similar experience, from their writings, both sides ma,

be heard.

In view of the limited space afford „

saying, "In this section (DeLand)
bees do very well." The Agriculturist

says it seems strange that The Amer- ed by a journal of the size of Th

Bee-Keeper, it should be borne i
mind by contributors that it is absc

ican Bee-Keeper should publish such
an article without comment.

To those who have not practiced l^'tely impossible for us to use art:
queen rearing in Florida it may seem cles of great length in these co.
strange that no "comment" was made. umns. It is our wish to assist in th
The reason, however, that comment development of truth that will ai
was omitted, is because we beleve Mr. the cause of apiculture, but it is iir
Pratt's conclusions were wise and that portant that arguments should cor
the teachings of the article in ques- form to the limit of our facilities,
tion are as true as gospel. This jour- To insure publication without ur
nal has repeatedly affirmed that queen due delay, the correspondent shoul
rearing in Florida was attended with be as brief as possible and always re
more drawbacks and obstacles than spectful towards his opponent.

are likely to be met anywhere else in

America. The writer has been to
some extent engaged in queen rearing
in northern states; in Cuba, California
and Canada, and we believe queens
may be reared thirty to fifty per

WHERE ARE THE STRAW
"SKEPS?"

It will be noted that elsewhere in th
cent cheaper in any of these places number of The Bee-Keeper Dr. Big,

than in Florida.

In certain localities the ants and
dragon flies are so bad as to practically

preclude the possibility of successful is not improbable that some isolatf
queen rearing upon a commercial specimens may be in existence i
scale.

Florida has many advantages to of-
fer, in divers ways. Some sections
afford excellent opportLinities for suc-
cessful honey production; but the fact

that "bees do well" in some sections any old-fashioned straw "skeps" mi
does not necessarily imply that the be had we shall be pleased to hcE
conditions essential for successful from them.
queen rearing obtain to a satisfactory
degree.

low asks "where in this country stra
hives are in use?" The answer, ui
doubtedly, is, nowhere. However,

America; and the editor of The Be
Keeper has asked before if anyoi
knew where one might be obtaine
and no response was received

If any of our readers know whe:

PUNIC, OR TUNISIAN BEES.

The discussion in regard to the mer-
its of Tunisian bees now going on in
these columns promises to develop in-

Let's hear from the Ge
mans of our circle. They must ha^
inside information in regard to thei
relics of bygone days, and the writ
would be proud to possess an ol
st^aw hive

Have you a neighbor who does nc
take The Bee-Keeper?

go4.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

259

ENCOURAGING REPORTS. ter and had called to buy more, and

am glad that we were able to fit him
The following selections from our Qyj ■^{tYi a new lot.

orrespondence should prove of in-
erest to advertisers who desire to
xpand their trade during the coming
ear. The only way to develop a
rofitable business, these days, is to

0 good advertising and back up
ood advertising with good stock,
'here is certainly no advertising me-
ium in the field which can give its
atrons better value than The Amer-
:an Bee-Keeper. We have received
undreds of favorable letters from our
dvertisers, and the writer knows of
ut one single complaint; and this
ame from a twenty-five cent adver-
?ement, mserted once. It is stated
y this patron that he received only
.venty cents as a result of this pub-
city campaign.

It is hard to sell anything that the
ublic don't want; but if anj^ reader of

he Bee-Keeper has a commodity to
fifer which will appeal to bee-keep-
rs, he will find no medium through

hich greater results may be secured

1 proportion to the investment, than
he American Bee-Keeper; and con-
tant advertising is the very back-
one of business success.

The Bee-Keeper, next month, will
tart upon its fifteenth year, and in
ddition to assisting bee-keepers to
le greatest possible extent through
s columns of text and pictures, it
ffers also to help them through its
dvertising columns, at reasonable
ites, to develop active business in
ales.

The Bee-Keeper circulates in ev-
ry civilized country on earth:

Fraternally yours,

"Swarthmore."

Hutchins, Pa., Oct. 20, 1904.
The W. T. Falconer Co.

Please find enclosed 75 cents to ap-
ply on my subscription account for
The American Bee-Keeper, and con-
tinue to send it. It is worth its weight
in gold. Yours truly,

Harry Jury.

Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 10, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I appreciate your journal verj^ much
and often quote from it.

T. J. Tanner,
Editor Rural World.

Schenectady, N. Y., Oct. i, 1904.
The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.,
Jamestown, N. Y.
Gentlemen: — I sent for a sample
copy of The American Bee-Keeper,
which was duly received. I notice
under the heading, "Bees Our
Theme," "'This journal cuts out 'kin-
dred topics," 'home departments,' and
all other side shows. We are running
a bee journal solely and exclusively."
Hence my subscription. You ought
to print this motto in good big letters
on the title page. For one, I do not
care for politics, religion, baseball and
bees all out of one paper.

Respectfully yours,

L. S. Chapman.

Swarthmore, Pa., Nov. 5, 1904.
ditor Bee-Keeper:

I enjoy The Bee-Keeper, every num- , ,

-. and read it irom cover to cover *? "/' ^l ^^ ^^." *^?^^ several good

Bellevue, Ohio, Nov. 9, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

Our card in your Queen-Breeders'
Directory has been very satisfactory

sized orders to inquiries coming from
this source. Yours truly,

Quirin, the Queen-Breeder.

-advertisements and all. There are
?veral features in your journal each
f which are worth ihe subscription
rice to any bee-keeper. I have had
small advertisement in your Breed- Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 8, 1904.

rs' Column and am constantly receiv- I'Mitor Bee-Keeper-
ig inquiries and making sales as a My advertisement in your Queen-
-^sult. I bring to mind a direct sale Breeders' Directory has been so sat-
f considerable size early this spring, isfactory that I desire to continue it.
hen the customer drew forth The Please also extend my subscription for
merican Bee-Keeper from which lie five years from expiration of present
ad obtained my address. The gen- term. Yours trulv,

eman had lost all his bees that win- John M.' Davis.

26o

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Decembe

Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 8, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

We wish to say that our advertise-
ment in your Queen-Breeders' Direc-
tory has done us a great deal of good,
and we enclose change of copy for
same, as we desire to continue it.
Fraternally yours.
The Fred W. Muth Company.

Morgan, Ky., Nov. 8, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I think that my card in your Queen-
Breeders' Directory has given very
good results, and I want it continued
through 1905, and also want The
American Bee-Keeper for next year.
Very truly,

J. P. Moore.

ters of fiction will form part of the contents
the new volume for 1905.

Full Illustrated Announcement describir
the principal features of The Companion's ne
volume for 1905 will be sent with sample copl
of the paper to any address free.

The new subscriber who sends $1.75 now i
a year's subscription to The Companion r
ceives free all the issues of The Companit
for the remaining- weeks of 1904, also Tl
Companion "Carnations" Calendar for 19(
lithographed in twelve colors and gold.

THE YOUTH'S COMPANION,
144 Berkeley Street, Boston, Mas-

Dresden, Germany, Oct. 4, 1904.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I am well pleased with the numbers
of The Bee-Keeper received, and in
addition to former remittance am
sending today money order for back
numbers for 1902 and 1903, and also
cash to cover subscription for 1905.
Yours truly,

Wm. Hesse.

NATURE OF FOODS.

Paste this in your cook book, and
you will never be at a loss to know
what constitutes a well-balanced meal:

Tissue and muscle builders — Milk,
eggs, lean meats, whole wheat, peas,
beans, potatoes, cabbage and onions.

Fat, heat and energy producers —
Cream, butter, starch, sugar, honey,
fats of meat and vegetable oils.

Brain foods — Fruits, fish, eggs,
game, cheese, oysters, lobsters and
potatoes.

Blanched almonds and walnuts, to-
matoes, juicy fruits, prunes and figs
all contain brain food. — Nebraska
Farmer.

Tlie "Youtli's Companion in 1905.

It is impossible even to summarize in a sin-
gle paragraph the many and varied attractions
which The Youth's Companion announces for
the coming year.

A series of articles planned to interest espe-
cially the forty-five millions of Americans who
look directly to the so., for their subsistence
will treat of "New Fields for Young l-armers,"
"The Sanitation of the Farm," "The Future of
American Cotton," "How to Make Money on
the Farm," etc.

Seven serial stories and 250 short stories by
the most talented and popular American wri-

HONEY AND BEES'WAX
MARKET.

Cincinnati, Ohio, Oct. 28. — There is a mat
ed improvement in the demand for comb ho
ey since our last quotations. No mater:
change in extracted honey market. We cc
tinue to quote white clover extracted, in be
rels and cans, at 7 to 8%c. Amber, in ba
rels, 5 to 6c. Fancy white clover con:
14 to 15c. Beeswax, 28c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

51 Walnut St.

Denver, Oct. 26. — Supply of honey is amj
to meet local demand. The demand is lig!
We quote our market today as follows: K
1 white, $2.50 per case (24 sections). No.
$2.25 per case. Extracted, 6 3-4 to T^c. Be.
wax, 22 to 25c.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association

1440 Market Street.

Boston, Oct. 24. — We are pleased to note
increased demand for honey which, with t
comparatively light receipts, makes prit
firm. We quote fancy white comb, 16 to 1
No. 1, 16c., with but little No. 2i on hand
to be had. Extracted light amber, 7 to 8c.
Blake. Scott & Lee

Chicago, Nov. 7. — There is not demand s
ficient to take the receipts; hence are aci
mulating. Especially is this true of oflf grad
Fancy white clover comb brings 14c. ; oth
No. 1 to fancy white, 12i/ic. to 13c. Off grad
Ic. to 2c. less. Amber, 10c. to 12c. Extract
white, 61/2 to 7c. Amber, 6c. to 7c. All
the foregoing is governed by quality, flai
and kind of package. Beeswax, 28c. to 3
per pound. R. A. Burnett & Co

199 South Water Street.

La Compania
Manufacturera Americana

ofrece los mas reducidos precios en t
da clase de articulos para Apicultore
Nuestra Fabrica es una de las nv
erandes y mas antippjas de Americ
Especialidad en Colmenas, Ahumadorl
para Colmenas, Extractores, etc. I
ventores y perfeccionadores de muchi
irticulos de suma utilidad en la Apict
tnra. Enviamos gratis nuestro catalof
r precios a quienes lo soHcitcn. Dirij

THE AMERICAN MFG. CO.,
Jamestown, N. Y., E. U. A.

)04.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

INL EX TO VOLUME XIV, A. D. 1904.

261

SUBJECTS.

n Amateur's Question,

piarian Patents, Recent,

Great Sufferer,

n April Morning

re You Mad?

dvertising Honey,

dvice for the Novice

Picture Wanted

nts and Bees,

nother Bee-Keepers' Society

Popular Fallacy,

utumn Honey Plants,

ncient Bee Lore,

n Open Air Colony,

dvance of Apiculture, The,

New National Organization,

dvantage of Strong Colonies

rtificial Pollen,

nticipated Swarming, 113,

Big Bee Tree,

eeswax

ec'S in the Green House

ee Stings for Rheumatism,

e Humbug

rood Frames.

sedom at Home and Abroad

ses and Ants,

e Notes

ack Bees

5e Paralysis— What's the Cause? .. ..63,

ee Space Over Frames,

ee-keepers Too Previous

uckwheat

ees Our Theme,

ees,

ees Killed Horses,

est Honey Gatherers, The,

all of Bees with Queen,

ees on the Farm,

acterja,

ee as a Sign Painter, '.

ritish Honduras, Report from,

ees Make Record

ee Journals of the World,

licago-Northwestem Convention, . . . .

Countrified,"

onsult the Records,

ireless Handling Results in Low Prices,

smb Building,

lunk Honey

m We Get More for Our Honey? .. ..

alifomia Letter,

yprians are Vicious

yprians and Other Races

utting a Bee Tree

Dmpressed Cell Cups, Cleaning and Pro-
tecting

:otton" Hive, The

n Bees Rear Drone Brood from Eggs

Laid in Worker Cells?

omb-building in Shallow and Deep

Frames,

omb Honey Not Manufactured

uban Competition, . .

nvention Echoes,

on't Burden Your Brain,

read Enemy of the Florida Bee, A, . . . .

artmoor Honejr

eath of Capt. Hetherington,

ickel Theory, The 34, 77,

eacon Hardscrabble Dead,

eacon Hardscrabble, The Late, .. ..
eclining Lumber Supply, The

21

22

59

67

105

.127

140

153

168

172

197

19S

19^)

207

214

234

75

10

151

249

4

231
5

18

20

28

44

54

104

143

208

.21

195

173

174

9

95

143

160

251

225

209

237

10

175

223

224

1

47

55

88

95

115

127

135
135

166

1.58

162

170

244

18

43

36

42

91

81

149

217

Eucalyptus Robusta, 19

■ Extracted Honey," IJ

End Staples in Brood Frames, 61

English Bees in India, 182

Editorial Shears, The, ...... .. .. .. 173

Formalin Gas for Foul Brood, .... 11, 24, 50

Foul Brood in the Apiary, 24

Foul Brood 246

Frames, Shallow and JJeep 30

Flies, Not Bees, 73

Fermenting Honey, 94

Frame Spacing %

Forming Nuclei, no

First Civil Service Examination in Api-
culture 214

Florida Not a Queen Breeders' El Dora-
do, 221

General Notes %

Goozenheimer und the Bee Cure 216

Hamilton County (Ohio) Bee-Keepers'

Association 13, 229

Hardscrabble Letter, ' 36

Honey Comb, 71

Hive Construction 92

Henry Alley Takes a Bride, 126

Hive Ventilation, 155

Hardscrabble Interviewed 188

Home-made Queen Rearing Devices, .. 199

Handling Swarms, 208

Hardscrabble Letter, No. 2, 209

Harvesting Bee Stings, .. 215

Hardscrabble Letter No. 3, 229

Handling Beeswax, 257

H. C. Morehouse Dead 195

Honey Plants, 118

Is Honey Strained or Extracted? 20

Improved Queen Rearing, 95

Irish Bee Guide, The, 148

Jefferson County (New York) Bee-Keep-
ers' Society 42

Keeping" Swarms Separate 142

"Karo Kom" vs. the Real Thing, .. .. 172

Keeping Down an j^xcess of Pollen 209

Large Honey Crops 8

Laying Workers 53, 184

Let the Honey Get Ripe, 148

Look Upon this Picture, and Then on

This 236

Lenkoran or Persian Bees, 225

Milk and Honey Farm 6

Mysterious Act, A 7

Must Honey Take a Back Seat? 42

Manipulation, 48

Mosquito Hawks, 95

Mr. Theilmann Dead, 151

More Than 100,000 Bees Were Killed, .. 249

Migratory Bee-Keeping in Florida, . . . . 1176

Mating of the Queen 184

New Apiarian Invention, 18

New York State Institutes, 22

National Bee-Keepers' Association, . . . .

35, .^7, 162, 190

National Election, The, 42

New York Apiary, A, 45

New Zealand, Apiarian Conditions in, 70

New Inventions, 96

No Punic Bees in Algeria 137

National Convention, The 188

Notice to Foreign Patrons, 191

Notes in General, 208

National Nominations, 236

Noteworthy Thaw in Missouri, 63

Notes and Comments from the French, 230

Ohio's New Foul Brood Bill, 32

Observation Hive, A, 88 ,

262

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December

One Boy cm the Faxm,

Orange Blossoms as a Nectar Yielder,
The, 132. 133,

Orange Blossom Honey,

Observation Hives,

Orange Blossom Honey Scarce,

Pennsylvania State Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion

Prince of American Bee- Keepers

Pushing, Plucky and Progressive Bee-
Keepers,

Prevention of Increase,

Pennsylvania State Association,

"Pat" Still in Cuba,

Punic Bees

Position of Entrances

Phacelia Tanacetifolia,

Phacelia as a Forage Plant 138,

Poisoned by Honey,

Preparing Barrels for Honey,

Queen Rearing 3,

Queen Hunting Expedition, A,

Quilts for Hives,

Queen Breeding in Florida, .. .'

Queen Restrainer, A,

Removing Sections from the Super, .. ..

Refuse Beet Sugar for Bees

Rural Bee-Keeper, The,

Rocky Mountain Beef Journal Sold, .. ..

Regarding the Deacon,

Remarkable Incident,

Report for 1904

Relating to Swarms,

Sectional Hives,

Selling Extracted Honey in the Local
Market,

Selfishness of Bees,

Shall We Advance?

Small Packages for Extracted Honey, . .

St. Croix Valley Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation,

Sulphur Cure for Bee Paralysis

Sugar Feeding Denounced,

Swarming Observations,

Shallow Frames Best

Success and Failure,

Scientists from Abroad,

Still Advancing,

Shallow vs. Deep Frame Controversy, . .

Shallow Hive Defended,

Treatment of Foul Brood,

That Frame of Foundation,

The Future,

The Making of the Queen Bee

The War Horse

This is a Puzzle

The Old Wiley Pleasantry,

Two Florida Nectar Yielders,

The Deacon's Message,

Tunisian, or So-Called "Punic" Bees, . .

The Season,

The Best Bee

That Puzzle,

That Drone in Worker Cell

Uncapping Device, An,

Uniting for the Honey Flow,

Value of Apiculture in America,

Wiring Brood Frames, ..

Winter in Colorado,

What are Legitimate Lines of Work? ....

Wiltshire Ballad

W. L. Coggshall in Florida,

Wax Production in Argentina

Wintering, Results of Some Experimenting

Western Illinois Convention,

Wiring Frames,

Wintering Experiments, . . .

96 What Constitutes a Good Queen? .. .. 1&

Where Are the Straw "Skeps?" 25!

149 Where they Get Orange Bloom Honey, 19.

157 We're Not the "Only Pebble," 23i

170 J , ^

183 THE BEE-KEEPING WORLD.

Notes from Germany, 15, 37, 57, 78, 98, 119, 122

145, 167, 191, 210, 232, 252.

Turkey 15, 14

Austria, 16, 120, 146, 168, 192, 212

232, 253.

British Honduras, 1

Switzerland, 38, 58 98, 146, 16'

192. 201.

Italy, 37, 58, 80, 10

'laamania, 3

England, .. 38, 119, 191, 212, 23

Australia 38, 26

Belgium, 40, 78, 99, 120; 145, 1«
211, 234, 253.

Palestine,

Chili,

Siberia, 58 li

France, 58, 78, 99, 121, 144, 193^ 21

253.

Russia 78, 100. If

Abyssinia,

Scotland,

Holland, J

Argentina, <

Ireland. 98. 1!

Tunis, 98, 2i

Denmark,

Brazil, 99, 1!

Spain 99, K

Algeria, 100, 1;

Norway 1;

Greece 1;

China, 144, 166, 2

Arabia 1

Bohemia 2

Japan 2

Servia, 2

Africa 2

CORRESPONDENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS.

W. W. McNeal, John Hewitt, Dickson ]
Alley, M. F. Reeve, Rev. C. M. Herrin
H. M. Jameson, Arthur C. Miller, F, Greint
Dr. O. M. Blanton, C. S. Harris, J. E. Joh
son, John Hardscrabble, Wm. T. Gillilan
E. L. Pratt, Thos. Worthington, John I
Grant, C. H. W. Weber, "Swarthmore," Hei
ry E. Horn, N. E. Loane, Geo. B. How
C. R. Russell, J. W. Tefft, Adrian Getaz. I
G. Sammis, P. W. Stahlman, E. F. Atwatt
T. S. Hall, Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, O. (
Poppleton, Chas, Koop, W. L. Coggsha
G. J. S. Small, Frank Benton, R. August!
Haight, Warren H. Winch, J. D. Yance
J. T. Hairston. L. B. Smith, Eben Har
scrabble. Dr. W. A. Smyth, P. J. Burbec
Theodore Squalley, Alice E. Holmes, J. ]
Byer, D. H. Zencker, John W. Pharr. (
Theilmann, H. A. Surface, D. L. Wood
Robert H. Smith, A. E. Willcutt, H. (
Morehouse, W. S. Hart, Otto Gubler, Jact
W. Small, R. T. Crandall, Wm. V. Ale
ander, E. B. Rood, Otto Luhdorff. Prof. 1
M. Bundy, Geo. W. Brodbeck, Miss Salei
Mullen, Morley Pettit, Leo F. Hanegan, W
S. Blaisdell, M. W. Shepherd, H. Piper. T>
E. France, Leo Vincent, Bessie L. Putnar
O. C. Fuller, J. E. Hand, G. A. Nunez, >
Pritolenko.

16
68

83
111
114

172
180
1281

53
221
187
193
109
141
142
258
219

65

91
106
125
173
222
224
230

51

61

77
105
117

118
125
241
247
248
KO
20fi
239
17.'>
220
43
56
59
62
136
143
150
183
188
202
20s
214
215
222
145
2.31
32

23
43
56
61

76
112
115
139

904.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

263

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Charles D. Winslow, 6; Head of Worker
?ee, 7; The Deacon's "Purps," 12; Comb Frame
or Bee Hive, 22; C. H. W. Weber, 24; Bee
Attacked by Florida Ant, 29; Mr. Loane's
Vpiary in Tasmania, 39; Hineman's Apiary, 4€;
Bees and Chrysanthemums, 52; Cogg-shail
Brothers, 69; The Deacon's Last Portrait, 81;
Bee-Keepers at the Ohio Capital, 83; A. E.
Painter, Esq., 83; Alley's "Bug House," 89;
Dr. Smyth's Apiary, Donemana, Ireland, 93;
Bernard A. Cromwell and Mother, 97; Mr. C.
I'heilmann, 111; Smith's Wiring Device, 115;
/lews of A. E. Willcutt's Apiary, 116 and

117; An Austrian Hive, 120; Orange Blossoms
132; Cell Cleaning and Incubating Board, 135
Dr. C. C. Miller, 138; Uncapping Plane, 145
Clover and Basswood, 152; Hill's Observation
Hive, 171; Poppleton's Fleet, 176; Interior of
Poppleton's Transport, 177; Indian River
Shore, 178; Course of Queen's Flight, 184;
Hardscrabble's Ghost in the Editor's Sanc-
tum, 189; H. C. Morehouse, 195; Home-
made Queen Rearing Devices, 200 and 201;
An Open Air Colony, 207; Queen Restrainer,
219; Apiary of Geo. B. Howe, 224; Group of
Ohio Bee-Keepers, 228; Mr. A. J. Halter and
Apiary, 250.

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

]^"Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional w^ords, 12c a w^ord. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates.„^^

OHIO.

:. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

Ve are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASS'N, 1440 Market St., Denrer, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

uent=a=Word Column.

;HAKERS' TOBACCO TABLETS— Placed
in the mouth, stop desire for tobacco. Harm-
less, yet effective. Impossible to want to-
bacco while using them. Makes quitting easy
and sure. Complete cure, $1.00. Satisfaction
guaranteed or money returned. Shaker
Chemical Co., Station "F," Cincinnati, Ohio.

'INCREASE" is the title of a little book-
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make up
winter losses without much labor and with-
out breaking up full colonies; entirely new
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. Address
E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7-tf

\ TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost yi50, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for J25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

lGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.
FOR SALE— A Hawkeye, Jr., Camera com-

plete. Uses both film and plates. Cost $8.00;
will sell with leather case for <3.i50 cash.
Address Empire Washer Co., Falconer, N.
Y.

Bee=Keepers' Club

Modern Farmer, one year,
Silk Front Bee Veil, - -
Gleanings in Bee Culture,

one year, . - -

Langstroth on Honey Bee,
American Bee Journal,

new only, - - -

.50
.50

1.00
1.20

1.00

$4.20

All of the Above only $2.50

First two $.50; first three, $1.25; first
four, $2.10.

New subscribers for the A. B. J can
subst tute it for Gleanings if they wish.
Renewals for the A. B J add 40c more
to any club. Western Bee Journal can
be substituted for either bee paper. No
clianges will be made in these otfers.

Write for other clubbing offers.

MODERN FARMER

The Clean Farm Paper
ST. JOSEPH, - - - MISSOURI

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

-THE FRED W. MUTH CO., €1 Walnut St.,
* Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDix.A, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

I AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1U3,
L PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO,
^' (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
•J sends out the choicest 3-banded and gold-
en Italian queens that skill and experience can
produce. Satisfaction guaranteed. No disease.

QUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

W breeder of choice Italian Bees and
• J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA.,
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

oWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-.
>J MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
quaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS? 11
'» so I can furnish you queens of the follow,
inging races by return mail: Three- and fivfr
banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carnl
olans and Albinos. Untested of either race
75c. each; select untested, $1.00 each; six foi
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either race
$2.00 each; six for 10.00; one dozen, $18.00
Breeders, $4.50 each. Safe arrival guaranteed
B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas. Aug. 5

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year foi
only $2.00.

M

OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAII
of Italians become more and more popu
lar each year. Those who have tested then
know why. Descriptive circular free to all
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

p UNIC BEES. All oth^r races are dis
' carded after trial of these wonderful bees
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co
Sheffield, England. 4

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale,
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 190!
Thos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

I

The Bee=Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

opportunities for making money out of
bee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
keeper with a single apiary, from which he
makes a living in a good year, and nothing in
a poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

secure a good location, if not already in pos-
session of one, adopt such methods as will en-
able him to branch out and manage several
apiaries, he will find that in a good year he can

File np Honey

ton upon ton — enough to support himself and
family for several years. Ine Review is help-
ing bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

in making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ing of a good location; and the Review even
goes so far as to discover ana make known
desirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
that of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
able strain; and, having had years of experi-
ence with all the leading varieties of bees, the
editor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
his readers where to get the best stock. Still
further, the Review tens how to make

Rapid Increase,

how to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
single season, into an apiary of 100 or more
colonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
keeper must learn how to manage them so as
to be able to establish an out-apiary here, and
another there, and care for them with weekly
visits — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
when extracted honey is produced. It is in
teaching bee-keepers how to thus

Control Sxirarming,

that the Review has been, and is still, doing
its best work. If a man only knows how, he
can care for several apiaries now as easily as
he once cared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the next
step is that of selling it. This is the most
neglected, yet

The Most Important Froblem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, and
one that the Review is working the hardest to
solve. So many 'men work hard all summer,
produce a good crop, and then almost give it
away. The Review is trying to put a stop to
this "giving it away." It is showing, by the
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepers,
how the leisure months may be employed in
selling honey at prices that some of us would
call exorbitant. The men who have done this
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actual,
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able to
secure, as correspondents, men who have scat-
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them with
little or no help and made money. These men
are able to write from actual experience — they
know how they have succeeded, and can tell
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-keep-
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't aflford
not to

Read The Reviexr.

It will lead you and encourage you, and fill
you with ideas, and tell you how to do things
— show you how to enlarge your business and
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1.00 a
year; but, if you wish to become better ac-
quainted with it before subscribing.

Send Ten Cents

for three late, but different issues, and the ten
cents may apply on any suoscription sent in
during the year. A coupon will be sent en-
titling you to the Review one year for only
90 cents.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON

lO-tf

FLINT, MICHIGAN

Preparation For
Winter,

And the wintering problem^
are the subjects under dis-
cussion in the Current Num-
bers of THE RURAL BEE
KEEPER,

Big Discount on early orders,
write for sample copies, and
send IOC for 3 late numbers.

W. H. PUTNAM,
River Falls, = = Wis.

Subscription Agencies. C

Subscriptions for the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper may be entered
tlirough any of the following
ag'ente, when more convenient
than remitting to our offices at
Fort Pierce, Florida, or James-
town, N. Y.:
I J. E. Jonhson, Williamsfield,

1 "•

S The Fred W. Muth Company,

2 51 Walnut St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
§ John W. Pharr, Berclair, Tex.
5 Miss S. Swan, Port Burwell,
5 Ontario.

J G. A. Nunez, Stann Creek,

;1 British Honduras.

3 Walter T. Mills, Burnham, N.
^ Rochester, Kent Co., Ivan House,
3 England.
I G. J. S. Small, Marton, Wang-

uiiui. New Zealand.

H. H. Robinson, Independencla
1(5. Matanzas, Cuba.

Coloi'ado Honey Producers*
Association. 1440 Market St.,
Denver, Colo.

-^fi^ift fXimmtfiif^ftQf^f^^f^f^f^f^f^ 0^f%0*m (y^

National Bee°Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in tiie
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure!

ABooQ
For

PoDltrrKeecfir

How we make our hens pay 40'
per cent, profit, new system, oi
own method, fully explained j
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contali
Poultry Keepero' Acc'tand Egg Record showlr
g^ius or losses evei" month for one year. Worth 3
ct«, sent to you for 1 1 c. If you will send names of
poultry keepers with your order: Address,
6. H. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Clintonville. Com

Prepares for Examination

The Home Study Magazine is a large monthly Journal of Instruction. It contains the
ANSWERS TO ALL EXAMINATION QUESTIONS GIVEN BY THE COUNTY AND
STATE SUPERINTENDENTS DURING THE YEAR, besides DRILLS and OUT-
LINES IN ALL THE BRANCHES IN WHICH TEACHERS ARE REQUIRED TO
WRITE FOR CERTIFICATES. It prepares for all grades of certificates. Special helps in
music, drawing, literature. Helps in the common branches a specialty. The

HOME STUDY MAGAZINE

is edited by a board of professors and superintendents who have had years of experience in
preparing teachers and students for examinations, in all public school and college branches.
The magazine will be sent to you

THREE MONTHS FOR TEN CENTS

Send us five two-cent stamps or a silver dime
subscription price is $1.00 a year.

for

three months' trial.
Address

The regvilar

HOME STUDY MAGAZINE, Des Moines, Iowa

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

■ MAGAZINE.

It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = KENTUCKY.

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but It is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. >>old
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yoiu the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO.. IOWA.

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

ri'

LLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS EOR

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HON E Y

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

IP IN JSLKBD

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business

on the cash basis, in selling or 'inying

Full Stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their factory prices.

SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

p. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Ave.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

DON'T KILLb

YOURSELF. WASHING " '^

WAY, BUT BUY AH E M P I R E

W A S H E R , «**<4 wiUoA < A«
frailett \B<yman •an do om or-
dinarv vaskiug in oim hour,
without vetting htr hand*.
SampU attchoUtaitPrica. Batisfaotion Otianinteed.
No pay until tritd. yfritefor Phutrated Cataloa%*
mndprice* of Wringer i, Ironing Tahiti, Clothft Reelt,
DryingBari, VfagonJaekttdce. AeentsWanted. Lib-
eral Terms. QaiokSaleil LitUeWorkll Big ParHl
Addrf,Tmm SiiPiBBWABBBk Co.,JuB«at»wii.l« .T.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the pa.st, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: '"''sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $G. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50. 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. Fh/.IvE, Prop.,

New Century Queen Hearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

shoii.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written e*'
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just ou'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less tban tYfo year*
Editor York says: "It is tbe flaest little book pub-
lislied at tlie present time." Price 24 cents; by
Kail 2a cents. Tlie little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

I'a lire, proeressiTe, 28 page monthly journal,) on»
year for 66c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO,, Hirjiii.T>u,, m..

Chance

Of a Life Time

inn Wanted to raise
*"" Belgians

Send for particulars and sample cop
of the only

Belgian Hare Journa

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, M

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEP

And Others!

Until Further Notic

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addi'tos in the U. S. A. oi
year for ]0 eents, providing yc
u^ iution American Bee-Keeper.

The Oounlry Journal treats
' arm, Orchard and Garden, Poi
' tj and Fashion. It's the best p
y»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa,
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D.. Epping, N.
keeps a complete supply of our goods, a
Eastern customers will save freight by ord
ing of hjm.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co

GENTS Wanted ' Wa'shTng Machlnes^

j You can double your money every time you sell one

they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
cheaper than e^'er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned ou
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
/ruit growing unless you read it.

Jalance of this year free to new
iscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

WniNTS

iromptly obtained OE NO FEE. Trade-Marks,
Javeats, Copyrights and Labels registered.
(WENTT 7EABS' PRACTICE. Highest references,
lead model, sketch or photo, for free report
>B patentability. All bnsiness confidential.
lAHS-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells
Jow to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
Will Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
neohanioal movements, and contains 300 other
lultjects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & GO.

Patent
Attorneys
790 F Street North. WASHINGTON, D. C.

BARNKS'

Foot Power HacMnerj,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, wbicb
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO..
»13 Ruby St., Rockford.111.

50 YEARS'
ENCE

Mahks

Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probablv patentable. Conimunica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without obarge. in the

Scientific jimencait.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year; four months, Jl. Sold tyall newsdealers.

MUNN iCo.3«^«-^''-^' New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

THE mniE FAEIS,

ATHEJVS, GA.

Subscription, . . . . 50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

HOME SEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ed in tlie Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMES l^EKER, a handsome
Illustrated magazine, describing the
industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for l5o., Address,

THR DIXIr. HOMESEEKER,

West AWnpmattox, Va tf

second-class (

Honey

PRODUCTION

AND I

selling!

These are the two main problems of the bee-keeper, and each is as ir
portant as the other. Many can produce fine honey.but fail to get the be
prices. Your crop in attractive packages is half sold. The first honey
the market sells the best; so don't put off ordering supplies.

No-drip Shipping Ckses.

Do not put your section honey
poorly made section cases. It -
bring less if you do. We mnico
cases of white b«ss-wopd, and r
are constructed so they will not U
Neither do the sections get stuck
with honey. Made for all kinds
sections, and in all sizes. Also g
for fronts. For retailing honey tl'
is nothing neater than the Da
Carton. Ask ^5f*t)ilr ciitalogue gi\
complete prices and doscrii)tions. .

Hers^iser Jars.

The finest of all glass pack-
ages for extracted honey. Made
of clear glass with aluminum
caps, which seal them tight. We
sell other styles of glass pack-
ages. . Don't fail to study the
candied honey question. There
is a great future for this. We
sell the famous Aiken Honey
Bag for retailing candied honey.
See our general catalogue for
further description and prices.

Five-Gallon Tin Cans.

The favorite package for shipp
extracted honey. Xo leaking,
tainted honey. The cans being sciu.
economize space, and are e:isiiy bo?
Also smaller sizes. Cans furnis
with different widths of screw c|
or honey gjites. Don't fail to get
prices before ordering. Henienjl
that freight charges s'-iould be (
sidered with the prices. We can '(jj
from our branch houses.

Complete Description and Prices in General Catalogue.

THE A. I. ROOT CO.

Factory and Executive Office - - MEDINA, Ofl

BRANCHES— Chicago, 111, 144 East Erie St.; Fhiladelphia, Pa., lo Vine Sll
New York City, N. Y.,'44 Vesey St.; Syracuse, N. Y.; Mechanic Falls.Mfl
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Miss. St.; San Antonio, Texas; Washimrton. D. <|
1100 Md. Av.; Hav na, Cuba, 17 San Ignaclo; Kingston, Jamaica, ll
Harbour St.

Kiit»'."t'(i ;it tlie PostoHice, Fort Pierce, i:ia., as second-class mail matter,

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made ' great
changes, freed the slaves, ^nd in
-consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

There J3 no trade or profession better catered to
Dy good journals Oian that of the faraer. Unin-
telligent usprogressivaoess has now no eaouse.

IS a
luxm"

A BATH

wUer TMPIRE
taken ir. au " Portable
Folding BATH TUB

Used in any room.
AoK.VTS Wanted.
Cat.ilogue Free.

. Ths empire
^washer co.,

jAMESTOWN,N.r,

&

CURE CONSTIPATION, LIVER, BOWEL and a

STOMACH TiiiOUBLiLS.
10c. and 25c. per Box As]! Your Oru^

ACCEPT NO SUBSTBfUTES

35

THE DIXIE HOME MAQAZliNE

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest llluslrated
M;:gazine in the World tor 10c a year, to intro-
duce it only.

It is bri.ulit and np-to-^late. Tells
ail about ►southern Home Lite. It is
full of tine eijgraviuys of ^raiid scen-
ery, builtlings and famous peoiile.
Send at once. 10c. a year jjostpald
anywhere in the U. S., Canada and-
Mexico. 3 years OUc. Or, clubs of (i
names ."lOc, 12 for $1. Send us a club,
IMoiiey back if not deli.ulited. Stamps
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AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Janiestown,NV,

Vol. XV

JANUARY, 1905.

No. I

THE "GOING -TO BEES."

^X

Suppose that some fine morn in May
A honey-bee should pause and say,
"'1 guess I will not work today,

But next week or next summer.
Or some time in the by and by,
I'll be so diligent and spry
That all the world must see that I

Am what they call a ' hummer' ! "

Of course you'd wish to say at once,

'■ O bee! don't be a little dunce

And waste your golden days and months

In lazily reviewing
The things you're 'going' to do and how
Your hive with honey you'll endow,
But bear in mind, O bee, that NOW

Is just the time for ' doing.' "

Suppose a youth with idle hands
Should tell you all the splendid plans
Of which he dreams, the while the sands

Of life are flowing, flowing.
You'd wish to say to him, " O boy!
If you would reap your share of joy
You must discerningly employ
Your morning hours in sowing."

He who would win must work! The prize

Is for the faithful one who tries

With loyal heart and hand; whose skies

With toil-crowned hopes are sunny.
And they who seek success to find
This homely truth must bear in mind:
" The ' going-to bees ' are not the kind

That fill the hive with honey."
—Nixon Waterman in Saturday Evening Post.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January,

HOFFMAN FRAMES, QUEENS, ETCETERA.

A New i'ork ''Dutchman*^ Finds Some Things Which Do, and Others

That Do Not Accord With His Own Ideas, and ''Speaks

His Piece/'

By P. W. Stahlman.

FRIEND HILL:— First, I wish
to say a few words in regard to
the Hoffman frame. In some
few ways it is all right, but in all
other ways it is wrong. It has a
great thick top-bar, which is favor-
able to keeping the bees worn out in
going long distances to enter the su-
per; and they will not enter the super
as readily as with a thinner top-bar.

Next, those great side-whiskers,
called "spacers," on the end-bars are
a perfect nuisance. The world may
be in favor of Hoffman frames, but I
would not take enough of them as a
gift, to fill all my hives. Some bee-
keepers plane off the projecting
spacer, even after combs are built,
and use instead a spacing staple.

We do not all see things in
the same light; so let those who like
the Hoffman have them, but let us
have something better.

"Now comes the one great point up-
on which I am as firm as are the
friends of the Hoffman frame, and
that is the matter of queens. Though
I have kept bees but sixteen years, a
man ought to learn a few things in
that time. If he doesn't, he might as
well sleep his life away as to attempt
to keep bees for dollars and cents. I
have bought queens from a number of
breeders. Some were good and many
were poor affairs. I know from ex-
perience that a queen which has been
jammed around and abused in the
mails is not so good as one reared
right in the apiary where she is to be
used. They will be superseded sooner
and are often shorter lived.

I believe in rearing queens from the
best stock, and in the infusion of new
blood to keep up the vigor of the
colonies. A queen that cannot keep
an eight-frame hive overflowing with
hees, ought to go to the bone yard.
Such queens are kept at a loss.

To rear my queens I have a number
of small hives, each holding five 6x7
frames. These I set anywhere in the

yard and stock them with a few bees
(a quart is plenty), and a queen. Ir
due time these little hives will be
well supplied with eggs, and the queei
may be taken to use, or to be destroy
ed, and a queen-cell about due t(
hatch may be given them, and all wil
be well. This may be done all througl
the season, when drones are present
and by selecting a great improvemen
in stock may be made.

I hear someone ask. "How do yo
winter these little colonies?" And th!
advice, "Better use standard frame
and unite in the fall." My answer is
Here is the advantage of small hive;
Before cold weather comes on, o
here, before buckwheat ceases t
yield. I tier up four of these little co
onies, which gives me three exti'
queens to sell. I also have a gooi
sized colony with which to go inVi
winter quarters, and which will wi
ter as well as any, and go through tl
spring as well. By dividing up in tl
spring I am ready to "go it again
You need not rob your other coloni
of two frames of brood and bees, ai
thus weaken them and lose the whi
honey crop. And when fall com
and you find a number of your lar;
colonies queenless, you need not wa
around with your lip almost touchii
the ground, saying, "I don't knc
what to do." If you have the ext
queens in the small hives you c:
unite one with the queenless color
Then they are welcome.

Again, these little colonies will ta
care of themselves to an astonishii
degree. I have not fed any all t
season, and all have a great plenty
winter on. You can see some
these little hives in the picture — soi
of them four stories high, ready i\
winter. Most of the small hives a
hidden by the large ones, and canr
be seen.

A queen can be found more read
in such a hive than in a large one, a
their mating is almost certain, a

)05.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

sually sooner than in a large hive full
f bees. The queens may be left in
few of the small hives so as to
apply brood to keep up others if
ceded. I have no ax to grind, and
I give this for what it is worth. Also
le picture of this Dutchman's apiary,
hich will be improved next season.

REPORT FOR 1904.

Spring count, 102 colonies. Increas-
i to 200 colonies, four and a half tons
f honey, one-fourth comb. Bees in
ood shape for winter, and no foul
rood.

I suppose some will feel like throw-
tg stones at me for condemning the

offman frame, but please don't hurt

e. Just one word, which also falls
oon the manufacturers of hives, etc..

QUEEN-REARING OBSTACLES.

Suggestions as to How They May Be
Reduced or Overcome.

By Arthur C. Miller.

THE EDITOR'S recent comments
on the drawbacks to queen-
rearing in Florida have recalled
some of the drawbacks experienced
elsewhere.

Hindrances to bringing queens to
maturity may be divided into two
classes, those within and those with-
out the hive. Those within relate to
the selection of the larva, its care
and perfect development and the sub-
sequent nourishment and environment
until mated.

The external conditions have to do

.•»-b|W#*s^^'^

j\w«tk\cftH^CE-ll^eti>tn

MR. STAHLMANS APIARY.

id that is the shabby division boards
lat are furnished with hives. Why
Dn't you make a solid board, at least
half-inch thick, with top-bar?
hen they woud not crawl all
vtr the bee yard in case you do hap-
sn to get one out of the hive long
lough to see how poor they are.
oly Moses! do wake up and improve
le division boards, such as I have
en lately. It makes a man hate him-
•If to use them. A great many
lings are made to sell and not for
ractical service. The fence separa-
ir is a good thing, only they should
; nailed as well as glued, and a little
ore pains should be taken in putting
lem together.
So long, brother!
Gallupville, N. Y., Oct. 20, 1904.

with the climatic conditions, presence
of predatory birds and insects, and
quantity and vigor of males.

Consideration of the factors relat-
ing to rearing, up to the time the
queen emerges from the cell, may be
omitted from this article, but from
that period onward much may be ad-
vantageously said. In a normal col-
ony the young queen emerges into an
atmosphere of warmth and high hu-
midity and has accessible an abun-
dance of nutritious and, in a sense,
stimulative food. Such are the condi-
tions when the bees of their own
volition rear a queen either for swarm-
ing or supersedure. When man steps
in he must produce these same condi-
tions if he would meet with success.
In a warm and humid climate this is

4 • THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January,

easy to accomplish, but in less favor- warm and well fed they will fly but
able places it requires care and at- sparingly, and seemingly without any
tention. Pains must be taken to have desire to seek the queens. A lusty,
the nuclei or colonies with the young well-fed drone from a populous stock
virgin queens (I will call them "mat- ca" hardly be handled without caus-
ing" colonies for convenience) well '"g the death convulsion, while an un-
supplied with young bees, and the derfed one can scarcely be forced in- \
store of pollen and honey must be to the same condition,
abundant, and the supply from with- To keep drones alive out-of-season,
out must be constant if we wish to or under adverse weather or crop con-
secure full nourishment of the young ditions, it is often advised that they
queen. Warmth and full feeding be kept in a queenless colony. This'
mean vigor and activity for her, so w'ill assure the non-destruction of the
that not only will she be ready to drones, but unless the colony is kept
mate early, but she will be better able in a high state of thrift by a full food
to overcome adverse conditions out- supply and the constant addition of
side. emerging brood, the drones will be

It is not that it takes a lot of bees of but little value for our purpose. A
to feed the young queen, but that the few hundred drones in a thrifty stock
population be abundant enough to are worth many thousands in an un-
keep internal conditions of tempera- thrifty one. And "thrift" in this con-
ture, humidity and kinds of available nection must be taken in the broad-
food as near as possible as they are est sense of the word,
in a full colony. Given the vigorous well-fed queen

Such conditions mean fewer "miss- and similar drones, what more can

ing" queens. be done? Very much.

Produce such conditions, give such During the past season I was called!

"mating colony" a good, well-bred npon to solve the delayed mating anci

queen, and then keep her shut in until high per cent, of loss of virgin queens

you are ready to have her fly. The '" an apiary of my son's. I puzzlec

next factors to be consiaered are the over it for many weeks, until at las'

external conditions. The climate we I found that the drones were al

cannot control, but we can prevent the through flying before the young queen

queens from flying on any but favor- took flight. There were several pes

able days, so in a measure we sur- sible causes for this, but as I am un

mount that difficulty. Troublesome certain as to the importance of each

birds can be largely driven from the I w'ill not detail them. But the trou

immediate neighborhood of the api- hie was easily overcome in this way

ary, or killed. Often a few discharges The drones and the queens were kep

of a gun (without shot) towards a shut in until I thought best for then

bird will drive it permanently away, to fly, and then both given liberty a

Also I believe the ravages of birds once,
much overestimated. It is neither necessary nor wise t(

Predatory insects are difficult to confine the drones all the time prio

combat, and we have very few here; to the time we want them, but onh

so I cannot speak from much experi- necessary to shut them in the nigb

ence with them. But it would seem before the day we want their services

as if the evil might be greatly les- In shutting drones into a populou

sened by letting the queens fly at stock, pains must be taken to giv

such times of day as the troublesome much room and ventilation. I foun<

insects were least in evidence. a handy and safe method in placing ;

Quantity and vigor of males aro full-sized chamber beneath the col

matters quite within our control and ony, covering the bottom of tb

are factors which will well repay ev- chamber with a sheet of excluder zin>

ery queen-raiser for a lot of thought and raising all from the bottom boan

and care. Quantity is easily secured, so as to give free draft of air. S(

the methods having been exhaustive- confined, drones will do nicely fo

ly given by many writers. Unfortu- half a day or more, and be ready t<

nately, they have stopped with that, fly the instant we release them.
It matters not how many males are After the drones have been free fo

present in the hives, unless they are about a quarter of an hour, I releas

«

a

IQOS-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

all queens ready to mate. Roughly, as that used here by the Dadants
this may be known by the age, but themselves. Their capacity is prac-
where the apiarist is anxious to re- tically unlimited, since additional
duce risk of loss as low as possible, stories can be used when needed. It
then he may release only those vir- must be remembered also that the box
gins which constantly open and shut hives are used in Europe to produce
the vulva. Such queens may be re- chunk honey and the frame hives in-
lied upon to fly and mate at once, variably (or nearly so) to produce
Commercially, it would probably be extracted honey.

unprofitable to go to the trouble in- i8. In regard to the amount of

v^olved in such observations. honey in the hives, 45 per cent, of

Providence, R. I., Dec. 10, 1904. t^e swarms came out from hives hav-

ing from nothing to twenty pounds

of honey. 41 per cent, when there

SWARMING. were twenty to forty pounds of hon-

. . ey, and only 14 per cent, when there

Conditions and Their Influence. ^gre from forty to sixty pounds. It

By Adrian Getaz seems by that, that when the colonies

are disposed to swarm they do it be-

THE REPORT of the Society of fore having full provisions.
Department de la Meuse con- 19. The amount of empty combs at
tinues in the Apiculteur. We the disposition of the queen to lay in
ind the following questions and an- is the most important factor in in-
wers by the members: ducing swarming. Only 20 per cent.

15. Concerning the exposition of of the swarms came from hives hav-
he hives. Those turned to the east ing empty cells in the brood nest,
:ive 61 per- cent.; those to the south- and 80 per cent, from those in which
ast only 6, and those to the south the bees were crowding the queen.

I per cent, of the swarms. The oth- 20. A lack of ventilation or an ex-
r directions none, except two per cess of heat increases considerably
ent. to the northeast. The report the disposition to swarm, but no def-
dds that most of the apiculturists, inite figures can be given.
a rather nearly all, place their hives 21. The swarming takes place from
urned toward the south, or about; fo^r to thirteen days after the open-
lence the larger number of swarms jng of the main flow (which in that
rom these directions. p^rt of France is from the sainfoin.)

16. It IS known that the bees need -^^^^ average is six or seven days. It is
large quantity of water for brood- noted here that this is largely a ques-

earing, and it might be suspected ^ion of locality, and in other places,
hat the closer the water is, the more entirely different dates would obtain,
rood would be raised, and that more „, . . . ^,

warming would ensue. The report ^4. The majority of the swarms
oes not show it to be so. The api- cjuster at a distance of eighteen to
ries at a distance from the water ^'^''ty ^^et from the hives Only three
ave as many swarms as those placed P^F ^^"t- ^? ^eyond 100 feet 200 feet
loggj. being the limit. This, like all the re-

17.' Size of the hive. The box Po^t, is in regard to first swarms with
ives of a capacity of 35 to 40 cubic ^^Y^^^ queens A swarm with a vir-
ecimeters gave 60 to 70 per cent, of &'" ^^^ ^o almost anywhere.
warms. The frame hives, one story, 25. It was intended to ask where
f 50 to 60 cubic decimeters, gave 25 the swarms clustered, what proportion
J 30 per cent. The large Dadant on trees, bushes or on the ground,
latt hives only 5 per cent. One of etc., but unfortunately the printers
le members, Mr. C^uillemain, report- forgot to put it in. The members are
\ that with the Dadant Blatt hives, requested to report on this next year.

is very seldom that he has any 26. Half of the swarms observed,
varm at all. clustered between three feet and six

To have any idea of these sizes I feet above the ground, 18 per cent.
lust state that an American cubic below that, some of them on the
lot equals Z2> cubic decimeters. The ground. Only 12 per cent, clustered
adant Blatt hives are about the same at more than twelve feet above the

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

January

ground. The report says here that
one of the apiaries observed is in a
grove of tall trees, where the bees
have to cluster at a considerable ele-
vation because there is nothing else.
But for that, very few would cluster
at twelve feet or above.

These figures are much lower than
we would expect. But it must be
remembered that in Europe, the
bees are usually kept in the gardens
or in the orchards, outside of which
there is usually nothing but open
fields. So the bees have to cluster
within the enclosure on whatever trees
bushes, etc., may be there.

Perhaps, while on the subject, I
might give my own experience. My
Middlebrook apiary is partially in a
grove of tall trees. In front of the
apiary there is a grove of cedars. The
swarms usually go in the cedars and
cluster anywhere from the lowest
limbs to about midway to the top,
that is, from fifteen to, perhaps, thir-
ty-five feet from the ground. The
few that go to tall trees invariably
cluster on the lowest limbs.

The Beaver Creek apiary is on the
edge of a grove of tall trees, the hives
turned toward the inside of the grove.
The majority of the swarms cluster
on some of the tall trees, either
among the hives or immediately in
front, and always on the lowest limbs.
About one-fourth of the swarms go
to the orchard a hundred feet dis-
tant, in the rear of the hives, and set-
tle on the fruit trees, usually on some
plum trees that are rather low and
have a very thick foliage.

27. Seventy per cent, of the
swarms cluster in the regular, well
known form, the others in irregular
forms, depending chiefly on the place
where they are.

28. The great majority of the
swarms go toward the south, or rath-
er between the southeast and south-
west. The report suggests that they
go toward the sun. I rather think
that they go in that direction because
the hives are usually turned that way,
and that they simply go right straight
before them, or about.

In the part of the above report re-
published in the December number
of The American Bee-Keeper, the
assertion is made that the
one-year-old queens are more liable

to swarm than the others. That as
sertion I stoutly denied, but after al
I may have been too hasty.

For those who may not have kef
the December number, I will say tha
the answer to the nth question show
ed that 43 per cent, of the swarm
came from colonies having swarme
the year before, and therefore ha
queens one year old, 20 per cent, froi
colonies having swarmed two yeai
before, and the rest Irom colonic
having swarmed three years befoi
or longer. The conclusion th;
queens one year old swarm the mo
is almost irresistible.

This I denied, for the two follo\
ing reasons:

1st. The actual 43 per cent, of on
year-old queens is not conclusive. T
be so, it would be necessary to kno
how many such colonies were in o
servation, and know what proporti(
of them did swarm.

2d. With me, but very few of t;
one-year-old queens (or rather thr
colonies) swarm. And swarmii
can be prevented to a large exte
by renewing the queens every ye:
or at last every two years.

These two points are absolute
correct, and I am not going to ta
them back. Where I was at fault,
by not taking into consideration t^
other conditions that have a beari
on the question.

But before going further, let us lo
at the conditions which induce swan
ing. Sometimes it may be one, son
times another, and perhaps often mc
than one.

One is the extreme heat, or lack
ventilation, or any condition that m
render the hive decidedly uncomfo
able. In such cases, bees may swai
even without beginning the constn
tion of queen cells.

Often it is the failure of the que
to lay sufficiently. Queen cells ?
then built, and if the season of t
year and weather conditions are
right, swarming will follow. If n^
the queen will be superseded.

More frequently, it is the lack
sufficient room, or rather of emp
combs, for the queen to lay; that
the cause of swarming. This and t,
preceding are really about the san
viz: not enough eggs laid. _

Now, like most of the Americ|
bee-keepers, I am a comb honey prl.

i

031

1905- THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 7

ducer, and we can now look into DISADVANTAGE OF UNPRE
that part of the program. PARFnMP-QQ

In working for comb honey, we can i-AKh^iJNiiijb.

give room enough in tne supers, but tv.^ t orv,»r,* r iv/r
it is only foundation, instead of built Lament of a Massachusetts Apu

combs. And when the honey comes
in freely, the bees cannot build out
the foundation fast enough to hold it,
and they cram it into the brood nest
until there is not room enough for
the queen to lay, and then swarming
takes place.

anst.

By Joe Pen.

DITOR BEE-KEEPER: — A
stinging cold day in March found
me in close conversation with a

But the most remarkable and, to ^^"tleman owning the finest cattle in
me, inexplicable feature of the case, ^ county, the prize-winning sheep,

is the fact that the young queen will t"0"sands of acres of pasture, wood-
defend herself, and prevent the bees ^",' brooks, stones and rattle-
from crowding the brood nest with snakes, and thirty stands of bees that

honey, far better than an older one. ^^"'^ '"^o winter quarters with su-
That's one thing for which I don't P^''^ ^"*^ honey boxes all on.

see any adequate explanation, but it , After a lunch on cold lobster and

is a fact all the same; and I presume "°^ Scotch, 1 started in high spirits

the reason why young queens do not °" "^^ ten-mile drive home. The

often swarm. prospect of being associated with a

However, the above applies to Prominent gentleman who would have
comb honey work. The European ^ dozen apiaries, rear queens by the
apiculturists who use modern hives thousand, supply the champagne-tint-
always work for extracted honey. ^^ palates of our exclusive summer
That changes the condition entirely, residents with choicest honey, filled
If enough empty combs are given, "^^ with glee, although the thought
the queen will not be crowded, ^^^^ ^ would not be able to enter the
but she will have all the space '^nks of those who were rearing
needed; and no matter whether she is q|^ieens in quantities rather clouded the
one, two, three or four years old, or picture, but the stock I had worked
more, there is not likely to be any ^o hard to improve, and when I had
swarming until she begins to fail. got it on as good a honey-producing

There is another condition that I basis as T could, would simply be
should have taken in consideration, transferred to a new field, and the
Most of the bees in Europe are kept few short cuts in the business I had
in box hives, rather straw hives or studied out would be applied to a
skeps, entirely too small. The mod- larger field. This was the mental
ern or movable-comb hives are often picture. Now for the facts and re-
one-story affairs, entirely too small. suits:

I have but very little experience A large order — not so large as we

with small hives, and furthermore, 1 at first intended — was made out.

don't want any of it; but I can readi- When it was forwarded, instead of

ly see that in such cases the most hundreds of hives, it was twenty. But

prolific queens, usually the young- with the thirty eight-frame hives this

est, will fill all the available space would do. and of course more material

the quickest and swarm the first and would be coming right along. Strange

most often. In fact, an inferior queen as it may seem, many of the colonies

might have all the space needed and survived without any protection. The

not swarm in a hive too small for a last year's honey boxes being on the

better queen.
Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 10, 1904.

Mr. Wm. Smith. Cameron, Calif.,
writes that "the past honey season
was a flat failure in Southern Califor-
nia."

Can you use a few sample copies?

hives, as I mentioned before. Twen-
ty to thirty "below," and no protec-
tion, out on their summer stands — •
how did a bee manage to survive?

A large house was in course of con-
struction, plenty of carpenters, and
yet not one for the twenty hives.

After much urging and strong talk,
the' hives were assembled, bees, in

8

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

nail-kegs, soap-boxes and any old
thing were produced, not when they
should have been, early in the sea-
son, but when the honey flow was at
its height, and some even when the
best of the flow had passed. These
had to be driven out and started on
ten sheets of foundation. Then old
hives and boxes were well filled with
honey and brood.

Sections were, not ready for the
strong colonies. I could make the
trip but once a week and spend one
day. The promised honey house was
never built. The bees were located
in an orchard, five hundred feet from
the carpenter and paint shops. Smok-
er would be thrown into some ob-
scure lime barrel by an inquisitive
carpenter, and an hour lost in re-
claiming it. Tools, supers, hives —
everthing misplaced.

"Next week," "next week," we will
have a bee-house, an extractor, and
everything would go fine; so I was
mollified again and cooled down
from a temperatuire nearly 200
to no, and not until the season
had practically passed did I realize
that my season's work for my wealthy
employer was lost, and only by stren-
uous night work was I able to keep
my own stock in condition, which I
fortunately kept at my home. One
colony produced ninety pounds of
honey, and had these bees been han-
dled as I desired, there is no reason
to doubt that a good crop could have
been secured.

These bees are now in fine condi-
tion for winter, well packed, and I
wonder, as I try to keep the smoke of
my endless fire from making me
weep as I write, "who will be the next
lucky man," as they say at the fairs.

I cannot tell you of the exasperat-
ing experiences I have had in han-
dling this small bunch of bees — of the
painful sensation of utter helplessness
that came over me at times when I
realized that ultimate failure was
staring me in the face, and yet I
could not throw up my contract. I
disliked to acknowledge defeat^ when
I was powerless to prevent it. 1
could write a volume on my experi-
ence this summer, and, after all, I
never met a finer gentleman, a more
kindly disposed man, cheerful, gen-
erous and broad-minded, but not a

January,

bee man. Do you. Mister Man, realize
that Mrs. Bee will wait for no man,
for she knows that winter waits for
no one, and you must anticipate her
wants and needs or you will come to
grief, as did your friend.

I heard an old darkey sing a song
when I was quite a boy, each stanza
ending with these words "The bogey
man will get you if you don't watch
out."

(The foregoing letter to the editor
is published because of the excellent
lesson upon the necessity for prepara-
tion which it teaches us. We sympa-
thize with our correspondent, — Ed.)

TREATMENT OF FOUL BROOD.

By J. E. Johnson.

ON PAGE 246 Mr. Hewitt gives
some valuable points on foul
brood, informing us that he is
the discoverer of the plan of treating
the disease usually spoken of as the
McEvoy plan. Such being the case, we
certainly are greatly indebted to Mr.
Hewitt. But, by reading further, we
find he makes the following unwar-
ranted statement: "This is the only
cure that will ever cure foul brood
except heat." Also he says, when
comparing strawberry seeds to the
bacilli and spores of foul brood:
"Just fancy he was able to kill the^
plant with some kind of gas or other
nostrum, how would he kill the
seeds?" If I understand correctly,
Mr. Hewitt's plan is not a cure at
all. The bees are simply separate'
from the diseased combs, hive an
brood, then the disease is destroye
by heat, and when bees have used al
honey in comb-building, the nex
brood will not be near any germs an
spores, consequently free from dis-
ease.

In olden times, when the blacb
plague nearly depopulated whol
cities, those who had not contracted
the disease simply fled, after having
set fire to the city, and as both the
dead people and buildings had been
consumed by fire, the disease was
stamped out. As I understand it, the
•Hewitt or McEvoy plan is somewhat
on that order.

Because Mr. Hewitt has not been

)05. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. g

iccessful with gas in disinfecting stove and by starting a fire and giv-
les not in any way prove that it can ing a steady draft it will burn, but if
Dt be, nor will ever be done. It you then close the stove air-tight, the
lerely proves his non-success. fire will very quickly go out. Why?

In Chicago alone there has been Because fire depends upon a union of
/er a dozen cases of smallpox this the fuel burned with the oxygen of
;ar, besides many cases of other in- the air. Fire is the product of oxygen
ctious diseases, but it was prevent- united with the fuel, and you cannot
i from spreading, just for the simple even burn a pine shaving without oxy-
■ason that gas does kill the seeds or S^^- It would be just as reasonable
)ores of disease germs, when prop- to expect the fire to burn steadily m
ly applied. This has been proven an air-tight stove by occasionally lift-
;yond doubt. If it were not so, the i"g the lid and giving a puff with your
ipid interminghng of people by hat and closing air-tight again, as
odern modes of travel would soon to expect a steady forming of formic
luse fearful epidemics over the acid in all parts of the tank by a sim-
hole world. But happily for us, as ilar action.

ion as any one is found to have an It is just as necessary to have a
factious disease, the law says the steady flow of oxygen to unite with
Duse must be quarantined, and when formaldehyde to produce formic acid
le patient is either dead or recover- as it is to have a constant flow of
1, the room is disinfected and pro- oxygen to unite with the fuel in your
^^nced safe and free from all dan- stove to make the fire burn; only that
ir of disease, and people continue to oxygen is much more active in a high
ccupy those same rooms without temperature and is not needed nearly
mger. A physician will visit these so fast in producing formic acid as it
itients of smallpox or other infec- is in producing fire. The Ohio bee-
ous diseases and still mingle with keepers only proved their inability to
Kiety without danger of carrying use the gas properly. They never will
le disease, by the proper use of for- prove formaldehyde inefficient in kill-
aldehyde gas and other means; and ing either germs or spores, because its
; Bacillus alvei and its seeds are of value is firmly established as a germ
le same nature, they will succumb and spore destroyer, when properly

used.

As I said before, our laws compel
the quarantining of people or animals
having a contagious disease. Why
should not the law do the same in the
case of bees? If our government
ary. So, although w€ are greatly would apply the same rules and the
debted to Mr. Hewitt for his very same amount of energy to stamp out
iportant discovery, the time of dis- ^otil brood that it does smallpox, chol-
era and other diseases, then this foul
brood question would be rapidly set-
tled.
WilHamsfield, Ills., Dec. 8, 1904.

I the same treatment.
The man who invented the first
nt locked musket might have said
lat a flint-lock gun was the only
nd of a gun that would ever shoot;
it modern firearms prove the con

)veries is not yet ended. As I have
lid before, formaldehyde stands at
le head as an effective disinfectant,
"cause by uniting with the oxygen of
le air it produces formic acid, and
formaldehyde is of about the same
)ecific gravity as air, it will pene-
ate where air will. I say this not
n my own authority, but because
3me of the best authority in the
orld says so, and the non-success of
le air-tight tanks t-nds to prove this.
On page 208 Mr. O. C. Fuller says
; tried formaldehyde, using his
nks air-tight, but failed to get good
suits; then he raised the lid and
nned in the air with his hat, but still
iled. If you put some wood in a

COMB HONEY IN CUBA.

Something About It from the Pen of

One of the Most Extensive

Producers on the Island.

By C. E. Woodward.

DITOR HILL:— A reader of
your journal wishes to know
if comb honey can be produced
in Cuba satisfactorily. I answer,
yes. Comb honey can be produced in

E

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Tanuar

Cuba just as well as in the United ence with Punic bees for twelve yea

States and, in fact, much better than is so different to what Prof Bentc

in Florida, and can be kept just as says they are, that I feel sure the

long; in fact, it is produced both must be either some very great mi

summer and winter, and constant and take, or there is something unde

expensive vigilance is not required neath the surface that I know not

here in Cuba as it is in Florida. ing of.

I have kept comb honey here the I see you say, on page 213 "th

year round and had no "weeping" or they have been active honey gathere

sweating from it ^vhatever. In regard and have been, under all circur

to producmg a hne class of comb stances, very gentle and amiabh

honey in Cuba, I will say that it all Surely this does not confirm Pre

Ifrl Th fi T"^""';, 7^^ "^T Benton's statement on page 204, th

care, the finer the product, and let they are "spiteful stingers, as vi

ron.f':. 'h^ '•'■' r^u' ,^h^" the dictive as the worst race known."

honey producers m Cuba learn this, a t i. -j t ,

then the desired results will be accom- , ^^ ^ , ^^ ^^'°' ^ "^^e kept Puni

plished. fo.^ twelve years, and my experien

1 have taken 400 pounds of first- "^'^^ ^^^'^ '^ ^^ follows:
class comb honey from a colony in ^- Their temper. — I have nev

a single season. My comb honey is found them more irritable than ai

sold in Havana for ten cents per other kind of bee. I have always be^

pound. This is what I get for it in able to handle them well and comfoi'

gold, laid down there. ably; in fact, my experience has bc'

Remember, as a rule, when you are that they are less irritable than sor

producing a fancy class of comb hon- kinds I have had to do with, especi;

ey, you are simply catering to the ly the Ligurian, which I found a mc

users of luxuries. Wealthy and savage race.

stylish customers will have a fine 2. Wintering.— I never found a.

article at any price A little intelli- race winter better and wanting le

gence will prove this. See that not attention and care than Punic be.

one pound of comb honey leaves They require less covering and sta

your apiary that is not in first-class ^^^ ^ ^f this climate admirab

shape. A successful apiarist will
look well to this point. Grade all
the honey honestly. Above all, I be-
seech you, let taste and neatness be
your leading star.

keeping perfectly healthy and kee
ing their hives clean and dry.

3. They are proof against fc
brood. I have not had a single ca
of disease since I began to keep th
race. I have on more than one occ
sion given a swarm to friends who
hives were infected throughout wi
foul brood, which they put in the
An English Clergyman Who Has apiaries and not a single swarm

gave took the disease.

I was much struck by the fact th
an "expert" of the British Bee-Kee
ers' Association, who had "laug
at," "scoffed at" and "ridiculed" r
apiary of Punic bees, for at least t\
years, when on his rounds visitii
this district, entered an apiary bad
infected with foul brood, and he sa

EDITOR AMERICAN BEE- to the owner: "You have the disea
KEEPER:— I notice a long arti- badly here. All your hives ha^
cle by Prof. Frank Benton in it except one, and this one is healtl
your October issue, and I am not a and strong, and these appear to be^
little surprised at some of his state- different kind of bee. Can you a|
ments. I scarcely know how to ex- count for this?" And the owner rj
press my astonishment at the state- plied, "Oh, yes; those are M
ments I refer to, because my experi- Kempe's kind of bees. They are

Matanzas, Cuba, Nov. 25, 1904.

PUNIC BEES AGAIN.

Kept Funics for Twelve Years,
Disagrees Emphatically with Prof.
Benton.

By Rev. J. A. Kempe,

Vicar of the Parish of S. Veryan,

Cornwall.

EXTRACTING UNSEALED

.^905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. il

6 grand lot. They never get foul straightforward dealings). He is quite
Dt srood." ^s much a stranger to me as Prof.

Il This expert came and called on Frank Benton, and I would not have
a ne and we had a long talk together, written this at all, only I feel it is-
li md before he left he ordered five my duty to bear testimony to the
ifl swarms (which he took away on his truth as I have found it in my twelve
bicycle a few days later) to put in years' experience, and to stand up for
-other infected apiaries in his district, my dear little friends, the "Punic bees."
He found my statement true as to I can never sit still and hear them
foul brood and he asked if I would "ridiculed" and "spoken evil of," as
supply him with twenty or thirty they do not deserve it, for they have
swarms the next season; and he told been good, faithful and valuable to
ime later that he had ordered and ob- me, and I verily believe they will be
•tained queens of Mr. Hewitt, as I ot the same value to any other bee-
advised him, and that he was more keeper who gives them a fair and hon-
than pleased with these Funics. He est trial.
was quite converted. Cornwall, England, Nov. 14, 1904.

4. Honey Gatherers.— They are
grand workers and will be out, busy,
very early and late, and even in misty,
dull weather, when other bees will HONEY,

not venture outside their entrance; ^

and this refers to honey gathering in

sections, supers or for extracting. gy p^.^^ ^ Parker.

I have never had, in all my experi-
?nce a single crate of sections or a -ir wR. EDITOR:— I read with much
super injured in any way by bee IWI interest the article by Mr. O. O.
glue." I have been a great exhibitor xtj. poppig^on in your September
for many years in large county [^^^^Q^ entitled "A Popular Fallacy."
shows, in the Royal shovvs of all -p^ ^^ ^{^^ this question of extract-
England, in colonial exhibitions; and j^^g honey before it is entirely sealed
I consider my exhibits have been j^^ ^^ some extent, a question of lo-
judged at these shows by first-class ^ality.

eminent judges, and I have taken a j know nothing of the conditions

great many first prizes^ and medals, governing the production of honey

beating many "experts" in leading j^^ q^^^ ^^^^ Florida, except what I

shows, which, I think, proves (lar ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ northern Santa Bar-

, better than pages of correspondence) ^^^.^ county, California, and in Ivan-

that these "poor despised Funics are j^^^ county, Nevada, honey could not

a grand race of bees, which do their |^^ -j^^^. ^^ ^■^^^ j^j^^g ^^^^jl sealed with-

work well, and are in every way an ^^^^ materially lessening the output,

advantage and benefit to a bee- -^^^ ^^ly jg ^j-^jg ^rue, but the quality

keeper. . of honey would not be improved. In

5. Swarming.— In a large apiary, ^^^^ ^.1^^^^ localities, the flow often
like mine, I have found, as a rule, that (,Qj^es o^ quick, and it behooves the
about one for two at the most) out of apiarist to make the most of it. In
the lot will have the "swarming fever Lo^pac, Cal., I practice starting the
md throw five, six and even seven extractor when the combs are sealed
;warms and hatch several _ dozen ^^1^^^^ to the middle, or one-half of
queens; but the large majority will ^■^^ surface of the comb. This honey
take readily to their supers (sec- j^ ^■^^^ allowed to stand in the three-
tional or otherwise) and give a ^^^ canvas-covered tank and evapo-
?oodly harvest. I have taken as ^^^^ until it attains the proper con-
much as 185 (one hundred and eighty- gigtency. In most cases the bees
five) pounds of comb honey from one .^^ould occupy from three to five days
hive, gathered in twenty-seven clear ^^ complete sealing these combs
'days. That I am contented with. There is where the gain comes from.

I do not know Mr. Hewitt person- The honey can ripen just as well in
illy (although I deal with him in the tank as in the hive, and the ma-
Punic bees, and can most highly rec- jority of the bees are not compelled
ommend him for his honest and to lay idle, or resort to the brood

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Januar

combs, to tiiid room to store the
honey.

Mr. Poppleton says that "nearly or
quite nine-tenths of all loss of weight
caused by curing of newly gathered
honey in the hive occurs during the
first twelve or fifteen hours after it
is first deposited in the hives." This
■being true, I see no reason in leav-
ing the honey on the hives several
days longer, thus limitin-r the stor-
age capacity of the hive, just to al-
low the honey to lose the one-tenth
in weight necessary to thoroughly
ripen. Why not extract it and allow
the honey to ripen in the tank, thus
giving the bees room to work? I am
not arguing for the extraction of hon-
ey before it is all sealed in localities
with which I am unfamiliar, but I
maintain that in northern Santa Bar-
bara county, Cal., a bee-keeper would
lose one-third of his yield and have
no better or more salable honey by
waiting until all the honey is sealed.
I make it a practice to case no honey
that weighs less than twelve pounds
to the gallon, and so far as I know,
no customer has ever complained of
the quality, but many have been the
compliments I received regarding the
color, body and flavor of my honey.
I had some experience this year help-
ing extract honey in the apiary of Mr.
J. F. Aitken, an extensive bee-keeper
of Reno, Nevada. Owing to a rush in
the comb honey business, this honey
was left on the hives until it was en-
tirely sealed and ripened. The result
was that about one-tenth of the new
combs were destroyed in the extrac-
tor, and we were very careful,
often not throwing out two-thirds of
the honey. The frames were the
Langstroth, and were fully wired.
Alfalfa honey is very heavy-bodied,
and in a warm, dry climate, like Ivan-
hoe county, Nev., one should start
extracting when one-third of the hon-
ey is sealed, and allow it to finish
ripening in the tank.

This extracting of honey before it
is entirely sealed is a common prac-
tice in portions of the West, and the
fact that our honey is always in de-
mand and commands a good price is
evidence that it is a good article. The
extracting and sale of unripe honey is
not to be defended, and will react,
boomerang-like, against the man
practicing it; for he is not likely to

sell this quality of honey twice to tt
same purchaser. But the extractin
of partially sealed honey, allowing
to ripen in a tank, is another propc
sition. That is a scientific proces
and I would not encourage the novic
to attempt it; but the expert who use
this method and thus increases h
j'ield is to be commended. He is nc
an "unscrupulous person," but a lei
el-headed business man.

A man should study the conditior
of his own locality and practic
methods that will bring him t\
largest yield of good honey, but 1:
should not make the mistake of a;
suming that his plan is a general prii
ciple applicable to all localities alik

Wadsworth, Nev., Oct. i8, 1904.

Our correspondent is correct, i
that the "extracting of honey befoj
it is sealed is to some extent a ma
ter of locality." However, we thir
that Mr. Poppleton has never rc'
ommended the practice of .leaviri
honey upon the hive until sealed. Ui
der certain conditions honey may 1
in excellent condition to extract whc
but slightly sealed, while under othi
circumstances certain kinds of hone
that is entirely sealed will not kee
M-ell. These are points with whi(
the expert is familiar, but not unde
stood by the inexperienced. Expe
skill in handling extracted honey
not so important in the arid West :
it is in most other localities. Cond
tions there naturally take care of tl
honey under almost any and all ci
cumstances. Not so, however, i
many other places. — Editor.

SWARTHMORE DEMONSTRA-
TION

Before the Pennsylvania Conventioi

By our own Special Correspondent.

IN HIS REMARKS before the Pent
sylvania State Bee-Keepers' Assc
ciation, at its annual meeting hel
in Harrisburg, December 6 to 7, E. I
Pratt, of Swarthmore, said:

"I have been asked to prepare
paper on some queen-rearing subjet
for this convention, and I think I ca
not do better than to give a brief e?
planation and demonstration of tb

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

13

queen-rearing appliances we have
used in Swarthmore with so much
success and satisfaction.

"When I first entered the queen-
rearing field the laborious methods
employed quite discouraged me. To
continue in the business I must needs
hire help or devise means to reduce
labor. The latter I set out to do, and
the things here before you are the
results of my efforts."

Both the old and the more recent
queen-rearing methods were briefly
reviewed and the necessity for a sep-
arable and easily removable queen
cell was clearly shown. To avoid the
delicate surgical operations, we were
compelled to perform by old methods
(previous to the emerging of the
young queens), a wooden cup is now
used.

The top application of the
"Swarthmore" pressed queen cups
was explained and the many labor-
saving points of a flange cup were set
forth by demonstration.

The process of waxing the cups,
pressing the cells and grafting them
without royal jelly was gone through
with and numerous questions from the
floor were answered. The use of the
Swarthmore open-top holding-frames
and the manner of applying cell-bars,
incubating and confining cages to
them through slits in the sheets, from
the tops of the hives, without dis-
turbance to the bees, was also dem-
onstrated, and the simplicity and la-
bor-saving points of each carefully
set out.

The speaker then branched into the
wholesale possibilities of the Swarth-
more plan, showing how large num-
bers of queen cells may be secured
and cared for.

A number of small .cups, set side
by side in a little frame, so as to
resemble a coinb in which the breed-
ing queen will deposit eggs to save
the long process of grafting by hand,
attracted considerable attention and
brought forth much comment and
many questions. It was shown how
these little cups, each containing an
tgg, could be drawn from the frame,
slipped into holding-shells and given
to the bees for queen-rearing, and
how other cups could be replaced in
the frame for future use in cell get-
ting.

Previous to his explanation of the

miniature mating boxes the speaker
quoted from his book, "Baby Nuclei,"
the following words of introduction:

"It was in 1881 that I first began to
experiment with section-box nuclei
for mating queens. Some three or four
years later the plan I had been com-
mercially successful with was pub-
lished in the journals of that day and
in pamphlet form, under the title of
"Pratt's New System of Nuclei Man-
agement." Never to this day have I
to any extent used more than a hand-
ful of bees in a little box for the sole
purpose of mating my queens. My
little baby mating boxes have been
condemned by nearly all the profes-
sionals, including Mr. Alley, in whose
yard I had the pleasure of studying
with profit for some three or four
seasons. In the face of all this oppo-
sition I have clung to my little mat-
ing boxes and have improved them
from year to year, until we now have
what is called the "Ideal." Time and
time again have I called attention to
the woeful waste of bees, labor and
material by the older mating meth-
ods— but I could get no hearing until
a recent year. It so happened that I
succeeded in mating a large number
of queens from my little boxes fitted
into frames and hung on stakes, also
attached in different ways to the
sides of hives. My description of
these experiments was admitted in
part to "Gleanings in Bee Culture,"
which renewed interest in small mat-
ing nuclei, and the question now
seems to command wide interest be-
cause of the wondrous saving in ex-
pense over any other method of
queen mating."

In opening the queen mating ques-
tion, the speaker said that twenty-five
bees will mate a queen. Fifty will do
it better, but more than a small tea-
cupful is a positive disadvantage. The
design of the Swarthmore mating nu-
cleus box was shown, and the manner
of hanging them to little T stands
driven into the ground together with
the manner employed to supply them
with small combs and storing them
with honey; also how bees are obtain-
ed and supplied in small lots to each
little mating box.

While on the question of queen
introduction, Mr. Pratt said: "It was
Mr. Doolittle who showed us how to
successfully introduce virgin queens

14

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

to confined and broodless bees; Mr.
Alley it was who taught us the use
of the tobaco pipe for the same pur-
pose, and it is hard for me to decide
which is the greater gift. Both are
golden."

"The folly of brushing the bees from
small mating boxes directly they had
mated a single queen is apparent,''
said the speaker, "when the same
bees can be made to mate queen after
queen, either by pre-introduction or
by giving ripe cells." When the sim-
ple manner of giving cells to baby
nuclei was demonstrated, applause
followed.

After going through the diflferent
means employed in quickly feeding
the babies with bulb and tube, or by
means of little bottles, Mr. Pratt
showed the convention how sub-
stantial bee hives are made by him
from paper at a cost of only a few
cents per hive, and a little labor; at
the close of which a standing vote of
thanks was given to "Swarthmore"
for his interesting talk.

At the close of his remarks. Prof.
H. A. Surface, M. S., Economic Zo-
ologist in the Pennsylvania State De-
partment of Agriculture, at Harris-
burg, and president of the Pennsyl-
vania State Bee-keepers' Association,
paid "Swarthmore" a most glowing
tribute.

The private secretary of Governor
Pennypacker said he had come to the
meeting for the purpose of conveying
the regrets of the Governor, who was
unable to attend, owing to pressure
of business of state; it had not been
his intention to stay more than a few
minutes, but the absorbing interest
of the topic had held him far beyond
the usual leave, and he would certain-
ly report to the Governor what he
had heard at this meeting.

ANOTHER VISIT FROM THE
DEACON'S GHOST.

Ah-h! Whewl

I thought you all never would set-
tle down quiet like so's I could chat
with yer. If you don't mind, I'll
drap inter . this chair and toast my
back afore your h'a'th.

Yas, T enjoy things about as T
uster, and this yere new smokin' is
powerful good. Jest shet that door,
will you? Night air is right cool.
I've been a ruminatin' some more on

January,

the foreign papers. They're odd
things, if you'd note 'em. The cir-
cumlocution is suthin' awful. Cir-
cum-lo-cu-tion — that's the word. The
scrapin' and bowin' and palavering
just as how they would make a chap
think he was some pumpkins, and
then crack, bang, goes the club on
your top.

Now, there is the Irish Bee Jour-
nal; got good stuff in it, but gol durn
it, it do be all a feller's patience is
wuth to read it. No wonder when poor
Pat opens his mouth with his pen that
he puts his foot into it a tryin' to cir-
cumlocute when he wants to fight.
Must be the fault of the editors, fori
them boys don't have any trouble in"
talking clear and straight in our pa-
pers.

Just see how ^lewitt and Spans-
wich have been a-sputtering. I
reckon it would help the boys to re-
member that discussors should be
like a pair of shears to cut what gets
between, and not each other.

Next time you drap a line to the I.
B. J. give 'em my respects. I opine
that if the editor continues to Digge
away as he has done, he'll work out
the high falutin' talk and get the boys
down to biz.

.Somnambulist, of the Progressive
does purty well for a peaky pusson
but it 'pears to me as how he'd do
well to wake up once in a spell and
catch up with the world. Gets dowr
to talking of things after we 'uns is
all thro'.

Did ye ever notice what a flock o
sheep you bee editors are? You
shouted, "A bee paper about bees; no
side shows." Then the Review hol-
lers, "Me too." Progressive quotes it
and the race is started. Reckon some
of 'em will have to start some excuse?
or drop their fads, and I'm gwine tc
bet they won't do that ere, 'cause
them side shows pays. Whole heap
o' folks be mighty stuck on sich truck
and the more loud prayers in public
places, the better it fits 'em. Birds
of a feather flocks in a bunch, O ye
Scribes and Parasites.

What d' ye reckon will be the next
fad in bee-keepin'? It's beyond me.
I think I'm a pretty middling good
guesser, but I won't tackle that. But
one thing I'll tell yer that yer can
be sure on. It'll be a payin' biz for
others than them as keeps the bees.

Sleepy, be yer? Well, I flit.

Ah-h-h-h.

r

ANOTHER VISIT FROM THE DEACON'S GHOST.

lO

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

January,

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

^»M M MM t ♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦♦♦ tMM4IM»MMMMMMM»M»»

GERMANY.

"The dififerent localities around
Darnstadt," says Dickel in 111. Bztg.,
"vary greatly as to furnishing forage
for bees; some are exceedingly good,
while others in nearest proximity are
so poor that bees cannot successfullj^
be kept without liberal feeding with
sugar." He uses granulated sugar as
the best and most economical sub-
stitute.

sorbent. Straw skeps that have
served a long term of years are so
coated with bee glue as to prevent all
ventilation, and ought to be provided
with upward ventilation like other
hives. — Wuerth in "Die Biene."

H. Mulot criticises the reports of
eggs being transferred by workers
which have made their appearance
from time to time in different bee pa-
pers. All such reports have lacked
proof, he says, and it is his opinion
after long and careful watchfulness
that bees do not move eggs to other
combs, and that it is a physical im-
possibility for them to do so, and
says no mortal has ever witnessed
such an act. — 111. Bztg.

Some time ago Dr. Miller, in Amer-
ican Bee Journal, mentioned the
comb foundation with a tinfoil base
sent out by Schulze, a noted German
foundation manufacturer. Knack says
in 111. Bztg. that bee-keepers in Ger-
many have not found foundation with
metal base a success, but asserts that
Schulze's foundation with veneer base
is quickly accepted by the bees and
that the queen does not hesitate to
fill combs of that kind with eggs, al-
though the so constructed combs have
flat-bottom cells.

The disposition of an unprofitable ji
colony to store honey may be materi- IJ
ally increased by giving them several ' *
cards of hatching brood from an in-
dustrious hive, says Wuerth.

The progress apiculture has made
during the last period of years is
mainly due to the movable comb, but
it should not be forgotten that this
great invention is, or should be, only
an auxiliary for the accomplishment
of certain ends. Combs should be left
undisturbed except when strictly nec-
essary. It means a loss to the bees
and bee-keeper every time the latter
interferes witn the former's affairs.
The conditions of a colony may often
be correctly judged from the behavior
at the entrance. "Always observe,
seldom operate," should be the bee-
keeper's motto. — Schleswig-Holst.
Bztg.

In the same paper Gosh says that
in certain parts of Germany the
spruce forests have yielded immense
quantities of honey the past season,
enabling single colonies to store lOO
pounds of honey (honey dew). The
color of this honey is inclined to be
green.

Ventilation is an essential condi-
tion to successful wintering of the
honeybee. Not only should the en-
trances be left open (2i/^x8 ctm.),
but upward ventilation through pack-
ing above should be secured. It
would, however, be unwise to fill out
an upper story completely with ab-

Five thousand worker larvae just
hatched weigh one gram. When
grown, eleven of them weigh two
gram. They thus have increased their
weight nine hundred fold inside of
five days. A queen bee larva increases
more than double this amount. —
Schleswig-Holst. Bztg.

fpp5. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. I7

SI AM. the professional bee-keeper: "Large

, brood combs, accessible from the top

As reported in the Lahrer Missions and rear, removable supers for sur-

blatt, Siam abounds with honey and plus honey." (The American hives

bees (apis dorsata). In America it is pretty nearly meet these demands.)

difficult to find bee trees, but here the

lUge combs are seen hanging from ^ ^^j^ describes a new honey se-
the limbs of large forest trees. We ^^^^-^^^ pj^n^ jn Bienenvater; same
:ounted forty of such on one smgle j^^jj^ ^^^^ ^^^^.^j^ ^j^j^^^ ^^^ So^^l^
:ree. The native bee-hunters secure giberia. It has spread from here and
;he honey by setting up bamboo poles j^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ -^^ ^^^^^ tropical coun-
•eaching to the nests. With a lighted ^^^^^ r^^^ bloom does not appear till
:orch in hand they climb up, drive j^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^-^^ growth (4
:he bees away, and secure the honey. ^^ ^ ^^^^^^ 5^^^^ ^^^^ -^^^ ^^ p^^.
We bought one of the combs, which ^^^^^^ blooming plants August 10.
A^as half-moon shaped, three teet -q^^^^ constantly covered with bees,
ong and one foot wide. We also ^^^ lasting till frost. The plant
nought some small pieces of comb tor i^j-j^^ches out somewhat like the blue
)ur attendants, who were very anxious ^^.^^^^ (Echium vulgare). The bo-
or them. These combs contained sorne ^^^^-^^j ^^^^ -^ "Leonurus Sibivicus
,'oung larvae and were greatly relish- ^„ ^^j^^ gleaner of this will try to
>d. The natives immersed them in ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^j^ pj^^^^ ^^^ ^^5^ j^
he liquid honey and thus ate them.— ^^^^^ season, and report.)
^eipz. Bztg.

SWITZERLAND. The last speaker at the great bee-

keepers' meeting held in Dornbirn

In a series of articles appearing in ^^^ Franz Gloessl, who reported the
;he Schw. Bztg., Prof. Burri makes condition of apiculture in Bosnia, the
mown the results of his investiga- extreme southern province of Aus-
;ions of foul brood. He says one cell ^j-ia bordering on Turkey. He said
nay contain many hundred million rational bee-keeping had made ad-
ipores, which in shape are oval. In yances only very recently. The mov-
act, the contents of a cell seem to able-comb hive had been introduced
lave changed to spores and nothing j^y ^^g immigrants from Germany,
;lse. From the summary I take the Hungary and Tivol. In 1899 he had
■oUowing: There are at least two organized a bee-keepers' society,
iistinct kinds of bacteria producing ^hich had at the end of the first year
bul brood; one, bacillus alvei, the eight hundred members, mostly
)ther so far unknown and difficult Xurks. The society soon] made an
;o cultivate, bacillus. The Professor appeal to the government and suc-
ilso speaks of a third but rather rare ceeded in receiving material grants.
)acillus of his discovery, wnich pro- Pqj. instance, no tax was to be levied
bees foul brood. As it seems, these q„ such hives as contained movable
)acilli are not yet named, but he not combs and removable supers. Bee-
)nly describes their nature but also keepers were furnished lumber gratis
jives a drawing of each, showing size £qj. constructing their hives. To fur-
ind shape. The bacillus alvei is the ^^^^ bee-keeping, soldiers and police-
argest — quite long. The second new ^nen were taught bee-keeping, etc.,
put common bacillus is the srnallest, ^j-jj y^ere urged to keep bees v^'^hen-
Homewhat egg-shaped. The third but gy^i- possible.

are bacillus is shaped like the previ-

5us one, but much larger, not as long

IS bacillus alvei, but more bulky. The iUKiViii.

Professor also claims that pickled ^^^ ^^^^^ j^.bids the Turk to kill

)rood always appears associated with '^^^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^,^^ f^, f^^d. They

oul brood, never alone. therefore do not kill bees to obtain

AUSTRIA t^^^i^ honey, and for that reason can
be easily induced to adopt movable

Deutsche Imker makes the follow- hives and modern bee-keeping. —

Ung demand on a bee hive suitable for Bienen Vater.

i8

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

January

.,U!d!!!i!l"!.H!JjMJJ)^

nearly all white clover. I will mak<
about $90 out of that, besides wha
we use ourselves. My best colom
made 120 pounds of fine honey
Please extend my subscription fo
1905 to The American Bee-Keeper
A merry Christmas to you all.

D. H. Zencker.

AN OLD STRAW SKEP.

Atlantic, Iowa, Dec. 6, 1904.
Friend H. E. Hill:

You ask in the December number
of The Bee-Keeper, "Where are the
straw skeps?" ' I have one whick I
had my broher hunt up for me in New
Jersey (my old home). It was a long
hunt and no skep, and he gave it up.
I wrote him where I had seen some
forty-five years ago. He went to that
place and one was found in one of
those large old stone houses that are
so common in that part of New Jer-
sey. The lady presented it to him
to send to me, remembering me
when a small boy. She is now about
ninety years of age, her father dying
thirty or thirty-five years ago, at
about her age at the present time.
She says it was in use when she was
a small girl. So you can figure its age
as well as I can. I have had it in use
for the last six years, it sends out
strong swarms every year and there
seems to be no spring dwindling in it.
I keep it in my yard in town, and it is
a great curiosity to the people that
pass by. I don't know of any skeps
in Iowa, except this one.

John Duflford.

THE SEASON lis MISSOURI.
Cecil, Mo., Dec. 8, 1904,
Editor Bee-Keeper:

The past season has been favorabl
for the production of fall honej
though too wet for a full crop fror
white clover. The sale of honey ha
been somewhat slow, at 10 to 12J
cents per pound for nice sectiom
Broken comb and extracted brin
eight to ten cents. Dull markets ai
our greatest drawback, as this se(
tion of the state is well adapted to tl
successful production of hone;
White clover, smartweed and Spanis
needle are the most ordinary of tt
sources which contribute to the suj
ply. It is but a few years since tl
abolition of the box hive with us, an
now nearly everyone has installed tl
movable-frame style and adopted tl
square section. I now have fifty co
onies in good condition.

John Ware.

CAN HARDLY WAIT.

Upperco, Md., Dec. 9, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I am very much interested in The
Bee-Keeper. I can hardly wait till
the time comes for it. I cared for ten
colonies through the winter of 1903-
4, and about half came out last spring
very weak; in fact, they went into the
winter rather weak. One hive espe-
cially did not have over a quart of
bees. In January the queen died. I
nursed them along as best I could
till spring. April ist I sent to J. B.
Case, one of your advertisers, and
got a five-banded Italian queen, and
introduced her, and they did very
well.

From my ten colonies last summer
I received 700 pounds of fine honey.

DOWN WITH SUGAR FEEDIN('
Buflfalo, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1904.

Friend Hill: I have just finish*
reading A. C. Miller's article in tl
December American Bee-Keeper.

Truly he has hit the keynote ar
I hope it will have influence to stc
the practice of feeding sugar syrt
to our bees. Every bee-keeper shoa
read it several times. I wish I
would do so some more.

Another baneful practice is that <
extracting nectar before it is ripei
ed by the bees. I find it hurts ot
business more than I can tell. Tl
Buflfalo grocery and commissic
houses are full of this stuff calle;
honey. An honest bee-keeper cann<i
compete with these brazen, audaciot
frauds. No language is too stror
to condemn the practice of feedin
sugar syrup and extracting before tl
bees seal their honey. It is the ruii
ation of our trade. I have no syn
pathy for these fellows.

J. W. Teflft,

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

19

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

THE W. T. FALCO^JER MANFG. Co.

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

According to Gleanings, there are
300,000 Russians keeping bees. It is
gratifying to know tnat they can keep
something — they won't keep peace.

W. K. Morrison, in Gleanings, says:
"There are some ideal locations for
bees >n the Bahamas, but life on a
coral reef is awfully lonely." Parisian
social conditions and desirable honey
localities are rarely found keeping
company.

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
posto£Sce.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for -publication or letters exclu-
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in bhir
wrapper will know that their subscription ex
pires with this number. We hope that yoii
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper inaicates tha'
you owe for your subscription. Please giv<
the matter your earliest attention.

The Root people have been experi-
menting with a device for extracting
wax by centrifugal force. It seems
the affair was not quite all that could
be desired. It will probably be a long
time before a better method than pres-
sure under steam is discovered.

The general manager's annual re-
port of the affairs of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association makes a most
creditable showing- for the organiza-
tion. Mr. France is the right man in
the right place, if one may base his
verdict upon the evidence presented
through the report; and we know of
no better evidence.

Dr. W. H. Ashmead, of the United
States National Museum, recommends
a change in the generic name of Apis
dorsata to Megapis dorsata. If the
doctor will prevail on our Uncle Sam-
uel to go fetch enough of these giant
East Indian bees to America to make
a thorough test of their merits on
American soil, we'll agree to call
them Megapis, or even Nutmegapis.

It is said that Illinois has 35,000
bee-keepers. Some of them are good
ones, too.

A quantity of matter recently sub-
mitted for publication, is found un-
available on account of its extreme
length. One, in fact, is too long for
McCIure's. It is not space-fillers that
we require. We always need short,
wholesome and pointed articles on
bee-keeping subjects. The least of
our trouble is space-filling. We pay
cash for good articles that meet these
requirements.

"Tincture of virus" is the word
used by chemists to designate bee
poison which is used in medicine. The
fellow to whom a dose is adminis-
tered in the end of the nose by a bee
I itself, usually has another name for it.

The Chicago-Northwestern con-
vention, recently held at Chicago,
fully sustained its well known reputa-
tion for "howling successes." If they do
nothing else, the Chicago-Northwest-
ern people always unite in proclaim-
ing each successive convention a

20 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January,

glorious success. Well, success, they Hutchinson, the reference to that
say, is the thing that succeeds. No "killing of damaging stories" has
wonder it is such a successful organi- rather a humorous side — when view-
zation. ed from the standpoint of the St

Louis convention. For a few days

One of our Northern subscribers, last September, St. Louis was a ver-

when sending in his renewal, sends itable hotbed of wide-eyed bee-men;

also the subscription of a neighbor most of the princes of the profession

bee-keeper, and says: "I will do all being there assembled in convention..

I can to help you double your sub- The heavy-weights of the apiarian

scription list this year." Many arena were about all in the ring, at

thanks! H each one had done the St. Louis. Even the big chief him-

same, the list would have been doubled self, surrounded by about two hun-

before the new year had started. Just dred armed warriors of the apiarian

one new subscriber from each, means tribe, trod the streets of St. Louis,

nearly three thousand new ones. Not only were the wise men from the

With such a list. The Bee-Keeper East there, but also those of the sev-

could introduce lots of improvements, eral other quarters of the earth. They

were there in person — not by proxy,

Every home that shelters an Amer- nor by mail, nor by telegraph. They

ican boy should receive the American pooled their aggregated wisdom and

Boy, the great boy's paper of Amer- sought to rectify one erroneous news-

ica. Good, wholesome and interest- paper statement of the order "Dam-

ing reading for boys is not so plenti- aging." They seem to have met uttei

ful as it should be. The American failure, however; for it appears that

Boy is a large, high-class monthly the statement was made actually

that will interest, instruct and inspire worse than before; and if it is being

your boy. We have arranged with copied yet, on the plan of the Wiley

the publishers to supply this great story, it is probably more damaging

boy's magazine to our readers, if in its paraphrased form than it wasi

taken in connection with The Amer- originally.

ican Bee-Keeper, a whole year for The problem which now looms up,
eighty-five cents. That is, if you will before us is: H all the big guns ir
send to us, at Falconer, N. Y., 85 beedom, personally assembled, can-
cents, we will send you both the not contrive to correct one damaging
American Boy and The American newspaper statement, how should oui
Bee-Keeper for a year. If you are general manager proceed in such cases
paid in advance, we will extend your with a prospect of earning his salary]

subscription to The Bee-Keeper

twelve months and send the American js^ BEE-KEEPERS' INSTITUTE.
Boy a whole year, beginning with the

next number following receipt of your ^ bee-keepers' institute will be

order. held at Canandaigua, N. Y., Jan. 9 and

10, 1905. General Manager France,

"The National Association should of the National Association, has been

devote more of its money and ener- engaged as a speaker for the occasion,

gies to advertising honey, prosecut- Business pertaining to the Ontario

ing adulterators and killing damaging County Bee-Keepers' Association will

stories." The foregoing is the cap- be transacted also. There are ro be

tion used over an excellent editorial tour sessions.

in the Bee-Keepers' Review, wherein

the importance of using a portion of WHAT DO YOU THINK?
the National's funds with a view to

extending consumption of honey, in- A West Indian subscriber compli

stead of lavishing the major portion ments The Bee-Keeper upon its se

upon the settlement of neighborhood lection of matter for publication. Sayi_

squabbles is set forth. he "does not believe in long-winded

Notwithstanding the real serious- articles," and that it is better to get

ness of the situation and the urgent immediately down to the point. i

demand for more active operations Another New York subscriber likei

along the lines designated by Editor The Bee-Keeper better than any othel"!

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

xe journal because it seeks to take
arc of the beginner, and says things
11 language that a novice can under-
hand.

We welcome these comments and
nvite free criticism from all our
caders. Their suggestions always
lave careful attention, because we
Icsire to make The Bee-Keeper of
nterest to the greatest possible num-
ler.

RECEIVES GOVERNMENT AP-
POINTMENT.

In the October number (page 214)
eference was made to the first Unit-
:d States Civil Service examination
n apiculture, and a list of the sub-
ects was given, with their relative
vcights. In the examination seven
rates were represented by a total of
welve applicants. Of these Miss Jes-
ie E. Marks, of New York, passed
vith the highest average, and has re-
cived the appointment, which carries

salary of $720 per annum.

]\Iiss Marks is a daughter of Mr.
\'. F. Marks, of Clifton Springs, New
I'nrk, well known for his work in the
iiganization of the New York bee-
leepers into county societies, affili-
ted with a strong State organization,
iis able work as Chairman of the
'Board of Directors of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association is also well
ccognized. Miss Marks has had
harge of her father's correspondence
or some years, and has also rendered
issistance in their home apiary, so
hat she will not be wholly unfamiliar
vith the duties of her new position,
she has already reported for duty at
he Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ngton, D. C.

THE NEW "A B C OF BEE CUL-
TURE."
The new and revisea edition of "A
B C of Bee Culture," bearing date of
,905, has just been issued from the
'iress of the publishers, The A. I. Root
"ompany, Medina, Ohio. In its some-
vhat enlarged and thoroughly revis-
d form, the "A B C" is a marvelous
ompilation of apiarian knowledge,
vhich no student of apiculture can
fford to overlook. Its title is, obvi-
aisly, a misnomer, and one which is
aisleading; for instead of being a bee-
eepers' primer, as implied by its
ame, it is a cyclopedia of scientific

and practical apiculture, containing
nearly five hundred splendidly illus-
trated pages.

One hundred thousand copies of
this book have been .issued, which
would entitle it to the claim of being
the most popular work on bee-keep-
ing in the world. A more appropri-
ate naine would doubtless result in
even much wider sale.

Editions in French and also in
Spanish are now in course of prepara-
tion. An exquisite edition de luxe,
full leather and embossed in gold, at
$2.00 a volume, will soon be issued.
Another binding, half leather, will be
on sale at $1.75; while the cloth, as
formerly, will be $1.20.

"MAY BE."

"May be" the reader knows of one,
two or three bee-keepers who are not
taking The Bee-Keeper.

"May be" they would be glad to
join our circle for 1905 if they knew
the paper and were asked to "come
in."

"Alay be" if they knew that $l
would pay for a three-year subscrip-
tion they would at once avail them-
selves of the offer.

"May be" you would not mind call-
ing their attention to the fact that
this is our fourteenth birthday, and
that we print each month a greater
quantity of bee-keeping matter than
any other monthly bee paper in
America; and that our contributors
represent the brightest and most suc-
cessful bee-keepers in all parts of the
world.

"May be" you do not appreciate the
extent of the service you would be
rendering your bee-keeping acquaint-
ances, The American Bee-Keeper and

yourself; for we should all profit
handsomely by such a course.

"May be" you will kindly keep this
in mind and lend a helping hand, as
suggested, when the opportunity is
offered.

We thank you in advance for your
good intentions, which are anticipat-
ed. We thank you sincerely. No
"May bes" about it.

The Jefferson County Bee-Keepers' Society
and New York State Association will hold
their meeting in the city hall, Watertown, N.
Y., January 17th and 18th. General Manager
N. E. France, of the National Association, and
other prominent bee-keepers are expected to
speak. Geo. B. Howe, Sec.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Kansas City, Mo., Dec. 9. — Supply of honey
is large, with fair demand. We look for a
better market after Christmas. We quote our
market today: Comb, $2.25; amber, $2.00; ex-
tracted, 6V^c. Beeswax, 30c.

C. C. Qemons & Co.

New York, Dec. 10.— The supply of all
grades of honey is plentiful. The demand is
rather slack. We quote today: Comb, 10 to
15c. Extracted, SVoc. Beeswax, 29c.

Hildreth & Segelge.i.

Chicago, Dec. 7. — The market is well sup-
plied with all kinds of honey. Demand is
light. Fancy comb brings 14c., but quality
as well as appearance is necessary. No. 1
sells at IZyi to 13c. Off grades difficult to move
at 1 to 3c. less. Extracted, choice white, 7
to 7%c. ; amber, 6 to 7c., with off grades about
Si/^c. per pound. Beeswax, 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 So Water St.

Boston, Nov., 19. — Recent heavy arrivals, to-
gether with very low quotations from some
other markets, have had a tendency to weaken
our market. We quote: Fancy No. 1, 15c.;
No. 2, 14c. ; with ample stock. Absolutely no
call for buckwheat. Extracted honey, 6 to 8c.
Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

Cincinnati, Dec. 10. — The demand foP honey
at present is not good, owing to the ap-
proach of the holidays, when too many sweets
are found on the market. On the other hand,
the trade is well supplied with comb honey,
that will require a length of time to be con-
sumed. Are offering extracted white clover
honey, in barrels and cans, at 6V2 to 8i/^c.
Amber, 5 3-4 to 654c. Fancy comb honey,
121/^ to 14c. Beeswax, 29 and 30c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

51 Walnut St.

"The American Boy"

IVIAQAZINE

The Biggest, Brightest, Best Boys' Maga-
zine in the World.

BOrs LIKE IT BECA USE IT TREA TS

of everviliing Boys a> e Interested in

and in ike Way that Interests

Them.

PARENTS LIKE IT

and their boys like to have it, because of its
pure and manly tone and the high character
of its contents. It is the only successful at-
tempt to chain a boy's interest and give him
the kind of reading matter that he wants
served to him in such a way as to stir his
ambition, uplift and inspire him. Boys want
reading matter as much as "grown-ups" if
they can get the right kind. If parents sup-
ply them the wishy-washy kind, or none at
all, they usually manage to get the kind they
oughtn't to have, and boy-bandits and would-
be "Deadwood Dicks" are the result.
YOUR BOY WILL LIKE
"IHE AMERICAN BOY"
and you will like him to have it, for it is in"
teresting, instructive, and educative. Au"
thorities pronounce it the ideal boys' maga"
zine. It has been a tremendous success, gain"
ing nearly 125, QUO .subscriptions in four years>
and the parents of our subscribers say it de-
serves a million more. As one parent writes:
"/« my opiition TH P. AMERICAN
BOY works a tivo-/old purpose. It
makes a man out 0/ a hoy, and it makes
a boy out 0/ a full-grown man."
No publication for young people is paying
so much money for high-class literary matter
for its readers as is "The American Boy."

IT IS PlJBLrSHING

KIRK MUNROE'S NEW $1,000.00 STORY

Subscrlotion Price of "Tlie American Boy"

( 1 Year ) = - = - = $1.00
Subscription Price of American Bee-Keeper .50

Total - $1.50
Both for Only = - = = = .85
Address
American Bee-Keeper, Falconer, N, Y.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

yHE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
1 Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
plover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
ind Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
or circular.

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDi.sA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

3UEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
;1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
inest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
.^. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

I AVVRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113,
L- PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
he popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

-^ H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO,
■>' (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
olden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan

lueens, bred from select mothers in separate

"ipiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
has greatly enlarged and improved his
:iueen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Car-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's
?olden ; all selects. Carniolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

QUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
1 few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

V\r J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
' ' • breeder of choice Italian Bees and
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

CVVxXRTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
'-' MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
quaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS? If
'' so I can furnish you queens of the follow-
inging races by return mail: Three- and five-
banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Carni-
olans and Albinos. Untested of either race,
75c. each; select untested, $1.00 each; six for
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either race,
$2.00 each; six for 10.00; one dozen, $18.00;
Breeders, $4.50 each. Safe arrival guaranteed.
B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas. Aug. 5

WZ. HUTCHINSON, FLINT. MICH.
Superior stock queens, $1.50 each;
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year for
only $2.00.

U/ W. GARY & SON, LYONVILLE,
MASS., Breeder of choice Italian bees
and queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalog and price list free.

\\l\ GORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free 'o ail.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky. 4

p UNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
' carded after trial of these w^-nderful bees.
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & Co.,
Sheffield, England. 4

IJONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
Thos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

^~ Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._j^

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCER
ASS'N, 1440 Market St, Denver, Colo.

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South Wat
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

Cent='a=Word Column.

SHAKERS' TOBACCO TABLETS— Placed
in the mouth, stop desire for tobacco. Harm-
less, yet eflfective. Impossible to want to-
bacco while using them. Makes quitting easy
and sure. Complete cure, $1.00. Satisfaction
guaranteed or money returned. Shaker
Chemical Co., Station "F," Cincinnati, Ohio.

"INCREASE" is the title of a little book-
let by Swarthmore; tells how to make up
winter losses without much labor and with-
out breaking up full colonies; entirely new
plan. 25 cents. Prospectus free. Address
E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore. Pa. 7-tf

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost ?150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for J25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

POSITION WANTED-Any bee-keeper de-
siring assistance for season of 19(^, please
address, J. W. TeflFt, 56 Woodlawn Ave.,
Bufifalo. N. Y.

t QUEENS AND BEES

Bee=Keepers' CIul

Modern Farmer, one year,
Silk Front Bee Veil, - -
Gleanings in Bee Culture,

one year, . - -

Langstroth on Honey Bee,
American Bee Journal,

new only, . . -

.50
.50

1.00
1.20

1.00

$4.20

All of the Above only $2.50

First two $.50; first three, $1.25; fir
four, $2.10.

New subscribers for the A. B. J. cs
subst tute it for Gleanings if they wis
Renewals for the A. B J add 40c mo
to any club. Western Bee Journal a
be substituted for either bee paper. J
changes will be made in these offers.

Write for other clubbing offers.

MODERN FARMEl

The Clean Farm Paper
ST. JOSEPH, = - - MISSOURI

-f»^

TIave you ever tried my Queens? If not. I should be glad to
have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS IMOXEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PE RPECT SATISFACTION.

I have three-banded. Italians, Golden.s, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Land.s and Albinos. Untested of eitlier race, 75 cents each.
Tested. .$1..50 each. Breeders, $.3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nuclei a specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-.5tf

^» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ M ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦^ ^»^V-f> »♦♦»■

The Bee=Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

Opportunities for making money out of
bee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
keeper with a single apiary, from which he
makes a living in a good year, and nothing in
a poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

secure a good location, if not already in pos-
session of one, adopt such methods as will en-
able him to branch out and manage several
apiaries, he will find that in a good year he can

Pile up Honey

ton upon ton — enough to support himself and
family for several years. The Review is help-
ing bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

in making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ing of a good location; and the Review even
goes so far as to discover anu make known
desirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
that of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
able strain; and, having had years of experi-
ence with all the leading varieties of bees, the
editor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
his readers where to get the best stock. Still
further, the Review tciis how to make

Rapid Increase,

how to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
single season, into an apiary of 100 or more
colonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
keeper must learn how to manage them so as
to be able to establish an out-apiary here, and
another there, and care for them with weekly
visits — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
when extracted honey is produced. It is in
teaching bee-keepers how to thus

Control Svrarming,

that the Review has been, and is still, doing
its best work. If a man only knows how, he
can care for several apiaries now as easily as
he once cared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the next
step is that of selling it. This is the most
neglected, yet

The Most Important Problem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, and
one that the Review is working the hardest to
solve. So many men work hard all summer,
produce a good crop, and then almost give it
away. The Review is trying to put a stop to
this "giving it away." It is showing, by the
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepers,
how the leisure months may be employed in
selling honey at prices that some of us would
call exorbitant. The men who have done this
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actual,
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able to
secure, as correspondents, men who have scat-
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them with
little or no help and made money. These men
are able to write from actual experience — they
know how they have succeeded, and can tell
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-keep-
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't afford
not to

Read The Reviexir.

It will lead you and encourage you, and fill
you with ideas, and tell you how to do things
— show you how to enlarge your business and
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1.00 a
year; but, if you wish to become better ac-
quainted with it before subscribing,

Send Ten Cents

for three late, but different issues, and the ten
cents may apply on any suoscription sent in
during the year. A coupon will be sent en-
titling you to the Review one year for only
90 cents.

W.Z. HUTCHINSON

lO-tf

FLINT, MICHIGAN

Preparation For
Winter,

And the wintering problem,
are the subjects under dis-
cussion in the Current Num-
bers of THE RURAL BEE
KEEPER.

Big Discount on early orders,
write for sample copies, and
send IOC for 3 late numbers.

W. H. PUTNAM,
River Falls, = = Wis.

Fifty Dollars in Gold for Three
Cents.

Send us on a postal card Ike address of ten
farmers. . We will send each a copy of the
"Agricultural Epitomist" and solicit their
subscription. We will send you the paper
three months free for your trouble.

To the person sending the best list of names
we will present $25.00 in gold; 2nd best, $15.00;
£rd best, $10.00.

We will keep an accurate record of the num-
ber of subscribers we secure out of each list
and the persons from whose lists we secure
the greatest number subsribers by March 15,
1905, will receive above prizes. In case three
ot more lists produce equal results we reserve
the right to divide the fifty dollars equally be-
tween them.

Remember — Send just ten names from one
I'. O. Do not send names of children or peo-
ple not interested in farming. We give away
j the $50.00 in order to get select lists and you
I cannot get your share of it unless you
I chose the names carefully.

The "Agricultural Epitomist" is the only

I agricultural paper edited and printed on a

farm. Our six hundred and fifty acres are de-

voted to practical apiculture and fine stock

I and we are offering hundreds of thoroughbred

I pigs" and fancy poultry as premiums for sub-

I scription work. A pig or a trio of poultry easy

to get imder our plan. Write for particulars.

I AGRICULTURAL EPITOMIST,

i Spencer, Ind.

National Bee-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure;

A Boca
For

Poiilti!:KeerfB

How we make our hens pay 400 '
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keeperc' Acc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses eve:- month for one year. Worth 25
cts, sent to you for lie. if you will send names of 5
poultry keepers wlthyour order; Address,
Q. H. VIBBERT. P.B. 56, Clintonville. Conn.

Prepares for Examination

The Home Study Magazine is a large monthly Journal of Instruction. It contains the
ANSWERS TO ALL EXAMINATION OL ESTIONS GIVEN BY THE C-UNTY AND
STATE SUPERINTENDENTS DURING~THE YEAR, besides DRILLS and OUT-
LINES IN ALL THE BRANCHES IN WHICH TEACHERS ARE REQUIRED TO
WRITE FOR CERTIFICATES. It prepares for all grades of certificates. Special helps in
music, drawing, literature. Helps in the common branches a specialty. The

HOME STUDY MAGAZINE

is edited by a board of professors and superintendents who have had years of experience in
preparing teachers and stuuents for examinations, in all public school and college branches.
The magazine will be sent to you

THREE MONTHS FOR TEN CENTS
for a three

Send us five two-cent stamps or a silver dime
subscription price is $1.00 a year.

months' trial.
Address

The regular

HOME STUDY .WUAZINE, Des Moines, Iowa

J

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-
ry family

-^^^~"^^^^^^^ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for i Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = E NTUCKY

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Marli the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. SoM
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for boolvlet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yotu the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

hi

aLLGWEIX ON E/VRLY ORDERS FOR

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

IK IN NBED

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do busiue.ss

on the cash basi.s, in selling or haying

Full Stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goads at their factory prices.

SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

G. H^W^WIBEF^,

^2146.48 Central Ave,
cmeiNNATI, OHIO.

DON'T KILL

YOURSELF, WASHING tmi

WAY. BUT BUY AM B M P I R Bfl

fraiUtt XBoman •an do euk or-
dinary v)athimg in oim howr,
withovtt toettint h*r handt.
SampU atvihoUtc^Pric: Batisfaotion GtiarantBed.
J^onav unM trt4d. Wr\te/or RluttraUd Caialogn*
mndprieet of WrifKgtrt, Ironing Tabltt, Clothe* ReiU,
DryinoBart, WagonJcusks.Se. ArentgWanted. Lib-
•ralTermi. QniekSaleil LitUeWorkll BiffPt^HI
AddrtM,Tn SmpibiWaubb C:,iim9tfyn.Tf.l .

AYlien writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
• and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, lO
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

shon.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; Trritten bb-
pecially tor amateurs. Second Bdition just ou'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
Editor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 21 ceuLs; by
mail 23 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a Htb, progresaiTC, 28 page monthly journal.) on*
year for 65c. Apply to any Urgt-claBS dealer, ©r
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., HiigiiiiT)U., k..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^*^*^ to raise
Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtes in the U. S. A. one
year for 30 eents, providing you
mention AiMerican Bee-Keeper.

The Oounlry Journal treats on
F arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
' ry and Fashion. It's the best pa-
y)er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish. R. F. D.. Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order- |
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

LGENTS Wanted 'wrhr^ Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

d they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
'■ cheaper than e'-er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.

BARNES'

Fcot Power MacMnery,

1 hi> cut represents our
Coinl)ined Machine, which
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
•f Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. .Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNRS CO
yja Ruby St., Rockford.IU".

The Towa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
onginal lines.

YoL' cannot
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MAKES THE FINEST

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Watertown, Wis.

IF YOU

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Cnti g.

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Wauneta,!

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. J-J'J'J'J-J'j'

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

^rovidence Queens

BE SURE TO TRY THEM

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for Spring Delivery.

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'. O. Box 1113.

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and Intending Settlers in the

•My Lake Region of South Florida

80t cent, annlual return on investment.
P's air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
niind oak land, bordered by fresh water
kc suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
ot« title. Time payments. Address for de-
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IE.G.SIGGERS,

Tf Tf If, EINGHAI

J_^ J has made ail tin? im-

/ provemcJiits in

^ Bee Smokers and

^ Honey Knives

made in ihe last 20 years, undoiibtiMllv
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too ];irt; s^'nt
postpaid, per mail „ *i ."(O

3« inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch l.OO

2% inch 90

r. F.Bingham, ?f°';''w'-yo-- -12

_ ., ««. ^ Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Mich.

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

Tliin Fiat Bottom FoQidatioo

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is t«
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN * SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. T,

. I. STRINGHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Tested Italian Qtjccns, _ _ _ $J.OO each

I lb. Sq. Honey Jars, _ _ _ $5.00 gross

No. 25 Jars, - - - - - $5.75 gross

12 oz. Jar. burnishtd tin cap, - - $5.00 gross

. *i:ount on more tlian one gross. Extracted hioney always
on hand at from 5 1-2 ti» 8 cents pound.

RIES—QLEN COVE, L. I. CATALOG FREE

%

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. VA/e rertiit Imme-
diately upon receipt of Shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

References: ■■--'.

German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0.
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

tX^- CINCINNATI,©.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEP;KEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

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It circulates is Missouri, Kansas,
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Itf Lincoln, N'

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49" All about Bees ant

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iiri

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I

Vol. XV

FEBRUARY, 1905.

No. 2

APICULTURE FOR WOMEN.

A System of Education Proposed.

By J. W. Tern.

THE establishment of agricultural
and apicultural schools would
open up a new field for women
Df activity to which too little atten-
tion has been paid. Down to the
present time the majority of attempts
n this department have been made
or the boys, but it is peculiarly fitting
hat we should endeavor to find out
lust what may be done to ameliorate
'he economic condition of women of
he industrial classes, and that in a
iractical manner which shall increase
he health as well as increase the in-
ome.
Since men have deserted the land
nd have monopolized many of the
rades, why should not women re-
jrn to the land and cultivate small,
-uits, poultry and bees? I do not
esire to make laborers of women,
ut rather train int^elligent cultiva-
:irs of bees, who will become pro-
Licers of the first order.
England, ever since 1871, has had
iT feminine colleges of horticulture,
rriculture and apiculture, which fur-
sh gardeners, horticulturists, and
)iarists for ereat properties. Ger-
any, on her side, has a female agri-
Itural school; Austria has fifty-sev-
I garden schools in the suburbs of Vi-
na and 1,200 in lower Austria, while
issia has founded two agricultural
hools for women which are under
e protection of the empress and oth-
great court ladies.

When one thinks of the matter he
becomes convinced that there is no
occupation which could hold women
by stronger ties than that of rural life.
Therefore, we should proceed to
teach our women horticulture and ag-
riculture, the dressing of gardens,
cutting and trimming of trees, shrubs,
etc. Apiculture is peculiarly adapted
to women, which can be made re-
rnunerative and a delightful occupa-
tion.

If we are told that the physical qual-
ities of woman unfit her for rural life,
we reply that the unhappy seamstress,
bent double over her work from morn
until night, expends a much greater
amount of energy than she would in
apiculture.

Each bee-keeping woman is bound
to make the little circle in which she
lives better and happier. Each one
is bound to see that out of that small
circle the widest good will come. Each
one may have fixed in mind a thought
that out of a single apicultural house-
hold may flow influences that shall
stimulate the whole apicultural world.

The mere study of bees and bee-
keeping is wonderful. To study their
comb-building, their habits, their re-
quirements, their importance to man.
To study the pollen they gather, and
how they fertilize the flowers, the
swiftness of flight, the high instincts
in the construction of their nests, in
their care for their young and in the

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

24

division of labor in the colony. It ex-
plains the scarcity of seeds in first
crops of red clover, and gives the
reason why the second crop yields
honey and seeds.

The life history of the honey bee is
a grand study for woman as well as
man.

South Wales, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1904-

February,

THE LIMIT IN BEE CULTURE
FOR PROFIT.

By Bessie L. Putnam.

WHATEVER the professional
apiarist may find profitable, the
common farmer who keeps but
a few swarms for family use finds that
there is a limit beyond which he may
not venture with impunity. It is this
way in all branches of agriculture.
When the chickens and other fowls
can pick through the day, growing
nicely on two or three supplementary
meals, it is quite a different matter
from the problem of furnishing them
the entire ration three times a day.
The small farmer may find twenty to
fifty sheep money gatherers; but let
the flock increase to double this num-
ber and they nibble so close that the
pasturage becomes impoverished.

Bees, like poultry, belong largely
to the farmer. He wishes to have an
abundance of the sweets for his table,
and if in bounteous years there should
be some surplus it is that much ex-
tra to be exchanged for other things.
If in an extreme season of honey
scarcity he finds it necessary to feed
weak swarms, he does not. as a rule,
expect to bestow upon them the time
given by the apiarist.

Such a man depends upon the fruit,
clover, basswood and buckwheat in
turn to keep the bees at work. This
is in the North; other localities may
vary in the nature of the supply, but
the plan holds equally good. We will
suppose him to be the only one in the
neighborhood who keeps bees. They
glean from near fields until the supply
is exhausted. Gradually the radius of
flight lengthens, the time required for
the extra flight decreasing the amount
of sweets stored as well as unneces-
sarily fatiguing the little workers.

As the search becomes more thor-
ough, competition between swarms of
the same owner increases. It is ap-
parent that there must be a line of

demarkation, on one side of which may
be written "Profit;" on the other
"Loss."

This is where the pasturage is at
its best, where the bees are storing
away for the future. But in the ma-
jority of seasons there are plenty of
side crops, found perhaps in too small'
quantities to be reckoned in the reg-
ular honey crop, yet which aid ma-
terially in piecing out the sustenance
of the bees and permitting them tQ
save the stores garnered for a time
of need. Yet if the neighborhood is'
stocked to the utmost capacity, or
one man has a large collection, this;
reserve fund is consumed in almost
no time and the bees must then gq
miles for their daily food or liv^
upon what should have been saved fol
winter.

The larger the supply of natural
food per swarm, the higher the nej
profit. The location of the line bei
tween profit and loss varies with thi
season. Its mean position everyonii
must locate for himself.
Conneaut Lake, Pa.

THE USE OF THE EXTRACTOF

Recounting Its Various Advantage j
Etc.

(Paper read before the Hamilto
County, Ohio, Bee-Keepers' Convet
tion, by Mr. Richard Curry.)

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS AN'
GENTLEMEN:— At our rej
ular monthly meeting held in tl
early part of October a few remari
I made in opposition to a suggestic
or motion to petition the managemei
of the Hamilton County Agricultur
Association to increase their cash pr
miums for honey exhibit^ at the
annual fall fair, provoked and brougl
on a discussion as to which is tl
more profitable to the bee-keeper, tl
production of comb or extracted ho:
ey. My defense of the latter I ho]
to give in a very few words.

In early spring, if you find too mu(
old honey in your hives, and cons
quently your queens cramped f
room to deposit their eggs, you a
use your extractor to advantage, ai
thus give the desired room and _
the same time put a stop to any i
clination to swarm, as in all my e
perience I have never had a swarm
any time when the queen has be<

XQOS.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

25

supplied with plenty of empty comb
in the brood nest; and for that rea-
son you are sure of having very strong
colonies when your honey harvest
commences in earnest, and the shorter
the season the greater will be the dif-
ference in the returns. I have fre-
quently seen seasons when hives op-
erated for extracted paid a fair inter-
est when your comb honey colonies
would fail completely.

One season our apiary of twenty-
six colonies averaged two hundred
pounds to the hive. Out of the twen-
ty-six colonies, three failed complete-
ly, as their queens, in spite of all the
stimulating we could do, turned out
worthless, and before they could be
replaced the season was over. To
counterbalance that side, we had one
colony we felt sure gave us nearly if
not quite four hundred pounds.

We have found trouble in getting
Italians to go up into the boxes. They
ire much more reluctant to do so than
he old black bee, but in working for
;xtracted, it is so easy to raise a
)rood comb up into the second story
ind the problem is solved. How many
imes you will find instead of working
n boxes the brood chamber will be
ound full of honey instead of brood,
nd very often forcing oflf a swarm,
am reminded of an incident that
appened some years ago. A gentle-
nan who owned several colonies invit-
d me over the river to visit him and
icidentally look at his bees. Upon
pening them, we found them in about
le condition we speak of, that is,
ives full of honey, but very little
rood. I explained the trouble and
hen he asked me what I would ad-
ise him to do, I simply pleaded ig-
orance. I said, "If they were mine
would extract some of the combs,
it you have no extractor." He want-
1 to know if he removed some of
e combs, if the bees would not build
;w comb. I thought not, and if they
d it would probably be drone comb.
It even if they did that would do no
>od. I advised him to buy a cheap
'tractor as the only way out that I
|uld see, but I am not quite sure but
thought I was a drummer for some
)ply house. In consequence, they
^nt into winter quarters few in num-
rs, and I was told they all died be-
\e the winter was half over, from
le unknown cause, as the hives

were full of honey. How often we
have heard that same story.

One objection advanced against ex-
tracted honey is the trouble of dis-
posing of such great quantities. Well,
it is easier to dispose of fifty or even
a hundred pounds of comb honey than
it is four or five hundred of extracted.

But when we had our honey crop
nicely put away in half-barrels, coated
inside with beeswax, we found the
disposal of it in a great measure a
matter of education. In the first
place, we had a neat circular nicely
worded, illustrated with suitable wood
cuts, explaining the modern process
of extracting honey and giving the
names of a few of our prominent citi-
zens who had witnessed the process,
together with a cordial invitation to
all those interested to call and see for
themselves. This we found always a
drawing card.

Now as to the charge or assertion
that extracted has to be sold at a very
low price: We find no trouble in get-
ting fifteen cents per pound for small
quantities, and within a few days I
have had comb honey, as clear and
white as I have ever seen, in small
frames, sell at eighteen cents. Too
cheap, you will say, and so say I. It
is worth more — much more, in propor-
tion, for while your little workers have
been making the comb and depositing
that pound, they would have given
you, at a very low estimate, from three
to five times that much extracted. Do
your own figuring. Now, in conclu-
sion, I will say candidly, for myself
I would not know how to keep bees
without an extractor of some kind, and
I feel sure that those of us who work
for comb honey and have used an ex-
tractor in connection with the other
will bear me out in this. Not wishing
to monopolize all our time, and
thanking you for your kind attention,
I will step aside.

AMERICAN APICULTURE.

Present Conditions and Future Pros-
pects Analyzed.

By J. E. Johnson.

THE EDITOR of the Bee-Keep-
ers' Review has often urged me
to "keep more bees." The ad-
vice seems good, and I have acted up-
on it to the extent of increasing my

26

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

February,

number of colonies over five hundred
fold in the last two years.

Notwithstanding this great increase,
last year my crop of honey was 250
pounds of comb and extracted, and
this year 64^^ pounds per colony,
spring count.

Now, by making specialty of bee-
keeping, and continuing to increase
my colonies as fast as possible, and
thus branch out by starting out api-
aries, etc., I should be able, ere long,
to possess one thousand or more col-
onies. If my crops should Ik? fair!}-
good and I should be able to dispose
of all my honey at the same price that
I am getting at present, great wealth
would soon be mine, and my knocking
at the door of prosperity would cease.
However, no doubt if one thousand
colonies proved a success, that suc-
cess would only whet my appetite for
keeping still more bees.

But in the meantime an enemy has
been sowing tares in our wheat, as it
were. The story of manufactured
comb honey has gone the rounds of
the press at a greatly increased rate,
and we find that even fancy white
comb honey is an actual glut on the
market, notwithstanding the honey
crop is light this year; and such great
honey-producing states as California
have had an almost entire failure. On
page 22 of The American Bee-Keeper,
January ist, I find the following mar-
ket quotation from Kansas City:

"Comb honey, $2.25 per case. Am-
ber, $2 per case."

Last year I sent ten cases of comb
honey to the Kansas City market,
for which I received $3 per case, less
deductions as follows: Carriage and
cartage, 29 cents; commission, 30
cents. This left me $2.41 per case.
Now, fellow bee-keepers, can I sell
my best comb honey for $2.25, after
you deduct as follows:
Say for freight and cartage. . . .20 cts.

Say for commission 22 cts.

Say for cost ot case complete. .20 cts.

Say for cost of sections 12 cts.

Say for foundation 5 cts.

Total 79 ct.s.

$2.25 — .79 = $1-46.

What do you think of $1.46 per
twenty-four-pound case of best honey?
Nos. 2 and 3 somewhere between that
and nothing, and counting nothing for
your work, cost of hive and other ex-
penses. What has brought about

such a state of affairs? And what is
the remedy? The remedy should be
administered in very liberal doses un-
til a reaction takes place.

I have taken the Kansas City quo-
tations merely as an example, because
I sold honey through this firm last
year and found them not only honest,
but they quoted prices correctly.

The Boston quotations are highei>
for fancy, but say absolutely no call
for buckwheat. Rather tough on the
bee-keeper with a large crop of buck-
wheat honey on hand. And still we
are advised to keep more bees so as
to pile up ton upon ton of honey.

At the St. Louis convention a pa-
per was read by the secretary pro
tem., in which he stated that large
consumers of honey, those that use
fifty carloads and upwards per an-
num, have united their energies with
the buyers and commission brokers,
and as a result we are left to take
what they are pleased to oflFer us for
our honey. Or, in other words, sev-
eral of our best and most enthusiastic
members in the National were openly
and publicly charged with being in
league with the large honey consum-
ers, and as a result we are being rob-
bed of our just profits. Considering,
that such men as Mr. Geo. W. York,
E. T. Abbott, Fred Muth, C. H. W,
Weber and other men of unquestion-
able reputation are large honey buy-
ers and commission brokers, and were
present, this statement .caused some
surprise. These men declared that
they knew nothing of any such com-
bine. The reader of the article said
he could put his finger on the people
who were in this great combine, and
could tell exactly who they were, but
thought it not well to give it out in
public; so the accusation is still un-
explained, and we are left to form oiu
own opinion as to whether the ac-
cuser could prove his accusations true
However, a new association or stock
company was bron that day, with
stock at $100 per share, par value. This
is practically a specialists' association
and was formed for their benefit. 1
have heard suggested that this asso-
ciation is to be somewhat on the or-
der of the citrus fruit association, ancj
is for the purpose of lowering trans-
portation and commission charges. h\
has been said that the California Cit-l
rus Fruit Exchange has brought aboul]
a condition of affairs which enablesj

igos. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 37

the consumer to buy oranges in St. Swarming may be excessive for one
Louis or Chicago for the same price locality or season and only moderate
at which they are sold in California, for another. The degree is largely in
That is a good thing for the con- proportion to the natural honey re-
sumer in St. Louis or Chicago, and sources of the region and the flow
no doubt a good thing for the pro- during the particular season under
ducer in California, but here is how consideration. We have known small
this honey business differs: yards where the natural increase was

Only a small portion of the United three-fold, and still a good honey
States produces oranees, and any ar- crop was harvested, and all had suf-
rangement to lessen the freight so ficient left for winter. In other sea-
as to sell the goods cheaper at a dis- sons one swarm per colony would re-
tant market and still get more clear duce the old colony in stores to such
money out of the goods is a good ar- an extent that they would succumb
rangement; and the California people to starvation before spring, and the
boast of the fact that the California swarm being in the same, or more
Citrus Fruit Exchange was the means generally poorer, condition, would
of driving foreign oranges out of the also die of starvation. This is speak-
New York market. Why was that? ing of small yards, where little is
Simply because by economy and ad- known by the apiarist of the amount
vantages obtained by the organization of stores really required for winter
they could undersell them. But hon- and no thought is given to feeding,
ey is produced in all parts of this Bee-keepers of this class generally
country, and although California and scorn the idea of feeding bees for
Texas have, to a great extent, sup- winter. It is thought that natural in-
plied the diflferent markets of the stinct would prompt the bees to pro-
United States, the bee industry is still vide a sui^ciency for winter in the
developing very rapidly in those brood chamber. To disabuse these
states, and the specialist with his people of this erroneous idea is a dif-
juany colonies can make money sell- ficult task and requires much reason-
ng his honey for from five to ten ing and argumentation.
:ents per pound. With them it only To those who should chance to read
emains that they be well organized, this article, let me say: Don't let your
;o that all their honey finds a market bees starve, even though they have
vhere it will bring the cash, and b\' produced little or no surplus. Feed
hipping in carload lots and saving them good sugar syrup to amply pro-
)oth freight and commission, they vide them with stores until another
:an, without any trouble, undersell season. No doubt they will repay you
he ordinary bee-keeper with his one manyfold for your outlay, and you
lundred or two hundred colonies. The will have a stock of bees» whereas,
western states and Texas have still had you not provided stores, nothing
luch unoccupied territory which, in but empty hives would be left, and to
he near futuie, will contain thousands the inquirer you would say: "Bees
f colonies of bees. The bee-keepers are no good. They winter killed." No
1 those parts are largely specialists, wonder bees winter-kill^ if they have
■'ho are increasing their stock, and not enough food t,o last them till
lere is no gainsaying the fact that spring. There is little more logic in
le output of honey is gaining more expecting bees to provide themselves
ipidly than is the consumption. under all conditions with sufficient

Williamsfield, 111., Jan. 11, 1905. stores for winters of variable intensity

— and duration than to expect live stock

SWARMING AND WINTERING to lay in a supply of fodder.

T>i?CTTT TC Ii your bees should be light of

Kii^ui^ia. stores, do not delay, but feed them a

By L. M. Gulden. sufficient quantity of good sugar

syrup, made of two parts granulated
ROBABLY nine-tenths of the sugar and one part hot water. A Mil-
winter losses among small bee- ler feeder, which will hold enough for
keepers, and possibly also wintering' a colony and which may
)ng the larger apiarists, may be be used in all kinds of weather, is the
rectly traced to excessive swarm- best to feed with at this time of year.

Pepper-box feeders are also good, but

28 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. February,

the Miller is preferable on account of seasons here had been too poor to

the quantity which one will hold. give it a fair trial.

Just ho\\j much feeding need' be This spring, however, opened with

done depends on the amount of stores old-time promise, the natural flora be-

the colony already has, the length of ing supplemented by the heaviest or-

time before they will be able to se- ange bloom since the disastrous

cure sufficient from natural sources, freezes of nearly ten years ago. After

and the populousness of the particu- a long winter of steady cool weather,

lar colony. Practice will determine March came with a burst of blossom

that. In this locality, where bees are and warmth that soon set the bees to

confined about five months and there swarming.

will be another month before sufficient I shooK all colonies as fast as I dis-

honey can be gathered for daily needs, covered them with cells, some upon

at least thirty pounds of stores must starters and others upon full sheets

be available. of foundation, giving them a comb

The articles written by some of our containing some brood and honey. !
leading apiarists advocating from ten In a good steady flow, and with
to twenty pounds of stores no doubt young queens, I have no doubt start-
are the cause of many novices getting ers are all right, but some of my
a wrong idea as to the amount really queens were three and four years old,
required to winter a normal colony, and in these cases much drone comb ,
and thus are many lost from insuffi- was the result, as well as the swarm-
cient stores. False economy plays its ing of these shaken swarms with old
part. Rather than buy sugar to feed, queens as soon as they could start
the bees are allowed to take their cells. This did not occur with any
chances, no matter how much stores one or two-year-old queens, and most
they happen to have. of the others should have been re-

You bee-keepers who do not see the placed last fall,
inside of the brood chamber, learn The flow was chopped off by north

to know how heavy the hives, bees winds, so that those last shaken, aS'

and all, should be to insure safe win- well as natural swarms, had to be

taring, and be sure they are sufficient- assisted, but enough was done tc,

ly heavy before placing them into the prove that the plan, under favorablt

cellar. If there should be any doubt conditions, would work quite satis-!

as to their wintering safely, feed factorily here. I did not try th(|

them before cellaring, or mark the double, or second shake, as I wantec

hive, so an examination may readib'^ the brood for use in nuclei.
be made before spring to see that In this connection I will state tha

they will winter safely. this spring I ran across one of thf

Better provide for winter as soon exceptions to a general rule. Whet

as possible after the honey crop of the old hive was moved from besid<

the year is over. a natural swarm, hived on the ol(

Osakis Minn. Oct. 31, 1904. stand, the bees of the swarm killed al

■ ' ■ ' ■___ of the bees of the parent colony re

turning to it.
• FORCED. SWARMS. Holly Hill, Fla., Oct. 24, 1904. '

A Peculiar Result in Practicing the ^ 1 „

Heddon Method of Preventing Some of our large honey-deahnj

Aft arms nrms are striving for the mamtenano

■ of a profitable market in our ow!

•b r c u ' country for American honey. 0th

By C. b. Hams. ^^.g ^^j.^ obviously, seeking to profi

IN the numerous reports of forced through the introduction of a foreigi

• swarms, I have seen but few from product that will, at a lower, thoug!

southern points; so perhaps an more profitable figure, crowd Ameri

experience from this state may be -of can goods "oflf the earth," so to speak

interest. Let us seek to cultivate the acquaint:

I had been desirous of trying the ance of, and to co-operate with, tb

shaken swarm plan since it first came honey barons who seek to maintaiij

prominently to the front, several years a profitable American market for th'

ago, but, until the past spring, the- .•\merican product.

igos. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

SIXTY YEARS AMONG THE
BEES.

29

First Letter.

Dr. Miller or any of the advocates of
old combs. The bees (I should say,
the log) was at the east end of a build-
ing used for repairing things, or a
kind of a rainy-day resort, which we
Rv W T DavU T^t youngsters designated, the "Sub-

By W. J. Davis, 1st. Treasury." The older reader will re-

ON JANUARY I, 1845, two good- member that was a more common
sized boys might have been word then than now. The bees win-
seen with a one-horse sleigh, tered fine, and when spring awoke,
making for a bee-keeper's home on a two boys might have been seen, one
hill north of the valley of the Broken- on either side of the old log, watch-
straw creek, a tributary of the Alle- ing the industrious citizens going
gheny river, in western Pennsylvania, and coming.

to become the legal owners of a hive "See there," says one boy, "what
of bees. a great load of honey that bee has

H,me and Apiary of Capt. H. H. Robinson, Cuba.— (See Editoria'S.)

The "boys" were the writer and an
older brother. We purchased from an
-incle, for $5.00 in silver, a colony of
Dees in a section of a hollow log, with
I wide board nailed on the upper end
ind a similar one for a bottom, with
hree or four triangular notches in
he lower end of the log for "fly-holes"
or the bees.

What mysteries were hidden in that
)rimitive home of blackness and
weetness! The bees in color would
uit the most ardent admirer of the
ilacks, and the combs were as black
s the bees and would, no doubt, suit

on its legs." Then someone told us

that it was not honey on their legs,
but wax. When a Yankee boy with
a little Dutch blood in his veins starts
out to investigate a thing he is going
to investigate.

Some time in May that hive began
to show some awful big bees, and
early in June out came a swarm. We
were provided with some new hives,
all painted red. They were called the
Weeks hive, the "most wonderful in-
vention under the sun." But in truth,
it was a great improvement on the
straw skep or log gum. The brood
chamber would hold about one bushel,

30

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

February,

dry measure, above which was a cham-
ber intended to hold two twelve-
pound boxes for surplus honey. Sev-
en one-inch holes for each surplus box
admitted the bees from brood cham-
ber. A glass in one end of box (cov-
ered by a slide) enabled the bee-
keeper to judge of the sta^e of com-
pleteness of the surplus. One pecu-
liarity of these hives was that they
were hung by cleats nailed on each
side and the front of hive was three
or four inches longer than the back,
and the bottom-board was hung to
the hive by four wires, which allowed
the bees to pass out anywhere at bot-
tom of hive, and was closed by sim-
ply shoving the bottom forward, and
turning button in rear. I have taken
hundreds of pounds of surplus honey
from just such hives. ■*

But did you ever hear of an enthusi-
astic young bee-keeper who did not
want to construct something new in
the way of a bee hive that would em-
brace his own ideals of what a hive
ought to be? If you have, dear read-
er, all I have to say is "That is a
sign. He never would do for a hero
of mine." This, remember, was be-
fore thedays of large plants for the
manufacture of bee-keepers' supplies.
Before the invention of the movable
frame hive, three years before Capt.
Baldenstein called the attention of
Dr. Dzierzon to the Italian bee, and
eight years before that pioneer in
scientific bee culture had seen the
beautiful bee so much admired on this
western continent. So many different
shapes and sizes of hives were made
some with large glass in front, but
covered by door, but retaining the sur-
plus feature spoken of above.

Every bee-keeper in those days
made his own hives, and quite often
hives were made while the swarms
awaited on the limb of a tree. Bees
wintered in those days on their sum-
mer stands here in western Pennsyl-
vania without protection. Though
the winds blew and the snow fell as
at present, the vast acreage of for-
ests seemed to take away the bite of
the wind that later years produce.
The usual price of honey in the forties
and early fifties was about I2i/^ cents
per pound. Much of the land, but
lately cleared, was rich in vegetable
mould and potash from the burned
timber, and the white clover was rich
in nectar. Youngsville, Pa., Dec. 19.

HARDSCRABBLE INTERVIEW.

Ah-h-h. Eh? Well, here's happy
days. Now I feel better.

Talkin' of De Luxes, either you or
Ernest don't know 'em when you see
'em. You said they've just put out a
new edition of A, B, C — fortunit 'tamt
claimed to be the X Y Z — and are
now goin' to De Luxe it. Durn fine
deluxin' it'll be arter the types be
all worn down. Only Mr. DeLuxy's
I ever hearn on were the first born of
the press.

Them '*Going-to-Bees" in the Jan-
uary American Bee-Keeper sound
powerful true. Queer what a crop of
'em is steady sproutine.

Stahlman's apiary is liken to a crazy
stoned old graveyard.

Joe Pen's troubles of "Unprepar-
edness" 'minds me of the Japs, 'cauise
they're so opposite.

I'm blamed sorry for Hewitt, with
J. E. J. after him. He'll sure find it
"Too much Johnson."

Say, you caught me right good with
your camera, but there's one thing
you can't do, sonny, smart as ye be;
ye can't "put your finger on me,"
b'gosh . Hawh! Hawh!

Don't like that laugh, eh? 'Taint
nateral? Reckon you all don't know
a ghostly laugh yet.

The filling in your Bee-keeping
World now and again goes to show
how much sawdust composes our
dolls' innards. No reflection on the
compilers, but on the rag baby.

Harry, I'm 'shamed of yer. Nut-
megapis Dorsata, forsooth! Connecti-
cut blood in your tubes, sure.

In the American Bee Journal for
January 5 I see here, that the editor
asks regarding tales of the press, »
"Why Do They Lie So?" Bless his f
dear innocent little soul, they wuz
born that way, they wuz, most on 'em.

Same paper has Hasty talking about
"sawing off swarms." Funny swarms,
them; but serious, a bloomin' crime
against the trees.

Going? Well, so long.

1

A Johannesburg correspondent, in
the Bee-Keepers' Record, states that
conditions favorable to bee-keeping
exist in the Rustenburg and Pretoria
districts of South Africa The nectar
supply comes chiefly from the gum
trees that have been planted in for-
mer years.

I
I

:3S. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 31

THE BEES. And seek soft hyacinths of purple hue;

All rest together, all together toil,
The following inspiring effusion, transcribed At morn they rush abroad the flnwpr<i
f:nabook entitled "A Short History of Bees," f^ cor^il ■ -iuroaa me nowers

h been sent to the American Bee-Keeper by a .... apoii,

Kthern friend.) When twilight evening warns them

to their home,

I)w listen while the wond'rous ^^ith weary limbs and heavy thighs

powers I sing, . they com^,

/ d genius given to bees, by Heav- -^"^ crowd about the gate, and mix a

en's Almighty King. drowsy hum,

ley, they alone, a general interest ^"^t ^^st into their inmost chambers

share, creep,

leir young committing to the public -^"^ silent lie dissolv'd in balmy sleep,
care; When East winds blow, or gathering

Ad, all concurring in the common rains impend,

cause. The skies they trust not, nor their

Le in fixed cities, under settled laws: flights extend;

C winter mindful, and inclement ^"^ drink of streams that flow their

skies. city nigh,

Ii;ummer hoard for all the state sup- Work near their walls, and short ex-
plies, cursions try;
A^rnate some provide the nation's On rugged rocks, oft as abroad they

food, fly,

A! search it o'er each forest, field They tear their wings, sink with their

and flood. loads and die.

3c le for the comb's foundations gath- Such love of flowers inflames their

er glew, little hearts,

^. temper gums with daflfodil's rich So great their glory in these won-

dew. d'rous arts,

rin with nice art the waxen arches THE^ QUEEN.

bend. The state united stands, while she

Diwith nectareous sweets the fret- remains,

work-cell distend. But, should she fall, what dire con-

ic e by joint compact, at the city's fusion reigns!

gate. Their waxen combs, and honey, late

tint and watchful of Heaven'.^ their joy,

^ changes wait. With grief and rage distracted, they

ismine every motion of the skies, destroy:

V.t showers approach, what storms She guards the works, with awe they

or winds arise; her surround,

)rase the burdened laborer's limbs. And crowd about her with triumphant

or drive sound,

"h drones, a race of sluggards, from Her frequent on their duteous shoul-

:he hive. ders bear,

li crowded dome with toil intense- Bleed, fall, and die, for her in glorious
y glows, war.

'V^ from the breathiner sweets ? to their toils in early sum-

•)lended fragrance flows. mer run,

1 knows his task; the old their The clust'ring bees, and labour in the

'iwns attend, sun:

i^e their nice cells, their doedal Lead forth in colonies their buzzing

>orks defend: race,

ulate at evening, those of youthful Or work the liquid sweets, and thicken

rime, to a mass,

et-n fatigued, their thigh sur- The busy nation flies from flower to

harged with thyme. flower,

'" prey on arbutes. willow-buds And hoards in curious cells the golden
'>our, store",

cassia and the safifron's golden \ chosen troop before the gate at-
Aver: tends,

' fruitful limes suck rich melli- To take the burdens, and relieve their
JOus dew, friends.

32 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Februar ,

Warm at the fragrant work, in bands Then work their woven lodgings

they drive their hives.

The drone, a lazy robber, from their And labor honey and sustam thei

hive. lives.

, Here their delicious task the ferve

Tell me. ye studious, who pretend to ^^^^

^^^ . , In swarming millions tend; arour d

Far into nature s bosom, whence the athwart

t»e^ , n- , . Through the soft air the busy natio

Was first inform d her vent rous flight ^^^

to steer. Cling to the bud, and with insert

Through trackless paths, and an abyss ^^^^

of air? S^,(,l^ its pure essence its ether

Whence she avoids the slimy marsh, ^^^^j • i

and knows ^^^j ^f^^ ^jj-^ bolder wing, they so;

The fertile hills, where sweeter herb- ^^^ ^^j.^

age grows, . -pi^e purple heath, or where the w

And honey-making flowers their thyme grows,

opening buds disclose; f^^^^ yellow load' them with the i

How from the thicken d mist, and set- cious spoil.

ting sun,

Finds she the labor of her day is ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^.^ ^^^^^^ ^^

done? r ,

Who taught her against winds and J^^ ^.^. ^^^^-^ ^and'ring v

rains to strive, , i-„u^.

To bring her burden to the certain ^^ '^'re in clusfring swarms 4

And throngl, the liquid fields again to ""f uncITtalJ' through the v

pass, 1 .

Duteous, and heark'ning to the sound- o-^^^ y^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^

me brass? i- -j <-

* liquid sweet.

But" all their cares and industry :

The careful insect, 'midst his works I get,

view. Then, if at length, the tinkling bi

Now from the flower exhaust the fra- they hear,

grant dew. With swift amaze their flight t

With golden treasure load his little soon forbear;

thighs, Sudden their flow'ry labor they

And steer his distant journey through new,

the skies; Hang on the thyme and sip the ba

Some against hostile drones the hive dew.

defend; Meantime, secure on Hybla's frag)

Others with sweets the waxen-cells plain,

distend: With joy exults the happy shepr

Each in the toil his destined office swain;

bears. Proud that his art had thus prese

\nd in the little bulk a mighty soul his store,

appears. He scorns to think his homely cott
poor.

W lien golden suns appear ^^ . , , ,■ • j u n

An.l under earth have driv'ii the win- Hark! the bee winds her small,

tor vear- mellow horn

TlM winged' nations wander through Blithe to salute the sunny smile

tlic sky morn,

^\nd ocr the plains and shady forests O'er thymy downs she bends her t

fl^, . course,

Thcr: -looping on the meads and And many a stream allures her tc

leaflv bowers source.

Tlnv '^ifm the floods, and sip the pur- 'Tis noon, 'tis night: -that eye so:

pic fl,.wers; ly wrought

)0S.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

33

eyond the search of sense, the soar seems to be a mooted question as to

of thought: their "stinging" qualities, this quali-

ow vainly asks the scenes she left fication seems to be developed to an

abnormal degree in all those taking
part in the controversy, pro and con,
I had some thought of trying a
few queens next season, but will have
to deny myself the pleasure.

I fear we might be called upon for
an ''opinion," and we certainly would
be afraid to "run the gauntlet" under
f varied scents, that charmed her as such desperate conditions.

she flew. Wishing you the compliment? of

— the season, .. ;.„

-^litli|i5F:^3J^v>^-^^^§,^^-.^^te, Yours,, etc.,

^^Ttfc^ J. L. Byer. -.•

behind,

s orb so full, its vision so confin'd!

'^ho guides the patient pilgrim to her
cell?

^ho bids her soul with conscious tri-
umph swell?

ith conscious truth retrace the
mazy clue

J'RAW SKEPS, THE PUNIC DIS-
CUSSION, ETC.

Markham, Ont., Dec. 20., 1904.
I itor American Bee-Keeper:

A'^hen I read your editorial in the
Icember Bee-Keeper, "'Where Are
Te Straw Skeps?" in view of your
oressed wish of possessing"an old
saw hive," I came very near ship-
pg you one for a Xmas "box."

lowever, when I reflected that it
vuld be probably near spring before
yi would receive it, "way down
S'lf," I thought when you would see
tl express bill you would be apt to
r^ard it more as an April "joke."

^ears ago the straw "skep" was
q.te a common thing all through
tlse parts. My -grandfather and
g;atuncle, of respected memories,
CJh at one time owned over a hun-
did colonies, all in this kind of hive,
sctnuch in vogue in those times.

,V''hile there are now none of these
"1 es" occupied with bees, yet quite
I imber of them are still in evidence,
1 oodly number occupying the "ex-
al d" positions of hen's nests, a pur-
pte for which they are admirably

' >ted.' At the recent fruit, flower

honey show, held in Toronto, one

'these "skeps" was , on exhibition,

' judging from the remarks of

a few apiarists, I believe they

not commonly in use years ago

'Other counties of Ontario as ex-

te ively as they were, here in York

coity.

;, the discussion as to the merits
'n demerits of Punic bees. While it

PUNICS HIS FAVORITE.

Editor American Bee-Keeper:

Seeing the account in your journal
of October last re "Punic Bees," by
Prof. Benton, permit me to say that
I do not agree by any means in what
he says about them.

It is now four seasons since I had
Punic queens sent me from Mr. Hev/-
itt. I was informed of their wonder-
ful qualities by two neighboring bee-
keepers, who had kept them several
years, and naturally I wanted to try
them, which I did. The first season
I had over two dozen. This last sea-
son I received three dozen. I would
like to get them into all my hives. T
have never had any bees equal to
them. They are most prolific good
tempered and excellent workers. • I
have extracted over 170 pounds of
honey from one hive, and more, so
far I have found them to be proof
against foul brood. I have introduced
a first-cross Punic queen into a hiye
rotten with foul brood, and the disease
has disappeared; in fact, several hives
T have proved iii tlii's way, which is a
boon to anyone keeping bees. 1 feel
they cannot be spoken of too highly.
I would just say my hives number- at
present about seventy. Last Septem-
ber I sold a friend fifty stocks, in
frame hives, and safely delivered therri
thirteen miles distant, and half - df
them were. Punics, with fifteen frames
for brood nest, standard size. Any-*
thing less is not suitable for them.
Much more I could say, but will leave
it for another time.

A. T. Bartlett.

Gorton,- Upton Lovel, Wiltshire,

England, Dec. 22, 1904.

34

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Februai

Swarthmore, Pa., Dec. 29, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

The Society of Apiculture of
Aisne, France, has just issued a series
of twelve handsome post cards^ each
bearing an attractive photo engraving
of scenes in and about the apiary, with
a view to directing the public atten-
tion to honey as a food, and "hydro-
mel" as a drink in the place of wine.
These cards illustrate subjects of pop-
ular interest — several of them depict
children in the act of taking honey
either from the hive or from a jar; .1
man holding a swarm of bees is
shown; a horse eating a chunk of
honey; a house party indulging in hy-
dromel — "' a drink fit for the gods."
All in all it is a good ad. and is gotten
out in the typical artistic French
style. "Swarthmore."

FEEDING BEES.
Sheffield, Eng., Dec. 21, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

The article on the first page of the
December issue, by Arthur C. Miller,
is a gem that all bee-keepers should
study and act up to. Contrast it with
the silly one by Dr. L. E. Kerr on
page 248, where he says, "All intel-
gent bee-keepers now rely to a great
extent upon the sugar barrel."

T wont stop to argue such rubbish;
— to buy sugar, make it into syrup,
and waste further time feeding it,
when bees pay nothing for the honey
they gather and no time is wasted in
making syrup or feeding. Nor does
he seem to know how to work the
"divisible brood chamber hive" to ad-
vantage.

John Hewitt.

MORE ABOUT BEE-STEALERS.

Waverly. N. Y., Dec. 6, 1904.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

The item in the Bee-Keeper giving
an account of the theft of bees at
Glenlock, Pa., remmds me of the
theft of a colony belonging to Mr.
Peter Bogart. of Lockwood, N. Y. I
wish to give it to the Bee-Keeper, as
it may be of use to some of them in
finding stolen property. The bees
stolen were in a box hive. The own-
er discovered his loss early the next
morning and visited an apiary on a
mountain a mile or more distant,

which was owned by a person hs
ing a) shaky reputation. The b«
were not found, but he discovered
mammoth box hive and greatly w<|
dered why a person should make
large a hive. Several years after a r'
ative of the man owning the large h
became angered at him and told
man who lost the hive that the lai
hive covered the hive he had stolei
the time he saw it. Several years
ter, a yoke of oxen were stolen a
driven to a distant butcher and so
The bee thief was strongly suspici
ed and fled the country, leavinj
good farm partly paid for. A :
years after he was detected with
other skip in the night, and failing!
halt when ordered, was given a s
that proved fatal.

J. H. Andr»

NEW APIARIAN PATENTS.

.\ patent has been issued to Os
F. Kerr, Texas on a beehive
which the following claim is held

A bee-hive comprising a brood
chamber and a comb-frame chaml
means for preventing egress from
brooding-chamber, an apertured j
tition separating the two chamber
valve provided with aperture adaj
to be moved into and out of regL
with those of the partition thereb]
cut oflF or establish communication',
tween the two chambers, a cover
the comb-frame chamber, and smc
distributing means carried by
cover.

A United States patent has :
been taken out by Carl Ludloflf,
Mexico, whose claim is as follows

A bee-hive comprising a base-fra
bottom boards attached to said fr;
and having their edges overlap pro
ing openings at the ends, a plura
of comb-frames removably suppoi
on said base-frames one against
other, and a cover for passing (
said frames and resting on the bi
frame.

Tn the bee's list of "breakfast foe
honey is the "whole wheat," w
substitutes, such as syrup, etc., are
the pastry flour.

One hundred and fifty-seven mjj
bers were present at the St. Louis
tional convention of bee-keepers.

4»»»»»»»»MMMM»M ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦■

' .►

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

►♦♦♦♦♦♦

AUSTRIA.
Jung-Klaus says in Boh. Imker, it
is his opinion that there is very little
in the hive. It is all in the man. Fur-
ther on, among other things, he de-
scribes the condition there in this
fashion: "The common people will
hardly get along with newfangled
frame hives; they prefer the simple
box, which gives no further trouble
after the swarm is hived till harvest
time."

bees' account, give it up for the sake
of your own health.

Of M. Ambrozic, the intensive Aus-
trian bee-keeper, who died recently,
it is said that he exported inside of
senevteen years about 34,000 swarms
of bees. He dealt wholly in Carni-
olan stock.

GERMANY.

A certain bee-keeper in Schleswig

I Holstein has come to the conclusion

i that feeding sugar is risky business.

j He had fed his bees during the early

I spring. When harvest time came he

extracted what he supposed to be

pure bee-honey, and sold the product

to a dealer. The latter had the honey

analyzed and it was found to be adul-

i terated. The bee-keeper was fined.

The Schlesw. Hoist. Bztg. adds: It is

evident that a good deal of sugar fed

to bees is not inverted and remains

sugar.

The same paper tells in the Decem-

(ber number that comb honey is now

I manufactured in America, but says

. |that the manufacturers have not yet

I succeeded in sealing the honey.

In taking a colony of bees out of a
bee tree the operator found in one
case very shallow combs ten feet long.

It is said that Wygant advised not
to treat bees with tobacco smoke. But,
he continues, if you don't want to
give up the use of tobacco on the

SWITZERLAND.
So-called Switzer honey has often
been found a purely artificial product.
This has, of course, caused Switzer
honey to be regarded with suspicion.
The Switzer Bienen Zeitung is now
publishing a list of hotels and resorts
where pure Alpine honey is served.

The exhibition of honeys and wax
at the fair in Bremgarten had for one
of its objects to inspire confidence in
the product of the hive. Judging from
the photos, the whole exhibit con-
sisted of honey in liquid shape, mostly
in glass, nicely decorated and arrang-
ed. The beeswax appeared in fancy
mould and casts, among other things
representing popular men and scenes
of national character. An important
feature was a honey stand, with a
girl in the peculiar national attire
serving as "salesman."

At the Bremgarten honey exhibi-
tion eight honey exhibits were reject-
ed on account of the honey not being
ripe, some because of not being clean.
-Schweiz. Bztg.

To improve dairy butter, says the
Schweitzer Bztg., take 60 grains of
honey to one kilogram biitter, knead
well. The same recipe has been pub-
lished in American bee journals years
ago. Who has tried it here?

An odorless coating for felt roofing
is spoken of in Schweiz. Bztg. as fol-
lows: "Coal tar and slaked lime,
half and half, well stirred, then ap-
plied."

As soon as may be determined, we
should be pleased to learn the results
of the winter upon the bees of our
readers.

36 THE AMERICAN

MADAGASCAR.
Bee-keeping upon this island is
hardly in its infancy. There seem
to be no frame-hives in use. The
government offers a reward of 500
francs to the first bee-keeper who
operates as many as four frame hives.
The bees in the forests are hunted by
the natives. The honey is all used at
home, but wax is exported in large
quantities. — Leipz. Bztg.

FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION

Of the Pennsylvania State Bee-Keep-
ers' Association.

The first annual convention of the
Pennsylvania State Bee-Keepers' As-
sociation closed at Harrisburg at 11
p. m. December 7th, having been in
session since noon of the 6th. The
meeting was most profitable and en-
joyable.

The first session on Tuesday after-
noon was devoted to business. Im-
mediately after this session the offi-
cers of the Association, together with
Manager France, of the National, and
Mr. Benton, of Washington, D. C.
called upon Governor Pennypacker.
The Governor showed great interest
in the industry represented and asked
many questions. The audience lasted
full forty minutes.

On Tuesday evening President Sur-
face, State Economic Zoologist, ad-
dressed the meeting, dwelling largely
upon the education necessary to put
our industry upon a more substantial
footing. The address was followed by
a paper by Dr. E. F. Phillips, of the
University of Pennsylvania, Philadel-
phia, upon, "Habits of Bees and Some
Misapprehensions."

The Wednesday morning session
was taken up entirely by the disease
question, which was ably presented by
Manager France.

Wednesday afternoon Mr. Pratt
spoke upon "Queen Rearing," Mr. O.
C. Fuller upon "Bee-keeping as a Bus-
iness" and Mr. Gabriel Heister, ' of
Harrisburg, a prominent horticultur-
ist, upon "Bees and Horticulture."

Wednesday evening Richard D. Bar-
cley, of the State College, outlined
the work which has been done and
which was proposed to do in apicul-
tural lines at the Pennsylvania State
College. Mr. Frank Benton, of the
United States Department of Agri-

BEE-KEEPER. February,

culture^ presented a most able and in-
teresting paper upon "Improvement of
Honey Bees." Rev. W. H. Bender,
of Adams county, presented a paper
upon "Honey-Bearing Flora of Adams
County, Pa."

The convention passed resolutions
upon the death of W. E. Yoder, of
Lewisburg, concerning desired legis-
lation, and thanking those who had
favored this association during the
convention, and thanking the presi-
dent and secretary for their efforts
for the past year.

Worcester, Mass., Jan. 10, 1905.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

Enclosed please find $1.00 to pay
for The Bee-Keeper for three years.
I like the paper very much. If therp
is any place in this country where one
can order a colony of Punic bees, ,
please let me know in next month's
issue. S. H. Cheney.

We know of no one in the United
States who has Punic stock for sale.
They are advertised in our Queen-
Breeders' Directory, however, by Mr.
John Hewitt, Brunswick Works, Shef-
field^ England. Almost anything that
one cares for in tlie queen line may
be found by consulting this directory.
Our readers should familiarize them-
selves with it. Its object is to afford
our patrons just such information as
is needed in regard to different races
and where they may be secured.^
Editor.

A BEAUTIFUL BEE CALENDAR.

As a token of kind remembrance,
we have received from Mr. W. F.
Marks, president of the New York
State Association of Bee-Keepers' So-
cieties, a handsome calendar for 1905,
upon which is embossed a half-dozen
heads of clover, in natural colors and
gold against a field of blue; with a
huge worker bee on the wing, also
embossed in colors. A number of
smaller bees embossed in white and
gold give added beauty to the piec^
as well as emphasize its apiarian ap-r
plication. The whole is attached to
heavy Kitchell mat-board and' tied
with a blue ribbon. It has been given
a prominent place by the editor'^
desk.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

37

be duly noted in Mr. Davis' own plain
style, so all will be clearly understood
by the uninitiated.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

W. T, FALCONER MANFG.

PROPRIETORS.

H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

Co

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice. <

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

Advertising Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 16th of each month to insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Falconer, N. Y.

The Swarthmore Shops presided
over by that versatile genius, E. L.
Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa., have issued
another nicely illustrated booklet on
queen-rearing by the Swarthmore
methods. Its title is, 'Baby Nuclei."
It is "hand made," and is brim full of
interest to those interested in the
rearing of queens. Swarthmore is a
real disseminator of enthusiasm.

The American Buscuit Company,
one of the most extensive baking in-
stitutions in the world, and, by the
way, heavy consumers of extracted
honey, it is said, advise consumers of
its product to "spread with honey."
Should the National Biscuit Company
incorporate such good advice into its
general advertising, wholesome results
may be expected to accrue to honey
producers.

Articles for publication or letters exclp
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fin

Subscribers receiving their paper in blm
wrapper will know that their subscription ex
pires with this number. We hope that yon
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper inaicates tha-
you owe for your subscription. Please giv.
the matter your earliest attention.

Older and (perhaps) wiser contem-
poraries have said that the United
States has nothing to fear from West
Indian competition in the honey bus-
iness. The American Bee-Keeper has
and continues to maintain that West
Indian competition is to become a
very formidable competitor for Amer-
incan trade in our line. Last season
saw the introduction of the conditions
prophesied. Let the reader observe
the results of 1905 in this connection,
and judge as to whether we are upon
a solid footing under the present tar-
iff schedule.

The Bee-Keeper has arranged with
Mr. W. J. Davis, 1st, of Youngsville,
Pa., one of the successful veteran bee-
keepers, to write a series of historical
letters for publication. Every season
adds hundreds of new readers to our
subscription list^ and to these espe-
cially, will this series be interesting
and instructive, as all the important
events in the history, of apiculture in
America from 1845 to the present will

A BASE REFLECTION.

"Is that all The Bee-Keepers that go
to that State?" queried a green assist-
ant in our mailing department last
month, as he lifted the Kansas bun-
dle into the mail sack. "Kansas ought
to be good for bees," he continued,
with the know-it-all air that charac-
terizes green hands.

"Why should it be good for bees?"
asked the old hand, who, of course,
has; the nectar-yielding capacity of
every state and territory down pat.

"Well, it's good for nothing else,
and it ought to be good for some-
thing " came the prompt response.

We have great hopes for the future
ot this recent acquisition.

38

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

CAPT. ROBINSON'S APIARY IN
CUBA.

Elsewhere in this number of The
Bee-Keeper we have the pleasure of
presenting a splendid picture of the
apiary and "la casa" of Capt. H. H.
Robinson, of Cuba.

Just now, when the greater portion
of our great country is clad in a man-
tle of snow and the hum of the bee
has been hushed by the menacing
blasts of winter, it is interesting to
have a glimpse of summer life as it
exists in our "cute little sister" re-
public— Cuba, with its fleecy, tropical
clouds, its picturesque mountain peaks
and placid inland waters softly tinted
by a summer sun.

Capt. Robinson is an American boy,
with whom the writer of this sketch
has spent many weeks indulging in
bee work bee chats, cruising; and
photography. He is an excellent pho-
tographer as well as an expert apiar-
ist; and is an amateur navigator of th?
first class. The little apiary and palm-
thatched home, nestled among the
great banana stalks, surrounded by his
family, represents the realization of
"life's dream," to the genial captain,
without a doubt, for a home and an
apiary in Cuba's delightful climate
was always a favorite picture in his
mind's eye, as evidenced by his par-
tiality to this theme.

That he may feel enjoyment as keen
in its participation as he did in its an-
ticipation, is the wish of The Bee-
Keeper.

WIRING BROOD FRAMES.

The practice of wiring frames to
support the foundation, it appears, is
becoming more popular than former-
\y. Following the introduction of the
practice, wires were used vertical, hor-
izontal and diagonal. In fact, the
idea seemed to prevail that if a few
wires were a good thing, a lot of wires
were a correspondingly better thing;
and the frames that were wired at all
were usually made a network of wires.

The next advance step, perhaps,
was that of abolishing all but the ver-
tical wires, of which three or four
were used. Now the thing has sim-
mered down to about two to four hor-
izontal wires, as a general thing; and
this, indeed, seems sufficient — much
better, in fact, than the vertical style,

February,.

for there is no possibility of the foun-
dation sliding down a horizontal wire,
as was sometimes the case when
none but the vertical wire was used.
The credit for the introduction of hor-
izontal wiring, we believe, belongs to
Mr. Geo. E. Hilton, of Fremont, Mich.,^
who was using this system in the ear*-
ly eighties.

RESULTS IN WINTERING.

Functional Conditions May Have a
Bearing Upon the Matter.

Mr. A. C. Miller, of our staff, who
is unquestionably one of the most
studious apiarian investigators of our
day, submits the following:

Apropos of early and thorough
preparation of bees for winter, the
value of a full larder early stocked,
the following from Newport may be
added. Probably it will be new to
most bee-keepers:

He says: "It is well known to tlie
cottager, that when the flowers have
not yielded an abundance of honey in
the latter part of the summer, the
bees in his hives will have less chance
of existing through the winter than
when the production of honey has
been plentiful. This latter circum-
stance may, perhaps, be said to arise
from a deficiency in the quantity of
honey stored up by the bees, but I
have strong reason for believing that
it arises chiefly from the bees being
in a worse bodily condition, and hav-
ing but a small quantity of nutriment
stored up within their own systems,
which alone enables them to pass
some portion of the winter in a state
of repose. If the female of the com-
mon bumble bee, Bombus lerrestris,
which sleeps through the winter and
appears early in the following spring,
be examined about the end of Sep-
tember, its abdomen is found to be
supplied with large bags of fat. At
that period the insect is less active
and evolves a smaller quantity of heat
than in the spring, when there is a
much lower temperature of the atmos-
phere. And if at that period the in-
sect be deprived of food, it will con-
tinue to live very much longer than
it would have lived, under similar cir-
cumstances, and exactly at the same
temperature of the atmosphere, in the
month of April."

I'.S-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

39

TIMES ARE CHANGING,
ack in the early eighties of the last
c<tury an attempt was made to es-
taish "The Stingless Bee Associa-
tiu of America." The promoter of
th worthy enterprise was to collect
SI 00 each from those who chose to
xDme members, and the cash was to
hay his expenses to Brazil in quest
jfi stingless race. Much of the ro-
ll ice which spiced apiarian periodi-
:a of that day has evaporated, leav-
n an atmosphere of prosy facts. Fig-
ir ively speaking, the regulation bee
onal of today has simmered down
ohe discussion of "when to put on
ii:rs."

BEE PRANKS.
B. Lewis Co., the "Beware" peo-
>li of Watertown, Wis., one of our
id'rtisers, have issued a unique
)Oclet, entitled, "Bee Pranks," in
vl-h is presented a number of fac
irle extracts of noteworthy news-
>a:r and trade journal extracts in
eird to bees. It's a "cute" thing,
n is interesting. We understand that
hi Lewis Company will mail a copy
re to anyone who will send them
htnames and addresses of five bee-
:e'ers. Or it will be sent for five

BEE CULTURE.

By Thos. Chantry,
the Progressive Poultry Jour-

le profit in keeping poultry is
ardy due to the foraging nature of
hefowls, in gathering up and turn-
nginto eggs and meat what would
'tlrwise go to waste. The same
3 ue of the honey bee, only to a
:Eeter extent. There are tons, yes.
nayf tons, of nature's best sweet,
-; to waste over our pastures and
and prairies, because there are

^ ees to gather up the sweetness.

^hen I went from Mt. Vernon,
'Oih Dakota, in 1897, I found about
W( hundred colonies (or hives) of

ee in Clay and Yankton counties,
capered here and there a few. When
ski how much honey they yielded

0 than their living, many people

i'they got a little some years, and
on years none. My experience soon
heed that there was a time, after
ru: bloom in May until about the

25th of June when bees were in a
starving condition, as there were no
nectar-yielding flowers during that
period, and as bees are rearing thou-
sands and thousands of young ones
at that time, they soon used up their
supply and some actually starved to
death, while others ran down and
decreased rather than increased. To
overcome this, if I hau no honey to
feed, I placed a shallow pan or crock
in the super, or surplus box on top
of the combs or nest, and lined it
both inside and out with cheese cloth,
or an old flour sack, then made a
syrup of equal parts of best granu-
lated sugar and water and poured two
or three pounds into it every few days.
This was fed to the young ones and
Kept them in a strong, healthy condi-
tion, and when the summer flowers be-
gan blooming, the bees rushed out by
the tens of thousands and soon had
gathered in a nice lot of as fine honey
as anyone need want, while the col-
onies allowed to starve or run down,
had no bees to spare to go to the
fields, consequently I got an average
of eighty pounds surplus per colony
one year, while some choice colonies
yielded over two hundred pounds
each.

The winter is a great drawback to
bees, if left to themselves. Some win-
ters they may come through without
loss, and so might your hens roost in
trees and get through all right with
not more loss than frosted combs and
a few short toes, but a bad winter and
not one of them would be left. It is
the same with the bees, but I succeed-
ed in saving every good, strong
healthy colony by putting them in any
cellar where potatoes would keep well.
Just set them with entrance in the
corner a foot or more from the
ground, one on top of the other as
high as you can. The entrance must
also be three or four inches higher
than the back end. Then hang any
old thing around them so they will
not get the least bit of light. Just
make them think it is the longest,
darkest night that ever was, and don't
disturb them by touching or jarring
the hives. When there is a fine, balmy
day in the last days of March, or first
of April, set them out on the same
stand they were on last fall, and they
will come out as if it was only yester-
day that they were carried in the
cellar. They should be carried in be-

40

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Februa

fore real winter sets in, at night after
a pleasant day in November seems to
give best results.

I write especially about the care of
bees during the starving time in the
spring and the safely bringing of them
through the winter, because these
things seem to be the greatest draw-
backs to the successful keeping of
bees in this state and supplying our
tables^ from what now goes to waste,
with honey from the various clovers,
mostly alfalfa and red and sweet clov-
er, and in the eastern, or rather
southeastern part, white clover and
many wild flowers, shoestring. Ver-
vain snowdrop, and the ever present
and abundant goldenrod.

There is another subject I wish to
mention, viz: The purity of honey.
Several years ago there were stories
started about the artificial making of
comb honey, and it has been handed
on, and many reports of factories and
places where it was made. The Na-
tional Bee-keepers' Association was
organized by the leading bee-keepers
of the United States and Canada for
the express purpose of fighting the
adulteration of honey. We realized
that any mixture fixed up by man,
lowered the food value and flavor of
honey, and consequently 1/urt our bus-
iness, and our organization has done
all in its power to get pure food legis-
lation in the States and United States.
And our committees have searched for
this bogus honey far and near, and a
reward has been out for years to any-
one finding the manufactured or ma-
chine-made honey. In all my experi-
ence, I have never seen bees build
surplus honey when ted and I do not
believe it can be done without loss.
The following letter, from our na-
tional general manager, explains it-
self, and he is ready to back all his
statements;

The National Bee-Keepers'

Association.

General Manager's Office,

Platteville, Wis., Oct. loth, 1903.

The stories told about artificial
comb honey being made, or sold, have
not the slightest foundation in fact.
There still exist a few people ovpr-
wise in their judgment, who do not
know the truth about honey, and are
too free to report what is not true.
As general manager of the National
Bee-Keepers' Association, I wish to
say, there is not, and never was. a

pound of artificial comb honey. ]
one ever saw^ or knew of any su
being sold. For years there has be
a standing offer made by a relial
firm (a charter member of N. B. K
whose responsibility is unquestione
of $1,000 for a single pound of co;
honey made without the interventi
of bees. The offer still holds go
No extracted honey, as it comes dir
from the bee-keeper, is adulterat
There are but few places in the Ui
ed States where dealers have dared
offer the same for sale. State fc
laws define the penalties for the sai
The National Bee-Keepers' Asso(
tion, of about 1,600 members, scatt
ed throughout every State and Ca.^
da. are each one carefully watch
for any adulterated honey on tl
market. Should any be found,
facts would be made known to pro
officers, the goods analyzed, and
found adulterated, the guilty par
at once dealt with in accordance v
the State laws. N. E. Franct

A NEWSPAPER VERSION.

The daily political papers make
many blunders when they talk ab
bees that we get discouraged so
times trying to set them right,
here is an article from the Chic
Chronicle which seems too good t(
missed. The article says: "'Just
there are valuable strains in hor
cattle and other stock, so there are
rieties of queen bees which are w(
many hundred times their weigh'
gold. The most valuable strain is
Italian and many Italian bee farn
demand and receive without ques'
prices ranging from $50 to $200 f(
single queen bee of a certain k
Such bees are sent all over the wo
The owner of a bee farm near Otta
Canada, goes to Europe annually
brings back with him bees of an
gregate value of thousands of poui
He is enabled through the agencj
an Italian firm; to effect insura
upon the most valuable of his qud
This bee farmer has many strange
periences in connection with the
sistants he is obliged to engage,
course, all bee keepers must submi
a certain amount of stinging. Bu
some cases the poison in the sting:
directly upon the assistants
makes them alarmingly ill. Others
immune, though stung hundreds

35.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

41

ines. Bee farmers are often applied
f by persons suffering from rheuma-
fm, who wish to place themselves in
tj way of being stung. And, strange
i it may seem, the virtue of the bee
cng does often act as a cure to per-
sris suffering from serious attacks of
mimatism." Now we are always
sxious to have the daily papers boom
t; bee business, but we would be
gid to have the Chronicle reporter
SDw us the man who has paid $200
i a queen bee. We would also like
t have him point out the man near
(tawa, Canada, who goes to Eu-
ne annually, bringing back with him
h-"s that aggregate in value into the
tDusands of pounds. We would also
Ij; to know where the firm is lo-
ced that insures bees in transit. We
h^e no objections to reporters mak-
ii the bee business look as big as
pisible, but we believe it would have
aetter effect in the end if they would
kp within the bounds of truth. We
fil like suggesting to all first-class
dlies that they employ a good bee-
k per and give him a position on the
sff of reporters, and then they will
n get so many wild stories m the
pter about bees, but they will be fur-
nhed with some things which will
p ve very interesting to their read-
e — Modern Farmer and Busy Bee.

HISTORICAL SCRAPS.

Sectional brood chamber"
we used as early as 1803.

You cannot sweeten your mouth
saying 'Honey.' " — Turkish Pro-

. German book of 1692 says bees
ai fond of music; when one threat-
en, you whistle a merry tune and he
■w be pacffied!

t has been said that an unusually
eey expulsion of drones is an indi-
«on that the bees have superseded
tbr old queen.

\^o

F(

;rman adage: —
who hath thriving sheep in his
fold,
se wife is not given to bluster
and scold
ose bees are aye wont to swarm in
due season,

grumbling and growling hatJi
surely no resaon."

(4

The American Boy"

N4AQAZINE

The Biggest, Brightest, Best Boys' Maga-
zine In the World.

BOl'S LIKE IT BECA USE IT TREA TS
0/ everything Boys are Interested in

PARENTS LIKE IT

and their boyj! like to have it, because of its
pure and manly tone and the hi^h character
of its contents. It i.s the only succes,sful at-
tempt to chain a boy's interest and give him
the kind of reading matter that he wants
served to him in such a way as to stir his
ambition, uplift and inspire him. Boys want
reading matter as much as "grown-"ups" if
they can get the right kind. If parents sup-
ply them the wishy-washv kind, or none at
all, they usually manage to get the kind they
oughtn't to have, and boy-bandits and would-
be "Deadwood Dicks" are the result.
YOUR BOY WILL LIKE
"1HE AMERICAN BOY"
and you will like him to have it, for it is in
teresting, instructive, and educative. Au
thorities pronounce it the ideal boys' maga.
zine. It has been a tremendous success, gain,
ing nearly 125,000 subscriptions in four years'
and the parents of our subscribers say "it de
serves a million more. As one parent writes"
"/« )>jy opinion THE AMERICAN
■ BOV ivorks a two-fold purpose. It
makes a man out of a boy, and it makes
a boy out of a full-groivn man."

No publication for young people is paying
so much money for high-clasg literarv matter'
for its readers as is."THE American- Boy."

. . IT IS. PUBLISHING

KIRK MUNROE'S NEW $1,000.00 .STORY

Subscriotion Price of "The American Boy"

( I Year ) =. = .,. ji go

Subscription Price of American Bee-Keeper .50

Total T $1.50
Both for Only = - = = = gg

Address

American Bee-Keeprer, Falcone N. Y.

42

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Februa

BRIEF REVIEW OF SIMMINS'
BOOK.

By Arthur C. Miller .

"Three Hundred Pounds per An-
num from Thirty Acres, or a Modern
Bee Farm and Its Economic Manage-
ment" is the title of a book recently
issued in England and written by
Mr. Samuel Simmins, a prominent
bee-keeper of that country, it is
worthy of more than a passing notice,
in fact American bee-keepers would
do well to purchase it.

The author starts out by stating it
as his intention "to adhere strictly to
the science of practical bee-keeping."
but he soon wanders oflf onto poultry
and cattle. One can forgive him this
when viewing the pictures of his fine
Jerseys.

The first chapter, entitled "Bee Cul-
ture as a Profession and for Rrecre-
ation." begins with a homily on farm-
ing, with bees as an adjunct, drifts to
how to learn bee-keeping, how to
start, where to locate, growing crops,
capital to invest, moving bees, sale
of bees and queens, manufacture of
suppli ;s, and concludes with some in-
teresting remarks on bee-keeping for
recreation.

The next chapter, on "How to Han-
dle," begins with precautions against
robbing, then "driving," "transfer-
ring," "uniting," "smoke," "gloves,"
veils." "sting cures," etc. And so
the chapters go, jus tas most of us
"talk bees," drifting from one part to
another. The lack of order and con-
tinuity detract from the pleasure of
the book. Beside this, the paper and
binding are poor, the illustrations are
scattered indiscriminately, without re-
gard to the text, and many "head" and
"tail-pieces" are used, which, while
having no connection with bees or
bee-keeping, take up valuable room
and add to the expense without add-
ing to the beauty of the work. Per-
haps Mr. Simmins is not to blame for
these latter faults, but the first edi-
tion of his book, published in 1887.
warranted our expecting much better
than we have in this edition. How-
ever, the good things are so numerous
and the teling of them so plainly be-
speaks the work of an experienced
hand, that the shortcomings may well
be overlooked. Mr. S. is a firm be-
liever in planting for honey, and uses

for such purposes crops of value
hay, etc. His figures of costs and
turns are interesting. In consider;
poultry as an adjunct to a bee fai
he tells of a profit of $5 a head, wl
in this country $1 to $1.50 each is ci
sidered good.

The chapter on swarming has irn
points quite different from Amerit
practices and beliefs. The one
queen-rearing is valuable, and then
a profitable chapter on the product
of wax and the non-use of foundati
Much is said on the use of honey
food and medicine, but bears rat
heavily on the medical profession.

Like all enthusiastic bee-keepers,
has tried hrs hand at inventing, i
with results that are worth studyii
Some of his conclusions as to '
them in hive construction are radi*
ly different from notions on this s
habits and his methods of meet
of the "pond."

Mr. Simmins is much irritated
the cool way some of his discove)
and inventions have been appropria
as original by writers over here;
some of the things which he consici
as original with him — direct introdi
tion, for instance, which Huber pi
ticed a hundred years ago— are ■
dently claimed under a misappreh
sion. Some other things appearec
old English works. But there is
to be said for Mr. S. — he has, in m
cases, rediscovered these old thi
and, by modernizing and making pi
tical. made them of use to us.

The final chapter is called. "Fl
flight." and consists of a collectior
paragraphs which are sort of af
thoughts, and relate to various s
jects.

Mr. Simmins is a "free lance," :
when he has an idea for an expi
ment or practice, goes ahead, reea
less of curre.ntly accepted beli'
This independence has led hirti
afield, sometimes ahead, sometit
backward, but it has made the rest
of his work as given in his hook
cidedly worth reading.

Providence, R. I., Jan. 6.. 1905.

Screws for compressing spai
frames were used as early as 1861.

"There seems to be a hidden qual
in some men which renders them (
agreeable to bees." — Wildman.

^LIN

'he Marlin Fire Arms Company

The Marlin
12 Gauge
Take-Down Repeater,

is the fastest and most accurate duck gun
made. It combines the balance and ease of
action of the best double gun with the supe-
rior shooting and sighting of a single barrel.
The unique Marlin Breechbolt which shuts
out rain and water and keeps the shells dry
makes it the ideal bad-weather gun. Made
for both black and smokeless powders and to
take heavy loads easily. A famous gun for hard usage.

There are a lot of good duck stories in the Marlin Experience
Book. Free with Catalogrue for 3 stamps.

42 Willow Street
NEW HAVEN, CONN.

ATENTS

romptly obtained OR NO FEE. Trade-Marks,
aveats. Copyrights and Labels registered.
WBNTT YEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references,
end model, sketch or photo, for free report
a patentability. All business confidential.
[AND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells
tow to Obtain and Sell patents. What Inventions
Vill Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
lechanical movements, and contains 300 other
iobjects of importance to inventors. Addre8S,

i B. WILLSON & CO. ^^X>

ox 288 Willson BIdg. WASHINGTON, 0. "

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Iffalo, Jan. 14. — Very fancy comb huney
caibe sold readily, but lower grades have to
be ut and pushed hard, and si.-ll slow then.
rb supply of fancy honey is moderate, with
?©• demand for this grade. We ipiote our
Tia et today: Fancy, 14c. to 15c. Extracted,
c. 0 8c. Beeswax, 28c. to 33c.

Batterson & Co.

Jiston, Jan. 8. — The market is without
chs3;e since last quotations. The demand
co^nues light and supply is more than
line. Blake, Scott & Lee.

( cago, Jan. 24.— The trade in honey is not
arr. and the offerings, on the contrary, are
}Va< liberal. This makes an easy market for
beiuyer. Fancy white comb, 12^c. to 13c.
Kx icted white, 6c. to 7c., according to flavor,
!^o , 12c. and 12i^c. Off grades, 10c. to lie.
lUJ;y and package. Anything off, about one
■en lower. Amber grades, 5J4c, to 6Kc.
Setvax, 29c. to 30c. per pound.

' R. A. Burnett & Co.

1- South Water St.

Ccinnati, Dec. 30. — Since our last report

^""ublished, the price of extracted honey

vanced, no doubt acting in sympathy

Tie sugar market. We quote amber ex-

Say Boys ;^re"SS

acres of good land or $5000
in Cash to start business
with when you come of age.

Or if you want three years at
some first-class college you can
have that. Your father may not
be financially able to give you
this, but I have plans that will
enable any bright energetic 14
year old boy to do for himself
just as I say above. It will not
keep you out of school or inter-
fere with your regular work.
It is a business jou can work
on the side. It will help make
a business man of you. I will
send full particulars free and help
just one boy in each school dis-
trict to learn the work; you want
to be that boy. When the other
boys learn what you are doing
they will want to get in too.
It will cost them $30.00 cash pach
for a start and they will have to
learn how from you.

Write at once giving coun-
ty, township and school-
district you live in. Write
UNCL£ JOE, Spencer, Ind.

tracted honey in barrels at 6c. to 6Hc. White
clover extracted in barrels and cans at 6J4 to
Syic. Fancy comb honey, 13c. to 14c. Bees-
wax, 28c. The Fred W. Muth Co.
51 Walnut St.

» « »

The Russian navy would be a joke
if it didn't happen to be such a nui-
sance.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

-THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
i Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
and Camiolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDlx.A, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

/^UEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
v<^ Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested.
$lT60. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

DJ. HLOCHKR, Pearl City, 111., breeder of
• Fine ItaliaD Bees and Queens. Our stock
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock guar-
anteed. Free information Jan. 6

I AVVRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113,
^ PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

CH. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
(Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
•J has greatly enlarged and improved his
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Car-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's
golden; all selects. Q.miolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

QUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

WJ. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, I
• breeder of Choice Italian Bees
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my mo

QUEENS HKKE. We are still asking yo
give us your trade. We sell Italians. Gol(
and Oarniolaus at, 75c for untested aud$I.O(
tested. Prices on quantities and nuclei upon
plication. John W. Pharr, Berchiir, Texas. J

I

o WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWAR":
O MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfac
quaranteed. Correspondence in Eng
French, German and Spanish. Shipment:
all parts of the world.

A RE YOU LOOKING FOR QUEENS?
so I can furnish you queens of the fol
inging races by return mail: Three- and !
banded Italians, Cyprians, Holy Lands, Cs
olans and Albinos. Untested of either i
75c. each; select untested, $1.00 each; six
$4.00; twelve for $8.00; tested, of either i
$2.00 each; six for 10.00; one dozen, $1!
Breeders, $4.60 each. Safe arrival guarant
B. H. Stanley, Beeville, Texas. Aug.

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, ML
Superior stock queens, $1.50 es
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year

only $2.00.

U/ W. GARY & SON, LYONVIL!

MASS., Breeder of choice Italian 1

and queens. Imported Leather and Root's '

Clover strains. Catalog and price list free'

M OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STR^
' ' of Italians become more and more po
lar each year. Those who have tested tl
know why. Descriptive circular free to
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky

p UNIC BEES. All other races are
*■ carded after trial of these wonderful b
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & <
Sheffield, England.

UONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale,
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1
Thos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug.

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

p?~ Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

P-

H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
kves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
imple, and state price expected delivered
1 Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
id state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

\ are always in the market for extracted
oney, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
s a sample and your best price delivered
:re. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
ut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS-
ASS' N, 1440 Market St, Denver, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

(ent-a=Word Column.

IBAOCO HEARTS— Many have them and
m't know it. Symptoms are: General weak-
'ss, stomach troubles. 'nervousness, etc. It's
sy to stop and be strong, Shakers' complete
liucco cure $1.00. Satisfaction guaranteed or
niiey returned. Shaker Chemical Co., Station
F," Cincinnati, Ohio.

VNTED— Correspondence with bee keepers
uth of Pennsylvania, east of Mississippi
ver, in good honey localities free from bee
soases, concerning price of bees, early honey
)w, climate, etc. Chas L Todd, Hartwick

• 'tminary, N. Y. 5-2-lt

Bee=Keepers' Club

•TCREASE" is the title o£ a little book-
It by Swarthmore; tells how to make up
|inter losses without much labor and with-
it breaking- up full colonies; entirely new
an. 25 cents. Prospectus free. Address
L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7-tf

Modern Farmer, one year,
Silk Front Bee Veil, - -
Gleanings in Bee Culture,

one year, . . -

Langstroth on Honey Bee,
American Bee Journal,

new only, - - -

.50
.50

1.00
1.20

1.00

$4.20

All of the Above only $2.50

First two $.50; first three, $1.25; first
four, $2.10.

New subscribers for the A. B. J can
subst tute it for Gleanings if they wish.
Renewals for the A. B J add 40c more
to any club. Western Bee Journal can
be substituted for either bee paper. No
changes will be made in these offers.

Write for other clubbing offers.

MODERN FARMER

The Clean Farm Paper
ST. JOSEPH, = . I- MISSOURI

APANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
ist J150, in first-class condition, was built to
der for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
r $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
ess J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
'e., Jamestown, N. Y.

A':NTS wanted to sell advertising nov-
s, good commission allowed. Send for
talogue and terms. American Manufac-
ring Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

■^ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»4»»»»»44»»M»MMM»'

{: QUEENS AND BEES

Have you ever tried my queens? If not, I should be glad to
have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PB RFECT SATISFAGTION.

I have three-banded Italians, Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Testetl, $1.50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nuci ei a specialty.

B. H STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-.5tf

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words aud music;
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man of
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popular
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid for
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupon
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning in
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce out
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tt Grand Rapids, Hichigan

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies" Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANC 0 $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERQES PUBLISHING CO.

Dep . H. D Grand Rapid Mich

Are You Looking
for a Home?

If so send for a copy of The Farm aiK
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver
tised in it from nearly every state in th'
Union; also city property of all kinds aii(
stocks of goods for sale or exchangee. S'
that anyone looking for a home or a loca
tion can find anything he wishes in thi
Journal. It reaches 33.000 readers ever
issue and is one of the best advertislui
mediums to reacir"tlie farmer~and home
seeker. Advertising rates 2c per wore
for small ads, or $1 per inch single oolumi
each insertion. Send 75c and we wii
mail you the Journal for one year, or fo
10c in silver or stamps we will send it fo
two months' on trial Aud lournal wil
be stopped at the end of two months i
you don't renew. No copies sent free.
H-Feb. tf

Farm & Real Estate Journa

Traer, Tama Co, Iowa

(^Mmou ^^vkl

,«akJ;?.V wA.X"""^ """'»f!i

fooA i»"e».\) lit \l»''« ci>m<««w>

uV>ikViAunt ui^A ^tc

Oft itrrnv^ vo>«"vi »jout coftveiiU"*

J. %. (S\sv^t&Y(S,iottV\cxe,e, 1\6t\A.(

SHEEP'S M(\
TO WEARERJ

We manufacture fine all wool cloths, in
the latest novelties and colorings, suitai
for Men's, Women's and Children's we
Will cut in lengths to suit. Send for sampM
Our Drices will interest you. I

^ GLENLUCE WOOL' * MILLS, I
Sale *'*4 BROAOV /, New Y«r

I publish and recoinmend to you

THE

Rural Bee=Keeper

The best all-round 50o monthly Vjee-.jour-
nal in Anierioj. On trial three mouths
for this ad with 10c. Clubbed with this
publication, both for one year for 70c, or
send us 25 cents for a three months' trial
and your name and address on 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inkinp: pad 25o extra. Or
send $1 and jjet the Rural Bee Keeper and
an untested Italian Queen Bee. Samiile
copy free. Agents aet liberal terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee Kives

and sells them at reast nable prices.
New catalogue now ready. Address

W. H. PUTNAM

DEPARTMENT 14-W RIVER FALLS. WIS.

National Bee-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure

Fifty Dollars in Gold for Three
Cents.

Send us on a postal card the address of ten
farmers. We will send each a copy of the
"Agricultural Epitomist" and solicit their
subscription. We will send you the paper
three months free for your trouble.

To the person sending the best list of names
we will present $25.00 in gold; 2nd best, $15.00;
3rd best, $10.00.

We will keep an accurate record of the num-
ber of subscribers we secure out of each list
and the persons from whose lists we secure
the greatest number subsribers by March 15,
1905, will receive above prizes. In case three
ot more lists produce equal results we reserve
the right to divide the fifty dollars equally be-
tween them.

Remember — Send just ten names from one
I P. O. Do not send names of children or peo-
ple not interested in farming. We give away
I the $50.00 in order to get select lists and you
j cannot get your share of it unless yoti
chose the names carefully.

The "Agricultural Epitomist" is the only
agricultural paper edited and printed on a
farm. Our six hundred and fifty acres are de-
\- to practical agriculture and fine stock

A we are offering hundreds of thoroughbred
1 pigs and fancy poultry as premiums for sub-
scription work. A pig or a trio of poultry easy
to get under our plan. Write for particulars.
AGRICULTURAL EPITOMIST,
Spencer, Ind.

ABooa
For

MtrKeerrs

How w« make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new Bystem, our

I ^_ own method, fully explained in

our Illustrated Poultry Book which contains
PouUry Keeperc' Aoo'tand Egg Record Bhowing
gains or losses eve:- month for one year. Worth 25
ct9, sent to you for 1 i o. If you will send names of 5
Doultry keepers with your order. Address,
I O. 8. VIBBERT. P-B. 66, Cllntonville. Coniv

The Graham-Hyde Bee Co*

SFECI A 1 .TIES
Falconer's Bee=Keepers' Supplies t^.^XL^)S:^.n^1^l^Z^?^''^::^^

western slates and Mexico. Send for special catalog, etc.

R<»ac anrl Oii^Anc All leading races. Bees and Nuclei in any quantity for distant

UCCS ctllU yUCClia shipments a specialty. Send for circular and prices.

HoneV and Wax l^'^^^Kht and sold. Honey cans in seascjn ; be sure and get our

Our Mntf n '^"" ^'"^^^ everything the bee-keeper needs and to buy his products in return.
V/Ur iTlUllU Correspondence earnestly solicited.

The Graham-Hyde Bee Company

SICCESSORS TO THE HYDE BEE SIPPLY CO., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

DON'T KIlLb

YOU RSELF. WAtHING THi " "^
WAY, BUT auv AM E M P I n Ej
V/ASHBR. wi*kwkiUktk4

fraiUtt viommn mm d» •«» •r-
dinary vtki»0 *A •«• h*ur,
without w«Mmi# A«r ^fub.
SampU atvlfUt^Prie*. Batisfaetion OnaTsntcad.
lf»p»U until trUd, Wril«/or JlluttraUd CataUgiM
mnaprieM •/Wrmttrt, Ironing Tabl**, Clothe* /tjWi
PryincBart, Wa§»nJmAt,Se. ArentiWantad. Lib-
•ralTarmi. QaiokSalafl LitUaWorkll Biff PvUI
Ad4r«M,TmMKun%mW ktmrna. C«.,Jaa«rt«WB.l|.T.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: "'-'sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

■hou.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouw; writtea M'
pecially for amateun. Second adition just aa'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less thaa two year*
Editor York says: "It i« the £nest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 2* oanta; bjr
Kail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a liTC, progres«iTe, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
year for 66c. Apply to any first-class dealer, vt
addrasB

LEAHY MFG CO,, Hit»i«.iu.,«..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^*^*^ *° ^^*^^

Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addf*)*s in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 t;ents, providing yoil
n* iution American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
^ arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
' /y and Fashion. It's the best pa-
v»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

The Bee=Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

Opportunities for making money out of
bee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
keeper with a single apiary, from which he
makes a living in a good year, and nothing in
a poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

secure a good location, if not already in pos-
session of one, adopt such methods as will en-
able him to branch out and manage several
apiaries, he will find that in a good year he can

Pile up Honey

ton upon ton — enough to support himself and
family for several years. The Review is help-
ing bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

in making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ing of a good location; and the Review even
goes so far as to discover anu make known
desirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
that of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
able strain; and, having had years of experi-
ence with all the leading varieties of bees, the
editor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
his readers where to get the best stock. Still
further, the Review teus how to make

Rapid Increase,

how to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
single season, into an apiary of 100 or more
:olonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
keeper must learn how to manage them so as
o be able to establish in out-apiary here, and
mother there, and care for them with weekly
I'isits — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
'vhen extracted honey is produced. It is in
eaching bee-keepers how to thus

Control S^varming,

hat the Review has been, and is still, doing
ts best work. If a man only knows how, he
an care for several apiaries now as easily as
e once cared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the next
step is that of selling it. This is the most
neglected, yet

The Most Important Problem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, and
one that the Review is working the hardest to
solve. So many men work hard all summer,
produce a good crop, and then almost give it
away. The Review is trying to put a stop t«
this "giving it away." It is showing, by the
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepers,
how the leisure months may be employed in
selling honey at prices that some of us would
call exorbitant. The men who have done this
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actual,
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able to
secure, as correspondents, men who have scat-
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them with
little or no help and made money. These men
are able to write from actual experience — they
know how they have succeeded, and can tell
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-keep-
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't aflford
not to

Read The Revieiir.

It will lead you and encourage you, and fill
you with ideas, and tell you how to do things
— show you how to enlarge your business and
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1.00 a
year; but, if you wish to become better ac-
quainted with it before subscribing.

Send Ten Cents
for three late, but different issues, and the ten
cents may apply on any suoscription sent in
during the year. A coupon will be sent en-
titling you to the Review one year for only
90 cents.

W. Z. H UTCH I NSON

lO-tf

FLINT, MICHIGAN

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-
ry family

^■^^^^^^^^^^^^ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUC K Y

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There aire a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a. copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yotu the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor-
ous stock in prime condition for
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO.,

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

ALLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS FOR

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HONBY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

IP IN JMBBD

state qnantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business
on the cash basis, in selling or buying

Full Slock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their factory prices.
SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Ave.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.

.lGENTS Wanted ' washin;

for our

g Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
riieaper than e"er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., ^Jamestown, N.Y.

The Towa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
■per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
ir ruit growing unless you read it.

iaiance of this year free to new
siscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,
^ Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

ATilTS

Mmptly obtained OR KO rrE. Trade-Marks,
M'eatj, Copyrights and Lahels registered.
I I'ENTT YEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.
IM model, sketch or photo, for fr»fe report
|( patentability. Al! business confidential.
UND-BOOE FtlEE. Explains everything. Tells
llw to Obtain and Sell Patents, What Inventions
I 111 Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best
Ivhanioal movements, and contains 300 other
Meets of importance i^; inventors. Address,

B. WiLLSO^

'90 F Street North.

, pn Patent
I UUi Attorneys
WASHINGTON, D. G.i

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, whicb
IS the best machine made
for use in the construction
of. Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO..
913 Ruby St.. Rockford. Ill .

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks

Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree, oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Jlntericam

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, |3 a
year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN iCo.36'B^°^«'-v. New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

TEE POOTHERN FMEB

ATHEJ\rS, GA.

Subscription 50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

HOME SEEKERS

AND INVESTORS, who are interest
ert in the Southern section of the
Union, should subscribe for THE
DIXIE HOMESEEKER, a handsome
illustrated magazine, describing thie
industrial development of the South,
and its many advantages to homeseek-
ers and investors. Sent one year on
trial for 15c. Address,

THE DIXIE HOMESEEKER,
West Appomattox, Va tf

^WE WERE AWARDED A=

GOLD MEDAI

ON OUR BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

AT ST. LOUIS, 190/

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Expositioi
at Omaha, 1900. Higest awards at World's Fair, Chicago,
the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo.

Root's Goods Are Prize Winners and Are Sold 1

World Over.

India

Ireland yji

Italy ^''

Jamaica ,.i

Japan -^

Manitoba fj

Mexico

Montserrat

Natal

Norway

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain

Sweden

Syria ^

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River (

Venezuela

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

Brit. Honduras

Cape Colony

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Germany

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungarj

In all States and Possessions of the United States
Provinces of Canada.

O-ULz? Oa,l3a,log ±oz? IQC

is now ready. If you wish a copy at oi^ce drop us a postal. It takes sot|
time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers.

THE A L ROOT COMPAr^l

BRANCHES:
Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vesey Street.
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Street!
San Antonio, Texas, i322 So. Flores Stil
Washington, D. C, 1100 Maryland Ave.
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

itered nt the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Kla., as second-class mail matter.

I

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to lighi
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, aid ir
consequence has made the larg(
land owners poor and finally freer
the land fi-om the original owner-
who would not sell until ihoy wei'
compelled to do so. There are som.
of the finest lands in the -narket a
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits
and berries; fine for stock. Yov
find green truck patches, such a;
cabbage, turnips, lettuf(», kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win
ter. The climate is the best all th.
year around to be found, not toi
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running ii
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months sub^cription ol

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

When writing to advertisers mention
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

A BA I Miuxup'

wher UMPIRE
taken man" Portable

Folding BATH TUB.

Used in any room.
AGEKTg Waxted.
Catalogue Free.
, The empire
^WASHER CO.,

jAMESTOWN,N.r.

SH/NEI

The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown,
N. Y., makes a Shine Cabiret, furnished with
foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber — in fact, all articles and materials need-
ed to keep shoes looking their best— rnd it is
made to be fastened to the wall of the toilet
room or kitchen. It does away with the vexa-
tious searching after these articles which is
altogether too common. A postal will bring
you details of this and other good things.

CURE CONSTIPATION. LIVER. BOWEL at

STOMACH TROUBLES.
10c. and 25c. per Box AsX Your Or

ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTES

35

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZI

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest lllustr
Magazine In the World for 10c a year, to ii
duce It only.

It is bright and up-to-date. T |i
all about Southern Home Life. l'
full of fine engravings of grand sc
ery, buildings and famous pec
Send at once. 10c. a year posti
anywhere in the U. S., Canada ji
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs c
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a c;
Money back if not delighted. Stai
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeept

Big Magazine S

One yearjn
in

^ _. _ .t. J

prefer it to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' £
Journal or McClure's. Send 10 cents to
pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dent
D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

MAPS.

A Test pocket Map of your St

New issue. These maps sho>R
the Counties, in seven colors,
railroads, postoffices — and m
towns not given in the postal gi
— rivers, lalces and mountains, v
index and population of count
cities and towns. Census — it gi
all official returns. We will &
you postpaid any state map';
wish for

20 cents

(silver^,

JOHN W. HANN,
Wauneta, N

i

i

Bee H i ves
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER IVIANFG. CO.,

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

Ji Jt IN FLORIDA ^ ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
orated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important tov^n in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy.

tL

The News, Fort Pierce^Fla

The Pacific States Bee Journal

AND THE

Rocky Mountain Bee Journal

Have been consolidated, and
will hereafter be published as
one journal under the name,

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL

The new publication will be
larger and better than either of
its predecessors, and its pub-
lisher will make every effort to
make it the best bee .iournal
published anywhere. It is pub-
lished in the west, where the
largest apiaries in the world are
located, and is therefore most in
touch with what is best and
most practical in beedom.

Write foi free Sample copy.

Subscription .$1.00 per annum.

P. F. ADELSBACH,
Editor and P.^blisher,
KINGSBURG, CALIFORNIA.

Nearly loo pages contained in o«
iiev^r 1905 catalog. Send for one.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

11 r^" .

IWATERTOWN.

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS CO.,
Water town, Wis.

Send f.
Catalo

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW \

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe ,
for the FLORIDA AQRICUL= j
TURIST. Sample copy sent \
on application.

E. 0. Painter Pub. Co. !

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

Bee=Keepers' Supplies

1 14 story 8 fram« L-Hive % ]

No. 1 sections Bee-way, per 1000 \

Plain a

No. 2, f c less.
24 lb. Shipping Cases, per 100 13

Berry Baskets, Hallock Boxes, Crates, e
kept ill stock and sold clieap. Send for list.

W. D. SO PE R

R. F. D. No. 3. .Jackson, M

SHEEP'S BACI
TO WEARER.

We manufacture fine all wool cloths, in «
the latest novelties and colorings, suitab
for Men's, Women's and Children's wea
Will cut in lengths to suit. Send for sample
Our prices will interest you.

* GLENLUCE WOOL' : MILLS,
Sale <'>4 BROADV i. New Yorl

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

A Fountain Pen

AND THE

American Bee-Keeper

I For Only Ninety Cents

IWe have made a contract with the makers

>l a first class Fountain Pen by which we

^n give one of these pens with the AMER-

1;AN BEE-KEEPER a year for only 90

IntS.

The Pen is 14k gold and first class in every
ly. It is worth $2.00 alone. If you wish to
ke advantage of this offer we will accept
bscriptions for 1906 from present subscrib-
s. Address

he AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER
Falconer, N. Y.

^percent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

ike a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

Ively Lake Region of South Florida.

0 er cent, annual return on investment.

'ure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
lie and oak land, bordered by fresh water
1 es, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
',od title. Time payments. Address for de-
siptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
' ■ Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business <lirect to 'WashinKton, i
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to IT. S. Patent Office. FREE prellmln- i
• ary examinations made. Atty's fee not dne until patent (
' is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS <
I ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," '
I etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Slggeri '
[receive special notice, without charge, in the]

INVENTIVE AGE

J illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year.
;Li U. UluULnUiWASHINGTbN.'D. c! I

KTf If, EINGHAI
-^■'■J has made all the im-
7 provements in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too larg- strit

postpaid, per mail *1 .j'J

3!^ inch l.!0

Knife, 80 cents. .3 inch l.il'J

2^ inch 9U

r. F.Bingham, ??"';'',,;■ ■;,"o-- •«?

_ .. •-. . Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Mich.

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

Thin Flat Bottom FomdatioH

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is t©
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <£ SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

! J. STRINQHAM, 105 Park PI., N. Y. City

Tested Italian Queens, _ _ - $1.00 each

I lb. Sq. Honey Jars, _ _ _ $5.00 gross

No. 25 Jars, - - - - - $5.75 gross

\2 02. Jar. burnishtd tin cap, - - $5.00 gross

liscount on more than one gross. Extracted honey always
jj on hand at from 5 1-2 to 8 cents pound.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. We remit imme-
diately upon receipt of Shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

References : r o

German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0.
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

t^^^lioH- CI NCI N NATI, O.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address —

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKKEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy and 64-paee catalogue, FREE
6-ti'

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOTJRNA

A monthly journal devoted to agi^
cultural interests. Largest circulatici
of any agricultural paper in the wes^
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, N'
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
Itf Lincoln, Neb.

I SELL

HONEY, BEES,
LAND and TIMBiER.

TtlOS. WORTHINQTON.

I.EOTA, MISS.

SEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

THE AMERICAN FARMER

FOR YOURSELF, ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER, JamestownN. Y

Vol. XV

HARCH, 1905.

No. 3

HERSHISER COMBINED HIVE STAND AND BOTTOM BOARD

(Patent Applied For.)

I

'•-pi

By Orel L. Hershiser, Esq.

''HE COMBINED hive stand and
bottom board here illustrated
and described, were designed
'or certain de.sirable objects and pur-
|)oses; not provided for in any of the
iiives,'or in the stands or bottom boards
)elonging thereto.
These objects and
>iu'pO'Ses will clear-
y appear in the fol-
owing description
n which reference
s made to the ac-
•ompanying illu«-
rations.

The object of this
live stand and bot-
om board may be
nnimarized as fol-
3ws:

I'irst, to provide

lietter and >safer
ee hive for use in
rintering bees in
ellars or special
epositories.

Second, to pro-
ide a bee hive in
■hich the safe and
jasy moving of
ees is accomplish-
:1, cont r i b u ti n g
le most important item of safety and
omfort to the apiarist engaged in
ligratory bee keeping or who runs one
r more out-apiaries.

Third, to provide a structure in

hlch the size of the entrance may be
uickly and effectually regulated to
ny desired size to suit the needs of
le colony.

OREL L. HERSHISER

Fourth, to provide a hive in which
it is possible to bring the bees under
the absolute control of the apiarist,
should they engage in robbing.

P'ifth, to provide, a bottom board
which will prevent the clogging of the
entrance to the
hive with dead bees
in outdoor winter-
ing; which will en-
able the removal of
the dead bees from
the hive oy the bees
of the colony with-
out the latter going
outside of shelter;
and a bottom board
which will prevent
the beating of rain,
snow or sleet into
the hive.

Sixth, to provide
a ready and expedi-
tious means of pre-
venting the melting
down of the combs
of the hive and the
consequent ruin of
the colony during
periods of intense
heat.

While the foregoing are the more
salient features it may be stated that
this stand and bottom board have num-
erous other important properties which
are self-suggesting to the thoughtful
apiarist but which space forbids to
detail here.

Fig. 1 i-s a perspective view of a hive
embodying the features of the stand

44

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEBPE«.

March,!

and bottom board, with the alighting
board in position and the entrance
open.

Fig. 2 is a vertical, longitudinal, sec-
tional elevation of a hive, hive stand
and bottom board, on a line near the
left side showing the relation of the
various part*, with the bottom and
alighting boards in normal position for
ordinary outdoor use.

Fig. 3 is a detail sectional view of
the lower portion of a hive, stand and
bottom board, on the same line as in
Fig. 2, showing the normal po.sition
of the stand and bottom board in win-
tering bee-s in the cellar, or for trans-
porting them, the bottom board being
dropped down to the bottom of the
hive stand, and the entrance closed.

Referring to the engravings, it will
be observed that the hive stand and

on the cleats which run the entire
length of the inside of the lower side
pieces. These cleats also serve as the
support of the bottom board when ad-
justed to its lower position as in Fig.
3. At the in-side rear end of the stand
a flexible Avire spring support is pro-
vided for the rear end of the bottom
board. When the bottom board is ia
its upper position, its rear end againsi
the inside rear end of the stand, and
held snugly against the shoulder form,
ed by cleats along the inside uppc
edges of the sides and rear end piece
of said stand, by such flexible wirl
spring and the bail, as shoAvn in Fig
2, the front board attached to the bot
tom board as and for an alighting
board, the hive proper is in its norma
condition for outdoor use.

The bail, shown in Fig. 2, may b(
inclined backward and held in positior'
by lugs on the under side of the bot

Fig. 1.

bottom board may be manufactured to
suit any hive, and that it is composed
of three separate parts, each detach-
able from the other, viz., the
stand, the bottom board and the
alighting board, as shown in Fig-
ures 1 and 2 but which in Fig.
3 is ad.iusted as a front board
to close the stand and hive. This
etand is open at the sides, which are
covered with wire screen and is open
at the front, the front board being re-
movable and to be iised to close the
stand and hive as in Fig. 3 and as an
alighting board as shown in Figures
1 and 2. This stand is also open at the
top and bottom and is provided with
cross pieces or sills at each end of the
lower side. The bail which supports
the bottom board in its upper position,
as shown in Fig. 2, is hinged into ears

tom board to supjiort the latter in
partially elevated position when a:
enlarged entrance to the hive is desii
ed. By ad.iusting this bail, the size o
the entrance opening is controllec
The upper front end of the bottor
board and cleat beneath the same, i
beveled, as shown in Fig. 2, to form th
desired normal entrance. The bottor
board, being slightly shorter than th
inside long dimension of the stanc
the entrance to hive is contracted b;
simply drawing the bottom board foi
ward until the desired size of entrane
is obtained. The entrance may be en
tirely closed if the bottom board i
drawn forward until its front ent
comes against the top front piece o
the stand and by cutting a notch in th
front end of the bottom board the '>ii|
trance may lie entirely closed, excepj
the notch, and a(1.1usted to the flight o[
such small number of bees as is del
sired. The front board has a cleat of
pro.iection on the inside thereof a litl

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

45

tie distance from the bottom, as shown A few of the advantages to be gain-
in Fig. 1, «o that when the bottom ed by the use of this combined hive
board is dropped down into the base or stand and bottom board may be briefly
stanil as a bottom thereto, and said pointed out.

iront board inserted, tiiis projection re- Beas placed in the cellar, or special
tains the bottom board securely in repo-sitory in lieu thereof, often, and
position, the rear end of the bottom in fact generally, leave the cluster and
board projecting under a suitable cleat their hives in considerable numbers,
as clearly appears in Pig. 3. When the as they fre(iueutly become uneasy as
adjustment is, as apears in Fig. 3, the the result of long confinement, insuf-
base or stand is clo-sed bee tight. The ficient ventilation or other disturbing
screen on each side allows of the free causes. Bees that so leave their hives
circulation of air in the hive and com- and the cluster are sure to die on the
partment formed by thi^ boxlike stand floor, as it i*s impossible for them to re-
so that the bees suffer no iuconven- turn in the cold and confusion. The
ience from their confinement for cellar colonies are thus weakened in propor-
wintei'ing or for any of the other ob- tion to such losses, often resulting in
jects for which it is necessary to con- their death or their becoming so weak
fine them. as to be useless for the approaching

The front board is provided with a honey harvest. By means of this de-
pair of loops on the upper outside edge vice, when the hive and bottom board
which are adapted to engage corres- are adjusted as indicated in Fig. 3, the
ponding hooks on the front of the bot- bee^s are unable to get so far away
torn board for the purpose of attach- from the cluster that they cannot re-
iiig and detaching them. turn and the colonies, not meeting with

ThivS bottom board is made some- the losses incident to the usual man-
what narrower than the inside' width ner of inside wintering are a strong

and healthy condition in the spring.
It is a matter of the utmost importance
to save all the bees which have the
necessary vitality to pass the winter,
as it is these bees that make the
colony capable of profitable work dur-
ing the honey harvest.

In the moving of bees this stand and
bottom board permits of the expedi-
tious closing and opening of the hives
to confine them, or admit them to
flight, as the case may be. To close
of the stand so as to allow of free the hive and stand it is only necessary
movement and prevent any binding to detach the alighting board (front
tliat might occur from swelling in board.) pull the bail forward and allow
lamp weather. The bottom board, be- it to drop into the rabbet in the front
ng pressed tightly against the lower sill, (not shown in the engraving)
nu-face of the upper inside rim, when lower the bottom board to its lower
u normal outdoor use, the edges there- position and insert the front board.
jf at sides and rear are entirely out of To open the hive, the above operation
■each of the bees, so that no propoliz- is reversed, that is, withdraw the
ng of the edges, can ever occur. The front board, raise the bottom board
uiies Avhen an enlarged entrance is and slide it back into position above
losirable, such as in periods of heavy the flexible Avire spring at rear of in-
loney flow or in hiving swarms, are side of stand. swing the bail
»rief and at the season when little or .support up under the bottom board
10 propolis is used by the bees. If any and attach the front board to serve as
iropohs should ever get between the an alighting board. This enables the
)ottom board and the upper inside rim apiarist to expeditiously prepare and
he yielding springs Avil] press it out move the bees to the cellar in the fall
lat. A little propolis will nndoubted- and from the cellar in the spring and
V be stuck along the line of contact to and from out-apiaries. They are
'f the bottom board and the lower in- also thus quickly prepared to ship long
ide edge of the upper inside rim, just distances by freight, express or other-
s it is in the angle of the sides and wise. This handling, shipping and
ipper surface of all bottom boards, moving of bees is done with safety
•ut it is no serious objection here any from stings to the operatives, eni-
Qore than it is along the edges of sup- ployees of transportation companies
rs and hives. and horses and also in perfect safety

Fig.

46

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March,

to the bees from any danger of over-
heating or snffocating or the melting
down of the combs, the abundant ven-
tilation keeping them in perfect con-
dition. It will, therefore, be seen that
this device renders migratory bee
keeping entirely practicable because of
the safety to the bees and the opera-
tives and the rapidity with which the
work may be done. It may also be
mentioned that thi-s device enables the
employment of a large proportion of
unskilled help in the apiary because of
the safety from stings. Thus is re-
moved one of the chief obstacles to
keeping bees on a large scale. Fur-
ther when the bees are removed from
the cellar in the spring we frequently
hear of trouble from their stinging oi>-
erations and, in taking the first flight,
getting confused and mixed with tht-
bees of otner hives, thu-s causing some
colonies to become very strong and
other so weak as to be worthless. It
is obvious that by the use of this stand
and bottom board the npiarist is en-
abled to place all the colonies of an
apiary upon their summer stands and
adjust them all for flight in the even-
ing. The following day, or as soon
thereafter as the bees can fly, they
will all commence flying together and
no confusion will result.

In the spring, when the colonies are
at their lowest numerical strength, it
is desirable to contract the entrance
in order to conserve the heat, and at
other seasons contraction is desirable
if the colony is small or if the bees are
disposed to rob. This bottom board
allows of the greatest possible lati-
tude in the regulation of the size of
the entrance and hence is particularly
valuable for this purpose.

Bees sometimes engage in robbing
in such a wholesale way as to result
in great loss of bees and honey. Thi.>
device enables a perfect and effective
control of them by means of the en-
trance to the hive, which may be en-
tirely closed, as for cellar wintering,
and the bees left confined until night-
fall or until the danger of robbing is
past. Also in hot climates the tem-
perature frequently rises to such a de-
gree as to melt down the combs in the
hives, causing great loss to the
apiarist. At such times l)ees are incit-
ed to rob and much damage has been
occasioned in this way. Abundance of
free ventilation, such as may be. af-
forded by lowering the bottom board
or removing it entirely, allowing the
air to circulate freely tarough the
sides and front and up through the

hive, will afford the greatest relief pos-
sible in such an emergency.

The adjustments of this stand and
bottom board are ample to meet the re-
quirements of every apiarist and so far
as adjustments to a bottom board are
necessary, it may be said of this de-
vice, that they are universal. It is
also simple in consti'uction. Any one
who has the ingenuity to assemble the
parts of and put together, supers an(i
hives can as easily assemble and cous
struct these combined stands and bot-i
torn boards.

Buffalo, N. Y., Jan. 26, 1905.

THE LARVAL QUEEN.

Conditions Whicli Influence Its Development.

By John M. Davis.

I HAVE had my eye on that fellow,
A. C. Miller, for several years—
ever since he wrote in The Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper that "I say,
(with a big I) " that Alley's method
is the best," referring to rearing
queens. You just give some of our
prolific writers rope and time, and
they will hang themselves, as the Dea-
con says "onbeknonst." See our dear
Brother Miller now dangling at the
end of a hemp. Got there himself-
and slipped off the Scaffold. Wal,
Wal, sich be the ways of frail human-
ity.

Probably he has reformed, but if
so he ought to advise us of his change
of base, and give some of us the pleas
ure of welcoming him into the fold.

In your January, 1905, issue page^
3, he truthfully says: "In a normall
colony a queen emerges into an at-
mospliere of warmth and high hu-
midity, and has accessible an abun-
dance of nutritious and stimulativt
food." Just I'ight; and in a commer-
cial queen yard, subject to all th€
changes of weather in Tennessee ano
north of this latitude, including Mr
Alley's and Mi*. Miller's locality, this
cannot, as a rule, be obtained with a
teacup of bees of any age.

In m.y humble opinion, based on
many years of practical experienct
and close observation, when a queer
emerges from the cell she is far fron:
being a fully developed insect. She Is
a soft, mushy thing, easily mashed
unless held in her cell by the bees. It
afterswarming this never occurs in a
commercial queen-rearing yard, where
only one cell is placed in the nxicleus
These queens just from the cells need

i

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

lilOf).

a high temperature, the humidity and
nutritious food suggested by Brother
Miller, to complete their development,
and reduce this in any particular, and
you retard the perfect development,
and damage the insect just in propor-
tion to the reduction. It may be pos-
sible to u^e these baby nuclei to mate
virgin queens taken from cages at the
mating stage, the cells having been
built and larvae nurtured in full, strong
colonies of bees, and the young queens
remaining there four or five days re-
rciving the benefits enumerated by Mr.
?\iiller.

Were it feasible. I Avould prefer all
my queen-s reared and mated in strong,
full colonies of bees, but commercially
this cannot be done ov^'ing to the ex-
pense; but if we approach this as near
as possible we will, in my opinion, be
rewarded by longer lived and hardier
stock. In the extreme south where
there are no cool nights, (if there be
such a place), these small baby nuclei
might be of some service, but I advise
thO'Se not so favorably located to be
isure that all their queens have the
[advantages Mr. Miller namas In his
last article.

Referring to Mr. Alley's method, I
iwish to say that we owe him much
for the many valualile points he has
given us in queen rearing; and in dif-
fering from him in some things I do
not wi-sh to be understood as condem-
ning him. He is honest in his claims,
hut see-s somewhat differently from
<ome others, I doubt whether a better
nethod of selecting material for
lueens can be found than his. This
iive.s the insect royal food from the
-tart, and if there is a difference, she
lets the advantage of it. I practice
lis and Doolittle's methods of starting
?ells, as is most convenient at the
ime, and can see no difference in the
lueens produced, and am of the
i)pinion that they are about of equal
'alue, the only difference being the
ilan most convenient to the operator.

I wish to endorse Mr. Miller's state-
nents regarding drones; Colonies
lolding breeding drone-s must be well
'ed during a dearth of honey if you
lave queens to mate.

I now have a somewhat unusual
Irone repository. In July I built up a
trong colony keeping them queenless
nd giving them all the drone brood
hat I could find giving them worker
rood as needed removing the queen
ells as built, but from some source a
ne queen got possession of the colony
ite in October, and on the 18th of De-

47

cember drones were flying freely from
this colony. When I found the queen
she had capped worker brood, and as I
had no use for the drones I left her
to watch results. So far no dead
drones have been brought out, and the
weather not being favorable none have
been flying. These bees evidently had
drones so long that they recognize
them as a necessity, (theory.)

Don't forget to see that your queens
have the advantage of the warmth,
high humidity. nutritiou« and stimula-
cive food during development. This is
important and cannot be well fur-
nished by a teacup of bees in Ten-
nessee or north of that latitude, dur-
ing cool nights, or rainy weather, (ex-
perience).

Spring Hill. Tenn., Jan. 16, 1905.

THE EFFECT ON BEES OF COLD
AND MOISTURE.

A Scientific Discussion Ably Presented.

By Frank W. Proctor.

THE QUESTION was lately raised
in The Bee-Keeper; "Why is a
freezing temperature so much
more disastrous to bees confined in a
cellar than it is to those wintering
upon a summer -stand?"

Every bee is a little furnace within
which honey is transformed into heat.
The bee also gets heat by radiation
from substances around it, and also by
induction if it touches any object
warmer than itself. This heat is lost
by radiation to the air and other things
around it, and by conduction to any
colder object with which it comes in
contact. At any given movement the
body temperature of a bee represents
the balance between income and loss
of heat in the manner dcvsired. Bees
can vary their rate of heat production
by changing the amount of their food,
Init there is a limit to the rate at which
they can make the transformation of
honey into heat; and when it falls
short of the rate of loss they must suc-
cumb.

The rate of radiation increases with
the temperature of the radiating body,
and is independent of the temperature
of the environment. Accordingly bees
do not lose heat in this manner any
fa-ster in cold weather than in warm.
But the amount of heat they receive by
radiation from surrounding matter de-
pends upon its temperature, and the
amount of heat received in this man-
ner in winter is small. The net result,

4S

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March,

therefore, of loss and gain through
radiation is a hirger loss in cold weath-
er than in warm.

The rate of loss of heat by con-
duction depends upon the nature of the
conducting body and upon its tempera-
ture. The lower its temperature the
faster any conductor will carry away
the heat of a warmer body with which
it is in contact. There are lar.ye <
ferences in conductivity of different
substances. In winter bees are gen-
erally in contact only with the combs
on which they cluster and the air
which surrounds them. Beeswax is a
poor conductor of heat, and for that
reason makes an excellent resting
place for bees in cold weather. If the
combs were made of metal it would
draw off the body heat of the bees so
rapidly that they probably could not
withstand low temperature, though
well sheltered. Dry air is a rela-
tively poor conductor of heat and
as long as the air in the hive
is dry and somewhat stagnant,
large clusters of bees with plenty
of food can withstand very cold
weather. The conductivity of dry air,
■water, and silver are to each other
respectively, as 1:25:19571. The con-
ductivity of moist air seems not to
have been accurately determined. The
only statement the writer can ifinjd
concerning its value is, that one in-
vestigator found that of .steam to be
higher than that of dry air. It is,
however, a matter of common experi-
ence that in damp, foggy or rainy
winter weather one is colder than on
dry days, with the same temperature.
This has been explained by excellent
scientists as being due to the superior
conducting power of water vapor in
the air and in one's clothing. This
seems reasonable though it is not a
matter of course. Moist air is not nec-
essarily dry air and water. It may
be, and more often than otherwise Is,
dry air and vapor.

Water vapor is one of th^ several in-
visible ga^ses of which the atmosphere
is composed, and it is always present
in the driest weather and in the most
arid regions. Its chief difference of
behavior from the other gases is that
it becomes liquid at a considerably
higher temperature than they do. It is
produced by evaporation from water
and ice at all temperatures, slowly
at low temperatures, fa-ster at high
temperatures.

There is a definite amount of water
rapor which can exist in the air at any
moment, and this amount depends
mainly upon the temperature. The

higher the temperatvire the larger the
quantity of vapor possible. For ex-
ample, the maximum amount at 32 de-
grees Fahr. is 2.113 grains per cubic
foot, at 110 degrees is 26.112 grains.
When this limit is reached the vapor
is said to be saturated, and any further
addition of vapor results in changing
some of it by condensation into water.
If there is less than the maximum
amount of vapor that can exist in the
air at any moment, the degree of sat-
uration is expressed in percentage, and
this is called the relative humidity.
For example, a relative humidity of "
per cent •signifies that there is iu the
air 3-4 of the total amount that can ex-
ist at that temperatiu-e. Since the
possible amount of vapor decreases
with the temperature, any sudden cool-
ing of the air increases its relative hu-.
midity. If, for example, the air at
45 degrees with a relative hiimidity ol
75 per cent were cooled to 37 degrees,
the vapor would be more than saturat-!
ed and some of it turned to water.

If water vapor is a better conductoi
of heat than dry air, its conductivitj I
must increase with the relative hu:
midity: i. e., the nearer it approaches.'
saturation. When condensed int(
water it is twenty-^five-fold a , bette?,'
conductor of heat than dry air, as w«
have seen.

Cellars are frequently bo damp t"
at moderate temperatures, the air ii
nearly saturated and small reduction
of temperatiu'e bring about condensa
tion. The normal .Tanuary tempera
ture of Boston, Mass.. is 27 degrees
and the normal relative humidity 73.1
per cent. At this time of year in thai
region the average temperature of i
tolerably tight cellar might be 40 de
grees with an average relative humid
ity of 85 per cent to 90 per cent. (Thi
writer has just measured the condi
tions in his house-cellar, and find-s th'
temperature to be 41 degrees, the rel
ative humidity 92 per cent, and th
dew point 40 degrees. That is to say
if the temperature should fall one de
gree, dew would form in the cellar.
The humidity of course depends Tipoi
its ventilatiou; but in cold location
in order to keep cellars from freezini
it is necessary to make them so tigh
that the ventilation is poor. With ai
average cellar temperature of 40 d€
grees and a relative humidity of 8
per cent to 90 per cent, the air in
side the hive, owing to the moisture ex
haled by the bees, would lively be 9
per cent snturated and upwards. Th
writer has no observations of hive ten:
peraturos in winter, but assuming i

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

lUOo.

to be UO degrees, a reduction of one de-
cree would produce saturation and
condensation of •some of the vapor
within the liive into water if the hu-
miditj' were 95 per cent. The hive sur-
faces, the comb and the bodies of the
iices would be wetter, and the heat
01 tlie bees would be drawn oif so rap-
idly that they might not be able to
make it good by a larger consumption
of food. i]ven if they could, this enforc-
ed excessive consumption of food with-
out opportunity for evacuation of the
\va.ste, might of itself seriously injure
the bee« if they did not succumb to the
cold. The foregoing is based upon the
nssumption that the air in the cellar
icmaius 90 per cent saturated. But, as
we have seen, a fall of temperature
of one degree in the cellar would pro-
luce saturation throughout the cellar,
md before long the air within the hive
would, by diffusion, seem saturated
without any reduction of the temiiera-
ure in the hive. Apparently the bees
n a cellar-hive live ordinarily in an
itmosphere of vapor that is almost
saturated, and slight temperature fall«
within the cellar serve to completely
^aturate the hive air and condense the
rapor.

Though for want of observations we
lave been obliged to take as.sumed
i-alues for temperatures within the
live-s. the relative humidity values are
well within the truth. Tlie writer re-
epeatedly saw water and ice inside of
I hive in his cellar last winter, and the
•omli and frames came out mouldy in
he spring.

Meanwhile Avhat would be the con-
lition of a colony wintering outdoors?
kVe saw that the average January tem-
lerature for Boston i.s 27 degrees and
he relative humidity 73 per cent. The
emperature would have to fall nearly
o 23 degrees before the outdoor air
vould be so damp as that we have a.s-
umed for the cellar; viz., 90 per cent
aturated. Tlie superior dryness of
liis outside air assisted by better ven-
ilation of the hive would reduce the-
lumidity within the hive to say 80 per
ent is against 95 per cent, that of the
ellar hive. The temperature inside tlTe
utdoor hive would probably be a little
iwer on the average than "that of the
ive in the cellar. Assume it to be at
"i degrees or even 50 degrees. At 50
egrees the temperature would have
r> fall below 44 degrees to make the
ir within the hive as damp as that in
he cellar-hive at 59 degrees.

It matters not how much these as-
umed value.s for the hive interior may

49

be in error. It is the relative values
only between the hive in the cellar and
the out-door hive that coucei'n us here;
and these assumed absolute values
serve to illu-strate what laige dif-
ferences of moisture there is likely to
be any time between hives indoors and
those outside; and also to show how
much more the moisture in the hives is
increased by the ^ame temperature
fall in the one ca-se than in the other.

The outdoor hive has the further ad.
vantage that it can dry out on warm
and dry days.

To sum up: a fall of temperature to
the freezing point leaves the outdoor
bees much more comfortable and bet-
ter able to maintain their normal tem-
perature than those in the cellar be-
cause (1) the air in the outdoor hives
is much drier, and (2) because the bees
outside have occa-sional opportunities
for evacuating the waste arising from
any e-xces^s of food they may have to
consume during cold spells.

It does not follow, however, that
bees may not be more comfortable in
cellars than out of doors. By -suitable
ventilation many cellars can* be made
sufficiently dry. though this may re-
quire artificial heating.

The humidity of the air can be readi-
ly measured by any one with an in-
expensive insti'ument called a sling
psychrometer. It consist-s of two ther-
mometers mounted side by side on
a single frame, with a cord or handle
at one end of the frame so that the in-
strument can be rotated or slung round
and round in the air. The bulb of one
of the thermometers i-s covered with
a piece of muslin. "When dry both
thermometers read alike, but if the
muslin be wetted the swinging of the
instrument hastens the evaporation of
the water on the muslin, and thereby
cools the wet bulb, making that ther-
mometer read lower than the other.
From the difference of the readings of
the two thermometers the percentage
of 'Saturation (relative humidity): the
temperature at which saturation would
occur if the temperature should fall
(the dew point), and the number of
grains of water vapor in a cubic foot
of air (absolute humidi+y) can readily
be obtained by any one, from table.g
constructed for this purpose.

Fairhaven. Mass., Dec. 19, 1904.

Langstroth used ''blind staples" for
spacing frames from each other and
from the ends of the hive, putting the
staples at the lower corners of the
frames. He described this in iS6!:.

50

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Marcfi

AMERICAN APICULTURE.

1

Specialization and Its Results.— Solving the Market
Problem, Etc.

(Second Article.)
By J. E. Jolin«ou.
^T^HE COMMISSION man or honey
dealer is between the devil and
the deep sea. He is expected
to get us a big price for our honey and
sell it quick on a market where the
supply and oft'erings are much greater
than the demand. Not only so, but
the supply is growing while demand is
not. The organizing of local associa-
tions is a good thing and will enable
bee-keepers to hold together and not
come in competition with each other;
and they might also do some advertis-
ing, but, if when they have succeeded
in getting the price where it reasonably
ought to be, nothing could be more dis-
couraging than to have this exchange
dump a carload of fine white honey
on that market at a reduced price.

This is what some of the great spe-
cialists are already doing, and I know
whereof I speak. These specialists,
being joined together in a financial cor-
poration, will be able to do collectively
what they are now doing separately.
Being specialists, they have not time
to work up a trade, but will hunt up
the ones we have worked up, and
they can do this to a "frazzle." It is
not a question of raising the price of
honey with them, but to find a market
for all their honey so they can go on
epeeializlng.

Our National Association is a grand
association; and the local organiza-
tions are its branches which give it
power; but a stock company is only for
the specialist, and will be the instru-
ment in the hands of the great for the
ruination of the small bee-keepers.
However, there are many more of the
small bee-keepers and it is through the
support of these that the bee-papers
are able to exist. Only for them the
National would be a slim aflfair. On
the ordinary man rests the success
of all enterprises; not only so but he
furni-shes the fleece for the corpora-
tions.

I have given a diagnosis of our
diseased honey market and the cause
of the disease; now for the cure:

It is easier to become sick than to be
cured. First, and surt\st remedy is,
KEEP LLoo BEES. If this remedy is
taken in large, and repeated doses, it
will never fail to cure even cases of a
chronic disorder.

s i,

teM

infl

1

The second and most practical reme-
dy, is to advertise, and thereby caus«
a greater demand for honey. Thess
are the only two remedies, according
to the well-known rule that supply aac
demand governs prices. There art
great numbers of wealthy people wh(
have nearly everything on their tabl<
that is good to eat except honey. Thesi
people are worth looking after. Thej
are well educated in every way, ex
cept to the real value of honey as
daily food. They have read repeat
ly that comb honey is being man
factured, and syrup looks nice; thej
try some of that, don't like it, so the:
get along with butter for which the)
pay from 25 to 30 cents per pound fo*
good "creamery," that is guarantee!
to be the genuine production of thi
cow.

Last year I wrote articles in ou
home and country papers explaininj
the value of honey as a food. I thei
wrote a leaflet "Facts about Hone;
and Bees." and had it printed. I pii
one in every case of honey and gav
copies to people who had not bougbi
honey. I also inclosed them in letters

I sold one case of No. 1 honey to ;
prominent citizen of our town. I gav
a leaflet to his wife when I delivers
the honey and put one in the case. T
that family I sold last year seven case'
of comb honey and one gallon of e?
tracted. They got interested and h
bought two cases to take to a brothe
80 miles away. In two or three weeks
I got a letter from a lady who ha
been to visit that brother and sample
that honey. She wanted two cases o
that same kind of honey. And sc
from that one case and my leaflets
I now have three good customeK
This first man has already this yea
taken five eases and is going to tak
four cases to his brother and lad;
friend.

They want the nicest and pay me 1
cents per pound, and don't grumble
bit. I am giving special attention t
this kind of customers, and I hav
several. I got them by advertising.

Then there is another kind of cus
tomers. When they read these leal
lets they feel a gnawing in their stoiB
achs for honey but they want it cheaf
Some of these would rather pay 1
cents for a ten-ounce section than t
pay 15 cents for a 15 oz. section; so
let them have their way, but I alway
give them a few sections extra to mak
them still more satisfied: and thus
dispose of my No. 2 honey at nearl;
the same price. Some of these ar

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEH.

51

earning? to like extrueted honey at ]0
its. per pound. At 15 cts., it would
lave too much the flavor of money to
liem.

All customers bring back the empty
;ases, and fruit jars in which extract-
jd honey is sold. I also find that with
idvertising I can sell quite a lot of ex-
;racted honey in eight-ounce glass tum-
)lers at 10 cts., at the store, which
dears me 14 cts. per lb. I believe if
jvery bee-keeper will do a-s much ad-
^■ertising as I have done (of honey),
iiere would be a much greater de-
nand for honey. In fact honey would
;ake a boom second only to the boom-
;ki of the Russian bat-tleshipski; as
liey blow themselves up in the harbor
>f Port Arthuriski.
In every enterprise of the present
rJay special attention is given to adver-
:ising. Many firms spend thou.sands of
lollars and if they did not advertise
•oustantly their business would utter-
y fail. Our business has competition
lid our competitors are doing all the
(Ivertising. We'll get it in the neck if
V(^ don't adopt up-to-date methods.

The National would do well to spend
iiie-third of its surplus in judiciousS ad-
■ertising; but each member should not
orget his home paper. I feed my home
laper editor on honey all he will eat
iiid take my pay in advertising. He
inly uses 30 or 40 lbs. a year (aided
)y his wife), but we are both well
atis'fied and he sends me his paper
ree.

I have only a few cases left of 2,-
:00 lbs., and all sold near home.

Try the advertising method and you
an sell lots of honey without being a
orn honey peddler.
William-sfield, 111.. .Jan. 10, 1905.

REVIEW^ OF VOLUME XIV.

By Fred Stroschein.

^ROPHETS have been assuring us
of a mild winter, but, up to date,
January 10 their predictions
ave not been fulfilled; for the weath-
• has been about as severe as it was
St winter, and we have to console
irselves with the idea that prophets,
ike other people;" are liable to make
listakes.

There being little work during the
ormy days which we are having, I
we been reviewing the pages of the
merioan Bee-Keeper. which I often
>ad hurriedly during the busy summer
onths. Mr. W. W. McNeal opens up
le year with an article on comb build-
g; wherein he says, "It is a well-

known fact that black bees build more
worUor-comb, as a rule, than Italian."
Now, last season I had a colony of
black bees, which built combs from
half-inch starters, nearly every cell of
which was worker comb, was in a
isuper of shallow frames and was
therefore used for store purposes, yet
some bee-keepers claim, that black as
well as Italians will build drone-comb
for storing honey.

"All that Doolittle discovered will be
found in Huber's book, published over
100 years ago, writer Mr. .John Hewitt,
page 3, well, perhaps yes butDoolittle's
way of discovering it has been of
more value to us. That is why Ameri-
can apiarists give to Doolittle the
honor of having first discovered how
to make artificial cells, etc.

On the next page Mr. Hewitt further
Avrites: "I never cut a cell out, all be-
ing hatched in the stocks they are rear-
ed in, being naturally protected and
fed by the bees in their cells for two
days at least." I am either such a ter-
rible block-head, that I don't under-
stand it. or else it is the peculiar traits
of those Punic bees; for in this locality
the bees will not feed the queens for
two days in the cells, except at times,
during after-swarming. If they did,
there would be no need for cell protec-
tors.

No such a thing as foul brood, black
brood pickled brood or paralysis, so
writes T. C. Hall about black bees, on
page 54. Where did you get your
strain of black bee-s, Mr. Hall? Many
of us would like to get foul brood proof
bees, but the strain of black bees we
have in this part of the country are
not proof against the malady; and if
you would warrant your queens in this
respect, I think you would have a
booming queen trade.

I wonder if Mr. Greiner has tried the
method of making paper boards from
waste paper, as he describes on page
57? I was interested in this, so I tore
up a lot of paper and covered it with
water. The ladies of tue house asked
me what kind of a pudding I was go-
ing to make for supper. It never
changed into a "sort of pudding," as
desci-ibed by that correspondent to the
Leipziger Bienen Zeitung.* It simply
stayed wet paper. If Mr. Greiner can
explain, I will be thankful.

Prevention of increase, by Mr. C.
Theilman, page 111, reminds me of a
queer method to prevent afterswarms,
employed by a box-hixe bee-keeper,
years ago; dressed up his son sting-
proof, who was then armed with a

i

52 THE AMBRICAN BEE-KEEPER. March

piece of brush to switch and strike in gates for a torreut of all sorts o;

front of the hives. claims and disputes. The beginning

The queen will not lay in combs of of progre-^^sive bee-keeping may be sale

more than two-inch spacing, page 146. to have been contemporaneous witi

I am interested, for, if true, we could the issue of these books. From thei

do away with the expensive queen ex- until the appearance of Langstroth'i

cinders; unless such Avide spacing has book little advance w^as observable ii

other objections. bee-keeping a* compared with thi

Mr. Hewitt says Punic bees are changes which followed. Aside frori

proof against foul brood. Mr. Benton the publication of Bevan's wonderfni

contradicts this on page 203. There ly comprehensive book, which appear

is also other interesting reading in that ed in England early in the century, Q'

article. I have read with interest, all other books of consequence appeare(

that has been published in the Ameri. until Langstroth's, in 1851.

can Bee-Keepers about Punic bees, and The English have always been ahea(

am more puzzled than ever to know of us in the material and mechanica

what" they are like. They are said to detail-s of their books. That classic

be such great collector.s of propolis. Is "The Feminine Monarchie," Avas in it

the colony you own, "Mr. Editor," any language, arrangement, indexing am

worse in this I'espect than your other cross-references ahead of anything w

bees? had up to recent times. Key.s in th'.

"Oh my!" a queen restrainer and latter part of the eighteenth, am

entrance guard, on page 219. Mr. D. D. Huish, early in the nineteenth centurj

Alley must be keeping bees for i>leas- published interesting books, well prini

ure, rather than profit. As I have said, fcl and well illu.strated, concerning th

I would rather do without any queen times,

excluder than use an extra one. Then came Bevan's fine book whie

Lenkoran or Persian bee.s. page 325. has served up to the present day a

How many kinds of hive-bees are there the basis of many of our America

any way? I would be interested to books. Later came Cheshire's mastei

have Mr. Benton (or someone else) piece and Cowan's smaller, but mos

write an article on the different varie- excellent book on the natural histor

ties of hive bees. But the last page of the bee, not to mention other les

of Volume XIV has been reached, and, imjiortant but interesting works,

in my review I have been struck with In 1893 there was published in Loi

the fact that the American Bee-Keeper <ton one of the best books for a begii

is the biggest "little" bee-paper pub- n^i' in bee-keeping that I have seei

lished in the States. At least for size. It is called "The Book of the Hone

and price, its like does not appear on Bee" by Charles Harrison. The dt

my table. ascriptions and instructions are plai

:Metz. Wis., Jan. 10, 1905. and to the point while the illnstrationi

mostly from fine i^hotographs. are

BEE BOOKS, ANCIENT AND ^'"^ ^^ '''"^ ^'^^^^ '^'"'^ ^^^ appeared 1

MODERN. ^ bee-book, and each one has close coi

nection with the text. The book c

Sf

Bv -Vrthur C Miller course treats of English hives an

■ * ■ " ' tools, but aside from that, is equall

1r MAY surprise the uninitiated to well adapted to novices here. It pu*

know that of bee-books ancient and most of our books sadly in the shad*

modern, there are several hundreds But still we have some good bookii

The earliest English book-s on the sub- many with good material in them, br

.ieot date back to about 1550, and some few^ in w^hich it is well set forth. On

of those old ones are wonderfully fine, of our good ones is "Langstroth'-

Later books were largely quotations Revised." It is exhaustive and shoM'

from these with sometimes a little the infinite pains taken in the work c

more of mysticism. Not until about revision. A less pretentious volumi

1800 was the first bee-book pul^lished but perhaps the most pleasing an

in America, to be followed at varying satisfying, is that little gem "Fort

intervals by others, little and big. most Years Among the Bees."

of them being largely copies of theEng- For popular literature Miss Moi

lish works, which had been extensive- ley's books are entertaining, accurat

ly imported. and charmingly illustrated.

The translations of Reaumur's and Notwithstanding these oases in tb

of Huber's books gave an impetus to desert, we still have much to wish foi

bee literature, opening wide the flood- Perhaps some day we will have Amer

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

33

au text books which are well writteu
lUd arranged, well illustrated, well iu-
exed and in details of paper, type,
resswork and binding will be a
redit to our craft and well worth buy-

Providence, R. I., Feb. 16, 1905.

THE HONEY MARKETS OF
GERMANY.

By F. Greiner.

■ TPON THE SOLICITATION of
A our editor I have made a stren-
^ uous effort to obtain honey-quo-
itions from our foreign markets in
amburg, Amsterdam and other ports,
ut my efforts have practically proved
itile. After exchanging many letters
ith different parties, I have come to
le conclusion that to attempt busi-
BBS transactiouvs Avith German ports,
regards sales of honey, is useless,
ugars, syrups, adulterated honeys,
c, are in the markets but pure honey
not quoted anywhere. The bee
urnals do not quote it, the city
ipens are silent on this point. Agri-
iltural papers do not mention honey,
ne of my correspondents from Ber-
a say* this: "We have no regular
mey market in Germany simply, be-
.use bees are not kept, honey is not
•oduced in that whole-sale way as
und in America. I aim to regularly
ive honey upon my table at
eakfast and receive my supply
m a small farm bee-keeper
a little village near B., some
miles from here. One has to
on time though or the honey is sold
t, for there is but little of it to be
d. The honey obtainable is of
arly straw-color, perhaps a little
ihter in color and is extracted. The
Iney is sent me in glass fruit cans
nich I have to furnish myself. I pay
1:^ producer 25 cents per pound to
Mich must be added five cents trans-
Ittation charges. Of counse I piir-
Mse only the very best article procur-
;Ie, of which but little is produced.
' e inferior grades from heath, alf-
: a, etc., come cheaper but the retail-
*^ have asked 37 cents for clear un-
' idterated extracted honey in glas-s."
[y correspondent continuing says:
he facilities of tran-sportation from
t • United States must be wonder-
fly favorable. American apples for
lance are brought here in great,
il. shiploads and are sold on the
-^ 'ets by peddlers at 2 1-2 cents per
I'md, while our own apples, (we have

no extensive orchards,) bring from 4 to
U cents per pound. The tran-sport of
fruits from the farms to the cities here
*;eems to be difficult and expensive, so
that California and other American
products can be sold here for less
money than our own.'''

Some years ago I shipped a small
quantity of honey to some friends in
Germany. The honey arrived in good
shape but it was an expensive experi-
ment which we did not care to repeat.
The honey did not prove to be nearly
so good as the genuine German prod-
uct, at least it was not liked as welL
However, this might have been owing
to the individual taste. I cannot think,
but that oiu" best clover honey is equal
to any other honey prodiiced any-
where; and, considering the price ob-
tainable, we ought to be able to supply
consumers in Germany to our profit.

Naples, N. Y., Jan., 13, 1905.

Etiwanda, Calif., Feb. 12, 1905.
Editor American Bee-Kieeper:

Herewith ffnd money order for 50c to
pay up my subscription to American
Bee-Keeper for one year.

The letters now being published in
American Bee-Keeper re Punic bees
are getting very interesting. I receiv-
ed from Mr. Hewitt a fertile Punic
queen last fall but too late for the
bast honey flow. I introduced her to a
colony of native bees. Now thej^ are
nearly all Punic's. Thy are the easiest
bees to handle that I ever saw. and
they are al-so excellent workers. I
shall give them a fair trial this year,
then will report how they do. Things
look fine for a good honey flow this
year. Over ten inches of rain since
July 1, 1904. The sage is looking in
fine condition.

Yours truly

O. F. Martin.

William, Mo., January, 28, 1905.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I desire to ask you a question regard-
ing bees:

I shoveled the snow up against my
hives leaving the entrances open and
the bees could hardly be heard, but a
minute after the snow was piled
around them, I could hear the noise^

54

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Marcl

at a few feet distant. It was not be-
cause I jarred the hive or disturbed
them in any way, as I tried it several
times, and wa« very careful that the
loose and soft snow should not be heard
Inside of the hive, and afterwards the
snow would melt an inch from the hive
in zero weather. Hives with no bees
in would be the same as when the
snow was put there.

Is this -snow injiirious to bees? "We
have hard winds in winter.

K. M. Waldron.

There is no doubt a« to the disturb-
ance of the bees being a result of
your work near the hive, notwith-
standinc; the great care with Avhich
you performed the operation. Bees are
extremely sensitive in such instances;
and it would be an impo'SSibility to
bank them up, as stated, without im-
parting to them a knowledge of the
fact that something unusual was go-
ing on outside. The banking of snow
about the hive is not injurious to bees.
On the contrary, it is conceded to be
a protection that is beneficial. The
heat generated by a healthy colony
Avould doubtless cause the -snow to
melt av»'ay from immediate contact
with the iiive, as stated. In such a
position, liowever. a colony would be
cozily protected from chilling winds
Avhile the snowbank remained. — Edi-
tor.

ALFALFA GROWING.

In the past several years there has
been a marked tendency on the part of
local sugar planters to a more general
growing of alfalfa, they feeding the
hay to their work stock perhaps some
six or seven months in the year, de-
pendent on the number of cuttings se-
sured, and the Sugar Planters' Jour-
nal has all along lent encouragement
to new ventures in alfalfa sowings,
feeling assured that where alfalfa is
successfully grown it will thereafter
be a regular provider for the stable,
for there is no hay better adapted to
work stock generally. A prejudice ex-
isted several years ago against the
feeding of alfalfa to horses but ex-
periments made at the Utah experi-
ment station showed the prejudice to
be without foundation, for the inves-
tigation, covering months, during
which the teams did the same work,
resulted in an unqualified victory for
alfalfa against timothy hay.

In all the sugar parishes of Louisi-
ana, alfalfa is annually planted, though

Ik

Loose snow over the hives wint«
ing out of doors aflfords protectic
but it should not be allowed to "cruJ
near the entrances, or suflfocation m
result.

"Bees do not consume most hon
during extreme cold weather, but dt
ing intervals of milder temperatun
An old statement which is a trifle m;
leading.

not on every large plantation by an
means. Some planters have given it
trial on land unsuited to its growtl
or on good land imperfectly preparet
and because success was not attaine
the first time, have not tried it agai:
On the other hand, there are sug;
planters who have been planting alfs
fa for years, and who expect to kei
up the practice indefinitely^ ev
though, as they say, it' requires the
best land. It may be stated that, asK
average, alfalfa in the sugar distrfcH
requires re-planting each year, oWi»
to other grasses crowding it out, jbv
the fact remains that with three td si
cuttings annually it pays to sow eac
year.

One of our upper coast readers hs
a patch of alfalfa that is four year
old, and we consider the reason 1
has bee nable to keep it so long is h
careful manner of seedbed preparatio
He gets the best results when plan
ing in black or buck-shot soil whii
has a sandy subsoil and good drai
age, finding that better for alfalfa thi'
either mixed or sand lands. He so\
in October, a half bushel of seed
the acre, in land covered during fi,
summer with a thick growth of pi
vines. With soil of this charact,
only, it is his custom, after taking «
the pea vines, to plow, harrow, pic
again, roll, and finally re-harrow,
then being in fine condition to recei
the alfalfa seed. The seed are sow>
broadcast, and swept in the soil by*
dragging tree branch, he finding tl
preferable to harrowing, for the latl
course is liable to put the seed t
deep for quick gesrmination.
bein gthat pursued by one of our mp
The above outline of alfalfa planti)
successful planters, it may with pro
be followed by those who have n
yet gone into its raising or who ha
Heen unsuccessful in past attempts.'
Sugar Planters' Journal.

i

f4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦t»

THE

Bee "Keeping World

I staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.';

Contributions to tliis Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMtMMMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦M»»

AUSTRIA.

F. Steigel describes bis improved ex-
ractor in Bienen Vater about as fol-
3WS. "The comb pockets are divided
y metal sheets and extra screens so
g to form i-eally two pockets each,
aking two comb-s one behind the other
QStead of one comb as in the present
xtractor. By thi.s arrangement eight
ombs may be extracted instead of four
t one operation, thus saving in labor.
he extractor could even be so arrang-
d as to take three combs for each
ocket in the same manner, thus in-
reasing its capacity threefold." The
iventor is preparing to have this ex-
■actor patented in all countries. It is

que-stion with the writer of this
ifhether such an extractor would be
etter than a reversible four-frame
owan. He would consider the sep-
rate turning of the combs a great dis-
dvantage. I believe W. L. Coggshall
as used a similar arrangement to that
f Steigel for many years, and as to
pocuring a patent on it here in
merica, he might be a little too late.

step in advance. The old method of
harvesting the honey was a simple
one. A small quantity of gunpowder
was exploded inside of a hive; the con-
tents, bees, broood and combs — were
emptied into a kettle and by applica-
tion of heat the honey was separated
from the wax, etc., not a very appetiz-
ing jiroduet. AVith the improved hive,
the honey may be removed from the
rear. The brood may be ea-sily reach-
ed from the front end.

A. Kamprath conducts a question-
3X in the Bienen Vater. The first
uestion relates to milk as a stimuluc?
<r bees. Says some fine results have
een obtained feeding milk in small
>ses in connection with sugar, es-
ecially where there was a lack of pol-
n; biit on the whole he is not in
ivor of any substitute; thinks honey

d pollen combs are good enough;
icapping such, and sprinkling with
>t water, giving them to the bees in

e evening, ha-s given him very good
aults.

A farmer's hive used commonly in
any districts of Austria consists of a
allow, long box, nearly 32 inches
ng, not quite 10 inches wide and 8
ehes high. The ends are movable.
ich hives were corded up like stove-
50d and kept under .sheds. These
me hives are being improved by
aking the combs movable, which is a

A recipe for an ointment made of
pinepitch, honey and beeswax, each 20
gramvs, mixed with 350 grams of fresh
lard, is recommended for collar boils,
in Bienen- Vater, Vienna.

GERMANY.

Freudenstein says, in B. V.. that the
heath bee of Germany i.s a degenerat-
ed bee produced by long continued mis-
management on the part of the bee-
keeper.s. He says they always take
up the heavy colonies (such as have
not cast swarms) and keep the swarms
over. He say-s, further, nature would
Aveed out all unprofitable swarms but
for the bee-keeper who steps in be-
tween and feeds up those swarms that
would die out or should be taken up.

Freudenstein offers a reward of
1,000 marks or about $250 for the intro-
duction of a profitable red clover varie-
ty with short enough blossoms so that
our common bees can reach the honey.
^Nlore particulars are to be given later
in a number of his journal.

It will be remembered that Freuden-
stein is about the only person in Ger-
many who has given the matter of
long-tongued bees any consideration.
As generally considered the red clover
bees are an American humbug. As I
take it, Freudenstein is not blowing
the horn for the long-tongued Ameri-
can race but is simply experimenting
to find out whether or not there is any-
thing to it.

56

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

March 1

A certain well known comb founda-
tion manufacturer in Germany has
been heavily fined for selling founda-
tion as pure when it was made of a
mixture of 75 per cent, parraffine and
25 per cent, of beeswax. — ^Deuche
Bienenzucht.

A wax-trust has been formed in Ger-
many. The members have agreed
upon a certain price to be paid for
beeswax (what this price is the writer
does not know but he observes that
wax is high compared with American
prices. Some producers received 70
cents per pound.)

Darlf colored grape wines are used
in Germany to give color to rum and
whisky, and I. M. Gosch says in
Schlesw. Hoist. Bztg. that mitheglin
answers the same purpose and advises
beekeepers to bring this to the notice
of distilleries.

There seems to be a difference of
ouinion whether bees should be winter-
ed warm or cold. Rundschauer Go-sch.
claims the difference is principally in
not having the same conception of the
term, "warm." — Schle-sw. Hoist. Bztg.

A reader of the same bee journal
wants to know what he can do to
make his honey granulate quickly. He
is advised to put his honey into a bar-
rel and cover it tightly; every second
or third day give the honey a good -stir-
ring. So treated, honey will nicely
cryc^talize uniformly all the way
through. When granulation has well
begun, draw off and fill in cans and
glasses.

Grapes become as sweet as the besi
raisins, Dates and figs grow abun
dantly. Just thinks he has evidence
that his bees went eight miles aftej
honey at certain times, when there was
nothing to be obtained near by.—
Deutsche Imker.

SWITZERLAND.

Queen breeders in Switzerland havf
practically given up the Doolittle metlj
od. Only two use the Doolittle ceHi
cups, but have queenless colonies real
the queens.

Dr. Brunnich, claims in Schwei?
Bztg., that his late experiments provt
that drones from virgin queens ari
virile, in every way the equal of dron^
from fertilized or normal mothers. Hj
describes the details of the experimeni
which, to the mind of the writer, faii
to bring the absolute proof.

ASIA MINOR.
According to the "Bulletin de li
Chamber de Commerce de Smyrna)
beeswax is produced in considerabJ
quantities in Asia Minor and exportet
from Smyrna to dift'erent parts o
France, Italy, Austria and particulau
ly Russia. Many bees are kept in tht
calm valley of the interior, and a so*
of bee fever is raging among the ns)
fives. Acording to statistics of tU
last five year-s, over 400,000 pounds o
honey is exported yearly froD
Smyrna. It is said that the wax pro
dueed is of the very best quality, th)
bee-keepers taking great pains to pur)
fy it. It is exported packed in doubl
sacks of 20O pounds each. — Bienei
Yater.

GERMAN SOUTHWEST AFRICA.
This part of the world is not the
most favored spot for growing crops
or beekeeping. However, irrigation can
make a garden of Eden out of it, as
is shown by missionaries, and when
this i'S accomplished bee-l^eeping can
be made to pay. F. Judt has establish-
ed an apiary in Hoaxanas which yields
good crops of fine honey. The hives
used by judt are of the German styles,
but it would seem that American hives
might be used to better advantage in
such a warm climate, of which Ernst
Zirrgiebel says that the days in winter
are as warm as summer days in Ger-
many. Irrigation makas it possible to
grow all tropical plants as well as
semi-tropical and vegetables of all de-
scription^s. In the line of frtiits, even
apples, pears and peaches are grown.

FRANCE.
Mr. Moulin reports that in the pro
vince where he lives, most of the hivei
are yet straw. That is nothing new
but what might be worth noting is thi
fact that what we would call the sui
pers are often placed under the broot
nest rather than above. — L'Apiculteuii

Mr. Brochet says that if sonu
bruised leaves of leek are rubbed oi
the hands the bees will not stinj
them. — L'ApicuIteur.

Mr. Steigel advises apiculturists t(
use rain water when rendering wax
The spring or well water very oftei
contains some iron which will invari
ably darken the wax. — L'ApicuIteur.

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

57

say that apicultnral affairs in this
state are in a very satisfactory con-
dition. Onr Toul brood,' and 'bogus
lioney' laws, backed by a determina-
tion to enforce them, have proven all
that could be de-sired."

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.
HE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
ents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
ostofiSce.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
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ostal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
aun tries.

Advertising Rates. >

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
ich. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
ons; seven per cent, for three insertions;
venty per cent for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
)re the 15th of each month to insure inser-
on in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
lould invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BKE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exchi-
\t the editorial department may be addressed
H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.
jSubscribers receiving their paper in blue
Wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
ires with this number. We hope that you
ill not delay favoring us with a renewal.
A red wrapper on your paper inaicates tha'
)u owe for your subscription. Please give
le matter your earliest attention.

]6^tt■oriaL

Mr. Adrian Getaz. who reviews the
rench bee papers for us, says that in
ranee the American Bee-Keeper is
ore frequently quoted than all other
merican bee .iournals combined.
>I1. the -sagacity of the French, you
lOw, is admitted everywhere.

Mr. E. E. Wilson, Dabney, Ark..
ys that of all the bee papers he
kes, none have given him so much
;ht upon the suliject of bee-keeping
the American Bee-Keeper. We are
id to know our ef¥©rts are appreciat-

recent letter from President W.

Marks, of the New York State As-

j>clation of Bee-Keepers' Societies,

Iparts this very gratifying informa-

\n: "I will take this opportunity to

"Notes and Comments,'' in the Cana-
dian Bee Journal, is presided over by
a York County Bee-Keeper, who is,
evidently, a capable apiarist as well as
an entertaining writer. He objects,
liowever, to the language used in one
department of a certain American bee
paper, and says it Iwrders on the bar-
room type of talk. If oui" York Coun-
try friend intends this for a slap at
Deacon Hardscral)ble, we advise him
to Ivee]) a liglit liurning in hisS room
liereafter, unless his nerves are in ex-
cellent trim. The Deacon intimates
that he has a little score to settle over
in Canada; and may be thi-s is it. We
all make mistakes sometimes, and
York County Bee-Keeper makes a big
one in the same issue of the Canadian
Bee -Tournal when he credits the
article. "A Popular F^allacv," to "A.
B. K."

FACTIONS OF THE CRAFT.

Over in Ireland the federated bee-
keepers have for years been doing all
possible to secure protective foul brood
laws. English bee-keepers are equally
de-sirous of the same thing upon their
Island. Ireland has contended that
cordial co-operation between the two
countrie.s was important, if the desired
ends were to be accomplished. The
English society thinks Ireland is "too
small potatoes" to mix up with such
an important organization as the Brit-
ish Bee-Keepers' Association in any
•such ])roposition, and proposes to "go
it alone." The Irish regard the Eng-
lish attitude as a snub, which is for-
mally resented, and the resentment is,
in turn, ofRcially turned down as "a
misrepresentation" which it "feels
bound to defend." Therefore, there is
likely to result an estrangement be-
tween two important societies which
should be working hand in hand for
the welfare of apiarian interests in the
allied countries.

It has been proposed, by members
of the National Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion, that when a serious break occur-
red in its ranks, it would be by a di-
vision of the democrats and the aristo-
crats of the organization. It looks as
if our brethren over the sea may have
already reached thi-s condition of af-
fairs.

58

THE AMI5RICAN BEE-KEEPER.

I

Marcl

THE CLIMATE AND HONEY.

lu J. A. Green's department, "Bee-
Keeping Among the Ilockiefi," in
Gleanings, be says: "It seems that
there are localities in Texas where
basswood is abundant. I have been
told this by those who have been there
and say that there are large tracts of
country covered with it. Reports at
the Texas convention indicate that it
yields honey just as freely as in the
Northern States. It appears to be nice
honev, too. Several years ago, some
of the Canadians argued that, the fur-
ther north basswood honey was pro-
duced the better was its quality, and
they claimed superiority for their pro-
duct over that produced in the
States on that account. I wonder if
the Canucks did not manufacture that
theory out of 'whole cloth.' "

That the "Canucks" had ever made
this claim, we were not aware, but we
have not forgotten that the records of
the Omaha convention, in 1898, credit
Mr. Whitcomb, of Nebraska, with this
statement: "Climate has much to do
with the flavor of honey; a w^arm cli-
mate producing that of inferior
quality, and a colder climate produc-
ing honey of a much better flavor."

Mr. Whitcomb has persistently ig-
nored all requests for some explanation
as to the grounds upon \\hich such an
assertion is based.

It is remarkable how freely and
fluently some persons pour forth their
wisdom to the world, until someone
ha-s the audacity to question a point,
and then, as if by magic, become as
eternally and as oppressively silent as
an Egyptian tomb.

The American Bee-Keei^er, of a:
things, desires to be fair with ever
contributor, regardless of anj^ ill fee
ing which such a course may incui
and if any correspondent fails to s(
cure an impartial hearing through on
columns, it is because of his own fai
ure to conform to the established rule
of this journal.

However, it is -suggested that, a
tending to refute Prof. Benton's fins
charge in the article referred to, that
can be no reasonable objection t
quoting his own words, as published i
the British Bee Journal for Novembe
15, 1883, page 259, as follows:

THE HEWITT-BENTON DISCUS-
SION.
No subject that has been introduced
through the American Bee-Keeper in
years, has been productive of moi'e
widespread interest, than that of
Punic bees. It is a matter of regret
that the subject might not have been
pursued in our columns, until we
should all know something definite, in
regard to the facts and details in con-
nection therewith; but INIr. Hewitt's
response to Prof. Benton's article in
our issue for October, 1904, was found
unavailable, for various reasons. Mr.
Hewitt feels that we have inflicted
upon him a grave injustice b,v publish-
ing PrAf. Benton's attack, and with-
holding his reply, which deals very
minutely with the points brought for-
ward by Mr. Benton.

MR. JOHN HEWITT.

"Again, in 188J, from Beyrout, Syr
larger numbers of queens were sent
various countries of Europe, and t
success" of sending by mail on su
long sea-voyages further demonstr!
ed. No other person has aided me
much in determining the conditio
necessary to success, the exact caus
in case of failure, etc., nor given me
many valuable suggestions in regard
this "matter as the Sheffield gentlema
whose name I have already mention*
Mr. John Hewitt. Had others given
prompt, exact and full reports regai
ing queens mailed to them. I won
have been much less time deterraini
upon the best method of packing."

Being the most amiable bees he h
ever owned, good honey gatherers, a'
very prolific, the editor of The B«

.k)5.

THE AMEiRICAN BEE-KEEPER.

59

[eeper has naturally felt an intei-est
I the Punier, and has wished that
hers might decide to try them,
ence, the subject has been given con-
derable space in our columns; and we
gret tliat personal differences can-
>t be adjusted in some way that will
srmit practical tests of this race in
inerica at this time.

PUNICS.

In response to an inquiry, Editor

)ot, in Gleanings, says: "We tested

e so-called Punic bees a few years

0. We did not discover that they

d any quality that was in any way

perior to any of the bees in this

untry. They were fearful propoliz-

3, bad about stinging, and, in my

inion, they were not even as good

es for general use as the

mmon black bees of this country.

ey were very much inferior to Ital-

s; and. from reports I have read of

3m since, I should not think any one

)uld be wise in introducing them into

f yard. A few Punic drones might

ike a bad mix-up in the stock that

iild not easily be eradicated."

\rr. Root is not very explicit, as to

1 ' extent of the test which was there

'.-(■n these bees. If they have been

t iioughly tested in America we

s Hild like very much to obtain specif-

i information as to results. From

' ■ own limited experience, with one

colony of Punics, we think very

rently. Excepting the Caucasian

' "iiy Mr. J. B. Hall had years ago

^'in the writer was with him in Can-

■M, our Punicc? are the gentlest bees

liave ever handled anywhere. We

iJve manipulated the colony, perhaps,

aiundred times, sometimes with a lit-

tl and sometimes with no smoke at

a. and they have never offered once

listing. Their crosses, however, are

n so amiable as the parent colony.

PREJUDICE.
Ve sometimes wonder if bee-keepers
8' not unduly prejudiced against new
tlng.s which might prove beneficial
tithem.

Ve have heard it asserted that an

" npping-machine could never be

" successful. Possibly it might

but the problem hardly seems

' I' difficult or intricate tx.an a type-

' ing machine, the telephone or wire-

'f : telegraphy.

rtificial honeycomb has never been

^f. but we should not care to go on

' n. as have so many others, as «ay-

■ that " it cannot and will not ever

be accompli,shed." It's hard to tell
what the twentieth century may bring
forth.

Perhaps the primitive man, who had
just completed an elegant new "dug-
out'' canoe with which to navigate the
streams of his neighborhood, may have
thought he had accomplished the acme
of perfection in seagoing craft. There
have been some improvements in this
line since, however.

Very many bee-keepers feel sure
that in the Italian bee they have quite
all the excellent qualities that may be
obtained in one race. Perhaps they
have but it is hardly the part of wis-
dom to be so complaisant as to settle
down in perfect contentment with
present conditions in any line. It's
better to keep striving for improve-
ment. Such efforts are nearly always
rewarded with succekss of greater or
less degree. If not in dollars and
cents, greater knowledge of facts come
to compensate the work.

In this connection we are reminded
of a recent instance: One of the
veteran bee-keepers wrote to approve
Prof. Benton's article in regai-d to
Punic bees, wljich he denounced. The
writer of this is always alert for infor-
mation upon any apiarian subject, and
especially upon that which pertains to
the improvement of stock and the bet-
tering of market conditions. He,
therefore, felt sure that the corraspond-
ent. who thought so favorably of
Prof. Benton's criticism, must have
some knowledge of Punics, and accord-
ingly wrote at once for information.
This is the response:

"With regard to Punic bees I know
nothing. l)ut I frankly confess I have
no faith in them."

This is prejudice, pure and simple.
Tins journal is not advocating Punic
bees, nor, indeed, any particular race.
However, it is a noteworthy fact that
some persons have no faith in any-
thing with which they are not
familiar; and such persons are usually
several years behind the procession as
a result of their exti*aordinary pre-
caution against imposition. We'are at
a loss to understand why anyone,
wholly without experience or knowl-
edge upon a certain subject, should
feel moved to express their approval
or disapproval thereof. Varying de-
grees of faith, or its entire absence,
have no influence upon the quality of
goods. If a man has tried a certain
brand of goods and finds it bad, or
good then an expression of his opinion
is one of some value; otherwise, it is
worthless.

60

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Marc

For years this journal has stood
quite, or almost alone in its advocacy
of the importation and thorough test-
ing of Apis dor-sata in America. There
is but one way to actually know what
the result would be, and that is by
practical test. We learn that the goA^-
ernment may take hold of thi« matter
under the direction of the Department
of Agriculture, at an early date, and
we are gratified to have the prospect
of some real information upon the sub-
.iect. Promoters of tlie enterprise at
Washington, chief of whom is, pet-
haps. Prof. Benton himself, are deserv-
ing of the highest praise. Now listen
for "-sparrows."

No, fellow bee-keeper, , let us not de-
cry progression. Advancement is the
order of the day. Don't discourage
those who are enterprising, even if
yoiar personal preference is for stay-
ing in the rut. Actual knowledge
comes to tlie investigator. Occasional
failures are preferable to doing noth-
ing. Notwithstanding the boasted
achievements of apiculture, it is far
from being at the head of the list
among the arts or trades of the world.
Activity — active minds and active
muscles — i« our greatest need. If we
are disinclined to participate our-
selves, let us at least, appreciate the
efforts of those who will, and are do-
ing something in beedom.

THEY KNOW US NOW.

Several years a'go the editor of a
contemporary bee journal, wrote to a
contriliutor with whom the American
Bee-Keeper had arranged for a series
of ai'ticles. and endeavored to im-
press upon him a realization of the
fact C?) that it wa>s a shameful wa.ste
of talent for him to be wi'iting for
any other than one of the only (?)
three bee .ioiumals of America that
commanded recognition. Of course,
the young .loiu-nals, to which class the
American Bee-Keeper belonged, could
not long survive in competition with
the three established and leading
lights in the realm of apiarian .iournal-
ism, and such good stuff, as our con-
tributor was writing for The Bee-
keeper, ought to appear in join-nals of
wider circulation, to say the least. . It
7'eally ought to be piiblished only in
tlie one great organ of beedom. but, it
appeared, the -sin would not be un-
pardonable if it should be published
in either of two others.

In point of quality, The Bee-Keeper
would invite a comparison of matter
published this month, with that of any

issue gotten out by our contempora
during the last year or so. We shou
not mind comparing subscription lis
either.

If not at that time, the Americi
Bee-Keeper believes it may now just
claim universal recognition, and a c
gree of popularity, both in Ameri
and in foreign countrie-s, which coi
pares favorably with that of any
our esteemed coworkers.

Much credit is due our correspor
ent-s for this gratifying condition
affairs; and the credit is acknowlec
ed Avith gratitude.

FROM THE FARM PAPERS
The American Bee-Keeper has (
casionally called attention to the i
surdity and ludicrousness which chj
acterize the "average" apiarian
formation put forth by the genei
agricultural press of the United Stat
Generally speaking, it is unsafe for 1
beginner to adopt information fr<
this source, owing to the uncertair
of its practicability. The editor of 1
^lodern Farmer and Biisy Bee, who
a thoroughly practical and experienc
apiarist, is an adept at detecting th(
weaknC'Sses of oiir agricultural frien
and at sifting their wisdom (?) I
following are examples:

FEEDING SYRUP IN JANUAR"

Here is what we find in the Jai
ary fourth issue of Coleman's Ru
World:

"Feed the bees that lack natu
stores at this season. A syrup of gn
ulated sugar and water, about the o
sistency of thin honey, should be :
a-s fast as the bees can store it away

"To winter well a queen should i
be over two years old."

The fellow, Avho is fool enough
follow this advice, will not have a
bees to feed A-ery long. Wonder
that 2-year-oid queen should hs
short, crumpled horns, or long on
like a Texas steer? What donk*
some of these agricultural bee writ
make of themselves!

SUNK TEN THOUSAND DOLLA
IN BEEiS.

A writer, in the Farmer's Voice,
•speaking about agricultural failur
says: "We have walked over a fa
in Kentucky where .$10,000 was au
in bee keeping by a man who coi
command .$2,400 per year in an offic
We would be glad to have our exc
lent exchange tell us where that fa
is located, and where the man w

i

Oo.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

61

iiimitted this unparalleled piece of
lly is. If he is dead, we want to see
• It a proper iiionumeut is erected
,{'!• Ills grave. If lie i^s alive, we want
see that the "fool-killer" does not
.me his way, for fear of what
1 gilt happen. To be frank, we shall
1 \e to put this down as another "fish
Miy," unless our neighbor can pro-
ne the facts and figures and point
( I the man. We doubt if any man in
■ntucky ever had one-fourth that
Ml invested in the bee business,
nil less lost it all before he dis-
(rered he was in a business about
Mich he knew nothing.

The result of the National election is
yet unknown, probably owing to the
illness of Secretary Brodbeck, of Los
Angeles.

Honey and Beeswax Market.

I'FERSON COUNTY, N. Y., BEE-
KEEPERS' CONVENTION.

riie Jefferson County Bee-keepers'
Niety held its annual meeting at
Vitertown, N. Y., .January ITth. Ow^-
\: to cold, stormy weather and bad
nils, the attendance was not very
1 -e. but, if enthu-siasm counts for
;\|]iing, the meeting was a success.

(■ illustrated lecture in the evening,
1 General Manager France and
liber Root, was worthy of a large
;i lionce and was appreciated by those
Mil attended. Glad to state that we or-
Miized the St. LaM^rence County Bee-
Icper's Society at this meeting, and
\ added 14 new members to our list.
lAvas voted, to have the paper, by A.
/ French, Black River, N. Y., Route,
' "W to Successfully Run an Out-

i.iry for Comb Honey," published in
11.

Geo. B. Howe, Sec.

Black River, N. Y.

A'hen writing for rates and adver-
tng information, under date of Peb-
riry 12, Mr. Thos. Worthington.
Ijta. Miss., who has for some time
M a card in our Queen Directory,
'^■.<: "I find that it pays to advertise
V h you." A trial of The Bee-Keeper
ii lost always brings such expressions
f'm advertisers. That's the way to
"id out."

Another bee season is at our thresh-
f ■ "What shall the harvest be?"
1e "man and management" are fac-
t s which enter into a solution of the
P)bleni, as well a-s other conditions.
I ve you laid your plans?

iVhen the bee^s have shown up, and
t ' number of colonies may be ascer-
tned, the necessary stock of supplies
f the season should be decided upon
• 1 secured accordingly. The time for
I pa ration is not long.

Chicago, Feb. 8— The trade in honey is still
below the normal in volume with prices un-
changed except that the pressure on the part
of holders to realize is more urgent. Fancy
white comb honey 12^c. at 13c., No. 1, 12c.,
off grades 10c. at lie. Extracted white 6c.
at 7c., according to flavor, quality and pack-
age. Anything off is lower, amber grades
5Hc. at 6Hc. Beeswax 30c. if clean and good
color. R. A. Burnett & Co.,

199 So. Water St.

New York, Jan. 16.— There is a plentiful
supply of honey of all grades, with a dull de-
mand and prices declining. We quote our
market today: Comb, 9 to 14c. per pond, ac-
cording to quality. Extracted, 5 to 6^c.
Beeswax, 29c. Hildreth & Segelken.

Denver, Jan. 18.— The demand is light but
some signs of improvement. We quote our
market today. Comb, No. 1 white, per case
$2.50. No. 2. $2.25. Extracted, 6 3-4 to 7 l-2c.'
Beeswax, 22 to 25c.

Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n.

1440 Market St.

Cincinnati, Feb. 17.— The demand for honey
at the present time is like business— frozen.
Nevertheless, we are looking forward to a
brighter future. We quote amber extracted
i?r,^.^''''^'® ^"^ '^^"^ ^^ ^ 3"d 6Kc. respectively
White clover at 7 to 8c. The conditions of the
comb market are aught but encouraging, ow-
ing to the vast amount of Western comb
honey, that is being consigned at almost any

^"i^o" }Y^ ^^°*^ ^^^^y ^'^^te comb honey
at 12 to 13c., with but few sales. Beeswax 27c

IM r-, „r . ^'^^^ ^'■^'^ W. Muth Co.

No. 51 Walnut St.

Boston, Feb. 8.— Sales of honey still con-
tinue light, principally on account of the ex-
treme cold weather which we are having. On
account of the large stocks in hand, prices
that we have quoted are shaded in round lots
Fancy white, 15 to 16c.; A 1, 15c. No. 1, 14c •
extracted from 6 to 7c., as to quality.

Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

ten

deve\ov6^ V>vj n\»^&e\s jot
\\o\\te,!>\^fc\\\.S, ov\ aw eiv^v^

X\\u\ woi \\uvc one yjoutitl)?

5'. ^. h.\\^U<TMVpvevte,T\a.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
1 Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDi.xA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

r~\UEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
V Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
$LB0. Our qufeens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

DJ KLOCHER, Pearl City, 111., breeder of
• Fine Italian Bees and Queens Our stock
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock guar-
anteed. Free iuforniation .Jan. 6

I AWRENCE C MILLER, BOX 1113,
L PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

/-> H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO,
v-<. (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS. SPRING HILL, TENN.,
J has greatly cnlargeQ and improved his
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Car-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's
golden; all selects. Ccmiolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

QUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an ex-
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevuc, Ohio. (5-5)

WJ. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, I
• breeder of choice Italian Bees
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my mo

QUEEAS HERE. We are still asking' yo
Sive us your trade. We sell Italians. Goli
aud Carniolans at 7.5c for untested and $,.0(
tested. Prices on (luantlties and nuclei upon
plication. John W. Fharr, Berclair, 'IV.xas. ,1a

o WARTHMORE APIARIES, SVVAR'i
O MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfac
quaranteed. Correspondence in Eng/
French, German and Spanish. Shipment
all parts of the world.

w.

Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MI
Superior stock queens, $1.50 e
queen and Bee-Keepers' Review one year
only $2.00.

\\/ W. GARY & SON, LYONSVIL

'MASS., Breeders of choice Italian
and queens. Imported Leather and Root's
Clover strains. Catalog and price list fee*

M

CORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRi
of Italians become more and more pc
lar each year. Those who have tested tl
know why. Descriptive circular free to
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, K">

p UNIC BEES. All other races are
^ carded after trial of these ^\„nderful b
Particulars post free. John Hewitt & ■
Sheffield, England.

IJONEY QUiiENS AND BEES for sale

extracted 300 pounds per colony in 3

Thos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug.

I (^~ Under this heading w^ill be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
i year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

COLORADO.

CH. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central

ves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail

mple, and state price expected delivered

Ciiiicinnati. If in want, write for prices,

id state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

V^ are always in the market for extracted

mey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send

a sample and your best price delivered

re. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-

it St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASS'N, 1440 Market St, Denver, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

fent=a=Word Column.

AH. REEVES, Dealer in Bees, Bee-keepers'
jpplies. Root's goods at Root's Factory
rices. Send for Catalogues and Price list,
erch River, N, Y. May

V.NTED — Every reader of American Bee-
K'per to try my new tomato. The largest
er grown. Sample package of seed ten
nts. Edward Day, Florist, Peckville, Pa.
3

VMNTED — bees and hives, cheap for cash,
eo. Ranch, West Orange, N. J.

rcACCO HEARTS— Many have them and
n't know it Symptoms are: General weak-
^^, stomach troubles. -nervousness, etc. Ifs
-V 10 stop and be stmn!/. Shakers' complete
iiH'i'o cure $1.00. Satisfaction guaranteed or
iH-y returned. Sluiker Chemical Co , Station
I inclniiHti, Ohio.

A \ TED —Correspondence with bee keepers
Mih of Pennsylvania, east of Mississippi
^r\^. in fiood honey localities free from bee
' lasf's, coMcerninvr price of bees, early honey
!\. climate, etc. Chas L Todd, Hartwick
.■):iiin,ry, N. Y. .5-2-lt

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)

cost J150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for J25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,
ave., Jamestown, N. Y.

.\GENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
turing Concern, Jamestown, N. Y.

Are You Willing to
Pay the Postage?

The regular price of our large
literary magazine is 25c. a year, but in
order to arid several thousand new
subscribers to our list we will send it

One Year, on Trial, for Only J 2c,

to cover cost of postage, etc.

THE MONTHLY

2126 Brainard St., New Orleans, La.

'IiCREASE" is the title of a little book-
1 Ly Swarthmore; tells now to make up
^iter losses without much labor and with-
<- breaking up full colonies; entirely new
1 n. 25 cents. Prospectus free. Address
J L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa. 7-tf

♦•►♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»» ♦^-M-f^

tQUEENS AND BEES

^' Have you ever tried my queens? If not, I should be glad to

1 1 have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,

f AND 1 GUARANTEE PE RFECT SATISFACTION.

^ I have three-banded Italians, Golden.s, Cyprians, Carniokins,

I Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.

♦- Tested. .$1.50 each. Breeders, .$3.00. Contracts made for large

^ orders. Two-framed nucl el a specialty.

t B. H STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.

^ l-5tf

.>>^ ' -f-t- r>"M-^-f > i-^-H'

Mullin

Stamped Steel Bos
Can't Sin;

IliintiniruiMl FNliiiiir Boa
Auto liuatK. Motor I>o:it» <V: liow ISoii'

Staunchly built of strong:, rigrtd ste;l plates, with air chambers in each end like a life boat. Strongr^safi
speedy. Endorsed by all leidi-ix soortsmen. "Get There" Duck Boatsas illustrated *20. Motor P.o.us 161
l'-> H. P., .J13i; l.S ft., :) H. P., ••f'240. Special quotations on Auto Bo,its. Kvery IJoat man should sei
for 1 !»<».■> Cataloyriie which showi all our new model , and many innovations in bnat hull dint;.

The W. H. Mullins Co., (The Steel Boat Builders) Franklin Street, Salem, Ohi

Member National Association of Engine and Boat Euilders.

Read This and Do It QuicK

All One fThe Modern Farmer,
Year $1.40. Green's Fruit Grower,
I Agricultural Epitomist,
Without ") The Mayflower and
GleaDings I X?" rieautiful Flowering Bulbs,

I Gleanings in Bee Culture,
80 Cents l^ American Bee-Keeper.
Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper, 50c
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

$300,000,000 IN POULTl

Do you know that the government cet
of 1900 gives the value of the poultry in
year at very nearly $300,000,000?

Poultry Success ^pSS.t'rrMaSn'

is absolutely indispensable to everyone
ested in chickens, whether they be be
ners, experienced poultry raisers, or
keep a few hens. It is without question
foremost poultry monthly in this coui
and readers of its articles on pure bred cl:.
and their better care and keeping have c
to realize that it is plain truth that "thei
money in a hen."

Regular subscription price 50 cents]
year. Special offers. If you keep chiC
or are in anyway interested in them, we
send POULTRY SUCCESS to you for
year for introduction for 25 cents and
free a large illustrated, practical poultry b '
or three months' trial 10 cents. Sample
free. Address today,

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

Dept. 16,
DesMoines, Iowa. Springfield, C

^LIN

The Marlin Fire Arms Company

The Marli

12 Gauge

Take-Down Repeater

is the fastest and most accurate duck g
made. It combines the balance and ease
action of the best double gun with the su;
rior shooting and sighting of a single bar;
The unique Marlin Breechbolt which sh
out rain and water and keeps the shells (
makes it the ideal bad-weather gun. Mj
for both black and smokeless powders and
take heavy loads easily. A famous gun for hard usa

There are a lot of good duck stories in the Marlin Experie
Book. Free with Catalogue for 3 stamps.

42 Willow Street
NEW HAVEN, CO^■

MILLER'S

Queen Rearing
System

SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS

Used Only for
I

Providence Queens

Send your orders now and remit when

Queens are ready, thus insuring

early delivery.

NEW CATALOG ON REQUEST

LAWRENCE C. MILLER

PROVIDENCE,

Box 1118

R. I.

Three Months for ('nlv ^0 Cents

To

Subsrribei

THE

VMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Establislied in 1«01

" It is the only weekly \>q^ paper in America,
'hose who write for it are among the most
xiensive and successful bee-keepers in the
orld. Many of them produce honey by the
>n, and make money at the business, hence
leir experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

. Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
•lony or 100, should read the old American
Be Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
riber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

\'^

isP

George W. YorR ® Co.

W Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

"The American Boy"

rvlAQAZINE

The Bigg:est, Brightest, Best Boys' Maga-
zine in tlie World.

BOVS LIKE IT BECA C/SS IT TREA TS

of everything Boys are Interested in

and in the Wnv that Interests

Th'rni.

^y*^!!^

PARENTS LIKE IT

and their boys like to have it, because of its
pure and manly tone and the high character
of its contents. It is the only successful at-
tempt to chain a boy's interest and give him
the kind of reading matter that he wants
served to him in such a way as to stir his
ambition, uplift and inspire him. Boys want
reading matter as much as "grown-ups" if
they can get the right kind. If parents sup-
ply them the wishy-washy kind, or none at
all, they usually manage to get the kind they
oughtn't to have, and boy-bandits and would-
be "Dead wood Dicks" are the result.
YOUR BOY WILL LIKE
"1HE AMERICAN BOY"
and you will like him to have it, for it is in.
teresting, instructive, and educative. Au
thorities pronounce it the ideal boys' maga'
zine. It has been a tremendous success, gain
ing nearly I'J.'i.OOO subscriptions in four years
and the parents of our subscribers say it de
serves a million more. As one parent writes
•'In my opinion THE AMERICAN
BOY works a two- fold purpose. It
makes a inan out of a I'oy, and it makes
a boy out of a /!<il-g>07vn via?!."

No publication for young people is paying
so much money for high-class literary matter
for its readers as is "The American Boy."

IT IS PUBLISHING

KIRK MUNROE'S NEW $1,000.00 STORY

Subscription Price of "The American Boy"

( I Year ) = - = - . $1.00
Subscription Price of American Bee-Keeper .50

Total ' $1.50

Both for Only = = = = = .85
Address

American Bee-Keeper, Falcone N. Y.

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and music;
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josle," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man of
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popular
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid for
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupon
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning in
what paper they saw 'his ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods^ so send at once.

H.D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoltice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. I.adies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dep. H. D Grand Rapids Mich.

Are You Looking
for a Home?

=1

If so send for a copy of The Farm and
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
tised in it from nearly every state in the
Union; also city property of all kinds and
stocks of goods for sale or exchange. So
that anyone looliing for a home or a loca-
tion can tiiid anything he wishes in this
Journal. It reaches 33.000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
mediums to reach tlie farmer aud home-
seeker. Advertising rsites 2c per word~
for small ads, or $1 per inch single column
each insertion. Send 75c and we will
mail you the .Journal for one year, or for
10c in silv'T or stamps we will send it for
two mouths' on trial And Journal will
be stopped at the end of two months if
you don't renew. Ko copies sent free.
H-Peb. tf

Farni& F({ Esta e Journa

Traer, Tama Co, low a

(SvSTO\™ J^^HL

i.

We have about 300 copies of ba
inunbers of The Bee-Keeper which •
should lie pleased to place in the hai
of bee-keepers who are not now si
scribers. If you will write us h<
many you can thus distribute for
we shall .uladly forward them, a
thank you for the courtesy.

The Favignanese bee-keepers
garded the want of pollen at the :
preach of spring as one of the ch
11 causes of dysentery among bees.

.^

I publish and reeoiiniiciKl t» joii

THE

Rural Bee=Keeper

The best all-round 50c monthly bee-jotir-
nal in Araericj. On trial three mouths
for this ad with 10c. Clubbed with this
publication, both for one year for 70c, or
send us 25 cents for a three months' trial
and your name and address on 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inking pad 25c extra. Or
send Jl and set the Rural Bee Keeper and
an untested Italian Queen Bee. Sample
copy free. Agents get liberal terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee Kives

and sells them at reasc nable prices.
jS'ew catalogue now ready. Address

W. H. PUTNAM

T DEPARTMENT 14-W RIVER FALLS. WIS.

National Bee- Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
ivorld.

Organized to protect and promote the
'nterests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Trea,sure.

Fifty Dollars in Gold for Three
Cents.

Send us on a postal card the address of tea
farmers. We will send each a copy of the
"Agricultural Epitomist" and solicit their
subscription. We will send you the paper
three months free for your trouble.

To the person sending the best list of names
we will present $25.00 in gold; 2nd best, $15.00;
2rd best, $10.00.

We will keep an accurate record of the num-
ber of subscribers we secure out of each list
and the persons from whose lists we secure
the greatest number subsribers by March 15,
1905, will receive above prizes. In case three
ox more lists produce equal results we reserve

j the right to divide the fifty dollars equally be-
tween them.

I Remember — Send just ten names from one
P. O. Do not send names of children or peo-
ple not interested in farming. We give away

I the $50.00 in order to get select lists and you
cannot get your share of it unless you
chose the names carefully.

The "Agricultural Epitomist" is the only
agricultural paper edited and printed on a

I farm. Our six hundred and fifty acres are de-
vr to practical agriculture and fine stock

I ./d we are offering hundreds of thoroughbred

I pigs and fancy poultry as premiums for sub-

1 scription work. A pig or a trio of poultry easy
to get under our plan. Write for particulars.
AGRICULTURAL EPITOMIST,
Spencer, Ind.

A Boon
For

MtrKeerTs

flow we make our hens pay 400
oer cent, profit, new system, our
own metnod, fiiU.y explained In
our Illustrated Poultrv Boob which contains
Poultry Reeperc' Aco'tand Eag Record showing
gains or losses eve:- montn for one year. Worth 35
rt«, sent to you for 1 » c. U you will send names of 5
Doultry keepers withyour order. Address,
e. b. VIBUERT. P.B. 56. Clintonville. Conn-

The Graham-Hyde Bee Co,

We have Falconer's

Falconer's Bee=Keepers' Supplies tU^'^T^iJJi^oyerm^ the entire south-

vestcrn stales and Mcxicn. Send fur special catalog, etc.

^PPC nnH fliiPPnc All leading races. Bees and Nuclei in any quantity for distant

JCCS ailU V;UCCII» shipments a specialty. Send for circular and prices.

HoneV and Wax nought and soUl. Honey cans in season; be sure and get our

llir Mot tft ' " ^'"^^^ everything the bee-keeper needs and to buy his products in return.
JUl JTIUIIU Correspondence earnestly solicited.

The Graham-Hyde Bee Company

SLCCESSORS TO THE HYDE BEE SLPPLY CO., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

DON'T KILLHalChance

YOURSELF. WASHING TMi

WAY, BUT BUY AH E M P I R B,

Vf AS HER, rntk*eU«kt\0
frailett yooman «a» do cm or-
dinary vatkimc «n «im howr,
without wetting h^r handt.
SampU at%ehoUtaltpric4. 6»tisfftction GTJ«ir«.nt«ed.
No pav until tritd. 'Write/or Illuitrated Cataloff%»
mi*aprieet ofWringeri, Ironing Tablet, Clothtt Re*U,

Drying Bart, WaffonJaelci, lie. ApentsWanted. Lib-
•nlTerma. QaiekSalesI Little Workll Bif Pk^MI
Addrt—.Tuu Em nsiWASBBX C«., JaBMtowB.V.T.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carnioian Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: "^"^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

shou.d haTC a copy ot

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es-
pecially for amateurs. Second edition just ou'
Fir.st edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
Editor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by
Biail 28 cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a lire, proeresw'Te. 2S pape monthly journal ) on*
year for li.ic. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
address

LEAHY MFG- CO., Hisetoviie, m..

Of a Life Time

Wanted to raise
Belgians

Send for particulars and sample cop]
of the only

Belgian Hare^ Journal

Published in America

Judge R. J. FINLEy,

227 Lamb St , MACON,

^^B

ill

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtiss in the U. S. A. on«
year for 1h eents, providing yon
w iiition .4iiKerican Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats 01

^ arm, Orchard and Garden, Potll<

ry and FaHhion. It's the best pa<

v/>er jirinted for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
L'tf

W. M. Gerrish. R. F. D., Epping, N. H
keeps a complete supply of our goods, att
Eastern customers will save freight by order
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

The Bee=Keepers' Review

can help you

MAKE MONEY

Opportunities for making money out of
lee-keeping were never greater. If the bee-
eeper with a single apiary, from which he
nakes a living in a good year, and nothing in

poor year, would only arouse himself to the

Changed Conditions

ecure a good location, if not already in pos-
ession of one, adopt such methods as will en-
ble him to branch out and manage several
piaries, he will find that in a good year he can

Pile up Honey

)n upon ton — enough to support himself and
imily for several years. The Review is help-
ig bee-keepers to accomplish this very thing.

The First Step

I making money as a bee-keeper is the secur-
ig of a good location; and the Review even
jes so far as to discover anu make known
5sirable, unoccupied locations.

Get Good Stock

Having secured the location, the next step is
lat of stocking it with bees of the most desir-
ile strain; and, having had years of e.xperi-
ice with all the leading varieties of bees, the
iitor of the Review is able to, and does, tell
s readers where to get the best stock. Still
rther, the Review tens how to make

Rapid Increase,

)w to build up ten or a dozen colonies, in a
ngle season, into an apiary of 100 or more
lonies.

Having the location and the bees, the bee-
eper must learn how to manage them so as
be able to establish -m out-apiary here, and
other there, and care for them with weekly
.its — yes, by monthly, or even longer, visits,
len extracted honey is produced. It is in
iching bee-keepers how to thus

Control S^v^arming,

It the Review has been, and is still, doing
1 best work. If a man only knows how, he
'i^are for several apiaries now as easily as
1 once~~€ared for only one.

Having secured a crop of honey, the next
step is that of selling it. This is the most
neglected, yet

The Most Important Problem

of succesful, money-making bee-keeping, and
one that the Review is working the hardest to
solve. So many men work hard all summer,
produce a good crop, and then almost give it
away. The Review is trying to put a stop to
this "giving it away." It is showing, by the
actual experience of enterprising bee-keepers,
how the leisure months may be employed in
selling honey at prices that some of us would
call exorbitant. The men who have done this
tell how they did it.

The editor of the Review has a wide, actual,
personal acquaintance with all of the

Leading Bee-keepers

from Maine to California, and is thus able to
secure, as correspondents, men who have scat-
tered out-apiaries widely, managed them with
little or no help and made money. These men
are able to write from actual experience — they
know how they have succeeded, and can tell
others.

One thing is certain, if you are a bee-keep-
ing specialist, or expect to become one, if bee-
keeping is your business, you can't afiford
not to

Read The Reviexir.

It will lead you and encourage you, and fill
you with ideas, and tell you how to do things
— show you how to enlarge your business and
make money.

The Review is published monthly at $1.00 a
year; but, if you wish to become better ac-
quainted with it before subscribing.

Send Ten Cents
for three late, but different issues, and the ten
cents may apply on any suoscription sent in
during the year. A coupon will be sent en-
titling you to the Review one year for only
90 cents.

W. Z. H UTCH I NSON

FLINT, MICHIGAN

^ g • is gaining ad-

dunsninc popuiiT litera*"-

ry family

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the. farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yoM the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.

10-tf.

... ,.._ ...... MA<^AZINE.

It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems hy the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special ofler for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

\ Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor
ous stock in prime condition fa
spring planting.

AH

Leading

Varieties

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There ace a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

Write for prices and terms.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street. Chicago.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

ALLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS POB

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HONEY

If you have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

If^ IN JMEKD

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business

on the cash basis, in selling or Hnyiug

Full Stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their factory prices.

SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Avci '
CINCINNATI, OHIO! |

VGENTS Wanted

in every town for our

Washing Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

id they sell easily. We liave sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
e cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N. Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper,

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
( bscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,
, Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

PATENTS

Ipromptly obtained OR NO PEE. Trade-Marks,

I Caveats. Copyrights and Labels registered.

ItwENTT TEARS' PRACTICE. Highest references.

I Send model, sketch or photo, for free report

Ion patentability. All business confidential.

I HAND-BOOK FREE. Explains everything. Tells

^ow to Obtain and Sell 1-atents, What Inventions

Fill Pay, How to Get a Partner, explains best

nechanical raoyements, and contains 300 other

objects of importance to inventors. Address,

H. B. WILLSON & CO.

Patent
Attorneys
Box 288 Willson BIdg. WASHINGTON, D. G.

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our

Combined Machine, which

is the best machine made

for use in the construction

of Hives, Sections, Boxes,

etc. Sent on trial. Send for

^Catalogue and Price List.

™. W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,

'^913 Ruby St.. Rockford. Ill .

50 YEARS'
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foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe
rubber— in fact, all articles and materials need-
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k-

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BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
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J

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THE MONTHLY

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We Want You

To become a subscriber for the West-
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ing us $1.00 not later than May 1. 190.5.
■we will send the Western Bee .Tour-
NAL one year, and also send a fine
Adel Queen free, jis a premium.
These queens are reared in California
by an e.xpert queen breeder especially
for us, and we consider them the best
race of all. An Adel queen alone is
worth SI. 00, so it can be seen that we
are giving $2.00 in value for $1 .00 in cash.
These queens will be sent to new sub-
scribers as .-.ooD as they are ready, un-
less otherwise ordered.

Send lOc for three (back number)
sample copies — none free. Jf- ^ ,^

Western Bee Journal

p. F. Adclsbach, Editor & Publisher
KiNGSBUKG. California

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address

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WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy and 64-p«£:c eatalocue, FREE

6-tf

Nearly loo pages contained in our
new 1905 catalog. Send for one.

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

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WIS!

MAKES THE FrNEST

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WatertowD, Wis.

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Catalog.

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*

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All One
Year $i.40.

Without
Gleanings
80 Cents

The Modern Farmer,
Green's Fruit Grower,
Agricultural Epitomist,
■\ The Mayflower and

Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbl
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Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper, 50
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mc

Box 15.

The clean farm paper.

l|

■•ki.

WANTED

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. J-^^J'^J-j'

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

A Fountain Pen

AND THE

American Bee-Keeper

For Only Ninety Cents

Ve have made a contract with the makers
< a first class Fountain Pen by which we
<]i give one of these pens with the AMER-
]|AN BEE-KEEPER a year for only 90
cuts.

'he Pen is 14k gold and first class in every
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t e advantage of this offer we will accept
siscriptions for 1906 from present subscrib-
e . Address

:ie AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER
Falconer, N. Y.

20 per cent. Profit

'ineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

N<e a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

L ely Lake Region of South Florida.

er cent, anniual return on investment,
ure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
p:; and oak land, bordered by fresh water
la-s, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Gd title. Time payments. Address for de-
Kptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
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CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business direct to Washington, i
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to U. S. Patent Office. FREE preUmin- i
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> receive special notice, without charge, in the ■

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[Illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year. ]
jlli Ui UlUULnU,WASHINGTbN,'D. C.',

HTf If, EINQHAI
■^"'■J has made all the im-
' provements in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ihe last 30 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent

postpaid, per mail $1 50

6\u inch 1.10

Ivnife, 80 cents. 3 iuch 1.00

2!^ inch 90

r. F. Bingham, ?'°"r*'w •■;,■■■■,•■■ 't

.- .. ... . Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Mich.

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

has no sag in brood frames.

Tliin Flat Bottom Fomdatloa

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is t«
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN <& SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. T.

iEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER,

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

THE AMERICAN FARMER

FOR YOURSELF, ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

MERICAN BEE=KEEPER, Jaitiestown,N. Y.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. We remit imme-
diately upon receipt of shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 Walnut Street,

References :
German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0.
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

CINCINNATI, O.

-^♦♦♦♦♦f ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4»»4»»4»»f»44»»»»»»»»»-»^

QUEENS AND BEES

Have you ever tried, my queens? If not, I should be glad to
have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PB RFECT SATISFACTION.

I have three-banded It alians, Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Tv?o-f ramed nuci ei a specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-.5tf

ALLOWED ON EARLY ORDERS EO

LET ME SELL OR BUY YOUR

HONEY

If j'ou have some to offer, mail sample with lowest price expected, delivered
Cincinnati.

I P IN NBBD

state quantity and kind wanted, and I will quote you price. I do business

on the cash hiasis, in selling or hnying

Full Stock of Bee-Supplies, the best made. Root's Goods at their factory prices.

SEEDS OF HONEY PLANTS.

C. H. W. WEBER,

2146-48 Central Av(
CINCINNATI, OHK

Vol. XV

APRIL, 1905.

No. 4

CHAFF FROM THE " CHILLISQUAQUE APIARIES."

By O. C. Fuller.

THE PENNSYLVANIA CONVENTION.

GENERAL MANAGER France
says the Pennsylvania State
Convention was a good one. I
arise to confirm that statement, and
will add that the bee-keepers of
Pennsylvania who did not attend this
meeting, missed an apicultural treat
that was well worth the expense of
attending. Much credit Is due the of-
ficers of tlie Pennsylvania Bee-Keep-
ers' Association who by their earnest
labor have made the convention a suc-
cess. The bee-keepers of Pennsyl-
vania do. not do things by halves, and
with such men as Pres. Surface, Sec.
Woods and the efficient executive com-
mittee at Its head, the association is
Ijouud to forge forward and bring our
State forward to the place she ought to
pccupy in the list of honey producing
States.

How to Run a Bee Paper.

Mr. Editor, your suggestion in an
editorial in regard to lengthy articles
iust .suits me. The average bee-keep-
r does not care to peruse a whole
lage or perhaps two pages of a jour-
nal in order to get a single fact out of
I I'ong-winded article, drawn out as
ong as a "Waterbiu-y watch spring. It
plain facts that the bee-keeper
vants, not a lot of flowery and unim-
)ortant words to chaw over and wear
>ut his brain in the attempt to dis-
over their meaning. Another sug-
gestion might be offered. That less

scientific and more practical matter be
printed in the bee-papers. We see
some very fine scientific articles in
some of the bee papers — in fact so
fine that we can hardly comprehend
their meaning, and from which the be-
ginner gets but very little information,
and about which the average bee-
keeper cares very little. Of course
these scientific articles may be read
and enjoyed by many advanced bee-
keepers, but we can not close our eyes
toi the fact that many beginners are
following in the wake of the advanced
bee-keepers, and it is those that need
more practical Information. Science
is all right in its place, and we must
have some of it in bee-keeping, but let
us have a good sprinkling of practical
information mixed in. What we need
is something that will aid us in handl-
ing our bees to the best advantage in
honey getting. That is wnat we are
most interested in after all.

Burlap for the Smoker.

The question is asked: "What is
that phosphate sacking, that is recom-
mended for smoker fuel?" I believe I
can answer that question, as I live
right in a phosphate sack region. It is
simply burlap made into sacks, in
which commercial fertilizers are sold
to the farmers, and I know of no bet-
ter material for smoker fuel, providing
ing it is properly prepared. I get all
that I want of it from the farmers.

64

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEErER.

April,

for the asking. To prepare them for
fuel, the sacks .should be washed, to
cleanse them of the acid and lime used
in the fertilizer, and some of the sacks
are treated with some kind of chem-
ical to prevent the acid from destroy-
ing them. Such sacks will not burn,
unless thoroughly washed. Soaking
them in a running stream of water for
several hours and then giving them a
good sousing, and hanging up to dry,
is a good way to cleanse them. They
should be cut into strips about two
feet long and four or five inches wide
and rolled up into rolls, when they are
ready for u-se. These cartiridgos work
best" in a muzzle-loading .smoker.
Licht one end and if the wind is blow-
ing, hold the lighted end toward the
wind, and in a few seconds you will
have a good fire going, then just stick
it into your smoker, fire end down,
close your smoker and you are ready
for busineS'S with a volume of smoke
that will put a whole regiment of Jer-
sey mosquitoes out of commission.
Soaking in a solution of saltpetre is
not necessary.

Not Foul Brood.
General Manager France and his
sample of foul brood, at the Pennsyl-
vania State Convention has shown
that the disease among the bees of
Pennsylvania is not foul brood. Be it
black brood, or pickled brood, or
some other new disease, the fact re-
luains that it is very contagious and
much to be feared, and that it is much
more rapid in its work of destruction
than the old-fashioned foul brood, and
that it will not readily yield to the
treatment given for this class of dis-
eases.

A Handy Cage.

A good cage for caging a clipped
queen, when a swarm issues, is made
by boring a two-inch hole through a
block of wood, 2 3-4x3 3-4x1 inch to
one side of which a piece of wire-cloth
is tacked, to cover the hole, and the
other side covered with a tin cover,
made to slide in gi-oovos similar to the
Peet cage cover. To cage the queen,
the cover is removed, and the cage
placed over the queen. When the
queen will come up and cling to the
wire-cloth, in her efforts to get away;
when the cover can be replaced and
the cage set on the bottom board, and
leaned up against the hive front

awaiting the return of the swarm. I
paint the tin cover white, and if the
sun i& shining very hot against the
hive, I turn the cover side out. or fac-
ing the sun. and thus protect the ,
queen from the heat and avoid taking
chances of having the queen roasted
to death, when a swarm remains clus-
tered a long time before returning.

Color of Honey Affected by Condition.
Mr. Hasty, in American Bee .Jour-
nal, is afraid that somebody is going
to "shoot off his mouth" and say that
late honey is always more or less dark.
No use storing away ammunition tc
shoot back at him. Forestall thai
movement, and shoot at him at once
and talve him unawares, like the light
ning did the toad, by telling him tba
climatic conditions and the characte.
of the soil have something to do wit)
the color of honey. Even clover hone;
varies in different places and difl'eren
season.s. I have before me. .iust no-\\
honey gathered from goldenrod am
asters, that is as white as clover hor
ey is in most seasons here. With u
tile late honey is always darker in dr
.seasons than it is in wet seasons, noi
withstanding ,T. A. Green's skepticisi
in Gleanings, Page 13. That hone
varies much in color was evident Y
samples of clover honey exhibited ;
the Harrisburg convention. The sar
l)les Avere from different parts of tli
United States. The color ranging froj
water white to pretty dark amber,
have noticed that buckwheat honey;
always thicker and darker in a M
season than in a wet one. No. fire tl|
ammunition at him before he thinl|
of shooting.

If the manuf.acturers are .going
make the Hoffman frames more fO(|
proof, by making more with squa|
edges than with V edges, those of
that don't like those V's will not haj
to lie awake any more nights worrj
ing how to clean out those litl|
troughs full of propolis at the ends
each frame. Those V-edge frames al
a "tarnal" nuisance in a place whel
bees gather lai-ge quantities of glij
like they do here.

The bees seem to just delight in fl
up those little troughs with iiropoll
sticking the frames together into a s|
id mass, that can hardly be separat|
in cool weather without splitting
breaking some of the frames.
Turbotville. I»a., .Jan. 14, 1905.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

65

SIXTY YEARS AMONG THE
BEES.

By W. J. Davis, 1st.

(Second Letter,)

THE BUCKWHEAT cake of
blessetl memory floui'islied then,
biit it was always preceded by
1 bountiful flow of dark honey. Not
ince in a while, but every year. Now
t is once in a while. No dependence
0 be placed on a harvest of honey
pom buckwheat. But, fortunately, the
lurple aster has come in to take its
ilace as fall forage.

Another hive used along in the fif-
ies. was about 14 inches square and
ix inches high, with holes in the top
or .^torefying. When one such be-
anie full, an empty one wa-s placed
nder it and then another, as circum-
tances seemed to demand. The up-
er ones, when full, were removed and
oney strained if combs were too
ark for table use. This was probably

step toward what is now known as
le Heddon hive. Various other hives
ere devised which we will not stop
) describe. But in 1860 the Lang-
"roth movable frame hive made its
ppearance in this part of Pennsyl-
ania. I bought the right to use said
ive, and a new system of manage-
lent was inaugurated and a wide-
iread interest awakened in bee cul-
ire.

In .January, 1861, the American Bee
lurnal made its appearance, pub-
^hed in Philadelphia and edited by
muiel Wagner. The Dzierzon theory

parthenogenesis and the Italian bee
ti-acted attention. But the sound of
ar was heard in the land and the
•St publication xyt the continent de-
ited to bee culture wa« suspended
itil .July. 1866, when it reappeared
iim the city of Washington, D. C.

is not my province to speak of the
erits or demerits of said publication

another started soon after in the
ty of New York, only to say that the
tter seemed to me to exist only to
Ivertivse what was known as the
anerican hive," upon which a patent
IS granted and much of the profits

lich .should have gone to the bene-

of good old Father Langstroth was
verted from its proper channel and

' real inventor of the movable-
ime system was doomed to live and

(lie without receiving the pecuniary re-
ward which his great di^scovery en-
titled him to receive. I will give a
brief description of said hive, for I
think they are a thing of the past, and
would be surprised to learn if any are
in use at the present time. It was a
movable comb hive, that is, you
could get the frames out when filled
with comb, but you could not put them
back. I had the pleasure (?) of ti-ans-
ferring the contents of eight or ten
such hives into E hives about 35 years
ago, that I took of a friend in ex-
change for some Italian colonies in L
hives.

I desire in these articles to give to
beginners in the fascinating pursuit
of bee culture as much information as
possible, gleaned by 60 years of actual
experience with bees, and as I am too
old for flattery, I can be pardoned for
saying, by the aid of reading all the
standard works from Dr. Bevan, (a
writer of England) through to Maurice
Maeterlinck and several journals de-
voted to bee culture, I repeat, I can
be pardoned for saying that I have
learned some things but not all.

I receive many letters running about
like this: "I am a beginner in the bee
business and I wish you would tell me
how you would do" this and that, and
that I find that in the scope of an or-
dinary letter a man can not give very
much instruction. One man in Con-
necticut says: "I wish to engage in
bee culture. What time would you
advise to buy bees?" My answer was
in the month of April. Bees are then
lightest in stores and brood and are
supposed to have come safely through
the winter. Second; "What kind of
frame would you use?" I say a free
hanging frame of the Langstroth type.
In this I have no reference to length
of frame, I mention this because a
writer in a late issue of a certain bee
journal recommends frames with top
and end bars 1 1-2 inches wide and
frames fitting close together both at
top and ends. I will say that writer
ma.v like such frames, you will not,
Mr. Novice. I heard an aged man once
say that one experience is better than
two theories. Kind reader, you can di-
gest that saying at your leisure.

Bee-Keeping Not a Precarious Business.
About 45 years ago a man said to
me, "How long have you kept bees?"
I told him 15 years. He straightened

66

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April.

himself up and said with all the so-
lemnity of an oracle. "In five years
you will not have a bee." "Why?" said
i. He replied, "Because I have known
so many who have kept bees about
that long and get as high as 100
swarms and then lose them all:" He
proved to be a false prophet, for I
have not been without bees since.
I first invested 60 years ago. But if
any prospective bee-keeper thinks he
can get a few colonies and set them
down in some fence corner, give them
no attention but possibly to hive the
swarms that may issue and expect to
make a fortune from them, yoai better
invest in something else. But I will
add, that bees will stand more neglect
than any other domestic animal, but
with intelligent care will pay better
than any other stock on cost price,
labor and expense.

Again, there may come a year, or
years when the climatic conditions
may be such that the honey crop will
be a failure, and the same may be said
of any other crop the farmer may at-
tempt to produce. Again, if any one
expects to become a millionaire rais-
ing bee* and honey, I really wish him
success and I will be ready to say
there is one who has become rich not
at the expense of his fellow man. For
all the bees collect is so much added
to the great storehouse of nature that
would otherwise be "scattered by the
winds or lost on the ambient air."
The Italian Bee.

From 1860 there was considerable
said in the agricultural papers about
the Italian bees and several Amer-
ican bee keepers began to import them.
Among the number, as I remember
them, was Rev. Langstroth, Quinby,
Colvin and Carey and possibly others.
In May, 1866, I wrote to Richard Col-
vin, of Baltimore, as to the purchase of
an Italian queen bee. He replied that
he was booking orders for queens at
$20 each, but thought he had as many
orders booked as he woiild be able to
fill that year. I began to look else-
where. On the 22d of July, 1866. I
received two queens from another
source at a cost of only $12. The little
queen (not Italian) that presides in
the hive that has windows and doors
and whose interests were identical
with mine, remonstrated some, saying
that $12.00 was a big price for two
little bees. But you see, I had the
bee fever pretty bad. I had at the time

60 colonies of black bees in Langstroth
hives. I introduced both queens suc-
cessfully and reared 11 young queens
that season Avhich met black drones.
Mine were the only Italian bees in the
county at that time. According to the
Dzierzon theory I had 13 queens that
would produce pure Italian drones in
the spring of 1867. In that summer 1
Italianized my whole apiary, which ir
the fall numbered 120 colonies. Mj
method of procedure may be of inter
est to some beginners.

I went through my black coloniei
about twice a month and shaved th(
heads oiff of the capped drone brood
having first reduced the drone comb t(
the minimum and had but little troii
ble Avith missmating; and what I ha(
came from droves of bees locatec
within two to five miles of my yard a
they will cross at the latter distanc
I happen to know. I had an out ap
ary of black bees five miles nortl
Avith intervening wooded hills, an
one of my black queens mated an Ita'
ian drone from my yard at home n
there were no other Italian bees in th

rTinn+V T liorl n"5'-»' ^r-i +1">o iiitvorlll.

tion of Italian bees discovered
should say observed) some very ol
.iectionable traits in my black bee
First, they did not properly defer
themselves against the wax moth. Se
ond, in attempting toi capture a qne(
the bees would either fignt or rnn
wild confusion up over the sidps <
the hive or out at the entrance. Tliir
not good defenders of their horn'
from the attack of robber beej
Fourth, a proclivity to desert the]
homes enmasse in the spring and tl
to force an entrance into some othf
hive already occupied. This tral
showed most plainly in the month
April, when the bees were idle. Tbj
desertion did not arise from any bn
condition of hive or comb, for som|
times it would occur while 10 or
pounds of good honey remained in tl|
combs with brood in all stages,
development and combs free froj
mould or any other ob.iectionable fej
ture. If I returned such desertiil
swarms to their own hives they wej
sure to come out again at the fill
favorable oiiportnnity. The only w|
I could successfully manage them, wj
to remove their queen and compel .t|
bees to rear another. By the time tl
young queen would be hatched th«l
mania for deserting would be cure!

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEErER.

67

Then the proper thing to do was tO' kill
the young queen and introduce a lay-
ing one. The queen removed might be
kept caged in. some other hive while
the young queen was being reared, but
caging her in her own colony would
do no good, as the bees wotild swarm
out just the same.

I find that the Italians will stick to
their home, even a small swarm. They
seemed to me to say they would die
in the last ditch before taey would de-
sert their babies and their hiomes.
They *eem to have confidence in them-

my Dianipulations of the hive, I have
for years discarded the use of bee
veil or covering for my hands. But I
would not advise the inexperienced to
take needless risks. Provide yourself
with a good veil and good smoker.
When forage is abundant, black bees
work all right, but should there be a
scarcity, blacks will remain idle, while
Italians will make their living and
even make some gain. I simply speak
my own experience. I may or may not
agree with others.

Mr. W. J. Davis in the Apiary.

'Ives and of their ability to make a
ving if oiitside condtions v/ould but
H-mit. I find the Italians are death
' the wax moths. I can keep empty
)mbs which are not in use as long
' I please in my home yard, and the
ist summer I saw but one moth mil-
y (which I dispatched at sight.) It is
ually but little trouble to find an
alian queen in a populou.s colony,
ring to their beautiful appearance
id their stately, majestic movements,
so the gentleness of the workers,
lich usually remain quiet on the
rabs while being handled, and in all

A Home Apiary.
About 20 years ago I established
one seven miles from my home. Two
railroads between the points afforded
a read}^ means of frequent visits. I
built a house 12x16 feet to accommo-
date .32 colonies. It was^ sided with
one-inch V siding; floor and ceiling
were matched flooring, a window in
south end and door in north end. Fly
holes were cut through siding and
alighting boards screwed on the out-
side, and the hives set on inside to cor-
respond with fly holes. Hives were
unpainted but bee-house well painted.

68

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April

with good shingle roof and lock on
door. The hives were arranged for
storifying and I put on 30, 60 or 90
sections per colony as circum.stances
seemed to. indicate. The locality had
what I had not at home, the benefit of
a large range of red raspberry-blos-
soms. The only labor or expense of
the laud owner was to hive, the
swarm^s as they came off. as I could
not be with them much in vswarming
time.

A verbal agreement between Mr. —
and myself as tO' his reAvard remained
unbroken and unqiiestioned for 16 or
17 years, until he sold his jiroperty
and moved from the place. The new
man knew nothing of bees, so I re-
turned them to the home yard and
sold the building to be used for other
purposes. But the enterprise was a
success. And the only reason I give
it here is the quite prevalent opin-
ion that house apiaries are a thing of
the past, and indeed as they used to' be
made, I think so myself. In such a
building as I have hastily tried to de-
scribe, the bees and honey are secure
from night prowlers, whether beast w
human. Cases of filled sections after
removal from hives can be piled up
where it is kept warm. I still use a
smaller house away from home that
holds but 20 colonies. I cannot too
highly recommend the house apiary if
properly constructed, and especially as
an out apiary and where the bee-mas-
ter can secure a suitable man to look
after the swarms that may issue.

Before the inti'oduction of the one-
pound section I used a small frame
made of one-fourth inch pine lumber.
The frames were made to hold one
and two pounds and hung oiu rabbets,
but spread a little wider than brood
frames. In the sixties honey in such
frames brought 30 cents per pound.
It would lend a charm to bee-keeping
if such prices could still be realized.
It would also lend another charm if
the prices of bees and queens were
about what the.y were a third of a cen-
tury ago. In the early seventies
there was a brisk demand for Ital-
ian bees, and in one season I sold
$1,200 worth in full colonies and .$500
worth of Italian queens. I used 100
nucleus hives for the fertilization of
young queens; said hive held four and
some six of the two Twund sur]ilus
frames and a feeder to each little hive.
Queens brought $2 each when ferti-

lized and full colonies $15 in oigh
frame L hives. Its a good thing, youn;
man, to have your dish right side uj
when tlie shower comes. The prevail
iiig prices at that time stimulated tb
rearing of bees and queens and com
petition brought the prices below Avha
they ever should have been, and bee
keepers, like some owners of othe
kinds of stocks, saw their suppose
wealth vanishing into thin air.

But the pendulum swings on an
every fellow said, honey is an articl
of commerce, and the watchword was
get every pound possible, some worl
ing for comb and some for extracts
"Sling it every drop, and feed sugar (
West Indian honey for winter stores."
The result could soon be seen, a pL
thora of the city markets. One coj
mission firm in one of our large
cities started the plan of putting
piece of comb honey in a glass vess
and then filling the vessel (or can)wi
something else" sold large quantit
both at home and in Europe. I
member one of their circulars shw
ing a large man with can under U
arm runnin.g at full speed showiii
No. 12 on the bottom of his shoe, wi'
these words:
"On wings of love my soul would S
From gToceree to grocery for honej

The selling was all/ right and
would have cleared the markets
time if it had not been for the "son
thin,g else."

HANDLING BEES AND TB
HONEY CROP "WITH PROFI

The Most Extensive Bee-keeper in Micliigan T
IVIr. Johnson How to Do It.

By E. D. Townsend.

THE FEBRUARY BEE-KEEPI
is received, and I note what J.
.Tohnson says, pa.ge 25. about 1
in,g persuaded by the Bee-Keepers' I
view to "keep more bees," and how
had taken that advice to the extent
increasing five hundred per cent
two years, and harvestin.g a crop i
colony spi'ing count of 250 pounds o
season, and 64 1-2 ponnds the other
That is .good (?). I think after ref
in.g this report, we are all ready
admit that Mr. Johnson is a practii
up-to-date bee-keeper, as no tenderf(|
in the business would be likely to it
such results. In fact, all hl-s troiull

1905.

THI^ AMEIUCAX BEIvKEEPEIl.

69

appears to eomiuoiiee wliou be begins
to exfliaiige his liarcl-earued liouey for
casli. Let us see: after selling his
last year's crop at $3.00 per case of 24
sections, be quotes the same market
this year at $2.2.".. Taking his own
figures, and .supposing the 24 section-s
to weigh 22 1-2 pounds that would be
10 cents a pound, less freight and cart-
age, 29 cents, commission 10 per cent.
22c making a little over 2 l-4c a
pound, as the expense of selling. Ten
cents less 2 l-4c would leave 7 3-4c for
No. 1 Avbite section honey, with the
items of labor and material, interest
on capital inveisted. etc., still to be
deducted. After quoting figures
similar to the above, he asks "What
has l)rought about such a state of
affairs? and what is the remedy?"
The first question "What has brought
about such a state of affairs? is a
debatable one. Some will claim it is
an overproduction, while others will in-
sist that it is caused by the large
quantitj' of poor-grade honey that has
been put on the market during these
three last cold -seasons, when it ha«
taxed the skill of our best bee-keepers
to produce a good article. Still others
will lu'ge us to organize, so that we
can unite and advei'tise om- honey; so
the consuming public will better un-
derstand the merits of honey as a
health food, etc.

I think, however, we will all agree
that we should strive to. produce the
best article we can, either of comb or
extracted honey, then, after producing
a good article, put it up in the best
possible shape for the mai-ket, being
v^eiy careful in grading so a^s not to get
in inferior article mixed with our bet-
ter grades; for the buyer is alwaj^s try-
ng to buy as cheap as possible; which
s natural, and if he finds No. 2 sec-
ions of honey mixed through our No.
L, he will be quite likely (and with
■eas'on) to ti-y to settle with us on a
*^o. 2 basis. As Mr. .Tohnsion gets the
)est price in the market he sold in,
hese last remarks do not apply to
|iim.

Mr. .Johnson is woiTied about the
arge 1)ee-keepers of the west organiz-
ng, fearing they will eventually drive
he small bee-keeper of one or two
lundred colonies out o business. Quiet
our fears, Mr. Johnson. You may be
uprised when I tell you that they are
ombining their crops together to ship

east in car lots, to save freight. They
are trying to secure the advantages
you already have; or, in other words,
they are [laying freight east to, say,
Chicago. Still, after paying this
freight their honey is not worth a cent
more than is your own at your rail-
way station, quality being the same.

Looking at the problem in this light,
things are wot so bad after all. In the
first place, I think Mr. Johnson made
a mistake in sending his honey to a
commission hou-se and paying nearly
25 per cent in freight, cartage and
commissions. Better supply yourself
with mailing blocks to mail samples
of your extracted honey. Then put a
notice in the American Bee-Keeper
that you have honey for sale, and you
will mail a sample of the extracted,
to prospective buyers free of charge.

Honey dealers all take bee jour-
nals, so any of them needing honey
will be likely to write you. You will
have no ti'ouble in selling your comb
honey at a good price, but your ex-
tracted may not go so fast. But if
the dealer finds that you have a
,super!ior article, you will npt have
nuich troulde to dispose of even the
extracted.

I speak from quite an extended ex-
perience in this mode of selling honey,
having sold nearly 40,000 pounds most-
ly extracted, during the last two
years in this way at prices way above
those ^Nlr. Johnson quotes. Our No. 1
and fancy white comb in 4x.§*~t)laiu
sections selling at 14 to 16c, and white
extracted in 60-lb cans at 7 to 8c, on
car here. Had you not better look
this matter up, Mr. Johnson by asking
a good fair price for your honey? You
not only help yourself but the frater-
luty at large. Think the matter over.
Mr. Richard Curry, page 24, I quote in
early spring, if you find too much old
honey in yonr hives, consequently your
queens cramped for room' to deposit
their eggs, you can use your extractoi-
to advantage. Not so up here in
Michigan, Mr. Curry. If a colony has
room in their brood nest during fall to
breed up a swarm, numerous enough
to winter, then, their usual amount be-
ing consumed during winter you will
not need to use your extractor during
spring; even if the hive is 2-3 full of
honey when the breeding season opens
in early spring. Let them have it all
and take my word for it, that honey

70

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

will cli'sappear before June and in its
place yon will have a rousing swarm,'
ready to take advantage of the honey
flow* when it comes. It is surprising
how those gi-eat solid slab* of honey
will disappear during tue height of the
breeding season of spring, with a good
prolific queen; and when bees were
properly wintered I have never seen a
colony where they had so much honey
that it was a detriment to them dur-
ing the spring.

The gentleman over the river had
evidently not handled his bees to the
best advantage during the season, or
they would not have been clogged
with honey so that they had no room
to breed up for winter. If he had
made his supers a little more attract-
ive by gi'i'lng them some bait sections,
and had used full sheets of foundation
in his sections and thus got them to
work, as he should, he would not have
had this trouble. Bet a cooky his
comb honey crop was short.

Remus, Mich., Feb. 11, 1905.

THE RIPENING OF HONEY.

By Adrian Getaz.

IN THE Bee-Keeping World De-
partment of this paper, is an
item translated from the Revue
Eclectique concerning the experiments
of Mr. Huillon on the ripening of
honey in the hive; Or rather, on the
evaporation of the surplus watex% for
it must be remembered that the ripen-
ing of the honey means more than
mere evaporation.

To vsay that I was a-stounded at the
results obtained, or if you prefer, the
assertions made, would not be a great
exaggeration by any means. I did
not realize the full impoii; of them un-
til the second reading. Then I hesi-
tated. But I had already commenced
the translation and the articles really
worth trauvslating are very few in
number and far apart in time; soi I
finally decided to let it go in.

Since then I have lost some sleep,
studying the matter and have aiTived
at some conclusions. But let us first
recall Mr. Huillon's experiments. He
gave three colonies new sets of empty
combs early in the morning, taking
a-\vay all those that contained honey.
The combs of colony No. 1 were taken
up as soon as the day's work was clos-
ed. Those of colony No. 2 were not

taken out until early the next morning.
Colony No. 3 was shut in the cellar
three days and then the combs taken
out. The honey was extracted from
all, and the density ascertained. The
honey, or nectar, of colony No. 1 Avas
found of a density of 1.394. That
from colony No. 2 1.413 and that from
colony No. 3 1.432. This last is some-
what heavier than the fully ripened
honey i« generally which is 1.424.
Admitting that this last contains 2C
per cent of water and 80 per cent ol
sugars (sucrose, dextrose and levulose;
and calculating the percentage of thf
others from their densities, we fim
that the nectar or honey at the end o)
the very day it has been gathered con
tains already 74 per cent of sugars anc
only 26 per cent of water. By nex
morning the percentage is reduced t(
22 per cent of water and a day or tW(
later it is ripe honey so far as evapor
ation is concerned.

Evaporation.

This 20 per cent of water at the em
of the first day is what stunned m(
The nectar as found in the flower
contains only 20 per cent of sugars an
So per cent of water. To bring i
down to 26 per cent of water, it :
necessary that over nine tenths of th
water originally contained in the ne(
tar should be evaporated.

That's not all. Evidently thes
figures represent the average for tb
whole day's gathering. As the las
gathered could not have the time t
evaporate, the rest must be sufficien
ly advanced to make it up. In fac
most of it should be completely evi
porated within a few hours after bt
ing brought in. That is simply impoi
sible. Even with the help of the be*
boiling apparatus and a brisk fir
such a reduction could not be made.

We are then confronted, not by
theory but by an impossible conditioj
Either Mr. Huillon committed a
egregious blunder, or the trae e:
planation lies in another direction. '.
is not likely that Mr. Huillon made
mistake. All that he had to do w£
to measure one liter of the honey an
weigh it. The weight in grains wou)
give the density at once since one Iit(
of water weights one thousand gram

Some corrections might be introdu
ed. The honey having a density <
1.424 might not be exactly 20 pi
cent of water. The nectar gathers

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

71

light have coutaiiied less than SO per
ent of water. The temperature
hould have been taken in considera-
tion. The inverted sugars may not
ffect the density exactly like the
ininverted. But after making a gen-
rous allowance for all possible correc-
ions, the general results are not ap-
)reciably changed.

On the Wing.
There is but one explanation that 1
an see. That is the excess of water
expelled from the nectar while in
he honey sacs of the bees during the
ime they gather it and come back
lome with it.
That's not a new theory. The idea
ms advanced years ago by several
writers. They thought that the bees
light possess some apparatus similar
0 the kidneys by which the excess of
?'ater might, we may say, be filtered
hrough and expelled. To this it was
eplied that the bees do not possess
nything like kidneys or any other or-
an capable of doing such work.
The last assertion is correct, but the
bought occurred to me that the evap-
ratiotn or filteration, whatever it
lay be, might be accomplished by
ther means. Most of us during hot
eather have more than once im-
ibed a pint or two of water only to
ee it come out at the skin almost at
nee in the shape of sweat and be
bout as thirsty as before in less than
a hour or two. What is not gen-
rally known is the fact that such a
pooess is constantly going on, more or
ss, even in the coldest weather. The
ater usually vaporizes as soon as it
lacnes the outer side of the skin, and
only seen as water when in quite
rge quantity. Furthermore the same
ocess occurs through the lungs, and
e vapor they emit is very visible in
Id weather.

The bees cannot sweat; their skin

Ij^f skin it can be called), is built on

other principle, but their lungs are

tensively developed, ramify and

lach everywhere throughout the

y. And it might be that the excess

water contained in the nectar could

largely evaporated through them,

iring the time it is gathered and

ought home.

To that it may be objected that the
ctar freshly gathered is very liquid
d falls out of the combs easily.
at's true; but the objection has not

a very great weight. You can dissolve
a pretty fair quantity of salt in water,
and that water will be as liquid as be-
fore. You can dissolve a considerable
quantity of sugar in cold water;
the mixture will be about as liquid aa
the nectar. But heat or cook that mix-
ture and it will thicken considerably
and become syrup or even candy.
Ine thickening i-s due to the inversion
of the sugar-, especially to the levulose
which is of a more gummy nature
than the others. (See the best books
on Organic Chemistry for full infor-
mation on that sul>ject.)

Night Work.

The next question is: If most of the
evaporation is done during the very
day the nectar is gathered, why do
the bees work so much during^ the
following night?

Perhaps some of the readers of this
article may wonder what I mean by
"working it during the following
night." I could not give a better an-
swer than by quoting what Doolittle
says on the subject:

"When bees are gathering nectar
from the field, they give the same, on
entering the hive, to the young or
nurse bees, as I have said before. If
no more is gathered than these young
bees can hold in their sacs, none is put
in the cells. If more is gathered than
their sacs will hold, the surplus nec-
tar is put into the cells by these nurse
bees until evening, and then evaporat-
ed down, although this evaporation is
going on to some extent during the
day. At night, all hands join; from
the outside laborer with well worn-out
wings, down to bees but a day or two
old, when the nectar is taken into the
honey sacs, thrown out on the partly
doubled tongue, drawn back in again,
thrown out and drawn in again, and
so on. until by this stirring up process
and the heat of the hive, these small
particles of honey are brought to the
right consistency, when it is deposited,
in the cells to be sealed in due time."

Now, why all that, if, according to
Mr. Huillon's experiment, only a small
per cent of water remains to be evap-
orated?

To this it may be replied that this
work is not altogether a question of
evaporation. The bees also add to the
reduced nectar, secretions from dif-
ferent glands and mix them thorough-
ly together during the process above

72

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEK.

Ayri

described. Some cbemiciil changes
undoubtedly take pkice or at least
begin during that time.

Final Ripening.
If all tbe above is true, the eva-
poration of the surplus water and tbe
mixing of tbe different elements
should be complete in leSvS tban two
days, (unless it be in very heavy
yields). But we know that tbe honey
is not ripe yet. Some chemical reac-
tions have yet to take place slowly be-
fore tbe honey is really ripe or fully
Tipe. The mo<!t important one is the
Tull transformation of tbe cane sugar
in dextrose and levulose. Others
aft'ect the ta-ste of tbe honey. Many
kinds of honey have at first some dis-
agreeable taste that gradually dis-
apears through tbe ripening process.
Artificial Ripening.
If two or three days is all that is
needed to put the houey in such shape
that tbe remainder oif tlie ripening pro-
cess can go on, so to spealv, of itself,
why not extract it then and let the
ripening go on outside of tbe hive?

Well, I don't know. There may be
some other conditions to fulfill beside
those mentioned above, some perhaps
entirely unknoAvn.

Artificial ripening has been at-
tempted already with more or less .suc-
cess, rather less than more, a-s far as
I know. I pre^sume that to be entirely
successful it would be necessary to
keep tbe honey at a uniform tempera-
ture the .same as exists in tbe hive.
A higher temperature would de-stroy
the essential oils which give the honey
its good tacste and peculiar flavor. And
it would take but a few degrees for
that.

Knoxville, Tenn.

^—*'

THE LARVAL. QUEEN.

The Influence of Conditions Upon Its Development.

By Arthur C. Miller.

IN THE American Bee-Keeper for
March, page 46 Mr. John M. Davis
ha.s an article in which he ex-
presses tbe opinion that I have con-
tradicted myself or changed front in
my opinion on queen rearing. He
lta-se>s this opinion on my article in tbe
January number of tbe same paper,
page three, where I wrote of the value
of tbe wariiith. humidity, and food con-
dition's of a normal colony in tbe pro-

duction of queens. He believes tha
this conflicts with my expresse
opinions as to tbe high value of th
Alley -system of queen rearing becaus
nuclei are an essential part of that syf
tem.

A brief description of tbe Alle
nuclei may correct tbe miscouceptio
of Mr. Davis and of others who bdl
similar views aljout Mr. Alley's worl

Mr. Alley's nucleus-Jiives have
capacity of about 2.''»0 cubic inche
contain four combs about 5x5 inche
an entrance one inch by one quart*
inch and a feeder on tbe atmospber
principle, tbe opening of which is w(
within tbe hive.

The combs are kept full of bona
pollen and brood and the hives pack*
with bees, ft Avill be seen very plai
ly that this is far away from a t^
cupful of bees. Tbe conditions wi
nuclei of the Alley kind are tbe sar
as in a larger colony.

To get tbe nuclei into the thrif
condition above mentioned requir
.skill, tbe main training of them in su
condition is one of the fine arts of h'
craft; and to do both these tbir
easily and cheaply is beyond the abl'
of many apiarists and it is for t
reason that -so many condemn Alle'
nucleus system. But tbe skill O)
acipiired the system becoiuics as pJ
tic as clay in the bands of tbe moc
ler and probably tbe cheapest of
sy«tems.

Mr. Davis says he can see no (
ference between queens reared by
Alley system from tbe egg and th
by tbe transferring of larvae. The <
ference exists, however, and the (
will come when the transferring s
tem will be cast aside and bee-keep
will wonder how they ever came to
it.

Reaunear was the first to try it
I mistake not, then Huber wrote o:
and at intervals for tbe next seve
or ieighty years it was written ab<
Finally it seemed to be a flne thinf
bang advertisements on and it
boomed accordingly.

With Alley's plan tbe larvae eme
from tbe eggs as princesses and
ceive royal treatment from bi
while with the transferring pro(
tbey start as menials to later be ti
ed violently into queens "while
wait."

It is vsaid all larvae have the ss
kind of food for the first three d

1905.

11 1 ;•:. A M !•: K I ( ' A N H E K- K E E I ' E

73

and on the strcn;;!!! of this n>-oi-s ol'
the transfi'iTin.u- jjroccss liasc tlicii'
clninis for tiu' safety of the sy-stem.

I wonhl like to asl^ what they really
know abont it?

Bnt even with (lueens proiierly
started and nurtured tluM'c ar(> ])lenty
of opportunitii-s for harm hetwopu
then and the time they are mated and
layiuii-. The first danger is in the cag-

tlnu.iis, ;in alMindancc of nourishing
food. Thi-; she cannot get in a cage
and when this cage has candy instead
of honey the conditions are al;)out as
iiad as they can he.

I t'tink it w;-- tln^ eniinenl anat-
;n.!ist Hvntc"' who ahout IT'.K) noticed
the immatiu'ity of some bees he was
(lissf'ctiDti,-. I;i 1S7-_' (Jen. D. L. Adair
wrote of the mideveloped stage of

THE LATE GEORGE W. BRODBECK. OF LOS ANGELES.

Secretary of the National Bee-keepers" Assoc, ..tion.

Whose Death Occurred February 6th, 1905.

ng methods. Caging cells is one of

he weak si)ots in nearly all system-

if commercial (jueen rearing. Few

)reeders are able to dispense with it.

Mr. l)avi-s" conclusions that a (]ueen

not mature and fully developed for

everal days after emerging are almost

'eyond debate. To perfect the develop-

lent, the ([ueen requires among other

.\oung bees and he applied the term
"adolescent" to this period. It is
sti-ange how this ha« been lost sight
of, ])articularly when so many con-
jectures have from time to time been
made as to why bees pass from one
kind of work to another, as they grow
older.

Providence, R. I., March 7, 1905.

74

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

REPORT OF THE ANNUAL
MEETING OF THE YATES COUN-
TY, N. Y. BEE-KEEPERS
SOCIETY.

A BUSINESS MEETING of this
Society was held March 9,
1905, iu Peun Yan. All the old
officers, were re-elected. For Treas-
urer, P. Quiun; Vice-President, A.
Spooner; Secretary A. Owen, Dresden.
Mr. Spooner was elected a committee
of one to -see to the purchasing of sup-
plies.

Mr. Spooner, being president of a
farmers' club of 150 members said
that by purchasing fertilizers in car-
load lots they had -saved the members
«ix dollars per ton ou the same brand.
Thi.3 saving of money iu buying goods
is one of the principal ties which binds
an organization together, and by the
same means, he said, the bee-keepers
could be held together. When they be-
come aware that they can save money
by belonging to the Bee-Keepers' So-
ciety they will join and stay in the or-
ganization.

F. Greiner, of Ontario county, N. Y.,
had been engaged to deliver an ad-
dress and was present. He spoke
chiefly upon the subject of profitable
bee-keeping and was listened to with
interest on the part of all present. The
many questions asked compelled the
speaker to often go into the details of
his management.

The "Shook-swarming" method as a
means of handling out-apiaries had to
be fully explained; also the clipping of
queens. A curved pair of scissors
were shown by him, which he had
used for year-s and which he preferred
for the purpose of clipping, although
he said he could perform the opera-
tion with a pair of tinner's shears or
an old hatchet if had to be.

Mr. P. Quinn told a little stoiy of his
experience with an old dilapidated
box-hive which he had bought some
years ago. It contained a good swarm
of bees which he tran-sferred a la
Heddon, a method coming very near
being the "Shook-swarming" method.
The bees were drummed out into an
empty box placed on the inverted box-
hive. When the larger part of the
bees had clustered, the box was lifted
off and the bees hived into an empty
hive placed on the old stand. A sec-
tion case was at once given, and room
given as needed. On the 2lst day

after the first drive, a second one was
enacted. This time all the bees were
drummed out and hived in with the
first lot. The combs were broken out
of the old box-hives, the honey ex-
tracted and the comb rendered. From
the swarm thus treated Mr. Quinn
took 80 one-pound sections of nice
white honey.

Mr. Spooner claimed to have had
bad luck in shipping honey by ex-
press. This drew out Mr. Greiner
to his manner of shijiping comb honey,
by freight, as many as eight single-tiej
24-lb cases being crated in one larg«
crate with handles securely fastened
on in such a manner that two men can
carry the large 200-lb crate betweei
them. He said he had never had anj
honey smashed since shipping honej
in this way by freight during warm
weather. He held that the early fal!
was the time to move honey in the
North, that honey when warm, gives i
little, and goes back to its formeii
shape without cracking. At one timt
he had upset a small wagon load o,'
honey, which had just been takeji
from the hive. This happened on
warm August day, and although th.
wide frames with their sections ii
them rolled out of the cases, some o
the cases or supers even bursting, ye
among the 500 or 600 sections only
very few were damaged in any waj
On a cold day such an accident woul
have mined the entire lot.

Many other questions were pre
pounded and vsatisfactorily disposed o:

It was decided to hold another moe
ing inside of five weeks to settle o
ordering supplies.

The meeting adjourned.

SPECTATOR.

5

A LARGE GILL OF REFRBSB
MENT.

"Now most writers and some ed
tors teach that comb honey should a
ways be sold by weight, claiming the
their conscience bothers them if the
know a customer gets an ounce moi
or less than actual weight. Right hei
I want to plead guilty that my coi
science is not so tender and that I b<
lieve in paying a premium for qualit;
Hence I buy my oatmeal by the pad
age and my pills for their quality h
stead of how many there are in
box." — M. A. Gill in American Bf
Journal. May the Lord bless the franl
honest and refreshing man.

iy(i5.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

WORK IN BEE CULTURE.

Extract from the Report of the
Entomologist, of the U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, for 1904, by
I'rof. L. O. Howard.

A great increase in correspondence
oil all topics relating to apiculture so
far occupied the time of the single iu-
ve.stigator in this line that original
investigations had to be limited. This
Lorrespondence covered nearly every
[)hase of the subject, and came from
ill parts of the country, indicating a
vevj general increase in the interest in
Ails branch, and often required special
etters of some length to elucidate the
nformation needed. Frequent assist-
iiiee was rendered teachers connected
vith the public ■schools and normal in-
stitutes where the natural history of
be honey bee, and in some instances
■lementary instructioin in the general
Liethods of bee management, formed a
lart of the course. Advice was also
;iven in some instances to agricultural
■olleges contemplating the institution
if special courses in apiculture.

A small number of choice queens of

be Cyprio-Carniolan cross, which has

iroven such an excellent one for the

;rid regions of the South and West,

vere sent out. The extremely dry

eason in southern California has

iven a severe test of the remarkable

nergy shown in honey collecting by

11 cros-ses containing Cyprian blood;

nd while it has been necessary

u many apiaries, in order to prevent

tarvation of the colonies to ■ feed a

arge proportion of the Italians and

lybrids which are chiefly kept in that

art of the counti'y, reports have been

ent in showing that 30 to 40 pounds

f honey per colony have been found

1 the same apiaries in hives whoee

ueens were largely of Cyprian blood.

he comparative test betwen the Cau-

asians and other types of bees, in-

huling Cyprians, Carniolians, Itali-

us. and various crosses between these

■pes themselves, and also with acci-

ental mating with black drones, has

een continued. The conclusion was

^ached that the Caucasian race was

y far the gentlest honey bee that ha-s

rer been brought to this counti'y-

very manipulation necessary in the

liary can be performed with Caucas-

ian colonies without the use of the bee
veil, and only in rare instances has
it been necessary to apply smoke to
control them. Very small quantities
were then employed. Under nearly all
cii-cumstance-s it would almost be be-
lieved by all observers that these bees
were stingless. The test regarding
their honey-producing qualities has
not been as conclusive, since the past
year was, in general, a poor one in
thi-s region. However, in so far as the
compai^ij^n extended, it Avas found
that they held their own in honey
gathering by the side of the Carniolan
race, although not equaling in this re-
spect the Cyprian crosses mentioned
above.

The revival in various newspapers
of stories relating to the man|ufac-
ture and marketing of comb honey has
called for repeated denials and a plain
statement of the absurdity of the
whole matter, as well as the great in-
jury it was working to the apiarian in-
dustry of the country. The newspap-
ers and other publications which had
inadvertently been led to publish these
inaccuracies have nearly always been
very ready, upon a proper presentation
of the case, to insert a correction. Par-
ticular attention has been drawn to
the fact that it would cost far more, by
anj^ process whatever, to produce a
wax. or imitation-wax comb, fill it
with honey, or any mixture designed
to resemble honey, and then seal it
over ready for the market, than it
would to maintain and care for an
apiary of the required number of
colonies to produce through the agency
of the bees themselves the same
quantity of natural honey. This shows
at once the absurdity of the claim that
the greater part, or any part, of the
comb honey on the market is an arti-
ficially manufactured product. This
shovving has also been followed by a
statement of the fact that a reputable
'firm has for twenty-five years offered
to forfeit $1,000 to any person who
could produce artificially an imitation
of comb honey which would deceive
any person when compared with
combs that are filled and sealed by the
bees themselves.

Early in the fiscal year the apicul-
tural investigator visited the arid
regions of the Southwest, making an
extended Inspection of apiaries over

76

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April

the whole of southern California, and

V.i-i!,i ..1,,^^ i -lilc-.^j 111 t'.n cAiitl';!!

and northern part* of the State, with
a somewhat cursory view of the con-
ditions of the industry in Oregon,
Washington and Montana. The con-
clusions resulting from tJiis tour were
to the effect that the introduction of
various types of bee<3 adapted in each
instance to the respective climates and
peculiarities of the^e regions, together
with the inti-oduction of certain honey
plants from other portions of the
world, which from similarity of cli-
mate, etc., would be certain to thrive
in the portion of the counti-y visited,
would result in a very important in-
crease in the honey production of the
West. The execution of this work is
therefore advisable in the near future.

ing to the fatal illness of Secretarj
Brodbeck it has been delayed.

W. F. Marks,.
Chairman of the Board of Directors

THE NATIONAL ELECTION.

To the members of the National Bee-
Keepers' Association : —

The chairman of the Board of Di-
rectors is in receipt of a letter from
Mrs. G. W. Brodbeck, dated February
11, 1905, announcing the death of her
husband. Secretary G. W. Brodbeck.
and enclosing the following results of
the ballot taken last November for of-
ficers of the National Bee-Keepers'
Association:

President— J. U. HarrLs having re-
ceived a plurality of the votes cast
for President was elected President,
232 out of 355.
Vice-President— C. P. Dadant having
received a plui-ality vote cast for
Vice-President, was elected Vice-
President. 251 out of 355.
Secretary — ^W. Z. Hutchinson having
received a plurality of t.ie votes cast
for Secretary, was elected Secretary,
203 out of 359.
General Manager — N. B. France, hav-
ing received a plurality of the votes
cast for General ;Manager. was elec-
ted, 336 out of 349.
Directors— E. Whitcomb, R. L. Taylor
and Fdo Toepperwein having re-
ceived the greatest number of votes
for directors to -succeed those
whose terms expired were electe<l.
E. W., 100 out of 165
R. T., 102 out of 256.
U. T. 189 out of 311.
The result of this ballot should have
been declared la-st December but ow-

THE GOBBLER AND BEES.

By Yon Youson.

Von day ay buyed som bee hive

Vid isom little bees inside,
Dom vas black and yeller and striped
An dom crall, an yump an flied.

Ay put das hive a shade tree under
Yiist to keep da sun avay

Da bees dom «ing an fly lak tunder
An stiug da turlceys if dom stay.

Von day a big blak turkey globb|

Vid a hed as red as fire.
Stop in front da hive an lioller

An spred hi* tail bote vide hier.

Da liees dom don't vas lalv his cull(j
An dom don't vas lak his stile

Soon liis hed was covered over
An dar turkey don't can smile.

Das turkey put von bine foot over
An try to poke der bees avay

But he fine it don't vas clover;
Da bees vas on das hed to stay.

Den he yump an fly an gobble
An he nni an scratch an paw

Soon he don't Ivin hardly hobble
An he don't kin hardly saw.

Cos his eyes dom vont unbutton.
An dom don't vas open vide.

Das golibler don't vas kin see nuttii
Ven he tried an tried an tried.

Now das turkey's hed vas bigger
An ay tank he got more sense,

His hed, vonce red. iss blak lak nigg
An he run agenst da fense.

Das turkey dont vas haf da rumatis'

For nineteen generation
Da bees da-s gobbler curred free gra1

On dere own recommendation.

Bee sting don't vas hard tu tak

Dom give it on da run.
A doctor's bill dom don vas mak

Dom tak ders pay in fun.

M. Brochet says if the hands a
rubbed with bruised leaves of le
bees will not sting them. What se
respecting insects bees are.

4»»»»»»»»»»»»M»»»»M*^-M--M-><»-

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦^♦♦♦♦♦tM»MM»»»»» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ MM MM

GEiniANY.
Freudenstein holds that the produc-
tiou of sugar honey, aud 'Selling it as
suchjs a perfectly legitimate bu-siness,
and if the bee-keeper can make it a
profitable business he should or might
in the absence of a natural honey flow
enter into it in order to make his bees
pay tlieir way.

years he now has an apiary of 40
swarmvS of bees from which he has an
income larger than from his farm, he
says.

The dy.sentery is a disease of bees
even more dreaded in Germany than
•here. The editor of the Neue Bztg.,
Freudenstein. has for years advocated
its cure by sugar feeding; say-s bees
need no cleansing flights during win-
ter.

Claussen claims in Schlesie, Hoist
Bztg. that queen-s lay more eggs dur-
ing their third season than during any
previous one. This seems to disagree
with our experience in America. Look-
ing over my home yard last spring. In-
spector Stevens and myself found that
nearly all the best and .strongest col-
onies were headed by queens of pre-
vious year's raising. Other bee-keep-
ers here find the same rule existing.

With the Reitsehe comb foundation
moulds, Neue Btzg. says loO sheets
may be made by an experienced person
in an hour.

Oo-sch in the same paper, says the
impoirt dutj' on honey is five cents per
pound. The Austrian government only
levies a duty of less than two cents.

The tobacco pipe i-s still liolding
sway as a bee smoker in Germany.
That a professional bee-keeper can
possibly get along ^vith such an in-
efficient afllair when an American
smoker is procurable is more than the
writer can understand. The German
bee-keeper must be terribly wedded to
his pipe. Illnstrations are given in the
Neue Btzg. showing how an ordinary
pipe is converted into a blow-pipe. At
the beginning of my bee-keeping ca-
reer. I made use of the blow-pipe piir-
posely constructed and working much
better than an ordinary toljacco pipe
possibly could, but by the side of our
present smokers it is but a miserable
excuse, at the best, and while I still
have one in my workshop, it is not
taken into use and has not been in 25
years.

The Leipz Bztg tells of a young man
jwho became a bee-keeper by finding a
Jlate swarm hanging on a bush. He
Itook good care of it, wintered it and
Ikept carefully increasing. After 16

A dead air space affords not nearly
so much protection as one filled with
non-conducting materials, eo writes
Dr. Buttel in Central-blatt. An exper-
iment shows that when groiind cork
retains 77 per cent, of the warmth
produced, the dead air space retains
only 18 per cent.

The comb foundation manufacturer
who was reported last month to be
heavily fined for using a large portion
of paraffin in the manufacture of his
foundation, makes the following state-
ment in the Die Biene: "Chemists
have about the same difficulty to dis-
tinguish pure beeswax from adulter-
ated waxes that they have to tell pure
honey from adulterated products. It is
not shown that the chemist, who made
the analysis, has made his statements
under oath. The wax which was used,
in the manufacture of the foundation
was such as was received from the
bee-keepers as pure wax and came
from the same locality where the adul-
trated foundation was found. He, the

78

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April,

mauuiacturer, was not allowed by the
court to sliow by bis employees or bis
books that paraffin bas never been
bougbt by bim. To guard against adul-
teration of wax it would be necessary
to bave every cake of wax cbemically
tested, a tbing not practicable.

Finally, being physically unable to
continue lawing about the matter he
bad to give up carrying the case into
a higher court.

Wurth recommends the following
method to test the purity of wax: A
email piece of wax is covered in a
glass with benzine and left standing
for two hours. If pure the wax will
be dissolved into tine scales. Paraf-
fin and other wax of vegetable ori-
gin retain their shape. A mixture of
beeswax and other waxes dis-solves
partly— Die Biene.

O. L. Hershiser has a competitor
who advertises for "Slumgum" in Die
Biene.

Bienen-Vater reports Dr. Dzierzon
being ill and confined to his bed.

DAHOMEY.

It is often Stated that there are
many drawback-s to bee-keeping in the
South, of which we know nothing in
the North. So it is in Dahomey.
A dark colored lizard is a great bee-
enemy tliere and is so plentiful that
one cannot take a step without start-
ing up half a dozen of the«e vermin.
They are not only found in the field*^
and forests; they are also found in
the house-s, on the roofs and every-
where. They devour innumerable in-
sects such as mosquitoes, ants, etc.,
and thus serve a good purpose. But
they are just a« anxious after bees and
it is a problem how to protect the
hives against their depredations.—
Der Lehrmeister in Garten und Klem-
tier hof.

FRANCE.

Mr Huillon made some experiments
on the evaporation of nectar during its
transformation into honey. The honey
extracted after being sealed has (in
his locality) a density of 1.424. He
took out all the combs of three colonies
except those containing brood only.
Early in the morning he gave them
emptv combs. At night he took the
combs out of one colony and found

that the honey, or rather nectar which
they contained had a density of 1.394
The combs of the second colony wer^
taken out on the morning of the nexi
day. The density of the honey waj
1.413. The third colony at the end oi
the first day had been transported to
a cellar and left there three days. The
honey therein was found of a density
of 1.432 that is, heavier by O.OOS than
the ripe honey is usually.

N'Qiw it is admitted that the nectar
such as it is in the flowers contains
80 per cent of water and 20 per cent
of sugars or about. This would give
a density of 1.106.

But the honey or nectar found in the
combs at the end of the day in whichf
it was gathered had a density of l.S^i
which gives 26 per cent of water and
74 per cent of sugars. The quantity
of water has considerably diminished,
On the next morning we find a den-t
sity of 1.413 corresponding to 22 per
cent of water and 78 per cent of sugi
ars; that is, the honey is nearly ripe
so far as the evaporation is concernedi
At the end of three days the hooej
was found fully evaporated. But judgi
ing by the rapidity with which th
evaporation went on during the firs
day. it was probably accomplishe«i
through the next day. since there wa
but 2 per cent of water to evaporate
Taking the above figures for a basis
we find that 1000 grains of nectai
such as it is in the flowers, contain
200 grams of sugars and 800 of wate*
During the same day it is gathered i
loses 930 grams of water; during th
following night only 14 grams and snl
sequently 0 grams more. It is the
honey containing 20 per cent of wate
and 80 per cent of sugars and of
density of 1.424.

Or. taking it from another stanc
point, the 1,000 grams of nectar hav
Iiecome 2.50 grams of honey— La Revu
Eclectique.

A correspondent claims that whe
the queen and all the unsealed broo
are removed, no laying workers ai
produced. He says he has tried :
repeatedly. He thinks that the layin
workers are from larvae fed with tb
royal jelly, but were already too ol
to become queens. He also recalls tt
fact that the colonies which lose thai
queen during the winter never deve
op laying workers.

i

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

79

published monthly.
Ihe w. t. falconer MANFG. Co

PROPRIETORS.
H. E. HILL, - EDITOR,

FORT PIERCE, FLA-

Terms.

Fifty cents z year in advance ; 2 copies 85

;nts; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one

jstoiSce.

Postage prepaid in the United States and

anada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the

5stal union, and 20 cents extra to all other

)un tries.

Advertising Bates.
Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
ch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
ons; seven per cent, for three insertions;
/enty per cent, for twelve insertions.
Advertisements must be received on or he-
re the 15th of each month to insure inser-
)n in the month following.
Matters relating in any way to business
lould invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exchi==
r the editorial department may be addressed
H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.
Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
rapper will know that their subscription ex-
res with this number. We hope that you
ill not delay favoring us with a renewal.
A red wrapper on your paper inaicates that
)u owe for your subscription. Please Rive
e matter your earliest attention.

EMtoriaL

Mr. and Mr-s. David H. Coggshall, of
roton, N. Y., have been spending
le winter in Florida and made us a
easant visit of several days. Speak-
? of old combs, Mr. Coggshall said
lat he had a number of brood combs
:\t have been in constant use for
fty-four years.

FOREIGN COMPETITION.

We have received from the South-
we-3teru Ohio and Hamilton County
Bee-Keepers' As-sociation a circular
letter, the object of which is to investi-
gate the present status of the foreign
honey problem, and inviting sugges-
tions as to a practical means of deal-
ing with the situation.

Mr. C. P, Dadant, in the American
Bee Journal, in reference to the vsame
letter says: "If the bee-keepers of this
country desire an increase in the tariff,
they can surely obtain it by going
about it in the right way," and sug-
gests that proceedings should be con-
ducted through the National Bee-
Keepers' AS'Sociation.

The problem is a serious one, and it
is gratifying to note that interest is
being awakened in the matter, though,
we confess, the remedy is not ap-
parent to us. The greatest competi-
tion comes from Cuba, and to -succeed
in securing a revision of the tariff
schedule between two countries where-
in reciprocal tr»ide relations are in
affect, will doubtless require greater
effort and longer time than may be
anticipated.

It is well that the matter is to be in-
vestigated by organized bee-keepers,
and careful study of the situation
backed by determined effort may
eventually bear fruit.

The division in the ranks of the bee

en of the Snug Little Isle and that

Emerald hue are along tne lines of

e Autocrats and Popocrats rather

an between Aristocrats and Demo-

ats. It would probably be the same

're. The desire to rule or ruin seems

affect small groups both sides of the

nd,' " write-s a correspondent.

A BEGINNER'S QUESTIONS.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

I am a beginner in bee-keeping and
should like to ask a few questions in
regard to the business, as follows:

First — Do you think bees winter bet-
ter in deep-framed hives than in shal-
low one.s?

Second — Do mice ever destroy bi-cs
in cold weather?

Third— Would it be all right to nail
over the top of hive in winter a piece
of tin just the size of the top? Please
answer in next issue of The Bee-Keep-
er, and oblige. Yours truly,

John McNall.

1— In the event of a protracted peri-
od of low temperature the deep frame
i« more favorable to succes.sful win-
tering; although bees are frequently
wintered perfectly in very shallow
hives. Hence, it could not be said that
bees "winter better in deep-framed
hives." The excellent wintering fea-
ture of the deep frame lies in the ac-
cessibility of the stores. In the shal-

80 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Apr

low hive the stores of liouey -some- "Bee Paper^j— 'The regulatiou b

times become divided, and while there journal of today has simmered dov

may be an ample supply of houey in to the discussion of "When to put <

one' end of the frame>s, the cluster of supers.'' Thus, the American Be

bees may be at the other end, and the Keeper, Editor Hill, sighs for the da

temperature being so low the bees are of "the Stingle«ss Bee Association

unable to move, and therefore starve. America," with its 10-dollar «ubscri

In the deep frame, the honey is always tion to give the promoter a trip

above, and consequently acces-sible. Brazil. 1 should like to become a pi

2. — Mice often "play havoc" with moter of such an association here, bi

brood combs during the winter. They failing that, 1 don't oliject to be tc

cause the honey to run and may seri- when to put on supers.'*

ously injure a colony in Avinter quar- Editor Digges leaves it open to cc

ters. If beas are in mice-infested re- jecture as to whether he would e-stn

pository it is well to screen the en- ijgjj ^^^ Spygla.ss in some one of t

trances to exclude them. many "Bee-keepers' Paradises"

3— Tin fastened over the hive in which we read, or whether he woi

winter would be a very detrimental ^g,jj| ^jjjjj ^^ Helena, INIontana. but

arrangement. Slight upward ventila- eommits himself to some extent, as f

tion. with some good absorbent over jQ^y.^.

the hive is much better, for obvious »^g gj^jjii gladly subscribe to yc

reasons.— Editor. association, if you allow us to fix yc

destination! H. E. Hill is nothing if i ,,,

THIS IS FUNNY. original. Give him a nice, fresh gho

Mon-istown. N. .1., March 22. — Ow- and a 'punic,' and he will serve you

ing to the very severe Winter many something more startling than mt

colonies of bees have been extermin- supering. Beyond a doubt, the si

ated, with the result that honey will be mering down procesis needs watchin:

scarce and high this summer. Willis

Andrew, who lives at Lamington, uwTr> orkP 't?at rt? ii- "

thought he would take a look at his ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^-^•

colonies on :ylondav, and out of twen- Some time ago we encountered i
ty-four hives he found but five liv- following inspiration (?) m a ^ irgi
iiig bees. He estimates that he lost at farm paper:

least 100,000 bees bv the cold weather. "Honey Bees Outdone.— We got
They were not killed bv the cold, but beat! Our formula makes fine. h(
the honey on which thev depended for thy honey for T^ cents a pound. Foi
subsistence had remained .so solidly nla and complete directions mai
frozen during the cold weather that free for 20 cents, or free if you s(
the bees ^stal•ved to death. -^0 cents for the Inland one year. Mf

The warm rain yesterday took off a fortune manufacturing this hon
the last of the snow, which has been put in glass tumblers. You can dou
on the ground in some parts of the your money and still undersell,
country continuously for 112 days. At others. Address Inland Review
the German Valley Inn a weather rec- somewhere out in Ohio,
ord hasS been kept daily for the past They say fortune knocks but once
1!)4 years, and the record of this win- jmy man's door; and as the wi'iter I
ter -shows that the average tempera- been patiently waiting for. going
ture has been lower than at any time ,s;e^•enty-six years for the cheery r
since ITOP,, although the snowfall was a-tap-tap of Dame Fortune's knucb
not as great as some years of the early niton his cabin door, he was not si
part of the nuineteenth century. — Ex. to recognize in this appeal a courtet

invitation to become almost immt

IRISH WIT. ately very wealthy. It was like h.

We have referred before to the uni- ing two or thi-ee state and natlo:
que department of "A Spyglass," in banks placed in one's stocking
the Irish Bee .Tournal. and the spiei- rhristma-s time. And all so sudd
ne.s-s of the editorials which character- Visions of stately marble halls, an
ize this sprightlv and interesting mobiles, steam yachts, landed esta
journal. In the March number "A Spy- stretching away to the horizon a
"lass" comments thus: cattle upon a thousand hills, sped

lilO.").

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

SI

piinoramic •succession before bis be-
wildered imagination. This was his
first real conception of what "frenzied
finance" really meant; but it was grat-
ifying to feel that patient waiting had
been rewarded at last. However, it
would not do to betray tlie fact that
he was guilty of being associated with
anything pertaining to the vanquished
bee whom his benefactor-to-be had so
coni])letely put out of business. A let-
ter head would give it away; vso Avith
the business sagacity of an Addicks
with a lead pencil in his left hand
upon a plain sheet of cheap i)aper, he
wrote:
Inland Review:

Akron, Ohio, Dear Sir. I am sentling
the twenty ct-<. an postage -stamps, and
hope .vou will send me your receipt

that tells how to make good healthy
l)ee>s honey loi- ."» cents a pound,
yours truly,
Hari-y Hill, T^ort I'ierce, Fla.'

The capital to obtain necessary in-
formation was not to be an obstacle
in so important a matter; and as he
had twelve cents that liad not yet been
spent, he had noi great difficulty in se-
curing a loan of eight cents more,from
a friend who had but recently come
to town. So it remained only to buy
and enclose the .stamps and wait.
Again, he v^Mst wait, but a little while.
Rut T'ncle Sam's mail service is sure
and rapid. The days dragged by until,
at last, it came.

Here it is. We give it freely in fac
simile to our readers, -so that vre may
all henceforth enjoy luxury and idle-
ness. Help yourself, dear reader:

Mr. .J. L. Byer, Markham, Out.,
wrote, March 11: "Our 300 colonies
wintering out of door-s seem to be
wintering well, although they have not
had a flight since November 1st."
March 15, Mr. W. J. Davis, Younjs-
ville. Pa., had this to say of the situa-
tion: "We are still in the embrace of
winter. Mercury at zero this morn-

ing, with from one to two feet of snow
on the ground. Bees in winter quar-
tens since November 11, but they ap-
pear to be standing it well." Many
similar reports have come in, to indi-
cate that notwithstanding the severe
winter, prospects for safe wintering
are encouraging, and plans for taking
care of the coming harv&st are being
made everywhere.

82

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Apr]

WANTS INFORMATION.

Shelbyville, Ky., Feb. 27, 1905.-
Editor Bee-Keeper:

After keepiug bees for twelve years
I have just found out tbat I am but
a novice. Last fall I put 11 colonies
into the cellar and on February 22d
four of them were dead. Two colonies
were last year's swarms and two were
old colonies. I have wintered without
loss out of door8 for the past six years,
but have lost upon my first trial of cel-
lar Avintering. All had plenty of honey
to run them until the beginning of the
honey flow. The old colonies had the
brood chamber full of honey, except-
ing a little place in the centre. I
should like to a«k a few questions:

1 — What killed my bees?

2 — Such a swarm should give as
honey in the super the same year if
there is a good honey flow?

3 — Will it pay to kill the queen and
allow a swarm to return to the old
hive if one hasn't a hive to put them
in?

4 — What is the best hive for. comb
honey, the eight- or ten-frame size?

5 — What is the best to use in the
•smoker? Is tobacco too strong?

A large per cent, of the bees that
died had crawled into empty cells.

J. K. REESE.

1 — It is not improbable that they
were "killed" by too much honey.
That is, they suffered from a condi-
tion known as "honey-bound." If the
brood chamber is allowed to become
clogged with honey in the fall months,
the queen has no opportunity to lay
eggs to the extent necessary to supply
enough j'oung bees to winter. The old
working force soon die off and thus
leave the colony depopulated. The
queen must have room to breed.

2 — Such a farm should give as
much surplus honey as any colony in
the yard.

3 — No; it will pay to provide hivos
in advance for the reception of
swarm.s. Bee culture never pays un-
der -such circumstances.

4 — This is a debatable question that
has occupied about as much space as
any other subject that has been dis-
cussed in the bee journals. We prefer
eight frames, if the Langstroth is in
use.

5 — Tobacco is not good for smoker
fuel. Rotten wood, cotton rags, old

fertilizer or grain sacks, the bark (
hardwood trees, or almost anj' ver
dry vegetable material will answer.-
Editor.

BY THE ASSOCIATE EDITOR

In the American Bee-Keeper f(
March in the Bee-Keeping World, tt
translator expresses lack of convi
tion from the experiments of Dr.Bni:
nich as to the virility of drones fro;
virgin queens.

Prof. Leuckret found that bol
drones from vu'gin queens and fro:
fertile workers were equally as viri
as those from fertilized queens.

Apropos of the discussion as to tl
value of doiuble-walled and chaff hive
versus single-walled and paper-protec
ed hives, the following from the pe
of Mr. P. H. Ehvood, in the America
Bee .lournal for February 23, is of i
terest: Writing of the late Cap
Hetherington, he says: "He was
close observer and quick to adopt ii
provements. Befoi'e he had been
the business a half-dozen years he hi:
perfected a double- walled hive with
chamber of confined air between ai'
had applied for a patent on the sam
On thorough trial he discovered th;;
while warmer for awhile this doubi
wall prevented the sun from dryli
out the moisture, and the hive scK-
became damp and consequently col
He made 600 of these and mechar
cally they were probably as perfect i
hives can be made." In connectio
with this Mr. Parkers' article in tl
March American Bee-Keeper can I
read with profit.

'HONEY MARKET UNUSUALli
DULL."

From a contemporary: —

"The comb-honey lies that cropp6
out so frequently last summer and fal
and the talk about adulterated hone
in the magazines and health journal
have done their deadly work, for tH
honey market seems to be in very ba
way throughout the country just nofV
We expect, however, that condition
will improve as soon as new honey i
out."

The public's knowledge of the be«
keepers feeding of tons of sugar t

heir bees has nothing to do with it.
lo, oh, no! Certainly not. by any
aanner of means! Bee-lveepers are
onest and they Avouldn't cheat the
ear public. Poor, dear, deluded pub-
Blessed "child-like and bland" bee-
eepers.

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

83

iriLL ^VOMAN BE APPOINTED?

he Heads Eligible Li«t from Which
Bronx Bee-Keeper Will be Chosen.

Although Miss Emma V. Haggerty,
f this city, stands first on the eligible
st from which Park Commissioner
chroeder is to appoint one of the
tiree apiarists whom he thinks he
eeds to look after the city's bees in
tie parks in the Bronx, it i« said to
e extremely unlikelj^ that she will re-
eive the appointment. The position
ays $1,200 a year.

Miss Haggerty is not only one of the
lirteen to obtain a rating of 70 per

Dt or better In the examination
•hich the Civil Service Commission
olds for the purpose of providing
ligible beekeeper* for the city, but,
I competition with thirty-odd men,
tie stands clear at the head, with a
andsome 97 per cent.

As not every one is called upon to

ike a citj^ beekeeper's examination.

even knows what a city beekeeper

the following questions from the

lamination which Miss Haggerty

ssed are illuminating:

1. What is the ordinary size of a
)mmunity of the common honey bee?
''hat is the special function of the
iieen, the workers and the drones in
ich a community? How many are
lere of each?

2. In what respect does the cell of
le queen bee differ from that of other

es?

3. INIention two ordinary diseases to
hich bees are liable, and give the
medy for each.

4. For what purpose-s has the prop-
jation of bees been undertaken by
e city? Decribe a plan to exhibit
ies for public observation. Illustrate
' sketch.

6. What is the usual cause of
varming? How is it prevented?
ow may a swarm of bees be recap-
red?

7. What is the best way of protect-

ing the public from being stung by
the bees, and at the same time letting
the public bc-st observe their habits?

8. What happens when bees are left
without a queen? How ma.v a queen
be provided?

9. From what cause do bees suffer in
winter? What precautions should be
taken to protect them while confined
to their hives?

All told, the city has about thirty
hives of bees. If present plans are
carried out, and the three apiarists are
appointed, the city will be paying at
the rate of $120 a year a hive. Who
gets the honey is one of the mysteries
of modern municipal statecraft.

(The foregoing from a New York
paper was sent tO' us last month by
some unknown friend. — Editor.)

WINTER CONDITIONS.
Upperco, Ind., Feb. 9, 1905.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

Our winter here has been a long and
severe one. The thermometer has
registered as low as six or seven below
zero. It has been very cold most of
the winter. Bees have been shut in
since October 1st. with the exception
of a few days.

I examined one colony in January,
one warm day, and the brood would
equal one side of a Hoffman frame.

I thought that was very good, as
much cold weather as we have had.

I see, in the January issue of the
American BeeKeeper. that two patents
for bee hives have been issued. Will
you please state what it costs to issue
such patents ?

D. H. Zenckler.

We regret our inability to supply the
information desired. Full particulars
may be obtained, however, by address-
ing the patent solicitors who advertise
in The Bee-Keeper.— Editor.

BEEKEEPERS HOLD MEETING.

Grand Rapids, March 10.— The
Michigan State Beekeepers' Associa-
tion held its annual convention last
week. Fifty members were in atten-
dance. The exhibits of honey and
honey apparatus were large and inter-
esting. The National Biscuit Co.. dis-
played about 2.3 products in which
honey had been used. The convention
next year will be held at Jackson.

84

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

April

CONYNGTON ON COPORATE
ORGANIZATION,

This volume is just issued and is
similar in style, size and price to its
companion volume, "Corporate Man-
agement," by the same authoi*. This
latter work has had a large sale
among the leading attorneys and cor-
porations of the counti-y. The author
of these books, Mr. Thomas Conyng-
ton of the New York Bar, is a corpor-
ation lawyer of extended experience
and is the author of several successful
works on corporation law.

"Corporate Organization" is unique
in several respects, and, dealing prac-
tically with the subject of incorpora-
ation, is a timely work of more than
ordinary interest. It contains much
valuable matter that is found in no
other volume. Special attention is
called to the following points: (1) It
states fully and clearly the possibili-
ties of incorporation, showing just
what its advantages are and how they
may be best attained, Avhat disadvan-
tages and dangers may be encountered
and how and to what extent these
may be avoided or overcome. (2) It
treats — from the standpoint of bus-
iness and finance as well as that of
law— all the important features of in-
corporation, such as capitalization,
preparation of charter, organization of
company, issuance of stoclv, etc. (3)
It discusses practically many matters
of vital importance to incorporators
such as the adjusitment of interest
among incorporating parties, the pro-
tection of the minority, the mainte-
nance of an agreed policy or manage-
ment, the issuance of stock for prop-
erty, the safeguarding of special inter-
ests, etc. (4) It discusses the use of
voting trusts, holding corporations, un-
derwriting and the other modern in-
strumentalities of corporate or pre-cor-
porate activity. Its forms are of un-
u.sual excellence.

In short the work is a thoroughly
first-class, up-to-date and practical
manual of incorporation.

Published by the Ronand Press
Company of 20,3 Broadway, New York.
Price, postpaid, buckram binding,
.$2.70; sheep .$,'',.20.

friend in the West, has been appointei
iuvspector of apiaries for Santa Bar
liara County California. We con
gratulate both ^Ir. Parker and tht
Bee-keepers of Santa Barbara county.

Mr. Fred A. Parker, than whom the
American Bee-Keeper has no truer

There is notliing about a hive so im
portant as the queen. She is the hear
of the colony. From her comes thi,
life blood, as it were, the young bee
to take the place of those which ar
wearing out and dying. — Morle;
Pettit.

With all the cold weather we ap^
having I think the bees are winterii
well. January 1 it was warm enoug
for them to come out. but since the
thev have been shut in. — F. Greiner.

Several of the "Apiculteur's" corrt
spondents claim that the colonies wit
a fair number of drones yield mol
surplus than those which have non
or only very few. The editor suggest
that the presence of drones may incit
the bees to work more actively in oi
der to provide them. — L'Apiculteur.

The government statistics given i
France for 1903 show 1,793,205 col<
nies. The honey produced was c
123,347 kilos, and the wax productic
1,815,999 kilos. (Five kilos are equ
to about eleven American pounds
— L'Apiculteur.

Honey and Beesvrax Market.

Boston, M'lrnh 9.— The demand for cod

hone.v still continues light with heavy stoc

on hand. Fancy white, I;ic to 16c; Nn. 1, 14

Extracted, 6c toSc, according to quality,

Bake, t^cott & Lee

Cincinnati. March 10.— There is little,
any, improvement in the honey market he
since our last ciuotation. We hope to rend
a more encouraging report soon. Quo
amber extracted honey in barrels and ca
at 5',4c Hnd 6V21': White Clover 7c and fi
Fancy White Comb Honev at 12c and 13
Beeswax, 28c. The Fred W. Muth Oo

No. 51 Walnut St.

Cliicago, March 8 —There has been som
what of an increase in the number of sal
during the past four weeks, yet the volar
his not been largo, wliile prices are if an
thing Ifiwer tlian in .Tanuary, especially 1
other gjades than White Clover. Fani
grades of White Comb bring 12'4c to 13c; ^
1, 12c. with some oft" color at lie to IWt
Amber grades slow at .sc to 10c; Extract!
Wliite. tic to 7c; Ambe--. SViC to ti^c, the pri
being ffovernfd by quality, flavor and pac
age. Beeswax if" clean and s:ond color, 3
perpou"d. U. A Burnett & Oo.

199 .S Water St.

HONrV DEALERS* DIRECTORyI

I^^Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^|

OHIO.

H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

'e are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASS'N, 1440 Market St, Denyer, Colo. 6

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chica^. (5.5)

;ent=a=Word Column.

. H. REEVES, Dealer in Bees, Bee-keepers'
Supplies, Root's goods at Root's Factory
Prices. Send for Catalogues and Price list.
Perch River, N, Y. May

WANTED — bees and hives, cheap for cash.
Geo. Ranch, West Orange, N. J.

TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost J150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for ?25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress .T- Clayborne Merrill. 130 Lakeview,

JENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ies, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-

300,000,000 IN POULTRY

Do you know that the government census
: 19(X) gives the value of the poultry in that
:ar at very nearly $300,000,000?

Pnnltrv SiirrA«c ^^^ ^^^^ Century
rOUiiry success pg^^^^^ Magazine

absolutely indispensable to everyone inter-
ited in chickens, whether they be begin-i
srs, experienced poultry raisers, or only
ep a few hens. It is without question the
iremost poultry monthly in this country,
id readers of its articles on pure bred chicks
,d their better care and keeping have come

realize that it is plain truth that "there is
oney in a hen."
Regular subscription price 50 cents per

r. Special offers. If you keep chickens

are in anyway interested in them, we will
ffld POULTRY SUCCESS to you for one
ar»for introduction for 25 cents and mail
5e a large illustrated, practical poultry book;
• three months' trial 10 cents. Sample copy
Address today,

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

Dept. 16.
esMoines, Iowa. Springfield, Ohio.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

^ ^ IN FLORIDA ^ ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
ebrated IMiieapi'le Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper in the county
and the best vreekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
sample copy.

tf.

The News, Fort Pierce, Fla.

Bee=Keepers' Supplies

1 1/^ story Sframe L-Hive $ 1 00

No. 1 sections Bee-way, per 1000 4 00

Plain 3 75

No. 2, £e less.
24 lb. Shipping Case.s, per 100 13 QQ

Berry Baskets, Hallock Boxes, Crates, etc .
kept in stock and sold cheap. Send for list.

W. D. 50 P E R

R. F. D. No. 3. Jackson, Mich.

MILLER'S

Queen Rearing
System

SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS

Used Only for

Providence Queens

Send your orders now and remit when

Queens arc ready, thus insuring

early delivery.

NEW CATALOG ON REQUEST

LAWRENCE C. MILLER

H tf

PROVIDENCE, R. I

P. 0. Box 1113

Three Months for Only ?0 Cents,
To a yciv Suhscriher.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1»G1

It is the only iveekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-licepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only SI. 00 a vear; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. Yorh % Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and music;
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man of
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma.
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popular
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid for
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupon
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning in
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H.D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG M4GAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENT}

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
.sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES

Dep. H. D.

PUBLISHING COJ

Grand Rapids, Mich.

I publish aud recoiium;n(J to you

THE

Rural Bee=Keeper

The best all-round 50c monthly bee-jour-
nal in America. On trial three months
for this ad with 10c. Clubbed with this
publication, both for one year for 70o, or
send us 25 cents for a three months' trial
and your name and address on 2-line rub-
ber stamp; self-inking pad 25c extra. Or
send il and get the Rural Bee Keeper and
an untested Italian Queen Bee. Sample
copy free. Agents get liberal terms.

Putnam Makes Good Bee Kives

and sells them at reasonable prices.
New catalogue now ready. Address

W. H. PUTNAM

DEPARTMENT 14-W RIVER FALLS. WIS.

National Bee^ Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

_ Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure]

Are You Looking
for a Home?

If so send for a I'opy of The Farm and
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
tised in it from nearly every state in the
Union; also city property of all kinds and
stocks of goods for sale or exchange. So
that anyone looking for a home or a loca-
tion can find anything he wishes in this
Journal. It reaches 33,000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
mediums to reach the farmer and home-
seeker. Advertising rates 2c per word
for small ads, or $1 per inch single column
each insertion. Send 75c and we will
mail you the Journal for one year, or for
lOo in silver or stamps we will send it for
two mouths' on trial And Journal will
be stopped at the end of two months if
you don't renew. Ko copies sent free.

H-Feb. tf

Farm & Real Estate Journal

Traer, Tama Co, Iowa

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS.WORTHINQTON,

LEOTA, MISS.

The Graham-Hyde Bee Co,

Falconer's Bee-Keepers' Supplies ^JXS. '"'"■ *' "" "*'"""'*

western states and Mexi(

house covering the entire south-
Send for special catalog, etc.
Rppc anii OiiAAnc ^11 leading races. Bees and Nuclei in any quantity for distant
uc^S ailU yuccilS shipments a specialty. Send for circular and prices.
HoneV and Wax l^o"S;ht a^fl sold. Honey cans in season; be sure and get our

Our Mntf n '^'" ^*^'® everything the bee-keeper needs and to buy his products in return.
\JUI iTlUllU Correspondence earnestly solicited.

The Graham-Hyde Bee Company

SLCCESSORS TO THE HYDE BEE SIPPLY CO., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

ll

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE TEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

WJ. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
• breeder of choice Italian Bees and
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

QUEENS HEKE. We are still askiiifj you to
give us your trade. We sell Italians. Goldeus
and Caruiolaus at 75e for untested and $1.00, for
tested. Prices on quantities and nuclei udou ap •
plication. John W. Pharr, Berclair, Te.\as. Jan6

Q VVARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
O MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
quaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

-THE FRED VV. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.
1 Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Rec
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Senc
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDi.sA, OHIO
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the year
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the ver
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Ma
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

DJ. BLOCKER, Pearl City, 111., breeder c
• Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our stoc
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock gua;
anteed. Free information Jan. 6

w

VV. GARY & SON, LYONSVILLE,
'MASS., Breeders of choice Italian bees
and queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalog and price list free.

L

AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 111
PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders f<
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Provident
strain of Queens. Write for free information

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free >o ail.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

iiONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
Thos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

QH. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHK
(Cor. Central and Freeman Aves
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniola
queens, bred from select mothers in separa
apiaries. .

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN
J has greatly enlarged and improved h
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Ca
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately in
ported. My own strains of three-band an
golden; "Moore's" long-tongrue; Doolittle
golden; all selects. C:.miolans mated to Ita
ian drones when desired. No disease. Ci
cular free.

CUIRIN, the Queen Breeder, has an e
ceptionally hardy strain of Italian bee
they wintered on their summer stands with
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send f
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
ents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
i\ If you have any, ship it to us at
Mice. Prices subject to change with-
)ut notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mention
'he American Bee-Keeper.

and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-^sted of either race, $1;
one unte .d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

ew Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

' ihou'.d h»T« a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

'0 page book, by Prof. J. W. Bouse; written e»-
cially for amateurs. Second •dition just ou'
rst edition of 1,000 sold in less thaa two year*
itor York says: "It i« the finest little book pub-
lied at the present time." Price 24 eenti; by
lil 28 cents. The little book and

he Progressive Bee-keeper,

lire, proBre8«'"ve, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
ir for 65c. Apply to any first-class de«ler, or

iresB

BAHY MFG- CO., Hi«iu,>u.,M..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

inn Wanted to raise
*"" Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journa

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addi'tes in the U. S. A. one
year for ]n «ents, providing you
ir .'ntion Aiaerican Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
F arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
' ry and Fashion. It's the best pa-
V»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D.. Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

AHEAD OF SHOOK-SWARMING

The March Rcjnetu is now in process of pre-
paration, and will be out about the middle of
the month One article in this issue will be
by H. O SibliMld of Canada, and he will des-
cribe a new system of management tliat prom-
ises to be away ahead of shnok-swarming.
It has tliese ■ dvantages: No shaking of the
bees: do handling of tlie brood; no possibility
of the queen beir.g in the wrong hive;uo dan-
ger of after-s varming; no increase unless
desired ( but easy to secure if wnnted ): no
queen eel s to hunt up aud destroy; yet the
whole force of bees may be kept together the
whole season, and each colony may be re-
queened with a queen from a nuturallv built
cell.

This is only a single Miticle in one issue o
the Review, but it is a fair sample of what yo
are losing if you don't read the Ke^'ieiu, and c
what you will gain if you read it. Send SI. C
for the Review tor i90.5; or if you prefer, yo
can send ten cents, ind when the March issu
is out it will be sent to you, and the te
cents may apply on any subscription sent i
ciuring the year

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

^^^^~^"— — ^^^^ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of it. le.ss than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sulferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicasro.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains'
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,OOC
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yotu th<
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents ir
silver or stamps we will send you th<
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.

10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigo
ous stock in prime conditioi? f
spring planting.

AH

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY C(

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

.GENTS Wanted ' wast^n'

for our

g Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

id they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
e cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
jscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

y)Q\nHLRU J^^U^

BARNES'

Foot Power Hacbinerj,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, which
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
jCatalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO..
913 Ruby St., Rockford. Ill .

Trade Marks

Designs

Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
Bpecial notice, without charge. In the

Scientific Jttnerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MI)NN4Co.3«'«'°»«'-v.NewYork

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, D. C.

ATREJVS, GA.

Subscription, .... 50 Cents a Tear.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Southern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

INCREASE '* ^ handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without
breaking working stocks. A simple, sure, sat-
isfactory plan. 25c

Qy^BY NUCLEI *'*^"* '^°^^ *° mate m*ny queens

from sections with a mere

handful of bees.. 42 pages, 30 pictures; plain and

simple plan. . ' BOc

QUEENS a°<J QUEEN REARING OUTFITS FOR SALE

Goldeii-all-ozier and Caucasian Queens.

Circulars free. E. L. PRATT, Swarthmore, Pa.

ABooa
For

PfloltuKeep

How we make our heas pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained In
our Illuatrated Poultry Book, .which contains

Poultrv Reepere' Acc't and E«c Record showing
gains or losses ever month for oneyear. Worth 25
ct8, sent to you for icc. if you wUlsend names of S

poultry keepers wlthyour order
6. 8. TIBBBRT. P.B ~' '

^^^■o^. Address,

56. Clintonville. Coni»

^WE WERE AWARDED A=

GOLD MEDAI

ON OUR BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

AT ST

LOUIS

J 9 0 '

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Expositio
at Omaha, 1900. Higest awards at World's Fair, Chicago, aii;
the Pan-American Exposition, B nffalo.

Root's Goods Are Prize Winners and Are

World Over.

Sold

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

Brit. Honduras

Cape Colony

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Germanj

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungary

India

Ireland

Italy •:

Jamaica '

Japan

Manitoba

Mexico

Montserrat

Natal

Norway

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain

Sweden

Syria

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River

Venezuela

In all States and Possessions of the United States
Provinces of Canada.

O-ODC? CfSb±:>3b±C)^ ±03r IQC

is now ready. If you wish a copy at o nee drop us a postal,
time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers.

It takes sol

THE A. I. ROOT COMPAN

ivr^iDinsr^^ , omo

BRANCHES:
Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vesey Street.
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

BRANCHES:
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 M[ississippi Str
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores Stl
Washington, D. C, UOO Maryland Ave|
Havana, Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

tered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Ela., as second-class mall matter.

I

Homes in

Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, md in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owner;?
who would not sell until they werf-
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the /narket at
very low prices, lands that product
all kinds of crops, grass3S, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

When writing to advertisers mention
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

$300,000,000 IN POULTRY

Do you know that the government census
of 1900 gives the value of the poultry in that
year at very nearly $300,000,000?

Pnilltrv Sttrrp«« ^''^ ^O**^ Century
romiry JUCCeS^ poun^y Magazine

is absolutely indispensable to everyone inter-
ested in chickens, whether they be begin,
ners, experienced poultry raisers, or only
keep a few hens. It is without question the
foremost poultry monthly in this country,
and readers of its articles on pure bred chicks
and their better care and keeping have come
to realize that it is plain truth that "there is
money in a hen." POULTRY SUCCESS has
from 36 to 112 page.s every issue; is beautifully il-
lustrated and printed; has best writers. Sixteen
years old. Shows how to succeed with iionltry.
Regular subscription price 50 cents per
yc.Tr. Special offers. If you keep chickens
or are in anyway interested in them, we will
send POULTRY SUCCESS to you for one
year for introduction, and mail free a largo il-
lustrated, practical poultry book for only the
regular price, -50 cents, or three nonths' trial 10
cents. Sample copy free.

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

Dept. 16 Springfield, Ohio

THE NEBRASKA FARH JOUBNi
A monthly journal devoted to ag
cultural interests. Largest circulafll
of any agricultural paper in the w4
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, J
bra;Ska, Iowa and Colorado.

0. A. DOUGLASS,"'
Itf Lincoln, Net

THE DIXIE HOME MAQAZl

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest lllua
Magazine In the Worid for 10c a year, to iii|
duce it oniy.

It is bright and up-to-date. T<j
all about Southern Home Life. It
full of fine engravings of grand sc
ery, buildings and famous peo)[
Send at once. 10c. a year postp
anywhere in the U. S., Canada t\
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs o
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a el
Money back if not delighted. Star[
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeepeJ

Big Magazine

One year fH |
quickly in
duce it. H I
prefer it to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' E
Journal or McClure's. Send 10 cents to
pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept |
D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

A vest pocliet Map of your St!

New issue. These maps show
the Counties, in seven colors,
raih-oads, postoffices — and m
towns not given in the pos
guide — rivers, lakes and mot
tains, with index and popi
tion of counties, cities and tow
Census — it gives all official
turns. We will send you pc
paid any state map you wish

25 cents (silver.)
JOHN W. HANN,.^
Wauneta,

Bee Hives
Sections

EVERYTHING

, THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCOWER IVIANFG. CO.,

JMMESTOWN, N. Y.

J

Arc You Willing to
Pay the Postage?

The regular price of our large
literary magazine is 25c. a year, but in
order to add several thousand new
subscribers to our list, we will send it

One Year, on Ttial, for Only J2ct

to cover cost of postage, etc.

THE MONTHLY

2126 Brainard St., New Orleans, La.

The Solution of the
Bee Literature
Problem

Is never olved until it is
solved right, and is never
solved until you are a
subscriber for our Jour-
nal. A new corps of
write s has been secured
to contribute regularly
and what they will write
will all be new to you.
Subscribe to-day. ^1.00
a year.

The Western Bee Journal
Kingsbur g, California,
P. F. Adelsbach, Editor
and Publisher.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address —

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy «nd 64-pagc catalogue, FREE

6-tf

I

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AQR1CUL=
TURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

E.O. Painter Pub. Co.

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

Read This and Do It Quici

All One fThe Modern Farmer,
Vz,a« <tf 4/1 Green's Fruit Grower,
Year pj.W. Agricultural Epitomist,
Without ") The Mayflower and
Olpaninss "^^^ Beautiful Flowering Bull'
(xleanings Gleanings in Bee Culture,
80 Cents [_ American Bee-Keeper.
Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper, 5
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, M'

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

:e:&:8:8:^o)3:8:8:8:e:9:8»:8:8:9:0:0:8:8»:0:8:

^PHOTOGRAPHS

Scenic Prod' c Lions a' cINOYEIj
DESIGNS are cur spec a) ies
Mai y Northprn Publishers are
using our lialf-tone copy. Mo<t
extensive publishers cf Florida
views on t e Florida Coast.

Florida Photographic Concern,
Fort Pierce - - Florida.

Comb and Extracted
Honey on commis-
sion. Boston pays
good prices for a fancy
article. J-J-^J-J-J-J'

F. H. FARMER,

182 Friend Street, Boston, Mass.

A Fountain Pen

AND THE

American Bee-Keeper

For Only Ninety Cents

We have made a contract with the makers
a first class Fountain Pen by which we
in give one of these pens with the AMER-
,:AN bee-keeper a year for only 90
nts.

The Pen is 14k gold and first class in every
ay- It is worth $2.00 alone. If you wish to
ke advantage of this olTer we will accept
ibscnptions for 1906 from present subscrib-
s. Address

he AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER
Falconer, N. Y.

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

ike a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

lively Lake Region of South Florida.

fl er cent, anniual return on investment.

ure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
lie and oak land, bordered by fresh water

es, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples
'od title. Time payments. Address for de-
Jiptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
l- Lake Pmeries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,

COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS. ;

I Send your business direct to Washiiieton, i
saves time, costs leas, better service.

My office close to XT. S. Patent Office. FREE prellmln- i
[ ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent <
is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN— 19 YEARS (
[ ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," i
(Ctc, sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggeri '
» receive special notice, without charge, in th« ]

INVENTIVE ACE

^ illustrated monthly — Eleventh year — terms, $1. a year. '

918 FSt.. N. W,,
^washington, d.c,

E.e.SII!GERS,;

K K

If,

, eikgha:

J has made all the im-
provemuiits in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Kniv^es

made in the jast 30 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too largt sent
postpaid, per mail ' ..$1.50

3^ inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch ' i.oo

2"^ inch 90

r. F. Bingham, ??f,'?'»^;-- -o

Patent Wired Comb Fonndation

has no sag in brood frames.

Thin Flat Bottom Fouidatloa

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
quickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnisk
a Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
and not half the trouble to use that it is t»
wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS,

Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. T.

vEND US ONE NEW SUBSCRIBER,

WITH 50 CENTS FOR ONE YEAR, AND GET

THE AMERICAN FARMER

FOR YOURSELF, ABSOLUTELY FREE FOR A WHOLE YEAR

iMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Jamestown,N. Y.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY,

Mail sample, arid always quote lowest
price delivered here. \A/e remit imme-
diately upon receipt of Shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

References : '
German National Bank, Cincinnati, 0
Any Mercantile Agency, or the Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

'y'o'r'trE^L^- CINCINNATI, O.

=

I QUEENS AND BEES

Have you ever tried my queens? If not, I should be glad to
have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PE RFECT SATISFAOTION.

I have three-banded It allans, Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nuclei a specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-5tf

^'¥-

^^-♦■•♦t

AHEAD OF SHOOK-SWARMINI

Tlie March Re^/iew is now in process of pre-
paration, and will be out about the mitldle of
the month. One article in Ibis issue will be
by H. G SibbHld of Canada, and he will des-
cribea new system of managenieritthat prom-
ises to be away ahead of shooK-swiiiming.
It has these iidvantages: No shaicing of the
bees; no handling of the brood; no possibility
of tlie queen being in the wrong hive; no dan-
ger of after-swarming; Ino increase unless
desired ( but easy to secure if wnnted); no
queen cells to hunt up ai.d destroy; yet the
whole force of bees may be kept together the
whole season, and each colony may be re-
queeued with a queen from a naturally built
cell.

This is only a single article in one issue
the ReTiU-iv. but it is a fair sample of whaty
aie losing if you don't read the Kezneiv. and
what you will gain if yon read it. Send $1
for the A't'iz/Vry for 1905; or if you prefer, y.
can send ten cents, and when the March iss
is out it will be sent to you, and tlie t
cents may npply on any subscription sent
auring the year

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Midi

Vol. XV

MAY, 1905.

No. 5

SIXTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES.

By W. J. DAVIS, 1st.

THIRD LETTER— Continued from Page 68, April Number.

V FOOLISH story started by a
"Prof." that comb honey was
produced by the artificial con-
ruction of combs from paraffine, fill-
1 with glucose and capped over By
achinery and done so nicely as not
' be detected as a work of art, has
locked many dollars from the ledger
the honest bee-keeper. But he, the
oresaid Professor, after years of
idgeling by the different bee papers
lally admitted it was only a scientific
easantry, like the manufacture of
tificial eggs — a proposition too ab-
rd for belief by any one.
Another '"Professor," a lover of the
es, has taught that honey is nothing
!t digested nectar, and I suppose he
Duld give all the bees he has, if he
s any, and his book too, to prove
is scientifically correct. I would
ggest a more appropriate term to be
laporated nectar. I know of no
"getable product that when digested
1 any animal is good for any pur-
ise but to enrich the soil. With
;out 999 out of a thousand persons
t; term "digested nectar," will pro-
cce a very imcomfortable sensation
( the stomach. But, fortunately for
(r business, but few believe such
Eifif; and all such teaching, whether
t (would-be) friend or foe, militates
aiinst the sale of honey, which I
1 ieve to be the purest sweet known
i table use. The Hon. Mr. Whit-

I

comb, of Nebraska, once said: "There
is more nutriment in a pound of honey
than in two pounds of beefsteak and
more medicines than you can buy at
any drug store for half a dollar."
Small things often efifect wondrous
results.

Honey is mentioned 28, and honey
comb nine times in the Bible, and
sugar not once. The manufacture of
glucose has also been detrimental
to honey producers. A sweet that can
be manufactured and sold by retail at
two or three cents per pound will have
buyers, no matter if not the healthiest
food.

Another hindrance has been the
way some bee-keepers dispose of
their honey. I had succeeded in build-
ing up a good trade in my home mark-
et, but farmers having a few stocks of
bees and producing a little honey to
sell would bring it to town and sell
to our grocers at just what they chose
to give, perhaps about 2-3 what I
was selling at. It might be a good
article of honey, but poorly prepared
for market and hence not very at-
tractive. You can readily see the ef-
fect of one such sale. It virtually sets
the price, at least for a time, and the
man who makes a specialty of produc-
ing honey is put to a disadvantage.
No wrong intended on the part of the
small bee-keeper, yet an absolute
wrong is done. The only remedy for

86

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May

this is for the apiarist to put his honey-
on the market in the most attractive
shape. Let the sections be thorough-
ly cleaned of propolis, and if the
wood is colored by age (as some sec-
tions will be) let them be scraped to
whiteness with glass and sandpapered
and put in neat shipping cases with
glass in front, such as I have found
for a number of years at the Falconer
Manufacturing Company's plant at
Falconer. N. Y. Let your honey be
honestly graded. Put the finest next
to the glass and then just the same
quality clear through to the back of
the case, and then if sold by
weight, give sixteen ounces to the
pound. Have a neat card to tack on
the case with the producer's name and
address. I notice by market quota-
tions, particularly in the West, honey
so much per case; a mode of selling
I know nothing about by experi-
ence.

Having said this much about selling
honey, we will now consider how to
get the honey. I shall consider only
the production of comb honey.
First I consider the 4 1-4x4
1-4 sections, an appliance which
has come to stay; or in other
words, the one pound package can not
well be improved on. To produce a
smaller package would be to pro-
duce less pounds. To vary the shape
or size of sections would involve ex-
tra expense of cases. The change of
size or shape of sections may be more
benefit to supply dealers than to hon-
ey producers. With low prices for
honey the expenses must be kept as
low as possible. I prefer a
section seven to the foot, without sep-
arators.

These wide sections with separat-
ors leave too much wood in sight
when the section is filled, and any
separatored sections divide the colony
into too many small apartments for
best results in quantity. Combs of
more uniform thickness can no
doubt be secured by the use of sepa-
rators, but a very fair average can be
produced without them and the extra
cost and labor of cleaning off
propolis be avoided. I use cases with
pattern slats and tier up the cases
during a flow of honey by raising
cases nearly full, and putting an
empty one between the partly
filled case and the brood nest,

provided honey is coming
freely; but if the honey flow seemi
near an end, put empty case on top
It requires a knowledge of the flor
of your field to know just when t
put on or take off cases, and it woul
be a wonderful help if we could bu
know the kind of weather we are t
have a few days in advance. Eve
the weather bureau can help us bt;
little, and I have never been able t
exercise the least faith in weathe
prophets who claim to tell us a who!
year in advance just when it will rai
and when it will shine. Yet I hav
seen some intelligent people wh
claim to believe such predictions.

I do not manage bees by superst
tions. I never ring any bells or tO(
horns to induce a swarm on the win
to settle. Death has twice invade"
my family circle, but I did not go ar
tell the bees. But I have a stro:
presentiment that when the man
ing hand of the Davis family
fallen by "the last enemy" that
bees will go too, for of five childr
the bees have assisted me in reari
not one takes kindly to bee-keepi
I am inclined to think that bee-kee;
ers are born, not made, and the san
may be said of every professio
We have all seen men in tl
ministry, in law and medicir
that would much better fill
position in the work shop
the field. It seems a great waste
material to take what would make
good farmer or mechanic and make
poor doctor, lawyer or minister
him. But I will carry that thoug,
no farther, but next discuss "T
Hive I Use," as Bro. Doolittle woi
say. I prefer a free hanging frai
with bee-space at top, bottom a
ends, of the Langstroth type, but r
so long. I used for a number
years this frame with nineteen in
top bar, that is very good and will
low four lengths of sections in t
supers. But my location, northweste
Pennsylvania, is nearly 42 degrees
latitude (42 degrees being the bour
ary line between the states of N
York and Pennsylvania) our winti
are usually long and cold, and it
necessary for the bees to cluster :
wannth at least seven months out
the twelve; four of the seven j
spent in winter quarters and three
summer stands with uncertain te
peratures. It may be warm and

905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

87

nay be cold. And as the bees cluster
or warmth they usually form a globe
ir round ball, no matter what the size
)r shape of the hive, I concluded that
he long frame left too much cold
ir unoccupied space, either at
me or both ends of frame,
\ hich if warmed must be by the
onsumption of stores.

About twenty years ago, I began,
n a small way, to use a frame with
ourteen-inch top-bar, which gave
mple length for three sections in
upers. The shortening of the frames
id not necesrarily reduce the size of
he hive, only use more of them.
vfter testing them to my satisfaction,

adopted that size of frame and at
resent use no other. For comb-
oney I use from eight to twelve
"ames per hive.

I used to think in box-hive days,
hat a colony building their combs
om front to rear would be better
lan one that chanced to build from
ide to side. But with frames I can-
ot see that it makes any difference
hether the frames run from front to
:ar or cross-wise of hive and I have
sed them both ways and do every
ear.

The advantages I have obtained
ith this size of frame are: First,
tocks build up more rapidly in the
pring, owing to the hive being
armer, (it seems needless to say
lat a given number of bees, say S,ooo,
an easier warm 500 cubic inches of
pace than they can 1,000 inches.)
econd. The bees enter the sections
arlier. Third, They give a larger
er cent, of their white honey in sec-
erns. Fourth, They build nicer
rood combs, less drone comb and in
itter part of the season fill the brood
^mbs with ample stores for winter

I wish to make one point plain to
eginners: That a swarm of given
rength will collect just as much
oney in one kind of hive as another,
rovided all are equally acceptable to
le bees. Whether a hollow log,
luare box-hive or frame-hive. The
lain thing so far as hive is con-
rned, is the controlling of their
bors and controlling the siz-i of the
rood chamber to meet changing- ccn-
itions from cold to hont and' from
sat to cold, such as the revolving
?ar brings to us in this latitude,
hich is the condition of a vast ma-

jority of the bee-keepers of North
America. I am not talking to the
veterans in bee culture, for most of
them are as stiff-headed as I am, but
to the vast army of inexperienced.

My frames are 8 1-2 inches deep be-
tween top and bottom bar, and 12 1-4
between end pieces, and when
combs are built down to bottom
bar as mine usually are, each
frame gives about 200 square
inches of comb surface, and
eight frames 1,600 square inches
and as twenty-five worker bees can be
raised on each square inch of comb
surface 40,000 workers can be pro-
duced every 21 days. But allow-
ing one-half of the cells to be oc-
cupied with honey and pollen, we
have still room for nearly 1000 baby
bees per day in each hive. If you
want a faster increase add more
combs. My standard hives in my
home yard are mostly eight-frames
— in out apiaries 12. But each should
adapt his management to his own lo-
cality.

Bro. Doolittle and Dr. Miller, I be-
lieve, leave their bees in winter quar-
ters until the soft maple blooms. I
set mine out as early in March as
they can fly with safety and they re-
main on their summer stands unless
severe cold should ensue. Bee-keep-
ers have long held that bees wintered
on the summer stands, if they do pull
through the winter are more vigorous
than those wintered in cellars. Be
that as it may, I prefer to house mine
for about four months of the coldest
weather. Queens begin to deposit
eggs in January whether wintered in
or out, first forming a small brood-
nest and enlarging slowly. An early
cleansing flight stimulates brood
rearing, but continued cold will check
it and wisely so, for large quantities
of brood prevents the close cluster-
ing of the adult bees, for bees must
have empty comb in which to cluster.
As a general rule it is not best to
stimulate brood rearing in cold
weather.

Once upon a time some one recom-
mended mixing flour and honey and
plastering it into the combs to stim-
ulate early breeding. I tried two col-
onies and it did set them to breeding
in March, but the weather was cold,
and the result was that I lost both
colonies before warm weather came.

It is a nice question to get our

88

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May

frames the right depth. A deep frame
i^ probably better for wintering, but
not so good for securing comb honey.
Bees in this locality get but little
honey until the soft maple blooms,
which is about the 20th of April. It
yields pollen and honey bounlifullv if
weather conditions are right, and the
bees pack the combs that are next to
the brood solid with pollen. When
that is done, move the said combs of
pollen and put an empty comb be-
tween pollen and brood. Would not
recommend spreading the combs that
contain brood. By giving empty
combs as above the brood nest will
expand quite fast enough for the
slow approach of warm weather. The
presence of fresh pollen and honey
in the spring give new life and
energy to the stock, and queen and
bees will vie with each other in their
haste to fill the hive.

This harvest usually lasts about ten
days which bring us to the first of
May and the eggs laid at this time
are the bees to begin on the white
clover, which opens here about the
loth of June. But between these
(soft maple and clover) the dandelion,
hard maple, fruit blooms, June ber-
ries and several minor sources keep
the bees busy. Another source of
honey, which seems to have come
into prominence here in the last few
years, is a trailing vine with a small
blue blossom and called here "cat's
foot," has proven itself a good honey
yielder. In meadow ground it does
no harm but is troublesome in the
gardens, as it is not easily killed.

About June loth or whenever the
brood chamber is full, put on the sec-
tion cases, (I have had sections filled
by the last of May, but not often.)
You may have a lot of sections saved
over from last season, filled or
nearly so, with white comb, which
you cleared last fall, either by throw-
ing it out with the extractor or let-
ting the bees take it out. Fill one end
of case with sections of comb and
the balance of case with new sec-
tions well guided top and bottom, if
full sheets are not used. These sec-
tions of comb will serve as bait to
start the bees working in the supers.
Do not put in a section of comb and
an empty one next to it. If you do,
you will have very uneven sections,
unless you use separators. "If sum-
mer signs auspicious ride" tier up as
circumstances seem to require. Do

not let bees lay in idleness on out
side of hives during a honey flow
from want of room to store honej
Remember you are working for com'
honey, and whenever a colony i
strong enough to work in the sec
tions, there is a possibility of swarm
ing.

I should have said before that dui
ing the month of May and before th.
hives become filled with bees, clip on
wing of every laying queen in you
yard. It seems to me I would nc
attempt to keep bees without clij
ping tlie queen. With clipped queer |
we have absolute control of the bee!
Two or more swarms may issue i
or near the same time, in which cas
they are very liable to cluster t(
gether, but if the queens are clippe,
it is an easy matter to capture the]
and hold them as prisoners in wij
cages until the swarms are hived :
you desire, and then supply the
with queens. Some queens we m;
consider very valuable, others not
valuable. If you have them clippei
you know "which is which."

HOW TO CLIP QUEENS.

For a general clipping job, I pref
a warm day as early in May as pc
sible, when the bees are gettii
honey enough to be pleasant to wo
with and use but little smoke. L
out the frames until the queen
found, and if you have no assistant
hold the frame, stand it on end ne
the hive, with queen near the low
end of comb. As she slowly crav
up the comb, take one wing betwe
thumb and finger of left hand a
with pair of sharp scissors, clip t
wing, while the feet of the queen i
still on the comb. Do not take t
queen into your hand, or betwe
the thumb and finger as some advi
as you may impart to her majestj
scent to which the workers are r
accustomed, and they take her fot
strange queen. Being a little frig!
ened, her actions would tend
strengthen their suspicions and 1
workers will ball their own queen
have found many young queens
they returned from their bridal ti
so balled, and they were saved oi
by caging for several hours in 1
own colony.

Do not hesitate to clip your que<
because some timid one has said cl
ping queens' wings will impair t
wing power of her progeny — ^1

90S.

vorker bees. Sheep growers of this
ection of the country have been in
he habit of cutting ofif their lambs'
ails, for good reasons, and I have
lever heard of a strain of tailless
heep being produced yet. And if any
eader of the American Bee-Keeper
ver hears of such a case please pub-
ish It to the world. The only use of
vings for a queen bee after fertiliza-
ion, is to enable her to go with a
ew swarm to some hollow tree in
he deep recesses of the forest, if
here still remains such a place.
The shade and fruit trees I set
ut in early manhood have grown too
ill for a man of 'jy to climb, even
ith the aid of an i8-foot ladder. In
ict, any man of that age ought to
ave learned better than to try such
feat.

This is how I manage young

ivarms: When I see a swarm emerg-

ig, I walk out with a wire queen

lyc, and usually before a swarm is

1 out I find her ladyship on the

ass, and I place the open end of

ige over her and she crawls in. I

ip in a plug and lay the caged queen

-■ar. Set the old stock off a few feet

id place an empty hive, (pref-

ably of same color as the old hive)

1 the old stand and lay my caged

leen on the alighting board of the

■\v hive, step back and await devel-

)ments. After flying awhile, and

scovering that their queen is not

ith them, they will return to the old

and and when .they begin to run in

eely, I pull the plug from the end of

e cage and let the lady walk into

r new home with her children.

lould two or more swarms issue at

near the same time (which fre-

lently happens) they are very liable

cluster together. In this event

ey will remain clustered much

nger than a single swarm, and it is

metimes necessary to take :i part

the bees in a swarm catcher and

ake out in front of the hiv-^s nre-

led to receive the swarms, and get

em to "going back" as we call it.

le glad hum of "mother's found"

11 speedily attract the flying bees

■ il the two, three or four swarms
11 soon be hived. Let the young
arms remain on old stands and if

■ • of such new swarms has received
; f than its share of bees, it will
11 be indicated by a crowded con-

' ion, and the bees will cluster on

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

89

the outside of such hive, in which
case take a thin broad board or pane
of glass and gently scrape off the
bees from the bottom of cluster up-
ward and carry to the hive that has
not received its share of bees.
To be Continued.

NOTES BY SAVARTHMOBE.

The great value of queen-excluding
metal is not half appreciated by the
majority of bee-keepers. I think we
should place the invention on a par
with comb-foundation when useful-
ness is considered.

I am convinced that queens be-
come aware of the presence of sealed
queen-cells upon the combs of their
hives entirely by feeling. Uncapped
queen-cells are seldom if ever dis-
turbed by reigning queens, but as soon
as capped will be torn down by them.

It is not always the fittest queen
that survives in a batch of natural
cells. It is generally the first hatched,
and in consequence the strongest at
the time. Thus many fine cells are de-
stroyea each year.

Bees prefer a one-inch auger hole to
all other forms of entrances. This
m.ay be proven by boring a hole into
the back of any hive having a slot
entrance at the front.

During heavy flows of honey cells
are always poor for the simple reason
that the young bees are more intent
on storing honey than in feeding
larvae.

The size and condition of a queen
while yet in repose can be tested by
carefully tilting the cell from side to
side. The trained hand can readily
detect an extra strong queen by the
jar when the body of the queen
strikes the opposite side of the cell.

Extra prolific young queens when
first beginning to lay will de-
posit their eggs uniformly, all point-
ing in one direction, usually with a
downward tendency.

Virgin queen with broad thorax,
cob-like form and stout legs, broadly
spread, invariably turn out to be
long-lived and prolific. Such queens
are seldom lost at mating time.

To quickly supply a comb with
water for use in a cell-building col-
ony, fill a jar-feeder and sprinkle the
water into the cells as one shakes salt
from a salt-cellar at table. Lay the
eomb flat upon the ground and after

90 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. May,

spraying the water on one side turn ago for use in putting together bee

the comb over and fill the other, supplies. Any bee-keeper can make a

Combs ma3^ be filled with syrup for similar one, but be sure it is exactly,

feeding purposes in this way quite square.

satisfactorily. Formerly I used a regular steel

Swarthmore, Pa., Mar. 31, 1905. square but it was not satisfactory so

STRITMATTER'S ERECTING FORM.
A HANDY DEVICE.

By F. J. Strittmatter.

EDITOR AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER:
I send you herewith a photo of
a combined work-table and square
which I devised something over a year

I devised this which makes putting
together bee supplies a pleasure. JtlSl
shove your parts into place and nal
tliem and you have your box exactlj
square.

Another advantage: almost any boy
of fourteen or fifteen can with the aic
of this device nail up hive bodies

[905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

91

ind many other parts about as well as
I man can.

The idea of the board nailed on
■ach side is to provide an opening to
iccommodate the hand-hold cleats on
he hive.

I use a chaff hive and I nail the
leats on the end boards before put

THE HONEY PRODUCERS'
LEAGUE.

Bv W. Z.

A

Hutchinson, Secretary.

CRISIS HAS been reached in
bee-keeping. The time is now

- - ^ - r-- here when bee-keepers must

ing them together as I hnd I cannot band together, as never before, tight
asten the cleats substantially on the an insidious foe, and cope with the
bin end walls (3-8 inch) after the conditions of modern times. In short,
live is together. the wide-spread ignorance regarding

I also send you a photo of my the value of honey as a food( its deli-
lome apiary. This picture I took last ciousness, cheapness and digestibility),
September. I had an assistant coupled with an almost universal be-

MR. STRITMATTER'S APIARY.

[ueeze the bulb while I am seen in
le foreground. I read five bee jour-
als and like the American Bee-Keep-
■ very much,
radley Junction, Pa., Jan. 16, 1905.

Vicks Family Magazine, now in its
)th year, is a publication that well
lerits a place in every rural home,
he April number, dealing as it does
ith springtime topics in both a prac-
cal and sentimental manner, be-
3mes a veritable inspiration to na-
ire lovers.

lief in its adulteration, which belief is
fostered by the continued publication
of untruthful stories concerning so-
called manufactured comb honey, to
which may be added the fact that
cheap syrups are being pushed upon
the market with great vigor — all these
combined are depressing the honey
market beyond all precedent; and, un-
less something is done to counteract
these influences, our occupation, or, at
least, a good share of its profitable-
ness, will soon be gone.

A large share of last year's honey
crop is still unsold, while the market

92

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May-

is practically dead, as is easily shown
by reference to the market reports.
The crop of the coming season will
soon be here, and, should it prove a
bountiful one, with last year's crop
still unsold, where will prices go then?
We may as well face the situation
squarely. Then comes the all-impor-
tant question; What shall we do
about it?

Three or four of us began recently
to discuss this question, privately, by
mail, and we decided to act promptly,
to the extent of summoning (some by
telephone and telegraph) to a confer-
ence in Chicago, some eight or ten
representative manufacturers, dealers,
publishers and honey-producers. As a
result, such a meeting was held
March 14th and 15th, the whole two
days being occupied in forming an
organization, and in discussing ways
and means whereby said organization
can increase the demand for honey.

The first step was the drafting of a
constitution which reads as follows:

CONSTITUTION.

Art. I — Name and Headquarters.

Sec. I — The name of this organiza-
tion shall be "The Honey Producers'
League."

Sec. 2 — Its headquarters shall be
Chicago, 111.

Art. II— Objects.
Its objects shall be to create a larg-
er demand for honey by popularizing
its use among the consuming public
through advertising in newspapers
and magazines its great value as a
food, and by such other methods as
may be considered advisable by the
Executive Board. Also by publica-
tion of facts concerning the produc-
tion of honey to counteract any mis-
representation of the same.

Art. Ill— Membership and Dues.

Sec. I — Any bee-keeper may become
a member by paying to the Manager
an annual fee of $1.00 for each 20 (or
fraction of 20) colonies of bees
(spring count) he owns or operates.

Sec. 2 — Any honey-dealer, bee-sup-
ply dealer, bee-supply manufacturer,
bee-paper publisher, or any other firm
or individual, may become a member
on the annual payment of a fee of
$10.00, increased by one-fifth of one
(i) per cent, of his or its capital used
in the allied interests of bee-keeping.

Sec. 3 — The annual dues shall be

payable in advance, on or before Maj
I of each year.

Sec. 4 — Membership shall ceas(
when dues are in arrears thre<
months.

Art. IV — Executive Board.

Sec. I — An Executive Board consist
ing of seven members shall be elect-
ed by mail ballot annually in th<.
month of March (after the first elec
tion), the ballots to be sent to th<
membership between March I anc
5, the polls to be closed at noon Apri
I. They shall be the seven member!
receiving the highest number of vote:
cast. In case of a tie-vote, the othe:
members of the Board shall decide it

Sec. 2 — The votes shall be mailed t(
the Secretary, who, with anothe
member to be selected by the balanc.
of the Executive Board, shall togethe
count the votes and certify the resul
to the Manager, who shall then for •
ward copies of the same to the Unite( '
States bee-papers for publication, am '
also give same in his annual report. ]

Sec. 3 — The Executive Board shal
have the general management of th
League, and shall elect from thei
number the officers named in Articl
V, Sec. I, who shall execute the order
of the Board, and hold their severa
offices until their successors are elect
ed and qualified.

Sec. 4 — The Executive Board shal
meet annually, on the third Wednes
day in April, in Chicago, for the elec
tion of officers, and for the transactio;
of such other business as may regular
ly come before it.

Sec. 5 — Special meetings of the Ex
ecutive Board shall be held when call
ed by the President, upon request o
three or more members of the Board

Art. v.— Officers.

Sec. I- — The officers, shall be ;
President, Vice-President, Secretary!
Treasurer and Manager. ;l

Sec. 2 — The duties of the Presiden
and Vice-President shall be such a:
usually devolve upon these officers.

Sec. 3 — The duties of the Secretary
shall be to keep a record of the meet-
ings of the Executive Board, (and tc
count the ballots of all votes of tht
membership, as provided by Art. IV
Sec. 2, the result of which he is to for-
ward at once to the Manager.

Sec. 4 — The Treasurer shall keep i
record of all moneys received from the
Manager, giving his receipts there

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

93

for; and he shall pay out funds only
on bills approved as per Sec. 5 of this
article.

Sec. 5 — The duties of the Manager
shall be to conduct the actual business
of the League as directed by the Ex-
ecutive Board; to keep a list of the
membership; to account for all
moneys received, and turn same over
to the Treasurer, taking his receipt
therefor; to prepare and mail in
March of each year, to the member-
ship, an annual report containing a
financial statement, and such other
matters as would be of interest to all
;oncerned, including all ballots and
imendments; and to issue orders on
he Treasurer for payment of all bills,
■vhen countersigned by the President.

Sec. 6 — The Treasurer and Manager
-hall each furnish such bond as shall
)e satisfactory to the Executive
3oard.

Art. VI. — Salaries and Expenses.

Sec. I — No salary shall be paid any
)fficer of this League, but the actual
xpense of holding meetings of the
executive Board (when they deem
uch necessary) shall be paid from
he general expense-fund.

Sec. 2 — There shall be an allowance
if five (5) per cent, of the cash re-
eipts to cover all general expenses,
uch as printing, meetings of the Ex-
cutive Board, etc., the remaining
linety-five (95) per cent, to be applied
in the advertising proper.

Art. VII — Amendments.
This Constitution may be amended
y a two-thirds vote of the member-
hip at any regular election, provided
uch proposed amendment be first
ubmitted to the Executive Board
nd approved by it.

Minutes of First Meeting.
A temporary organization was ef-
■icted and the foregoing Constitution
dopted, when, upon motion of Ralph
V. Boyden, the following members
ere elected as an Executive Board:
)r. C. C. Miller, W. Z. Hutchinson,
rthur L. Boyden, George W. York,
. P. Dadant, N. E. France and
eorge C. Lewis.

A permanent organization was then
Jrmed, and the following officers
ected: President, Dr. C. C. Miller;
ice-President, George C. Lewis; Sec-
:tary, W. Z. Hutchinson; Treasurer,
rthur L. Boyden; Manager, George

York.

Before adjourning it was resolved
to do no general advertising until
there is at least $5,000 in the hands of
the Treasurer; the Manager was in-
structed to take the necessary" steps
for securing the incorporation of the
League; and the Secretary and Mana-
ger were appointed a committee to
prepare the necessary literature for
use in soliciting membership.
SOME QUESTIONS ANSWERED.
While the Constitution quite clear-
ly outlines the aims and objects of the
League, a few questions will naturally
spring to the lips of one who contem-
plates joining its ranks, hence it may
be well to answer in advance as many
as possible of them.

Naturally, the first question asked
will be: "Why form a new organiza-
tion, when the constitution of the Na-
tional allows the use of its funds for
such work?" Principally, because
the National has not enough money at
its command to do the work effective-
ly, and it could not raise enough with-
out a change in its constitution, as, at
present, only one extra assessment of
$1.00 per member can be made each
year, while the work of advertising, to
be effective, requires thousands of
dollars at once.

Perhaps some will ask why the mat-
ter was not discussed in advance in
the bee-papers, and a public meeting
called? Why was the matter kept
quiet, and the work done with appa-
rent secrecy? It was done so quickly,
simply to save time. When the true
situation had fairly dawned upon the
three or four who were first discussing
the matter, it became equally apparent
that only by the most prompt and
active work could anything be done
that would help the sale of the last
year's honey crop before the coming
of this year's crop.

Some may wonder why the mem-
bers of the Executive Board were all
chosen so near Chicago. They were
thus chosen that they might quickly
and cheaply attend Board-meetings.
Should an important question requir-
ing immediate action come up, tele-
grams sent every member in the after-
noon would enable them to be in
Chicago the next morning. If any
mistake has been made in the choice
of officers, it can be corrected at the
next election. As it is, however, it is
doubtful if a set of officers can be
chosen who would have more com-
pletely at heart the success of the un-

94

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Ma3

dertaking. Besides this, they are all
friendly to one another, and will work
harmoniously as a unit.

It may be asked why no salaries are
paid the officers. If these men are
willing to give so freely of their
money, they should be equally willing
to give their time; besides if they
were paid salaries, many might be in-
clined to look .upon the whole thing as
a scheme on the part of the officers to
put money into their own pockets. As
it is, these men are really putting in
their time, money and energies, ex-
pecting no reward except such as will
come to them from the improved con-
ditions of bee culture. Only as honey-
producers are benefited, will any
benefit come to manufacturers, dealers
and publishers, yet a heavier bvirden is
placed upon them than upon the
actual honey-producer. The con-
tributions of the Board-members
alone will reach nearly ^i.ooo.

Every one, will, of course, be inter-
ested in knowing what forms of ad-
vertising will be adopted. Mainly that
*of advertising in the daily papers and
magazines. (No advertising will be
done in the bee journals, as that
would be simply a waste of money).
Probably the first feature will be that
of killing, or removing, the false be-
liefs regarding the manufacture of
artificial comb honey. Large space,
perhaps one-fourth, or one-eighth
page, will be used in leading dailies,
a large heading reading something as
follows :

$10,000 FORFEITED!

Then will follow an explanation and
refutation of the matter, and the ofifer
of $10,000 as a forfeit to any one who
can show a sample of honey that
has been produced artificially. Of
course, care will be taken to word the
ofifer properly, so that no technical
advantage may be taken. The best
talent of the country will be employed
in preparing and placing the advertis-
ing. Many papers that publish these
advertisements will probably be will-
ing also to publish articles on bee-
keeping written with a view to in-
creasing the demand for honey. Pos-
sibly firms that print "oatent insides"
for other newspapers may be induced
to use such articles.

At fairs and exhibitions, it may be
advisable to have educational honey
exhibits, together with the distribu-
tion of suitable literature. Possibly

it may be well to put stereopticon lee
turers in the field; but, as has alread
been stated, newspaper advertisin
will be the main feature.
AN ENCOURAGING INCIDENI

Let me tell just one little incidem
On the train while going home froi
the meeting, I fell to talking with
young man who occupied the sej'
with me. As we became somewhf
acquainted, I told him of the object c
my trip to Chicago, going soniewh?
into detail. In reply, he said, in sul
stance:

"At our home we are fond of bii
cuit and pancakes, with honey (
maple syrup. We send down to Vc
mont, to an acquaintance, to get tl
maple syrup, as that is the only wg
we can feel certain we are getting tl
pure article. We don't buy hon(
very often, because, while I had nev
heard how the story started, as y<
explain it, I had been lead to belie''
that a good share, even of coir
honey, was manufactured stuff (mos
ly paraffine and glucose) and I didr
care to eat it. I am very glad to ha
met you and to have it proved to n
so conclusively that I can eat con
honey, and feel that it is the genui:
article."

Friends, there are millions of m
and women just exactly like r
chance acquaintance, and, in t
language of the street, it is "up
us" to convince them of the error
their belief. If we could induce o
million of them to step into t
groceries tomorrow and each buy
pound of honey, what do you suppo
would happen?

This is the work for us to do, and
is the most important work that h
been taken up in our line in many
long year. Every other industry
pushing its products upon the mar
ets by every means imaginable; a
we to sit supinely down and let ignc
ance, misrepresentation, and busines
enterprise, push our product off t
earth? See how new and unkno\
things are pushed to the front by t
force of advertising; let us not 1
behind, but use this new force
modern business — advertising —

push our delicious product into t
position it so richly deserves.

Just a parting word: Don't wait
"see how it is going to turn out."
others are putting in their time ai
money for the good of the cause —

1)05.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

95

accomplish something that will help bee-keeper. The covers, supers and
you — meet them half way, join hands brood nests are sometimes fastened
ith them, do it promptly, and sue- together so hard that it is next to

■CSS is assured.

Flint, Mich.

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Secretary.

PROPOLIS FROM START
FINISH.

TO

(Translated from Le Rucher Beige,
by Adrian Getaz.)

[F AT THE end of summer we take
a small branch from a tree we
see at the base of each leaf a bud.
This bud must remain undeveloped
)ut alive during the whole winter. To
hat effect it is enclosed in a set of
iry scales and these are covered with
I coat of varnish. When the spring
omes, the warmth of the sun softens
he varnish and the ascending sap
orces the scales apart and lets the
lew leaves and branches come out
reely. That varnish is what we bee-
keepers call propolis or bee-glue. It
■^ far more abundant on some kinds
if trees than others, and the quantity
gathered by the bees is therefore
mich greater in some localities than
n others. In some places its excess

impossible to pull them apart. The
frames are fastened to the rabbets that
support them and if they happen to
he too close to each other, they are
invariably glued together.

Some kinds of propolis cause red-
ness and a kind of eruption on those
who have delicate hands. Washing
the hands with a light solution of am-
monia will do away with the trouble.

Notwithstanding the precaution that
the bees will take to fill all the cracks
with propolis, the moth worm
get in as in warm weather the pro-
polis is soft enough to allow the
worms to burrow through it. The
moth frequently deposits her eggs on
or near such cracks. When fresh
propolis is yellow, but in getting old
it turns brown. When warmed, pro-
polis becomes quite soft and can be
kneaded and drawn in threads. It has
an aromatic odor. When burnt, this
odor becomes decidedly resinous. By
distillation a strongly perfumed es-
sential oil can be obtained. Propolis
does not dissolve in water, but
dissolves perfectly in alcohol,
ammonia and spirits of turpen-
These solutions when filter-

"Hstitutes a regular nuisance

In gathering propolis the bees first tine

)u!l it ofT in shreds with their man- ed constitute an excellent varnish.

libles, pass it to the front legs and I" Ri-^ssia, where wooden utensils are

hese to the others and finally to the m"ch used in the household, the fol-

'<)llen baskets and it is thus carried lowing kind of varnish is prepared:

o the hive. The bees do not store 1'wo parts of propolis, one of wax

iropolis like the honey or pollen ^"d four of linseed oil. The oil is

rhey use it at once. Those that lieated but not enough to boil. The

-ome in loaded with propolis cannot ^ax and propolis are put m and the

ake it from the pollen baskets with- whole stirred until thoroughly mixed.

xit the aid of other bees. These pull ^^^^ wooden utensils are then plunged

t of¥ in threads and carry it where '" '^ during ten or fifteen minutes,

A-anted. The bees use propolis chiefly tben withdrawn and polished by rub-

u fill up the cracks, holes or other ^mg with a woolen rag. The feeders

'laces too small for them to go "''^'^^ °^ w*='°d ^°"^d ^^ treated the

hrough. All the interior of the hive ^^^^ ^'^^^ '^'^^ mixture, when hot,

s varnished with a coat of propolis; ""ght be applied with a brush.

\alls, frames and even sections if left Propolis can be used as a cement

ong enough. Sometimes they use it to stop crack? of water pipes, and

r> make the entrance to the hive any utensil not submitted to too

mailer. It is said that it is to pre-
ent the entrance of the large night
uitterfly called "sphynx tete de mort."
'^Tis may be, as in some sections of
his country (Belgium) where that

much heat. Broken china or glass
can be mended w'th it.

An excellent ointment for all sorts
of wounds and bruises can be made
with a mixture of propolis, wax and

■utterfly does not exist, the partial tallow, heated together. It is used

losing up of the entrance does not yet extensively in some countries.

'^cuv. 'Pl^e smoke of propolis is excellent

If the presence of propolis is an ad- to subdue bees, and will do it even

antage to the bees, it is not so to the upon those with which the usual fuels

96

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

fail. The best way to use it is to put
it in some cotton rags, roll these rags
and put them in the smoker so that
the propolis be scattered through
them.

THE SHALLOW^ vs. DEEP FRAME
CONTROVERSY.

Reply to Mr . W. W. McNeal
By T. K. Massie.

IN THE Bee-Keeper for September,
page 179, Mr. McNeal, replying
to Arthur C. Miller, says: "But it
seems he (Mr. Miller) has rather
substantiated the correctness of
my claim — that hives shallower
than the Langstroth do not pro-
perly meet all the requirements
of a colony of bees during the
cold of winter and early spring.
(We say this is correct. We
also claim that the Langstroth is too
shallow to "properly" meet all the re-
quirements of the bees during winter
and early spring or any other part of
the year.) Those conditions that
favor best the welfare of the bees do
not serve the interest of the bee-
keepers so well. Either one or the
other must be the loser and usually it
is the bees."

The above is true, every bit of it,
but if we can have a shallow frame
hive which meets all the requirements
of the bees far better than the regular
Langstroth, giving us a deeper frame
for wintering, one, while not made
for "man's special benefit" alone,
which looks to the welfare of the
bees first and yet retains all the ad-
vantages to man that the Langstroth
does and more too, then where does
Mr. McN's objections to the shallow
frame hive come in? It is evident
that it is not the principle of the shal-
low frame he objects to, for he says
that "shallow hives were a great fad"
with him at one time. Then it must
be wrong principles of construction
that he is combating.

Again he says: "Man's own con-
venience has gradually encroached
upon that of the bees till in the con-
struction of the modern shallow hive,
Mr. Miller tells us it was designed for
man's especial benefit." (True again)
* * But hive manipulation, however
systematic it may be with shallow
hives, cannot make these hives
as warm as hives of natural built
combs." In this Mr. McN. is very

much mistaken. It also proves that
he has never had experience with
shallow hives, properly constructed
We think the expression of "natural
built combs" must have been a slip,
for certainly a shallow hive would
contain no combs that were not
"natural built."

"The divisible brood-chamber musi
have outside protection to make it as
warm as a large single-story hive oi
the same capacity would be withou!
outside packing." Not at all, Mr
McN. You are again mistaken. The
ideal hive has frames only 7 1-4 inches
deep and yet it is warmer than anj
"single-story" hive can be.

"When a colony of bees has weath
ered the bitter cold of winter and it;
vitality is far spent, rhe arrangement-
of the combs for warmth and protec
tion is of the greatest importance
when breeding is begun in earb
spring. We all know that brood can
not be reared profitably where chil
ling drafts of air circulate." (Right.
"The brood chamber that is made ui
of two cases of shallow frarrtes can
not save the energy of the bees as i
should, owing to the great amount 0
cold air passing around the comb
and through the very heart of th
brood-nest." Wrong, altogethc
wrong, which goes to further prov
what we have stated above, that M:
McN. never had experience with
properly constructed divisible shallo\
frame hive. "If I mistake not M:
Miller makes good capital of the the
ory of the deep or tall section bo3
whichever you choose to call it. I:
fact nearly all the advocates of sha '
low hives whose writings have com
to my notice hold to the belief tha
bees will complete a deep sectio:
quicker than one of a square shape
Funny, isn't it? that a principle 0
hive construction said to be so utter
ly at variance with the instincts 0
bees when employed in brood-chair
ber, it should be so mutually bench
cial in super arrangement. With al
due respect for the opinions of thoS'
who differ with me, I will add tha
sectional brood-chambers and system
IS founded on the strength of artificia
resources and unless it has the back
ing of the sugar barrel it is necessaril;
shorn of its chief allurement and ceas
es to be practical." Yes, we advocat
the use of tall sections, and, for th
same reasons we advocate deep frame

J

IQOS-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

97

: (in shallow form.) Yes, its funny to slou included: President of the Wor-

.see the "standard" advocates contra- cester County Association, F. H.

dieting themselves, continually, in Drake, of East Brookfield, J.L.Day, of

their wild efforts to uphold a preju- Berlin; O. B. Hadwen, S. A. Burges,

diced theory. But properly con- Horace P. Jacobs, of Auburn and

struced hives of shallow frames, are others.

not formed on "artificial sources," Dinner was served in Horticultural

nor dependent upon the backmg of Hall at 1 o'clock. For an hour this en-
the 'sugar barrel.

Taphet, W. Va., Sept., i6, 1904.

DISEASES OF BEES.

(A small armful of copies of the paper con-
taining the following, relating to the Wor-
cester meeting, was sent to this office by ^s presiding officer. After remarks of

tertainment was furnished by caterer
C. S. Yeaw, after which there was a
social half hour, the meeting being
called to order at 2:30 o'clock and con-
tinued until 4:30.

President Drake called the meeting
to order and Introduced A. A. Hlxon

various members, and the matter was put in
type for the April edition, but was necessarily
crowded out of that issue. Since that time

welcome by Secretary Hixon of the
Worcester horticultural society, O. B.
Hadwen, a veteran horticulturist, was

Mr. Miller has taken a place on our editorial introduced. He told of the bee being

staff, and the discourse will therefore be the the finst live stock he kept On his

more interesting to our readers.— Harry E. farm, and of the profit and pleasure

Hill.) it furnished beside being of inexhaust-
ible study in nature.

Members and guests of the Wor- Burton W. Potter, president of the

cester county bee association dined, agricultural society, said he first kept

met *50cially and listened to an ad-
dress on disea-ses of the bee, by Arthui

a hive of bees for pleasure, and to get
honey for home consumption, but now

C, Miller, of Providence, followed by he has started an apiary at his farm,

open discussion, in Horticultural hall, having five hives. He thought the bee

yesterday afternoon. It brought to- an indispensable factor to plant life

gether as many people interested in and fruit trees.

the busy bee as has ever been congre- F. H. Farmer, president of the Mas-
gated in Worcester county, making sachusetts apicultural -society, and H.
the most interesting gathering of peo- H. Jepson also spoke of the work of
pie conversant with the culture of the bee and the bee-keepers,
honey bees that central Massachus- Following these introductory re-
etts ever saw, the enthusiasts say. marks the speaker of the afternoon.
It developed that the disease of the Arthur C. Miller, of Providence, was
bee so far as the temperate zone is introduced, and spoke at some length
concerned is not a serious problem, on "Disease of Bees." Mr. Miller said
Points were given out that the safest in part:

way to harbor bees so as to prevent "At the start I wish you to under-
winter killing is to provide dry quar- stand that the ailments of bees are
ters, with colonies in proportion to the not of such a nature as to endanger
amount of food supply. humanity through eating the honey or

Arthur C. Miller, the speaker, is con- handling the bees,
sidered authority on houey bees in the "Eminent authorities suspect that
rnited States, and for L-^i-s reason his much that is ^Titten of the diseases of
audience was larger than usual, and bees is fanciful, and most of the ali-
bis subject was one which the average ments originate from want of clean-
bee-keeper is vitally interested in. Fol- liness or want of food. Bee-keepers
lowing his talk he withstood a rapid are wont, to consider their knowledge
fire of questions which were asked by of the bee as modern whereas knowl-
the Worcester county bee-keepers, in pdge and practices differ but little
bopes to solve some perplexing ques- from those of two centuries ago. Val-
:ions which jeopardize the industry in nable ideas of early bee-keepers have

his part of Massachusetts. Those as well been lost sight of.

aking part in the after speech discus- "Bee ailments as known today may

98 THE AMERICAN

be divided into two classes, those due
to germs aud those due to nutriment
but the degree of malignancy of the
former is often dei)endent on the bee's
food.

"Foul brood i-s the only germ disease
positively known as such. It attacks
bee brood and causes foul decompo-
sition. Black brood is by some sup-
posed to be foul brood, modified by
some unknown cause. Pickled brood
is another disea-se of unknown origin.
Paralysis attacks tJhe adult bee, and
symptoms point to its being caused by
bacteria. Aside from foul brood, the
diseases mentioned are not common.

Dysentery, which decimates col-
onies in the Spring, is ascribed
to no one knows how many
causes. Tumefaction of the antennae is
of rare occurrence, and has been notic-
ed mostly in queens. The ends of the
antennae become enlarged and turn
yellow. This extends to the front of
the head and the bee soon dies. Verti-
go, whose symptoms are a dizzy man-
ner of flying and irregular motions,
followed by lassitude and death, is an-
other disease. It is ascribed to nectar
from such plants as laurel, azaleas and
I'hododendrons.

"At varying times and places, what
seem to be different diseases, become
epidemic, and whole districts become
depopulated of bees. Careful analyses
of the conditions preceding and dur-
ing bee e])idemics, point to food as be-
ing at tlie bottom of the ti-ouble.
Hereditary impaired constitutions are
also a potent factor in inviting dis-
ease.

"Until recent times it was the cus-
tom to destroy the heaviest colonies
for their honey. This destruction of
the strongest left the lass vigorous
to perpetuate the species. Evil results
finally became so obvious as to arrest
the attention of bee-keepers, and
methods were devised to obtain part of
the honey without destruction of the
bee. also of taking the les-s populous
colonies and saving the heavy ones
for stock. Next came an era of ex-
cessive and unwise manipulation, re-
sulting in great loss of bees.

"I know of no practice that has
been more productive of harm
than that of spreading the brood,
to increase the strength of colonies.

BEE-KEEPER.

May,

Brood killed in this way furnishes a
hot-bed for breeding disease germs.
The advent of the Italian bee was
hailed as a panacea for all ills in bee-
dom. It did infuse new life into the
bee.

"Now again bee disease appears in
all directions, and in all degrees ol
maligna-ncy. Have any of you noticec
that the spread of disease is coincldeni
with the so-called cup system of queei
rearing? Proper rearing and develop
ment of queens is essential toi wel
bees.

"Faults along these lines we cai
overcome, but curing illness well seat
ed is not so easy. Treatment of any o
the diseases by drugs is diflftcult an(
uncertain. Success has been obtainei
in eradicating foul brood, by the us'
of izal. Bee paralysis has been eoir
crolled to some extent, by the use o
flour sulphur. The first thing for us
to do with any disease is to remove a
unclean matter, give the bees clear
dry quarters, sound stores and
healthy queen.

"The McEvoy treatment of foi
brood is - take the bees from every
thing they had. and keep them froi
combs or brood until their stomaci
are pre-sumably free from any gern
then give them a chance tO' establis
a new home.

"Dysentery appears to be a gen
disease, which is always presen
awaiting favorable conditions to d
velop. In handling bees, we mu;
avoid extremes of heat and coh
and do not change the proportions (i
nurses to brood that the latter are llil
ble to suffer from want of food. Witj
bees as with hiimanity, an ounce <
prevention is worth several pounds (|
cure."

Following the talk by Mr. Miller, 11
was interrogated upon various phas«|
of bee life, success and failures of beif
keepers.

Several of those present were eij
rolled as members of the society at tt|
close of the meeting. It was announ
ed that the next meeting of the soci
ty would be in the library room of tl
Horticultural society, March 18.
was also given out that plans weiJ
being made for at least twoi sumnn
field days, when the bee in life cou||
be studied.

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

99

Those present were: Arthur C. Mil-
ler, I'roA-idence; F. H. P^armer, Bos-
ton, president of the Massachusetts
apicnltural society; H. H. Jeppson,
treasurer of the same siociety, Bo-ston;
0. B. Hadwen, president of the Wor-
cester County horticultural society;
Burton W. Potter, president of the
Worce.ster agricultural society; C. S.
(Jiaham. Holden; J. L. Day, Herlin,
M. \y. Goodale, Oakdale; F. H. Drake,
East Brookfield; H. L. Walton, Wor-
cester; L. E. Griswold, Charlton; H.
L. Nichols, Grafton; O. S. Morey,
Shrewsbury; H. C. Shepard, Stur-
bridge; Horace P. Jacob-s, Auburn; H.
A. Holms. West Boylston; F. P. God-
dard, Grafton; Henry Reed, W. C.
Barnard, Mr. and :Mrs. A. A. Hixon.
Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Russell, Mr. and
Mrs. J. D. Richardson, Mr. and Mrs.
W. A. Green. INIr. and Mrs. F. A. Skin-
ner. C. H. Goodell, S. A. Burgess. Mrs.
.T. W. Bennett. .James O'Connell. S. B.
Par-sons, Burton W. Gates, Mr. and
MrvS. John A. Hough. Miss Ida M.
Parrott, ]Miss Laura Joudrey, Charles
S. Bacon. .John S. Baldwin and Mr.
and ]Mrs. Theodore Parker of Wor-
cester.— Worcester (Ma-ss.) Daily Tel-
egram. February 2.5. 1905.

DON'T DO IT AT ALL.

Upperco, jNId., Mar. ii, 1905.
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

I desire to ask you a question re-
garding the putting on of supers and
extracting frames.

I want to use one pound boxes in
supers, for comb honey and extract-
ing frames all on one hive, that is use
both on one hive. Which would you
put on first, boxes or extracting
frames?

The principal part about it is to ar-
range it, so as to get full boxes and
et have room in extracting frames
o there will be no lost time.

I have been studying that new hive

tand that you have pictured in this

pnth's paper. I would think that

ire cloth was too flimsy to use on

hive stand that was supposed to

ast several years. When that bottom

oard is lowered to enlarge the en-

rance, if the bees don't fill that place

ith propolis between the bottom

oard and shoulder I will be very

uch deceived. Besides these points I

think it is a very good invention. I
have a hive stand which is similar to
the one mentioned which answers
just as many purposes.

D. H. Zencker.

The use of both sections and ex-
tracting combs upon a hive at the
same time is a practice which has
been advocated by those who are, or
are supposed to be practical; and per-
haps they are, but from our own ex-
perience we feel strongly inclined to
advise: Don't do it. We do not be-
lieve the practice capable of produc-
ing the best results. For the produc-
tion of choice comb honey, concen-
tration of warmth, working force,
energy and receptacles are im£ortant.
The addition of an extra extracting
story completely defeats this desir-
able object and scatters instead of
concentrates. Extracting combs may
be placed upon the hives as soon as
the honey flow begins; then, as soon
as work in them has well begun, re-
move them and place in their stead a
super of sections. This practice often
prevents an early attack of swarming
fever, and throws a heavy force into
the sections at a time when the work
may be completed quickly, thus giv-
ing the most beautiful white cappings.
There need be no lost time in the
supers, if another is added before the
first is completed and the operation
repeated so long as the flow will war-
rant the addition of extra supers. —
Editor.

The Review is exploiting a revised
form of earlier practice in making
forced swarms which is expected to
do away with some of the evils of
present ways. If at the same time it
eliminates that vulgarity, the phrase
"shook swarming," it will be a wel-
come change. There was never any
good reason for its creation unless it
was a desire to be outre. It was not
ever descriptively accurate for the
swarms were often forced by other
methods than shaking. It should go
the way of other uncouthness.

Stand off and get a good perspec-
tive of your work. It may not be as
big as you thought.

If your heart is in your work the
labor becomes play.

4M»M»»»MM»»MMMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.°

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MM»MtMMM»MMMMMMMMMl

BELGIUM.

(Gleaned from Le Rucher Beige)

Mr. Leger gives the following rules
to prevent the queen from going in
the supers:

1st — A brood nest of sufficient size.

2nd — Put the supers on only when
there is some sealed honey at the top
of the brood nest combs.

3rd — Avoid putting drone comb in
the supers.

4th — Never put any brood or brood
frame in the supers to start the work
there. If the flow is good the bees
will come just as well without it.

CLARIFYING EXTRACTED
HONEY.
Mr. Kramer advises to heat the
honey as soon as extracted, to a tem-
perature of 104 degrees F. It is much
more liquid, and the impurities
separate more easily. It is then left
two days in a very warm room. The
impurities during that time have all
come to the top and can be skimmeB
oflf.

GETTING READY TO MOVE IN.
Mr. Fritz had lost a colony duritig
the winter. He left the hive with the
empty combs in place. One day at
about dinner time, he noticed a num-
ber of bees at work cleaning out the
combs and hive actively. These pro-
ceedings lasted until about 2 o'clock
and then stopped entirely; in fact the
work was finished. About a half-hour
later a swarm was coming from some-
where and took possession of the
hive.

MAKING HONEY VINEGAR.
Mr. Louis Pirson gives the follow-
ing method to prepare the very best
vinegar from honey: Thirty pounds
of honey are mixed with 25 gallons of

water in a barrel rather a little largei
than absolutely necessary and perfect
ly clean — never having contained vine
gar. The object is to have the alcp
holic fermentation first and the acetifi
cation later. If both are allowed &■
the same time they partially counter
act and spoil each other. Four pound
of honey is boiled in a gallon o
water. When cold, four pounds o
raisins or dried grapes are added t
start the fermentation. When it i
well started, the mixture is poured i
the barrel, and the barrel left in _
place sufficiently warm to keep th
fermentation going briskly, thre
weeks should be all that is neededt
get the alco^holic fermentatio
through.

The acetification is then produce"
by leaving the barrel open, for plent
of air is needed, and adding a sma
piece of "mother of vinegar." Th
barrel should yet be kept in a wart
place, so the acetification can tak
place rapidly. At a low temperatur
the aromatic ethers which give th
vinegar an unusually good taste fail t
be produced. Furthermore the acet
fication is too slow and the vinega
might spoil during that time. Whe
the vinegar is made the, barrel is stof
ped and kept in a place as cool a
possible. If it is clear nothing mor
is needed. If not clear, a quart of ;
should be taken out, a half-ounce c
fish glue dissolved in it and the whol
returned to the barrel stirrin
thoroughly. This will do the clar
fying. A vinegar thus made is sai
to be vastly superior in strength an
aroma and taste, to anything herf
tofore produced. If no "mother' 1
available, a piece of bread may b
put in some good cider vinegar unt
white threads appear on it, and use
instead. As a last resort, beech woo
shavings can be employed.

igos.

IT MUST BE A LITTLE ONE.

Those who use a solar extractor
know that it should be placed so
;he sun strikes directly on it. That
neans moving it around occasionally-
luring the day. To accom£lish this
-asily, Mr. Couterel keeps his extrac-
or on a wheel barrow.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

lOI

from the flowers the mixture will re-
main clear. If it is honey dew it will
be cloudy and finally leave a precipi-
tate.

SO HE SAYS.

HONEY AS AN OINTMENT.
A two-year-old child scalded his
arm completely in overturning a ket-
tle of boiling water. The arm was
covered with honey and a cloth wrap-
ped around it. The pain subsided im-

A correspondent says that the r-- -. v.....^ ,.. x iic i^diu auusmeu im-
ctar of flowers is colorless and that mediately and the arm got well in a

he color of the honey is due to pollen
hat gets in it. The honey or nectar
issolves the coloring matter con-
ained in the p ;)llen.

few days without trouble, the cloth
was removed occasionally without
causing pain by first wetting it well.
Another cloth with honey was then
substituted.

WORSE THAN A FLEA.
Mr. Lacoppe Arnold says that while
good apiarist could work very well
'ithout a veil, it is not prudent to do
D. He relates a case, where a bee got
ccidently in the ear of the apiarist
nd caused quite a trouble.

JUST FILLS THE GAP.
Among the ornamental trees pro-
ucing a quantity of honey is the
ophora japonica. It grows rapidly,
irnishes an excellent timber, and an
nmense quantity of white flowers
reducing almost as much nectar as
le linden. The blossoming period is
.iring August and September in
elgium, precisely during a period
hen the other sources of nectar are
■arce.

In uniting two colonies Mr. Sharp
advises to shake the bees of both
colonies in front of a new hive. There
will be no fight.

Mr. Bertin lives in a locality where
the bees are very much inclined to
swarm. He finally found best to al-
low the first swarms to issue. He puts
two or more together, so as to have
some surplus from them. The second
swarms are either prevented or re-
turned to the parent hive. — L'ApicuI-
teur.

EVIDENTLY FROM OHIO.
Mr. Leger says that one year, a col-
ly having an imported Italian queen
ive a good crop of honey from red
over while no other flower wasyield-
g and the other colonies gathered
)thing. The amount is not stated in
mnds. He says that in two weeks
ey built (in the super) ten combs
led and sealed them. The frames
aen given had only small founda-
)n starters, their size was 13 by 6 1-2
ches.

A TEST FOR HONEY DEW.

^Ir. Reidenbach gives the following
in to test whether honey is from the
wers or whether it is honey dew.
IX some of the honey with lime
ter, stir well and let it rest. If it is

TESTING NEW STRAINS OF
RACES.

Quite amusing is the advice given
by some writers regarding the intro-
duction and trial of new strains or
races of bees. If it is one in which
they are interested it is at once the
part of wisdom for every bee-keeper
to try it, but if perchance the writer
IS opposed to it on account of com-
mercial or other interests or from
prejudice what do we hear? "It is
dangerous to put such bees into your
apiary. They will contaminate all
your stock. You can never elinfmate
the bad blood, etc."

Oh, consistency thou art indeed a
rare jewel.

Practically it is quite safe to ex-
periment with any race yoju choose.
If it becomes crossed with the other
stock the mismated queens can be de-
stroyed, and if perchance some of the
crosses are not disposed of, the blood
is soon "swamped" in the dominant
race.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

THE

American Bee=Keeper

Pi -HLISHED MON THL ) '.

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO.

Pro/>riftors.

PUBLISHING OFFICE, - - - Fort Pierce Fla.
HOME OFFICE, Falconer, N. Y.

HARRY E. HILL,
ARTHUR C. MILLER,

- - - - Editor
Associate Editor

Terms.

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Advertisements must be received on or be-
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Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Falconer, N. Y.

partment has, to my mind, been the
most unsatisfactory feature of the
paper. I feel now, however, that The
Bee-Keeper will be able to present
editorial representation second to'
none in America, in point of indepen-
dence, progressiveness, fairness and
force.

It is questionable if the world to-
day holds a more thorough and alert
student of practical and scientific api-
culture, or one who has the ability to
more clearly express his ideas in writ-
ing than Arthur C. Miller. I there-
fore anticipate a degree of popularity
for the paper very much in excess of
that which it has enjoyed in the past;
and while congratulating my readers
upon this acqusition and sincerely as-
suring them of my gratitude for their
productive efforts in behalf of The
Bee-Keeper, I bespeak for my esteem-
ed associate a reception as genial as 1
have myself enjoyed, and a degree oi
support worthy of his talents.
Fraternally Yours,

Harry E. Hill.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that yoi
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates t'- -
you owe for your subscription. Please give the
matter yo'ir early attention.

BMtorial.

ADVANCE OF THE AMERICAN
BEE-KEEPER.

In the history of the American
Bee-Keeper this issue iparks the ad-
vent of a new era. A new name will
be noted at the head of this depart-
ment— not new to our readers, but
new in this capacity. Hereafter Ar-
thur C. Miller will be associated with
myself in handling the editorial de-
partment of The Bee-Keeper, and I
feel sure that the occasion is one upon
which the publishers, the readers and
myself may all be congratulated.

For more than seven years I have
striven earnestly to serve the interests
of bee-keepers, and the work has been
a source of constant pleasure during
that period, though the editorial de-

GREETING.
In greeting the readers of the Bee
Keeper from the editorial chair, I d(
so with considerable diffidence, and i
was only on the urgent request of Mr
Hill that I consented to share witl
him the duties and pleasures of th(
work. I shall join with him in the en
deavor to produce a journal for bee
keepers, second to no other. Thf
paper has been fearless and indepen
dent in the past and will be equalb
so in the future. No effort will b
spared to give full, free and fair state
ments of all sides of all questions per
taining to the bee industry. Even
implement, practice and belief pre
sentcd will be treated on its merit
and nothing that can possibly be o
interest or value to bee-keepers big 0
little, will be intentionally omitted
Neither of the editors have any en
tangling alliances, no implements_ t(
sell, no practices to exploit, nothinj
to hamper or hinder them in their ef
forts. When our contemporarie
present something better than we d(
we may ask to "borrow" it and w<
will cheerfully lend them, on prope
credit, any of our good material.
Fraternally,

Arthur C. Miller.

i

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

103

Prompt action in business matters by the aid of the innumerable books

is a virtue, but some recent business and periodicals on bees, now acces-

inaneuvers raise the question whether sible, one may soon become well in-

t is not possible to be too virtuous. formed.

I'.xtra hives, proportionate in num-
ler to the size of the apiary, should
ihvays be on hand during the season
or the reception of swarms that may

ssue.

The- next meeting of the St. Croix
"alley Honey Producers' Association,
"ilenwood. Wis., will be held at the
onie of Leo. F. Hanegan, in Glen-

ood. May 21. Manager Hanegan
ordiallj' invites all bee-keepers to be
is guests on that day.

The Irish Bee Journal, one of the
veliest and best apiarian journals in
II Europe, starts this month upon its
fth volume. The popularity and
iccess of our Irish contemporary are
reat, but not more so than it de-
■rves.

Our reaiders will please notice that
ey are no longer dependent on thir-
-three years of experience, as we
nv have among our valued contribu-
rs one who has spent sixty profita-
e years with the little winged puz-
es and whose writings are based on
- own work and observations.

That sugar syrup serves well as a
inter food for bees, and that it is
I right as a stimulative food, is con-
ded; but that the practice of using
for either purpose results in injury
the industry must be admitted. It
in this case, not the evil, but the
ppearance of evil" that effects the
iury.

Fred W. Muth the big honey dealer
Cincinnati, wrote April 4: "I have
-t looked over my bees, and also
jse of a friend, and find that they
:■ fully a month in advance of their
'iidition last year at this date. The
<)ver is not looking very encourag-
i," now, but it is too early yet to
jlge as to the coming season."

t is unreasonable to think that any
' ■ without experience or knowledge
' bees may engage in the pursuit of

culture and immediately derive
I refrom any considerable degree of
fier pleasure or profit. However,

Bees have wintered fairly well
throughout New England, but from
some places come repc/.ts of no old
pollen in the combs, and consec^uent-
ly very little brood. If this condi-
tion is general a crop from fruit
Ijloom need not be expected. Too
little pollen is worse than too much,
for in the latter case it can be re-
moved.

Would you address five or six pos-
tal cards to friends who keep bees in
payment for six months or a year's
subscription to The Bee-Keeper? If
so, you will thereby have an oppor-
tunity to materially assist our ef-
forts to increase our circulation and
improve the paper. Write our Fal-
coner, N. Y., oilice for details of the
plan.

"Westward the course of Empire
takes its way," but in taking its "way"
it left behind several very comfortable
things. Among these are a lot of en-
thusiastic bee-keepers in New Eng-
land. The states comprising that sec-
tion of the country contain many a
snug little apiary and many thousands
of pounds of honey are produced and
sold almost within sound of the hum
of the busy laborers.

The impulsive formation of the
Honey Producer's League, it is stated,
was apparently necessary in order to
help move last year's crop of honey
from the markets in time to give the
new crop a chance. 'Before adjourn-
ing," however, "it was resolved to do
no general advertising until there is,
at least $5,ooo in the hands of the
treasurer." Where's the fellow that
said the bee-keepers were a slovs' lot?

Massachusetts can proudly boast of
two thrifty, hustling, bee-keepers'
societies, the Worcester County Bee-
keepers' Association and the Massa-
chusetts State Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion. The membership comprises
men and women from all walks of life
and great interest and enthusiasm is
displayed at all their meetings. They
enter into a breadth and depth of dis-
cussion that is most inspiring. Now

I

104

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

May,

that the Old Bay State is bestirring
herself the rest of the Sta.tes will
needs look to their laurels if they
would keep them.

SCIENCE IN APICULTURE.

Practical bee-keepers sometimes
look askance at what they term sci-
entitic articles. It may not be amiss
to say that science is naught but
"knowledge, co-ordinated, arranged
and systematized." What really dis-
turbs them are the long, dry state-
ments of details often necessary to
make the record of the matter under
consideration so complete that other
persons may intelligently take up the
work therefrom.

Careless and loose statements of
ways, means and methods are among
the most potent hindrances to prog-
ress in all pursuits and none more
than in bee-keeping. An example will
help to make this clear: A bee-keep-
er writes, "I took a strong colony,
etc." His idea of a strong colony is
one thing, the reader's may be an-
other. One man calls eight '"L"
frames well stocked with brood and
bees "strong," the next man does not
not consider less than twenty such
frames, strong. The latter man ac-
complishes results with his stock
impossible with the eight frame size.
The reader tries it with another idea
as "strong" and fails. Had accurate
details been given (i. e. a scientific
article) all would have ben clear.

It is our aim to have the matter
appearing in the Bee-Keeper full,
complete and accurate and at the
same time as far as possible avoid the
dry details to which many object.

No system of wintering bees can
be made to yield cer^iji and pre-de-
termined results unless temperature,
air and moisture are under absolute
control. Persons who make, or con-
template making be'e-keeping their
sole means of support, or even depend
on it to a large extent, will do well
to arrange to construct a repository
for their bees in which these factors
can be controlled. It is not necessary
that such repository be under^ground
but such, as a rule, are safer and
cheaper in the end. It is none too
soon now to consider the location and
details essential to their proper con-
struction if you contemplate having
one for next winter.

THE HONEY PRODUCERS'
LEAGUE.

Considerable space this month is
devoted to matter pertaining to the
new organization recently formed at
Chicago. It is given in full in order
that our readers may study the details
of its various phases and decide for
themselves as to its merits.

That some efficient method of edu-
cation that would tend to popularize
honey, was sorely needed is a fact
most keenly realized by those who
produce honey for the market; but
whether the course pursued by the lit-
tle meeting at Chicago last month
meets the requirements of the case, is
yet an open question.

The great haste with which thf
ideas of the several gentlemen wert.
put into effect may be responsible foi
constitutional features that, to saj
the least, are not calculated to inspire
great public confidence in the League
This is to be regretted, as, under th(
present constitution, the inembershii
is without power to amend any defec
which may become evident in th(
constitution, unless, perchance, tht
needed amendment should happen t(
meet with the approval of the Boar(
of Directors already in power.

The American Bee-Keeper note
with regret that so imoortant a ste-
in America's apicultura"T"affairs shoul
necessarily have to be announced V
the public to which it looks for sup
port, with an apology for its initia
move.

THE STANDARD OF EXCEL
LENCE IN HONEY.

In this number of The Bee-Keepe
appears a very interesting article b;
Mr. Hall, in regard to the excellenc
of Canadian honey.

In view of the fact that this mag
nificent showing is reported from th
"land of his nativity," and the fact
are chronicled by the hand of hi
respected preceptor, upon his nativ
heath, there cannot be anythin
humiliating therein to the writer. H
is hardly liable to be prejudice
against Ontario, one of the richest an
most beautiful sections of the world.

However, all that has been writtC;
upon this matter of climatic eflftc
upon the quality of honey, raises th
question: Who is competent to de
termine the qualities essential to plac
any specific sample of honey in th

IQOS.

highest class? What constitutes per-
fection in any particular sample of
lioney?

The simple question. "What is
honey?" has apparently baffled the
wise heads of our day. Whether
nuagre knowledge, or a deficiency
in our language is responsible for the
inal)ility to answer, we shall not ven-
ture; but the foregoing questions are
liable to prove even more difficult of
solution than the latter. Everybody
ought to know that Ontario produces
the finest quality of butter on earth.
The writer was raised to this tune,
md, of course, accepted it. In fact,
t was regarded be3^ond question that
Ontario's dairy products were un-
.'qualled anywhere. Portions of New
England, Western New York, South-
Mn California, and several hundred
5ther sections of our great American
:ontinent likewise persist in instil-
ing into the minds of the rising gen-
ration the fact that their own blessed
ocality stands alone, the envy of all
he earth, in the production of dairy
troducts of the very highest order.

If one happens to sojourn during

pringtime within the borders of On-

ario, Vermont or Ohio, he may soon

)e convinced of the great superiority

)f the maple sugar produced in the

espective localities, and of the vast

uperiority of each respective locality

)ver each of the others. Of course,

he writer knows that Ontario's is in

act the best for he has toted sap for

veeks, made and tasted it. Its deli-

ious odor, even now, penetrates the

cores of intervening years and spans

I he distance of more than i,6oo miles.

t There cannot be anything equal to its

t leautiful golden color ana delicate

i naple flavor. We are not prejudiced,

: f course. We simply know that it

1,5 conceded that Ontario produces the

; est. That is, when we are in Ontario.

('n Ohio, or in Vermont it is some-

i .hat different. But they are envious.

Jamaica oranges lead the world.

Ve know this, not from experience,

ut through constantly reading Jama-

'.an papers which are UDon our ex-

hange list. Several years ago when

le writer was in California he did

ot know that Jamaican oranges were

le best. The fact is, everything in

?idence went to show that the only

anges worthy of the name were

alifornia oranges, and all else were

t' miserable makeshifts — pretenses

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER
at being oranges

105

Now, the epicures
of the world recognize only Florida
oranges, and the upper crust of epi-
curism will accept nothing but those
grown upon the banks of the Indian
river — the nearer the brink the fruit
is grown the quicker will they grab
it. Evidence of this condition of af-
fairs is on every hand. Why? Simp-
ly because the writer now lives on the
banks of the Indian river.

After all, is not the matter of quali-
ty in honey a matter of personal taste,
or, at least, personal education? We
have eaten basswood honey produced
in Ontario and also basswood honey
produced in Florida. It all tasted the
same — none of it very palatable.
Canadian white clover honey is a
most delicious article; but our own
experience does not lead us to regard
it as in any way the superior of the
white clover honey produced and
handled by like methods anywhere
else in the United States. We have
eaten honey produced on the south
coast of Cuba which, to our taste, was
the equal of any honey produced in
Canada or the northern states, re-
gardless of its source.

In conclusion, let us propound anew
the question, "What constitutes per-
fection in any particular sample of
honey?" Let someone who is suffi-
ciently wise formulate the standard
and submit it to the world; then we
may determine the question of cli-
matic influence upon the quality of
honey.

CONSUMPTION OF SWEETS
DECLINING.

A recent canvass of some leading
grocer elicited the statement that the
proportion of the consumption of
all sweets but candies has steadily de-
clined, the purchasing public taking
more fresh fruits, vegetables, canned
supplies and novelties of sundry sorts.
The stores at all seasons are stocked
with these things as never before, and
they are natural competitors of honey.
There is a limit to the purchasing
and consuming power of the public
and the advent and display of the
thousand and one palate-teasers are
bound to have efifect.

Candy was never so extensively
made and sold as now and persons
who eat freely of it are not likely to
eat honey at meal times with the
avidity they otherwise would.

io6 THE AMERICAN

All these factors, coupled perhaps
with a greatly increased production of
honey have much to do with the stag-
nation of the honej^ market. Adver-
tising and better distribution will
probably afford much relief. The
feeding of less sugar syrup and the
leaving of the poor grades of honey
with the bees will also help and help
largely.

BEE-KEEPER.

May,

Are you keeping bees for pleasure
or profit? There is more pleasure if
they yield a profit or even pay their
own way. But there is a lot of pleas-
sure either way.

Honey and Beeswax Market.

Buffalo, N. Y., April 13.— Though the supply
of honey is quite liberal the demand is good
considering the lateness of the season. We
quote our market today: Fancy comb, 12 to
13c. No. 2, 9 to lie. No. 3, 7 to 8c. Bees-
wax, 28 to 32c. Honey surely should be
sold now. Common has to be cut and
pushed hard to effect sales. Fancy sells very
well. Batterson & Co.

Denver, Col., April 13. — Though the de-
mand for honey is a little better than it has
been, the supply is greater than the local de-
mand. We quote our market today: No. 1,
per case (24 sections) $2.20 to $2.40. No. 2,
$1.75 to $2.00. Extracted, 6 1-2 to 7 1-2 c. Bees-
wax in demand at 25 to 38c.

Colorado Honey Producer's Association.

1440 Market street.

Kansas City, Mo., April 14. — There is a
better feeling in the comb honey market, but
the season is getting late and there are some
signs of granulation. The supply is good,
with fair demand. We quote our market to-
day: Comb, per case (24 sections), $1.50 to
$2.00. Extracted, 4 1-2 to 6 1-2 c. Beeswax,
28c. C. C. Clemmons & Co.

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

n rs="

I W ATE ft TOWN,

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIED

Watertown, Wis*

Eastern Agents: Fred W. MuthOc, Cincinnat
Ohio, 51 Walnut Street; C M. Scott et Co., Indiar'
apolis, Ind., 1004 E. Washington St., Norris .
Anspach, K nton, Ohio, Cleaver & Greene, Tro}
Penn.

I

Real Estate Wanted

To supply the wants of Cash Buyers every-
where. Their names and addresses are
given in full each month in our clean, in-
teresting family magazine. Sample copy
.25, which will be deducted from yearly
subscription price of f 1. if you choose to sub-
scribe. The first issue may find you a buyer
and save you a middleman's commission.

M U. S. Real Estate Journal I

I^L 131 W. Brighton Ave., Steacuse, N. Y. ■

^■iHiaM

Chicago, April 18. — A carload of comb
honey (said to be from Colorado) came on
the market about the first of the month. It
was placed with a firm that does not make
a specialty of honey and to some extent has
upset prices when looked at in print. It is
put up in 24 section cases with wood slides
instead of glass and is more or less candied.
Choice white comb brings 12 1-2 c; No. 1,
lie at 12c; amber 8c at 10c. Extracted white
6 at 7c; amber 5 1-2 at 6 1-2 c, prices being
being governed by quality, flavor and pack-
age. Beeswax 30c if clean and of good color.
199 So. Water St R. A. Burnett & Co.

Three Thousand Gummed
Labels for ,$1.00

1x3 inches, printed to your order, and
postpaid. Send for catalog, showing dif-
ferent sizes and -styles.

FENTON LABEL CO., Philadelphia, Pa

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE TEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

JJ J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
VV . breeder of choice Italian Bees and
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

'the FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,

1 Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red

Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,

and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send

THE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDi.^A, OHIO.
^ Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

^lUEEiNS HERE. We are still asking you to

< LjiVe us your trade. We sell Italians. Guldens

11.1 Carniolans at 75c for untested and $1.00 for

■li. Prices on quantities and nuclei udon ap •

iiion.John W. Pharr, Berclair, Te.vas. .Ian6

r^UEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
V Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

; WARTHMORE APIARIES. SWARTH- '
" MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
Tightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
uaranteed. Correspondence in English,
"rench, German and .Spanish. Shipments to
11 parts of the world.

r\ J HLOCHER, Pearl City, 111., breeder of
L-^' Fine Italian Bees and Queens Our stock
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock guar-
anteed. Free information Jan. 6

1 AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113,
L' PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

Y W. GARY & SON, LYONSVILLE,
'MASS., Breeders of choice Italian bees
nd queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
lover strains. Catalog and price list free.

Pi H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
v<f« (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

.1 OORE'S LONG-TQNGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
r each year. Those who have tested them
now why. Descriptive circular free to all.
A'rite J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
•J has g^reatly enlarged and improved his
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Car-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's
golden; all selects. Ccmiolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

JONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I
* extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
hos. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

iUNIC BEES. All other races are dis-
carded, after trial of these wonderful
;es. Particulars post free. John Hewitt &
0., Sheffield, England. Jan 6.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an
^ exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

^"Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

COLORADO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCER
ASS'N, 14M Market St, Denycr, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A- BURNOT & CO., 199 South Wat
Street, Chicago. (5-S)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

Cent»a=Word Column.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPE

^ ^ IN FLORIDA Jt Jt

A. H. REEVES, Dealer in Bees, Bee-keepers'

Supplies, Root's goods at Root's Factory
Prices. Send for Catalogues and Price list.
Perch River, N, Y. May

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
ebrated I'iueapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Port Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEW

A TANDEM BICYCLE (for man and lady)
cost J150, in first-class condition, was built to
order for the owner. Tires new. Will sell
for $25 cash. Satisfaction guaranteed. Ad-
dress J. Clayborne Merrill, 130 Lakeview,

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
ing Concern, Falconer, N. Y.

2o LATEST improved Langstroth Bee Hives

for sale, complete ready for use and well
painted. Inquire of Frank G. Shimer, Mar-
tins Creek, Pa., for prices and particulars.

Jtme 5

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write' for
sample copy.

i

The News, Fort Pierce, FI

ITALIAN AND Carniolian Queens. The
Bankston Baby Nucleus and the Bankston
nursery cage. Untested queens 50 cents
each; tested 75 cents. Baby nucleus, nailed
ready for use, 35 cents. Nursery cage, 35
cents by mail with printed instructions.

C. B. Bankston, Milano, Milam County,
Texas. July 5.

Bee=Keepers' Supplies

1 1/^ story 8-frame L-Hive S 1

No. 1 .sections Bee-way, per 1000 4

Plain 3

No. 2, 5c le.ss.
24 lb. Shipping Cases, per 100 13

Berry Baskets, Hallock Boxes, Crates, e
kept in stock and sold cheap. Send for list.

W. D. SO P E R

R. F. D. No. 3. Jackson, Mi

INCREASE is a handsome little book tell-
ing how to form new colonies without
breaking working stocks. A simple, sure
satisfactory plan. Kc. Baby Nuclei tells
how to mate many queens from sections
with a mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20
pictures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queens
and queen rearing outfits for sale. Golden
all-over and Caucasian Queens. Circulars
free. E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa.

MILLER'S

Queen Rearing
System

SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS

Used Only for

Providence Queens

Send your orders now and remit when

Queens arc ready, thus insuring

early delivery.

NEW CATALOG ON REQUEST

LAWRENCE C. MILLER

PROVIDENCE, R. I.

P. 0. Box 1113

H tf

Three Months for Only gQ Cents.
To a A e-cu Subscriber,

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1861

It is the only zveekly_ bee paper in A merica
rhose who write for it are among the most
sxtensive and successful bee-keepers i-n the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

t

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
olony or 100, should read the old American
see Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
I three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
cnber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. Yorh ® Co.

34 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and music;
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man of
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popular
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid for
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupon
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning in
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H.D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postofifice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who thinlc our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure"s This is a special oiTer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dept. H. D. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Bees and Poultry

This Offer Holds Good Only
Two Months from date hereof

A Bee Jonrnnl and a setting of choice
eggs from thoroughbred stock for :ifl. Ou.
The Rural Bee-Keeper (one year old)
is a new monthly journal devoted to the
interests of bee-keepers

Eveiy bee-keeper can get the value of
his money. There are articles hy the best
writers known, upo i all subjects pertain-
ing to bee culture.

SUPERIOR FOWLS.

Eggs that hatch from hens that

K^tXj'* ^* ((^ e^* (^* (^^

No expense has been spared to secure
pure stock. We offer you a choice of 7
(seven ) breeds as follows:
Barred Plymouth Kock, Buff Coaehen,
Bulf Plymouth Rock, Buff Leghorn,
White Plymouth Rock, Brown Legliorn,
Black Langshang, Light Bramas,

White Wyandotte.

The price of the eggs alone is fl.OO per
setting [13] But we want subscribers for
the "Rural Bee Keeper" which is 5U cents
a year, and we will sell you both for $1.00.
Orders filled in rotation We have 25 lay-
it!g hens of each breed except the Black
Langshangs of which we have seven.

Please indicate a second choice in case
we have more orders of one kind than we
car) fill. We can sell but one setting of
eggs at this rate, and only as a premium
for the "Rural Bee Keeper." If you want
more settings you can have them at SI. 00
uer setting straight. Address,

W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.

Always mention

The AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

When writing to advertisers. I

Are You Looking
for a Home?

It so send for a copy of The Farm and
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
tised in it from nearly every state in the
Union; also city property of all kinds and
stocks of goods for sale or exchange. So
that anyone looking for a home or a loca-
tion can find anything he wishes in this
.Tournal. It reaches 33,000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
mediums to reach the farmer and home-
seeker. Advertising rates 2c per word
for small ads, or $1 ijerinch single column
each insertion. Send 75c and we will
mail you the Journal for one year, or for
10c in silver or stamps we will send it for
two mouths' on trial. And Journal will
be stopped at the end of two months if
you don't renew. No copies sent free.
H-Peb. tf

I SELL

Farm & Real Estate Journal

Traer, Tama Co, Iowa

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumbei

THOS. WORTHINGTON,

LEOTA, MISS.

The Graham-Hyde Bee Co.

Pjilrnnpr'c Rpp-k'ppnprc' ^iinnlipc ^t factory prices. We have Falconer's
rdltUIICI S DCC-|\eCJJCr& OUppilCS branch house covering the entire south-

western St.-lll-'S

Send for special catalog, etc.

All leading races. Bees and Nuclei in any quantity for distant

shipments a specialty. Send for circular and prices.

Bought and sold. Honey cans in season; be sure and get our

prices.

Bees and Queens
Honey and Wax

Our Mot f n '^'^ have everything the bee-keeper needs and to buy his products in return.
Will iTlUllU Correspondence earnestly solicited,

The Graham-Hyde Bee Company

SUCCESSORS TO THE HYDE BEE SIPPLY CO., SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

i

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mentiou
The Americian Bee-Keeper.

\ and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: "^-"Sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W, PHARR, Prop.,

lew Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^^^^ *o raise

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journa

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

BEGINNERS.

should hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written «■-
icially for amateurs. Second •dition just ob'
irgt edition of 1,000 sold in less than two year*
ditor York says: "It is the £aest little book pub-
bed at the present time." Price 24 cents; by
ail 28 cents. The little book and

he Progressive Bee-keeper,

lire, propressire, 28 page monthly journal,) one
ar for e.ic. Apply to any first-class dealer, or
dress

EAHY MFG- CO., Higginsy>lle, M..

-imtnii iiimiimiiiMiiiiiimiiiiiiiiii im—n—ii

To Subscribers of

THE AMERICAN BEE=KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtes in the U. S. A. one
year for ]n eents, providing you
vr jntion AiMerican Bee-Keeper.

The CKJunlry Journal treats on
^ arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
' ry and Fashion. It's the best pa-
y»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

■— """^^~^'^~"~"" MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for lOc.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There aire a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yom the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor
ous stock in prime condition? foi
spring planting.

All
Leading i

V a r ieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY COjI

Box 66 MONROE, MICH.

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete Stock for i905 Now on Hand

Fri'iulit rati's I'roiii Ciin'iniiati an- Uk; lowest— especially lor the S<uit !i .

Prompt Service is What 1 Practice. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

Voii will save money liu.viiiix frmn uie, Catalu'/ mailed free.

HONEY AND BEESWAX WANTED PAY CASH ON DELIVERY

Rfoo/'lar' i\i Hiiaonc > Oolden Italian, Ked Clover ami Carniolaus—
DieeUer Ol yUeClIb -, ,„,. ,,,.1,.,.^ ivler to my catalo-.

Office and Salesrooms— 2140-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

€.B.m.meber,

CINCINNATI.,
OHIO.

^GENTS Wanted 'washing Machines.
You can double your money every time you sell one

id they sell easily. W© have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
e cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
fruit growing unless you read it.

Balance of this year free to new
liscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt, Vernon, Iowa.

iMi™ J^^UL

unA &tV\4httVkV t\\nvivic» on (uTiW,

"yit'vl t at ottit \« \\>t «>«v<l
fttivu^ptc'vaX ktt^oimuvvon d^»«d.

I. (S\sy^tfcX<S,'^xt"\A«t&,'fvoT\dia.

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, wbicb
IS the best machine made
(or use in tlit constructu.r
of Hives, Sections, Boxes
etc. Sent on trial. Send foi
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & [ UAKNES CO
913 Ruby St., Rockford. 111.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks
Decigns
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
(julckly ascertain our opinion froe whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confideiitial. Handbook on Patents
sent free, oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Emerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN SCo.36^«^°^''«^v, New York

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, D, C.

ATHENS, GA.

Subscription 50 Cents a Year.

Pnblished the First of Every Month

and Circnlates in Every

Soutliern Stp.te.

\ !'\i:kiisix(; uati:.<^ on appt.i-

CATION.

National Bee-Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N. E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure

A Boon
For

PooltrKeerTs

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illuatrated Poultrir Book, which contains
Poultry Reepero' Acc'tand Egg Record showing
gains or losses evei' month for one year. Worth 25
ct8, sent to you for lie. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers wlthyour order. Address,
«. a. VIBUERT. P.B. 56, Clintonville. Conn

^WE WERE AWARDED A^

GOLD MEDAli

ON OUR BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES

AT ST. LOUIS, 190

Also at Paris Exposition, 1899, and Trans-Mississippi Expositfe
at Omaha, 1900, Higest awards at World's Fair, Chicago, at;
the Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo.

Root's Goods Are Prize Winners and Are Sold

World Over.

Assiniboia

Austria

Australia

Barbados

Belgium

Bohemia

Brazil

British Guiana

Brit. Honduras

Cape Colony

Chili

China

Cuba

Dom. Republic

Egypt

England

France

Germanj

Grenada

Hayti

Holland

Hungary

India

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Japan

Manitoba

Mexico

Montserratei

Natal

Norway

Palestine

Russia

Rhodesia

Scotland

Siam

Spain

Sweden

Syria

Tasmania

Trinidad

Vaal River |

Venezuela

In all States and Possessions of the United States
Provinces of Canada.

CD-XJLJO Oai^alog ±ox» IQC

is now ready. If you wish a copy at o nee drop us a postal. It takes f
time to print and mail to our list of 250,000 bee-keepers.

THE A. L ROOT COMPAT

BRANCHES:
Chicago, 111., 144 East Erie Street.
Philadelphia, Pa., 10 Vine Street.
New York City, N. Y., 44 Vesey Street.
Syracuse, N. Y., 1635 W. Genesee Street.
Mechanic Falls, Maine.

n RANCHES:
St. Paul, Minn., 1024 Mississippi Stre
San Antonio, Texas, 1322 So. Flores S
^Vashington, D. C, 1100 Maryland At
Havana. Cuba, Obrapia 14.
Kingston, Jamaica, 115 Water Lane.

ntered nt the Postonice, Fort Pierce, Fin., ns seconrl-class nmil matter

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made threat
changes, freed the slaves, mil in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the <narket at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grass^s, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches,, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

When writing to advertisers mention
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

$300,000,000 IN POULTRY

Do you know that the government census
of 1900 gives the value of the pouhrv in that
year at very nearly $300,000,000?

Poultry Success ^p^.S,^,;' 1^,^:1

is absolutely indispensable to everyone inter-
ested in cliickens, whether they be begin-
ners, experienced poultry raisers, or only
keep a few hens. It is without question the
foremost poultry monthly in this country,
and readers of its articles on pure bred chicks
and their better care and keeping have come
to realize that it is plain truth that "there is
money in a hen." POFLTRY SUCCESS hns
from 3f> to 112 pages every issue; is beautifully il-
lustrated and printed; has best writers. Sixteen
years old Shows how to suerecd with i onltry.
Regular subscription price 50 cents i)er
year, pnccial offers. If you keep chickens
or are in anyway interested in them, we will
send POULTRY SUCCESS to you for one
year for introduf-ii^'n, and mail free a large il-
lustrated, practiral poultry bonk for only the
regular price. .'iO cents, or three nonths' trial 10
cents. Sample ropy free.

POULTRY SUCCESS CO.

Dept. 16 Springfield, Ohio

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNA
A monthly journal devoted to agi
cultural interests. Largest circulati(
of any agricultural paper in the we;
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, N
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
Itf Lincoln, Neb.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZIN

10c a year. Largest. Brightest and Finest lllustra
IVIagazine in the World for 10c a year, to ini
duce It only.

It is bright and up-to-date. Te
all about Southern Home Life. It
full of fine engravings of grand sc(
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taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME.

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeepe

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quickly ini
duce it. M i

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prefer it to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' H
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turns. We will send you po
paid any state map you wish

25 cents (silver.)
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One Year, on Trial, for Only J 2c,
to cover cost of postage, etc.

THE MONTHLY

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The Solution of the
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Is never solved until it is
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subscriber for our Jour-
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to contribute regularly
and what they will write
will all be new to you.
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The Western Bee Journal
Kingsbur g, California,
P. F. Adelsbach, Editor
and Publisher.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPEj

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

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WEST MAITLAND,
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and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
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6-tf

ot ^ IN FLORIDA Jt J'

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
ebrated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town in Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEW

is the best paper in the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write fori
sample copy.

The News, Fort Pierce, Fl

TRUE ITALIAN BEES.

The most beautiful, most gentle, most ]
liflc, best working and fine long tongu
The best honey gatheiing kit d of bees.

PRIZES: Swiss Agricultural Exhibit
Berne, 1895; Swiss National Exposition, G
eva, 1WJ6. Bee-keeping Exposition. Liii
Belgium. Isflri. fTniversal Exposition St. Lc
U. S. A., 1604, THE HIGHEST AWARD. E;
seieot breeding Queen f3.(0; 6. S16; dozen
Selected Queen (young tested) ti\ 0. $ll;dci
820; special prices for .50 and 1(0 Queens,
addresses ure to give clear, payments
means of postal money order. If by cha
a fjueen dies upon the journey is to return
mediately with a I^ost-certificate and and
Queen is sent gratis.

Write Anthony Biaggi, at Pedevilla r
Bellinzona, Italian Switzerland.

IF YOU

WANT TO GROW

Vegetables, Fruits and Farm
Products in Florida subscribe
for the FLORIDA AGRICUL-
TURIST. Sample copy sent
on application.

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JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

A FOUNTAIN PEN

AND THE

\merican Bee-Keeper

For Only Ninety Cents

We have made a contract with the makers
f a first class Fountain Pen by which we
an give one of these pens with the AMER-
CAN BEE-KEEPER a year for only 90
ents.

The Pen is 14k gold and first class in every
■ay. It is worth $2.00 alone. If you wish to
ike advantage of this offer we will accept
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rs. Address

'he AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER
Falconer, N» Y.

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

ake a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

ively Lake Region of Soutli Florida.

BO er cent, annlual return on investment.
Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High

«ae and oak land, bordered by fresh water
ces, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
^)od title. Time payments. Address for de-
riptive matter, W. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
r Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

ttent Wired Comb Fonndation

has no sag in brood frames.

lin Flat Bottom Fooadatioi

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.
Being the cleanest is usually worked tht
ickest of any foundation made. The talk
3Ut wiring frames seems abstu-d. We furnisk
Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
d not half the trouble to use that it is t©
re brood frames,
'irculars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN A SONS,
Sole Manufacturers

ontgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

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To supply the wants of Cash Buyers every-
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and save you a middleman's commission.

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■ ■ ^11

^

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
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Send your business direct to AVashiiiKton, '
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My office close to IT. S. Patent OfRce. FREE prelimin-
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F R SinfiFRSsisFST.. N.w.

Li III UlUULilU|WASHINGTON, D. C.

n' Tf If, BINGHAI
-'"'■J has made all the im-
' provements in

Bee Smokers and
Honey" Knives

made in ihe last 20 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt. sent
postpaid, per mail $1 50

%M inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00

2H inch 90

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■- 11 «■- I- Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

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«

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views on the Florida Coast.

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Florida.

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS. WORTHINQTON.

LEOTA, MISS.

WANTED

EXTRACTED HONEY.

Mail sample, and always quote lowest
price delivered here. We remit imme-
diately upon receipt of shipment.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

References :
German National Bank, Cincinnati. 0
Any Mercantile Agency, or tlie Editor.

No. 51 Walnut Street,

J'o^tiSr"- CINCINNATI, O.

QUEENS AND BEES

Have you ever tried my queens? If not, I should be glad to
have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PB RFECT SATISFACTION.

I have three-banded Italians. Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1..50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nucl ei a. specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-5tf

kA4.>»»»»»4 ♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ » » ♦.v^^^^ 4^ .

y^4. . .M-ff

AHEAD OF SHOOK-SWARMINI

The March Ri-view is now iu process of pre-
paration, and will be out about ihe middle of
themontli. One article in this i^sue will lae
by H. <T Sibbnld of Canada, and he will des-
cribe a new system of management that prom-
ises to be away ahead of shoou-swarming.
It has these advantages: No shaking of the
bees; no handling of the brood; no possibility
of the <iueen being in the wrong liive; no dan-
ger of after-svarming; no increase unless
desired ( but easy to secure if wanted ); no
queen cells to hunt up ai.d destroy; yet the
whole force of bees may be kept together the
whole season, and each colony may be re-
queened with a queen from a naturally built
cell.

This is only a single iirticle in one issui
the Revu-'tL'. but it is a fair sample of what
ate losing if you don't re^d the h'eview. ani
what you wiil gain if you read it. Send J
for the Review for 905; or if you prefer,
can send ten cents, ind when the March is
is out it will be sent to you, and the
cents may apply on any subscription sen
auring the year

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mic

l?^

m

<w,

-iii^

^^JT was just a plain old farm house,
II But tlie dear old place I knew
II SeeuLs a palace now, for distance
Lends enchantment to the view,
And toaiight, through rosy gla-sses.
Once again the scene I .see,
Of those careless days of boyhood.
Ah! so dear, so dear to^ me.
I can hear the low. soft murmur
Of the gentle summer breeze.
Just outside my attic window,
'Mid the branches of the trees.
And, In fancy I imagine.
Once again beneath the shade
Of those trees. I am playing.
As in bygone days I played.
I can hear the reapers -singing
At the cradle far away
In the wheat-tield, and the laughter
of us children at our play.
By the odor of the^se lilacs.
In the vase beside me here.
The old place Is silhouetted
Right before me. strong and clear;
And this sprig of honeysuckle.
With its old-time, sweet perfume.
Brings a hundred scenes and faces
Close beside me in the room.
Dreams. The noi.ses of the city
Faintly fall upon my ear.
And the sound dispels the vision
Of the old farm-life so dear.
Ah! the old farm. It was humble,
But each blade of gi-ass poswsessed of
Charms for mp that helped to make it
Of all spots on earth the best.

— Grand Rapids Herald.

108

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Jui

SIXTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES.

By W. ;. DAVIS, Jst.

FOURTH LETTER— Continued from Page 89, May Number.

THE HIVE from which the swarm
has issued is placed anywhere
in the bee-yard that suits the
pleasure of the bee master. By re-
moving the old stock, most of the field
workers will be drawn off and join
the swarm, and there will be less
liability of after swarms. We are
working for comb honey and perhaps
do not desire increase of stocks. In
such cases, in a day or two, take combs
from old stock; shake the bees in front
of the young swarm; and give combs
and brood to such as may need a
little help to become box workers;
first, however, removing all queen cells
that may have been started.

In regard to two or more
swarms uniting on the wing, I
wish to say that no matter how
many swarms unite, there will be
no quarrel between queens and
bees, if the ,swarms uniting are all
led by laying queens, or all led by
virgin queens. But if one swarm hav-
ing a fertile queen, and another with a
virgin queen unite, there will be
trouble, for the bees with the laying
queen will ball the virgin queen every
time and the bees with the vir-gin
queen will ball the fertile queen, and
you will have confusion enough. An
Ohio bee-keeper last summer wrote to
(one of our bee periodicals saying, that
his bees were swarming and he had a
great deal of trouble with the bees
balling their queens and they would
not stay hived, etc. I do not at-
tempt to quote his exact words but
give the substance of them. But
I noticed the editor gave no reason for
such actions on the part of the bees,
and no remedy for the evil. To dis-
tinguish between a first and an after
swarm, we will call a swarm that is-
sues with a fertile or laying queen in a
normal condition, and one with a vir-
gin queen in an abnormal condition.
With the first there are no contingen-
cies. When hived, they work and pros-
per; with the second they may com-
mence work but a later examination
may reveal a few discouraged bees and

possibly some drone brood. A lay
queen will walk into her new ho
with dignity and would scorn the ii
of going out alone, but a virgin qui
will often come out and fly around j.
see what she can see and like man;
lass talves chances that older o:
would not risk; for sometimes she fj
to find her sisters, or enters pla
she ouglit not, or she may be cau;
by some varmint.

Again, in changing combs with
hering bees to build up colon
always deal with those colonies in .
same condition as to their queens,
the adult bees are all removed fi
a comb of brood, it can be placed i
any colony without risk of queens

I believe that many stocks
nuclei that are found queenless
made so by the bees killing their ( i
queen, on her return from her v ■
ding trip. She goes out a rollicl
virgin and returns not the same
yet she is the same bee. She has t a
roaming in realms of ether. She e
been abroad and she puts on airs, o
wonder her sisters don't know h€

THE NUPTIAL FLIGHT.

Mr. Maeterlinck describes the ^ !•
ding flight of the queen in such p< c
language that I will be excused
quoting: "She starts her flight b|
wards; returns two or three time!
the alighting board; and then haJ
definitely fixed in her mind the e:[
situation and aspect of the kingij
she has never yet seen from witbl
she departs like an aii-ow to the zel
of the blue, she soars to a brigbj
luminous zone, that other bees atl
at no period of their lives. Far a'*!
the males have beheld the appariij
have breathed the magnetic perfl
that spreads from group to groupJ
every apiary near Is instinct witl|
Immediately crowds follow her
the sea of gladness, whose liil
boundaries ever recede. She, obe;[
the magnificent law of the race, ctl
es her lover and enacts that the strl

^05. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 109

St alone shall attain to her in the THE CLIMATE AND HONEY.

)litude of the ether. She rises still and •

)r the first time in her life the blue By J. B. Hall

lorning air rushes into her stigmata,

nging its song in the myriad tubes of "pDITOR AMERICAN BEE-KEEP-
le tracheal sacs, nourished on space u^ ER: As you know, I am not a
lat iill the center of her body. She writer for publication, but upon

ses still. A region must be found un- I'eading in your journal foir March,
lunted by birds that else might pro- P^se 58, the editorial, "Climate axid
me the mystery. She rises still Honey," I am so amused at what Mr,
Id already the ill assorted J- A, Green says about basswood
OOP below are dwindling and honey that I cannot forebear stating
lling asunder. The feeble, unwel- ^ f^w facts that will perhaps enlighten
me, ill fed, which have flown from ^is mind in this matter,
ipoverished cities. These renounce ^s a honey producer I was not
e pursuit and disappear in the void, aware that this part of North America
aJy a small indefatigable cluster re- Produced a superior quality of honey
ain suspended in infinite opal. She "J^til long ago, when the American
mmons her wings for one final effort, Bee-Keepers' Association held its an-
id now the chosen of incomprehen- ""al meeting at Toronto, Ontario, dur-
Dle forces has reached her; has seized i^» the time of the great annual show,
■r and bounding aloft with united ^^^' of course, visited the exhibition,
ipetus the ascending spirial of their "^^i^ fii'st man to call on us was our
tertwined flight whirls for one sec- fi'iend, Dr. Miller. I did '.'not know"
d in the hostile madness of love." ^li™- His question was, "How do you
My private opinion is that the great S'et it soi nice?" I asked him if he
•ench author has sent his queen far ^^'^s from south of the line, and he
> high. Like many a religious the- «aid that he was. I had to inform him
st fixed the abodes of the finally that nearly all good things, from men
jssed beyond the stars, or as one down, were produced far north; at
mnologist puts it, "beyond the this, he laughed.

unds of time and space." The Our next visitor was our good
t of queen and drone mating, friend, A. I. Root, of Medina. He stat-
is claimed, has never been ^d in his journal, Gleanings, that it
tnessed by man. The truth of ^'^s the best honey that at had ever
^ claim I can neither affirm been his good foa-tune to behold, and
deny. I can say however, that I that he was not prepared to see Old
ve never witnessed it. although I Mother Earth make such an array of
ve had many thousands of queens boney of such a choice quality,
•tilized; but have many times seen -^t the great fair at Chicago, the
eens returning to their hives with Hon. Mr. Secor, the judge, gave to On-
mistakable evidence of fertilization, tario twenty-five, out of a total of
out 2.3 years ago, while in my gar- twenty-seven awards. This number
1, 10 or 12 rods from my bee yard, '^^'as later cut down, however, by the
attention was arrested by the noise coimniittee to twenty-three — for we
wings and on looking up discovered "North" fellows. Later, at Buffalo,
ustling mass of bees, not more than Ontario was awarded the gold medal
'^ard in diameter and probably one <^" basswood honey.
idred feet high, moving rapidly in ^^e Canadians do not claim superi-
S8, but slowly, laterally, and de- ority; but allow your own people to
nding as they moved. I could see Pronounce the verdict as to quality,
m veiy well until theii- descent Woodstock, Ontario, April 4, 1905,
ught them between me and the ^^ editorial, page 104, May issue,
fy trees on the hills south of my bad reference to the foregoing article,
*ary. I took it to be a quantity of which was by an oversight left out of

flues and a queen. But this I give that number. — Ed.

0 V as a guess. —

(Continued.) How can he abide long in peace,

,. , ": who thrusteth himself into the cares'

nat man is worthless who knows of others, who seeketh occasions

" to receive a favor, but not to re- abroad, who little or seldom cometh

111 one.— Plautus. to himself ?— Thomas a Kempis,

I

110 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. .Tin

PACKING COMB HONEY FOR SHIPMENT IN CAR LOTS.

BY HARRY E. HILL.

SOME TIME ago Mr. Leo F. Haue-
gaii, ]Manager of the St. Croix
Valley Honey Producers' As-
sociation, of GleuAvood, Wis., sent me
a splendid pliotograpli showing a side-
traelved car \vliich his Assot-iation was
loiading with comh honey. Some cor-
respondence in regard to their
methods resulted, and con-siderable in-
teresting information was secured, and
as neither Mr. Hanegan nor myself
had observed anything particularly
noteworthy along this line in any of
the .iournal-s, I obtained his permission
to publish tlie gist of the thing in The
Bee-Keeper.

At the left in the photograph Mr.
Hanegan is seen, while Mr. H. Jacobs

if a less quantity, tiens are not ma
so high, as they should be so loaded
to meet at the middle of the car.

li should be noted also that 1
cases pitch ^slightly toward the midd
aud tlljat they "break joints," tl
adding to the soliditj' of the aggrc
ed weight.

Unless buyer specifies other me
.Old of loading, this pla'n is always ]
lowed, and ui^on each end and ej
door of car a caution card — "Han
AVith Care," is tacked. That is, ca
are loaded from each end, and
meeting space solidly packed with (
straw, which packing comes 'v
above the tiers of causes.

Over the .joints of tiers, in the drs,

MANNER OF LOADING COMB HONEY.

stands at the right. Mr. Jacobs, Man-
ager Hanegan says, is the man to
whom he is indebted for mo,st of his
knowledge in regard to packing car
lots of comb honey.

In the first place a clean, dry
refi-igerator car is ordered, though, of
course, no ice is used, but a clean, dry
car is important.

The accomiianying drawing will il-
lu-strate ilie manner of loading. About
1.200 24-section cases make a good
load. The car in the picture contained
1,100 such cases, and represented a
cash value of about .$2.;)0(I.OO, F. O. B.
at loading point.

Alxmt three inches of straw upon
the floor is used. At ends, I't inches.
Between tiers, about six inches of
straw is snugly packed, with only
enough at -sides to make shipping cases
fit snug and tight. The straw should
be clean, and oat-straw is prefeiTed.

Where a full carload is to be shii)-
ped, the cases are packed ten high; liut

ing, may be -seen the ends of s
cleats or beams, crosswise of tin'
which serve to hold down the r,
These, however, are used only omm
joints of the three end row,s, lln
our artist has tried to make ili
doubly safe by using them throiiu
the length of the car.

:Mr. Hanegan further advises
before loading a car with comli In
one should be sure that it h:is
"Hat Avheels," as, "a flat wheel
make mush of a load of comli In
in short order."

Mv. Hanegan invitC'S suggest
and a discussion of this impure
matter.

Fort Pierce, Fla., May 20, 1905.

The greatest tirmnevss is the gi|
est mercy. — Longfellow.

There is no greater delight tha
be conscious of sincerity on sel:|
.•nuinalion. — Mencins.

112

T ;' THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Juni

TO TEST NECTAR, AND POLLEN-
YIELDING PLANTS.

Scientific Investigations to Be Conducted'by the Na-
tional Department of Agriculture, in California-
Special Agent in Apiculture. John M. Rankin, off
to His New Field of Labor.

By Prof. Frank Benton, in Charge of Apicul-
ture, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

TO THE EDITOR of the American
Bee-Keeper:

In the autumn of 1903 while
traveling in California, I learned, that
agents of the Department of Agricul-
ture were locating an experimental
garden for plant introductioin in the
Sacremento valley. The thought occur-
red, to me at once that it woaild be a
splendid thing to undertake observa-
tions a-s to the honey-producing capaci-
ties of all the new plant introductions
which are being made there extensive-
ly by this Department. Upon my re-
turn to Washingtoni, I immediately
consulted with Dr. Gallo-way, Chief of
the Bureau of Plant Industry, and also
with Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the
Division of Entomology which has
since been developed into a Bureau.
Both of these gentlemen were very
favorably disposed toward the scheme.
The time for the execution of it has
now ari'ived and at my suggestion one
of my assistants, Mr. J. M. Rankin,
has been commissioned to proceed to
Chico, California, to conduct these ob-
servations as well as carry on "some ex-
periments under the direction and in-
structions given him from this office
by myself. A small apiary will be es-
tablished at once at the Plant Intro-
duction Garden. Various races of bees
now in this country will be represented
in this apiary, and \ery possibly other
types. Avhich it is hoped may be ob-
tained in the near future, will be test-
ed under conti-ol there. At the outset,
the main purpose, however, will be to
make observations as to the honey and
pollen yielding capabilities of all
plants, which may come under the
notice of the apiarist, in order to de-
termine, in so far as possible, their
availability in filling gaps in the honey
and pollen yields in other portions of
the country. New introductions made
by ourselves will also be tested in this
way. Some general field work in con-
nection with bee diseases will be un-
dertaken, and later, should laboratory

facilities be established, a mo)
thorough investigation of bee-paralyg
and other contagious diseases enter»
upon.

There is a wide field for valuali
work in this connection. The climi
and resources of the great West, s
particularly the semi-arid regions
the country, requiring very diffe
treatment from the other portions,
is therefore deemed advisable to git
this special attention to thiose poiilo
of the country. And I earnestly i
quest the hearty co-operation of
bee-keepers, who may be situated so
to render an assistance in the condi
of this work, either through infora
tion, the sending of specimens, or mi
ing such tests as we may find it !
visable to require.

Washington, D. C, May 15, 1905.

PROGRESSIVENESS.

Not a Distinguishing Feature of Modern Apiarld

By Arthur C. Miller.

OF ALL BRANCHES of rural
probably none is less advan
than that of beekeeping. T
statement may sound rash and unv
ranted, yet I believe I can show 1
be true by simply stating a few
the happenings and practices in
culture to-day.

Bees swarm, but why? We ha^s
score of theories but nothing defii
Bees raise queens under several
ditions but what are the real stim
If we only knew, then queen rea
at the ownei*'s option would be sin
Queens lay drone eggs at sundry tii J,
why? Bees elect to rear drones at le
time and not at another, why? 1 ifl
winter well or ill, because why? 8,
there are a hundred speculations it
show me a scientifically accurate sl e-
ment in regard to any part of it. '
knows or has ever taken the pain
learn the food value in heat-gij]
power of the stores of the colon]
WhiOi knows definitely the i
economical size of colonies for wli
ing? Who can tell why bees wll
fuse one queen and accept anot
What causes the bees to build d
comb in one place and worker in
other? What is there about the b
food that changes worker larva
queen? Why does one colony

le

iJiji

10..

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

113

liilo another seemingly under exactly
le same conditions bustles? Do
■ones find the queens by sight, by
nell or by hearing? One colony
ailds smoolii, even combs while the
'\t wrinkles tliem and covers them
itli buiT-combs. Why? The next
asou it i^ turn-about, and why? One
ildijy enters supers readily, the next
ill not be either coaxed or" driven in,
id who can tell why?
These are a few of the things we
aut correct answers to, and up to
te I know of almost no effort to oB-
in careful, accurate data on which to
n-k. Sift all answers and they

;iiOunt to naught but general state-
rmts of things, nothing exact. To be
<re it is most exceedingly difficult
1 learn the exact tiniths in these mat-
Ts, and yet it is just such difficulties
Mich must be surmounted if bee-
1 aping is ever to rise to a science.
See what strides horticulture and
jriculture have taken in the last few
jiirs. Look at the results of plant
l!eding, of the analyses of soils, of
t' action oif sundry fertilizers, bac-
tia, etc., etc. Then look at our own
i' ustry and wliat can we show be-
j id a few improvements in the tool-s
\ use? Aside from a very few items
rarding diseases and two or three
t? of light on habits we can show
nhing. And yet we veterans pat each
oer on the back; crow about how
nch we know; tell the beginners ex-
a[ly how to run their bees, and then
gout into our own yards and find out
bs refusing to do as we had suppos-
ei they always did. We are a wise
b ich, we veterans. Our rules are very
ttjh like old professor's rules on the
Gman verb, which he had worked
d'.n into one small book, while the
e:eptions to the rule filled a score of
la;e volumes.

Ve self-appointed instructors of the
im'titude have roosted so high and
ci'.ved so loud that we have actually
ccvinced ourselves that we are in-
faible. Haven't we? Just look at
Wit we have said and the way we
sa it. Only one among us has been
m''.est — the modesty of real knowl-
ec3 — and his "I don't know" will
U> down the ages long after the rest
'JfLs are forgotten.

t not the foregoing deter the be-
r from continuing with bee-keep-
! or he can have the fun of blun-
- and stumbling most as much as

we have, and if he knows that we are
only guessing Avhen we say we know,
he may set to work to find out the
truth and his hand may be the one ta
raise apiculture to^ a science.
Providence, R. I., March 1, 1905.

HOAV TO SUCCESSFULLY RUN
AN OUT-APIARY FOR COMB
HONEY.

By A. A. French.

Enad before the .lefferson County (N. Y.)
Bee-keepers Ashociation, January 17, 1905.

WE TAKE it for granted that we
have bees and supplies for an
out-apiary. Then the first
thing to be considered is its location.
I will talk from experience and not
theory.

First. Have it as near home as pos-
sible and not interfere with the home
yard.

Second. Give it the best pasture you
can.

Third. Protect it from heavy winds,
especially from the north and west.

I do not know as I could do any bet-
ter than toi describe my present out-
apiary, which is run exclusively for
comb honey. It is located three miles
from my home yard, at almost the top
of the Champion hills; on the side that
slopes north, on an incline of about 200
feet to each half mile. It is pi-otected
on the west and north by a thick hedge
of plum and choke-cherry trees; on the
east and south by an orchard of ap-
ple trees. On the south side of the
yard is the honey house, facing north,
overlooking the bee yard. At the east
side is a honey cabinet for the filled
surplus supers.

The hivesi are placed in groups of
twelve, with two hives on each stand
arranged in a semi-circle; six on each
side facing each other. The groups of
hives are in rows each way, giving an
alley 12 feet wide with the rear of the
hives on either side.

The honey house rests on wooden
blocks, so that it can be moved when
a new location is desired. Just inside
of the door, in easy reach, is a four-
inch Bingham smoker, two whisk
brooms, honey knife, hive opener, a
propolis scraper, Alley drone traps,
queen cages, bee veils, screwdriver and
an extension hiver. Inside is a work-
bench with a fair supply of tools. The

I

114

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Jul

bees are taken out of the cellar al)Out
ten days after we think it is time to
take them out. With clean bottom-
boards and closed entrances, .so that
about two bees can i)ass out at a
time, they are corked uj) a^^ warm and
snu.u' as iiossible.

I do not do as much bulldin.u up By
feeding in the spring as I used to. It
is a .slippery piece of business vrith
an out-apiary. But little more i»s done
until fruit l)loom.

To successfully rim an out-apiary
for comb honey, you must cut comers
at every turn and make as few trips
a-s possible.

Or where the brick is placed. I c
step out in the yard and in a mom
can tell thO'se hives that need at
tion to^-day, to-morrow, .oi" the
after, without going over the ^
yard. Each colony is examined a
once a ^veek. or as the season req
Then all the bricks are re-adjust
to the colonies' condition.

At the time of removing supers^
u,se tlie bee escape under supers, tb
they are removed to the honey cabin
Here they are totally freed from be
then they are taken to tlie ho;
a])iary before the sections are remo'?
from the supers.

REINFORCED

Supers with sections witli full sheets
of foundation; Hives fille<l witli
frames of worker cond) or foundation
wired: in fact, ever.vthing that can be
done, must be done in the, winter at
home, .so as to' be read.v for the harvest
if it comes. I have almost all natural
swarming. I make about sixty trij^s
during a year.

An out-yard of 12") colonies. s]iring
count, recniires about eighty' days'
labor of ten hour-s each. With an aver-
age season that includes everything
in relation tO; it.

The condition of the ooionies is re-
corded by a half l)rick ou each hive.
The condition is known b.y the lioica tion,

WITH BROOD.

One more thing that must not be
gotten and that is the consideratioi
compens»-ition for the use of theprei
es tliat are used. Whatever the <
sideration may l)e, let it be a ca-sh (
e^ery time. Meet the laudlord n
than half way. After you have ]
him cash in full for all indebtednj
give him a liberal suppl.v of honey J ]
the free favors you have received f

riie ride that works well at
home yard will succeed at an
apiarv. Keep as close tO' nature
possible. The form of a cube is
for a brood nest. The one that I M
for comb honey is 12 by 13 and l£
dies deep.

.

!

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

115

Sec tliiit all drone (-(Hiil) is i-enioved
from the brood chaiuher and worker
tomb is put in its place.

Don't stand ten minutes for a little
ee to net out of the way for fear he

ight iict hint. Let some thin.t>s re-

jiin a secret to the iminisitive nciiih-

)r.

A cloth liijhtly saturated with cai--
30lic acid or iceroseue will hustle ihe
jees out of the snper..-^. Bait sections
n the supers are a little gold mine to
)ee-keepers.

Have the honey house at the south
;ide of the yard facing north. You
an see the liees much more readily.

shaken swarm, and after a few days
more, anotiicr. When buckwlu>at time
ai-rived all the brood had hatched
from these combs and the young
queen was laying. The hive coutnlned.
by this time a large amount of young,
\igoio-s Ix'c;, which, when comfined
ti) only one brood-chamber iind a sec-
tion < use, were ready to begin work
at once. I have had veiy good results
by ti-eating i)arent colonies in tliis
way.

Hive .")o!) had been shaken early and
had given me 4S sections oif nice white
honey. 'I'he third set of sections were
not finished when tlie clover season

NOT GILT-EDGED, BUT TRIMMED WITH BUCKWHEAT.

'A GOOD SCHEME."

Profitable Manipulation of Parent Stocks.

By F. Greiner.

rHE ACCOMPANYING photo
shoiws a part of my apiary at
tlie beginning of the buclvwheat
>ney season.

I want the reader to especially take
'tice of hive No. 7G. It contains a
lony which had cast a swarm in the
rly ]»art of the season and had been
i'ated a la Heddon. Afterwards it re-
ived one set of brood combs from a

closed. It was left on the hive tO' be
finished with buckwheat. This is not
generally recommended, but a-s it les-
sens the work and the result is just as
satisfactory, I am loth to expend un-
nei-es,sary labcr removing partly filled
su])ers. As the season turned out the
partly filled super was completed, but
not very much more work was done in
the fourth set of sections. The buck-
wheat reason wa* too near a failure
with us. In an average season the
four supers would have been filled
frcan that source.

Naples, New York., Jan. 30. 1905.

116

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June

LOSS OF QUEENS IN PARENT
COLONY.

By G. M. DOODITTLE.

FROM the many letters I receive
asking wliy so naany colonies
which have cast swarms become
weak and finally die before the season
is over; and from the many calls I
have to see what ails the bees during
the month of August, I have fallen to
wondering if it would not be well for
soime one to say a few words relative
to the loss of queens from the parent
colony after it has cast from one to
three swarms during the early honey
flow.

In this we have something which
is very often overlooked by very many
bee-keepers, and the colonies are al-
lowed to go without a queen till lay-
ing workers appear, or the colony
dwindles down to where robber bees
take away all the honey the hive con-
tains, and the first the bee-keeper
knows he finds his hive empty of both
bees and honey.

That we may better understand
these things it is well to know that,
as a rule, the time from the is,suing
of the first or prime swarm to the
time the first young queen emerges
from her cell, is seven days. Then, if
after-swarming is allowed, it will be
all the way from four to eight days
before a young queen becomes es-
tablished in the hive, over her rivals,
and this established queen may be
lonly one or two days oid when thus
established. As a rule, queens which
have their own way fly out to meet
the drone when from five to seven
days old, so it may be five to six days
after such queen is established be-
fore she mates. Then there is a
period of from two to three days after
mating before she begins to lay.
Hence, when after-swarming is al-
lowed it will often be twenty-four
days before the queen commences to
lay, and it is \iseless to look in ^snch
(after- swarming) hives any sooner
than this for eggs in the cells. Then
If you look when the qiieen has been
laying only a few hours, the eggs
will be so few and far between, or
scattered about among so many of the
combs, that it will bother the novice
to find them; hence I always consider
it good policy to wait from twenty-
six to twenty-eight days, at which

i

time young larva will be likely to a
pear, which, together with e
several combs, tells you, general!;
upon the lifting oif the first cen
comb of the hive, that a young quej
is there all right.

For dim eyes, the larva Ai'ill
the story at first glance, for the
larva in any colony which has ra
a queen will be so liberally fed ^i^ifl
chyle that this milky subst4nc
"catches" the eye at once, while it i
often hard to discern eggs, espedall;
on a cloudy day. If no eggs or larv;
are fo^ind on the twenty-eighth da;
from the time any colony casts It
first or prime swarm, a frame
brood, having eggs and larva in
should be given from some othe
colony having a laying queen; and "W
are to look at this frame again, foirtj
eight hours later, to see if queen-eel
have been started on it. If so, the
the colony is queenless and should t
given a laying queen at once, if po
sible; or, if this cannot be, then tn
lOr three frames of brood should \
given them, else they dwindle ■
where tliey will be of little value b
fore any young queen will emerj
from a queen they may raise fro
the br^ood given.

If no cells are started,you may kao
that the bees have something whii
they are tolerating as a queen, aj
she should be hunted up and destroy'
in order that a good queen can
gotten in her place.

But suppose after-swarming is ii
allowed; then we have seven days
the time the first young queen emerg
from her cell, seven days to the tir
she flies to meet the drone and thr
days to the time she begins to Is
thus making seventeen days t
shortest time any young queen
likely to be found laying, from t
time the prime swarm issues, 'fli
I would wait three or four days mo
before looking for brood, so that eg
and larva might become abundant
the combs, soi I could expect to asc< JJ
tain what I wished to know on lifti:
only one or two combs. My practi
is to look for eggs and larva on t ^
twenty-third day from time of swar
ing, where no after-swarm is allowf
or on the twenty-eighth day wht
such swarming is allowed. But,
late years, it is a i*are thing that
look into any hive, for after we kiu
just what is going on in a hive, if ""

ai

r

k

.1

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

117

11 look at the entrance and iu the
Sections we can tell from an outside
fiagnosis very closely in these matters,
(forever afterward. Thfe knowledge
!his enabled me to tell at a glance in
tlese matters, by passing in front of
the hives along about the dates named,
whether colonies have laying ((uecns
or not.

When you find a colony that does
not have a laying queen the twenty-
fifth day after the prime swarm is-
sued, just watch the bees in their
lictiiCius at the entrance, and compare
, cheir actions with one you know has a
jueen which has been laying two or
:hree days. Then look at the work or
'non-work," going on in the sections
if the two hives; and if you are a
•areful observer you will ever after-
vard be prettj- sure regarding this
oatter without ever opening a hive.

Just why so many queens should be
ost from these old colonies having
ast a swarm or swarms, is something
could never account for, unless the
ueens are caught by king birds,
rhich are on the alert at this time of
be year, more than at lOfther times, on
ccount of their feeding their young at
bis time. Some seasons, and in some
x-alities the loss is from one-fourth
5 one-half in the apiary.
Borodino, N. Y. April 10,1905.

onies are well started in brood rear-
ing.

If such colonies that are nott
streng'thened do not perish they gen-
erally make breeding places for moths.
My method with such colonies is to
shake bees from the frames of
strong colonies, that have been
hatched only a few hours piid
run them in at the entrance of the
weak colonies. Care must be taken
not to remove a queen. Cover a broad,
shallow dish with a cloth to prevent
injury to the bees when shaking them
from the frames. Use a little smoke
when uniting. Twice over six or eight
colonies Avith a week's difference in
time, taking a half pint of bees from
each, will make a colony strong enough
to care for a frame of brood. The
strongest colony should have no bees
taken from it except, the frame of
brood.

Waverly, N. Y., Dec. 24, 1904.

JUILDING UP W^EAK COLONIES.

By J. H. ANDRE.

"XITRING the first three or four
J years I kept bees I lost some
colonies that were weak in the
pring.

It used to be the general practice
ath the most of bee-keepers to keep
•eak colonies well protected from cold
nd trust to luck to pull them through
ntil warm weather, when they were
iven brood to build them up. This
Ian will work well with a healthy
3lony, with good stores and having
iree quarts or more of bees. It pays
est in some seasons to allow such
)lonies to work their own stren^Ti
ad get all the white honey possible
•om strong colonies instead of using
lem to strengthen weak colonies, and
ive all of the early homey a few days
10 late and sealed dark from sumac,
5 often is the case in this locality. I
'fer to weak colonies with a quart or
v^o of bees at the time the strong col-

The Call o' the Fields.

Want to get off where the daisies are

growin' —
Winds wavin' blossoms, an' sweet

sti'eams a-flowin';
Where the meadow-bells ring, an' the

cattle are loiwin' —
Want to get off for a day!

Want to get off, in a green world of

clover —
Bees huntin' , honey, an' doves flyln'

over;
Let loose my soul, with the joy of a

rover —
Want to get off for a day!

Want to get off where the south winds

are creepin'
Over the brook where the speckled

trout's leapin' —
Away with the so win! Away with the
reepin' —
Want to get off for a day!

—-Atlanta Constitution.

"What are the bees doing?"

"They are working hard to make

honey."

"And what is the man doing?"
"He is loafing around till the honey

is made."

"And what will he do then?"
"Bless your innocence — he'll rob tEe

bees!"— Atlanta Constitution.

118

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

June

FRICTIOX OF THE FACTIONS.

Hook, Hampshire, England, April
18. 1905.

American Bee-Keeper:

In your number for March you print
a .short article headed "Factions in tlie
Craft," which 1 hope you will i)ardon
my saying- gives a misleading view of
the position of affairs over here with
regard to foul brood legislation.

The bee-keeping industi-y both in
England and Ireland is a minor one,
and outside a very small number of
persons there is no practical interest
taken in It; therefore it is futile
to attempt to obtain legislation except
through the aid of the (Government De-
partments concerned with Agricultur-
al Industries. In p]ngland we have
the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries
with Avhom the British Bee-Keepers
Asvsociation are working in thorough
accord: in Ireland there is the Depart-
ment of Agriculture and Technical
Instruction; but. unfortunately the
Irish Bee-Keepers Association, a^s evi-
denced by their own .iournal, are utter-
ly at variance with their Department.
Now you say, "Ireland" desires cordial
co-operation (for Ireland please reatl
"Irish Bee Journal") but what co-
operation is possible between onr so-
ciety whose policy is to work in
harmony with the governing bodies in
the country, and the Irish society,
split up as it is by internal quarrels
and whose policy towaixls their depart-
ment is one of won-y. bluster and
whine? Each society has ample scope
for its energies in its own country and
can. without detriment, work inde-
pendently toward^s the same end, 1. e.,
pressing upon the government depart-
ments concerned, the need of legisla-
tion to check the spread of foul brood.

The "Bill" put forward by fhe
Bee-Keepers' As,sociation contains no
word to exclude Ii-eland, and, if passed
in its pi'esent form, would give the
Irish bee-keepers the same provi-sions

as his Scotch or English brother bee
keeper.

The April ninuber of the Irish Be^
Journal, contains the report of
Irish Bee-Keepers Association, fr
which it appears that their total
ceipts were 19 pounds, 13 shillings
pence and expenditures on printi
advertising in Irish Bee-Jourijal
stationery and postage were six
liounds. 14 shillings and one pence
the only item of the societies' vlori
mentioned in the report was a deputa^
tion to the Government Departmefit ii
Dublin. (

Hoping you may be able to to«
room for tliis statement, I am.
Yours faithfully,

Thos. I. Weston.

We "don't know," and doubt if D
Miller himself could do any better ;
answering this question. Perhai
the.y had been working on "Lw
weed," which gnoiws so abundantly i
our correspondent's vicinity. That
to sa.v, bees tJiat were in good coi
dition and would for,sake good hivi
abundantly supplietl with stores at
healthy brood, "must be crazy." TI
act seems about as freakish as son
other peculiarities which we have noF
iced in Cyprian cro-sses in Southeij'
California. If the strain of stock can

BEES' MYSTERIOUS ACTION.

Etiwanda, Cal., April 7, 190^
Editor American Bee-Keeper:

Bee-men in this vicinity had ver
poor luck bringing their bees throng
this spring. One man reports 2
w)lonies left out of 20O. Another, r<
ports IG left out of 38, and numeror
other reports show from 40 to 75 p(
cent. loss. The bees would leave tt
hives, leaving combs full of brood an
and honey all in a healthy conditio
aii]iarentl.v. Some were caught ar
returned but only could be made
stay by using an entrance guarn
Cause for this unknown as bees ha^fil
plenty of stores and were in goc
hives. Can any one give us a reasc
why they decamped and hiow to pr
vent its reoccurrence? What are IC'
seem to be doing fine and building f
fast. We had considerable cold, rair
weather during this time. Would thii
effect the bees ^so as to make them c
this?

O. F. M.

iil

1(,
irif

Iil
(nil

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

119

icil ,some of this blood, such behavior
lidukl cause no surprise. Their do-
liis are sometimes inexplicable. — Edi-

FROM AN AUSTRALIAN
READER.

Sidney, Australia. March 23. 1905.
I'nlilishers American Bee-Keeper:
I':nelosed find money order, -wi!!!
Iiich please ci'edit my subscription ac-
miit one year.

I think a great deal of your paiier,
id am always waiting for it when
10 steamers ari'ive from America. I
u ,sorry to say that owing to bush
I's and dry weather (no rain since
inc last) the honey crop in my lo-
lity has been practically a total fail-
•e, and will be so for a couple of
■ars to come, a-s the ground has been
id absolutely bare by the tremendous
I'S which we have had this past sum-

■V.

Wishing you and the American Bee-

■eper all the best of luck, I remain

Yours faithfully,

R. Nash.

Mr. Sereno F. Payne, the chairman
of the "Ways and Means Committee,
we judge is the man to wlmm this bill
should bo presented, however this i-s
only a suggestion. If the Executive
Committee of the "National Bee-Keep-
er* Association" knows of a better
way to bring it before Congress, it is
their libert^^ to do so. but we must not
delay it, as we have but a limited
time before the next session of Con-
gress to do this work in.

We pre-sume it is a good idea to dis-
cuss this question at the next Conven-
tion of the "National Bee-Keepers As-
isociation."

Very respectfully,
Henry Reddert, Secy.

FOR TARIFF REVISION.

Cincinnati. O.. April 14, 1905.

itor American Bee-Keeper:

I'he recent agitation of the increase
( tariff on Cuban ooimb honey is quite
(^ rited. judging Ijy the favorable re-
|es thiis Association has received.
We learn, from a responsible source,
tilt all foreign honey is taxed by this
(veniment twenty cents per gallon,
a twelve pounds to the gallon, no
( tmction made as to coanb honey, but
' all honey coming from Cuba, a re-

1' i-s allowed of 20 per cent off the
ff amount, leaving the tariiT rate
' nban honey sixteen cents per gal-
.■. All honey producers know it re-
Qires more honey to produce comb
hiiey tlian it does to produce extraot-
e or sti'ained honey, hence comb
liiey i-s rated too low.

t the time the tariff rate on honey
\\> fixed, no doubt there was iit<:Ie
cub honey if any on the market,
h'ce the single rate. We undenstand
ttp I'umored that a revision of the
taff is to be undertaken, at the next
8ti;ion of Congress. If so, then will be
tt time to bring a proper bill regulat-
■n the tarifE as to each kind of honey,

' b and extracted.

^Ir. Raudin succeeded in feeding
bees with white sugar in blocks. He
selected that sawed eighty blocks to
the pound as being the most conven-
ient size. As many pieces as possi-
ble were pushed down between the
combs and the others spread above,
if there was space enough. He also
reports a method of artificial swarm-
ing that has given him good results.
As soon as there is five combs of
brood in the hives, he takes one
and the adhering bees out of each
colony and makes new colonies (or
swarms) by giving each one five of
the combs. Each of these new col-
onies is put on the stand of one of the
most populous of the apiary and be-
side that fed with blocks of sugar. In
his locality, the swarms thus made
build early enough to give a satisfac-
tory surplus. — L'Apiculteur.

Before buying new supplies get the
catalogues of the various manu-
facturers, see what you think will
suit you best — if necessary write and
ask questions — and when you have
decided then buy and do not let the
matter of a few extra miles of freight
charges stand in the way. Well made
goods suited to your needs are cheap-
er than less desirable goods at lower
cost. Better send across the conti-
nent to get the desired tool than try
to put up with something you do not
like because you can get it near
home.

The mill will never grind with the
water that is parsed. — ^McCuUum.

)M) M tMt M t t I t t t t It M M t t M MMMt t MtMMt MMM

I.

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to tliis Department *re solicited from nil quarters of the earth.

4^44HMMMMMM»tM»MMM ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

GERMANY.

BEHIND THE TIMES.
Neumann says in Leipz Bztg. that
the sti-aw-skep holds its place in cer-
tain localities of Germany not because
it is S'Oi cold here making such a
warm hive necessary, but because it
is best suited to the existing con-
ditions. He does not pronounce the
straw skep an out-of-date hive by any
means and asserts that among the
bee-keepers who exclusively use it are
men of wide experience and of repu-
tation.

SHE'S A DRONE LAYER.
I. Frey has a colony of bees of Sy-
rian blood which is at no time of the
year without some drones.

a little too high for him and that 1
had ordered his supply fi-om Franc
The lady quickly told him 'very we
then, I will order my supplies fro
France also," and left him. — Leij
Bztg.

NONE TOO SOON.

It has often been recommended by
the old bee masters to induce all
colonies in early spring, when tem-
perature is favorable to take a clensing
flight: if necessary spray the bees
through the entrance with warmed
■sugar water to induce them to fly.
This old time practice is now con-
demned in Leipz. Bztg. and other bee
journals.

RULE THAT WORKS TWO WAYS.

Honey is very commionly sold in the
candied state by German bee-keepers,
but I. Monhving claims to have ob-
served that his honey in the liquid,
transparent state was always prefer-
red.

He also tells of a lady bee-keeper
who had had a ^ood city customer, a
storekeeper. She visited his store one
time and selected a number of dif-
ferent articles for purchase. She then
made inquiry as to the storekeeper's
supply of honey for the season. The
stoi'ekeeper cooly informed her that
her honey at one mark per pound was

QUEENS DIE IN THE MAILS
Freudenstein says in his paper th
last ye^r he could not fill all orde'
for long-tongued bees because t
queens, which were shipped him frc
Jamaica by one of our breeders w(
nearly all dead. He has again order
a quantity of queens from Ameri'
but he also intends to now breed th(
bees himself and is preparing for it

OBJECTS TO FLOUR.
Wolt condemns the feeding of flc
in spring on account of the flour, wt
stored in the cells, becoming hard
stome. In this condition it cannot
used by the bees, besides causing th
a great deal of unnecessary hard W(
to cut it out of the combs. Wue
says, in Die Biene: The reason ma
bee-keepers neglect to do the rij
thing at the proper time is becai
their hives are so constructed as
make an overhauling of a colony
difficult.

INVENTION OF THE EXTRACTC
The inventor of the extract
Hruschka, at lone time took
unsealed piece of honeycomb from (
of his hives and gave it to his boy
take to his mother. The comb v
lying on a plate, and this in a bael;
The bees were flying around the hoi
pretty strongly and to keep th
away the boy began to swing or wl
the basket and contents around h:
self. The father fearing for the j
cious honey grabbed it away from
boy. Upon examination he found ti
one side of the comb was empty t
the honey on the plate. This caui
him ta study on the principle invol''

its

le:

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

ud the invention of the extractor was
he result— Sohleswig. Hoist. Bztg.

BULGARIA.

FAVORS AMERICAN HIVES.

C. Betz of Rustschuck, is an interest-
iig writer, occasionally writing for the
Iferman bee journals. He is testing
ifferent hives in Bulgaria and is quite
ivorably impressed with the Ameri-
in style of hive. He is setting forth
le advantages and disadvantages of
le American and German supers quite
ubiased in Die Biene. The accessi-
ility of the American hives from the
tp only, he says, facilitates the work.
his is not conceded by the followers
' Dzierzon. Betz recommends the
merican hives for mild climate with
)od honey flows and says in cold cU-
ates and with meagre honey flows
ich a hive would mean the ruination

apiculture.

ITALY.

NOBILITY AND BEES.

An association of beekeepers for the

omotion of apiculture has been or-

nized in Italy under the name of

^derazione Apistica Italiana. Mem-

rs are required to pay an admission

ten Lira (nearly $200.) Countesse

lolina Ricciavdelli is vice-president,

lis lady of rank is actually engaged

bee-keeping, having about 100

'lonles of bees in Dadant hives. In

:02 her honey crop amounted to

:!00 pounds.— Schl. Hoist. Bztg.

HOLLAND.

The bee-keepers of Holland are
{eep, says Kvieger, in Schl. Hoist.
Itg. Nothing is ever heard of them.

BELGIUM.

UNITING COLONIES.
n uniting two colonies Mr. Sharp
■ vises to shake the bees of both
I ouies in front of a new hive. There

VI be no fight.

SUBDUING BEES.

ilr. Interim (whatever his real name
ty be) gives an article on chloro-
fming or putting bees to sleep,
i^jiong all the processes advocated. Be
Pjfers the use of saltpeter. This con-

121

sists hi dissolving saltpeter in water,
soaking some cotton rags in it and
letting them diy. They are to be used
in the smoker. Where box-hives are
used, this may be very useful. With
frame hives, much less, still cases
might arise where it would be well to
use the process. For instance, in in-
troducing queens to refractoiy colo-
nies, or to find a queen that could not
be found otherwise. The process con-
sists in smoking the bees until they
are put to sleep and fall from the
combs either on the bottom of the hive
or in box placed under the hive for
that purpose.

"TOO THIN."

A correspondent says that contrary
to the opinion generally held in
Europe, pear blossoms yield a consider-
able amount oif nectar, but that the
nectar is so thin that the bees do not
care for it except when nothing bet-
ter is available.

AND EACH WITH A VIRGIN.

Mr. Salkin reported in a convention
that he had seen two swarms come out
of the same hive within dn hour.

A HOMEMADE HIVE PAINT.
A first-class paint (?) for bee hives,
and especially hive covers is made by
mixing coal tar with lime in equal
parts. "It has no odor, does not soften
in the hot sun, makes a covering hard,
glossy, and water proof. Its gi*ay color
prevents the excessive heating that
always occurs with a very dark paint
when exposed to the sun.

PERFORATED ZINC IS BETTER.
The editor of LeRucher Beige, ans-
wering a correspondent, advises plac-
ing the frames of the super (working
for extracted honey) crosswise of
those of the brood nest to prevent to a
great extent the queen from laying in

the super.

BOHEMIA.

WARM SHOWER NEEDED.
The winter has been a hard one.
The fall of snow has been immense.
Basiueck says in March number of
Deutsche Imker that it would have to
rain boiling water for two weeks to
take the snow off by April. Many bees
are reported to suffer severely from
dysentery.

122

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

JUD

THE

American Bee=Keeper

FCBLISHED MOXTHLY.

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO.

Proprietors.

PUBLISHING OFFICE,
HOME OFFICE. - ■

Fort Pierce Fla.
Falconer, N. Y.

HARRY E. HILL,
ARTHUR C. MILLER,

- - - Editor
Associate Editor

Terms.

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Postage prepaid in the United States and
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Advertising Bates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
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tions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
twenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
fore the 15th of each month to insure inser-
tion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
for the editorial department may be addressed
to H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that yov
will not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates tb-
you owe for your subscription. Please give th
matter yo'ir early attention.

BMtorial.

A resolution, urjjins on Oo(n.2:ress the
necessity of pure food legrislation, was
passed by the R. I. Le^slature at its
recent session.

The next convention of the National
Ree-^Keeiter-s" A.ss.oieiation will be held
at ?5aii Antonio. Texas, proliably dur-
ing the latter part of October and first
of November.

Editor Abbott, of the Modern Farm-
er and Busy Bee, says: "Mi.ssouri
honey is as fine as can be produced
anywhere on this continent." Our
friends Avho have a more northerly la-
titude "on tliis continent" will "have
to show" Mr. Al)bott.

Says tlie Western Bee Jourm
"California will go on record this ye
as having harvested one of tl
heaviest crops of hiomey yet produced

Tlie Rural Bee-Keeper has advauw
its subcseription price from 50 cents
.$1.00 a year. The Rural has copi)
every new feature introduced by tJ
American Bee-Keeper during rec©
years, and ought to be worth a dollS
It is a bright little journal.

The Review says, "Experience seer
to prove that it is a diificult matter
profitably publish a good bee jourr
even if it is only a monthly, for le
than $1.00 a year." The Revit
might have added that The Americ
Bee-Keeper is a living example of t
exception to the mle.

A neatly printed label, bearing t
name and address of tlie user, is
article for wiiich all bee-keepers ha
need. Tumblers and isections of hoD
for the retail trade, are made xm
attractive by the iise of a neat lat
Ihere appears to have been «ome d
ficulty in the past about preparing
paste that would readily and p
manently adhere to glass surfao
We therefore take pleasure in lin
ing tlie attention of oiir readers to i
advertisement of the Fenton La!
Company, in this issue of The B
Keeper, as we have used many tho'
aiid-s of their gummed labels and fi
them excellent in eveiy way.

We would caution all inexperien<
bee-keepei\s who are planning to
periment with artificial swarming,
be .sure that the bees before fc
ing, are given an opportunity to
their honey sacs with honey or e
supply the new colony with 'a co;
of honey. In default of this give th
a feeder of honey and water, us:-
half and half: if the honey is v<
thick more water may be used. \
warm water in mixing and let '
mixture become quite cold before %
ing it to the bees. If honey is i
availalile, use sugar and water, tak'
lOne part of sugar to three of wal
Never iise sugar if it can be avoic
for while it is a perfectly good food
far as the bees are concerned. It gi'|<
goo<l ground for charges of feed|»'
sugar to make honey.

r.tuo.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

123

A New York City forrespoiident ex-
jdesses the wish that writers for pub-
liciitioii would refrain from the use of
slang'. The •suggestion is a good oiie,
,111(1 our (•ontril)utors are respectfully
iiMluested to eonfoirm to the wish. lie
further begs lis to "u-se capital letters,
i Instead of small loiues, for the four
seasons of the year." He gives no
rea.son for desiring thi-s change, and
none is apparent to tbe editor.

The Hamilton County Bee-keepers"
Associarion. Cincinnati, O., announced
that it had arranged to have Mr. W.
Z. Hutchin-son deliver a lecture at the

(invention rooms of the Grand hotel,
Miat city, Monday evening, :May 20,tlie
-ubject being, "The Comforts and
idnveniencas of the Apiary, in Their
lU'lation to Modern Bee-keeping and
Honey Production." Mr. W. W. Som-

iierford, of Cuba, was also to address

he meeting. Doubtless the program
ivas carried out a-s projected, and the

;0()d time anticipated, fully realized.

»lr. Sommerford's honey harvest last

^ea.^on was one hundred and forty

housand pounds.

DUPES.

It is a strange oommentai-y on the
implicit.v of bee-keepers, their blindly
nllowing biased advice, wasting
iioney on one fad after another,
\'hlle the vendors of the constantly
hhnging hives and tools wax rapidly
ich.

GRADING HONEY.

'fl "Let your honey be honestly graded,
'ut the finest next to the glass and
hen .iust Ithe (same qiialit.V' clear
hrough to the back of the case," says
V. J. Davis. Paste that where yoii
^ill always see it and then live up to
t. It is a money maker.

APICULTURE IN JAPAN.
The .Japanese equal us in many arts,
re superior to us in others, but are
ir behind us in apiculture. The
irliest record of apiculture there dat-
1 back to r.42 A. D. The practice of the
I't is •still primitive, modern methods
eing conspicuous by theu* rarity,
he Italian and Cyprian races have
3en inti'oduced and the latter is con-
dered the best, the original or "na-
ve" stock of Corean hees being the
ast valued. The annual production

of honey is estimated at about 250,-
()<>() i)oun(ls. Once let these earnest
little brown men turn their thoughts
seriously to bee-keeping and they will
lead lis a merry race.

SELECTING QUEENS.
Swarthmore has said: "Virgin
queens with broad thorax, cob-like
form and stout legs broadly vS])read, in-
variably turn out to be long lived and
prolific. Such (pieens are seldom lost
at mating time." Thils recalls the fact
it was noted as long ago as 1860 that
queens with defective legs often turned
out to 1)0 drone layers. When select-
ting queens remember Swarthmore's
words.

WHICH HONEY IS THE BEST?

This question will probably be dis-
cussed as long as individual ta-stes
differ, but mild flavored honeys will al-
ways be most popular and blended
honeys will lead among them. In New
England when the homey-flow is slow
and the combs are ttlled from many
kinds of flowers, then is the honey
most delicious. The same is known to
be tiTie in some other parts of the
country and doubtless is so every-
where Such honey keeps the palate
seeking for the elusive flavors and
never cloys it. It is blended flavors
which have made French cookery so
famous.

WHO WAS FIRST?

The Review recently had an article
from a Mr. Sibbald on what he be-
lieved to be a new method of antici-
pating swarming and at the .same time
.securing the crop of honey. In Glean-
ings for INIay 1 many pages are de-
voted to showing that the s.vstem is
not new, each writer claiming to have
originated it or used it, some so long
ago as 1901. If Mr. Sibbald chances
to rtin into that chilling reception it
may deter him from ever again ap-
pearing in print.

The kernel of the Sibbald method is
in having the forced swarm rai,se a
queen, leaving the old queen with the
parent colony; a practice which was
well known at least seventy-five years
ago. Cheer up, Mr. S., for he laughs
best who laughs last.

To Beginners: Don't expect tO' start
out as a full fledged bee — you mu«t 5e
a grub finst.

124

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June,

• OFF FOR DORSATA.

By the time this number of The Bee-
Keeper is in the hands of the reader
Prof. Benton will be oft" for a trip
around the world in quest of new
races of bees which it is proposed to
test and inti'oduee into the United
States.

The American Bee-Keeper ha,s stood
alone among the bee journals of Amer-
ica in advocating this step, and our
readers will doubtless be kept in touch
with Prof. Benton's operations during
his trip, which will encircle the globe.
The first article will appear in our
July issue.

DURING PROF. BENTON'S AB-
SENCE.

In a private letter, dated May 24,
Prof. Benton wrote:

During my absence the immediate
supervision of the experimental work
and conduct of the correspondence of
the office here will be in charge of Dr.
E. F. Phillips, late of the University
of Pennsylvania, who has recently
been appointed, at my request, a« one
of my expert assistants. Mr. Lesfie
Martin, of Tennessee, and Miss Jessie
E. ;Marks, of New York, remain in the
office to assist in the work here; while
Mr. J. M. Rankin has gone to Cali-
fornia to conduct, under the direction
oif this office, the sub-station we are
about to establish at Chico, in the Sac-
ramento valley. Part of the steno-
graphic work is also ably handled by
Mr. E. C. Wood, who wrote this letter.

anywhere near four doJlars a day^
How many of the Foul Brood laws
now in effect provide for any attempi
to ascertain the fitness and ability ol
the to-be inspector for the work? Th(
officious gentleman with his arbitrarj
powers may know far less about bees
and their diseases than bee-keepers
whose bees he may choose to condemn
but they can make no effective protesi
againet aught that he may choose tc
do.

Here is an example of the loss ignor
ance or arbitrary action may cause
"In another there are three hives lef
and if they catch the disease thej
must go." Must they forsooth? Thii
ignorant inspector decrees that anni
hilation is the only course he wiJ
allow. But to continue the quotatioD
"Just think of fifty-four hives, all ful,
of bees and honey, stacked up thre
feet wide, six high and six long an<
you have the lot that were destroys
last night, a lot the owners said cos
them ^250." Comment seems unneft
essary.

GOV. FOLK'S VETO OF THE MIS-
SOURI FOUL BROOD BILL.

Despite the unpleasant feelings and
harsh remarks against Gov. Folk and
his veto of Missouri's Foul Brood Bill,
it contains one passage of particular
value, one which the bee-keepers
will do well to bear in mind when seek-
ing legislation to control bee diseases.
The clause is this: "The inspector is
authorized to go to anyone's home and
if he should not like the way bee hives
are conducted he could, for some real
or imaginary disease, annihilate the
whole brood, leaving the owner with-
out remedy, but for all of which the
inspector would receive four dollars
a day!" This feature was quite
enough to justify the governor's action.

How many of the men who are itch-
ing for the post of inspector can earn

MISSING ESSENTIALS.

Mr. Massie's comments in the Ma
Bee-Keeper, on divisible-brood-chan
ber-hives are worthy further attentioi
Such hives if improperly constructe
permit drafts between chambers an
are then about as bad as any hive ca
be. Mr. Massie's hive is believed to t
so constructed as to avoid that an
hence has proved satisfactory. Of
times some slight and obscure fact(
spoils the proper working of tools (
systems, whereupon the principle
condemned.

If Mr. McNeal will use such hivt
as Mr. Massie does, or will protect hi
hives with cloth telescope-covers lit
Mr. Bingham's, he will probably fin
reason to modify his opinions.

b

U

SOPHORA JAPONICA.
Sophora Japonica, the autum
blooming tree mentioned in L'Ap! iU)
cu'Jteur belolngs to the gi-eat orde fcjii
Leguminosae, the one which contaii 4 s
so many good honey plants such as tb
clovers, locusts, etc. Its common nam
is Japanese Pagoda Tree. It groT? iiif
rapidly, attaining a height of 50 to 6 !t
feet and is very ornamental, the woo fc)
is hard and valuable, and the flowei
and pods enter into commerce. LJS
the rest of the Sophorae it is a natlT

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

125

of warm climates. There are three
varieties native to the Southern States,
the best known of which is the so-call-
ed "Coral Bean" of Texas. S. Japoni-
(■;} is hardy as far north as Philadel-
phia and might live farther north, in
some favored localities.

STEADILY AVE GROW.

The American Bee-Keeper has never
had a boom, but for years its list of
subscribers has steadily increased
week by week and day by day, until
today we have a delightfully healthy
list that is still on the increase at the
same old pace. A low subscription
price and cheap advertising rates, with
genuine merit behind the proposition,
have achieved this result. Thofugh this
edition of The Bee-Keeper exceeds
four thousand copies, we earnestly de-
sire to quicken the jDace of incoming
snbscribers during the remaining
months of the year, in order that we
may be able to introduce many of the

ontemplated improvements in tBe
paper. If you know of any bee-
ieepers who do not take The Bee-
Keeper, kindly assiiSt our efforts by
svriting to the Falconer, N. Y., office

"or cards and samples to be sent them.

ODORS.
Odor in its relation to bee life and
nanagement has been long overvalued.
Phere is much evidence pointing to the
)OSseSiSion by each colony of an odor
if its own, differing from that of any
>ther colony. That such odor has much
10 dio with the reception or rejection of
liens has not yet been proven. It is
rue that it has been dogmatically aij-
erted to be the case, but valid proof
still wanting. The writer recently
aw a striking example of the free-
om with which bees of different
olonies intermingle regardless of odor.
Next to the westerly end of a row of
6 colonies of black and dark hybrid
ees stood a colony of "golden"
talians, the queen of which had been
itroduced last August. There is a
Mck and high evergreen hedge north
f the row protecting it from all but
outherly winds and the pre-
ailing winds are from the south-
est. The western-most hive

lacks) had about 20 or 30
the golden bees in it. The golden
lony which stood next, had perhaps
8 many black bees in it. The colony

next east of the gotldens had a very
large number of goldens, while each
succeeding hive had a lesser number
until the last, which was over 100 feet
ea^st of the golden stock, had but abo«t
a dozen.

If odor possesses the importance
ascribed to it, there should have been
few or no golden bees in the other col-
onies and also there should have been
many dead golden bees in front of
each, but there were none.

Perhaps the bees of this apiary had
lost their smellers.

TRUTH WILL PREVAIL.

"But of all plagues, good Heaven,
thy wrath can send, Save, save, oih
save me from the candid friend"
which same the League may aptly
quote to the following which appeared
as a double-column heading to an in-
spired article in the Boston Globe of
May 4 last:

"500,000 BEES ON A CITY ROOF."

Mr. F. H. Farmer has an extensive
apiary on the top of his four-story
building on Friend St. He feeds them
on sugar served in the form of a sy-
rup."

Let the Leaguers still their wrath and
rail not, for they have none but them-
selves to blame if it is not just as
they would have it. Theu* foremost
men have long proclaimed sugar feed-
ing as the sine qua non of successful
apiculture and now their candid friend,
the reporter of the public press, has
told the world tliereof. They asked
publicity and forsooth they are get-
ting it in good measure, well heaped
up, pressed down and running over.
Let the good work go on until the
accursed practice is stamped deep into
the nether regions.

ORANGE BLOSSOM HONEY.

Pro. Cook, in Gleanings, says they
have it in Southern California, that it
is white and of exquisite flavor. He
says, however, that orange blossom
honey "will never have any commer-
cial importance, any more than will
that from fruit in the East," and ex-
plains that it is not that the nectar
is not plentiful in the flower but that
the colonies are too weak thus early in
the spring to store much surplus.

The professor's theory may be
thoroughly satisfactory to himself, and
to others who may not have observed

126

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Juue,

closely in this connection; but in
view of the fact tliat bees store con-
siderable sui-i>lus in South Florida
from still earlier sources, yet, in our
experience, gain hardly anything at all
in weight from the orange blossom,
we incline toi the belief that the nec-
tar is not there.

By the way, did not some of our es-
teemed correspondents promise to
convert the editor this season to a be-
lief in orange blossom honey, by
sending him a sample of the goods"?
We are quite willing to "take the evi-
dence" in this matter.

This is

"BEE-KEEPING."

This is the title of Farmer.s' Bulle-
tin No. 59, by Prof^ Frank Benton,
just issued by the Department of Ag.
riculture and now available for dis-
ti-il)ution to those wlnoi apply. The
edition comprises ten thou-sand copies
and the work has been thoroughly re-
vised, and enlarged from 32 to 48
pages. The following list of headings
will serve to indicate the additions
that have been made in the revised
edition:

Page 10-11 : Overstocking.

Page 12: Value of bees in pollina-
tion.

Page 14: Relative gentleness of
races.

Page IG-IO: The variouvS races of
bees.

Page 21-22: Adding bees to natural
swarms.

Page 23: Shaken or biii-shed
swarms.

Page 27: Russian, or hairy vetch.

Page 28: Sulla, or sulla clover.

Page 32: Clomb foundation, not
artificial comb.

Page 34: ComI) honey not manufac-
tured.

Page 42-43: Utilizing brood and
honey from diseased colonies.

Page 43-44: Bee paralysis.

I'age 46-47: Legislation affecting
apiarian interests.

Page 47: Apiarian .ioumals.

While most of om- readers will, no
doubt, avail themselves of the oppor-
tunity to procure a copy of Bulle-
tin 59, and read it for then%selves. we
cannot refrain from quoting a para-
gi-aph therefrom, in regard to the mat-
ter of "Overstocking." as Prof. Ben-
ton so clearly states the exact point
which our old friend, Pat, so earnestly
endeavored to proclaim through The

Bee-Keeper a few years ago.
it:

The danger of overstocking a given
locality is veiy frequently exaggerated,
Each range, it is self-evident, has a
limit. The writer is, however, fuUj
convinced, after long experience in
numerous localities and under tJi«
most varied circumstances, that thre„^.
or four times as»many colonies a-s are
comimonly considered sutiicient tc
stock a given range may usually b€
kept with a relative degree of profit
But to secure such results sutiicieni
care and close observation have toe
frequently not ))een given in the selec-
tion of bees adapted to the locality an<3
conditions. A more frequent failun
has been lack of proper attention t(
the individual colonies, particularly as
to the age and character of the (pieens
in each. The space given for brooc'
is often too small and frequentlj
no care is given to -secure tht
proper anumnt of brood in time toi in
sure a i)opulation ready for each har!
vest. Attention to these points woulo
enable great numbers of bee-keeper.'-
who now regard 50 to 100 colonies an
fully stocking their range toi read'
several hundreds in a single apiary i
with slight or no diminution in th<'
average yield per colony.

Am

m

A NEW "BEE-BOOK."
We have received a coiiiy of Coin
mercial Queen Rearing, wliich is th«
third in a series of papers on apicui
ture. hy "Swarthmore." It is beailti
fully illustrated— several of the phot*
reproductions being in arti-stic colffl
effects, and its forty odd pages are fM
ed -sA-ith matter that is at once vei*y in,
teresting and profitable reading foi
every one engaged in the pursuit o:
bee-keeping. Hiofw Mv. Pratt secures
SO to 128 of the finest queen cells froH
a colony, is concisely but briefly stat
ed. What "Swarthmore" does n<y
know about this queen rearing busi
ness. "isn't worth while," and his rfr
markable success in the business is 8
logical result of his peculiar adaptabili-
t.\- and characteristic enterprise.

Whether tlie Honey Producers
League proposes to place its publicity
direct or through some agency, W€
have not seen stated. Do the brofeers
come in for a "rake off" on this pro
position?

h

I''"i5. THE AMERICAN

AN UNJUST TKAIT OF "HUMAN
NATURE."
The N. Y. Tribune has recently rais-
ed the ire of some of our contenii)orar-
ies by failing to correct articles on
• Klnlteratlon ,to suit the complain^
jiiit's view.s. One editor says: "It is
not likely that so able a periodical as
the N. Y. Tribune is desirous to mis-
lead or misstate and the probability is
that when the statement was made it
wa-s believed to be correct. Having
iieeu made it is only human nature
10 give full weight — ami a little un-
hie weight — to anything found to
lavor such statement." Tliis expres-
sion of "human nature" has for many
real's been a very pronounced practice
if one of the complainants and it has
ihvays been impossible tO' make him
;ee its in.iustice. Now that it is I'sed
igainst him he may perhaps obtain a
dimp.se of the point of view of hi-s
ictim,s.

Fault is also found because the
"ribune says: "Another patented
iiethod. according to the invento*-, will
ii'oduce a comb in every respect re-
rmbling natural comb built by the
I'cs." According to the past publica-
ions of one of the complainants, they
ave made .such comb and control that
atent.

We belie-se the Tribune lias done
rell to arouse public suspicion of bot-
led honeys containing a bit of comb.
> little more doubt cast upon a custom
onimonly used to deceive, should do
1)0(1 rather than harm, for the public,
h-eady suspicious of all their foods,
elieving their beef to be "embalmed''
ud fearing arsenites on their fruits
nd vegetables, can hardly be made
lore su-spiciou«. So long as bee-keep-
I's continue to feed hundreds of tons
f sugar to their bees just so long w^Ill
lere Ije good grounds for charges
uainst the puritj^ of honey. The
inverted and stored syrups may be
lemically invert sugars and a.s whole-
mie a,s honey yet it is noit the nectar

flowers gathered by bee-s from Na-
ire's own laboratories. It is claimed
lat syrup veiy seldom finds its way
to the surplus honey combs. The
ipe is only too often the father of the
louglit and the proof stops there,
'ithin a year some of the apicultural
■ess has seriou-sly considered the use

glycerine for keeping honey liquid,
Inch is naught else than adulteration.

BEE-KEEPER.

127

The Rural Bee-Keeper says that
"Wisconsin produces the best clover
and basswood honey in the world."
Wonder if that's really so?

Though dur venerable friend, Dr. O.
M. iUanton, of Mississippi, has been
quite indis])osed during the past win-
ter, we are pleased to learn that he is
again actively engaged with the bees.
We hope to present an interesting
lettei- from that quarter in our next
issue.

The word, "queenright," as opposed
to "queenless," in reference to a colony
of bees seems to be establishing itself
in the apiarian vocabulary. If we
mistake not, the credit for having in-
troduced this adjective belongs to our
staff correspondent, Mr. F. Greiner.
Others are now "introducing" it.

I don't care to meet the man who
has never made a mistake, for that in-
fallible individual has likely never
made anything else. — H. Macaulay.

Honey and Beesivax Market.

Cincinnati, May 8.— The demand for honey
has increased quite a bit since our last quo-
tation, which is due, probably, to the con-
cessions made in prices to affect sales, as well
as the awakening of the spring trade.

We quote amber extracted honey in barrels
at iVz to 6i,^c, according to quality. White
Clover and fancy extracted honey at 6 and
lyic. Comb honey has seen its season. Bees
wax wanted at 29c cash.

The Fred W. Muth Co.

51 \\'ahiut Street.

Chicago, May 8. — With April about all the
trade in comb honey ceases so far as this
market is concerned, occasionally a case sells,
but no lots, so that prices now are practi-
cally without change, pending the new crop.
Extracted is exceedingly slow of sale; white
ranges from o'/i to 7c, and amber 5^ to 6c,
according to flavor, quality and package.
Beeswax in active demand at 30c.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 South Water Street.

Boston, May 9. — There is no change to
note, in condition of honey market, from that
of our letter of April 24th.

Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

Buffalo, N. Y., May 13.— Though the supply
of honey is quite liberal the demand is good
considering the lateness of the season. We
quote our market today: Fancy comb, 12 to
13c. No. 2, 9 to lie. No. 3, 7 to 8c. Bees-
wax, 28 to 32c. Honey surely should be sold
now. Common has to be cut and pushed
hard to effect sales. Fancy sells very well.
Batterson & Co.

Denver, Colorbdo, May 13.— Though the
demand for honey is a little better than it
has been, the supply is greater than the local
demand. We quote our market today: No. 1,
per case (24 sections) $2.20 to $2.40. No. 2,
$1.75 to 2.00. Extracted, &V2 to 7J4 cents. Bees-
wax in demand at 25 to 28 cents.

Colorado Honey Producers' Ass'n,
1440 Market St.

Kansas City, Mo., May 14. — There is a
better feeling in the comb honey market, but
the season is getting late and there are somq
signs of granulation. The supply is good,
with fair demand. We quote our market to-
day: Comb, per case (24 sections,)$1.50 to
$2.00. Extracted, 4 1-2 to 6 l-2c. Beeswax,
28c. C. C. Clemmons & Co.

Laws can discover sin, but not re-
mo^' e it. — Milton.

In great attempts it is glorious even
to fail. — Longinus.

No man is free who is not master
of himself. — Epictetus.

Who bravely dares must sometimes
risk a fall.— Smodlett.

People do not lack strength, they
lack will. — Shakespeare.

If the outlook is gloomy, keep smil-
ing. Half the troubles of life are di.«!-
sipated by cheerful courage.

^fc'l

VxutuwVf ^Ufmi ow \\\e
devcXovcA. V>vj n\v^^e\s jot

t(\\v^ <v»t Vvikve out vjouritlj?

J. "£. fVw^ttxitTotiPwtte.Tv*..

BEES AND POULTRY

This Offer Holds Good Only

Two Months from date hereof

A Bee Journal and a setting of choice eggs
from thoroughbred stock for $1. Ou. The
Rural Bee-Keeper (one year old) is a new
monthly journal devoted to the interests of
bee-keepers

Every bee-keeper can get the value of his
money. There are articles by the best writers
known, upon all subjects pertaining to bee
cnlt^ire.

SUPERIOR FOWLS

Eggs that hatch from hens that Lay

No expense has been spared to secure pure
stock. We offer you a choice of 7 (seven)
breeds as follows:
Barred Plymouth Rock,
Buft' Plyniouth Rock,
White Plymouth Rock,
Black I^angshang,
White Wyandotte.

The price of the eggs alone is $1.00 per set-
ting [18]. But we want subscribers for the
"Rural Bee Keeper" which is 50 cents a year,
and we will sell you both for 11.00. Orders
filled in rotation We have 25 layiiig hens of
each breed except the Black Laugshangs of
which we have seven.

Please indicate a second choice in case we
have more orders of one kind than we can fill.
We can sell but one setting of eggs at this
rate, and only as a premium for the "Rural
Bee Keeper." If you want more settings you^
can have them at $1.00 per setting straight.

Address,

W. H. PUTNAM, River Falls, Wis.

i

Buff Coacben,
Buff Leghorn,
Brown Leghorn,
Light Bramas,

Are You Looking
for a Home?

A

It so send for a copy of The Farm and
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
tised in it from nearly every state in the
Union; also city property of all kinds and
stocks of goods for sale or exchange. So
that anyone looking for a home or a loca-
tion can find anything he wishes in this
Journal. It reaches 33.000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
mediums to reach the farmer and home-
seeker. Advertising rates 2o per word
for small ads, or $1 per inch single column
each insertion. Send 75c and we will
mail you the Journal for one year, or for
10c in silver or stamps we will send it for
two months' on trial And Journal will
be stopped at the end of two month* if
you don't renew. No copies sent free.
H-Peb. tf

Farm & Real Estate Journal

Traer, Tama Co, Iowa

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE TEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

\T J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
V • breeder of choice Italian Bees and
ueens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

-vEWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHEREKS-
■^ Reared under swarmiuglmpuisethrough-
ut the year. Large, strong, health » . Send
jr Card. "Can 1 Coutiol !^wal•ming'-Original.
ntested, $1.00. 4 for S5 00; tested ^l-.W, 6 for
'.50, Choice $:i.50. High-grade breeders, 15
)«10. E. H. DEWEV. Gt. Harrington, Mass.

•\UEENS HERE. We are still asking you to
^ give us your trade. We sell Italians. Goldeus
id Caruiolans at 75c for untested and $1.00 for
sted. Prices on quantities and nuclei upon ap ■
ication.John W. Pharr, Berclair, Texas. Jan6

WARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
_ MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
ightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
laranteed. Correspondence in English,
rench, German and .Spanish. Shipments to
I parts of the world.

W. GARY & SON, LYONSVILLE,
MASS., Breeders of choice Italian bees
d queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
over strains. Catalog and price list free.

CORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-
each year. Those who have tested them

ow why. Descriptive circular free to ail.

rite J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

ONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
08. Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 6

-THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
* Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDIxnA, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

DJ. BLOCHKR, Pearl City, 111., breeder of
• Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our stock
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock guar-
anteed. Free information. Jan. 6

f AWRENCE C. miller, box 1113,
L PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^' (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
J has g:reatly enlarged ard improved his
queen-rearing bcilities. Two unrelated Cat-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's*
golden; all selects. Q.miolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

PNIC BEES, All other races are dis- QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an
carded, after trial of these wonderful
!S. Particulars post free. John Hewitt &
, Sheffield, England. Jan 6.

^ exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Bellevue, Ohio. (5-5)

HONfY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

t^~Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can i
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._jgl

OHIO.

COLORADO.

C. H. VV. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS
ASS'N, 1440 Market St, Denrer, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South Watei
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

Cent'a=Word Column.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
ing Concern, Falconer, N. Y.

25 LATEST improved Langstroth Bee Hives
for sale, complete ready for use and well
painted. Inquire, of Frank G. Shimer, Mar-
tins Creek, Pa., for prices and particulars.

June 5

WA!S^TKD— To exchaiiKe microscopical ob.iects,
llowcrand garden seeds, gas generators, bicycle,
books, silverware, etc.. for bees, queens, honey,
supplies, etc. C. W. UNGER, Taftville. Conu.
June 5.

THE BUnY MAN'S METHOD OP REARING
GOOD QUEENS— This leaflet describes tlie
method used in rearing the Hardy Honey
Gatherers (re^id elsewhere), and if carefully
followed will produce queens of grent merit.
No loss of brood, no cell-cups, and but
little time required. Large queens under
swarming impulse. Ni 'thing artiHc;ial about
it. Every queen-breeder needs it. Price 2")
ceots. E. H.DEWEY, Gt. Barrington. Mass.

ITALIAN AND Carniolian Queens. The
Bankston Baby Nucleus and the Bankston
nursery cage. Untested queens 50 cents
each; tested 75 cents. Baby nucleus, nailed
ready for use, 35 cents. Nursery cage, 35
cents by mail with printed instructions.
C. B. Bankston, Milano, Milam County,
Texas. July 5.

INCREASE is a handsome little book tell-
ing how to form new colonies without
breaking working stocks. A simple, sure
satisfactory plan. 25c. Baby Nuclei tells

how to mate many queens from section;
with a mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 2l
pictures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queen
and queen rearing outfits for sale. Golde*
all-over and Caucasian Queens. Circulam
free. E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

n r^='

IWATERTOWN,

WIS!

MAKES THE FIN EST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIE

Watertown, Wis.

Eastern Agents; Fred W. Muth Co , Cincinnaji
Ohio, 51 WalniU .Street; C M. Scott & Co., India||
apolis, Ind , 1004 E Washington St., Norris
Anspach, K ntou, Ohio, Cleaver & Greene, Trcf
Penn.

Bee=Keepers' Supplies

1 i/a story 8 frame L-Hive % 1

No. 1 sections Bee-way, per 1000 4 I

Plain 8 |

No. 2, £c less.
24 lb. Shipping Cases, per 100 13 I

Berry Baskets, Hallock Boxes, Crates, et|
kept in stock and sold cheap. Send for list.

W. D. SO P E R

R. F. D. No. 3. Jackson, Mil

Our Special Premium Offer.

AVo have be n succ ssful in closing- a contract with tne Selden Pen M Ig
Co., of New ^ork, wher.-by for a limited time we
caa supply a guaranteed

$2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

'«THE CElTRIC model i"

and The American Bee Keeper on • year for only 90 CENTS, t) ev ry
subscriber, OLD o- NEW. The pe^i will be forwarded immediately up-
on receipt of tbe mon-v. It is made of the best quality o hard rubber
in four parts, and fitted with a guaranteed irridium-point d 14-k GOLD
PEN. The ' fountain" is throughout of the simplest construction and
cannot get out of order, overttow, or ail to supply ink to the nib.

*'A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with tlie iiicoiivenieut inkstand and is always ready for use.

'TUP r^PI TDir^ IVlOr^PI 1' bears the manufacturer's guarantee that
1 nC V^CLirVlV^ lyiKJUCL. l the pen is solld gold, 14-k Sne. If it does
not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or return the fifty
cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an uuusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article of superior
quality that is cominu; to be essential to the comfort and convenience of every one who
writes. REMEMBER that the olfer is for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

I-Special Notice
to Bee-keepers.

[boston

Money in Bees lor You
Cata'og Price on

Root's Supplies

f Catalog for the Asking

F. H. FARMER, 182 FRIEND STREET,
BOSTON, MASS.

Up First Flight —

'ENTS

YOU CAN DO IT

AGENTS

^ (lallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
I liou^. Quick sellers. Big money.
^ite at once. Special ten-itory
- f u. Largest Medallion Co. in the
\irkl. Agents" supplies. Novelties
I to-date. Write now.
Universal Manufacturing Co.,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Read This and Do It QuicK

All One
Year $1.40.

Without
Gleanings
80 Cents

The Modern Farmer,
Green's Fruit Grpwer,
Agricultural Epitomist,
The Mayflower and
Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbs,
Gleanings in Bee Culture,
American Bee-Keeper.
Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper. 50c
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Three Thousand Gummed
Labels for $1.00

1x3 inches, printed to your order, and
postpaid. Send for catalog, showing dif-
ferent sizes and styles.

FENTON LABEL CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

PROVIDENCE
QUEENS

FOR BIG HONEY CROPS

REARED BY THE MILLER SYS-
TEM. 63» IT IS THE BEST Y'ET,
NEW CATALOG ON REQUEST. ^5*

e^

Lawrence C. Miller

p. 0. Box 1113

H-tf

Providence, R. I.

Three Months for Only 20 Ce}its,
To a A eiu Subscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established

1861

It is the only iueekly_ bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial tri/>
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. YorK ® Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

i

"Polly, I Love But You," words and music
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm Frou
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting a
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man o
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Mi
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popula
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid fo
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupe
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning i
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVER*

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENi

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's, Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING d

Dept. H. D. Grand Rapids, Mid

5eeswax
Vanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
ents in goods for good quality of
ieeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
If you have any, ship it to us at
nee. Prices subject to change with-
ut notice.

'HE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mention
le American Bee-Keeper.

R

iCG

and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a contiBuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

w Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
:lair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

hoii.d haTC a copy of

'he Amateur Bee-keeper,

page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written «•'
ally for amateurs. Second •dition just o»'
t edition of 1,000 sold in less thaa two year*
or York says: "It is the finest littl* book pub-

d at the present time." Price 24 centa; by

28 cents. The little book and

6 Progressive Bee-keeper,

re, progresaiTe, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
for 6dc. Apply to any first-class dealer, vt

- 4HY MFG- CO„HitgiM^u.,M..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^^^^ to raise
Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journa

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St., MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addi>BS in the U. S. A. one
year for ]n eents, providing you
n» intion American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
F arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
f ry and Fashion. It's the best pa-
y>er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gcrrish. R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will sare freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

rv family

MAGAZINE.

It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for I Year for 10c.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicasjo.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy uf THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmen
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yo(u the,
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents
silver or stamps we will send you th«
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRABR, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigc
ous stock in prime condition f
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY Ol

Box 66 MONROE, MICH

i

HeadQuarters ^r Bce-Supplie

^Complete Stock for 1905 Now on Hand

Freiii lit rates from Cini-imirtli :iri' tlie lowest— fspecially tor tlie South.

Prompt Service is What I Practice. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

^■|lll will ?avi- moni'V hu.viiiu! frdui iiie, Ciitaloj; mailed free.

HONEY AND BEESWAX WANTED PAY CASH ON DELIVERY

VKrPPt\(^r nf OllPPnc * Gulden Italian, Red Clover and Carniolaus—
Ui ctu^i ui yu^^lis -, |Y,j prices refer to my catalog.

Office and Salesrooms— 2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses — Freeman and Central Aves.

CRm.meber.

CINCINNA
OHIO.

j.GENTS Wanted "waThTng'iviachines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

dl they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
i' cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

»^^ *-.

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Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
1 ruit growing unless you read it.

lalaiice of this year free to new
.iscribers.

THE FRUITMAN,
u Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

^^HLRU^^U^

\i\ve«c «'mvct_«uvAe«» anA
^tWvv 4toW»jn>^ Ate vc»v( y»o\kVftbVe,-

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, whick
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. F. & J. BARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford.lU.

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Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wig.,

General Manager and Treasurei

ABooa
Fof

MtrrKeer'T!!

flow we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Ilhtgtrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keeperc' Acc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses eve:' month for one year. Worth 25
cts, sent to you for lie. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers withyoiu: order. Address,
6. (9. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Cllntonville. Conn.

PROMPTNESS

At this season of the year the liee keepers need supplies. It's impc
ant. In the Northern States it will.soon be .swarniing- time and the hoii
flow. AVe have reduced, for bee-keepers, time between mailing of order a
leceipt of goods. With 10 branches and hundreds of agencio.s in all the pr,
cipal bee and railroad centers. Root's Goods aro in easy reach of every h
keeper with the least expense in fieiglit charges and time in transit with f
stocks oif goods and trained helpers your order has the best possible
tention. Don't delay another day in placing your order!

A B C OF BEE-CULTUR

One Hundredth Thousand

The bee-keeper who fails to have a copy of the'
B C of Bee Culture in his library is failing to '
up to his opportunities, in keeping posted on bee
ture. The price is no 'Oibstacle for it will more tl
pay for itself in saving exi)ei>^ive mistakes and i
worth twice w'lat is asked for it. Written in
cyclopedic style which makes it an index by itseUj
that any part can be instantly found. If you li
lieen keepiiig bees all your life the book is a si |
house from which you can gather much help anc
yoiu are a beginner it i,s simply invaluable,
book is printed on the pest paper and profusely |
Jnstrated. Ov 'v 500 double column pages. V
m.20 po^st paid.

S E

C

ri^

O IV

Our sections are the leaders. Having an investment of thousands |
dollars in special automatic machinery we are able to turn out a proiduct,
for quality, finish, workmanship and accuracy cannioit be excelled,
sections are polished in a double surface sanding machine, and the resulj
uniform quality and the same absolute thickness from end to end. Our
tions are made from the choicest, clearbasswood lumber free froim deff j
Full stock in all branches and agencies. For prompt shipment try KG I

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prefer it to Harper's. Munsey's, Ladies' He
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Located in the Heart of the Cel-
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DES MOINES, IOWA

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

Imported Carniolan Queens.

A limited number of choice IMPORTED CAR-
NIOLAN QUEENS will be disposed of during
July and succeeding months. I shall be in Car-
niola during July making these shipments, which
will be distributed from Washington, D. C. Price
Select Imported Queen $4.00. Write for rates for
three queens or more. Address, July 5

RALPH BENTON, 925 N St. N. W„ Washington, D. C.

BARNES'

Foot Power Machinery,

This cut represents our
Combined Machine, wbicfa
is the best machine made
for use in the construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
VV. F. & J. BARNES CO..
913 Ruby St., Rockford.Hl

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THE MONTHLY

2126 Brainard St., New Orleans,

f

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

I The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
I Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
land publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
JBEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
lof the equator.

ISampIe copy And 64-pftge cataloeue. FREE

tj-tr

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Pineapples, Oranges, Qrape Fruit

ake a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners
and Intending Settlers in the

ively Lake Region of South Florida.

10 er cent, annual return on investment.
Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
le and oak land, bordered by fresh water
:es, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
od title. Time payments. Address for de-
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r Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

..teot Wired Comb FonDdatton

has no sag in brood frames.

' in Flat Bottom FoQidatioi

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey,
ieing the cleanest is usually worked the
c ckest of any foundation made. The talk
J'Ut wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish
jiVired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper
si not half the trouble to use that it is to
' e brood frames,
irculars and sample free.
J. VAN DEUSEN £ SONS,
Sole Manufacturers
?)ntgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. 1.

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scribe. The first issue may find you a buyer

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^

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your business direct to Washington, <
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to TJ. S. Patent Office. FREE prellmln-
' ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent i
I is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN— 19 YEARS <
[ ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," <
^etc. Bent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers '
(receive special notice, without charge, in the]

INVENTIVE AGE

(illustrated monthly — Eleventh year — terms, $1. a year. '

918 FSt.. N. W,,
washington, d. c.

E.G.8IGGERS,

H' Tf If, eingha:
_ ^ has made all tlie im-

/ provementd in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in ilie last 20 years, undowljtodly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too largt sent
postpaid, per mail ..J;i 50

3!^ inch i.io

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch I.OO

2U inch 90

r. F.Bingham, ?'."':'\„--- :■• •'■o

Farwell, Mich. L.ttle^Vonder, 2.n. .65

PHOTOGRAPHS

Scenic Productions and NOVEL
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Many Northern Publishers are
using our half-tone copy. Most
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views on the Florida Coast.

$ Florida

^ Fort Pierce

Photographic Concern, g
Florida. S

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS. WORTHINOTON.

LEOTA, MISS.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mull. Safa Arrival Guarantaad.

PR.IOS1S. ONc SIX Twci

Untastad ^ - SO. 75 ,S4.00 ST.

Salact Untastad 1.00 . 5.00 . 9

Tastad 1.50 8 00 15.

Saiact Taatad .2.00 10 00 18.

Salact Braadars, aaeh ■ S3-00

Two-frama Nucleus and Rad Clovar Quean 3.00

THE FRED W.MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

QUEENS AND BEES

Have you ever tried, my queens? If not, I should be glad to
have vou do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PE RFECT SATISFACTION.

I have three-banded It alians, Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. TVo-framed nuclei a specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-5tf

AHEAD OF SHOOK-SWARMINU

The Miircli Review is iiow in process of pre-
paration, and will be out about the middle of
tlie month. One article in this issue will be
by H. O SibbHld of Canada, and he will des-
cribe a new system of management that prom-
ises to be away ahead of shook-swarming.
It has these Md vantages: No shaking of the
bees; no handling of the brood; no possibility
of the c|ueen being in the wrong hive; no dan-
ger of after-swarming; no increase unless
desired ( but easy to secure if wanted ); no
queen cells to hunt up ai.d destroy; yet the
whole force of bees may be kept together the
whole season, and each colony may be re-
queened with a queen from a naturally built
cell.

This is only a single article in one issue r
the Review, but it is a fair sample of what yo
aie losing if you don't read the Review, and c
what you wiil gain if you read it. Send81.(
for the Review for 1905; Or if you prefer, yo
can send ten cents, and when the March issuj,
is out it will be sent to you, and the tej
cents may apply on any subscription senti|
Quring the year

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Michl

Vol. XV

JULY, 1905.

No. 7

I&

Mcnepsucl?lee.

i

'I

|[^E TWINE with myriad blooms
^ The pillared portico;
Ye scent with rare perfumes
The airs that round me blow.

Sweet darlings of July.

The droning honey bee,
The moth and butterfly,

All come a-wooing ye.

And, a capricious lover
The brilliant humming bird.

Doth sip and hum and hover,
And flit as soon as heard.

Here in these honied hours
I lounge and dream, at ease,

Of elflands fabled bowers
And the Hesperides.

— Selected.

130 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. July,

A SEARCH FOR FOREIGN RACES OF BEES

And Valuable Honey-Producing Plants — The Giant Bees of the East^
Megapis Dorsata and Megapis Zonata*

Editor Amei'ican Bee-Keeper:

THE plans whicji I have proposed
at various times to the JDepart-
ment of Agriculture looking to
the securing of the large bees of the
East, have finally been put in such
shape as to be acceptable to the De-
partment, and I am about to under-
take the investigation of these bees
as to the pos-sibility of their domesti-
cation and ntilization in some part
of this country, or at least to settle
if possible the question as to whether
they are of any value v^'hatever.

Incidentally in connection with this
work there are other things which
may likewise be undertaken, such as
the procuring of select queens of var-
ious European races. Italians. Carni-
olans, Dalmatians, and Banater bees
from Hungary. Then a good supply of
the gentle Caucasians will be forward-
ed direct from the Caucasus to the De-
partment for use in breeding these
bees in the Department apiary and al-
so to be tested at various state ex-
periment stations. Eastward from the
Caspian sea in the province of Trans-
caspia and along the caravan i-oute
through Afghanistan and on through
all of northern India there are num-
erous races, and even distinct species,
of honey bees that are certain to prove
of gi-eat interest and very possibly of
much value.

Thei'e are also possibilities in the
way of honey-producing plants which
may also have great economic value
in othei; directions.

From Calcutta I shall proceed by
Avater, stopping only at Singapore, to
Manila, and -shall spend some time in
diffei-ent portions of the Philippine Is-
lands learning all I can of the bees in-
digenous to that great archipelago.
The large bees will of course be
brought under actual test and observa-
tion before any are shipped away. If
deemed advisable both colonies and
queens will eventually be forwarded
by way of the Pacific to California.

It will afford me pleasure to fu-nish
from time to time some account of

the progress which I am making ijii
connection with this undertaking. The
journey will be begun .Tune 3, on
which date I sail by the Amcn'icaii
line S. S. "Merlon" for Liverpool, gO'
ing immediately after landing there to
London, and thence after a -short delay
only to Paris, and southeastvvard
through Germany, Switzerland, Iti)ly,
and on to Constantinople by way oi
Vienna. A number of apiarian es-
tablishments, as well as the publica-
tion offices of some of the bee jouriiars
of Europe, will be visited on 1hi«
.iotirney. After these pleasant diver
sions on the way, the dash eastwarc
through the \>ald regions of tlie Cau
casus, Ti-ans-caspia, and Afguanistai
will take two months or more, aui
nearly an equal length, of time wil
be given to the investigation In lu
dia, and a still longer time to th'
work in the Philippines.

AVith kind greetings, I rem.-ii.i,
Yours very truly,

FRANK BENTON,
In Charge of Apicultur(
U. S. Department of Agriculturt

Washington, D. C, May 24, 1905.

INVERSION.

The Old Plan to Prevent Swarming Again In Use.

By E. H. Dewey.

MY WORK on a few colonies las
season necessitated a ten-mil
drive once a week over unfavoi
able hilly roads so my actual workin
hours in the apiary were few.

The gentleman whose bees I wa
looking after, purchased a number o
swarms in huge boxes early in th
season and when driven out crowde
a "Danz" body. He purchased a nup
ber of queens from many of the mos
prominent breeders — not high price
queens, but the common tested kind-
to determine the relative value^ o
"long tongues," "red clover" strain,!
"golden" and "banded" and any othe
freak catch trade-name. One quee

132

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July,

in particular showed wonderful re-
sults, and signs of swarming appeared
after two supers bad been removed.

I wisbed to make a record from tbis
queen and it could not be done if left
to tbe coachman or the gardener who
generally caught those swarms that
did not escape.

When the swarming condition was
noted there were several sealed queen
cells and many in all stages. A thun-
der shower was coming up and a ten-
mile drive with several «warms to
examine made me think fast, and I
determined to try a scheme that had
haunted me for some time. Tbe ten
frames and tbe followei*, thanks to
tbe accuracy of tbe manufacturer, ma-
terially assisted me; fitting tbe Interior
of the hive "like tbe paper on the
wall," I pried the entire body free
from the bottom board and turned it
completely over — "der attic where der
cellar vas," as Schmidt, the poultry-
man, suggested as he removed a sting-
er from his nose.

Three other swarms were j:reated in
like manner, tbe supers being replaced.
On my next visit I found all tbe cells
that had been built on my previous
visit bad been destroyed by tbe bees
with the exception of one and in this
sealed cell was a dead queen. How-
ever, another batch of cells had been
prepared. Tbe supers were again re-
placed, after the bodies had been
turned over again and tbe following
week these cells were destroyed. Af-
ter tbe third ti'ial tbe honey flow
stopped for a time and I bad no more
trouble from these swarms which
went into winter quarters loaded with
bees and honey and came out tbis
spring almost as strong.

Some will say you may be able to
reverse a Danz body but bow about
hives with Hoffman frames? My ex-
perience with Hoffman frames inclines
me to believe that they would stick
together if tbe hive was thrown from
tbe top of tbe barn.

However, a channel one-half inch
square and three inches long could be
cut in the sides of the hive and a
one-fourth inch iron rod passed over
tbe frames. Tbe ends, which had been
bent at right angles to tbe bar, could
be passed under a staple in this chan-
nel and any kind of hive be made to
be inverted.

Gt. Barrington, Mass., Mch. 6, 1905.

ODOR THEORY OUT OF ORDER.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

IS ODOR an important factor in
queen introduction? I believe not.
Two systems of queen inti'oductlon
are in use, one based on tbe theory
that a queen when confined in .a col-
ony for a sufficient time acquires the
supposed odor of the colony and hence
when liberated is received as a part
of it, and the other in which the
queen is turned into tbe colony with-
out previous contact with it. Both
systems fail at times. The theory that
a colony possesses an individual and
distinctive odor is an old one, the ori-
gin of which is obscure and proof of
its truth decidedly wanting. Long ago
apiarists practiced sprinkling bees of.
different colonies, with scented syrup
before uniting them, and tbe success
following such treatment was attribut
ed to the imparted scent. But i1
should be noted that tbe instruction*
always called for sweetened water
Is it the scent or the sweet thai
operates ?

Another rule says smoke the bees
vigorously and a peaceful union ii
assured, success being attributed t<
the smoke biding or overpowering th<
natural odors. Any one who is Ta
miliar with the pertinacity and strengtl
of animal odors will appreciate th'
absurdity of such claims.

Another rule says shake the bees o
both colonies to be united into a hea
before a hive and let them crawl i:
together, the peaceful union being a1
tributed to the excitement causing th
bees to ignore or fail to notice alie:
odors. One would think from sue
statements that bees reasoned abou
tbe matter. If an odor causes one be
to attack another, it should be as opei
ative when the bees are shaken togett
er as at any other time.

Bees from adjacent hives often Ii
termingle, which would not occur i
odor played any important part i
the recognition of one by anothe:
Bees of one colony not infrequentl
set up a quiet, systematic stealing froi
one another, and the thieves pass fre«
ly and unchallenged in either hiv<
Perhaps odor was missing or the bee
were suffering from bad colds in th
head. (?)

At one time a queen caged in a
alien colony for several days is a« ^^

KM

a

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

133

cepted ou being released, while at an-
otlier time iiuder precisely the same
conditious so far as the operator can
see, the queen is killed. If scent is
the deciding factor this latter occur-
rence should be rare but it is not.
It is remarked that it is more difficult
to give a queen to old bees than to
joung ones. Have, not the latter
the ability to smell? Virgin queens
over three days old are said to be
very difficult to introduce to any bees
regardless of the length of time they
are caged with them. Can not such
queens acquire odors? Colonies hav-
ing laying workers prove difficult to
give queens to by the caging method.
Have not such colonies any odor to
impart?

During a honey flow it is easy to
unite bees or introduce queens, but
at other times these operations are
difficult of accomplishment. If odor is
a vital factor it should be as opera-
tive under the first as under the eee-
ond condition.

Ordinarily a colony having a queen
will refuse or kill a new-comer no

matter how long the latter has been
confined in the hive, but under proper
conditions as many queens as the op-
erator chooses may be introduced in-
to a colony without their having prev-
iously been in the hive, and the bees
will not molest any of them.

If the subject is carefully studied it
soon becomes apparent that there are
too many exceptions to the odor theory
to permit of its being acceptable as a
rule. Pi-om observation and from com-
parison of my work with other inves-
tigators in the line, I believe the kind
of reception given a queen depends
primai-ily upon the queen, and only
secondarily upon the bees.

There is some, at present unknown,
cause governing the relations of bees
one to another and our failure to dis-
cern it hinders our advance in apicul-
tural work. The acceptance of an er-
roneous theory as truth is worse than
having no theory at all, but the truth
will be found if we all go to search-
ing for it.

Providence, R. I., June 14, 1905.

SIXTY YEARS AMONG THE BEES.

By W. J. DAVIS, Jst.

FIFTH LETTER— Continued from Page 109, June Number.

WE WILL come back to our
stock, which permitted their
young queen to quit her home
for a bridal trip. She should com-
mence laying eggs in three or four
days. We should then look to see
that all is right, and if the young
queen has begun to lay. Mark F. for
fertilized, having previously marked H.
for hatched. This record is easily kept
on a piece of section, laying on the
honey board. On removing the cap
of the hive (that shelters the section
cases) this record is readily seen. Q.
1905. H. June 20 P. and the word
"dipt," is added when she is clipped
and we have a record of that particu-
lar hive, so long as that queen is the
head of that colony. This seems to me
to be all the apiary register needed.
And should the queen be superseded
at any time, the fact is known by the
queen's wings. And if stocks are sup-
plied with queen or queen cells from

some other hive that we think is very
fine. Mark, for instance, q. c. (queen
cell) 20 w. (white) June 15, 1905.

The bee master ought to know the
age of every queen in his home apiary.
He ought also to know the relative
productiveness of each stock, and
breed from only the best.

I am sure a strain of bees can be
improved as well as any particular
strain of dairy cows. Not with the
same certainty but in less time.

There are worthless specimens in
every race of bees, as there is also
in every breed of milch cows or breed
of poultry — a breeding back from some
remote ancestor. It is an altogether
mistaken idea, to suppose, that the
queen bee that will lay the most eggs
is the best queen. It is also a mistake
to suppose that the largest queens are
best. I take it there is a normal
size for a queen bee that has not va-
ried in 3,000 years. There are also ab-

134

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July,

normal specimens either too large or carrying- of heavy loads; length of
too small. An agerl "M. D." once ran proboscis, enabling the bee to reach
a series of articles in one of America's nectar in blc-^soms ont of the reach
bee papers on "How to Rear Good of some other bees of the same apiary.
Queen Bees," which, when simmered I have never stretched the measur-
down. was found to be simply this: ing line upon the proboscis of a dead
Bigger the hive the queen is reareil Lignrian, but I have lifted hives from
in, bigger the queen. Bigger the their stands, and when I find one that
<iueen, bigger the colony around her. pulls dciwn like lead and other com.
Bigger the colony, bigger the honey paratively light, I must look into the
crop. Probably if sufficient years had cause of the difference. If the colonies
been allotted him if his theory was are of equal strength, workers about
correct, he would have had queen bees the same age, queens ditto. I must con.
the size of our P. R. hens. But Baron elude that there is excellence in one
Lieawful came in with the aid of gi-eat ca-se. and deticieucy in the other,
science and the X-rays and the doc- "Don't be too hasty in .iudgment, how-
tor's theory hasn't grown much since, ever, but Avatch such colonies for the
and I think the Baron did not use tlie whole season, and if such delinquent
"umbilical cord." does not redeem itself, there is om
My observation jiistifies the bold law, and the sentence of that law is
statement that a strain of Ijees can capital punishment. No dairymar
be produced, that can not in this lati- would think of keeping a cow thai
tude secure even their winter storeys yielded no proifit. No poultry mar
in an average .season, but will multiply would keep a strain of fowk that lai(
colonies beyond reasonable limit. In eggs but sparingly. We want mill
truth, excessive increase is a featxn-e from cow,s, eggs from poultry am
of insect life. With the honey bee all honey from bee.s. When either faili
the food for brood and adult must be in the ob.iect for which it is kept
brought in from without. Some one has it is man's province to step in and reg
estimated that 100 pounds of pollen ulate things for he has been givei
and honey are consumed by a colony "dominion over the beasts of the (field
of bees in a year. This would )n-ob- the fowls of the air and fishes of th'
ably be a hard matter to demonstrate .sea. and over every living thing tha
exactly, but I would guess the esti- moveth upon the earth."
mate was none too high. Insects In view of the progress made in thi
that find their food in readiness at last fifty years, as to the managemen
birth, without a parent's care, are of bees to obtain best results, som
mercifully kept in check by some other one is disposed to think there is but Hi
kind of insect or bird, and honey bees tie left to learn. But we have not ye
given to excessive breeding are kept even got the language of the bee.
in check by dying off in winter, or shall not attempt to tell how one be
lack of stores, in any latitude. In communicates to her sisters that sh

a state of nature such monstrosities has found a hive of honey a hal [
can not exist. But man steps in and mile or a mile away, without one brav

feeds and the unproductive are allow- defender at its portals, and leads thei

ed to multiply. "Don't expect a large unerringly to the spot; or one be

increase and a large crop of honey has found some rich nectar-yieldin

the same season," is an axiom among flora in a certain direction, the whol

bee-keepers. colony will -soon know the fact an

It has sometimes happened in my profit by the discovery. Or. in swara

experience that queens thought in ing time, how do they decide whic

spring to be good ones lost their heads shall go and which shall stay, whic

before the autumn frovsts. We talk about are the leaders, when a swarm by

tested and untested queens. No queen seeming understanding has decided tBi||j

is fiilly tested until she is at least locate in some hollow tree, and aft€ JM;

one year old; but the test, as applied a little circling around to see if a!

ire ready, will start straight for tb
spot selected by a few? No circlin

iliij

iren

by queen breeders, simply means test-
ed as to her workers progeny, wheth-

er or not she is purely mated. But around then. Every bee is headed 1

there are other qualities. For in- the same direction, and swift of foci|rii

stance, the longevity of the Avorker must he be that can follow then ijtej

bees; strength of wing, that allows the I have tried that little race myself i

I

tlBT
litlii

L91>5.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

iiy younger days. I could lift my
eet lively then, but they always left
lie behind, trying to "get the line."
\Ve linow it is not the queen that leads,
"or I have had swarms issue from
lives that I had removed the queen
rom several hours before. How
omes it, that the veterans of the field
;an so quickly forget their old home
n the act of swarming? I know some
)f the old writers attribute to the bee
he faculty of reason, and Dr. Bevan
; luotes some poet as saying:

.■

Think not vain mortal that reserved
for thee

lang all the ripening fruits on rea-
son's tree,
'en these, the tiniest tenants of thy
care

jlaim of that reason their apportioneil
share."

And to fortify his position, cites
act of one of the apiarists of long
Lgo, when a huge snail without his
hell had gained admission to a hive
nd the bees not liking his bulky,
limy body, slew him on the spat.

Then all in vain concurrent numbers
strive

;'o heave the slime girt giant from the
hive."
The task being beyond their united

tre^gth they resort to the process of

mbalming their victim with propolis,

nd they haste to pour

Thick hardening as it falls the flaky
iShower

embalmed in shroud of glue the mum-
my lies,

b worm-s invade, no foul miasmas
rise."

Another reports that a huge snail
rith his hou.se of horn upon his back
ad noiselessly worked his way into

house of warmth and sweet odors
uring the stillness and darkness of
ight and fastened itself on a pane of
lass used for observation and when
iscovered a council of war was soon

nvened and the warriors threw their
pears but they could not pierce the

alls of the enemy. They finally de-
ided that if they could not slay the
nemy they could blockade the ports
nd they stuck propoli^s around the
age of the shell and they had a pris-
Der for life, with no expense for
oard. and the poet says a snail so

eated will live for years.

135

"Nor aught avails, but in his torpid

veins
Year after year life's torturing spark

remains
P'orever closed the impenetrable door
He sinks on death's cold arm to rise

no more."

I see that Arthur C. Miller does not
take any stock in Dr. Bevan's story of
the snail and propolis and I am free
to confess that I have never abserved
.lust such occurrences either. But tEat
is no evidence but what somebody has
seen it. How wonld Bro. Miller like
to have some one a hundred years
hence say what A. C. M. said was no
good? I think if a small pebble was
placed on the bottom board of a hive
and looked like a snail, the bees would
cover it with propolis. I think also
that the snails of Rhode Island and
Pennsylvania know better than to
crawl into a bee hive full of bees; but
I don't think bees show much reason
when they resent the kind act of the
owner in trying to feed them in the
early spring time, or for a swarm to
leave a clean nice hive and flee to
some old rotten tree in the woods.

NOTES FROM MISSISSIPPI.

BY DR. O. M. BLANTON.

FRIEND HILL: I closed last season
with 250 colonies and in May,
1905, found myself with 236,
which I consider doing very well.

I find that most of my losses were
with my strongest colonies, which
were almost full of honey. The only
cf.use I can assign is that the bees
clustered on the combs of honey. The
temperature at one time was down
to four degrees below zero, and the
spring has been the coldest and wet-
test known here in years, so that the
bees have been able to gather scarce-
ly enough honey to feed the young
bees.

Tomorrow I shall commence extract-
ing, as the season has set in in earn-
est, from white, and sweet clover,
corn, elder (not alder) and swamp
woodbine.

For a bee-keeper working from 250
to 500 colonies of bees it is utterly
impossible to use the traps and ti'icks
recommended by the scientific ajiiar-
ists, such as drone-traps, queen-ex-
cluders, escapes and tight-^fitting or

136

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

June,

shallow frames, etc. During a heavy
honey flow he needs large free-spac-
ing, loose-hanging fi-ames. Absolute
simplicity in hive constracdon Is im-
portant, as it tends to facilitate rapid
and easy manipulation. In the honey
harvest we must work rapidly to keep
up with the "busy bee," for if we let
her fill the hive full of honey she
has the advantage, and we lose her
services. We must keep ahead of the
bee by giving empty combs, in pro-
ducing extracted honey.

With a large apiary, a bee-keeper
needs an assistant who is capable of
rearing good queens and forming
nuclei, which I am unable to do to
any extent.

The Bee-Keeper is strictly cor-
rect, page 123, June number, in re-
gard to "Duped Bee-keepers." My ad-
vice has been asked by novices, but it
would be entirely disregai'ded as soon
as some smooth-tongued hive peddler
approached them. More than a thou-
sand dollars have I thrown away, dur-
ing my early experience, with such
characters.

HANDLING ROBBERS.

As a means to prevent robbing, I
use cheesecloth. It is very cheap and
durable. I use two sizes — one to en-
velop the hive when necessary, and
also one piece large enough to lap
over the front of the hive, with
strings at each corner to draw the
cloth tight, and, when necessary, tack
it close to sides of hive also. After
ten or fifteen minutes I open the cloth
at the top to allow the robbers within
to escape, and then close it again,
repeating the operation about every
ten minutes until all have escaped.
The home bees are allowed to enter
at sundown, though it is better to
leave the cloth on the hive for 24
hours, if robbing has been persist-
ent. If however, the cloth was put
on when robbing fii'st began, it may
be removed within an hour, as the
colony will then have recovered from
their disorganization.

CLEANING CAPPINGS.

I remove the cappings from the de-
capper and place them in shallow ves-
sels in shady places about tlie apiary.
The bees soon consume all the honey
and leave the cappings ready for the
solar extractor. I have never been

troubled by robbers as a result of this
process.

OUEENLESS COLONIES.
I never waste time with a queenlesa
colony, but break it up, by giving the
combs to strong colonies, smoking the
adjoining colony and removing to the
stand of the queenless one, and shak-
ing the queenless bees on the ground
in front, thus converting them
into honey gatherers. If well
smoked, it is often not necessary to
move the adjoining colony.

SECTIONAL HIVES.

I can see no advantage in the use-
of the shallow-framed hives, especial-
ly, for extracted honey. More frames
have to be handled and the brood is .
to some extent divided by two tiers
of shallow frames, causing damage to
brood in removing. Those I have used
are too small for our climate, and
induce frequent swarming. There are
many good large frames, but my pref-l
erence is for thfe Langstroth. For
rapid manipulation, I prefer the 20-
frame, one-story style, and to remove
the honey from one end only at a time,!
when extracting, as practiced by
Friend Poppleton, as this plan does
not discourage the bees, but enables
them to more rapidly ifill the empty
combs.

Greenville, Miss., June 12, 1905.

A VISIT TO DR. BLANTON.

BY FRED W. MUTH.

I TAKE pleasure in enclosing here-
with a few photograplxs that were
taken by me last summer
vs'hile visiting our mutual friend Dr,
O. M. Blanton, at his home and bee
ranch at Greenville, Miss. The doctor
is a whole-souled fellow and is one of
the greatest bee men in the south. It
is simply astonishing that a man,
who is fast approaching the fourscore
mark, is so very ambitious, and es-
pecially in apiculture. Last season,
with the aid of his helper, "Ike," he
worked some 350 colonies of bees for
extracted honey.

His home apiary is one mile from
the city of Greenville, and just a few
days ago, we received a letter from
him stating that he is starting another
bee yard some five miles distant fromj
home. His apiary consists principally;
of the regular two-story Langstroth|
hives, as well as the single story

VIEWS OF DR. BLANTON AT HOME AND IN THE APIARY.
By F. W. Mulh.

138

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July,

twenty frame hives. His ideas of single
story hive bee-keeping run in about
the same channel as those of our friend
Mr. O. O. Poppleton.

The doctor's judgment is fine, and
he claims that since he is spared the
time and labor of lifting the supers
from the hives, he is thereby enabled
to work the bees to a better advan-
tage. He has passed that time in the
life of a bee-keeper, when experimen-
tal work is in the foreground, and now
looks forth to the profit that he may
realize.

In the drowsy noontime, when the
sun's rays fall perpendicularly, the
doctor may be seen comfortably re-
clining upon his low conch, on the
gallery of his quaint little 'shanty,'
cozily equipped Avith all the comforts
of a home, and the ideal spot of a
bee-keeper, with its complete library
of bee books, bee journals, and bee
literature in general.

The refrigerator, with its fresh,
sweet Jersey milk is close at hand,
and never forgotten, for the doctor
never fails to replenish his ice box,
So that he may enjoy a cooling and
delightfully refreshing drink.

When his day's work is 'finished, he
slowly repairs to his beautiful home-
stead, where he is welcomed by his
family, including his hospitable daugh-
ter and pretty grand children.

Cincinnati, O., May 16, 1905.

THE FOLLY OF "TINKERINti"
W^ITH BEES.

BY W. W. M'NEAL.

BEE CULTURE has always been
wonderfully fascinating to me.
From my earliest boyhood I loved
the honey bee. My father never kept
bees, but my maternal grandfather
was obedient to the call of the bees.
There have been times when my en-
thusiasm received a crimp or two,
when bad luck seemed relentless and
the l)ees stung harder than ever be-
fore. Discouragement weighed heav-
ily and it was then that the cold of
winter came as a joyful relief from
bee-work. I would feel whipped out
and my one desire was to get away
from everything that suggested honey
bees. But a few months separation
was usually sufficient to rekindle the
old ardor and my experience ha-s al-
ways been that when the snows melt

irel

jtf

Noi

10!

irly

away and the buds come again, my
love for the bees blossoms with them,

My gi-eatest mistake with bees were
the result of "tinkering." There is
a va,st amount of dilference betweer
practice and mere tinkering. It is
all right and necessary for one tc jrt
open the hives and work with the bees le
to gain a practical knowledge of theii iesf
instincts; but, upon the other hand: le
one may be ever tinkering yet nevejpol
learning the habits of bees. Avoic
the folly of tinkering if you woulc
succeed.

Now you may want to know ho"n
I manage to gain certain desired ends
with the least possible amount o:
"tinkering." Well, to start with, le
us assume that bee-keepers are in th«
business for what money they car
:et out of it. Whatever lessens thn
cost of production adds to the profit
thereof, and the system of manage
ment that gives the apiarist the great
est freedom from his bees is the ont
that turns the most money, as profit
into his pockets. If the system o
management is one that makes it nee
essary to give the bees almost cod
stant attention, that system is fault;
and should be discarded. For instance
suppose a man has a hundred colonlenlid
of bees and wishes to produce com'^ je
honey. Now with this man the bew
are only a side line, his main voca
tion demanding the greater part o
his time. We will say that his bee
are in eight-frame hives and upon a:
early examination he finds nearly al
of them to be light in stores and va
rying greatly as to numerical strengtt
How can he get those colonies al
strong, and as nearly as possible o
a tmiform strength at a given tlm
and do it the cheapest? Not by "stim
ulating" his colonies with a half pin
of sweetened water every day regular
for three weeks or longer and then es
changing combs of brood from th
stronger for empty combs froiii th
weaker colonies! It is hard to thinl
of a more fussy, impracticable methocl
See what it necessitates: The openini
of every hive evei-y day during th'
whole of that time; the clawing ove
of the brood combs for suitable one
for exchanging; the consequent losi
of much of the brood given to f&'
weaker colonies by their inability t'
care for it, and the attendant dangeljjij^
of starvation near the close of th'
feeding season, should some unlooked ^,1

h

n

It

!Kir.. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 139

or evout ciu olV the daily supijly of aiiaitiucnts. I.iavc il llms I'di- a week
atious. Hill that is not all. .Many or ten days till the brood .nets a ie;ood
f the queen.; v rv liable to be disabled start towari's maturity. At this stage
ly being ])inclied between the (•ond)s. of the ^nnie there will lie no loss of

Bee-keepi rs, as a rule, do not give biood by exposui-e. With the greatest
roper consideration to that fact. Tlie ease and satisfaction these little combs
lore prolific and largest of the (lueens of brood may be taken from the
ic the ones most apt to be hurt and • tronger colonies and given to the
hese are the most valuable. Should weaker ones. Or. during the middle
he queen escape the awkwardne.ss of of the day when the bees ai*e working
he operator and only be badly fright- well, the work may be done with the
ned, that may result in her being dis- greatest dispatch by exchanging su-
ualified for practical work. It is pers. The smoker should be used a

well-known fact that in the spring little on the bees in the super after
f the year bees often ball their old it is lifted oft', but those in the brood
lother queen, upon a slight disturb- chamber should not be disturbed in
nee of. the combs, and sting her to either case. The honey-board should
eath. I'emain intact.

Now, let me here submit a plan When it is time to put on sections,
Thereby one can get around nearly remove the supers of shallow combs
11 of that fussing with bees and get and also the honey-boards and put the
ome honey too: Beginning with the section cases in their places. Sort
rood chamber, it should be of a ca- over the shallow combs as they are
acity not less than a 10-frame Lang- taken from the hive and those contain-
troth hive. This will cut out" nearly ing brood should be put into a super
11 of that stimulative business, for by themselves with adhering bees,
tie bees will store away enough honey putting two supers together, thus
1 such a brood chamber to carry them forming new colonies,
afely through to the time of the Watch closely now for young queens
arly harvest. that may have been reared above the

Whenever it is found necessary to excluder. Use them in your new col-
eed a colony to prevent starvation, onies and don't by any means allow
ive it a sufliciency at once and be them to get l^elow into the brood cham-
one with it. Breeding will go on ber, for they will play havoc with the
lore safely and smoothly than it will old mother queen if they do. Extract
y the piece-meal system of feeding, the honey from the combs that contain
Provide a super of six-inch combs no brood and set them away for the
3r every hive. As soon as the bees use of swarms.

eed more room place these on the At swarming time form a brood
ive. Cover well with a piece of en- chamber out of an empty comb-honey
mel cloth, something that sells for super and one case of those shallow
bout 35 cents a yard. Let this ex- eombs. putting the empty supers on the
nd out over the edges of super about bottom board. Leave it thus for sev-
n inch or a little more. Now put on en or eight days to prevent the
flat super cover, andT lastly, a deep svi-arms from absconding; then remove
lescope cover that will come well the empty case beneath. If you wish,
own over the sides of sttper. That put on an excluder and replace the
ill make it snug and warm and the surplus cases. The queen excluder is
ees Avill soon take possession. No not absolutely necessary though it
atter then if the combs in the brood tends to keep pollen out of the sec-
hambers are flushed with honey. Tbe tions when the brood chamber is re-
ees will carry some of it above and duced in size. The surplus honey be-
us make room for the queen. ing removed at the close of thfe harvest.

This is a kind of stimulation that the swarm is allowed to occupy the
rorks like a charm. The queen soon shalloAv hive till the opening of the
)llows the honey upstairs and you fall bloom. At that juncture the
lus get a rousing big colony in the old queens are removed, the swarms
lost practical manner. returned to the parent hives by plac-

When the combs in the super are ing the shallow cases on top of them
lirly well stocked with brood, drive as a t the beginning. This insures
le queen below and slip a queen-ex- good work on the fall bloom, at the
uding honey board between the two close of which the honey in the supers

140

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Jul]

is extracted and the combs stored for
similar use the following summer.

Now, don't you think that is the
better way to work for honey? The
system is safe, rapid and certain in
its results. There is no longer an in-
cessant need of one's presence in the
apiary. Increase is kept down in a
most efficient manner. There is lots
of stimulation In it, for the jingle
of bee-money in one's pocket is just
the kind that counts at the tfinish.
Don't tinker.

Wheelersburg, Ohio, May 4, 1905.

ADAPTABILITY REQUIRED.

BY F. GREINER.

THIS MAY be considered an idle
question by some. Probably
those who advocate that every
farmer ought to keep a few stands of
bees, would thus consider it. They
seem to forget that comparatively few
are adapted for the business.

Years ago, in this section of the
country there were twenty-five bee-
owners to every one now. Don't it
pay to keep bees? Well, yes and no.
The reason why so few now l^eep any
bees is that those who were not adapt-
ed, dropped out, that is all. It has
been a natural weeding out process of
the unfit.

There is absolutely no use of fight-
ing against natiue'.s laws, if a man is
adapted for the work he will succeed.
It is a<s unreasonable for everybody to
keep bees as it would be to try and
raise ostrich-plumes. It doas not work!
It is not to be suppo-sed that every
farmer has the time and inclination
to post up on bee culture. It takes a
lot of time to tie it and without one
does understand the business thorough-
ly there is no use undertaking it.

There are a few small bee-yards left
in my town, Init the whole appearance
of them doas not inspire confidence
in the business. Perhaps these yards
consist of a few box-hives and two or
three frame hives each. The box-hives
look bad, weather-beaten, some in the
grass by the ftMice. The frame hives,
once good, well-made hives, stand
around in every shape. Some tipped
back, thus catching the rain, others
tipped sidewi.se, etc. They show that
the owner knows nothing about bees.
Who will e<lucate this man? I have
in mind two bee owners living within

\tk

lislii

four to five miles of me who one
kept large numbers of bees. The
once purchased expensive hives fc
them. But where are they today
The hives lay around in their yard
in every imaginable shape. You ca
find them in their hen houses used a
nests— in the cow stable as feed boxe
etc. Why? Has disease made inroad
u])on their bees? Does it not pay i
keep beas? I have located close B
their side and obtained magnificei
crop-s.

A few years ago I located an aplai
some fifteen miles north of me in
section where alsike clover is abuni
ant. Another man has some bees bi
a short distance from this yard. E
is an old hand at it and has had oyi
100 colonies at one time. His nan
was mentioned in connection with hfyt>
when I first came into this country-
over thirty years ago. He has mai
aged to keep in bees, to be sure, bi^!
what are his crops? He had at oi
time last season taken less than 4«
pounds. When I took from a
equal number over a ton. I saw h
honey in the fall with a vie"
to buying it, but it was i
very bad shape, and, althoug
he pretended to have used separator
the honey was not "crateable," besid* ""^
being badly infested with moth larva
He seemed to be utterly ignorant •<
to the nature of the wax-moth ar
asserted that there was no possibilil
of these insects having damaged h
honey, for he had kept it in a close
room in his fine dwelling all the tim
AA'e Avant Mr. Abbott or some otht'
man to come and educate all these pe<
{fie and put them in a shape to cOD
pete with us who make bee-keepin
a -specialty.

ISdi

iita

111

fta'

m

IS

la]

This bi-ings us to the question
What is a specialist? Some peopl
will have it. that only he is a specialif
who devotes his entire time to apicu
ture. He, who earns a few dollar
with his pen, they intimate, is not
specialist in bee-keeping. He, wh
gi'ows his own garden -stuff or produce
some ai)i)les, peaches, pears, or phunc
oi' any otlier fruit. i,s not a specialis
in l)ee-keei)ing. He, who kjeeps a C0'\
or some hens, is not a specialist in bee
keeping, etc. Perhaps these people ar
correct. But let us view this matte
from a standpoint of common sense i^
The very nature of the pursuit make j

Ifti

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

141

it necessary to locate in the country.
We can not all live in Buffalo, St.
Joseph or some other city, where milk,
butter, eggs, garden truck and fruit
can be had for little money. The mOiSt
of us are compelled to raise these
things ourselves or let our families go
without. In order to have a moral
right to keep bees we ought to own
some land upon Avhich we live. This
land produces pasture for not only the
bees but the cow, the horses, the poul-
try. It may produce a little grain,
juckwheat, corn, or some fiiiit. The
pecialist bee-keeper must attend to
hese things. There is absolutely no
)ther alternative; and although lie
night make more money if he could
Irop these other things, thus enabling
lim to keep more bees instead, he
ust don't want to give up his good
lome-made butter, clean, sweet, un-
vatered or chalked milk, fresh eggs
nd plenty of fruit. He, the specialist
bee-keeping, is satisfied with a
mailer bank account at the end of the
eason for the sake of these other ad-
antages. Nevertheless, he is a spe-
ialist bee-keeper. What else could Be
e called?

Some men have the stuff in them to

lanage a vei-y large business. I

now some farmens who own several

irms, hundred's of acres, and can

" anage them successfully. Some oth-

s have all they can do to manage 50

res or even less. It is a good deal

with bee-keepers. Some can run a

rge number of out-yarus and thus

ake money, others could not do it,

d still all may be specialists.

Naples, N. Y." Jan. 3, 190.5.

[E NATIONAL CONVENTION

Meet in San Antonio, October 28-November 1.

The Inter-National Fair holds its
nual exhibition in San Antonio,
■xas, Oct. 2lst to Nov. 1st. When
lis fair is in progress, there are very
Iv rates in force on the railroads out
1" <)00 or 700 miles. Then there are
lirvest excursions from the north on
li 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the
itnth. The 4th Tuesday in October
Ones on the 24th. Con-sidering these
f'ts, it has been decided to select
Sturday, October 28th, as bee-keep-
e' day at the fair. This will give
aple time for members from the
>rth to reach the city by starting

the 24th. The regular sessions of the
convention will begin Monday, October
oOth, and continue three days.

The Fair Association has designated
Saturday, Oct. 28th, as bee-keepers'
day, and will so advertise it, and es-
pecial pains will be taken to have on
exhibition hives, honey, wax, bees,
and other apiarian products. At this
fair will be on exhibition all of the
agricultural and other products of the
South and Mexico, and a visit to it
will really be worth all the trip will
cost, to give one an idea of the South
and her products.

Then the Texas members propose to
give a genuine Mexican supper which
will be free to all outside members.
There will be Mexican band and
toast-making — in short it might be call-
ed a banquet. On Sunday the mem-
bers can attend church or go on a
trolley ride around the city. Side-trips
to Uvalde and other places are planned
for all who wish to see the country
after the convention is over, bee-keep-
ers at the various honey centers hav-
ing promised to take bee-keepers
around free of charge. Texas is one
of the greatest, if not the greatest,
of honey producing states in the Union,
and bee-keepers will now have an op-
portunity to see her wonderful re-
sources, enjoy the hospitalities of her
people, and profit by meeting in con-
vention, all at veiy small cost.

The headquarters of the National
Association will be at the Bexar hotel
(pronounced Baer, long sound of a),
corner of Houston and .Jefferson
streets, and rates are only $1 a day,
and up. The convention vdll be held
at Elks' hall, 125 W. Commerce street,
only two blocks from the Bexar hotel.

Everything is now all arranged ex-
cept the program, and I wish that eve-
ry one would write and make sugges-
tion.s in regard to topics and men to
discuss them. If you have no special
topic that you wished put into the
progi'am. you must surely have some
question that you would like brought
before the convention. Pour in the
suggestions and queries, and let me
get up one of the best programs that
we have ever had.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Sec.

Zeal without knowledge is like ex-
pedition to a man in the dark. — ^John
Newton.

4»M»» »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ MM ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ MM ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦»

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

^^^^^^m^^^^^^^n^^i^^^^^^^i^ii^^i^^^^^^^^^^^*^^^^*

GERMANY.

JUST "CATCHING ON."
Hive inventors are" still at work.
Becker's divisible hive, described in
Central-blatt seems modeled after the
American style of hives. It has a
brooti chamber and separate supers for
-tiering up. It is undoubtedly construct-
ed on a good principle.

SPAIN.

The bee-keepers of Barcelona hav(
established in one of the public park*
of the city an apiary for the purpoS'
of making " bee-keeping popular, in
structing the public, etc. The apiar;
is said not to be very large and th
honey stored by the bees above wha
is needed for winter is distribute
among the hospitals. — Schl. Holsn
Bztg.

SAYS ITS A MYSTERY.

Die Bienenphlege has this to say in
regard to the instincts and qualifica-
tions the worker-bee possesses: 'T^t
is not possible that the worker can
inherit mich qual ideations from the
drone or queen (her parents) that are
not also qualifications of the latter.
The whole matter is wrapped up in
mystery.

MAY BE SO IN GERMANY.

Reldenbach, editor of the Phalz.
Bztg.. is no friend of contracting the
brood chamber during the winter sea-
son. He claims the bees need plenty
of air and with a roomy hive they are
more apt to have it. A large number
of combs in the hive insure plenty of
.stores and sufficient breeding room in
the spring. Some bee-keepers, he says,
are very careful as to enlarging the
brood chamber and add only one comb
at a time. This requires a great deal
of useless fussing. Bees with an un-
limited brood chamber breed up just
as fast and with such the bee-keeper
does not miss it occasionally by neg-
lecting his bees. A large brood cham-
ber is the safest, and saves time!

SW^ITZERLAND.

H. Spuehler, Zuerrich, also coudemr
the contracting of brood chambers an
other useless fussy practices. B
wants a large entrance at all times.

TRIKD AGAIN AND FOUND WAN'
ING.

Tests with the Phacelia as a hon<
plant have not turned out favorab
according to Schweiz. Bztg., althou)
the bloom lasted six weeks and be
and bumblebees were frequent visitoi
A-s a forage crop for stock the pla
also did not meet the expectations
the experimenters.

AUSTRIA.

A great deal of complaint is made
by Austrian bee-keepers of thieves vis-
iting their beeyards.

HIVE IMPROVEMENTS.
Kyburz reports an improvement
the cupboard-fashioned European hi-?
which may be a step in advance. .
the reader knows the combs of thf
hives are removed from the rear, a
in order to get at the last comb
a hive all must be taken out. T
inventor, Weber, has made the wh<
rabbet movable. Thus he can .sli
the whole set of combs out of 1
hive, Avhen any comb may be picL
out as they can be out of open
American hives. — Schweiz. Bztg.

Emperor Joseph I. is enthusiastical-
ly interested in bee culture, is fre-
quently present at bee-keepers' meet-
ings and conducts them.

PREFERS THE SWITZER.
Dannacher, of Bern, is very mi
opposed to the importation of Cai
olan bees, and makes the claim tl
the Switzer native stock is far suj
ior to any Carniolan. Tests made s
bv side have shown that the Swit

Hi

bees gave good yields of honey when
tbe Carniolans swarmed themselves to
leath and did not gather even stores
For winter. — Schweitz Bztg.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

143

Dr. Dzierzon is too ill to write, re-
ports Praxis der Bienenzucht.

Loenst-honey is said by Grabener,
n Prakl. AVewg., not to granulate.

SEEKS AMERICAN CAPITAL.
Specializing bee-keeping means keep-
ng more bees to such an extent as
pj 0 occupy all a man's time. Again, it
aeaus reducing labor to a minimum,
he object being to make as much
loney out of the business as is possi-
le.

The bee-keepers of the world have

een at work on this problem and are

till at it. Different methods have

een studied out to accomplish it. Is

le Desideratum still to be found?

T. J. Herzog, of Frankfurt, claims

ow, in a private letter, to have made

discovery in this regard which puts

rerything known in the shade. He

as tAvo or more colonies working to-

ther. He claims great simplicity for

le method, saving of labor, greatest

5ssible honey yields and absolutely

) swarming.

The method is still held as a secret
Mr. Herzog. He would like to
ive some American bee-keeping eap-
ilist take hold of the matter and
ive it patented.

I am not posted on matters of this
nd but it is a little doubtful, in my
ind, whether or not the method is
itentable.

If Herzog's invention has merit, in
e interests of bee-keeping it would be
gootl thing to have it made public
operty somehow.

The queenless part will rear a queen
from brood present, and the storing
of honey will go on uninterruptedly.
The result will be a larger honey crop
than if the colony had not ))o>m di-
vided. The division may bo a tem-
porary one or the two may be left
separated, thus doubling the number
of colonies. If united at the close of
the honey season the old queen can
be removed.

'\)

\\

HAVE THEY DIFFERENT ODORS?
A drone-breeding colony, if still pop-
ulous, may be saved and cured by giv-
ing a queen cell with a young larvae,
not a sealed cell. The former will al-
ways be accepted, while the latter will
generally be destroyed, says Jaeckel
in Leipz. Bztg.

ROOT WOULDN'T ENDORSE IT.
It may be ignorance or misconcep-
tion on the part of the bee-keepers of
Germany, of what the American
"smoker" is, but it seems same does
not find favor with them. On the
other hand, they keep experimenting,
trying to improve what they have in
this line. Gerstung's smoker, as the
latest, is illustrated in Praxis der
Bzcht; it is to be patented. Of course,
tobacco is to be used' in it as fuel.
Why not try the American smoker my
dear friends?

MAY BE SO.
F. Dickel says in last number of
Die Biene that bee-keepers, especially
honey-producers, are wasting a great
deal of money on high priced queens,
so-called '"supei-ior stock," "red clover
stock," etc.

THE DUPLEX SYSTEM (?)

IM. AVeiss in Leipz. Bienenztg, de-
■ibes the following methods of treat-
honey-producing colonies that are
divisible brood chambers:
'A new bottom-board is placed close
'side the colony to be treated, and
upper brood chamber is lifted off
d placed thereupon. Both single
)od chambers are now covered with
Ben-excluding metal, and the supers
! placed upon them in such a way
Lt the bes can enter from both
irtments. No attention is paid to
' queen at the time of separation.

TO PREVENT GRANULATION.

Extracted honey may be kept from
granulating by heating in a solar de-
vice, and keeping it in same for four
or .five days immediately or any time
after extracting, says Neuman in Cen-

tralblatt.

BEES AND BEE-KEEPING OF
GERMAN EAST-AFRICA.

The bee inhabiting East-Africa is of
a vei-y bright yellow, very vicious and
incluined to swarm. The reporter, M.
Roth, thinks the swarming propensity
is largely due to the hot climate, for
when, perchance, a swarm finds a
shady and cool location and a large
cavity to fill, they swarm but little and
send out large swarms when they do

144

swiirni. It seems to be not an uncom-
mon thing for a colony to desert a
hive after it has been filled with comb
and broode. It has many enemies as,
ants, wasps, lice, mice, birds, lizzards.
etc. Diseases such as foul brood have
not been noticed.

The natives — negroes — flnow very lit-
tle else about bee-keeping than hunt-
ing and robbing them. On account of
the viciousness of the bee (rubber
glove-s do not answer as a protection)
the natives regard the be as "good"
only when dead, similar to the Indian
theory in America. Some times a log
is hollowed out and set up as a hive
trusting to luck to have it populated
by a migrating swarm. Near the
coast, where boxes are procurable,
they are used for the same purpose.
The natives fasten them in the tree
tops, covering them with hides to keep
them cool.

In rendering the honey excessive
neatness is not practical shrdletaoin
neatness is not practiced and brood
honey and all go into a kettle, is heat-
ed up and strained through a cloth.—
Bienen-Vater.

BELGIUM.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

July

WATERING BEES,
Sometimes in the spring of the yeai
bees have to go to some distance
get the water necessary to dilute th
old honey and pollen to feed the brooc
Often they go out in too cold weathe
or have to go too far, or the wate
obtained may be quite cold. And tb
result is. a number of bees get chille
and never return.

In discussing the best means 1
avoid such loss and provide the nece
sary water, Mr. Dricot advises feedlr
a sufficient quantity of thin syrup s
early as possible. Later it may I
advisable, if the apiary is too far fro
suitable water to place some wat
at the disposition of the bees. Tl
best way is to put the water in
sunny place, and in any convenie
vessel as wide as possible. Soe
clean moss is placed in the vessel
afford the bees a foothold. In fee
ing inside, the moss might be replac
hv a big coarse sponge.

II

lii',

to
If
s; i
iln
litrt

DRONES FROM VIRGIN QUEENS.

An experiment was made by a Swiss
correspondent to find out if the drones
from virgin queens are virile.

On February 24th, a colony having
quite an amount of brood was un-
queened. In due time several queens
emerged and only one was kept. A
queen-excluder was placed at the en-
trance and four drone combs intro-
duced in the brood nest. The colony
was well fed all the time. During
five weeks that queen made _the most
desperate efforts to get out but with-
out success; and finally gave it up,
and began to lay in the drone combs.
The 15th of May these combs, which
were full of sealed brood, were dis-
tributed in three nuclei. Enough bees
and one sealed queen cell were added
to each nucleus. The three nuclei
were transported in a deep uninhabit-
ed valley in the mountains where no
drones from anywhere else could get.
In due time the three cells hatched
out, the queens were mated and proved
to be as good as any.

HIVING SWARMS.

Mr. Petit, president of one of t
apicultural societies of France, is
,so a lecturer on apicultural subjec
and whenever he can he illustrates ^
subjects by actual experiments. C|-
of his favorite tricks is to hive swar
with his bare arm. The sleeves ;
turned up a-s far as possible near i ^
shoulder and as tight as possible
that no bee may get pinched betw«
the sleeves and the skin. He tl
pushes his arm into the middle of .
cluster as far as possible. With
other hand he smokes the bees v
slightly from the limbs of the tree
his arm. In ten minutes the swa
is settled on his arm and he wa
aro\ind with it until he is ready
shake it into a hive.

IE

nitl

STARVED OR FROZEN.
One spring Mr. Arnold found a
ony of bees dead, or apparently
Starved, of couse (?) since no ho:
was in the hive. He left the hive o;
and exposed to the sun, it was a wi
day. and went to work at sometb
else thinking the bees dead. A li
later, passing by, he noticed some ai
of life, here a leg slowly stretch;
their some wings trembling or s<
antennae moving. Immediately s<
warm syrups was prepared and
colony saved.

«M

"HI").

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

THE

Linerican Bee=Keeper

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

tHE W. T. FALCONER MANFG.

Proprietors.

CO.

IBLISHING OFFICE,
IME OFFICE. - -

Fort Pierce Fla.
Falconer, N. Y.

IRRY E. HILL, -
/THUR C. MILLER,

- - - - Editor
Associate Edit07-

145

it is difficult to foretell the extent of
the season's crop of honey. Bees are
«aid to be in good condition.

"Let the bee-keeper bear in mind
that no instructions, however complete,
can take the place of private judgment.
He must use his own intelligence and
adapt the details of his methods to the
exact conditions under which he
works."— r. J. Crowe, Irish Bee Jour-
nal.

Terms.

, 'ifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85

Its; 3 copies $1.20; all' to be sent to one

itoffice.

•ostage prepaid in the United States and

nada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the

ital union, and 20 cents extra to all otht

in tries.

Advertising Bates.

Iftera cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per

h. Five per cent, discount for two inser-

is; seven per cent, for three insertions;

mty per cent, for twelve insertions.

.dvertisements must be received on or ba-
the 15th of each month to insure inser-
in the month following.

[atters relating in any way to business

uld invariably be addressed to
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

i%

Mr. John C. Frank, Earlvllle, III.,
make* a hive stand which he prefer,?
to any other, by making a rim, of
inch stuff, five inches wide, of the de-
sired size to suit the hive in u«e,
and in each corner nail a heavy block
in which is bored a hole to take a half-
inch machine bolt. The bolts serve
as legs, which rest upon four bricks,
and the hive is accurately levelled by
use of a wrench.

•tides for publication or letters exclusively
the editorial department may be addressed
H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.
iDScnbers receiving their paper in blue
pper will know that their subscription ex-
s with this number. We hope that yoi
not delay favoring us with a renewal.
red wrapper on your paper indicates tb-
owe for your subscription. Please give th
;er your early attention.

Mr. John M. Lange, Jr., Monticel-
lo. la., writes: "When I read that
editorial on page 59 of the Bee-Keeper
for March, I was much pleased, for it
was just what I have wanted some
editor to say. 'Improvement is the or-
der of the day,' and bee-keepers should
carefully test the merits of an article
before reporting. It is unfair to con-
demn a thing simply because one may
not happen to know anything about
it."

lEMtorfal.

[r. David A. Gaylord, Hatfield,
i., reports a very cold, backward
ng and much rain up to time of
ting — June 9.

Soney-dealers in Boston, are still
ling quite a good deal of last sea-
s honey crop. They claim they
not explain, and .see no good rea-
for honey not having gold better."
es Mr. F. Greiner. Naples, N. Y..
5.

ir Denver correspondent, under
of June 17, advises that hail
ns in northern Colorado have de-
red much of the first cutting of
fa, and that as the season is late,

New Zealand has in prospect a bee
.iournal of its own, to be established
and edited by Mr. G. J. S. Small, of
Marton, who is now the authorized
correspondent and agent of the Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper in that far-off land,
in which the first "Bee Expert" has
recently been appointed by the govern-
ment, in the person of Mr. Isaac Hop-
kins. The move was first set on foot
by Mr. Small who is, naturally, grati-
fied by the -success of his efforts.

In wiring frames, Mr. A. J. Gray,
Ballstou, N. Y., fastens his frame se-
curely in a form, places the spool of
wire on a wire spike in line with the
lower hole pierced through the end-
bar, threads the wire, secures the end
to a five-eighths brad which is driven
down, then takes up the slack, and by
pressure of thumb draws them quite
tight, though not enough to spring the
end-bar«. The wire is then wound

146

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Julj

once around another brad at starting
point and secured. He says nimble
lingers can wire sixty-five frames per
hour in this way and have them all
square and neat.

More honey crops are lost from too
much fussing with the bees than from
all other causes together.

Is orange blossom honey the popular
food during the honey-moon? If one
is dependent upon the other the scarc-
ity of the first may account for the
brevity of the last.

When cutting combs from frames if
they are straight along the top bar
leave a row of cells as a guide, for
such guides are cheaper and better
than those of foundation.

Hundreds of our readers have beei
kind enough to address a few posta
cards to bee-keepers for us, and a)
have received for their trouble fror
six months to a year credit on sul
scription account. The plan is provin
very successful. If the reader ha
not done so, we should be pleased t
have him write to the Falconer offlc
for cards. —

In the department of the Bee-Keej
ing World, Mr. Frey is quoted as ha:
ing a colony of Syrian blood which }
no time of the year is without son
drones. It is not uncommon for S;
rians and Cyprians and their crossi
to have both laying workers and
good fertile queen in the same coloi
at the same time. Quite probab
many a good queen has been co
derailed for the acts of laying worker

That ]ierson wTio so manages his
bees that they not only keep themsel-
ves but yield a surplus, season after
season, can justly be called a bee-mas-
ter; while that person who has to be
constantly feetling his bees is, at best,
but a clumsy bungler. To be the ifirst
requires close observation, fore-
thought, and sound judgment. Any
one can become an accomplished
bungler.

"Rambler" and the writer were one
day discussing the profit and loss
phases of bee-keuping. and incidental-
ly reference was made to one of the
fraternity who never seemed able to
"make both ends meet." Said Ram-
bler, "when you can not have both
ends meet then have one meat and
t'other vegetables," which was Eis
droll way of advising living within
one's means.

Gleanings, in its June 1st issue, h
an article from the pen of E. D. TO"W
send on the use of extracting com
and sections in the same super, usi
the combs instead of bait sectioi
two combs to a super, one next
each outside wall. The editor ha
it as something new and of mu
promise. The method is so old that '
supposed it was universally knov
Mr. Samuel Cushman (then of Pa
tucket. R. I.,) and the writer beg
using it about 1885 and the writer 1
used it ever since, having hives s
supers specially made to facilit
such practice. It has been mention
by many writers, if memory servesn
correctly.

jtl

(,1

(If:
iti
lull
(if

k
Itfl

In the June issue Mr. W. J. Davis
says regarding the mating of queens
and drones, that it is claimed that it
has never been witnessed by man. The
■first authentic report of the witness-
ing of the union was by Rev. Mr. Mil-
lette of Whitemarsh, Pa., in June, 1850,
and the next by Mr. W. W. Gary in
July. 1800. Since then many have re-
ported having seen it. If some of
the camera enthusiasts among our
bee-keepers will be alert they may in
time secure us photos of this and
many other interesting and valuable
things in bee life.

The indiscriminate transposition
combs in the brood chamber is
wise. First, it breaks up the nori
arrangement of brood, which often
suits in the destruction of much of
Itarticularly so if the colony is
^•ery populous. Also the insert
within the limits of the brood elm
of combs more or less -filled with ]
len. or even with honey, when
latter is coming in fairly well, will
ten cause a decided upset in the hoi
keeping arrangements of the bees
queen, too, is disturbed in her w<
and swarming is not infrequently
duced. One eminent beemaster alw
gives a quick scratch across the i
of the frames before removing tljiii t,
so as to be able to replace them
actly as they were before.

JOS.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

147

PERSONAL TO THE READER. implements, but one foels uistiHed m

The American Bee-Keeper has for asking of a w(>uld-))e instructor that

&ars been alert to discover among •»* least some })ractical knowledge of

s constantly increasing number of various types of an implement be had

jaders, those who possess some talent hefore reconimendiug a particular one.

)r writing entertainingly and who i'lie author i.>< very evidently the fol-

ave the faculty of discovering that lower of one i)articular line of instruc-

hic.h may prove of interest to fellow tion in apiculture, one unfortunately

aftsmen. Our efforts in this direction whose teachings are biased by pre-

ive not been in vain, for we are judice and commerce. In most things,

equently recognizing such talent, however, for beginners this book is

owever. we earnestly desire to hear an improvement over anything we

om more of our readers with items have yet had in this country,

r publication, and with this end in

ew, we propose to award each
onth, during the remaining five
onths of the current year, four an-
lal -subscriptions to the Florida Mag-
ine. published in Philadelphia, a
autifully illustrated monthly maga-

EDUCATING BEES.
The following, written some years
ago, by Gen. D. L. Adair, is worth re-
printing:

_^^ _„„.. ^" nothing the bees do can we per-

le. with" many pictures in coTors, and ^'^^^'^ anything that indicates the work-
! subjects relating to "the land of "^»''t ^^ I'eason. or even the sagacity
wers." of higiier animals that are capable of

, , . . imitating, and through that instinct

lliese twenty subscriptions will go can be taught to do things that they
those who write, not uie longest do not comprehend,
tides, but to those who put the We see a certain thing done which
)st mterest into the smallest space, we know they have never seen done
Should our amateur friends evince before, and without any instruction,
fficient interest in the proposition, which we know man could not do
shall not hesitate to increase tEe without much instruction and a long
mber of subscriptions that we shall practice. We see them repeat the
ai'd. same work, but it is always under the

fry this evening, and compete for same circumstancas, arid they always
'prize this month, observing the fol- ^^ ^^ "^ the same manner; everything

is made exactly alike and of the same
material; whereas, no two men work
alike, nor anj^ one man twice alike.

nng rules:

)o not use a pencil. Write upon but

! side of the paper. Leave ample ""1 ^ ^^l ^^ 1 • I ^ ''.•

:ce at top and margin of paper. JlZJ"" l-f /°'^' ?''} ''.• ^° ^T'^"''.!

oid abbreviations. Be brief and ^ '^'''^'", ^5f^^' ^'°'^ ^^ ^ ^'"'f '^'^^^ '*

the point ^^ ab-solutely necessary that they

Subscriptions for winning articlf^s ^^^^^Id do it, without any experience.

1 begin the following month. ^"^^ without even knowing what they

are doing, why they are doing it or

,^^^,_ „ what will be the result.

"HOW TO KEEP BEES." i^ proof of this, take a sheet of

nother book on bees has appeared, brood that is just ready to emerge from

s from the press of Doubleday, the cells. Brush every bee ofE, place

;e & Co., which bespeaks the ex- it in a hive where it will not chill,

ence of the press work. The book and let the bees come out. A sheet

ntitled "How to Keep Bees." and ten inches square will produce five

)y Anna Botsford Comstock, who thousand. Not one of these bees ever

he preface announces it as a book -sa^v an egg, nor queen, nor a gTub,

neet the needs of the beginners in nor a queen-cell. Now give them a

keeping. As such it is good. Tlie luece of comb containing eggs. As

ructions are simple and direct, and the grubs hatch out those bees that

illustrations supplement the text, never saw a grub before take the

author rather rashly recommends honey and pollen, prepare it fit for tEe

ain tools and appliances at the tender larvae. They feed them just

e time admitting lack of ox])eri- the quantity they need, neither more

i with others. This perhaps is bet- nor less, sooner nor later. From the

than a confusing list of the various most of them they rear workers like

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

148

themselves; from others perhaps
drones are produced.

This is truly wonderful; but more
wonderful still these bees that have
never seen their mother, and have
had no means of being- informed of
the necessity of a queen to continue
the race, set to work and construct
cells different from any before in
the hive; different from any they have
ever seen before. The larvae over and
around which they build them are fur-
nished with food in greater quantities
and, it may be, different in quality.
It is at least more thoroughly digested
or prepared as we may infer from the
fact that the larvae fed on it mature
more rapidly.

All of this work is evidently done
blindly, and positively without knowl-
edge or instruction; intending nothing,
meaning nothing, and not designing to
do what it accomplishes. The result
is the production of a description of
bees unknown to them before, so dif-
ferent from all in the hive that they
have no instincts common with them.

In like manner we might follow the
bees in all they do without finding
any proof that they have the least
glimmer of reason, or that they are
capable of departing in the smallest
degree from the blind impulses of their
unvarying instinct.

Jul

JE

PRODUCING BEESWAX.
Dr. J. B. Pons, one of the most ex-
tensive and most progressive apiarists
of Cuba, whose apiarian headquarters
is located in "the Valley of Hell," by
the way, writing under date of June
6th, cornplains of a very unsatisfactory
condition of the Cuban honey mar-
ket, saying:

"The honey producing business here
becomes daily less encouraging, as,
when good crops are secured, prices
are so low that there is no profit in
it for the producer; and higher prices
are quoted only when there is but lit-
tle or nothing to market. Last year
when we had a good crop, we could
get but 26 cents per gallon, Spanish
gold, and this year, with but a meagre
harvest, the price is up to 37 cents."

Seeking a practicable way out of the
difficulty, Dr. Pons says hereafter he
proposes to produce more beeswax, as
the price of this staple is always uni-
form and profitable, and asks what
The Bee-Keeper thinks of the propo-
sition.

Sixteen or eighteen years ago tl
editor of The Bee-Keeper publicly e:
pressed his opinion that the proble
of turning cheap honey into wax, ws
one worthy of experiment and caref
test, and outlined, theoretically,
method of operation that appean
practicable in tropical countries, b
the suggestion was met with derisi
comment by Mr. Hasty, whose offid
duty appears to be to say alleg,
funny things and ridicule ideas a:
practices not in vogue in Lucas cov
ty, Ohio, where he is evidently qu:
conversant with things apiarian.

The day has arrived wherein carer
thought is bound to be given this ST
ject, and we believe profitable resu
will accrue to the originator of a pi
that shall prove practicable— as so
one, no doubt, will do in the near '
ture.

The appliances, in working for \^
may be inexpensive, compared w
those essential to the honey produ(
and the market for beeswax has
ways been, and promises to contii
to be active at good prices.

With reference to the matter
hives, earth, or adobe, possesses
three-fold advantage of cheapness,
ing a nonconductor of heat and 1
of affording a surface to which t
will not attach the combs, so 1
the entire contents may readily be
ed with the roof or lid and inverted
the convenience of the operator, u
the walls.

The sun affords the necessary 1
for rendering the combs into the cb
est of wax. while the enduring war
of tropical -climates makes possible
unceasing secretion of wax-scales
the bees.

Dr. Pon's resolution is eommende
and his experiments will be wat(
with interest.

k

ITT

We believe we are justified in
ing that each issue of The Bee-Ke
contains more items of value to
readers than can be found in any
er bee paper. These items are b
clear and comprehensive. They
thus prepared that our readers
grasp the points with the least
penditure of time. If you see thi
we do then tell others about it, foi
more subscribers we have the i
we can develop the paper, and
more you will get in return.

905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

149

A REVIEW.

Wheu selecting material for this is-
ue, the following anonymous letter
as found upon the copy hook. We
dink, however, that our readers will
ecognize the ear-marks. — Editor.
So ye had to get that Rhode Island
liller to help ye out did ye? What,
e ye gettin old or lazy? Ye never
'^as lazy and I don't see as ye are
etting allfired old, so I spose I must
rant ye did it for the best. I'll see
ow ye trot together for awhile afore
express my opinion of the team. Now,
3e here, I want to talk to ye about
16 June paper. Taking to poetry
)me and its a good idee when the
jlections is good.

Sixty years among the bees is a
irty long time. Wonder what «ome
f 'em as has been boasting about
alf that number of years will uo
ow?

So Bro. Hall takes seriously our
iffy on the merits of Ontario honey,
e is old enough to know we uns
itter than that. How«umever it is
>od honey and after this puff look
it for the carloads of honey labeled
^ade in Ontario."

The Hanegan-Jacobs method of
lipment looks like a good thing and
"tliey «ay it is, that goes.

The Agricultural Department's pro-
)sed study of honey and pollen ca-
lcifies of new plants sounds good,
elp it along.

Progressiveness, eh! Miller's pro-
essiveness! It'll stir some of the
)ys, see if it don't.
French's story of his brick-tojp
)iary run for comb honey sounds
ther laborious. Eighty days of work
I one hundred and twenty-'five col-
ies will stagger some of we uns.
Just read Greiner's "Good Scheme"
:ain. Lot of good meat there.
Bro. Andre says he used to lose
lonies that were weak in the spring,
id stopped it by putting in new
rings.

Friction of the Factions in England
d Ireland don't seem as unseemly
Watson as it seemed in the Irish
!e Journal. Reckon if the seams
IS ripped all might join and fashion
aew garment.
Tariff revision of honey, is it? Well
me out of the discussion for I
ve no desire to get twixt the Re-
uonists and the Stand Patters.

Mr. Raudin is quoted as feeding
himi) sugar to his bees. Phew! If
Miller gets after him I see his fin-
ish.

The Bee-Keeping World is mighty
good, and thorn headings of the dif-
ferent paragraphs are prime fun.

Editorial pages. Say which is
who's? Wish I knew. No, I don"t
neither. It's more sport guessing, and
they are lots of fun anyway. Um,
how spicy! Quite a scheme, that of
slipping in apt quotations. Watch the
rest adopt it.

Well, I must flit. Ahhh.

PROF. SLADEN'S BOOK.

There lies upon our desk a neat lit-
tle book entitled "Queen Rearing in
England" by F. W. Sladen, F. E. S.,
proprietor of the Ripple Court Apiai-y,
near Dover, England, and published in
London in 1905. It opens with a col-
ored frontispiece showing a "Golden
Italian Queen" and an "Extra Golden
Worker Bee." They are produced on
a scale one and a half times natural
size, and make a very pretty beginning.
The work embraces Queen-rearing in
Nature; Modem Queen-rearing; Nuclei
and Fertilization of Queens; How to
Save Queens Reared under the Swarm-
ing Impulse; Drones and Drone-rear-
ing; Introduction of Queens and Send-
ing Queens by Post; Races of Bees,
Breeding for Improvement; A Scent
Producing Organ in the Abdomen of
the Worker-bee; The Honey Bees of
India; and Enemies of the Honey Bee
in South Africa.

In the parts devoted to queen-rear-
ing, introducing, nuclei, etc., there is
nothing new; it being but a description
of the cell cup and caging systems
well known here.

The chapters on the Scent Producing
Organ, The Honey Bees of India, and
Enemies of Bees in South Africa, are,
however, quite interesting. The so-
called scent organ is the little white
stripe which the worker shows be-
tween the fifth and sixth segments
of the abdomen, visible under certain
conditions. Many bee-keepers may
have noticed it without suspecting
that the little white spot had any spe-
cial function. To the casual observer
it looks as if the bee iu her excite-
ment had extended the abdominal
rings too far and that the joint of
one had slipped out.

Of the Honey Bees of India there are

referred to Apis dorsata, and a darker
variety of the same known as A. zou-
ata. both of which are spoken of as
vicious stingers and poor worlvers.
Apis florea is a tiny bee, very pretty,
building a comb no bigger than a
man's hand, and generally in some
bush. A. indica is somewhat smaller
than our honey bee, po*ssesses similar
habits to it, and is capable of domes-
tication. They are as yellow as the
golden Italians with which we are
familiar. A somewhat larger bl.ick
bee (not classified) i-s found in the
higher altitudes where it is kept in
domestication. They are said not to
sting but make themselvas annoying
by buzzing in the operator's face. A
similar bee was found in Ceylon.

The book is written in the careful
conservative style of the scientist,
which is decidedly refreshing after the
loose and dogmatic phra-seology com-
mon to most bee books. No price is
given.

Honey and Beesw^ax Market.

Denver. June 17. — The supply ol honey is larger than the de-
mand and some comb honey will he carf ied over. We quolc our
market Joday as lollows: No. 1 while. $2.20 per 24-seclion crate:
No. 2 light amber. $2.00: No. 2. $1.75. Extracted. 6 l-2c to 7c.
Beeswax, wanted at 26c.

Colorado Honey Producers Association.

1440 Market St.

BuHalo. June 12. — The supply ol honey is moderate, with light
demand. We quote our market today as lollows: 12c to 13c lor
lancy: grades, 7c to 10c. Beeswax. 28c to 30c. No new arrivals
noticed yet. Fancy old sells lairly well but lower grades very
dull and slow. Balterson & Co.

Kansas City. Mo.. June 13.— The honey market here is Irom
$2.00 to $2.25. according to the grade and quality. We think
that new honey, strictly white No. 1 will sell lor about $2.50.
other grades in proportion to the quality and color ol the honey.
Beeswax 28c. C. C. Clemmons & Co.

Chicago. June 7. — The volume ol sales are inlinitesimal: hence
prices are not considered to be important at this season. Comb
brings 12c to 12 l-2c per pound lor best grades, oil lots at 7c to
10c: extracted 5c to 7c. according to what it is. Beeswax sells
upon arrival at 30c per pound. R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 So. Water St.

Cincinnati. June 2. — There is only a lair demand lor honey at
ihe present time. We quote amber extracted honey in barrels at
4 3-4c to 6c. according to quality. White clover extracted at
6 l-2c to 8c. The comb honey market is practically closed lor
the summer. Beeswax is wanted at 29c.

The Fred W. Mulh Co.

No. 51 Walnut St.

Boston. May 9. — There is no change to note, in condition ol
honey market, Irom that ol our letter ol April 24.

Blake. Scott & Lee Co.

To paraphrase an early writer:
"Beedom is something like a barrel of
pork. The meat that'^s at the top is
sometimes not as good as that that's a
grain lower down; the upper and lower
endcj are plaguoy apt to have a little
taint in 'em, but the middle is always
good.

Four New Departments

I publish and recommend to vou THE
RURAL BEE KEEPER, the best all-
round Sl.uO monthly bee journal in Amer-
ica. On trial three months for this ad.
with 200. Or send us 50c for a three
months' trial and your name and address
on a two-line rubber stamp (self-inking
pad 2.50 extra.) Or ,

Send us $1.50 and get the
Rural Bee Keeper one year

and an untested Italian queen bee. Sam-
ple copy free. Agents get liberal terms.

We count that day lost which does not
show some improvement in The Rural
Bee Keeper. So soon as we can And the
right party to conduct the departments,
we will establish a department for ad-
vanced bee keepers and a kindergarten
for the new beginners. We also want to
benefi t our readers in the West and want
to establish a "Department of the Middle
West" and a "Pacific Coast Department."
Our Foreign and Southern Departments
are very gratifying to us.

We solicit your subscript ion and your
moral support.

W. H. PUTNAM

RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN

Are You Looking
for a Home?

if so send for a copy of The Farm and
Rea? Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
wLdfn it from nearly every state m the
Union; also city property of a 1 kinds ana
stocks of L'oods for sale or exchange, ho
that anyone looking for a home or a loea-
tio. ca.rfn.d anything he wishes in this
Journ-'l It reaches 33,000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
meTi.uns to reach the farmer and home-
seeker Advertising rates 2c per word
fo tn all iuls, or $1 per inch single column
each insertion. Send 75o and we mil
mail you th^ Journal for one year or for
lOo in silver or stamps we will send it for
wo months' on trial And Journa wi
be stopped at the end of two month* if
you don't renew. No copies sen_y^^«-jf

Farm& Real Estate Journal

Traer, Tama Co, lo-wa

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

^ J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
' • breeder of choice Italian Bees and
jcens. Quality, not quantity, is my mottc?.

|EWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHERERS—
Reared under svvarmiug impulse through-
t the year. Large, strong, liealth . . Send
r card. 'Can 1 Contiol Swarmlng'-Original.
itesied, 75 c.. <) for SSOU; tested 81.50, 6 for
ou. Choice SaSO High-grade breeders, $2
#l(t. E. H. DEWEY. Gt. Barriogton. Mass.

UK ENS HERE. We are still asking you to
i;ive us your trade. We sell Italians, Goldens
: 1 Carniolans at 75c for untested and $1.00 for
I ted. Prices on quantities and nuclei upon ap
j "ition.John W. Pharr, Berclair, Texas, .lanb

(A'ARTHMORE APIARIES, SVVARTH-
>• MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
tjhtest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
() ranteed. Correspondence in English,
1-nch, German and Spanish. Shipments to
a parts of the world.

W. GARY & SON, LYONSVILLE,
'MASS., Breeders of choice Italian bees
queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
rer strains. Catalog and price list free.

>NEY QUiiENS AND BEES for sale. I

extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.

Worthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

GORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
of Italians become more and more popu-

each year. Those who have tested them
why. Descriptive circular free lo all.
te J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ry.

NIC BEES. All other races are dis-
arded, after trial of these wonderful
Particulars post free. John Hewitt &
Sheffield, England. Jan 6.

-THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
' Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred Red
Clover Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians,
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

T

HE A. L ROOT CO., MEDix,A, OHIO.
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the year.
Untested, 66c.; tested, ^.00; select tested,
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-Mar
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

DJ RLOCHER, Pearl City, 111., breeder of
• Pine Italian Bees and Queens Our stock
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock guar-
anteed. Free informatiou. Jan. 6

I AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 1113,
L PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders for
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providence
strain of Queens. Write for free information.

p H. W. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
^* (Cor. Central and Freeman Aves.)
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniolan
queens, bred from select mothers in separate
apiaries.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENN.,
J has greatly enlarged ard improved his
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Car-
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately im-
ported. My own strains of three-band and
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's
golden; all selects. Carniolans mated to Ital-
ian drones when desired. No disease. Cir-
cular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an
exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send for
Free Circular. Belleyue, Ohio. (5-5)

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

t^~Under this heading will be inserted, tor reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

(5-5)

We are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCER
ASS'N, liM Market St, Denrer, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South W»
Street, Chicafo. (5-8

Cent='a=Word Column.

ORDERS WANTED lor 200 imported Italian. Carniolan and
Caucasian Queens. I intend lo go over there lor them the lirst
ol August. Write me. L, A. LOWMASTER, Upper San-
dusky. Ohio.

AGENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ties, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
ing Concern, Falconer, N. V.

THE BUSY MAN'S METHOD OF REARING
GOOD QUERNS— This leaflet describes the
method used in rearing the Hardy Honey
Gatherers (re .delsewhere), and if carefully
followed will produce queensof great merit.
No loss of brood, no cell-cups, and but
little time required. Large queens under
swarming impulse. Nothing artificial about
it. Eveiy queen-breeder needs it. Price 3i
cents. E. H.DEWEY, Gt. Barrington, Mass.

ITALIAN AND Carniolian Queens. The
Bankston Baby Nucleus and the Bankston
nursery cage. Untested queens 50 cents
each; tested 75 cents. Baby nucleus, nailed
ready for use, 35 cents. Nursery cage, 35
cents by mail with printed instructions.
C. B. Bankston, Milano, Milam County,
Texas. July 5.

INCREASE is a handsome little book tell-
ing how to form new colonies without
breaking working stocks. A simple, sure
satisfactory plan. 25c. Baby Nuclei tells
how to mate many queens from sections
with a mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20
pictures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queens
and queen rearing outfits for sale. Golden
all-over and Caucasian Queens. Circulars
free. E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa.

WANTED — The name and address of those a
where in the United States who expect to I
honey in car lots, or less, during igos. 1
St. Croix Valley Honey Producers' Assoi
tion, Glenwood, Wis. Aug. .

BEWARE

>vhe:re you buy your L-^

beeware'-

WIS!

/ iy/< TERTO WN,

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIl

Watertown, Wis.

Eastern Agents: Fred W. Muth Co., CincinrL
Ohio, 51 Walnut Street; C M. Scott & Co., Indp It.
apolis, Ind.,1004 E. Washington St., Norril
Anspach, K 'nton, Ohio, Cleaver & Greene, T[
Penn.

Bee=Keepers' Supplies

1 14 story 8-frame L-Hive $i

No. 1 sections Bee-way, per 1000

Plain

No. 2, 5c less.
24 lb. Shipping Cases, per 100 1

Berry Baskets, Hallock Boxes, Crates, <
kept in stock and sold cheap. Send for list,

III

w

R. F. D. No. 3.

D. SO PE R

Jackson, M

I .

Mate

Our Special Premium Offer.

We have be n succ ssl'ul in closing a contract with t- e Selden Pen iM fg

Co., of New >ork, wher by for a limited time we

can supply a guaranteed

$2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THE CElTRIC model i"

and The American Bee Keeper on year for only 90 CENTS, to ev ry
subscriber, OLD o NEW. The pe will ' e forwarded immediat ly up-
on receii I of i e mr>n ^. It is made of the best qu lity o hard rubber
in four 1 arts, and fitted with a eruaranteed Irridium point d 14-k GdLD
PEN. Th- ' fountain" is throughout of th" simplest construction and
cannot get ut of order, overflow, or ail to sup ly inkto the nib.

"A Fountain- Penisla; Necessityj
of ThejjTwentieth'^Century.*^

It dispenses with the iacoiiveaient'iakstand^and is'always ready for use.

'fOp PFI TRir^ IV\OnFI 1' "^'^'"^ 'he manufacturer's guarantee that
1 nC V_^CL1I\I'^ I'lWl-'LL I the pen is solid GOLD, 14-k fine. If it doeS
not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for anotlier, or return the fifty
cents additional upon return of the pen

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article of superior
quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience of every one who
vvrites. REMF^M BER that the olFer is for a short time onlv. 5=

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer. N. Y.

Special Notice
to Bee-keepers.

IB 0 S T 0 N

Money in Bees for You
Cata'og Price on

Root's Supplies

Catalog for the Asking

H. FARMER, (82 FRIEND STREET,
BOSTON, MASS.

Up First Flight^=

SNTS

YOU CAN DO IT

AGENTS

Mallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
Uiions, Quick sellers. Big money,
lite at once. Special territory
en. Largest Medallion Co. in the
|rld. Agents' supplies. Novelties
jto-date. Write now.
EITniversal Manufacturing Co.,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Read This and Do It Quick

All One
Year $1.40.

Without
Gleanings
80 Cents

The Modern Farmer,
Green's Fruit Grower,
Agricultural Epitomist,
The Mayflower and
Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbs,
Gleanings in Bee Culture,
American Bee-Keeper.
Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper, 50c
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Three Thousand Gummed
Labels for $1.00

1x3 inches, printed to your order, and
postpaid. Send for catalog, showing dif-
ferent sizes and styles.

FENTON LABEL CO., Philadelphia, Pa.

PROVIDENCE
QUEENS

FOR BIG HONEY CROPS

REARED BY THE MILLER SYS-
TEM. «s» IT IS THE BEST YET,
NEW CATALOG ON REQUEST, d*

^^

Lawrence C. Miller

p. 0. Box 1113

H-tf

Providence, R. I.

Three Months for Only ?0 Cents.
To a A ew Subscribe?'.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1861

It is the only ^ueekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only 81.00 a year; or '20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. YorK ® Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and music
"Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,''
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man o!,
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Mf
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popula:
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid fo
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupoi
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning ii
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a s/>ecial offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENl

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at j-our postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send j'ou our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

IpiK

•lltlo

l((iitl(

l!ir

BERGES

Dept. H. D.

PUBLISHING O

Grand Rapids, Mi

" Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

\tO

and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: "" -"sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
, For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

ew Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

Bhoii.J hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

0 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es-
sially for amateurs. Second edition just on'
rst edition of 1,000 sold in less thaa two year*
itor York says: "It i,!i the finest little book pub-
led at the present time." Price 24 centj; by
il 28 cents. The little book and

he Progressive Bee-keeper,

lire. proeres«''Te, 2S page monthly journal.) one
r for tj.ic. Apply to any first-clssa dealer, W

iress

JAHY MFG- CO,, Hi,giiu.,u.,K..

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^*^^ *° ^^^^^

Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of
TOE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addrtus in the U. S. A. one
year for 1') vents, providing you
ir .'utiou Aiaericau Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on
' arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul-
' ry and Fashion. It's the best pa-
y»er printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

2tf

Allentown, Pa.

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-

ry family

"~"^^^^""~~~"^^ MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy uf THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Home-Seekers th?it you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail you the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO.. IOWA.
10-tf.

MAGIC RHEUMATIC CURE

It absolutely does cure. It is
not a CHEAP remedy, but it is
a CHEAP cure. Mark the distinc-
tion! There are a thousand rem-
edies to one cure. This is a
cure. It costs $2 a bottle and is
worth $20 to any sufferer. Sold
only by our authorized agents or
direct by us. We wil send pre-
paid for $2.00.

Write for booklet.Agents wanted.

MAGIC CURE CO.

358 Dearborn Street, Chicago.

Strawberries.

Young, healthy, fresh, vigor
ous stock in prime condition fo
spring planting.

All

Leading

Varieties

Write for prices and terms.

MONROE STRAWBERRY CO

Box 66 MONROE, MICH

h

Headquarters for Bee-Supplies

Complete Stock for 1905 Now on Hand

Freitjht rates from Cincinnati are the lowest — especially for the South.

Prompt Service is What I Practice. Satisfaction Guaranteed.

You will 5avi- niDUcy buyiuvr frmii iiie. Catalog mailed free.

HONEY AND BEESWAX WANTED PAY CASH ON DELIVERY

\Kr(^P{\(^r f\i OllPPnc * LioWen Italiun, Red Clover ami Carniolaus—
U1CC;UCI Ul yuccilS -, ,„[. prices ,.efer lo my calaiof^.

OflBce and Salesrooms-^2146-48 Central Ave.
Warehouses— Freeman and Central Aves.

c.B.ar.mcben

CINCINNATI'
OHIO.

ENTS Wanted "washTng m

You can double your money every time you sell one

Ithey sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
pheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N. Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
111 'uit growing unless you read it.

f alance of this year free to new

u .cribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

fie Solution of the
Be Literature
Pioblem

Is never solved until it is
solved right, and is never
solved until you are a
1 1 subscriber for our Jour-
nal. A new corps of
writers has been s^^cured
to contribute regularly
and what they will write
will all be new to you.
Subscribe to-day. ^1.00
a year.

t Western Bee Journal
sburg, California,
Adelsbach, Editor
Publisher.

i

50 YEARS'
EXPERiENCE

Trade Marks

Designs

Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free wnetber an
Invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly conGdential. Handbook on Patents
sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific American.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, 11. Sold by all newsdealers.

iyiUNN8Co.3«'Broadway.NewYork

Branch Office. 626 F St., Washington, D. C.

Subscription, .... 50 Cents a Teur.

Published the First of Every Month

and Circulates in Every

Sonthern State.

ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLI-
CATION.

National Beei- Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Memberghlp Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E.FRANCE, Platteviile, Wis..

General Manager and Treasurei

Mtn-Keerfirs

ABooQ
For

How we make our hens pay~400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Boob, which contains
Poultry Keeperc' Acc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses evei' month for oneyear. Worth 25
cts, sent to you for IDc. If you wUf send names of S
poultry keepers with your order. Address,
e. 8.TIBUBRT. P.B. 96. Cllntonvilie. Coni>

1

'

ROOT'S section:

Best Goods Prompt Shipments Low Freights

At This Season Sections are in Demand.

The making ol sanded and polished one-piece sections
is one ol our specialties, and our output has reached
fwenty-lKree millions a year. Having an investment
ol thousands ol dollars in special automatic machinery,
we are enabled to turn out a product (hat lor quality. '
linish, workmanship, and accuracy cannot be excelled.
The sections are polished in doubie-surlacr sanding-
machines, and the result is unilorm quality, and the
same absolute thicknes- Irom end to end.

Our No. 1 sections are made ol the choicest clear
basswood lumber, and are all perlect in linish. and tree
Irom delects. They are not all snow-white, hut vary
Irom that to a light cream color: but we guarantee
them to be as sound and strong as the white. Choice
honey shows oil to best advantage in a section not too '
white, as it is the honey r.-ither than the wood that the
customer looks at.

Our No. 2 sections selected Irom our best grade sell
at a price considerably less than our No. 1. and arc
correspondingly lower in quality. The larger part
arc equal to No. 1 except in color, while some
have dark spots and saw-marks, or other blemishes
which exclude them Irom No. 1 grade. We do not
make the No. 2 grade lo order, but have them only as
they accumulate in making No. 1 . Many prcler this
grade when they see them at the lower price.

Styles of Sections.

Style 1 . t-,vo-l>i:eW(tv, has been the most

pattern, open top and bottom.

Style 2. tin r't'-l't'eifav , has been recomme

the Dadants, because by using it you can h.

closed or open and the sides open.

Style 3, fi'iir-/)fe~wav, is open on all lot
Style 4. I'n -I'eciviiy^ is open on one sicJt
Style 5. pinin, no beeway. used with i

clealei separators.

Style 6. (iovc till led all around and two be'

Prices of Sections, v

\\ by 4j by any width U to 2'.

Widths ol Style 1 sections generally kepi ^
are 1 15-16, IJ, if, 7-lo-lt., while 2. 1*.
can also be lurnished; plain sections 1^, 15,
1^. When you do not specily style or width]
send Style 1, 1^ inches wide. In Style 5,
will be sent il width is not specilied. '_

No, 1.
Per too. $ 75
Per 250. 1 50
Per 500, 2 50
Per 1000. 5 00

No. 2, No. 1.

$ 65 Per 2000. $ 9 75

1 25 Per 3000. 14 25

2 25 Per 4000. 18 50
4 50 Per 5000. 22 50

Plain, no-beeway sections. 4Jx4JxiJ. IJ. |
3Sx5xii, 4x5x1^ or U, in lots ol 1000
will be 25 cents per 1000 less than priest |
above.

Other sizes ol one-piece sections will be \^xt^\
lots ol 500 or more. Prices on applicalioifij
branch houses and agencies have lull stocll
have also agents everywhere who can suttl
promptly ^f

A POSTAL CARD WILL BRING YOU OUR CATALOG

THE A. L ROOT COMPAIS

MEDINA, OHIO

BkANCHES: ??

144 E. Erie St., Chicago 10 Vine St., Philadelphia 44 Vesey St., New Vei

Entered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla.. as second-class matter.

Homes m

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ind in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that product
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Grood water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

^ J* IN FLORIDA ^ ^

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
ebrated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groves on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most Important town In Brernrd
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

1b the best paper In the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue
Only ^1.00 a year. Write for
•ample copy. t*'

The News, Fort Pierce, Fla.

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNi
A monthly journal devoted to ag
cultural interests. Largest circulati
of any agricultural paper in the we
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, J
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
Itf Lincoln, Neb

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAIIf

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest lllustri
Magazine In the World for 10c a year, to in
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-date. 'F«
all about Southern Home Life. It
full of fine engravings of grand sc
ery, buildings and famous peoj
Send at once. 10c. a year postp
anywhere in the U. S., Canada t
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs o
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a cl
Money back if not delighted. Star
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.

When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeepe

Big Magazine

One year frt
quickly i n

_ duce it. I(

prefer it to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' H
Journal or McClure's. Send 10 cents to
pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept
D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

TV^MPS

A vest pocket Map of your Sti

New issue. These maps show
the Counties, in seven colors,
railroads, postoffices — and m;
towns not given in the pos
guide — rivers, lakes and moo
tains, with index and popi
tion of counties, cities and tow
Census — it gives all official
turns. We will send you p(
paid any state map you wish

25 cents (silver.)
JOHN W. HANN,
Wauneta, Net

ittj

11

■'! til

.NN'

Bee H i ves
Sections

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIALS AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
Wl LL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JMMESTOWN, N. Y.

YOU NEVER HEARD THE LIKE

Thousands ol Subscriptions to Leading American Publications
PRACTICALLY GIVEN

FREE

POULTRY SUCCESS, the leading poultry magazine now published, 48 to 112 pages per issue:
best writers; beautiluUy illustrated and handsomely printed: a monthly compendium ol best experience
and inlormation as to how to make poultry successiui: regular annual subscription price 50 cents. In-
valuable to every pouhry raiser — has purchased outright thousands ol subscriptions to some ol Amer-
ica's leading publications, and lor a limited time only^ makes some combination subscription oilers
never belore equaled by any American publisher.

GOOD FOR 30 DAYS ONLY.
Send us the names ol two poultry raisers and you will be entitled to accept either ol these remarkable
oilers :

FOUR
PAPERS

OUR
Special

No. 1 COMBINATION
POULTRY SUCCESS, new subscriptions

only
Agricultural Epitomlst 'choice of either
Farm News t

Floral Life
Home Magazine

Rural Beekeeper / Choice of

American Trucl< Farmer i either

Poultry Success (new subscribers.)

NO. 2 COMBINATION
POULTRY SUCCESS, new subscriptions

only
Chicago Household Guest I Choice of
Home Instructor Magazine i either

' ChoiCe of either

Blooded Stock i

American Stock Farm ("
Cookery Magazine i
The International i'

Choice of either
Cnoice of either

LIMITED
OFFERS
Only 7Sc

and any six papers mentioned above, only $1.25.

Wc can make you very special oilers on many other papers, including Rural Advocate, Missouri
Valley Farmer. This lor That. Rocky Mountain News. American Farmer. Farm Lile. Rural Mechanics,
Northwestern Agriculturalist, Modern Farmer, Twentieth Century Review, Mayllower Magazine, National
Fruit Grower, Green s Fruit Grower and Vick s Magazine.

Usually the summer time is a dull season lor subscription work, but wc have decided to make the
summer ol 1905 historic in a phenomenal increase in circulation lor Poultry Success, and hence these
remarkable oilers.

Readers ol Poultry Success find every single issue ol the magazine not only replete with interest,
but worth many limes the lull annual subscription price. By making Pouhry Success the best publi-
cation ol its kind, and giving best value, our readers are always pleased.

DON'T OVERLOOK THESE SPECIAL OFFERS.

This adv. may not appear again. Better act at once, and send your order today. Stamps ac-
cepted. Sample copy Iree. Address

POULTRY SUCCESS CO., Dept. 16.

DES MOINES, IOWA

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

Imported Carniolan Queens.

A limited number of choice IMPORTED CAR-
NIOLAN QUEENS will be disposed of during
July and succeeding months. I shall be in Car-
niola during July making these shipments, which
will be distributed from Washington, D. C. Price
Select Imported Queen $4.00. Write for rates for
three queens or more. Address, July 5

RALPH BENTON, 925 N St. N. W,. Washington, D. C.

BARNES'

Fool Power MachiD-iry,

I his cut represents out
Combined Machine, which
1.^ the tiest machine made
{■IT use in the construction
o( I lives. Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send foi
Catalogue and Price List.
V\ . F. & J. RARNES CO.,
913 Ruby St., Rockford. J)

FREE

A 25-word adv. one time frq
and our large 16-page 64-c<|
Illustrated Literary Magazi
one year 25c. This-for-Thl
exchange column only o
cent a word; sample magazi |
and particulars for stamp.

THE MONTHLY

2120 Brainard St., New Orleans,

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Beekeepers'
Supplies in the Southern Hemisphere,
and publishers of the AUSTRALASIAN
BEEKEEPER, the leading bee journal south
of the equator.

Sample copy »nd 64-pag« caialogue.FREE

e- 1 r

;h!0

20 per cent. P<ofi!

Pineapples, Oranges, Grape Fruit

Make a Specialty for Non- Resident Owner?
and Intending Settlers in the

Lovely Lake Region of South Florida.

20 er cent, annual return on investment.

Pure air, .pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pineapples.
Good title. Time payments. Address for de-
icripiive matter, \V. E. Pabor, Manager Pa-
hnr Lake Pineries, Avon Park, Fla. tf

Patent Wired ComD Foundation

has no sag in brood frames

riiin Flat Bottom Fouadatloi

has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the

quickest of any foundation made. The talk

ibout wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish

Wired Foundation that is Better, Cheaper

rid not half the trouble to use that it is to

wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN A SONS,
Sole Manufacturers

Montgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. 1.

t

Real Estate Wantetl

I

To supply the wants of Cash Buyers every-
where. Their names and addresses are
given in full each month in our clean, in-
teresting family magazine. Sample copy
.25, which will be deducted from yearly
subscription price of |1. if you choose to sub-
scribe. The first issue may find you a buyer
and save you a middleman's commission.

I

I U. S, Real Estate Journal

131 W. Brighton Ave., Steacuse, N. T,

^

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYTiilGHTS AND DESIGNS.

Send your business direct to WashinRton, i
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to XT. S. Patent Office. FREE prellmin- i
ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent (
is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN-19 YEARS <
ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," <
etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggera '
receive special notice, without charge, in the]

INVENTIVE ACE

Illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms. $1. a year.

F R SlfiPiFRiS^isFsv. N.w.

, Li 111 UIUULIIU, WASHINGTON, D. C.\

nTf If, BINGHAI
^ has made all tlio im-
7 provemeiit::'. in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made In ihe last 20 years, undoubtciJly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt sent

postpaid, per mail ;S1 5'J

8W inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00

2!^ inch HO

r. F.Bingham, ??,'l';\v-y ■,■■■■ ■'!

.- .. »«- . Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Piflich.

iPHOTOGRAPHSl

Scenic Productions and NOVEL
DESIGNS are our specialties
Many Northern Publishers are
using our half-tone copy. Most
extensive publishei's of Florida
views on the Florida Coast.

Q Florida

p

S Fort Pierce

Photographic Concern,
Florida.

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS.WORTHINQTON,

LEOTA, MISS.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mall. Saf* Arrival Guarantaad.

FR/ICBIS. ONE SIX TWEi

Untasted : . $0.75 $4..00 $7.

Salaet Unteatad ■ 1.00 5.00 9

Tasiad 1.50 8 00 15.

Saiact Taatad 2.00 10 00 18.

Salaet Braadara, aaeh . . .$3.00

Two-frama Nuelaus and Rad Clovar Quaan 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

'P

♦ ♦ M ♦ 4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 4 ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦

t QUEENS AND BEES

■f Have you ever tried my queens? If not, I should be glad to

t have you do so, as they ar e as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,

AND I GUARANTEE PE RFECT SATISFACTION.

I have three-banded It alians, Goldens, Cyprians, Carniolans,
Holy Uands and Albinos. Untested of either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, $3.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nucl ei a specialty.

B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.
l-5tf

AHEAD OF SHOOK-SWARMING

The Miircli Reviezv is now in process of pre-
paration, and will be out about the middle of
the month. One article in this issue will be
by H. G Sil)bHld of Caiiada, and he will des-
cribea new system of managementthat prom-
ises to be away ahead of shook-swarming.
It has these -idvaiitages: No shaking of the
bees; no handling of the brood; no possibility
of the (lueen being in the wrong hive; no dan-
ger of after-s > !irming; no increase unless
desired ( but easy to secure if wanted); no
queen celis to hunt up ai.d destroy; yet the
whole force of bees may be kept together the
whole season, and each colony may be re-
queened with a queen from a nuturallv built
ell.

This is only a single article in one issue P:
the Review, but it is a, fair sample of whatyW.
are losing if you don't read the Kevieiv, and III
what you will gain if you read it. Send 81.01
for the Review iOT i905; or if you prefer, yoi
can send ten cents, and when the^larch issut
is out it will be sent to you, and the tBil
cents may apply on any subscription sent ll
auring the year

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mich

m:

^[■^OU take the croAvded city streets,
c^ With life and shops galore;
I'll take the little woodland paths

Down hj the river shore.
You take the public gardens where

All is arranged by plan;
I'll take the .scenes laid out by God.

And undisturbed by man.

You take the fountain on the lawn,

And listen to its tale:
I'll listen to the little brook

That murmurs through the vale.
You live the artificial life,

And I will live the real;
And joy will come to me in mine

That your-s can ne'er reveal.

— Suburban Life.

152

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Augus *

AUGUST IN THE APIARY.

BY ARTHUR C. MILLER.

AUGUST TO MOST of us seeming-
ly tlie vex-y height of the bee sea-
son is ,yet a critical time in bee
management. The prosperity of the
colonies tempts to division and in-
crease. Winter seems far a^vay. so far
that it >seems absurd to think of it
much less take any steps toward pre-
paring for it. But the veteran well
knows that not only does the success-
ful wintering of his bees depend upon
his management now but that his next
season's honey crop will be materially
diminished by lack of proper care at
thio5 time.

Now is the time to requeen all col-
onies having queens two years old.
and by two years old bee-keepers mean
those which are completing their sec-
ond honey' season. Hence queens
reared in late July and August should
be good for the next two summers,
while queens reared last spring before
the honey harvest should be replaced
a year from now. Some bee-keeperti
requeen every fall, others permit the
bees to look out for this matter them-
selves, but the most profitable way
seems to be the biennial method.

At this time, when in most places
little or no honey is being gathered,
it is well and easy to weed out poor
combs replacing them with good ones
or sheets of foundation. The keeper
of but a few colonies may get much
pleasure in cutting out patches of drone
comb, crooked places, etc., and fitting
in their place pieces of straight work-
er comb. It is even possible to patch
out combs with pieces of foundation.
To the keeper of many colonies, the
sorting over of combs is often neglect-
ed though there is little question that
the work is profitable. The busy bee-
keeper, however, has no time for cut-
ting and patching, all poor combs go-
ing into the wax extractor.

If the apiarist has a choice colony
from which he wishes to rear drones,
now is the time to put in some drono
comb. The best place to put a sheet
of drone comb is the second from the
side of the hive. For very early drones
the best results will be secured where
the lower third of three or four of the
central combs are of drone cells. It
is well when going through the col-
onies now to fill out each hive with
its full complement of combs and get

the brood chamber in such shape tha
it will not have to be materially diii|oii:
turbed again. If some colonies hay
an excess of sealed combs of hone
the surplus may be given to less pro!
pcrous stocks. The principle is t
.so arrange the combs that the bee
may be left from now on as undisturl
ed as possible, to the end that the
may patch and repair and glue to the
hearts' content and arrange the
stores as their instincts guide ther
When man meddles with their wv
ter larder he is very apt to so disa
range it as to cause more or less di
astrous loss even to the extent t
death of the colony.

In localities favored, with a hon<
flow from fall flowers a surplus
some times secured, but often it
more profitable to let the bees croV
the brood nest all they can. If ti
colonies contain vigorous queens the
is no danger of there being too mui |
stored. Fall nectar is as good as ai lye
other for wintering provided there a It a
bees enough to properly ripen it.
the cool fall nights it requires a goo
ly population to ripen the nectar a
in all too many colonies at that s(
son the population is small. Vigoro
queens will prevent this. It is th
tiiat a contracted entrance and outsi,
protection are valuable aids.

Providence, R. I., June 11, 3905.

DISPOSING OF THE HONEY CR<

SOU:

«S 11

BY F. GREINER.

THE PROBLEM of how to prodv-
honey is, I believe, practical
solved. Every bee-keeper who i
been with us for the past ten yearalntii
acquainted Avith about all the kia^
f^liort cuts and general niethoiis pr
ticed by successful honey p)-oducers

The older bee-keepers, I beliei Iwd
could go on to the end of their cai^pi
and produce lioney with rea.sonai
success, if they did not hear or re
an it her word abouc bee-keeping &
honey production. But how Ave «
get the most money out of our holiMliir
is as yet an unsolved problem. T8
a beginner, for example, what is
to do Avith his honey? He is quite l
to sell it to his groceryman at anytlu|i5,ii^"
he can get, and take it in trade at th
I had some experience_again this p
season which shows that this is •
Avay some bee-keepers dispose of th
honev. I found the finest honey

I

1 1)01

)lr,
Loii

feliii-
itcir

!tOu.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

153

I \\'a.vlaiKl store, wlii(,'h had been
inuuht at 10 cents per ponnd. I had
Hit better honey to show than this
\ as, and I wanted 15 cents for mine.

The reason small bee-keepers will
<11 at such prices is, they are not
Misted on the market value of their
iioduce. If we could induce these
r lends of ours to attend such meet-
iiys ais ours here, such business would
topped. It would be more profit-
hie for the small bee-keeper to ship
i'S honey to the commis,sion man, he
ould thus obtain more than he can
t the average country store. This is
ly experience. I am not paid by the
ommission houses to advertise their
usiue.ss. but I want to say that it
my opinion, they have a right to
xist — nay. thej' are a necessary link
1 the chain between producer and
in.sumer. I ship (juite a little produce
» commission houses and seldom ob-
lin less than I am offered by produce
uyers. I do not yet see how we can
3t along without some middle man to
andle our product.
SuppOiSing our association goes into
le Imsiness of liuying up the honey or
nal)lishing commission houses in dif-
■rent cities. \Yould it not cost some
ling to run them, and would not the
•oducer have to foot the bills?
If we send Mr. Niver out to sell our
>ney. will we not have to pay him?
believe the commission principle i«s
<^flie right one. and I can not conipre-
■nd in what other way the National
isociation or some honey exchange
as it is styled in California — could
mdle the business. There is not the
sh procurable to pay down five per
nt on .shipments of honey. Where
ould that money come from? the
»ney producers have not got it I Tet
ly onp explain who knows!
I would, of course, urge every pro-
(cer of honey to sell all he can in
home market. But it is not true
Mr. E. R. Root -said before the
Louis convention that bee-keepers
lo peddle their honey obtain from
e-third to one-half more for it: at
ist it is not true here.
Many times I am unable to ol)tain
■n The whoiesale price (minus the
imnission and freiglit) and selling at
ail at that: not by the ca,se, but
the section. What incentive is there
induce a bee-keeper to peddle?
Editor Hutchinson said at St. Louis:
i'S jioor policy to send your honey

to a commission house and sit around
all winter bottoming chairs or holding
down dry goods boxes when good mon-
ey ciiu be made selling honey during
these leisure months." Well said for
Hutchinson, but I would rather ship
my honey to a commission house and
get my money in a nice big lump and
at a higher price than obtainable at
home than to fool away a lot of time
selling in a small way with many
unjileasant experiences thrown in be-
sides, even if it was necessary to bot-
tom chairs during the winter. For-
tunately though, it is not necessarj-
for a man to idle away his time in
that way, judging others by myself.

There is only one redeeming feature
about this selling honey at home as
I see it. It creates a market for our
product and relieves the city market
of Just that much. It is the city mar-
ket that governs the price in a great
measure, and the more honey we can
keep out of the city the better will
be the prices. If therefore, the honey
producers acted in union and tried to
sell at home as much of their product
as pos,sil)le. prices would graduallj^
climb up. I ship very little extracted
honey away, but Avhat I did ship to
commis-sion men has brought me 10
cents net. for fancy white put up in
glass. This is as much as is obtain-
able here at retail.

I want to caution the beginner, how-
ever, about shipping lioney to ever.v
commission house. There are i-eliable
firms as well as unreliable ones. If
the bee-keeper'-s crop is small he would
better sell at home until he becomes
known as a honey producer. His repu-
tation will be all the more quickl.v
established if he goes around peddling,
visiting private houses and grocery
stores in all near by places. People
vvill soon know him as a honey man
and inquiries for his honey will come.
Then if he 'Sees fit and prices are a(s
ceptable he can sell at home or abroad
as seems best in hi,s judgment.

I do not object to the establishing
of a honey exchange of a national char-
acter. But it seems to me the hind-
rances are unsurmountable. It will
t:ike a host of clerks to handle the
hone.v crop of the I'nited States and
it is not to be expected but that an
uni)rincipled element will creep in just
the same as it does now into the com-
mission liouse force. If Mr. France
could handle the honey all himself, or

154

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

t

August,.

some other man in whom we all have
implicit faith and who is absolutely
reliable, and if all bee-keepers were
honest, it would be made to work. I
do not expect to see the plan material-
ize.

As to what honey ought to bring the
bee-keeper, in other words, what he
ought to sell it at. we will not be
able to settle. The market value of
honey is a very uncertain quantity,
depending on the quantity produced
and the purchasing power of the pub-
lic. Pos-sibly some other factor may
come in for consideration. Mr. Root
carried the idea at St. Louis that hon-
ey did not bring enough compared with
other things. Our friend York said
honey ought to bring 50 per cent more,
but I can not agree Avith them. Gen-
tlemen, honey is too high now. That
is the principal reason we do not sell
more of it at home. When bee-keepers
realize a profit of from eight to twenty
dollars per hive, as it appears from
reading reports in bee journals, at the
low price of 14 cents per pound for
No. 1 comb honey, has he any reason
to complain? What other business
Avould give him an income like that?
Basing my opinion upon what I read,
bee-keepers are in clover; and honey
is plenty high enough. If I could ob-
tain Doolittle yields I could sell comb
honey at 5 cents a pound with a profit.

I do not oppose the idea that our
honey should be advertised. I believe
in It. If we can raise funds enough
I would suggest to use a whole page
of evei-y large paper in America for
a honey advertisement.

If we should make a selection of
photos from our apiarias, showing the
bees, hives and the ways we work
them, etc., having these reproduced
and appearing with our advertisements
I have no doubt it would draw. It
would open the eyes of the public. I
am obliged to agree with our friend
York of the American Bee .Journal on
this point of making a market for our
product. Naturally I belong to the
opposition every time, but there are
cases when it is necessary for me to
agree.

It will take a lot of money to adver-
tise our honey effectively. If we don't
pool our interests and let the money
come forth, it can not be done.

Naples, N. Y.

TIERING UP.

Other Notes and Comir.ents.

BY GEO. B. HOWE.

EDITOR American Bee-Keeper
am sending you some photos ol
bee hives run on the tiering ii|
plan for comb honey.

You will see that I do not believe
in the Hershiser plan of two supers
on a hive. I claim that bees have gol
to have a super two or three days bej

lai

ijTi

fore they need it for storing honC;
as the comb builders should have tj
super to build or draw the foundai
so the field bees can have a plae
put the nectar or it will be los
raise the supers up as fast as
fill them and put an empty one u
with full sheets of foundation
keeping them di'awing comb and
letting them cap any in the lower S'
per until the last of the honey floj|
I can get as nice white fancy hi
over old black combs as with

1905, .

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

155

ombs. Don't raise the first super un-
til they commence to cap a little in
ill!' center boxes.

I have had as many as eight supers
HI one hive at a time, but, as a gen-
eral thing, I think five supers are as
nany as should be on a hi\*e at a
ime. I have taken off four supers at
me time — 90 boxes and all fancy honey
xcept two.
I use an escape board. I never
ave any trouble with bees not leav-
ng unless there Is brood, or a queen

the natural shape of brood chamber,
to find a bee tree and cut it and tell
us what shape it is. I have cut bee
trees w^here the hollow was from eight
to ten feet in length and from eight
to twelve inches through, and where
the bees had used the comb for brood
was three or four feet in length.

Keep your honey where it is dry
and warm. Do not put it in a cellar
or near anything with a strong odor,
such as onions, kerosene, etc., as it is
very sensitive to such things.

I would say to Prof. Cook that the
queen ant pulls her own wings off
after mating. This can be ea-sily prov-
en by watching her after the queen
and drone separate.

Black River, N. Y., June 15, 1905.

PROFITABLE MARKETING.

ill some times be in super.
There is a lot of honey ruined every
ar in removing it from the hive by
ing too much smoke to get the beea
t. The honey will taste of smoke.
)w while most people like smoked

i?ats, there is hardly any one thai

1 es smoked honey.
I know that by giving plenty of

-pervS, and lots of ventilation from

Ittom of hive you will control swarm-

U to a certain extent.
[ would like to ask those who mak(»

U claim that the form of a cube is

A Suggestion for the Consideration
of the Smaller Producer.

BY J. MILTON WEIR.

REALIZING THAT bee-keepers
have of late years lost a great
deal of honey by not getting it,
as an Irishman might say; and that
the prices received for their limited
output have been ridiculously low, the
writer has been tempted to tell what
be Ijelieves to be the most natural
means of improving existing condi-
tion*.

Many bee-keepers produce, in a fair
.season, several tons of honey, prin-
cipally extracted, which at a net price
of four and a half or five cents per
pound, brings them only a few hun-
dred dollars.

Now, according to prices paid for
other goods, honey is easily worth two
or three times that which is now paid
for it. but the question is to make the
public demand it at the advanced
figures.

There are certain goods which are
on sale at all grocery stores and which
everybody uses, such as condensed
milk, canned meats, breakfast foods,
rolled oats, various canned syrups,
Uneeda biscuit, etc. These goods are
in practically universal use, and can-
ned or in packages have largely super-
seded similar goods in bulk.

If we could bring honey into this
class, the problem of marketing would
be solved, and producers sure of an
income.

Ilpl

till

156 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. August

As will be seeu, tliere are particular eager and curious, but seemed some-
features about these articles which what awestricken with the idea of a
undoubtedlj' have a great deal to do whole barrel of honey. "A barrel ol
with their popularity, and a definite honey!" they would exclaim, "Whyi
business policy in presenting them to we sell honey in pound bottles aiifi
the public. Such goods are put up in it is not often called for at that. A
packages of moderate .size, so that barrel of honey would la,st us foi
they will all be used before they are years." If they had been supplied witl
apt to .spoil or deteriorate. Such eizes honey in small cans, probably it woulc
are also veiy convenient to handle, have met with a ready ^sale.
The size, most commonly used weighs Bottles, jars and tumblers are to<
about two pounds. The package itself expensive for the small quantity o
is as inexpensive as possible to prop- honey they contain,
erly preserve the goods contained. Mason jars are expensive and ari
Not only is the cost kept down, but not a popular package for grocerieSi
the purchaser is not worried about Lard paiks are clumsy and apt to t»
spending hi« money on something to sloppy, while square cans are es
be thrown away. The wrapper or pensive and are too larg'^. Most o
label is made of an attractive appear- these ve-ssels hold too much or to
ance with a few brief and striking little to become popular. What woul.
statements of the uncommon merits seem to be the logical retail i^ackag
of the goods enclosed, printed so as for honey is the inexpensive tw(
to catch the eye; and concise directions pound, round. frictio«-cap tin can. Th:
for use. The whole idea is to attract is now used for a great variety (
and plea-se, and to convince the pur- goodc?. It is .similar to the commo
chaser. trmato can Avith the exception thsr

The manufacturer .of such an ar- it is sealed with a pressed tin ])hi

.tide Uvses every means to attract the which is forced into the opening, mal

attention of the public to his goods, ing a perfectly tight joint. This ca

Premium offers are often enclosed, and is cheap, of popular shape and siZ'

he advertises in all classes of publica- it is easily filled, easily sealed ail

tions. Advertising is a most important easily packed, and- could be display*)

factor in pushing sales; and bringing to advantage on .shelves with otiU

the ])ublic to your own way of think- canned stuf^. It would hold about thr»

ing has been brought to a science, pounds of honey.
It is a matter for regret that this is A suitable label should be pastt

a practical impo,ssibility for the aver- aroraid the can; and right here a

age bee-keeper, or even associations some important points: The lat

of bee-keepers, as any adequate cam- should be gotten up by some one coi

paign of advertising would cost many potent and experienced. The print

thousands of dollars. , matter should be bright and catch

It is suggested that bee-keepers prac- and should state the merits of the a

tice putting their product in market- tide in a brief and pointed manm

able shape similar to that described, so that it might be read at a glance.

There is no doubt that much better a few words might be added to t

i-eturns may be had by putting honey effe.-t that honev is a natural foe

in handy and attractive packages. Mr. coiLsists mainlv of grapesugar, and m;

Seizor has been extremely successful i)p ^sed to advantage where otb

in working out this idea in Philadel- sweets are injurious.^ It should al

Pl^i^- be stated that honev is apt to becor %

Most people living within easy reach golid with cold, but may be liquefi) fik

of their grocers give orders every ^v the application of heat. The

morning, buying only enough for the should be a space for the name of t

needs of the day. Being in the habit variety' and the signature of the pi

of buying in small quantities, for the fUicer, with the word,s. "Not genul

advantage of variety, they do not care nnless this space is properlv filled."
to take honey in large cans or jars. Long-winded. prosy statemer

The writer once attempted to dispose should be avoided, as they are seldc

of a quantity of honey in St. Angus- read.

tine. Carrying a sample of fine honey. If the public could once become f

he visited each of the large retail gro- customed to such an article, small pi

ceries. Proprietors and clerks all were ducers .should be able to dispose ^

iitiilti
bad

iati
teve

•a(i

905,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

157

lieir crop* of canned honey at the
ocal stores without the worry and
rouble now attending such a transac-
ion, and those having large crops
hould hud a ready sale with the deal-
rs in their nearest town, instead of
eing compelled to ship their honey in
ulk to the great cities, as now.
Distribution is the great problem
1 marketing any crop, and if the poli-
y here ou'tlined were carried out it
/■ould be solved. Consider a moment:
mall producers of honey are scattered
irough every county in every state
the Union. If each should sell his
'op in his own immediate territory
le honey would be distributed!
Heretofore when a man has made a
lipment to a merchant in hivs own
ty, that merchant has often reshipped
a commission house, taking his own
?rcentage from the commission man's
turns.

It is said that only a small percent-
?e of the honey produced is used on
le table, the remainder going into
anufactories. When the public de-
ands honey on the same scale as
itter, coffee or sugar, the supply will
)t more than equal the demand, pro-
icers will be able to sell nearly di-
et to the consumer and a great deal
business will be taken out
the hands of middle men to the
miediate profit of the bee-keeper.
Fort Pierce, Fla., July 18. 1905.

FOUNDATION IN SECTION-
HONEY.

s Use Strongly Condemned.

BY F. GREINER.

P HAS SURPRISED me when I
read what statements the associate
editor, Arthur Miller, made in re-
rd to sugar being u^sed largely to
oduce comb honey. It is difBcuIt
me to believe any .such a thing,
ssibly becaii'se I have never even
)ught of doing it myself and know

no other bee-keeper in my vicin-
who does.
But, as friend Miller has taken up
J cudgel and is hot after this kind

adulteration. I wonder if he will
t go a step farther and pursue the
her adulterators of comb honey who
only use comb foundation in full
iets, yes even with bottom starters

that, but openly advocate it« use?

elieve the use of foundation in sec-

tions is largely responsible for the
many stories of manufactured comb
honey, which are circulating as well
avs the i-eadiness with which they find
believers. A consumer of honey rea-
sons thus: "If these bee-keepers are
shrewd enough to give us a substi-
tute for the comb, they will surely
know enough to mix up the syrup and
do tlie rest."

Editor Hutchinson values comb hon-
ey built by the bees at 5 cents per
pound above the article that is built
on artificial foundation. There is ful-
ly (5uch a difference in the value and in
the cost of production. Comb honey
with artificial foundation as a base
should be braBded as a fraud without
each box of honey, each section, has
on it in plain letters: "Tlie honey con-
tained in this box is built on artificial
midrib."

Our bee journals could help the mat-
ter along by keeping a standing list
of bee-keepers in their journals who
Avill not use comb foundation in section
honey, at least not more than one
square inch per box, which is sulE-
cient to start the bees straight. I don't
wish to be too hard on the foundation
users by asking the publication of
their name^s. Wishing to be an honest
man, wishing to deal fairly with my
fellow-meri, I know I could not look
them in the face unblushingly if I had
outwitted them by selling them an in-
ferior article of coaib honey at a high
pi'ice, a price which in their inno-
cence they were supposing to pay for
the genuine Itee product.

Comb foundation is a good thing, but
the liealth food congress should be af-
ter it when it is used in comb honey
offered for sale.

The poorer an article we produce,
the more adulteration we practice, the
more we will have to advertise to
make a market. It would only seem
fair that the foundation users pay the
bill for the advertising to be done by
the Honey Producers' League. The
dues of the straight men, if they are
expected to join the League, .should be
so low as to be nominal. The good ar-
ticle will advertise itself; it is the
poor article which needs advertising.

Naples, N. Y., July 4, 1905.

Dull care! Dull care! the poet sings,

And smites his mournful harp.
My cares are more distressing things
They're all uncommon sharp.

158

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August,

WINTERING BEES IN SAVARTH-
MORE MATING BOXES

With Little Over a Half Pint of
Bees to Each Box.

Do not disturb them again until spring
when they should be examined and
supplied with more honey if needed
by changing the comb containing the
least brood, for one of honey.

To prevent any possibility of the

BY E. L. PRATT. queens wandering away from the clus-

OR YEARS the northern queen ter place a piece of queen ex. '"Tin^

breeders have been hunting for a metal over the the flight holej

plan to winter over extra queens inside. A three-quarter inch fl^^

in an economical way in order that
they might enter the market and com-
pete with the soutTiern breeders in the
early-queen trade. It is in spring that
the demand for queens is heavy and
owing to the northerner's inability to
furnish queens before the month of
June, prices naturally range quite
high and many a queenless colony has
suffered because of the inadequate sup-
ply of queens in early spring.

is none too large for wintering
in Swarthmore mating boxes. ;
Swarthmore, Pa., March ISj;

J
A HIVE OPENING Tf

T

BY M. F. REEVE.. r

ERE is a haudy imple'

have around at exti'acti'

or any time when you h'*'

to open. It is powerful enougi.

If the honey producer could winter ^j^^ ^^^,^^. ^^ ^ j^j^e or ^j^e •»

a numbei-^ of e^tra queens to supply ^^ i^^^^q jf you only have levt

to
at
le
k'

ough

The idea was obtained fromi

lar's jimmy at Philadelphia:

headquarters.

The one I had made cost me ,
'nts. '-'

I picked up a piece of nan

riage spring from scrap pile

the blacksmi

from it. In shape it was H

two ends to a sharpe edge so as 1
allow for inserting it in narrow crev
ces. It worked well with propolize
frames.

Rutledge, Pa., Sept. 13, 1904.

CHAUTAUQUA SEASON.

The New York State Summer Inst

winter losses at just the right time
many a good colony might be saved
which would mean at the close of the
season vso much more honey for mar-
ket.

I have successfully wintered queens (^pj^^"^"
in Swarthmore mating boxes with less
than a pint of bees to each queen and

have, I believe, solved the problem of t^e^ blacksmith"forge'"the"tooI
early queen traffic for the northern
breeder.

It is surprising how well these lit- 1

tie clusters of bees withstand the cold I

and blow of our severe northern lati- rj.^^ ^^j^^,^ j^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^21-
tude-the rate of death seems much ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ blacksmith tapered tb
less in proportion to the strong stand-
ard colony — but being in compact clus-
ter directly on full combs of select
honey, I suppose, they have every
chance. Where the full colony may
become separated these little clusters
are closely confined in a given space.
I have not found it necessary to even
cellar them. I of course pi'ovide shelter
from the wind and storm, either by

placing the boxes inside a standard tute at Chautauqua will be open f(
hive body with a tight roof (four to four weeks, from July 10 to Augui
a hive) and a flight hole on each side; 4th, and again arrangements have bee
or, inside a shed or small house with made whereby members of the inst
flight holes bored through the board- tute will be entitled to free gate he]
i„ ets at Chautauqua and to the privi

In making up these wintering boxes eges of the classes of the Chautauqu
I take up two or three cupfuls of young Institution Summer Schools during ti
bees as explained in my boolv "Baby entire six weeks of the session. Tt
Nuclei" and just before winter actual- conditions of these privileges are gi"
ly arrives l' iiive each box two fat en below. Members of the lastitu^
combs of good honey— do this on a will be exempt from gate fees J
warm day to give the bees a chance Chautauqua July 8th-August 19th u
to <?ettle as they like upon the combs, elusive.

{

ing.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

159

Members of the institute are entitled
to free tuition from July 10-August
IStli inclusive in any two courses not
starred of those offered in the schools
of English, Modern Languages, Classi-
cal Languages, Mathematics and Sci-
ence ind Pedagogy. See pages 4 to 14.
B,v -ial arrangement Avith the Prin.
ui, ' Instruction and the Director

>j,. astitute, principals and academ-
,, lers may be admitted to three

'^.^ instead of two.

Qf. ers intending to become mem-

^ he institute should upon reach.-

j. lutauqua purchase single day

^ for admission to the grounds.

a.j, , hey have registered as mem-
g,. e cost of their tickets, iC pur-

, during the above dates, will

Z,^ "'ned to them,

r COMBINED HIVE STAND.

COMB HONEY.

JY OTTO LUHDORFF.
1 B is the bottom and alight-
I'd nailed together, solid,
bottom-board is at m and n
to the main frame, either by
of leather or hinges; strong
is preferable.

At o are three or four holes, also
on the opposite side, for putting in
one nail on each side, on which the
bottcm-board will rest in front. By
changing the nails the height of the en-
trance can be adjusted at will, or even
be closed entirely.

Two cros,s-boards on the bottom
make the whole solid.

This liottom-board has the advantage
against the Danzenbaker, that there
are no grooves which collect dirt and
clog. The whole bottom-board is one
solid surface and can easily be cleaned.
No patent.

Visalia. Calif.. Feb., 23, 1905.

"We read in booKs a hundred awful
rule;<4
And, called to act, are only learned
fools."

In March, 1905, there was formed
in Chicago and incorporated the fol-
lowing month in Illinois an organiza-
tion called the Honey Producers'
League. One of its objects is "to
publish facts about honey ani5 counter-
act misrepresentations of the same."
It is ho]ied through the efforts of this
league, with the co-operation of the
leading newspapers and magazines of
our country, to turn the tide in favor
of the use of honey as a dally food
and also, as before stated, to endeavor
to correct the popular delusion that
comb honey is a man-made article.

Some twenty-five years ago a noted
"professor," in order to work off a
superabundance of "fun," as he termed
it, published the statement that honey
comb was manufactured, then filled
with glucose and sealed over, all with
appropriate machinery. It seems that
the press of those days was waiting to
welcome such a yarn and forthwith
scattered the news throughout the
length and breadth of the land. It
was so well done and seemed to be
so eagerly swallowed by the public
that its unfortunate repetition has
been going on during all the years. The
very best of metropolitan dailies, as
well as the most conservative month-
lies of largest circulations, have been
deceived by the comb honey misrepre-
sentations and have unwittingly aided
in its further dis-semination.

Almost for the last twenty years
there has been a standing offer of $1,-
000 made by a reputable firm for just
one pound of the so-called manufactur-
ed comb honey. But if there is any
such article In existence, strange to
say no one has as yet proved his claim
to the reward offered. The fact is,
comb honey has never been made ex-
cept by bees, as otherwise it is a
mechanical impossibility.

It is true that the liquid honey —
honey taken from the original honey
comb by centrifugal force — is some-
times adulterated with glucose and of-
fered as a pure article, but the var-
ious state food laws are fast getting
after such adulteration and either com-
pelling its true labelling or driving it
from the open market. At least since
the passage and enforcement of such
laAvs in varioiLs states adulterated
liquid honey is disappearing from the
field of food products.

100

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Avigust,

To sum up, tlien, auy comb honey
found upon the market in small woorl-
eu frames can be relied xipon a-s be-
ing- absolutely pure bees' boney. Of
course, tbe flavor may not always be
the same, as each nectar-yielding va-
riety of flower produces honey of its
own peculiar aroma, just as the purt.
maple sugar or syimp tastes of the
maple and not of the beech or oak.

It may be said, further, that the
prospects for a generous crop of honey
to be harvested throughout the coun-
try the next two or three months seem
to be excellent at this time. So in
all probability there will be plenty of
this most healthful sweet for every
inhabitant in the land, and each should
see to it that he gets his share.

GEORGE W. YORK,
Manager the Honey Prodiicers' Teagrue,

Chicago. — Chicago Baily News.

Don't Discourage tlie Fhiladelphian

A Philadelphian has e.stablished a
bee colony on the roof of his place of
l)usiness Avith a view to cultivating
bee stings for the cure of rheumati-sm.
The man may be foolish, but he is not
mad.

The theory of the rheumatism re-
lieving power of the 'bee sting, accord-
ing to rlie Scientific American, is one
of long standing, especially in some
country districts. There is a remote
possiliility that the poison of the sting
may neutralize the acid in the blood
which i-s presumed to be the cause of
rheumatism, but Professor Benton, the
bee expert of the entomological divi-
sion of the Agricultural Department,
does not think so. He himself suffers
from 1'heumati.sm at certain times of
the year, although he has been stung
by bees many thousand times.

At his own sugge^stion he took a hon-
ey Ijee and. holding it by its wings,
allowed the insect to sting his hand.
After separating the body from the
sting, the latter, V)y convulsive muscu-
lar action, forced it* way still deeper
into the flesh, thus supi)orting the the-
ory held on this point by the Philadel-
phia man and many others, that flie
<^ting remains active after sejiaration;
Init the ]>rofessor's observation is that
parting with its sting does not, con-
trary to poi)ular belief, kill the bee.

It appears that the immediate in-
centive to the Philadelphia man iiS the

announcement of an enterprising firm
of manufacturing chemists in the
Quaker city that it Avill buy up all
the bee stings that may be offered at
the rate of .t^lO a thousand, with the
purpose of monopolizing the rheuma-
ti-sm cure.

How to extract the stings profita-
bly was, of course, the most diflRcult'
problem confronting the PhiladelphiaiC
but he seems to have solved it in p'
Avay. Taking advantage of the weti
known antipathy of the bee to the,
horse, or to anything that i>s touchegL)
by the odor of the horse, he riibs a*
ruber cloth over one of these animalj^
places it in a position convenient |;o
the bees, Avhen the latter, driving ^t
it furionsly. bury their darts in the
fabric, and in attempting to draAV haJk
leave them there. Then the Philadel-
])hia man picks the stings out, counts
rhem. packs them, and when he has a
thousand of them he Avill test the sin-
cerity of the chemical concern.

It is sU'Spected in scientific as well
as in other circles that the manufactur-
ing chemists are advertising for bee
stings Avith the purpose of later on
introducing a rheumatism cure Avhich
Avill be 'Must as good." HoAvever this
may be, the idea that the bee sting in-,
dustry could possibly be monopolized
is pronounced to be utterly a1>surd by
those Avho are familar Avith bee culture
in this country. A hive or colony of
bees, -says Professor Benton, ordinari-
ly contains from 30,000 to 60,000 in-
sects. There are many apiaries in
the United States Avhich contain froro
1,.^00 to 1,700 colonies, and if these
do not average more than .lo.OOO beeiS
to the colony the production of bee
sting poison for the cure of rheuma
tism, assuming that there was any
serious intention of commercializing
tlie stings, would be suflicient for half a
year to supply the demand for half a
century. The only Avay. therefore, in
Avhich the bee sting monopolist could
maintain his bee sting plant on a
profitable basis would be to discover
some means Avhereby the number of
rheumatics in the Avorld might be mul-
tiplied many times over.

Stdl. nothing should be said or done
at present to discourage the Philadel-
l)hia man. It would be cruel to throw
cold Avater upon anything that prom-
ised to take the form of an original
enterpri-se in Philadelphia.— Chicago
Inter-Ocean.

mil
m

h

&^^

■♦♦♦»♦•♦• ♦♦♦♦♦MM»»»»»M»» Mtf-^

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors: F. QREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

AUSTRIA.

A bee-keeper by the name of
Gergelyi has come to tlie conclusion ac-
coi'iling to the Leipz. Bztg. that clip-
ping queens does not pay. He clipped
80 of lii'S queens and now complains
that the queens, when bees were
swarming, dropped down onto the
ground and niuny were lost. Later
swarms issued with virgin queens and
he was worse off than he would have
been without the clipping. The wonder
to the writer is, that no editorial re-
mark is offered, saying Gergelyi did
not conceive the object of the practice
of clipping. What did the man ex
pect ?

••^r»M» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ M ♦♦♦

operator will learn tliis after a very
few trials without any Insti'uction and
the same plan has recently been spok-
en of in the Bienen-Vater by the
Gleaner.

GERMANY.

GENERAL NOTES.

Pirson says in Praxis der Bzcht.
that it i-s a better plan to do the ex-
tracting at the closing of the bass-
wood honey season i-ather than to do
frequent extracting thus keeping dif-
ferent kinds of honey separate but al-
so secure rather green honey.

The same writer also recommends
the use of acid phenique for stibduing
bees. One-fourth to one-third ounce
with a quart of water. Saturate a
cloth and spread it over the expo-sed
frames. After five minutes the bees
have become ^^ubmissive and may be
handled with but little additional
smoke.

In removing honey from the hive
he would prefer to use the Porter
bee escape, but his hives are not prop-
erly constructed for its use. He wants
to use four of the escapes in one board
(a ^single one answers the purpose just
as well. The Gleaner).

When extracting, he says, run the
extractor at moderate speed at first,
"thus emptying the cells on one side of
the combs partially, reverse the combs
and I'un .it full speed, rever-se again
and run at full -speed. The observing

Doering proposes to solve the prob-
lem of effecting a sale of German hon-
ey by establishing an advertising sheet
and sending it out to dealers, hotels,
restaurants, etc. He suspects that 20,-
000 bee-keepers will join, raise a fund
to defray the expenses, etc. It is
hopeftil the scheme will materialize.
It all dejiends on the bee-keepers them-
selvCkS and the faith they have in the
undertaking. The cost of issuing and
mailing is estimated to require about
$10,000.

The gist of a long article by Martens
in Praivt. Bzcht is this: Eat plenty of
honey and thus save doctor bills and
funeral expenses.

Dickhaut has tested Apis Americana
for two years now and his verdict in
Leipz. Bztng. is this: They gather
more honey than other races. Italians
included: they are very docile; they
are most handsome, and queens very
prolific. Whether they ha\e longer
tongues than other races he has not
ascertained.

It is stated by Alberti in his book on
bee culture that most localities in Ger-
many are fully stocked up with ;.ec-s,
i. e., to the profitable limit, when as
many as 30 or 40 colonies are therein.
This may explain why Germany has
not many big bee yards, although ther««
are more bee-keepers.

Dr. V. B. very urgently advises In
several different German bee-periodi-
cals against the use of bisulphide of
carbon; says it is very explosive and
too dangerous to use by unskilled peo-
ple.

Hardy Norwegian bees are adver-
tised in Deutsche Bzcht.

n

162

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August

Here is the uew grading of honey Italianized during November. Evident-

as practiced by a certain German drug- ly, the new queens had laid a con-Bl)'

gist: Extra fine bee-honey, pure bee- siderable amount of bi'ood, a largt

honey — bee-honey, honey. Definitions portion of which did not hatch, (or

of these terms are not given. rather, emerge) from the cells unfi;

the weather was too cold for flying,

Valentin AVuest. a noted naturalist. It may not be generally known thai

observed that bumble bees often cut the abdomens of young bees wher

holes through long-tubed flowers to ob- they emerge are full and these mus'

tain the honey concealed at the bottom be voided soon after. In such cases

of the corolla. Thus they open up if the weather is already too cold foi

the way for our bees, which ai"e noi; flying, they are voided in the hive*

and thus give, at least, the appear
ances of dysentery.

slow of taking advantage of this wel-
come opportunity. — 111. Bztg.

SIBERIA.

During the closing of the eighteenth

LAYING WORKERS.
It is diflScult to requeen a colon:

century the Cossack.s in W&st Siberia affected with laying workers. Mr

began to pay attention to keeping bees. Wathelet advises giving a queen eel

Bees were imported as a starter. The enclosed in a cell protector.

conditions lieing favorable bees mul- • ■

tiplied rapidly and during 1902 it is FRANCE.

said in I.eipz. Bztg. "the number of

colonies bad increased to 15,029, from WHOSE BE THEYV

which was harvested 40,978 pounds of . ^ " • u.

honev and 4.077 pounds of w.nx (a veiy '^ f^^^''"^^' ^'^^ ^ r*" ^^ f n^

,, •/ + 4^i,„ ,.-+^,.\ and coming no one knew where fron:

..mall average, it seems to the writer). ^^^ ^^^^^,,.%g^ it. g^^i^ ^^arm final!;

BELGIUM went into an empty hive in

From Le Rucher Beige. neighboring apiary. The apiarist hai

PROTECTING COMBS. '^^^^^^ ^o be there and saw it go ir

^ ^ , \Yho.se propertv is that swarm ?— L

To keep empty combs free from the ^evue Eclectique.

moth, sulphuring (?) is probably the "

best remedy yet. Mr. Leger says, how-
ever, that later on other moths may
come and deposit their eggs; but that

TAKE YOUR CHOICE.

Any doctor or scientist can tell yo
can be prevented by putting in the box that the human skin is coated with
some walnut leaves (English walnut), very slight amount of an oily or greas _
The odor of the leaves will keep off substance. Recently Mr. Rouvier, pre

any kind of moth or butterfly.

fessor of biology and member of th
French academy of sciences, has sue
ceeded in separating enough of it t
make a comjilete study. He found i
to be a substance almo-st similar t
the beeswax. — Revue Eclectique.

CAMPING OUT.

A correspondent says that during
the flow, the bees go out as late as

they can md sometimes so late that

the nicht overtakes them. They then

siK-ndthe night somewhere under a EVAPORATION OF NECTAR,

leaf, in some crack or any other shel- Ttirning back a few numbers of th

ter and come back in tlie morning. It American Bee-Keeper, the reader wi!

is easy to verify it by closing the hives find a long article on some expert

at night. In the morning these out- ments made by Mr. Huillon on tin

siders will be found coming in and ti'ansformation of nectar into honej

trying to get in. These experiments have been exter

sively commented on by several Eurc

LATE BREEDING. pean" writers. Several quotations sho-W

.Mr. Wathelet says that one winter ing the flight of the bee when goin:

two colonies showed some signs of back home, have been brought to nc

dvsentery. .\fter examination, which tice. The most remarkable is one origlE

took place in a wanii day in January, ally made by Mr. Babaz, several year

quite a number of young Italian bees ago. He conceived the idea of feedini

were found. The two colouies had been very thin syrups out of doors. He say

k

k

1905, THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 163

hat the bees on comiug from the feed- prove it also. No experiment has been

Kr to the hives (the distance was about made in that direction. A small quan-
60 feet) expel some of the water in the tity of honey added when salting, de-
form of a mist, very easily seen, cidedly improves the taste and keep-
When the work is very active, this ing- qualities. A patent has been tak-
inist wets the grass and other ob- en for the manufacturing of condensed
jects imder the path followed by the milk, using honey instead of sugar.
bees. If tasted it is found to be To 100 pounds of milk are added one-
absolutely pure water. TJie same fact half pound of honey, two ounces of
s reported by Maurice Girard in his horse radish and one-half pound of
work on bees. It may be added here salt. The whole is heated to about
::hat Maurice Girard is an authority 90 degrees Fahrenheit and then put
n matters pertaining to "bee-ology" in the vacuum pan« and evaporated to
uid entomology. His position in one-third of its original bulk. The
France is similar to that of Cheshire horse radish is excellent to destroy
\nd Cowan in England. — Revue Eclec- bacilli and other noxious germs. A
tiquo. little of it put in a barrel of cider

will stop the fermentation by destroy-

PREFBRS SIDE-STORING. iog the alcohol-producing germs.

Mr. Dobbrar constructs his hives so

is to place the surplus apartments THEY DON'T FIT.

)ehind the )irood nestjnstead of above. Mr. Devauchelle has tried founda-

He says he obtains better results by tion made with cells larger than the

^0 doing. (This applies to extracted natural cells (I presume he means

loney.) — Revue Eclectique. drone cells, though it is not vei*y clear.)

The object was to prevent any possi-

THE WONDERFUL QUEEN. bility of the queen laying therein.

, . . , , . ^ These cells were built and filled with

In discussing the laying of queens ^^^ ^^,^^ ^^,^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^.^^^

j Ir Ignotus calls attention to the fact ^^^^ ; Q^^jy ^^pp ^ few eggs were de-
hat m the height of the season, a po^jted. No drones were raised from
uieen may lay 2 000 eggs a day. These ^j^^^^^^ however, perhaps because the
:,000 eggs weigh 40 grams. A virgin q^^. stopped soon af ter.-L'Apiculteur.
lueen weighs 20 grams. Hence
he queen lays in a day a

veight of eggs twice that of ANOTHER SECRET OUT.

ler own body. However perfect the The editor of the beginners' depart-

?ood given the queen by the nurse bees ment of the Apiculteur says that the

nay be. its weight must exceed some- wax produced in the early and late

A'hat the weight of the eggs produced, parts of the year is whiter than that

Something must be added to sustain of the middle summer. The difference

he queen herself and enable her to ful- of temperature is supposed to be the

ill her task. So a laying queen may con- cause.

;ume perhaps as much as three times ■

he weight of her body, of food.— Re- piXING THE PRICE OF HONEY,

aie Eclectique. ^, . . ,. . ■ ..v, ^ .^i.

The Apiculteur advises that the an-

nual meeting of bee-keepers of the

USES FOR WAX. country situated around Paris was

i Everybody who reads this knows held as usual on the 19th of June

Ihat oleomargarine is sold for butter at the hall of the Central Society.

)r consumed in place of butter. As This annual meeting is held chiefly

ong as it is sold on its own merits, in vieAv of setting the price of the

do not see any right to object. The pre-sent year's crop of honey. Other

)rocess of fabrication is described in Uieetings having the same object in

he Apiculteur. The only point that view are held in several parts of Eu-

nay interest bee-keepers is the tact rope. The idea is not to set the price

hat in order to obtain a salable or for the whole state, but only for a

■ather palatable product, a small certain locality usually the neighbor-

roportion of beeswax must be added, hood of a certain market. For in-

iThe question was asked if a small ad- stance, the bee-keepers of the portion

ition of wax to butter would not im- of Illinois adjoining Chicago could

164

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

AugU8

hold siieli a meeting and those around of France ;sales in very large quant

each important city do the same, each ties were made at lower figures, In on

tor their nearest market. The idea case as low as 9 cents. In the sam

is at least worth considering in this number of the paper wax is quoted i

country. None but the producers are 33 to 37 cents a pound, according 1

admitted to these meetings. Dealers quality. It must be remembered thi

either in honey or in bee-keepers' sup- all the above figures refer to extracte
plies are not admitted.

I:

WHOT^ESALE ABSCONDING.

This spring (1905) in the country
around Becoules fAveyron) a consider-
able number of colonies have abscond-
ed. Sometimes ais many as three-
fourths or more of the apiary. No
cause can be assigned. Nearly all
left more or less honey behind. —
L'Apiculteur.

V

honey

WE HAVEN'T TRIED IT.
Mr. Simplice reports that a sma
quantity of honey added to butt(
(when putting in the salt) improv<
its taste considerably and that ,suc
butter keeps much better than wh«
otherwise treated. — L'Apicultem-.

ADVANTAGE OF DRAWN COMB

A series of studies on the adva
WINTERING WITHOUT COMBS, tages of hiving swarms on combs

Mr. Ziche succeeded In wintering a now in course of publication in tl
late swarm without combs. He had Apiculteur. In the first experime:
it in a sufficiently warm room and <'' number of swarms were hived
fed it with liquid honey throughout empty hives and another set furnishi
the winter. — L'Apiculteur. with enough built combs to fill on

— one-third of each hive. At the six

GERMAN HOBlET IMPORTS. day all were weighed and those ha

The Apiculteur discussing the prices ing the combs had a little over thr
of honey .states tiaat Hamburg is be- times as much honey gathered as t
coming more and more the market for others. For a few days after t
honey importation in Europe. No re- sixth, those hived on empty com
cent figures were available. But in were slightly ahead in the amou
1901 the importation was 8,300,000 gathered, or, rather, stored. This .
pounds at an average price of 12 cents thought to be due to the fact tW
a pound. Nearly half of it was from they had less brood to feed.
Chili and about 700,000 pounds from A very large swarm which had
the United States. The Chilian honey half set of combs gathered eighte
i-s quoted at an average price of 11 pounds in three days. Without com
cents and that from the United States these eighteen pounds would have be
14 cents a pound. In 1902 the importa- reduced to nothing. The M-riter, It
tion from Cuba was considerably high- Abbe Martin, thinks that hiving wl1
er than in 1901, about equal to that out combs means a loss of fully fo
from Chili and the prices about the days of possible gathering and in iP
same — nearly 10 cents. The importation localitj' that occurs during the m8||
from the United States had also in- flow and constitutes one-fifth of 1
creased to a little over a million pounds honey crop, the flow lasting abo
but the average price fell to a fraction twenty days
over ]0 cents. The importation from.
France to Hamburg is small, but the ILL EFFECT OF THEIR "O'VSfc^,;
prices are quite high comparatively — VINE AND FIG TREE."

14 cents in 1901 and 22 cents in 1902. Mr. Weber states that in the autur
The total importation for 1902 was 7,- when the leaves are falling, the cole
550.000 pounds. The honey from Chili nies ])laced under fig ti'ees lose a c(
is decidedly inferior and that from siderable number of bees which lo
Cuba not much better. Both hurt the as if sick with some kind of paralys
price of the United States honey, as When the fact was first brought
there all of it goes indiscriminately his attention he would not believe
as American honey. A second case leads him to think th

The meeting of the Apiculteur of the there is more than a mere colncideni
country ai'ound Paris had fixed the and that the dying fig leaves may
price of the 1904 crops at 12 cents. But some how or other, poisonous to t
it is reported that in some other parts bees. — L'Apiculteur.

)05, THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 165

. NEW HIVE AND ITS MANAGE- recipe: Warm on a slow fire 1 pound

MENT. of honey until well liquefied, add grad-

Mr. Pineot uses to some extent and ^i-'ill.v 1 pound of flour, .stirring all the

refers a hive similar to the Heddon. 1^'"ie. A<1(1 also a pinch of ground

'he differences are that the sections cinnamon and 1-2 ounce of carbonate

^d.t re higher (a little over six inches) of ammonia. I'he carbonate of am-

nd contain frames hung in the usual monia iinist be dissolved first in a lit-

ashion. The sections and also the tie brandy. It takes a few hours to

over are double walled and thus have dissolve well. (I presume that some

II the advantages of the chaff hives, good brand of baking powder would

Usually, two sections constitute the answer the purpose.) Let the dough

rood nest, and one, two or three, as cool for about 24 hour-s and bake in

^ lay be necessary, the surplus apart- •• slow oven, until the crust is crisp. —

'tent. These are placed so that the L'Apiculteur.

ames are crosswise of those of the

rood nest. That simple change of A STANDARD OF STRENGTH.
losition prevents the queen from going What constitutes a strong colony?
p in the surplus. Needless to say ^Ii"- Pineot uses Voirnol hives. These
lat the sections are square otherwise i^ives are nearly cubic and contain 10
would be impossible. square frames about 11 1-2 by 11 1-2

To prevent swarming an empty story inches. A glass is fitted behind and
placed betAveen the two constituting a door or shutter over it so as to
le brood ne-st, the top one is turned keep the hive dark. When near the
cross, and soon the queen will be honey flow, an examination i.s. made
1 the new one and as fast as the loolving through the glass. If bees
iees emerge in the upper one honey are seen only on four or five frames
I'ill take their place. The description the colony is united to some other.
I not very clear, but I presume that With six or seven frames covered, the

I?mptj' story" means a story with colony i,s considered weak, and in his
npty combs already built. locality may give 30 to 40 pounds of

I Artificial increase is practised by surplus in a good year. A really
parating the two stories constituting strong colony covering the 10 frames
le brood nest. To queen a queenJeSv-; will under the same circumstances give
)lony, exchange one of the stories 120 or even 160 pounds of surplus. He
rith a good colony. — L'Apiculteur. mentioned the fact that a large swarm

I ■ of 13 pounds gave 110 pounds of sur-

FROM FRYING-PAN TO FIRE. plus beside building its combs and
A study of the effect of high im- '^'eeping 38 pounds of honey for win-
ort duties on the price of honey tei-.— L'Apiculteur.

1 different parts of Europe does not

i^em very conclusive. It seem-s that T^'SES A ROLLER TO ELEVATE
le snpiu-ession or diminished importa- THE HONEY.

on duties have had the effect of stim- Sometimes in the spring, or even
lating the production of "artificial" i" summer, there is some capped honey
bneys. And instead of being benefit- '" the brood nest that the bees re-
'fl. the bee-keepers have merely t'"se to disturb, when, so far as the
vapi)(Ml one evil for a worse one.— apiarist is concerned, such honey
I'Apieultenr. ought to go in the supers and make

room for more brood. It is advised to

IIGHT DISPOSE OF IT THAT WAY ""cap it in order to compel the bees

In the line of advertising honey, it ^'^ '"''^'''7 l^' ^^'^ ^''''''^^f '^ ^^^^ l^^

suggested to have , some presented to ""^'^PPed honey runs out, daubs the

uirch bazaars and other charitable ^l^^^' '^"'^ ^"^" ^^^^^^^ robbing. Mr.

ilej;. L'Apiculteur Beaux in such cases, does the uncap-

" ping with a small roller having teeth

Trr> «nT-TvrT~.c! ATT TDT/iTTrr. about 3 1-0 of au inch long and placed.

11 touurMUfe ALL RIGHT. about that distance apart on the roller.

I A splendid ginger bread, or rather That instrument tears the cappings
I similar kind of confection, can be enough to induce the bees to remove
lade very easily with honey, and is the honey, but does not cause it to
id to be of the best as to taste leak enough to do anv damage. —
Id keeping qualities. Here is the L'Apiculteur.

166

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Auguf

CLOISTERING HIVE.

Mr. Gouttefangas has invented a
hive 01" rather an addition to his hive
that could be "added" to almost any
kind. It has an anteroom, or closed
portico in front of the regular hive.
The front wall of it is hinged at the
bottom. Two tubes or pipes about
two inches in diameter, as far as I
can judge, by the figures given, ex-
tend from the bottom of the anteroom
through the roof or top to out-
side. The lower half of these tubes
is perforated with small holes. The
top is covered by a cap of .such shape
as to admit air but no light. The
size of the anteroom is perhaps near
one-fourth of that of the hive prop-
er.

The readers of the this paper may
remember the mention made about a
year ago of the "consignator" of Mr.
Preuss. This was practically only a
kind of wire cloth cage placed in front
of the hive to prevent the bees from
flying and yet admit the necessary
ventilation. The defect of the Preuss
apparatus was that the bees worried
themselves to death in trying to get
out. At least, a certain portion of
them did before the rest finally gave
up the attempt.

The invention of Messrs. J. M. and
J. B. Gouttefangas ayoids that defect.
The anteroom being completely dark,
the bees do not worry themselves out
in ti'ying to get away. The two tubes
give a far better ventilation than the
wire cloth. In fact, the apparatus
can be closed at any time without
any danger of smothering tlie colony.

But the reader will now ask what
is the use of it? This requires some
explanation. The climate of Europe,
while on the average colder than that
of the United States, is far more regu-
lar. There are no such sudden changes,
no such intense cold waves as here.
Furthermore, the difference between
summer and winter is considerably
less. The result is what we would
call very cool summers and mild win-
ters, and as a consequence in winter-
ing bees out of doors, towards spring,
a number of bees fiy out every day
that is sufficiently warm and very of-
ten in days not warm enough to ^y
safely. The result is a considerable
loss of bees during the early spring.

It is to prevent this loss that the

Gouttefangas apparatus has been i
vented. It is known beyond doul
now that the bees go out so mu<
during the early spring in order
get water to thin down the old honi
and make it suitable for brood foe
The Gouttefangas apparatus has
feeder to give the bees the wat
necessary or if needed, any syn
or honey whenever the apiarist thin!
best to do so.

The apparatus is useful in mai
other occasions. For instance,
feed weak colonies safely, to stop ro
bing. or to confine moved bees a fc
daj's and thus prevent them from g
ing back. Many times when workh
in the apiary during a dearth of hont
I haA'e wished for some way to clo
all the hives and work in peace
long as I wanted to.

III!
IE

Fifte

LONG MEMORIES.
A correspondent in July, 1901, mov
some of his colonies in another
cality to take advantage of large fiel
of buckwheat. Seven weeks lal
they were brought back. Twelve c
onies were placed in another part
the apiary for some reason or oth
During the first few days they wf
frequently to the old place, and fr<
there to their hives. But that was (
ly during a few days. The remarl
ble part of it is that the same fs
occurred the following spring. Foi
few days the bees from the displac
colonies, when coming from the fie
went first to their original stands a
from there to their hives. — L'Apic
teur.

Another con-espondent hives 1
•swarms on foundation that has alrea
been drawn in full colonies. — L'A
culteur.

LONG LIVED.
:Mr. Gapponi reports that a colo
bf'came queenless on the 27th of Ap
1902. That was the only Italian que
of the whole neighborhood. Anott
queen, a black one, was given.
:May, 1903. a year later, there W€
yet in that colony a few Italian be
— L'Apiculteur.

We would caution our readers w
live in cities, towns or villages, agalr
permitting their bees storing the jui
of Electric Currents.

\n

k,\

\merican Bee=Keeper

lARRY E. HILL,
iRTHUR C. MILLER,

905,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

167

THE

excellent article on the honey situa-
tion. It can not fail to result ad-
vantageously to producers of pure hon-
ey.

PUBLISHED MONTHLW

THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO.

Proprietors.

UBLISHING OFFICE, - - - Fort Pierce Fla.
lOME OFFICE. Falconer, N. Y.

- - - - Editor-
Associate Editor

Terms.

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
eents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
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^Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
tostal union, and 20 cents extra to all othi
ountries.

Advertising Rates.

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
|Qch. Five per cent, discount for two inser-
ions; seven per cent, for three insertions;
wenty per cent, for twelve insertions.

Advertisements must be received on or be-
ore the 15th of tSich month to insure inser-
ion in the month following.

Matters relating in any way to business
hould invariably be addressed to
1 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

Articles for publication or letters exclusively
or the editorial department may be addressed
H. E. HILL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
Trapper will know that their subscription ex-
►ires Mrith this number. We hope that yo,
rill not delay favoring us with a renewal.

A red wrapper on your paper indicate?; tl -
'ou owe for your subscription. Please give th
Datter yonr early attention.

BMtorial.

In the July Amencan Bee-Keeper
Mr. Davis took the writer to task lor
ioubting the story of the bees -seal-
ing a snail to the floor of their hive
with propolis. ThikS was cited by Bevan
as an example of the wisdom of bees,
rhe fact of the bees so sealing a snail
was not doubted, but that it was an
evidence of wisdom or thought on the
part of the bees was ishown tO' be
wrong, as the bees will sOi treat a peb-
ble or any other object which they
an not move.

A. C. M.

Manager York, of the Honey Pro-
lueers' League, has recently had pub-
lished in the Chicago Daily News an

In this day of short crops and short-
er prices, bee-keepers are alert for
"short cuts" and kinks which tend to
facilitate their work. In view of this
fact, the said bee-keepers will doubt-
less be pleased to note that Editor
Root finds an automobile a great ad-
vantage to one looking after an out-
apiary.

Mrs. Sarah A. Smith, of Grant, Fla.,
writes to have her copy of The Bee-
Keeper changed to Brooklyn, N. Y.,
where she i-s going to undertake the
sale of honey. Mrs. Smith, it may be
remembered, is the one who advocated
the theory that, "the way to raise the
price of honey is to raise it." It is
to be hoped that Mrs. Smith may be
successful in materially increasing the
market price of honey in Brooklyn.

Leslie Burr, in Gleanings, reports
black mangrove in the swampy lands
of Cuba, near the sea, and says that
said "swampy lands" are the home of
the "hungriest mosquitoes in the
world." While this corroborates
several other reports which we
have received, that the black
mangi"<ove does grow in the
West Indies, and in some places very
extensively, it also proves Mr. Burr's
ignorance of the mosquito question.
Florida's horde of hungry mosquitoes
have from time immemorial vigorously
defended the world's championship belt
in the fastness of its mangrove
swamps, and no mere statement of an
envious Cuban is likely to wrest from
Uncle Sam's "skeets'' their long-cher-
ished trophy. Burr should spend a
season in Florida swamps before he
goes on record.

HUSTLING CALIFORNIA.
Mr. .T. F. Mclntyre, the noted apiar-
ist of California, said in the June
Review: "It is my opinion that a
man can not run out apiaries and be
as happy as he was when one apiary,
one wife and two or three babies were
all he had." Are we expected to in-
fer from this that he adds a wife and
set of babies with each apiary?

168

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

August

CANDIED HONEY.
The editor of the Rural Bee-Keeper
asks: "What ks the best method of
getting: candied honey out of barrels?"
Remove the hoops and take the barrel
off of the honey. Ask us an easier one.

SIBBALD'S CONTROLLED SWARM-
ING.
The editor of the Review objects
to our statement regarding the point
In which the so-called Sibbald system
of controlled swarming differs from
others. With the usual systems of
forced or controlled swarming part or
all of the bee,s with the queen are
put on the old stand and the brood
with or without bees goes elsewhere,
sometimes to be later reunited and
sometimes not. With the Sibbald
plan the bees and a queen cell go to the
old stand, and the queen and brood to
another, union following later. The
two systems dilfer only in the use
of a cell instead of the queen with
the forced swarm. If this is not the
kernel of the Sibbald system what is?

ly larger than a virgin. Nature has S'
ordained things for two reasons, th
first of v/hich is that the queen cai
fly; for, if taken from the colony whei
no such preparation has been mad€
she can not fly at all, as -she is s
heavy with eggs. The second reasoi
is that the queen need not be damB
aged by an over-accumulation of egg
before there is time for the bees t
consti-uct comb in the new home fo

her to deposit her eggs in.'

Tfi

cart is so far before the horse tha
it will be difficult for the latter eve
to catch up. We would suggest tha
the author of the quoted paragraph
make another guess.

TOBACCO FOR QUEEN INTRODT'C
TION.
Mr. Hutchinson of the Review has
again become a keeper of bees, and
has recently rediscovered the value of
tobacco smoke in introducing queens
directly to the bees without the cus-
tomary intermediate caging. Incident-
ally he wonders if he would not have
had equally good results with some
other kind of ,smol^e. We can answer
that question in the afl3rmative and
restate as we have many times before
that it is not the odor imparted to the
queen or bees but their mutual con-
dition of nerves. Tobacco smoke works
more quickly than wood smoke, that
is all, but tobacco smoke is one of
the things the novice will do well to
let alone as when unwisely used it
can cause more troul^le among the
bees than anything we know of.

VERY MUCH AWAKE.

In the Bee-lveeping World deparl
ment of the .Tune issue Mr. Greine*
quoted from Kvieger. in"Schl. Hols^
Bztg., "The bee-keepers of Hollan.
are asleep. Nothing is ever heard o
them."

Editor J. C. Bosch, of the Maand«
chrift voor Bi.ienteelt, published a
Beverwijk, Holland, writes that h
feels confident that the bee-keepers c
Holland are very much awake; tha
they have a bee-keepers' a,s«ociatio
of 2.(100 members, which is doing muc
to advance apicultural interests i
Holland, and asks for the expressio
of a better opinion of his countrs
men.

The American Bee-Keeper was nc
responsible for the misleading stat(
ment, and regrets that it should hav
given it additional publicity.

We are sure that the foregoing W
of real information in regard" to Ho!
land bee-keeping will be of interes
to our readers, and somewhat of
surprise, as well

SOPHISM.
As a sample of redundant sophistry
of much of the bee-literature of the
day the following is a gem: "All ob-
serving apiarists know that, as the
season for swarming draws on apace,
and tlie colony is about to cast a
swarm, the queen ceases her prolific-
iiess, so as to be able to fly and go
with the swarm, so that, when swarm-
ing does occur, said queen is scarce-

A BEAUTIFUL MAGAZINE.

One of the most beautiful example
of the modern art of magazine mak
ing that has come to our notice, is th
new monthly .lournal, "La Hacienda,
published in the Spanish language, a
Buffalo, N. Y., by La Hacienda Com
pany. 1336 Prudential building. It i
devoted exclusively to agricultural al
fairs in the tropics, and will be to ou
Spanish-speaking neighbors to th
southward, what Country Life h
America is to the United States. It
perfect typography, splendid illustra
tions, artistic make-up and instructive
text render its pages a veritable store

ti

tt905,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

169

[loiise of delightful entertaiument avail-
able to those who read "the language
bf love,"— Castillano. The subscrip-
tion price is $2.50 gold, per annum.

TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC.

Anything which may tend to eulight-
-1 m the public in regard to any phase
3f the honey business, and particular-
ly as to its advantages over many
jtltr commercial sweets for rable use,
s commendable.

As an initial step in this matter of
education, the Honey Producers'
I League has published a circular to be
listributed through the manufacturers
>f supplies, by enclosing them with
u-]i shipment of sections sent out.
Producers are invited to make use
)f them in every way that may ap-
ear advantageous, and beneficial re-
niiis are anticipated. The circular is
is follows:

rO THE PURCHASERS OF THIS HONEY

The producer of this Comb Honey,
ind also the undersigned, guarantee
iiat the product in these sections, or
small frames, was all made by honey-
bees.

There is no such thing as manufac-
tured comb honey. It never was made,
and never can be, newspaper and mag-
rj, azine articles to the contrary. If any
one says there is such a thing as
manufactui'ed comb honey on the mar-
ket, just tell that person that the
National Bee-keepers' Association, an
organization of over 2,000 members,
through its General Manager, N. E.
France, of Platteville, Wis., will pay
pi.OOO for proof of such machine-made
icombs filled with glucose or any other
cheap syrup, and capped over by
means of machinei-y without the aid
of liees. Also, a corporation capital-
ized at .$300,000. all paid in, has had
If or many years a standing offer of a
like sum for the same so-called manu-
factured comb honey as described, and
the offer is still good. In addition to
this, the bee-expert, a life-long bee-
keeper, now in the employ of the De-
partment of Agriculture at Washing-
ton, has repeatedly, in government
bulletins and in public addresses, de-
nied the existence of any such prod-
uct. For evidence of this fact, refer
to the report of the Secretary of Ag-
rienltnre for 1904, page 83; also to
Farmers' Bulletin No. 59. for 1905.
pages 32 and 34, also issued by the

Department of Agriculture, entitled
"Bee-keeping," by Frank Benton.

It may be well to state that the bas-
is foi' these comb-honey canards is pos-
sibly due to the fact that the flavor of
honey in one locality may be very
different from that of another; that
when one tastes of a honey quite dif-
ferent in color and flavor from that
which he used to eat on the old farm,
he concludes it is adulterated or man-
ufactured, especially if it be of poor
quality. As a matter of fact, the comb
honey from California is just as dif-
ferent from the same article produced
in the Central and Eastern States as
the fruits of that State are different
from tho-se in New England. In the
same way, the honey from Texas
differs very widely from that produced
in Ohio, or honey from Florida from
that in Texas. Some honeys, like that
from buckwheat, are very dark; oth-
ers are not only dark but ill-flavored,
and should never be sent to market,
but be sold to the baker or fed back
to bees for rearing young bees.

Two-thirds of the States in the
Union have pure-food laws; and one
may rest assured that, in all the States
where such laws are in force, both
honey in the comb and in the liquid
condition, generally called "extracted,"
is and must be the genuine product of
the hive.

The oft- repeated misstatements
about adulterated honey and manufac-
tured comb honey in the newspapers
and magazines has made it necessary
for The Honey Producers' League to
put out this statement, for the reason
that the general public has come to
believe that a large part of the honey
in the market is adulterated or manu-
factured. If the dealer will join with
the bee-keepers in helping correct these
monstrous lies, it Avill m.aterially in-
crease his sales of both comb and
liquid honey.

THE HONEY PRODUCERS' LEAGUE.

GEORGE W. YORK, Manager,

Chicago, 111.

N. B. — Do not store comb honey in
a refrigerator, cold storage, or cellar.
These are the very worst places you
can put it. It should always be kept
in the warmest and driest room you
have. It is advisable to keep liquid
or extracted honey in the same warm
dry place.

170

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Augus

ACCEPTED.
As an absurdity to equal Mr. Clark's
sting-trowel theory, the following, by
Mr. Doolittle, recently published in the
American Bee Journal, is eminently
satisfactory:

HOW BEES BUILD CELLS WITH
EXACTNESS.

"The question is asked, 'How can
so many insects, occupied at once on
the edge of combs where it is dark,
as in a bee-hive, concur in giving them
the common curvature from one ex-
tremity to the other, as is found in
the comb of the honey-bee?' It is
supposed that this direct mathematical
work is done by actual measurement,
as each bee has a square or rule to
measure by. in the shape of the an-
tennae. All who have observed the
antennae of the honey-bee know that
there is a .iolnt in each, out toward its
end. In building worker-comb, which
is five cells to the inch, this joint is
closed like a jackknife, so that when
the antennae thus closed are straight-
ened out on each side of the head, the
folded joints just touch the walls of
the cell, and thus each bee is enabled
to work in harmony with every other
bee In the hive, and we have every
cell of worker-comb as nearly exact as
the average carpenter can make a du-
plicate of the work of another carpen-
ter.

"In building drone-comb the anten-
nae are straightened out fully straight,
so that they touch the walls of the
cells when fully extended at the ex-
ti-eme outside points, and by so doing
larger cells are made, or those num-
bering four cells to the inch, which is
the size of cells in drone-couib: and
tlicse are as uniform as +0 size as are
those of the worker pattern. In this
M^v. see the wisdom of a kind Provi-
dciice, which placed witliin the bee an
instinctive capacity as great, according
to its wants, as is the reasoning ca-
pacity in man."

WE BE BRETHREN.

As an index of the amicable spirit
prevailing among the trade journals
ot beedom, the followmg extracts are
presented. The American Bee-Keeper
graciously acknowledges these cour-
tesies and appreciates the fraternal
feeling responsible therefor:

Arthur C. Miller has made his edi-
torial bow in The American Bee-Keep-
er, as associate editor with Harry E.

Hill, who, for more than seven year
has occupied alone the tripod. M
]\Iiller is well known as a vigoroi
writer, and the editorial utteranc(
of The American Bee-Keeper, whic
have been by no means of the insip:
order, are not likely to fall off in ii
terest because of the new associai
hand at the helm. — American Bf
Journal.

Arthur C. Miller, I am pleased vl
announce, has consented to become oi;
of the editors of the American Be|
Keeper. Mr. Miller' has had a lot <|
experience as a bee-keeper, especial I
that of an experimental, scientific kinl
has a good education, wields a faci
pen, and he and Bro. Hill will certat
ly make a "team." The American B©'
Keeper is to be congratulated. — B©
Keepers' Review.

The American Bee-Keeper has late 'j
added to its editorial staff, in the p
sition of associate editor, Mr. Arttni
C. Miller. That journal was alreac
strong editorially; but its late acqt
sition will make it still stronger, i
Mr. Miller is an enthusiast on beC'
an old experienced bee-keeper and
careful observer. — Gleanings in B
Culture.

Editor Hill, of The American B©
Keeper, has taken to himself a c(
league in the person of the celebrat*
Arthur C. Miller, of whom he says:
"It is questionable if the world tod£
holds a more thorough and alert st
dent of practical and scientific apici
ture. or one who has the ability
more clearly express his ideas in wri
ing." Thus the "A.B.K." will be rt
by two able and famous men, workir
in double haimess. There will be son
high stepping and record breaking i
Florida presently. See our "Clubbin
List." — Irish Bee Journal.

We note that Arthur C. Miller :
now the associate editor of The Am©
ican Bee-Keeper, published at Foi
Pierce, Florida. Mr. Miller is an ai
thority on bees and bee-keeping, an
we shall expect to see him do som
splendid work In his new capacit
The American Bee-Keeper is alread
a splendid pulilication, and if there i
any chance for it, it will be mad
still better. We congratulate tbj
American Bee-Keeper on securing e
valuable an addition to its staff. Hai

in

If.
tai

in

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

171

Mill, the editor, has -worked hard
several years to build up that pa-
er. and that he has made a success
f his undertaking can not be question-
iJ. — Western Bee Journal.

as his permanent home, and he i« now
enjoj^ng the merited reward for a few
years of intelligently applied industry.

A WANTON WASTE.

The destruction of hives, frames,
onibs and honey of colonies afflicted
'ith foul brood is a senseless and

asteful practice. Combs and honey
lay be melted down, the wax saved,
nd the honey, after having an equal
uantity of water added to it, boiled
ard and fed back to the bees. Hives,
"ames and all utensils if dipped into

boiling and strong solution of pot-
sh will be cleaned and perfectly ster-
ized. The only thing to be burned
eiug the refuse from the wax, or this
lay be thrown into the hot potash
jlution after further use for that is
one, and the whole turned into the
3il.

After hives, frames, etc., have been
eaned in the potash solution they
aould be rinsed in clear or acidulated
'ater to remove the excess of potavsh.

We have repeatedly requested our

aders to send all subscriptions and
usiness letters to our Falconer, N.
office, yet scarcely a day passes
1 which we do not receive letters en-
losing money, at the Florida office,
igain, we beg to ask our readers will
ot send orders for subscriptions to

ort Pierce. The fact is, we have been
o long asociated with the editorial
epartment of The Bee-Keeper that

e have no use for more money.
Vhen you enclose a subscription, ad-
ress it to The American Bee-Keeper,
"alconer, N. Y., and it will have

rompt and careful attention.

Mr. W. S. Hart, the urbane apiarist
nd orange grower of Hawks Park,
fla., who occasionally favors our col-
mns with a contribution, ^starts this
lonth upon a tour of several months
uration, through Europe, visiting Nor-
7aj, Sweden, Denmark, Germany,
i^ance, England and Scotland. Mr.
lart spent a portion of last winter
Sonthei-n California, and but a
hort time since visited places of in-
erest in Switzerland. He is a
Yankee" boy who early in life fore-
aw the possibilities and advantages of
he "Land of Flowers," and adopted it

It will, doubtless, interest our read-
ers to learn that some of the noisiest
as well as most ardent workers for
the passage of foul brood laws have
at the same time been quietly work-
ing for the position of inspector. If
we would save ourselves a deal- of
trouble, annoyance and perhaps finan-
cial loss we will needs look sharply
to the wood piles for the secreted col-
ored gentleman. Eternal vigilance is
the price of liberty in bee culture as
elsewhere.

Must Have Been Cyprians.

One day last summer the bees of a
correspondent were so excited and
angi-y that no living being could ap-
proach the apiary. Well protected, the
apiarist made an investigation and
found that a miserable_ little vest left
hanging to a bush was the cause of the
tumult. Said vest was made of a kind
of cloth somewhat hairy. It appears
that a bee accidently alighted on the
vest, ^ot caught and tangled up in the
hair, and of course, got mad and began
to sting and buzz. Others, atti-acted
by the racket, came and got caught
also until finally the whole ai)iary was
in an uproar.

Bees Capture a Car.

Wabash, Ind., .June 17. — A big
swarm of bees settled on the track of
the Fort Wayne and Wabash Valley
Tl'action company yesterday, and an
eastbound interurban car swept along,
.scooping up the swarm and landing
the bees in the vestibule. They iierce-
ly attacked .John Fulton, the motor-
man, who sought refuge in the interior
of the car after closing the door. The
bees continued to buzz about the vesti-
bule until a rush of air through the
vestibule put them to flight and Ful-
ton returned to the controller.

Preparedness.

Begin the morning by saying to thy-
self, 'T shall meet the busybody, the
ungrateful, arrogant, deceitful, envious
and unsocial. But I who have seen
the nature of the good, that it is beau-
tiful, and of the bad, that it is ugly,
can be injured by none of them. — Mar-
cus Aurelius.

172

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Angus

Txfro Men.

Who waits for opportuuity,

And. when it meets him, takes it,

I« not as good a man as he
Who doesn't wait, but malses it.

— Philadelphia Press.

Cutting a Queen Bee^s AVing.

Dallas I^ore Sharp describes a meth-
od ol" i»reventing bees from -swarming,
in the Country Calendar for May. the
first issue of the new outdoor monthly
published by the Review of Reviews
Book Company.

Keep your queens clipped. Lay
aside your sentiments, your feans of
the Society for the Prevention of Cru-
elty to Animals, your ideas that it
hurts her. your fears of killing her
—and get your ,scis-sors. Seize her any
way. She won't sting. Get her by
one wing (if you can't do better) and,
holding her gently against the frame,
snip off one wing. This won't stop
the swarming, but it will keep the
becvs from absconding, for the, swarm
won't go off wirhout the queen while
you are away. So you are often able
to induce them to call olT the stt'ike
and go Ijack to work.

Clip your queens then, give the bees
room, give them shade at the hottest
hours if necessary, ,shake them if they
show signs of swarming and keep the
colonies strong. — Newspaper.

About Sweet Clover.

The Times occasionally hears men-
tion of a plant which must resemble
sweet clover as growing in the vicin-
ity, and it would like further informa-
tio.n. Sweet clover is a lucerne, not
of very great value as compared with
alfalfa for feed. It blooms profusely
a l)right yellow flower, and is one of
the best honey yielders in the world.
It is persistent, though not a perennial,
seeding itself freely in the second
year. It i-s a wonderful fertilizer, fill-
ing the soil about its roots with nitro-
genous l)acteria of the same kind as
highly recommended by the Agricultur-
al Department. In the northwest it is
used to redeem barren spots of .sand
by being simply planted and allowed
to stand three years, when the ground
is p'owfHl and found to be remarka-
bly fertile for any kind of crop grown
in that section, especially potatoes and
sugar beets. If the plant is really to
be found here, it should be widely

spread. If not here, efforts shoul
be made to introduce it. Ais a satire
of supply for bees alone it woul
prove profitable. — Tampa Times.

RECENTLY PUBLISHED

The only thoroughly practical work on Incorp(
ration that has yet appeared.

CORPORATE ORGANIZATION

BY

THOMAS CONYNGTON, of the Ne'

York Bar
Author of "Corporate Management

A working manual discussing pra<
tically:

The ends gained by incorporation,

Subscrii)tion lists and contracts,

Where to incorporate.

Cost of incorporation,

Capitalization and its form.

Selection of name.

Preparation of charter and by-law

First meetings.

The protection of an inventor.

Protection of minority interests,

Incor]ioration of partnerships.

Issuance of .stock for property.

Contracts prior tO' incorporation.

I'nderwriting agreements.

Voting trusts, and generally the ir
portant matters incident tO' incorpor
tion.

The work is clear, concise and no
technical, and covers .lust those poin
on which any one contemplating or i
terested in an incorporation wishes 1:
formation. It contains many importai
euggestions not found in any othi
publication.

352 pp. Svo. 1905. Buckram bindin
$2.50: Prepaid, $2.70. Sheep. $3.0
Prepaid. $3.20.

With "Corporate Management." a
charges prepaid, both books in buc
ram. $5.25; Sheep. $('..25.

Published and for sale by
Tlli^: RONALD PRESS COMPANY,
203 Broadway. New Yor

Honey and Beesvirax Market.

Denver, .June 17. — The supply ol lioncy is larger than the t
mand and some comb honey will lie carried over. We quote 0
market today as loliows: No. 1 white. $2.20 per 24-section era
No. 2 liflht amher. $2.00; No. 2. $1.75. Extracted. 6 l-2c to '
Beeswax, wanted at 26c.

--^^-i"— ' f Colorado Honey Producers' Association.

1440 Market St.

Bullalo. July 14. — We do not advise shipping until snii
Iruits are out ol the market. The supply ol new honey, as Vf
as the demand, is light. We quote today: Fancy new. 14c
15c. Old honey. 6c to 12c. Beeswax. 28c to 30c.

Balterson & Co.

Kansas City. Mo.. July 11. — There is but little new honeys
riving as yet. as compared with last year. The supply is y

limited, but the demand is good and we think it will increase.
We quote our market as lollows: Comb, $2.50 to $2.75 per case;
fxlraclcd. 4 1-2 to 6c. Beeswax. 28c.

C. C. CIcmmons & Co.

Chicago. June 7. — The volume ol sales are infinitesimal: hcnc
)rices are not considered to be important at this season. Com
)rings 12c to 12 l-2c per pound lor best grades, oil lots at 7c t
lOc: extracted 5c to 7c, according to what it is. Beeswax sell
jpon arrival at'30c per pound. R. A. Burnett & Co.

■99 So. Water St.

Cincinnati. July 10.- — We sold today at our store new crop
il lancy comb honey at 13 l-2c per pound. There is still a big
tock ol last seasons honey on the market and is going begging
it any price. Extracted honey is moving quite lively now. We
ire selling amber extracted honey in barrels at 5 I-4c to 6 l-2c.
iccording to quality. White clover extracted. 7c to 8 l-2c. Bees-
wax, 26c. The Fred W. Muth Co.

51 Walnut St.

Boston, May 9. — There is no change to note, in condition ol
loney market, Irom that ol our letter ol April 24.

Blake, ScotI & Lee Co.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular litera-
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ry family
—^■^^^^^^^'^•^— MAGAZINE.
It entertains its readers with good short stor-
ies, sketches and poems by the most famous
authors of the day and is a magazine of supe-
rior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to haye our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new readers
we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of it. less than one cent a copy. Can't
you act as our agent ?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO.,
LOUISVILLE, = ENTUCKY

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy uf THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the fanners
and the Home-Seekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail yoiu the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents iu
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO.. IOWA.
10-tf.

Four New Departments

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE KEEPER, the best all
round $1.00 monthly bee journal in Amer-
ica. (.)n trial three months for this ad.
with 25c. Or send us 50c for a three
months' trial and your name and address
on a two-line rubber stamp (self-inking
pad 2.0c extra.) Or

Send us $1.50 and get the
Rural Bee Keeper one year

and an untested ItaUan queen bee. Sam-
ple copy free. Agents get liberal terms.

We count that day lost which does not
show some improvement in The Rural
Bee Keeper. So soon as we can find the
right party to conduct the departments,
we will establish a department for ad-
vanced bee keepers and a kindergarten
for the new beginners. We also want to
benefit our readers in the West and want
to establish a_ "Department of the Middle
West" and a "Pacific Coast Department."
Our Foreign and Southern Departments
are very gratifying to us.

We solicit your subscription and your
moral support.

W. H. PUTNAM

RIVER FALLS, "WISCONSIN

Are You Looking
for a Home?

It so send for a copy of The Farm aud
Real Estate Journal. It has lands adver-
tised in it from nearly every state in the
Union; also city property of all kinds and
stocks of goods for sale or e.xchange. So
that anyone looking for a home or a loca-
tion can find anything he wishes in this
Journal. It reaches 33,000 readers every
issue and is one of the best advertising
mediums to reach the farmer and home-
seeker. Advertising rates 2c per word
for small ads, or $1 per inch single column
each insertion. Send 75c and we will
mail you th« Journal for one year, or for
10c in silver or stamps we will send it for
two months' on trial And Journal will
be stopped at the end of two months if
you don't renew. No copies sent free

H-Feb. tf

Farm & Real Estate Journal

Traer, Tama Co, Iowa

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE TEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

WJ. DA\IS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA..
breeder of choice Italian Bees and
Queens. Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

DEWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHERER--
Reared under swarDiiugimpulsethrougli-
out the .year. Large, strong, liealth , . Send
for c ird. "Cau 1 Coiitiol bwarming'-Uriginal.
Untested, 75 c.. •! for $5 00; tested $1.50. 6 for
85.00, C'liOice S;i50 High-grade breeders. $2
toSlO. E. H. UEWEV, Gt. Harrington. Ma-s.

QUEENS HERE. We are still asking you to
give us your trnde VYe sell Italians. Guldens
and Carniolaus at 75c for untested aud $1.00 lor
tested. Prices on quantities and nuclei upon ap ■
plication. John W. Pharr, Herclair, Texas. .Janb

-THE FRED VV. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut Si
• Cincinnati, Ohio. Standard Bred R«
Clover Threc-banded Queens, Golden Italian
and Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Ser
for circular.

T

HE A. I. ROOT CO., MEDi.,A, Ollh
Breeders of Italian bees and queens.

E)

r^UEENS from Jamaica any day in the yes
V/_ Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select teste
$l750. Our queens are reared from the ve
finest strains. Geo. W. Phillips, Sav-La-M
P. O., Jamaica, W. I. (5-5)

oWARTHMORE APIARIES, SVVARTH-
■^ MORE, PA. Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
quaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
all parts of the world.

DJ MLOCHKR, Pearl City, 111., breeder
• F^me Italian Bees and Queens Our sto
speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock gui
anteed. Free information Jan. (

I AWRENCE C. MILLER, BOX 11
L- PROVIDENCE, R. I., is filling orders 1
the popular, hardy, honey-getting Providen
strain of Queens. Write for free informatioi

w

W. CAKY & SON, LYONSVILLK,
M.^SS., Breeders of choice Italian bees
and queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalog and price list free.

p II. \V. WEBER, CINCINNATI, OHI
^' (Cor. Central and Freeman Ave:
Golden Yellow, Red Clover and Carniol
queens, bred from select mothers in separ
apiaries.

M OORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN
''' of Italians become more and more popu-
lar each year. Those who have tested them
know why. Descriptive circular free to ail.
Write J. P. Moore, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES for sale. I
extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
Thos. W'orthington, Leota, Miss. Aug. 5

pUNIC BEES,
carded, after

All other races are dis-
trial of these wonderful
bees. Particulars post free. John Hewitt &
Co., Sheffield, England. Jan 6.

lOHN M. DAVIS, SPRING HILL, TENI
J has greatly enlarged ard improved 1
queen-rearing facilities. Two unrelated Cj
niolans and a dark leather Italian lately ii
ported. My own strains of three-band ai
golden; "Moore's" long-tongue; DoolittU
golden; all selects. Ccmiolans mated to Iti
ian drones when desired. No disease. C
cular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has ■
exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bet
they wintered on their summer stands' with
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie. Send f
Tree Circular. BelWue, Ohio. (5-5)

I

HONFY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

j^~Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price, expected delivered
in Cinicinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.
T (5-5)

^ are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Wal-
nut St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (5-5)

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODLCRK.S
ASS'N, 1449 Market St, Denver, Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. (5-5)

;ent=a=Word Column.

jENTS WANTED to sell advertising nov-
ies, good commission allowed. Send for
catalogue and terms. American Manufac-
ing Concern, Falconer, N. V.

1)R SALE— Bees for Cuba. 7.5 good colonies
n 10-frame Danz. hive (painted) with 4x5 sec-
ion supers. 100 supers (in flat) and 2."i hives

made up, extra. Shipping to Cuba about $-5.

A rare bargain for $400. Address 21.5 DUVAL

ST., Key West, Fla. Sept. 5

WANTED— The name and address of those any-
where in the United States who expect to buy
honey in car lots, or less, during 1905. The
St. Croix Valley Honey Producers' Associa-
tion, Glenwood, Wis. Aug. 5.

HE BU.-^Y MAN'S METHOD OF REARING

GOOD QUERNS— This leaflet describes tlie
method used in rearing the Hardy Honey
Gatherers (re d elsewhere 1, aud if carefully
followed will pr:ducequeensof great merit.
No loss of brood, no cell-cups, and but
little time required. Large queens under
warming impulse. N thing artificial about
it. Eveiy (jueen-breeder needs it. Price 3
:eDts. E. H.DEVVKY, Gt Barrington. Mass.

["ALIAN AND Carniolian Queens. The
Bankston Baby Nucleus and the Bankston
ursery cage. Untested queens 50 cents
each ; tested 75 cents. Baby nucleus, nailed
ready for use, 35 cents. Nursery cage, 35
'cents by mail with printed instructions.
Milam County,
Aug. 5.

C. B. Bankston, Milano,
Texas.

JCREASE is a handsome little book tell-
ng how to form new colonies without
ireaking working stocks. A simple, sarc
atisfactory plan. 25c. Baby Nuclei tells
low to mate many queens from sections
with a mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20
pictures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queens
md queen rearing outfits for sale. Golden
ill-over and Caucasian Queenb. Circulars
;ree. E. L. Pratt, Swarthmore, Pa.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

/ y/4 TCRTo wn;

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES

Watertown, Wis.

Eastern Agents: Fred W. MuthCc, Cincinnati,
Ohio, 51 Walnut Street: C M. Scott & Co., ludian-
apolis, Ind , 1004 E Washington St., Norris &
Anspach, K nton, Ohio, Cleaver & Greene, Troy,
Penn.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R. Accounting

$-')0 to $100 per month salary assured our
graduates under bond. Vou don't pay us
until you have a position. Largest system
of telegraph schools in America. En-
dorsed by all railway officials. Operators
always in demand. Ladies also admitted.
Write for Catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY

Cincinnati, ( )., liuft'alo, X. V., Atlanta, Cia.,

Texarkana. Tex., San Francisco, Cal.
Nov. •"> LaCrosse. Wis.,

Our Special Premium Offer.

Wr have

be n Slice sst'iil in closing a contract with toe Selden Pen M ■
Co., of New lorlv, wher-by for a limited time we

$

can supply a guaranteed

2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THE CElTRIC model i"

and The American Bee Keeper on year for only 90 CENTS, to eV' ry
subscriber, OLD o NEW. The pe will le forwarded immediat ly up-
on recei, t of i e mon ^ . It is made of the best qu lity o hard rubbe--
in four 'arts, and fitted with a eruaranteed irridium point d 14-k GoLD
PEN. Tiic- • fountain" is throughout of tht- simplest construction and
cannot get^ut of order, overflow, or fail to supoly inkto the nib.

"A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with the iuroiivt'uicnt iukstiind and is always ready for use.

iXUC f^PI TDir^ IV\r"^P4P'l l ' tears the manufacturer's Kuarantee that
1 nC '^CL 1 I\lV^ iy\*^UlZL. I the pen is solid GOLD, U-k fine. If it does
not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or return the fifty
cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article of superior
quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience of every one who
writes. REMP;m BER that the olfer is for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

Special Notice ^
to Bee-keepers. ]

BO STO N\

Money in Bees lor You )

Cata'og Price on <|

Root's Supplies ;

Catalog for the Asking ')

F. H. FARMER, 182 FRIEND STREET, ')
BOSTON, MASS. \

=:Up First Flight^= ^

AGENTS

YOU CAN DO IT

AGbhTS

Medallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
dallions, Quick sellers. Big money.
Write at once. Special territory
given. Largest Medallion Co. in the
World. Agents' supplies. Novelties
up-to-date. Write now.

Universal Manufacturing Co.,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Read This and Do It Quh

All One fThe Modern Farmer,
V/>a» t1 4n Green's Fruit Grower,
I ear :pi.w. \ Agricultural Epitomist,
Without "{ The Mayflower and
Gleanings I ^?" l|eautiful Flowering Bu!

Gleanings in Bee Culture,
80 Cents t American Bee-Keeper.
Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper,
Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, W

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Evei*j' person who keeps pigeo
Belgian hares, cavievs, dogs, cats 01
pet of any kind to send for a
•sample of the

PET STOCK PAPER

Address Box i!0 York,

Providence Queens

Kind That Please

A bee-master of interuatioaial
fame, long sought for a strain of
liees which Avere profitable, gen-
tle and good to look upon.
Queens . from many lands were
tried and various crosses made
until at last a promising *5tart
was securetl. Patiently an]
with infinite paints and careful
selection this strain was devel-
oped. Years elapsed as the work
continued imtil finally success
rewarded his efforts. I have se-
cured the control of this stock
and otfer it to bee-keepers under
the name of the "Providence
Strain."

Untested Qneen-s $1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

LAWRENCE C MILLER

p. Q. Box 1113, Providence, R. I.

Three Mr?!t/is for Only PQ Cents.
To a A C7t' Subscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established

1801

It is the only weekly \>q^ paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three mouths, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. York ® Co.

334 Dearborn Street Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

'Polly, I Love But You," words and music;

'Piking the Pike," "Just Because I'm From
Missouri," "Hiawatha," "Navajo," "Bedelia,"
"Josie," "Only a Factory Girl," "Flirting at
the Seashore," "The Little Brown Man of
Japan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other popular
songs, all in one book, and sent postpaid for
only 10 CENTS. We will also send a coupon
good for 10 cents to everyone mentioning in
what paper they saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us lo cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's This is a special offer
for a short time onlv.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

ADDRESS

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dept. H. D. Grand Rapids. Mich.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mentiou
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""'■sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, lO
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

BEGINNERS.

shou.d hare a copy of

The Amateur Bee-keeper,

a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; writtem es-
pecially for amateurs. Second •dition just •■'
First edition of 1,000 sold in less thaa two year»
Editor York says: "It i« the £nest littlt book pub-
lished at the present time." Price 24 cenU; by
Kail 2S cents. The little book and

The Progressive Bee-keeper,

(a lire, progressiTC, 28 page monthly journal,) on*
year for b.ic. Apply to any first-class dealer, •r
address

LEAHY MFG CO., Hig8in.T,u., «..

Chance
Of a Life

100 ^^%"\ r° '^f

rSelgians >
Send for particulars and sami ,.

of the only

Belgian Hare Jol

Published in America.^ „„(„■-,

Judge R. J. FINbdh >a

227 Lamb St , MACON, iVlc

To Subscribers of "^
THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any addi'oBS in the U. S. A. oni
year for 10 tents, providing yoi
n> jntion Auierican Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats oi
' arm, Orchard and Garden, Poul
' ty and Fashion. It's the best pa
yter printed for the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

Allentown, Pa.
2tf

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D.. Epping, N. B
keeps a complete supply of our goods, ar
Eastern customers will save freight by orde-
ing of him.

The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.

IGENTS Wanted ' WaThTng^Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

id they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
e cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N. Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents •
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You cannot
be up-to-date
rowing unless you read it.

of this year free to new

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt, Vernon, Iowa.

le Solution of the
^e Literature
oblem

.Is never solved until it is
solved right, and is never
solved until you are a
subscriber for our Jour-
nal. A new corps of
writers has been secured
to contribute regularly
and what they will write
will all be new to you.
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a year.

e Western Bee Journal
i^burg, California,
f. Adelsbach, Editor
' Publisher.

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interests of its members.

Membership Pee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. FRANCE, Plattevllle, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasures

A Boon
For

RmltirKeersre

Bow we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keeperc' Acc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses evei' month for one year. Worth 35
cts, sent to you for ICo. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers with yovtr order; Address,
e. (9. VIBBBRT. P.B. 56, Clmtonville. Coni»

>m

Seasonable

irnw

Glass Honey=Packages.

Anticipating a demand for honey jars and bot-
tles we have put in two carloads of stock before
the summer shut-down of the glass factories, so
that we are prepared to furnish the various jars
listed in our catalog. We have also a few odds
and ends of stock, such as we formerly listed,
which we offer, to close out, as follows. We can-
not duplicate these when present stock is sold:

1-lb. tin-top tumblers. No. 789. 5 bbls. of 200
each, at $4.50 per bbl.

1 1-2-lb. tin-top glass pails. No. ""«, 2 bbls. of 100
each, at $5.00 per bbl.

Large lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 777, 1 bbl. of
150, $5.00.

.Small lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 776, 1 bbl. of 200,
$5.50.

1-lb. Oaken Bucket, tirf top, with wire bale, 1
bbl. of 150, for $5.00.

These prices are all a dollar a barrel less than
we used to sell these tumblers and pails at. We
have also a little loose stock which we will pack
and include at the same rate.

Special Price on Tin Cans.

We recently secured a special bargain in half-
gallon stjliare cans. They are choice bright stock;
but as the pattern differed slightly from the regu-
lar one they are now' making, they closed them
out at a special price. We have also an over-
stock of quart oblong square cans. While this
stock lasts we will make the following prices for
shipment from Medina only:

1-4-gal. oblong square cans with 1 1-2-inch
screw, $5.00 per 100; $45.00 per 1000.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1-inch screws, $0.00
per 100.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1 l-4-'inch screws, $6.50
per 100.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1 1-2 inch screws, $V.00
per 100.

In :'>00 lots, 50c per 100 less'.

We have also a good stock of one- and five-gal-
lon cans at regular prices.

Second=Hand Pive=GalloQ Cans.

We have to offer a quantity of second-hand five-
gallon honey cans in good condition for use again,
especially for amber or low grades of honey. We

offer the best of them at $4.50 for 10 boxes ol
cans each; $10.00 for 25 boxes. We have :
which are not so bright, and yet are honey-t
that we will furnish at 10 cents a box less.
boxes in which the cans are shipped are
second-hand, but will be put in good cont
when shipped.

Wide=Mouth Mason Fruit=Jar8.

The carload price on Mason fruit jars is o
dollar a gross higher this year than last,
carried over quite a large stock, which w
sell at the same prices as heretofore— namelj

Pint doz. 52c. 6 doz $3.00 12 doz..

Quart..doz. 5.5c. 6 doz 3.10 12 doz

l-2-gal..doz. 75c. 6 doz 4.10 12 doz

Triumph wrench, 15c each.

Ball's waxed rings. 5c per dozen. The
far superior to rubber rings for fruit jar:
cheaper.

In addition to the regular style of Mas<
we have a stock of wide-mouth special M
with 3-inch openings. These are especia
sirable for canning large fruit whole, or foi
ing chunk comb honey. These jars are of
quality, and cost $1.65 per gross more th
regular pattern. As we do not list them w
our present stock at an advance of 10c per
$1.20 per gross, on any size. They have eir
and rubber rings. W£ have no wax ring!
right size to fit these 'jars. They are a t
at this price.

Caucasian Queens.

We can spare a Hmited number of iir
Caucasian queens, received direct from tl
breeders in Caucasus. Prices as follows:

Extra select Caucasian imported queens.

Select Caucasian imported queen.

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian
queens, from Caucasian mothers mated
with Italian drones ....

Select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,
from Caucasian mothers mated with
Italian drones . . . •

Orders filled in rotation,
about July 15.

Delivery

COMPLETE CATALOG ON REQUEST.

THE A. L ROOT COMPA]

MEDINA, OHIO

B/^ANC//£S:

J 44 E. Erie St., Chicago 10 Vine St., Philadelphia 44'Vesey St., New

Entered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla., as seeoiul-class matter.

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, 4.nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches-, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for, three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

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^ ^ IN FLORIDA ^ Jt

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The FORT PIERCE NEWS

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THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAl
A monthly journal devoted to agri
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It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, Xe
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
Itf Lincoln, Neb.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINl

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest Illustrate
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It is bright and up-to-date. Tell
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THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.

When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

One year free 1
quickly intri
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Big Magazine

prefer it to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' Hon:
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pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept. I
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A vest pocket Map of your State
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Wauneta, Neb.

Bee H i ves
Sections

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One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
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Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W. T.
FALCONER MANFG. CO.,

JAMESTOWN), N. Y.

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best writers; beautiluUy illustrated and handsomely printed: a monthly compendium ol best experience
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Northwestern Agriculturahst, Modern Farmer, Twentieth Century Review, Mayllower Magazine, National
Fruit Grower, Green s Fruit Grower and Vick s Magazine.

Usually the summer lime is a dull season lor subscription work, but we, have decided to make the
summer ol 1905 historic in a phenomenal increase in circulation lor Poultry Success, and hence these
remarkable oilers.

Readers ol Poultry Success lind every single issue ol the magazine not only replete with interest,
but worth many times the lull annual subscription price. By making Pouhry Success the best publi-
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DES MOINES. IOWA

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

BARNES'

Foot Power MacMnery,

This cut represents our
("ombined Macliine. wliicti
is the l)est machine made
for use in tlie construction
of Hives. .Sections. Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. r. & .1. BARNES CO.
913 Kuby St., Kockford 111.

We will send The American Bee-
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FREE

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and our large 16-page 64-cc
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THE MONTHLY

212G Bralnard St., New Orleans, ll

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grapefruit.

Make a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners

and Intending Settlers in the
LOVELY LAKE RE(;iOX OF SOUTH FLOR-
IDA.

20 per cent annual return on Investment.

Pure air. pure water, no mosquitoes. High
pine and oak land, bordered by fresh water
lakes, suited to all citrus fruits and pine-
ipples. Good title. Time payments. Ad-
Iress for descriptive matter, W. E. Pabor,
Manager Pabor Lake Pineries, Avon Park,
Fla. tf.

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The largest manufacturers of Bee-
keepers' Supplies in the Southern Hem-
isphere, and publishers of the Aus-
tralasian Beekeeper, the leading bee
jounuU south of the equator.
.■^iiinple eopy and <)4-pase fatalogue,
FREE. 6-tf

Patent Wired Comb Foundation

Has No Sag in Brood Frames.

THIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has No Fishbone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
ciuickest of any foundation made. The talk
about wiring frames seems absurd. We
furnish a Wired Foundation that is Better,
Cheaper and not half the trouble to use that
it is to wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DETJSEN & SONS

.Sole ^Manufacturers,

TMontgomery Co.. .Sprout Brook. N. Y.

■ Real Estate Wanted ■

To supply the wants of Cash Buyers every-
where. Their names and addresses are
given in full each month in our clean, in-
teresting family magazine. Sample copy
.25, which will be deducted from yearly
subscription price of $1. if you choose to sub-
scribe. The first issue may find you a buyer
and save you a middleman's commission.

I U. S. Real Estate Journal

I

I

131 'W. Brighton Ave., Sybacusb, N, T,

^

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

I Send your basiness direct to Washington,
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to U. 3. Patent Office. FREE prellmln-
* ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent
' is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GI'TEN— 19 YEARS
I ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents,"
etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. 0. Siggen
I receive special notice, without chaxge, In th« J

INVENTIVE AGE

[ Illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year. |

8 FSt.. N. W.
ashington, d. c.

iE.G.SIGGERS.S!

Tf Tf If, BINGHAI

I I _ J has made all the im-

' provements in

h Bee Smokers and

^ Honey Knives

made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt, set

postpaid, per mail ?1 .'lO

31^ inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. :s inch l.UO

2!^ inch HU

r. F. Bingham, Vf^^^-w---^-- -I?

_ ..... . Little Wonder, 2 in. .65

Farwell, Mich.

§ PHOTOGRAPHS^

8 -

O Scenic Productions and NOVEL
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views on the Florida Coa^st. 'A

— 2

y^ Florida Photographic Concern, S

o' 8

O Fort Pierce - = Florida, »

<>. «

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS.WORTHINQTON.

LEOTA, MISS.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By-Raturn Mull. Safe Arrival Guarantaed.

FR/ICBIS. ONE SIX

Untasted - - $0.75 $4.00 $7.

Salact Untestad ■ 1.00 5.00 9

Tastad f 1.50 8 00 15.

Saiaet Tastad • 2.00 1 0 00 18.

,. Selaet Broadars, aaeh : - • .$3.00

- Two-'frama Nuclaus and Rad Clovar Quaan 3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH GO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI. OHIO.

♦ 4 »»4»»»MMM»4*»M»»»4» ♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦ ♦♦♦♦ -> i-^-^-h¥

X QUEENS AND BEES

■f Have you ever tviedniiu (ineens? If not, I sboiilcl be glad to

have vou do so. as they are as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,
AND I GUARANTEE PERFECT SATISFACEION.

I have three-banded Italian. Golden, CyprianvS, Caruiolans,
Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested, either race, 75 cents each.
Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders. .$8.00. Contracts made for large
orders. Two-framed nuclei a specijilty.
l-5tf
i_5 tf. H. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.

Ahead of Shook=Swarmin|

The March Review is now in process of
preparation, and will be out about the mid-
dle of the month. One article in this issue
will be by H. G. Sibbald of Canada, and he
will describe a new system of management
that promises to be away ahead of shook-
swarming. It has these advantages: No
shaking of the bees; no handling of the
brood; no possibility of the queen being in
the wrong hive; no danger of after- swarm-
ing; no increase unless desired (but easy to
secure If wanted); no queen cells to hunt up
and destroy; yet the whole force of bees niay
be kept together the whole season, and each
colony ma:, be requcened with a queen from
a naturally built cell.

This is only a single article in one issue
the Review, but it is a fair sample of wh
you are losing if you don't read the Revie
and of what you will gain if you read
Send $1 for the Review for 1905; or If y
prefer, you can send ten cents, and whi
the March issue is out it will be sent
you. and the ten cents may apply on a:
subscription sent in during the year.

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, MicJ

Vol. XV

SEPTEMBER, 1905.

No. 9

Ube *^lmoo^*1Robin.

"JTNISTANT in the wildwood
^^ I hear the robins' song,
A wierd, re-echoing whirl of melody,
Whose notes the forest aisles prolong.

Distinct and mournfully,
Sole king of evening,

Thy cadences ring in my ears.
Recalling one who loved thy voice

Back in the vanished years.
That long and clarion strain,

Brimming with bygone lore.
Tells of a time when all our hearts

Were young in days of yore.
Dreams of an old-world bliss.

Fancies of brighter years
Breathe in thy luscious voice.

Flooding my eyes with tears.
With flute-like music

Thy voice floats through the vale,
Prophet of peaceful days when the tragic note

Shall fade from thy twilight tale.

Sing, bird of the wilderness!

Other ears may hear.
And in thy roundelay

Catch words of cheer.

Richard Herbert Gesner.

174

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

SUGAR FEEDING.

Septemb<

EVILS RESULTING FROM THIS AND KINDRED PRACTICES.

Bv ARTHUR C. MILLER.

IN THE AUGUST BEE-KEEPER
Mr. F. Greiner expresses surprise
at learning that sugar is "being
used largely in producing comb
honey." I do not know that I put
the matter in just those words which
imply that the masses of bee-keepers
deliberately supply sugar syrup for
the purpose of having the bees put it
in the sections. Such an implication
would be unjust to the majority of
bee-keepers. The point I have en-
deavored to emphasize is that much
of the sugar syrup fed to bees gets
into the surplus honey.

Those bee-keepers who practice
stimulative feeding or who try to have
the brood nest packed with syrup be-
fore the honey flow opens are sure to
have more or less syrup in their sur-
plus honey. ]Mr. Boardman has long
practiced filling the brood chambers
with syrup before the honey flow, "so
that when the latter comes the honey
will all go into the supers." He fur-
ther states that before he adopted this
practice his "crops of honey were very
uncertain." In other words, so long
as the sugar syrup is to be had the
bees will put up a surplus. Mr. Board-
man bears an excellent reputation and
I do not believe for an instant that he
feeds the syrup to have it put into the
supers. But into supers more or less
of it always goes under such con-
ditions, and there can be bought in
the open market to-day comb honey
which is unmistakably largely sugar
syrup. The Gleanings people in their
zeal to push what seemed to them a
good thing spread the Boardman doc-
trine far and wide and incidentally
they make mention of sundry feeders
which they manufacture and will per-
mit the public to acquire for a modest
consideration. Both ]\Ir. Boardman
and the Gleanings people deny that
the syrup goes into the supers, but
they cite no proof, it is just a comfor-
table belief.

That excellent authoritj', Mr. J.
Green, of Grand Junction, Colorad
says in Gleanings for August ist. : '
great deal of the honey stored in t
super has first been stored in t
brood-combs, in many cases at leas-
Gleanings' favorite authority, IS/.
Doolittle, says that bees once start
in the sections, the honey stored
the combs below will be carried to t.
sections as fast as the queen needs t
room for egg-laying, and further tV
within fifteen days after the bees c
cupy the sections, the brood chamb
is packed with brood except for a 1
tie pollen and honey in the extrei
upper corners of the frames and t
sections are well filled with honi
Scores of such statements might
quoted if it were necessary, but it w
suffice to add reference to the we
known advice to extract just befc
the honey flow all dark honey frc
brood combs so the honey in the si
ers will not be discolored.

Regarding the practice of feedi«
sugar to the bees at all, that sterli-
and upright man Mr. L. C. Root,
Stamford, Ct., has said: "We are ter
ing more and more each year to t
practice of feeding honey only to c
bees, and I shall welcome the day wh
this will be the exclusive practice, tl:
avoiding the appearance, even, of a
possibility of fraud in the quality
our surplus honey" and "in this as
the use of comb foundation for box
I am disposed to take radical grou
and protest against anything tl
gives the color of suspicion to c
products."

Twenty years ago he gave tl
warning, but, save for now and ther
faint protest, the practice of feedi
and the use of comb foundation in t
sections has been constantly a
steadily urged. Langstroth sa
"The prudent apiarian will always :
gard the feeding of bees, except t
little given to them by way of e

IQOS-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

175

couragement, as an evil to be sub-
mitted to, only when absolutely neces-
sary, and will very much prefer to ob-
tain his supplies from what Shakes-
peare has so beautifully termed the
merry pillage' of the blooming fields,
than from the neighboring grocery."

These far-sighted men saw the dan-
gers and sounded the warning but it
was unheeded, and to-day the bee-
keepers of the land are suffering in
ons^quence.

Just as long as bee-keepers feed
5Ugar syrup to their bees they must
jxpect to be accused of producing
idulterated honey, and I am not sure
;hat in states having a pure food law
:hey would not be subject to criminal
)rosecution. It is folly for the Honey
Producers' League to rail against the
;tories of adulterated comb honey so
ong as their leading men publicly
idvocate feeding sugar syrup for any
)urpose except in cases where the
)eesare absolutely starving — an occur-
ence exceedingly rare in most parts
)f the land if the bees are rationally
reated.

The bee text-books and papers are
ull of instructions on feeding and
)ages of the catalogues are devoted to
lescriptions of feeders. Comb foun-
lation is universally talked of in bee
iterature and is called by the public
irtificial comb. It is folly for the
-eague to assert that there is no such
hing as artificial comb when there ap-
)ears in good plain type in the "A B C
>f Bee culture" — a book published
)y a company of which the

eague's treasurer is an active
nember — the following: "Several
ttempts were made to produce
rtificial comb in the years gone
y. but it was not until E. B. Weed,
lormerly of Detroit, now of Cleveland,
ni'ent to work at the problem that any-
hing like the real articre was pro-
uced. His first samples had cell
/alls as delicate as the Dees make
hem but the base was flat, and the
ees did not take as kindly to them as
heir own product. And, moreover, it
/as soon discovered that they thick-
ned the base making a comb that
■ hen eaten showed a perceptible
lidrib.

Mr. Weed finally set about making
le same article with natural bases
nd this he accomplished perfectly,

indeed it was a marvel of skill and
workmanship. This comb was nearly
as delicate and as perfect as the
natural production," etc.

Comb foundation in section honey
is accountable for much of the dis-
trust of its purity. The public know
some such thing exists and when they
cut through a tough strip along the top
of the box or get their teeth into the
tough substance they are not slow in
thinking, "artificial product." It may
be quite true that foundation can be
made as thin or thinner than the base
of natural comb, but it is not friable
like that.

It will mean more or less of a revo-
lution in methods of comb honey pro-
duction to dispense with foundation,
etc., and the big manufacturers of it
may do some vigorous fighting against
its abandoment for that purpose.

The objection to its use is no new
thing but the leading papers have
certainly not fostered the opposition.
In plain English, the bee-keepers have
had preached to them a lot of things
which have been to their injury and
they are now feeling the evil results
r)f following the advice. Let us see if
the purveyors of these harmful doc-
trines now have the courage to open-
ly acknowledge their mistakes — if that
is all they are, as we hope — and strive
to correct the evils. It may cost them
some prestige— which means money
— and it may curtail the sale of some
goods, but they cannot serve mankind
and Mammon at the same time.

As to the honey producers, they
must not only avoid evil but every ap-
pearance of evil if they expect the
world to accept their goods as ster-
ling.

Providence, R. I., Aug. 14, 1905.

A VETERAN APIARIST.

By J. \V. Tefft.

EDITOR BEE-KEEPER: I came
here to visit my old friend, Mr.
Albert Daken, from whom I
bought my first bees, in 1855, and
received my first instruction in bee-
keeping.

Mr. Daken, at T2) years of age, still
adheres to his resolution adopted
when he began bee-keeping, to have
nothing but the very best of every-
thing about him, and I regard him as

176

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September

one of the most successful bee-keepers
of our time. It was he who, in No-
vember, 1859, shipped the first bees to
California, the shipment comprising
197 colonies, by the way of the
isthmus, and of which but five colo-
nies died en route.

The so-called Hoffman frame, as
now manufactured for the market, is
an exact reproduction of the Daken
frame, as made by him in 1857, and if
honor is due to anyone for having in-
vented a frame with this self-spacing
device, it surely belongs to Mr. Albert
Daken of Tully, N. Y. I was out in
Mr. Daken's bee-shop, looking over
his interesting museum, and found a
hive filled with brood frames that
were made bj'' Mr. Daken in 1857 — five
years before Mr. Hoffman came to
America. I also found an L. hive of
frames of the original Hoffman style
made by Mr. D. fifty years ago. If
j^ou wish, I will send you samples of
these old frames, made half a century
ago by Mr. Daken.

Mr. Daken uses a frame 15 Inches
long by ten inches deep, and ten to
the hive. He attributes much of his
success to the use of a deep frame.

The white honey crop here this sea-
son has been a complete failure, bass-
wood being the main source. Advices
from m}"- own apiary in western New
York, however, report a good surplus.

Though 73 years of age, Mr. Daken
has always lived here in his own home
and has made bee-keeping his chief
business, and he is as vigorous and
enthusiastic as ever and now has about
200 colonies, all black bees, with a
slight admixture of yellow blood.

About 15 years ago Mr. Daken sent
a sample of his frame to a friend in
southern Indiana, who saw that it was
good and sent it to one of the leading
manufacturers, and from this sample
is now being made the Daken brood
frame.

Tully, N. Y., Aug. 8, 1905.

CUTTING THE BEE TREE.

By Bessie L. Putnam.

IN OLDEN TIMES this was quite
an important matter in the house-
hold. If the pioneer came by
chance upon a tree in which the wild
bees had stored their sweets he simply
marked his initials upon the tree,

which, according to the fireside laws
then in force, gave him right to the
honey; though if strictly conscientious
he usually asked permission of tht
owner to cut the tree. This was as
rule readily given, for timber was
in those days of comparatively litth
value and the bee tree was of course
hollow to begin with, else it woulc
never have become a bee tree.

And now, what is a bee tree? Sim
ply a tree in which wild bees or thos«
which have preferred a wild life to the
new-fangled hives of their relatives
have made their home. Thost
familiar with the habits of wild bee;
find it not difficult to locate thest
homes, and there is scarce a neighbor
hood in which some old resident ha;
not been an expert. Often the cuttins
of the tree forms a source of sport fo
the boys of the neighborhood, the fui
sometimes becoming more pointei
than planned. While the plunder ma;
prove sufficient to repay the trouble
as a rule a small quantity of darl
honey thoroughly impregnated wit!
smoke is a result.

The history of a single tree ma:
serve to illustrate the fact that it i
sometimes cheaper to buy a first-clas
article at first-class price than ti
try to gain something for nothing.

Mr. X. comes to Mr. Y on othe
business and incidentally mention
finding the bee-tree, asking at thesam
time for his company at the cutting
As the tree is represented as value
less the owner consents. More thai
this, he feels a sort of pity for the lit
tie householders, and naving one
owned a few bees he suggests housini
the victims in a comfortable home.

They seek the bee-tree, but to th
surprise of both, it is not located 01
land of Mr. Y., but belongs in an ad
joining field. X. volunteers to asl
permission of another neighbor, wi!tj|
success. They work until past th
noontide meal, and then come ii
wearied and hungry, their choicest of
fering being perhaps a pound of mos
iininviting black honey. The comb i
likewise too much discolored t(
promise any pay. No stings are th
one source of gratulation. "Did yoi
get the bees?" is the query of th<
homefolk. "We are not sure abou
that," is the reply. After long an(
patient efforts to get them to eiite

)

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

177

the hive the object was seemingly ac- themselves into a wrong position.

omplished, and they were left to their I have clipped many queens without

own sweet will for the day. touching them at all save with the

At even a neighbor drove a little out scissors, but like this way better:
oi his way to bring the information take a small stalk or spear of grass
that the bees had swarmed by the and bend it into a loop by holding
roadside some rods from the scene of both ends between the thumb and fin-
the robbery. ger of the right hand. Now, as the

Once more were hive and sheet queen runs, away from you, place the
oaded up and a repetition of the pre- loop of grass down over her and
/ious work performed. The bees corral her. Usually, she will
inally went into the new home and "ot hesitate tn cross it at any
hough no queen was visible it was point, and if you are quick about it.
hought that she was probably safe, you can lift her off the comb as easily
frames with some old honey were put ^^ eating pie and not hurt her one bit.
nto the hive and the bees soon amus- When you have done this and she is
:d themselves by building a quantity hanging onto the loop, receive her
)f comb in the upper part of the hive. ^"^ ith your left hand, allowing her to
But it was too late to store anything run up the index finger. Here is
or winter, and evidently they were a where you ma}' need a little practice,
iisorganized household. As a result, but the plan is a good one and I know
nly ruin came. With the time spent yo" will like it when you have learn-
Ar. Y. could have purcliased a good <?d the trick. As the queen crawls up
warm of bees, to say nothing of the the finger, gently slide the thumb up
ard work entailed. Hunting bee after her and seize her by two of her
rees, like "cooning," may pay in fun, legs. In this way she cannot get into
n rare occasions, but as a matter of a position to hurt herself, or to inter-
usiness, it most certainly does not. fere with the clipping of the wing. I

Connautville. Pa. assure you the method is a good one

when you have learned how to use it.

A TRIO OF TOPICS. T like it so well that I now really en-

joy the work of catching a queen and

clipping her wing.

iv W. VV. McNeal.

Kemoving Propolis from the Hands.

^ ID YOU EVER have trouble get-
^ ting propolis otf your hands?
Bad job unless you know how,
nt it? Well life is too short to try to
a-h it off with soap and cold water.
lu- kind we have here is the genuine
nd no mistake about it. Dipping the
liters in hot water and immediately
ipiiig them with a dry cloth is one
Liy efficient way of removing it; but
like Fairbank's gold dust washing
iwder just as well, for with this one
in use cold water which is often
aiidier. After wetting the hands take
H.ut a half teaspoonful of the dry
nwder in them and rub it into a good
tlier; then rinse well and dry the

Hand.v Wa.y to Hold a Queen While
Clipping:.

^'ou who have tried clipping the
m<;s of queen bees know what an ex-
.perating way they have of twisting

Bottling Extracted Honey.

Generally speaking, honey is not fit
to be bottled for table use till the bees
have capped it over in the combs.
Prior to that, it is too much on the
order of commercial syrups. When
honey is left on the hive during the
long, hot days of summer, it becomes
so much improved in flavor and rich-
ness, as to be hardly recognizable with
the same kind taken earlier in the sea-
son. Honey should always have the
expression of bees and this character-
istic mark of quality cannot be impart-
ed to it in the brief time that modern
methods allow for the ripening pro-
cess. However, an upright taak,
similar to a two-frame honey extrac-
tor, will aid quite materially in separat-
ing the ripe, thick honoy from the
thin and unripe when the crop has
been harvested a little premature.
The gearing should be removed and
the can then set on a bench of some
kind to raise it a foot or so ofY the
floor. .\ good piece of muslin tied

178

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

I

Septembe:

firmly over the top makes one of the
very best kind of strainers and as a
great quantity of honey can be poured
in at the same time, this feature will
be appreciated when straining honey
of proper consistency.

I prefer to draw the honej^ cold
from the tank into the bottles, placing
them in a vessel of hot water about
three dozen at a time. I set the pan
on an ordinary gasoline stove and put
in water enough to bring it well up
around the neck of the bottles when
the full number are in place. I do not
put anything in the pan for the bot-
tles to set on — just set them right
down in the water with nothing be-
tween them and the blue flame be-
neath, but the bottom of the pan and
what little water that works itself
under the bottom of the jar. I do not
remember of having broken but one
jar in this way, and I consider it whol-
ly unnecessary to provide a false bot-
tom for the jars to set on. I leave
them in the slightly boiling water
about twenty-five or thirty minutes,
when they are removed to a nearby
table and another lot of jars takes
their place. I seal the jars as quickly
as possible, set them aside tem-
poraril}' and then draw off another
batch of honey from Uie tank. I do
not label any till the honey has cool-
ed, for the labels stick better when
put on cold jars. In this way one can
work quite rapidly and avoid the dan-
ger of impairing the color of honey b}^
unduly heating it.

Wheelersburg, Ohio, August 7, 1905.

A CONVENIENT COLONY
RECORD

m

the front means "moth," ''weak
"watch closely," etc. If placed nea|
middle of right side, it signifie
"small colony," "progressing," an
near back of right side, means "larg
colony," "liable to swarm," "needin
room," etc. The middle is for quee
record, so rock near front tells me "N
queen;" on middle signifies th;
queen cell is capped and if near bac
sh(iws me that hive has a j'ouii
queen, not clipped.

Left third of hive refers to ti
honey: as, near front nieans colon
has no honey and I must supply thei
with a frame or two soon, or fee
them; but if on middle, its a bett<
sign, for that says, "they have pleni
for brood raising and present wants
but if rock "is near back of left side,
know the extractor is the best remec
for its crowded condition. Nothir
on hive simply means "OK.'^

I go through the whole yard two t
three times a year and then put the;
signs on, and as the evils or bad co:
ditions are cured by future oper
tions, the marks are thrown off, ;
that most of the time Iiives are i
clear. I have had from seventy-five
one hundred colonies for the la
three years, yet have had but s
swanns in that time. Dividin

doubling clipped queens and sectic
honey is my way. Have created
home demand for all the honey I c;
get here.

Key West, Florida, July 17, 1905.

sus-

WAX ADULTERATION
PECTED.

By F. W. Hunt.

EDITOR AMERICAN BEE-
KEEPER: Having used a way
of hive marking for several years, that
I never saw in print, thought you
would like to know of it, to add to your
list of systems. I use the Danz hive
and covers, and as the covers are in
three parts, it allow.= me to divide the
top, right side for *-he colony, center
for the queen, and left side for honey
conditions, so this gives me three sig-
nals for each.

Take the right side: a stone, shell,
block or any handy thing placed near

I

By J. E. Johnson.
WAS ASTONISHED to see c
page 157 of last American Be
Keeper a very strange stateme:
by Mr. F. Greiner, viz.: "Comb hone
with artificial foundation as a bai
should be branded as a fraud, unle;
the box be branded as comb built
foundation."

My, My! and here I have been, f(
about twenty-two years, getting a<
vice through the bee journals that
should use full sheets in section
This has been advocated by nearly a
our good knights of the smoker an
bee veil; and our good old frien
Doctor Miller, in whom there is
guile, very strongly recommends bot

905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

179

op and bottom starters, and I have
lad a kind of "sneaking feeling" that I
S^as a little on the back number order
lecause I use only starters or half
heets. But if it is wrong to use lull
heets because of fraud, then if one
ised only a little starter that would
Iso be wrong, though using full
heets as per Doctor Miller's plan
vould be deserving of capital punish-
aent, while using starters, say one
rich square, would entitle one to
bout thirty days in jail.

of the largest firms that make and
handle bee supplies. It was almost
white and even in the hottest weather
it did not get soft. I am told that it
has been bleached, and that when
thus treated, it becomes whiter and
harder, but I surely don't understand
why bleaching should render it so that
it requires more heat to melt it. I
think it contains a pretty large per
cent of paraffine. but I may be wrong.
If not, then why do not all makers
bleach their foundation? I find that

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A CONVENIENT COLONY RECORD.

No, Friend Greiuer, I surely don't
gree with you, because wax founda-
ion is not really an artificial produc-
ion, but the pure bees' wax is merely
abulded into convenient form. What
ind of comb honey would we have
without foundation?

I think starters are all right and full
heets better, because you get your
ections to weigh just about a pound
nd more uniform. But let me tell
■ou where the harm is:

Two years ago I got ten pounds of
ice, thin super foundation from one

the bees do not accept this white foun-
dation as readily as that which has a
yellowish color. Since that time I
have been using it.

We are told that all foundation made
in the United States is unadulterated
and that no paraffine is used in foun-
dation. Now, my fellow bee-keepers,
why did Professor Wiley, who is
chief in chemistry at Washington,
give to the Rural New Yorker an
article for publication last winter in
which he stated that paraffine was
used in making comb base?

i8o

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEE'PER.

September,

Do you think he would make such a
satement unless he had analj-zed
foundation and found such to be the
case? If this was not a fact then
\vh}' did not the prominent manufac-
turers make him take it back? No.
the}' remained as silent as could be
notwithstanding that Air. Abbott chal-
lenged them to prove the accusation
false. I ask j^ou also, Why did Prof-
fessor AUyn give out that he had
anal3'zed comb honey as found upon
the market and found it to contain
paraffine wax? These statements be-
ing made by men high rn authority are
published throughout the land ana
are taken up and republished, not only
in other papers, but in encyclopedias,
and when we write articles in the
papers denying these assertions, the
editors and reporters think, we are ly-
ing because when a professor says a
thing is thus and thus it can't be any
"thuser," and they find by turning to
their cyclopedias that professor so
and so is right. Now, fellow bee-keep-
ers, are these men of high standing-
wrong, and are they doing us this
great injury because they are a set ot
ignoramuses, or are they right and
are we being wronged because the
manufacturer has become so eager
for profits that he is not content with
paying twenty-eight to thirty cents for
wax and selling foundation for sixty-
five cents per pound, we paying
freight both ways, but must mix it
with parafifine and thus do us this
great injury? Comb honey built on
full sheets of pure beeswax founda-
tion is not one bit adulterated, but if
paraffine is used in foundation, then it
becomes an adulterated product and
the law should interfere. If the state-
ments made by these professors are
false, what do you think of the idea
that men who are chosen to high
postions and draw a fine salary from
the people and are supposed to be
there working for our interests and
then give out statements which do us
more wrong than anything else caii
do; but not only so, but those state-
ments go on record to be a continual
injury for years to come? I am satis-
fied that this has done the honey
market more injury than all else com-
bined. Is it not time we seek to find
who are the guilty ones, the manufac-
turers of comb foundation, or the men

who are paid by us and working for
us at these agricultural colleges? Let
us hear from others on this matter.
Williamsfield, 111., Aug. 6, 1905.

POLITICS IN THE APIARY.

By Henrv E. Horn.

GOV. FOLK of Missouri, has veto-
ed the foulbrood bill passed by
the Legislature of his state be-
cause of the unreasonable power with
which it invested the foulbrood in-
spector. Gov. Folk deserves the
thaiiks of the bee-keepers of Missouri
for his conscientious act, though that
is about the last thing he is getting
from some of them. The bill appears
to have been partially cqpied after the
California law. and as the actual work-
ing-out of the latter is by some of our
bee-men feared more than foulbrood
itself, the wisdom of Folk's veto may
becoiTie manifest.

According to the provisions of
choosing inspectors "made and pro-
vided" by our law the board of super-
visors of a given county are authoriz-
ed to appoint either by petition or
free choice any one they may deem
fit to the office of inspector. There
is no test necessary to prove fitness,
no examination to show coiiipeteiicy.
The office carries a good salary, as do
also the jobs of sub-inspectors, or
deputies if each are appointed, as is
usually the custom

After being thus legally appointed
the inspector, or his deputy, has the
power to eiiter any apiary and to make
a lengthy examination of every coloiiy
of bees present, serving no iiotice of
the iinpending invasioii oii the owner,
nor leaviiig no report, nor word of aiiy
kind behiiid him after departure. To
him, the owner siinply docs not count.
It would be strange iiideed if under
such conditions — keeping in mind the
well nigh terrific pressure of universal
coiiipetitioii for jobs on the one hand,
and on the other the political debts
elected county officers usually owe to
petty politicians, and which are regu-
larly paid of¥ with public jobs and
snaps — results fearful rather than
beneficial did not follow iii the wake
of the march of the law through the
apiary.

There are apiaries after apiaries that
have beeii thus inspected and re-in-

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

spccted without the owner ever know-
ing a thing about it except — for the
damage done. As every competent
'beenian knows there are times, dry
seasons, sudden cessation of nectar
flow, requiring operations, when to
open a hive means damage. But our
inspectors pay no attention to any
such little things as that. Mr. Brown,
of West Riverside told me one day
last summer that he had three colonies
robbed out just after the inspector
had been at them. I myself lost tw'o
and if I had not happened along just
in time — the bees crazy and hunting
for a half a mile around for something
to sting — I probably would have lost
twenty. But the inspector had made
his point, i. e. "put in" two or three
days of his otherwise probabh- idle
time, and gained a claim against the
ciiunty — what doe.- he care whether
the simpleton of a bee-keeper likes
this vandalism or not?

But here is a worse feature. As
Preuss discovered and Cheshire prov-
ed, foulbrood is caused by an almost
infinitely small vegetable, or plam..
which, while in tb*^ seed, or spore
state floats about in the air, readily
attaching itself to anything with
which it may happen to come in con-
tact. Hence the opening of a hive
of diseased bees, taking out the
frames, setting the hive atmosphere in
rapid motion through the instrumen-
tality of a vigorously applied smoker,
cannot but cause the neighborhood of
that hive instantaneously to become
thickly spore-infected in an ever
widening circle. There is a chance
that no harm may come from that to
the rest of the hives but it's more like-
ly that every one around will become
spore invaded.

Should, however- -^11 danger from
that source pass happily by the fur-
ther activity of the inspector is well
calculated to give one the cold shivers.
For, having shut up the first hive he
goes, spore infested millionfold in
clothes, skin, hair, breath, smokei,
tools, to the second hive and indus-
triously, though ignorantly sows and
smears and glues bacillus alvei all
through that, and then the next one.
and so forth. And tomorrow he goe:,
into a clean apiary, mayhaps, but if it
remains clean thereafter the credit

will have to be given to the bees, or
their keeper — certainly not to the in-
spector for disinfect he his clothes,
and person ever so thoroughly,
bacillus alvei can stand several hours
boiling in water, and our inspector
cannot. Besides, how many are tak-
ing the pains, or are competent, to dis-
infect themselves properly.

Of course, though our foulbrood
law would thus seem to bring about
conditions diametrically opposite to
those expected it may therefore not
be without some virtue. The now for
years rigorously conducted campaign
of bee papers and supply houses to
start everybody beekeeping, and to
make everybody now keeping bees to
"keep more bees" having logically
brought on "the crisis" of a dull
market for honey and low prices, the
energetic sewing of foulbrood seed on
the part of inspectors, and the con-
sequent destruction of the thus infest-
ed colonies may reduce the number
of them again to a normal level, and
thus, also the supply of honey. — Orch-
ard and Farm.

STARTLING, IF TRUE.

"It is a fact that ceresin foundation
is sold in Europe," sayt; the Editor of
Gleanings. "The reason why paraf-
fin and ceresin foundation can be sold
across the water and not in America
is due to the difference in climate."
Hold hard, Mr. Root! You have been
over-hasty in trusting to Mr. Hasty,
who is here not a "reliable" guide.
Your deduction is wrong, because
your "foundation" is wrong. Like
the' ceresin foundation in any hive,
it falls, owing to its not being genuine.
Here in Great Britain our manufac-
turers are above suspicion, and would
not adulterate, I believe, for all the
trifling gain. But there would be no
gain, only loss, because with the
splendid foundation w^e can get, bee-
keepers would never give a repeat or-
der to any house selling such vile stuff.
I have said adulterated foundation
would break down in any hive, and I
might add in any clime. The tem-
perature of the hive interior is such
during our warm summers that noth-
ing but the genuine article will bear
the strain imposed on it. — British Bee-
Keeper's Record.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

CALIFORNIA HONEY PRODUC-
ERS.

The California National Honey
Producers' Association, has sent out
a circular to its members containing
some matters of interest to the honey
producers of California. The associa-
tion represents about 25.000 colonies
of bees or about one-fourth of the bees
in the seven southern counties of the
state. Southern California is report-
ed as having about one-third of a crop.
Avith prospects for a fair crop in the
central part of the state. Colorado
will have about 60 per cent of a crop
while Arizona will have the lightest in
years.

The association has not fixed an ar-
bitrary price on honey, but its mem-
bers are advised to hold their crop
for the following prices: White 5
cents, light amber 4 3-4 cents, amber 4
cents. Arrangements can be made for
storage in Los Angeles for $2 per ton
per year for extracted with 50 per cent
additional for comb honey, and there
insured for $100 per ton at a yearly
rate of 50 cents. The estimated crop
for southern Caliiornia based upon
the reports received and the number
of cases and cans sold is placed at
125 cars of 20 tons each. — Orchard
and Farm.

PROFITABLE SEASON IN
IRELAND.

After three successive years of mis-
fortune, it is most gratifying to re-
ceive reports of success from every
part of the country, and also from
England and Scotland. During .the
time of adversity many were asked:
"Is there money in bees?" and many
replied by giving up the industry al-
together. Faint-hearted and im-
patient, they had not the pluck which
perseveres aud welcomes difficulties
for the joy of overcoming them. The
hopeful and determined kept on dog-
gedly, waiting for a favorable season,
and confident that there is "money in
bees" when skies are blue, and fields
are bathed in sunshine.

June and July brought us the weath-
er required for the secretion of nectar,
and for its gathering by the eager lit-
tle workers and now the delighted
owners are complaining that the
books, in suggesting a possible profit
jHUUOu B ui >(DOis jad z-^ jo

season, have misrepresented the case.
We hear of i68tt)s of section honey
per stock from counties wide apart,
while some experienced bee-keepers
are counting upon 20olbs. of surplus
honey per stock. With 2ootbs. the
net profit should be well over £3, or
from 100 per cent, to 150 per cent,
upon the capital involved, and we
shall have to reckon 1905 as above the
normal — a season to be remembered
for the splendid work accomplished
by the bees.

It is worth noting that, judging
from the reports to hand, the best re-
sults have been obtained by Italians,
and, of course, by stocks which had
young queens. Swarming has been
very general, in spite of all precau-
tions, but where the swarms were
rightly managed, the owners have
both increased their stocks and secur-
ed a good return of honey.

Marketing will now demand careful
attention. It may be assumed that,
with honey so ' plentiful, prices will
drop, and only the article that is ex-
cellent, and that is properly prepared
for the buyer, will sell to the best ad-
vantage.— Irisli Bee Journal.

A Mr. Thomas I. Weston, of Hoak
Hampshire, Engand, under date April
i8th, 1905. in the American Bee-
Keeper, makes a violent attack upor
the Irish Bee-keepers' Association
which he describes as "split up by in-
ternal quarrels." One wonders whal
has the I.B.K.A. done to Mr. Thomas
I. Weston of Hook, Hampshire, Eng-
land, that he should go so far afield to
malign the Irish Association. There
is no justification whatever for the as-
serticai that the I.B.K.A. is split up by
internal quarrels, nor, in fact, that it
has any quarrels at all, internal ot
otherwise, and when we have said this
we have taken more than sufficient
notice of Mr. Thomas I. Weston and
his misrepresentations. — Irish Bee
Journal.

Why should we faint and fear to live
alone.
Since all alone, so Heaven has will-
ed, we die.
Nor even the tenderest heart, and
next our own.
Knows half the reasons why we
smile and sigh. fj. Keble.

4M»»»»»»»»»»»»»»MMM »♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦t»»

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.
Contributions to ttiis Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

^♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM»» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦MMMMM

GERMANY.

GENERAL, ADVICE.
The prospects for honey are very dis-
couraging, says Guenther in 111. Bztg.. and
continues: In localities with no fall honey
reason, July is the closing month and to
Increase during this month is not to he
lecommended. Tt is best to ar'opt some
mea.=ure to keep the bees from breeding;'
as Lrood-rearing costs lots of honey and
the bees reared are of no value. In the
heath and in buckwheat localities breeding
is to be encouraged.

July is the time to renew qvieens Do
not wait till August, as the young queens
will not get to laying early enough to rear
enough young bees for the winter. Late
reared queens do not mate readily.

E\-ery bee-keeper should keep sonie queens
on hand for an emergency. The forming
of nuclei is an easy matter. Two brood-
combs with bees and a queen -cell from a
colony, that has been, queenless for ten
days makes a satisfactory nucleus. Add to
it a honey and pollen comb and an empty
one. Such a nucleus, when queen has be-
gun to lay, may be united with the colony
having an old queen, after removing the
latter.

Keep close watch of such colonies as
have swarmed. See to it that their queens
have not been lost.

Drone-breeders are to be treated as fol-
lows: Brush the bees on the ground a lit-
tle ways from their hive and transfer a
nucleus colony with queen to the same, close
entrance for a half hour to give nucleus
colony time to become settled. Then open
entrance again. The brushed bees will
quietly and gradually join the nucleus and
all will be well.

The safest way to handle foul-broody
colonies is to destroy them. Disinfect tools,
hands and clothing.

A sad story about foul -brood told by
Anmann In Illustr. Bztg. : Bee-keeper

Ulrich, of Schweinitz, was called on to hive
a .swarm of bees for a neighbor. He did
so and also looked up the hive the swarm

had come from. He found the hive to be
very badly affected with foul-brood, and the
swarm a deserter. The hive was destroyed
by fire, the bees hived into a clean hive.
They developed foul-brood later and again
left the hive entering in part three hives of
Anmann. In consequence, foul-brood de-
veloped in Anmann's yard. Half of his
30 colonies died with it that year and the
rest, the next year.

The Columbus comb foundation made of
iron, coated with wax, is again talked
about in German journals. It is recommend-
ed both for brood-chambers and for ex-
tracting combs. Otto Schulz is the manu-
facturer.

Swarms are more apt to abscond when
hived on sets of combs than when an empty
hive is given, says Editor Freudenstein. in
Neue Bztg.

Ludwig says in Deutsche Bzclit. : "In
dealing with a friend always have a cash
deal, otherwise you may lose your money, or
the friend, possibly both."

The same writer considers it a good prac-
tice for such bee-keepers as have only an
early honey-flow to purchase heath bees in
the fall. With them strengthen each colony
to the amount of one pound. These bees,
he says, are reared during the late honey-
flow and are vigorous. They give a colony
an Impetus which manifests Itself in great-
er activity of workers and queen. These
bees can usually be bought at 50 cents
per pound; they would have been brimstoned
If not sold. Bee-keepers, who have only an
early honey flow, sell bees at the close of
their honey season to the heath bee-keepers,
sonaetimes at 62 Vs cents per pound, and
Ludwig says, at that price the heath bee-
keepers do well out of it. They use these
bees for storing honey, and later when their
season is over they sell them back again.

There is a inovement on foot to unite the
different bee-keepers' societies into one great
society. — Bzcht.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September,

To avoid stings and to keep the bees in
an amiable condition, Wurth gives tlie fol-
lowing good advice in Die Biene: Never
stand in front of a hive or in the way of
the flying bees; perform all operations quiet-
ly and without haste; do not approach the
bees when sweaty; select a time to work
with bees when the weather is fair and the
bees freely at work; use smoke moderately,
but always use it. Wear a light bee-veil
but no gloves; have clean hands; brush no
bees; when stung brush away the bee and
remove the sting; do not breathe on the bee;
especially vicious colonies feed before and
after any operation. When these rules are
followed and' a colony can not be controlled
easily supplant the queen with a better
one."

syrup fed to a colony of young bees that
did not fly for eight days, was found to con-
tain, when capped, as much formic acid as
sealed hone.v.

Dickel is opposed to any foul- brood law.
He claims that it is impossible to enforce
any such law.

LARGE AND SMALL HIVES.

J. B. Chardin, in experimenting with dif
ferent sizes of hives, says that small hives
are usidesirable on account of excessive
swarming and subsequent starvation, very
large ones, objectionable from the large
amount of brood reared, which consumes
the little amount gathered. Medium brood
nests with sufficient surplus room gave the
best results. The year in which these ex-
periments were made was a very poor one
in his locality. In a good season, larger
hives would likely have been the best.

(It may be observed that the European
apiarists use larger brood nests than we
do. We would probably call a large hive
what they consider only medium.)

To keep down grass in bee yards and
walks, Centralblatt says that the residue
of calcium carbide will do it. Where acety-
lene gas is made, this substance accumulates
in large quantities and, as it has no value,
may be easily obtained.

HONEY VS. LUMBER.
A correspondent calculates that a linden
tree produces during its lifetime $7ii worth
of honey and $10 worth of lumber.

The writer has sent honey to Germany a
few times to private friends. Their verdict
was that the honey produced in Germany is
of better flavor and aroma than the American
honey.

SUMATRA.

The hunting of bees or rather the taking
possession of the combs of the big bee is
a profession among the natives of the island.
The secret of how to avoid stings and
conquer the bees is carefuUy guarded by
certain families and communicated from fa-
ther to son. It would seem a most dangerous
piece of business to climb a tall tree with a
smooth, limbless body a hundred feet high.
But it is accomplished without a ladder, only
a piece of rope reaching around the tree and
some wooden pegs are brought into requisi-
tion.— Leipz. Bztg.

FRANCE.

FORMIC ACID IN HONEY.
Concerning the, theory advanced long ago
by Mullendorf that the formic acid of honey
is deposited in the cells by the bees sting-
ing through the cappings, the analysis and
experiments of von rianta are recalled. The
amount of formic acid deposited, or rather
ejected, when a bee stings is about 200
times greater than what is found In one cell
of honey. Sugar syrup, suspended in a wire
cage placed in a strong colony acquired a
distinct taste of formic aeid but far less
than the honey found in the cells. Sugar

BEES IN THE HOME.
Mb. A. Filet transferred a colony from a
house to his apiary. He could not secure all
the brood and bees. The space occupied by
the colony was about six cubic feet between
the chimney and a cupboard. The space
was nearly full of combs, the largest being
four feet and seven inches. They were
about a foot wide, this being the width
of the cavi>ty. — Revue Internationale.

NAPHTALINE AND FOUL-BROOD.
Francoi? Coquet keeps naphtaline con-
stantly in his hives and has so far escaped
foul -brood, though it has nearly destroyed
most of the apiaries in his neighborhood. —
La Revue Internationale.

FEEDING OUT OF DOORS.
Mr. Hantor Beck has practiced out-of-doors
feeding for several years with success. He
simply uncaps the combs of honey to be
fed, puts them near the hives and spreads
them over the yard when they are covered
with bees. When too many bees are on one
comb, he shakes them off and moves the
comb to some distance. He does not begin
until one and a half or two hours before
sun down. When nearly dark, empty dry
combs are put dowH in the place of the
honey combs not yet empty and there stored
away till next day. Only once robbing took
place, but was immediately stopped with
carbolic acid. He thinks a quarter of a
pound thus fed does more good than a
pound given inside, so far as brood rearing

[905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 185

concerned. Stimulative feeding in tlie TO PREVENT SWARMING,

pringr should not be <begrun before somw One summer, Mr. Pincot happened to be

ollen or honey is brought in. sick at the time when he ought to have

put the supers on his colonies, says L'Api-

DYSENTERY. culteur. When he got well, some of his

Mr. H. Freudenstein cures dysentery by colonies had swarmed and a number of oth-

iving the bees warm sugar syrup. It will, ^rs had queen cells sealed. Over each of

e says, cure them even without a cleansing t^ese he put a second story, into which

ight. If the weather is cold, the feed must werp mioo^ ti>-„„ e ™ j, ^ , ,

v.eie raised three frames of brood from be-

e quite close to the cluster, in order to en- i„„, *,,„ ,.„™„;„i„„ „„ . ^,

low, tne lemaming space of the upper story

ble the bees to take it. vvfi<5 fillfri with „™«. . , .,

v\as niiea with empty combs and three

frames of foundation took the place of the

YOUNG VS. OLD BEES. brood combs moved above. None of the

Mr. Mulot contends that old bees are as colonies thus treated swarmed He does

30d or even better than young ones for not say whether the queen cells were de-

intering purposes. He says that the old stroyed or not

jes which wear themselves out raising brood

,te in the fall could have done as good ser- TESTING WAX.

ce in the spring as the young bees them- A general method of testing the purity of

lives and at less expense. (There are old wax is given by Mr. Armand Gaille, chemist

)es and old bees. W^hat Mr. Mulot has in at Coneise, Switzerland Three trials are

ew is the result of quite late breeding, to be made in the following order:

he majority of the European bee-keepers 1- Specific weight. A small piece of

imulate brood rearing in the fall as much beeswax known as pure is made into a ball

id as late as possible in order to have strong and then put in a mixture of alcohol and

■lonies of young bees in the spring.) water. About one-third alcohol and two-

thirds water. Then water is added carefully

FEEDING LARVAE. until the wax barely floats and when pushed

An item is reproduced from a German down comes up very slowly. A similar piece

iper saying that the larvae of the bee are of the suspected wax is then tried in the

ntinually moving after their food, complet- same way and if pure should behave in the

ig the circuit every two hours, approxi- same way. In making the balls, care should

ately. Every time a turn is completed, be taken that no air remains inside, and

ey receive a fresh supply of food. How that when in the mixture, their surfaces

e observer found it out not stated. should be well wetted. TJiis is not enough

for the adulterant might have added some-

WINTERING. thing lighter and also something heavier so

Mr. Baffert found that bees winter just as to bring the average about right.

well if empty combs or empty space is in -• A small piece of wax is placed in

e hive as when the bees are confined In a a glass with some essence of turpentine of

laller space by dummies. (The winters of Arst quality and purity. The glass is then

■ance are milder than ours.) — L'Apiculteur. heated on a small alcohol tamp until the

wax is dissolved. If the solution is muddy

SMOKER WITHOUT SMOKE. or not complete, the wax is not pure, as the

Instead of fuel and fire, put in the smoker turpentine dissolves the wax completely,
sponge wetted with an apifuge composed 3. Another piece of the wax to be tried

Spanish fly pulverized and dissolved in is then placed in a glass with some con-

rbolic acid. The combination is diluted centrated pure alcohol and heated until the

th enough water to make a rather weak ^'ax is dissolved. The glass is then set

ixture. — Le Progress Apicole. aside to cool for at least half an hour. The

liquid is filtered and added to about the

CLEANING COMBS. same volume of distilled or rain water. A

A German paper is quoted as giving the small piece of tournesol paper blued by a
Uowing for making bees clean the -x- little amnionia is then added. The whole
icted combs without robbing: Carry a is shaken together. After a quarter of an
rong colony into an enclosure without hour the paper should have remained blue.
)sed windows, such as a stable. Put If it becomes red the wax is adulterated,
side it an empty hive, with only the en- If the color has not changed, the liquid
mce open. The combs to be cleaned are should be filtered, and after filtration the
iced in this hive, successively and the liquid must be clear. The wax that will
es of the colony are shown the way to, stand these three tests can be considered
d do the cleaning. If necessary the as pure as all the known possible adultera-
ed combs in the colony can be exchanged tions would be revealed either by one or
empty ones, or even foundation. the other. — Le Revue Internationale.

i86 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Septembe

A POINT OF LAW. point should be noted. Similar cases rr/ig

On June 1, 1905, a swarm came forth from arise here as well.

one of Mr. B.'s colonies and settled In the

enclosed garden of a neighbor. Mr. B. had DYSENTERY,

seen the swarm come out, followed It and A correspondent who signs his nai

saw it settle in Mr. X.'s garden. He came "Le Bourdon," in a careful examination

in the house and asked permission to take dysentery in bees, distinguishes three classt

it. Mr. X squarely refused the desired per- One seldoin very dangerous is characterlz

mission. Mr. B. instituted suit. The French by the excretion being yellow. This shou

Code on the subject reads thus: "The rather be called diarrhea. A much mc

owner of a swarm has the right to claim serious kind exists when the excretion;

it and take it wherever it settles, provided dark, rather thick and of very repulsi

he has followed it, otherwise it belongs to odor. That disease always results in

the owner of the land where it settles." The considerable mortality and is undoubtec

court decided that the right to claim and real dysentery.

take the swarm carried with it the right to The third is a constipation, but t

enter the property through which it passes symptoms described are so much like 1:

and where it settles, with of course, the paralysis that he has probably taken t

liability to pay any damage that might be paralysis for constipation. — La Rev

done the property during the operation. That Eclectique.

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS. SCRAPS OF HISTORY.

Platteville, Wi.=., Aug. 22, 1905.

Nominations for candidates for of- Transferring of larvae for q'lei

ficers to be elected rext November by rearing was practiced bj' Dr. Da

the National Bee-Keepers' Associa- hoff prior to i860. Huber was tl

tion. The following terms of office the originator.

expire January i, 1906: President, J. Direct introduction of queens w

U. Harris; Vice-Prf sident, C. P. Da- practiced by Huber, and exploited 1

dant; Secretary, W. Z. Hutchmson; Hubler in 1866. Confining bees f

General .Manager and Treasurer, T\. ^^^^^ introduction was also demo

E.France; Directors, J. ALHambaiigh, ^^^^^^^ ^ ^j^^ 1^^^^^ bee-master

C. A Hatch and D^. C. C Miller. ^j^^^ ^^^^^'

All members are requested to send

me, by mail, by September 20. their _ , ^ ~~r.

nominations for above officers. The Look to your hive covers novv. ai

two receiving the highest number of ^^^e that they are water tight. Bett

votes for each office will be considcren S'^e them a fresh coat of paint,
candidates to be voted for at the

November election of officers. Don't! don't! don't!!! put any po

N. E. FRANCE. Gen. Manager. '^^^^ o" ^he market. Feed it ba,

' to the bees now and let them ne

,,..,,. ,, 1 , Til \ spring turn it into bees which' w

Wilhanisheld, 111., Aug. 5, 1905. secure you a crop of white honey.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

There were good indications for a ^^^^ ^ j^ ^^^^ ^1^ p^,

honey crop early in the season, but ^^ ^^^^ generally it is of very pr

cool weather and very coo nights pre- ^o^^^^.^j fl^^^r and hence not enjoy(

vented the bees from building comb ^ ^ ^ -^ f^^. ^^^^^ ^j,

Nearly all comb honey here will be o ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ Uj^^ i^ ^,.,^ ^„^de

an inferior grade and only about a half ^^^^^ j^ ^^ ^^^^ j^ ^^^ ^^^^5^ ^^e

crop at that, all of which will be sold ^,^^^ j^ necessary.

at home, 1 think. Smartweed is not

abundant but will, I think, insure win-

ter stores; but hardly any fall surplus. Naples, N. \ ., Aug. i, 1905.
Second crop red clover is blooming Editor Bee-Keeper:
nicely and bees are at work on it to The honey harvest has been belo
the extent of a good living. the average. We have but about :
J. E. Johnson. pounds per colony — one-third extrac
ed and two-thirds comb. Have ii

In too many cases a sanguine dis- creased enough to make good wint(

position is merely — a disposition to losses. We expect some honey froi

ignore probabilities. — Puck. buckwheat. F. Gremer.

American Bee=Keeper

^RRY E. HILL,
ITHIR C. MILLER,

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

187

THE

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JBLISHING OFFICE,
3ME OFFICE. - -

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Falconer, N. Y.

- - - ■ Editor
Associate Editor

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lEDitoriaL

Try to finish before the end of this
lonth all work which necessitates
sturbing brood-nest or opening the
ves so that the bees may have a
lance to give the final touch to their
rangements before the cold stops
leir labors.

The Bee-Keeper inaugurated the
"actice of having a selected poem in
ich issue, of scattering quotations,
•Qverbs, etc., through its pages and
giving the valuable bits of news of
e bee-keeping world. Other papers
e now following our lead. Thank
)u gentlemen for the complitnent.

We wish to urge all bee-keepers
who possibly can attend the next
meeting of the National Association
to be held at San Antonio, Te.xas, to
do so even at some inconvenience and
cost to themselves. Matters of great
importance are to be considered so
be sure to go. We shall have some-
thing more to say about this next
month.

See to it that your bees have more
than what you think are enough stores
to carry them through the winter. A
good colony will consume much more
food from the time of tfie first flight
until the spring honey flow, than
through the cold months. A full lar-
der means a big colony, other things
being equal and it means it without
any fussing with feeding and its ac-
companying danger — danger to the
bees and your reputation.

In treating of wax-rendering a
writer in the Australasian Bee-Keep-
er says that he finds the instructions
against boiling the mass of combs
and water to be useless, and that just
as nice wax will be secured by boiling
as by avoiding it. His deductions are
right, but will be misleading if the
quality of the water used is not con-
sidered. Water that is considerably
alkaline will seriously effect wax that
is boiled with it, but if the water is
neutral or slightly acid no harm will
ensue.

For the benefit of veteran as well as
novice we wish to call attention at this
time to three factors essential to the
successful wintering of bees. They
are: First: An abundance of young
bees, hence do not unite a lot of old
bees from nuclei and expect to carry
the resulting colony through to next
spring. Second: A vigorous queen,
for without this the strongest colony
will dwindle before they can rear a
new queen. Third: An anundance of
sound stores. This does not mean a
few combs of honey tucked in at the
last minute, nor a lot or syrup fed
after all hopes of stores from the
fields have gone. It means weTI ripen-
ed honey, placed by the bees where
their instincts direct and hence avail-
able as needed.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Septempei

REMOVING PROPOLIS. the verge of ruin by being placed i

The ado over the removal of propolis such a depository with the tempera

from hands or utensils suggests that ture considerably above the freezin

more or less persons regard it as some point." Who was right?
strange and peculiar substance. Treat We have good reason to believe tfia

it as anj' pitch or gum is treated and it a high death rate, with or withou

yields readily. Rub on a little grease dysentery is due to the efforts of th

or oil and follow with soap in warm bees to keep their cluster temperatur

water. A strong solution of an alkali normal by the consumption of store'

such as washing soda, potash or am-
monia will remove it as will also al-
cohol, naptha, gasolene or kerosene.
With one or another of these substan-
ces it can be removed from most any
article without damage thereto.

ABOLISH THE FEEDING PRAC-
TICE.
In reviewing the report of the last
meeting of the N. B. K. A. attention
was arrested by comments on the
feeding of sugar for producing honey.
Some earnest men in their efforts to
show that the possibilities were over-
drawn compared the prices of sugar
and of honey, saying that with sugar
at six cents and honey at nve cents
obviously there could be no profit to
induce the practice. In their zeal they
quite overlooked the fact that the
six cents' worth of sugar makes three
pounds of feeding syrup and two
pounds \Vhen stored and thickened.
Sixty-six per cent gross profit is quite
a temptation to a good many men,

deficient in heat producmg element
namely, the sugars. When bees hav
the time and the population to propei
ly treat and thicken fall noney it i
quite as good as any other as a winte
food and inuch safer than sugar syru
fed late, as the latter often crystallize:

ODOR THEORY AGAIN.
The editor of the Review commen-
ing on our remarks on the odor facte
in queen introduction and in unitin
bees, cites the followmg strong ev
dence of the fallacy of the odor the
ory: "In making up colonies i usuall
take combs, with the adhering bet
from about three different colonic
put them all together in a n^-w hi\
and give them a queen. Such colonie
defend themselves from intrudei
from the very first." It would seem <
though the different 'scent' would I
so badly inixed up as to be of litt
value. Further on reference is mac
to the odor left by a queen on objec

she has been in contact with as show
and when a three-cent-per-pound stor- ^y ^^e ways bees run over andexamir
ed syrup can be sold for fifteen cei>ts ^^^.j, objects. It is probably from th
there is temptation enough to warrant
a lot of strong preaching against the
feeding of any syrup for any purpose
except prevention of absolute starva-
tion.

that the odor theorj^ first arose, bi

the fact was overlooked that an

bees pay the same attention to sue

objects regardless of what queen le

the odor, or whether the bees wei

'_„ ^, queenless or not. It is difficult to ui

WHO WAS RIGHT? derstand just the nature of the quee

An early writer said "If bees are odor which thus attracts any workt

obliged to live entirely upon hoiaey bee, because a fertile queen bee diffei

after having exhausted their stock so greatly from higl'-er orders of an

of pollen, they are in general attacked mal life with which we are familia

with dysentery, and the best method A virgin queen does not leave an ir

of curing them is to place .-*ome combs citing odor, neither does a droni

in their hive, the cells of which are Possibly a laying queen generates a

filled with pollen. odor peculiar to her condition an

A later author said: "Colonies which analogous to that of higher animals. £

have no stores of pollen or are only the mating period. Certainly a fertil

meagerly supplied therewith will not queen which is not develop'Mg eggs-

be injured but rather benefited by be-
ing placed during winter in a dark
depository vv'ith a moderate tempera-
ture. On the contrary colonies well

during periods of quiescence— attract
far less attention from the worker
while a virgin receives little if any a
all. In studying the subject of odo

supplied with pollen wi^l be brought to it is quite important that the studen

905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

eep clearly in mind the distinction
etween sex odor ana colony odor,
ssuming that the latter may differ in
ifferent colonies.

In connection with this subject it
hould be noticed that drones pay not
he slightest attention to a queen
ither virgin or fertile or in au}^ way
idicate that they are aware of their
resence. Also that a queen who has
ad her wings slightly trimmed rarely
lates even though able to fly fairly
rel\. This tends to cast doubt on Mr.
!heshire's deductions as to the func-
ons of certain organs on the
ntennae of drones to which he attri-
uted the sense of smell, but which are
lore probably auditory organs.

WAX ADULTERATION.
In this issue of The Bee-Keeper
[r. J. E. Johnson presents a rather
rious accusation against the manu-
cturers of comb foundation, which
lough materially modified in the in-
oductory paragraph, warms up to an
>ctent that leaves no necessity for
uessing as to his premises in the
latter; nor does he attempt to dis-

e the intent to convnice users
f foundation that manufacturers,
rompted by the most vicious motives,
re defrauding their patrons, and
links it is time that an investigation

instituted. In his manuscript,
owever, Mr. Johnson takes occasion
) speak in the most flattering terms
f the foundation turned out by one
articular manufacturer. This refer-
nce has been omitted, as The Bee-
leeper devotes no space in its read-
ig columns to advertising any manu-
icturer's line of goods, and because
f its reflecting upon the integrity of
[I other manufacturers, without an
torn of conclusive proof as a oasis lor
le insinuation, whether just or un-
ist.

It is quite within the scope of the
ational Bee-Keepers' Association to
roceed formally to investigate the
large of adulteration, and The Bee-
eeper has no doubt that any and all
■ the large manufacturers will glad-
assist the movement in any way
lat the Association may be pleased
) indicate.

To publicly charge gross avarice,
and and robbery against the manu-
.cturers of supplies, the editor of The

Bee-Keeper believes to be quite un-
founded and exceedingly unjust; and,
with his present knowledge of the
affairs of some of the largest manu-
facturers and their moral standing
among men, he does not hesitate to
assert that the whole offense is, in his
opinion, confined to the suspicious
mind of the accuser.

It should be borne in mind that
manufacturers of comb foundation
have to depend for their supply of
wax, upon bee-keepers, and that the
source of supply is as scattered and
diversified as are the bee-keepers
themselves, and that, while exertfng
everjr possible effort to exclude every
piece of wax which shows traces
of adulteration, in handling Iiundreds
of tons of wax, coming to them in all
manner of shapes and in tens of thous-
ands of separate pieces, it is beyond
the pale of human ability to know that
absolutely pure wax only has entered
into their product; but that they en-
deavor to have it so, the editor of The
Bee-Keeper has good reason to be-
lieve.

Every writer, and every public
speaker, in common with humanity in
general, has his failings and shortcom-
ings. Mr. Johnson's dominant weak-
ness, judging from his writings, is the
implicit faith with which he appears
to regard every statement emanating
from a "professor." The citation of
Chief Chemist Wiley in such matters
is eminently calculated to excite
ridicule, for this same gentleman, who
stands upon the very apex of
authority, and constitutes its founda-
tion as well, is the very same "profes-
sor" whose loose manner of talking
and utter disregard for facts has led
him to tell the world, in substance,
that the beautiful honey which Mr.
Johnson offers to his patrons each
year is an artificial product, and that
the combs were made by machinery. '
filled with glucose and sealed with a
hot iron. Does Mr. Johnson now ask
bee-keepers to accept this "professor"
as infallable authority, and because
this noted "professor" says that adul-
teration of foumdation is practiced by
our manufacturers, to have their pa-
trons turn upon them with accusations
of criminal fraud, actuated by a desire
to deceive and rob? Does Mr. John-
son think bee-keepers will now take

190

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Septemb|£

to their bosom, and clothe with divine
infallibility, the individual whose
reckless habit of talking, and whose
vile misrepresentation of the honest
industry which they cherish, has rob-
bed it of its dignity and of its profits,
and placed it before the world in the
light of a gigantic swindle? If he
does, he presumes quite too much
upon the stupidity of the fraternity.

If any manufacturer of foundation
is guilty of adulterating the beeswax
used, which is being sold as pure, let
some of our associations thoroughly
investigate, locate the offenders and
expose them to the world. The Ameri-
can Bee-Keeper will earnestly sanc-
tion and assist such a worthy efifort.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF
HONEY.

In discussing the well-worn topic of
"Marketing Honey," there is always
one point the importance of which
is acknowledged if not emphasized bj^
the individual who seeks to enlighten
his fellow craftsmen, and that is. "dis-
tribution." By "distribution" he evi-
dently means that after the laborious
and expensive work of concentration
has been accomplished, the honey
should, by like methods, be again dis-
tributed throughout the land and
placed within reach of the consumers
from whom it had boen removed.

It appears that those who write
upon this subject, fail to realize that
a very thorough distribution of the
nation's honey crop is effected each
year by nature itself, without trouble
or expense, and that, before the work
of shipping is begun each year, a more
thorough distribution of the crop
actually exists than any subsequent
shipping will accomplish. In other
words, the movements of the crop,
through the channels of commerce,
is in reality the work of concentra-
tion, and not that of distribution.

The idea seems to prevail that when
a crop of honey has been harvester
the next step is to move it to Chicago,
New York or some other large city,
the warehouses of which are probably
already overladen with this com-
modity. When it arrives in the great
city, the wholesale dealer begins to
seek a market therefor in the smaller
cities and towns throughout the coun-
try, and quite likely the hnnc}^ may be

shipped to a point very near the fielc
in which it was produced.

We doubt not that by seeking anc
cultivating markets in the smallei
towns, nearer home, and tlierebj
availing ourselves of the advantage o:
the state of distribution originally ex-
isting the bee-keeper's profits migh',
be materially enhanced.

WESTERN BEE JOURNAL SOLD
The Western Bee Journal, whicl
has been published durtng the pas'
three years in the interests of Pacific
Coast apiculture, by P. F. Adelsbach
of Kingsburg, California, has beei
sold to the Calkins Newspaper Syndi
cate, of San Francisco, and consolidat
ed with that excellent agricultura'
monthly, Orchard and Farm, of whicl
Mr. Adelsbach will conduct tht
apiarian department.

During its brief career the Westeri
Bee Journal has been a very spicy am
interesting publication and The Bee
Keeper regrets to lose it from its ex
change list.

Mr. Adelsbach is president ant
manager of the Kingsburg Improve,
ment Association, a corporatioi
capitalized at $100,000, besides beinj
editor and publisher of Kingsburg'
local newspaper. The Recorder, whicl
is also a regular visitor to The Bee
Keeper ofifice, and it reflects the push
pluck and progress characteristic o
the western people.

PRESERVE

BEE-KEEP

YOUR
ERS. il

Without a binder of some sortj^^
magazines are apt to get mislaid anc
lost and at best are not convenient foi
reference. Most binders cost more
than the average person cares to pa)
for such a convenience and so various
makeshifts are substituted. A handj
and efficient device largely used ir
places where many magazines ancH*
pamphlets are received is a commor
rubber band costing but two or thret
cents. One about five inches long by
a half inch wide is just right for The
Bec-Kecper. As soon as you get twc|
or three numbers snap on a band}
lengthways of the magazine and closet
to the back when it will be found thal|
they can be opened and handledl
almost as well as if bound

ipoS-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

191

THE CABBAGE PALMETTO.

Prominent upon the list of Florida
lectar-yielders may usually be noted
:he cabbage palmetto, or cabbage
)alm — Chamoerops palmetto — which,
ndeed. Prof. Cook, in his "Manual of
the Apiary," says is the "noblest Ro-
man of them all." The same work-
presents also an illustration of this
tree, which bears about the same de-
gree of resemblance to the cabbage
palmetto as that which exists between
buckwheat and basswood.

While, in certain localities, and un-

bursts the cappings and oozes out.
The same "working" propensity is in
evidence after extracting, regardless
of the thoroughness with which it
may have been ripened. It appears,
however, to materially improve in this
respect after a year or so in an air-
tight package, when it becomes thick-
er, and a very pleasant, mild-flavored
honey. In color it is white, and ai
first, unusually thin of body.

The "cabbage" palmetto derives its
name from an edible and very pala-
table portion of its bud, somewhat re-

THE CABBAGE PALMETTO.

der favorable conditions, the cabbage
palm yields nectar very profusely, it is
hardly reckoned as a real and reliable

ource by the resident honey pro-
ducer, notwithstanding the almost

ndless profusion in which it grows in
South Florida, for it has a marked pre-
disposition to blight upon the slightest
provocation, and is a very uncertain
bloomer as well.

A peculiar characteristic of cabbage
palmetto honey is its tendency to fer-
ment— even in sealed combs amply
protected by a strong colony, it often

sembling cabbage, that is utilized to a
considerable extent by those living
where it grows, in great abundance,
as it does in South Florida, as may
be seen by the picture herewith shown,
and which gives a glimpse or one of
the streams in the neighborhood of
Fort Pierce, where Mr. James Hed-
don, the veteran apiarist, used to lure
the wily black ba'NS with his now
famous "Dowagiac" bait. The "cab-
bage" of the cabbage palmetto in
some instances affords an iinportant
part of the food supply of the poorer

192

classes of the rural districts
said to be very wholesome.

While it niaj- be wandering some-
what from the subject of bees, to
which the American Bee-Keeper,
sticks closer than any otner bee-paper
in the country, our readers may be
interested to learn that the cabbage
is rather a wonderful tree, sTnce it
affords the material necessary for the
building of a very comfortable house,
as well as supplying something
for the table in the way of
■'vegetables" and honey. Its tall,
and exceedingly straight trunks
make a substantial wall for a log
house, while its huge fan-like leaves
make a first class roof; the only v:x-
pense being that of labor.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

and is

Septembei

COMPARATIVE TESTS OF NEW
AND OLD FOUNDATION.

The following is from the Ameri-
can Bee Journal of July 27, and was
written by Mr. J. A. Green, of "Some-
where in Colorado:"

"Doolittle and other bee-keepers
have used old foundation, and have
found that the bees usea !t all right.
Does not that prove that old founda-
tion is as good as new? By no means.

Take notice that Doolittle says that
all the foundation used by him for
15 years has been put into the frames
or sections during the months of De-
cember, January. February and
March, then stored away until used.
Will he tell us what he has had to
compare this foundation with? All
that his practice really proves is that
bees will use old foundation, some-
thing that T think no one will ques-
tion. But it would give scarcely a
hint as to what was the preference of
the bees.

Experience has made me a little cau-
tious about this, though, and I never
give a colony a full super of old sec-
tions. Instead, I divide the super,
putting half the old sections into an-
other super and then filling both with
sections containing foundation as
fresh as I can conveniently get it.
They are always put in in a certain
way, the new sections all on one side
of the super, the old on the other, and
I can always tell at any time not only
which supers are prepared this way,
but can alwaj^s tell which of them are
the old and which are the new sec-

tions. I have done this for man
years, having each season from 20 t
100 supers prepared in this way. Now
as to results:

In nearly every case, except whe
the bees have been crowded into th
supers by a heavy flow of honey th
bees will start on the new section
first. Occasionally they will mak
quite a start on them before they wi
touch the old ones, but usually, in a
ordinarily good honey-flow, there wi
be only a little difference, just enoug
to show that they prefer the fres
foundation. Even this little differcnc
will usually disappear before the sup
er is finished, so unless you keep clos
watch of the work being done, yo
will not notice that the bees have anj
preference.

Perhaps you will say, if the dii
ference is so slight that it can not b
detected at the time the super come
to be finished, it does not amoun
to anything. It does amount to some
thing, though, in just this way:

It is so exceedingly important tha
the bees make an early start in th
supers; that they form as early as pos
sible the habit of storing their hone;
there; that for the first super at leas
everything should be made as attrac
tive as possible."

This is valuable not only in sliowin;
the difference between two kinds o
experimental research, the first worth
less, the second of much merit, bu
also for giving a true idea of th.
values of old and new foundation. I
would perhaps be well to add that i
foundation is kept from the air it i;
to all intents and purposes new anc
unchanged even after several years.

There is a ,pra)rer of simple act
That from the tongue the readies^

slips.
Which springs spontaneous from tht

heart
And breaks in blessing on the lii)s —
Bless you!

(B. P. Shillaber.

Sow thou the seeds of better deed and

thought — •

Light other lamps while yet thy light

is beaming.

The time is short. (Anon.

"Imitation is the sincerest flattery.''

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

WORTH REMEMBERING.

Long ago, at that period of life when
'he adolescent youth is averse to any
;xertion, the writer among other
,chool duties, was to learn and "speak
I oiece." With customary procrasti-
lation the preparatio'^ was avoided un-
il, when the morning of the fateful
lay arrived, nothing had been learned,
n desperation a '"oere couplet was
elected and committed to memory.

The hour arrived and before the
vhole school the little tale was told,
vhen instead of being permitted to
tep down, the soeaker was ieft
tanding. Matters grew uncomforta-
ile, the school tittered, the seconds
eemed hours, when suddenly, came
he voice of the fine old instructor —

193

to write of it for the benefit of the craft.
In bee-keeping as in farming, lack
of sufficient capital to properly con-
duct the business is +.he rule. A mer-
chant or manufacturer trying to do
business thus handicapped is pretty
sure to fail, in fact one of the com-
monest causes of business failure is
tryino- to do too much business for
the capital employed. It speaks well
for the possibilities of bee-keeping and
farming that so much can be accom-
'^lished with them on so little capital,
but the lack of sufficient capital re-
sults in an inadequate supply of im-
plements hence greater labor and high-
er cost of the produ'-.ts, but still worse
it often forces the sale of the goods at
inopportune times. We invite a dis-
cussion of the subject believing that

.early scarmg away our last bit of ^ ,o„,i^eration of the costs of different
el -possession-saying: I .rust you t,j„, ^,,11 ^^ ^f ^^fi^it, benefit to

^'ill always remember tiiat and live
ip to it. That is all. '

It is always remembered — geiierally
00 late. This is the couplet:

If wisdom's ways you'd wisely seek,
Five things observe with care,

)f whom you speak, to whom you
speak.
And how, and when, and where."

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF
BEE CULTURE.

So rarely is anything said on the
)olitical economy of bee culture that
pneral recognitionof its existence may
veil be doubted. A.nd as one visits
lifferent apiaries and notes the pre-
'ailing lack of sufficient equipment,
)f slack methods, of absence of fore-
hought, the need of instruction along
uch lines is quite anoarent. To be
ure. articles appear from time to time
)n the wisdom of getting hives, sec-
ions, etc., in advance of the time of
leed and now and then a word is said
m the desirability of having a full liiic
)f the implements o'' the craft. Mucli
)f what has been said in the line of
nil equipment has been by persons
nore or less directly interested in the
ale of supplies and hence has been
aken with a large grain of salt,
vlethods of honey production and sys-
ems of manageme'^t are freely dis-
ussed, but the details of manipula-
ion generally obscure the broader
)rinciples of the economics of the
lusiness. Here anr" there individual
lee-keepers grasp the subject and in-
tinctively give proper value to each
letail, but thus far they have failed

sys

all who keep bees for profit, or who
keep bees for fun and expect them to
pav for it.

The points we particularly have in
mind are the question of the amount
of capital per colony necessary for
the greatest economy of production,
the equipment in implements, the num-
ber of combs, supers, etc., needed per
colony together with an idea of the
number of hours o^ labor per colony
per year that can profitably be be-
stowed. A better idea of these things
should lead to lessened cost of honey
oroduction, to the substitution of more
hives and implements for labor in one
case or vice versa in another.

HONEY CROP SHORT— GRAD-
ING RULES.

Alanager Leo F. Hanegan, of the
St. Croix Valley Honey Producers'
Association, Glenwood, W^is., under
date of July 20, writes:

■'The honey crop ui north Atlantic
states is from nothing to one-fourth,
with some small favored localities
having a fair crop. The quality will
be fine. Our reports indicate that the
crop in the arid West to date, is from
no crop at all and feeding, to not more
than one-fourth of a crop."

The following is a ^^ortion of a
circular sent to members of this asso-
ciation, and at this season will, doubt-
less, prove cf interest to others than
members:

Glenwood, W'^., Julj- 15, 1905.
Members of the St. Croix Vallej'-
Honey Producers" Association:

Kind Friend: Your report card

194

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

September;

shows that j^ou are expecting us to
assist you in marketing j-our i ju5 crop
of honey, so here goes for a starter.
We certainly do intend to be of service
to all our meml)ers so far as possible.
Last year experienf-'^ showed us that
our o-reatest field for labor to start
with was instructing our members how
to grade and pack honey properly.
While some bee-keepers know how
and do put their honey up in first class
shape, the majority are rather careless
in grading and packing. We hope
you are one of the careful ones, but
however, we wish to give a little ad-
vice in this letter v/ith reference to
grading and packing comb honey and
package to be used for extracted hon-
ey. Out in Colorado the bee-keepers
have adopted a set of rules which we
believe suits the white clover ano bass-
wood localities first rate and is better
than any other grading rules that have
come under our observation. They
are as folh^ws.

COMB HONEY RULES.

No. I. Sections to be well fil!>'d
and capped, honey white or slightly
amber, comb white and not projecting
bej'onn the wood, wood to be well clean-
ed; cases of separatored honey to aver-
age 21 pounds net per case of 24 sec-
tions, with a minimum weight of not
less than 20 pounds for any single
case; cases of half separatored honey
to average not less than 21 3-4 pounds
net per case of 24 sections, with a mini-
mum weight of 20 3-4 pounds for any
single case; cases of unseparatored
honey to average not less than 22 1-2
pounds net per case of 24 sections,
with minimum weight of 21 1-2
of a pronounced tinge, and all white
pounds for any single case.

No. 2. Includes all amber honey
and amber honey not included in No.
i; to be fairly well sealed, uncapped
cells not to exceed 50 in number ex-
clusive of outside row, wood to be
well cleaned; cases of separatored
honey to average not less than 18
pounds net per case of 24 sections;
cases of unseparatored honey to aver-
age not less than 19 pounds net per
case of 24 sections, cases of unsepara-
tored honey to average not less than
20 pounds net per case of 24 sections.

Cases weighing over 25 ponds go
in No. 2 grade.

EXTRACTED HONEY RULES.

Extracted honej' shall be classified
as white and amber, shall w^eigh twelve

pounds per gallon, shall be perfectl;
free from particles of wax, and shaj
always be marketed in new cans. Al
rendered honej^. whether obtained b;,
solar heat or otherwise, shall b
classed as strained honey and not a
extracted. .

RECOMMENDATIONS.

It is recommended to sell all cul
honey around home as much as possi
ble; to grade only in daylight, near
window.

Pack all sections in stout basswooc
no drip shipping cases, to put pape
above and below sections, to stor
honey in a warm dry room well pre
tected from flies and dust; if the hea
of the room causes the wax moth t
become troublesome treat the hone'
to the fumes of bysvilphide of carbor
to haul carefully, well protected fror
dust and rain; do not nail covers o
tight as it often becomes necessary t
remove them in order to inspect hone
or remove a broken section; do nc
put au}^ names or marks on cases ex
cept grade marks.

FOR LOCAL SHIPPING.

We prefer to pack eight 24 poun
cases in a large crate, first puttin
about four inches of straw in it. Thi
will act as a cushion and prevent
breaking down of the combs from jai
ring or jolting. The glass fronts c
the cases should show through th
crate so that freight handlers ca
easily see what it is and handle ac
cordingly. Then th'^re should be tw
long strips nailed near the top of th
sides of the crate (one on each side
and extending out six or eight inches
formip' handles by which to carr
it. Another good thing is to tack o;
top a large card having on it in plai:
letters.: "Comb Honey, Handle witl
Care." When so prepared, comb hon
ey should go almost anywhere b;
freight in good condition.

The most popular package for ex
tracted honey is the 2 pound frictioi
top can, 5 and 10 pound friction toi
top pail, and the 60 oound square cai
boxed one or tw-o cans in a box, an(
the 60 pound round, flat top can witl
a veneer jacket bail for handle and ;
3 inch screw cap in top. Any of thi
above recommended packages for ex
tracted honey can be had by ordering
through the National Bee-Keepers
Association.

Honey and Beeswax Market.

j Cincinnati, Aug. •^. — At this writing there
is a good demand for extracted honey; ship-
ments are arriving daily. New comb honey
is coming in quite freely, although the de-
imand is only fair, a condition which may be
expected early in the season.

We quote amber extracted honey in bar-
rels and cans at 5 % and 6%c respectively;
white clover extracted, at 7-8'/ic; fancy
white comb honey at 12-15c. Beeswax Is
wanted at 26c.

The Fred "W. Muth Co.

.51 Walnut St.

Honey Market. .

Denver, July 31. — No new honey offered;
crop will be very light. There is plenty of
last season's stock to supply the demand.
We quote our market today; No. 1, $2.20 to
$2.40 per case; No. 2, $1.75 to $2.00; ex-
tracted, 6V2 to 7%; beeswax, 25c.

Colorado Honey Producers Association.

1440 Market St.

Cliicago Aug. 4. — Fancy white, 14; No. 1
white, 13 @ 13 1/4; fancy amber, 11@12; No.
1 amber, 9(??10; fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark,
J ; white extracted, 6 (§' 7 ; amber 5 fS' 6 ; dark,
)@5%; beeswax, 28. The new crop Is ap-
pearing and selling in a fair way consider-
ng that it is midsummer.

K. A. Burnett & Co.,

Buffalo, July 14. — We do not advise ship-
sing until small fruits are out of the market.
The supply of new honey, as well as the
lemand, is light. We quote today: Fancy
lew, 14-15c; old honey, 6-12c; beeswax, 2S-
iOc. Batterson & Co.

Kansas City, Mo.. July 11. — There is but
ittle new honey arriving as yet, as compared
.vith last year. The supply is yet limited, but
;he demand is good and we think it will In-
crease. We quote our market as follows:
romb, .$2.50 to $2.75 per case; extrcated, 4 '/2 -
5c; beeswax, 2Sc,

C. C Clemmons & Co.

Boston, May 9. — There is no change to . r^, . ■ t-> t^

lote, In condition of honey market, from that mention i he American Bee-Keeper.
)f our letter of April 24.

Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

Four New Departments

I publish and recommend to vuu THFj
KUR.'IX BEE-KEEPER, the best all-
round fl.oo ;nontiilv bee Journal In
America. On trial three months for
this ad. with 2oc. Or send us 50c for a
three months' trial and your name and
address on a twc)-iine rubber stamp
(self-inking pad J.'ic extra.) Or

Send us $1.50 and get the
Rural Bee Keeper one year

and an untested Italian queen bee.
Sample copy free. Agents- get liberal
terrris.

We count that day lost which does
not show some Improvement in THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER. So soon as
we can find the right party to conduct
the departments, we will establish a
department for advanced bee-keepers
and a kindergarten for the new be-
ginners. AVe f. iso want to benefit oui-
readers in the West and want to es-
tablish a "Department , of the Middle
W^est" and a "Pacific Coast Depart-
ment.'' Our Fnrei!?n a-id South;rii De-
partments are very gratifying to us.

We solicit vour s\ibscrlptlon and
your moral support.

W. H. PUTNAM

RIVER FALLS, "WISCONSIIN

When writing to advertisers please

Chicago, Aug. IS. — The demand has ab-
sorbed all the offerings of fancy and A No.
1 grades of white comb honey at 14c, while
So. 1 has sold at ISfS'lSi^c. No call at
Dresent for other than the best grade. It
■eally being difficult to place what ordinari-
y is called No. 1. Extracted white, Gfa-Tc;
imber, light and dark. 5 'a' 6c; beeswax 28c
per Vb. R. A. Burnett & Co.

lo:) S. Water St.

Cincinnati, Aug. IS. — The heavy requests
,'or offers on honey recently have a tendency
:o lower the prices. We are striving hard
:o maintain good prices, by giving our friends
nore than their honey is worth, to hold up
;he market. So far. we have been suc-
cessful. Still offer extracted honey as fol-
ows: Amber, in barrels and cans, 5%c-6i2C,
respectively. W^hlte clover at 7-8 Vac. We
,:ee! that lower prices will prevail in the
lear future. Comb honey is coming in quite
freely. We quote fancy white comb honey
it 12-15c. The arrival of western carload
shipments of comb honey is anticipated
Jaily, after which the market will be shat-
:ered as to prices. Beeswax is wanted at

;6c.

The Fred W. Muth Co.
■ .51 Walnut St.

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular liter-

a r V f^imily

^■■~--~— ~-~"~~-~ 3IAGAZINE.

It entertains its readers with good,
short stories, sketches and poems by the
most famous authors of the day and is
a magazine of superior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to have our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new
readers we will send you

Sunshine for 1 Year for lOc.

Think of It, less than one cent a copy.
Can't you act as our agent?

ADD. MAYES PUB. CO., .

LOUISVILLE, - - - - KENTUCKY.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

W. J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUXGSVILLE, PA.,

breeder of choice Italian Bees and Queens
Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

DKWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHERERS.—

Reared under swarming impulse through-
out the year. Large, strong, healthy. Send
for card, 'Can I Control Swarming.' Original.
Untested, 75c., 6 for $5.00; tested, $1.50, 6
for $5.00. Choice, $2.50. High grade breeders.
$2.00 to $10. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barrington,
Mass.

QUEENS HERE. — We are still asking you
to give us your trade. We sell Italians,
Goldens and Carniolans at 7 5c for untested
and $1.00 for tested. Prices on quantities
and nuclei upon application. JOHN W.
PHARR, Berclair, Texas. Jan6

SW.4RTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
MOORE, PA. — Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
ail parts of the world.

W. W. CARY & SON, LYONSVILLE, MASS.

— Breeders of choice Italian bees and
queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalogue and price list free.

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN of

Italians become more and more popular
each year. Those who have tested them know
why. Descriptive circular free to all. Write
J. P. -MOORE, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES FOR SALE.—

I extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
THOS. WORTHINGTON, Leota, Miss. Aug5

PUNIC BEES. — All other races are discard-

eil. after trial of these wonderful bees.

Particulars post free. JOHN HEWITT & CO.,

Sbetfield, England. Jan6

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut S
Cincinnati, O. Standard Bred Red Clov
Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians
Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Sei
for circular.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O.— Breeds
of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from. Jamaica any day in the yes
Untested. 66c.; tested, $1.00; select teste
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the ve
finest strains. GEO. W. PHILLIPS, Sav-L
Mar P. O., Jamaica, W. I. 5

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, lu. — Breeder

Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our sto

speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all sto

guaranteed. Free information. Ja

LAWRENCE C. MILLER, Box 1113, Proi

dence, R. I. — Is filling orders for tlie po

ular. hardy, honey-getting Providence stra

of Queens. Write for free information.

I

C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, O. — (Cor, Ce

tral and Freeman Aves. ) — Golden Yello

Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred fro

select mothers in separate apiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn.— H

greatly enlarged and improved his queei
rearing facilities. . Two unrelated Carniolai
and a dark leather Italian lately importe
My own strains of three-band and golde)
"Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's golden
selects. Carniolans mated to Italian dron
when desired. No disease. Circular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has

exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bee
they wintered on their summer stands with
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie . Send f
free circular. Bellevue. Ohio. 5

HONfY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

t^~Dnder this heading- will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates. _^

OHIO.

H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
A\es., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected, delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

5-5

E are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and vour best price delivered
here The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cineinnti, O. 5-5

COLORADO.

THE COI.ORADO HOXEY PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATIOX, 1440 Market St., Denver,
Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO.,

Street, Chicago.

South Water
5-5

^ent-a=Word Column.

'ANTED. — To exchange Barnes Combined
Saw. almost as good as new, for best al-
falfa honey, comb or extracted. W. W.
McNeal, Wheelersburg. Ohio.

AGENTS WANTED. — To sell advertising
novelties, good commission allowed. Send
for catalogue and terms. American Manu-
facturing Concern, Falcoiier, N. Y.

OR SALE. — ^Bees for Cuba. 75 good colonies
in 10-frame Danz. hive (painted) with 4x5
section supers. 100 supers (in flat) and
25 hives made up, extra. Shipping to Cuba
about $25. A rare bargain for $400. Ad-
dress 215 DUVAL ST., Key West, Fla.

Sept5

HE BUSY MAN'S METHOD OF REARING
GOOD QUEENS. — This leaflet describes
the method used in rearing the Hardy
Honey Gatherers (read elsewhere), and if
carefully followed will produce queens of
great merit. No loss of brood, no cell-cups.
anil but litttle time required. Large queens
under swarming impulse. Nothing artiflcial
about it. Every queen-breeder needs It.
Price 25 cents. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barring-
ton, 3Ia8B.

FALIAN and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.—

The Bankston Baby Nucleus and the
Bankston nursery cage. Untested queens
50 cents each; tested. 75c. Baby nucleus,
nailed ready for use. 35 cents. Nursery
cage. 35 cents by mail with printed in-
structions. C. B. BANKSTON, Milano, Mi-
lam County, Texas. Sep5

NCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing working stocks. A simple, sure satis-
factory plan. 25c. Baby Nuclei tells how
to mate many queens from sections with a
mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20 pic-
tures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queens
and queen rearing outfits for sale. Golden
all-over and Caucasian Queens. Circulars
free. E. L. PRATT, Swartlimore, Pa.

BEWARE

where: you buy your

BEEWARE

J

J^L

WATCRTOWN.

WIS!

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES

Watertown, Wis.

Eastern Agents: Fred W. Muth Co., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, 51 Walnut Street; C. M. Scott
& Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 10(T4 E. Washing-
ton St., Norris & Anspach, Kenton, Ohio,
Cleaver & Greene. Troy, Penn.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R. Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our
graduates under bond. You don't pay
us until you have a position. Largest
system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed by all railway officials. Ope-
rators always in demand. Ladies also
admitted. Write for Catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY

Cincinnati. O., Buffalo. N. Y., Atlanta, Ga.

Texarkana. Tex.. San Francisco, Cal.
Nov. 5. LaCrosse, Wis.

Our Special Premium Offer.

We have been successful in closing a contract with the Selden Pen Mfg. Co.
of New York, whereby for a limited time we can supply a guaranteed

$ 2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THE CElTRIC model i"

and the American Bee- Keeper one year for only 90 cents, to every subscriber,
OLD or NEW. The pen will be forwarded immediately upon receipt of the
money. It is made of the best quality of hard rubber in four-parts, and fitted
with a guaranteed irridium pointed 14 -k GOLD PEN. The "fountain" is
throughout of the simplest construction and can not get out of order, overflow,
or fail to supply ink to the nib.

**A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with the inconvenient inkstand and

'THE CELTRIC MODEL t*

always ready for use.

bears the manufacturer's guarantee that
the pen is solid GOLD, 14 -k fine. If
does not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or re-
turn the fifty cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article
of superior quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience
of every one who writes. KEJIEMBEK that the offer is for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

Special Notice

I to Bee-keepers. ;

[BO STO n\

\ Money in Bees lor You

> Cata'og Price on ^

J Root's Supplies ^

y Catalog for the Asking <,

I F. H. FARMER, 182 FRIEND STREET, )

V„-«s„.^ -^_

BOSTON, MASS.

-Up First Flight^

mm

YOU CAN DO IT

/lGh^T^

Medallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
dallious. Quick sellers. Big money.
Write at once. Special territory
given. Largest Medallion Co. in the
World. Agents' supplies. Novelties
up-to-date. Write now.

Universal Manufacturing Co.,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Read This and Do It Quic

.^1 One
Year !S1.40.

Without

Glfanings

80 Cents.

Tin- Modern Farmer.
(5reen's Fruit Grower,
Agricultural Epitomist,
The Mayflower and
Ten Beautiful Flowering' Bulb
Gleanings in Bee Culture,
.\miTiean Bee-Keeper.

Without (ileiininss and American Bee-Keep
.")0r. (iood only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mi

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Every person who keeps pigeons, Belgia
hares, cavies, dogs, cats or a pet of ar
kind to send for a free sample of the

PET STOCK PAPER

.■\<l(lr.-ss Box 20.

York, Pi

Providence Queens

:ari-: Tin::

Kind That Please

A bee-master of international
fame, long sought for a strain of
bees which were profitable, gen-
tle and good to look upon.
Queens from many lands were
tried and various crosses made
until at last a promising start
was secured. Patiently and
with infinite pains and careful
selection this strain was devel-
oped. Years elapsed as the work
continued until finally success
rewarded his efforts. I have se-
cured the control of this stock
and offer it to bee-keepers under
the name of the "Providence
Strain."

Untested Queen-s $1.00

Tested Queens 1.50

LAWRENCE C MILLER

p. O. Box 1113, Providence, R. I.

Three Mo7iths for Only 20 Cents.
To a A eiv Su bscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1»61

It is the only weekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
"world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only 81.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. Yorh ® Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But Tou," words and mu-
sic; "Piking the Pike," "Just Because
I'm Prom Missouri," "Hiawatha,"
"Navajo," "Bedelia." "Josie," "Only a
Factory Girl," "Flirting at the Sea-
shore," "The Little Brown Man of Ja-
pan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other
popular songs, all in one book, and sent
postpaid for only 10 cents We will also
send a coupon good for 10 cents to
every one mentioning in what paper they
saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods^ so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG M4GAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us 10 cents in silver, tf-gether
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postofRce who are
interested in aiUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. W'e receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES

Dept. H. D.

PUBLISHING CO.

Grand Rapids, Mich.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

When writing to advertisers mention
The American Bee-Keeper.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
sou of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: " ""sted of either race, $1;
one unte J, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $(-.. 15 for .$8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.5u, 100 for $45.
P'or descriptive circulars address.

Chance

Of a Life Time

100

Wanted to raise
Belgians

Send for particulars and sample cop
j of the only

Belgian Hare Journa

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, M

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co.
Clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

Ber-

SELE«CT, TESTED BREEDING

QUEENS.

Alley'.s strain golden-banded queens
and lioes. I'ractically non-^warmiug
and non-.stlnging. Every queen war-
ranted to jiroduce golden queens and
bees. Catalog and eight-page leaflet
on <|ueen-rearing free to all. 1 <^ueen,
$1; (i queon.s. .'j;5..'!t0; 12 queens,. $10.
Only natiu-al methods used. Forty
years ex]ierience.

HENRY ALI.EY, Wcnliani, Maws.

To Subscribers of

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the V. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you mention
American Bee -Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on Farm,
Orchard and Garden, Poultry and Fash-
ion. It's the best paper printed for
the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

:jtf. .Mlentown, Pa.

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H
keeps a complete supply of our goods, an
Eastern customers will save freight by ordei
ing of him.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

GrENTS Wanted ' waThTng^

You can double yoiir money every time you sell one

they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
iheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.

The Iowa

Horticultural

Paper.

Monthly,
50 cents
per year.

It is unique,
planned on
original lines.

You. cannot
be up-to-date
ruit growing unless you read it.

alauce of this year free to new
jcribers.

THE FRUITMAN,

Mt. Vernon, Iowa.

PROFIT

By Studying Our

me Nursing Series

New Books for the Home.

e — • "The Expectant Mother,"

no., net 50

'Practical Care of the Baby,"

Extra Cloth §1.00

—"The Daughter," Extra Cloth... 1.00
isey — "Plain Talks on Avoided
jects," 1.00

A. DAVIS CO., Publishers

aiAIL ORDER UEPT.
16 Cherry St. - - Philadelphia, Pa.

ational Bee- Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the

rid.

Organized to protect and promote the

■*rests of its members.

Memberghip Fee, tl.OO a Year.

.E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurei

50 YEARS'
RiENCE

Trade MAnKS
. Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion froe whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agencv for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific American.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific iournal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, $1. Sold tyall newsdealers.

MUNN&Co.^^^^-^"-^- New York

Branch Office, 626 F St., Washington, D. C.

A Boon

For

MtrjKeep

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained In
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keepero' Acc't and Egg Record showdng
g^lns or losses evei* month for one year. Worth 25
ets, sent to you for Itc. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers wlthyour order; Address,
6. 8. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Clintonville. Conn.

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE. FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAX,. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published fn Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Homeseekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail you the
.Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
.Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRABR, TAMA CO., IOWA.

lO-tf.

SeasonablI

Glass Honey°Packages.

Anticipating a demand for honey jars and bot-
tles we have put in two carloads of stock before
the summer shut-down of the glass factories, so
that we are prepared to furnish the various jars
listed in our catalog. We -have also a few odds
and ends of stock, such as we formerly listed,
which we offer, to close out, as follows. We can-
not duplicate these when present stock is sold :

1-lb. tin-top tumblers, No. 789, 6 bbls. of 200
each, at $-1.50 per bbl.

1 l-2.1b. tin-top glass pails. No. 778, 2 bbls. of 100
each, at $5.00 per bbl.

I.arge lb. tin-top glass pail, No. 777, 1 bbl. of
150, $5.00.

Small lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 776. 1 bbl. of 200,
$5..50.

1-lb. Oaken Bucket, tin top, with wire bale, 1
bbl. of 150. for $5.00.

These prices are all a dollar a barrel less than

we used to sell these tumblers and pails at. We

have also a little loose stock which we will pack

and include at the same rate.

Special Price on Tin Cans.

We recently secured a special bargain in half-
gallon square cans. They are choice bright stock;
but as the pattern differed slightly from the regu-
lar one they are now making, they closed them
out at a special price. We have also an over-
stock of quart oblong square cans. While this
stock lasts we will make the following prices for
shipment from Medina only:

1-4-gal. oblong square cans with 1 1-2-inch
screw, $5.00 per 100; $45.00 per 1000.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1-inch screws. $6.00
per 100.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1 l-4.inch screws, $6.50
per 100.

1-2-Eal. square cans with 1 1-2 inch screws, $7.00
per 100.

In 500 lots, 50c per 100 less.

We have also a good stock of one- and five-gal-
lon cans at regular prices.

Second=Hand Five=Gallon Cans.

We have to offer a quantity of second-hand five-
gallon honey cans in good condition for use again,
especially for amber or low grades of honey. We

offer the best of them at $4.50 for 10 boxes
cans each; $10.00 for 25 boxes. We havi
which are not so bright, and yet are honej
that we will furnish at 10 cents a box less,
boxes in which the cans are shipped ai
second-hand, but will be put in good coi
when shipped.

Wide^Moutb Mason Fruit^Jarf

The carload price on Mason fruit jars is
dollar a gross highfer this year than last
carried over quite a large stock, which
sell at the same prices as heretofore— name

Pint doz. 52c. 6 doz $3.00 12 doz..

Quart. .doz. 55c. 6 doz 3.10 12 doz..

l-2.gal..doz. 75c. 6 doz.. 4.10 12 doz..

Triumph wrench, 15c each.

Ball's waxed rings, 5c per dozen. Th
far superior to rubber rings for fruit ja
cheaper.

In addition to the regular style of Mas
we have a stock of wide-mouth special ^
with 3.inch openings. These are especi
sirable for canning large fruit whole, or fc
ing chunk comb honey. These jars are o
quality, and cost $1.65 per gross more t
regular pattern. As we do not list them v
our present stock at an advance of 10c pei
$1.20 per gross, on any size. They have zi:
and rubber rings. We have no wax ring
right size to fit these jars. They are a 1
at this price.

Caucasian Queens.

We can spare a limited number of in
Caucasian queens, received direct from t!
breeders in Caucasus. Prices as follows:

Extra select Caucasian imported queens.
Select Caucasian imported queen,
Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian

queens, from Caucasian mothers mated

with Italian drones ....
Select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,

from Caucasian mothers mated with

Italian drones . .

Orders filled
about July 15.

in rotation. Delivery

COMPLETE CATALOG ON REQUEST,

THE A. L ROOT COMPA^

144 E. Erie St., Chicago

MEDINA, OHIO

BRANCHES:

10 Vine St., Philadelphia

44 Vesey St, New Yoi

Entered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla., as second-class matter.

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ^nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the /narket at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th*
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

THE BEST PRINTED PAPER

jt ^ IN FLORIDA J* >

Located in the Heart of the Cel-
ebrated Pineapple Belt and sur-
rounded by many of the finest
orange groveg on the Indian Riv-
er. Fort Pierce is the largest and
most important town In Brevard
county and

The FORT PIERCE NEWS

is the best paper In the county
and the best weekly in Florida.
It contains reliable information
about this section in every issue.
Only $1.00 a year. Write for
■ample copy. tL

The News, Fort Pierce, Fla.

THE NEBEASKA FARM JOURNA
A monthly journal devoted to agi
cultural interests. Largest circulatl(
of any agricultural paper in the we*
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, N
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
Uf Lincoln, Neb.

THE DIXIE HOME MAGa™

10c a year. Largest.Brightest and Finest lllustra
Magazine in the World for 10c a year, to int
duce it oniy.

It is bright and up-to-date. Te
all about Southern Home Life. It
full of line engravings of grand see
ery, buildings and famous peop
Send at once. 10c. a year postpa
anywhere in the U. S., Canada a:.
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a cli
Money back if not delighted. Stam
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper

Big Magazine

One year free
quickly int
duce it. Mf
prefer It to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' He
Journal or McClure's. Send 10 cents to h
pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept.
D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

A vest pocket Map of your Stat

New issue. These maps show a
the Counties, in seven colors, a
railroads, postoffices — and mai
towns not given in the post;
guide — rivers, lakes and moui
tains, with index and popul
tion of counties, cities and town
Census — it gives all official n
turns. We will send you pos
paid any state map you wish f(

25 cents (silver.)
JOHN W. HANN,
I Wauneta, Neb.

Bee H i ves
Sections

Big Discount for Early Orders.

Before November i, . . .9 per cent.
Before December i, . . .8 per cent.
Before January i 7 per cent.

Before February i,....6 per cent.

Before March i , 4 per cent.

Before April i 2 per cent.

ON CASH ORDERS.

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIAL AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W.T. Falconer IVIanfg. Co.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

YOU NEVER HEARD THE LIKE

Thousands ol Subscriptions to Leading American Publications
PRACTICALLY GIVEN

FREE

POULTRY SUCCESS, the leading poultry magazine now published, 48 to 112 pages per issue;
best writers: bcautiluUy illustrated and handsomely printed; a monthly compendium ol best experience
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Ahead of Shook=Swarniinj

The March Review is now in process of
preparation, and will be out abovit the mid-
dle of the month. One article in this issue
win be by H. G. Sibbald of Canada, and he
will describe a new system of manag^ement
that promises to be away ahead of shook-
swarmlng. It has these advantages: No
shaking of the bees; no handling of the
brood; no possibility of the queen being in
the wrong hive; no danger of after-swarm-
ing; no increase unless desired (but easy to
secure If wanted); no queen cells to hunt up
and destroy; yet the whole force of bees may
be kept together the whole season, and each
colony ma> be requi-ened with a queen from
a naturally built ceU.

This is only a single article In one issue
tlie Review, but it is a fair sample of wh
you are losing if you don't read the Revic
and of what you will gain if you read
Send $1 for the Review for 1905; or if 7'
prefer, you can send ten cents, and wh'
the March issue is out it will be sent„
you. and the ten cents may apply on £tl
subscription sent in during the year.

W. Z. Hutchinson,

Flint, Mict

Vol. XV

OCTOBER, 1905.

No. 10

mot Bll tbe Uime.

^[\ OU can't be happy all the time,
,|j^ Some gloom must blight your

days,
Unhappiness assails you in

A hundred different ways,
The glory of the sunshine fades

When clouds come in between,
And dreary winter steals from earth

Her cheery garb of green.

You can't be happy all the time,

But you can always strive
To keep the tiny, glowing spark

Of joyfulness alive —
The sun retains its brilliancy

Behind the screening cloud;
The blade of grass abides its time

To spring up, green and round.

You can't be happy all the time —

Some wretchedness and woe
Will bring you grief and weariness

As through this life you go —
But struggle on and do your best;

The luck will surely turn;
Then let the flame of hope and joy

In all its splendor burn.

— Grand Rapids Herald.

ipb THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Octobef);

THE HONEY PRODUCERS' LEAGUE.

Something of the Peculiarities Chatacteristic of That Unique

Organization. ler-

By N. B. K. A. MEMBER.

THE HONEY Producers' League and "I believe the time has come f(

has made quite a stir among bee- this association to spend perhaps tl

keepers and its sponsors are diligent- greater amount of money it has 1

ly tr3^ing to increase its popularity spend in trying to inform the publ

and size. Perhaps they will be prop- as to the matter of honey, its qu^iii

erly grateful for more publicity, and and all that sort of thing. The thmi

in an endeavor to supply this we sub- you want people to know."

join a little history of the movement, Mr. E. R. Root said: "I would sui

and some other things. gest that the Board of Directors 1

For some years there has been more "^'^i to set aside a certam fun

or less talk and effort among mem- ^hich can be used to pay some cot

bers of the National Bee-Keepers' As- Petent person not. only to get retra

sociation to have that body take some tions, but to write interesting and on

action to increase the consumption of mal articles for magazines wnich c

honey and obtain and enforce [^ctly and indirectly tell how con

laws against the sale of adul- honey is produced and which w

terated honeys. In pursuance ^how conclusively that there .s i

of these objects the matter was brought such thing as the manufactured a

before the meeting of the association tide so much hawked about in t.

in St. Louis in 1904. At that time papers.

Mr. York said: "In my humble opin- "I" this association we have a nut

ion the N. B. K. A. can undertake ber of men who are penectly comp

and continue an advertising campaign tent to do this work under the dire

to increase the general demand for tion of the Board of Directors,

honey better than any other organiza- is not enough that the articles be wr

tion, firm or individual. *****" ten, but that a representative frc

"I have believed for many years that the association itself be sent direct

the reason why the price of honey is offending publisher or editor, and e

so low is because of the unequal dis- plam to him the facts * * * * The (

tribution and under-consumption." ficers of this association are now sc

"I believe the only way to nail that tered all over the United States; ai

lie (manufactured comb honey) is for the board of directors could, at

our N. B. K. A. to advertise— give the very small expense, send one su.

public the facts about honey for officer to the paper publishing su(

awhile " ^i^' '^"*^' i^ possible, secure a retra

"Further, I would have our Nation- tion and correction."

al Association urge bee-keepers ev- Mr. Abbott moved for a "press coi

erywhere to endeavor to get their lo- mittee" of fifteen to look after t

cal newspapers to publish informa- publication in the public press ff ma

tion." ter pertaining to honey. Mr. Dada "*!

"The association could prepare said he believed it "advisable to ha '';*'

such matter, etc." the editors of all the bee journals ""^

"It is possible that a final and sat- the United States on that comm *

isfactory solution of the advertising tee." !}"

of honey by the National Association Mr. Root said: "I would like '"

may include an association brand." make a suggestion and that is, that t

"In conclusion, I want to urge a editors of the bee journals be left o

thorough discussion of the advertising of that committee. There is no dou

of honey. It is worthy the best brain but what the editors will do thify

in our ranks." part; they are very much interest

Dr. Miller said the association needs in this question; but include oth

a larger membership to do the work men. What we want is to give the

licl

JOS. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 197

Ihings a good hammering from difftjr- company or association to one share

I nt sources." for the company or association, and an

After a short debate the association additional share for every twenty-five

t;irted this work bj- voting to have members thereafter. Place the par

1' directors prepare ^ circular on value at $ioo per share, and the yot-

oney and furnish copies free to mem- ing will be done by these associations

ers of the association for distribution or companies governed by a vote to

y them. each share. In this way we can al-

! There arose a question as to the ways keep the management within

esirability of incorporating- the as- our own control. No one person, or

ociation that it might have a legal for that matter a few, can buy up the

landing in its efforts to fight slander- controlling interest in the associa-

us stories relating to honey produ:- tion. *****

on, and Messrs. Abbott, Hersh'sher, "Another thing, this convention in
'ranee, Benton, and AFiUer were made Denver two years ago appointed a
committee on this subject. Later, committee, and I was one member of
ley reported as follows it, to draw up plans by which an as-
Mr. ♦Abbott. "Mr. Chairman, the sociation of this kind might be formed,
jmmittee on incorporation has look- It is a fact that that committee did go
1 the matter over carefully and they out and report at our last convention
in simply ask for more time and they in Los Angeles and the committee was
;sire that the committee be continued appointed again, of which I was made
iitil the next annual meeting, when chairman, and I say it is proper at
ley will be prepared to present a this time and in this place for this
lorough report. This matter is of thing to be brought up. It is not nec-
tal importance and should not be essary for this association to be cqn-
3ne hastily." verted into this; it is not the in-
"On motion of Mr. York, seconded tention that it should be so; but this
{ Mr. Hyde, the special committee is the place for us to take up this mat-
1 incorporation was made a per- ter and protect ourselves against this
anent committee to report at the gigantic honey concern, this combina-
;xt annual meeting." _ tion that is combining and is crushing
Following this Mr. Brown, of Cali- the life out of the honey market. Now
irnia, addressed the meeting on "The I know whereof I speak when I speak
ollective Disposal of our Product," about this formation and I can put
which he advocated the formation my finger on them, I can tell you ex-
: a stock company, owned and con- actly who these people are. It is not
oiled by honey producers, to buy well for me to give it out to the pub-
id sell honey and handle it on com- He and have it go into the press as to
ission. Among other things he said: who these people are but they do ex-
jive them (the directors) power to ist; they do control afifairs; they do
3en a central office, in which their control our honey market today and
anager will receive from local or- the thing for us to do is to organize
mizations, crop reports, samples of and meet these things with organiza-
Dney, amounts ready for shipment, tion, and I say it is properly in place
id correspondence of every nature before this convention. This matter
at will be directed to a business of comes up today right in perfect line
lis sort. Then let the smaller, or with our work. Let us lend a helping
cal organizations, with which the hand to this new organization, and let
)untry is already well covered, use it not interfere in any way with this
lis general, or National Honey Pro- association."

acers' Association for their market. On motion the president appointed

his will make a gigantic brokerage a temporary committee of five to

•^steni within our own ranks, one in name the first five directors for the

hich one and all can trust. Then it formation of a national organization

ill come to pass that we will be for the disposal of honey. Before this

e market, we will be the head and committee was appointed Mr. France

Dt the tail. We will be able to addressed the meeting and said in

lote a living price for our product, part; "This association can help to

id realize as much. ***** Xhe check largely this cry about the adul-

ganization should be a stock com- teration of honey, either extracted or

iny, place the capital stock at $50,- manufactured as it was claimed in

0, and sell only to organized compa- comb, but I can't do it alone. * * *

es and associations. Limit each such You have stood by the association in

1 98

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEiPER.

October

her days of need and in a financial
way. It looks now as if ft were on
a basis of permanency. ***** I
don't believe this association wants a
big amount of money lying idle, but
I do want to see this association have
a treasury we can fall back upon to
spread educational literature abroad."
The president appointed the follow-
ing persons temporary committee: F.
E Brown, California; H. S. Ferry,
New York; E. E. Pressler, Pennsyl-
vania; J. Q. Smith, Illinois, and E. S.
Lovesy, Utah.

When this committee assembled one
member said: "Gentlemen, I think
we should select men of good financial
standing and influence in the National
to act as the first five directors, and I
would suggest Messrs. E. R. Root, G.
W York, W. Z. Hutchinson, Dr. C.
C. Miller and N. E. France." Mr.
Pressler at once objected and said:
"There is really only one man in your
list who is a practical honey-producer.
While I have no personal objections
to the names mentioned, yet I would
vote but for that one." Mr. H. S. Ferry
seeing "the handwriting on the wall,"
says: "This is a very important step
the National has undertaken and I
am in favor of going to dinner and take
the matter up with a full stomach,"
which met the approval of all.

On re-assembling, the following
honey producers were chosen to serve
as the first five (5) directors of the
National Honey Producers' Associa-
tion of America: F. E. Brown, Cal-
ifornia, chairman; N. E. France, Wis-
consin; J. W. Harris, Col. W. L. Cogg-
shall and H. S. Ferry, New York,
which the committee so reported to
the session. When the report was call-
ed for by the president and read by
Mr. E. E. Pressler, there was a sud-
den commotion and whispering among
the persons whose names were first
suggested but the report was unani-
mously adopted by a vote of the N. B.
K. A. and the committee discharged.

This Board of Directors organized
and started the preliminary steps for
the formation and incorporation of the
Honey Producers' Exchange of Amer-
ica, and before the final adjournment
of the National Association thirty men
had subscribed for stock.

This list and some other papers
were turned over to one of the direct-
ors that he might secure further sub-
scribers, his work taking him among
the bee-keepers.

»g'

Later, some other directors sent fo
these papers. But repeated request
for their return failed to bring then
until about the last of March the;
were returned, but in the meantim
the League was formed with one 0
these directors as an officer. Partic
ulars of this will be found farther on
From the foregoing it will be see:
that the leading members of the as
sociation advocated and urged th
body to adopt a campaign of advei
tising and education, a policy at one
progressive and aggressive; that th
association adopted such a policy
that it created the necessary commil
tees to put this policy into execution
and in order that everything shoul
be done thoroughly and carefully :
left the matter of incorporation to
committee to be reported on after .
year's consideration, and made th
other committees permanent.

Furthermore, as a part of this pre
gressive policy, the association pre
ceeded in another manner to protec
the honey producers by starting th
formation of a co-operative compari
to handle the products of the sai
producers and to supply them wit
such merchandise as they need i
their business. They called this con
pany the "National Honey Producer
Association of America." Thus fa
everything seems direct and is a ma
ter of record, though unknown to fe
outside the membership, the pre;
committee not yet having produce
visible results.

The meeting where all these a;
tions were taken was held in St. Loui
September 27, to 30, 1904-

The next bit of history is embodie
in the following: In Chicago on Marc
14 and 15, 1905, there was formed a
organization known as The Hone
Producers' League. Note the nam
Heretofore, until the action at S
Louis, everything has been designate
as a "bee-keepers' " this or that. Tri
secret and precipitate m;iiiner of i
formation, and the reasons given then
for are all matters of public knowledge
but it may be well, by way of eir
phasis to refer here to a few of th
statements given in the League's pro
pectus and constitution and quel
some parts thereof. The prospectu
opens with: "A crisis has been reache
in bee-keeping. The time is now her
when bee-keepers must band togetV
er, as never before, fight an insidiou
foe, and cope with the conditions c
modern times," which implies that thi

|t(

Tb

lilt

if

i

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

199

s an original idea. Further on, we
lave: "Three or four o.i: us began
ecently to discuss this question, pri-
ately, by mail, and we decided to act
romptly, to the extent of summoning
some by telephone and telegraph) Lo

conference in Chicago, some eight
')r fen representative manufacturers,
lealers, publishers and honey produc-
es." Only three honey producers in
111 bunch of eight or ten men.

The constitution of the League says:
It- objects shall be to create a larger
kmand for honey by popularizing its
ISC among the consuming public
h rough advertising in newspapers and
nagazines its great value as a food,
ml by such other methods as may
■e considered advisable oy the exec-
itive board. Also by publicati' n of
acts concerning the I'voduction of
loney to counteract any misrepre-
entation of the same," which is exact-
^ what the National Association had
ndertaken. Next we find: "Any
oney dealer, bee-supply dealer, bee-
upply manufacturer, bee-paper pub-
sher, or any other ?i'ni or individual,
lay become a member on the annual
ayment of a fee of $10.00, increased
y one-fifth of one (i) per cent of his
r its capital used in the allied inter-
sts of bee-keeping."
1 And yet it is called a Honey Fro-
ucers' League!

This League is governed by an "Ex-
cutive Board" in which unlimited
ower is vested. It consists of seven
lembers. It elects from its members
ve officers. These officers are ac-
ountable only to the board, i. e., to
hemselves. Ballots for the election
f the board are to be sent out be-
ween the ist and 5th of March each
ear and returned before noon April
t. Again we quote: "The duties
f the manager shall be to conduct
le actual business of the League as
irected by the executive board; to
eep a list of the membership; to
ccount for all moneys received, and
irn same over to the treasurer, tak-
ig his receipt therefor; to prepare
id mail in March of each year, to the
lembership an annual report con-
lining a financial statement, and such
ther matters as would be of inter-
>t to all concerned, including all bal-
•ts and amendments. * * " Take
ote that the manager is to send out

"financial statement." No provision

made for its being complete or ex-
austive. He is to report "such other
patters as would be of interest, etc"

How full is this to be? He is to pre-
pare and mail this in March. As the
polls close April ist, and as no spe-
cial provision to the contrary is made
the fiscal year must close then or prac-
tically March 31st, the last day on
which the manager can mail his re-
port, and the only time on which he
can render a report for the full bus-
iness year. This means that the mem-
bership can not receive it in time to
affect their ballots.

Much stress is laid on the clause
that no salary shall be paid any of-
ficer of the league. How long since
has humanity reached that Utopian
stage where capable men will give
of their time for the commercial bene-
fit of their fellows, without compensa-
tion therefor?

This League is to operate by ad-
vertising and "by publication of facts
concerning the production of honey."
This, under the constitution, can be
paid for; the board may pay whom
they please what they please for this
service, and we see where they may
compensate themselves if they choose.
But the most astounding thing about
this remarkable constitution is this
clause: "This Constitution may Lc
amended by a two-thirdb vote of the
membership at any regular election,
provided such proposed amendment be
first submitted to the executive board
and approved by it."

This board created iLtclf, may con-
trol the election of its successors, is
accountable only to itself, formulated
the laws for its owti gO\r»rnnient, asks
the money and support of the public
and then substantially says: "You can
not say how j'cnr money shall be
spent, nor chmge these lav/s without
it suits our pleasure."

In explanation of the formation of
this League they say in part: "Natural-
ly, the first question asked will be-
'Why form a new organization, when
the constitution of the National al-
lows the use of its funds for such
work?' Principally, because the Na-
tional has not enough money at its
command to do the work effectively,
and it could not raise enough without
a change in its constitution, as, at pres-
ent, only one extra assessment of $1.00
per member can be made each year,
while the work of advertising, to be
effective, requires thousands of dol-
lars at once." Not a word said about
the National Association having en-
tered upon the work.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

According to the report of the
treasurer of the National Association
there was in its treasury then some
$1,115 and it has two thousand mem-
bers from whom it could raise $2,000
at once.

How many thousands has this League
raised and spent on advertising? What
has it done that National's committees
would not have done if this new con-
cern had not butted in? Who ever
heard of a campaign of education of a
nation being accomplished in a few
months with a few thousand dollars,
and yet thatjs what they implied they
were to do, for they said: "A large
share of last year's honey crop is still
unsold, while the market is practical-
ly dead, as is easily shown by refer-
ence to the market reports. The crop
of the coming season will soon be here,
and, should it prove a bountiful one,
with last year's crop still unsold,
where will prices go then?" And a
little farther on they say: "Before
adjourning it was resolved to do no
general advertising until there is at
least $5,000 in the hands of the treas-
urer." Decidedly inconsistent. We
must look elsewhere than in their ex-
planations for the cause of their pre-
cipitate action. Here is a list of the
members of the executive board: Dr.
C. C. Miller, W. Z. Hutchinson, Ar-
thur L. Boyden, George W. York, C.
P. Dadant, N. E. France and George
C. Lewis, and the officers elected by
this board are; President, Dr C. C.
Miller; vice-president, George C.
Lewis; secretary, W. Z. Hutchinson;
treasurer, Arthur L. Boyden; manager,
George W. York. Compare these
names with those of the speakers
quoted at the beginning of this ar-
ticle and with the officers and commit-
tees of the National

Now these gentlemen had a perfect
legal right to form any sort of a com-
pany they chose, name it about as
they pleased, and invite the support
of the masses. But several of them
had no moral right to do as they
have done after what they said and did
at the meeting of the National Asso-
ciation, and particularly after that as-
sociation— of which some of them are
its officers and servants — had taken
formal and proper steps to do the very
thing the League claims it is to do.
Having asked the support of the pub-
lic they will be scrutinized by the
public. Being members and officers
of the National Association, whose
trust they appear to have betrayed,

other members of that association an
going to hold them accountable an(
they will be called upon to answe
some very pertinent questions.

Some of these men ar^directly in
terested in the supply trade; and it i
vital to their interests to have a con
trolling hand in the literature of_th<
business. Others are dealers and job
bers in honey, and naturally they, toe
look askance at the plain producer'
presuming to control their own aflfairs
Some are interested in advertisini
agencies, and have an eye for bus
iness. Some are publishers and find i
essential to their best interests to b
able to "be on the inside." Some ar
inspectors of apiaries in which posi
tion they wield a powerful infiuencf
In all essential things each support
the other. So long and so noticeabl;
has this condition existed that bee
keepers refer to the group as "th
ring."

It is perfectly proper for thes
friends to assist each other in any le|
gitimate and open way, but to do s p
at the expense of the honey producer .
is something about which the latte
are going to have something to say.

They claim to be acting for the goo
of the bee-keepers at large, but woul
it not be more seemly to wait unt
these bee-keepers asked them to act
Yes, the Association asked and direc
ed some of them to act and define
what they were to do and now merr
bers of that Association want tol kno^
why they took it upon themselves t
try to forestall the Association plar
They also want to know why thislii
tie group of men consider their unite
opinion in Chicago superior to thei
opinion and that of the bee-keeper
assembled at the St. Louis meetinj
There are a lot of other things meir
bers of the Association want to'' kno>
and they are going to come pretty nea
finding out.

The time has arrived when the hone,
producers are going to manage thei
own affairs and they are going to sa;
to all others, "Keep of? and keep otji
When we want your goods we wil
buy and pay for them, and when yo
want ours we will sell them to yov
but we will have no entangling alji
ances."

Bees hate the electric wires, an(
there are well authenticated cases o
a swarm of bees altering their fligh
to avoid adjacency to the lines. — Lon
don Globe.

ley
103

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

201

BEE CULTURE IN JAPAN. second is "The Honey Bee," Tokio.
First edition in 1896 and third edition

By Burton N. Gates. j" '??^: ^*. '' ^ ^''F'''^ ^°""'^' ^^^^^^rated

booklet of seventy-four pages, selling

APAN, of late, has shown marked at twenty sen or ten cents. (This is

interest in bee-keeping. The in- quite a contrast to the price of Anieri-

ustry as practiced formerly by the can or English bee-literature.)

atives was not particularly profita- From a brief abstract of the work,

Te; but now measures are being tak- the author appears well versed in

n to make bee-keeping both pleasur- Western methods. While he claims

ble and profitable. The progress of not to translate the work of Western

he West is being investigated and authors, he has evidently followed

atterned after. closely their thought. The illustrations

In Japan, the center of this advance- are also Western devices, such as ex-
tent has been Tokio, where a school tractors, honey knives, hives and so
nd association for the promotion of on. In his chapter on diseases, while
ee-culture, have been established. In he does not mention any Western au-

le school girls
aiefly are instruc-
d, the purpose
sing to give to
le women a light
aft which they
in apply while the
len are busy with
le more laborious
ork of farming,
s an industry in
self, bee-keeping
not especially ad-
sed.

The association
lentioned (proba-
y a part of the
hool) has been
Ding great work
I promoting the
•t of bee-keeping.

translation of an
dvertisement
ads : " This as-
)ciation is trying

enlist members
the study of
)icultural meth-
Is as a side-bus-
less for farmers and women
)urse is to be completed in three flowers
lonths. Membership, i yen and 20 round.

K. AWAYAGAI. Tokio. Japan.

The able in Japan

thor, the writer
shows his familiar-
ity with recent bac-
teriological and
medicinal investi-
gations.

In his preface he
says that the book
is the result of his
personal e x p e r i -
ence of many years
" based on the in-
vestigations of oth-
ers and supple-
mented by the the-
ories of Western
authorities." The
work does not at-
tempt to be ex-
haustive or techni-
cal, but to meet
especially the
needs of farmers.

In his introduc-
tion, the writer
further says, in
substance, that
" bee-keeping i s
particularly profit-
because of the many

which bloom all the year
Anywhere ten to twenty

n (or 60 cents.) Members can study hives may be supported; while in

home; printed lectures by K. the mountains, as many as a hun-

wayagai, assisted by others of prac- dred are of profit. The honey may be

cal experience will be sent out. Mem- used instead of sugar (all of w^hich has

rs can secure queens at half price, to be imported at considerable ex-

Jueens kept by the association have pense.) There need be no anxiety of

.en selected and tested for years, an overproduction of honey in Japan,

hey are of good habit and easy to The market shows considerable de-

.anage.) Members can also dispose mand for honey at an excellent price.

: their bees, wax and honey through (What this is, we have no statement).

le association." The avenues of use will increase, not

We have learned of two works pub- decrease."

shed by this association and written In brief the table of contents is:

r K. Awayagai. One is entitled i. Introduction,

ivening Talks on Bee-culture." The 2. Nature of the Honey-bee (char-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October

acteristics and natural history).

3. Growth and development of the
larvae.

4. The cells: kinds, etc.

5. The swarm.

6. The Bee-yard

7. The hive.

8. Management.

9. (a) Taking the honey,
(b). Rendering the wax.

10. Uniting swarms.

11. Queen breeding.

12. Methods of transportation by
water and rail.

13. Diseases and enemies.

14. Bees do no harm to plants.

While this Eastern work shows no-
thing strikingly new, it does indicate
that Japan is alert and attempting to
keep abreast with the West. If she
keeps on in this direction, we may well

leave it there; but they do not. Thej
carry it into the upper story as sooi
as the queen needs more room below
This is easily ascertained by fiUinj
the hive with buckwheat honey in ear-
ly spring and watch results. When thf
clover honey comes there will b(
found buckwheat honey in the sec
tions — sometimes full sections of it
This is particularly true where bar
sections are used. That Mr. Boardmar
and Gleanings (which, by the way
dishes up a lot of trash) deny it, doe;
not make it so. It makes me thinl
of a relative of my wife's. He was i
Seventh Day Adventist and those peo
pie at that time considered pork-eatinj
and beer drinking a sin. This man'i
main crops were pork and barley
When asked why he raised those tw(
crops when it was sinful to eat porl

SOME JAPANESE BEE APPLIANCES.

expe-ct to soon hear of important
apiaries in the East; we may expect
to look there for advanced ideas.
Worcester, Mass., Sept. 2, 1905.

THEORY VS. PRACTICE.

By Dr. W. R. Claussen.

pDITOR Bee-Keeper: It was with
■^^ gratification I read Mr. A. C. Mil-
ler's article on sugar feeding in the
September issue of American Bee-
Keeper. One great trouble with a
good deal of our literature is that the
editors try to be scientific and pay too
little attention to the practical work-
ings of the hive.

The packing of the brood nest with
sugar syrup looks, from a theoretical
standpoint, correct enough and would
be all right provided the bees would

and drink beer, he answered: "Mos
of the pork raised is converted int(
wagon grease and other lubricant:
and the probability is mine will nev
e/ be used for food." The barley tha
was left over from fattening the hog;
was shipped to Milwaukee, but it wa;
probably not used to make "the bee:
that made Milwaukee famous." S(
with Gleanings. The supposition i:
that what syrup is put into the brooc
chamber will be used for food for thf
young and only the real article storec
for human use.

Last spring I was in one apiary
where sugar syrup is left in troughs
all through the spring (thanks tc
Gleanings' teaching.) I protested with
the man; the answer I got was that
it did not incite robbing and that they
would not touch it when honey came
in. Both statements are true; but that

905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

203

loes not prevent a lot of the stuff
oing into the honey that is sold. A
vspeptic who had bought honey at
lat place asked me why that honey
istressed him, while he could eat
line without trouble. Gleanings tells
s the sugar thus taken by the bees is
iverted; that may be true too. I do
ot just know what that means; but
le fact remains it is cane sugar just
le same and, if sold for honey, is a
aud. The only safe course to pur-
ue is to let sugar alone entirely.
Mr. J. E. Johnson gives our founda-
on makers a rather hard rub. I do
ot agree with him. I believe the
Dundation we get is pure. If it is
dulterated, it is done, I believe,
irough the wax being adulterated oy
le apiarist. It would be impossible for
le manufacturers to test all wax sent
lem, and, unless the adulterant is ad-
ed in very large amount it will pas^
nnoticed. A few years ago a friend
f mine sent some wax to a manufac-
irer and a neighbor wanted to send
Dme with him to save freight. Word
ime back that the wax marked so and
3, contained tallow. My friend v.-ent
) the neighbor and he frankly admit-
:d that one-fourth was beef tallow;
ut he did not suppose they would
i^er know. Mr. Johnson thinks that
is white foundation, that will not get
oit in the warmest weather, contains
oretty large amount of paraffine. It
light perhaps be done as some
araffine has a fusing point of 113
egrees and stearin of 1519 degrees; but
'hite or bleached wax is harder and
lore friable and has more resistance
) heat than yellow wax, which melts
t about 140 degrees, wnile the bleach-
d wax melts at about 150 degrees,
hat is probably the reason why the
ees do not accept it as readily as the
ellow wax, which is much more pli-
ble. I did not see the statement that
rof. Wiley gave to the Rural New
orker in regard to paraffine being
lade use of in making comb base,
erhaps he did. If I had seen it, it
ould have had very little weight with
:ie, knowing where it came from. Is
however, not a fact, as Mr. Horn
tates in his article, "Politics in the
ipiary" that lots of our so-called sci-
ntific appointees get their appoint-
ments to pay off some political debt
nd are appointed without regard to
leir fitness or qualifications for the
ffice? Of course, they are supposed
3 do something for the public, who
Dots the bills, so they ascertain a lit-

tle, presume a good deal and jump
at conclusions. The resulting theory
is given as a fact to the public; but
it remains for the practical man, by
his work, to prove or disprove this
theory. If it is correct, the scientist
grows big in the eyes of the world as
well as in his own estimation. If it
is wrong he remains right in his own
eyes as well in the eyes of a good
many others till the thing is forgot-
ten. This holds good in apiarian, ag-
ricultural, medical and all other pur-
suits. We have too great a tendency
to accept theories and ignore the prac-
tical workings of the every-day toiler,
whose daily observations are worth
a great deal more than the theory of
a "professor," who never does any
practical work, but to draw his salary.

Our state has been singularly for-
tunate in the appointment of its foul
brood inspector, who is a very careful
and conscientious man; but I ag''i:e
with Mr. Horn if the foul brood law
in California works the way he says,
the inspector is to be feared more than
the disease.

Waupaca, Wis., Sept. 9, 1905.

THE FOLLY OF TINKERING

WITH BEES FURTHER

CONSIDERED.

By T. K. Massie.

r) N PAGE 138 of The American
^"^ Bee-Keeper for July Mr. McNeal
says several things that need to be
further considered. I endorse all he
says on the folly of tinkering with
the bees until he conies down to his
plan of procedure. I would use a brood
chamber of larger capacity than the
ten-frame Langstroth hive.

Large hives are certainly preferable.
I would use a double wall, divisible
brood chamber hive, capacity equal to
about 13 L. frames. Now I would like
to ask Mr. McNeal why go to the ex-
tra expense of providing a super of
six-inch combs and "fussing and tink-
ering" with them (the very thing he
tells us not to do) and that enamel
cloth? He tells us not to "tinker with
the bees," yet he goes to "tinkering"
with them in his manipulations of that
extra super. Why that honey board
which is fussed and tinkered with?
Combs in which brood has been reared,
like his 6-inch combs, are rather ob-
jectionable as extracting combs. I
want none of the coccoons (the "swad-
dling clothes") of the young bees

204

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

Octobel"

about my honey, either comb or ex-
tracted.

I see that Mr. McNeal describes
the hive "he uses" in The American
Bee-Keeper, which is patterned al-
most exactly after my hive. He uses
the principles in construction of my
hive in his. For the last three years
I have been mailing him my cata-
logue, describing my hive and it seems
strange that he has not caught the idea
that a whole lot of the fussing and
tinkering with the bees are practices
that can be left off to the advantage of
both himself and his bees. Work them
■on the "let alone" principle. I repeat
his advice, "don't tinker."

I will describe my plan and if any
of my readers will tell me where and
how I can leave off any of the work I
will thank him for it.

I use a divisible brood chamber hive,
cubical in form, with a capacity equiva-
lent to 13 Langstroth frames. Not
later than September 20th I see that
each colony is provided with a vigor-
ous and prolific queen and fully 40
pounds of sealed stores, the fullest
frames being placed in center of the
uoper story, the frames containing
brood in the center of the lower story.
I put the super cover, a thin board,
over the brood chamber for the bees
to seal down; on it place a cushion of
dry leaves and over all put a telescope
cover. In this condition I leave them
alone till about April 15 of the follow-
ing year — nearly 7 months. I then
go over each hive to see that each still
has a queen and plenty of stores to
run them till the honey flow comes
on. When the honey flow is on and
the hive getting full of bees I put on
my supers, the super cover being
placed a bee-space above the sections.
I use no enameled sheet or honey
board; and I put on supers before the
bees become crowded for room. Su-
pers are added as more room is need-
ed. If a colony swarms I hive the
swarm on the old location, in a sin-
gle brood chamber with two frames
of combs and the rest of good sized
starters; remove all surplus receptacles
from the old colony and put them on
the swarm. By this plan I scarcely
ever have any trouble by the queens
going up into my supers. When the
honey is ready to come off I take it
off by using a Porter escape, and,
when the honey flow is over, double
two swarms together which gi/es p'c
a good colony for winter. Now how
can I shorten my labors, either in

plan of work or change in hives an
appliances? "Don't tinker."

Mr. Geo. B. Howe, page 155 a
tempts to make a point against tl:
cubical form of hive by telling us <
bee trees with combs four or moi
feet long (I have seen them ov«
eight feet long.) Now let Mr. How
turn these long combs down in
horizontal position and see "where 1:
is at." He will then have a "long ideS'
hive and plenty of unoccupied comb
Heated air rises and the long com!
in the bee trees, standing in a pe
pendicular position, proves a point i
favor of the cubical form of hiv«
rather than against them.

Tophet, W. Va., Aug. 25, 1905.

A VENERABLE STUDENT.

By Thomas B. Darlington.

pDITORS AMERICAN BEI
•*-• KEEPER: I've been trying th
summer to learn something more abet
bees than I had known practical!
heretofore. First, that of bees movin
their eggs from one place to anothe
in the hive. I had a weak swarm th:
was queenless long enough to mal<
it sure there were no eggs in the hiv
I then gave them a piece of comb wit
eggs in the lower edge of outsic
frame. When in long enough to ha\
cells capped I found on the uppt
edge a queen cell built and attached t
comb of next frame, so that in raisin
the frames I destroyed the cell; s
I had that trial to go over again,
replaced the piece of comb with ar
other having eggs in, and in due tim
they built a queen cell, but this tim
on the third frame and on its uppe
edge, which produced a fine queei
Now I am satisfied that bees can an
do move their eggs when they choos
to do so.

There is another point about bee
that I am not so clear about, and tha
is about the queen mating. I had
hive of very yellow Italians, the moth
er of which was exceedingly yellow
and was introduced in August 1903. I:
due time the hive was filled witb thes
bright bees, all others having disap
peared. The summer of 1904 beinj
poor, they did not swarm, but in th
fall they were considerably darkei
This summer they swarmed on Ma;
3rd, and the new swarm swarme*
again on the 6th of June. The bees o
the old hive keep getting darker. Th

905-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

205

irones are as yellow as at first, and good "Corneil" was kept a-puffing. By-
plenty of them. There are dark bees moving with open entrances there is

iree-quarters of a mile ofif, none near

Now, I would like to know if a queen

;; reduces a hive of nice yellow work-

rs and drones, why don't she always

0 it? It looks to me that she follows
lie ordinary order of nature that for
irery new crop there is a new mating
tid that after laying drone eggs she

done laying until mated again. It
ikes drone's eggs longer to mature
lan workers, therefore laid last.
)ueens with clipped wings can not
y, and who knows but they may mate

1 the hive? So far as my observation
oes bees never swarm naturally un-
I they have drones enough to go with
lem.

We have had two very severe win-
;rs on bees; the last two I lost of
line but three colonies and as good
ick would have it, they were three I
ad Italianized in August of 1903, the
ther 31 colonies perished from cold,
ad plenty of stores, were unable to
et to it on account of the intense
Did.

I have had the care of bees since
bout twelve years old wthout a break.

was 90 the loth of this month, but
lis came the nearest to being entire-
r wiped out. I might have saved
lem by moving the side combs to

no loss in vitality to the bees, and
they are at work as hard as ever, soon
after setting ofif the wagons. A wa-
p-on sheet covers the top of .the load,
with sides and bottom open for venti-
lation. The bees are subdued before
loading, and, if you are "afraid for
scare" better cover the horses' headis
with cheesecloth for a few miles as
a bee near a horse's head causes the
horse to shake his ears and these
"stimuli" stimulate the bee.
Meridian, Idaho, Aug. 26, 1905.

POPULARIZING HONEY.

By M. F. Reeve.

A FTER reading the article on
•* *■ "Profitable Marketing," by J. Mil-
ton Weir in the August Bee-Keeper,
it seems to me that those who are
talking high prices for comb and ex-
tracted honey are "barking up the
wrong tree." What people want now-
adays is a cheap article. That is why
glucose syrup put up in tin cans, sell-
ing at 10 or 12 cents quart size is so
popular.

Honey at 50 cents a quart bottle

consequently gets the go-by. A Mar-
ket street storekeeper in Philadelphia
luster But we don't know how long who sells several tons of comb honey
ero weather is going to last. The from New York state every year at

ueer part of it was, I was intending
) Italianize the whole, and to find tiiat
11 were dead excepting those already
talianized.

West Chester, Pa., Aug. 22,
Loute No. 7.

1905,

FAILURE IN IDAHO.

By E. F. Atwater.

H RIEND HILL: Over 300 colonies
in our three comb-honey yards
ave produced just four supers of
oney. Over 350 colonies in four ex-
■acting yards have produced only 3,-
30 pounds. The first failure in ten
ears' work with the bees, in South
>akota and Idaho.

About three weeks ago I moved
DO colonies to a location about 36
liles from here, where a fair flow
as in progress and may get 10 to
D pounds per colony there. They
'ere moved with entrances wide open;
le loads on spring wagons gave no
"ouble but one load on a "dead ex"
agon was a little "frisky" and the

18 to 22 cents a comb, in glazed sec-
tion, told me he could sell twice as
much and perhaps more if he could put
it out at 2 for 25 cents. He said peo-
ple didn't feel like paying for glass-
ware in buying honey. Those who sell
extracted honey could do a better bus-
iness it seems to me if they accepted
Mr. Weir's suggestion and taking a
lesson from the syrup men, put up
their goods in tin with gaady labels,
that would catch the eye of the buyer.
Everything nowadays depends on the
attractiveness of the label. How many
honey producers are there who put
any name or mark on their sections
by which it might be known? Not
one that I have seen. Tin cans, it
would seem, would be the very thing —
pints and quarts, and gradually dis-
place glass.

Rutledge, Pa., Aug. 10, 1905.

The purest treasure mortal times af-
ford
Is spotless reputation; that away,
Men are but gilded loam or painted
clay. — King Richard II.

BEE EXPERTS HUNT

aUEENS FOR PRIZES

Great Gathering of Honey Producers at
Jenkintown Apiary.

STINGS ENOUGH FOR AL,L

Four hundred men and women bee
fanciers from all sections of the East
strolled back and forth among hives,
toyed with queens and handled drones
at the apiary of W. A. Selzer, Jenkin-
town, yesterday, at an all-day meet-
ing, held under the direction of the
Philadelphia, New Jersey and Penn-
sylvania Bee-Keepers Associations.
New York city and vicinity sent big
deleo^ations, and two native Filipinos
were present to carry back to the is-
lands the information they saw and
heard.

Before the sessions had been con-
cluded the bees took the demonstra-
tions into their own feet, and there
were so many subjects of the bee sting
that a formal experiment, which was
planned for the visitors' interest, was
not necessary. At no time was there
a rout of the demonstrators, but there
were a good many moustache comb-
ings and eye jabs that indicated sting-
inp' unpleasantness.

Several hundred persons, half of
them women, wearing veils of mosqui-
to bar, moving about the buzzing
hives, picking up bees and stroking
their backs, made an interesting pic-

MEN WHO HAI

Four hundred bee lanciers Irom all s
to attend a meeting held under the auspic
were given by experts to show that bees c
swarm and picked out the queen ol the CO

ture for the laymen, in s
ironclad sign, "Don't di

hives!"

But that passed into th
when Dr. E. F. Phillips, of
States Department of i
scooped two handfuls off a
heroically held them unti

SR

f EAR OF STIN6S.

Ifi ol W. A. Selzer. Jenkinslown. yesterday,
"^id New Jersey societies. Dem<«istrations
ran bee raiser sal in the midst ol a buzzing
%i be done without harm to the operator.

lis hands indicated trouble,
en handling the so-called

docile Caucasian bee, which

d not to sting under any

ces.
n-Hunting Contest.

[. Twining, a veteran agri-
Logan, sat in the midst of

a buzzing swarm, and, after a few
minutes' effort, picked out the queen
of the colony, just to show that such
things can be done without the smoke
pot.

This demonstra,tion was repeated in
part in the queen-hunting contest, in
which Prof. H. A. Surface, of Harris-
burg; W. W. Case, of New Jersey, and
L. W. Boyden, of Philadelphia, acted
as judges. There were four contestants.
Each took his position before the hive,
and at the clap of the hand thousands
oi bees were liberated, and the con-
testants started on the bee hunt.

Out of the swarming mass John
R. TulJ, of this city, ai d W. H. Peck,
of Perryville, Md., landed their catch
in fifty seconds. F. A. Lockhart, of
Lage George, N. Y., consumed nearly
three minutes in -his hunt, and W. H.
Wolf, of the Bermuda Islands, finished
a half minute before.

Without veil, gloves and rery little
smoke, Harold Hornor, of this city,
gave a demonstration of hiving an ar-

208

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

tificial swarm. He shook thousands
of bees on blank paper, and, with their
queen leading the way, the inarch of
the 10,000 was taken into the hive.
Several times the bees showed fight,
and at least once the demonstrator
jumped from the platform.

Looking for the Ideal Bee.

Professor Surface, who presided at
the late afternoon session, said in his
speech that he looked forward to the
cosmopolitan bee, having the best
qualities of the many species of bees.
The essentials of an ideal bee are
good housekeeping, long-distance
traveling, long tongue and gentleness.
By the crossing of the different spe-
cies he hoped to obtain the ideal.

There are 28,000 bee raisers in Penn-
sylvania alone, he said, and urged some
legislation which would protect the
apiculturists, as well as prevent the
foisting upon the market of adulterated
honey. He thought this could be real-
ized through the appointment of a
state bee inspector.

Queens Wed Once for All.

E. L. Pratt, of Swarthmore, dis-
placed several theories in his paper on
"Increase and Nuptial Flights," in
which he stated that though the queens
receive many proposals of marriage,
they accept but one during their life-
time, and this in spite of the fact that
suitors follow them to the clouds.

"Ofttimes," said he, in discussing
his paper, "the queen is pursued by
twenty-five suitors; but she chooses
but one, and the marriage pact is then
inviolable."

William Houser, of Wirtville, N. J.,
was awarded a prize for the best comb
honey, and Franklin B. Fox, of Er-
winna, Pa., won similar recognition for
extracted honey.

Dr. L. M. Weaver, of West Philadel-
phia, presided at the morning session,
and William W. Case, of the New
Jersey Association, at the early after-
noon meeting. There were addresses
by J. B. Case, of Port Orange, Fla.;
L. C. Root, of Stamford, Conn.; the
Rev. Julius Hanko, of Austria; Dr. M.
N. Nieffer, of this city; J. H. M. Cook,
of New York, and Richard D. Barclay,
of State College.

THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
TO BE HELD IN CHICAO.

Ever since the breaking out of the
yellow fever in the South, have I been
receiving letters from different parts
of the country, suggesting that the

place of meeting for the National con-
vention be changed to some Northern
city. To all, for a long time, I re-
turned the same reply: "Let's wait
and see how things turn out. If the
fever is crushed out of existence, or
controlled, then we can go to Texas
just as well as ever." To a certain
extent the fever has been controlled,
but there seems to be no probability
that it will be done with before the
time that has been set for holding our
convention in San Antonio. The time
has come when we can wait no longer.
If a change is to be made, it must be
made at once, that bee-keepers may
be planning accordingly. Before tak-
ing up the matter with the executive
committee, I wrote to the directors,
the editors of the leading bee journals
and to several of the most prominent
bee-keepers, asking for their views orh
the subject. The majority was over-
whelmingly in favor of a change. The
matter was then taken up with the
executive committee, and every mem-
ber favored a change to Chicago, dur-
ing the fat stock show, the first week
in December. It is possible that some
other Northern city has greater claims
than Chicago for the holding of the
convention, but the meeting must be
held where reduced railroad rates will
be assured, and the fat stock show
at Chicago furnishes these.

It is possible that there is no real
danger from- the fever at San An-
tonio, but the fear of it is real, and
Vv-ouM have kept away the Nortpcrn
people. The bee-keepers of Louisiana
and Mississippi would also have been
shut up in their own states. Texas has
had a slim crop of honey this year,
and, taken all in all, a convention this
fall in San Antonio would have been
a pretty slim affair. I think that
even the Texans themselves would
rather wait until another year, v.hen,
if all goes well, the convention could
be held in San Antoni) vvith eveiy as-
surance of a big crowd.

Arrangements have been completed
for holding the meeting in Chicago,
at the Revere House, corner of Michi-
gan and Clark streets, on the 5th, 6th
and 7th of December. This hotel can
accommodate at least 300 bee-keepers
and the rates are 75 cents for a rnom
alone, or 50 cents each where two oc-
cupy the same room. Meals are ex-
tra, or they may be secured at nearby
restaurants.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Sec.

IQOS-

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

209

NEW ZEALAND NOTES.

By J. G. S. Small,

Expert Appointed.

At last the bee-keepers of New Zea-
land have been satisfied by the ap- ^ycfr
pointment of a "bee expert" by the ^'

local government. Mr. Isaac Hopkins
who has been connected with the bee

America and other leading bee coun-
tries have their experts and inspectors
and the trade attended to is ample to
show that New Zealand should be in
a position to support an expert whose
whole time will be given up to the in-

The Seasons.

The last summer and autumn have

inausrry is me nrst expert rnat nas '. ' , ' T^t .,"

ever been appointed to rule over the ^'^ 'l^'''\u^''''\"u^'- ^^^ '^^>J'^'
bee industry of this fair isle, and not f^" ^"^ through the summer, with a
a better appointment could be made. ^^^ occasional showers, makmg ideal
The movement which was set on foot

conditions for the secretion of nectar.

by Mr. Gilbert Small was taken up ^he white clover, however was rath-
by Mr. Hopkins, who, in connection er scarce throughout the colony-com-
„r;4.t, *.!,„ f K, l„..^^^' „.- 1 ^ ing into bloom in December it lasted

with the former gentleman wc:nt heart „„?

until the 1st of February — but we were
supplied with a good, healthy growth
of thistles, which yielded a rather dark-
colored honey.

Prices.

For the information of American
readers I quote prevailing prices at this
time as follows: Pure extracted honey
in two-pound cans, 5 1-2 to 6c; dark,
Sc. In 60-pound cans, 4 cents. White
comb honey in one-pound sections,
$2.00 per dozen.

Foul Brood.

Foul brood is not so prevalent as
formerly. This, I think, is owing in
part to the mildness of the season and
to the greater precaution of bee-keep-
ers in preventing the disease.

Marton, New Zealand.

J. G. S. SMALL. New Zealand.

and soul into the work with tl;e gov-
ernment and although two long years
passed before there was iiiiy appoint

December being the last month pos-
ble for the holding of the National
convention, it is earnestly to be hoped
that measles may not break out in
Chicago, thus necessitating the selec-
tion of another site — probably in La-
brador or Alaska.

The vice-consul for Sweden and

Norway at Cape Haitien, Haiti, a Bee-

Keeper subscriber, advises that the

merit ^ n^iadeT these "two""ientfemen ^-^P?^* duty of four cents per gallon

found that their labors had not been in ?P .honey has been abolished by the

Haitian government.

Mr. Hopkins is at the present time ^, „ ^^ , . .

engaged in carrying on a lecturing tour ^ The Bee-Keeper has received a num-
through the colony and is receiving ^er of novel and beautiful souvenir
good receptions wherever he has call- P^^*^^ Sf ^.S' mailed en route by Prof,
ed. The many bee-keepers' asso- ^rank Benton, now in the far East,
ciations that are being formed is am-
ple to prove that the .people acknowl- The interests of the plain bee-keep-
edge that there is something in the ers are our interests. «We have no
bee industry, and where the system entangling alliances.

that is proposed is carried into prac-

tice it would be the making of the in- If you see it in the Bee-Keeper you
dustry. The fact that Australia, may depend upon it.

i

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦4M»MMM»»^'» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

SSlei

4444H MM ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦ MMfff^^ ♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»♦♦»

GERMANY.

SHOULDN'T OBJECT TO PROFIT.
"It is all well enough," says Wolf, in
Neue Bztg., "to keep bees for the pleas-
ure of the thing, but it Is just as well to
also look for profits to be obtained out of
the pursuit."

SAVE THE NATURAL CELLS.
F. Dlckel has this to say In Die Blene about
modern queen production: "Since It is
generally admitted that queens, reared by
the new and so-called improved methods,
are inferior to normally reared queens, it
is advisable that bee-keepers make better
use of the cells so easily obtained from their
colonies having cast swarms."

A RETAIL HONEY TANK.
H. Bruder is offering now a storage tank
for honey suitable for the retail trade. The
tank is made double and the space between
the two may be filled with water, to pre-
vent scorching the honey when heating or
liquefying. The tank has also a honey gate.
This is the greatest improvement on the
whole invention, for formerly it was neces-
sary to ladle out the honey to fill glass
bottles and other dishes. The inventor places
a great deal of stress upon this feature, which
he says he has had patented.

INTRODUCING QUEENS
Editor Reidenback says in Rialz. Bzgt., In
regard to introducing queens, that a col-
ony Is not in proper condition to accept a
new queen till after having been queenless
for five or six days. Then, he says, is the
time to give the new queen in a wire-cage,
leaving her confined for three to four days
when she may be released. (The writer loses
no queens during the earlier part of the sea-
son, and through the buckwheat honey sea-
son by giving the new queen when removing
the old. He manages in such a way that
the bees themselves liberate the new queen
during the following night; this refers to
queens reared in tbe same yard, queens
taken from one (nucleus) hive to another.)

A HONEY MARKET DAV.
For the benefit of honey producers in and
aiound the great city of Berlin a spc'-lal day
was set by the authorities last fall for the
sale of honey. This was advertised ex-
tensively, but only five bee-keepers appeareJ
on the market. They sold out pretty quiolc-
ly at 27 1-3 to 2814 cents per pound of ex-
tracted honey.

EGYPT.

OLD ENOUGH TO BE GOOD.
Maspero, director of the excavating force
at Theben, has discovered three jars of
honey, supposed to have been gathered by
bees some 3,000 years ago. The honey was
well preserved. — Bienen-Vater.

SPAIN.

A PUBLIC APIARY.
It is reported in Ulustr-Deutsche Bztg. that
an apiary has been established In a public
park in Barcelona. The object is to famil-
iarize the public with bees and bee-keeping.
(A great many city people know absolutely
nothing about the honey bee, even In Ameri-
ca and an enterprise of this kind must neces-
sarily serve the Interest of honey producers.)

FRANCE.

A GOOD SCHEDULE.
A certain bee-keepers' society in France
has established the price of honey for 1905
according to Apiculteur as follows: Ten
cents per pound retail for extracted; 9 cents
per pound wholesale for extracted. Comb
honey not mentioned.

SWITZERLAND.

DRONES ARE ALL RIGHT.
Dr. Bruennig claims to have proven by an
experiment described in Neue Bztg. that
drones, mothered by a virgin queen, are virile
and equal in every way to drones frum a
normal queen.

Thirty-eight hotels in Switzerland have
now agreed to furnish only pure honey to
their guests. — Leipz. Bztg.

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 211

ENGLAND. anointed them with vaseline to prevent the

THE SIMMINS METHOD. bees from rebuilding them. He did that In

Now and then some mention is made ol the fall of the year, but he always left the

Mr. Simmins and his non-swarming hive or burr combs (those on the top of the frames)

lystem, or rather, both combined. The sys- to facilitate the climbing up In the supers,

tern is intended to be applied to the produc- His hives were double walled, with a

tion of comb honey. cushion above in winter. For making the

In producing extracted honey swarming cushion, he considered tow as the best ma-
can be almost entirely suppressed by giving terial. Needless to say that In Italy, the bees
enough already built combs to hold all the are never wintered indoors,
brood raised and all the honey that is Incomplete combs (in the supers) were
brought from the field. But, as we know, saved until the spring, and then uncapped
foundation is not combs. and set over the hives for stimulating pur-

Another fact of which Mr. Simmins availed poses and removed as soon as empty,

himself is that the bees cluster immediately The hives were tilted forward considerably,

behind the hive entrance and, furthermore, relatively speaking, during the winter, in or-

that they do not tolerate empty space inside der to get rid of thhe condensed water from

the cluster. They will build combs there evaporation. He did not contract the en-

jven if they have to gnaw or nibble off the trances as a protection against the mice.

wax from the combs in the more remote Me thought it unnecessary, and very likely

part of the hive. it was in his locality. He thought that

This being the conditions, Mr. Simmins the bees would come out in the spring far

proceeds thus: The space immediately back more healthy when they had good ventila-

it the entrance is provided with frames with tion during the winter. He used to make

starters only. According to their instincts holes in the upper part of the combs to

;he bees rapidly complete these combs. As enable the bees to pass from comb to comb

fast as they are built, the apiarist cuts them without having to go around. Sometimes

5ut, fits them in sections and puts the sec- a part of a cluster eats up all the honey

ions above in the usual way. The effect of around and can not go to another place

:his is to provide combs partially built in because the temperature is too low to travel

he sections and thus to approximate the around the combs. To prevent the bees

advantages of the already built combs used from plugging the holes, he inserted small

in working for extracted honey. tin tubes in them.

The hives used in England are different He did not like the Dadant or Langstroth

[rom ours, in shape, size, number of frames, frames — thinking them too shallow. The

stc. Mr. Simmins uses two styles. One is bees winter far better in tall frames than In

one-story brood nest with the frames shallow frames,

across, about 15 in number, the six or seven He sometimes united the colonies that had

In front being those destined for comb build- swarmed, two by two to keep them strong

ing. and avoid too much increase. — -Li'Apicoltore.

The second style is a two-story hive. The

lower story contains the frames with the WINTER CONSUMPTION,
starters for the building of comb, the top Mr. Tesselsky, through repeated experi-
3tory the brood nest and finally the supers ment found that the bees wintered In sin-
are placed above this. The frames in the gle walled hives consume IS per cent more
latter system can be placed lengthwise. As honey than those wintered in double walled
Ear as I can see, this plan could be carried hives. — L'Apicoltore.

DUt as well with our American hives.

BEES HATCHING EGGS.

ITALY. Mr. Jamarrone has for several years

On account of light honey crops the price hatched chickens in bee hives. He adver-

of honey has advanced in Italy from 4 3-4 tised an apparatus for containing the eggs

Bents per pound to 6 cents. for something over $2.00. — L'Apicoltore.

MR. DUBINI'S BEE-KEEPING. SUNSHINE IN WINTER.

For years Mr. Dubini (now deceased) was Mr. Bauchenfels believes in disturbing the
ne of the leading apiculturists, not only of bees as little as possible in winter. He
Italy, but of all Europe. He has written thinks the shining of the sun at the en-
numberless articles for the bee papers and trance a strong cause of disturbance and

few books that are considered among the put a small board above to shade them. On
best. the other hand, he believes the heat of the

He had some peculiar ways of managing sun shining on the wall to be beneficial,
bees. He always removed the brace combs enabling the bees to change their position
(beween the top bars) of his frames and if necessary, in order to reach the honey

I

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

f>

beyond the part of the combs where it is
already consumed. — L'Apicoltore.

SEPARATING SWARMS.
Dr. Metteli has had ten to twenty swarms
a day in his apiary. Very often several
unite. If left alone until evening, the united
swarms separate into lobes, each contain-
ing a queen. — L'Apicoltore.

HONEY SHOE BLACKING.
Mr. Jozzelli gives the following recipe for
shoe blacking: Add as much lampblack or
better refined bone black to extracted honey,
as will admit of stirring the mixture with a
stick, when cold: then warm until softened
and put in boxes. Shoes should be thorough-
ly dried before applying. This blacking
preserves its gloss for a long time, prevents
cracking, and preserves and softens the leath-
er.— L'Apicoltore.

COLOR OF WAX.
Dr. Dubini is quoted as having said that
the yellow color of wax is due to pollen.
He used to break up the old combs into
small bits that were soaked in water. Af-
ter one or two days the pollen could be
squeezed out with the fingers. It is gen-
erally yellow and swollen by the water. The
mashed comb was then dried In the shade,
then melted in a sun extractor and never
failed to yield a wax nearly as white as If
It had been bleached. — L'Apicoltore.

MIXES HIS BEES.
A correspondent claims that bees from
different queens mixed together work much
better. He therefore swaps combs from one
hive to another. — L'Apicoltore.

PBOGRAIH FOR THE NATIONAI. CON-
VENTION.

First Day.

EVENING SESSION.— 7:30 P. M.
Wax-Rendering Methods and Their Faults.
— O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey be Tinkered
With to the Advantage of the U. S. Bee-
Keeper? — Hildreth and Segelken, New York.
Second Day.
MORNING SESSION.— 9:30 A. M.
How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep? — B.
D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Shert Cuts in Bee-Keeping. — M. A. Gill,
Longmont, Colo.
Question Box.

AFTERNOON SESSION. — 2:00 P. M.
The Control of Increase — L. Stachelhaus-
en. Converse, Texas.

Migratory Bee-Keeping. — R. F. Holter
man, Brantford, Canada.
Question Box.

EVENING SESSION.— 7:30 P. M.
Contagious Diseases Among Bees and How
to Distinguish Them. — Dr. Wm. R.Howard,
Ft. Worth, Texas.

Experimental Apiculture. — Dr. E. F.
Philips, Washington, D. C.
Third Day.
MORNING SESSION.— 9:30 A. M.
The Honey Producers' League. — Can It
Help Bee-Keepers? — R. L. Taylor, Lapeer,
Mich.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping. — N. E.
France, Platteville, Wis.
Question Box.

AFTERNOON SESSION.- 2:00 P. M.
In What Way Can Bee-Keepers Secure
Their Supplies at Lower Prices? — W. H.
Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer May Ad-
vance their Mutual Interests. — Fred W. Muth,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Question Box.

EVENING SESSION.— 7:30 P. M.
What Have We to Hope for from the Non-
Swarming Hive? — L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson,
Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper. — ^E.
T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo.

W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Sec.

SPRING INSPECTION.

An early spring Inspection Is considered
by Dr. Metteli a waste of time, as a rule,
and that the brood nests are in this way
needlessly chilled. If the colonies had win-
tered well, and had sufficient honey for win-
ter and early brood rearing. The most of the
colony, especially the pollen carried in, furn-
ishes enough indication as to the state of
the colony.

Later, he adds empty combs at the sides

of the brood nest, but does not spread the Youngsville, Pa., Aug., 12, I905.

brood. During the summer, he does not „ ,. t, * Keener-

open the brood nests, unless a diminishing ^%]^J ^^^i.^( .'rh;^^ InnnPv I'li the
population Shows that something is wrong. The crop of ^^'t^^^^^^^ 1" J^^

He uses hives (brood nests rather) large North IS _ SlXial, OWing tO exceSSlve

enough to contain enough honey to go rams during clover bloom and the

through the winter and satisfy all the de- basswood failed to bloom to any ex-

mands of heavy brood rearing in the spring, tent. Becs have started m nicely on

even if the weather happens to be unfavor- buckwheat, but the wet weather still

able, an inspection to this end is made in continues. I have hived seventy-three

the fall and feeding resorted to If neces- swarms in my homc yard, besides a

sary. —L'Apicoltore. number retwrned. W. J. Davis, ist.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

213

THE

American Bee=Keeper

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IRTHUR C. MILLER,

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Associate Editor

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THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

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Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
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A red wrapper on your paper indicates
:hat you owe for your subscription. Please
jive the mattter your early attention.

BMtoriaL

Do not confine yourself to one bee
paper, nor to one paper in any spe-
cialty for that matter, but take two
or more that you may get a broader
and better idea of the subject. Inci-
dentally it will pay.

The editor of the Rural says:
'There seems to be two sides to the
baby nuclei question." More than that
Suh! Good side, bad side, inside, out-
side, and whose side do you take as
the originator, Suh?

Last spring the Agricultural De-
partment sent to various bee-keepers
packets of seeds of honey producing
plants. Have any of the recipients

succeeded in making any grow? Our
own experience and that of several
others was failure to make any seed
germinate.

Our Kansas City correspondents,
Messrs. C. C. Clemmons & Co., write,
under date September 11, that they are
unable to get in a supply of honey to
meet the demand, at $3.00 to $3.25 per
case for fancy white comb.

Are you troubled with the competi-
tion of some negligent, slip-shod
neighboring bee-keeper? If you are
smart enough to stay in business you
will be able either to make him a decent
competitor or to induce him to sell to
you his bees or his honey.

Mr. Thos. Chantry, who has been
harvesting sage honey in the moun-
tains of Southern California this sea-
son, is back at Sioux Cuy, la., with a
carload of his product, to take care of
his old customers in that vicinity. Mr.
Chantry is one 01 the Iiustling bee-
keepers who do things.

The Rural Bee-Keeper speaks right
out plain about a few of the many
faults of the Danzenbaker hive. That
is unkind, Bro. Putnam. You should
refrain from spoiling a good thing.
What if the frames do "turn turtle"
when separated from one another, what
if they are glued to the hive securely
enough to make a saint angry, even
though it is the champion bee-killer
you should keep from meddling.

Mr. A. Laing says in the August Re-
view: ''I say lo-frame hives, because
they give stronger colonies, are less
likely to swarm, and last, but not least,
they seldom require feeding, and this
is very important in an out-apiary." The
air trembles with the shouts of "here-
sy." Evidently, Mr. Laing has not
learned the commercial possibilities of
sugar syrup honey, or, being a Ca-
nadian, he scorns the tricks of his
Yankee neighbors.

"We have no winter problem; 40 to
50 or more pounds of honey left in a
hive at the close of the extracting sea-
son, will put the bees through the win-
ter with plenty of young bees and
strong in numbers. Colonies left with
only IS to 20 pounds of honey do not
breed up so strong for the winter, and
come through in a weakened condi-
tion." So says Mr. M. H. Mendelson

214

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

of Southern California. In those
parts of the country where we do
have a wintering problem the same
law holds good, i. e., a colony with
abundant stores will be in better con-
dition in the spring than will one
scantily supplied, and no amount of
spring feeding will make reparation
for the harm done by a lean larder.

December days in Chicago, and we
predict a '"slimmer" affair there than
Texas would have produced.

With but a limited experience upon
which to base his judgment, though
possessing a knowledge of the failure
of others who have tested the Cau-
casian bee, the editor is inclined to
regard them as about the most worth-
less race that has ever been offered to
the American public, and he would,
therefore, advise caution in those who
contemplate investing in them. The
pure Punic stock we have seen are,
figurativel}' speaking, as far above the
Caucasians as are the stars of heaven
above a duck's track in the mud.

STUDY THE BEE.

Do not worry about new systems
or plans of management but study the
habits of bees and endeavor to learn
the causes of their actions. If you
know these things you can readily
devise methods suitable to your loca-
tion be it in Canada or in the tropics.

A knowledge of the fundamental
laws of bee life and action is essential
to intelligent and continuously suc-
cessful bee-keeping. The A. B. K. is
endeavoring to impress this on its
readers and will lend every aid in its
power to furthering the discovery of
these laws. The defining of even one,
hitherto unknown, is worth a library
full of books on manipulations.

THE CHICAGO CONVENTION.
As may be noted elsewhere in thi>
number of The Bee-Keeper, the next
convention of the National Association
will be held in Chicago, in December
instead of at San 7\.ntonio, Texas, a
month eariie" as fjvmarlv decide 1.
Tlie reason given for the change of
location is the fear of yellow fever.
Perhaps this is the real and whole
cause; but, judging the lives and char-
acter (of some of those who have done
the most pulling and haulnig to get the
convention to Chicago) from tlieir own
writings, it seems inconsistent that
they should have such mortal dread
of a fatal malady. Most Sonthcvn bee-
keepers would prefer a siege of yel-
low fever to an experience of three

IN HEDDON'S OWN STYLE.

The Review for August has some ex-
ceptionally good articles on production
on a large scale. It also contains a
deliciously crisp letter from James
Heddon, from which we copy the fol-
lowing:

"Friend Hutchinson, not in many a
day have I read in the Review a
brighter contribution than the one on
pages 212 and 213, under your caption
of "A Red Hot Letter." The writer
writes clearly and to the point, and
there is no more fog connected with
his opinions than with his manner of
expressing them.

"Reference to back numbers of the
American Bee Journal and Gleanings';
will remind you that the "burning"
truths your correspondent refers to,
were burning and discovered many
years ago. I well remember one writer
who, after extolling the get-rich-quick
profits of bee-keeping was reminded
that a truth might be told so many
times that it would become a false-
hood. Once there was a good profit
in honey production, but the big sup-
ply dealers had to have it, and with
their journals of wide circulation, they
soon transferred it from the produc-
ing class to the middle men; and it
was done by the same old road.

"I have no longer any personal dol-
lar and cent interest in it, as the un-
known brood disease has reduced me,
within two years, to only 17 colonies.
From Washington, (Prof. Frank Ben-
ton, proprietor) I received a circular
letter inquiring as to whether I had
anv disease in my apiary; and then,
very appropriately (I thought) I wrote
to the great Professor all about my
experiences and observations relating
to the disease mentioned above, but
just as I expected, I received no re-
ply; no doubt because the Professor's
bureau doesn't contain any informa-
tion on the subject. The Professor
is too busy counting the stripes on a
vellow-jacket just discovered by a
Hottentot in Timbuctoo. The "Prof."
and his Washington "Bureau" are a
unique pair. There is nothing common-
place about the whole business, ex-
cept the salary, which is pretty small,
there being so many things the Prof,
needs.

Let us all petition congress to raise
that salary."

te

1905-

THE AMERICAN BEfi-KEEPER.

215

THE "FOOLISH VIRGINS."
In a foot note to a letter in Glean-
ings for August 15th, Editor Root
says: "The young bees hatching from
the brood in the old hive were prob-
ably attracted to the new hive former-
ly occupied by their older sisters by
the colony odor. But it seems a lit-
tle strange that they should desert
a hive that must have had some brood
left, and having the same colony odor,
for one having no brood. Perhaps
the new hive had a fresher odor."
Perhaps also, Brother Root, it is just
a little bit, just a tiny bit difficult to
reconcile the myriad exceptions to the
odor theory. The bees so unfeeling-
ly smash this beloved theory at such
inopportune times that one is led to
believe that they do not appreciate
the difficulty you have in defending
their senses. For example, in answer-
ing a letter containing the query, "Do
virgins go into the wrong hive by mis-
take?" you say: "The instance cited
does not really prove anything either
way. Our large experience rearing
thousands of queens shows that vir-
gins do get confused just as do young
bees, and go into the wrong entrance
sometimes. That a queen may pur-
posely go into another entrance, is
not denied. When a laying queen has
filled all the available cells in a baby
nucleus full of eggs, she is quite lia-
ble to leave for larger quarters, and
the bees may or may not go with her."
And yet these poor confused virgins
(perhaps "some were wise and some
were foolish") are welcomed in their
new quarters. Then too, you know,
Mr. Alley takes all his virgin queens
from the center of the brood nest of
one colony and distributes them to
different nuclei, turning loose among
strangers each poor defenceless little
virgin. Strange to say these wander-
ers from home are given a gentle wel-
come; in fact, so rarely is one lost that
it is correct to define the practice as
unfailing. It is not real kind of Mr.
Alley to kno>.k such a big hole in the
"odor theory." and perhai.s we should
censure him for doing such "stunts"
with his thousands of queens, but then
you see he began it so many years
before the odor theorv was born that
really he should be forgiven. It may
be barely possible that Mr. Alley's
bees are unable to smell, don't you
know, for the seacoast air is peculiar.

AN APOLOGY.

In The Bee-Keeper for September,
page 189, appeared a criticism on an
article in the same issue, by Mr. J. E.
Johnson.

A recent letter from Mr. Johnson
leads The Bee-Keeper to suspect that
it may have gone a little too far in
surmising that he so readily absorbs
"professional" statements. In fact, it
appears, that some of these professors
constitute an important part of the
opoosition which Mr. Johnson meets
in his scientific researches and experi-
ments.

Mr. Johnson also avers that he had
no intention of accusing the manufac-
turers of adulteration; but, in view of
Prof. Wiley's accusations, sought to
incite an investigation in the interests
of truth and justice.

The editorial comment was the re-
sult of a misconstruction upon the pur-
port of Mr. Johnson's article, and we
are glad to be corrected and to tender
our apology for having misunderstood
the implication and the consequent er-
roneous comment.

NATURAL LAW.

Extract from an Article by General
D. L. Adair.

"Some of our earlier authors in their
inability to account for every motion
of the bees as the result of instinct,
in their enthusiastic admiration have
tried hard to prove them endowed
with reason. It seems to me that no
one who has experience enough to see
that under the same circumstances
their actions are always the same, can
long indulge in such a fiction. To at-
tribute to them passions and emotions
like ours is simply absurd.

"In all that bees do they are guided
alone by the immutable laws of nature
that thev have no power of resisting
and for that reason all they do is
perfect. Under the same conditions
the same impulse is always excited.
Not so with reasonable beings. No
two communities have the same hab-
its; no two governments the same
laws; no two mechanics work alike,
except as they learn from each other.
However much such authors may have
done for the advancement of apicul-
ture, their teachings in this respect are
almost as great a clog to it as are the
old superstitions of those who leave
it all to luck."

2l6

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

October,

THE IRISH-ENGLISH CONTRO-
VERSY.

THE LAW ON THE BEES.

Dowthwaite, Keswick, Eng.,
Sept. 5, 1905.
Editors American Bee-Keeper:

My attention has been drawn to
page 118 of your June issue. A letter
appears from Mr. Thos. I. Weston,
(vice chairman of the British Bee-
Keepers' Association). I have not
seen the March issue referred to, but
must protest against Mr Weston's
groundless attempt to belittle the Irish
Bee-Keepers' Association. I have been
in close touch with this latter asso-
ciation since 1903, as enclosed report
shows, and am in a position to say
positively that there are no internal
quarrels, nor anything but entire unan-
imity in its working. Also all its af-
filiated associations are moving in ac-
cord. Two of the Irish associations,
the County Cork and County Dublin,
which are not affiliated, are also mov-
ing for the same bill. Sixteen county
councils in Ireland have now approved
the bill and progress will continue to
be made. The "Irish Bee Journal" is
the official organ of its association,
and speaks for it (not being in the
anomalous position held by the Brit-
ish Bee Journal.) Back numbers of
the Irish journal dating from Decem-
ber 9, 1903, giving account of this
move for legislation, are the best an-
swer also to Mr. Weston's charge that
the Irish association is not working in
accord with its government depart-
ment; and the result of its deputation,
referred to by Mr. Weston, was that
the department expressed an opinion
that bee-keeping should be put under
the working of the "Diseases of An-
imals Act," which is practically the ob-
ject of the proposed bill.

There has been friction v;ith the
British Bee-Keepers' Association un-
fortunately, but that is no reason for
an uncalled for attack on the Irish
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Few will deny that a united move
with Ireland will have more chance of
success with the government than in-
dependent moves. It is this fact of
the independent existence of the Irish
B. K. A. as apart from the British
B. K. A. which is doubtless the cause
of Mr. Weston's letter.

Yours faithfully,

GEORGE M. SAUNDERS.
Honorable Sec. and Treas.

Board of Health Orders Them Re-

moved from Vesey Street

Building.

Springfield, O., Aug. 31. — Papers
were served today on the A. I. R00I
Company, of Medina, Ohio, the largesi
bee dealers in the world, ordering thetr
to remove at once from the roo:
of a building at No. 44 Vesey street
New York, more than ten million bees
which are kept at an agency of th<
Root company at that place. The or
der is issued by the Board of Healtl
of New York city.

The complaint was made to th«
board by a candy dealer about a bloct
from the agency that the bees ate his
store of candy and at the same tim<
stung his employes. The companj
has already decided to ignore the or
der of the board of health and to figh'
the case in the courts if necessary.

The candy man telephoned to W
A. Clark, Health Commissioner Dar-
lington's private secretary, last Sat
urday and requested that inspector!
be sent immediately to disperse ai
army of bees that occupied twenty
eight hives on the roof of No. 4.
Vesey street. He said that the bee.'
were causing him a considerable finan
cial loss. — New York Tribune.

"The Honey-Money Stories' is th(
title of a 64-page booklet just issuec
by Geo. W. York & Co., Chicago. T
is unique in style and is calculated tc
do missionary work among the masses
in the interest of the honey business
It presents thirty-three illustrations, is
beautifully printed on plated stock
and sells for 25 cents. It is a book
that will not fail to interest every bee
keeper; nor any one else, for that mat-
ter. It is cheap at .a "quarter," and
those who send to the publishers foi
one at 334 Dearborn street, Chicago,
will get their money's worth.

The world is a looking glass.

Wherein ourselves are shown.
Kindness for kindness, cheer for cheer,
Coldness for gloom, repulse for fear —

To every soul its own.
We can not change the world a whit,
Only ourselves which look in it.

— Susan Coolidge.

"I have found you an argument; I
am not obliged to find you an under-
standing."— Johnson.

Buffalo, Sept. 5.— We quote fancy white
new comb honey at 14-ir)C; No. 2, ll-12c; No.
•'( 3, 8-lOc. Old stock very dull and Blow
sale at low prices. Demand for new crop
improving. Batterson & Co.

HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET.

Kansas City, Mo., Sept. 7. — The market
on white comb honey, fancy, is very strong
at present, the demand exceeding the sup-
ply; 24 section cases selling at $3.00. Extract-
ed, fancy white, selling at 6%c and Amber
and other grades at 5c up. Beeswax 28c per
pound. We look for the market to con-
tinue firm. C. C. Clemons & Co.

Cincinnati, Sept. 7. — There is little to re-
port since our quotation two weeks ago. The
supply of both comb and extracted honey
is fair, and the demand is good. We offer
extracted honey as follows Amber, in bar-
rels and cans at 5%-6%c, respectively.
White clover, at 7-8%c. Fancy white comb
honey at 12-15c. Beeswax is wanted at 29c.
The Fred W. Muth Co.

51 Walnut St

Denver, July 31. — No new honey offered;
crop will be very light. There is plenty of
last season's stock to supply the demand.
We quote our market today: No. 1, $2.20 to
$2.40 per case; No. 2, $1.75 to $2.00; ex-
tracted, eVa to 71/2; beeswax, 25c.

Colorado Honey Producers Association.

1440 Market St.

Chicago Aug. 4. — Fancy white, 14; No. 1
white, 13@13%; fancy amber, 11@12; No.
1 amber, 9@10; fancy dark, 10; No. 1 dark,
9; white extracted, 6@7; amber 5@6; dark,
5@5%; beeswax, 28. The new crop is ap-
pearing and selling in a fair way consider-
ing that it is midsummer.

R. A. Burnett & Co.,

Chicago, Aug. 18. — The demand has ab-
sorbed all the offerings of fancy and A No.
1 grades of white comb honey at 14c, while
No. 1 has sold at 13@13%c. No call at
present for other than the best grade, it
really being difficult to place what ordinari-
ly is called No. 1. Extracted white, 6@7c;
amber, light and dark, 5@6c; beeswax 28c
per lb. R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 S. Water St.

The next annual convention of the
National Bee-Keepers' Associationwill
be held at San Antonio, Texas, Oc-
tober 31st to November ist.

"Where words are scarce they're
seldom spent in vain." — Shakespeare.

Four New Departments

I publish and recommend to you THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER, the best all-
round 51.00 nionthlv bee journal in
America. On trial three months for
this ad. with 25c. Or send us 50c for a
three months' trial and your name and
address on a two-line rubber stamp
(self-inking pad 25c extra.) Or

Send us $1.50 and get the
Rural Bee Keeper one year

and an untested Italian queen bee.
Sample copy free. Agent? got liberal
tern-is.

We count that day lost which does
not show some improvement in THE
RURAL BEE-KEEPER. So soon as
we can find the right party to conduct
the departments, we will establish a
department for advanced bee-keepers
and a kindergarten for the new be-
ginners. We f.lso want to benefit our
readers in the West and want to es-
tablish a "Department of the Middle
West" and a "Pacific Coast Depart-
ment." Our Foreign and South;-rn De-
partments are very gratifying to us.

We solicit your subscription and
your moral support.

W. H. PUTNAM

RIVER FALLS, ■WISCONSIN

Are You Interested?

The New South today holds forth
greater inducements to the homeseeker
and investor than any other portion of
America.

Florida leads all other Southern states
in the matter of inviting propositions to
those who seek a genial, healthful cli-
mate and profitable business opportuni-
ties.

St. Lucie is the banner county of
Florida, when it comes to home-making
and money-making facilities, and its
healthfulness is unsurpassed anywhere
on earth.

The St. Lucie County Tribune is
the— well, modesty forbids our repeating
the public verdict in regard to The
Tribune. It is published weekly at Fort
Pierce, the county seat, at $i.oo a year.
Three months' trial subscription, 25c,
Sample copy for the asking. If you are
interested in Florida, a postal card in-
quiry will bring it. Write today.

St. Lucie County Tribune

FORT PIERCE, iFL'A.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON IHIS PAGE, $3.00.

W. J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA.,

breeder of choice Italian Bees and Queens
Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

DEWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHEREKS.—

Reared under swarming impulse through-
out the year. Large, strong, healthy. Send
for card, 'Can I Control Swarming.' Original.
Untested, 75c., 6 for $5.00; tested, $1.50, 6
for $5.00. Choice, $2.50. High grade breeders,
$2.00 to $10. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barrington,

QUEENS HERE. — We are still asking you
to give us your trade. We sell Italians,
Goldens and Carniolans at 75c for untested
and $1.00 for tested. Prices on quantities
and nuclei upon application. JOHN W.
PHARR, Berclair, Texas. Jan6

SWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
MOORE, PA. — Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Correspondence in English,
French, German and Spanish. Shipments to
ail parts of the world.

W. W. CARY & SON, LYONSVILLE, MASS.

— Breeders of choice Italian bees and
queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalogue and price list free.

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN of

Italians become more and more popular
each year. Those who have tested them know
why. Descriptive circular free to all. Write
J. P. MOORE, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES FOR SALE. —

I extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
THOS. WORTHINGTON, Leota, 3Ii8s. Aug5

PUNIC BEES. — All other i-aces are discard-
ed, after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. JOHN HEWITT & CO.,
Sbeftield, England. Jan6

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.
Cincinnati, O. Standard Bred Red Clove
Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians am
Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Sem
for circular.

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O.
of Italian bees and queens.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day in the year
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the ver;
finest strains. GEO. W. PHILLIPS, Sav-La
Mar P. O., Jamaica, W. I. 5-

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, Ii-. — Breeder o

Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our stocl

speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stocl

guaranteed. Free information. Jan*

LAWRENCE C. MILLER has sold out hi

"Providence Queen" business to Cull & WH-
Hams, Providence, R. I. See large ad else-
wliere.

C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, O.— (Cor, Cen-
tral and Freeman Aves.) — Golden Tellow
Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred from
select mothers in separate apiaries.

JOHN 31. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Tenn. — Has

greatly enlarged and improved his queen-
rearjng facilities. Two unrelated Carniolans
and a dark leather Italian lately imported
My own strains of three-band and golden:
"Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's golden; all
selects. Carniolans mated to Italian drones
when desired. No disease. Circular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an

exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie . Send for
free circular. Bellevue, Ohio. 5-5

HONEY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

!

i^"Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines on©
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._jaRj

OHIO.

C. H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected, delivered
In Cincinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

5-5

WE are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cincinnti, O. 5-5

COLORADO.

THE COLOR.^DO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION, 1440 Market St., Denver,
Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. 5-5

Cent-a=Word Column.

AGENTS WANTED. — To sell advertising
novelties, good commission allowed. Send
for catalogue and terms. American Manu-
facturing Concern, Falconer, N. T.

THE BUSY MAN'S METHOD OF REARING
GOOD QUEENS. — This leaflet describes
the method used in rearing the Hardy
Honey Gatherers (read elsewhere), and if
carefully followed will produce queens of
great merit. No loss of brood, no cell-cups,
and but litttle time required. Large queens
under swarming impulse. Nothing artificial
about it. Every queen-breeder needs it.
Price 25 cents. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barringr-
ton, 3Ias8.

ITALIAN and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.—

The Bankston Baby Nucleus and the
Bankston nursery cage. Untested queens
50 cents each; tested, 75c. Baby nucleus,
nailed ready for use, 35 cents. Nursery
cage, 35 cents bv mail with printed in-
structions. C. B. BANKSTON, Milano, Mi-
lam County, Texas. Sep5

BEWARE

V/HERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

fl r^" \ A/ I o ¥

IWA TERTO WN^ %# I ^^ S

MAKES THE FfNEST

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing working stocks. A simple, sure satis-
factory plan. 2 5c. Baby Nuclei tells how
to mate many cjueens from sections with a
mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20 pic-
tures; plain and simple plan. 50c. Queens
and queen rearing outfits for sale. Golden
all-over and Caucasian Queens. Circulars
free. E. L.. PRATT, Swarthmore, Pa.

Please mention

The American Bee-Keeper

When writing to advertisers.

G. B, LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES

Watertown, Wis.

Kastern Agents: Fred "W. Muth Co., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, 51 Walnut Street; C. M. Scott
& Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1004 E. "Washing-
ton St., Norris & Anspach, Kenton, Ohio,
Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Penn.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R. Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our
graduates under bond. Tou don't pay
us until you have a position. Largest
system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed by all railway officials. Ope-
rators always in demand. Ladies also
admitted. Write for Catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY

Cincinnati, O., Buffalo, N. T., Atlanta, Ga.

Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco, Cal.
Nov. 5. LaCrosse, Wis.

II

Our Special Premium Offer.

We have been successful in closing a contract with the Selden Pen Mfg. Co.
of New York, whereby for a limited time we can supply a guaranteed

$ 2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THE CElTRIC model i"

and the American Bee-Keeper one year for only 90 cents, to every subscriber,
OLD or NEW. The pen will be forwarded immediately upon receipt of the
money. It is made of the best quality of hard rubber in four-parts, and fitted
with a guaranteed irridium pointed 14-k GOLD PEN. The "fountain" Is
throughout of the simplest construction and can not get out of order, overflow,
or fail to supply ink to the nib.

"A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with the inconvenient inkstand and is always ready for use.

<'T'T_TT7 C'fjl "TT^TC TVrOFi'R'T 1* bears the manufacturer's guarantee that
1 n.C. y^i:.L. l IVIV... 1\1\JLJI:.1^ > tj^g pg^^ jg g^jj^j gold, 14-k fine. If

does not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or re-
turn the fifty cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article
of superior quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience
of every one who writes. REMEMBEK that the offer is for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

Special Notice
to Bee-keepers.

BOSTON

Money in Bees for You
Cata'og Price on

Root's Supplies

Catalog for the Asking

r. H. FARMER, 182 FRIEND STREET,
BOSTON, MASS.

> Up First Flight

AGENTS

YOU CAN DO IT

4GENTS

Medallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
dallions, Quick sellers. Big money.
Write at once. Special territory
given. Largest Medallion Co. in the
World. Agents' supplies. Novelties
up-to-date. Write now.

Universal Manuf actnring Co.,

Pittsbnrg, Pa.

Read This and Do It Quick

All One
Year $1.40.

Without

Gleanings

80 Cents.

The Modern Farmer,

Green's Fruit Grower,

Agricultural Epitomist,

The Mayflower and

Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbs,

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

American Bee-Keeper.

Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper
50c. Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Every person who keeps pigeons, Belgian
hares, cavies, dogs, cats or a pet of any
kind to send for a free sample of the

PET STOCK PAPER

Address Box 20. - - - - - York, Pa.

PROVIDENCE QUEENS

THE BEST YET. Jt jIt ^ jt jIt ^

I wish to announce to my pat-
rons and other interested per-
sons that r have sold my queen
business, breeding stock and
trade name to Messrs. Cull &
Williams of this city.

This firm handles a full line of
beekeepers' supplies, bees and
queens, and I ask for them your
good will and patronage.

LAWRENCE C. MILLER

PROVIDENCE, R. I.

' Months for Only ?0 Cents.
To a A eiv Sttbscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1861

It is the only -weekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters: Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. York ® Co.

334 Dearborn Street Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and mu-
sic; "Piking the Pike," "Just Because
I'm From Missouri," "Hiawatha,"
"Navajo," "Bedelia," "Josie," "Only a
Factory Girl," "Flirting at the Sea-
shore," "The Little Brown Man of Ja-
pan," "Come Down, Miss Mallnda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other
popular songs, all in one book, and sent
postpaid for only 10 cents We will also
send a coupon good for 10 cents to
every one mentioning In what paper they
saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG M4GAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us 10 cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postofHce who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dept. H. D. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: "-^sted of either race, $1;
one uute d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, lO
for $6. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W, PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

Bee-Keepers

We carry a full line of Fal-
coner's Bee-keepers' Sup-
plies, and that means the
best, and sell them at factory
prices, f.o.b. Savannah, Ga.
Order from us and save freight
charges. Catalogue free for
the asking.

Harden & Rourk

Savannah, Ga.

Chance

Of a Life Time.

It

id

ion Wanted to raise
*^" Belgians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo.

To Subscribers of

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Wm Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you mention
American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on Farm,
Orchard and Garden, Poultry and Fash-
ion. It's the best paper printed for
the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

2tf. Allentown, Pa.

)l

lUl

W. M. Gerrish, R. F. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

THE W. T. FAI^CONEB MFG. CO.

^ENTS Wanted

In every town for our

Washing Machines.

You can double your money every time you sell one

id they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
e cheaper than e^'er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.

PROFIT

By Studying Our

lome Nursing Series

New Books for the Home.

owe — "The Expectant Mother,"

l2mo., net 50

Imer — "Practical Care of the Baby,"

2mo.. Extra Cloth $1.00

pp — "The Daughter." Extra Cloth... 1.00
ernsey — "Plain Talks on Avoided
lubjects," 1.00

A. DAVIS CO., Publishers

MAIL, OKDEK DEPT.

4-16 Cherry St. - - Fhiladelphia, Pa.

National Bee>>Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Memberghlp Fee, $1.00 ■ Year.

N.E.FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurei

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular liter-

a r V family

— ~^~"~~—~^~~" MAGAZINE.

It entertains its readers with good,

short stories, sketches and poems by the

nost famous authors of the day and Is

magazine of superior merit.

It is a welcome visitor In every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to have our magazine in your
/icinity and as a special offer for new
eaders we will send you

)unshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of It, less than one cent a copy.
Can't you act as our agent?

ADD. MAYES PliIB. CO.,

LOUISVILLE, - - - - KENTUCKY.

When writing to advertisers please
;ntion The American Bee-Keeper.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securing patents.

Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in.the

Scientific JUnerican.

A. handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific Journal. Terms, $3 a
year ; four months, *1. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN iCo.^^'^-^''-^- New York

Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington. D. C.

ABooa
For

Pi)iilir:Ke(!:''B

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent, profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Poultry Keeperc' Acc't and Egg Record showing
gains or losses eve:- month for one year. Worth 25
cts, sent to you for l*.c. If you will send names of 5
poultry keepers wlthyour order. Address,
6. 8. VIBBERT. P.B. 56. Clintonvilie. Conn

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL,. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Homeseekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mall you the
.Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Rsal Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

Seasonable

\

Glass Honey^Packages.

Anticipating a demand for honey jars and bot-
tles we have put in two carloads of stock before
the summer shut-down of the glass factories, so
that we are prepared to furnish the various jars
listed in our catalog. We have also a few odds
and ends of stock, such as we formerly listed,
which we offer, to close out, as follows. We can-
not duplicate these when present stock is sold:

1-lb. tin-top tumblers. No. 789, 5 bbls. of 200
each, at $-1.50 per bbl.

1 l-"2-lb. tin-top glass paiis. No. 778, 2 bbls. of 100
each, at $5.00 per bbl.

Large lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 777. 1 bbl. of
1.50, $.=).00.

Small lb. tin-top glass pail. No. 77(1, 1 bbl. of 200,
$5.50.

1-lb. Oaken Bucket, tin top, with wire bale, 1
bbl. of 150, for $5.00.

These prices are all a dollar a barrel less than
we used to sell these tumblers and pails at. We
have also a little loose stock which we will pack
and include at the same rate.

Special Price on Tin Cans.

We recently secured a special bargain in half-
gallon square cans. They are choice bright stock;
but as the pattern differed slightly from the regu-
lar one they are now making, they closed them
out at a special price. We have also an over-
stock of quart oblong square cans. While this
stock lasts we will make the following prices for
shipment from Medina only:

1-4-gal. oblong square cans with 1 1-2-inch
screw. $5.00 per 100; $45.00 per 1000.

i-2-gal. square cans with 1-inch screws, $6.00
per 100.

1-2-gal. square cans with 1 1-4-inch screws, $6.50
per 100.

l-2.gal. square cans with 1 1-2 inch screws, $7.00
per 100.

In 500 lots, 50c per 100 less.

W'e have also a good stock of one- and five-gal-
lon cans at regular prices.

Second^Hand Five^Gallon Cans.

We have to offer a quantity of second-hand five-
gallon honey cans in good condition for use again,
especially for amber or low grades of honey. We

offer the best of them at $4.50 for 10 boxes of I
cans each; $10.00 for 25 boxes. We have sc
which are not so bright, and yet are honey-ti(
that we will furnish at 10 cents a box less. '
boxes in which the cans are shipped are <•
second-hand, but will be put in good condil
when shipped.

Wide=Mouth Mason Fruit=Jars.

The carload price on Mason fruit jars is ovi
dollar a gross higher this year than last,
carried over quite a large stock, which we
sell at the same prices as heretofore— namely:

Pint doz. 52c. 6 doz $3.00 12 doz $

Quart. .doz. 5.5c. 6 doz 3.10 12 doz

1-2-gal. .doz. 75c. 6 doz 4.10 12 doz

Triumph wrench, 15c each.

[•$ Ball's waxed rings, 5c per dozen. These
far superior to rubber rings for fruit jars,
cheaper.

In addition to the regular style of Mason ;
we have a stock of wide-mouth special Mas<
with 3-inch openings. These are especially
sirable for canning large fruit whole, or for p;
ing chunk comb honey. These jars are of e:
quality, and cost $1.65 per gross more than
regular pattern. As we do not list them we c
our present stock at an advance of 10c per do:
$1.20 per gross, on any size. They have zinc c
and rubber rings. We have no wax rings of
right size to fit these jars. They are a barg
at this price.

Caucasian Queens.

We can spare a limited number of impoi
Caucasian queens, received direct from the I
breeders in Caucasus. Prices as follows:

Extra select Caucasian imported queens,

Select Caucasian imported queen,

Extra select untested Caucasian-Italian

queens, from Caucasian mothers mated

with Italian drones ...

Select untested Caucasian-Italian queens,

from Caucasian mothers mated with

Italian drones .....

Orders filled in
about July 15.

rotation. Delivery beg

COMPLETE CATALOG ON REQUEST.

THE A. L ROOT COMPAIST!

MEDINA, OHIO

i

i

I

BRANCHES:

144 E. Erie St., Chicago 10 Vine St., Philadelphia 44 Vesey St., New York

^

NOVEMBER

Entered at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Fla., as secoud-class matter.

I

Homes in

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ^.nd in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the market at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all th»
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

Are You Interested?

The New South today holds forth
greater inducements to the homeseeker
and investor than any other portion of
America.

Florida leads all other Southern states
in the matter of inviting propositions to
those who seek a genial, healthful cli-
mate and profitable business opportuni-
ties.

St. Lucie is the banner county of
Florida, when it comes to home-making
and money-making facilities, and its
healthfulness is unsurpassed anywhere
on earth.

The St. Lucie County Tribune is
the — well, modesty forbids our repeating
the public verdict in regard to The
Tribune. It is published weekly at Fort
Pierce, the county seat, at $i.oo a year.
Three months' trial subscription, 25c,
Sample copy for the asking. If you are
interested in Florida, a postal card in-
quiry will bring it. Write today.

St. Lucie County Tribune

FORT PIERCE, IFIIA.

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAI
A monthly journal devoted to agrf.
cultural interests. Largest circulation
of any agricultural paper in the west
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, Ne<
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

O. A. DOUGLASS,

Itf Lincoln, Neb

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

10c a year. Largest,Brlghtest and Finest lllustratet
Magazine In the World for 10c a year, to Intro
duce It only.

It is bright and up-to-date. Telli

all about Southern Home Life, It ii

full of fine engravings of grand scett

ery, buildings and famous people

Send at once. 10c. a year postpaM

anywhere in the U. S., Canada Buxi

Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of (

names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a club

Money back if not delighted. Stampi

taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

Big Magazine

One year free ti
quickly Intro
duce it. Man;

prefer It to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladies' Homi

Journal or McClure's. Send 10 ce:it8 to hell.

pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept. H

D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

A vest pocket Map of your State.

New issue. These maps show all
the Counties, in seven colors, all
railroads, postoffices — and many
towns not given in the postal
guide — rivers, lakes and moun-
tains, with index and popula-
tion of counties, cities and townfi.
Census — it gives all official re^;
turns. We will send you posl^
paid any state map you wish for

25 cents (silver.)

JOHN W. HANN,

Wauneta, Neb. .<

Bee Hives
Sections

Big Discount for Early Orders.

Before November i , . . . 9 per cent. I Before February i , . . . . 6 per cent.

Before December i, . . .8 per cent. Before March i, 4 per cent.

Before January i, 7 per cent. | Before April i, 2 per cent.

ON CASH ORDERS.

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIAL AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W.T. Falconer Manfg. Co.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

YOU NEVER HEARD THE LIKE

Thousands ol Subscriptions lo Leading American Publications
PRACTICALLY GIVEN —

FREE

POULTRY SUCCESS, the leading poultry magazine now published, 48 to 112 pages per issue:
best writers: bcautilully illustrated and handsomely printed: a monthly compendium of best experience
and inlormation as lo how to make poultry successlul: regular annual subscription price 50 cents. In-
valuable to every poultry raiser — has purchased outright thousands ol subscriptions lo some ol Amer-
ica s leading publications, and lor a limited time only makes some combination subscription oilers
never belore equaled by any American publisher.

GOOD FOR 30 .DAYS ONLY.

Send us the names ol two poultry raisers and you will be entitled lo accept either of these remarkable
oilers :

OUR
PAPERS

OUR
Special

No. 1 COMBINATION
POULTRY SUCCESS, new subscriptions

only
Agricultural Epitomist 'choice of ei.uer
Farm News \ *'"0'<=e oi either

^'O'"'*' Ib,"^ . '-Choice of either

Home IVlagazine j v/ «■ ^

NO. 2 COMBINATION
POULTRY SUCCESS, new subscriptions

only
Chicago Household Guest I Choice of
Home Instructor Magazine t either

Choice of either

Rural Beekeeper / Choice of

American Truck Farmer (' either

Poultry Success (new subscribers,)

Blooded Stock

American Stock Farm f

Cookery Ma_gazine [.cnoice of either

The International

LIMITED
OFFERS
Only 75c

and any six papers mentioned above, only $1<25«
We can make you very special oilers on many other papers, including Rural Advocate, Missouri

Valley Farmer, This for That, Rocky Mountain News, American Farmer, Farm Life, Rural Mechanics,

Northwestern Agricuhuralist, Modern Farmer, Twentieth Century Review, Mayllower Magazine, National

Fruit Grower, Green s Fruit Grower and Vick s Magazine.

Usually the summer time is a dull season lor subscription work, but we have decided lo make the

summer ol 1905 historic in a phenomenal increase in circulation for Poultry Success, and hence these

remarkable oilers.

Readers ol Poultry Success lind every single issue of the magazine not only replete with interest,

but worth many limes the full annual subscription price. By making Poultry Success the best pubH-

cation of its kind, and giving best value, our readers arc always pleased.

E^^^^T DON'T OVERLOOK THESE SPECIAL OFFERS.

■■■This adv. may not appear again. Better act at once, and send your order today. Stamps ac-
cepted. Sample copy free. Address g;^; '; ',- J

—-"POULTRY SUCCESS CO., Dept. 16.

DES MOINES, IOWA

SPRINGFIELD, OHIO

BARNES'

Foot Power MachiDiiry,

This cut represents our
Combined Macliine, which
i.s the best machine made
for use in tlie construction
of Hives, Sections, Boxes,
etc. Sent on trial. Send for
Catalogue and Price List.
W. r. & J. BAKNES CO.
913 Ruby St.. Rockford lU.

We will send Tlie American Bee-
Keeper three full years for One Dollar.

FREE

A 25-word adv. one time freef
and our large 16-page 64-co]
Illustrated Literary Magazini
one year 25c. This-for-Tha
exchange column only ont
cent a word; sample magazin(
and particulars for stamp.

THE MONTHLY

2126 Braiuard St., New Orleans, La

AUSTRALIANS.

NOTE the address—

Pender Bros.,

WEST MAITLAND,
New South Wales, Australia.

The lai'gest manufacturers of Bee-
keepers' Supplies in the Southern Heni-
isphere, and publishers of the Aus-
tralasian Beekeeper, the leading bee
journal south of the equator.
Sample copy and 64 -page catalogue,
FREE. 6-tf

20 per cent. Profit

Pineapples, Oranges, Grapefruit.

ake a Specialty for Non-Resident Owners

and Intending Settlers in the
3VEL,Y LAKE KEGION OF SOUTH FLOR-
IDA.

20 per cent annual return on investment.
Pure air, pure water, no mosquitoes. High
ne and oak land, bordered by fresh water
kes. suited to all citrus fruits and pine-
jples. Good title. Time payments. Ad-
ess for descriptive matter, W. E. Pabor,
inager Pabor Lake Pineries, Avon Park,
la. tf.

atent Wired Comb Foundation

Has No Sag in Brood Frames.

HIN FLAT BOTTOM FOUNDATION

Has No Fishbone in Surplus Honey.

Being the cleanest is usually worked the
uickest of any foundation made. The talk
bout wiring frames seems absurd. We
.irnish a Wired Foundation that is Better,
heaper and not half the trouble to use that
, is to wire brood frames.

Circulars and sample free.

J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS

Sole Manufacturers,

lontgomery Co., Sprout Brook, N. Y.

f

I

■ I ^ I ■

Real Estate Wanted

To supply the wants of Cash Buyers every-
where. Their names and addresses are
given in full each month in our clean, in-
teresting family magazine. Sample copy
.25, which will be deducted from yearly
subscription price of $1. if you choose to sub-
scribe. The first issue may find you a buyer
and save you a middleman's commission.

%

I

I U. S. Real Estate Journal ■

L 131 W. Brighton Ave., Steacuse, N. Y. HH

CAVEATS, TRADE MARKS,
COPYRIGHTS AND DESIGNS.

Send your business <Iirect to Wasliiiigton, i
saves time, costs less, better service.

My office close to TJ. S. Patent Office. FREE prelimin- .
ary examinations made. Atty's fee not due until patent K
Is secured. PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN— 19 YEARS <
ACTUAL EXPERIENCE. Book "How to obtain Patents," i
etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers ]
receive special notice, without charge, In the J

INVENTIVE ACE

illustrated monthly— Eleventh year— terms, $1. a year. \

.E.G.SIGGERS,S'.iH^,f.^Tb?,D*6:

n' Tf If, BINGHAI
■'"'■^ has made all the im-
" proveniciits in

Bee Smokers and
Honey Knives

made in liie last 20 years, undoubtedly
he makes the best on earth.

Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt, sent

postpaid, per mail $1. 50

3'^ inch 1.10

Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00

2^ inch 90

r. F.Bingham, f'^^'^wyo- ' ■'!

r- ., »«• .- Little Wonder, 2 m. .65

Farwell, Niich.

PHOTOGRAPHS 8

- r g

Scenic Productions and NOVEL S
DESIGNS are our specialties g
Many Northern Publishers are §
using our half-tone copy. Most §
extensive publishers of Florida g
views on the Florida Coast. §

% Florida

Photographic
Fort Pierce

Concern, §
Florida. 8

y:><KS^:%::^<:iS^^(:$^:^<KKK^<K^

I SELL

Honey, Bees, Land and Lumber

THOS. WORTHINOTON.

I.E0TA, MISS.

STANDARD BRED QUEENS.

BUCKEYE STRAIN RED CLOVER, GOLDEN ITALIANS
By Return Mail. Safe Arrival Guaranteed.

PR,ICB1S. ONE

SIX

TWELVC

Untested $0.75

Select Untested 1.00

Tested 1.50
Select Tested 2.00

$4.00
5.00
8 00

10 00

$7.50

9 00

15.00

18.00

Select Breeders, each

Two-frame Nucleus and Red Clover Queen -

$3.00
3.00

THE FRED W. MUTH CO.,

No. 51 WALNUT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO.

.4»»»»»»M>» ♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦»♦♦♦»♦♦♦»♦»

I QUEENS AND BEES

^ Have you ever triednuu queens? If not. I should be glad to

^ have you do so, as they are as GOOD AS MONEY CAN BUY,

X AND I GUARANTEE PERFECT SATISPACEION.

4- I have three-banded Italian, Golden, Cyprians, Carniolans,

T Holy Lands and Albinos. Untested, either race, 75 cents each.

X Tested, $1.50 each. Breeders, .$3.00. Contracts made for large

■f orders. Two-framed nuclei a specialty.

l-5tf

—5 tf B. H. STANLEY, BEEVILLE, TEXAS.

I

A MECHANICAL WONDER

T^ Buffalo Sunday Courier l^egan October ist giving'
away with each copy of its paper a beautiful and unique
mechanical toy, that will amaze, amuse, delight and interest
all. It is the greatest novelty of the age. Be sure to buy
next Sunday's Courier and obtain this Avonderful toy. Bet-
ter order from your dealer now.

Vol. XV

NOVEMBER, 1905.

No. II

m

MM

m

m^

^^/

^W

^

^M

Bn Hutumn prater.

MHEX the dead leaves quiver earthward in the twi-
light of the year,
Comes the time of love and dreaming, when the days of

days appear;
Purpling distance,- mellowing sunshine, trees aflame with

red and gold.
Air brimful of life's elixir-nectar on Olympia old
Was as water in its weakness when compared with this,

methinks.
And I wish life's chain w^ere endless with sweet days like

this for links.
Music greets my every footstep in the dead leaves rustling

here —
When the ripe leaves quiver earthward in the twilight of

the year.

When the leaves come trembling earthward in the gloaming
of the year.

Then this life's perennial sweetness seems a thousand times
more dear;

Yet the million gorgeous death scenes that emblazon every
wood

As the leaves in splendid shroudines quit their dying broth-
erhood

To return to earth that gave them in the spring so tearfully

Breathe a prayer like an incense through the very heart of
me;

"When life's sap is flowing feebly and my rest is drawing
near,

^Tay my time for trembling earthward be the gloaming of
the year."

— S. W. GiUilan, in Baltimore American.

i

218 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. November,

FEEDING SUGAR SYRUP.

Its Evil Results Thought to Be Imaginary.

Bv E. F. Atwater.

FOR SOME TIME I have noted at a iirofit, or ever was done at a
with scant patience the ai-ticles profit, or viill be done. I happen to
and comments on sugar-feeding know something of the results of
in "The American Bee-Keeper." some experiments along this line.
I Imow that you desire to give a fair These tests were conducted in a state
hearing to both sideis of this question, where climatic conditions were favor-
so I shall i-ush in "where angels fear able, and by a well educated, .skillful
to tread" (?) and practical bee-keeper, whom I

I seldom feed any sugar, in fact, well know. The results showed a
seldom feed at all, and prefer to feed loss, an amount of sugar out of all
honey, which is usually cheaper than proportion to the produ'ct of "honey,"
sugar in a wholesale way. If foul was fed, and colonies required con-'
lirood were common here I -should stant additions of bees from other
feed sugar when necessai-y, in spite colonies to keep up their strength,
of tlie increased expense. Five Soon the bees refused to do any more
seasons in Idaho, with from 180 to than live "from hand to mouth" on
6oO colonies I have not fed over $20. the sugar syrup, and would not store
worth of sugar, so don't accuse me of it until at last half honey had to be
being "touched in a tender spot." added to it. I have no doubt that

The editor who refused A. C. Mil- this ground has been gone over by
ler's "criticism of an article on feed- many, aiid not necessarily from
ing" because "it seemed- unwise to any wrong motive. Now let A. C M
open a discussion along such lines," bring forward the proofs that Mr.
did just right, in my opinion. Boardman and others have "more or

"The suspicions of the pul^lic are less symip in their surplus honey '"
ah-eady aroused:" certainly, thanks in Sir. Miller seems to view with
the main to the infamous "Wiley lie," pity or scorn the indefinitene-ss of
and if the bee-keepers were to abstain the articles written by the variouis
from sugar-feeding and the use of bee-keepers whose contributions en-
comb foundation for a century public rich our journals, «o "unscientific"
confidence w-ould not be restored, so you know. Mr. Miller's articles on
long as fraud and adulteration are sugar feeding are nothing if not in-
practiced on other foods. These ar- definite; they contain no proofs, no
tides condemning sugar-feeding lack indication that any one has 'any
proof of the effects claimed. How like proofs. See how he misquotets
Mr. Miller this sounds: "When it Doolittle, by giving the following
comes to stimulative feeding, and feed- without specifying the conditions
ing for winter stores, there is no ques- under which this happens- Mr Doo-
tion m my mind that honey is the little says, that bees once started in
better food both from the point of tiie sections, the honey stored in the
utihty and from that of ethics." No combs below will be carried to the
doubt that settles it. Admitted in sections as fast as the queen needs
regard to stimulative feeding, but for the room for egg-laving, and further
Avintering the evidence is largely on that within fifteen' days after the
the other side, as A. I. Root, Capt. bees occupy the sections the brood
Hethenngton, E. D. Towsend, James chamber is packed with brood ex-
Heddou and othens. "Furthermore, cept for a little pollen and honey in
countenancing of the feeding practice the extreme upper comers of the
affords an excellent cover for the dis- frames, and the sections are filled
honest man to feed purposely for sale with honey."

as honey." I don't believe a word If I am not mistaken, Doolittle
of It. I don't believe it can be done never gave that as a general rule,

- %

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

219

but intended it to apply only when a
queen (often a young one) gets to lay-
ing alter the brood nest has become
cloggetl with honey, as when swarm-
ing has been prevented by unqueen-
ing or caging the queen, and the
brood-nest filled with honey, or, when
a colony has swarmed, the brood
being about all hatched and the
combs filled with honey. Then when
the young queen begins laying no
doubt, the honey goes into the supers
until she has a fair brood nest.

Now in regard to the use of founda-
tion: The maisses woiild vseldom
taste comb honey at a reasonable
price were it to be produced without
foundation. Better a sheet of founda-
tion in every section, and fine satis-
factory comb honey on tens of
thousands of tables, than a limited
market for an expensive, strictly "all
bee-built comb honey among the
gilded para.sites of high finance."

This discussion of a more or less
imaginary trace of .sugar syrup in
comb honey does more harm than
good, especially when no proofs have
been ofi'ered of the evil results of sugar
feeding for stimulation or winter
stores.

Boise, Idaho, Sept. 18, 1905.

Mr. Miller's Reply.

Mr. Atwater's article bristles with
indignation but his very impatience
has caused him to mislead him-
self. If he will re-read my
article at which he takes such offence,
he will note in the first paragraph
that I distinctly disavow the implica-
tion that even a considerable portion,
of the bee-keepers feed sugar syrup
with evil intent. The point I made,
and which I emphasize now, is that
the feeding of sugar syrup to bees
is inimical to the best good of honey
producers: that the widespread advo-
cacy of such practices through both
our .iournals and our text books Is
the basis for most of the public belief
in the use of sugar to "make" honey;
that sugar fed to the bees finds its
way into the surplus honey to a
greater or lesser extent; that so long
as we feed it to our bees we cannot
honestly assert that our honey is ab-
solutely pure, and that until we can
do that we are not justified in raising

our voice against persons who add
more syrup to it after it leaves our
hands. We cannot rail against adul-
terated foods until we can prove our
own jn-oducts to bo above suspicion.

1 further reassert that comb founda-
tion ill comb honey often attracts the
attention of the consumer and lends
color to the stories of artificial comb,
and I base this statement on what
consumers have said to me. The
"gilded parasites of high finance" are
as a rule, sufficiently well posted on
matters in general to know of comb
foundation. It is the good common
l)eople who are made suspicious.
Mr. Atwater claims that it is im-
possible to feed sugar syrup continu-
ously to bees without their complete
demoralization. In refutation of which
statement I would refer him to Glean-
ings of September 15th, pages 955 and
956.

To this I will add that I have seen
sugar-feeding successfully carried out
and have seen in the aggregate
thousands of pounds of "honey" thus
produced. How it is done of course
it is eminently unwise to repeat here.

In regard to the question as to how
it is known that the sugar syrup
stored in brood combs finds its way
into the surplus combs: First, I would
refer Mr. A. to the common knowledge
of the M^ay bees shift honey about.
Second, I would refer him to Mr.
Green and to the . quotations from
Mr. Doolittle. I regret that Mr. At-
water does not believe it, but the quo-
tation is accurate though not verba-
tim, the original being too long. Con-
ditions under which bees did thus,
were with wintered-over queens in a
restricted brood nest, one about the
equivalent of an 8 L frame hive.
Third, I have myself proved the pres-
ence of symp in surplus honey, and
in so doing substantiated the work
of a careful experimenter. I am not
at liberty to detail these experiments
be«^ause the methods employed are not
my own and the gentleman who told
me requested that I should not make
them public.

Regarding my statements as to the
comparative value of honey and sugar
for a winter food, I did not consider
it necessary to then state my reasons
which have appeared at length at
different times. But as Mr. Atwater

220 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Novembe

questions it. I may fittingly say here The September loth issue of "Glea]

that the value of a food for winter ings'' gives us full directions. Jui

depends upon the quantity and see! The whole number fairl

availability of the life preserving bri^stles with advice on sugar syrn

elements in a given amount of bulk, feeding. There is, besides, seven

Cane sugar propei-ly fed at a proper minor paragraphs; such as directior

time has been proved to be a good for making the syrup, feeders, etc

food, good so far as the bees are over one page of the editorial devote

concerned. But there is no unanimitj' to feeding. In fact, the editor saj

of opinion as to when it should be li<? lias succeeded in producing almo*

fed or what proportions of sugar and all the conditions of an artificii

watei' .should be used, (see Gleanings, honey flow.

Sept. 15th, page 955, and Oct. 1st, page >>'ow, Mr. Hill. I should say he ha

lOOG), hence it is quite as of ten used l^atl complete success in producing

in a harmful as a helpful way. Early natural syrup flow. What on eart

honey is generally acknowledged to be '^i'«? o"i" I'ee journals for? and whf

an ideal winter food. It contains a business has the honey producer t

high per cent of the sugars and has "monkey" with isugar syrup? TL

been made ready by the bees for im- editor of Gleanings says you can e:

mediate assimilation. Stored sugar tract during a dearth of" honey by feec

syrups are often not in .such condition '»?:; i" this case he advises man

and hence cannot be used by the bees tainted honeys. Well, now. I hav

without the expenditure of vitality at .ni^t finished taking off vsupers an

a time when they ill can spare it. extracting. There is absolutely n

Furthermore, if any of the stored lioney to be found in the fields": bv

syrup is on hand when the surplus '"'e have had no trouble whateve)

honey flow begins there is a possibility A board Avith a Porter bee escape i

of its being mixed therein. Under Placed on the hives late in the aftei

proper conditions— which I recently noon; supers taken off the next mon

explainedi in these columns— fail i"S, escape-board.s removed in th

gathered honey is quite as good as afternoon and the exti'acting done ■

that gathered in the summer^ which ^^^y oi' two after. Tlie honey hous(

fact I have demonstrated to my own of course,Js beeproof ; but there wer

satisfaction during my twenty and "ot a dozen bees hovering around th

odd years of bee-keeping. From all building. How many honey iiroducer

of which I think I am justified in bave honey on hand at extractin:

calling honey the better food. time to feed? Not veiy many. Th

Kegarding the propriety of di.scus- "*^^t thing would be a recourse t

smg the evil side of sugar-feeding, the sugar barrel. Say, Mr. Hill,

I maintain that it is not only proper wonder if the Root Co. has bough

but necessary, made so by the per- ^ ^"gar plantatiou? I expect to hea

sistent publicity given by most of ^^'om the Deacon's spirit— bless hii

the l)ee papers to the other side of memory— on this sugar question.

the subject. If there is any fault to thiidv the less advice our bee journal!

be found it is against the "promulga- "i'^'e on sugar feeding the better th<

tors of the vicious docti'ine. honey producers' interest will b(

Arthur C. Miller.' '••served. As long as cane sugar is usee

in the apiaiy we must expect the

AGREES WITH MR. MILLER l'"blie to mistrust us. We had to feed
' ' one out of 58 colonies this fall. II

•Sugar Feeding Should be Abandoned 7'";. ^ ^""^"^ SWarm: but instead Oi

. ■ feeding sugar syrup or opening the

Rv nr, \\r -D r- bive to place honey in the broo^lnest,

Kduor Iee-Keep2 C^^^^^^^^' we placed an extracting super with

well sealed combs on the hive and

\Y7 11-^ "^'1"- now gotten the thing there it will stay till spring.
YY down "pat." There is no If it is necessary for queen breeders ?

earthly reason why we should to feed sugar syrup, let them do so, "

not have bumper crops of sugar but let them absolutely abstain from

•syrup, nicely stored in well sealed offering honey for sale. The bee ,

comb.s(?) journals can cry for pure food laws.

lis

)()."..

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

221

lul all that, but you cannot convince
le pulilic of the purity of your honey,

hen tlu\v read -sudi stuif as Glean-
ijis advises, and at the same time
ie you l)uyin,a: a ton or more of sugar;
lid who can blame them? But wait
11 you get some of tlmt Carnegie Re-
?aich Fund placed at the disposal
f some one! Won't we get some
ointers then?

^^'aupaca. Wis., Sept. 23, 1905.

loore's Queen-Rearing Apiary.

By Fred W. Muth.
HE PHOTO I am sending, is
that of Mr. J. P. Moore's
apiary, at Morgan, Ky. This

record>s are kept l>y means of the
•slate system. On account of this
elevation of his nuclei, Mr. Moore can
work all da.v without tiring or strain-
ing his back. When I visited him
early in the summer, he liad some
400 nuclei and 2(J0 odd colonies in full
sway.

In the foreground of the picture
you will notice our esteemed friend
W. Z. Hutchiuvson; to the right and
rear of Mr. Hutchinson is Mr. John
C. Frohliger. Secretary of the Hamil-
ton County Bee-Keepers' Association.
Directly in the rear of the latter gen-
tleman, is Mr. Moore, but unfortunate-
ly we cannot see his face. It nay be
the photographer is to blame for thi.s,

APIARY OF J. P. MOORE, MORGAN, KY.

piary is the best an-anged bee yard
have ever seen. Mr. Moore is known
ly his friends and neighbors ais "Bee
immy," for the reason that he ha,s
c(iuired a fortune simply by raising
[ueens. He is a man of system, which
lay easily be discerned on the picture,
lis nuclei are elevated two feet above
he ground, one at each corner of a
quare stand, in the center of which
aay be seen a ten-frame colony. His

but since I happened to be the photo-
grapher, I will try to say that Mr.
Moore's modesty is the cause, for Ids
multitude of friend.s will agree with
me when I «ay he is extremely mod-
est. Mr. Moore's son Hubert, may be
seen to the rear of Mr. Hutcliinson.

Mr. Moore says his bees actually
work on the red clover. He is a
Christian, and I believe aim.

Cincinnati, O., Oct. 17, 1905.

222

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November,

I

PATENTS.

Ibccellent Advice and Suggestions
to the Beginner.

By Arthur C. Miller.

MANY AN AMERICAN, perhaps
it might be said the average
American, is not happy unless
he is inventing .something. Certainly
many of onr Amei'ican bee-keepers
turn their minds and hands towards
the development of new implements
and new hives or the improvement
of old ones. Close upon the con-
ception of a 'Seemingly bright idea
comes the thought of patents and
vi.'^ions of wealth flowing therefrom.
Very, very few such visions material-
ize, and fortunate is the individual
who does not sink hard earned money
in worthless patents.

In an endeavor to help would-be
inventors to avoid loss and disappoint-
ment I subjoin a few facts and sug-
gestions from a patent attorney of
many years' experience. His first ad-
vice iis to stick to a line with which
you are familiar. Do not try to in-
vent something for work you know
little Or nothing of, othemase after
spending much time and some money
you may find that your idea was an
old one, used and discarded long
ago. Select one line, one kind of work
or manufacture, make yom-self
thoroughly familiar with its present
condition and pa^st history, stick to
that line, develop that line, and keep
ahead of the art, which is to say
forsee the needsS and anticipate the
wants.

I have in mind a man who began
his business life making buckles. He
devotetl his whole mind to it and it
was not many years before he de-
veloped machines with which he
made buckles which he sold for much
less than any competitor could even
make them. He kept ahead of the
rest of the trade. He won. He did
it by intelligent application to one
thing.

The value of a patent lies in the
scope of the claimis and the care with
which these claims are expressed.
In securing these things the services
of a capable and experienced attorney
are invaluable. The attorney who
secures the most patents does not

neces-sarily secure the best. Before p
paying a miniiiium price for some
thing which when you get it niayfcj
lirove of no value, go to a good at-
torney and pay his price, act on his
advice. Sometimes it will pay well
to have a search of the patent records
made for all patents in the line you
are at work upon. It helps by inform-
ing you of what has already been
done, by posting you in the history
of the art.

A patent protects for seventeen
years, it prevents any other person
from making, using or selling any
machine or appliance covered by the
same. No person has a right to make
for his own use any patented article.
The only way he can get the right
to use it is to purchase the right from,
the inventor or buy a machine from
him or from authorized makers or
dealers.

Providence, R. I.. Oct. 18, 1905

Sixty Years Among tlie Bees.

By W. J. Davis, ist.

ANOTHER HONEY season has
come and gone and added its
new lessons of experience.

Our season in western Pennsylvania
has lieen a very wet one, with a large
amount of thunder and lightning.
Tlie i)ees have not been able to crowd
the queents and as a result, the hives
have been crowded with brood, and ais
another result, many swarms have is-
sued. I have hived 73 swarm,s in my
home yard, quite a number of them
double .swann-^, besides several return-
ed to the parent hive. Some of the
prime swarms were deprived of their
queen and made to return. But in 9 to
11 days they Avould come out again
with young queen, or queens, bigger
than befoi'ej and hereby hangs a tale:

One morning a lai'ge swarm with
laying queen issued, and was soon
joined by another still larger with
virgin queep. They settled together.
The fertile queen being clipped was
easily secured in a wire cage and said
cage hung between two of the central
frames and the immense swarm hived
a,s quickl.v ' as possible. But none
too soon, for two others, in tbe same
relative condition issued and were
treated in the same way. The lesson
for the beginner is this: Had I hived,

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

ii

I'JOo.

either mas« without caging the lay-
ing queen, the bees of the said queen
wonld have balled and killed all the
virgin queens, and the sisters of the
virgin queens would have killed the
laying queen and there wonld have
been confusion in the bee yard for
hours, and that too with the expecta-
tion that other swarms would issue
and add to the roaring of wings.

Always give such double swarms
plenty of room, ventilation, and shade.
Leave the fertile queen caged for
four days and she can be safely
liberated. One so caged was neglected
for a month. On examination nO'
brood was found in the hive. The
queen was set at liberty and resumed
her duties apparently lanlnjured by
her long imprisonment.

Now, I wish to give a case for the
veterans in bee-culture, which I con-
fess is new to me: I had two stocks
that lost their queens, and were not
looked after as soon as they should
have been owing to the press of
other work, and when discovered the
combs were pretty well supplied with
eggs by laying workers. In fact, they
were more than supplied for some of
the cells I judge had eight or ten
eggs in. I at once supplied them
with nearly mature queen cells.
The young queens hatched, and In
due time became fertile. But In the
meantime the eggs of the laying
workers hatched, and in due time,
the bees capped the brood as worker
brood; smooth, not the raised cells
like trying to raise drones in workers
cells. We all understand that no
laying worker eggs can produce
workers, and capping of the brood
puzzled me, and excited my curiosity.
But I discovered that a few days
after the brood was capped it died,
and some before capping.

I infer that t?he bees having a laying
queen fed the brood as workers, which
wa,s a diet not suited to their nature.
I presume it is nothing new to
apiarists that bees sometimes try to
rear a queen from an egg intended
for a drone, and how the occupant of
the roj^al cell would slip down in the
cradle and then bees lengthen the
cradle until It became a laughable
object as a queen cell, and later de-
veloped a dead gTub. I conclude
the bees sometimes make mistakes

223

like other mothers in how they feed
the babies. This is how I did, and
why: I cut ont all the brood of the
laying workers and cremated it, and
all was well.

We have never known svich a thing
as foul brood in this locality, and the
savants of bee literature tell \is that
foul brood can not emanate from
dead brood. This may be true, but
1 would advise all beginners to allow
no dead brood Mathin reach of living
bees. It frequently happens that
colonies perish in late winter or early
spring with more or less brood in the
combs. Always cut it out and burn
it.

On tlie 4th of June, 1905, the valley
of tlie Brokenstraw was visited by a
disastrous flood and some of my
stocks were drowned and the brood
perished. All such dead brood was
cut out and buried deep In the ground.
I suppose at that particular time it
was easier to buiy, than to find any-
thing dry enough to burn, as our gas
.•supply Avas shut off by a break in
the line. I believe In the old adage,
that "an ounce of preventive is bet-
ter than a pound of cure." It is not
only true of "foul brood" but of many
of "the ills of life.

Youngsville, Pa., Oct. 5, 1905.

^VORK IN THE OUT YARD.

Taking; the Liast Honey.

By F. Greiner.

TO REMOVE honey from the
hives at a time when no' honey
is coming in from the fields
is sometimes anything but an agree-
able task. The secret to get along
easily with it lies in the prevention
of robber bees obtaining the first drop
of honey. How can we succeed in doing
this? in the first place we must work
quickly. When honey has to be re-
moved from the hives in the outyards,
we cannot always use escape-boards in
the usual way, although a liberal
quantity of wire-cloth, cone-shaped es-
cape-boards will come veiT handy in
covering up the honey after removal
as will be shown.

The smoker needed when taking off
honey should be a good one and of
large capacity. With this the bees are
quickly driven down. It may be ac-
complished in a quarter of a minute if

224

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November,

the Cog-sishall flip-flap method is vised; load up before bees have ceased fly.

see illustration. The super is then \n<^ care is exercised to l^eep all honey

jerlced off. Some bees are still adher- covered up , with escape-boards— that

ins- to tlie honey, many of which can which is on the wagon as well as that

lie shaken out by giving tlie super a to be loaded,

few shakes. By following thi.s method the bees

Five or six supers are enough to l>e in the yard remain quiet and peaceful,

piled up on one stack. li, thus removing the last honev from

Always keep eveiy stack covered one of my outyard-s of 60 hives in

with an escai.e-board, as previously September. I received oolv one

mentioned. However, it is not enough sinale stins. I used no mittens (a

to cover witli such an escape. Rob- thins I never do) but had mv face

bers have a way of holding up the es- protected by a light veil mo-st of the

caping bees and forcing them to give time,

up what honey they have in their Naples, N. Y. Oct. 2. 1905.

lOo.

liscl

,H'
lete

E,
lor
ler^
!»'

tasl

MR. GREINER DRIVING DOWN THE BEES.

Iioney-sacs. To prevent this .sort of
robbeiy, place a shallow box covered
with wire .screen over the escape-
board. I use the -screen-board.s other-
wise used to close in bees when mov-
ing during warm weather. Occasion-
ly tJiis .screen-board is lifted up and
turned over to liberate the bees which
were on the honey and have accumu-
lated over the escape in the space be-
tween the latter and the screen-boai-d.
In this manner the supers are freed
from all bees in a very short time and
are ready to be loaded on the wagon.
If it is necessary or desirable to

HONEY THIEVES.

And the Penalty Administered in
Haiti.

By J. R. McKenzie-

AA Y FRIEND, E. M., tells the fol-
^ lowing story:

He had just overcome the difficulties
incident to starting an apiary by an
inexperienced hand, and was congrat-
ulating himself on being able at last
to say, "My 25 colonies of Italians
are now in good form," when he dis-
covered one bright and early morning
that some one had been into the

90.").

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

225

ipiary during the night and played
nischief with it.

Hives were found open and frames
Were lying about on the ground with
:;he combs cut out. E. M. scratched
liis head, thought a bit, straightened
3ut things and reported to the police.
^. week after and the same thing oc-
;urred again. Another report to the
police, the thieves remaining, of
:ourse, undiscovered.

E. M. now resolved to set a watch
for he reasoned that if the thieves
were never caught he would have to
go out of the bee business. A watch
was accordingly set, two men living
near the apiary being selected for the
task. For a whole week the watch
had nothing to report, and E. M. was
ibepinning to fear that the nightly vis-
itors had in some way got to know
of what he was up to; but one morn-
ing soon after, at 4:30, there was a
hue and cry that some one was want-
ed by the police. The watch reported
as follows:

They had remained at their post un-
til 4 o'clock when the first streaks of
daylight were seen in the East, then
retired for an hour's sleep. One of the
men no sooner reached his house than
he heard the sharp cracking noise
usually made by an excelsior cover
well fastened with propolis to a 10-
frame hive. He mentioned the fact
to his friend and they two returned to
the apiary in time to find the thieves
at work. The plunderers took to their
heels, but not before they had been
recognized by the watch. The police
was at once informed of what had
happened and they proceeded to ar-
rest the guilty parties, who were taken
to the apiary followed by all the rag,
tag and bob tail of the village.

It was now broad daylight^ and the
delicious smell of new honey was
being wafted on the morning breeze
from the open cotony. This proved
too great a temptation for the neigh-
boring colonies and soon there was
a free fight going on. The plundered
colony was up in arms and determined
at all costs to repel invaders. E. M.
w'ondered why the police had brought
the thieves to the apiary and sudden-
ly a thought occurred to him. Going
up to the sergeant he suggested that
as the culprits had themselves un-
covered the colony they should now
be made to cover it again. The ser-
geant agreed, and the thieves were or-
dered at once to go and put on the

cover. Now came the awful moment
for the poor wretches. Most gingerly
they approached the infuriated colony,
and right royally were they received
by the angry Italians. The bees flew
at them from all sides, the men threw
themselves on the ground and rolled
over and over again, screaming for
mercy. There were bees everywhere
— bees up their pants, under their
shirts, in their mouth, ears, nose and
eyes. Bees to the right of them, bees
to the left of them, bees, bees every-
where, stinging as only angry bees
can.

To save the lives of the poor devils,
E. M. suggested that they be allowed
to leave the apiary while he attended
to the covering of the hive himself.
Scores of other people got stung also,
and E. M. says that it is now his opin-
ion that after the object lesson they
have had no one will again attempt to
rob his apiary.

Cape Haitien, Haiti, Sept. 5, IQOS-

BEES REMOVING EGGS.

Estero. Fla., Oct. 1, 1905.
Editor Bee-Keeper:

Anent M. Hulot',s opinion (referring
to item in the January, last, i^sne of
yoiu* valued periodical,) I have been
handling bees but a few^ weeks during-
thi-^, my first season at it when, after
several examinations it seemed that
one colony had been queenless and
eggs for a period of several days.
A bit of comb with eggs was placed
on the bottom bar of a brood comb
frame, and about three days later it
was found tbat the egg^s had been
removed from it, while midway up on
another comb one move and re-move
nearer to the center of the brood nest
were two completed queen cells — ^still
the only indication of anything in the
line of queen or eggs.

Might not experiments made under
condition* similar to the above estab-
lish the facts in the matter although
they had previously proven elusive
to the efforts of even "long and care-
ful Avatchfulness?"

W. F. McCready.

Experiments and research are com-
mendable, for through these must come
a large proportion of our apiarian
knowledge. In the instance cited by
our correspondent, however, evidence
seems conclusive, that the completed

226 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEBJPER. Novembei

cells did not coutain any of the eggs modified, and stored in the comb b;

given three days previous. Such a the honey bee (Apis mellifica). It i

condition would hardly be found under laevo-rotatory, contains not mor

six to nine days, in the event of the than twenty-five (25) per cent o

inserted eggs having been removed water, not more than twenty-fiv

and used. Perhaps a A-ery old queen hundredths (0.25) per cent of ash, an(

yet remained in the hive. — Editor. not inove than eight (8) per cent o

sucrose.

CLEANING BEESWAX— SEASON This standard was adopted afte

REPORT. cai-eful publication of an earlier isug

Upperoo, Md., Oct. 6. 1905. gested standard as a basis of criti

Dear Editor: ci->^m, and after careful consultatioi

Please give us a few Unas on clean- with leading authorities in apicul

ing beeswax in small quantities in the ture.

next issue of the American Bee- Since the standard wa,s issued mani

Keeper. letters have been recei^^ed from be<

We had a verj^ small honey crop in keepers representing many of iht

this section this summer, from June States of the Union, expressing i

until September, they could not feed desire that the standard should b«

themselves. Some of my bees nearly changed so as to avoid the exclusioi

istaiwed. There was no pollen coming from -standard honey of all honeyf'

in. so some of them got very weak, that contain honey dew. In suppor

Since September 1st a little honey of this plea, it Is urged that the bet

for winter has been coming in. I have keeper is unable to prevent the intra

23 colonies this year. rtuction of some honey dew, whethei

D. H. Zencker. taken directly from the plant or fron:

the aphis, and that ismall quantities

Undoubtedly the best, and only of this material are not injurious tc

practicable method of cleaning bees- the honey.

wax is through the process of remelt- These requests being brought to the
ing. Place the Avax in a clean tin ves- attention of the Committee on Pooc,
sel with several inches of water, and Standards at its meeting in Chicago
set the whole into a kettle or other begining May 29 last, the Committee
suitable receptacle containing water, adopted the following minute:
Place it on the stove until the Avax The -standard does not in any waj
is thoroughly melted, then remove exclude small quantities of honey dew
from the ftre and skim all scum from from honey. We realize that bees often
the surface with a spoon or piece of gather small quantities of honey dew
cardboard. Keep the wax in the hot that cannot be detected in the finish-
water and set a-side so that all dirt ed jiroduct by chemical means, and
may have time to settle before con- does not damage its quality. It is only
gelation begins. When cool and hard, when relatively large amounts are
remove the cake and shave all foreign gatheretl that the quality of the honey
matter from the bottom, and the pro- is impaired, and it fails to meet the
cess is complete. —Editor. requirements of the .standard. It is

generally agreed that such a large

EXPLANATION OF STANDARD aniount of honey dew is injurious to

FOR HONEY. the quality of the product, which can

IT , J c, , n . , I A 1. not then be properly regarded as

United Males Ueparlmcnl ol Agriculture. i l j o

Bureau ol Chemistry. hOUey.

On December 20, 1904, the Secre-

tary of Agriculture, acting under The Voice of the Sluggard.

authority of Congress and upon the „ „ . , , ., „ „ ,

recommendation of the Committee on ^'If .^^^^ T'''^ day old farmer Doyle

Food Standards of the As.sociation of , ^aid as he mopped his brow;

Official Agricultural Chemists, pro- I 'Jon't object to honest toil,

claimed the following standard for Its time I -started now

j^Qj^^y I knoAv I ought to plow the soil.

Honey is the nectar and .saccharine ^"* ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^* ^^ P'^^-

exudations of the plant, gathered, —Saturday Evening Post.

r

■iiS

--f^t-M-f4 ♦♦♦♦»♦♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.
Contributions to this Department are solicited from all quarters of the earth.

GEKMANY.

A GERMAN CONVENTION.
The great annual convention of the Ger-
man and Austrian bee-keepers was held in
Danzig, the Venice of the North, and was
well attended. As many as 25 addresses
were recorded on the program, but a por-
tion of the speakers were absent. Dudeck,
the first speaker, talked about the needs of
fresh air for the bees in winter. Guen-
ther followed with a discussion of the dif-
ferent bee hives and different sized frames;
also about the secrets of obtaining large
honey yields. (Guenther is one of the
oldest and still active bee-keepers of Ger-
many.) Rev. Sydow tried to explain "Why
the bees build their cells hexagonal." The
debate following showed that there were
many men of different minds. Bassler,
Austria, spoke next on sugar-feeding in the
bee yard, which created considerable stir.
The meeting passed the following resolu-
tions:

1. We denounce all sugar-feeding when
it is done for the purpose of selling the
product as honey.

2. We do not recommend the taking of
all the honey from our bees and substitut-
ing sugar syrup.

3. We recommend to substitute sugar for
unwholesome honey such as honey dew; al-
so the feeding of sugar to insure the neces-
sary winter stores when such are short."

The subject of foul brood received its
share of the attention next. Lichtenthaler
brought out as "something new" (?) that
the spreading of the disease was largely
owing to the practice of exchanging combs
from one hive to the other.

A desire was manifested for an effective
foul brood law.

In the line of law making, Fitczeck spoke
on the lack of protection that the bee and the
bee business received from the general gov-
ernment. This was supplemented by Heydt,
who urged that sugar refineries, candy shops,
etc., should be compelled to keep their fac-
tories screened, thus excluding bees.

Among other topics discussed at this meet-

ing were "Half-story or Full-story Frames
in the Brood Chamber, or Both," "The De-
velopment of Bee-keeping," and the "Hold-
ing of Bee-keepers' Institutes.

In rendering wax Editor Reidenbach
found that when using hard water in the
process, the resulting wax cakes were part-
ly of a spongy nature, the lime of the
water combining with the wax and form-
ing a grayish body on the underside of each
cake. When using rain water no such de-
posit reAilted and the color of the wax
in general was much brighter. (The com-
piler of this has a similar experience with
hard water and will look into the matter
at an early date.) — Pfalz. Bztg.

Dennler reports, in Elz. Lothr. Bzchtr.,
very favorably of the Golden American bees,
says, they are beauties indeed, and are as
profitable as they are handsome.

Extracting combs should be cleaned up
b\ the bees btlore storing away for win-
ter is the verdict of Ludwig in Leipz. Lztg.
(Just so.)

In regard to the general management of
bees, L. Vogel lays down the following four
theses in Deutsche Bzcht. :

1. Every colony which has not swarmed
by July 1st should be compelled to discon-
tinue brood rearing for four weeks.

2. At the beginning of July all supers
should be removed so that the best honey
may be stored in the brood chamber for
winter stores.

3. The majority of colonies should be re-
queened in July. —

4. For stimulating the bees, the feeding
of honey is to be preferred.

The last numbers of the German bee-
periodicals are full of convention reports.
To the compiler of this the chief attrac-
tions of these conventions seem to be: sight
seeing, social amusements, concerts, theatres,
drinking, smoking and eating with compara-

228

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

tively little transaction of bee business
mingled in.

November,

AUSTRIA.

Jung Klaus endorses, in the Imker, the
following advice given by the editor of
Leipz. Bztg. : "Not to disturb the tivood
chamber after the end of August." but should
it be necessary to do so, th^n to always
return the combs in the same order as they
were taken out.

Jung Klaus adds: All colonuis shouid
go into the winter strong in numbers, have
a good queen, and their hive should be well
ventilated.

Jung Klaus, the compiler of the Sammel-
Korb, a department in Deutsche Imker sim-
ilar to the Bee-Keeping World of the A.
B. K., is inclined to poke fun at the many
inventors of apiarian clap- traps, and per-
haps has good reason.

FRANCE.

TOP ENTRANCES.

Fricoire Brothers report that last year
they tried to put the entrances of the hives
during the honey flow, between the brood
nest and the supers, says L'Apiculteur. They
tried only 20 colonies that way. They re-
port that so far as the surplus was concerned,
they think there was but little difference,
if any, between these twenty colonies and
the others. The queens did not go in the
upper stories, the brood nests remained
where they were. The "floors" of the hives
were as clean asthose that had the en-
trances at the usual place. Contrary to
what might have been expected, the brood
nests were fuller of honey. On the other
hand, the partition of the combs near the
entrances were neglected. They will try
again.

On the same subject a correspondent
of the Rucher Beige states that with the
entrance above, the ventilation is easier since
the warm, vitiated air naturally raises. Such
being the case, the ventilation might be too
free. If the entrance was too large.

Of all the reports, I have met so far, this
is the first that does not give a considerable
increase of surplus as the result of having
the entrance above.

agement, etc., all have an influence, and
some of the items that appear in this de-
partment look "fishy" to the American
reader. Don't be in too big a hurry to con?
demn them. It may be merely a questioi.
of "locality." •

In order to avoid too great a misunder-
standing. I have often put in (for better
or worse) a word or two of explanation
when the difference of conditions between
here and Europe seemed to me to justify
it.

A few days ago it occurred t"o me that I
have at least made one mistake. I often
said that it must be remembered that the
users of movable frame hives in Europe
work for extracted honey exclusively or prac-
tically so. And that is true. But here
in America working for extracted honey,
if I mistake not, is understood invariably as
giving to the bees all the empty combs tnoy
may need even if it is necessary to extract
those already filled during the honey flow
and return them to the bees. In Europe,
it is customary to wait till late and extract
all together. It is very seldom that a
bee-keeper has enough combs to fully ac-
commodate all his colonies. The result is
that almost every colony receives a few
combs and a number of Jrames 'sometimes
filled with foundation, but more often with
only starters.

So these colonies are really in a condi-
tion not very unlike ours when working
for comb honey; or, more properly, for
chunk honey, and this should be borne in
mind.

AN EXPLANATION.
Before going Into the papers before me, I
think a little explanatory preface would not
be amiss. As insisted on, time and again,
lately, the conditions under which a bee-
keeper operates should be fully understood
before a safe opinion can be rendered in
regard to his assertions. "Locality," that
is, climate, time of the year, nature of the
flow, kind of hives used, methods of man-

PROGRESSIVE BOX-HIVE BEE-KEEP-
ERS.

The American reader may not be much
surprised to read that the number of box-
hives or straw -hives, is, in Europe, several
times greater than the number of movable
frame hives, but he may be surprised to learn
that a number of the very best bee-keepers
and writers there prefer the box- hives, and,
furthermore, get as good results from them
as others do from the frame hives.

However, there are box-hives and box-
hives. The right kind consists of a brood
nest and a super of sufficient size. When
the flow comes, the super is put on and is
filled, if there is enough bees in the hive
and enough nectar in the flowers. The
swarming question is managed on some plan
more or less similar to our "shook swarm-
ing." This being kept in mind, will often
help to understand some of the statements
made in this department, which otherwise
might appear inconsistent.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

229

FLAT FOOLISHNESS.
Mr. Forestier, who lives In the French-
peaking- part of Switzerland, made some
ixperiinents last summer to ascertain
whether the bees recognize each other or
ather those of the saine hive by their odor.
le first ascertained the effect on his own
lands. He washed them thoroughly, and
hen rubbed them with the "juice" obtained
)y crushing the drones from a certain hive.
Then he proceeded to open the hive, handle
he frames, bees, etc. Not a sting was
eceived, the bees even ran quietly over his
lands, like they did on their own combs.
But when he attempted to do the same
vith a different colony, the stings came fast
md furious. The experiment was repeated
several times with the same results except
ccasionally during higli w-inds or very hot
Breather, when the operator received a few
itlngs. This may be explained from the
act that a high wind would carry away
he "juice's" odor and leave only the na-
ural odor of the hands. In hot weather,
he abundant perspiration evidently spoiled
he program.

The next was to try on bees. The re-
sults were the same. A bee washed in
greatly diluted alcohol and then daubed with
'juice" from the drones of another hive is
well received in the hive from which the
drones were taken, from; but invariably
killed or repulsed when presented to her
own home. The experiment was also made
with the two queens with the same result.
Mr. Forestier suggests that this might fur-
nish another "infallible" method of intro-
ducing queens. — Bulletin de la Suisse Ro-
mande.

WHY NOT TRY THE PIGS?
Somebody has suggested that very dark,
unsalable honey would be a splendid horse
feed; that is, mixed with the usual grain
and hay ration.

QUEEN CELLS.
An English queen breeder, Mr. H. W.
Brice, is quoted as saying that when a queen
is removed, two sets of queen cells are start-
ed, the nrst on larvae already hatched, the
second two days later, or about, on larvae
that were not hatched yet when the re-
moval took place. The first batch may num-
ber from three to fifteen, the second, only
two or three, perhaps only one. The queens
from the second batch are the best.

PROBABLY CORRECT.
The remark has been made that some-
times the strongest colonies fail to give
the amount of surplus that their size would
lead to expect. Mr, Klein thinks in such
cases the proper proportion between old and
young bees does not exist. That they have
been strong only a short time, brood rearing
having only developed just before the flow.
He says that a colony not well supplied
with brood on May 1st is not likely to be
well supplied with bees on May 20th and
will scarcely be well supplied with honey
on June 15th. He insists on the necessity
of having the colonies strong when going
into winter quarters, so a large amount of
brood can be raised early enough to fur-
nish field bees when the flows come.

TAKE IT WITH A GRAIN OF SALT.

Mr. H. Fontaine proposes a new way of
managing bees for extracted honey. Some-
how or other, he placed once in a hive
some pieces of broken combs in a horizontal
position. To his surprise, he found that the
bees were using them as well as if they
had been in their usual position. This gave
him the idea of using in the surplus apart-
ments combs made with double artificial
base of wood or metal placed horizontally
and having cells only on the upper side.
The upper base, to which the cells would be
attached, should be perforated with small
holes. As fast as the bees would put the
honey in the cells it would run through these
holes and between the two pieces of the
double base and from there in any conven-
ient kind of receptacle. The best part of
the story is that a trial made with a small
piece of comb thus constructed has suc-
ceeded.— L'Apiculteur.

WINTERING.
The editor of a German paper says that
when the bees have eaten all the honey
around them they can not always pass to
other comVs and sometimes not even move
toward the other end of the combs. There-
fore, the frames ought to be tall enough
and of such width and number, that the
honey is above the cluster. The bees can
always move up; that is, the cluster, no
matter how compact it Is, because the heat
produced rises also and they can follow
with it. He also prefers the frames across
the entrances so as to break the air cur-
rents.

WATCH IT NEXT YEAR.
From a Hungarian paper, the statement
is quoted, that after a colony swarms, a
part of the cells are destroyed while there
are no queens in the hive. In that case
it is always the po.nt of the cell that is
gnawed. Often whea two or more cells
are close together, one will be left untouched.
Frequently good cells will be destroyed
while insignificant ones are unmolested. The

230

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

apiarist who reported this, Mr. Inkos, says
he has observed this very often.

November

Second Day.

MORNING SESSION.— 9:30 A. M.
How Many Bees Shall a Man Keep?— E
D. Townsend, Remus, Mich.

Short Cuts In Bee-Keeping. — M. A. Gill

THEY INDICATE THE FLOW.
Mr. De Layens, by observations taken for
two months on 39 colonies, found that the Longmont, Colo,
number of ventilating bees corresponds to
the amount of honey gathered. The observa-
tions were taken in the early morning, that Junction, Colo,
being the only time of the day when the Question Box
exact number of ventilating bees can be AFTERNOON SESSION.-2 -00 P M

IT ;. ''r' TT °' ''""'^ ^"'"""'"^ The Control Of increase.-!,. Stacheihausen
was ascertamed from a colony on Converse, Texas.
scales. The highest number of ventilat-

Producing Both Comb and Extracted Honej
on the Same Colony. — Jas. A. Green, Granc

ing bees was 70. He considers 20 as the
index of a good colony. If from day to
day the number of ventilating bees is plated
on a chart and on the same chart, the daily
Increase of weight from the colony on scales,
both curves will correspond. The conclu-
sion is that the chief object of ventilation is
to evaporate the nectar brought in. — L'Api-
culteur.

SWITZERLAND.

MORE TOP ENTRANCES.
A correspondent tried removing the entrance Mich

Migratory Bee-Keeping. — R. F. Holterman
Brantford, Canada.
Question Box.

EVENING SESSION. — 7:30 P. M.
Contagious Diseases Among Bees and Ho^
to Distinguish Them. — Dr. W^m. R. Howard
Ft. VPorth, Texas.

Experimental Apiculture. — Dr. E. E. Phil-
ips, Washington, D. C.

Third Day.
MORNING SESSION. — 9:30 A. M.
The Honey Producers League. — Can It
Help Bee-Keepers? — R. D. Taylor, Lapeer,

above the brood nest with two colonies. One
of them did not do very well at first. It
was then discovered that the bottom board
did not fit well. After this defect was remed-
ied, everything went well, the colony filled
12 frames of surplus, extracted honey and
one frame of American sections. (The size
of the frames is not given.)

The second filled nearly three supers; that
is 86 pounds, and a frame of sections. Both
gave considerably more than any of the
colonies having the entrance below. In
that locality, 40 pounds is considered a big
yield. — Bulletin de la Suisse Romande.

The Business End of Bee-Keeping. — N. B,
France, Platteville, Wis.

Successful Experience in Making Honej
Vinegar. — H. M. Arnd, Cliicago, 111.
Question Box.

AFTERNOON SESSION.— 2 :00 P. M.
In What Way Can Bee-Keepers Secur«
Their Supplies at Lower Prices? — -W. H.
Putnam, River Falls, Wis.

How the Producer and Dealer May Ad-
vance Their Mutual Interests. — Fred W.
Muth, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Question Box.

EVENING SESION. — 7:30 P. M.
What Have We to Hope for from the Non-
Swarming Hive? — L. A. Aspinwall, Jackson,
Mich.

Poultry Keeping for the Bee-Keeper. — E.

Arrangements have been completed for T. Abott, St. Joseph, Mo.
holding the meeting in Chicago, at the W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Sec.

Revere House, corner of Michigan and Clark

streets, on the 5th, 6th and 7th of Decern- Quotll Lincoln: — "YoU can fool all

ber, 1905. This hotel can accommodate at of the people SOme of the time and
least 300 bee-keepers, and the rates are 75 some Of . the people all Of the time,
cents for a room alone, or 50 cents each but you Cannot fool all the people all

where two occupy the same room. Meals ^^q time." As true to-day as when he

are extra, or they may be secured at nearby ^aid It

restaurants.

First Day. „„ . , , , j. ,i

EVENING SESSION.-? :30 P. M. ^^''^^'^ '''''' ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^'^""^ ^^'^^

PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL
CON\^ENTION.

Wax-Rendering Methods and Their Faults.

seem. Better loolc beneath the sur-
face.

— O. L. Hershiser, Buffalo, N. Y.

Can the Tariff on Comb Honey be Tinkered
With to the Advantage of the U. S. Bee- You will find it first in the Bee-

Keeper? — Hildreth and Segelken, New York. Keeper.

bd 1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

231

TUB

American Bee=Keeper

If you are not m subscrihoi- to the
Bee-Keeper, try it for a year. It will
save you many dollars.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY.

THE W. T. FAllcONER MFG. CO.

Proprietors.

PUBLISHING OFFICE, - - - Fort Pierce Fla.
HOME OFFICE. Falconer, N. Y.

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TER3IS:

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THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

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Articles for publication or letters exclusive-
ly for the editorial department may be ad-
dressed to H. E. HIL/L,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper In blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay in favoring us with a renew-
al.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates
that you owe for your subscription. Please
give the mattter your early attention.

BMtortal.

We bave no "ax to grind," no hob-
bies to exploit. We are Avorking for
your good. Your -success means ours
also.

A correspondent in Matanza,s pro-
vince, Cuba, anticipates another "big
year" for the Cuban honey producer
next season.

Do you itch — to get all the wax
from the old combs? Then scratch —
"claw over" the scalding hot mass
ii: your wax press. You will get hot,
scald your fingei\s, perhaps swear,
dirty the kitchen, put your wife out
of sorts, upset the whole family, and
after all get only part of the wax.

I'assing strange that coincident
with the death of the Government'.s
Caucasian queen a certain firm should
be informed of it and discover that
they possessed two from which they
would sell stock. This reminds us
that the present acting head of the
department is a protege of said firm.
Who said graft?

The Fred W. Muth Company, our
Cincinnati correspondent, desires to
call attention of shippei's to the fact
that prices quoted in our columns, are
tliose at which it sells and not its
buying prices. It is important that
producers make a note of this, as a
failure to do so may result in dlsap-
jiointment. This company, whicn
deals very extensively in apiarian
[iroducts, advises that reports from
different parts of the country imlicare
an almost total failure of the comb
honey crop, excepting points at tha
North. That it has been a aismal
failure in Florida, the v^ditor of The
Bee-Keeper knows by experience.

Through a regretable oversight
the illustrated article printed last
month on pages 106-107, "Bee Experts
Hunt Queens for Prizes," was not
credited to the Philadelphia North
American, from which journal it was
taken, by courtesy of the publishers.

With the approach of winter each
season comes a flood, of inquiries from
our northern friends in regard to
Florida. Sometimes the exhaustive
lists of questions would require an
additional con-espondence clerk in our
oflice to give them all careful atten-
tion. So great seems the interest
at times that we have wondered If
our readers in general would not ap-
preciate having one issue of The Bee-
Keeper transformed into a Florida
number, and devoted almost entirely
to information regarding "The Land
of Flowers." If such an inclination
were evinced we should, gladly do so;
but to answer the thousands of ques-
tions privateis' is a practical impos-
sibility.

232

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

November,

CAUCASIANS.

The last issue of Gleanings says
"The American Bee-Keeper for Octo-
ber is inclined to regard the Caucasi-
ans 'as the most worthless race of
bees that has ever been offer. \1 to
the American public, and it would
advise caution on tlie part of those
who think of investing in them. Editor
Hill may be right. Dr. D. E. Lyon, on
the other hand, who has a colony of
these bees, is very enthusia.stic over
them. He says he can jerk tlie hive
open in cool weather, without smoke,
and the bees will not resent it. He
regards them as a valuable acquisition.
The one or two colonies we have seen
vseem to he quite gentle; but rhe bees
were too young at the time of my ex-
amination to form anything like an ac-
curate opinion of their temper. How-
ever. Gleanings believes they are
worth te>sting. and looks with' much
favor on the effort of tbe general gov-
ernment to obtain tnem fron' the Cau-
casus, and import them into the United
States. One serious objection to them I
see i'S that those we have look so much
like black bees (much more than the
Carniolans) that it would be almost
impossible to determine by their mark-
ings whether they were pure or not,
especially if raised in a vicinity where
black drones were present."

The American Bee-Keeper has on
several occasions expressed a belief
that the Caucasians were probably the
gentlest race of bees knoA^ni. though
the editor has demonstrated by more
recent experience that at least some
Punic*^ are quite as gentle as the
Caucasians witb which he has had
experience. It appears from the fore-
going (luotation that gentlenas« is the
only virtue claimed either by Bro.
Root or Dr. Lyon, and we think few
apiarists would care to invest much
cash in "gentleness" bereft of other
merits. Those who keep bees usually
do ^so with another object than comfort
in view; and we have .some slight
Itasis for a belief that freedom from
stings and innumerable queen celhs are
about the only protluct aAvaiting the
bee-keeper who banks exclusively on
the Caucasian.

The characteristic gentleness of the
Caucasian has been explained bv their
e(iually characteristic lack of "energy
—they are too lazy to sting.

ANOTHER POSTAL CARD FROM
"PAT."
^lany of our readers, we know, will
be pleased to have fresh tidings from
the indomitable "Pat."" who a few
.A-ears ago went to Cuba with the evi-
dent intention of saving all the nectar
secretion of the island not taken care
of by his predecessons there. Occasion-
ally Pat gets hold of a postal card,
and favors The Bee-Keeper with a
brief account of his "doings; and the
last, under date of Sept. 18, bears the
bad news that last season he lost about
seven hundred colonies, "most part
of which died from hungry and dis-
eases," he writes. He has four hun-
dred colonies left with which to be-
gin the coming season. It is sincerely
to be ho])ed that no more of his force
may succumb to either "hungry" or
di.sease.

it

»j

LOOKING BACKWARD.
The Subject of Queen-rearing as
Appeared to Mr. Davis Twenty
Years Ago.
In this i^sue of The Bee-Keeper will
be found the sixth of the series of
articlas. "Sixty Years Among thei 'f
Bees."' by :\Ir. W. J. Davis, which'
brings the subject down to the "min-
ute.""

Believing that those readers who
have foilowetl Mr. Davis" lettersf?'
would be interested in some of his ""
earlier Avritings, we present herewith
an essay written by Mr. Davis some
tAventy-three years ago and read be-
fore the NortJi-Eastern Bee-Keepers'
Association at Utica, N. Y., Januaiy
25. 1882. It is a masterly discourse
and is characteristic of the produc-
tions of this eminently able veteran:
Mi-. Pre-sident and :\Iembers of the
North-Easteni Bee-Keepers' Associ-
ation:
I have not egotism enough to sup-
pose that I can instruct members of
so intelligent a body of apiarists of
the old Empire State, in any depart-
ment of our fascinating pursuit, es-
pecially the one assigned me (by your
affable secretaiy) which lies at the
foundation of successful bee culture,
and any effort to do so would be but
reflecting back a glimmer of the light
received from that ])ioneer of practi-
cal and scientific bee-culture, Mr.
Quinby, of your State. Your large

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„,.-.. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 233

,Hl prosperous association is to my watched the result. All were snpplitKl
nn,l an evidence of the enthusiasm with the same kind of food, some
(. labored to awaken in a Ions neslect- wonld become dormant in a short
1 indnsti-y. His pen enriched the time while othws would live several
■I r-i of the auricultural press in days.

,mr State in ante bee-journal days, I know no better term than to say
11(1 led manv a fji-opins' noA-ice from the latter possessed more vigor, or
irkness into light. Mav the names power of endurance, and as the queen,
f rangc^troth and Quinby never be so would be her worker progeny,
r"otten while a flower blooms and easily chilled in summer or winter

bee's wing cuts the summer air in or possessing the power of resisting
lis fair land of ours. unfavorable surroundings.

In the consideration of our subject 2. Beauty. Men love the beautiful
e shall go bevond the mere mechani- wherever seen. "Beautiful women,
al part of queen-rearing, for I ad- beautiful landscapes, beautiful homes,
i-ess a convention of bee masters, beautiful fiower-s. beautiful honey,
ot noAiccs. and first consider the beautiful bees. Some men may pro-
biect to be attained. TTiat the fess a contempt for the beautiful, but
ueen bee is the "mainspring" of the we don't believe their professions, and
Ive there will probablv be none to if forced to take thein at their word
ues'tion and to produce her ladyship we soiTOwfully admit them to be
1 the way that shall develop the moral monsters. But we hope there
ighest excellence, such as vigor, are none such in onr fraternity. The
eauty longevit:\', gentleness, etc., flimsy as,sertion of some, that we
hould be the aim" of everv bee-keeper, -sacrifice productive Industry as the
rhether he rears queens bevond the price of beauty In our bees is not
rants of his own colonies or not. sustained by analogy, or unprejudiced
^ 1.^1- ,-,.fr. +1-.*^ inwq that experience. To possess the highest
o Vi-n"th:% oduc«on of'^an mal Me tn- of stock of any kind Is a -source
.e find that one law ohtains, from of pleasure. To have our customers
Li low through all the grades of «ay: "Tlie queen you sent me is the
wer a iina l^fe! viz: "The animal handsomest one I ever saw' is cer-
fte? his kind." t^^i"!-^' l'l^^^«=^"t to say the least.

While climate, food and surronnd- 3. Longevitj\ It is a fact that some
iigs have their influence, man is still queens die after having laid eggs but
aan, whether barbarons or enlight- a few weeks, while others live and
ned", and his domestic animals when prosper four or five years. All life
ired" with any special peculiarity or insurance companies are particular
rait in view, have developed the to inquire as to thie longevity of the
raits desired. While there are many parents of the applicant for a policy
lesirable traits in our present strain of insurance claiming to calculate the
if Italian bees that shonld be fostered risk Avith mnch certainty. I shall
n breeding, I have named but four, assume that the same rule holds good
leeming that further enumeration in the breeding of bees, and that a
vould make our essay undesirably long-lived queen will be more likely
ono;_ to produce long-lived queens and

The first trait, vigor, strength, Avorkers than one that lived to be only
tower of endurance. As bee-keepers one year old. It Mill readily be seen
ve do not want all onr hopes blasted that if we can add but one week to
>y the occurrence of unusually severe the average life of the w-orking-foree
vinters. which are liable to occur in of Uie hive, we have added largely
>ur variable climate. That one colony to the profits of the apiary. A week
>f bees lives and another by its side- of addetl life to the worker bees would
lies under preciselv the same con- be a week of active outdoor hibor.
litions is evidence of different powers To rear bees that die off quickly
)f endurance. (comparatively) is a profitless pur-

I have different times exposed a suit,
lumber of laying queens, confined I deem it a very great mistake to
without workers, in cages, to a low suppose that the queen that can lay
■emperature for be&s singly, and the greatest amonnt of eggs m a

-'^-^ THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Noyemb€

given time is therefore a desirable to another at intervals of about ti
queen. If we assume that the queen days, or the reuioval of brood fro
bee IS capable of laying 500,000 eggs the hive of -said queen mother
diinng her life, shall we have them my own practice I prefer to remo-
laid in two years or four? In my the queen, and queens produced 1
early experience with the Italians, I the removal of tbe queen mother
had queens that would keep 10 L any time when a good degree
frames and all the surplus capacity actiAity exists in the hive with plen
I could give them full of brood, the of bees, brood and eggs, and increa
bees during the clover harvest work- ing stores. I have never been able
ing for dear life to feed the baby bees discover that thev were in any ws
which in a short time were to be only inferior to tho-se produced bv iiatur
useless consumers. If there be any swarming, while those reared out
spot on earth M'here the honey flow is season certainlv are inferior 2d i
abundant and peiDetual my argument what age vshall" the queen mother b
would not apply, but that place is I take it that with the queen bee ;
not A^ estem Pennslvania. with man and all onr domestic ki

I found that such stocks, while mals, there is a period of greate
they yielded an undesu-able increase, vigor, and there are times wheth
never gave me any surplus honey or perceptible or imperceptible of gainii
even provided themselves with sur- or declining strength. Hence in s-
ficient winter stores, while other lecting queen mothers, I would alii
stocks with far less brood would give avoid the extremes of life; I wou
a good yield of suri>lus honey and well not breed from a queen less than oi
tilled combs of winter stores; and or more than three years old— pro
sub.sequent years of experience have ably the best age is the summer th;
fully satisfied me that excessive breed- the mother bee is two years ol
iiig IS not a ti-ait to be desired in About ten or eleven years since
the coming bee," but longevity is. purchased an Italian queen from (;

4. Gentleness or amiabilitj^ of tern- that time) a prominent breeder wl
per. The -sting of the bee is bad Pi-ofes-sed to have reared ,six gen,
enough even to professional apiarists I'ations of queens in one season, ar
but they are not the only ones I gness he had. Without assumir
atfected by the presence of vicious it a* a fact in beeology, I would su
bees. We claim the right to keep luit it as an hypothesis that the co
bees in ^'illages, incorporated towns tinned breeding of queens from youi
and cities, and if we, as bee-keepers, 'ineens will stimulate to excessiA
tolerate cross bees, they and we must breeding at the expense of vigo
grew more and more in disfavor longevity, and honey storing qualitie
with the people and ordinancas for -"^s to how to produce the gieatei
their removal from such places will number of queens, shall form no pa:
become more frequent. In short, of this essay, as bee-keeping has su
eveiy consideration of Avistlom, peace, fered enough from that sonrce. ]
and comfort dictates the suppression queen breeders would kill at sigl
of tlie vicious type of onr honey bees, every objectionable queen and se

Having thus defined some of the '^^'^ *" numbers at a better price
qualities to be kept in view in rearing ^'0"ltl be quite as well for the breede
queens. Ave will next consider briefly ^^'^ much better for the purchase:
Avhen and how to proceed. Ist. Vigor- ^^^I^av me to wish you a happy an
ous long-lived queens cannot be reared '^^^^■^'essful sas-sion of your associatio
much outside the swarming season, ''^"^^ ^ prosperons year for the bles-se
and no interference of man can pro- ^^^^ ^^^'^ ^'^*^"" owners.
duce better queens than the old-fash- W. J. Davis,

ioned Avay of natural swarming, pro- Youngsville, Pa.

viding the SAvarming colonies are of

the type above indicated. But Avhen "^^'•^' *^'^''" ^^^^ ^'^ ^^''^^^ know them.

the supi)ly of queen mothers is very

limitetl the process is quite too slow T'lere is more solid and valuabi
Hence Ave must resort to the removal '"'^^t^i' '^^ ^'ic^ issue of the Bee-Keepe
of the queen mother from one colony ^^^^" ^^ **^^ ^'^^^ space in any othe

bee-paper.

EC

lai

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

9or>.

.ABELS FOR EXTRACTED HON-
EY.

We are in receipt of a sample lioney
abel recently put out l)y General Man-
.^er France, of the National Asso-
hition. and which is intended for u.se
»n tin cans. While the effort is com-

'-' mendible upon the part of Mr.

' ^'rance, the product of his efforts in
his line are obviously a flat failure.
Mr. France has utterly failed to
;atch the spirit of the times, in this
ine. which i« soaring to the zenith of
irt's enchanting realm. The modern
abel is "a thing of beauty," and dis-
jlays the handiwork of the world's
Host skillful artists. Tlieir little
,"olor schemes are perfect gems of
larmony, displayed in design that
•annot offend the most cultured eye.
Such labels attract and please- -they
jxcite admiration and induce pvirchas-
.'s. They are inviting; and wield an
influence over the public that results
in substantial gain to the manufact-
urer, packer or bottler whose good
taste and business foresight they
portray.

:Mr. France's new label is identical
in appearance to that seen forty years
ago in almost old alley or garbage
dump where the proverbial Billy Goat

" was wont to luxuriate upon tomato
can.s and other such delicacies tlius
decorated.

We tTOst that ^Nlr. France may
take a lesson from the wares of the
National Biscuit Company, the Anco
people, and such progre-ssive houses.
Such a line of labels would doubtless
meet with popular favor, and prove
a successful business enterprise for
the manufacturer.

235

From the viewpoint of Tlie Bee-
Keeper, the most beautiful picture
that has ever graced the pages of an
American beo journal, is that jtresent-
ed as a frontispiece to the October
numlier of The Bee-Keepers' Review.
The subject i^s simply a lot of
"quartered" sections of comb honey.
as displayed by the Canadians at their
great Industrial exibition at Toronto
each year. The transparency of
shadows and true color valuas are
r.Midoi-o.i to a degree of perfection
seldom fountl outside of journals
of the highest class. We congratulate
The Review.

Take the time to look about your
ainary and workshop and gather up
all bits of comb and wax, go over all
your stored combs and. cut out the
poor ones or poor spots, drone comb,
etc. If the lower part of the comb
in a frame is so old and leathery as
to be unused by the bees— the lower
inch or two is often thus— cut about
three inche.s off the lower part of the
comb. All the scraps thus gathered
contain good wax which when re-
fined you can sell for a good price.
The work will pay well for the time
it takes.

The Bee-Keepers' Review rings a
bullseye when it says: "As a rule
Italian bees are gentle enough for
anybody. If the Caucasians possess
some qualities that are really superior
to those of the Italians, it will be well
to consider them, but, on the score of
gentleness, we need nothing better
than the Italians."

Cuba, N. Y., Sept. 29, 1905.

Editor Bee-Keeper:

Under the heading, "Bee Culture
Investigations, Etc.," in the Year
Book just issued by the Department
of Agriculture, page 86, we find: "The
frequent statements that comb honey
can be artificially manufactured, have
been found to be absolutely false, and
the purchaser who gets his honey in
the comb may rest assured that he
is getting an article manipulated at
least by tlie bees."

Permit me to ask if this can be any
"thuser?"

This is, I think, a fair and true
statement of the situation.

Would it not be prudent to call the
attention of eveiTone to page 86 of
the Year Book for 1904?

Fred G. Hill.

Don't forget the National Conven-
tion at Chicago, December 5, 6 and 7.
Neither should yon forget yonr over-
coat, mittens and an extra pair or
two of "sox."

L'Apicoltore gives a receipt for
honey shoe blacking. It should be
good for bald-headed men— draw the
flies to their shoes.

236

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. November,

,v ^^^^J n" Alfalfa. as it throws, out new blossoms, which

(From AA alia ces Farmer.) happen mostly six times in the year

Governor Hoard, of HoardVs Dairy- and four at the veiw least Ou-ei

man. has of late been brushing up his should be taken to prevent it from

Latin and came across ,some in.struc- running- to seed. a,s it is much more

tions given by Fliny. written about ^•aluable a-s fodder up to the third

XlT'^A '"' ""' ?"'"^'^ ?^'"^'^ '■'''''■■ " ^^-"'^^ ^- i-"!^ in the sp S
ti.pv ; ''^'''^.'.^"' '■*^'''^^'"'' ^^^^^^'- «"rt cleared of all other plants and

ther^inler; n """ ''^'' ^"" *°'' *" '''' ''''''' ^'^^^^ the .surface should

lathei inteiesting. be well worked with the weeding

Lucerne is by nature an exotic to hook. By adopting this method the

Greece eA-en, It having been first intro- weeds will be effectuallv deXyed

M ;*;;/;;,? that coimti-y nx^m Media, though without detriment to he lS

..t the tune of the Persian wars with cerne, in consequence of the depth

King Darius: still it deserves to be of its roots
mentioned among the veiy first of "if the weeds should happen to get

Sties tb?t'"'- ^^^ f"^'"""-" "^'" ^'^ '^'^^'-^^^ ^^' '*• '''^ ^'"1^' remedy^i,s to ti^n

qualities, tbat a single sowing will it up repeatedlv with the plow until

last more than thirty years. the roots of the weed-s are {horoughiy

"It resembles, trefoil in appearance, destroyed uioiougmy

In"fl/^''^ff "f """'^ ^T^' '''"^ '''■^^'■"- "^^^^^^^ f«^^^l^^' «liould never be given

^ n t, ^ ^■''' -^ .f ^''■' ^" *^^ t'^ ^'^t"^ t^ ^'-^tiety. otherwise it may

s a k. the narrower is the leaf. Am- be neces.sary to let blood; it is best

Philochus devo ed a whole book to too. when used while gi4en When

this subject and the Cyt sus. diT it becomes tough and ligneous

1 he ground m which it is sown and falls away at least into thhi u-se

being first cleaned and cleared of less dust"

fAT"' J-%*"/'"'^'\ "1' i" ^''^ *''"^"""' It will be noticed in the above that

t i thPnt.'. '' "'?"'"'' '^"^\l>arrowed. even our most advanced alfalfa grow:

It is then hariwed a second and third ens at the experiment stations have

tune at interva s of five days; after not made very much impmvemen on

which manure is laid upon it. Tbis the old method. Those who at emp^

full of nutriment, or else a well to substitute the disk for the hoe and

watered one. After the ground has the mower for the weeding hook

been thus preijarecl, the seed is put There i-s after all not veiy much at

in in the month of May. for if vsown most, new under the sun

earlier, it is in danger from the frt>sts '

It is necessary to sow the seeds veiy Best Kind of Hive Tools.

thick, so that all the ground mav be v u r . i, ,
occupied, and no room left for weeds "■' ''°""'' ^"jo'u",faK '" ''^"^''^" ^^^

to shoot up in the intervals- a rp«nif tt n

which mav be secured Iw sowing • ^'^i'^^'-^' « ^^'^^k pa.sses without hay-
twenty modii m;arh fortv ESish "!- ^T^i r^^i^^''^^^^^^ ^^^^'-^ '"^^ to "best
gallonis. to the itigerum ^f 02 a^res u7l ^^^' ^""^^i-ated and described

"The seed must bP ^tivr-prat ^^ '" °"^ °^ ^^^'^ ot our bee journals.

With a iS rprevent the \ui fi-Z tT'" '''"^T'' '''' ^'^^ ^" '''^'^'^'^^

scorching it. nu^ nZ.mi:Z::Z ^/^ ^n "Sidlf ^o^^%^'^

over With earth as speedily as pos- .^^^^^1.^^' V'Vlr^

"If the soil i« nnfiivoiT^ 1 ^^^^^' *^" "' the season, when my

weeclv the Lee ne w T beTve" "^'"/'""^'V/"' ^'^ "^^"''^''^^•^^ ^"^-"^-^ '^^
powered, and tl e spot degene^ateTtn T "'T^''^'' something stronger may

an or,linary pasturrit fs nSessarv if "'T/''^' T^ '" •'""'* "''^'^^ ^ 1^"«^
therefore, lirectlv the cron is^^Tno^,' ^^'" "^ ''''*^''' *^'^t the oid-time

in heigh . to lisei4gc> t f;oni . ^^-^^^'fl'-'vei-. A correspondent in

,:l;i:ii'z i^ ^^s^t^ i? - ™"''- -■"- ^" ^a

, a iu luis is repeated as often is "powerful enough to tear the coA-er

1005.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

237

ri :;

off a hive or tlie roof off a house, if
yon have leverage enough." He also
ndds that it worlvs well with propoliz-
ed frames. Presume he means Hoff-
,iiian frames, of the kind Editor Hutch-
nson i-s railins: at.

Be Careful of Quality of Winter
Stores. — In view of ai)i)roaching- win-
ter, and the necessity of having good
winter storas in the hives, Ave feel,
with the "American Bee-Keeper" to
caution our readers Avho live in cities,
towns and villages against permitting
their bee-s storing the .iuice of electric
currents."

Apiaries and Babies. — That exten-
sive Californian apiarist, J. F. Mcln-
tyre, in an article in June "Review,"
.says: "It is my opinion that a man
cannot mn out-apiaries and be as
hajijiy as he was when one apiary,
one wife and two or three babies were
all he had." The "American Bee-Keep-
er" wonders if we are to infer from
thi-s that he adds a wife and set of
ba1»ies Avith each apiary. While not
in a position to answer the question
positively, I would presume that such
was not the ease, a,s, aside from Mr.
;McInt:^'re being a former Canuck, to
the best of my knowledge such com-
binations and privileges are only
customai-y in the vicinitv of Salt Lake
City.

Foul Blood Preventives.

From The Irish Bee Journal.

In reply to our friend Spyglass
(page 50) the one preventivef?) that I
really object to is naphthaline. I con-
sider that it must ha^-e as bad an
etfer-r on the constitution of the bees
as it would have on us if we were con-
tinually kept in an atmosphere un-
natvn-ally impregnated with same. I
do most strongly believe in natural
conditions for man and all created
things. Nature has provided the right
conditions for us. and it is folly to
think we are wiser than -she. When
men or othei- animals become diseased,
it is most certainly due tO' some ti'ansu
gression of natural law, consciously
oi- unconsciously, either by them or
tlieir * ancestors. Nature before all
things takes elaborate precaution-s to
preserve and perpetuate life. Man
by giving right conditions can sO' assist
the operation of beneficial natural
laws that he actually seems^ to im-

pr(ne nature. He can and docs breed
])lants and animals practicall.v im-
mune to disease by selecting continu-
ally from those po-ssessing the greatest
measure of natural immunitj'; along
these lines lies our greatest source
of ho])e in dealing with bees. It is
certain that if natural immunity had
not existed in some indivi<luals the
AA'hole human race would ere now be
extinct from consumi)tion and similar
diseases, and so avouUI the Iiee-s. I
do not decry artificial preventatives.
Naphthol Beta used temporarily may
do good. I use Izal in medicating
the food in spring and annually allow
the bees to transfer themselves from
the old to new combs. Bees bred in
new clean combs have a better chance
of health than those bred in old and
dirty ones, and the expense of their
annual renewal i-s trifling. I have
escaped foul brood after four years
in close proximity to infected stocks
(about 100 yards distant). Naturally
I put faith in my theories and in my
system. I use naphthaline in veiT
large (luantities among my empty
store combs, and find it keeps away
moths most effectually. I get good
honey crops in the AA'or-st years, when
in many cases, my neighbors get vei*y
little. If all bee-keepersi will be as
vigilant as I am and prove to their
neighbors that hard work pays, they
may do a good deal tO' induce them
to take equal pains. It is absolute
folly for anyone tO' take up beekeeping
with the idea that it is an ea-sy way
of making money. It is not easy,
there are no gains without pains. Let
that fact be hammered home by all
bee lecturers, and we shall not have
so many unsuitable persons mshing
into the business to their own loss
and to the general injury of the craft.
Why should we be so foolish as to
enlist persons indiscriminately. It
is utter folly to do so. Foul Virood
will never cease while this class is
drawn upon. They must be discourag-
ed. There are plent^^ of good men
besides. — Yours faithfully, W. J.
Farmer, ConiAvall, August 2nd.

The apicultural "chestnut" crop is
increasing. Wake up brethren and
saA" something original.

Self deceit is the mO'St disastrous.

"Do you keep a bee?" This "chest-
uut" Avas sprung on a bee-man at a
recent agricultural show and he and
Bro. Putnam took it seriously, Bro.
Putnam enlarging upon it at some
length as eA'idence of the ignorance
of nonbee-keepers. We thought the
editor of the Rural had a "saving
sense of humor" and did not have to
request his contributors to label their
jokes as some of oui? contemporaries
do.

In the "B" Class.

:\I:iry had a -s^-arm of bees
And they to save their lives,

Must go wherever Mary went
'Cause Mary had the hives.

—Saturday Evening Post.

Chicago Aug. 4. — Fancy white, 14; No.
white, 13@13%; fancy amber, 11@12; N
1 amber, 9@10; fancy dark, 10; No. 1 darl
9; white extracted. 6@7; amber 5@6; darl
5@5%; beeswax, 28. The new crop is ai
pearing and selling in a fair way considei
ing that it is midsummer.

R. A. Burnett & Co

Brilliants.

In spite of the stare of the wise and

the world's derision,
Dare follow the star-blazed road, dare

follow the vision.

— Edward Markham.

Don't worry about a "slim" conven-
tion at Chicago. It will be a "packed
caucus'' if the "ringers" have their
way.

HONEY AND BEESWAX RIARKET.

Buffalo, Sept. 5. — We quote fancy white
new comb honey at 14-15c; No. 2, ll-12c; No.
3, 8-lOc. Old stock very dull and slow
sale at low prices. Demand for new crop
improving. Batterson & Co.

Kansas City, Mo., Sept. 7.— The market
on white comb honey, fancy, is very strong
at present, the demand exceeding the sup-
ply; 24 section cases selling at $3.00. Extract-
ed, fancy white, selling at 6 1/20 and Amber
and other grades at 5c up. Beeswax 28c per
pound. We look for the market to con-
tinue firm. C. C. demons & Co.

Cmcinnati, Oct. 6. — We are selling North-
ern comb honey at from 14-16c per lb by
the case. The demand for Extracted honey
IS about equal to the demand, which is good
We continue to sell amber in barrels at
5 1-4-6C. White Clover, 61/2-71/20. We
pay 30c per lb. for beeswax delivered here.
The Fred W. Muth Company.

51 Walnut St.

Denver, Oct. 2.— We quote our market to-
day as follows: No. 1 White Comb, per case
of 24 sections. $3.00; Light Amber and No.
2, per case, $2.75; Extracted honey, 6%-7y2c;
Beeswax, 24c for clean yellow.

Colorado Honey Producers' Association.

1440 Market St.

Chicago, Oct. 5. — The demand for com
honey is about as usual for the season (
year. Oeffrings from the surounding stat<
are fully equal to past season, but that froi
Colorado and the middle western states ai
not. No. 1 to Fancy White comb hone
sells at 13 @ 14c, with an occasional sale s
15c; off grades embracing crooked comb
etc., sell at ll@12c; Amber grades difflca
to place at 9@10c; Extracted White, 6@7i
according to kind, body, flavor and packagt
Ambers, 5%@6i^c; Beeswax selling upo
arrival at 30c if clean; off grades about 2
per lb. less.

R. A. Burnett & Co.

199 Water St.

Boston, Oct. 5. — Owing- to the warr
weather prevailing, the demand for hone
has not come up toprevious years. Thi!
together with the very large quantity be
ing carried over from last year, both b
jobbers and retailers, tends to keep th
price and demand down.

Fancy white comb, 15c; No. 1, 14c; Nc
2, 12c; Extracted honey, from 5% -7c.

Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

THE BEGINNER

In bee-keeping can find just the
information he needs in the Begin-
ners' Department of the Rural Bee-
Keeper.

The Amateur can find instruction in
our question department and $ $ $
in our market reports.

The Foreign born bee-keeper will
get news from home in our Beedom
Abroad.

The Professional can interchange
ideas with the best bee-keepers in
the world through the columns of
the Rural Bee-Keeper.

Subscribe now. $1 a year (month-
ly.)

Bee Hives and Supplies, all kinds.

Catalogue free.

REPRESENTED BT:

J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.

S. S. Huth & Son, San Antonio, Tex.

Morgan Bros., Vermillion, S. Dakota.

W. H. Putnam

RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIN

HERE'S YOUR CHANCE!

"^

tm

A PLi\N P.Y WHICH MAGAZINE LO\'ERS AIAY SECUK1-:

THE COSMOPOLITAN

AT REGULAR RATE AND

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Free

FOR ONE YEAR

Read everi' word of this announcement,
for it is the opportunity of years. This
year several magazines have increased
their subscription price, which shows
how much greater this offer really is.
Only a limited number will be sold at this
price, therefore we advise everyone to ac-
cept this without delay. When we have
received a certain number, we shall with-
draw the offer.

Cosmopolitan

having now passed to the ownership of
the most successful publishing house in
existence, the tiearst organization, will
shortly become the most widely read mag-
azine in America. Over

500,000 Copies a Month

will shortly be required to fill the demand,
while within the year it will outrank every
other magazine in this country. "The
best, no matter what it costs," is the motto
of its editors, therefore it will be in Cos-
mopolitan that vou will find the writers of
world-wide reputation; the matters on
which they write will be questions on pub-
lic tongue: its fiction will be masterpieces
of pen-craft; its whole contents will set
the standard for magazine perfection. We
cannot tell today who will be its contrib-
utors, for tomorrow's sun may shine upon
a new-born Conan Doyle, or the author of
another "David Ilaruni," and should such
be, you will find it in Cosmopolitan.

Our Extraordinary Offer

TO EITHER NEW OR OLD SUBSCRIBERS.

As noted above, we have secured a limited number of subscriptions to Cosmopolitan which
we offer as a premium with American Bee-Keeper, for one year as follows:

American Bee-Keeper, one year, = = $ .50 \
Cosmopolitan, one year. = = = = I.OO (

Fill oul this coupon— cut il oil— mail it TODAY— and secure the greatest bargain thai will ever be ollercd to the
reading public. Do il today, sure.

Both for only = = $1.00

CUT THIS COUPON OFF, AND SEND TODAY.

AMERICAN BEE-KFEFtR: Date

I accept your offer of American Bee-Keeper and Cosmopolitan, both for one year
for only $1.UU.

Name

Town..

S'treet .
State ..

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE YEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

W. J. DAVIS, 1st, YOUNGSVILLE, PA.,

breeder of choice Italian Bees and Queens
Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

DEWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHERERS.—

Reared under swarming impulse through-
out the year. Large, strong, healthy. Send
for card, 'Can I Control Swarming.' Original.
Untested, 75c.. 6 for ?5.00; tested, $1.50, 6
for $5.00. Choice, $2.50. High grade breeders,
$2.00 to $10. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barrington,
Mass.

QUEENS HERE. — We are still asking you
to give us your trade. We sell Italians,
Goldens and Carniolans at 7 5c for untested
and $1.00 for tested. Prices on quantities
and nuclei upon application. JOHN W.
PHARR, Berclair, Texas. Jan 6

SWARTHMORE APIARIES, SWARTH-
MOORE, PA. — Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
brightest Italians known. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. A e are breeding the Caucasians
ab^olutelv pure from direct imported stock.

W. W. CARY & SON, LYONSVILLE, MASS.

— Breeders of choice Italian bees and
queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalogue and price list free.

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN of

Italians become more and more popular
each year. Those who have Rested them know
why. Descriptive circular free to all. Write
J. P. MOORE, L. Box 1, 3Iorgan, Ky.

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES FOR SALE.—

I extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
THOS. WORTHINGTON, Leota, Miss. Aug5

PUNIC BEES. — All other races are discard-
ed, after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. JOHN HEWITT & CO.,
Sheffield, England. Jan6

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O.— Breeders
of Italian bees and queens.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St
Cincinnati, O. Standard Bred Red Clove
Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians an
Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Sen
for circular.

QUELNS from Ja:naica any day in the yeai
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the ver
finest strains. GEO. W. PHILLIPS, Sav-Lai
Mar P. O., Jamaica, W. I. 5-

D. J. BLOCKER, Pearl City, II.. — Breeder o

Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our stoc!

speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stocl

guaranteed. Free information. Jan

LAWRENCE C. MILLER has sold out hi

"Providence Queen" business to Cull & Wil
liams. Providence, R. I. See large ad else
where.

C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, O.— (Cor. Cen^
tral and Freeman Aves.) — Golden Yellow
Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred fron
select mothers in separate apiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring HiU, Tenn.— Has

greatly enlarged and improved his queen-
rearing facilities. Two unrelated Carniolans
and a dark leather Italian lately imported.
My own strains of three-band and golden:
"Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's golden; all
selects. Carniolans mated to Italian drones
when desired. No disease. Circular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an

exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie . Send for
free circular. Bellevue, Ohio. 5-B

HOOPER BROS.' Italian Queens reared in
the West Indies are the most isrolific and
give the best results available any time of
the year. Write at once for information to
Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. I., Box IG'Z.
Nov. 6.

^^Under this heading will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates._^

OHIO.

H. W. WEBER, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected, delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, write for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

5-5

VE are always in the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut
St., Cinoiimati, O. 5-5

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
A.SSOCIATION, 14 10 Market St., Denver,
Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. 5-5

Cent-a=Word Column.

AGENTS WANTED. — To sell advertising
novelties, good commission allowed. Send
for catalogue and terms. American Manu-
facturing Concern, Falconer, N. T.

CHE BUSY MAN'S 3IETHOD OF REARING
GOOD QUEENS. — This leaflet describes
the method used in rearing the Hardy
Honey Gatherers (read elsewhere), and if
carefully followed will produce queens of
great merit. No loss of brood, no cell-cups,
and but litttle time required. Large queens
under swarming impulse. Nothing artificial
about it. Every queen-breeder needs it.
Price 25 cents. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barring-
ton, 3Ias8.

[TALIAN and CARNIOLAN QUEENS.—

The Bankston Baby Nucleus and the
Bankston nursery cage. Untested queens
50 cents each; tested, 75c. Baby nucleus,
nailed ready for use, 3 5 cents. Nursery
cage, 35 cents by mail with printed in-
structions. C. B. BANKSTON, MUano, IVH-
lam County, Texas. Sep5

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing working stocks. A simple, sure satis-
factory plan. 2 5c. Baby Nuclei tells how
to mate many queens from sections with a
mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20 pic-
tures, 50c. Cell Getting tells how to save
labor in rearing queens, 5 0c. Queen rear-
ing outfits. Golden all-over and Caucasian
Queens. Circulars free. E. L. PRATT,
Swarthmore, Pa.

Please mention

The American Bee»Keeper

When writing to advertisers.

BEWARE

WHERE YOU BUY YOUR

BEEWARE

J

J^

WISI

MAKES THE FINEST

G. B. LEWIS COMPANY,
BEE-KEEPERS^ SUPPLIES

Watertown, Wis.

Eastern Agents: Fred W. Muth Co., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, 51 Walnut Street; C. M. Scott
& Co., Indianapolis, Ind., 1004 E. Washing-
ton St., Norris & Anspach, Kenton, Ohio,
Cleaver & Greene, Troy, Penn.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R. Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our
graduates under bond. Tou don't pay
us until you have a position. Largest
system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed by all railway officials. Ope-
rators always In demand. Ladies also
admitted. Write for Catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY

Cincinnati, O., Bulfalo, N. Y., Atlanta, Ga.

Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco, Cal.
Nov. 5. LaCrosse, Wis.

Our Special Premium Offer.

, J^'^ ^^"^'^ ^^^^ successful in closing a contract with the Selden Pen Mfs Co
of New York, whereby for a limited time we can supply a guaranteed

$ 2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THE CElTRIC model i"

and the American Bee-Keeper one year for only 90 cents, to every subscriber,
OLD or NEW. The pen will be forwarded immediately upon receipt of the
money. It is made of the best quality of hard rubber in four-parts, and fitted
with a guaranteed irridium pointed 14-k "GOLD PEN. The "fountain" is
throughout of the simplest construction and can not get out of order overflow
or fail to supply ink to the nib.

«(

A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with the inconvenient inkstand and is always ready for use.

*THE CELTRIC MODEL V ^^^''^ the manufacturer's guarantee that

the pen is solid GOLD, 14-k fine. If
does not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another or re-
turn the fifty cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article
of superior quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience
of every one who writes. REME3IBEK that the offer is for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

Special Notice
I to Bee-keepers, j

^boston!

V Money in Bees lor You )

} Cataog Price on )

I Root's Supplies \

( Catalog for the Asking \

i F. H. FARMER, 182 FRIEND STREET, )
i BOSTON, MASS. )

^ '^Up First Flight:=^ >

AGENTS I2^LE^2=£Le1m

.Medallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
dallious, Quick sellers. Big money.
Write at once. Special teiTitory
given. Largest Medallion Co. in the
World. Agents' supplies. Novelties
up-to-date. Write now.

Universal Manufacturing Co.,

Pittsburg, Pa.

Read This and Do It QuicK

All One
Year $1.40.

Without

Gleanings

80 Cents.

The Modern Farmer,

Green's Fruit Grower,

Agricultural Epitomist,

The Mayflower and

Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbs,

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

American Bee-Keeper.

Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper
50c. Good only a sbort time. .-Vddress

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15. The clean farm paper.

Every person who keeps pigeons, Belgias^
hares, cavies, dogs, cats or a pet of anyu
kind to send for a free sample of the

PET STOCK PAPER

Address Box 20. - - - - - York, Pa.

Fifty Cent
Beeswax

The right quaHty will easily
bring this price. For full
particulars write to us.

Cull & Williams

Providence, R. I.

Falconer's Fine Bee Goods
Providence Queens

Three Months for Only ?0 Cents.
To a A ezv Subscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established in 1861

It is the only weekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-keepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Ila.sty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only SI. 00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. YorR % Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But You," words and mu-
sic; "Piking the Pike," "Just Because
I'm Prom Missouri," "Hiawatha,"
"Navajo," "Bedelia," "Josie," "Only a
Factory Girl," "Flirting at the Sea-
shore," "The Little Brown Man of Ja-
pan," "Come Down, Miss Malinda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other
popular songs, all in one book, and sent
postpaid for only 10 cents We will also
send a coupon good for 10 cents to
every one mentioning In what paper they
saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
snoods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us 10 cents in silver, tcgether
with the names of ten persons who
get mail at your postoffice who are
interested in MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's, Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dept. t1. D. Grand Rapids, Mich.

Beeswax
Wanted

We will pay 28 cents cash or 30
cents in goods for good quality of
Beeswax, freight paid to Falconer, N.
Y. If you have any, ship it to us at
once. Prices subject to change with-
out notice.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG CO.

3 and 5=Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: ""-^sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $0. 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop,,

New Centuiy Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

Bee-Keepers

We carry a full line of Fal-
coner's Bee-keepers' Sup-
plies, and that means the
nEST, and sell them at factory
prices, f.o.b. Savannah, Ga.
Order from us and save freight
charges. Catalogue free for
the asking.

Harden & Rottrk

Savannah, Ga.

Chance

Of a Life Time

iti

Belgfians

Send for particulars and sample cop'
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , IVIACON, Mo

To Subscribers of

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you mention
American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on Farm.
Orchard and Garden, Poultry and Fash-
ion. It's the best paper printed for
the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

2tf. AUentown, Pa.

W. M. Gerrish, R. P. D., Epping, N. H.,
keeps a complete supply of our goods, and
Eastern customers will save freight by order-
ing of him.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

01

H(

i

GENTS Wanted 'wasting Machines.

You can double your money Gvery time you sell one

j they sell easily. Wg have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.

PROFIT

By Studying Our

Dtne Nursing Series

New Books for the Home.

5y e — "The Expectant Mother,"

mo., net 'J.' L".',

ner — "Practical Care of the Baby,

mo., Extra Cloth •;•;/••• , „„

p "The Daughter," Extra Cloth... 1.00

rnsey— "Plain Talks on Avoided
ibjects," *•""

A. DAVIS CO., Publishers

MAIL ORDER DEPT.
-16 Cherry St. - - PhUadelphia, Pa.

50
.$1.00

Natioaal Bee^Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
rorld. , * «,„

Organized to protect and promote tne
aterests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. PRANCE, PlatleviJle, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasurei

sunshine

Is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular liter-
a r V family
MAGAZINE.

;t entertains its readers with good,
hort stories, sketches and poems by the
nost famous authors of the day and is

magazine of superior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

"We wish to have our magazine in your
■icinity and as a special offer for new
eaders we will send you

Junshine for 1 Year for 10c.

Think of it, less than one cent a copy.
Can't you act as our agent?

ADD. MAYES PWB. CO.,

LOUISVtttE. - - - - KENTUCKY.

When writing to advertisers please
ention The American Bee-Keeper.

Trade Marks
Designs
, , , . Copyrights Slc

Anyone sending a sl^et'^l^.an'i.^fi'^IjEE^'i?!:^
oulcklv ascertain our opinion fr-se whether an
?nTenl^on is Probably patentable Communi^a.
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on faienw
"ent ttee. o'ldest age"cy for securing patents

Patents taken through Munn & CO. receive
special notice, without charge, m tne_

Scientific flmerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest clr-
reLr?fV/-n^CirioWtli/^^^

MllNN&Co.3«^''°'"'*'^Newyork

Br" ch Offlce"625 F St.. Washington. D. 0.

ABooa

rot A wiuiA^'

How we make our hens pay 400
per cent profit, new system, our

own method, fully explained in

our Illustrated Poultry Book, which contains
Pmiltry Keeper? Acc't'and Eg* Record showing
lain" or losses evei- month for one year. Worth 25
Ite sent to you for 1 c c. If you will send names of 5
nriiiUrv kpeners with your order: Address,
^. 8.^IB6BBT. P.B. 56. Cllntonvilie. Corn*

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM AND
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Beaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farniers
and the Homeseekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail you the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and R«al Estate Jouraal,

TRABB, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

10

Weeks i|f

Cents .

i'

We wish every reader of the American Bee-Keeper to become acquaint
Gleanings in Bee Culture. We extend a cordial invitation in our offer to send^
paper ten weeks for ten cents.

There is no bee paper in the world like Gleanings. Its aim is to meet the W
every bee-keeper everywhere and it does it. Whether you own one colony or
sand, or are merely interested, you cannot aflford to miss a single number. Gl^
is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the last. '|

CONTRIBUTORS— It is useless to state that Gleanings excels in this p^
regular department is edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle, Prof. A. J.
J. A. Green and Louis SchoU. These names speak for themselves for they are tl
writers of the day. Every issue contains articles from the pens of the best bee-l
all over the land. A list of them would be the catalog of the most successful bet
ers the world over. We will soon begin a series of remarkable articles by E. W
ander. We are safe in saying a higher price was never paid for an article of thi
as we paid for a single one of this series. Every one of them will be worth hund:
dollars to bee-keepers.

HALFTONE ILLUSTRATIONS— During the past summer we have had a
artist to take photographs for us. He has traveled on our account alone the pas
mer over 4,000 miles, and we can promise some very fine picttives. Many of the 1
Prize Phot6 Contest, American and foreign, will appear soon. Our engravings ar
by the very finest engravers in the United States. Just this wealth of illust
doubles the value of the paper.

i

DECEMBER 15TH ISSUE— We are pleased to announce that extensive pW fl
now under way for a special Christmas issue of Gleanings. It is planned that thi '
shall far exceed in its wealth of contributed articles, its halftones and its cover
anything that heretofore has been attempted in bee-keeping literature. The cove
be designed and printed by one of the best color printing establishments in the
States. The design is something unique and beautiful indeed. This issue will c S
nearly 100 pages and 40,000 copies will be printed, making a bee-keeper's ma
that compares favorably with any magazine of the present day.

SUBSCRIBE — When you have read this notice take up your pen and tell us %
you Gleanings ten weeks, and enclose ten cents, in coin or stamps. Don't pu^
The magnificent Christmas number alone will be worth twenty-five cents to an;
keeper — we don't promise this number to any but subscribers. You will never t)
to spend ten cents to a better advantage.

THE A. L ROOT COMPAJST^

MEDINA, OHIO

B/iANC//ES:

J44 E. Erie St., Chicago JO Vine St., Philadelphia 44 Vesey St, New York]

Entorod at the Postoffice, Fort Pierce, Pla., as second-class matter.

Homes In

Old Virginia.

It is gradually brought to light
that the Civil war has made great
changes, freed the slaves, ind in
consequence has made the large
land owners poor and finally freed
the land from the original owners
who would not sell until they were
compelled to do so. There are some
of the finest lands in the inarket at
very low prices, lands that produce
all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits,
and berries; fine for stock. You
find green truck patches,, such as
cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale,
spinach, etc., growing all the win-
ter. The climate is the best all the
year around to be found, not too
cold nor too warm. Good water.
Healthy. Railroads running in
every direction. If you desire to
know all about Virginia send 10c.
for three months subscription of

the VIRGINIA FARMER to

Farmer Co., Emporia, Va.

Are You Interested?

The New South today holds forth
greater inducements to the homeseeker
and investor than any other portion of
America.

Florida leads all other Southern states
in the matter of inviting propositions to
those who seek a genial, healthful cli-
mate and profitable business opportuni-
ties.

St. Lucie is the banner county of
Florida, when it comes to home-making
and money-making facilities, and its
healthfulness is unsurpassed anywhere
on earth.

The St. Lucie County Tribune is
the — well, modesty forbids our repeating
the public verdict in regard to The
Tribune. It is published weekly at Fort
Pierce, the county seat, at $i.ooayear.
Three months' trial subscription, 25c,
Sample copy for the asking. If you are
interested in Florida, a postal card in-
quiry will bring it. Write today.

St. Lucie County Tribune

FORT PIERCE, FL'A.

THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURN

A monthly journal devoted to ag;
cultural interests. Largest circulatic^
of any agricultural paper in the wesi|
It circulates is Missouri, Kansas, Ne-
braska, Iowa and Colorado.

C. A. DOUGLASS,
1 tf Lincoln, Neb. |

THE DIXIE HOME MAGAZINE

10c a year. Largest,Brightest and Finest lllustratec
Magazine in tlie World for 10c a year, to intrO'
duce it only.

It is bright and up-to-date. Teljl
all about Southern Home Life. It q
full of tine engravings of grand scen-
ery, buildings and famous people
Send at once. 10c. a year postpalcj
anywhere in the U. S., Canada anfl^
Mexico. 3 years 50c. Or, clubs of I
names 50c., 12 for $1. Send us a club.
Money back if not delighted. Stamps
taken. Cut this out. Send today.

THE DIXIE HOME,

1005, Birmingham, Ala.
When writing, mention the Am. BeeKeeper.

Big Magazine

One year free tc
quickly intrO'
duce it. Manj
prefer It to Harper's, Munsey's, Ladles' Horn*
Journal or McClure's. Send 10 cents to heir
pay postage. AMERICAN STORIES, Dept. H
D., Grand Rapids, Mi h

A vest pocket Map of your State.
New issue. These maps show a$\
the Counties, in seven colors, aM
railroads, postoffices — and Inany
towns not given in the postal
guide — rivers, lakes and mouni
tains, with index and popula:»
tion of counties, cities and townfi?,
Census — it gives all official rd*-*'
turns. We will send you post-
paid any state map you wish foi

25 cents, (silver.)

JOHN W. HANN,

Wauneta, Neb.

Bee H i ves
Sections

Big Discount for Early Orders.

Before January i , 7 per cent. I Before March i , 4 per cent.

Before February i, 6 per cent. | Before April i, 2 per cent.

ON CASH ORDERS.

EVERYTHING

THAT IS USED BY BEE-KEEPERS CAN BE
PROCURED OF US AS CHEAPLY AS ANY-
WHERE, AND WE KNOW.

Our Goods are Superior

BOTH IN MATERIAL AND WORKMAN-
SHIP TO THOSE OF ANY COMPETITOR.

One Trial Will Convince You

THAT'S ALL WE ASK. WE KNOW YOU
WILL NEVER BUY OF ANYBODY ELSE.

Our new illustrated catalog and price list is now
ready. Send for one on a postal card.

The W.T. Falconer Manfg. Co.

JAMESTOWN, N. Y.

YOU NEVER

Thousands ol Subscriptions to Leading American
PRACTICALLY GIVEN

HEARD THE LIKE

Publications

FREE

POULTRY SUCCESS, the leading poultry magazine now published. 48 to 112 pages per issue;
best writers: beauliluUy illustrated and handsomely printed; a monthly compendium of best experience
and information as to how to make poultry successlul; regular annual subscription price 50 cents. In-
valuable to every poultry raiser — has purchased outright thousands ol subscriptions to some ol Amer-
ica's leading publications, and lor a limited time Only makes some combination subscription oilers
never belore equaled by any American publisher.

GOOD FOR 30 DAYS ONLY.
Send us the names ol two poultry raisers and you will be entitled to accept either of these remarkable
oilers :

OUR
PAPERS

OUR
Special

No. 1 COMBINATION
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Vol. XV

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No. 12

Ubc ipassino lJ)ears.

'/T HEY'RE passing away, these swift, sweet years
^^ Like a leaf on the current cast;
With never a break in the rapid flow.
We watch them as one by one they go
Into the beautiful past.

As light as the beautiful thistledown,

As fond as a lover's dream.
As pure as the flush in the seashell's throat,
As sweet as the wood-bird's wooing note,

So tender and sweet they seem.

One after another we see them pass

Down the dim lighted stair;
We hear the sound of their steady tread
In the steps of centuries long since dead,

As beautiful and as fair.

There are only a few years yet to love,

Shall we waste them in idle strife?
Shall we trample under our ruthless feet
These beautiful blossoms, rare and sweet.

By the dusty ways of life?

There are only a few swift years. Oh, let

No envious taunts be heard.
Make life's fair pattern of rare design.
And fill up the measure with love's sweet wine.

But never an angry word.

— Anon.

240

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. December,

THE "SUGAR HABIT" AGAIN.

A Criticism of Mr. Miller's Attitude in the Matter.

By Allen Latham.

MR. MILLER is right in saying
(page 219) that Mr. Atwater's
article bristles with indigna-
tion. The cool character of Mr. Mil-
ler's reply offei's only another instance
of the value of keeping one's head and
temper; yet his own article, not brist-
ling to be sure, might be accused of
being studded AA'ith unfair argument.

The first paragraph of Mr. Miller's
reply is a splendidly worded one and
Is too clear to admit of any misin-
terpretation, but after that Mr. Miller
allowis obscurit3% purposely or not, to
creep in. The article in Gleanings
to which reference is made offers no
proof whatsoever that syrup can be
continuoufily fed to bees without en-
tailing a loss. Feeding bees against
a dearth of food, or to fill an empty
brood-nest, or to put a stop to robbing,
are each and all very different from
feeding syrup to be stored in sections.

I have myself iseen sections of sugar-
syrup-honey, and have known of a bee-
keeper's undertaking to produce that
kind of "honey." I have eeen beauti-
fully white combs thus obtained. I
have never yet seen it done with pro-
fit. By the time a man has paid for
his sections, his comb foundation, his
sugar, his labor, his loss in bee-vitali-
ty, his disposition of his hard-earned
crop — by the time he has paid all these
expenses and lialancetl his account, he
is ready to let the bees gather honey
in the way that tnature fuijnishes.
Many have tried the unhappy scheme,
but they one and all drop it soon.

This is no argument for or against
the feeding of sugar .s.vrup. I only
offer the preceding paragraph as evi-
dence that the market is not likely to
be troubled by sugar-symp-honey.

But is it true that there is any
reasonable danger that the honest
section honey is likely to be contami-
nated if we feed sugar for winter
stores? Possibly, but I am not con-
vinced by anything that Mr. Miller
has said. And I doubt greatly if
the -sale of honey is materially affect-

ed by the general knowledge that bee-
keepers feed sugar for winter. I
am vei-y free to let all my neighbors
and others who are interested know
that I frequently feed sugar thus. I
have never yet, in my twenty and
odd years of bee-keeping, heard the
least suspicion offered that my honey
was in the least impure.

I used to keep bees in a locality
where the apple-bloom was abundant
and where I could usually count on a
good surplus from this source every
even year. It was my custom to crowd
the brood-nest with syrup just as soon
as the bloom started so that the honey
might all go into* the sections. I
simply took out the combs and poured
thick syrup into them. The effect
was to drive the bees right into the
section cases, and they usually stayed.
If the flow came they filled one or two
cases, but if rainy weather came there
would be no honey or syrup either put
into the sections. Now I cannot swear
that some syrup did not get into the
sections in those happy by-gone days,
but I do remember that I never could
get enough of that honey to meet the
demand at 25c per pound. All who
bought it were full of praise for its
excellence. I personally used to think
that there was no honey equal to it,
though I have since come to like one
or two others about as well. I never
could detect the slightest evidence of
sugar in the honey, though I never
applied any chemical test.

To come back again to the matter of
feeding sugar for winter. Why is
this attended with no danger of such
synip aftei-ward getting into the sec-
tions? I will try to explain, and can
back up my explanation with con-
siderable experience. When bees are
fed, their combs are for the most
part empty, and the feeding is vdth
few exceptions done after brood-rear-
ing is considerably curtailed. Where is
this feed put? It is packed in close
about the brood-nest, and as the bees
emerge the brood-nest itself is filled.

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 241

Never, I feel safe in saying, is this feed I sliould like to asli Mr. Miller what
stored far away from the center of the be would do if he found that his 100
nest. It follows that the bees in win- colonies in late September were nearly
ter consume the sugar syrup rather destitute of stores? Would he buy
than the scant supply of honey which $120 worth or more of honey and
more out of their reach. When feed it at the risk of foul-brood, or
spring comes there is but little of the would he buy $75 worth or more of
syrup left, and most of this is con- pure sugar and feed it with no danger
sumed in brood-rearing. I believe, in of disease? Will Mr. Miller kindly
fact, that it rarely happens that any answer?
of this syrup, if fed in the fall, ever Norwich, Conn., Nov. 7, 1905.

survives the demand of spring breed-

ing. If any does survive and is in Mr. MiUer's Response.

the way of the increasing brood-nest, mv. Latham very kindly submitted
where is it put? It is invariably the foregoing to me for a reply in the
moved toward the corners of the game issue. In paragraph three all
frames, but only .iust beyond the nest, the items are the same in honey pro-
It suffers possibly several movings. duction as in sugar feeding except
Sometimes a very prolific queen will cost of sugar and labor of feeding,
drive it at one move to the very cor- The latter is more than offset by ab-
ners and remote portions of the frames sence of "culls," and the sugar as
where it will be sealed over anew, "honey" will pav a substantial profit.
All bee-keepers have seen honey thus Regarding loss of bee vitality, if it is
moved, and all know, who know any- remembered that bees have to sleep
thing about it, that with a brood-nest or rest much as do other animals, and
overstocked with honey this moving ^re treated accordinglv. the loss of
wUl even extend into the sections yjtaiitv is no greater in svnip feeding
under the impulse lent by the presence timn from a corresponding heavy nec-
of a prolific young queen. tar flow. In speaking of continuity

Unfortunately for Mr. Miller's side of feeding, I assumed that these rest-
of the argument the conditions which j^o. periods were undei^tood. Bvi-
bring about the moving of honey into aenUv I was mistaken. In the para-
the brood-nest are rarely, if ever, „^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ _^^^^.^^ ^j^^ ^^^^ j^
present after a fall when sugar syrup ^,^1, gtated except that he omits the
has been fed. Average queens will f^pt^j. ^^ ^1^^ ,5ee-keeper sometimes
not cause any of the syrup to be ^^oving the filled combs so the stored
moved into the sections while prolific g^^^p j^ ^^^ alwavs located as stated,
queens will cause it al to be con- ^^^d hence the svrup is on hand at
sumed Who does not know that a ^i.^ time of the honev flow,
fall of feeding is generally followed Regarding fruit bloom. Were you
by a spring of anxiety lest the bees standing behind me, Mr. I... when I
have too little store to last till the ^^.^^^ through that mill? Our ex-
new honey comes? periences are identical. But I would
I freely admit that to stuff the brood- call attention to the flavor of fruit
nest with 40 pounds of sugar syrup bloom honey. It is a-s if flavored with
might cause contaminated honey. If buter almonds and a very little of it
most bee-keepers are like me they ^yjn i^i^e or submerge other flavors
stop with 15. pounds of syrup, simply unless thev be verv pronounced, hence
because of the expense of such ex- would thoroughly hide sugar,
travagant feeding. Tj^^ moving of stores by the bees
No, we cannot be absolutely certain varies in a hundred ways and from
that our honey is pure if we allow any as many causes. Sometimes it is
syrup to be fed; but can we be thus from below to above, from center to
cock-sure even though we abhor the sides, from one side to the other, or
sugar barrel? As long as there are the reverse of all these. Sometimes
candy shops, and as long as neighbors the age of the queen seems to govern,
may accidentally expose some other sometimes the weather and sometimes
sweet than honey, how are we to the reason is too obscure even to guess
know that our product is absolutely at. Here is a specific case which oc-
pure? cured this fall. An eight-frame hive

242 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. December,

wa.s absolutely full of honey, pollen, precluded from attacking those who
brooil and bees on Sept. 10th. and adulterate our products after they
honey coming freely from golden-rod leave our hands.

followed a week later by that from As to the la«t question In Mt.
asters (a water- white honey). The Latham's article: At that dale I
super contained a dozen or fourteen would take the honey every time,
boxes in which the bees were working. Earlier I would use the sugar (if I had
of which some were then taken away not honey enough on hand) and con-
and eight or ten left. All contained sider it safe on the grounds stated
bright golden-rod honey. October by Mr. Latham. It is a starvation
20th, after all flowers were gone these condition.

eight or ten boxes were full of strong In reply to the charge of indefinitc.-
dark honey — seemingly buckwheat. ness. That was partly unavoidable

Mr. Latham's remark on actions of because I was not at liberty to state
bees with different queens I think is how I obtained my proof, and partly
miisleading. Other factors such as because much had been said before
temperature, size of hive, amount of and I tried to avoid repetition. Also
pollen in combs, and a lot more, have I have been having a lot of quiet fun
a bearing. poking pins into the pet theories of

Regarding the next to the last para- some of the boys by stating things I
graph, I would only call attention to have seen and they have not. I have
the fact that most honey is produced been able so to do by using appliances
beyond reach of candy shops and and methodis of which they seem to
neighbors' sweets. Honey, as a rule, know nothing. In due time these will
is not produced in preserving time, be published in these columns.
Feeding by dishonest persons purpose- Arthur C. Miller,

ly for sale of the stored syrup is not Providence R. I., Nov. 11, 1905.

what I am now fighting. It is the

promiscuous and careless use of

syrups which permits and generally

assures their admixture with the hon- ^hey Are Regarded With Favor on Short

ey. that I am combating. Such use is Acquaintance.

CAVCASIAXS.

By Swarthmore.

embraced in the practice of spring

feeding, except where that is very

carefully done: of feeding during lulls j HAVE HAD but part of one sea-

in the nectar flow, which is very bad; I gon'^ experience with Caucasian

and of charging the brood-nest with * ^ees. My first imported queens

syrup prior to the honey flow, which ^lied in transit but later secured one

is most pernicious. iu good condition by sending provis-

Besides that, the very appearance jo^ed cages to the breeder of this

of evil is sufficient to condemn the y^qq jq Caucasus.

practice. Persons who know us well, pr^m this imported mother I at

may take our word for the purity of QQ^e proceeded to rear drones in very

our goods, but the great pubhc will jai-gg number^: taking it away ais

not. hence we must needs try to avoid f^st as secured and placing it ,in

using sugar, rearrange our methods queenless nuclei for development,

so as to be forehanded enough to keep T^jg ^.^s quite late in the season but

a reasonable supply of honey on hand i succeeded in rearing several batches

for such purposes ( i.e. capital with ^f flj,e ^ells. By the time I had every.

which to conduct the business) and tiding i^ readiness for mating in a

blacklist everyone who recommends distant yard all other drones had been

the use of syrup for aught but to pre- i^jned off which left me an absolutely

vent starvation. This may sound radi- clean 'field for mating up the numbers

cal, but weigh it well before deciding, of young Caucasian queens I was

In all our discussions let us not holding in cages to await their turn

lose sight of the fact that so long as at the mating nuclei,

there is even a remote possibility of Out of the several lots of queens

the .syrup we feed getting into the I selected 32 and introduced them to
honey we are to offer for sale, we full stocks — these young queens com-
cannot guarantee its puritj- and we are menced laying at once and proved

19(>5.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

243

thorn-selves most prolific. In conse-
quence I now have ;^2 booming colo-
nies of absolutely pure Caucasian
bees to begin with in the spring.

Our honey flow comes late in the
season and it was with interest that

watched the niml)le little Russian
worlvcrs come and go. The imported
stock tilled its hive about equal to
any in the yard. Tlie other -stock were
more or less mixed therefore could
not fairly estimate their work.

These bees are exceedingly gentle — •
so gentle that they can be actually
imposed upon without resentment.
Little or no smoke is I'equired in their

I sent some queens away and have
ssince received encouraging letters from
one of which I will make extracts,
with the kind permission of the
writer.

Prof. Louis H. Scholl, Agricultural
College, Texas, writes: "The queen
came in tine condition and was intro-
duced at once. It did not take long
for her Ma.lesty to take to house-
keeping and she has pronounced her-
self a good layer. I am well pleased
with her and hope she will prove a
"nice young lady" next spring so that
we may be enabled to rear a number
of daughter-s from her."

['vK, ', c~cz,fiJ

THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS. RUSSIA.
Facsimile of Postal Card from Prof. Benton to the Editor of The Bee-keeper.

manipulation; the breath often only
being needed to drive them back.

They are quite nervouci under ma-
nipulatioai but do not run off the
combs nor pile in knots as do the
blacks. The queen-s are dark, often

liev. I). E. Lyon, Matawan, N. J.,
is entliusiastic over his Caucasians
and has a tine article in "Counti-y
Life in America."

Tliere are several such letters as
the above and 1 feel that we may

varying however, and seem a little safely set the race down ais prolific
shy. The workers are much smaller as well as gentle.

than Italian; they are striped with
narrow brownish hairs and have a
brovv'nish cast somewhat like the
Carniolans. The drones are as black
as your -shoe and have veiy strong
wing power; their abdomen is not
so l)iunt as the Carniolan or Italian
drone.

All extra prolitic races are apt to
be swarmers but on tliis point I am
unable to speak from actual experi-
ence with Caucasians — the Carniolans
aie .L:reat swarmers but ithey still
have a long list of admirers after all.
It has been -said that if we run the
swarming races for extracting and

244

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December,

keep them . in large hives we shall
have no trouble in holding them where
they belong — but this, of course must
be tried out Avith Caucasians.

There is this point that must not
be lo«t sight of: Being an amazingly-
gentle race maybe more people can
be induced to enter apiculture who are
now held off from so doing because
of the fear of stings. I am an advo-
cate of progress, therefore shall not
hesitate to give new i-aces of bees
a fair trial even though they break
me or, perhaps, set me back.

When the season opens next year
I shall exchange queens with another
breeder and shall at once proceed to
cross out the in-breeding done this
autumn. In addition to this 1 shall
make an effort to import a few more
mothers.

Swarthmore, Pa., Oct. 12. 19()5.

again. Now let's open up and claw
over the slumgum. Great Scott, how
the stuff scalds. After three or four
hours of such troubles we find we have
five to ten pounds of wax, which after
remelting and running into cakes will
be worth from $1.50 to $3.

Incidentally we have filled the house
with the .steamy odor of dirty old
combs, have bedaubed the stove and

EXTRACTING BEESWAX.

A New and Thorough System Devised.

By a. C. Miller.

BEESWAX, not old Old Beeswax,
the butt of the village jokes,
but the real article is my theme,
the jokes will be on the jokers who
have been loudly urging the produc-
tion of wax, but ignoring the pains
and pleasures of the producer and the
cost of production.

Wax produced from cappings and
sold at 26 cents to 28 cents per pound
less freight charges may be profitable
in a measure, but producing it from
old combs by the common methods
of melting and skimming, or by pres-
sure, spells loss in big letters. Let
us see how this occurs. First we get
a roaring fire in the kitchen stove,
get a wax press in running order and
charged with a mile or so of cheese
cloth. Next we begin to load it with
comb. Oh, dear, there goes a piece
on the stove and burns, and complaints
are heard as to the smell. At last it
is loaded and pressure applied.
Thunder! the water is out. Saw it
just in time. Now we're off again.
Phew! but it is hot over this stove.
Crash, slam, bang—! Oh, dear, I be-
lieve I have broken my arm. No, I
guess its all right, I didn't think that
box was so weak. Well here goes

> EXTRAffl

kitchen with wax and dirt, scalded
our fingers, used up a lot of fuel and
upset the whole family. Does it pay?
When one realizes that despite all
this fuss, labor and discomfort only
about half of the contained wax is
recovered, a feeling of disgust is apt
to find such secure lodgment that
thereafter wax production will be neg-
lected altogether.
All of this is unnecessary, for the

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 245

1 nrmluction of beeswax may be made appliances are convenient a small but
bo?2 eSv and pmfitable if right meth- steady steam of hot water may be
* Ss and im?iement, are nseS. If we allowed to flow in and the wax wUl
^n produce more wax from the same flow as steadHy out. When all of the
Suan iTo? raw material, with the wax has escaped, the faucet ij opened
sime labor and in the same time, we some of the water drawn off, covers
Sp r °ain or if we produce no removed, the inner can (which con-
Sore than bkoi^ but with les« ex- tains all the refuse) is taken out
"enditirrof ^me'and labor we gain, emptied and returned to t. Place and
If however, we can double the present the process repeated. It will be oD
m-oductrmi and halve the time and -served that it is thus "f ^^^^^^ Jo use
Sbor Te make a gain which express- but a little fresh water with each
ed in figures is equal to getting 75 change. Furthermore it is not neces^
cents to :$1.00 a pound for the present sary to have the extractor on a stove,
wax output of our apiary. These When it is used in the open air or in
lesults are accomplished by the use a cool or unheated room it is advan-
of a wax extractor recently put upon tageous to have the extractor protect
?he n^rket l^ the Falconer Mfg. Co. ed with a .iacket or wrapping of cloth
The device work« on principles differ- or paper to eon.serve the heat. ^
ent from those embodied in any other The operation is rapid, there is no
machine heretofore employed. In press- heavy lifting, no working over a hot
es and similar contrivances the comb stove, no clawing over of scalding
mass is compressed, and hence holds slumgum, no danger of fire from
a large amount of wax despite the spilt wax, no boiling out of water
pressure. In mere submergence or and consequent melting out of the
submergence with agitation only a can and no vstraining at a press. The
small portion of the wax is released, ,siop and dirt in the kitchen is dis-
but with submergence and simultan- pensed with, much to the gTatification
eons disintegration, agitation and pres- of the good wife and to the ensuing
sure, all of the wax will be separated peace and comfort of the home,
from the waste and secured. Tj^g invention of this wax extractor

Tbe new device accomplishes all ^larks a new era in wax production,
this. It consists of two cans, one ^-^^^ j|-g extended use should greatly
within the other. The outer can, increase the wax output of the coun-
shown in the cut, has a conical cover ^^.^
with an outlet pipe for the wax, a p^oyicieuce R. I., Nov. 6, 1905.

faucet for the withdrawal of water '^

and an inlet for water. Through the . . «

top of the conical cover passes the Status of Bee-keeping in Massa-

shaft which move^s the inner mechan- chusetts.

ism. The inner can has a perforated

bottom and top, the latter being re-

movable Within this can and attach- By Burton N. (jates.

;yair:nV?Sicti"toThrfhSt TJONEY CO.^^J^^

tt^c^n^rc^r^^^^i^pa^tr " ^ P^^ "^^P^^^
The method of operat!on is simple follows, from: California 145 tons;
in the extreme. After removing both Vermont, 15 tons; the balance of the
Svers hot water is poured in until 20()-ton import is from other states
thlcan is one-half to two-thirds full. This would allow, with a population of
Then comb is put in until the mass is 2,805,000, fourteen-hundredths of a
^p to the top of the can, then the pound or less than two teaspoonfuls
covers are replaced, hot water added of honey per person as a j-ears
through the funnel on the cover, and ration. Nevertheless, Blake, Scott &
as soon as the fluids reach the apex Lee Co., of Boston states under date
of thTconI the wax begins to flow out. of October 5, 1905, "That a very
The crank is then turned for a few large quantity of honey is being car-
minutes, more water is added and ried over from la«t year, and the
more wax escapes. Where the water "demand is down." What a thirst for

I

246 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. December,

honey. But it vemainis: we have to of 13.0 and 14.0 pounds of honey per
import colony in Massachusetts and Vermont

In Massachusetts, bee-keeping is respectively, against only 28.0 pounds
profitable; it is evident from the re- in California. These comparisons
turns of a questioner sent, this past would seem encouraging. But they
week, to the members of the Worces- are all low, chiefly because of faulty
ter County Bee-keepers' Association, reports or none at all or because of
by their secretary, Mr. Charles R. inefficient management. Notwith-
Russell. We have not heard from -standing the inaccuracies and incom-
all; but such returns as are in show pleteness of our returns, we find by
thrift, progressiveness, good increase, our data the average yield to be 35
and good crops. pounds per colony, which figure is

Our purpose in sending out this probably nearer right than the census
blank was to gather data that we report.

might form an estimation of the honey Bee diseases are not doing any
crop: the number of bees kept by our noticeable damage in the state; but
several members; the amount of in- three mention their presence. That
crease: the general interest in bee- some disease is here, is certain, because
keeping; and last but in no measui-e ^^^ writer has found evidence of it in
least, the evidence if any, of bee dis- several parts of Worcester and the
ease. From the reports, there is suri'ounding towns. What disease it
much satisfaction. It may well be is— "black," "pickled," or "foul-brood"
said, however, that there are no ex- — we are not positive, no fatal cases,
tensive apiaries in this region, as however, have been known; but its
there are in the west, and conse- course and progress must be watched,
quently we have no astonishing yields. -^fa»i*achu.setts bee-keepers — strive to
There are, on the other hand, a con- <io better next year. Try to produce
siderable number who keep two to a ^^^ two hundred tons which are
dozen or fifteen hives. With these, y^ai'ly imported to the state. Our
they are able to supply their own natural resources will yield that and
tables and some few of their towns- an even greater amount. Try to in-
men. We never hear a complaint f^"c-e your community to eat on the
from the bee-keeper, that he has more average more than two teaspoonfuls
honey than he can get rid of. of honey, this year; it would be far

The yields, as shown by our reports, more healthy than ten times that
range per apiary, from 75 to about amount of cane sugar. Learn to do
500 pounds. One gentleman reports things by modern methods; increase
two hundred pounds extracted from a '^^^' yields thereby, from one-fourth
single colony, and an average of 45 to at least three-fourths of the total
pounds per swarm of comb honey, consumption. We had better export
The president of our society, Mr. P. H. than import honey.
Drake, of E. Brookfield,' has taken Worcester, Mass., Nov. 12, 1905.

from 11 colonies, five of which were

1905 swarms, 340 pounds. Similarly, WAX ADULTERATION.

another reports 300 pounds from 10

colonies in which case there was no The Honey Producers' Lea^ne.

increase. One bee-keeper, who lives ■

in the central part of Worcester, Rv r p t

reports 320 pounds of honey. Another £5y j. ii. Johnson.

384 pounds, from 7 colonies, or an T T SEEMS somewhat strange that
average of 55 pounds per colony. I my saying merelv that I thought
Such are our yields. But .just what * comb foundation contained paraf-
is the average per colony, is not, for fine, but admitted that I might be
several reasons, so easily stated. In wrong, should draw forth a two col-
the first place, our bee-keepers have umn editorial criticism from this pa-
sold and bought swarms: have lost per, in which tlie editor attacked, not
them: and the most important factor only my present, but mv past, writ-
of all, some have neglected them, ings, branding them as weak and
thus bringing down the average. The not only so but the editor of Glean-
census for 1900 shows an average ings takes the matter up in an

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 247

editorial (see Gleanings page 10G7) great wrongs that have been clone to
and compliments the editor of the bee-keepers by statements given out
American Bee-Keeper flatteringly for by one so high in authority in that
saying that it was all in my mind, department.

Permit me to say that I have met I believe if the manufacturers will
many bee-keepers at both the St. think soberly as they ought to think,
Loilis and Chicago conventions that they will agree with me that they
ai-e of the same mind. hnve not done their duty in this mat-

Gleanings says that they denied the tef either to us or to themselves,
statement made by Prof. Wiley in Their attention has been called to
June issue, and so they did, nearly this several times, but it vseems that
three months after the statement was I was the only one who put it strong
made by Prof. Wiley. enough to call forth much comment,

The editor of the American Bee- and I am perfectly satisified to stand
Keeper infers that I believe every considerable abuse if only it will
thing that is said by professors. Far result in stopping these continual dam-
from it. I disagree with the views of again statements coming from the
Prof. Wilev on many points, but it so-called high authorities. I have only
still remains a fact that consumers of the kindest feelings toward the manu-
honev do recognize Prof. Wiley as facturers. but as we have patronized
the highest authority in the United them for many years to their success,
States, and it is immaterial what bee- and aided in building them up by
keepers think. When the Prof, gave our patronage from very small insti-
out this statement in the Rural New tutions to large ones, surely they
Yorker, to be copied in other papers, ^^hould feel grateful enough to re-
it becomes damaging to the producers i"ove the .stain that Prof. Wdey put
of honev because the readers of those "Pon their goods by saying to the
papers 'are consumers of honey and P"l>lic that they use paraffine in the
thev believe Wiley's statement, and manufacture of foundation,
if comb foundation is adulterated. Statements coming from high au-
then comb honey is not all the pro- thority cari-y weight, even though
duct of the bee they be unreliable. Three years, ago

It was plainlv the dutv of the many bee-keepers received comb foun-
manufacturers of comb foundation to (^-^tion that was very white and hard;
denial nd that Prof. Wilev make a probably because it had been carried
retraction of his accusation or that over one or two years, and as we
he prove his words true, and make liear very little of late of bleached
his corrections in the same paper, wax, many were suspicious of this
The manufacturers are in close as the appearance was against, it. and.
enough touch with each other to all the bees did not accept it so padily
lower or raise the price of their goods It would be well for the makers^ of
simultaneonsly. Surely they should foundation to explain ,th,i.s more
unite in the effort to protect their thoroughly. . ., , ,^

good name. A mere denial in their By referring back to Gleanings for
own paper that is only read by bee- August. 1877. page 201, X find A. J.
keepers is a very half-hearted way Robert-s tpiotes foundation at 55 cents,
to undo this wrong. I read the Rural per iiound in 5 pound lots, with Avhite
New Yorker and I know that its wax 25 cents per pound extra, but
editor is heartily in favor of the says "We consider the yellow in every
rural people and would not intention- lespect i)referable.."" Also on page 203,
ally wrong them, and he would be (jleaniugs August, 1877 R-. S. Joiner
read.v to co-operate with them to have .^ays: "Bees chaw yellow foundation
that statement corrected if it is entire- more than the white, but A. I. R.
ly" false. disagrees, and says he can see no

' We see a great, deal of praise given possible need of using \yhite wax at
to the agricultural department at all: and that white wax is purchased
Washington in some bee journals and of wax bleachers. 1 think it Avould
r am surely thankful if they do give be to the interest of the manufacturers
us any real aid. but first I think it if they explain hore. fully about
should be their duty to undc< the wax becoming bleached.

248 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. December,

On page 19G of American Bee- WHERE SHOULD THE SECTIONS

Keeper, 1905 "The Honey Producers' BE?

League" is attacked in veiy bitter
terms by one who ha« not the courage

of his convictions, but uses the non By Dudley B. Truman.

de plume of a "N. B. K. A. member."

While I believe in kicking when the TOURING THE last few years, our
occasion demands it, I think we should | J friend Hutchinson has done hi«
not kick M'hen there is nothing in best to get the Hoffman frame

sight to kick at. relegated to the scrap-heap. For my

The organizers of the Honey Pro- P^^^'t- ^ would willingly see the modern
ducers' League are deserving of great comb-honey super follow it; for the
praise from every bee-keeper. When comb-honey super is an abomination
men will put in from $10. to $600. of ^^\^^ ^^ contrary to the very principles
their own money to help a cause in *^^ bee-physiology.

which they are only indirectly inter- If we watch bees to see how they
ested, surely they should have some make comb, we shall at once observe
credit, and if they are not able to do that they work from sides to sides;
much good, surely they will do no tliey do not start a brood-nest in one
harm. If they, don't succeed, it will P''ii't of the hive, then begin to store
be because of the opposition of such lioney in another remote part of the
as "A member.'' I would recommend hive, and then come back to the part
that "A member" become also a mem- where they started. No. they work
ber of the League, which ha,s already systematically. Each new comb is
done more than any bee-keeper's or- formed next to a pre-existing comb,
ganization has ever done in the way '^^is comb is then filled with brood
of popularizing honey. It is due to or honey; and then another comb is
the League that a bulletin has been started; and so on.

published that contradicts Wiley's With a weak colony, bee-keepers
statement that comb honey is manu- a^apt themselves to this prtnciple,
factured, and also that 1905 year book and place each new brood-frame by
contains a contradiction. The Honey the side of a pre-existing one. But the
Producers' Association organized at moment the colony becomes strong
St. Ijouis, was practically a stock all this is altered. Instead of follow-
company, and only the big guns are ing up the method that has up to now
able to have any stock in it. It was proved so successful, the bee-keeper
talked at that convention that the suddenly changes his tactics and
manager should draw a big salary, places his sections, not at the side.
The Honey Producers' League is for but on top of the brood-chamber,
all, and each pays according to his This is all wrong, for the habit of
capital invested in bees or bee sup- the bees does not change. Why should
phes, which is very fair and the it? The bees merely go on working
oftcers draw no salary. Surely the i„ the place where they have started
officers who not only gave their money From this point of view there is no
freely, and are also giving their time, earthly reason why they shouldn't
are entitled to praise and thank-s t ^i „ '

from all bee-keepers. We ough? to '" *^^ T"?".,"^ ","'"' *^^ '^'^"^ ^^■
encourage them, 'and show that we Z^^^ Z}"';:^ ^^' "^"^'^ "^ '''' '"^^^
appreciate their efforts. I am a • ' .f ^f ! ^*"^ "'?™ ^"^ ^^ ^" workmg
member of both the League and the "iv T^' ^'^"' •''^" '''" ^^5^'

N. B. K. A. and expect to continue ?'? '""'* ^"^ "^ ^" ^^'"^ ^"P«^ ^n<i
^ exited to continue g^art a nest there." But why should

Williarasfield. 111., Nov 14 1905 ^^T'' /^ S^^^. "'"^^ ^^""""^ *^^ ""^^ "^^*

' ' ^^- why should they start the new nest

.<T . ~. ~ , i» a super rather than in a brand

Laziness is like molasses, sweet new hive? That they may by the
and stKky."-Josh Billings. .skill of the bee-keeper be coaxed

.■T*. • I, \ T "'*^ doing so. I admit; but it is not

It IS human to err, but devilish to natural. You might just as well ex-
brag on.it."-Josh Billings. pect bees in the trunk of a tree to

1905 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 249

s„.ae„„. .tav. mmolB, comb in iU S"'.o""Sn,rX tZ^Z^r^^
''■■rt'r.s .a., a mtle s«. of J.e ..eat o. ^ ^^^^^,^;,,Z
anatomy: A queen bee has long le^ fwa-p known to you all. These
and short wings; a worker l^ae short ^^^ ^^^ 1^«7" ^'^ J^^, ^^„ ^,ood
legs and long wings. There is a rea- things I >^^;« ^« ^^.^^ ^^^^ i,^ that

ril^^n^rdonra^e^d^rand rTheo^'and practice the modern
Til da; long, .he has to travel from ^XnlLryTlfe se.-tions are put where
comb to comb. Her strength need not J" t^^^^;^'^*^ i^te„^^^^^ of building;
be in her wmgs, therefore, but in hei ^^^^ .^^' ^^.^^^^^^ ^here they do their
^^^' , ^ i-i,- ,•„ +i,Q IpvpI best to avoid storing honey.

,Zr.TC^^'.:^'J":^i'o^- bLS^HU'. Na..a„. N. p. Ba..-

uses most of her energy in flight mas. ^

TTPTire the wings must be developed ^^ ^-KTma

ft the' expense of the legs. It follows QUESTIONS FOR DR. BLANTON.
that if we wish to save be.es labor and Sabana la Mar, Republica Domm-
so increase their capacity for getting j^ana.

honey we must aim at decreasing Oct. 26, 1905.

their" need of walking. Editor American Bee-Keeper:

Now let lie turn to the modern hive, i have just received the custom
and see how it carries out this princi- i^ouge statistics for April, May and
Die Let us supose an exhausted bee j^^e. The exportation from this
has just dropped upon the alighting country is; honey, 6,940 gallons; wax,
board with a load 'of honey or pollen. 79,916 lbs.

First it has to run along the bottom jf convenient could you tell me
board then toil painfully up between ,„,hat is the style and -size of Dr.
two narrow combs. Then it must Blanton's hives? Do the frames hang
squeeze its way between the top bars, square to the entrance or lengthwise?
Next it must turn a corner round the what is the size of the entrance? Any
carrier and squeeze between the car- special feature for ventilation? This
rier and the top bar, then turn another ^-ould interest me greatly as I have
corner crawl up the eide of the sec- to make at present, my own hives and
tion skirt along the top and finally ^yhat I so far have don't satisfy me—
descend along the foundation or comb the bees are hanging out so much on
until it reaches the cell in which it the front of the hive. Whether it
is vour intention it should deposit jg the smallness of the entrance— only
its ioad from five-sixteenths to three-eighths—

Further, at the risk of wearying q^ some other cause, I do not know,
you (for the mere statement of all ;\iy frames are 9x14, 13 frames to a
this labor will be wearisome to read), box. .spaced twelve-vsixteenth inches,
let me add that all this work has to The next frames I will make 9x19,
be done amid a crowd of jostling bees, and the same box will take 10 frames.
throu"-h top bars and combs that are Another question: what's the bee-
very likely narrowed by deposition of space between bottom board and
^yax * frames? Yours truly,

l" do not know whether this -seems , '^f ^V*" , ^'■'''""- ,

*• Z^ tl vmi but trv to imagine We believe Dr. Blanton's hive i-s of

vh'f woulSbe to vmi f vofliad the style known as the "Long Ideal," in

o farrv a sack of fiour. going upon which the frames are of the Adair or

\n foui thi^ugh .secret ways into the American type and hang crosswi^e^

all to"i\!^^*l"';" ' nn.^ient castle and As to exact size and ventilating de-

St';rha"i traort^'ooTo'lee Z vice, we o.„„ot .ay b„t perhaps D.

,w„ or .in-ee hnpdre,, time, a ,.a,-. B.a,Uo., h.u.,e.f w, be ^o -d^ -

"¥,"„^"L"l Va';fawerme,.e,y „Pon lr\iTtAinAf the%ees on the

inns rai, 1 ""^ ^ e " . outside is doubtless a result of insuffi-

am 'Zhing of th "l> a «oal ic,^ ot eien. ventilation, and any plan tbat

tile n,atte?-ot the Ineonvenlence of will set Into clronlat.on a current of

250

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

air through the brood-chamber will
have a beneficial effect. The matter
of exact spacing is not important
under the frames— a half-inch will be
all right. It is important, however,
that sufficient space be given to allow
for any shrinkage of hive-sides and
sagging of bottom-bars, so that bees
may not be crushed under the frames
during manipulation, and in order
that they may always swing clear
of the bottom. — Editor.

December,

NATIONAL CONVENTION POST-
PONED.

Flint, Michigan, Nov. 7, 1905.

Another slight postijonemeut of the
National Convention seems to be un-
avoidable. The Fat Stock Show upon
which we have depended for reduced
rates upon the railroad-s, has been
postponed two weeks. The reason
given is "the inability of the builders
of the amphitheater to secure structur-
al steel for the .same," and they don't
wish to hold the show out of" doors
hence the delay. Of course, there will

be no excursion rates during the first
week in December, and, as it would
be -suicidal to attempt to hold a con-
vention without excursion rates, the
Executive Committee ' has decided to
postpone the convention two weeks
in order to take advantage of the Fat
Stock Show rates. The dates for
the Convention will now be December
19th, 20th and 2ilst.

The place of meeting has also been
changed to the Bush Temple of :^Iusic
corner of Clark St. and Chicago Ave'.
This was done because it was feared
that the acconunodations at the Revere
House might prove too limited. The
Chicago bee-keepers, with their cus-
tomary enterprise and liberalitv. will
pay for the use of the hall. It "is only
five minutes' walk north from the
Revere House, which will be head-
quarters for the members. This new
place of meeting is in a new building
where everything is modern. There
are adjoining committee rooms, toilet
rooms, good drinking water, and ele-
vator service both day an-d night.
W. Z. Hntchinson.

Secretary.

^♦♦♦♦» ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ■

THE

Bee -Keeping World

staff Contributors : F. GREINER and ADRIAN GETAZ.

Contributions to this Department are solicited from all qtiarter."! of the earth.

^♦♦♦♦^ <^>^M-M- ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ^^>4

GEBMANT.

The German bee-keepers have the same
problems before them to solve that we
Americans have. They are laboring hard
for a law to protect their product, "honey."
They define it thus, "Genuine honeys are the
sweet exudations and secretions of plants,
gathered by the bees and converted by them
into honey within the hive."

or two stories of shallow frames for the
brood chamber is looming up from time to
time in the apicultural press. The deep
frame for wintering is considered the best.

Foul brood Is the other problem. A law
for the controlling of the disease is needed
and very much desired by the bee-keepers.
The matter Is being agitated by the diflTerent
organizations.

The question whether to use deep frames

ITALY.

A lady bee-keeper tells In Corr. Apistica
that she keeps down the grass around her
house apiary by covering the ground with
old phosphate sacks. Ants she drives away
or destroys them by throwing a small quan-
tity of salt over the ant-hill, then covering
with sacking. Iri some sections of Italy
the honey crop Is large — very large; in other
parts there has been a failure. The well-
known Rauschenfels says he has not. an
ounce.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

1905.

Dr. Raimondo has of late Invented a bees-
wax extractor, the construction of same,
however, is not given in Leipz Bztg from
which the above is taken.

251

BELGIUM.

Voices are heard in Belgium in defence of
their native honey-bee. It is thought by
some that it would pay to Improve their
bees by selection, etc., rather than by im-
portation of new races.

more or less impure quality, and the Impuri-
ties ought to be easy to detect, being mostly
lime, gypsum or sulphuric acid or the im-
purities contained in the lime and sulphuric
acid used. This last very often contains
some arsenic.

AMERICA.

In a letter sent out by the Apicultural
Department it is said that the common blaclc
bees and certain strains of Italian bees have
deteriorated.

Mr. Alex. Astor left, by mistake, a comb
containing eggs in his workshop. During
the night the temperature went down to
about fifty degrees. Next day the comb
was given to a colony and the eggs hatched
out as well as any other. — La Revue.

Out of seventy-five bees which had laid
on the snow twenty hours only a dozen
failed to revive when warmed up. — La

Revue.

Souvenir postal cards received by us from
time to time from Professor F. Benton in-
dicate the course of his travels.

The German apicultural press is com-
menting on the gigantic undertaking of the
Department at Washington, sending out a
man to obtain new races of bees, and have
him travel over the different continents for
this purpose.

FRANCE.

TESTING "WAX.

It is sometimes difficult to ascertain
whether wax bought is pure or not, especi-
ally when the adulterant is only in small
quantity. L'Abbe Butet tests for the pres-
ence of ceresin by putting a little of the
suspected wax, previously melted, in a boil-
ing solution of soda. The wax will form a
beautiful white soap with the soda, while
the ceresin will remain intact.

Mr. Hommell suggests that a test with
benzine might often be useful. The wax
will dissolve entirely in the benzine and
the dissolution will be perfectly clear, while
a large number of the possible adulterants
will either not dissolve or give a clouded
solution. — L'Apiculteur.

At a bee-keepers' convention, Mr. G.
Lichtenthaeler stated that he was no longer
afraid of foul brood. To cure, he simply
cuts out and destroys all the brood.

HIGH PRESSURE STIMULATION.

It is stated in the Revue Internationale
that Langstroth during his life had once
proposed to feed the bees in the spring with
a preparation of milk, malt and honey In
order to furnish a food ready for the larvae
and thus increase brood rearing, especially
when and where there is not enough pollen
either in the hives or In the field.

Gerstung came in some time ago with
another formula for the same purpose con-
sisting of five parts of hiiey, one part of
condensed milk, one of Mellin's baby food
and a pinch of Dr. Lahmann's fertilizing
salts for plants.
Next!

TESTING FOR GLUCOSE.
A correspondent in speaking of the diffi-
culty of detecting the presence of glucose
in honey suggests that it might be easier
to detect the impurities that always ac-
company the glucose than the glucose itself.
As a matter of fact, pure glucose or the
syrups made with it would be, and some of
those found on the market actually are,
nearly as good and as wholesome as pure
honey. But the price of such is necessarily
at least as high or higher than the ex-
tracted honey with which they would come
into competition. The glucose used for adul-
teration is necessarily of some cheap, and

STRENGTH OF COLONIES AND QUEENS'
CAPACITY.
Ph. Baldenssperger thinks that but few
queens ever lay three thousand eggs a day,
and then only occasionally. The average
daily number laid during the whole year
was eight hundred and seventy-six. The
average during the best laying season, one
thousand seven hundred and sixty daily. As
at the beginning and end of the season the
colony contained ten thousand bees; three
hundred thousand bees must have died dur-
ing the year, and of course as many were
born. That colony yielded one hundred and
seventy -eight pounds of extracted honey
from April 10th to August 8th. He thinks
that in a larger hive the results both in
egg-laying and surplus honey would have
been better. This was in Palestine.

A colony observed at Nice gave during the
heavy egg-laying term one thousand seven
hundred and ninety eggs, but the surplus

252

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

December/

was less than half that of the PaUstlne
colony.

Commenting on the above, the editor says
that he has often had reports of greater
egg- laying than that, and thinks that the
mortality in bees is greater in warm coun-
tries than farther north, and for that rea-
son the •gg-laying or rather, brood-rearing,
cannot reach as great a development. He
says that in Switzerland colonies can be
found having a population of seventy thou-
sand to eighty thousand bees and even mor«.
A queenless swarm belonging to him hived
the 24th of July had eight thousand bees on
the 22d of November. In his locality (the
editor's) the main crop lasts from two to
four weeks, more or less interrupted by rains,
yet one hundred pounds of surplus are fre-
quently obtained. With a honey season as
long as that of Palestine, one hundred and
seventy-eight pounds does not seem to be so
very big after all. — La Revue Internationale.

IDENTIFYING HONEY.
Dr. Pfister claims that by observing under
the microscope the grains of pollen founJ
in the honey, it is possible to determine
from what source it comes. The dandelion
pollen was the most often found. Honeys
from tropical countries show different pollens
from those of Europe. Those from Chili
and North America can scarcely be dis-
tinguished from those of Europe. That of
Australia shows the pollen of the eucalyptus.

OLD BEES FOR NURSES.
One of the experimental stations of Switz-
erland made several swarms with only old
bees. It was found In every case that a
portion of them did the work usually al-
lotted to the young bees, acted like young
bees and even assumed In some respects
the appearance of young bees, with well-
filled abdomen and a propensity of falling
from the combs.

BRUSHED SWARMS.

One of Gravenhorst's methods of forming
brushed swarms is to brush all the bees
from a colony and put them on a new
stand leavlnrg the combs on the old stand.
That is precisely the reverse of the usual
process. Most of the bees will remain if
the operation has been done early in the
day, before the bees take their play-spell,
and if given a chance of filling with honey
before being shaken.

If a very strong colony is desired, two
or three swarms thus made can be united
or brood from other hives can be added.

STARTERS FOR SWARMS.
When hiving a swarm, Gravenhorst gives
only a few frames and these with starters
only, about what the swarm will build of
worker comb. After these are nearly full,
and when drone comb would likely be com-
menced, he completes the brood nest with
foundation.

CAUCASIANS.

Adulterated Foundation, Etc.

By E, F. Atwater.

FRIEND HILL:— Several items in
the October American Bee-Keep-
er have aroused my interest. I
have a Caucasian, and also a Caucas-
ian Carniolan colony from the govern,
ment stock, and I am going to ask
you to, tell you readers, in detail
your experience in regard to the
Caucasian bees, and the experience of
others, with which you are familiar.
It might ,save some of us an unprofit-
able experience. Are you aAvare that
Mr. Herman Ranchfuss, of Colorado,
after several years' trial, considers
them the best bees, all things consider-
ed? He says they equal Italians for
honey, gentler than any other I'ace,
use propolis freely, make white capped
comb-honey, and build many queen
cells.

With faith in my heart I planted the
"Agricultural Department's" seeds of
honey plants. I had better fed them
to the chickens.

About adulterated foundation — I had
100 lbs. at one time, and 10 lbs. at
another, from a western manufacturer,
that was probably adulterated. I
sent a sample to an Eastern ifirm to
be tested. They Avrote that it seemed
to have been made from cheap West
Indian wax, too soft to make good
foundation; that their wax-testing
apparatus was out of order, but that
they would repair it, and then test the
wax, and report. They have never
done so. You could not put enough
wires in a frame but this worthless
foundation would sag and tear off.
I know from friends whose experience
was the same as mine, that the
foundation which I received was not
an exceptionally poor lot. I will send
the name of this firm to anyone who
will write me enclosing a two cent
stamp, that others may avoid my ex-
l)erience.

Boise. Idaho. Oct. 17, 1905.

American Bee=Keeper

TERMS:

Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85
cents; 3 copies $1.20; all to be sent to one
postoffice.

Postage prepaid in the United States and
Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the
postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other
countries.

ADVERTISING RATES:

Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per
inch. Five per cent discount for two inser-
tions; seven per cent for three insertions;
twenty per cent for twelve insertions.

Matters relating in any way to business
should invariably be addressed to

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER,

Falconer, N. Y.

1905.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER.

253

THE

PUBLISHED MONTHLY'.

THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.

Proprietors.

PUBLISHING OFFICE, - - - Fort Pierce Fla.
HOME OFFICE. Falconer, N. Y.

England is using motor cars for
power in agricultural work. It will
be for extracting honey next. Who
said Old England was slow?

You cannot tell how far a toad can
jump by his looks. No more can you
tell how bees will work by their

temiier.

HARRY E. HILL,
4RTHIR C. MILLER,

- - - - Editor
Associate Editor

In SAviftzerland grape leaves are
used for tea. but, it is said, they re-
quire more sweetening than genuine
tea. Why not use honey and combine
health, pleasure and home industry?

We learn, with pleasure, through
Mir. Atwater's letter in this issue,
that Mr. Rauchfuss, of Colorado, after
several years' experience considers the
Caucasian-s the best, all things con-
•sidered. We are glad, therefore, to
place one large chalk-mark to the
credit of the Caucasian.

Articles for publication or letters exclusive-
ly for the editorial department may be ad-
dressed to H. E. HILiL,

Fort Pierce, Fla.

Subscribers receiving their paper in blue
wrapper will know that their subscription ex-
pires with this number. We hope that you
will not delay in favoring us with a renew-
al.

A red wrapper on your paper indicates
that you owe for your subscription. Please
give the mattter your early attention.

BMtoriaL

Mr. J, E. Johnson, in this issue
takes a side-swipe at the editor for
having been guilty of misunderstand-
ing a former statement. Mr. .Johnson,
it will be noted also, is one of the
very few who regard the Honey Pro-
ducer-s' League as the Moses to lead
the apiarian fraternity of America out
of the wilderness. It ought to be
gratifying to League promoters to
note that the organization has some
admirers among the actual producers
of honey. They are not numerous, we
opine.

He who will flatter another will
rob him when he gets a good chance.

A groove rapidly develops into a
rut. Get up on the edges now and
then and broaden your way.

It i-sn't always the man at the head
that is doing the miischief. Some of
the biggest scoundrels are the fellows
in the background.

Editor Abbott nominates officers for
the National Association, and says:

"Let us have a new deal all around."
Yes, a new deal is very nice — when
the pack i« not stacked. Has Bro.
Abbott kissed and made up with the
Ijunch since he was general manager?

The associate editor desires to pub-
licly express his thanks to Editor
Hutchinson of the Review for finally
laying emphasis on the need of learn-
ing the "Whys" of bee life. We
laboretl long and faithfully with him
on this subject and are pleased to note
his conversion. The Bee-Keeper has
endeavored to impress upon its readers
the advantage of searching for and
learning why bees do as they do.
When laws of their life are once un-
derstood, keeping them will become as
play, the troubles of swarming will
vanish, they will enter the supers at
our command and in a word "we will
be boss. Find the "why," then meth-
ods of manipulation will create them-
selves.

254 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. ' December

GREATER CARE NEEDED IN THOSE MAY FOLLOW WHO WILL
MAILING QUEENS.

Unless persons mailing queens take Tlie Rural Bee-Keeper says: "Nc

more pains with the cages they use "eed. Bro. Hill, to poison the minds

there is a possibility of the queens of your readers against the Nationa!

being barred from the mails. Of cages or against the Honey Producers

shown to us this year some were all I-eague, at a time when some organt

sticky and dauby at the candy end, nation is needed. The only questior

otliers had sharp points of wire pro- shonld be 'who will lead?' Let everj

jecting along the edges and some had one follow."

sharp edges or corners of the perfor- py^y^ banish your fears, dear Rural
ated zinc turned out so they would j^he welfare of the frateraitv is prob-
cut the unwai-y postal clerk. The ex- ^blv quite as earnestly "at heart" a1
posed candy at the end is a mistake the home of the American Bee-Keeper
and a menace, and the little strip as in the sanctum of the Rural. This
of pasteboard over it only helps to paper, however, is the organ of nc
spread the stickiness when the candy organization nor clique. The inter-
becomes soft from absorbed moisture, ests of the industry in general is th(
These conditions partly result from specific point that engages the eye ol-
the efforts of some persons to econo- the American Bee-Keeper; and while
mize in the amount of postage, candy, every effort that bids fair to enhance
etc., by using small and sciimpy cages, these interests may confidently relj
It is false economy and in the end upon our support, we owe no "allegi
may cost the queen dealers dearly, ance, nor attach any special impor-
Observe the postal regulations more tance to any independent organization
carefully or Uncle Samuel will de- or "inner wheel," simply because an
prive you of the privileges of the apiarian cognomen adorns ite
mails. "shingle?" Oh, no!

A LAME DEFENSE. It" Ri'other Putnam deems it prudem
Defenders of a weak or defenseless to advise his readers to "every om
cause often find their only hope lies follow" all and every bunch thai
in trying to divert the people from the constitutes organized beedom, we havt
real issue, and this seems to be the only to say that we believe
effort of Editor Putnam of the Rural ^^^ unintentionally commits an error,
in his comments on recent articles in O"!" advice is: First investigate
the Bee-Keeper on matters pertaining thoroughly, and if the proposition
to the League He calls the articles Pi'oves meritorious, embrace it with
assaults ^ on'' Mr. York, and attempts '^ '^^^^'^ of zeal worthy of its bene-
to poison the public mind against the f^f^^nt promise. If, however, the in-
league \s a matter of fact the ar- vestigation releases odors suggestive
tide he refers to was conti-ibuted by a of decay, decline it. We hardly think
member of the association, and said '^ ^^»"ld ^^ ^^™"- ^'^^'^''' ^y the way,
to be a statement of facts, putting to mention to a brother producer who,
them in juxtaposition that the busy Perchance, may also contemplate af-
reader might readily compare and tiliatmg himself with what he con-
judge them for himself. Mr. Putnam ^'^I^'"^" ^ -^o^l thing, ' that you had
says, "The only question should be C'«"Sl^t a suspicious whiff. It might
'Who will lead?' " The honey pro- I'^'o^'*' « kindness to him and a benefit
ducers lead, and, according to the to the fraternity of actual producers,
evidence presented, a few editors and Other substances than gold some^
supply men butted in and are striving times glitter. Other "bugs" than
to do the leading. Possibly Mr. Put- bees are known to hum. All "Honey
nam was too busy to read carefully. Pi'oducers' '' societies do not neces-
We think it must be that, for hereto- sarily have honey producers as "lead-
fore he has appeared to be of and for era." It may be wisdom to "follow"
the plain honey producers. them, though, just because they arfe

"leaders" of a "honey producers' "

Do bees sting us because they hate this, that or the other; but we don't

us. or because it amuses them? believe it.

sigOS. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 255

^IH

'1i

FREE CAUCASIANS. allow, one hish-grade breeding qneen,
The following circular lias been re- mrf^^y mated and carefully tested. lu
eived from Dr. E. F. Phillips, acUng addition, several queens whose mat-
charge of Apiculture during the ings are not Icnown will be sent for
bsenee of Prof Benton: drone production, since drones are not

affected bv the mating; all queens,

DISTRIBUTION OF QUEEN BEES. however, will be from good stock, the

It has been customary in the past number to depend on the supply at

or the Bureau of Entomology to dis- ijjj„(j Phe breeder making the re-

ribute a limited number of queen ^^^,est must give evidence of his ability

•ees of the more rare varieties to bee- t^ 1.^^. „ood queens, must agree to

:eepers. This distribution is not In- ^ffer at least 200 pure-bred queens a

ended to be general, since that would y^ar for sale to the general public,

»e impossible; and, to prevent mi-s- ^nd must not' ask for them an exorbi-

mderstanding, the following method, tant price. It is the opinion of the

o be used in all future distributions, Department that 20 per cent more

s announced: than tlie current price for Italian

It is desired that some of the less queens would be fair. It will also be

ommon varieties which have proven expected that in future years the

30 good may become more widely breeder-s will do their utmost toward

mown among the bee-keepers of the the improvement in honey production,

country, to take the place, in as far at the same |time maintaining tlie

is possible, of the common black bees pm-ity of the races. The Bureau will

md of certain strains of Italian bees be glad to aid breeders of this class

rtThich seem to have deteriorated. to its utmost ability, but will not aid

Carniolan bees are very prolific and jn any way a breeder who offers for

ire. at the same time, gentle, and there gale or sells crossed hybrids of the

are records to show that as honey pro- various races, except in the case of

iucers they are excellent. The recent- imtested queens, and even in that

i-Dtly introduced Caucasian bees, which ease, every possible effort .should be

Mtiave attracted considerable attention, made to get pure matings.

•iatare the most gentle bees known at the After this distribution, all inquiries

are present time, and records of honey to the Bureau will be answered by

ere production now coming in indicate that giving a list of reliable breeders, in-

■' r, they are excellent. The Cyprian race, eluding those who have received stock

-lie which has been criticised on account from the Government apiary; and the

Mof its temper, ranks second to none nfime of any breeder who knowingly

Titii in honey production. sends out inferior stock will be drop-

fue- Of these races, the Carniolans are ped. It is not the purpose to interfere

Isold in this country to some extent, with the private business of the per-

•veand the Cyprians in less numbers; so sons receiving queens, but these pre-

i far no queen breeder has offered cautions are taken to protect the bee-

;y, Caucasian queens for sale, and there keepers of the country.

is, without doubt, an opportunity for No applications for queens under

a wide sale of these queens, as evi- other circumstances will be considered.

denced by the requests which come to All applications will be considered in

the Bureau of Entomology. the order of their receipt.

The Bureau can do more toward the Yours respectfully,

wider introduction of these races by L. O. Howard,

inducing reliable men to take up rear- Entomologist,

ing of pure-bred queens than by a Approved:

more general distribution. It is not James Wilson,

the purpose merely to give away Secretary of Agriculture,

queens,, and the future distributions ^ybiie the intentions of the Depart-

will be limited as follows: nient are doubtless the best, we deem

To any experienced queen-breeder the pi"oceedure one, the wisdom of

who will guarantee to rear queens and which may well be questioned. The

mate them purely in considerable American Bee-Keeper would certainly

numbers^ for general sale, the Bureau decline the proffered gift of a Cauca-

will send, as far as the supply will sian queen, and would pray that none

256 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEHPER. December,

of its neighbors might accept; at least, well adapted to the requirements o
until the race has given a better ac- a first-class bonnet bee, because the;
count of itself than now stands to will not sting. In a recent number o
its credit in this country. When a Gleanings, Bro. Root refers to thl
Caucasian queen, for breeding pur- new hobby again, as follows:
poses or otherwise, is desired, a breed- "I have just asked our Mr. Me
er would hardly forego the wish to Pritchard, who has charge of our bees
possess her simply because of the how our imported Caucasians an
usual purchase price. doing, and how their temper is, com

The Caucasian race has now been pared with that of other bees. H'
before the American public for more says they are unquestionably thi
than twenty years. Some, at least, gentlest bees he ever handled. H>
of those who tried them, found them has mauled the hives around in a]
to compare favorably with the sting- sorts of shajies in cool weather, am
less bees of the tropics in the matter the bees paid no attention to it. H
of complete worthlessness. can hardly make them show fight."

It is twenty years since the writer Now, if people kept bees merely fo
had the honor to be introduced to a the pleasure of mauling them around
colony of these meekest of the meek stroking their fur and cares-sing them,
in all beedom. They were as gentle like a poodle dog, all this would be ai
and docile as a sick lamb. Their incentive to put in Caucasians. Bui
docility was exceeded only by their as a general rule, they do not. Mos
laziness; but nothing could exceed in bee-keepers are like Dr. Miller — the;
completeness the perfection of this prefer some honey even if a fe^
latter trait. While supers tiered up stings come with it. However, con
from three to six and even eight upon tinning to comment upon- his inter
colonies of Italians black and Carnio- view with Mr. Pritchard, Mr. Roo
Italian crosses, not a section of sur- says:

plus could the gentle Caucasian be "But they are unsatisfactory in on
induced to store. One of the assis- or two other respects. They do no
tants in the apiary used to say that know enough, he says, to take syru]
they went to the basswood forests at out of a common feeder in the hive
meal-time to eat, but returned with when they are short of stores. H
empty honey sacs; and the condition has been trying to make them pu
of the colony throughout the season the syrup into combs. But it is th
would justify such a belief. old case of leading the horse to wate

It is obviously true that the fore- that Avouldn't drink."
going instance is insufficient to con- If ^Ir. Root's Caucasians are simila
demn the race. We find inferior to those with which we have had t^
strains cropping out in any and all t^o, this trait should cause no surprise
races; but, in view of the fact that Imagine a Caucasian going afoot up
not a single bee-keeper, in all these stains to get something to eat out o
years, in all America, who makes the ^ feeder. Hardly. Tty thinning i
production of honey anv considerable •i"''*t to the consistency of nectar, Bro
busin&ss. has adopted the Caucasian Root, warm it nicely and use a camel'i
as his choice, and in view of the fact Ii^"' li»""sh individually. Dip the brusl
that very adverse reports have been '"to the warm food and politely offei
made in several instances, does the it. We think they could thus be in
reader deem it the part of wisdom at 'I"<'<'fl to take sufficient to sustain life
this time for our Government to "seed" ^t least.

the country with Caucasian blood? Mr Root concludes his commeni
Even the Cyprians have their admirers thus: "Another thing. If the weathei
among honey producers (and heaven is a little cool they will not venturt
knows they are bad enough) but let out of the hive until an hour or ar
us hear from one or two Caucasian hour and a half after the other bees
admirers, with certified reports of are out in the air. This may or may
their honey crops. We're listening, not be a desirable trait in chillj
Hark! weather. At all events, Mr. Pritchard

Editor Root has for some time had thinks the bees are too good-natured
a Caucasian in his bonnet. They are to be good for anything, and that this

1905. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 257

! fcarticular colony will need a lot of 3, 8-ioc. oid stock very duU and slow

mrsing to bring it through winter, sale at low prices. Demand for new crop

)n the other hand, the climate of improving. Batterson & co.

:he Caucasue regions is about the

fame as that of Italy or Florida. If ^*"^^« <^"y- *^°- ^^p^- ''-'^^^ '"^'•^**

he bees are able to sui-vive in Russia °" ^^''« *="'"'' ^°"^^- '^"-^y- '" ^^""^ '''"""^

, • 1 J. i !• ii _!, •„ , at present, the demand exceeding the sup-
;hey might not live through in our piy. 24 section cases selling at »3.00. Extract-
climate. Erven If these bees are not ^^ ^^^^^ ^j^,^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^„^ ^^j,^^
luite equal to Italians for honey- ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ 5^ ^p Beeswax 28c per
gathering the fact that they are so p^^^d. we look for the market to con-
t^ery gentle will make them in demand tinue Arm. c. c. ciemons & Co.
;vith a large number."

^ We think Mr. Pritchard is wise, Cincinnati. Oct. 6.— We are selling North-

,. ind that he is a prophet; but we do em comb honey at from 14-16C per lb. by

'" ,„*- „™..«^ ,,rjj-i, Tj„^ T>„^4- 4-u^i. 4.1^^ the case. The demand for Extracted honey

lot agree with Bro. Root that the j^ ^^^^^ ^quai to the demand, which is good.

Here trait of gentleness is sufficient We continue to sell amber In barrels at

to establish the Caucasian in favor ^ i-4-6c. white ciover, 6%-7%c. we

. , „ pay 30c per lb. for beeswax delivered here.

SVlth even a tew. The Fred W. Muth Company.

Dr. Phillips' ambition to serve the

interests of the fraternity is com- Denver, Oct. 2. — We quote our market to-

nendable indeed; and the mere fact <iay as follows: No. 1 white Comb, per case

, , rn, » „ • -o „ Tj^„ ^ . of 24 sections, $3.00; Light Amber and No.

hat The American Bee-Keeper is 2. per case. 12.75; Extracted honey, 6% -7 %c:

unable to muster a grain of faith in Beeswax, 24c for clean yellow.
the project, does not necessarily Sig- Colorado Honey producers' Association.

Dify that hi« efforts will be productive

.„ 3f no good. Perhaps even a mistake is , Chicago, Nov. 17.-Thtre has been a st^dy

er J, , . , , . J. .. trade in honey to the small dealers who

^preferable to absolute inactivity upon usually lay in a little stock at this time of

the part of the Department of Agri- the year. Prices are practically unchanged.

nnltnrp '^he fancy grades of white comb brings 14 to

j^LuiLuie. ^g cents, that which is a little off 1 to 2

Hi ST,

i.iai

cents less, amber grades 10 to 12 cents.
The Companion as a Christmas Gift. dark and damaged lots 7 to 10 cents, ex-

Can you think of a gift more certain to be tracted white 6 to 7% cents, amber 6 to 7

cents. Beeswax steady at 30 cents.

acceptable than a year's subscription to the jj_ ^_ Burnett & Co.

outh's Companion? Is there any one, young

' or old, who, having once had the paper In his Boston, Oct. 5. — Owing to the warm

•'" bands and looked through it, did not wish to weather prevailing, the demand for honey

te! possess it for his very own? It is a gift has not come up toprevious years. This,

which, far from losing its freshness as together with the very large quantity be-

Chrlstmas recedes Into the past, grows more ing carried over from last year, both by

delightful, more necessarj' to one's enjoy- jobbers and retailers, tends to keep the

t( ment week by week. price and demand down.

The boy likes it, for it reflects in Its Fancy white comb, 15c; No. 1, 14c; No.

pages every boyish taste and every fine 2, 12c; Extracted honey, from 5^-7c.

boyish aspiration. The father likes It, not Blake, Scott & Lee Co.

only for the fiction but for its fund of In-

formation of the practical sort. The girl

likes it for the stories, anecdotes, sketches THE GERMAN HONEY MARKET.

and editorial articles printed in each num- •

ber especially for her. The mother likes It ^he following quotations of the Hamburg

for Its stories of domestic life and family h^ney market were sent us by Mr. Wm.

affection, for its children's page and for Its Hesse, a German subscriber. They are very

medical article. interesting, not only because of the fact

On receipt of $1.75, the yearly subscription ^j^at "California" gets "top," but for the
price, the publishers send to the new sub- reason that "Cuba" brings one-tenth of a
scrlber all the remaining Issues of the Com- ^ent more than "Havana." Another inter-
panion for 1905 and the "Minutemen" Cal- esting question arises in this connection:
endar for 1906, lithographed In twelve col- From what Is this "Domingo" goods gath-
ers and gold. ered, that It should so nearly approximate

Full Illustrated Announcement of the new "California?" However, here is the list :

volume for 1906 will be sent with sample Hamburg, Germany, Oct. 5, 1905.

copies of the paper to any address free. Extracted.— California, 5% -6 per lb; Chile,

,.. ^'^3'f YOUTH'S COMPANION, 4.4; Cuba 3.9; Domingo. ?.l; Havana, 3.8

144 Berkeley Street, BOSTON. MASS. Mexican 4 6

Beeswax. — Brazil, 30.2-32.2; Angola, 29.1-
HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET. 30.2; Chile, 30; Cuba, 30.2; Domingo, 29.1-
29.7; Madagascar, 28.6-29.7; Marocco, 29.7;

Buffalo. Sept. 5.-We quote fancy white ^-^tabf, '^i;!!:kpan, 12.1; Caraula.
new comb honey at 14-15c; No. 2, ll-12c; No. 30.1-42.2.

INDEX TO VOLUME XV, 1905.

SUBJECTS:

A Base Reflection 37

A B C of Bee Culture, The New 21

Abolish the Feeding Practice 188

About Sweet Clover 17 2

Accepted 170

Adaptability Required 140

Advance of The American Bee-Keeper. . 102

Advantage of Drawn Combs 164

A Handy Cage 64

A "Good Scheme" 115

Agrees With Mr. Miller 220

A Handy Device 90

A Lame Defense. 2ri4

Bee-Keepers' Institute, A 20

A Large Gill of Refreshment 74

Alfalfa Growing 54

American Apiculture 25, 50

An Autumn Prayer , 217

An Explanation 22 8

And Each With a Virgin 121

A New Bee Book 126

An Old Straw Skep IS

Another Postal Card from Pat 232

Another Visit from the Deacon's Ghost. . 14

Another Secret Out 163

Apiculture for Women 23

Apiarian Patents, New 34

Artificial Ripening 72

A Visit to Dr. Blanton 136

August In the Apiary 152

A New Hive and Its Management 165

A Point of Law 186

A Review 149

A Standard of Strength 165

A Veteran Apiarist 175

A Venerable Student 204

A Wanton Waste 171

Beautiful Magazine 168

Bee Calendar, A Beautiful 36

Bee Pranks 39

Bee Books, Ancient and' Modern 52

Bee-Keeping not a Precarious Business. . 65

Bee-Keepers Hold Meeting 83

Bee-Keeping 126

Bee Culture in Japan 201

Bee Experts Hunt Queens for Prizes 206

Bees Capture a Car 171

Bees Hatching Eggs 211

Bees in the Home 184

Bees' Mysterious Action 118

Bees Removing Eggs 225

Beginner's Questions 79

Behind the Times 120

Best Kind of Hive Tool 236

Bottling Extracted Honey 177

Brushed Swarms '-■'i'?

Building L'p Weak Colonies 117

Burlap for the Smoker 63

Cabbage , Palmetto, The 191

Call for Nominations 186

California Honey Producers 182

Camping Out 162

Candied Honey 168

Can Hardly Wait 18

Capt. Robinson's Cuban Apiary 38

Caucasians 232

Chaff from the "Chillisquaque Apiaries." 63

Chicago Convention, The ., 214

Climate and Honey. The 109

Clarifying Extracted Honey 100

Cleaning Beeswax 226

Cleaning Cappings 136

Cleaning Combs 185

Cloistering Hive 166

Color of Honey Affected by Conditions... 64
Color of Wax 212

Comb Honey 1

Comb Honey in Cuba

Comb Honey Rules 1

Comparative Tests of New and Old Foun-
dation 1

Consumption of Sweets Declining 1

Convenient Colony Record, A 1

"Cutting a Queen Bee's Wing" 1

Cutting the Bee Tree 1',

Disadvantages of Unpreparedness

Diseases of Bees '.

Disposing of the Honey Crop II

Don't Discourage the Philadelphian 1'

Don't Do It At All 1

Down With Sugar Feeding :

Drones and Virgin Queens 1-

Drones Are All Right 2

Dubini's Bee-Keeping 2

Dupes 1

Dysentery 185, 1

Educating Bees 1

Effect on Bees of Cold and Moisture •

Evaporation '

Evaporation of Nectar 1'

Evidently from Ohio 1'

Extracted Honey Rules 1

Explanation of Standard of Honey 2

Extracting P.eeswax 2

Extracting Unsealed Honey

Extractor, The Use of

Factions of the Craft

Failure in Idaho 2

Favors American Hives 1

Feeding Bees

Feeding Larvae 1

Feeding Out of Doors 1

Feeding Sugar Syrup 2

Feeding Syrup in January

Final Ripening

Fixing the Price of Honey 1

Flat Foolishness , 2

Folly of Tinkering with Bees 13S, 2'

Foolish Virgins, The 2

Forced Swarms

Foreign Competition

For Local Shipping 1

Formic Acid in Honey 1

For Tariff Revision 1

Foul Brood in New Zealand 2-

Foul Brood, Treatment of

Foul Brood Preventives 2:

Foundation in Section Honey 1!

Friction of the Faction* 1

Free Caucasians - 2

From An Australian Reader 1

From Frying-Pan to Fire H

From the Farm Papers (

General Advice IJ

General Notes 1(

German Convention, A 21

Getting Ready to Move In K

"Going-to-Bees," The

Gobbler and Bees, The 1

Good .Schedule 21

Gov. Folk's Veto 1^

Grading Honey IJ

Granulation. To Prevent If

Grading Rules If

Greater Care Needed in Mailine Queens . '2'
Handling Bees and the Honey Crop with

Profit 6

Handling Robbers 13

Handy Way to Hold a Queen While Clip-
ping 17

Hardscrabble Interview 3

Hewitt-Benton Discussion, The 5

Have They Different Odors? 14

Ileddon's Own Style 21

1905.

INDEX.

259

ershlser Combined Hive Stand and

Bottom-Board *3

igh Pressure Stimulation ^ -^''l

Istorical Scraps 1 *"

ive Improvements 142

ive-Opening Tool, A 158

ive Stand, A New Combined 159

iving Swarms 1**

-offman Frames 2

[omemade Hive Paint 121

:oney Crop Short 193

[oney Markets of Germany, The 53

[oney Market Unusually Dull 82

[oney As An Ointment 101

[oney Market Day 210

[oney Producers' League, The 91, 104

[oney Producers' League 196

[oney Thieves 224

loney vs. Lumber 184

loney Shoe-Blacking 212

loneysuckles 129

loney, The Standard of Excellence In... 104

loney Vinegar, Making 100

low to Run a Bee Paper 63

low to Clip Queens 88

iow to Successfully Run An Out-Aplary

for Comb Honey 113

How to Keep Bees" 147

lustling California 167

[dentifying Honey 2o2

[11 Effect of Their Own Vine and Fig

Tree 164

[n the "B" Class 238

[nversion 130

[nvention of the Extractor 120

In Search of Foreign Races of Bees ....130

Introducing Queens 210

Irish Wit 80

Irish-English Controversy 216

Italian Bee, The 66

Jefferson Co., N. Y., B.-K. Convention... 61

Just Fills the Gap 101

Just "Catching On" 142

Labels for Extracted Honey 235

Large and Small Hives 184

Larval Queen, The 46, 72

Late Breeding 162

Law of the Bees, The 216

Laying Workers 162

Loss of Queens in Parent Colony 116

Long Memories 166

Long Lived 166

Looking for the Ideal Bee 208

Looking Backward 232

"May Bee" 21

May Be So 143

May Be So in Germany 142

Missouri, The Season in 18

Missing Essentials 124

Missouri Foul Brood Bill 124

Mississippi Notes 135

Mixes His Bees 212

Miller's Wax Extractor 244

Moore's Queen-Rearing Apiary 221

More About "Bee Stealers" 34

Mr. Miller's Greeting 102

Must Have Been Cyprians 171

Must Be a Little One 101

Naphtaline and Foul Brood 184

National Convention 141

National Election, The 76

Natural Law 215

Newspaper Version, A 40

New Zealand Notes 209

Night Work 71

Nobility and Bees 121

None Too Soon 120

Not All the Time 195

Not Foul Brood 64

Notes by Swarthmore 89

National Convention Postponed 250

Notes from Germany, 16, 35, 55, 77, 120,

142, 161, 182, 210, 227

Slam 17

Switzerland, 17, 35, 56, 142,

210, 230
Austrla,17, 35, 55, 142, 161, 228

Turkey 17

Madagascar 36

France, 56, 78, 162, 184, 210, 228

Asia Minor 56

German Southwest Africa ... 56

Dahomey 78

Belgium 100, 121, 144, 162

Bulgaria 121

Italy 121, 211

Holland 121

Bohemia 121

Spain 142, 110

German East Africa 143

Siberia 162

Sumatra 184

Egypt 110

EJngland 211

Objects to Flour 120

Odors ' 125

Odor Theory Again 188

Odor Theory Out of Order 132

Old Enough to Be Good 210

Old Bees for Nurses 252

On the Wing '^1

Orange Blossom Honey 125

Packing Comb Honey for Shipment in
Car Lots HO

Patents

222

Pennsylvania State Convention 36

Perforated Zinc is Better 121

Pliny on Alfalfa 236

Politics in the Apiary 180

Political Economy of Bee Culture, The... 193

Popularizing Honey 205

Prefers Side Storing 163

Prefers the Swltzer 142

Prejudice 59

Preparedness 1^1

Preserve Your Bee-Keepers 190

Probably Correct 229

Producing Beeswax 148

Prof. Benton Off for Dorsata 124

Prof. Sladen's Book 149

Profitable Marketing 155

Profitable Season in Ireland 182

Progressiveness H"

Program of the National Convention. .. .212

Progressive Box-Hive Bee-Keepers 228

Propolis from Start to Finish 95

Protecting Combs 162

Public Library 210

Punic Bees 10, 33, 59

Queens' Capacity 251

Queen Cells 229

Queens Die in the Malls 120

Queenless Colonies 136

Queen-Rearing Obstacles 3

Questions for Dr. P.lanton 249

Receives Government Appointment 21

Removing Propolis from the Hands 177

Removing Propolis 188

Retail Honey Tank 210

Review of Volume XrV

Ripening of Honey, The 70

Root Wouldn't Indorse It 143

Rule that Works Two Ways 120

Save the Natural Cells 210

Says It's a Mystery 142

Science in Apiculture 104

Sectional Hives 136

Seeks American Capital 143

Separating Swarms 212

Shallow vs. Deep Frames 96

Shouldn't Object to Profit 210

260 INDEX. December,

f^K^''f^°^o^'f "y?" V ^^^ ^'hat D° You Think? 20

S bbald s Controlled bwarming 1C8 Where Should the Sections Be'. 248

S.mmins- Book, A Review of 42 Wholesale Absconding Ifi4

Simmins Method, The 211 Who Was First' To,

Sixty Years Among the Bees, Whose Be They' ico

29, 65, 85, lOS, 133, 222 Who Was Right? ISS

So He Says lOl Why Not Try the Pigs ? . . .' 229

Sophism 16S Will Woman Be Appointed? ....■.;;■■■■ 83

Sophora Japonica 124 Winter Conditions ' ' qX

Sounds All Right 165 Winter Consumption 911

Spring Inspection 212 Wintering .... lot

Sunk Ten Thousand Dollars in Bees 60 Wintering 229

Straw Skeps ....... 33 Wintering Bees in ' Swarthmore ' 'likting

btahlman s Report for 1904 4 Boxes TIS

Starved or Frozen 144 Wintering ' Results '!'.] '.l ! \l

Ifartling If True 181 Wintering Without Combs .'.'.'.'. 164

Steadily W e Grow 125 Wiring Brood Frames . . 38

Sugar Feeding 174 Work in Bee Culture ... 75

Smoker Without Smoke 185 Work in the Out Yard 2''3

Sunshine in Winter 211 Worse Than a Flea '.'. iSi

btarters for Swarms 'i.^U Worth Remembering 193

Status of Bee-keeping in Massachusetts 24.'j Yates County, N. Y., B.-K. Convention"

Study the Bee 214

Report 74

Subduing Bees 121 Young vs. ' Old B^es ' ." .' .' .' .' .' .' ." .' .' ." .' .' .' ." ." .' ." ." ' I85

Sugar Habit, The 240

Swarming 5

Swarthmore Demonstration 12

Swarming and Wintering Results 27 INDKX TO TT T tt^tr a ttoxto

Take It With a Grain of Salt 229 ^^NDH^X TO ILLUSTRATIONS.

Take Your Choice 162 Apiary of J. P. Moore 221

Test for Honey Dew 101 capt. Robinson's Cuban Apiary ! ! ! ! ! 29

Testing for (.lucose 2.d1 Convenient Colony Record 179

?estlnf wTx ^''' 1^ ^'•- ^'^"*°" ^' Home .....Ill

lesting wax 185 Hardscrabble's Ghost 15

Ti^erinl Ud'' i^l Hershiser's Hive Stand 44/45

a ering up 154 Honey Formula 81

T^%e:: ^^""^"^^ Hunting Queens ....•.■.-.206: "207

The Call o--theFVeids-::::::::::::;:::::ii7 f p^nes^ ^ee Appu^^,,,

rp, ^ ,. ^ . '■,' J. G. b. bmall 209

I he Caucasus Mountains 243 j^y^ Hewitt co

?l;e gSu^r^HVney-;:::::::::;;:^^^ ^^ ^{f^^'^r^'^^"-'- •-•■--

The Farm 107 May Tee ^"^'^'"^ ^"'- \1?

?he Rla^Ld the unrear.::v.;;::v.;:-.m ^i- ^°-«'^ v^^^-^^^^^ p'-- 154, 155

The Wonderful Queen 163 ^l' tt,.'"r^'' .?".^'"f ■^°'^" ^'^^^ "'"

The Wood Robin 173 ^'^- St"tmatter's Apiary 91

Theory vs. Practice 202 f/' o^^^''^'" W v- V ' " ' ^ "'''^

— - - Mr. Greiner's Buckwheat Comb 115

They Don't Fit 163

They Indicate the' Plow ■::::::::;;::::; ; 230 ^^^^ combined Hive stand 159

They Know Us Now «0 ek,-b..^f/^'f,!': •^: " '.; 23

This Is Funny 80

Those May Follow Who Will 2.'S4

Reinforced With Brood 114

Stahlman's Apiary 3

Tobacco for Queen Introduction 168 ^*"*'?%"^^;^ ^"^.^^'^^ J°™ ^°

To Educate the Public 169 I^t ^^^ ^"i?- ^^ Brodbeck 73

"Too Thin" 121 ^^^ Q"««" 131

Top Entrances 228, 230

To Prevent Swarming 185

%Ws' .'''°'^!'. .^"^. .''.°"'":^.''!''!"^. .112 CORRESPONDENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS.

?rift h wfl l" p'ri^""'''^ Wanting ■ .' ." ! .' ." .' ! .' 1 4 2 Nixon Waterman, P. W. Stahlman. Arthur
Truth Will Prevail 125 c. Miller, Adrian Getaz, Joe Pen, J. E.

TT^iHn^^ rr^i^ni;,' ill -Johnson, C. E. Woodward, Rev. J. A. Kempe.

Uniting Co onles 121 Fred A. Parker, John Dufford D H Zenck-

Unjust Trait of Human Nature, A 127 er, John Ware, J. W. Tefft. Bessie'L. Put-
Uses a Roller to Elevate the Honey 165 nam, Richard Curry, L. M. Gulden, CS

Uses for Beeswax 163 Harris, W. J. Davis, J. L. Byer A J

VnW^f"fMr^^ ;,-n;v. J^f B^''"^", Swarthmore, John Hewitt J. H

Voice of the Sluggard. The 226 Andre, S. H. Cheney, Thos. Chantry, N E

w^r^' Information 82 France. O. L. Hershiser, Frank W. Proctor

w«t?i Shower Needed 121 Fred Stroschein, F. Grelner, O. F. Martin

Watch It Next Year 229 K. M. Waldron, Geo. B. Howe, O. C. Fuller

w^l*""!"/ u ^^M • ■ • V r. ^** ^- °- Townsend, Spectator, Prof^ U O

Wax Adulteration Suspected 178 Howard, Yon Yonson, W. F. Marks Jno

Wax Adulteration 189 McNall. J. K. Reese, F. J. Stritmatt^r, w!

WaxAdulteratio. 24(. z. Hutchinson. T. K. Massie. J B Hall

W^ H^ven'tTrtrd It Jfi4 ^""''^ ^^ ""•' ^'°'- ^^"^ Benton ' A "a!

^e Cot -Fm Bp«t" L l^^-e^ch. G. M. Doolittle, Thos. I. Weston, R.

We Got Em Beat 80 Nash, Henry Reddert E H Dewev Dr n

Western Bee Journal Sold 190 m. Blanton.^redW Muth W W '^'M^Nea^;

oe Cone. J. Milton Weir, Geo. B. Howe, E.
, Pratt, M. F. Reeve, Otto Luhdorff, Geo.
V. York, Richard Herbert Gesner, F. W.
[unt, Henry E. Horn, Leo F. Hanegan, N.
^. K. A. Member, Burton N. Gates, Dr. W.
:'. Claussen, Thos. B. Darlington, E. F.
twater, J. G. S. Small, Geo. M. Saunders,
W. Gillilan, J. R. McKenzie, W. F. Mc-
ready, Fred G. Hill, Allen Latham.

\ and 5'Banded Italian
and Carniolan Queens.

Say friends, you who have support-
ed us during the past season, we
desire to express our thanks for
your patronage in the past, and
respectfully solicit a continuance of
your valued favors through the sea-
son of 1904.

Our queens now stand upon their
merits and former record. We are
preparing for next season, and seek-
ing the patronage of large apiarists
and dealers. We do not claim that
our queens are superior to all oth-
ers, but that they are as good as
the best. We will furnish from one
to a thousand at the following
prices: '""sted of either race, $1;
one unte d, 75c., 5 for $3.25, 10
for $6, 15 for $8.25, 25 for $12.50, 50
for $23.50, 100 for $45.
For descriptive circulars address,

JOHN W. PHARR, Prop.,

New Century Queen Rearing Co., Ber-
clair, Goliad Co., Texas.

Read This and Do It Quick

AU One
Year $1.40.

Without

Gleanings

80 Cents.

The Modern Farmer,

Green's Fruit Grower,

Agricultural Epitomist,

The Mayflower and

Ten Beautiful Flowering Bulbs,

Gleanings in Bee Culture,

American Bee-Keeper.

Without Gleanings and American Bee-Keeper
50c. Good only a short time. Address

Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo.

Box 15.

The clean farm paper.

Every person who keeps pigeons, Belgian
hares, cavies, dogs, cats or a pet of any
kind to send for a free sample of the

PET STOCKjtPAPER

Address Box 20.

York, Pa.

THE BEGINNER

In bee-keeping can find Just the
information he needs in the Begin-
ners' Department of the Rural Bee-
Keeper.

The Amateur can find instruction In
our question department and J $ J
in our market reports.

The Foreign bom bee-keeper will
get news from home in our Beedom
Abroad.

The Professional can Interchange
Ideas with the best bee-keepers In
the world through the columns of
the Kural Bee-Keeper.

Subscribe now. $1 a year (month-
ly.)

Bee Hives and Supplies, all kinds.
Catalogue free.

REPRESENTED BY:

J. J. Wilder, Cordele, Ga.

8. S. Huth & Son, San Antonio, Tex.

Morgan Bros., VermiUion, S. Dakota.

W. H. Putnam

RIVER FALLS, WISCONSIIT

To Subscribers of

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER

And Others!

Until Further Notice

We Will Send The

Country
Journal

to any address in the U. S. A. one
year for 10 cents, providing you mention
American Bee-Keeper.

The Country Journal treats on Farm,
Orchard and Garden, Poultry and Fash-
ion. It's the best paper printed for
the price.

Address

The Country Journal,

otf. Allentown, Pa.

We will send The American Bee-
Keeper three full years for $1.00.

ONE-HALF INCH SPACE ONE TEAR ON THIS PAGE, $3.00.

W. J. DAVIS, l8t, YOUNGSVII.LE, PA.,

breeder of choice Italian Bees and Queens
Quality, not quantity, is my motto.

DEWEY'S HARDY HONEY GATHERERS.—

Reared under swarming impulse through-
out the year. Large, strong, healthy. Send
for card, 'Can I Control Swarming." Original.
Untested, 75c., 6 for $5.00; tested, $1.50, 6
for $5.00. Choice, $2.50. High grade breeders,
$2.00 to $10. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barrington,
Mass.

QUEENS HERE. — We are still asking you
to give us your trade. We sell Italians,
Goldens and Carnlolans at 75c for untested
and $1.00 for tested. Prices on quantities
and nuclei upon application. JOHN W.
PHARR, Berclair, Texas. Jan6

SWARTHMORE APIAREES, SWARTH-
MOORE, PA. — Our bees and queens are the
brightest Italians procurable. Satisfaction
brightest Italians known. Satisfaction guar-
anteed. 'V e are breeding the Caucasians
absolutelj pure fromi direct imported stock.

W. W'. CARY & SON, LYONSVILLE, MASS.

— Breeders of choice Italian bees and
queens. Imported Leather and Root's Red
Clover strains. Catalogue and price list free.

MOORE'S LONG-TONGUED STRAIN of

Italians become more and more popular
each year. Those who have tested them know
why. Descriptive circular free to all. Write
J. P. MOORE, L. Box 1, Morgan, Ky.

HONEY QUEENS AND BEES FOR SALE.—

I extracted 300 pounds per colony in 1903.
THOS. WORTHINGTON, Leota, Miss. Aug6

PUNIC BEES. — All other races are discard-
ed, after trial of these wonderful bees.
Particulars post free. JOHN HEWITT & CO.,
Sheffield, England. Jan6

THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, O. — Breeders
of Italian bees and queens.

THE FRED W. MUTH CO., 51 Walnut St.,
Cincinnati, O. Standard Bred Red Clover
Three-banded Queens, Golden Italians and
Carniolans. Safe arrival guaranteed. Send
for circular.

QUEENS from Jamaica any day In the year.
Untested, 66c.; tested, $1.00; select tested,
$1.50. Our queens are reared from the very
finest strains. GEO. W. PHILLIPS, Sav-La-
Mar P. O., Jamaica, W. I. 5-5

D. J. BLOCHER, Pearl City, HI.— Breeder of

Fine Italian Bees and Queens. Our stock

speaks for itself. Safe arrival of all stock

guaranteed. Free information. Jan6

LAWRENCE C. MILLER has sold out his
"Providence Queen" business to Cull & Wil-
liams, Providence, R. I. See large ad else-
where.

C. H. W. WEBER, Cincinnati, O.— (Cor, Cen-
tral and Freeman Aves. ) — Golden Yellow,
Red Clover and Carniolan queens, bred from
select mothers in separate apiaries.

JOHN M. DAVIS, Spring HiU, Tenn.— Has

greatly enlarged and improved his queen-
rearing facilities. Two unrelated Carniolans
and a dark leather Italian lately imported.
My own strains of three-band and golden:
"Moore's" long-tongue; Doolittle's golden; all
selects. Carniolans mated to Italian drones
when desired. No disease. Circular free.

QUIRIN-THE-QUEEN-BREEDER, has an

exceptionally hardy strain of Italian bees;
they wintered on their summer stands within
a few miles of bleak Lake Erie . Send for
free circular. Bellevue, Ohio. 5-5

HOOPER BROS.' Italian Queens reared In
the West Indies are the most prolific and
give the best results available any time of
the year. Write at once for information to
Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. I., Box 162.
Nov. 6.

HONFY DEALERS' DIRECTORY

l^fUnder this heading' will be inserted, for reliable dealers, two lines one
year for $1.25. Additional words, 12c a word. No announcement can
be accepted for less than one year at these rates.^^

OHIO.

H. W. WEBEK, Freeman and Central
Aves., Cincinnati, Ohio. If for sale, mail
sample, and state price expected, delivered
in Cincinnati. If in want, vviite for prices,
and state quality and quantity desired.

5-5

VE are always In the market for extracted
honey, as we sell unlimited quantities. Send
us a sample and your best price delivered
here. The Fred W. Muth Co., 51 Walnut

St., Cincinnati, O. 5-5

COLORADO.

THE COLORADO HONEY PRODUCERS'
ASSOCIATION, 1440 Market St., Denver,
Colo. 5

ILLINOIS.

R. A. BURNETT & CO., 199 South Water
Street, Chicago. 5-5

Cent=a=Word Column.

AGENTS WANTED. — To sell advertising
novelties, good commission allowed. Send
for catalogue and terms. American Manu-
facturing Concern, Falconer, N. T.

THE BUSY MAN'S METHOD OF REARING
GOOD QUEENS. — This leaflet describes
the method used in rearing the Hardy
Honey Gatherers (read elsewhere), and if
carefully followed will produce queens of
great merit. No loss of brood, no cell-cups,
and but litttle time required. Large queens
tinder swarming impulse. Nothing artificial
about it. Every queen-breeder needs it.
Price 25 cents. E. H. DEWEY, Gt. Barring-
ton, 3Ias8.

INCREASE is a handsome little book telling
how to form new colonies without break-
ing working stocks. A simple, sure satis-
factory plan. 2 5c. Baby Nuclei tells how
to mate many queens from sections with a
mere handful of bees. 42 pages, 20 pic-
tures, 50c. Cell Getting tells how to save
labor In rearing queens, 50c. Queen rear-
ing outfits. Golden all-over and Caucasian
Queens. Circulars free. E. L. PRATT,
Swarthmore, Pa.

Bee-Keepcrs

We carry a full line of Fal
goner's Bee-keepers' Sup-
plies, and that means the
best, and sell them at factory
prices, f.o.b. Savannah, Ga.
Order from us and save freight
charges. Catalogue free for
the asking.

Harden & Rourk

Savannah, Ga.

National

Beekeepers'

Convention

CHICAGO, DEC. 19. 20, 21

Make Your Headquarters at our Chicago
agency — York Honey and Bee Supply
Co., H. M. Arnd, Mgr., 141 Ontario
Street, where you will be cordially
welcomed. Respectfully,

Q. B. LEWIS CO.

Watertown, Wis.

Learn Telegraphy and R. R. Accounting

$50 to $100 per month salary assured our
graduates under bond. You don't pay
us until you have a position. Largest •
system of telegraph schools in America.
Endorsed by all railway oflflcials. Ope-
rators always in demand. Ladles also
admitted. Write for Catalogue.

MORSE SCHOOL OF TELEGRAPHY

Cincinnati, C, Buffalo, N. T., Atlanta, Qa.

Texarkana, Tex., San Francisco, Cal.
Nov. 5. LaCrosse, Wis.

Our Special Premium Offer.

We have been successful in closing a contract with the Selden Pen Mfg. Co.
of New York, whereby for a limited time we can supply a guaranteed

$ 2.00 Gold Fountain Pen.

"THB CElTRIC model i"

and the American Bee-Keeper one year for only 90 cents, to every subscriber,
OLD or NEW. The pen will be forwarded immediately upon receipt of the
money. It is made of the best quality of hard rubber in four-parts, and fitted
with a guaranteed irridium pointed 14-k GOLD PEN. The "fountain" Is
throughout of the simplest construction and can not get out of order, overflow,
or fail to supply ink to the nib.

"A Fountain Pen is a Necessity
of The Twentieth Century."

It dispenses with the inconvenient Inkstand and Is always ready for use.

i'T'LT'n' /^T7T T'T?!/^ 1WfOT>T7T 1* bears the manufacturer's guarantee that
J.rXC V-HI-XXVIV- VflKJl^C.!^ * the pen is solid GOLD, 14-k fine. If
does not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or re-
turn the fifty cents additional upon return of the pen.

This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article
of superior quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience
of every one who writes. REMEMBER that the offer la for a short time only.

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y.

> — '^.-*-

Special Notice
to Bee-l^eepers.

BO STO N

Money in Bees for You

Cata'og Price on ^

Root's Supplies

Catalog for the Asking

r. H. TARIVtER, 182 FRIEND STREET,
BOSTON, MASS.

> Up First Flight

mm

YOU CAN DO IT

AGENTS

Medallions "Peuro or Pearl" New Me-
dallions, Quick sellers. Big money.
Write at once. Special territory
given. Largest Medallion Co. in the
World. Agents' supplies. Novelties
up-to-date. Write now.

Universal Mannfactnring Co.,

Pittsburg, Fa.

Chance

Of a Life Time.

100 ^^^^^^ *° ^^^^

Belgfians

Send for particulars and sample copy
of the only

Belgian Hare Journal

Published in America.

Judge R. J. FINLEY,

227 Lamb St , MACON, Mo^

Fifty Cent
Beeswax

The right quahty will easily
bring this price. For full
particulars write to us.

Cull & Williams

Providence, R. I.

Falconer's Fine Bee Goods
Providence Queens

Three MontJis for Only PQ Cents,
To a A ew Subscriber.

THE

AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL

Established i7i 1861

It is the only weekly bee paper in America.
Those who write for it are among the most
extensive and successful bee-lseepers in the
world. Many of them produce honey by the
ton, and make money at the business, hence
their experience is valuable.

Among the Departments Represented in the
Bee Journal Are These:

Editorial Notes and Comments; Mis-
cellaneous News Items; Contributed
Special Articles: Opinions of Some Ex-
perts; Proceedings of Conventions; Our
Bee-Keeping Sisters; Mr. Hasty's After-
thoughts; Dr. Miller's Answers to
Questions; Honey and Beeswax Mar-
ket Quotations.

Every bee-keeper, whether having one
colony or 100, should read the old American
Bee Journal every week.

Only $1.00 a year; or 20 cents for a trial trip
of three months, (13 copies), to a new sub-
scriber. Sample copy free. Ask for it.

George W. Yorh % Co.

334 Dearborn Street

Chicago Illinois

Big Song Book

"Polly, I Love But "You," words and mu-
sic; "Piking the Pike," "Just Because
I'm From Missouri," "Hiawatha,"
"Navajo," "Bedella," "Josle," "Only a
Factory Girl," "Flirting at the Sea-
shore," "The Little Brown Man of Ja-
pan," "Come Down, Miss Mallnda," "Ma
Ragtime Ebony Belle," and 44 other
popular songs, all In one book, and sent
postpaid for only 10 cents We will also
send a coupon good for 10 cents to
every one mentioning In what paper they
saw this ad.

This is a special offer to introduce our
goods, so send at once.

H. D. LEADER CO.

tf GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

MUSIC LOVERS

BIG MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR TEN CENTS

Send us 10 cents in silver, together
with the names of ten persons who
get mall at your postofRce who are
interested In MUSIC, and we will
send you our handsome magazine
one year. We receive hundreds of
new subscriptions daily from per-
sons who think our magazine a big-
ger bargain than Harper's, Mun-
sey's. Ladies' Home Journal, or
McClure's. This Is a special offer
for a short time only.

OUR SUBSCRIPTION PRICE MAY
ADVANCE TO $1 PER YEAR SOON

BERGES PUBLISHING CO.

Dept. H. D. Grand Rapids, Mich.

r

HERE'S YOUR CHANCE!

A PLAN BY WHICH MAGAZINE LOVERS MAY SECURE

THE COSMOPOLITAN

AT REGULAR RATE AND

THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Free

FOR ONE YEAR

Read every word of this announcement,
or it is the opportunity of years. This
year several magazines have increased
their subscription price, which shows
how much greater this offer really is
Only a limited number will be sold at the
price, therefore we advise everyone to ac-
cept this without delay. When we have
received a certain number, we shall with-
draw the offer.

Cosmopolitan

having now passed to the ownership of
the most successful publishing house in
existence, the Hearst organization, will
shortly become the most widely read mag-
azine in America. Over

500,000 Copies a Month

will shortly be required to fill the demand,
while within the year it will outrank every
other magazine in this country. "The
best, no matter what it costs," is the motto
of its editors, therefore it will be in Cos-
mopolitan that vou will find the writers of
world-wide reputation; the matters on
which they write will be questions on pub-
lic tongue; its fiction will be masterpieces
of pen-craft; its whole contents will set
the standard for magazine perfection. We
cannot tell today who will be its contrib-
utors, for tomorrow's sun may shine upon
a new-born Conan Doyle, or the author of
another "David Harum," and should such
be, you will find it in Cosmopolitan.

Our Extraordinary Offer

TO EITHER NEW OR OLD SUBSCRIBERS.

As noted above, we have secured a limited number of subscriptions to Cosmopolitan which
we offer as a premium with American Bee-Keeper, for one year as follows:

American Bee-Keeper, one year, - - $ .50 \
Cosmopolitan, one year, = = - - I.OO \

Fill out this coupon — cut it oil — mail it TODAY — and secure the greatest bargain that will ever be ollered to the
reading public. Do It today, sure.

Both for only = = $1.00

CUT THIS COUPON OFF, AND SEND TODAY.

AMERICAN BEE-KEEPhR: Date

I accept your ofifer of American Bee-Keeper and Cosmopolitan, both for one year
for only $1.00.

Name Street

Town State

/AGENTS Wanted 'wasting Mach-m

feS.

You can double your money Gvery time you sell one

md they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They
ire cheaper than e^er. Catalogue Free.

The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y.

PROFIT

By Studying Our

Home Nursing Series

New Books for the Home.

i o w e — "TRe Expectant " Mother,"
12mo., net 50

■Cilmer — "Practical Care of the Baby,"
12mo., Extra Cloth $1.00

-app — "The Daughter," Extra Cloth... 1.00

Guernsey — "Plain Talks on Avoided
Subjects," l-O®

F. A. DAVIS CO., Publishers

MALL ORDER I>EPT.
1914-16 Cherry St. - - Philadelphia, Pa.

National Bee*.Keepers' Association,

The largest bee-keepers' society in the
world .

Organized to protect and promote the
interests of its members.

Membership Fee, $1.00 a Year.

N.E. FRANCE, Platteville, Wis.,

General Manager and Treasure!

Sunshine

is gaining ad-
miration as a
popular liter-
a r V family
— — ^— ^^— ^— "^ IVIAGAZINE.

It entertains its readers with good,
short stories, sketches and poems by the
most famous authors of the day and is
a magazine of superior merit.

It is a welcome visitor in every home.

Price 25 cents a year.

We wish to have our magazine in your
vicinity and as a special offer for new
readers we will send you

Sunshine lor I Year for lOc.

Think of it, less than one cent a copy.
Can't you act as our agent?

ADD. MAYES PfeJB. CO.,

LOUISVrLLE, - - - - KENTUCKT.

When writing to advertisers please
mention The American Bee-Keeper.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anvone sending a sketch and description may
Quicklv ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably patentable. Communica-
tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents
sent tree. Oldest agency for securing patents.

P.atents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the

Scientific Jimerican.

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Ternis, f d a
year ; four months, fl. Sold by all newsdealers.

MUNN XCc^^'^^"^"*^^' New York

Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, ». C.

A Boon
For

PoflltrrKeer'^

flow we make our hens pay 400
per ceut^ profit, new system, our
own method, fully explained in
our Illustrated Poultry Book which contains
Poultry Keepere' Acc'tand Egg Record showing
gains or losses evBL- month for one year. Worth 25
cts, sent to vou for It c. if you will send names of A
poultry keepers with your order. Address,
G. S. VIBBERT. P.B. 66. Clintonville. Conn-

Are You Looking for a Home?

No farmer should think of buying land
before seeing a copy of THE FARM ANI>
REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It contains
the largest list of lands for sale of any
paper published in Iowa. Reaches 30,000
readers each issue, and is one of the best
advertising mediums to reach the farmers
and the Homeseekers that you can ad-
vertise in. For 75c. we will mail you the
Journal for 1 year, or for ten cents in
silver or stamps we will send you the
Journal 2 months on trial. Address,

Farm and Real Estate Journal,

TRAER, TAMA CO., IOWA.
10-tf.

10

Weeks
Cents

We wish every reader of the American Bee-Keeper to become acquainted]
Gleanings in Bee Culture. We extend a cordial invitation in our offer to send yc
paper ten weeks for ten cents.

There is no bee paper in the world like Gleanings. Its aim is to meet the nee
every bee-keeper everywhere and it does it. Whether you own one colony or a
sand, or are merely interested, you cannot afford to miss a single number. GleaJ
is progressive. Every number is an improvement over the last.

CONTRIBUTORS— It is useless to state that Gleanings excels in this poi
regular department is edited by Dr. C. C. Miller, G. M. Doolittle, Prof. A. J.
J. A. Green and Louis Scholl. These names speak for themselves for they are th
writers of the day. Every issue contains articles from the pens of the best bee-k
all over the land. A list of them would be the catalog of the most successful bee-
ers the world over. We will soon begin a series of remarkable articles by E. W. .
ander. We are safe in saying a higher price was never paid for an article of this
as we paid for a single one of this series. Every one of them will be worth hundre
dollars to bee-keepers.

HALFTONE ILLUSTRATIONS— During the past summer we have had a sj
artist to take photographs for us. He has traveled on our account alone the past
mer over 4,000 miles, and we can promise some very fine pictures. Many of the S
Prize PHcto Contest, American and foreign, will appear soon. Our engravings are
by the very finest engravers in the United States. Just this wealth of illustra^
doubles the value of the paper.

DECEMBER 15TH ISSUE— We are pleased to announce that extensive plan
now under way for a special Christmas issue of Gleanings. It is pfanned that this 11
shall far exceed in its wealth of contributed articles, its halftones and its cover del
anything that heretofore has been attempted in bee-keeping literature. The cover j
be designed and printed by one of the best color printing establishments in the Ui
States. The design is something unique and beautiful indeed. This issue will cor
nearly 100 pages and 40,000 copies will be printed, making a bee-keeper's maga
that compares favorably with any magazine of the present day.

SUBSCRIBE— When you have read this notice take up your pen and tell us to i
you Gleanings ten weeks, and enclose ten cents, in coin or stamps. Don't put it
The magnificent Christmas number alone will be worth twenty-five cents to any
keeper— we don't promise this number to any but subscribers. You will never be |
to spend ten cents to a better advantage. '

THE A. L ROOT COMPANY ]

MEDINA, OHIO '

144 E. Erie St., Chicago 10 Vine St., Philadelphia 44 Vesey St., New York