We et oui gi Miwon PAD AU Ba ae = iS de Or 7 ca | Seman aa te iyi aay ie eve Peni bad eee ee dee, jy aise vu MY de “bec RL Ie alas jd cern “4nd 1 §iagachestntge. " Uxas a 2.’ d a 4 beet Hu. f F ‘ | RN OO EN OO Oat cn haem eG M4 =f a x 2 Sf EWE Gy YS : NN 4 a ee . a at ther WE gh Ne Ne tg chat od Ge OW AGG| Ww ~ WMD FIM Say Seo a ear Vk: 5 “ed. et Mey aoe Pipes 2 wy American Ornithology. For the Home and School. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B. S. Vol. 4. WORCHESTER, MASS., CuHaAs. K. REED, PUBLISHER, ug 2 1904. 146 Vol. 4. No. U. JANUARY, 1904. 1Uc a copy, $1 a year, iY \ SS SS Th 2/7 \ Sy Ae NS KAS y y GN. bx abi y Mtl, SS Gz YU Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. | Jan. 16, 1901 CS aR ee O$U—<.$O$O-O_ O_O OOOOH @ @ We have listed below as fine a list of slides of birds as have ever been offered. Every one of © é them is photographed directly from the living birds. 50 CENTS EACH, $5.00 PER DOZ. OR FINELY COLORED, $1.00 EACH, $10.00 PER DOZ. Y 1 Chippy Family (6 Chipping Sparrows). 26 Nest and Eggs of Grasshopper Sparrow. y 2 Preparing Breakfast (6 Chipping Sparrows.) 27 Grasshopper Sparrow on Nest. io 3 Woodcock on Nest. 28 Nest and Ezgs of Bob White. 4 Nest and Eggs of Woodcock 29 American Robin on Nest. © 5 Three Young Woodcock. 30 American Robin Feeding Young. 6 Ruffed Grouse on Nest. 31 Five Young Chickadees. 7 Nest ani Eggs of Ruffed Grouse. 32 Chickadee at Nest in Bird House. 8 House Wren (male). 33 Chickadee at Nest in Tree. 9 House Wren (female). u Brown Thrasher. ~ to Cedar Waxwings Feeding Young, 5 Brown Thrasher on Nest. tr Cedar Waxwing on Nest. 36 Wood Thrush on Nest. © 12 American Redstart (male) Feeding Young. 37 Young Wood Thrush. r3 American Redstart (female) and Nest. 38 Pigeon Hawk. > 14 Prairie Warbler (male) Feeding Young. 39 Bluebird at Nest Hole. 15 Prairie Warbler (female) and Nest. 40 Barred Owl. © - 16 Red-eyed Vireo on Nest ‘| 41 Screech Owl. @ 17 Red- -eyed Vireo Feeding Young. 42 Four poungr Screech Owls. o 18 Wilson’s Thrush and Nest with Eggs. 43 Noung Blue Jays. 19 Wilsons Thrush Feeding Young. 44 Blue Jays in Nests. 20 Chestnut-sided Warbler on Nest. 45 Blue Jay Feeding Young ~ 21 Ovenbird and Nest. 46 Loggerhead Shrike. O) 22 Black and White Warbler on Nest. 47 Phoebe on Nest. 23 Field Sparrow Feeding Young. 48 Hairy Woodpecker. A> 24 Field Sparrow Cleaning Nest. 49 Chimney Swift. J 25 Young Field Sparrow. 50 Four Young Crows. ~ ay © : ADDRBAHSS i { CHAS. K. REED, Worste Mass. . o-6-©© © 6 666-9 ©—©—- © © ©©--6 © ©-©6©—6— + en yous want of a Cabinet for your fav- One of the H It orite Guns, Rifles and O Rods? If so don’tlock further. We have just the right thing. An up-to-date Cabinet 9 adapted to the wants portsman S of all sportsmen. Made by the most skilled workmen and of the very best material. e Quartered Oak fronts, Cabi nets best quality glass doors 0 and best hardware. Well crated for ship- ment. We also make a specialty of MOOSE, CARIBOU and DEER SHIELDS and MOUNTS for Taxidermists. Cabinets for Collections of Minerals, Eggs and Insects made to order any size required at reasonable prices. Estimates given on large Museum Cabinets and Cases for Collecticns of Birds and Animals. J. FRANK HOLT GAR DINER, ME. No. 88, 82 in. high, 37 in. wide. Price $32. SUBSCRIPTION BARGAINS. COMBINATIONS THAT MUST INTEREST YOU. Subscriptions are for one year. May be either new or renewals. All may be sent to one or to different ad- dresses. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY must be included in each or any combination. $3.00 ,.3. for $1.23 American Ornithology (12 mos.)...-. $1.00 Art Bird Calendar for 1904 -50 Farm and Fireside (two issues each MONT wre epee cen tue | Meeeeb as fct -50 Your choice of these pictures == — 1.00 $3.50 31. for $1 69 American Ornithology. ...... ==. hDI-0O ArtweixdsG@alendariesee ee) = een 5O Womans Home Companion .. ... 1.00 Your choice of pictures ......... ....... 1.00 DEFIANCE. COLOR KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. A complete dictionary of N. A. birds. (ILLUSTRATED IN COLORS. $2.50. GIVEN FREE ‘For five subscriptions to American Orni- thology (new or renewals) at one dollar each. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. AN IMPUDENT PUPPY. For $1.75 American Ornithology. ... | .......... $1.00 Art Bird Calendar “ .50 And your choice of any of these maga- zines: Success, American Boy, Recre- ation, Youth, Western Field, American Botanist, Little Folks, Western Camera Notes, Men of Tomorrow. These pictures are on the very fin- est picture paper, and in every way suit- able for framing. Their size is 20 by 25 inches, and they will be forwarded to you charges prepaid, as will also the Bird Calendar The Calendar is on SIX CARDS, 6 by g inches, and beautifully printed in eight colors. CAN’T YOU TALK. A NEW ILLUS- TRATED AnILLUS TRATED MONTH LY JOUR NAL for BOYS Q 10 cents Annual Subscrip- tion $1.00 Each number of Youth contains two serial stories by the best writers; a number of bright short stories, special feature articles upon up-to-date subjects, together with at- tractive accounts of the world’s passing events. 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Or youmay substitute for Country Life any THREE of the following one dollar magazines: Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly, The Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, Woman’s Home Companivn, Pearson’s Magazine- No substitutions are allowed for either WESTERN CAMERA NOTES or SUCCESS SEND IN YOUR ORDER TO-DAY TO WESTERN CAMERA PUB. CO., M:NNEAPOLIS, MINN. poner Methods in the Art of ce By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘‘Nests and Eggs of North American Birds” 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid. or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. NEL ES 9 ER, cee eee eee niece) Worcester, ee: Chas. K. Reed , Ne ence in cost between a Gaxcidermists. <3:-e » our customers would gladly pay the differ- finely carved shield of artistic design, and the common plain board. 2: Ghe Lang Carving Co., Beecher Falls,Vermont, Manufacturers of Garidermist’s ClOoodwork. (Except Cases.) THE SONG OF THE BROWN THRUSH ON A TALKING MACHINE RECORD Was recently reproduced before the American Ornithologists’ Union by Prof. S. D. Judd. WITH A . Columbia Graphophone You may take records of songs of birds in captivity. Write for our circular How to Make Records at Home. Sent free upon request. COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY New York, 93 Chambers St. Chicago, 88 Wabash Ave, Boston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly inadvance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I and II. $1.00, each. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. ——COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED——— VOL. IV JANUARY, 1904. NO. I Although it is now ten days before the Ist of January, as this is being written; we are glad to see that the greater part of our readers for the past year are hastening to get back to the fold for another year. Ow- ing to the completion of the “Color Key to North American Birds’’ which has engrossed his attention for the past year, the editor feels that with the additional time which he will be able to devote to Ameri- can Ornithology, he can safely promise that the present volume will be ahead of any that have preceded. From now on, our bird articles will be illustrated with colored plates showing the male, female, and young where there are differences in the plumages. So great has been the call for the new book, “Color Key’’ that a second edition is in preparation, and it bids fair to surpass in sales any other work on birds that has hitherto been placed before the public. We neglected to mention in the December issue that last year’s magazines would be bound the same as in former years and we have received many inquiries in regard to this. They will be bound in an attractive illuminated cover, uniform with the preceding volumes at a cost of 75 cents. Send your magazines flat and well wrapped. The postage is one cent for each four ounces or fraction, and eight cents additional if you wish it registered. Owing to the large and increasing subscription list, we have installed one of the latest mailing machines having a capacity of 20,000 addresses per day. The date which will hereaftér be printed on the envelopes is the date up to which the subscription is paid, i. e. Jan. ‘O05 indicates that the subscription is paid up to but not including January. y G O-O-G-@-U-@-0-G-G—S—-W-G-G-W-@-@- 0 - UW -G-G- 0 -@-@_-G-U = -G— 3 —- Gi - 9 - 0 -S- - -—-e VOL. IV. JANUARY, 1904. NO. 1. Photo by J. H. Miller. YOUNG KINGFISHERS. (Winner of second prize in Class 2.) 2 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A FEBRUARY WALK IN THE WOODS, I’ve been sitting here in the watch tower for over an hour, watching the daylight die out over the glistening snow fields, the far blue hills and the near green pines. Masses of purple and pale lilac clouds have drifted into the west, glowed warmest red and softest pink, and faded slowly back to purple and lilac gray. I think of Elizabeth and her peonies and lilac and the spring days that ““seemed to melt away into a dream of pink and purple peace.”’ For this has been the third day of spring, in spite of the calendar. In spite of the Calendars, I might say, for I sat this afternoon in a room with no less than seven of these monitors of the flight of time, each one declaring with more of less vociferousness that as the month was February, it must be winter. But a calendar in an insentient, dull affair of paper and ink, while I am a sentient being, and I felt the Spring begin Saturday. For a week there had been a vague intermittent hints of a change. A difference in the early morning look of the sky, something changed in the mists that hung over the river at mid day, and two or three times at sunset a pink flush over the maple grove on the Rolway that spoke of swelling buds. On Thursday, taking a walk over the North Hill, I found the crust quite strong and walked wherever my fancy led; on Friday the sun shone brightly all day; and on Saturday the Spring came. On that day I went for a walk over through Burwell’s Grove and out on the road beyond, and found the snowbanks so much reduced, not so much in depth as in bearing qualities, that it behooved me to walk the straight and narrow way. Several times I proved the inadvisability of trying any adventurous journeys cross lots and finally gave up, going out of the road only where some particularly promising branch grew quite uncompromisingly to the right or left. I wanted a bundle of whips, pussy willows and dogwood preferably, but anything that looked growable finally, so I wandered along look- ing for twigs with swelling buds and listening for birds. Once, faint and far off among the hemlocks, I heard a “’Chick-a-dee- dee,’ and twice, from among the beeches where the snow forbade my going, a nuthatch called “‘Yank-yank-yank,’’ and these were the only sounds I heard until I was well up the hill, when a faint tapping made me look into an oak tree just a few yards away and there was a Downy Woodn rere just beginning to hunt for his supper. The faint tap had been merely preliminary, for as I watched, he grew more and more energetic in his assaults until at nearly every stroke, bits of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 3 oak bark would fly to the ground where the snow was soon dotted with irregular dark spots. How he worked! His little head flew back and forth with an energy that made my own neck fairly ache, while his pauses seemed to be scarcely long enough to eat the larvae or egg he had uncovered. I wonder if I were suddenly to become possessed of a mad desire to gain my sustenance by boring through solid wood and oak wood at that, if Nature would see fit to change my nose into a hard bony chisel. There have been fewer Woodpeckers than usual this year, owing I believe to the entire absence of beech nuts and the scarcity of other food. Last winter when the beech nut crop was remarkably large the beechwoods had quite a colony of win- ter birds and it was unusual to go there without finding both Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers and White-breasted Nuthatches. Some days in November and December, before the snow was deep, I would come upon places where the.crows had been nut gathering. The snow would be brushed away and the leaves would be lying about in little heaps or tossed to one side to lay bare the nuts beneath. Even after it grew quite cold and I thought they would have gone, I came upon their drinking place, a hole in the ice which covered the brook, and the snow was marked all over with the tracks they had evidently just made, for the light snow then falling had not obliterated them. Their home was in a pine woods across the river, and every morning I could see and hear them as they flew across the valley on their way to the beech woods. They seemed to start from home in a close company, save for two or three leaders, and in five minutes they would be out of hearing, and in five minutes more out of sight. But when they flew back at night they played along the road like boys coming from school and sometimes I could hear them for fifteen or twenty minutes from the time the first one started for home until the last straggler disappeared cawing among the pines. This winter I have not heard a crow since November, and in winter when birds are few, one misses the touch of animation they give to the woods and snowy fields. I had meant to cross the field above the beeches and go home along the meadows of the North Hill by way of making going home a continuation of my walk; but the result of several excursions after twigs and branches warned me that the snow would not bear my weight, and I turned to come back along the same road, only now I was facing the west where the sun was going down behind banks of purple clouds that hung low over the hills or moved slowly toward the south. Something was going on inthe hemlocks which hung over the last bit of the road just before it leaves the woods and loses itself and its individuality in the common placeness of a village street. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Photograph by R. H. Beebe. YOUNG KINGFISHERS. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 5 I could hear twittering and chirp- ings from some small birds that — kept provokingly out of sight among the top branches, but peer and look as I would, I could not tell what they were. They did not sing and there was nothing specially characteristic in the little chirps and whispers that came to my ear from time to time. At last one of them flew across the open between two trees and I recognized my small friend chickadee, when he was comfortably es- tablished in his new situation he took time to sing his name very distinctly, in case I had failed to reconize him by sight, but he had no need, for his fluffy gray suit and black cap and cravat mark him at once. There were perhaps a dozen of them getting their supper from the tiny seeds of the hemlock, and, in the road, the snow which had been spotless an hour before was covered with the little brown cones and feathery bits of green where they had nipped off a twig just for fun. Such a chattering and fluttering and chirping as they kept up, just like any other five o’clock function! Between courses one of them would fly from the branch where he had been eat- ing and, hanging upside down on the very tip of a twig would sing his sweet, homely little song over and over by way of adding to the festivity of the occasion showing his own appreciation of the good cheer. And yet, I fancy that as winters go this has been a trying one to the birds that do not migrate and it must be a very frugal re- past, this meal of hemlock seeds. Commend me to any creature who will sing so cheerily over so scanty supper, and even leave off eating to entertain the company. How glad they will be to have Spring and an abundance once more. When they are in little companies and all talking together they do not sing Chick-a-dee-dee-dee; but a little song something like a repetition of the first three notes. It sounds very cheery and companionable when I am walking in winter and is so often the only bird I hear. I am ashamed to think that after their bravery in facing and singing through a northern winter, I shall turn from them to follow the first gay warbler that goes whisking by from the South. My bouquet contains branches of beechand wild cherry tree, red-osier dogwood, a branch of raspberry bush and another of elderberry with buds already swelling. ‘These to be put ina jar of water and watched as they develop, I hope, their leaves and blossoms. And besides my bunch of promises I have a few long feathery sprays of white pine, good, green, always-with-us pine, just because I love a pine tree above every other and like always to have a bit of its faithful greenness on amy desk or near at hand. M. S., DeCoster, N. Y. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ‘aqaeg "HM Aq aft] Woy O}0Gg (‘TSSBID Ul oztad ysay JO 1aUUT AA ) -“HSId HLIM AHHSIAONIMA AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. i ‘ oe WITH THE KINGFISHERS, oe ¢ ( By R. H. BEEBE. » On June seventeenth last, while out on a photographing trip, I dis- covered the entrance to a Kingfisher’s home. It was situated in a gravel bank a few rods back from a creek. Having noticed for some time previous, a pair of Kingfishers in this vicinity, I at once concluded that undoubtedly the nest contained young birds. The entrance to the nest being very near the top of the bank it was an easy matter to dig back to the young, simply by making a trench in the top of the bank. I found the six young Kingfishers after I had dug back about four feet from the entrance; they were about two feet far- ther back but in easy reach so it was unnecessary to dig the entire distance. They were taken out and placed in a row on the bank where the photograph which shows them with their feathers just starting, was made. They were then placed back in their under-ground home, and a board procured which would just cover the top of the trench I had dug, and then by placing some stones and gravel on top of it, I made them fully as secure as they were before they had been disturbed; still it was an easy matter for me to get to them at any time that I wished afterwards. The creek in this vicinity being quite shallow and very plentifully stocked with mullets, made a fine fishing ground for the old birds, and later for the young when they became agile enough to try their hand at it. In each of three different photos that I was able to secure of the adult birds, in each instance it had a mullet in it’s bill, so undoubtedly this variety of fish were their staple article of diet. In obtaining the photos of the old birds, I first made a blind out of sticks, stones, and grass, just large enough to conceal the camera. I also placed a dead branch in the side of the bank and about five feet from the blind. This formed a perch for the old birds to alight upon before entering the nest. The next day, June twentieth, I placed the camera in the blind and after focusing on the branch and concealing the camera as much as possible with grass I attached a thread to the shut- ter and ran it back for about three hundred feet to a clump of bushes where I could conceal myself. After waiting about an hour one of the old birds returned and I made the exposure which shows him with the 8 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. fish. The picture was made with a Goerz lens, series 3, No. 3; 1-75 sec. exposure, stop f. 11, on a Seed’s gilt edge plate. On June twenty-fifth I again visited the nest and made the picture of the six young birds. At this time they were nearly full grown, very lively, and determined to hang on to my fingers with their beaks; they also seemed possessed to grab each other and it was no easy matter to keep them all quiet and together even long enough to make their photograph, but after repeated attempts in catching and arranging them, they at last remained quiet for the desired fraction of a second. The old birds were very wild and at no time did they come near whileI was in the vicinity of their nest, due undoubtedly to their being shot at so much by hunters, who as a rule never let the opportunity pass to send a charge after them if they happen any where near within reach. Photo by R. H. Beebe. YOUNG KINGFISHERS. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 9 A FAVORITE HAUNT. IERIE IRGE, Ne ash ays ciale: especially those born and raised in the rural districts, have some favorite haunt where they especially delight to spend their time and where certain pleasant associations are formed, the memory of which is treasured in after years. The writer was no exception to this rule, and I will endeavor to describe a certain ““Deserted Limestone Quarry, ’’ which, in my case, was the favorite haunt of childhood. A perusal of the following will give my readers an idea of the general appearance of the locality. In the centre was a large pond of deep water, bounded on three sides by steep banks, partially covered by huge rocks and sandstone boulders. On the fourth side was a cart road leading to the double stone lime kiln, then out of use. The south bank was bordered by a piece of woodland, through which ran a little brook, and the other three sides by pasture fields. Within the deep gulch, and extending around about two thirds of the body of water, was a combined cart road and pathway, at the extreme end of which, lying under two large, over-hanging rocks, was a spring of most delicious water. It was quite deep, yet so clear that you could see the white sand and pebbles at the bottom very plainly. Around the edges of the spring grew a choice variety of cress. Hanging from the banks above mentioned were numerous sumach bushes and blackberry briars. Such were the natural surround- ings of my favorite haunt. A charming place indeed; where marvel- ous blending of light and shade intermingled colors:—the rich green of the mosses and ferns; the dark gray of the rocks, with patches of lichens here and there, and the beautiful reflection in the water made by the surrounding forest trees. Now a few words regarding the many bird friends with which I associated, and whose habits and daily lives I studied. In one of the steep banks referred to, a pair of Kingfishers made their burrow, but in a place where it was inaccessible; however, I noticed them flying in and out of the opening and the probabilities are that a family was rais- ed there. Within the lime kiln a pair of Pewees built their nest among the old logs composing the structure, and they could be seen almost 10 AMERICAN, ORNITHOLOGY. any time perched on a near-by twig looking for passing insects. Among the briars on the bank, the Song Sparrows reigned; in the piece of woodland referred to I found the nests of Blue Jays, Crows, Cat Birds, Wood-Thrushes, Cardinals, Vireos, Crested Flycatchers etc. The quarry was also frequently visited by a pair of Green Herons and I think they had a nest in the vicinity. _ Owing to the large number of insects around the water, the quarry was a favorite feeding ground for King Birds, Pewees and Swallows, and the latter could be seen skimming over the surface of the water, or circling high in air, from early dawn until evening. They present a pretty sight, flying here and there, the rich coloring of their plumage flashing in the sunlight, and ever accompanied by their pleasant socia- ble twittering. The clear call of the Killdeer would frequently ring out from near-by fields, andthe song of the Meadow Lark from the low lands; Red- wings were also often there, and I found a nest on two or three occas- ions. Sometimes a Hawk would pass over the locality--and what a sudden change--all voices were hushed, not a feathered citizen was to be seen anywhere; they had all completely vanished; there was a still- ness as of death. These conditions would last for a time, and finally the more venturesome denizens would come forth and if all danger seemed to be past, others would follow their example until things re- sumed their normal state. Aside from this large bird population, there were many other things of interest, among which may be mentioned land and water turtles, snapping turtles, frogs in all stages of transformation, sun and cat fish, many beautiful insects and a family of little gray rabbits; I had the pleasure of seeing the latter when they were scarcely larger than small kittens. Along the borders of the wood were gray squirrels, ground squirrels and ground hogs. Thus in this one particular locality, oppor- tunity was afforded for the study of a large number of natural subjects. Here, too was the pleasant odor of fresh green mint and the scent of wild roses. In the early spring time a profusion of wild violets (blue and yel- low), dog-tooth violets, blood roots, spring beauties, anemones, “‘jack- in-the-pulpit’’, belwort and hare bell were to be found in the strip of woodland, and later in the season the pasture fields were covered with buttercups and daisies. Were all details entered into a volume could be written concerning this old quarry and the many happy hours spent there, but I have simply recorded a few of the scenes and occurrences which come up more prominently before me. BERTON MERCER. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ii BIRD NEIGHBORS. How is it that the people, generally speaking, manifest such little concern in our common birds? Are they so constituted that they can not appreciate even the merry warble of the friendly bluebird as he flits from limb to limb and from post to rail as the welcome sunshine bursts forth on a cold February or March morning? See him salute you with his wings as he alternately raises and lowers them; see the reflection in his plumage of the bluest sky that God ever gave; and note his implicit confidence in man, evidenced on his part by a desire to build his little home in any place about the house that man may pro- vide for him. Who can not appreciate the spirited little wren, despite the fact that he on some occasions appears to be rather irritable, and a scold. He confides in man and by his cheerfulness and activity sets examples that man may well afford to emulate. I mention these two birds particular- ly, because they are true bird neighbors and are quickly recognized by most people. There are many others,—in fact all of the birds, with rare exceptions, common to our country, are well worth associating with and appreciating. Iam of the opinion that God gave to the birds their varied plumage and song, so beautiful in both, for the purpose of contributing to the pleasure of man, and I think we should esteem them as such. The birds are sensible little creatures and are quick to recognize a friend, and there remains such little for us to do in order to assure them of our friendship. Do not harm them yourself; protect them as far as possible from those who would harm them, and then invite them to become your neighbors. I was impressed in the Spring of 1902 with the ease with which this can be done. Noticing a wren about my house, I took a small box, cut a hole in it, nailed a lid on and tied it to the limb of a young apple tree, about six feet from the ground, and my children and I, too, were delighted to see wrens building in it before the day had gone. Succeeding so well in this, we next prepared a larger box, labeled it in pencil: ‘‘For a blue bird,’’ to amuse the children, and placed it on a ten foot pole near the house of the wrens. The Bluebirds were preparing a home in it before two days had elapsed. Both broods were reared without being molested, except frightened occasionally by a neighbor’s cat and those detestable little pests, English sparrows. At the former enemy I threw many brick bats, and I make it arule to shoot the latter when they come within reach of my target. C. W. Wizson. 12 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. PINE GROSBEAK. A. QO. U. No. 515. (Pinicola enucleator leucura.) RANGE. Northeastern parts of North America; south in winter through New England. Breeds from northern New England northwards. DESCRIPTION. Length 8.5 in. Adult male—Rosy red, brightest on the head, rump and breast; belly grayish: back brownish black with the feathers edged with rosy; wings and tail blackish, the former crossed by two wing-bars. General plumage of the female is grayish with the head, rump and sometimes the breast tinged with a more or less bright greenish yellow. Young males are similar in plumage to the female although the color varies from the greenish yellow of the female to orange or reddish. NEST AND EGGS. Pine Grosbeaks breed from the northern parts of the United States northwards placing their nests chiefly in coniferous trees. The nest is made of twigs and rootlets and lined with fine rootlets and grasses. Three or four eggs are laid during the latter part of May. The eggs are pale greenish blue and are specked and blotched with brown and lilac. SUB-SPECIES. The Pine Grosbeak has recently been sub-divided into the following: “515a. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak (P.e. montana). Similar to No. 515, but decidedly larger, and coloration slightly darker; the adult male with the red of a darker, more carmine hue. Range. Rocky Mountains from Montana and Idaho to New Mexico. (Ridgway’. “515b. California Pine Grosbeak (P. e. californica). Similar to No. 515, but male with red much brighter; feathers of back plain ashy gray without darker centers; female with little if any greenish on rump. Range. Higher parts of Central Sierra Nevada, north to Placer county and south to Fresno county, California. (Grinnell). “515c. Alaskan Pine Grosbeak (P. e. alascensis). Similar to 515, but decidedly larger with smaller or shorter bill and paler coloration, both sexes having the gray parts of the plumage distinctly lighter, more ashy. Range. Northwestern North America except Pacific coast, breeding in interior of Alaska; south in winter, to eastern Brit- ish Columbia, Montana, etc. (Ridg.) “515d. Kadiak Pine Grosbeak (P. e. flammula). Similar to No. 515, but with much larger, relatively longer and more strongly hooked bill; wings and tail grayish brown instead of dull blackish. Range. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. PINE GROSBEAKS. (Male and Female.) 13 14 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Kadiak Island and south on the coast to Sitka, Alaska. (Ridgway).’’ (Color Key to N. A. Birds). HABITS. To most of us who reside within the United States, Pine Grosbeaks are known only as winter visitants. The first snow storm or long cold period in the fall brings them down from the north in bands of from three or four individuals to as many as thirty or forty. The male birds in the rosy plumage average about one to every five of the gray and yel'ow ones, so it is to be assumed that each flock contains four young birds andan adult female in company witheach adult male. Their call note and also note of alarm is a clear piping whistle. It is occa- sionally uttered while they are perching, and is nearly always heard when they are on the wing. The chorus of a large flock makes a very pleasing melody on a cold wintry day, when few other birds are to be heard. While they are very often found in orchards, they are much more frequently met with in localities where there is a small growth of pines. When the ground is bare or the snow is not too deep, they feed on the seeds that are left hanging to various weeds. This year they have been more numerous than usual in Massa- chusetts, first putting in an appearance about the first of October. They are exceedingly tame birds, being so unsuspicious that they have fre- quently been caught in butterfly nets. It is said that they are very easily tamed and they are sweet singers. Their flight is very easy and is made with a slight undulation; they never appear to be on the lookout for danger and a number of times I have involuntarily dodged, so near my head did they come when they flew from one tree to another. This winter I have followed one flock with unusual interest. They have remained in one locality, a certain hill which is set apart by the city for a park, for over two months. This hill is covered by scatter- ed clumps of firs and the ground is carpeted by grass and weeds which make a fine feeding ground for Grosbeaks. The entire flock number- ed in the neighborhood of fourteen birds but was generally found broken into two or three bands on different parts of the hill. They were first discovered by a reporter on one of the daily papers. Al- though he did not then know what they were, he soon found them to be tamer than any birds that he had ever met before. They were feeding on the ground and he did not notice them until about four or five feet from them; seeing that they showed no disposition to fly away from him he tried to see how near he could get; noticing that they were feeding on the seeds of a particular weed, he picked one of the same variety and then cautiously approached them a few inches at AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 15 a time; reaching out the hand that held the weed he placed the tip of it before one of the birds and the latter proceeded to regale himself from the supply offered. The bird finally allowed him to reach forth his hand and stroke his back before flying. The next day I verified this report and found the birds more tame than any that I had seen before, although I did not attempt to touch them, being content to get a num- ber of photos of them. About the only thing that would startle them was a sudden noise, such as the focal plane shutter on the camera; the first two snaps they flew a few feet away but after that paid no atten- tion to this noise. The following day the hill was dotted with people looking for the birds. On this day I enjoyed studying human nature even more than the birds. Very few had any idea what the birds were like and fewer still knew what their notes were; party after party went by within ten or fifteen feet of the birds without seeing them though they were in plain sight, and without hearing them although they were calling re- peatedly. One man stood for several minutes sweeping the hillsides with his field glasses; between he and I and within ten feet of him were eight Grosbeaks, one an old male; one bird stood on a stone with his head turned on one side looking up at the man and not more than three feet from his feet. Yet he did not see one of them and was astonished when I called his attentionto them. How observant we are! The movements of Grosbeaks are very slow while on the ground; they will eat all they can reach and then slowly move to the next stalk either by hopping or walking as their fancy dictates. If they wish to reach a spot a yard or more away they very rarely walk to it; they think flying is much easier than walking. In the trees the same slow- ness of motion is characteristic of them. ‘The whole Hock generally takes wing as if by one impulse, and with much calling to each other flies away. They have a very pretty song; it introduces a great va- riety of notes and warbles and is modelled something after the style of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak, though it is not nearly as loud, in fact at times it seems as though the bird were singing to himself, the tones hardly being audible. They seem to sing the most when alone either leaving the rest of the flock for that purpose or else having strayed -away by accident. 16 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Identification Chart, No. 24. Not 118. Anhinga or Snakebird, (4z- hinga anhinga). Length 31 in.; extent, 36 in.; tail 11 in. Male. Head, neck, upper and underparts glossy black. Greater and middle coverts silvery white. Back more or less streaked with white. Tail tipped with brownish white. In summer the neck is covered with short silky white plumes; these are absent in winter. The female is similar except that the head and neck are brownish. Breeds in the Gulf States and occasionally north to South Carolina and Illinois. No. 125. American White Pelican (/Pé/e- canus erythrorhynchus) . Length 60 in., extent from five to six feet; tail 12 in. Whole plumage white except the prima- ries which are black. Bill and pouch orange and yellow and in summer adorned with an up- right knob about midway of its length. Found chiefly in the interior portions of North America, breeding from the northern portions of the United States northwards to the central portions of Canada. Winters from the Gulf States south- wards. .No. 126. Brown Pelican (FPelecanus occt- dentalts). Length 50 in. Head and sides of neck whit- ish; rest of neck brownish; back and wings gray- ish; below blackish. Pouch greenish brown. Found inthe South Atlantic and Gulf States. Accidentally found as far north as Maine. No. 127. California Brown Pelican (/e/e- canus caltfornicus) . Very similar to the Brown Pelican but averag- ing larger. Found along the Pacific coast from British Columbia southwards. INov 128: Man-o-’War or Frigate Bird (Fregata aquila). Length 40 in. Male wholly black, glossy above. Pouch orange. Female brownish above and white below. A tropical bird found north to the Gulf coast and southern California. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. No. 517. Purple Finch (Carfodacus pur- pureus). Length about 6in. General color a dull rosy red, brightest onthe head and rump. Back with brownish centres to the feathers. Belly white. Female. Upper parts grayish brown each feather having a dull whitish margin; below whitish streaked with brownish. Found in North Amer- ica east of the Plains and breeds from the middle portions of the United States northwards. 517a. California Purple Finch (C.{p. calz- fornicus). A somewhat darker subspecies. The female is olive greenish above instead of the brownish of purpureus. No. 518. Cassin Purple Finch (Carpodacus cassint). Similar to No. 517, but the colors clearer. United States west of the Rockies. No. 519. House Finch (Carfodacus mex- zcanus trontalts). Length 6in. Form like the preceding but the rosy color much brighter and confined chiefly to the crown, throat, breast and rump. Back grayish brown, belly white streaked with brown- ish. Female, brownish gray above streaked with darker; below white streaked with brown. United States west of the Plains. Non Ios soto a@cassLlomse Ek imneh (G27. ruberrimus). Somewhat smaller than No. 519} and with the red more extended. Found in Lower California. No. 520. Guadalupe House Finch ((Car- podacus amplus). Similar to No. 519, but deeper red. Guadalupe Island, Lower California. iy) 18 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. PILEATED WOODPECKER.,. A. O. U. No. 405. (Ceophloeus pileatus. ) RANGE. The Pileated Woodpecker is found in the United States south of South Carolina. Its subspecie, the Northern Pileated Woodpecker is found throughout the northern parts of the United States and Canada in heavily wooded regions. DESCRIPTION. Length about 18 in. General plumage a dead black. Inner: half of the primaries and secondaries white; this shows only at the base of the outer primaries when the wings are folded but when spread shows on the under side, fully half of the wing being white. The male has the whole top of the head and crest bright red and also the fore part of the stripe that runs from the bill down the sides of the neck. The female differs in having the fore part of the crown blackish or brown- ish and in having no red mustache as the stripe immediately back of the crown is termed. NEST AND EGGS. These birds nest in the heavily timbered woods making the excava- tions high up in the trunks of the trees, generally from thirty to sixty feet from the ground. Their bills are very powerful and chisel-like and they frequently make their nests in the heart of a living tree. They lay from three to five glossy white eggs which average in size about 1.3 in. by 1 in. HABITS. With the exception of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker this is much the largest of any that we get in this country. They are very imposing birds an | appear quite regal with their large vermilion crests. They were formerly quite common throughout the United States and south- ern Canada. As they live only in the densest of woods composed of very large trees, the advance of civilization has steadily encroached upon their domain until now they are never found in some localities and very rarely in others. They are practically resident wherever found, being one of the few birds that are equally at home in the compartively tropical clime of Florida or the severe weather that is encountered in northern Maine and Canada. They are generally very shy birds although some- times one will be met with who has little fear of man. Through the south they commence nesting the latter part of March or early in April, while in the north they rarelv have full sets of eggs before the end of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. PILEATED WOODPECKER. (Male and female.) WY 20 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. May. With their stout chisel-like bill they can bore into a tree with astonishing rapidity. They are quite cunning, especially the older birds that have learned by experience that they can not take too much pains to-conceal the whereabouts of the nest. As they dig into the tree, they will carefully remove the chips to a distance before dropping them. It is only in the case of an unwise young bird, when you can find evidence of the boring by chips surrouncing hhe tree in which the nest is. The opening to the nest is three to six inches in diameter and the cavity is often made over two feet in depth. They generally leave a layer of chips to line the bottom of the cavity. The eggs are hatched in about three weeks and the young leave the nest in about tthe same length of time after. A great many hunters who go to the Maine woods bring home one or more of these woodpeckers, not because they are of any use but be- cause they are impressed by their size. They are very commonly known as ‘‘Logcock’’ or Crow Woodpecker. Their flight is generally somewhat slow and heavy like that of the Crow showing only a little of the undulation common to the Woodpeckers. ‘They make very con- spicuous objects when in flight, owing to the alternate flashing of white and black as their wings rise and fall, exposing the white under surfaces: They feed largely on woodboring insects which they chisel out of the trees; their diet is also supplemented with ants and berries which they descend to the ground to get. It is said that they often feed on insects from under the bark of trees, by hammering in the crevices in a slant- ing direction and forcing large pieces of the bark off. A large portion of some trees, mostly decayed ones, are largely denuded of the cover- ing by these birds in their quest for food. Its principal notes are not unlike those of the.common flicker only slower and much louder. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 21 SNOWY OWL. A O.U. No. 376. (Nyctea nyctea.) RANGE. Snowy Owls are found through the northern portions of the North- ern Hemisphere, bot hin the New and Old World. In North America they breed from the central portions of Canada northwards. In winter they migrate to the northern boundaries of the United States and a few stragglers are observed in many of the middle tier of states. DESCRIPTION. Length 25 in. Male.—White more or less barred with brownish black. Occasionally birds will be found that are entirely white and unmarked, but they are almost always slightly barred. A female is very much more heavily barred than the male and as arule is considerably larger. NESTS AND EGGS. The Snowy Owl’s nest during May, placing their eggs in ahollow of the moss on a dry portion of some marsh. Sometimes a few grasses and feathers are used for lining. They are said to lay from three to ten eggs. These are oval in shape, of a white or creamy color, and average in size 2.24 X 1.77 in. HABITS. None of the owls with which we are familiar in the United States can compare in point of beauty with this inhabitant of the far north. In regard to size and strength they are also the leaders. They weigh slightly more than the Great Horned Owl and are fully his equal in muscular ability, and as for the Great Gray Owl which is found in the same regions as the Snowy, the latter is fully twice as heavy although the soft fluffy plumage of the Great Gray gives him the appearance of being the larger of the two. During the summer months they find an abundance of food in the far north; Ptarmigan and rabbits abound, and they also feed on ducks and - waders and are also said to be experts in catching fish. Their appearance in the United States depends upon the severity of the weather and the conditions of the food supply. In some winters they come down in great abundance spreading out over the country and being found in quite southerly latitudes. They frequent the open country almost exclusively both in the north and during the winter when they are in this country. They lurk about stone walls and fences from which places they watch their opportunity to make a dash and catch some unwary bird or mammal, and they are very frequently caught by placing a steel trap on the top of some fence post. 22 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. SNOWY OWLS. (Male and female.) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 23 THE LOGCOCKS, By E. F. Mossy. Last summer I was surprised by seeing a large bird with a scarlet crest running along an old log; another followed and I quickly saw that they were Logcocks, the largest woodpeckers of the east, very black and with white and black stripes along the head and a handsome scarlet crest. There were some large pokeberry bushes loaded with dark crimson berries near the log and the birds climbed into them and ate eagerly. I saw one of the Woodpeckers swing, head and back downwards, like a Chickadee while he held on with his claw and gathered the fruit with his bill, from a branch that spread outward. It was very odd to see such a large heavy bird in the attitude of our tiny Chickadees and Kinglets. They did not seem shy and I saw and heard them frequently. They came near the house and were in the outside yard with its great oaks and chestnut trees. Sometimes my attention was called to them by the large chips or layers of wood which they chiseled off the tree with their strong beaks. They always seemed to strike the tree sideways instead of boring holes from the front like the Sapsucker and Downy Woodpecker. There were usually two together and they uttered low, curious two syllabled calls to each other. I noticed the two on an old fallen log, to which one was clinging in the usual sidewise way and throwing off bits of wood now and then. Some of their notes are very near like the Flickers only louder; another common sound was like a loud cackling. They often made this when disturbed and about to rise in flight. A note that I frequent- ly heard when they were flying overhead sounded to my ears like “Quick, Quick.” A BIRD TRAGEDY. Spring time in the county! Why those poets of the old Smoky-city class room were not so flightily unreal after all. Spring is a wondrous glorious panorama; and we who, many years ago, more than half believed in the wonderful Genius of Alladins Lamp, stand today in awe before the wondrous transformation wrought by an unseen hand. Yon trees but yesterday bleak, black, lifeless, laugh now in leaves of .tenderest green or in blossoms pink or white; the air is redolent of blossom breath and vocal with the song of birds. 24 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Previous to this, my first experience of Springtime in the country, bird life was quite unknown to me. I admit, too, a feeling somewhat of irritation at the frequent allusions to birds made by poets, prose writers, spring enthusiasts, etc. But as so frequently happens, that which one condemns in another comes sooner or later to dominate over him, and I find myself today fairly fascinated by the birds. Bird mag- azines, Audubon and even bird poets are eagerly sought, and now, for the first time, understood. Shelly’s ““Sky Lark’’ unfolded a whole world of meaning as J read it whilst listening to the vesper strain of the little Song Sparrow; I too echoed:— Teach me half the gladness, That thy heart must know, Such harmonious madness From my lips would flow, That the world would listen then As I am listening now. The other day I watched a duel unto death between two Chipping Sparrows. For some time the issue seemed doubtful and either might have sought safety in flight; but the Spartan-mother war cry— Return with your shield or upon it—was evidently the spirit actuating the combatants. A dexterous peck at the eye gave advantage to the stronger and the injured bird fell to the ground; the ensuing scene was simply murder. O, the joy of triumph, satiated revenge! Why, the spirit of Marius seemed palpitating in that little hate-embodiment as he pecked and pecked, and chirped and pecked, and dragged his victim and shook him even long after life had, at least apparently, departed from the poor tortured little form. Another bird which from a neighboring tree had evidently watched the fight now fluttered down to the scene. He or she, more probably the latter, perched on a stone nearby and intently watched the struggle, whether with looks expressive of admiration for victor or secret lament for victim, I could not tell. Perhaps my own feelings protruding themselves through my field glasses perceived in her the latter; certain it is she did not join the triumph song, but just as certain it is that she flew away under the voluble protection of her triumphant lord and master. And there lay the dead Chippy, his chestnut head dyed crim- son now and his poor bleeding eye closed forever; and there, right before my eyes, on this glorious spring day, had been enacted just another expression of that tragedy old as the world. A very demure Robin has her nest in a locust tree near my window. She is evidently a staid old matron, secure in a nest that proved faith- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 25 ful last year and only kindly tolerant of all the chatter and fuss of the inexperienced young nest builders about her. The Red-headed Woodpeckers may be seen flashing in crimson and white amid the foliage, and performing acrobatic feats apparently for the amusement of his admiring mate. Another bird not often seen, tho’ frequently heard is the Turtle Dove; its plaintive “‘Coo-coo”’ breaks sadly upon the country stillness. Its note is that of warning, nay that of rebuke, to the chattering, quarreling, carroling, rollicking youug warblers around it. Yet if Cassandra-like, it tells of storms and cats, and bad boys, and telegraph wires and all the thousand ill that bird flesh is heir to, it is, also Cassandra-like heard but not heeded. The morning concert wakens hopeful as ever, nature demands have as joyous fulfillment, and no tomorrow shadows darken the happy today of our wise little brothers in birdland. S) ME Brprs: THE WINTER WOODS AND THEIR TENANTS. By NorMAN O. FOESTER. “The sky is gray, a few great snowflakes are softly falling on the autumn-painted leaves; it is the first snow of winter, and, as the flakes grow thicker and thicker, and the shadows of a November afternoon stretch out their dusky fingers across the whitening ground, another year’s foliage is laid to rest. How changed the woodland as we stand looking out across the meadow to the woods! The earth has donned her polar robes and greets the fiery sun, immaculate. Shall we break that even mantle, pierced by weed and scarred only by the birds and mammals tread? We feel as we part the virgin snow, that we are in- truding into Nature’s sanctum, winter woods.” In such a setting as this we meet the tenants of the winter woods. One of the most interesting of these hardy birds that brave the rigors of our winter is the Brown Creeper. Chapman’s description of him stands unequalled. “‘The facts in the case will doubtless show that the patient, plodding Brown Creeper is searching for insects, larvae, and eggs which are hidden in the crevices in the bank; but after watching him for several minutes, one becomes impressed with the thought that he has lost the only thing in the world that he cared for, and that his only object in life is to findit. Ignoring you completely,with scarcely a pause, he winds his way in a preoccupied, nearsighted manner up the tree trunk. Having finally reached the top of his spiral stair-case, one might suppose that he would rest long enough to survey his surround - ings, but like a bit of loosened bark he drops off to the base of the nearest tree and resumes his never-ending task.’’ His note is a con- tented chirp, uttered as if he were not aware of the fact. He is one of 26 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. the few winter birds that do not congregate in flocks; and his may be the only bird heart that beats within a very large radius. The White-breasted Nuthatch plays the acrobat as bravely in Janu- ary as in June. His loud nasal “yank, yank’’ that comes from the wood so often on these still, biting mornings in January when the sun makes no impression on the snow- drift; warms many a bird lover’s i heart. Itis a heart’s assurance of his | presence, and generally of the military Tufted Titmouse. These latter birds, i in parties of five to fifteen scour the i woods, calling, rascals they, for I have often been deceived, “‘chickadee-dee- dee’’ as boldly as any Chickadee. But his voice is hoarser and suggests a Chickadee that has taken cold. His better side the a Occasionly he gives Cini@sacee, 18 tle 2 his whistle, a single most famous of all oe high note repeated a the feathered tenants, oe varying number of praised in poetry and fi times. prose. Ah, but he is deserving of his pop- ularity! No transient look of interest such as the Nuthatch deigns to glance; no complete indifference such as the Brown Creeper holds to; no wariness, he gives us his full measure of confidence. His trust, just because it is so com- plete, is seldom misplaced. None but the most brutal heart could offer vio- lence to this gay little sprite. A man who was just starting a col- ection told me how he obtained his first Chickadees. It was mid- winter; the snow completely covered the frozen ground, and had:an icy crust; a glistening layer of ice hardened the north sides of the trees making food scarce. When he had suddenly come upon a party of Chickadees, their curiosity was somewhat unusual. He had leveled his shotgun and was about to fire when a disconcerting tap on the AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 27 barrel destroyed his aim; just in time for the gun went off, stirring the branches on the trees where the Chickadees were but without harming them. Thus the little bird had unwittingly saved the lives of his companions. Needless to say the man did not further molest that band of Chickadees on that day. The cardinal whistles occasionally in mid winter as if to keep his bold voice ae from becoming rusty, but on the whole 4 ie we see him very seldom. The crows are conspicuous gleaners fe of the woods and fields in the season of ice and snow; as they flap slowly by, i their dark shadows on the snow betray- ing them. anaes The Golden-crowned Kinglet’s gener- ally thrice repeated lisp may be _ heard ts i frequently. It is an dare malic sound, ee birds wander through but it means much— = 5 cy , the cold woods in fearless sparks of Se ‘ ne a search of the berries life.’ ; ; of wild trees. To see Robins and Blue- . one of these in Janu- ary is to see analmost forgotten friend. 2 This is the season for studying birds’ nests. The bare trees expose itlem ard the wintry blasts carry many to the ground. Except occasionally where a Red Squirrel has converted one of them into ahome, they are tenantless and we can examine them without harming any one. This is the season during which you can most readily estimate the num- ber and kinds of birds which inhabit a certain locality. These deserted homes tell the silent story of the happy birds that occupied them for so brief a period and by counting those that still remain a fair idea of the bird population may be gained. Of course this pertains only to those birds which nest in trees or bushes, the large numbers and varieties which nest on the ground leav- ing no discernable trace of their homes. 28 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Pun CHAT Sum Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. DEAR YOUNG FOLKs: We wish you each a Happy New Year as we meet in our corner the first time in 1904. -We welcome the new comers, to whom we would like to say a word about the Bird Chats. Our aim is to help forward a good fellowship among our young bird lovers, and also between them and the out-of-door world, to that end we have a kind of wireless telegraph from Connecticut to Oregon, and welcome messages from all along the line. In the Roll of Honor are printed the names of those who send correct answers to the puzzles of two months previous; the little journey among some of the curious homes of this country and other lands was begun in November and ‘will be ended next month. We thank the boys and girls who have sent us so many pleasing accounts of bird-life during the year past. One little girl who walks five miles to school daily, shows her interest by taking time to send the answers to the puzzles each month. Those of you who live where Old Winter storms and blows, nipping the ears and fingers, will attract a cheerful company if you hang from the trees about your homes, small open-meshed bags filled with nuts, berries, suet, etc. Suspend them from the twigs and you will soon hear Mr. Nuthatch laughing ha, ha, at the way in which the English Sparrows have been cheated. Cordially your friend, Mrc MERRYTHOUGHT. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 29 ROLL OF HONOR. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I. Charles Alexander, Gloversville, N. Y. Louise Jordan, Defiance, Ohio. Abbie Wedenburgh, Curran, III. ANSWERS TO DECEMBER PUZZLES. Hidden parts of a Bird. aaah Crest, Bill, Song, Wing, Feather, Beak, Covert. ENIGMA. (a) Marsh Hawk. (b) Night Hawk. (c) Indigo Bird. (d) Carolina Wren. (e) Field Sparrow. (f) Bald Eagle. ENIGMA NO. 2. Painted Bunting. MAIL-BAG EXTRACTS. I had a funny experience with a pair of House Wrens last spring. I made a bird house especially for Wrens and put it up on our shed. It had two compartments and the door to one was about the size of a quarter and that of the other was some larger. About the first of May, a pair of Wrens appeared around the yard and the male soon found the house. It suited him, so he tried to get his mate to inspect it. He sat in a vine nearby and sang, and sang, and finally coaxed her to go into it and look it over. She soon came out and flew away, while he scolded and chased after her. After that by a great deal of singing he got her to look the house over a number of times, and at last she decided to build in it. On May 14th, I saw the female picking up twigs and starting to build in the house, but then the trouble began, for each of them liked a different compartment. The male liked the one with the small round door, and the female B30 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. liked the other. When the male was there, she built in the side he liked, because if she did not, he would fight her, but when he was away she would build in her favorite side. There was a great deal of argument and some fighting, so that building operations soon came to a standstill. I was afraid I would lose the pair, so one day I went out and tacked a piece of cardboard over the male’s favorite side as I thought the fe- male had a right to the side she wanted because she would have to stay in it. Everything was immediately set right, and the female began to build again. The male would sit nearby and sing by the hour but he never did a bit of work. The nest was finished about May 28th, and was made of twigs lined with horsehair and feathers. The young ones hatched on June 12th, and the father disappeared just about the same time. The mother had to feed them alone and it kept her hustling. About the time the male disappeared from our yard, one appeared at a near neighbors which sang and acted just like it. As it was alone all the time it must have been the same one but I thought it very curious that he should desert his family. I enjoyed watching the mother bird feed the young and clean the nest. She always carried the excrement out to the street about seventy feet away and dropped it there, after which she would clean her bill vigorously. The young left the nest on June 28th and soon after a male and female appeared on the scene and again started housekeeping in the house. The male disappeared from the neighbor’s at the same time. I have identified 76 birds this year, I have seen 41 species of birds tight here in our yard, Robins, Cedar Waxwings, Wrens and English Sparrows nested in our yard this year. EARLE TIFFANY, LaCrosse, Wis. This bird ‘The English Sparrow’’ should be treated as the pest that it is and no interest in it aroused in the children’s minds. ABBIE WEDENBURGH, Curran, III. During 1903 I saw fifty-two different kinds of our feathered friends. For two years I have kept a number of flower pot saucers in the yard full of water. Robins, Brown Thrashers, Catbirds, Bronzed Grackles, Chipping Sparrows and Blue Jays take baths and drink the water. It is amusing to see two or three robins in the larger of my saucers, and all trying to take a bath at the same time. One may see an insect and jump out and get it, and then run and jump in again and finish his bath. They often fight one another to get to take their bath first and often drive the Chipping Sparrows away. Naomt E. Voris, Crawfordsville, Ind. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY Sit TAME HUMMINGBIRDS. I would like to tell you about our three humming birds. We had a large bed of salvias and I had noticed the birds among the flowers for some time. One day in September while I was out near the flowers a bird came and held himself suspended close in front of me and seemed to be trying to get acquainted. I kept quiet and he seemed to make up his mind that I meant him no harm, so he settled himself to his dinner. Two more soon came and from that time until September twenty-first they were here most of the time, and seemed to have no fear, often resting in reach of my hand, and one day eating from a bunch of flowers that I was holding. We enjoyed their visits as often as we had time to go into the garden. The twentieth and twenty-first of September they seemed to be very hungry, but I think it was because they were preparing for flight, as after that time they came no more. They had great sport playing tag around us and knocking each other down and screaming about it and then coming to us and sitting on a bush near us and chipping. We shall miss the dear little sunshine birds and watch for their first appearance in spring. LauRA B. SHAILER, Haddam, Conn. NUMERICAL ENIGMA, I am composed of 23 letters. 7-8-3-17-18 is a common bird. 20-2-19 is an insect. 4-8-2—15-9-4 have 5-8 work to 9-11-10 this, 20-14-5 I think you can 12-8—10-6-9-5. Always try to be 19-8-8-23 and 4-8-2 will be happy. G. L. Harrineton, Langdon, Minn. SEARCH QUESTIONS. 1. How do Flickers, Hummingbirds and Doves prepare the food for their young? 2. What bird has the power of moving the tip of its upper mandible independentlv of the lower one? 3. What water bird uses its wings as a second pair of legs when traveling over the ground? 4. What five gaily dressed birds have dull coloredmates. 32 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. CURIOUS HOMES, (continued) Now we will seek the ravines among the purple mountains which raise their heads in the distance. Here on a shelving rock where the spray of a crystal mountain torrent dashes over it, is a beautiful elip- tical globe of soft green moss, the home of the American Water Ouzel. Could we enter the circular door in the side, we should find its strong _ arched walls of twigs, leaves and grasses, plastered over with mud. Some nests are placed behind waterfalls, and the birds are obliged to pass through the water in going to and from the nests. Descending to the prairies, let us pause at one of the open doors which confront us, around the doorway are scattered bits of the skins of rats, mice and even rabbits’ ears. What shall we find in this under- ground home, prairie-dog, badger, gopher or snake? No, we have delayed our visit too long to find the original tenants at home. Now the uncanny occupants are burrowing owls who have re- furnished the apartments with feathers, fine weed stalks and other soft substances. They are very sociable birds, for we may find as many as twenty nesting together in one hole. Here we come upon several sitting in the sunshine near their dugouts, they bow and bend to us with the greatest politeness, and we can now understand why the name of the How-d’y-do owl has been given them. Cigam! Now we are in our new possession off the Florida coast. Here we will make the acquaintance of a striking figure in the land- scape. A bird five feet in length, with long legs and neck, its bill re- sembling a bent spatula in shape, its plumage of a brilliant scarlet, with wings tipped with black. This is the Flamingo. Here we find Mrs. Flamingo at home, her ungainly legs doubled beneath her as she sits upon the nest, built (probably soon after the rainy season) of mud scooped up from about the base, sometimes bound together with grasses and sticks. She will have need of patience for it will be more than a month ere the young birds will emerge from the two white eggs. To guard against inroads from water the nest is built about a foot high, tapering from a base a foot in diameter to ten inches at the top, which is hollow. Frank Chapman described a colony of these nests on Bahama mangrove flats which contained, by actual count, two thousand mud dwellings. Here in the sunny south we will linger until February, when we will return to New England on our magic rug and end our journey amidst the interesting homes of her granite hills. MEN of TOMORROW A monthly for boys and yovng men. Published by Men of Today to interest and stimulate the Men of To-morrow to think, act and live nobly. Especially Interesting as the following will show. ‘‘The Boy Collector,’ ‘Eye Spy’’ ‘‘The Camera,” ‘-Boys Outdoors,’ *‘Boys Reading,’ and many Others of equal interest. Send ten cents for three months. $1.00 for One Year. Men of Tomorrow, Box G., A!bany, N. Y. Game of Birds A series of fifty-two illustrations of popu- lar birds in colors, true to nature, A beau- tiful, interesting and instructive game. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID, We will send this FREE for one new sub- scriber to AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. CHAS. K. REED. Worcester. Mass. Hong Kong, Japan Oriental Hes, kos stom 100 varieties old stamps and cat. 10c. W. F. GREANY, 888 Guerrero St.,San Francisco, Cal. Its Departments Are COINS, one China, 50 YEARS’ ERO ENCE TRADE Marks DESIGNS COPYRIGHTS &c. Anyone sending a sketch and desc pEon may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken t rOueD Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American, A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any ee ournal. Terms, $3 a year; four months, $1. Sold byall newsdealers. MUNN & Co,2612r0000,, New York Branch Office, 625 EF St., Washington, D. C. WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. send for NEST and EGGS Birds DSSS oSSo Sees cs 2” North American By OLIVER DAVIE. > The Best Book on Eggs Published Finely Illustrated. é Thoroughly revised, 60upp. Fifth Edition. w Extra Cloth. Regular Price, $2.25. & My Price $1.50, Postpaid or given for four new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass Marine Shells end Curios Twelve shells and curios for 50¢, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for roc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES Dunedin, Fla. ED | , filiane than on any other Typewriter. to A t cu- Speci Price: eee are machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derb LUNDON, 104 Newgate St, 310 B- Tag Tia ae THE JOURNAL OF THE MAINE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Now in its Seventh Vol. Be sure and get the January Number so to get Mr. A. H. Norton’s article on << The Finches of Maine.” In the April number will begin a series of papers on. ‘‘ The Warb- lers to be found in Maine.”’ SUBSCBIPTION Fifty cents per annum. Fifteen cents per copy. Send stamp for sample copy. J. MERTON SWAIN, Business Manager, Fairfield, - Maine. Do You Need a Few ? Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note books. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. I desire to send sample free to all interested. Address, GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. THE DOG FANCIER. ESTABLISHED 1891. A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION. The oldest, most popular and mest prosperous amateur kennel publication in America. Contains each month appropriate reading matter and illustrations of great value to every owner of a-dog. Advertisers get excellent results, and the rates are very low. Covers the entire United States and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER. A sample copy will be sent free. Subscription price, soc a year. €UGENE GLASS, Publisher, Battle Creek, Mich. The Atlantic Slope Naturalist. A bi-monthly publication. Subscrip- tion 50 cents per year. Sample copy free. Address, DR. W. E. ROTZELL, Narberth, Pa. to you The Amateur Naturalist. A new Periodical in the realm of Nature Study. The first number will be issued January lst. The maga- zine will be devoted to the interests of those who study the natural sciences from a love of it. While striving to be scientifically accurate it will be untech- nical. Every article will be of inter- est. You surely wiil want to see the first number. Send for prospectus giving full particulars. CHARLES D. PENDELL, Publisher, 63-65 Court St, BINGHAMTON, N. Y. HAYE YOU A HOBBY ? No matter what it is. THE WersT keeps you posted. Send 10 cents to the undersigned and you will receive for three months the oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur- ios, Relics, Natural History and American Historical Science, Mineral Discoveries, Pho- tography, Souvenir Post Cards, ete. THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEws. Fifty cents entitles you to a year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. : This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es- tablished is 1895 and has the large4t circula- tion of any Collector’s Mohthly in the world, and in size has no rival. Rates small results large. It will pay you to write us about it. 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Address American Ornithology, Worcester, Mass. ARE YOU INTERESTED #™ in birds and Nature? Are you able to mount and pre- serve birds and animals ab- solutely true to life? If not you are missing the most eee feature of ornithol- y. Wecan teach you f Rn JS TAXIDERMY BY MAIL. Gs Ee Taxidermy is adapted eer equally to men and women. A . ? We want every reader of om ‘ this magazine £0 have our catalogue. It will interest you, and its free. Drop us acard today. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY, 469 Bee Bldg., Omaha, Neb. JAMES P. BABBITT, Covers the entire field of SBD | i — DEALER IN — , WN al ya Western Sports Ad Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- ESV ~ mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Speciaity. by land and sea \ VAN TAUNTON, MASS. Mi, yy B tetera BO eatan MONTHLY DEPARTMENTS \ argain Lists free upon app : : : X Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- eee: eae ici 1. \i plies 2c. 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Size, 3 x 33. : Send two-cent stamp for complete catalogue, or three two-cent stamps for illustrated cata- logue containing 1000 miniature illustrations. THE PERRY MAGAZINE. Beautifully illustrated. Every teacher should have it. $1,00 per year. Monthly, except July THOROUGHBREDS. and August. The one-cent Pictures are 6 to 8 times this size. THE PERRY PICTURES COMPANY 146 Fifth Ave., New York. BOX 208, MALDEN, MASS. Tremont Temple, Boston. Send all Mail Orders to Malden. NATURE BOOKS. ANY BOOK PUBLISHED, FREE AS A PREMIUM We will allow you fifty cents on every subscription (either new or renewal) you may send us at $1.00 each in payment for ANY BOOK AT PUBLISHERS PRICE. For a$2 book send us four subscriptions. for a $3 book six subscriptions, or two subscriptions and $2 cash. Secure two NEW subscribers and get YOUR OWN SUBSCRIPTIONSFREE. The Wood Folk Series, by William J. Long. Way of Wood Folks. Fascin- ating descriptions of animals and birds as seen at play in their homes. 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D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _bril- liance of coloring. This is a “Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.’’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interest- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least doubt as to the idenfication of a bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. Postpaid, $2 Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Life, Popular edition in colors. 12 mo. clotl: $2.00 postpaid. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds by F. M. Chapman, representing 100 Birds in their natural colors. Given as a premium for four subscribers. Birdcraft, A Field Book of Two Hund- red Song, Game and Water Birds. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With Eighty Plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Small 4to $2.50 net. Postage toc. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird World, by J. H. Stickney and Ralph Hoffman. A charming bird book for young people. With ten full-page illustrations by Ernest Thompson-Seton, Square 12 mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75c. Given as a premium for three subscribers. Any of the above books will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. WORCESTER, MASS. IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE A BEST RESULTS 1 maxinc BIRD PHOTOS YOU MUST USE THE “® CRAMER CROWN PLATES DDODD2 y Which are especially adapted for this class of work, and are (X\ used exclusively by the publishers of AMERICAN ORNITH- , OLOGY. Full descriptive manual sent free to any address upon application, provided AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY is mentioned. G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CoO., ST. LOUIS, MO. rN SEES SEC EE SEE OFPIGKS IN New York, Chicago, San Francisco, 32 East roth St. 1211 Masonic Temple. __ 819 Market St. GRR SRR ERR RR RRR EC EERRE FIVWTE DOLLARS Will Buy a Good Field Glass. ~ Oe) The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for SVS Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined, with strap by which they can be carried suspended from the shoulder. ras" Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. ook Complete Bird Dictionary.” Color Key to: North American Birds, BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Author of “‘Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America,” eBind- ite With Upward of 800 Drawings By CHESTER A. REED.B.S. Illustrating in Colors Nearly Every Species of North American Birds. This is a book for that great and rapidly growing class of Nature-lovers who would ‘name the birds without a gun.’ In no other text-book has the problem of identifi- cation been so simplified. There are no technical terms to learn, no puzzling synopses to analyze; but having seen a bird you have only to turn to that sec- tion of the book in which birds of its order and color are placed, look for its picture, and verify your selection by reading the statement of its diagnostic markings and geographic range. As a further aid to field identification, descriptions of the birds’ calls and songs are given. In short, the book is an illustrated dictionary of North American birds, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least possible Ceca hay. Each Order of birds is preceded by an introduction giving a general account of the habits of the families of birds included in it, a feature of the work which should make it especially useful to teachers. For students who desire to know how and why birds are classified, there is a Key to Orders and Families of North American Birds, with life-size drawings illustrat- ing one or more characteristic species of every family, and a systematic table, which includes the birds found north of Mexico. No other popular work treats of all the birds of this é great area. The book is therefore equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. Price $2.50 =e ee CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas Street, Worcester, Mass. Vol. 4. No. 2. FEBRUARY, 1904. 10¢ a copy, $1 a year, ZZ Ctr G GZ by % Ge; SSSSS SS Entered at the Post Office at Worcester. Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, rgo1 THE SONG OF THE i ‘BROWN “ae ON A TALKING MACHINE RECORD oo Ber ye ine © Was recently reproduced before the American Ornithologists’ Union : by Prof. S. D. Judd. WITH A © Ais Columbia Granhopoenes You may take records of y songs of birds in captivity. y © Write for our circular S How to Make Records at Home. ® : Sent free upon request. S ‘COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY { New York, 93 Chambers St. Chicago, 88 Wabash Ave, i Becston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. 9 Bh p66 Se Are you in want of | a Cabinet for your fav- | One of the H It orite Guns, Rifles and O Rods? If so don’tlook further. We have just . the right thing. An | up-to-date Cabinet 9 adapted to the wants | Sportsman § ofall sportsmen. Made : by the most skilled workmen and of the very best material. e " Quartered Oak fronts, Cabi nets best quality glass doors . and best hardware. Well crated for ship- ment. We also make’a specialty of MOOSE, CARIBOU and DEER SHIELDS and MOUNTS for Taxidermists. Cabinets for Collections of Minerals, Eggs and Insects made to order any size required at reasonable prices. Estimates given on large Museum Cabinets and Cases for Collecticns of Birds and Animals. J. FRANK HOLT GAR DINER, ME. == me 3; No. 88, 82 in. high, 37 in. wide. Price $32. AN AI-VISTA CAMERA WILL MAKE SRG AN ist agp oi22. “THE LITTLE CAMERA THAT MAKES A BIG PICTURE. => THE REVOLVING LENS taking in a scope of nearly 180 degrees; makes a panoramic picture which is true in perspective and without distortion. Makes Pictures Any Size You want them, either from film or the regular glass plates. Is adapted to out door, interior and portrait photography; really FIVE CAMERAS IN ONE AND FOR THE PRICE OF ONE Sold in ten different styles. CAN BE LOADED IN DAYLIGHT SOLD ON EASY PAYMENTS, SEND FOR CATALOGUE, PRICES AND DISCOUNTS - MULTISCOPE & FILM CO. wos =~, EEQIJEFFERSON ST.- BURLINGTON, WIS. => HICAGO 5 Subscription Bargains COMBINATIONS THAT MUST INTEREST YOU. Subscriptions are for one year. May be either New or Renewals. All may be sent to one or different addresses. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY must be included in each combination. $3.00 In VALUE FoR §1.25 American Ornithology, 12 mo..... $1.00 Farm and Fireside, 2 issues each mo | .00 Art Bird Calendar for 1904....... 50 Your choice of pictures...... ...... 1.00 3.50 IN VALUE FOR $1.60 American Ornithology... ......... $1.00 Woman’s Home Companion....... 1.00 Art Bird Calendar................ .50 Your choice of pictures........... 1.00 For $1.75 American Ornithology...$1!.00 Art Bird Calendar....... 50 And your choice of any of these magazines: Success, American Boy, Recreation, Youth, West- ern Field, American Botanist, Little Folks, Western Camera Notes, Men of Tomorrow. 20 x 25 inches, DEFIANCE. COLOR KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. A complete dictionary of N. A. birds. ILLUSTRATED IN COLORS. $2.50. GIVEN FREE For five subscriptions to American Orni- thology (new or renewals) at one dollar each. CHAS. K. REED, WORCSETER, MASS. CAN'T YOU TALK. 20 x 25 inches. — A POPULAR HANDBOOK OF THE Birds of United States AND CANADA. BY THOMAS NUTTALL. yh Jabs! = {we By, LO SS ie = a f a8 oy : 2 ; A new edition, complete in a single ‘THE WARBLER | |} votre. ; The and m opular book on A 16-page, bi-monthly magazine devoted to the 3 best aS poe go 0 study and protection of North American Wild the birds of the Northern and Eastern | Birds. Edited by States. EV. H. C. NSON, Buckficl 5 a Op THUS SG (Ene Ste USA The book has hitherto been made only in two volumes, and the price has been $7.50 net. In its new and handier form, itshould find a place in every household. The illustrations of the birds faithfully rend- ered in colors (the most beautiful plates of the First number issued January, 1903. The | kind since Audubon) form an important feature. “ WARBLER ” as a department of the Mayflower | $3.00 postpaid Secure only 8 new sub- Magazine has made hosts of friends, and is now { scribersto A. O. and GET IT FREE. able to walk alone. Address | Published by the i | Mayflower Pub. Co., Floral ParE,N.Y. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Only 30 Cents for Three Years. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. —~ [THE WARBLER Fal Prk, $4.10 FOR $2.00 A Combination Offer that Means Something. BIRDS AND NATURE one year....... ........ $1.50 BIRDS OF SONG AND STORY, Grinnell...... “1.00 GAME OF BIBDSG =... pio Woe 2g ALL FOR GOLDEN PHEASANT, Colored Pictures ....... 25 MiERMUREIGAMET. ©)... fee SeanoG ONLY GAME OF INDUSTRIES................--.:. 25 TWENTY-FIVE PICTURES, from Birds and Nature .50 B Zz, O O The total amount cf value................. $4.00. BIRDS AND NATURE. Monthly; 48 pages, 8x10 inches; per year, $1.50. A magazine devoted to nature, and illustrated by colored photography. It is the only periodical in the world that publishes pictures of birds, animals, insects, flowers, plants, ete., in natural colors. Eight full-page plates each month. F F “Certainly no periodical, and probably no book, on birds ever found anything like such favor with the public as Brrps AND NATURE.” —Hvening Post, New York. BIRDS OF SONG AND STORY. A bird book for Audubon societies, 16 color plates. GAME OF BIRDS. [Illustrations of popular birds, in colors true to nature, on 62 tinely enam- eled cards 2} by 3 inches. Enclosed in case with full directions for playing. A beauti- ful and fascinating game. - GOLDEN PHEASANT. A beautiful picture for framing. Printed in natural colors on fine paper 18x24 inches. k LITERATURE GAME. 500 Questionsand Answers in English Literature. 100 cards, 2253 inches. Interesting and instructive. ; GAME OF INDUSTRIES. Educational—i00 Questions and Answers on the great industries of ourcountry. 100 cards, 2x3 inches. Z REM EM BER A year’s subscription to Brrps AND Nature and “Birds of Song and * Story” alone amount to $2.50. If younow take BrrDs AnD NATURE your : subscription will be advanced one year. A sample of Birds and Nature for a dime and two pennies—I2 cents in stamps. Send for Catalogue. A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 203 Michigan Ave., Chicago. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly inadvance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I and II. $1.00, each. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. — COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED——— VOL. IV FEBRUARY, 1904. NO. 2 Key to North American Birds, by Elliot Coues, A. M., M.D., Ph. D. Dana Estes and Company, 1903)2 vols. $10.00. At last this great work, eatly publication of which has been announced at frequent intervals during the past two years, is off the press, being formally published on December 17th, within a few days of four years after the death of its distinguished author, Dr. Elliot Coues. This, the fifth edition, em- bodies all the salient features of the preceding edition with many additions to the text, which fact together with the addition of numer- ous illustrations made it necessary to publish the work in two volumes, which combined include about 1200 pages. In regard to the main body of the work it is unnecessary to make comment, as it has, as embodied in the fourth edition been universally known for years as one of the standard works on the subject. The present edition will remain for many years as a crowning tribute to the memory of a talented author. The only opportunities which the new work offers for adverse comment are in the illustrations, many of which are decidedly crude, and in the mechanical make-up, in which latter respect it is not up to the standard of the fourth edition, neither the paper nor the printing being of a qual- ity to bring out a half tone as it should be. DESERTED HOMES. With footsteps screaming o’er the snow, I walk in the piercing air, Where winds are sighing soft and low Through the branches brown and bare. The homes are all deserted now Of the friends I held so dear, The nest clings to the naked bough, The birds are no longer here. Slow sways the bough of green bereft, Where the thrush at evening sung, And but a few frail twigs are left Where the wild dove reared her young. There in the tree-top bleak and high Sways the grackles empty nest. Where her young, e’er they learned to fly Nestled ’neath her sable breast. The kingbird’s home for days has lain, A sad ruin in the snow, And nests for which I searched in vain, Now in bushes plainly show. The yellow warbler’s small abode Hangs dismautled in the cold. Where silver notes in beauty flowed From an instrument of gold. As in a volume worn and old, One finds blossoms old and dry, But on whose leaves are stories told Of happier days gone by. So in each empty nest I find, A memory of some sweet lay That wakes an echo in my mind, Though the singer is far away. HaTTIE WASHBURN. 34 AMERICAN ORNITIIOLOGY. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. By Harry R. CALDWELL, CHINA. A person who has paid special attention to bird life in the temperate portion of the middle and southern States, upon arriving at the barge port of Foochow, China, and looking out upon a climate always breezy and balmy would naturally think he would soon meet a great number of friends among members of the feathered tribe. He soon begins to recognize a great many very marked inconsistencies however, for though he stands in the midst of one vast flower garden of nature, he does not see any variety of the littlke Humming-bird so common to a spot like this in the homeland. This is one of the first facts which the observer meets, and here begins a long series of just such disappoint- ments. During the almost three years of my stay in China I have seen but few, if any, of the Warbler family. This is quite as surprising as the above, for the climate and surroundings seem especially adapted to such birds. During the Spring and early summer the Flycatchers seem to predominate, but these too, with the exception of possibly two” or three varieties remove to other quarters as the nesting season draws nigh. One very beautiful variety of this family is the Paradise Fly- catcher. This bird arrives from winter quarters just as the trees are fresh and green with their Easter attire. Its beautiful rich brown color blends nicely with its surroundings as it dashes and whirls amid the foliage and flowers in quest of its food. The male bird has a very glossy black head and neck, belly and underparts silvery gray, and en- tire upper surface a very deep shade of brown. The two central tail quills are prolonged to nearly twice the length of the bird. This addi- tion of tail seems to come with age however, for I have seen many male birds which were deprived of such ornament. ‘The nest of the Paradise Flycatcher is well in keeping with the grace and beauty of the bird. Itis a structure of green moss, lichens and webs on the outer surface, deeply cupped and lined with fine rootlets and palm fiber. The nest is generally placed in a vertical fork from ten to forty feet from the ground. One interesting feature of this otherwise very inter- esting specie, is that the male bird willingly takes his turn in incubat- ing. It is a rather interesting spectacle to see this bird nearly fifteen inches in length incubating on a nest not larger than the ordinary Blue-gray Gnatcatcher’s nest. One has not arrived long in the port of Foochow when he hears the familiar note of the Chickadee from some of the overhanging boughs of the ever green olive trees. To all appearances of sight and sound he has now met his little friend Parus atricapillus, but here too, he meets a surprise as well as a disappointment. I had carefully observed sev- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 35 eral pairs of these birds during the greater part of an entire nesting season and had become much perplexed upon finding myself unable to locate the nesting site. But finally I saw the female bird fly to the top of a high pine with a worm in her beak, and a moment later drop from that height like a stone to the ground. Upon examination I found a small hole in the almost level ground and after excavating near fifteen inches disclosed a typical nest of the Chickadee family containing seven well fledged young. Since that day I have found many nests of this bird in like locations and in one or two instances in the cavity of trees. One or more very peculiar nesting sites which have come under my observation might be worth mentioning. The fields and hillsides in this section are terraced for the growing of rice. These terraces are generally from one to three feet high containing several inches of water. I once found the home of a Chickadee in one of these terraces though it hardly seemed that there could be a dry spot between these two surfaces of water. This bird had found a very ‘small hole in the dyke but a few inches above water line, and in this home had a family of six little ones. During the spring months there are indeed a great variety of birds to be found throughout this section, but as the nesting season draws near they gradually disappear until the month of May finds compara- tively few species who make this their summer home. Of these there is no family better represented than the heron. There are a number of species of the heron which are marked only by a difference of color- ation. Some are snow white, others white with buff colored head and back, others white with very deep brown head and neck and others almost black. ‘These birds live and nest in great colonies in the mas- sive banyan trees overhanging some temple court or the narrow busy street. There are three or four large trees in the heart of this city (Ku-cheng) which have hundreds of nests of these birds. It seems as though every available place has a slight platform of sticks through which can easily be seen the pale green eggs or incubating bird. Dur- ing the breeding season these birds may be seen by hundreds grace- fully flying to and from the nearby rice fields where they feed. It is estimated that one of these large banyan trees would produce from five hundred to one thousand eggs of this specie, but still we find it difficult to secure sets of the eggs. Such trees as these massive banyans are held sacred and often worshipped. [Each tree is supposed to represent one or more gods. Though the Chinaman is willing to do many things in order to earn his rice, it is almost impossible to find a person who would dare climb one of these trees to collect a few sets of heron eggs even though he be offered a bowl of rice for every egg. 36 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. There is a fixed belief that the god who makes his home in this tree would be very angry if a person would intrude upon his rights to the extent of climbing into his home. This superstition has protected these herons to the extent that they nest yearly by the hundreds in cer- tain of the many massive banyans overhanging the busy streets. MYIARCHUS CRINITUS AS A POLYGAMIST, While walking through an orchard one day, June 5, 1902, I came upon the nest of a crested flycatcher. It was built in the hollow of a decayed branch of an apple tree and was made of dried grass, some hair and a few feathers. It did not contain any snakeskin as they often do. The nest contained ten fresh eggs, five of which were very light and thinly marked, while the other five were heavily blotched, which undoubtedly proves that two females occupied the nest. There were only two birds in the vicinity but the other may have been away. As I was unable to again visit the nest I do not know how things turned out. Have read of a few similar cases but this is the first that came to my notice. WILLIAM WILKOVISKI, Mich. A ROBIN TRAGEDY. By LEANDER 8S. KEYSER. Author of “Birds of the Rockies,” “In Bird Land,” etc. One day I found a robin’s nest in a thick hedge fence. About two weeks later a fellow bird-lover and I were passing that way, and I desired to show him the nest thinking it might present something out of the common for his camera. And sure enough, it did—something quite unexpected and tragical. As we came to the place and peered into the hedge, each of us gave vent to an outburst of consternation, for there the robin hung, having been caught ona vicious thorn in the skin of its throat. A horizontal branch ran above the nest a few inches, on the upper side of which was a thorn pointing straight upward. In some way the poor bird had got caught on the thorn, which had penetrated clear through a fold of the skin of the throat, so that the sharp point stuck out on the other side. Her tail and feet were hidden behind the walls of the nest over which she was suspended. One blue egg lay in the cup of the nest. When broken, it showedno signs of incubation having been begun. My companion cut away a few of the intervening branches, and photographed the poor bird and its nest. How the disaster occurred can only be surmised. It is probable that the robin was driven by an enemy and sought refuge in the hedge, AMIURICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Si and in her haste to reach the nest flew against the thorn, which pene- trated the loose skin of her throat, and when she dropped her full weight upon it, she cold not free herself. There was no evidence of a struggle about the bird or her nest, and so it seems likely that the bird’s sufferings were brief. Perhaps the thorn pierced the windpipe sufficiently to cause speedy death by strangling. Photo by W. Leon Dawson. ROBIN TRAGEDY. This is the first bird I have ever seen caught in this way on a thorn. Many birds, such as the thrashers, robins, cardinals and shrikes, often build their nests in the most wicked looking thorn-bushes and hedges, into which they frequently plunge with seeming recklessness, and I have often wondered how they avoid impaling themselves; but it is a real comfort to know that fatalities of the kind described are of rare occurrence. The only one bearing a close resemblance to the robin tragedy that has come under my eye was that of a song sparrow which AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 38 Photo by W. Leon Dawson. ROBIN AND YOUNG. ANEINCAN ORNITHOLOGY. 39 had been caught in a sort of thorn trap in the midst of athick bush. It had perhaps crept into the place to escape an enemy, and found it im- possible to back out. In contrast with the disaster that overtook the robin of the hedge, I present the picture of a happy and fortunate robin family. The nest was built in a grapevine trailing over the side of a barn in a yard adjoining my own. This was right in the midst of the residence part of the town, and where people passed many times a day going to the barn. The little nursery was about four feet and a half from the door, partly in front of a window. The photographer arranged his camera, and then waited, bulb in hand, about an hour before the mother bird ventured to feed her young; but after she had given them their rations, she sat quietly in the branches a little above the nest while the camera man arranged his plates for several exposures. Madam Robin hunted. for worms for her bantlings in my rear and front yards,coming close to the house and showing little fear of her human neighbors. I could sit in plain sight on my back porch and watch her hunting for food and feeding her hungry bairns. Photo by R. H. Beebe. YOUNG BLUE JAYS. 40 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. A. O.U No. 667. (Dendroica virens.) RANGE. North America east of the Plains, breeding from the New England and Middle States north to Hudson Bay. Winters in Mexico and Cen- tral America. DESCRIPTION. Length about five inches. Adult male.—Throat and breast black, this extending down the sides in streaks. Sides of head yellow; upper parts greenish yellow; wings and tail grayish, the former with two white bands and the latter with the outer tail feathers white on the in- ner webs. Female and young.—Like the male except that the yellow of the side of the head invades the throat and the black feathers of the breast are tipped with yellowish white. NEST AND EGGS. Black-throated Greens nest in coniferous trees placing the nest well out towards the end of the branch. They make a neat little nest of shreds of bark, moss, grasses, and wool, and line it with horse hair. They lay four eggs which have a white or creamy white ground color and are specked with shades of brown and lilac chiefly around the larg- er end. HABITS. These pretty little warblers may be seen or heard in their breeding range from early in May until late in the summer. Owing to their abundance and to the peculiar song they are one of the most conspicu- ous birds to be found in the pine woods. It is characteristic of these birds that especially in the nesting season they are always found in pines, from which on pleasant days their strange notes come to the listening ear. These notes are wholly unlike those of any other war- bler and must be heard in order to gain any correct idea of their sound. ““Tzee-twee-zeep-zeep’’ with the latter notes of a higher tone than the first, will perhaps render it as well as the English language is capable of. Although one or more pairs nest in nearly every small clump of pine trees in New England, the majority of them prefer the lower growths that cover many of the hillsides. Here hundreds of them will build their little nests, but so cunningly do they conceal them that it is a very difficult matter to find them. Not only are the nests well con- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER. {Male, lower fig; female, upper. |] 41 42 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. cealed but the birds themselves have many ruses that they use success- fully to draw the intruder away from their homes. On one hillside that is well covered with small pines, and where there could not have been less than a hundred pairs of these warblers nesting, I have searched nearly every season for a great many years and have been rewarded by the finding of only four nests with either eggs or young. Many a morning have I arrived upon the grounds early with the intentions of making a day of it, in the attempt to locate their domicile. Around me in all directions echoed their peculiar song, while from the tips of the branches of some of the nearer pines would come the excited chirps of the owners of homes nearby. After remain- ing quietly beneath the lower branches of the spreading trees for a long time, the excitement dies out and the alarmed chirps cease. Another long wait and a faint chirp calls our attention to the top of the tree beneath which we are. A cautious glance upward shows that the female has returned and has a piece of nesting material in her bill. A moment later and we see her deposit it far out on the end of one of the highest branches. A few minutes later the male arrives with a similar load which he carefully deposits in the same place. We are confident that, at last, we have found what we have searched for so long and quietly withdraw from the vicinity, that they may work in peace. Great is our astonishment when upon making a call a few days later, we find that nothing more has been done; just the few pieces of grass remain just as the birds had left them. Several times I have been fooled in a like manner and it is my belief that the birds intentionally bring the straws and place them where they know'l can see them, in order to draw my attention away from the real nest. This opinion is strengthened by finding in one case, a nest with young, only a few feet from where a pair had started a fake nest a few days before. The real nest surely had eggs in it at the time I was first there, and as there was but one pair of anxious birds, the pair that fooled me must certainly have been the owners of the bona fide nest. On one occasion I got ahead of a pair of these warblers by creeping in- to concealment without their observing me, and then had the pleasure of watching the real nest-building. Both birds brought the nesting material, but the male merely threw his down on the foundation leav- ing it for the female to adjust and weave it to suit herself. She was so fastidious in regard to the appearance of her home, that nearly all her time was taken up in the forming of it, while the male brought nearly all the material. They were both very industrious and they made the whole of the outside structure while I was watching them. They were a happy pair and the male would pause after delivering AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 43 each load to sing his loudest and sweetest refrain, always using the very tip of the tree for this purpose. In the fall when they are migrating they depart from their usual ha- bits and may often be met with in other woods, especially birches, in company with other species on their way south. At this time they sing very little. OOS GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE. 5 RS A. O. U. NO. 592.1 (Oreospiza chlorura). RANGE. Breeds from the Rocky Mountain and plateau region west to the Sierras and San Bernadino Mountains. Migrates to Mexico although a few remain in the San Diegan district of California. DESCRIPTION. Length 7 in.; bill conical; tail long; rounded; tarsus long. Adults;—top of head bright chestnut; upper parts olivaceous; wings greenish yellow as is the tail; throat and belly white; breast and sides grayish. Young birds have the crown very dull, nearly the same color as the back. They are also duller below than the adults and have both the back and the breast streaked with dusky. NEST AND EGGS. This species nest in the thick sage brush or thorny: deer brush. It is a small neatly cupped affair composed of small twigs and lined with grass. The four eggs have a whitish ground and are thickly specked with cinnamon. HABITS. One evening just before sunset, I drove into a narrow valley in the high Sierras, through which ran the swift clear stream of the American river, while on either side of the vivid green and flowery meadows which bordered it, rose steep rocky walls at whose base were long slopes of granite talus, overgrown with a tangle of thorny underbrush. From this miniature forest rose such a chorus of sweet song as would have delighted the heart of any bird lover, and here I decided to stay. There was no room for me in the small inn, but a cot in a thick clump 44 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 45 of young firs near the stream was much more to my taste and gavea far better opportunity to watch the birds. I soon found that this chorus arose from only two species of birds, the Thick-billed Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca megarhynca) and the Green-tailed Towhee. Then the perplexing question to decide was from which bird any individual song came. Both are typical brush birds and rarely, or only for short intervals, show themselves above the surface, being perfectly satisfied with a life of obscure safety, lost among the aisles of their miniature forest. How they even find their own homes seems a mystery to the outsider, for’ the bushes look just alike, and the granite blocks are tumbled in monotonous confusion while miles upon miles of hillside are covered in the same way with these hardy shrubs which grow in barren and rocky soil. I found, however, that the Thick-bill had more ambition than his fel- low townsman, the Towhee, and would at times, mount high in the bare trees near his nest, and there pour out his rich and melodious strain for a considerable length of time. His tone is more powerful and pene- trating than that of the Towhee, and the song rather longer continued. However, the Towhee’s is by no means to be despised, in its shrill sweetness, and when such a multitude sing together as I heard in Strawberry Valley, the effect is delightful. The quality is finchlike, not at all like that of the other Towhees. Surely the English name as well as the Latin generic name should be a new one and belong alone to this charming bird. The first nest which I found was built close to the stage road at a height of about two feet from the ground, and near the top of atangled thicket of thorny ceanothus. I found it by chance, while spending the hours in the heat of the day, watching some solitary wasps near by. The pair were seen going in and out of the thicket, and became quite accustomed to my presence before a friend put his hand on the nest. It then contained four young with the eyes just opening. They re- sponded to every jar of the bush by opening their beaks. They also knew the voice of their parents. The peculiar mewing note, like that of a young kitten ““mew-mew-eep”’ was the only one used by them when approaching the nest. They fed them altogether with small smooth larvae, mostly green ones, and were very busy. During the mating period the female calls the male to her by a diff- erent note— a chirp—and by displaying her pretty white throat in an engaging attitude. The red top of the head is the most noticeable feature, as it is raised and lowered inexcitement. The yellowish green color of the wings and tail only shows clearly during flight. This nest full of young ones was unfortunate for some reason. They kept 46 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. squirming and tumbling out of the nest, though never when I was in sight. My friend on several successive days found the young helpless- ly suspended in the bushes and nearly dead from the cold. She re- placed them and they always revived, but one day they had all dis- appeared, though not yet well fledged. Mrs. Bailey states that the nests are usually placed on the ground. Is it possible that this particular family had not the instinct evolved as yet to make them stay in a higher nest until able to fly. The nest was well built and deep enough. I have also seen the bird in winter on the very south- ern edge of California. Here it is more silent and secretive than on its nest- ing grounds. ANNA HEap, Berkeley, Calis Photo by Anna Head. Green-tailed Towhee. A WINTER RAMBLE IN NOVA SCOTIA. By C. E. FOREST. FTER the Thrushes, Warblers and other summer visitors have gone south, and the dead leaves fall silently into the deserted nests, many true lovers of our birds are inclined to think that their forest rambles are over, not to be re- sumed until next year’s Robin heralds the approach of spring. But he who misses the winter rambles, misses much of what Nature has to show, besides that supply of vigor with which one finds himself filled after a walk in the crisp air of a winter’s morning. Occasionally some one comments upon the scarcity of birds in the At- lantic Provinces in the winter. It is true that comparatively few birds stay with us during the cold months, but the impressions made upon one by meeting them in their winter haunts, seems to be more distinct and to remain with one longer than those made when we are sur- rounded so thickly by birds and bird voices that we cannot sometimes separate the individual calls or songs in the chorus. The winter soli- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 47 tude of the forest brings out the individuality of a bird to as great an extent as the white carpet of snow makes it distinct to the eye. Two miles north of my native village is a small woodland lake fed by innumerable springs. From this lake flows a brook which is dammed up at the village to form a mill-pond. Between the mill-pond and the lake is a wood-clad hill which makes it necessary for the brook to flow in a wide curve around its base. To go around the edge of the pond, follow the windings of the brook to the lake, and then return to the village by skirting the base of the hill on the opposite side, makes one of the best rambles to be had any- where. As we start from the village in the morning, while the sun is still among the branches of the spruces on the hill we can see out in the rushes of the pond, the rough heaps of sticks, roots and grasses that the muskrats have made into homes for the winter. Any calm evening last fall we would have noticed that the surface of the water was broken by the long V-shaped ripples made by these animals as they were gathering the material for these houses. Fortune seems to be with us at the very first, for before reaching the head of the pond, we see, picking at the red berries on a dog-wood, a flock of large heavy-billed birds. These are Pine Grosbeaks, most of them females and young as is shown by the yellowish tinge, although a few males are shown to be present by the pink flashes that we see as the sun glances from their plumage. As we leave the pond and start up the brook, we are no sooner in the shadow of the spruces than we hear a “‘kip, kip, kip’? followed by a whir which sounds like a peal of thunder. We start involuntarily, then look at each other and laugh. Everyone starts when a Ruffed Grouse whirs away, and knows that his neighbors do. The Grouse rumbles away a few rods at full speed then we see him set his wings and sail lightly downwards. But we have to go up some distance beyond the the place where he appeared to alight before starting him up again for he will probably run when he strikes the ground. Old Nature with its beautiful blanket of snow, appears to have turned over a new leaf, and many are the stories, and not a few tragedies that can be read from the white page. The ground is covered with tracks, many of them being made by the red squirrel. Here from this stump are the tiny tracks of a wood mouse; they disappear under yonder flat stone. Here the track of a rabbit crosses our path, and we can almost see him loping along, stopping occasionally to browse the tender buds within reach. As we follow the tracks we find where the clear cut trail of old Reynard has joined in. We follow the double track to see what the outcome will be. Here the lengthened tracks of Bunny show that 48 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. he has taken alarm and is trying to reach his burrow in advance of his enemy. A little farther on we find that he succeeded for his tracks end in front of a small burrow under the roots of an immense maple. We read in the snow where Reynard had stopped to sniff down the hole, and we can almost see the disappointment in his wicked, sharp-featured visage, as he trotted off to look after his breakfast elsewhere. As we stand, silently applauding bunny for his escape, we hear the familiar ““Chickadee-dee-dee’’ We soon discover the authors of the song; they are flitting about among the under branches of the spruces a short distance away and appear to be slowly working their way in our direction. Here they come flitting from branch to branch, the most cheerful little feathered beings that can be found in our winter woods. Right on their flank and almost over our heads are two other Chicka- dees with brown caps instead of black and with much brown on their under parts. These are the Hudsonian Chickadees, less common in Nova Scotia than the Black-capped but still often met with in company with the others. We find also in company with the Chickadees, a num- ber of Golden-crowned Kinglets and a pair of Red-bellied Nuthatches. As we continue our tramp and reach the lake, we startle a flock of seven Black Ducks that have come in from the coast to get a drink of fresh water from the brook, which because of the swiftly flowing water rarely freezes. With much splashing and quacking they are off and settle down into their well known whistling flight, their wings keeping perfect time. After examining some mink tracks along the edge of the brook we strike off back of the hill and make our way back to the village. MARSH HAWK. A. O. U. No. 331. (Cireus hudsonicus.) RANGE. This bird ranges over practically the whole of North America, breed- ing throughout its range but more especially in the northerly parts than in the extreme south. It winters in the southern parts of the Unit- ed States and in Cuba and Mexico. DESCRIPTION. Length from 18 to 21 in. the female being the larger bird; Iris and feet bright yellow. Male.— Very old males have the whole of the up- per parts except the rump a light bluish gray; most specimens, how- ever, are plain gray sometimes washed with dusky; the upper breast is always grayish generally mixed with some brownish; rest of under parts pure white with long brownish spots and some bars. The upper tail coverts in all plumages of both the adults and young are white. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. MARSH HAWKS. 49 50 AVEIRO AS “ONE OLOGY Female and young.— Upper parts dark brown with many of the fea- thers having lighter brown edgings. Under parts light brownish or yellowish brown with dark brown lengthened spots. Upper tail cov- erts white. NEST AND EGGS. Marsh Hawks nest on the ground in marshy places. The nest is generally made almost entirely of grass or hay, this being wound around to form a neat cup about a foot in diameter and two or three inches in depth; sometimes a few sticks enter into its make-up. Their Photo by P. B. Peabody. MARSH HAWKS. (1 week old.) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Buk Photo by P. B. Peabody. YOUNG MARSH HAWKS. (3 weeks old.) breeding season commences soon after the first of May. Complete sets of eggs number from three to six, most often four or five making the number. The eggs are a pale bluish white or greenish white aud are oftenest unspotted although very often sets will be seen that have faint shell marking or spots of pale brownish. HABITS. This long winged and long legged harrier is one of the most com- mon of the Raptores. The species can always readily be distinguish- ed from any other by the white upper tail coverts which are present in all stages of plumage and by the general coloration. Their flight ex- cept when in the pursuit of prey, is generally quite slow, probably due to the eagerness with which they are watching the ground below for the slightest sign of animal life. Although slow their flight is very graceful and they will sail back and forth over the meadow with their AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Horton. S. Photo by L. K. NEST OF MARSH HAW AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 53 wings fully extended, scarcely a tremble being perceptible to the eye. When they are suspicious of the presence of quarry under some grassy cover, they will hover over the spot for a moment, and woe be- tide the animal that shows the slightest motions, for that eagle eye which is searching every blade of grass will detect it and— a sudden rush and the merciless talons have the unfortunate victim in their re- lentless grasp. On cloudy days or just before dusk is the most favorable time to see these hawks, as this is the time when the meadow mice are the most active and therefore is the favorite meal time for the hawks. Besides meadow mice and moles, they feed largely upon grasshoppers, frogs, small birds and even snakes. The percentage of birds that they eat is relatively small as compared to the mice that they destroy and they are classed as one of the most useful of the hawk family. Whena favorable opportunity occurs or when other provender is scarce they also try their hand, or rather feet, at poultry raising, generally with considerable success. Iam inclined to think it is individuals rather than the ma- jority of the species who are given to chicken stealing. As these hawks are generally seen in pairs even during the winter it is believed that they remain mated through life. Unless robbed fre- quently of their treasures the same pair will return to the same nesting grounds year after year. During the mating season or that period immediately preceding the nest building, they are very active and a pair may often be seen chas- ing one another, in the meantime uttering the most piercing of whistles or screams. A nesting site is chosen a short distance from the water or it may be that it will be placed in a small clump of grass entirely surrounded by water. Weedsand grasses are gathered and arranged in circular form until the exterior of the nest is two or three inches above the ground. In case it is very damp they may first build a plat- form of sticks and twigs. Both birds take part in the nest building and also in the incubation of the eggs which lasts about three weeks. The young are covered with a soft white down, through which at the end of the first week a few pinfeathers begin to show. These increase in number and size, gradually bursting the tubes and exposing the dark feathers, until at the end of the third or fourth week the hawk is able to flap his wings and clumsily make his first flight. For several weeks after they are able to fly they are followed and fed by their parents, who gradually instruct them in the arts and ways of catching their own food. The young when in the nest are generally wild and will bite and scratch if any attempt is made to handle them. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Sat NS NOTES ON THE HERMIT THRUSH. lin lig UCH praised, as this bird certainly is and few of our = songbirds have been paid the tribute, either in verse or prose, that is accorded to the “gentle hermit of the dale,’ yet a great deal more may be said concerning his shy, wildwood ways, and his beautiful voice, with- out fear of filling too full the catalogue of his virtues. == And I make my excuse, if any is needed, the fact that alll PWWee I have seen him and heard him sing, in circumstances which were to me most interesting, and which may have in them some- thing new to many who take pleasure in watching our birds and listen- ing to their songs. We were camping, my friend and I, in the mountains north of Kat- ahdin Iron Works; spending the day trout-fishing in the swift waters of the Pleasant River, and most of the night in sleep. On this particular night we had finished supper just as the dusk was falling, and for a long time we sat there quietly, not caring by word or motion to break the strange, vocal silence of the deep woods. Over the hushy whisper of the brook came the weird hoot of an owl, greeting the rising moon, and just as the silver light was spreading softly over everything and sifting down through the trees in little bright patches that made the shadows still more dark, burst from the depths of the wood the rich sweet prelude of the hermit’s song. Many times before I had heard the song, but never like this. It was all as mysterious and unreal as a vision of fairyland, yet the wonderful sweetness of that voice swelling up out of the woods left an impression that I can never lose. For a long time we sat and listened, unwilling to miss a single note, but at last the weariness which comes from following all day the hard course of a tumbling mountain stream got the better of us and we went to sleep on our bed of spicy fir, and left the bird still filling the forest spaces with the happiness which was too much for his little soul to hold. At midnight I awoke, and as I lay for a moment listening to the soft woody sounds, again broke forth the untiring song. At four in the morning we were both awake for the day, and as we bestirred ourselves in preparations for an early breakfast, the Hermit sang his morning hymn, the lively little Winter Wren playing arippling, running accompaniment. Once more in that same summer I heard the Hermit Thrush under singularly favorable circumstances. A party of us were climbing one of the steep rocky mountains of Mt. Desert Island, Maine, and had stopped for a moment to rest on the favoring shoulder of a ledge. We were above the wood line, and had left, as we thought, all the birds ? weer | : i =. en ipily WWW AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 55 save the hawks and eagles far out of hearing distance, when?suddenly floated up from: beneath us the first note of the Hermit’s song, and for some time we were favored with as fine a display of his vocal powers as Ihave heard. My next meeting with this meistersinger among birds was in a scene far different from these and strangely incongruous. In smoky Chicago I occupied a tiny room in a boarding house on Dearborn avenue; scarcely a mile from the busy center of the city, and not a hundred yards from a rattling cable line. My window looked out on a diminu- tive back yard, to which a solitary tree gave some appearance of life and verdure. Ona morning in April I was drowsing away the early hours, uncertain whether to wake up and begin the day or to fall asleep again; when I was startled to wide wakefulness by a rich, clear note which seemed to come from my little yard. Could I mistake even that short fragment of the song? Yet how impossible that a Hermit Thrush should be there at all, to say nothing of his singing at such a time and in such a place. I obeyed my first impulse, which was to jump out of bed and run to the window, and there, sure enough, was a solitary Hermit. It was a long cold spring, many of the birds that breed farther north long overstaying their usual time, and I had an opportunity to see several Hermit Thrushes in the parks and in the woody suburbs, but not once again did I hear so much as a call note from one of them, they all passed noiselessly from bush to bush, biding their time until they could give full voice to their joy in living, in their beloved northern forests. FREEMAN FOSTER BURR. 56 sos AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ““&. EPT. 15th, was an ideal late summer day for the nature lover to take an outing. The writer spent the greater part of the afternoon in a stroll along the banks of the beautiful Nesha- miny Creek. All the insects, birds, fish and small animals that arouse the curiosity of the observer were out in full force, particularly the caterpillars, which compelled this particular observer to beat a hasty retreat from the sheltering shade of a clump of bushes that must have been alive with them. While resting later on the gnarled projecting stump of a swamp oak on the bank of the creek, the shadow of a huge bird flitted across the surface of the water directly before me. Glancing quickly upward toward the sun, a magnificent Osprey was seen poised in the air as motionless as though he had been stuffed and strung there on wire stretching from the tall trees on either side of the stream. Here was something more than usual to watch and the observer turned his attention from a sunfish in the shallow water to his enemy poised in the air. For five minutes or more this close relative of the king of birds hung almost perfectly still over a portion of the creek possibly two or three feet deep. Its powerful eyes were watching with intense eagerness all that was taking place in the liquid depths below. Sud- denly the big bird quivered and then became instantly more rigid than before, if possible. Then with the seeming quickness of light, it threw itscenter of gravity forwards, dropping headforemost until it reached the water, which it entered with talons spread to catch its prey. The monster bird was completely submerged and it was several seconds before he re-appeared, dripping from his plunge but bearing, as it were triumphantly, his quarry in his claws. Luckily the broad winged hunter had not seen his watcher, who was waiting to see the closing act of this tragedy of nature. The bird flew but a few yards up stream and then alighted upon the bare branch of a white oak to make disposal of his game. The fish which seemed to be a mullet soon disappeared and the hawk flew away. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 57, AN ORIOLE'S NEST. If one wishes to find birds of almost every species in their glory and in the midst of their spring house-keeping let him spend the months of May and June in Elkhart, Wisconsin. Baltimore Orioles were very numerous and one of our chief joys there. To watch the whole recon- struction of a last year’s nest from a point of vantage under some cedar trees only a few feet from the great elm from which the nest was. swung, was a three days delight. That ones faces and necks were scratched by the sharp pointed cedar twigs, ones hair pins loosened and scattered, and ones position, back-breaking in the extreme, were matters of absolutely no importance. We were fortunate enough to spy Mother Oriole from our piazza whence she came to look over last year’s home to see whether it would admit of renovation for this year’sfamily. She evidently decid- ed in the affirmative and while she flew away for her first supplies we scrambled under the nearest cedar trees and waited breathlessly for her next move which proved to be not one more but asuccession of the most rapid pullings, peckings, and clawings of the old nest, a sort of archi- tectural survey to decide upon the the best plan for transforming the old home into a new. On her next sally from the tree she brought back a white string which she fastened by the simplest, shuttle-like motions of her bill, to the drooping sides of the nest. Then, bringing the string over atwiga foot above the nest, she constructed, thereby, a veritable pulley, and when the loose end of the string had been fastened also to the nest, the result was a loop strong enough to secure the little home against the chances of wind and weather. Mother Oriole’s front door had to be changed to suit the presemt position of the nest and hours were spent in deftly weaving with that little nervous bill, a network of threads and grass across the disused opening. Then she was obliged to make over a hole caused by the tearing of outlying twigs during the storms of the previous winter, into a presentable new entrance. When we found she seemed not to object to our proximity, we returned to send forth from hiding one of the smallest members of our group to place strings and thread on a little stump close by. This she immediately secured, adapting it to her uses with the most marvelous dexterity. All her motions were so dainty and graceful and quick! And yet one felt the power of determination and strength in the little active body. Father Oriole inthe meantime was the victim of our scorn: ‘‘ Why doesn’t the lazy fellow help his wife? He might at least furnish mater- 382 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ials.’’ But we soon learn that this was not Orioles way and that Mother Oriole expected her mate to stay on guard in a tree near by, not assisting except to drive away occasional intruders and send her now then an encouraging remark, which we are forced to admit, she answered in a somewhat shrewish tone. But perhaps it is trying to the nerves to work so hard and see ones husband looking so handsome and brilliant with nothing to ruffle either feathers or nerves. When we came out on the third morning of the ‘“‘reconstruction period’ what was our amazement to see, dangling from the nest, a long white thread with a shining needle swinging at the end, the whole thing evidently filched from our sewing left out doors over night. Oh, why did not Mother Oriole reserve this crowning glory, of adding a real light- ning rod to her home, till sleepy humans were awake to see! We left Elkhart during the days of rest to which Mother Oriole felt entitled after her successful labors, so we could not watch the rearing of the brood, nor have the satisfaction of watching Father Oriole engaged in this share of the labor. My SRA EAS. OSPREY. AMLRICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 59 CHAT Swith YQ Stake FRIE ENDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. DEAR BoyYS AND GIRLS: I know you will be interested in the account one of our readers gives of his success in making friends with the winter birds. As the cold and snow deplete the supply of food in the woods, the confidence of the nuthatches and chickadees especially seems to be in- creased, aud many of us have so enjoyed the fearlessness with which they perch on head or shoulder, and take food from our hands, that it seems the fault of man himself that these gentle ones scatter at his ap- proach. We heard a bird-lover tell of a blgejay which at his call would come from among the tree-tops, for its breakfast each morning from his hands. I hope some of you can name the bird which one of our readers de- scribes'so well. We would remind our young folks to be sure and send the answers with all puzzles which they send to this department. Cordially your friend, MrcG MERRYTHOUGHT. ANSWERS TO JANUARY PUZZLES, Numerical Engima, Ruby-throated Hummingbird. CENTRAL ACROSTIC. heRon quAil maVis veEry fiNch 60 AME@RICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ROLL OF HONOR. Louise Jordon, Defiance, Ohio. Huldah Chase Smith, Providence, R. I. Stafford Francis, Exter, N. H. SEARCH QUESTIONS. 1. Doves not only gather the food for their young, but swallow and soften it, this “‘pigeon’s milk,’’ as it is called, is then pumped from the parent’s crop'into the fledgling’s throat. Flickers and many other birds also prepare the food in'like manner: even the dainty hum- ming bird sips the sweetness from the flowers, to regurgitate it for the two mites which occupy her nest. 2. The American Woodcock uses its upper mandible like a finger to assist it in drawing its food from the ground. 3. Grebes are poorly fitted for land travel, and when in haste use their wings as a second pair of legs, thus going on “ all fours. ”’ 4, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Indigo bird, Scarlet tanager, Cardinal, Purple Finch, Se ae aN ae MAIL-BAG EXTRACTS. TAMING THE BIRDS. I have been greatly interested lately by a flock of chickadees, ( both the Eastern and Mountain species ), which have been lingering about my doorsteps to receive various scraps of meat, suet, crackers and bread, thrown out by admiring hosts. I have been diligently persuad- ing these little mites to eat out of my hand but have not succeeded well until very recently, when one of our own truly Western Mountain species gratified my keen desire by perching on my finger and eating from the bone held within my hand, as if it was oyster soup and mince pie. After this their timidity vanished and now they light upon my head and shoulders as if an old acquaintance. To any passer-by the trees surrounding the house must present a ludicrous appearance indeed, as a large per cent of them have an appe- tizing bone suspended within their branches, while some are the proud possessors of two. This assortment has attracted a great variety of birds, among them: the aforesaid chickadees,the White and Red-breasted Nuthatches, Rocky Mountain Jays, ( or Camp Robbers ), Downy and Nuttall’s Woodpeck- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 61 ers, Winter Wrens, and Magpies. A Sharp-shinned Hawk also visited the feast, seemingly to obtain a good meal off of one of the many chickadees present, he was peremptorily dismissed upon the advent of a young man with a gun however. CrLrariR MacMorran, Newport, Wash. A STRANGER BIRD. The other morning my father called me to come and see what bird it was that he saw. I went out doors and by going slowly, I got about six feet from him. He was a soft gray, all over, except his wings, tail, and the crown of his head. His wings and tail had white feathers in them, and his crown was yellowish white as nearly as I could see. His breast near his throat was rather pinkish, and he was a little larger than the robin. When I went toward him he madea mournful whistle, singularly sweet and penetrating. Since then I have often heard him whistle, and have wondered what he was. SALLY W. ORVIS, Manchester, V.. I do not like to hunt, because I think it is cruel to kill the birds, especially since they help to keep down the destructive insects and eat the seeds of noxious weeds. G. L. HARRINGTON, Langdon, Minn. « PUZZLES. A Diamond. Centrals read dowaward and from left to right spell the name of a game bird. xX A consonant OxXO An animal (OY 0) XO) Cheerful O©OOOX? We Want Ornithologists 7" to write for our freecatalog. } Weteach Taxidermy in all } its branches BY MAIL. . Complete course in 15 les- | ZA sons, at reasonable cost. eA" ; Every bird-lover and na- EN turalist should be able to Jean eee properly mount specimens. ye eee #| Are you interested? Your , name on a postal brings lit- ~~ b erature. Write today. THE NORTHWESTERN iaeeg SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY. 460 Bee Building, ~ Omaha, Neb. JAMES P. BABBITT, Covers the entire field of — DEALER IN — : F : orts Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- Western S mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Specialty. by land and sea TAUNTON, MASS. ‘4 : Bargain Lists free upon application. eae ee DEPSEISENTS \y' Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- ; Hunting and Shooting -—_Fish and Fishing \ plies 2c. Game Protection Physical Culture \* Bae Golf Automobiling i | ; Tennis Yachting oF * 0 Canoeing Athletics ~ Naturalist Supply Depot | watt ceeraticom tin - Natural History The Dog ts Adventure Fiction > z Pees IN Club Life Photography i Supplies of all Kinds, Glass Eyes. 150 pages Deautifully fllustrated. Clean, autbeark and 2 authoritative. published at Mounted Specimens a Specialty. Send roc for catalog 4 Sutter Street, San granclsco, Cal. 10 cents the copy $1.00 the year FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO., Sample Copics with pleasure Museum HYDE PARK, MASS. FOR EVERY SCHOOL FOR EVERY HOME. | ieee PERRY PICTURES ONE CENT EACH For 25 or more postpaid. GoLp MEDAL, PARIS EXPOSITION. Size, 52 x 8. . Assorted as desired. THE WAVE 120 for $1,00. THE ONE CENT PICTURES ARE 8 TO 10 TIMES THIS SIZE. THE PERRY PICTURES, New York Edition. 2 cents each for 13 or more. Size, 7 x9. THE PERRY PICTURES, Extra Size. 5. for 25c.: 11 for 50c.: 23 for $1.00. Size 10 x 12. THE PERRY PICTURES, Small Size. One-half cent each for 50 or more. Size 3x33, LARGE PICTURES for SCHOOL ROOM and HOME DECORATIONS,-Size 22x28, 75¢ each, 8 for $5. Send three two-cent stamps for illustrated catalogue containing1,000 miniature! illustrations . Beautifully illustrated, Every teacher should have The Perry Magazine. it. $1.00 per year. Monthly except July and Aug. THE 'PERRY PICTURES COMPANY. yee Witt Sve vow work. Box 413 Malden, Mass. Send ali mail orders to Malden. A NEW ILLUS- TRATED MAGA- ZINE for BOYS and GIRLS. Single Copies {0 cents Annual Subscrip- tion $1.00 Each number of Youth contains two serial stories by the best writers; a number of bright short stories. special feature articles upon up-to-date subjects, together with at- tractive accounts of the world’s passing events. In addition there are breezy ac- counts from the amateur athletics, a depart- ment of entertaining in-door pastimes, and a well-conducted puzzle page. Sample copy sent free to any address. The Penn Publishing Co., 923 Arch St., Phiiadelphia, Penn | The Penn Publifhing Company Phil ee THE JOURNAL OF THE MAINE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Now in its Seventh Vol. Be sure and get the January Number so to get Mr. A. H. Norton’s article on “© The Finches of Maine.” In the April number wiil begin a series of papers on ‘‘ The Warb- lers to be found in Maine.’’ SUBSCBIPTION Fifty cents per annum. Fifteen cents per copy. Send stamp for sample copy. J. MERTON SWAIN, Business Manager, Fairfield, = Maine. A Great Magazine Offer By special arrangement with the pub- lishers, we are enabled to make readers the following remarkable offer: WESTERN CAMERA NOTES, $1.00 The popular amateur photo- graphic monthly. Our COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA, $3.00 ‘ As The finest illustrated magazine of natureever published. Hun- dreds of beautiful reproduc- tions from photographs. SUCCESS 1.00)" ge © © 8 5 ® The great home magazine of America. - You may substitute for Coxniry Life SUBSTITUTIONS: in the above offer any ONb «f the following magazines: World’s Work ($3.00), Outing ($3.00), Review of Reviews ($2.50)),Art Interchance (54.00), Lippineott’s ($2.50), The Independent ($2.00). Or you may substitute for Coantry Life any THREE of the following one dollar magazines: Frank Leslie’s Popular Monthly, The Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, Woman’s Home Companivn, Pearson’s Magazine. No substitutions are allowed for either WESTERN CAMERA NOTES or SUCCESS re SEND IN YOUR ORDER TO-DAY TO WESTERN CAMERA PUB. CO., M:NNEAPOLIS, MINN. @ Methods in he Art of Taxidermy Pf By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘“Nests and w Eggs of North American Birds-” 7] S 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS y a wile lnk foetal ati habbo & Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid. or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, : S a Worcester, Mass fe Wh American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75_Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il and lll, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, II, II] and subscription for 1904, $3.00. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. —COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. kK. REED—_— VOL. IV MARCH, 1904. NO. 3. ARE YOU EQUIPPED FOR SPRING BIRD STUDY? From the first of April until the middle of May, occurs the great spring migration. The two following articles as well as a note book and pen- cil are essential if you wish to get the most value from your observa- tions of the birds. gee FIELD GLASSES.—You cannot trust to your eyes, especially when watching a small bird flitting about among the branches. ‘The eyes aided by a good pair of field glasses see birds plainly and are not mis- taken. We have trieda great many makes and fina that the ones adver- tised elsewhere in this number at $5.00, to be the best that can be obtained for the price. They are well made and optically are equal to a glass costing three times as much. They magnify about three diam- eters so that you can see a bird about ten times as plainly with them as with the eyes. These glasses are nearly always used by the editor of this magazine rather than a pair of binoculars costing $75.00. Chapman’s COLOR KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.— Having seen a bird, you wish to find out what it is. You can readily do so if you have this book. It is a complete illustrated dictionary of birds, showing in colors nearly every species found in North America. It is the most useful book on birds that has been written and is equally valuable in all sections of the country. The price of this book is $2.50 (See ad. in this number.) SPECIAL.—During March, April and May we will mail prepaid to any address, both the above FIELD GLASSES and Chapman’s - “‘COLOR KEY” for $7.00. Address, Chas. K. Reed,Worcester, Mass. Photo by J. A. Munro. NEST AND EGGS OF LOON. 66 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A LOON'S NEST, Many miles north of the summer excursionists last camping ground, there is a beautiful sheet of water called Silver Lake. A dense growth of hemlock, balsam and spruce forms an almost impenetrable barrier to the waters edge, and in the transparent depths every twig is perfectly reflected. From our camp, beside a pile of giant granite boulders, covered deep with moss and lichen, a full view of the lake’s expanse could be obtained. The birds that interested me most, were a pair of loons that spent the day floating motionlessly on the unruffled surface or else perform- ing wonderful diving aud swimming feats. Their wild cry was the first sound heard after getting up in the morning and the last one at night. One bird was always to be seen on the lake, but the other, the female, was absent most of the time. I was determined to find their nest, but for several days was un- successful. Many hours of laborious pushing, through the shallow, weedy lagoons or arms of the lake, only brought to light, a Black Duck’s nest, a brood of young Hooded Mergansers and a few Black- birds’ nests. The day before breaking camp, I paddled completely around the lake and found the entrance of a narrow lagoon that had hitherto escaped my notice. In the shallow water, rushes and peablow- ers were growing luxuriantly and it was hard work pushing the canoe through. Coming out suddenly from behind a bunch of rushes, I came into view of an old muskrat house and sitting on the top was a Loon. It lurched forward into the water, then took a slanting course into the air. The bird seemed very much bewildered at the apparition that had penetrated its domain, and at first seemed undecided what to do. It circled once around the nest, then took an erratic course towards the open water of the lagoon, where I could see its head and neck above the water and hear its wild reproachful cries. There was a slight depression on top of the pile of mud and rushes and in it the two brown spotted, drab eggs were lying with no pro- tection from the hot June sun. It was in a difficult position to photo- graph the eggs, as the mud at the bottom of the lagoon was too deep to allow my getting out of the canoe. Finally I managed to steady the canoe with a paddle stuck into the mud and by placing two legs of the tripod in the canoe and one against the muskrat house I succeeded in focusing the camera. Unfortunately my position only allowed my getting a portion of the nest and when I developed the plate I found that the eggs were shown at rather a disadvantage. The legs of the tripod must have slipped after I put in the plate holder. As I paddled out of the lagoon, the Loon kept about a hundred yards ahead of me, looking back uneasily all the while. When I reached the lake, she dived and swam swiftly towards the nest. J. A. Munro, Toronto. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 67 THE BIRDS OF A CITY HAUNT. By Guy H. EMERSON. I have visited some very beautiful and interesting birding-places since the love of Nature study was awakened in me; some places were dis- tinguished for their natural beauty; some for the rarity of the birds to be found within their limits; and others for their great variety of species. I know of no single haunt, however, which so well combines these three qualities, and which is, at the same time, so small as a little place not far from the gilded dome of Boston’s Statehouse. In our little orni- thological circle it has been familiarly known as “‘The Haunt,’’ and I shall so refer to it in these papers. The few acres which make up the Haunt are portions of three estates, and the section is not in the least private; in fact its beauty makes it very popular for walking, and it is traversed by two roads and several paths. Within its small compass are an oak grove, a stubbly pasture, a bush-grown lowland, a pond with a winding brook which empties into the Charles River, and a large dump-pile. Electric cars pass on two sides of the Haunt, and all points in it are in view from some of the nearby houses. I was fortunately situated just across the street from this little “‘rus in urbe,’ and it was my custom for over two years to visit it daily except during the mid-summer season. As a result I have made a list of over eighty species there from personal observation, and other re- liable records which have been kindly furnished me bring the list up to one hundred. I shalltry to describe my friends in the Haunt during the different seasons. When ‘““Heaped in the hollows of the grove, The withered leaves lie dead And rustle to the eddying gust And to the rabbit’s tread:”’ when the bright summer songsters are gone, and the evenings grown chilly, there appears in the Haunt a little band of cheerful birds which are to me the most typical of the winter season. I have called them the “Winter Friends;” they are the Chickadee, Downy Woodpecker, Golden-crowned Knight, Brown Creeper and White-breasted Nuthatch. One of the unmistakable signs of approaching winter is the flocking of birds. As soon as the moulting season is over birds begin to wander about, and the vast “‘roosts’’ of Robins, and the gathering together of large numbers of warblers, finches, and shore-birds illustrate this habit. In the case of the Winter Friends the rule that birds of a feather flock together is not borne out, although the general tendency is more forci- 68 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. bly illustrated in their case than in the others; for while it seems natural for birds of the same families, as warblers and shore-birds, to associate in their southward journey, it is strange to see five different species so inseparable. From the standpoint of human nature this alliance on the part of the Winter Friends is the most natural thing inthe world. Dur- ing the long, cold winter season we should be inclined to pity two tiny Kinglets wandering alone through the woods, or a demure creeper wending his way up trunk after trunk without any happy voice nearby to cheer him. These birds are essentially Wznter Friends; their company is not complete in the Haunt before November, and with the first definite signs of spring the staunch little friends part and go about household cares until another cold season. The Chickadee is the guiding spirit of the company. He is the trumpeter, and at the same time the general. Let us go out and see if we can find them. The grove is silent in the cool morning; the light west wind makes the dead oak leaves tremble and toss; a few patches of snow remain from the last storm. As we walk along, talking quiet- ly, a faint “‘chick’”’ is heard, and another; we pause, and after a minute one of us whistle ‘“‘phoebe.’’ At once the notes become more plentiful. and after the phoebe note has been repeated several times, a pair of chickadees fly into the tree under which we are standing, and are soon joined by three more, all apparently busily engaged, while they are try- ing to conceal their curiosity. One scolds “‘chick-a-dee-dee-dee-dee- dee,’’ the last notes with a hoarse tone as if he were really quite enraged, at our presumption. One answers our whistle in an uncertain manner. Meanwhile several little Kinglets are noticed very busily engaged in picking bits of food from the tips of the smallest twigs. The Kinglet has always impressed me as an extraordinarily good-natured little fel- low; he finds plenty of room for a large heart. Not over, nor yet too shy and retiring, he gives his little ‘“zee-zee-zee”’ in a cheerfu! manner. Sometimes in this same grove the Kinglets will descend to the ground to pick about under the leaves which completely bury their tiny bodies. With a spirited ‘“‘yank-yank,’’ the Nuthatch flies up and proceeds to climb over the larger branches with considerable speed. He is a friend- ly bird, too, and is never without interest in a visitor, though he can spare but a moment to give evidence of his friendliness. As he works steadily, head downward, he Stons to look up at us in that very characteristic way of his. On the next tree, hitching rapidly up the trunk is a brown creeper. Unless we had expected him, we might have missed him entirely, so closely does he resemble the bark. He seems to prefer a somewhat AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 69 irregular spiral course, from right to left, as he works up the main trunk of this tree, and then when he reaches the first branches he flies to the bottom of another trunk and gives his single nofe, a lisping “cree.” The creeper is the best example of protective coloration which the Haunt affords, and he shows very decidedly that he is aware of this gift. I have frequently come within three feet of a creeper as he clung, flattened against the trunk of a tree, before he would stir. Then he would fly or dodge to the other side of the tree like a flash, and keep the trunk between himself and me as I endeavored to see him further. But as a rule the creeper is a very busy bird in winter and has no time to stop for visitors unless they be of the hawk or owl family. Were it not for the fact that he follows the others so faithfully I might be tempted to think the creeper a very matter-of-fact and unsentimental bird. The downy brings up the rear of the company. As we watch him, he impresses us as being very thorough in his work. He stays for a long time on one tree, until the other birds have all passed on; then with a sharp note, he passes them with bounding flight and goes to work again. Ever moving, the Winter Friends disappear as suddenly as they came, and with a sense of satisfaction we pass on to see other sights. During the winter in which I have had a band of Winter Friends un- der observation in the Haunt (probably the same birds each winter) I have never been unable to find two or three of the five species, and generally all five have been at once in evidence. I have found this group of birds interesting from an economic point of view. Day after day they go over the same trees, the Chickadees and Kinglets rapidly, and the Nuthatches, Downys and Creepers with great care; yet they never exhaust the supply of food. Now when we consider the number of insects and /arvae which such a group of from a dozen to fifteen birds destroys during a winter, we can realize the economic value of the smallest birds. Speaking of small birds, I had a little visitor from November to Jan- uary one year, in whom I took much interest. He was a Winter Wren; a diminutive little brown fellow, with his short tail turned up, and a complete aversion to remaining still even for a moment. I first met him near the dump-pile, if the truth must be told; hearing a note which I thought was Song Sparrow’s common call. I was about to note it down when I saw this small bird mount for an instant to the top of a pile of brush, bobbing up and down most excitedly. CHICAGO THE CONDOR A MAGAZINE OF WESTERN ORNITHOLOGY. EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER. THE CONDOR is indispensable to every serious bird student. During 1904 THE CONDOR will be profusely illustrated with photographs of wild birds from life. half the magazine will be devoted to articles dealing with the popular side of ornithology—habits, life-histories, exploration—from the pens of many of the leading Ornithologists of the coun- try. The series of portraits of promin- ent ornithologists will be continued, and there will be numerous short notes, as usual. Have you seen the January-February issue with the full-page portrait of the California Condor, painted by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and R. H. Beck’s remarkable picture of bird life among the Galapagos Islands? SUBSCRIPTION $1 PER YEAR. SAMPLE COPY 20 CENTS. Back numbers and odd volumes can be supplied. Issued bimonthly. Address, JOSEPH GRINNELL, Business Manager, Pasadena, California. Rae OO eee Methods in the Art of Taxidermy By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘Nests and @ Eggs of North American Birds’’ : 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had ‘> its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It © ‘> is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $ro. My price $2.50 post- «© @ paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K.Reed, Worcester,Mass. ¢ —©-¢ © © 6 © £¢ © © © More than - THE JOURNAL OF THE MAINE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Now in its Seventh Vol. Be sure and get the January Number so to get Mr. A. H. Norton’s article on ‘‘ The Finches of Maine.” In the April number will begin a series of papers on ‘‘ The Warb- lers to be found in Maine.”’ SUBSCRIPTION Fifty cents per annum. Fifteen cents per copy. Send stamp for sample copy. J. MERTON SWAIN, Business Manager, Fairfield, = Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and Maine. safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for toc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. Standard Operators Can Do C1) te 15%/, aAS’ More Work gi on the Williams than on any other Typewriter. HY q to Agents in unoccu- Special Price pied territory. Trial machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. LONDON, 104 Newgate St. 310 Broadway, NEW YORK, It’s the practical Sportsman armed with a “STEVENS”, who is insur- ing best possible preparations for a royal day’s sport, You take no chances when equipped with this sterling make. Hold the weapon right: STEVENS FIREARMS Always render a splendid account of themselves! : : : OUR LINE: RIFLES, PISTOLS, SHOTQUNS Ask your Dealer; there are no substitutes for our products. Insist on the STEVENS. Booklet, embracing principal models of our manufacture, mailed FREE on request. Make Bull’s-eyes with our RIFLE PUZZLE. Send 4 cents in stamps for this attractive and ingenious novelty. : 3 : : : : J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY, 237 MAIN STREET, CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. Wy “~ Gm 4% / yy, & G A ; 444,Y WSS WS Ny BREE N Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, 1901 SSDS ODD DDD ODD DODDOO SOD: IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE BEST RESULTS 1 maxinc BIRD PHOTOS YOU MUST USE THE CRAMER CROWN PLATES $ Which are especially adapted for this class of work, and are used exclusively by the publishers of AMERICAN ORNITH- OLOGY. X Full descriptive manual sent free to any address upon @ application, provided AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY is mentioned. — G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO., ST. LOUIS, MO. SDS DODO DODDDDDDIO OFFPIGCGHAS IN | New York, Chicago, San Francisco, 93 University Place. 39 State Street. 819 Market St eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceee BIRD DAY and ARBOR DAY HELPS BIRDS AND NATURE, one year.................6...-5..0 000s eens $1.50 Monthly ; 48 pages, 8x10 inches. A magazine devoted to nature, and illustrated by coior photography. It is the only periodical in the world which publishes pictures of birds, animals, insects, flowers, plants, etc., in natural colors. Eight full-page plates each month. “Certainly no periodical and probably no book, on birds ever fourd anything like such favor with the public as BIRDS AND NATURE.’’—Hvening Post, New York. 77 back numbers BIRDS AND NATURE and remaining numbers for 1904... 10 00 15 Single volumes BIRDS AND NaTurRE, $1.50 each, cloth full set......... 15 00 7 Double volumes BIRDS AND NATUR, {8.00 each, 1-2 morocco, full set.. 14 00 648 Color Plates from BIRDS AND NATURE, 2 cents each, full set........... 6 48 AMONG GREEN TREES, by Julia Ellen Rogers. 200 illustrations, photogravures amd half-tomes. 72. -- 223k. ee ee 3 00 “You have made not only the best tree book we have for the purpose of the nature lover, but the only tree book that approaches the tree in the right spirit.”’—Professor S. C. Schmuck- er, State Normal School, West Chester. Pa, If any of the above are ordered, we will send BIRDS AND NATURE free one year, 24 Forest Tree Plates, 9x12 inches, photogravures, showing trumlc tree, aud leafom acl plates aarti eee eae 1 00 ( BIRDS AND NATURE, 1 year and 24 Forest Tree Plates, SPECIAL OFFERS: J Only. ei ees Sele aie rk 2 00 * \ BIRDS AND NATURE, | year, and 100 color plates, our selection, Only nc 2 sel os cee eee eee 2 00 Send 10 cents for sample copy of BIRDS AND NATURE. Catalogue and List of Pictures sent free on request. Address, A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILLS. “A Complete Bird Dictionary.” =COLOR KEY NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF ORNITHOLOGY AND MAMMALOGY IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Author of ‘Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America,”’ *‘Bird-Life,’’: Etc. With Upward of 800 Drawings By CHESTER A. REED.B. S. Illustrating in Colors Nearly Every Species of North American Birds. This is a book for that great and rapidly growing class of Nabure- lovers who would ‘name the birds without a gun.’ In no other text-book has the prob- lem of identification been so simplified. There are no technical terms to learn, no Buaeline synopses to analyze;but having seen a bird you haye only to turn to that section of the book in which birds of its order and color are placed, look for its picture, and verify your selection by reading the statement of its diagnostic markings and geographic range. As a further aid to field identification, descriptions of the birds’ calls and songs are given. In short, the book is an illustrated dictionary of North American birds, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least possible difficulty. Each Order of birds is preceded by an introduction giving a general account of the habits of the families of birds included in it, a feature of the work which should make it especially useful to teachers. For students who desire to know how and why birds are classified, there is a Key to Orders and Families of North American Birds, with life-size drawings illustrating one or more characteristic species of every family, and a system- atic table, which includes the birds found north of Mexico. No other popular work treats of all the birds of this great area. The book is therefore equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic to the Pac- ific, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. za PRICE $2.50 — CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas Street, Worcester, Mass. Are You Prepared to Study the Birds? = BUY A GOOD FIELD GLASS. The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. Kes"Remember, yOu can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 The Glass and both ‘Booksiyo..00:. oy. anc d oe he cee oe oe ee 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. ROU ING Fag ER ITS OOOO O_O OO -©-© © . THE S.OiN-G) OG Thee I ‘BROWN THRUSH: © © . ON A TALKING MACHINE RECORD i % Was recently reproduced before the American Ornithologists’ Union « ‘ by Prof. S. D. Judd. 4 WITH A : ug Columbia Graphophone 3 You may take records of songs of birds in captivity. Write for our circular How to Make Records at Home. Sent free upon request. : COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY New York, 93 Chambers St. Chicago, 88 Wabash Ave, Beston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. SD -O=-OD— OO OH O—O_ H—_H—_O—O— © i$ O—-O O_O OO O_O O_O --O— , + Methods in the Art of Taxidermy M arine Shells By op ea ae and Curios 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells trom 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for oc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. qt UNDER THIS COVER } Is THE | e// Standard Operators Can Do /COVER | 5 1) ve More Work on the its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It Williams than on any other Typewriter. is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- e e © erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- ! Special Price enkertce Te Never, before has the Art of Taxidermy had i paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. machines sent to responsible patties. Chas. K.Reed, Worcester, Mass. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. 6 _6_6—«—_@- USES eS LONDON, 104 Newgate St, 310 Breadway, NEW YORK, N | o-° 4-2-6064 -2- 9-6-9 0-9 6-9-0 The popularity of an article is an unfailing test of its merif. Almost fifty years of ever increasing popularity and fame is the record of STEVENS FIREARMS per R RE REET SETTERS | Ee EP PH PT OPP PPP PP PPP iy VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVY THE UOLUNBI GRAPHOPHONE The Perfected Phonograph $4 to $100 Grand Opera at Home The Graphophone will reproduce for you the voice of your favorite art- ist, with all its beautiful modulations and all its wealth of tone color. Send for catalogue of records by the world’s great singers. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS Absolute perfection of sound reproduction. All the oee mes. valine and beauty of the original rendition. Seven inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. Ten inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen Grand Opera Records, $2 each. 25c COLUMBIA GOLD MOULDED CYLINDER RECORDS 25c Send for catalogue 7, containing vocal quartettes Eos, duets, solos, and selections for band, orchestra, cornet, banjo, flute, clarinet, etc., etc, Columbia Records Fit Any Make of Talking Machine For sale by dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH CO., Pio- neers and Leaders in the Talking Machine Art. GRAND PRIZE, PARIS, 1900. New York: 353 Broadway. Chicago: 88 Wabash Ave. Boston: 164 Tremont St. San Francisco: 125 Geary St. St Louis: 908 Olive St. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASBA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA eVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVYVVVVVe e RAN AAAAAAAA ne AAAAAAAAAAAA Are You Prepared to Study the Birds? = =e = BUY A GOOD FIELD GLASS. The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for SF NRL ay Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. Kes-Remember, you can have them ‘ree by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman..............$ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 MCR Suc Gab Otel OOK St ek eens, ci Se chenjn De wala LPM o dec oe ee 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. TH FE CO N DO R THE JOURNAL OF THE MAINE ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY A MAGAZINE OF pS eae as Now in its Seventh Vol. Be sure WESTERN ORNITHOLOGY. and get the January Number so to EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER. get Mr. A. H. Norton’s article on THE CONDOR is indispensable to every serious bird student. During 1904 THE CONDOR will ne profusely illustrated with photographs ees Sie eon of wild birds from life. More than a one ae. ue Pe pe eS half the magazine will be devoted to ST SO Hy ARES OR he ale articles dealing with the popular side lers to be found in Maine.”’ of ornithology—habits, life-histories, exploration—from the pens of many of the leading Ornithologists of the coun- try. Theseries of portraits of promin- | SUBSCRIPTION ent ornithologists will be continued, and there will be numerous _ short Fifty cents per annum. Fifteen notes, as usual. 4 4 a P Have you seen the January- February issue cents per copy. Send stamp for with the full-page portrait of the California sample copy. Condor, painted by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and Rk. H. Beck’s remarkable picture of bird life among the Galapagos Islands? SUBSCRIPTION $1 PER YEAR. ‘““ The Finches of Maine.” SAMPLE COPY 20 CENTS. J. MERTON SWAIN, Back numbers and odd volumes can be : supplied. Issued bimonthly. Address. Business Manager, JOSEPH GRINNELL, Business Manager, Pasadena, California. Fairfield, — Maine. We Want Ornithologists ’ to write for our free catalog. We teach Taxidermy in all its branches BY MAIL Complete course in 15 les- sons, at reasonable cost. Every bird-lover and na- turalist should be able to properly mount specimens. Are you interested? Your = name on a postal brings lit- erature. Write today. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY. 460 Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. JAMES P. BABBITT, Covers the entire field of — DEALER IN — “aii N Wh ! Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- Western Sports NWR mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Specialty. by land and sea WW TAUNTON, MASS. A Bargain Lists free upon application. MORTAL DED. RnarNts \ Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- Hunting and Shooting Fish and Fishing \ plies 2c. 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Size of book 10 x 7 inches. Royal 8vo, $3.50 “Mr. Hornaday is a practical man and he has written a practical book. The descriptions are clear and avoid over-technicality, while they are accompanied by readable accounts of animal traits and inzidents of wild life. Itis refreshing to have a book that is thoroughly dependable as regards fact and scientific in spirit, yet written with liveliness and freshness of manner.’’—7he Outlook. CHAS.-K. REED, WORCESTER) MASS: MIDSUMMER BARGAINS. ORNITHOLOGY. We baye a fine line of bird books, Ornithological and Oological Magazines and Pamphlets, all of which we offer at reduced prices. Send for complete list if you wish to purchase. MINERALOGY. Wehaye 200 kinds of Min- erals and Rocks, in small specimens at 4c. each, or in High School size for 10c. each. Full list free. Over 150 volumes on Geology and Paleontology, including the finest illustrated works obtainable, at low rates. BOTANY. A full line of Botany books will be offered very low. A new library just pur- chased. A collection of 900 mounted speci- pues of Marine Algea just being offered for Sa LONCHOLOGY. Our stock in this branch covers over a quarter of a million specimens from every part of the world. Almost every genera represented. Write for lists if you have or wish to form a collection. Some specially fine Polished Shells just received. CURIOS. Under this head we group a great variety of objects, such as Indian rel- ics, both ancient and modern, marine speci- mens both wet and dry, sponges, corals, sea beans, fossils, and hundreds of interesting objects which go to make up handsome and interesting CURIO CABINETS. Write for yiSts of anything you desire in Natural His- ory. Please bear in mind that our stock is ex- tensive, but that if we are out of what you want we will try to obtain it for you. Our fa- cilities are unequalled. Our new building is now in course of erection and rather than move all of our big stock, we will make spec- ially low offers to ‘liberal buyers. One to one hundred dollars now will buy you more speci- mens from us than it will next Fallor later. Write at once. ALTER F. WEBB 416 Grand Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. Do You Need a Few ? Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note books. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. I desire to send sample free to all interested. Address. GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. THE DOG FANCIER. ESTABLISHED 18or. A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION. The oldest, most popular and mest prosperous amateur kennel publication in America. Contains each month appropriate reading matter and illustrations of great value to every owner of a dog Advertisers get excellent results, and the rate- are very low. Covers the entire United States and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER. A sample copy will be sent free. Subscription price, joc a year. EUGENE GLASS, Publisher. Battle Creek, Mich. STAMP GOLLECTORS. A Beantiful Set Free of Cuban re- venues, for names of two stamp collectors and two cents for pos- tage. One mammoth package, which has given such universal satisfaction and repeated orders, contains, an Imperial album, il- lus. space for 3,500 stamps, a Cat- alogue pricing all stamps, 1000 hinges, 1oo different forn. stps and a millimetre scale, all for 50c. Our large price list free. Agts. wanted. TIFFIN STAMP CO., Tiffin, Ohio. Notice: All Lovers of Birds and Eggs will please send name and address to Dr. 8. D. Luther «& Son, Fayetteville, Ark. for in- sertion in our Ornithologists’ and Oologists’ Directory. 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Send 10 cents to the undersigned and you will receive for three months the oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur- ios, Relics, Natural History and American Historical Science, Mineral Discoveries, Pho- tography, Souvenir Post Cards, etc. THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEWS. Fifty cents entitles you toa year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es- tablished is 1895 and has the largest circula- tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world, and in size has norival. Rates small, results large. It will pay youto write us about it. Our motto: ~The best and lots of it.” Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher, Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. Send 5c. for membership card American Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem- bers all parts of the world. Try it. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The oldest Cheapest and most popu- ar “BIRD” PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, ERNEST H. SHORT, Editor and Manager Caml, M5 We WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. send for American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il and II], $1.00 each.. Special:—Vols. I, II, II] and subscription for 1904, $3.00. Wecan supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED—— VOL. IV : JULY, 1904. NO. 7. PRIZES FOR PHOTOGRAPHS. In order to stimulate interest in bird study and photography we will make the following awards to the ones sending in the best photographs in the three classes as stated. This contest will be conducted along the same lines as our former ones and will close October 1, 1904. Class I. Adult live wild birds.—For the best photograph in this class we offer an AlVista Camera valued at $20.00; ‘2nd,—a pair of field glasses valued at $5.00; 3rd,—choice of either Color Key to North American Birds or North American Birds Eggs. Class II. Young Birds. ‘This class includes photos of young birds in the nest or shortly after having left it. For the best and most charactristic photograph we will give a Graphophone valued at $20.00; 2nd,—a pair of field glasses valued at $5.00; 3rd,—choice of the Color Key or Egg Book. Class III. Nests and Eggs.—For the best photograph of nest and eggs in natural situation we will give a pair of field glasses valued at $5.00; 2nd,—the book of North American Birds Eggs. All pictures received in the competition, that are available for use in this magazine will be paid for at the rate of 50 cts. each: all others will be returned. Photo by R. H. Beebe. ADULT BLUEBIRDS AT NEST HOLE IN POST. 186 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS OF BIRD LIFE, By BERTON MERCER. In looking backward over past years and occurrences, the scenes and events of early childhood come up vividly before me, and my first ob- servations of the beautiful in nature, especially my first acquaintance with the more common birds around our home, are indelibly stamped on memory’s pages, and it is my purpose here to record some of the impressions and experiences of those early days. Among the birds which I first learned to know and love, the Robin stands pre-eminent. Well do I remember looking for them each re- turning spring, and with what delight I watched them coming across the lawn in search of earth worms, and the many good laughs we had when they almost stood on their tails in their endeavor to draw large worms from the ground. Another occupation which aroused dcep in- terest, was the collecting of dead grass and other material with which to build their nests; with what joy did we gaze upon the beautiful blue eggs in the nest, and later, the pleasure experienced in watching the parents feeding the little robins. Above all do I remember their sweet | songs at twilight and dawn during the early spring time. The Snow birds (Juncos) were also among my first formed friends. I saw more of these little birds during the winter season than any other species. We never failed to scatter a daily supply of bread crumbs, bits of meat, fat etc., around our porches and shed, during severe win- ter weather when a great portion of their regular food was covered with snow and ice, and derived great pleasure in watching them as they came in little flocks, eating their meal amid friendly nods and chirpings, aud leaving hundreds of tiny foot prints in the vicinity. Such dainty little fellows with their white vests, black coats and yellow bills. The Chipping Sparrows or “house chippies’’ as we called them, were another favorite and one closely connected with early recollections on account of their tameness and constant presence around our dwell- ine during the spring and summer. We fed and protected them and were rewarded by having one or more nests placed near by. And these little nests—what marvels they were—invariably made of fine roots and fibres and lined with horse hair, so smooth and round inside, all the work of their little beaks and feet, and the speckled eggs, how pretty they looked in these cups. Another little feathered friend who claims a prominent place in memory, is the well-known House Wren; in fact they seem like mem- bers of our family, returning each year about the same time and build- ing their nests in little boxes right at our doors. Their happy song was a source of constant pleasure and their winning little ways and AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 187 confidence endeared them to us. Another early formed acquaintance was the dearly loved Bluebird. On top of a tall grape arbor in our garden, we fastened a medium size paint keg, after making a hole in one end of suitable dimensions to admit of their going freely in and out. It was here that I saw my first Bluebirds, and they nested in the keg for several years, raising as a rule, two broods each season. I delighted to watch them carrying nesting material and to listen to their sweet warbling. As I became more accustomed to the birds around the house, and commenced to take little walks and trips to the adjacent woods and fields, I became acyuainted—one or two at a time—with other birds until then unknown to me. In this class may be mention- ed the Killdeer Plover. They were always shy and kept at a good distance, but I well remember how swiftly they ran across the plough- : Photo by R. H. Bebee. YOUNG BLUEBIRD. [Showing the spotted breast characteristic to young birds of this family. ] 188 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ed fields and meadows. On one occassion I discovered a set of their eggs in a field which was being prepared for corn. There was no nest, simply a hollow in the bare earth—and the four pear-shaped eggs were all standing on end, point upwards, which is a characteristic of this species. The Red-wing Blackbird also comes under this heading; they were always plentiful in a meadow near my home, and I delighted to watch them perch on the tall weed stalks, cat tails or tussocks and admired their bright crimson shoulder marks. ‘The first nest of a Red- wing which I found was a perfect and wonderful piece of workmanship, illustrating the skill with which these birds are able to weave, bind and twist the grass stems around their supports. In this instance the sup- ports were four very ta]l dock stalks growing closetogether. Between these, about two feet from the ground, and firmly fastened to each stalk, was a compact and pretty nest, made principally of dried stems and marsh grass. In the nest were four speckled eggs. I marked the situation and after the birds were done with their home for the season, I secured the nest and took it home for an object lesson. The Wood Thrush was also one of the birds with which I was on familiar terms. To see and hear them once, is to remember and love them always. Returning to us early in the spring, they were quite abundant throughout the season, confining themselves mainly to wood- lands and groves. There are few lovelier things in nature than the ves- per hymn of the Wocd Thrush. Time would fail us to speak of them in terms befitting their beauty and grace and the rich wildness of their notes. Their songs are the finest in early morning or the twilight, when they are clear and sweet, full and harmonious as an anthem. In the twilight of evening, when the day is done, And the landscape is tinted by the sinking sun; When shadows are gathering, and forests grow dim, The Wood Thrush pours forth her vesper hymn. Humming birds were also a source of delight and wonder, and we were frequently favored with visits from them owing to the large vari- ety of flowers in the yard. While I never was fortunate enough to dis- cover one of their nests, I was presented with two of them, one of which came from Pasadena, California.. This was a most beautiful cup saddled on a small limb, the lower end of the nest tapering off some- thing like a “horn of plenty.’’ The material used was like the down of a ripe cat tail, and was put together in a compact and symmetrical manner. One tiny egg came in this nest and was originally found with it. The other nest was entirely different in construction, being flat in shape, composed externally of lichens and moss, and lined with down. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 189 Photo by J. H. Miller. BLUEBIRD LEAVING NEST. Another bird which made a deep impression on my mind was the Great Horned Owl. Well do I recollect with what awe—yes, almost fear, I listened to their loud hooting in the night. They have long since left the haunts then occupied by them, owing to the cutting away of the timber land and the spread of population. I also have a clear recollection of the Screech Owl, especially the droll appearance of their faces and their large yellow eyes. Another bird which furnished much amusement was the common Blackbird, chiefly on account of their manner of “walking around;”’ they seemed so proud and consequential, and well aware of the fact that their black glossy coat was very pretty. An event of special interest was the day on which I first beheid a Cardinal Grosheak. It was a cold day in winter, there had been a heavy snow fall the night previous; the pine tree boughs were grace- fully drooping, the weeds and dead grasses resembled various forms of feather plumes. All of a sudden I heard a loud, clear whistle near the house and on looking out there sat a handsome Grosbeak in a rasp- berry bush. I delighted to spend much time in the orchards in the spring time, where I could hear the cooing of the Doves and watch the busy little Warblers among the apple blooms. 190 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. I also have a clear recollection of my first visits to the seaside and and the pleasure experienced on seeing the,many new birds to be met with there. The beautiful Gulls and Terns were plentiful, and their graceful fllight—ever and anon dipping their wings into the great waves, was noted and stored away in memory’s store-house. I remember spending many pleasant hours watching the little Sandpipers. How graceful they were, and with what dexterity they captured their food; how well they measured the distance which an in-coming breaker would reach, and how nimbly they chased after it on its return back to deep water, in the meantime gathering up many choice morsels which had been cast up on the beach; ever keeping a watchful eye on the next roller which was rapidly approaching. They ran very swiftly and usu- ally depended on this mode of escape, but should the wave come too swiftly for them, they rose a short distance in the air and would then alight out of the water’s reach. While feeding they continually uttered their pleasant ‘peep peep,’ and their pretty white and gray plumage presented a pleasing contrast against the deep green of the sea. I wish to add in closing, as a tribute to my mother, that she always accompanied me on my first little rambles beyond the home limit; many were the pleasant strolls we took, hand in hand, gathering flowers, list- ening to the happy songs of the birds and watching their ways. Her instruction and training in nature’s book, doubtless laid the foundation of my devotion to the study of these things in later years. Did she not teach me the names of the birds, call my attention to the gorgeous sunsets, to the Bow of Promise spanning the sky, to the squirrels and other little animals of the woods, to the rippling brook splashing over its pebbles and golden sands; did she not teach me to love and admire God’s creatures and not kill or destroy them? Happy days, never to be forgotten; little friendships, never broken. A O.U. No. 640. (Helminthophila bachmanii. ) RANGE. Southeastern United States, north on the Atlantic coast to Virginia and in the interior to Missouri where they are known to breed. DESCRIPTION. Length 4.5 in. Male.—fForehead, underparts and shoulders bright yellow. Back and wings greenish olive; hindneck and tail gray. Top of head and patch on the breast black. Outer tail feathers with white spots near their tips. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. gl The female differs only in being duller colored, and in having the black patch only faintly indicated or sometimes entirely lacking. HABITS. This sprightly little Warbler is one of the rarest of the family in America. Most of the specimens that have been taken were found on the Florida Keys. They have also been taken in Florida, South Caro- lina, Louisiana and Missouri. Their habits are very similar to those of the Blue-winged Warbler, they being found usually near the ground. Like all others of the genus, they are active and continually searching among the roots and lower branches for insects and occasionally darting out into the air after passing ones very much after the manner of many of the Flycatchers. BACHMAN WARBLERS. [Male and Female.] 192 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. esi NY Although the feathered tribe are not capable of uniting to produce the schervzo, the polonazse, the rhapsody, and the like, nor in the music ob- serve Pzanissimo and fortisstmo, the individual members of the “‘orches- tra’’ suggest a striking similarity with the various musical instruments and seek their nearest avian counterparts. VroLin.—The ethereal sweetness of the Wagnerian prelude and the paradisiac strain of the Hermit Thrush! ‘There is an awe-inspiring majesty, dignity and divine power in the former, coupled with a ravish- ing sensuous melody that produces the same desire to seek a secluded spot and ponder on lofty, soul-exhilarating subjects that the celestial Thrush hymn ever calls forth. We feel that the inspired songster is possessed of arcana celestia and revere him accordingly. CELLO.—The golden beauty of the cello and the molten melody of the Wood Thrush! If the Hermit is silvery, the Wood is certainly golden. His voice suggests a religiously-calm sunset, corresponding to the full, rich quality of the instrument. Vro_t.—We have no good representative of the bass viol among the the birds; the deep, rasping, ominous tone it produces can hardly be ex- pected from a diminutive bird-throat. So far as the rasping quality is concerned, the Grasshopper Sparrow’s insect-like note might well be its counterpart. Furthermore, the bird and the instrument both form back- grounds in their respectiye orchestras. Oso.—The restful beauty of the shepherd’s pipe in the ““New World Symphony’’ is characteristic of the pathetic but contented strain of the Wood Pewee, that heavenly, peaceful ‘““pe-a-wee, pe-ai’’ that lasts all day. Considering how often we hear the Pewee’s unhurried note, we certainly tire of it, after all other and better singers are out of favor; so with the constantly chanting obo. CLARINET.—The free, cheery, mellow quality of the clarinet intimate- ly suggests the wild, ringing music of the Louisiana Waterthrush. The clarinet is a pastoral instrument, but less dreamy—more animated— than the obo. If the obo tells of the gold-bathed meadows on a peace- ful June evening, the clarinet expresses the content and fervor that pervade the May woods; pastoral it is, but possessed of a woody flavor as well. ENGLISH HORN.—Just as the English horn combines the ennui of the obo and the peaceful joy of the clarinet, so the plaintive chant of the Field Sparrow fuses the languor of the Pewee and the rustic view of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 193 the Louisiana Waterthrush, but differs in introducing a new element, a strong suggestion of religious love. Bassoon.—The comic nasalizations of the bassoon and the ridiculous “twangs,’ of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. This bird seems subject to humours; one minute allis fun, and he dances about like a clown, the next his ill temper asserts itself and the harsh, grating sounds he pro- duces bruits this abroad. So with the volatile bassoon, a true instru- ment of mood. FLuTe.—The clear note of the flute finds among the birds an excel- lent representative in the pipings of the Baltimore Oriole in the tree- tops. PiccoLo.—If we consider the real purpose of this instrument,—to set off, give point and life to the dryly disposed score,—we will find it difficult to find an avian representative. Perhaps the feverish brilliancy of the Spotted Sandpiper’s whistle would answer best. *TROMBONE.—Surely the garrulous cries of the Crow suggest the noisy, pompous blasts of the trombone. They are similar in another respect, just as the crow breaks in with his lusty shout when we are in- tent on hearing a repetition of a distant song or the lisping of the War- blers, so the trombone, loud and coarsely triumphant breaks out on the tenderest melody. CoRNET.—The tenor screams of the Blue Jay and the shrill blasts of the cornet are similar as bird and instrument can be. The Jay is un- disputed 1st cornetist of the ‘““Birds’ Orchestra.”’ FRENCH Horn.—The uncouth monosyllables of the Chat finds a counterpart in the baleful notes of the French horn, but exceed that in- strument in variety of reach and kind of tone. Harp.—The mystical, silvery scales which the Veery performs inti- mately suggest the vibrant, uncertain strains of the harp. Tympani.—We have two very different, yet almost equally good tympanists among the birds, the Cuckoos and the Woodpeckers. Com- bine the full, round, pebbly notes which the Cuckoo drops from his throat, with the vigorous, but dull and muffled tattoo which the Wood- pecker beats, and an excellent imitation of the kettle drum’s roll is pro- duced. CymMBALS.—Perhaps the best substitution—though a poor one—for, the cymbals, which our bird orchestra can put forth is the Kingbird, whose harsh, jarring, jingling calls bear some resemblance to the ratt- ling antithesis the cymbals afford in the orchestra. And the Director of this motley crowd of minstrels? He is none other than the Almighty Creator, the Divine Impulse. 194 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 15 BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. A. O. U. No. 388. (Cooeyzus erythropthalmus. RANGE. North America east of the Rocky Mountains, breeding throughout the United States and in the southern parts of Canada. DESCRIPTION, Length about 12 in.; tail 6.5 in.; bill, both upper and lower mandibles, black; eyes brown and the naked skin about the eyes red. The entire upper parts are glossy metallic greenish olive and the under parts are white or grayish white. The outer tail feathers are narrowly tipped with white. As is the case with all the cuckoos, this species has two toes in front and two behind. NEST AND EGGS, The nesting habits of all the cuckoos are practically the same and the nests of the present species cannot be told from those of the yellow- billed variety. They are built in the woods or swamps and usually in thick underbrush. I have generally found them at elevations varying from three to five feet from the ground. The nests are among the most rude of any that attempt to construct them, being very loosely made of twigs and catkins and having practically no hollow to hold the eggs. They lay from three to six eggs having a much brighter bluish green color than those of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo and being smaller. HABITS One of the most familiar bird notes to be heard on a warm summer day is the ‘“‘ku-ook, ku-ook, kow, kow, kow”’ etc. of the Cuckoos. A deep, guttural, and mournful sound that cannot be mistaken for that of any other bird. The notes of the Yellow and the Black-billed varieties are very similar but can usually be distinguished from each other by one who is well acquainted with them, that of the present species being shorter and lower in tone. Both species of cuckoos have long been regarded by the ignorant as objects of ill omen and they also appear to be in ill favor with many of the small birds although it is doubtful if they do any harm to the latter in any respect. Eggs of cuckoos have been found in nests of other birds but it is only in exceptional cases for they are not parasites like the European Cuckoo, instead they appear te be quite affectionate to- ward each other and towards their young. Their flight is slow and apparently laborious, their short rounded wings making their tail appear longer and more cumbersome than it 196 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Photo by F. R. Miller. YOUNG CUCKOOS. |About one week old, showing characteristic pin feathery appearance.] Photo by F. R. Miller. YOUNG CUCKOOS. [Two weeks old| AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. iy) really is. They are one of the most silent of birds and enter or leave thickets or trees with neither rustling of wings or sound of voice. We look and see one solemnly szaring at us, wide eyed, and the next time we look he has gone with nothing to denote the direction or distance of his flitting. Early in May or, in New England, about the tenth we may look for the arrival of these weird birds and after a few days of courtship, during which period the male doa great deal of kow, kow- ing, they commence to build their nests. From their finished appear- ance, or rather their unfinished appearance, one would not think that this would be much of a task but it occupies the time of them both for several days. They are very slow and deliberate in all their motions and this probably accounts for the tardiness of their work. The top of the nest, it cannot be called the interior for it has none, is lined with catkins, but usually so shabbily arranged that the ends of the twigs stick up through the lining in all parts. They commence to lay about the middle of May in southern United States and not until about the first of June in the northern portions of their range. They commence to incubate as soon as the first egg is laid, and the others are deposit- ed at intervals of two days to sometimes a week apart, so that the first eggs are often hatched soon after the last one is laid. They are quite stupid in some respects and I have known them to continue laying, like the Flicker, when one egg was taken at a time, until, in one instance, eleven eggs were obtained from one nest. The eggs are a deep bluish green in color, much brighter than those of the Yellow-billed species, but the color of the egg shell fades greatly if exposed to the light. The young are attentively looked after by both parents and if the fe- male is accidently, or otherwise, killed the male will alone tend to the rearing of the family, thus showing a great difference between our cuckoos and those of Europe, which neither build their own nest, hatch their eggs nor look after the wants of their young, leaving these mat- ters to the mercies of some other bird the same as does our Cowbird. The adult birds leave the nest with the greatest reluctauce and will allow themselves to be nearly taken in hand before gliding off, to try and deceive the observer by feigning lameness, thus showing that they are bright in some respects. It is an odd sight to see these long birds sitting on so small a nest with their tail extending far in the rear and their whole head and neck extending in front of the structure. I have tried in vain to illustrate a sitting cuckoo with the camera, for while they will allow a very close approach before taking alarm, I have not yet found one which would return when I was prepared. The young cuckoos are objects of curiosity when first hatched, but when in a few days they become covered with a coating of stiff quills, 198 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. they are objects of amusement. The quills, when the bird is about eight days old commence to burst and allow the enclosed feather to unfold gradually enveloping them in a soft fluffy coat like that of their parents. They are fed largely upon green worms, and tent caterpillars, too, furnish a large part of their diet so that, far from being a creature of evil omen to mankind, they are one of the most beneficial of the birds. NEW BOOKS. THE AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY, by W. T. Hornaday, Di- rector of the New York Zoological Park and author of “‘Two Years in the Jungle’’ etc. Published by Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York; 450 pages; cloth; illustrated; $3.75. This new addition to nature libraries will take the place that has long been occupiedb y Wood’s Natural History as the most popular work on the subject. Its author has probably had more experience among the large game of many countries than has any other man in America and is exceptionally well qualified to write upon the subject. The work is interesting and accurate from cover to cover and the text is embel- lished with many drawings and photographs from live subjeets. Of course it is somewhat limited in scope as it is impossible to touch upon more than one or two individuals of each family in a single volume. Anyone who has not the means to have a complete library upon all the subjects of natural history will surely turn to this as the brook they want while those who already have extensive libraries will welcome this as a most valuable addition to their collection. WITH THE BIRDS IN MAINE, by Olive Thorne Miller. Pub- lished by Houghton, Mifflln& Company, Cambridge, Mass. 295 pages; cloth. $1.10 net. In its many chapters, this volume entertainingly treats of nearly all the more common and many of the rarer birds found within the pine tree state. We predict that this book will receive a warm welcome from all bird lovers as have all the previous books from the pen of this well known author. Besides being very interesting reading, the reader will have instilled into his mind many new facts, habits and fancies of bird life. WONDERLAND. (Descriptive of the Northwest) by Olin D. Wheeler. This annual production of the Northern Pacific Railway is even better this year than any of the previous numbers. Its descriptions are vivid and the illustrations from photographs are numerous and of an unusual quality. Its chapters include ‘‘The Haunts of Wild Game,” “The Lignite Coal Area of North Dakota,”’ ““The Yellowstone Park,’’ “‘Irri- gation in the Northwest” and ‘““The Travels of Lewis and Clark,” the latter in anticipation of the exposition that is to be held next year in commemoration of this advent. This handsome book containing 116 pages is sent to any address upon receipt of six cents to cover cost of mailing. Address, Chas. S. Fee, General Passenger and Ticket ‘Agent, St. Paul, Minn. a shade lee o's eee 2 0 ue ee ew + + 8 ee oe ee we ee tee % Des lonice POG OSS + 7? 199 7 ee eee ee wad N. 4 Ae Setenilens, areeethon * : aie al d ‘7 + Y ¥ ~ Oe <> . 4 “es, ¥ Y as ‘ 2 Keg Aaa hay RPS AY AWS [ee ee ay ve ter plumage. | in sea 1S.) a 4 fy 5 o) A nd) E oe ee eee eerae PY S i) WN) S eel NY ea = Re i) | Se S ie AC <3) = Rg te oes eareoeenee i Oi a ae ee a ae vee 7.0. Sc¢ 890.6 ee we ye 8 oe 8% . oP Sees ee awww es © SR 8 8 TS Say O's) Sb ese eee De a A ee wiser es Bo 6 6 3 y 200 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. SNOWFLAKE. A. O. U. No. 534. (Passerina nivalis). RANGE. Whole of northern hemisphere, breeding within the Arctic Circle and wintering irregularly south to northern United States and casually to the central portions. DESCRIPTION. Summer.—Entire head, neck, rump, underparts, secondaries and outer tail feathers white, the remainder of the plumage being black. The female differs but little from the male being slightly duller and with the head generally somewhat rusty. Winter.—All the black feathers, especially on the back, edged with rusty brown so as to nearly obscure the black; the tcp of head, neck and breast are also more or less strongly tinged with brownish. PRIBILOF SNOWFLAKE. A. 0. U. No. 534a. (Passerina nivalis townsendi.) RANGE. Birds of the preceding species which are found on the Aleutians and Pribilof Islands have been found to average slightly larger and to have a slightly longer bill and consequently have been made into the present subspecies. None of their habits differ from those of the better known variety. NEST AND EGGS. Snowflakes nest on the ground near the sea coast or tributaries there- of. They are found breeding abundantly on some of the islands in the Arctic Ocean and in Behring Sea. The nests are sunken in hollows in the moss which covers the ground in the localities where they are found in summer; it is made of dried grasses and fine fibres and 1s usually warmly lined with feathers. The nesting season is during June and July, and during this period they lay from three to five pale bluish white eggs which are blotched and specked with brown and lilac. HABITS. These Finches seem to be very aptly named for they are as restless and uncertain of appearance as the snowflakes that drift in with the cold AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 201 blasts of winter. They usually do not appear along the northern bor- ders of civilization until well along in November and are found in the northern tier of states at intervals during December, January and Feb- ruary. During exceptionally severe winters they are sometimes found as far south as Georgia and Kansas. Like the White-winged Crossbills, they are birds of very uncertain occurance and where they are common during one season not a single flock may be seen the next. They are met with on open side hills and meadows where they feed upon seeds of the numerous weeds whose heads penetrate the crust of the snow. While very restless and apt to take wing at any instant and without cause, they are not exceptionally timid and are usually not alarmed by the presence of mankind. Itisa beautiful sight to watch a large flock foraging upon .their snowy table, some of them swaying on the tops of the slender stalks while the ma- jority stand upon the snow, no whiter than their own coat, and reach all the seeds that their short stature will permit and then pull the head of the weed over toward them and gather in the rest. Ever and anon, apparently startled by a sudden gust or flurry of the light snow the whole flock will rise as if with one impulse and immediately settle down a few feet farther on. I have approached to within ten feet of a flock when busy gaining their apparently meagre fare without alarming them. They are usually silent while feeding but have a peculiar and distinctive whistle when on the wing. They rise very suddenly, fly ina compact body and change the course of their fligat very often and spas- modically as though they knew not whither they were going and as often as not they will return and alight at the very spot that they had just left. By the end of February, these flocks which number from a dozen in- dividuals to, sometimes, thousands commence to disappear from their winter quarters and but few bands of them are left in March. They migrate northward beyond the limit of trees and to islands in the Arctic Ocean, where, undisturbed by man they lay their eggs and rear their young. Snowflakes change their plumage twice during each year. During the fall moult the feathers are shed gradually and new ones grow to take their places but in the spring the change is by abrasion, that is the edges of the feathers wear away or fall off. If you examine aspecimen in the winter plumage you will see that the bases of all the back feathers are black and that only the tips are white or rusty, while those on the top and sides of head and breast have white bases and brownish tips. By the wearing away of these edges the entire head, neck and underparts become snowy white while the back and part of the wings AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 202 MCKAY SNOWFLAKE. KE plumage SNOWFLA i) al ummer [ AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 203 are jet black, thus making the appearance of the birds entirely different in summer from their winter plumage. Other examples of this in- teresting double change of dress may be seen among the Longspurs and in the Bobolink. In their northern summer home they are found in abundance, their snowy whiteness and black markings making them very attractive and conspicuous creatures; at this season their notes are varied from the twittering whistle to which we are accustomed and they have a pretty song, clear and sweet but not very strong. Their nests are built on the tundras common to the Arctic region being sunk in the moss which is found growing everywhere. Cee See SHOES oe eSS EEE SESS eKEE SOE DES ES ase tCeceresevetecoevevrvcetesevesseeaatpeess ot 4 oa es 6 5 6 8 ns ong do a se 6 be 5 co oo og cl A. O. U. No. 535. (Passerina hyperboreus.) RANGE. West coast of Alaska, known to breed only on Hall and St. Matthew Islands. HABITS. For a description of this beautiful species as found on Hall Island in Bering Sea we quote from Charles Keeler in Harriman Alaska Ex- pedition. “Upon climbing up the slopes from the shore we found ourselves up- on an Arctic tundra—a great rolling plateau of bog, with pools of water in every'hollow, and flowers growing in bewildering profusion. A bed of moss spread across the island from cliff to cliff, carpeting everything with its soft tones of gray, brown, purple and green—parts of it like velvet, soft and yielding to the tread and other parts spongy and soggy. The masses of flowers wove richly glowing patterns into the carpet, in purple, blue, yellow and white. It was fitting that this fairy garden in the midst of a stormy sea should be inhabited by one of the most chastely adorned of birds, the hyperborean Snowflake. Verily a snowflake this exquisite creature 1s, as it whirls through the misty glow of night among the wastes of flowers. Its plumage is as candid as the freshly opened lily. The spotless white shows more perfectly by contrast with the jetty bill and the blackness of the wing tips. At the edge of'its snowy tail are two ‘other black dots. It is sparrow transformed into a wraith of the snow. It is adorned with the ermine of kings, and a king it seems amid the realm of flowers. Its little mate has the back streaked with black and 204 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. more of the same on the wings and tail, but otherwise her plumage is white like that of her lord and master. Nor did the song of this Snowflake prove disappointing. It was a loud, sweet, flute-like warble, frequently uttered on the wing, and much resembles the notes of the Western Meadowlark, although rather higher, shrillerand shorter. We noticed the birds about the edge of the cliffs as well as upon the tun- dras, and their business in such exposed rocky places was explained when a nest was discovered placed far back in a crevice in the rocks upon the cliff wall. The nest was made of grasses and contained five rather light greenish eggs dotted with pale brown. Later in the even- ing another nest was found containing young birds which came to the edge of the hole to be fed. The abundance of the Arctic fox upon the island no doubt explains the unusual places in which the Snowflakes tuck away their homes.”’ 5 0 CHATS S WITH & OUR R YOUNG FRIENDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My DEAR YOUNG FOLKS: Since my last letter I have met a auabes of bzrd lovers. ‘There was Miss Gay, she ‘loved the dear little Humming birds which they have in California, such beauties’’ she had three of them on her hat! Next came Mr. Stone. He is a lover of quail (he prefers them on toast.) Johnny Heedless loves birds too. He took mother Owl and three small owlets from their home ina hollow tree, and they now beat their wings against the wires of a small cage in a vain struggle for freedom. Itis Johnny’s brother who maims and frightens all sorts of little brown birds, while raging war on English Sparrows with his air rifle. Another bird lover is Mrs. Early, helpless from rheumatism, whose hours of pain are shortened by enjoyment of the sweet notes of a Wood- thrush from the woods near by. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 205 Then we have asmall army, growing larger every year, who seeing the birds in their haunts and learning their home ways and songs, gain a real affection for the “‘little brothers of the air.’’ I do not need to ask to which class you belong. One of our little friends tells of the ground nest of a Chipping Spar- row. Have you found any in similar situations? A Field Sparrow slipped out of the grass as we climbed the hill one day, and revealed an arched nest of woven grasses, almost as cunningly hid as an Oven bird’s dome. One of the school children in Moline, Illinois, has sent an admirable account of “‘How we celebrated Bird Day’—giving evidence of the ex- cellent work being done in our schools on nature study lines. May the good times continue to spread. Cordially Your Friend, MrEG MERRYTHOUGHT. OUR LAST FLORIDA LETTER. Palm Beach, Fla. DEAR Jo: I wish you could have joined our picnic party in the sunny south yesterday. As we started out there were ever so many Boat-tailed Grackles strut- ting about the golf links, their glossy purple backs glistening in the sun- light, some of them looked so funny perched on top of the hydrants, craning their heads to catch the drops of water which dripped from the faucets, others stood with out stretched necks, and bills wide open on the ground beneath, not to lose their share. There were many ground doves too—not more than six or seven inches long—with pinky heads and brownish grey backs, trotting about with quick, short steps, many killdeer with two black bars across their white throats, and dozens of palm warblers. We took one of the charming jungle paths, hemmed in by tall ban- yans, live oaks, olive trees, with glossy leathery leaves, palms, ferns, and climbing vines. The rustling of leaves, the crackling branches and the sound of stealthy footsteps in the undergrowth gave us delightful little creepy chills of fear, for who knew when a bear or panther mzght spring out upon us. We took tight hold of one another’s hands, and cautiously peeped through the branches, and there we saw—what do you think? Three or four dear little Ovenbirds, walking about on the ground and scratching for their dinners among the leaves, and during the three mile walk we saw nothing more ferocious amid the darkening trees than our old friends Brer Rabbit, Robin and Catbird, and scores 206 AMERICAN ORNITIOLOGY. of Mocking birds and Cardinals. Florida Yellowthroats, like their northern namesakes, peered out through their black masks from the scrub palmettos. They are a deeper yellow beneath, have browner backs, and a wider mask. We sat under an immense banyan tree to eat our lunch. The dainty blue-gray Gnatcatchers, shaped like tiny Catbirds, flew fearlessly about us, their call note ‘ting, ting’? sounded like the twanging of your banjo, humming birds darted about, and a Red-bellied Woodpecker beat a tat- too on a branch over our heads, he had on a brilliant red cap, and a pretty black and white coat. What do you suppose we had for lunch, peanut sandwiches, pickles and cake? No indeed. We had sweet, juicy oranges just picked, some mandarins, grape fruit, and bananas, also fresh from the trees. Our drink was milk from a great cocoanut which had fallen into the path purposely for us. Weate its white meat, and used for napkins pieces of the tough fiber with which the base of each leaf of the cocoanut palm is wrapped. Jack picked up and tasted a ripe olive for a relish, and has puckered up his face at the mere men-. tion of olives since. On our way home we passed a grove of tall palms which seemed to bear a queer fruit. The branches were black with the turkey buzzards, which are so abundant here. They are very much like the vultures which we saw at Charleston, but seem a little larger and more graceful, and the skin of their heads is bright red. Here were thousands of these birds, with wide spread wings taking asunbath. They looked like giant bats. Onsome of the palm branches they stood in rows of six and seven, and often one more would try to join a long row, when the bough would bend with the added weight and “down would come rockaby baby and all.’’ At some sudden alarm there would be a loud swish of wings, and ris- ing in great black clouds the buzzards would float gracefully about for some minutes, then, presto, the waving green palm leaves would be- come waving lines of black. We leave for home to-morrow, so I shall soon see you again. Your Loving Sister, IRONS, GLEANINGS, With what dear and ravishing sweetness sang the plaintive thrush. I love to hear his delicate rich voice Chanting through all the glooming day, When loud amid the trees is dropping the big rain. And gray mists wrap the hills: For aye the sweeter his song is when the day is sad and dark. LONGFELLOW. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. : 207 ROLL OF HONOR. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. 1. James H. Chase, Logansport, Ind. J. Howard Binns, Adena, Ohio. Naomi E. Voris, Crawfordsville, Ind. Piss OS) KC) WHO ARE WE? (Continued from June. The names of these birds have more than one meaning, which is expressed in each clause.) 8 Young people go for fun, but I tend to my blue eggs. 9 Iam foolish so I look very blue. 10 What sticky paper is used for, but I can do that while on the wing. 11 I determine the speed of boats, but do not stay near the water. 12 All some people do when idle, like me for I am noisy. 13 When Willie is naughty, I can tell you what to do. 14 I am heard near the henhouse every morning, but I am as black as night. 15 What all people do while eating, I can do while flying swiftly. C. F. DICKINSON, Springport, Mich. HOUR GLASS. XXOXxX A color. XOX An animal. © A consonant. XOX + An insect. XXOXX What some people become. Centrals spell the name of a large bird. Wm. K. D. REynotps, Berkeley, Cal. NUMERICAL ENIGMA NO, 1, My 1-2-3 is an animal. My 3-2-6-7 is used in a sentence. My 1-2-7 is a fish. My 4-5-7 is something people do at an auction. My 4-5-6-7 is something we all love to hear. A shining 2-6-4 is what the sun is sometimes called. My whole is a fairly common bird whose name consists of seven let- ters. LERoy B. Nose, Little River, Conn. 208 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. NUMERIGAL ENIGMA NO, 2, I am composed of 20 letters. My 5-11-8-20 is a part of a bird. My 14-2-16-4 is a flower. My 1-9-10 is a small animal. My 10-18-8 is something to'drink. My 12-2- 15-6 is at the entrance of a room. My 3-19-17-1-7 is a kind of sword. My 5-14-11-8-12 is a kind of food. My 13-2-15-9-4 is a fowl. RuSSELL S. ADAMS, St. Johnsburg, Vt. THE CHIPPY’S NEST. While walking through an apple orchard that was used as a pasture, I was startled by a bird running from my feet. Upon investigating, I found a Chipping Sparrow’s nest containing three of her eggs and one Cowbird’s egg, in a cluster of clover, the nest touching the ground. I have found their nests in trees, vines. bushes and brush piles, but never heard of their building upon the ground before. FRANK SMITH, Grand Rapids, Michigan. EXIT, ENGLISH SPARROW, Last year and the year before it, our chicken yard used to be a feed- ing ground for the English Sparrow, but this year so far, I have not seen one, and I have seen nothing but Robins. STUART M. FutTuH, South Orange, N. J. ANSWERS TO JUNE PUZZLES, Enigma No. 1. Great Horned Owls. Enigma No. 2. Brown Thrasher. WHO ARE WE? I. @rane. 2: Robin! 3. Turkeys 4. Rail, 5. Guimeamo Killdeer. 7. Phoebe. QUERY. EAGLE. BIRDS DESCRIBED, 1. Crow. 2. Robin. “3. Owl. 4. Kingfisher. 5s) Catbingammon Bluebird. 7. Phoebe. 8. Baltimore Oriole. NATURE BOOKS ANY BOOK PUBLISHED, FREE AS A PREMIUM The Wood Folk Series, by William J. Long. Way of Wood Folks. Fascin- ating descriptions of animals and birds as seen at play in their homes. Square 12mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Wilderness Ways. A second volume of ‘‘Ways of Wood Folks.” Written in the same intensely interesting style that makes its predecessor so popular. 200 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Secrets of the Woods, with full-page pictures, illustrative initials, and head- pieces by Charles Copeland. Square 12mo. Cloth. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. School of the Woods, with 12 full-page pictures and 300 marginal sketches, illus- trative initials, and chapter decorations by Charles Copeland. Handsomely bound in cloth with a design stamped in full gold, gold tops. Square 12mo. $1.50. Given as a premium for 4 subscribers. Bird Portraits, by Ernest Seton-Thomp- son. Pictures of familiar birds by this distinguished artist, with descriptive text by Ralph Hoffman. Beautifully bound in cloth with a cover design in three col- ors, $1.50. Given as a premium for 5 subscribers. Mother Nature’s Children, by Allan Walter Gould. The love and care and mutual dependence of living things, from human beings down to the plants, set in an imaginative framework for children. With 200 illustrations. Square, 12mo. Cloth. 265 pages. $1.00. Given as a premium for 3 subscribers. Brooks and Brook Basin, by Alexis E. Prye. Every brook basin is regarded as a miniature world. The form of the book is a story adapted to the minds of children, in which Nature speaks for herself. With full-page illustrations. r2mo. Cloth. IIg pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Bird Homes, by A.R. Dugmore. With the nests and eggs of birds in natural col- ors, also a number of half-tone illustra- tions. Postpaid $2.00. Given as a premium for six new subscribers. The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _bril- liance of coloring. This is a “‘Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.’’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interes- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least doubt as to the idenfication of 2 bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. Postpaid,$2 Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Life, Popular edition in colors. 12 mo. cloth: $2.00 postpaid. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds by F. M. Chapman, representing roo Birds in their natural colors. Given as a premium for four subscribers. Birderaft, A Field Book of Two Hund- red Song, Game and Water Birds. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With Eighty Plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Small 4to $2.50 net. Postage toc. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird World, by J. H. Stickney and Ralph Hoffman. A charming bird book for young people. With ten full-page illustrations by Ernest Thompson-Seton, Square 12 mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75c. Given as a premium for three subscribers. Any of the above books will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Guide to Taxidermy NEW EDITION. Full of valuable information, with com- plete instructions how to prepare and mount BIRDS, ANIMALS and FISHES. Also a complete list of Ornithologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ supplies, valuable information for the amateur, recipes, etc. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. A POPULAR HANDBOOK OF THE Birds of United States AND CANADA. BY THOMAS NUTTALL. A new edition, complete in a single volume. The best and most popular book on the birds of the Northern and Eastern States. This book has hitherto been made only in two vol- umes, and the price has been $7.50 net. Initsnew and handier form, it should find aplace in every household. The illustrations of the birds faithfully rendered in colors (the most beautiful plates ofthe kind since Audubon)form an important feature. $3.00 post- paid. Secure only 8 new subscribers to A. O and GET IT FREE. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. STUDER’S Birds of North Ameiica Over eight hundred birds |, tinely Colored ONLY $18 by express prepaid. We have only a few copies at this price. This elegant book was published to sell at Forty Dollars. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. | Pt O—S >) <> <> o Methods in the Art of Taxidermy XS By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘Nests and Eggs of North American Birds*” © I 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. ; , . Ni © s RE : ytithd, {A / Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It O e OO—_ OOOO OOO OO 9 is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass. oe S S S —— HOO O—-H Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for oc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. UNDER THIS COVER Is THE = im Standard Operators Can Do a 15°/ | More Work on the Williams than on any other Typewriter. Special Price '9,Agents in uncccu: machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. LONDON, 104 Newgate St, 310 Breadway, NEW YORK, American Bird Magazine SPECIAL OFFER. Volumes I, 2, 3 and Subscription for 1904 FOR THREE DOLLARS. These FOUR VOLUMES will contain over 1400 pages of the most interesting and instructive bird literature, with nearly 1000 illustrations, many of them photographs of live wild birds. THE FOUR VOLUMES WILL BE SENT PREE- PAID FOR $3.00. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Insurance in force Jan. 1, 1904,-.-.. $100,902,399.00 Assets Jan. 1,190}, 23.249 248.36 Liabilities Jan: WetS04 - 21,064,170.00 $2,185,078.36 A. G. BULLOCK, President. HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary WORCESTER, MASS. Sump lmish aaa 19045 eee eae i “OVTDOOR LIFE P R A Sportsman's Magazine of the West? x» ONLY $1.00 A YEAR. ™% Full of the BREATH of the FIELDS. Get a set of our beautiful three-color GAME BIRD PICTURES. See us at our booth (space 34) Fish and Game Building, World’s Fair. Send 10 cents for sample copy to OUTDOOR LIFE PUBLISHING CO., Denver, Col. The Only Publication of its Kind in the World. { ( ITS NAME TELLS ITS CONTENTS ) aan ma trappers and traders. Subscription $1.00 per year. Sample copy 10 cents. Special trial subscription five months for only 25 cents. Hunter-Trader-Trapper and Bird Magazine each one year for $1.50. Hunter-Trader-Trapper, Gallipolis, Ohio. eer, - r- ere s>E©S0 OWO0 0 0 0 Oar A Journal of information for hunters, ) | The Young Idea Normal Clubbing List Offer First—Will send Popular Educator, Primary Education, and The Young Idea for $2.00 for the full year. Offer Second— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, the Young Idea and Birds and Nature for $2.25 for full year, with 20 Bird Plates Free. OFFER THIRD—Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and the Bird Magazine for $2.00 for the full year. Offer Fourth— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education and The Young Idea for $1.25. Offer Fifth— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and Four Track News for $1.60 for a full year. Offer Sixth— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and the SchoolArt Book for $2.00 for the full year. Young Idea and Pets and Animals $ .75 =a Re “Four Track News 75 4 %, ‘* Boys and Girls af) Success 1,10 * American Educator 1.25 s fi ** Pathfinder 1.10 Correspondence solicited. THE ALLEN COMPANY, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass. JAMES E. HUGHES, Manager. CAMERA WILL MAKE THE REVOLVING LENS In the AL-VISTA CAMERA swings irom side to side, taking in a scope of nearly 180 degrees; makes a panoramic picture which is true in perspective and without distortion. Makes Pictures Any Size You want them, either from film or the regular glass plates. Is adapted to out door, interior and portrait photography; really FIVE CAMERAS IN ONE AND FOR THE PRICE OF ONE Sold in ten different styles. CAN BE LOADED IN DAYLIGH® SOLD ON EASY PAYMENTS, SEND FOR CATALOGUE, PRICES AND DISCOUNTS MULTISCOPE & FILM CO. |JEFFERSON ST.- BURLINGTON, WIS. <>) FOR SUMMER READING The Nature Library HAS EXCEPTIONAL CHARM AND VALUE. S it a pleasant hour with Nature | you wish? Or would you con- firm a recollection of some point brought up during a recent outing, identify a species, or put your finger on some fugitive fact in Nature? These are but a few of the many uses the books have aside from thei: principal value as a complete guide to the study of American Natural History, and their attractiveness as entertaining reading. HE long out-door season will mean much more to you and to the little ones if these beauti- ful volumes are at hand for counsel and entertainment. All the year they keep the country in the home, and all that is best and most attrac- tive in Nature is ever before you. “As necessary as the dictionary, but far more interesting.” TEN SUPERB LARGE VOLUMES. 4,000 pages, 10'4 x 734 inches; 800 plates in full colors; 450 half-tone photographs; 1,500 other illustrations, and a general introduction by} John Burroughs. . You will incur no obligation and you will become informed about a most no- table work by sending to us the coupon opposite. &) COM INER E wish to submit an elabor- e g ee ea : i i your expense ate booklet, which will show 4 / the new hook: better than anything except g/let containing sample color the books themselves the beauty, (o) authoritativeness, and usefulness of plates, black the new edition of &/and white -half THE NATURE LIBRARY. /tones, specimen O/text pages, etc., of The Nature Lib- rary. Include also particulars of price and terms. Country Life PUBLISHERS The Worlds in America 34 Union Square, New York CS SSS aS oe THE TWO BEST BIRD BOOKS COLOR KEY TO North American Birds By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with 5 upward of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, cloth, $2.50. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every ae species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. ( CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. (SS SSD NIN oN 3 3 ; Nol. 4, No. 8. AUGUST, 1904. We a copy, $1 a year. Y F OG WS VWCDCOE SS Entered at the Post Office at Worcester. Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, 1901 nial ly lll ll ul hdl When you go to the WORLD’S FAIR be sure to visit OUR DISPLAY which is located in the PALACE OF LIBERAL bs a | = ARTS, at the intersection of Aisle G and Aisle 4 in Block 53, Es. = in the second aisle directly opposite the main entrance. = = You are cordially invited to inspect our display which is the = = y p p As Za ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- Fs —_ tion, and to make our exhibit your headquarters. a = =. = (Q.CRAMER DRY PLATE CO. ® = cB = ST. LOUIS, MO. = S = S DEPOTS IN. ————___________ & = ~—_— New York Chicago San Francisco = = 93 University Place. 39 State St. 819 Market St. == = OOO OPPO PO OPP POP PROVO WW VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV VV VV VV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVY THE COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONE The Perfected Phonograph $4 to $100 Grand Opera at Home The Graphophone will reproduce for you the voice of your favorite art- ist with all its beautiful modulations nd all its wealth of tone color. Send for catalogue of records by the world’s great singers. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS == Absolute perfection of sound reproduction. All the sweetness, eolamne and beauty of the original rendition. Seven inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. Ten inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen Grand Opera Records, $2 each. 25c COLUMBIA GOLD MOULDED CYLINDER RECORDS 25c Send for catalogue 7, containing vocal quartettes trios, duets, solos, and selections for band, orchestra, cornet, banjo, flute, clarinet, etc., ete, Columbia Records Fit Any Make of Talking Machine For sale by dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH CoO., Pio- neers and Leaders in the Talking Machine Art. GRAND PRIZE, PARIS, 1900. New York: 353 Broadway. Chicago: 88 Wabash Ave. Boston: 164 Tremont St. San Francisco: 125 Geary St. St Louis: 908 Olive St. MAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASEBA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASAAAA ASAAAAAAA | yl eVVVVVVTVVVVVVIVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVe e AAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA NATURE BOOKS ANY BOOK PUBLISHED, FREE AS A PREMIUM The Wood Folk Series, by William J. Long. Way of Wood Folks. Fascin- ating descriptions of animals and birds as seen at play in their homes. Square 12mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Wilderness Ways. A second volume of ‘‘Ways of Wood Folks.’’ Whitten in the same intensely interesting style that makes its predecessor so popular. 200 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Secrets of the Woods, with full page pictures, illustrative initials, and head- pieces by Charles Copeland. Square 12mo. Cloth. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. School of the Woods, with 12 full-page pictures and 300 marginal sketches, illus- trative initials, and chapter decorations by Charles Copeland. Handsomely bound in cloth with a design stamped in full gold, gold tops. Square 12mo. $1.50. Given as a premium for 4 subscribers. Bird Portraits, py Ernest Seton-Thomp- son. Pictures of familiar birds by this distinguished artist, with descriptive text by Ralph Hoffman. Beautifully bound in cloth with a cover design in three col- Ors, $1.50. Given as a premium for 5 subscribers. Mother Nature’s Children, by Allan Walter Gould. The love and care and mutual dependence of living things, from human beings down to the plants, set in an imaginative framework for children. With 200 illustrations. Square, 12mo. Cloth. 265 pages. $1.00. Given asa premium for 3 subscribers. Brooks and Brook Basin, by Alexis E. Frye. Every brook basin is regarded as a miniature world. The form of the book is a story adapted to the minds of children, in which Nature speaks forherself. With full-page illustrations. r2mo. Cloth. I1g pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Bird Homes, by A.R. Dugmore. With the nests and eggs of birds in natural col- ors, also a number of half-tone illustra- tions. Postpaid $2.00. Given as a premium for six new subscribers. The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _bril- liance of coloring. This is a ‘Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.”’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interes- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on ~ the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least doubt as to the idenfication of a bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. Postpaid,#2 Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Life, Popular edition in colors. 12 mo. cloth $2.00 postpaid. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds by F. M. Chapman, representing 1oo Birds in their natural colors. Given as a premium for four subscribers. Birdcraft, A Field Book of Two Hund- red Song, Game and Water Birds. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With Eighty Plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Small 4to $2.50 net. Postage toc. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird World, by J. H. Stickney and Ralph Hoffman. A charming bird book for young people. With ten full-page illustrations by Ernest Thompson-Seton, Square 12 mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75c Given asa premium for three subscribers. Any of the above books will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Guide to Taxidermy NEW EDITION. Full of valuable information, with com- plete instructions how to prepare and mount BIRDS, ANIMALS and FISHES. Also a complete list of Ornithotogists’, Oologists* and Taxidermists’ supplies, valuable information for the amateur, recipes, etc. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. A POPULAR HANDBOOK OF THE Birds of United States AND CANADA. BY THOMAS NUTTALL. A new edition, complete volume. The best and most popular book on the birds of the Northern and Eastern States. This book has hitherto been made only in two vol- umes, and the price has been $7.50 net. In itsnew and handier form, it should find aplace in every household. The illustrations of the birds faithfully rendered in colors (the most beautiful plates ofthe kind since Audubon)forman important feature. $3.00 post- paid. Secure only 8 new subscribers to A. O. and GET IT FREE. CHAS. K. REED, in a single Worcester, Mass. STUDER’S Birds of North America Over eight hundred birds , Finely Colored ONLY $18 by express prepaid. We have only afew copies at this price. This elegant book was published to sell at Forty Dollars. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. Methods in the Art of Taxidermy By Oliver Davie, Author of "Nests and Eggs of North American Birds’”’ 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. 2 Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed @ as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- @® erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. *” Chas. K.Reed, Worcester, Mass. ®& —$PO— CO) )>_ O_O —S == OOO—-D_ O_O ©o— Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for toc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. © © © © © UNDER THIS COVER om OUR 7 \FREE CATALOGUE +) WILL Standard Operators Can Do a|(WALEIAMS| ER | | iRAlse + THIS COVER 15 OF Williams than on any other Typewriter. Special Price '2,Azents in unoccu- machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. LONDON, 104 Newgate St. 310 Bri adway, NEW YORK, THE American Natural History By W. T. HORNADAY. Director of the New York Zoological Park; Author of ‘‘Two Years in the Jungle” A POPULAR BOOK. Sparkling in style, full of ancedotes, personal experiences and observa- tions. In scope and arrangement, scientific. In presentation, non-tech- nical. It is a book for the student, the teacher, and general reader. With 343 illustrations, picturing 375 animals, beside charts and maps. Size of book 10 x 7 inches. Royal 8vo, $3.50 *-Mr. Hornaday is a practical man and he has written a practical book. The descriptions are clear and avoid over-technicality, while they are accompanied by readable accounts of animal traits and incidents of wild life. Itis refreshing to have a book that is thoroughly dependable as regards fact and scientific in spirit, yet written with liveliness and freshness of manner..’’—The Outlook. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. We Want Ornithologists 7~ to write for our free catalog. We teach Taxidermy in all its branches BY MAIL. Complete course in 15 les- sons, at reasonable cost. Every bird-lover and na- turalist should be able to properly mount specimens. 2 =| Are you interested? Your name on a postal brings lit- erature. Write today. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY. 460 Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. JAMES P. BABBITT, Covers the entire field of — DEALER IN — { Ww Ss Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- Western Sports mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Speciaity. by land and sea TAUNTON, MASS. Bargain Lists free upon application. CIAO OME AAI SF IS A Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- Hunting end Shooting plies {Oc. Game Protection Golf Tennis Naturalist Supply Depot DEALERS IN Wate Supplies of all Kinds, Glass Eyes. 150 pages beastitelly Ulastrated. Clean, anther ant y P axtboritetive. published st Mounted Specimens a Specialty. Send roc for catalog 4 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cab 10 cents the copy SLOO the year FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO., “Sample Copies with pleasure Museum HYDE PARK, MASS. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by Cuas. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il and lll, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, Il, Ill and subscription for 1904, $3.00. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, £1.25. ——COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED—— VOL. IV AUGUST, 1904. NO. 8. PHOTO CONTEST CLOSES OCTOBER 1ST, Anyone can send in photographs of birds or nests and eggs for this contest. We make the following awards for the best and give 50 cts. each for all others that are available. Copyrighted pictures will be accepted and the copyright pretected. Class1. Adult live birds (wild),—I1st, a $20.00 Al Vista Camera; 2nd, a $5.00 pair of bird glasses; 3rd, Color Key to N. A. Birds. Class 2. Young Birds. Ist, a $20.00 Graphaphone; 2nd, pair of $5.00 field glasses; 3rd, Color Key to N. A. Birds. Class 3. Nests and Eggs,—lst, a $5.00 pair of Field Glasses; 2nd, “North American Birds Eggs.” It is with regret that we note that a well known sporting magazine, the official organ of the League of Am. Sportsmen, which purports to be devoted to game protection, should publish, and advertise on its cover, as a leading article, “A Night in a Pigeon Roost.’ This is the story of one of the most cold blooded slaughters of birds that has ever been in print, and while it is well known that such slaughters did take place years ago, and that as a result the Wild Pigeons are nearly ex- tinct today, the publishing of such facts today, as a story, without a word of comment will do incalculable harm among the younger gener- ation. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 209 A CHECK LIST AND HABITAT MAP. We have received for publication, many local bird lists from different sections of the country and also requests for lists from other sections. As arule we have avoided publishing such lists because of their localness and their lack of interest to our readers in all other parts of the country. We have complied the following list and map to cover the whole of the territory included in the North American bird lists. It is in a condensed form, but we think that it will be found very practical and that it will prove nearly, if not quite, as satisfactory as the usual check list of several hundred pages. The country is divided horizontally by the 20th, 30th, 40th ete. parallels into six sections, the United States, with the exception of southern Lower California, Texas and Florida, being contained in sections 2 and 3. It is divided vertically into three sections, the western one including the Pacific coast, the Rocky Mountains and Alaska; the middle section comprises the Mississippi Valley, the Great Plains, and the interior of Canada; the eastern section is Greenland, Labrador and the Atlantic States. These boundaries divide North America into 18 parts which can very readily be designated to show the range of any particular bird. As a further convenience, the ranges are given in three columns, the first being the western division, the middle one the central division and the last the eastern division. This tabulation shows at a glance just what birds are found in each of the three vertical divisions and the number found in these columns will serve to determine a bird’s range with accuracy and dispatch. Heavy face figures denote the bird’s breeding ranges while light face figures indicate that they are migratory in those sections. As an example take the first bird on the list, the Western Grebe. In the first or western column we find the figures 1-3-4 with the 3 and 4 in heavy face type. This indicates that. this bird breeds in northwestern United States and British Columbia and in winter migrates southwards through southwestern United States to Lower California and Mexico. It is also found in the second column as w3-4. This shows that its breeding range also extends eastward to Montana, the Dakotas, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. 210 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ARCTIC OCEAN S 6 = % ape Ag £7 Relville Et : SOE 2 e A. @ — A: SA8KarcnHeWwan 7 ca) 4 mes a > Eetemio cial sick A ween nBEQ (S N4ssinvaora : ~~ | A . aH “mani foha =- nm lao” ¢ | (] | 27 | 2 2. 130° 20° | Seater rg Q “San Bonedsete Si Karon Socorro | BIRD DISTRIBUTION MAP. (The List of N. A. Birds does not include those found in the shaded areas. | AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 211 CHECK LIST Of North American Birds and their Habitats. Arranged according to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check List. (The presence of brackets | \ indicates that the species occurs accidentally.) ORDER I PYGOPODES. DtIvine BIRDs. Family PODICIPID2. GREBEs. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. West. | “Middle East. 1 Western Grebe ........ -........- /Echmophorus occidentalis -- x 1-3-4) w 3-4 2 Holbeell Grebe -. Poweous holbeellii Edeae eae 1-4-5) 1-4-5) 1-4-5 3 Horned Grebe : ee Go rivba lousy eee eee ere | 1-3-4) 1-3-5 1-4-5 4 American Eared Grebe ... . rg nigricollis californicus eepe esse 4 w 1-3 5. Wee istt Caislore | 21 erecrececcntes “_ dominicus PACH YCLelus 2 os IN | I 6 Pied-billed Grebe...... -..... -... ..Podilymbus podiceps... coche ibe. S| 1-4 1-4 Family GAVIID, Loos. 7 Loon Seem -- Gavia imber Re pip eh eran ak Sete oes pula 1-3-5) 1-3-5{ 1-3-5 8 Yellow-billed Loon..... x PANO) 00 op Beer eee eee eee 5-6| 5-6} 9 Black-throated Loon 2 ANT OTNER) creecn | eepeacececzceccece miata 4-5 | 4-5) 10 Pacific Looon _. ......-. TOO Saree inn ctoeeee Pereace Eber \NVh Pea 5-6) 11 Red-throated Loon ...-.. “ LMM ee : ---- [W 2-5-6 5-6 2-5 Family ALCIDZ. AwtwkKs, MURRES. and PUFFINS. 12 Tufted Puffin .. Lunda cirrhata dt ge i iets sce sas 13 Puffin ee CAE .. Fratercula arctica sea Be eeazeoave shee e 3-4-5 13a Large-billed Puffin .. ae 3 naumanni - = 5 14 Horned Puffin -. dea eos “s corniculata pete ELS 15 Rhinoceros Auklet ...... ... ..Cerorhinca monocerata 16 Cassin Auklet . .... .. - Ptychoramphus aleuticus igh, bares 17 Paroquet Auklet ...............Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus- - 18 Crested Auklet. ....-.... ---.. Simorhynchus cristatellus- 19 Whiskered Auklet -.. .-........ pygmeus | 20 Least Auklet Ne ee ee ae i. pusillus eccasi; Bee 21 Ancient Murrelet - ....-- synthliboramphus antiquus ..... . | 23 Marbled Murrelet .. .....-.- Brac hyramphus marmoratus ..... ~ | wd 4 Kat tlitz Muarrelet, -:.2:-.:-12.2:- brevirostris . ...- - po elisZ 25 Xantus Murrelet ....... ........ ne HyPOleWCUs =-222-5-422---3 I 26 Craveri Murrelet ............-.. ae CLAVELI Cs eee i I 7 Black Guillemot, ------=:-2:--- (e epphus Sryllesere: toy ee e 3-4 28 Mandt Guillemot -.....-......... TIVAT Glige ee eee ek tease 6) 5 5 29 Pigeon Guillemot .... -........- a COMMADA eee ee w 2-5, 30 Murre essa eens ess Uria troile a eee Pater e 4-5 30a California Murre .....-.......-.- % californica. Nr Ere ph 5 ARE w 2-3-5) 31 Brunnich Murre -...- .-....-.. ©“ lomyvyia jah renters ee Kee bs | e 3-4-5 31a Pallas Murre Ae San ee fi arra Beenie $emeaee eceeetec ses w 5-6, 32 Razor-billed sae ee ee Alca torda Sai bn ree eee ema | e 3-4-5 33. Great Auk .. ............-.....-. Plautus impennis: Beet so ouansetiacestueecctes extinct 34 Dovekie ..... ..... eee PANT ev alll Gar ek etre trees. sos oee conus ate tect otonse e 3-4-5 ORDER II LONGIPENNES. LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. Family STERCORARIID.®. SKUAS AND JAEGERS. Des Koll ages tee ee EZ AICS EEESSSKILAN Giese eteeee=: Bee phe e 4-5 36 Pomarine Jaeger satay: Stercorarius POVMMAT AIS ee ease |w 1-5-6 5 e 2-5-6 Ol Parasitic JaClen © t22-225 2: parasiticus Epes ah Ws dO 5 e 1-5-6 38 Long-tailed Jaeger er eens Y longicaudus... ....-...- = a }w 1-5-6 5 e 1-5-6 Family LARIDZ. Guus and TERNS. 39 Ivory Gull . ee ee SACOM Ara Aga on Wie eee ee 4-5-6 4-5-6| 4. 5-6 4) Kittiwake .. ----+--+------- Rissa tridactyla- canes n 3-4-5 40a Pacific Kittiwake = pollicaris.....20-0-- ------- w 3-5 41 Red-legged Kittiwake ....... = brevirostris - EG! w 5-6 Ae GlancousiGully = so... Larus glaucus .... fo eee On eee 3-5-6 3-5-6) 3-5-6 42.1 Point Barrow Gull -....-.... barrovianus ~....-. uae St, w 5-6 43 Iceland Gull ... Bee eS TEM CODLELUS) 222 ee oes eee: n3-5 44 Glaucous-winged Gull ..... * glaucescens |. .-------- . .. |w 2-4-5 cy A onaeebrevan Gye Wi oe eee eee ye Ka TeW eo ee ee eee e4-5 46 Nelson Gull . 2S nelsoni Se ie a ee ee w 5-6 47 Great Black-backed Gull... “ marinus es Ree A ee 3-4-5 48 Slaty-backed Gull ace oS schistisagus peer nes w 5-6 a) Nivea (CeO eee eer “occidentalis 2 ape cect acess. || yh U4 [50)Siberian Gull ....-.......--. ae Enns Bee Ae res Ease dee Sil ever ee( Gal Ws jue aeee tyes aha AT SCM PAULUS eee ie aoe teen sae 1-4-5 1-n3-5| 1-n3-5 DIV CABG UIE iy eee sae ee ees me vege 5 a pl he based de areas w 3-5 5a) Cellixonianiey Grou: Sec GNNTOTHONOUG Veer ere ey) of ehine=pilled Gul ee ee do delawarensis. ......... ---..---------------| 1-4-5] 1-n 3-5] 1-4-5 Alle) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY A.O,U. No. Common Name. Scientitic Ae West. | Middle.| Hast ie Short-billed Gull...... . ....-.... a bre Ao Rhy Sea TAPE ee ea ee 2-4-5) [56] Mew Gull . BEPC cocci sn mse COLNLULS : SUisereers Grey eee DOSOSR: | 57 Heermann (Gull heermanni : 1-2-3), 58 Laughing Gull a BtInNiciIar kee 1-4 2-3 59 Franklin Gull. si franklinii.. 1-2-3 60 Bonaparte Gull ty philadelphia 1-5 1-3 {60.1] Little Gull .. CS) eT AMS a. 61 Ross Gull...... ........ Rhodostethia rosea -.. 5-6 5-6 62) Saibimek Gull wens Se ONMENIG SOD MMU ccseccee sen 5-6} 3-5-6 63 Gull- billed Boras Gelochelidon nilotica.. meee eects 1-2} e 1-2 64 Caspian Tern... Sterna, Ca spies Oey ee eens 1-4 1-3 65 Royal Tern ...... Aeon e Lad: bal) AN: Ween eet eons aS mec 1-2 1-2 ee Pleo RNG Menmeseceecese ccc cess ae elegans .. me r Gaboutern na tree = sandvicensis acuflavida .... ! 1-s2 7681 Trudeau Tern... y ET ULSAN eee ees 69 Forster Tern A forsteri . ~ 1-2 1-4 1-3 70 Common Tern q Renae: <3 hirundo 1-4 1-4 TAR” PNR NEV NO oseossssacnos ae, = paradisxa 3-5-6 5) 3-4-5 72 Roseate Tern ~ dougalli ......... SO eaate rag ey we e I-3 73 eee METS oe eo CURED in w weeetocennacn Ree eosea uses w5-6 ie IDCERDSR VINEE GY once, oocaeos ce Sees nt antillarum ... eee 1-2 1-3) I-s3 RO SOO ty Lene ere ee or PUIG IMOS Bees eecey ce acsdneen ees | ! [-s2 (76) Bridled’Tern ..... ee aneethetus......-. ee 77 Black Tern -Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis....!_ 1-3-4 1-3-4 1-3 [78] White-winged Black Tern.. leuc BOTUEE eee i 19 (NOGDQY sk See Ss ‘Anous stolidus... CIR SAR Re eee tace i I: 1-s2 Family RYNCHOPID(SE. SKIMMERS. SN) ABVEK OS SESW eM ETS o5 cass Saal RAO KS AKOVOS| TRI oe ooo ceeseroseceoe || | {-s2| t-s2 OrpbER II] TUBINARES. TuBE-NOSED SWIMMERS. Family DIOMEDEID.®, ATBATROSSES. SL Black-footed Albatross ... Diomedea nigripes.....-...-..-.----.-...--- sae w 1-5 82 Short-tailed Albatross........ Diomedea albatrus......... .... _ w 1-5 $2.1 Laysan Albatross , ~Diomedea immutabilis . .....- il [83] Yellow- -nosed Albatross Thalassogeron culminatus 3 8 Sooty Albatross ............ a PAAKOS OVALE TAUNTS aes So onseseoscoastess 1-3 Family PROCELLARIID.®. FuULMARS AND SHEARWATERS. [SD Geren Rall asec sees eee reece @ SSRN Sy 2 CAN UC Aion eaecnnsoeaceeeeeey ccemes | 86 Fulmar See ee eyed ulmarus glac ialis.... . oe RR RaRe eee e 3-5 S6b Pacific Fulmar ... elupisces Seneca w 2-5-6 S6e Rodgers Fulmar . ove Se NOGGETSIINe ee oe ee 5- 6) S7 Slender-billed F ulmar ..... Priocella elaci aloides ...-..- : w 1-3) 88 Cory Shearwater ...... Puftfinus borealis eae ee SS e3 so Greater Shearwater SOUR a MAJOR) © SR Reece eck een ee emcees e1-5 {90] Manx Shearwater.. aetes ” TOUU ATT, oer ae sr PAYVISEN (CO-GAcseeabebioans 4-5 4-5 4-5 go4b Black Gyrfalcon x =). 7 QOROIEWING Poet acanoadase | | | 3-5 350 Prairie Falcon.. ob tie Lidales-alGey OUDISIE weiss ae otce to seam arttan 1-3 w 1-3) 306 Duck Hawk........... . | peregrinus anatum 2-5 2-5 3-5 Sobaseale MalCOM) yj2-p eee see is Wealelea eer ceEe ree | w 3-5 Spy Ieikexeorol ISIE, anos an soeeoaae Falco columbarius......... in ane COB Ree i€ 2-3-5 2-3-5| 2-3-5 35/a Black Merlin................ earns eat SWICIIEN Moo aecosenoae w 3-5 | 308 Richardson Merlin......... = eC ISO ONS We Baoadonuonse nous w 1-4) (308. Te Mere ie eee coe zoe Bien eee PEEPLES ULUUSH ee eer LA Noone ence eee \9 Aplomado Falcon.......... “ fusco-coerulescens................ $2 I BOO AME Sie eee een rere een ee | WwibaualpbaveW WIS) Co oesscnesseosnanoager 60 American Sparrow Hawk. “ sparverius........................ 2-4 2-4 360a Desert Sparrow Hawk..... ae if phaloenay een. pose 1-4 218 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. 360b St. Lucas Sparrow Hawk... ~*~ peninsularis........ [361]Cuban Sparrow Hawk ... > Combo ONSoococosocscanoconbean 362 Audubon Caracara......... .Polyborus Cheri wayetc esoucL ea oree 363 Guadalupe Caracara........ INTHOSDUS socossgocoorasaoresace 364 American Osprey.........-. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis........ Family STRIGID2. Barn OwLs. 365 American Barn Owl........ SIAL (OMMAAUNGCONA sssso osdscascocooces us Family BUBONID®. HorNeEpD Ow ts, Erc. 366 American Long-eared Owl. Asio VVMUISOINENOWIS. ceo couessosccccvtssece 367 Short-eared Owleecee EXCCHO MUMMIES boccboccscecgocesseeds 368 Barred Owl..........-...---- SAAAMMONIM WRVONUNIN. 4 b650000ccsscccnaccsde 368a Florida Barred Owl........ ig % BINT ET eee es ene 368b Texan Barred Owl.......... sy 3 helveolum............ 369 Spotted Owl ................ ee occidentale......-.....-..5..-- 369a Northern Spotted Owl..... oe caurinum........ 370 Great Gray Owl ............ Scotiaptex INSINUOS coocscgcococscceuen (370a)Lapp Owl............-..... lapponica......... 371 Richardson Owl............N3 vyctala tengmalmi richardsoni....... 372 Saw-whet Owl....... ACACICARa A ene EE eee 372a Northwest Saw-w tet Ooi a re SCOURS ie marie ene 373 Screech Owl. Wit ae VINE SASCODSIASION Ve, Vale Pel ee 373a Florida Screech Owl ....... is THONG RUMI 56 coco odooaeue 373b Texas Screech Owl........-. es $e eID CEU Gace haere Nentiice 373c California Screech Owl..... Bs ear) OXS) OKO UD Ne) leer Mee ele een 373d Kennicott Screech Ow] .... sy VR@IMOANGCOUTM Go canccccoese 373e Rocky Mt’n Screech Owl.. se = mamwellleesiis yc cae eee 373f Mexican Screech Owl....... Fe i 1 CINCLACCUS ero terse 373g Aiken Screech Owl........-. a NAUK EMI gaa ce evesckntretck one 373h MacFarlane Screech Owl. Fe 2 TMASWVEINEN. 5+ ssecccces 373.1 Spotted Screech Owl ...... S LICH NOVOSMS) scoscccsccsssc0ececcs 373.2 Xantus Screech Owl........ es XAG US Ie a ee Ey ae eR na 374 Flammulated Screech Owl. N3 BOIMTMANEGIIG,. .occcnsaccgasoocesve 374a Dwarf Screech Owl ........ 2 idahoensis........ 379 Great Horned Owl......... JB3YOXO) WALASWOMEWOOIS oo ccccaccocccussocoeee 375a Western Horned Owl...... a te pallescens........... 375b Acrtic Horned Owl......... = =e ANXOCNOWSconcovobaccon 375c Dusky Horned Owl........ e i Saturatus............ 375d Pacific Horned Owl....... 2 3 DAcihiCuUStee eee 375e Dwarf Horned Owl......... = af: elachistus........... 376 Snowy Owl..............-.-- Nyctea IO AGREE enue moan soso neoMmomaedacs 7H Jala OMlescsoscoavcgsccous Surnia ulula Ber ytes oeiae Denra eye eae re 377a American Hawk Owl...... CAMATOC MA coosscaucossone 378 Burrowing Owl............. Speotyto cunic ularia hypogeea......... 378a Florida Bur rowing Owl.. floridana......... Sy) iPawemmy, Ovo coodgscoucsdcoocc -Glaucidium SIMONE) oo0cecnoegos0eccescer 379a California Pygmy Owl..... californicum...... 379.1 Hoskins Pygmy Owl...... = INOELGUMGEMN cs conanscoea srs 380 Ferruginous Pygmy Owl.. $8 phalenoides................ 381 Elf Onl ena Se aes Micropallas whitneyi................... WEI s2 I 1-5 Nw n 0 (ye) —W x ao p= i (ar) nm ve NN—bO PA UH-wWan PB WWHKENANHHWHYW Middle. | ! 1-4] ORDER PSITTACI. Parrots, Macaws, PAROQUETS, ETC. Family PSITTACID®. PARROTS AND PAROQUETS. 382 Carollna Paroquet......... Conurus carolinensis................... 382.1 Thick-billed Parrot........ Rbhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha......... ORDER COCCYGES. Cuckoos, ETc. Family CUCULID®. Cuckoos, ANnIs, ETc. [BSBA ccocasonoosbansceoocoonecs Crotophaga EDIE Re hea cies easel eMart 384 Groove-billed Ani.......... STILT O Spal SMe eee 385 vO AG UMM CIs eee Geococcyx californianus................ 386 Mangrove Cuckoo.......... Coccyzus minor BAe eee eee Coane Onn [386a } |Maynard OUCKOOsc-soc0ncs maynardi............. 387 Yellow-billed Cuckoo...... ie ENON OAK MWIS 635 odoaososooeues 387a California Cuckoo.......... is ee occidentalis..... 388 Black-billed Cuckoo. . is erythrophthalmus......... [388.1] Kamchatkan Cuckoo.....Cuculus canorus telephonus........... Family TROGONIDA. TRoGons. 389 Coppery-tailed Trogon.....Trogon ambiguus...................... | Family ALCEDINIDA. KINGFISHERS. 390 Belted Kingfisher.......... Cerylecaley Oning A5 oso Wena AG aera [391.1] Ringed Kingfisher Bete, S * TOLGWATAR Ae cee ee ee 391 Texas Kingfisher........... americana septentrionalis.... East. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ORDER PICI. WooDPECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC. Family PICID®. WoOoDPECKERS. A.O.U. No. Common Name. . Scientific Name. | West. | Middle. 392 Iyory-billed Woodpecker.Campephilus JO. DOUOPNINS. coos cesasocous H I 393 Hairy Woodpecker......... Dryobates villosus............-----.+--- 3 393a Northern Hairy W’dpeck’r ¥ a Jeucomelas........ 3| 4-5 393b Southern Aairy W’dpeck’r rf re ENG hbl ovoNautls 52 500s0- 1-2 393c Harris Woodpecker........ x # INAS Se 6 oeeseaul w 3-4) 393d Cabanis Woodpecmer...... a ay hyloscopus........ 398e R’ky Mt. Hairy W’dpeck’r ‘i * nO MANCOliP ssoswsss0 e 2-4 393f Q’n Charlotte W’dpeck’r... % = picoideus.......... 4 394 South’n Downy W’dpeck’r cd FOU OSNASNS s sbesescasccvocccec 1-2 394a Gairdner Woodpecker..... Ex i PaiVGMeriiese..---: w 3-4 394b Batchelder Woodpecker..- ci y HOMOLUSH eee necer e 2-4 304c Downy WoodpeckKer........ * se THE CHAM Seep eeer ee | 304d North’n Downy W’dpeck’r i ic HONGO Sadao cedooue 5 394e Willow Woodpeckevr........ Sa re [RUBEN ln 3 aseaceea cues w. Cal. 395 Red-cockaded W’dpeck’r.. a3 DOLEALIUS he ee eee ere {| -2 396 Texan Woodpecker,........ ie Sealaris bairdi.......:....-- 1-2; 396a Saint Lucas Woodpecker. - ‘3 = lweASanuiss-.--..--- {}) 397 Nuttall Woodpecker....... a TILBIH WUE a iia ab ononeo eect w 2-3 398 Arizona Woodpecker....... pS BIOIADINE SAS od ee gaew ad dogs se2 399 White-headed W’dpeck’r..Xenopicus FINDONAIA NADI ooo ecasoonosecc 284, 400 Arctic Three-toedW’dp’r..Picoides arcticus.......-..-----+-+--++-- n 3-5 n 3-5 401 Amer. Three-toed W’dp’r.. oe PNANAHKGRIOWISe55 saa ancenacoonn 3-4-5 40la Alask’n Three-toed W’dp,r Py Py; RAS CLAUUSeeee eae 4-5) 401b Alpine Three-toed W’dp’r. — ad ES Gorsaliseaeeeee ee. | e@ 2-4) 402 Yelluw-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus WENCMUIS) cas scoquacepmasgoena | 2-3-4 402a Red-naped Sapsucker...... a + MOK OEMNS on asen ese 2-3-4 403 Red-breasted Sapsucker... * TUDE E Aen ree nee ne 2-3 403a North’n Red-br’d Saps’r... * ¥ MNOtsenSiSese seer 3-4 404 Williamson Sapsucker..... oe 5 thyroideus........ 2-3 405 Pileated Woodpecker...... Ceophlceus pileatus.............-------- {-2 405a North’n Pileated W’dpr... oe ~ ADIEGIGOLA sakes es 2-4 3-5 406 Red-headed Woodpecker..Melanerpes erythrocephalus........... 2-4 407 Ant-eating Woodpecker... S FORMMLCUMOEUS hase ee de ee eer Bee 407a Californian Woodpecker... ; JOAMACHT, ve Socoode nc | w 3 | 407b Narrow.fronted W’dp’r.... 0 angustifrons.....| 1 408 Lewis Woodpecker.........4 Asyndesmus torquatus.......-.....---- 2-4 409 Red-bellied Woodpecker...Centurus carolinus.............-+------ e 2-3) 410 Golden-fronted W’dp’r..... ae ATPUCNROMSsqnqsadesoeolduoseee 1) 411 Gila Woodpecker........... CGenturus unopyeialis..-.--..--.--.----- ; Sez 412 Southern Flicker....-...... Colaptes auratus...........-.. Rea ee ceta| 2 4124 Northern Flicker..-.......-. i oe IDUATISE Season ceo ane | 5 2-5) 413 Red-shafted Flicker........ x Gaile COMMIS. sbosocosecadses 2-5 | 413a Northwestern Flicker..... ie ss SRN NUANO Io os esac soceus w 3-4 ae Gril terol UMMC to Sosa dbenasees a ChinySOldes=ss ae eee eee | ge2 414qa Brown Flicker..........-.-.- a 3: brunnescens...’......- i} 415 Guadalupe Flicker......... ¥ TmONATOMKAWISE 55 sons nese ban Se Sane I ORDER MACROCHIRES. GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, ETc. Family CAPRIMULGID.®. GOATSUCKERS. Bae 416 Chuck-will’s-widow........: Antrostomus carolinensis...........-- 417 Whip-poor-will............. a WOMANS as see opueemosaodocs e 2-4 4i7a Stephens Whip-poor-will.. a a macromystax..... 2 ATMO Ole Willeerece eee eriece Phalenoptilus nuttallil..............-. 2-4 w 2-3 418a Frosted Poor-will.........-. re nt TAVRFNO NS cocoon nons 2 418b Dusky Poor-will.........-. is gd californicus......| Ww 2-3 419 Merrill Parauque........... Nyctidromus albicollis renee; soo { AO) ISTEANE OR ocschooceas2ass0c0 Chordeiles virginianus..--......-...---- 4-5 e 2-4 490a Western Nighthawk....... - 4 javsianAVaseusese sc 2-4 490b Florida Nighthawk........ ie i chapmani..... $2 490c Sennett Nighthawk........ ee es sennetti......-.. w 2-4) 4291 Texan Nighthawk.......... -acutipennis texensis.....-.. 2 I Family MICROPODID#. Swirts. 499 Black Swift...........:------ Cypseloides niger borealis...........-. 1- 493 Chimney Swilft............-- @hreturaipelacicaesesse es. e- des Sioa e 2-4) ADA” Wein SMV nocoosgoegseoosore iy WDD -Olilno oe sehen SRS EO eee w 1-4 | 495 White-throated Swift...... Aeronautes melanoleucus..........-.-. 1-3 Family TROCILID®. Hummrne Birbs. 426 Rivoli Hummingbird...... Eugenes fulgens..........-.---+++++-++> se2 427 Blue-throated H’mingbird Celigena clemencie....... ACER BER se2 498 Ruby-throated H’mingbird Trochilus colubris..... Ras Sra 1-4 499 Black-chinned H’mingbird ~~ alexandri......- .. EC aayae 2-4 430 Costa Hummingbird.....-- Calypte coste..--... Re rate tice eee. 1-2 | 431 Anna Hummingbird....... PS AWOUNB os songoue RIS ese oes eee 2-3 [431.1] Floresi Hummingbird... Selasphorus floresii..........-.----++-: 432 Broad-tailed H’mingbird.. ma platycercus...... SBS aed ancl cha e 1-3 219 220 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A.O.U No. Common Name. Scientific Name. 433 Rufous Hummingbird... .. Selasphorus GULLS E ee ee teed cae sie 434 Allen Hummingbird....... All Griiey eee oe Me 435 Morcom Hummingbird....Atthis morcomi......................... 436 Calliope Hummingbird....Stellula calliope......................... 437 Lucifer Hummingbird..... Calothorax IW Ciiery- ee ee 438 Rieffer Hummingbird..... JNAOEVAUIIS) (AACA. socgccccbcacunausancces 439 Buff-bellied Hummingbird a cerviniventris chalconota.. 44) Xantus Hummingbird.. . Basilinna XAG UIST eee eee eee eee er 440. TS “eared H’ mingbird.. peo US PEO eR HEART Ine Sete oars ORDER PASSERES. PERCHING BIRDS. Family COTINGID®. Corttneas. [441.1] Nantus Becard.......... Platypsaris albiventris............... | West. Family TYRANNIDA®. Tyrant FLYCATCHERS. Weed Fork-tailed Flycatcher.. .. Muscivora UNARAIMINUIS soo couccssac 443 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. . forficata.. CULM AGS oN utOleaice eyo cbonbodousuee Tyrannus tyrannus...... 445 Gray Kingbird begets eae dominicensis :............... 446 Couch Kingbird............ ee melancholicus couchii....... 447 Arkansas Kingbird........ ee VeELGICaliSte teat eee eee ee Cassin Kingbird........... i VOGCITET AMIS tes ae eee nner 449 Derby Flycatcher. - Hessen Pitangus derbianus..................... [450]Giraud Flycatcher ie nay Myiozetetes similis superciliosus..... 451 Sulphur-bellied Flycate’erM yiodynastes luteiventris............. 452 Crested Flycatcher. ...... .Myiarchus CHINILWS poco Cee ee | 453 Mexican Crested F lyc’her. ee. WNT CAVMWIGs 0505000 a0ssnccn0ce 453a Arizona Crested Flyc’her. ag: magister. ore eee eh cic 454 Ash-throated Flycatcher.. oe GUMEWEISCEIMS)¢ ow 2-3 Nile DEMME PAV eras scien case ee Cy anocitta CIS N alos cagoeonopoudooobDEe i 477a Florida Blue Jay............ florincola.......... ! 478 Steller Jay..---.............. af SUCHIETIM PERM eeme ne osee steer: | w 2-5 478a Blue-fronted Jay............ a ce PROMIGA See ee w 1-2 478b Long-crested Jay............ a ei diademata......... ' e@2-3 nice Black-headed Jay........... ‘is Se annectens.......... e 3-4 478d Queen Charlotte Jay........ ms a GANAS eo ccscasnss w-4 4170) [MkoweiGle\ WARoecoanedonencoocse Aphelocoma GYANCAL re teen 480 Woodhouse Jay.. woodhouseii ............. 2-3 48),1 Blue-eared Jay.............. *e GYAN OWMSE Akos: meena ae 480.2 Texan ALIEN sae ote tore le at (Hope tieier saves aah ASM Calitonmardlayenesseessseess ie CallitornniGae eres ree w2-3 4foilay UO) DIE WYadacononcosoenobse oa oe hypoleuca... I 481b Belding Jay.................. Me a obscura...... ! 481.1 Santa Cruz Jay.......--..... cK MOSHI ICNS S355 oo onssenecdee w 2 ASP MANE Z OMAN Avan seen el Sieberli arizone,........ se2 twin (COW f Vehyeds snosoocosuondecds e i COUCH eee 483 Green Jay....................’anthoura luxuosa glaucescens....... AST Canagariaivercoacece see cess. Perisoreus canadensis.. Ie eee re ie 484a Rocky Mountain Jay....... CADITALISE eee ere e2-3 484p Alaskan Jay................. Fs i famiir OMS cousoc 5 484¢ Labrador Jay................ ca = nigricapillus... ASHMIOTESOMUAVn seco cse eee cele : OMOCOWUNS Goncconcsousouseane w 3-4 tebe (Gea ale lioaecac oe Meee moe eae Me SMISCUS MR sce snarl 3-4 486 American Raven. .......... ¢ WIVAUIS COME Kco ng scsouaagussccabeoas aga 1-4 486a Northern Raven............ Fy OMA CHORNNS 35 osencencacn 5 487 White-necked Raven....... 4 CISVOWMOUSWCWIS 5 saccocsbcasneaacon 2 488 American Crow Me AMERICANUS = 25-4 Core eee 1-3-5 488a Florida Crow... ............ ee i OMSCUWIS cconssdoous 489 Northwest Crow ee ¥ CAMITINUSE a eee oie w 3-4 4Gl) ISIGNoV Creo aoeppeoueEseBens ad OSSIPASUSH wes eer rcs isomer: 491 Clarke Nutcracker.........Nucifraga columbiana.................. 2-5 40y) 1PinaOIO! IIARVeo Fsceaonedeenons Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus........ 2-4 Family STURNIDA. StTARLINGS. ACB Shiels Ss son essoeocupeoupeed SUUPTDIS WOME: oon ococecnannoscooceone Family ICTERID#. BULACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC. HOARE, OO Olitnlkssey meee ely ya Dolichonyx oryzivorus..... See ee f ASO AC O WADING Eccot eek Secs vom MONOWORUIS) QUSP so asccusccosucosoccesaae 495a Dwarf Cowbird............. ODS CUNUSHeree eerie s2 496 Red-eyed Cowbird ........ CallOchrusEroObDUSTUSHee see eee eee eee 497 Yellow-headed Blackbird-Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus...... 2-4 498 Red-winged Blackbird.. .. Agelaius phoeniceus Se SGA E an Geen ae 498a Sonoran Red-wing......... sonoriensis ...... s2 498b Bahama Red-wing......... ie sr IOIWAVME = oo edancn co 498c Florida Red-wing..... .... oa ~ floridanus ........ } 498d Thick-billed Red-wlng.. = ua NOMS Sioeoobe dondos 498e San Diego Red-wing....... 5 o MEU NS peee eee nee 2-3-4 498f Northwestern Red- aes ie 7‘ (CENDUPTIONUIS 5 ccsodenos w 2-3-4 499 Bicolored Blackbird....... Ri gubernator californicus..... w 2-3 500 Tricolored Blackbird... ... i EGICOLOMYE AO ee ete tan cre metecet w 2-3 501 Meadowlark ................ Sturnella LOM NSA O VE eye mie back eite e ara fab ee 50la Mexican Meadowlark...... i NOODESIME stews $2 501b Western Meadowlark.. .... ~ . INEEAMACBhooanouosescuo5 2-3 50lc Florida Meadowlark.. - ie ra argutula BE A [502] MOA eee ete: , - licter WSPICLELUSt ee cen ae eon ata 503 Audubon Oriole............ ENOOIBN KOMI one So snecncenones 504 Scott Oriole................. m TOMIPISONUMAN oc osadaacoancooos $2 005 Hooded Oriole.............. eS cucullatus SEUNG Soa 505a Arizona Hooded Oriole.. re ii melSomines seas se. $2 506 Orchard Oriole.............. ay SHON cb San Sodne connor mm aene 507 Baltimore Oriole........... allio Miley eae teres 503 Bullock Oriole.............. a DuUlTOCKIES tec ress 1-s-4 509 Rusty Blackbird............ Scolecophagus CHIKONMINE s ccoasnasooouns 5 510 Brewer Blackbird.......... cyanocephalus.......... 1-4 511 Purple Grackle............. Quiscalus quis Gulla eeee ee eee dlla Florida Grackle............. AgTUS) oyaleneke ook 51lb Bronzed Grackle............ ef PNECUSRs ceccnr ewes 513 Boat-tailed Grackle........ Megaquiscalus major.................. 513a Great-tailed Grackle ...... macrourus ..... Family FRINGILLIDZ. FrIncues, SPARROWS, ETC 514 Evening Grosbeak..... ... Hesperiphona ViESDeLtINaseeese senses. e 3-5| 514a Western Evening Grosb’k. = montana. . Ww 2-4! 515 Pine Grosbeak.............. Pinocola enucleator IG@WKCWIA So cooacacnes 5l5a Rocky Mt. Pine Grosbeak. montana........... e 2-3 515b California Pine Grosbeak.. ee * calitornica......... w 2-3 515e Alaskan Pine Grosbeak... a ne alascemsis.......-. 3-5 615d Kadiak Pine Grosbeak.... y ee nATAONANDUI ss sodaccos 5 Middle. 2-4-5) Talat =O N= — ap SNANNAG Bw mn e€ 3-5 Zod Hast. 3-4 3-4-5 OD AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. West. ;| Middle. | Hast. [516] Cassin Bullfinch........... Jee ate), CASISMOM. 656 scucceccsdocnacooncs 517 Purple Finch........ Weteecaeraee -Carpodacus OWL NOUKEWIS oooh baasosccncce e 2-3-4] 2-3-4 517a California Purple Finch.. californicus . w 2-4 518 Cassin Purple Finch....... sf CASSUMIC rem unte mee cere 2-4 519 House Finch....... Giles Beas 2 mexicanus frontalis....... 2-3) 519b St. Lucas House Finch.....- a ruberrimus........ 1] 519¢ San Clemente House Finch os Sy, CIGMACMNAS co .cc0c008 w ! 520 Guadalupe House Finch... es TOMO UTS ronnie ian eee ene. w | 520.1 San Benito House Finch.. sf ON CZIRELOW la sscoacoscodcenooac | 521 American Crossbill........ Loxia curvirostra. WMUONOR sony seccasonas 5 9-3-5) 2-3-5 d2la Mexican Crossbill.......... stricklandi......... 1-3 522. White-winged Crossbill... Re leucoptenayi ase ie eee 3-4-5 3-4-5| 3-4-5 523 Aleutian Leucosticte...... -Leucosticte STiSeonuchae eee a nee een w 5 524 Gray-crowned Leucosticte (SIDIONROCOWIS: 5. 5522ncn0cac0c 2-3-4 3-4 524a Hepburn Leucosticte...... os ITE COMAMMS. 650000 3-4-5 925 Black Leucosticte........... rh Aimar baie eee se eetre ne aaa e3 526 Brown-capped Leucosticte s AUISTRALTS eee ay oon eae e 2-3 527 Greenland Redpoll.........£ A canthis hor nemannii SBS SUES ai ana mer e4-5 o2/a Hoary Redpoll.............. excl eS seeeeneen| | 3-5 3-5 Gro} RYOHO | ec anonandonsesudoss sty IMIDE > ooaecasenesseoanscoueases 3-5} 3-5 3-5 28a Holbcell Redpoll............ iM Joyo OGL. Csossoeacnceos 3-5 3-5 528b Greater Redpoll............ es OSTA CA tren eee n3-5 629. American Goldfinch.. OMe agalinus tristis SOC Men crane Oo | 2-3-4! 2-3-4 529a Western Goldfinch......... OAH occscecoar e 2-4 529b Willow Goldfinch........... ns Ms salicamans...... | Ww 2-3 530 Arkansas Goldfinch........ 2 WSaliiniatesee eee eee 2-3 530b Mexican Goldfinch......... o ahniexicantisey reer | | I 531 Lawrence Goldfinch........ ‘ x IGREMEEM 5 ooccoscsoncsseoosr | w 2 [532] Black-headed Goldfinch...Spinus nolatus..........................| ! i Hep) JPME SGU So kosascoeodeooe a ODTAUIS RS aa rece ene eo eee 2-n 3-5 2-n3-5'2 n 3-5 Gey! SIMO WME: 00 Gacoecacosc0cen PASSERINE, MIYVANNS. ;coccoccoasogoscodnnae | 3-4-5, 3-5 3-5 §34a Pribilof Snowflake......... os a townsendi........... 3. 585 McKay Snowflake.......... = LOW OS DOMEWS s scccnccdcoonvan | ws 536 Lapland Longspur......... Calcarius IEOIOOMOWISs 9 os006000s00000808 | 2-5 2-5 536a Alaskan Longspur......... alascensis........ | 3-5 037 Smith Longspur............ " WUCHUSraschcraa aa ee | 5388 Chestnut-collared Longs’r. 2B ORMAGUIS: -pevooeen aherae w 2-3-4 539 McCown Longspur......... Rhynchophanes mccownii............. | w 1-3-4) 540 Vesper Sparrow............ Pocecetes gramineus Bitters carats Ba cana ete | e 2-3-4 2-3-4 540a Western Vesper Sparrow.. QOMAMIS ss oooacans 2-4 w 2-3-4 540b Oregon Vesper Sparrow.. ae a ANON scccconcoas ' w 2-3 541 Ipsw ich Sparrow.....-..... -Passerculus IDVINCGOS so onncsconvasnceven e 2-4 542. Sandwich Sparr ONMNocaocense Sandwichensis.............. w 3-5 542a Savanna Sparrow, SNe eu etens i; a savanna....... 2-3-4| 2-3-4 542b West’n Savanna SDATEOW. ee a alaudinus..... 1-5 542c Bryant Marsh Sparrow.. UP ey IOIAZAWONG ea ncon w 2 543 Belding Marsh Sparrow... ee at belching ee eee aren coun w 2 544 Large-billed Sparrow...... ne rostratus a ihecasranckencie w 1-2 544a St. Lucas Sparrow......... a SUL CAUSE eee eee I 544b Lagoon Sparrow............ 7 loo, cone I 544c San Benito Sparrow........ e oe SAINCHOMOUIN Gs sso danc I 545 Baird Sparrow.............. Coturniculus lo Aalars CU eer ae ee w 2-3-4 546 Grasshopper Sparrow..... savannarum passerinus.. 2-3 2-3 546a West Grasshopper Sparrow Se * bimaculatus...... 2-3 546b Fla. Grasshopper Sparrow... ne a oridanus I 547 Henslow Sparrow .. ..... Ee henslowii .. ... e 2-3 2-3 547a Western Henslow Sparrow 7% He occidentalis w 2-3 548 Leconte Sparrow eee a leconteii “ Meieate rete 2-3-4) 1-s-2 549 Sharp-tailed Sparrow . .... -Ammodramus caudacutus e 2-3 549.1Nelson Sparrow nel Soule 2-3 s 2 549.1a Acadian Sharp-tailed Spar. ee subvirgatus e 2-3-4 500 Seaside Sparrow _—s_...... re maritimus e 2-3 500a Scott Seaside Sparrow ms = peninsulee 5.0b Texas Seaside Sparrow. : a sennetti el e2 550c Fisher Seaside Sparrow Be ye fisheri $2 550d MacGillivray Seaside Rar. oe 3 ene keguNaeu se2 501 Dusky Seaside Sparrow .. * nigrescens - : el 562 Lark Sparrow ....... -Chondestes grammacus es 2-4 552a Western Lark Sparrow .. strigatus ee 2-4 503 Harris Sparrow. ........ . Zonotrichia queria ae Pena 3-4 554 White-crowned Sea st leucophrys. 2-3-4 2-4 554a Gambel Sparrow _ ............ i gambeli 2-3-5 2-4 554b Nuttall Sparrow = ae ie nuttalli. .....| w 2-4 557 Golden-crowned Sparrow .- ty @OMOOMIE 2 ke w 2-5 558 White-throated Sparrow... “ Albi COllisy == eee 2n3-4'2n 3-4 009 Tree Sparrow == Spizellaymonticolam noes 2-4 2-4 559a Western Tree Sparrow ee - ie ochracea ..... ...:. 2-5 560 Chipping Sparrow.............. <> SOC AI Gsa ee rn eee i 2-4 2-4 60a Western Chipping Sparrow SE ue ARTZ, INO ig sees sags ae 2-5 561 Clay-colored SEO Ee gy eT AULT Charo ei ete eer 2-3-4 562 Brewer Sparrow... pen ees Fee OME WETS ee ae tte ot emer \ 2-4 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. gee) LRNTENOl SyOvRIHON, — sekeeeecees osnco STONASIUE) FO OISTUNAY sen cece osecerse: ceceeee sneer 563a Western Field Sparrow....- me MeCN al CC Ae eee eer ene ee 564 Worthen Sparrow — ....-- “ wortheni sees o Sees 569 Black-chinned Sparrow .. re PUNOEDUETESS ees eee Lae 466 White-winged Junco VOUNCO URC O aeceetetoncesoeses eS 8 ae 567 Slate-colored Junco hyemalis Ciel ete Tepe eM Ae sage) OQUeeeXora IWVOYEO) 2s eee oreganus .......-.-..- 567b Shutfeldt Junco et Ra) ay Shintelatia = eee 567c Thurber Junco poe if Sr thurberi 567d Point Pinos Junco ............ 2 op pinosus eee 567e Carolina Junco -.........-. th oe es carolinensis SO oIMilornizha) Aehao) <5 Geeoesceee montanus) ...... BAN 568 Pink sided Junco.......... ; IKEA HOS ia Hees nesnaa~seacens ue 569 Gray-headed Junco........ on GCATNIGED See een nee iy eae eee Sal) Aeiraovars) AfwNOXGO. 6oscccusaecs _ pheeonotus palliatus............ 570a Red-backed Junco......... a dorsalis eres Mk. IByainieGl diwaGO). 565 sbences00ees or DAU ii peers some ee eae 571.1Townsend Junco............ is THOWANREMNC, .ceaccassecsaoceeasane 572 Guadalupe Junco ..... 2 7 NOSIS) cacccesssebeccicss cee 573 Black-throated Sparrow-- -Amphispiza bilineata 573a Desert peatiows Bee ay eee a Be deserticola: 474 Bell Sparrow -. OL Gat 23 “4 belli eo 574a Sage Sparrow Pes re ele oe ey % nevadensis peeeaoeeth 574b Gray Sage Spar TO Woes ve EL CIINGT Clyro mee 575 Pine-wood Sparrow ....-... Peucszea estivalis SC SR 57a Bachman Sparrow Cae ig y bachmanii 576 Arizona Sparrow. ......------- yi [OXON Le SS) ee epee ene Per See 578 Cassin Sparrow S3 GAS SiMe es eae 579 Rufous-winged Sparrow Aimophila Gaby allis aeesesee rere 580 Rufous-crowned Sparrow ruficeps =Sgses tel oD 580a Boucard Bparrow .. ......... e SCOlE sa) = oer 580b Rock Sparrow ee = oe CIMINO NCE), ccscss 580c Laguna Sparrow _ ...---.--- = i sororia - ee 581 Song Spi PMCHOMY os 2 loca Soe Melospiza cinerea TATE LOC ees 58la Desert Song Sparrow - -...-- TES WING TE ea es aa ee ees 581b Mountain Song Sparrow... a u TAOUONMFANOVE), _ seaec enone d8le Heermann Song Sparrow. : ‘i heermanni ._.-. 581d Samuel Song Sparrow. ----. > ie samuelis —_..... 58le Rusty Song Sparrow phic! te "ae TOOOVOVOWMNE) esas eee 581f Sooty Song Sparrow .. Sy ee rufina eta anf 58lg Brown Song Sparrow ; Q ISTAVADIE EUS) ce coesecee = 581 Santa Barbara Song Spar. ce ; PTW OOIN OEY Leasses = Se0- 58liSan Clemente Song Spar. aa, rh clementze 581) Judd Song Sparrow _ . 4 i yukon fF 581k Merrill Song Sparrow a os 4 TOD@IPPPTMMN 5 Sos bse 581 1 Alameda Song Sparrow.. oF ee OWOISMUUNCUI TS ssn = 68lmSan Diego Song Sparr ow. P i COODELIne ee eee 581n Y akutat. Song Sparrow .. a “a GaUGN a) ee 58lo Kenai Song Sparrow ...- - ee a kenaiensis — -..----- 581.1Bischoff Song Spar row a Ef MOSHE = 9-5) cendosse 082 Aleutian Song Sparrow -. bes cinerea. Sis See a Ne Re 583 Lincoln Sparrow ee ies % It aVEXON NO Te eye hah Sere ce ENR ae 583a Forbush Sparrow ... _.. a % Sie Nee eee 584 Swamp Sparrow pareere © 7 georgiana. SHEN La eee 580 Fox Sparrow ad Bae Passerella iliaca. =o 2 585a Townsend Sparrow......... S eeumalaschensistee sees: 585b Thick-billed Sparrow....... i = megarhyncha........ 585c Slate-colured Sparrow..... ce e schistacea............ 585d Stephens Sparrow.......... a a stephensi............. 586 Texas Sparrow.............. Arremenops rufivirgata............... OS ML OWALNCC Se ntsc tee Sra tres weirs ones Pipilo erythrophthalmus 587a White-eyed Towhee........ va 58s) Arctic Wowhee: .-.-...----.- ~ maculatus arcticus............. o8sa Spurred Towhee............. e MN FSAOMYZC casasase 4588b Oregon Towhee.............. ti i oregonus........... 588c San Clemente Towhee...... 4 i clementz....,...... 588d San Diego Towhee........... i if AM AVCUIS estes racine d88e Mountain Towhee........... a a magnirostris...... 589 Guadalupe Towhee......... Se CONSODEINUSHeeee eeepc ent cence 091 Canon Towhee............... id fuscus mesoleucus.............. 591a Saint Lucas Towhee........ i albigula 591b California Towhee.......... i a crissalis 591c Anthony Towhee............ ax senicula.... 592 Abert Towhee............... Coreen) OSE ila ner a came aa te cee ee ae 592.1Green-tailed Towhee........ Oneospizarchlonunareeeeeceeereren saree: Rob Cenaculok liane cae sieeneeatcedas Cardinalis cardinalis Bees SS ee eee 593a Arizona Cardinal........... superbus......... | 593b Saint Lucas Cardinal....... ne ch igSMeWSeese oss. bes | 593c Gray-tailed Cardinal........ rs se canicaudus ...... 593d Florida Cardinal............ oe a floridanus........ 694 Arizona Pyrrhuloxia....... Pyrrhuloxia Solbien tase deamaee ea etaaes 594a Texas Pyrrhuloxia.......... ‘ tEXANAS ccc tesccn 223 West. | Middle. | East. e 1-3 1-3 w 1-3-4 se2 I-s2 e3 5 1-3-5) 1-3-5 w 3-4-5 3-4 2-3 1 e2 w 2-3-4 e 2-3 e 2-3 se2 se2 | nl el | $2 w 2 e 2-3 I [se2 I-s 2 1-2 i w 1-2 se2 Sw 2 se2 I I 2-3-4| 2-3-4 s2 e 2-3 w2 nw 2 w2-3-4 w 4-5 { w 2 Sw 2 e3 2-3 nw2 sw2 Wo ws ws ws 2-3-5 2-3-4) 2-3-4 w 3-4 e 2-3-4! 2-3-4 5 2-4-5| 2-4-5 wos w 3 e 2-3-4 sw2 ; e 2-3-4) 2-3-4 I- s-e 2 w 2-3-4 2-4) w 3-4 sw2 Sie w | ser w 2-3 sw 2 s 2 22 33h 2s3 283 se2 1 8 se2 224 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. West. | Middle.| East. ‘594b Saint Lucas Pyrrhuloxia... Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsule.. : I: 595 Rose-breasted Grosbeak. . .Zamelodia ludoviciana................. 1-3-4| 1-3-4 596 Black-headed Grosbeak.... melanocephala............. 1-2-3 597 Blue Grosbeak............. -..Guiraca ceerulea.............. eee e 283 2-3 597a Western Blue Grosbeak.... a NG WAD UIE here nem treet a ict 1-2-3 w 2-3 598 Indigo Bunting.............. Cyanospiza GCYAMEA Aaa eae se aaineeieee oe 1-2-3) 1-2-3 599 Lazuli Bunting.............. AMORA eee eon Cae ent 1-2-3 w 2-3 600 Varied Bunting............. st versicolor a aN Nie aac ate S w-2 I 600a Beautiful Bunting.......... a pulchra.. 6 ! 601 Painted Bunting............ eS CHIS ee a ai as cannree 1-2 1-2 602 Morellet Seed-eater......... Sporophila TOTCIIeH SO RORUA TOSCO: I 1603|Grassquit.................... Tiaris DICOLOR aaah on eee ean {603.11|Melodious Grassquit..... CANOE) coonenoseneocsndoucssaoonsoe 604 DICKGISSel teen Spiza americana..................-..... 1-2-3 2 605 Lark Bunting............... Calamospiza melanocorys............. w 1-2-4 Family TANAGRID4. TANAGERS. (6061Blue-headed Euphonia..... Euphonia elegantissima................ 607 Louisiana Tanager....... .. Piranga ludoviciana enn eidnod soooe yee s 1-2-4! 608 Scarlet Tanager............. eryuhromelasee:--ee-ecee ern: | 1-2-4) 1-2-4 609 Hepatic Tanager............ se Hep abicavens, oscar SWw2) 610 Summer Tanager........... os TUD EA eee 1-2 1-2 6§10a Cooper Tanager............. y Da SCOOWETINe hak Gemen chien 1-2 : Family HIRUNIDINID®. Swatriows. oll Purple Martineene-seee. cee PrOSNEYSUbISHs eee eae ee e 1-2-4! 1-24) 1-2-4 6lla Western Martin............. is ie HIESPETIAl A Zeek ee w 2-3 611,1Cuban Martin............... He LUCEY LOLCUCA a sacsse cae os I 612 Cliff Swallow...........-.... Petrochelidon lunifrons............... 1-2-5 1-2-5, 1-2-5 (612.1}Cuban Cliff Swallow...... of UVa eee eure mene 612.2Mexican Cliff Swallow...... ae melanogastra.......... Sw 2 613 Barn Swallow............... Hirundo erythrogastra................ 1-2-5 1-2-5) 1-2-5 614 Tree Swallow................ Iridoprocne bicolor..................... 1-3-5 1-3-5) 1-3-5 615 Violet-green Swallow....... Tachycineta thalassina lepida........ 1-2-4) 615a St. Lucas Swallow.......... - brachyptera.. I (615.1] Bahaman Swallow........ Callichelidon cyaneoviridis............ 616 Bank Swallow............... Riparian paride or dae ae 1 2-5 1-3-5) 1-3-5 617 Rough-winged Swallow....Stelgidopteryx serripennis............ 1-4 1-4 1-3 Family AMPELID&, WaAxwiInecs. 618 Bohemian Waxwing........Ampelis garrulus....................... 3-5 3-5 3-5 619 Cedar Waxwing............. GeGrOnWMre eee eee 1-2-4 1-2-4| 1-2-4 620 Phainopepla................. Phainopepla nitens..................... $2 Family LANID. SHRIKEs. 621 Northern Shrike............ amiuls borealisher aes see errr 2-4-5 3-4-5| 3-4-5 622 Loggerhead Shrike......... ludovicianus......-............. e 2-3} 2-s-3 622a White-rumped Shrike...... 7 excubitorides.... 2-4 w 2-4 622b California Shrike........... i xe gambeli........... wl-4 622c Anthony Shrike............. ee ie anthonyi.......... | sw2 Family VIREONID 45. VIRENS. 623 Black-whiskered Vireo..... Vireo calidris barbatulus.............. I 624 Red-eyed Vlireo............. OMI ACEUIS IE Rete hi eee oon w 1-2-4 1-2-4, 1-2-4 625 Yellow-green Vireo......... oe LUE WON A AKOUISE sem yaeeocwebonesbosuas I 626 Philadelphia Vireo.......... Ze philadelphicus................... e 1-3-4| 1-3-4 627 Warbling Vireo............. i Sail vaulsie a ee ees aa eee 1-2-4) 1-2-4 627a Western “Warbling Vireo... ~ Sack) SWAINSOMIc aes soe eer ce 1-2-4 628 Yellow-throated Vireo evans + Se UM AWAEROMSS scan eee aed eeeniae oe 1-2-4) 1-2-4 629 Blue-headed Vireo......... e SOlitamiwse hee aa as eet ase 1-2-4, 1-2-4 629a Cassin Vireo................ a a, CASSIMM A te Senco cee wl24 629b Plumbeous Vireo.......... 5 * Dilnmbeulshy sees cee e 2-3 629c Mountain Solitary Vireo.. “ te Ela ollel yas Bos Nene aes. | e2 629d St. Lucas Solitary Vireo.. “ oe IDCASENMAS ccoocsscesocoeos ! 630 Black-capped Vireo........ al BlorenCAVOUNNUIS 6o6cc0docncossbeeaenuc | |-sw-2 631 White-eyed Vireo.......... ag noveboracensis .................. 1-2-3) 1-2-3 63la Key West Vireo............ “i : IMMRIAVIMENRCI. os cocecaouoooe 631b Bermuda Vireo............ et se bermudianus............ el 631e Small White-eyed Vireo.. “ ie WMICRUSH NS ys naa ee ! 632 Hutton Vireo............... Bs WECOMIR LT eee cena w2 632a Stephens Vireo............. a x Stephentsitv sales s2 632c Anthony Vireo............. ee pe OOSCMAWSoocccousosccosoes w 2-3 G33 B elll Ware oss ee renee ae i [Oe RRA SAeems oma caia sagataenenaee 2-3 o33.lLeast Vireo.................. Ry DUST aes ice eee Seneca s2 634 Gray Vireo................-, oy VA CHIT OT HN. eh ane Ne oe s2 AAI E RICAN ORNITHOLOGY. T ria ah Wh bh ona Family CHREBIDA. Honry CREEPERS. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. 625 Bahama Honey Creeper...Ccereba bahamensis.................... Family MNIOTILTID2Z. Woop WARBLERS 636 Black and White Warbler. Mniotilta varia.......................... 637 Prothonotary Warbler....Protonotaria {CHONG Aye arse os re eee. 638 Swainson Warbler......... Jsl@linngie, SyyAMOASOMI, ~.o45sccen0srcecs ne 639 Worm-eating Warbler.....Helmitheros vermivorus............... 640 Bachman Warbler......... Helminthophila bachmanii............ 641 Blue-winged Warbler. .... LODO RAE Aceon e renee Seas 642 Golden-winged Warbler... re chrysoptera .........).. 643 Lucy Warbler............... = NU CHER aapamerccrn acne Cee 644 Virginia Warbler........... ve VAI OTIMVER ok cara eae 645 Nashville Warbler......... oe rubr icapilla A en a 645a Calaveras Warbler......... ye gutturalis.. 646 Orange-crowned Warbler. BY Celaitatneercnn cae sate 646a Lutescent Warbler......... : lutescens 646b Dusky Warbler............ : a sordida.. 647 Tennessee Warbler......... “e DSMESIMIMNE, Aso scoacacecsn 648 Parula Warbler............ Compsothlypis americana Sicha SAUER tae 648a Northern Parula Warbler. usne 649 Sennett Warbler........... ne INSU OMA Rare cen 650 Cape May Warbler......... Dendr OLGAALTEO MIM len ues 651 Olive Warbler.............. Olivaccaame te yeluen 652 Yellow Warbler............ iy CES GUM AU cree eee ee eto 652a Sonora Yellow Warbler... ae re SOMONMANEG.- danacanooe 652b Alaskan Yellow Warbler. a rubiginosa........... 653 Mangrove Warbler......... i bryanti castaneiceps...... 654 Black-th’ed Blue Warbler. re @ZEIMMOHCS MNS 5 caaccedooscae 654a Cairns Warbler............ e GCAUTING IE rater he ten 5 mare 65) Myrtle Warbler............ me COTOMALA Re seen. inte ee 656 Audubon Warbler......... < ANUGNWNOKOVM 3 544 eooodbanonoosae 656a Black-fronted Warbler.... ad a INUTSIMUKONGS ssceocens 657 Magnolia Warbler.......... aN, WMACUIIOSE, Son oncesscadease see 658 Cerulean Warbler.......... ay Coan Caer ee anne cee 659 Chestnut-sided Warbler... me JOSMSSVUVAIMNICA, 5555 50ccecncce 660 Bay-breasted Warbler..... 2 GCastaMeatermas peas che sone 661 Black-poll Warbler........ a SUT ENG AIS re orR ak Bo 662 Blackburnian Warbler..... ae blackburnie . 663 Yellow-throated Warbler. ee dominica Sie 663a Sycamore Warbler......... i albilora. Oot GralcenWrailet=nenne. soe enen B Smalley seen 665 Black-th’ed Gray Warbler. tp MUSES CEM See ae aes 666 Golden-cheeked Warbler.. ¢ GMAISOORIPE s scncassouceonor 667 Black-th’ed Green Warbler ei SV@IURE TOS pea vay eater a a ae t 668 Townsend Warbler........ by WOMANS NCH oo oS eeocboucotone 669 Hermit Warbler............ oe OCccldentalish se eee eee 670 Kirtland Warbler.......... a SUP TIAINCLINS oo caasoscuussba 671 Pine Warbler. oi BVA OUST ates yee ea tae oe 672, Palm Warbler.. i palmarum EE Ae TERIA te ROR 672a Yellow Palm Warbler “i hypochrysea.... 673 Prairie Warbler... Ey discolor sen etre eee 674 Oven-bird........ ..Seiurus BONA OMNIS 5 oorsoooadsneucasac 675 Water-Thrush.............. noveboracensis............. 675a Grinnell Water-Thrush... TOXOUEVOWUISS ose 5ccce 676 Louisiana Water-thrush.. + ma OLAa Cillayses wet se ela 677 Kentucky Warbler........ Geothlypis LOLMNO SA eae hha shorten 678 Connecticut Warbler...... ACM eee tim en eee ion eee ae 679 Mourning Warbler......... a philadelphia................ 680 Macgillivray Warbler..... ee GOMMMCTR Aer th Oe eee 681 Maryland Yellow-throat.. trichas Be Ren ae i vets cae 68la Western Yellow-throat... i occidentalis ....... 681b Florida Yellow-throat.... x? LOMO CANARIA nee. 681c Pacific Yellow-throat...... a sy aMZel eye none 681d Northern Yellow-throat.. = i brachidactyla..... 68le Salt Marsh Yellow-throat. si SHUMVIOSE) sos ccseceane 682 Belding Yellow-throat..... “i WE TCIM STN a A ae aire 682.1Rio Grande Yellow-throat. ie poliocephala LEP MAE Gace 683 Yellow-breasted Chat...... Icteria virens FAG OO OOOO Ae Ae 683a Long-tailed Chat............ longicauday ete sales 684 Hooded Warbler............ Wilsonia mitrata....................... 685 Wilson Warbler............ OUST ae sa reace: posts cies tate eae 685a Pileolated Warbler......... ~ OMIGOME). ocoocoo sodden 685b Golden Pileolated Warbler se GhinySeolan- epee naeree 686 Canadian Warbler.......... ay Canadensish) 2 se. 687 American Redstart......... Setophaga ruticilla..................... 688 Painted Redstart........... i TOO ee See eee ae se [689] Red-bellied Redstart....,.. = FOOWI OUST Pz ere a Res eee ie 690 Red-faced Warbler [691] Red Warbler................ {6921Brasher Warbler [693)Bell Warbler Cena acca West. Middle. 225 East. sl 1-2-4, 1-2-4 1-2-s-3 1-2 2 e 1-3 1-2-s-3 e 1-2 1-2 e 1-2-3 1-2-s 3 1-3 1-3 1-3-4) 1-3-4 1-3-5 2 1-n3-5}; 1-4-5 e-2 1-2 1-3-4 1-3-4 {! 1-4 1-n-3-4 1-2-5, 1-2-5 1-n-3-4 1-n 3-4 l-e 2 In oie 3-4 1n 3-4 1-n 3-4 1-2-3) 1-2-3 1-3-4 1-3-4 1n 3-4/1-n 3-4 1n 3-5}1-n 3-5 1n 3-4/1-n 3-4 1-2 1-2-s3 | 1-3-4) 1-3-4 e3 s 2 2-4 2-3 2-4 1 1-s 4-5 e 1-2-3 1-2-3 1-3 4| 1-3-4 1 n-3-4/1-n 3-4 w 1-3-5 1-2-s-3|1-2-s 3 1-2-s-3 1-2 e 1-4 1-4 1-n-3-4/1- n3-4 e2-s3 1-s2 1-2-4 1-3 1-2-s 3)1-2-s 3 1-2-s 3|1-2-s 3 1-4-5\1-n 3-5 1-n 3-4)1-n 3-4 1-3-5; 1-3-5 226 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY Family MOTACILLID®. Wacratrts. Re O,U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. | West. [694] White Wagtail.............. Motacilla E2yll] Of: Karak renter anne nee Mina a srr ot [695| Swinhoe Waetail SRC EN Bian OCWIlARIS vs) asec 696 Siberian Yellow Wagtail...Budytes flavus leucostriatus .......... ws 697 American Pipit............../ Anthus pensilvanicus.................. 1-4-5 [698|Meadow Pipit............ ans 85 OLEUEMEMS .ocnneoococsuecoscdaoes [699] Red-throated Pipit.......... ty CORVAINUIS Eee sere ne ey Aue ees TO). Sore IPO. Seosesoacocce he SDRAGUEME ere cope tela eee Family CINCLID4. DIppErs. 701 American Dipper........... CHIMCHWIS) TANESTICBIOINS, o oa scccoscaconossoccs | 1-5 | Family TROGLODYTID&. Wrens, THRASHERS, ETC. 702 Sage Thrasher............... Oroscoptes montanus.................. e 1-3 OBE eNO Calico; Clee eee Mimus polyglottos..................... 703a Western Mockingbird...... a ne leucopterus........ 22 TOL=a Caton diene ews ahaa eee ye Galeoscoptes carolinensis............. e4 705 Brown Thrasher............ Toxostoma) rutume eee eee eer eeeer 706 Sennett Thrasher........... longirostre sennetti...... 707 Curve-billed Thrasher..... e GUURVTTROSIGRA sos casccccaccoce se2 707a Palmer Thrasher........... te = palmeri...... se2 708 Bendire Thrasher........... 4 bemdinei ese eccs-eeocnie: se2 709 St. Lucas Thrasher......... et Cine Kew eeaaee ee s | 709a Mearns Thrasher............ bar i MEIN socdscooc n |! 710 California Thrasher........ ae TROGUAVI\VWUOM.. 5 coocuscccc0caae w 2 710a Pasadena Thrasher......... Toxostoma redivivum pasadenense..| Sw 2 711 Leconte Thrasher........... JECOnTEIR RR Sat acm eee cae sSw2 7lla Desert Thrasher............ a a aren Colapesseeeerr ni 712 Crissal Thrasher............ hg GRISSAINISE eae cer oer § 2 713} CACTUS WIRE Sse cccodcoscoaes Heleodytes brunneicapillus........... 713a Bryant Cactus Wren....... ie oe bryanti..| S w2 713b St. Lucas Cactus Wren..... ef i affinis.... I GD IROGE WWM, oo ascnondesonoose Salpinctes ObSOlEtUSHE sea ee ece 2-3 716 Guadalupe Rock Wren..... guadeloupemsis............. w |! 717 White-throated Wren...... Catherpes mexicanuS........,........-. Tage’, Ceyoora WY oss sconcscesnaac conspersus Sa e 2-3 717b Dotted Canon Wren........ a punctulatus.. w 1-2 (lsea Caro linaewieneeeeeeeeeer nee Thryothorus hidlesrienanis ROTA ala bowie 718a Florida Wren............... ¢ miamensis Cls\o Womavitte, WRENS. oes s5csSesoces is i lomitensis 719 Bewick Wren................ Thryomanes bewickii.................. AGAMA SORSWELenen ee eee nee Se 3S SHOWNADIS. oos5056 w 2-s3 (AG DEB aT OMWaceneee tee eee se 5 leucogaster.... 2 719¢ Texas Bewick Wren........ a os GIAVjOWUISs 6 ss5oce 719d Southwest Bewick Wren... = oe charienturus...| S w2 719e Northwest Bewick Wren... oy calophonus..... w 3 719.1San Clemente Wren......... oe NEWIOOIOINAYS Ss conobeccescose Sw 2 720 Guadalupe Wren............ ii brevicaudus............... w i (2s TOUS Wrent esate eee Troglodytes aedon...................... 71a Parkman Wren............. a SPOIL ACHGVIAIN sseendane w 2-4 721b Western House Wren...... 5 . Sena ZteGUSie sce e 2-3 722 Winter Wren.........5....0. Olbiorchilus hiemalis.................. 722a Western Winter Wren..... i i pacificus........ 2-5 722b Kadiak Winter Wren...... ys a HewWenri oscars hen ws 723) AVaskan Waren! .. 025.002. of BlASCENSISa see eee er eetee ws 723.1Aleutian Wren............... oy IM ESERUSH Meee eee ws 724 Short-billed Marsh Wren..Cistothorus stellaris ................... 725 Long-billed Marsh Wren...Telmatodytes palustris................ 725a Tule WARE Mere see nea ais x rd paludicola....| w 2-4 725b Worthington Marsh Wren. ou ze griseus........ 725¢ Interior Tule Wren......... oH is plesius........ 2-4 725.1Marian Marsh Wren. : € MIATA EE soc en sacs manne y CERTHID4, CREEPERS. 726 Brown Creeper.............. Certhia familiaris americana.......... 726a Mexican Creeper............ albescens........... se2 726b Rocky Mountain Creeper. . a ‘a montana.. e 2-5 726c California Creeper......... Certhia familari IS: ZCLOCES: vésenwion nao. w 2-5 726d Sierra Creeper ............ occidentalis........... w 3 Family PARID®, NvTHATCHES AND TITs. 727 White-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta CAROMMMNSMSIS. osc ccsseuocasonon0n: 727a Slender-billed Nuthatch ACHICATA Eee oe 1-4 727b Florida White-breasted — INWwthatChis- ee eereeeeee ~ eS atkinsi 727¢c Rocky Mountain Nuthatch °° ss nelsoni .. e 2-4 727d St. Lucas Nuthatch........ es 12 lagunee 728 Red-breasted Nuthatch... = CanadensiSi-eeneeree eee ee 3-4-5 729 Brown-headed Nuthatch. . a DUST ee Wea sorrento ae 730 Pygmy Nuthatch.......... i NONYCD OO Se nn omen ohana oa ck oleae 2-4 730a White-naped Nuthatch.. ri i leuconucha............ I 731 Tufted Titmouse........... Beeolophus bicolor Sis SUMS eiC lO ere 73la Texan Tufted Titmouse.. texemsiS .2.. 6.00.0... Middle.| East. 1-4-5| 1-4- w 1-3-4 w 1-5 | 1-2-s 3 1-2 w 2 1-2-4) 1-2-4 1-2-4| 1-2-3 I ! i w 2-3 I 2-s-3 | i] 2-s 3 2 Sw 2 e 1-3 1-3 w 2-3 2-3-49 n 3-4 2-4 2-3 2-4 2-3 e2 1 2n 3-5/2 n3-5 2-3 2-3 [se2 3-4-5] 3-4-5 e2 2 2 I AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A.O.U. No. Common Name. Scientific Name. 732 Black-crested Titmouse...Bseolophus atricristatus .............. 733 Plain Titmouse............. ee TOO PMEN AISI 3502 coce coco D0 0D5 20006 733a Gray Titmouse............. i OP WSMISCUS( 5 os5.ci00 omens 733b Ashy Titmouse............ a vt cineraceus............. 734 Bridled Titmouse.......... SL WOllWeberi@e te. cascircseo coy Chickadee eteasseenes: ses. Parus atricapillus SP orelaar ats AME HS HO Ae 735a Long-tailed Chickadee.... septentrionalis........ 735b Oregon Chickadee......... oe oat occidentalis ........... 736 Carolina Chickadee........ oe CHHOMVACINSHIS, 550505 5n000000500008 736a Plumbeous Chickadee..... A USAIN S She: Barer ree ter. 737 Mexican Chickadee........ e SClabenizes io -omeimn cate eames. 738 Mountain Chickadee....... rs Sam Shins | passe Rep ae 739 Alaskan Chickadee......... a cinctus alascensis.............. 740 Hudsonian Chickadee..... JTGTGISOLOUIOWISS o55055550550000 30000" 740a Kowak Chickadee......... ee SCONE Vii tonne ee 740b Columbian Chickadee..... = es columbianus.......... 741 Chestnut backed Ch’kadee tf THUNOSCOMG oo 2cosss5cKsoeroccneene 741a California Chickadee...... $3 negleetws)....52..2..... 741b Barlow Chickadee......... NaS a Dallow lees eee eee 742 Coast. Wren-Tit............ Chamea fasciata Pee eee reach Cy Ae Nats 742a Pallid Wren-Tit............ 10) Oe a aan anomcn nme dee ASPB USh=Dsite np saer eenee ene Psaltriparus MANIMTIAMOIS. se se cocacce Eo 743a California Bush-Tit....... a californicus .. 743b Grinda Bush-Tit........... 5 ee erinde...... 744 Lead-colored Bush-tit...... os plumbeus......... 744.1Santa Rita Bush-Tit... . Psaltriparus santarite 745 Lloyd Bush-tit..... oxic ARTE. (46 Werdim. 9.252252. : -Auriparus MawiCeDShzn eee notes 746a Baird Verdin............... is lamprocephalus . Family SYLVIID4. WaARBLERS, KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS. 747 Kennicott Willow WarblerPhyllopseustes borealis................ 748 Golden-crowned Kinglet.. Regulus satrapa......................--. 748a Western Golden-crowned GIN VE tat eis ero saee we oe Olivaceus ..... Sane aet 749 Ruby-crowned Kinglet.... “ calendulayeeeeeeeee enn ne 749a Sitkan Kinglet............. SrimmM Cll easy ya sas oe ee 750 Dusky Kinglet............. - obscurus Bn (ores BA de Ss 751 Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.... Polioptila CTW Cae a ee ee to cose ters 75la Western Gnatcatcher...... ODSCUWLA REE eee Maier nuit 752 Plumbeous. Gnatcatcher.. Ee JODO OE ee He bien enc ac emcee Paes fos Black-tailedi\Gnatcatcher. Galiformica().1./0.))..4111.4.. Family TURDIDAl. . THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, STONECHATS, 754 Townsend Solitaire........ Myadestes townsendii.................. 755 Wood Thrush............... Hylocichla MNUISTC IMA SNe otek sens 756 Wilson Thrush............. MUISCESCOMS pogsooscssdccunonsacce 756a Willow Thrush............. = SHUNCICOMA 5 5 ¢5cébesecece 757 Gray-cheeked Thrush..... Ni ETM L KOI eels ane Nee ton lar ar reas ate 757a Bicknell Thrush........... a * DICK elit pee. 758 Russet-backed Thrush ... fe WISIN) ; oop oco cee na0os5dc00s0C 758a Olive-backed Thrush...... z swainsonil............. -758b Monterey Thrush.......... ie SS (CEOCiCAS eee: 768c Alma Thrush............... mG oS ULITAISO Ws arse ere cee 759 Alaska Hermit Thrush.... ah SUULCALA Se ae me aEL on enee 759a Audubon Hermit Thrush. +: a BIDGIO NON. so5u-e enue 759b Hermit Thrush............ es 4 JOULE NCI Sethe ee 759c Dwarf Hermit Thrush..... oe i TAM Dees heer eae [760] Red-winged Thrush....... Tundussiliacustee ss ee sceeae eg cecekae 761 American Robin........... Merula migratoria Ms dends Sty moan ee: Ayan er 76la Western Robin............. propinqua Serpe pc TON 761b Southern Robin............ e = EXO ONAUISIKENE) scocceconee- 762 St. Lucas Robin............ Se (COLMOLONIC: Uneoerls Gneae ey oreeneaate 763 Varied Thrush............. Ixoreus LORRY HUIS crates a ei ert eae oe een Se 763a Pale Varied Thrush....... y meruloides............ [764] Red-spotted Bluethroat...Cyanecula suecica.....................-. WOom Wihheatear oo. eed Saxicola CSIMENMCINS son coacessc0050540008 765a Greenland Wheatear...... leucorhoa .:........... Moot BlWe DINGS ese Aes cee cee SLANT ARS Tei Gye ees Maes Pe een Ay 766a Azure Bluebird............ Sialia SHIBUUIS| AAUIRES).. 5 on soo asepecocoocesa 767 Western Bluebird.......... mexicana occidentalis......... 767a Chestnut-backed Bluebird Sy lORWINCLIES Bone a caeneesome 767b San Pedro Bluebird....... sie) iy hee ell OK) RONG See etree Osea ee oe 768 Montain Bluebird........ a ALCULCA SN eee eee hear ee ene 227 West. Biddle: Kast. Ww 2-3 $2 i se2 n 2-4) n2-4 e3-4 w 3-4 1-2 { se2 2-4 wos a 3-4, n3-4 e@ 3-5 w 3-4 w 2 w 2 w2 Ww 2-3 w 2-3 w 2 { 2-3 se2 Sw2 2 { w-5 e 2-5; 2n 3-5) 2n 3-5 2-3-5 e 2-5 n 3-5) n 3-5 W 3-9} I 2-n 3) 2-n3 2 2 w 2 BLUEBIRDS, ETC. 2-4 | 2-3 2-3 9-3-4 23-4 e 2-3-4| w 1-3-4 1-4-5 1-4 e455 wil-3-5 1-41 n 3-4 w 2 e 3-5 Ww 2-4-5 e 2-4 In3-41n3-4 w 1-2-3 5 5} In241n2 4 le2 w 2-3-5 2-4-5 5 | 4 2-4 2-4 se2 w 2-4 e 2-3) i) e 2-4 Lee) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. — A, — WH i =~ ea) LZ 7 B= SS Vi y, \ Yj HN “yi / Ui, i Nat CLARKE NUTCRACKER. (Length 12 in.) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 229 CLARKE: NUTCRACKER. A. O. U. No. 491. (Nucipaga cloumbiana.) One of the commonest and most interesting birds met with in the solitudes of the pine-forests of the upper peaks of the Rocky Mountain ranges, is Vuczfraga columbiana, or the Clarke Nutcracker. His plumage attracts attention at once; “ the body is ash-gray, whiter on forehead and chin; wings black with white patch on secondines tail’ with middle feathers black, outer ones white.’’ (Wils). Whilst spending several weeks in the spruce forests at the edge of timber-line on the western slope of Pike’s Peak, a year or two ago, I had excellent opportunities for studying these interesting birds. Amongst the miners they are known as Fremont’s bird, and included also with a number of Jays, as ““Camprobber.’”’ The Rocky Mountain Jay is thetrue Camp-robber. The Nut-cracker is of aninvestigating turn ae aon mctaree | Photo from life by W. W. Arnold. CLARKE NUTCRACKER. 230 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. of mind, and soon discovers the location of a camp in the woods and immediately pays a visit of inspection, aud if permitted to gather up the scraps from the table soon becomes very familiar. Where I was staying, a fat, lazy dog was the rightful heir of all the table scraps, but Mr. Nut-cracker was so thoroughly alert and swift in action, that poor doggie would scarcely begin to wag his tail in anticipation of dinner when the scraps would be snatched from his very jaws and spirited away by his aeriel enemy. The plunge from a tree top to the ground when making these predi- tory excursions was something astounding to behold. Hugging tight their stout bodies with their powerful wings, they would pitch, like a diver, headlong downward, arresting the lightning plunge within a few feet of the earth, with such suddenness as to produce a loud ex- plosive noise. Although they love to live in the cool retreats of the spruce forests girting the crest of the mountains, where every night in the summer season the waters of the laughing streams are congealed by the touch of the Frost King’s breath, they ardently seek the kiss of the first rays of the morning sun as they gild the peaks with glory and thoroughly warm up before starting out on the days round in search of their daily bread, which consists of berries, seeds, all kinds of insects and mice. I watched one of these fellows devour a mouse one day. He commenced by picking out the eyes, then the brain, and proceeded until nothing but the tail remained which was discarded. Their solitude breaking note, Kar’r’r’r! emitted with vigorous enthusiasm, once heard is never forgotten. They are a busy industri- ous bird, and there are no tramps in their family. Personal observation leads me to believe that the Nut-cracker does not stand confinement well and this is strange when we consider how readily nearly all members of the Crow family adapt themselves to cage life. Their ability to tear into pieces the hard pine-cone, when seeking for the much loved pine-nuts, evidences the strength of their powerful beaks. One of these birds which I had in a cage for several months, would easily twist off an iron wire 1-32nd inch in diameter. The cut repro- duced from one of a number of photographs taken by the author, shows the crow in one of his most characteristic attitudes on the top of a sil- ver spruce tree. That picture represents about a week’s work, and the expenditure of enough patience to supply an ordinary house-hold for months! Dr. WILLIAM W. ARNOLD. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 231 H CHATS .. WITH FR RIEND DS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My DEAR YounGc FOLks: We continue to receive inquiries about Junior membership in the Audubon Society. As I am but a local Connecticut secretary I can only send you the Connecticut badge, but I will send the address of your State secretary to any of you who wish it. We were interested last week in watching Jenny Wren and her eight little brown babies. She was carrying a choice morsel to them, (an insect which seemed a very large mouthful for so tiny a bird,) when Madam Pussy Cat strolled by and cast admiring glances toward Mis- tress Jenny. Such a scolding! Jenny relaxed her hold but an instant, but her prey darted away without waiting for a second chance. Then Jenny flew to a tree some distance from her nest, and by her vigorous chatterings lured pussy’s attention from her helpless infants towards herself. No one who watches the birds trying to fill with good things—four, eight, and even ten gaping mouths, will doubt that these happy carol- ing birds lead.a strenuous life. Then too, the bird-land tragedies are many, perils from other birds, from squirrels, snakes, storms, and boys. I think August must be their vacation month, spent quietly in the leafy recesses. Then their gowns are freshened, ready for a long journey into the Southland. Do you suppose that the young who make the journey for the first time this year, look with wonder on the strange scenes, and will they return and tell us all about it next spring ? Cordially, Yonr Friend, Mrc MERRYTHOUGHT. 232 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ROLL OF HONOR. 1. Leroy B. Noble, Little River, Conn. 2. J. Howard Binns, Adena, Ohio. 4. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I. ANSWERS TO JULY PUZZLES. Sieark. Who are we? 9. Blue Jay. LOS eee lycatchenr: jt, IanO en © halts 13. Whip-poor-will. 14. Crow. 15. Swallow. MAILBAG EXTRACTS. SOME TAME HUMMERS. Last summer I went into the mountains. I lived In a log-cabin hotel. Over an unused door a board stuck out forming a kind of wind break or shield. Behind this board there was a hole in a rotten log about a foot and a half long. In this hole a family of humming birds had built their nest. There were three little ones. They were so tame that I picked them up and played with them; the old birds did not seem tocare. ‘The family were of the broad-tailed variety. Late in the season the little ones learned to fly, and they flew away. CHARLES B. Murray, Denver, Col. A HUMMING BIRD AT SCHOOL. One morning recently, when some of the pupils got to school before the teacher, we watched for her to come. When she came we ran out to the road to meet her and walked in with her. When we got in, my ‘playmate went to set down her lunch basket, and I said,—*‘O Dot, look here! Here is a little humming bird.’’ It was so tired it could not fly. We took it and held it awhile, and then put it in a tree, but it did not fly. We held it again; and pretty soon it flew up into the top of the Gece : AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 233 It had black wings and tail, its back was green, and its breast was a dirty white, its throat was dirty white speckled with brown. Lore M. CLency, (age 10), Valley Center, Cal. AN OBJECT LESSON. There are two larch trees on our lawn, where I always look for warb- lers during the migrations, and rarely without success. But during the spring of 1904 these birds were extremely scarce in this neighborhood. Many species that usually may be numbered by dozens appearing by units, while some sorts were conspicuous by their entire absence. And in consequence—surely the inference is a fair one—the larches, which usually support a few of the white, wooly aphis, are now infested by this pest. IsABELLA McC. Lemmon, Englewood, N. J. NUMERICAL ENIGMA NO. 1, I am composed of 18 letters. My 13-5-8-12-17-4-15 are very useful. This warm weather is 2-7-9-14-11-12, the 12-13-1-15-15 and 2-4-7-10-8 grow nicely. J. HowarpD Binns, Adena, Ohio. ENIGMA NO. 2. My Ist is in slow and also in fast, My 2nd you will find in mast. My 3rd is in brown, but not in red. My 4th you can see in bed. My 5th and 6th you can find in pipe, My 7th you will find in ripe. My 8th and 9th are in falter. My whole is a bird that lives near water. Wm. K. D. REYNOLDS, Berkeley, Cal. 234 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. AN EIGHT-POINTED STAR. 8 Il 3 xX x xX © O O O O O O O O O O O OE Orr © 7 2X OO OO OX DOQQ OQ xz OnnOue © O O O O O O O O O O O O Xx X x 6 4 5 My 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 is an artificial inclosure used for constructing or re- pairing ships. 9 to 1 isa bird of the most contrary characteristics. 9 to 3 is a small, singing bird and a household pet. 9 to 2 is a common winter bird. 9 to 5 is a bird of great value in ridding an apple orchard of caterpil- lars. 9 to 4 is a bird of bad, domestic traits. 9 to 6 is of the flycatcher family. 9 to 7 is often mistaken for a robin. 9 to 8 is a small, common bird. HILDAH CHACE SMITH, Providence, L. I. QUERIES. 1. What two birds of bright plumage have crests ? 2. What silent bird has a crest ? 3. What black and white bird has a crest ? 4. What bird with a crest catches fish ? GLEANINGS, “There was so much to be happy over, that I was rather startled when I discovered another appreciative being near me. It was a brown thrush, with a soul full of joy. He had burst into song. He was an invisible soloist, but his melody had thrilled the sunlit aisles, and made them holy. ‘Little brown thrush,’ I said aloud, you trust your Creator, while I only try to. I must do better.’ ”’ ; paid. 1 The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. 70 illustrations. 2 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. 42 illustrations. . 3 Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. 50 illustrations. 4 Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. 46 il- lustrations. 5 A Child’s Story of the Bible. 72 illus- trations. 6 A Child’s Life of Christ. 49 illustra- tions. 7 Asop’s Fables. 62 illustrations. 8 Swiss Family Robinson. 50 illustra- ions. 9 Christopher Columbus and the Discoy- ery of America. 70 illustrations. 10 Exploration and Adventure in Africa, 80 illustrations. 11 Gulliver’s Travels. 50 illustrations. 12 Mother Goose’s Rhymes. Jingles and Fairy Tales. 234 illustrations. 13 Lives of the Presidents of the United States. With portraits and illustra- tions. ‘ 14 The Story of the Frozen Seas. 70 illus. trations. : : 15 Wood's Natural History. 80 illustra- tions. 16 Dickén’s Child’s History of England. 80 illustrations. 17 Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. 50 il- lustrations. 18 Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. 130 illustrations. 19 Andersen’s Fairy Tales. 75 illustra- tions. 20 Grimm’s Fairy Tales. 75 illustrations, 21 Grandfather’s Chair. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 68 illustrations. 22 Flower Fables. By Louisa M. Alcott. 50 illustrations. 93 Aunt Martha’s Corner Cupboard. By Mary and Elizabeth Kirby 54 illus- trations. a 294 Water Babies. By Charles Kingsley. 84 illustrations. 25 Battles of the War for Independence. By Prescott Holmes. 70 illustrations, 96 Battles of the Warfor the Union. By Prescott Holmes. 8) illustrations. 27 Young People’s History of the War with Spain. 950 illustrations. 28 Heroes of the United States Navy. 60 illustrations. _ 2 29 Military Heroes of the United States. 60 illusIrations. f ‘ 30 Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 90 illustrations. CHAS. K. REED, - - - Young Peoples’ Library A new series of choice literature for children, selected from the best and most popular works. Handsomely printed on fine supercalendered paper from large, clear type, and profusely illustrated by the most famous artists, making, the handsomest and most attractive series of juvenile classics before the public. ra ~ Fine English cloth, handsome new original eu | designs, colored pictures, 50 cents each post- 31 Vic: the Autobiography of a Fox-Ter- rier. By Marie More Marsh. Tlus- trated. 32 Tales trom Shakespeare, By Charler : and Mary Lamb. 65 illustrations. 33 Adventures in Toyland. 70 illustra- tions. 34 Adventures of a Brownie. 18 illustra- tions. 30 Mixed Pickles. 31 illustrations. 36 Little Lame Prince. 24 illustrations. 37 The Sleepy King. 77 illustrations. 38 Rip Van Winkle. By Washington Ir- ving. 46 illustrations. 39 A Child’s Garden of Verses. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 100 illustrations. 40 Romulus, the Founder of Rome. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 41 Cyrus the Great, the Founder of the Persian Empire. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. Darius the Great, King of the Medes and Persians. By Jacob Abbott. 34 illustrations. 43 Xerxes the Great, King of Persia. By Jacob Abbott. 30 illustrations. 44 Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. By Jacob Abbott. 51 illustrations. 45 Pyrrhus, King of Epirus. By Jacob Abbott. 45 illustrations. 46 Hanniball the Carthaginian. By Jacod Abbott. 37 illustrations. 47 Julius Cesar, the Roman Conqueror. : By Jacob Abbott. 44 illustrations. 48 Alfred the Great, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 49 William the Conqueror, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 43 illustrations. 50 Hernando Cortez, the Conqueror of Mexico. By Jacob Abbott. 30 illus- trations. dl Mary, Queen of Scotts. By Jacob Ab- _ bott. 45 illustrations. 52 Queen Elizabeth, of England. By Ja- cob Abbott. 49 illustrations. 53 King Charles the First, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 41illustrations. 54 King Charles the Second, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 38 illustrations. 5) Marie Antoinette, Queen of France. By John S.C. Abbott. 41 illustrations. 56 Madame Roland, a Heroine of the French Revolution. By Jacob Ab- _ bott. 42 illustrations. 57 Josephine, Empress of France. By Ja- cob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 58 Animal Stories for Litt!e People. 50 il- lustrations. WORCESTER, MASS. Ho to MIDSUMMER BARGAINS. ORNITHOLOGY. We have a fine line of bird books, Ornithological and Oological Magazines and Pamphlets, all of which we offer at reduced prices. Send for complete list if you wish to purchase. MINERALOGY. Wehave 200 kinds of Min- erals and Rocks, in small specimens at_4c. each, or in High School size for 10c. each. Full list free. Over 150 volumes-on Geology and Paleontology, including the finest illustrated works obtainable, at low rates. BOTANY. A full line of Botany books will be offered very low. A new library just pur- chased. EBA JEFFERSON ST.- BURLINGTON, WIS. <9 CHICAGO Are You Prepared to Study the Birds? = BUY A GOOD FIELD GLASS. The BEST for Bird Study and Ip fe Equally Good for a “9 i be s Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and_ espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. kes"Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 TNS Gia Bera OVO ec LBXOLO) Sasi PAG Aes CI Ice ee 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. BIRD-LORE A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Study and Protection of Birds Published for the Audubon Societies as the official organ of the Societies Edited by FRANK M. CHAPMAN Audubon Department edited by MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT and WILLIAM DUTCHER BIRD-LCORE’S Motto: A Bird inthe Bush is Worth Two inthe Hand. BrrRD-LORE began in its December issue, the publication of a series of Beautiful Colored Plates, drawn by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and Bruce Horsfall, accurately represent- ing all the plumages of North American Warblers, with text from records in the Biologi- cal Survey giving the dates of migra- tion of Warblers at hundreds of local- ities. Until the supply is exhausted this number will be given free to all subscribers to Vol. VI of BiIRD-LORE, begining Feb. 1, 1904. kGS=When in doubt write to a member of BIRD-LORE’S Advisory Council. 20 CENTS A NUMBER; $1.00 A YEAR. Published for the Audubon Societies by the Macmillan Company, 66 Fifth Ave., New York City. COLOR KEY TO North American Birds By FRANK M. CHAPMAN | \ A complete bird dictionary, with : upward of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, RMRTH AMERICAN BIS FS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every ee | species, and a large number of full-page K CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, ee eS cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. « . A Vol. 4, No. 9. SEPTEMBER, 1904. 10¢ a copy, $1 a year. % Wi. SSS SS SSS S== =} 0! SSeS : <4; S PES Ve Ze STC) ofa » Uf ffl lly : G44 4 » AD Caw 7 LOY, Fy Leys 4 Uy, y) “ ha MY Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, 1001 Len cilia ica la ] When you go to the WORLD’S FAIR be sure to visit OUR = Ss DISPLAY which is located in the PALACE OF LIBERAL = a= ARTS, at the intersection of Aisle G and Aisle 4 in Block 53, En $ in the second aisle directly opposite the main entrance. : ES = You are cordially invited to inspect our display which is the = = ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- Is — tion, and to make our exhibit your headquarters. e =| =z =~ -.G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO. & = = ‘- ST. LOUIS, MO. > S = =& == DEPOTSAN Se ee I New York Chicago San Francisco Ee {93 University Place. 39 State St. 819 Market St. == = yy lL = PP PPP PPP CPP PPV PPP PPPRVG WT COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONES. THE BEST TALKING MACHINES MADE. $5 to $100 The Graphophone is the Universal Entertainer. It will Talk, Sing, Laugh and Play. It combines all instruments in one. Send for complete list of records The World-Famous Col- Dre umbia Gold Moulded De Cylinder Records. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS. 7 inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. 10 inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen. Grand Opera Records (10 inch discs only) $2.00 each. The word COLUMBIA on a Talking Machine or Record is a guarantee of merit and genuineness. Columbia Records. Fit Any Make of Talking Machine. For Sale by Dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Pioneers and Leaders inthe Talking Machine Art. . Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. New York, Wholesale, Retail and Export, 353 Broadway. Uptown, Retail only, 872 Broadway Chicago, 88 Wabash Ave. — Boston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. ae Ve wel ec RS , VISSS SS 1 The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. 70 illustrations. 2 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. 42 illustrations. 3 Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. 50 illustrations. paid. 4 Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. 46 il- lustrations. 5 A Child’s Story of the Bible. trations. 6 A Child’s Life of Christ. 49 illustra- tions. 7 :sop’s Fables. 8 Swiss Family Robinson. tions. 9 Christopher Columbus and the Discoy- ery of America. 70 illustrations. 10 Heal oration and Adventure in Africa, 80 illustrations. li Gulliver’s Travels. 40 illustrations. 12 Mother Goose’s Rhymes. Jingles and Fairy Tales. 234 illustrations. 13 Lives of the Presidents of the United 72 illus- 62 illustrations. 50 illustra- plates: With portraits and illustra- 14 abe ei SHOLY | of the Frozen Seas. 70 illus- rat 15 Wood's Seance History. 80 illustra- tio 16 Dicken’ s Child’s History of England. 80 illustrations. 17 Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell. 50 il- lustrations. 18 Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. 130 illustrations. 19 Andersen’s Fairy Tales. 75 illustra- tions. 20 Grimm’s Fairy Tales. 75 illustrations, 91 Grandfather’s Chair. By Nathaniel Hawthorne. 68 illustrations. 92 Flower Fables. By Louisa M. Alcott. 50 illustrations. 93 Aunt Martha’s Corner Cupboard. By Mary and Elizabeth Kirby. 54 illus- trations. 4 Water Babies. By Charles Kingsley. 84 illustrations. 95 Battles of the War for Independence. By Prescott Holmes. 70 illustrations, 26 Battles of the War for the Union. Bu Prescott Holmes. 80 illustrations. 27 Young People’s History of the War with Spain. 50 illustrations. 98 Heroes of the United States Navy. 60 illustrations. 299 Military Heroes of the United States. 60 illuslrations. 30 Uncle Tom’s Cabin. 90 illustrations. CHAS. K. REED, - - Young Peoples’ Library A new series of choice literature for children, selected from the best and most popular works. Handsomely printed on fine supercalendered paper from large, illustrated by the most famous artists, making, the handsomest and most attractive series of juvenile classics before the public. Fine English cloth, designs, colored pictures clear type, and profusely handsome new original , 00 cents each post- 31 Vic: the Autobiography of a Fox-Ter- rier. By Marie More Marsh. Tlus- trated. 2 Tales from Shakespeare, By Charler and Mary Lamb. 65 illustrations. 33 Adventures in Toyland. 70 illustra- tions. 34 Adventures of a Brownie. tions. 35 Mixed Pickles. 31 illustrations. 36 Little Lame Prince. 24 illustrations. 37 The Sleepy King. 77 illustrations. 38 Rip Van Winkle. By Washington Tr- ving. 46 illustrations. 39 A Child’s Garden of Verses. By Robert Louis Stevenson. 100 illustrations. 18 illustra- 40 Romulus, the Founder of Rome. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 41 Cyrus the Great, the Founder of the Persian Empire. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 42 Darius the Great, King of the Medes and Persians. By Jacob Abbott. 34 illustrations. 43 Xerxes the Great, King of Persia. By Jacob Abbott. 30 illustrations. 44 Alexander the Great. King of Macedon. By Jacob Abbott. 51 illustrations. 45 Pyrrhus, King of Epirus. By Jacob Abbott. 45 illustrations. 46 Hanniball the Carthaginian. By Jacod Abbott. 37 illustrations. 47 Julius Cesar, the Roman Conqueror. By Jacob Abbott. 44 illustrations. 48 Alfred the Great, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 49 William the Conqueror, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 43 illustrations. 50 Hernando Cortez, the Conqueror of Mexico. By Jacob Abbott. 30 illus- . trations. : 51 Mary, Queen of Scotts. By Jacob Ab- bott. 45illustrations. 52 Queen Elizabeth, of England. By Ja- cob Abbott. 49 illustrations. 53 King Charles the First, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 41illustrations. 54 King Charles the Second, of England. By Jacob Abbott. 38 illustrations. 5d Marie Antoinette, Queen of France. By John S.C. Abbott. 41 illustrations. 56 Madame Roland, a MHeroine of the French Revolution. By Jacob Ab- bott. 42 illustrations. 57 Josephine, Empress of France. By Ja- cob Abbott. 40 illustrations. 58 Animal Stories for Litt!e People. 50 il- lustrations. WORCESTER, MASS. MIDSUMMER BARGAINS. ORNITHOLOGY. We have a fine line of bird books, Ornithological and Oological Magazines and Pamphlets, all of which we offer at reduced prices. Send for complete list if you wish to purchase. MINERALOGY. We have 200 kinds of Min- erals and Rocks, in small specimens at_ 4c. each, or in High School size for 10c. each. Full list free. Over 150 volumes on Geology and Paleontology, including the finest illustrated works obtainable, at low rates. BOTANY. A full line of Botany books will be offered very low. A new library just pur- chased. A collection of 900 mounted speci- mens of Marine Algea just being offered for sale. CONCHOLOGY. Our stock in this branch covers over a quarter of a million specimens from every part of the world. Almost every genera represented. Write for lists if you have or wish to form a collection. Some specially fine Polished Shells just received. CURIOS. Under this head we group a great variety of objects, such as Indian rel- ics, both ancient and modern, marine speci- mens both wet and dry, sponges, corals, sea beans, fossils, and hundreds of interesting objects which go to make up handsome and interesting CURIO CABINETS. Write for ists of anything you desire in Natural His- ory. Please bear in mind that our stock is ex- tensive, but that if we are out of what you want we will try to obtain it for you. Our fa- cilities are unequalled. Our new building is now in course of erection and rather than move all of our big stock, we will make spec- ially low offers to liberal buyers. One to one hundred dollars now will buy you more speci- mens from us than it will next Fallor later. Write at once. ALTER F. WEBB, 416 Grand Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. HAYE YOU A HOBBY ? No matter what itis Tyre West keeps you posted. 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Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note books. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. I desire to send sample free to all interested. Address, GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The fon Cheapest and most popu- ar ‘“ BIRD” PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, BRINE Si He SOs Editor and Manager Chili, N. Y. WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. 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The illustrations of the moths are natural size and the coloring is With this book it is easy to It is by far the best work on moths ever published. $4.00 PREPAID. CHAS. K. REED, perfect. identify any moth at a glance. Worcester, Mass. THE American Natural History By W. T. HORNADAY. Director of the New York Zoological Park; Author of ‘‘Two Years in the Jungle” A POPULAR BOOK. Sparkling in style, full of ancedotes, personal experiences and observa- tions. In scope and arrangement, scientific. In presentation, non-tech- nical. It is a book for the student, the teacher, and general reader. With 343 illustrations, picturing 375 animals, beside charts and maps. Size of book 10 x 7 inches. Royal 8vo, $3.50 «Mr. Hornaday is a practical man and he has written a practical book. The descriptions are clear and avoid over-technicality, while they are accompanied by readable accounts of animal traits and incidents of wild life. 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Golf Automobiling h'. \ Tennis Yachting BO : Canoeing Athletics S y) e RlcdTp Com and Gon Maken Naturalist Supply Depot Natural History The Dog Is Adventure Fiction 5 DEALERS IN Club Life Photography 150 pages beautifully fltustrated. Clean, autbemk and authoritative. published at 4 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal, 10 cents the copy $1.00 the year Sample Copies with pleasure Supplies of all Kinds, Glass Eyes. Mounted Specimens a Specialty. Send toc for catalog FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO., Museum Se aiiae _ ~ HYDE PARK, MASS. American Ornithologs A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il and lll, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. 1, Il, II] and subscription for 1904, $3.00. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED—— VOL. IV SEPTEMBER, 1904. NO. 9. THREE MONTHS FREE. Anyone subscribing for the Bird Magazine now will receive, free, the remaining copies for this year and their subscription will commence with Jan. 1905. Anyone sending in two new subscriptions at $1.00 each will be given the Bird Magazine free for one year. Were is a chance to benefit both yourselves and the magazine with practically no effort. Only One More Month for the Photo Contest. It closes October Ist. Prints can be of any size and on any paper except blue print. Any- one can send in one or aS many prints as he wishes. ‘They will be judged impartially with due regard to their merit photographically and the difficulty of obtaining the subject. We make the following awards for the best pictures received and also pay 50 cents each for all others that we can use. Classl. Adult live birds (wild),—lIst, a $20.00 Al Vista Camera; 2nd, a $5.00 pair of bird glasses; 3rd, Color Key to N. A. Birds. Class 2. Young Birds. Ist, a $20.00 Graphaphone; 2nd, pair of $5.00 field glasses; 3rd, Color Key to N. A. Birds. Class 3. Nests and Eggs,—lIst, a $5.00 pair of Field Glasses; 2nd, ‘North American Birds Eggs.” Ie eS From N. A. Bird’s Eggs. Photo from life by L. S. Horton. LONG-EARED OWL ON NEST. 236 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. AMERICAN GOSHAWK. A. O. U- No. 334. (Aecipiter atricapillus) RANGE. Whole of North America except the Pacific coast, breeding chiefly north of the United States and during the winter appearing over our borders as far south as New Jersey, Missouri and California. In some portions of the Rocky Mountains they remain to breed occasionally. DESCRIPTION. Length, about 24 in., the female being about two inches longer than the male. Eye; red in adults, yellow in young. Adults:—Above a slaty blue becoming lighter and brighter with old age; below and a broad line over the eye white, the under parts being finely waved with gray and the feathers having black shafts; the crown is somewhat dark- er than the back and is sometimes black. Young:—Entirely different from the adults, being brownish above and dull white below with numer- ous streaks on the underparts. The western Goshawk is similar to the eastern form but is darker be- low. It is found on the Pacific coast from Oregon to Alaska. NEST AND EGGS. These hawks build bulky nests of sticks and twigs lined with leaves and weeds. They are usually found in large forests or woods placed well up towards the top of large trees, usually coniferous ones being preferred. They lay from two to four white eggs with a slight bluish tinge and frequently these will be found to have faint markings of brownish. They are usually laid in April or early in May. HABITS. These large handsome birds are very powerful and audacious and are more to be feared by the farmers in the fall when they are quite com- mon, than any others of the family. They are similar in appearance to AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BM AMERICAN GOSHAWK. {Adult and Young.] 238 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. the Old World species but have a darker head. The name Goshawk is said to be a contraction from their original Old World name of Goose Hawk, they being said to frequently attack and kill both domestic and wiid geese. They were very frequently used in the Middle Ages as harriers to pursue and capture prey for their owners. In this country they are very often known as Blue Hawks from their color and as Partridge Hawks from their habit of catching these fast flying birds on the wing. They feed almost exclusively upon flesh and disdain to touch carrion. Squirrels, rodents, rabbits, grouse, ducks, poultry and many small birds are included in their bill of fare. They are very swift fliers and are extremely agile in following the devious course pursued by their victims, their long tail and short wings apparent- ly allowing them to double and turn on their course with remarkable facility. For boldness and audacity no other hawk can compare with them and were they common in the United States throughout the year, poultry raising would be anything but profitable. A friend in Vermont writes: —“‘Last winter two Goshawks hung around our place and before we got rid of them threatened to make away with all the chickens that we had. We missed three hens in two days without knowing where they had gone. The next day I heard a commotion in the hen yard and got out of the house just in time to see a large Goshawk coming out of the open coop-door with a chicken in his claws. I did not have the gun with me and he refused to let go of the fowl when I shouted at him. I prepared for another such occurence by placing a gun behind the door where it could be handily reached. Although a chicken disappeared with fatal regularity every day, It was nearly a week before I was able to catch him in the act. A noisy cackling brought me to the door with my weapon just as he was going over the fence with his struggling victim. My shot failed to bring him down although it caused him to drop the hen. In less than half an hour afterwards and while I was still on guard he returned to try to get his daily meal but I had better success this time and dropped him before he had caught his prey.’’ They have also been known to strike and carry off a Grouse which had just been shot and missed by a gunner, even before he was beyond the range of the gun. Other instances have been recorded of their entering houses through open windows to attack cage birds which they saw hanging before the window, and of their swooping down and carry- ing off fowls while the latter were being fed. They seem to have no fear of anything when hunger spurs them on and the utter audacity of their attack often stands them in good stead for they are away and beyond reach before the observer recovers from his surprise. They are one of the few hawks about which but very little can be said in their favor but still we would all be very loath to see them exterminated. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 239 This species is an exact reproduction ai its ne cousin Afzrundo erythrogastra in general coloration aud habits. In this section of China, (Foo-chow) the bird is migratory in April and October. In the early Spring as the fields are green with the fast growing grain great colonies of these little feathered friends may be seen sweeping gracefully over the green, busily engaged in the regular pursuits of the day. One who has left the beautiful land of ““Sunny Tennessee,’ or a like climate in the homeland, certainly feels as though he had met friends as he for the first time in the year sees a bevy of these happy little chatterers. To the most careful observer this specie seems to be the the common Barn Swallow. They come in from the South full of mirth and soon select a suitable nesting site andere long are busily en- gaged throwing up their earth works. The nest of this swallow is in all respects similar to that of the Barn Swallow in America, except it is placed in the homes of the people. I have never found a nest in an unoccupied house, though it may be that sometimes such a site is chosen. It does seem however, that the bird is very particular to choose such a building as is freauented by a great many people, and more especially by children. I have often seen a nest in the room of one of our schools where were gathered daily from twenty to forty boys studying at the top of their voice. It is a recog- nized fact that a school that cannot be heard for a “‘block”’ is not worthy a place in the list of schools, and it is into such a room that these birds find their way and plaster their nest upon some suitable place just a few feet above the heads of the pupils. While the scholars are studying at the top of their voices and the very greatest confusion seems to reign supreme, the little family in the mud home, so close, while away the time in perfect happiness. The parent birds pass in and out of the open front, or door, of the room even while it may be occupied by a group of scholars or spectators as the case may be. This friendly nature of the swallow has secured for it the good will of the people, and many superstitions and beliefs have arisen as aresult. For more than two years I have endeavored to secure a set of the eggs of this specie and found it impossible to doso. Ihave gone into many school-rooms, homes and chapels where there were one or more nests almost within my reach but never was permitted to molest them. This feeling of care for the birds is due to certain superstitions however, rather than for any love for the bird. These superstitions are diffent in different localities. For instance, at the city of Foo-chow it is universally believed among the heathen people that if a nest of these birds is disturbed to the extent that the 240 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. birds remove to other quarters, the inmates of that home will ever after be stupid and dull in matters of books and learnlng. I suppose this belief has arisen on account of the bird so often selecting a school-room for a nesting site. I find at Ku-cheng, one hundred miles inland from Foo-chow, that it is possible to secure the eggs of this swallow, tho’ I have never been able to secure a nest. It is believed that if the nestis taken away the birds will gather in the home and scold the inmates, thus invoking the disfavor of the gods, and then leave the home never to enter it again. We find it possible to secure sets of this specie there- fore, only through such people as have thrown aside their superstitious beliefs, or from those who are rather skeptical toward the general faith in the many gods. The greatest care is taken in order to induce swallows to nest in the homes, and even in the shops on the narrow streets. Little platforms of wood are placed in such places as are liable to attract attention of one of these little home seekers. When life begins to be manifest in the little home another platform is placed in such a position as to catch the filth which might otherwise fall upon the inmates of the house. The eggs of this specie number from four to six, tho’ more generally five, and are of a pure white color, less pointed than those of the com- mon Barn Swallow of the homeland. This difference of coloration and and form of the egg is the only marked difference I have been able to detect between the two species. Harry R. CALDWELL, Ku-cheng, China. A MISSOURI POLYGLOT. On a morning in early May, of the year 1902, I was sitting out on the-stile before sunrise, quaffing, in long deep draughts, the cool, fresh morning air. It is a fine tonic and much more delicious than the “pleasant to take’’ spring tonics sold in bottles. And as I sat there I was conscious of many odd and peculiar notes that issued from the thickets bordering a stream running through the fields half a mile away. That they were notes of some bird I had not the slightest doubt, but what bird I didn’t know. I never remembered hearing them before but there was nothing strange in that fact, as I had only just begun to take enough interest in birds to go out of my way to identify one. And I went to breakfast wondering what this particular bird was. Days passed. I heard those same notes all day every day after that. Once I went in search of the bird but failed. He led me into the densest thickets along the stream, always calling, calling, always keep- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 241 ing just a few yards ahead, always keeping out of sight. Then I gave up the chase, wearied, torn and somewhat ruffled in spirits, and turned on my heel, and he laughed, wickedly, maliciously. Days lengthened into weeks. May 28th, found me sitting partially concealed near the edge of an abandoned pond. It was in the center of a small grove. A stream, the same mentioned above, entered the pond at the upper end, all the surplus water running out over a low place in the dam, thus forming a miniature Niagara, and then resum- ing its course on down through the fields. The place was rarely visit- ed by any one except myself. Weeds, thickets and scrubby growth flourished. And I think this must have been the favorite resort of eyery bird in the neighborhood. One could always find “something doing’ here. On this particular afternoon I watched a Dickcissel as he foraged for worms, in a bit of marshy ground the other side of the pond. Heseemed to find the worms—I couldn’t identify them—in plenty. After he had gorged himself he stepped gingerly into the shallow water, walking out to where it was probably an inch and a half deep and then proceeded to take a bath. He seemed undecided just how to do. In fact he looked scared. I think he was afraid he might go under. He splashed lightly for about ten seconds and then abrupt- ly left the water alighting on the top rail of a fence. And, oh my, how glad he seemed that it was all over. One could almost see him heave a sigh of relief. And just then another bird came for a plunge. It was the Phoebe who had a nest up stream about a hundred yards where the bridge crossed. He alighted on a dead limb about ten feet above the center of the pond and from that vantage ground plunged straight down into the water, as a King fisher would dive for his prey. He was wholly under water for an instant then rose heavily to the limb above. He repeated this performance three times, at intervals of afew seconds. Then after fluttering and pruning his feathers for a while, he returned to the bridge and his brooding mate. Following him up stream with my eyes—just as he disappeared around the bend, I observed another little bird coming down toward the pond, tripping lightly along through the shallow water, now and then dexterously flicking out of the little wavelets that rippled about his feet, something which he hastily swallowed. As the bird neared me I recognized him as a common Water Thrush, the first I had seen in years, nor have I seen one since. He passed within a few feet of me and seemed to be eat- ing the tadpoles with which the water teemed. In one place the bank fell sheer into the water. Close to the edge grew a honey locust tree and in the clear water below could be seen a tangled mass of roots that grew from it. A short time before, one could see twined about 242 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. these roots long strings of a clear, jelly-like substance flecked and speckled with black. They were “frog eggs.’’ They had recently disappeared, hence the myriads of tadpoles. The Thrush continued his journey around the edge of the pond to the waterfall, then, turning without a pause, went tripping back up stream apparently intent only on catching tadpoles. A slight unintentional movement on my part, as he passed me, instantly caught his eye and he rose to the branches above with a metallic ““chip’’ of alarm. He sat there watching me first with one eye, then the other, then both together, and bobbing, bowing, wagging, teetering and uttering his sharp ‘chip’ until he thoroughly alarmed every bird within ear shot. Then he left.. After a little while, when things had become quiet again, I saw a little pedestrian coming down a pathway that led to the pond from the cornfield. She seemed in an awful hurry, apparently more so as she neared the water, covering the last six feet in a trot. She was a Horned Lark, had doubtless been brooding her eggs in the sunken nest up in the field since early morn, and had now come to relieve her parched little throat. After satisfying her thirst she went back in a very business like way picking up a seed occasionally by the wayside. I watched her off, then, hearing a loud spluttering in the pond, turned suddenly, catching a gleam of gold and green, as a Yellow-breasted Chat beat a hasty retreat into the nearest thicket. Ah-ha, I had sur- prised him in the midst of his bath. It was my turn to laugh now, and I did, although I knew two black eyes were regarding me sullenly from that thicket. But I could not see him and had to depend on my imagination to picture him in his mortification at having the tables turned. It was sometime before he could find his voice and then he laughed, hooted, jeered, barked, gnacked, whistled, cackled and in fact uttered every kind of sound imaginable and a whole lot that were not. Then, wishing to get a better view of that wonderful creature that could not be moved to show the slightest interest in his gifted vocal powers, he flew up to a branch where I| got a fine view of him and iden- tified him for the first time. I saw a little bird about seven inches long, olive green above and bright yellow below, and with a whitish line over the eye. So this was the bird that had led me such a wild goose chase, or chat chase as you please. This was the individual who had so tired my patience and then laughed in my face. Well, I should never forget the little Golden-throated Polyglot, I was sure of that. A few days before while walking along an old unused roadway, at the edge of the woods, I found a patch of skin with the feathers on, as fine feathers as any I ever saw, bright golden yellow and pure olive AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 243 Hy A tA LP f HEL Hf ES et YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. [Life size. ] 244 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. green. I picked them up and wondered what little tragedy had been enacted there and what bird had thus been the victim. As I sat gaz- ing at the Chat, my thoughts returned to that bunch of feathers and I knew what bird had once worn them, and thought what a wretched ending for sucha gay, light-hearted, happy-go-lucky little fellow. I frequently saw him and heard him every day throughout the summer, but our friendship did not grow as I should have liked. I fear it was all one-sided. I loved the little bird but he would brook no advances on my part. His aversion to me was quite evident. And thus sum- mer waned, glorious autumn in all her gorgeousness came and passed, and with her went the Chat. Yes, he was gone, there was no doubt of that. As I strolled along the stream I found the modest little Juncos, Tree Fox and Song Sparrows in abundance, but nevertheless there was a vacancy they could not fill. I missed my noisy little Chat. He was no longer there to follow and scoff and laugh and mock at me from the safety of his impenetrable thickets. They were now brown and leafless, a mouse could not find concealment in them. ‘Then spring, the season that is ever looked forward to with eager expectancy, sweet anticipa- tions, by every bird lover rolled around once more. And with spring came the birds. And, as in past years, so now, I watched for and greeted each little feathered friend, now all the brighter for their long sojourn in the sunny South, with a thrill of joy indescribable. My little Polyglot did not arrive till May 8th. On that morning, bright and early, I heard him, the same little noisy fellow chattering down by the stream. He was still shy but not so much so as the summer previous. He sat on a limb above his thicket and regarded me insilence. Then his throat began to swell till it was nearly as large as his body. I knew something was going to happen. It did. But I don’t remember whether it was a squawk, a whistle, or some- thing else. Unfortunately I forgot to record it. He seemed to want to amuse me. He bowed and nodded and assumed many comical po- sitions sometimes nearly turning up side down as he clung to the limb. But when the summer of 1903 passed, I was little better acquainted with him than when he first arrived. I found however, that they were not so rare as I had at first supposed, but were common if not abun- dant throughout this locality especially along streams bordered by thickets. And so when he returned in the spring of 1904 I determined another summer should not pass before I had learned something of their home life. First I read up what my bird books had to say of him. About all I could learn from them was that he was an accom- plished ventriloquist, information not very encouraging to one just getting acquainted with him, who wished to find his nest. Hence I had to depend solely on my eyes and ears. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 245 On May 9th, I went to the place nearest my home where I heard one calling. I found myself in the center of a little tract of wild ground, probably an acre, surrounded by thickets and shrubbery of many kinds but mostly buck bushes and dogwood. I sat down and waited making no attempt to conceal myself. I thought it useless. The male chat saw me long before I saw him. By watching him I soon located the female. She had a fine hair like straw in her bill. She made no attempt to conceal herself but flew up into a dogwood and from thence across an open space straight to the thicket where a quarter of an hour later I located the nest which was apparently just about completed. It was fastened firmly in the top of a buck bush and was not difficult to find. A mere glance into the thicket revealed it. A week later I re- turned to the nest and it coutained three chats’ eggs. Pretty little eggs, pinkish white, not too freely sprinkled with brown. There was also another egg about the same size, but bluish white speckled with dark brown and lilac. Is it necessary to say it was a Cowbird’s? After locating this nest I had no trouble in finding three others during the two weeks following I found all by merely watching the male bird and that was not difficult, he was always in evidence. I always found him within a radius of 25 yards of the nest, usually half that distance, and he chatted almost incessantly the whole time I was in the vicinity. Three, out of the four nests found contained one Cowbird’s egg each, so I conclude the Chat is a frequent victim of this little brown rascal’s laziness. All four nests were situated as the first one, in buckbushes. I secured them after the little birds had left and found them to be exactly alike in the material used in their construction. They were two and three-fourths inches in diameter and two and one-fourth deep, inside measurement. The foundation was of coarse grass stems. The nest proper was of grasses, leaves and strips of corn husk lined with fine stiff woody fibers. But to return to the bird. Is he really such a ventriloquist as his biographers would have us believe? My idea of a ventriloquist is, that he has the power, when speaking, of making his voice appear to come from somewhere remote from himself. If the Chat has this power, he has never exhibited it while under my observation. I have always been able to go directly to him by follow- ing the sound of his voice, which is very penetrating and can be heard a quarter of a mile and further. Ventriloquist or not there is nq deny- ing his wonderful vocal powers. EpGaAr Boyer, Waverly, Mo. 246 AVERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. From North American Birds Eggs. Photo by Walter Raine. NEST AND EGGS OF AMERICAN MERGANSER. This species usually nest in holes in trees, but on this island they were nest- ing in holes under boulders. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 247 I think every schoolboy has had a desire, which in some cases de- veloped into sort of a mania, to find a Bobolink’s nest. Something in the rollicking schoolboy fashion in which he renders his choice vocal selections has appealed to our boys in a very fascinating way. It has also appealed to us, the children of a larger growth. Who does not appreciate the Bobolink’s cheerful song? Who is not better, and more cheerful for having heard it? See him as he sways back and forth on that willow twig in the meadow yonder. Hear his medley of liquid notes as they come from his tiny throat, as free and spontaneous as a summer shower. Asa boy I searched for the little nest with the brown, sparrowy mother, and always when I thought I had the key to the ““‘home,”’ I found it was not there. I will admit that others were more fortunate than I. Yet I determined to persevere, so as a man, whenever those rollicking notes came to me across the field, the desire was reawakened. Search as I would no nest seemed to be there. But one has said that, ‘“‘perseverance is always rewarded.”’ Thoreau also says, “‘What you seek in vain for, half your life, one day you come full upon all the family at dinner,” and so it proved. Bob was singing in a tree, I was raking hay when swish! Something brown darted from under my very feet, down I went on my _knees, and there nestled snugly in the side of a cradleknoll was the treasure I had sought so long, and often; the whole family at dinner, four of them; fluffy, sparrowy little birds. Two days later they were gone, yet with them went my best wishes, and I still retain the sweet memory of the pleasure I derived from those two shortdays. You ask has life lost all its charms for me, now I have found what I sought so long? I answer you nay. Iam yet looking for a Bobolink’s nest. GEO. R. CROCKETT. AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE. A. 0. U. No. 151. (Clangula americana.) RANGE. Whole of North America, breeding from northern United States north to the Arctic Ocean: winters in the United States south to the Gulf of Mexico. DESCRIPTION. Length about 20 in.; female slightly smaller. Eye bright yellow. Male.—entire head greenish black with a round white spot between 248 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. the bill and the eye. The underparts, secondaries, coverts and centers of the scapulars are white, the rest of the upperparts being black. Fe- male.—Head brown without any white patch, underparts and speculum white, the breast being gray and the back slaty. NEST AND EGGS. These beautiful birds breed northward from the United States to the limit of trees. Like the Wood Duck they make their homes in the hollow cavities of trees or in case of the absence of these, in cavitiés under boulders. ‘The bottom of the cavity is lined with leaves, grass and down from the breast of the female. Their six to ten ashy green eggs are laid during the latter part of May or in June. HABITS. These ducks are familiarly known to all gunners and also to many others as Whistlers, a name given them because of the whistling sound made by their wings when in flight. They are also frequently called Great-heads because of the puffy appearance of the short crest. Dur- ing the summer they are found chiefly about fresh water rivers or lakes where they nest in hollow trees growing near the banks. Their nests are found at all elevations from the ground, sometimes not more than a foot and again they may be twenty or thirty feet up. Frequently the opening is so small that it would appear impossible for so large a bird to squeeze through it, but they appear to do so with the greatest of ease. The young, like those of the Wood Duck, are obliged to flutter and scramble down the tree trunk as best they may, when it comes time for them to leave their nursery, the mother bird, in the mean- while encouraging them by guttural croakings from the ground be- neath. When they have all made the descent in safety, she leads them to the waters edge where they swim and play as though water had al- ways been their natural element. In the fall they start on the journey to the south, travelling in small flocks and resting in fresh water lakes, ponds or rivers. Numbers of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 249 BARROW GOLDEN-EYE, [Upper figure.] AMERICAN GOLDEN-EYE, [Male and female.| 250 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. these are also met with along the coasts but they are most often found here in pairs feeding in sheltered coves or inlets upon shell fish which they get from the bottom by diving. Their flight is very swift and steady and they always appear to have a fixed destination in view for they are difficult to decoy although occasionally one or two will come to the decoys with a flock of Scaups or “‘Blue-bills.”’ They are very active birds when upon the surface of the water and — so keen is their perception that they will dive at the flash of a gun and disappear below the protecting surface of the water before the shot reaches the place whereon they rested. They are good swimmers and can go a long ways under water or to a great depth in search of food. In the interior they feed largely upon weeds and grain which they pro- cure from fields bordering ponds. When rising from the surface of the water they do not spring directly up as do the Black Ducks but pursue a slanting course until they are at a sufficient elevation. Their only means of communication with one another appears to be by means ofa low croak, their only other note being the whistling made by their wings when in rapid flight. BARROW GOLDEN-EYE. A. O. U. No. 152. (Clangula islandica. ) RANGE. North America, breeding north of the United States except in the Rocky Mountains where they breed in Colorado. They winter south to the middle portions of the United States. DESCRIPTION. Same size and general build as the common Golden-eye but with the head glossed with purplish and the spot in front of the eye in the shape of a crescent. The white on the wing is also usually broken by a black bar. The female is practically not to be distinguished from that of the common Golden-eye. HABITS. The habits of the Barrow Golden-eye do not appear to be essentially different from those of the more common variety. Like the latter they nest in the hollow cavities of trees. In the fall they are frequently seen associated with the other Golden-eye and as a rule this one is thought not to be quite as wary and to more easily be called to decoys. The flesh of both species is very palatable and they are eagerly sought by gunners. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. esl hour of the bird day. ‘This fascination is only fully telt when I go to bed, not only when the birds do, but as they do, in a little nook of my own choosing. Some cluster of firs that promises shelter and dark- ness, or some hollow in the hills that holds all night the warmth of the suu and lets the wind go by overhead. In such a spot, unknown to the rest of the world, I can stretch out on fragrant fir-boughs or mead- ow hay, just as the sun has set. Fora few moments I, like the birds, am filled with joy and thankfulness at this “Great wide wonderful beautiful world.”’ How small and safe I feel! Then only to realize how little we need, and how only in such a life can one feel with the wise one who © Having nothing, yet hath all.”’ And now the birds voice this feeling for us more perfectly than any any human poetry can. As I hear the Lazuli Bunting’s reedy pipe from the elder bush, and the Tanager’s strain from the tall fir, seeming to call out “Higher, clearer, sweeter, happier, dearer;’’ the Russet- backed Thrush with his “Cordelia, Cordelia, Cordelia,” from the thick- er woods, and the Vireo warbling in the aspens, I know that each little heart is full of content and that they have what is best for them. But now the chorus ceases. There comes a hush as of expectation. Now many birds seem to bethink them of one last thing to be done before the curtains are drawn for the night. A Robin goes hurrying by with a childishly serious look at me out of his round eye, as if to say, Dont delay me, I have important business to attend to.’”’ The Lazuli Bunt- ing makes one last circuit of his singing trees and settles down with a quiet crooning noise just over the nest where his little brown mate is brooding her eggs, as if to say, _My beauty cannot harm you now, though I am careful to keep out of sight all day.’ The Grosbeak brings a last morsel to his wife and talks to reassure her in his sweet- est tones, a sort of bird baby-talk. The Flicker slips into her hole, with a glance around to see if she has been observed. I always fancy it is as if they were playing a game of hide and seek with our Earth Mother, and as if she said, ‘Now quick children, hide yourselves safely, and don’t let me hear a sound till morning.’”’ And all scurry into their places, with soft hush-words, while their mother hides her eyes. Only when you think of the Owls and prowling night ereatures, you cannot but hope that it really is a game to them, and that they do not know that their life is in danger every night, as soon as they close their eyes. ANNA HEAD. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 252, aPare cart FASS ap eee ee ae been Bie PAST eee Yana lbs bb ekki Pre unna tn alana aig avmire 4) bAglianeuste: foal eee aia gne etemrns Riggers (evga rele etimelel Se dueyareusi SsNiwg alsiiw bv linia rely cote, ee ee eens aang a eee Ue elena reno Peeters! i neni’ MARBLED GODWIT. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 253 MARBLED GODWIT. A. O.U.No. 249. (Limosa fedoa. ) RANGE. Whole of North America, breeding in the interior from Minnesota and the Dakotas northwards. Winters south of the United States. DESCRIPTION. Length 18 in. Bill curved slightly upward. Adults in summer.— back and wings yellowish brown barred with black; tail chestnut barred with black. Underparts buffy barred with black in fine wavy lines. In winter they are uniform grayish above faintly marked with darker, and a grayish white below. NESTS AND EGGS. Marbled Godwits breed in the interior of northern United States and from thence north to the Arctic Ocean. They scoop out a slight hol- low in the ground and line it with a few grasses: in this they lay three or four eggs during June. The eggs are a buffy drab spotted and blotched with blackish brown and yellowish. The nests are sometimes found in fields remote from water but are usually placed in marshy lo- calities beside of ponds, pools or brooks. HABITS. With the exception of the Long-billed Curlew this is one of the larg- est of the North American shore birds and as its flesh is very palatable they are one of the most persistently hunted of all the shore birds dur- ing the brief period that they remain with us in the fall. They are usually found in flocks of from ten to thirty individuals but on rare oc- casions several hundreds may be met with together. They are much more abundantly met with in the interior about fresh water ponds but for a short time in the fall and again inthe spring, numbers of them are found along both coasts. They call quite readily and also come to de- coys which are stuck up in marshes or on beaches to attract passing flocks of waders. Their flight is very rapid and the whole flock wheel like one unit, as if they were trained soldiers. They feed along the beaches and marshes at low tide, upon marine insects and small shell- fish. 254 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. II III ~ BIRD INCIDENTS, _ By ‘BERTON ‘MERCER. Seas REFRESHMENT FOR THE BIRDS. There are many ways in which we can be of service to the birds in promoting their comfort, and many simple methods by which we can encourage them to locate near our dwellings. Some years ago we placed a small log, about two feet long, on the ground in the yard under a maple tree. One side of the log was cut out in such a manner as to form a little trough about three inches deep by four or five inches wide. This we filled with fresh water every two days and always kept it nicely cleaned. The trough was originally placed in the yard as a drinking place for the birds during the summer, and we were more than repaid for our trouble by the pleasure derived from watching them. First afew birds came and inspected it, drank from it, and took an initial bath, and these evidently appreciated the situation and confided the good news to others, and the number of visitors to the trough increased until finally it became a popular ‘summer resort’’ with the birds in the neighborhood. The different birds using the trough were Robins, Cat Birds, Song Sparrows, Chipping Sparrows and Wrens, all of which took baths with the exception of the last named; I never observed them do more than drink. However the Wrens made a daily examination of the under side of the trouge in search of any spiders, worms or bugs that might be luring there. On many a sultry day in summer I have seen the little Song Sparrows come up to the trough all dusty and panting with thirst. After taking a long drink of the cool water, and indulging in a good bath, they were completely refreshed and would frequently repay us with a sweet song of thanks for the benefit received. Some times two birds would take a bath at once, and it was truly amusing to watch them splashing and hopping in the water, making it fly in all directions. and afterwards re- turning to some shady nook to dress their feathers. MARYLAND YELLOW.THROAT NEST. During the past summer while walking through a section of low land where there was much coarse grass and low growth, I noticed a Mary- land Yellow-throat sitting on a scrub bush with a mouth-full of sedge grass, roots, etc. I stood perfectly still and watched him to see what he would do. Presently, as if divining my attention, he seemed to say “T’ll just show you where it is,’’ and flew directly to a bunch of tall grass and disappeared. After a few minutes he came out again, looked at me saucily and sang out, ‘Glad to meet you,”’ “Glad to meet you,” AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 255 and then proceeded to gather another mouth-ful of materials and carried them to the same place. On making an examination I founda partially completed nest, and on calling theretwo days later, the nest was finished —a beautiful, round cup-like structure. I stopped there on several occasions afterwards but no eggs were deposited in it, although the birds remained in the vicinity all season. It is my impression that this nest was simply made as a ‘“‘blind,’’ while the true home was some- where else. I am the more inclined to think so on account of the care- less manner in which the bird exposed it in the first instance. : "FRIENDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. One of you have asked about the robin’s second brood. Robins, Phoebes, Swallows, Wrens, Sparrows and many other birds, raise several families in one season, sometimes laying eggs even in sultry August. The Robins usually use the same nest through the summer, repairing it, if need be, with fresh mud, plaster and twig joists. Ihave seen Sir Robin sitting upon the eggs in a most contented manner, while Madam was busying herself about something else out of sight of the home nest. Not long ago the Birdlover had a delightful talk with a bold young chippy. Master chipping bird did the most of the talking however. He alighted on the lower step of a veranda where the Birdlover was sitting, and began to talk. I presume he remarked on the weather and crops, then he hopped up another step, still looking up with a “chip, chip, chip,’ soon the next step was mounted, and presently he ventured up the last step close to the feet of the Birdlover, and looking up con- fidingly into his face told a long story in chippy language. After fifteen or twenty minutes, he spread his wings and sailed away to the crooked apple tree which contained the horne nest, where he 256 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. chattered away to his less venturesome brothers and sisters, perhaps telling them of the strange bird which lived in the great white nest on the hill. Cordially, your friend MEG MERRYTHOUGHT. : ROLL OF HONOR. 1. Naomi E. Voris, Crawfordsville, Ind. 2. James Howard Binns, Adena, Ohio. 3. Leroy B. Noble, Little River, Conn. 4. Huldah C. Smith, Providence, R. I. 5. Jacob Stehman, Roherston, Pa. ANSWERS TO AUGUST PUZZLES, ENIGMA NO. 1. American Kingfisher. ENIGMA NO 2. Sandpiper. EIGHT-POINTED STAR. i 7 — 3 nes D why Yi 1 Ww 12 I R 12 B A I 4 N HeA] A 7 — KEN We Eee © Rene Pei Re ee lal @ UW E W C B B Kk E I O O R O 6 D 5 4 QUERIES.—CRESTED BIRDS. 1. Jay and Cardinal. 2. Cedar Bird. 3. Tufted Titmouse. 4. Kingfisher. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 257 MAILBAG EXTRACTS. I have put up a bird house and am making another one. There are a good many English Sparrows around here. I tacked apiece of bread on the fence, and it was eaten up pretty quick, I think the Fourth of July will be an unhappy time for the birds, because they will get scared. I am very much interested in the Bird Magazine. Wm. K. D. REYNOLDS. Berkeley, Cal. Last year about the eighth of May, I was walking in the yard, when suddenly I heard the little voice of the House Wren. I followed the voice till I found the little fellow busily hunting insects on the apple tree. Thinking he probably wished to rent a house, I went to work sawing, hammering and trying to make a house. Butasit was entirely new business to me I sawed my apron more than I did the wood. I finished the house that afternoon and nailed it up. The next day was Sunday, and when I came home from church, Mamma said, ‘Jenny and Johny have movedin.’’ I could hardly realize that such cute birds had moved in such a rude house. It was so interesting to watch them come to the house together, and Jenny go in the house and fix the straws and sticks, while Johnny would sit on some twig or the top of the house and pour forth sucha beautiful song. One day we heard some very faint chirps from the bird house, and knew the little ones had hatched. When they left we do not know. After a while Jenny seemed to be repairing the nest, and before long there were eight more little eggs in it. We saw some of those little ones leave the nest, and sucha scolding as the parents did, I have never heard before or since. It may be they were scolding because I was around. This year my uncle made me two very cute houses. I hope my Wrens will come back next year and occupy these nice homes. Naomi E. Voris, Crawfordsville, Ind. I wish to note in the magazine the discovery of two unusual nesting sites. One was a blue bird’s nest situated in a treeonalimb. I found it on May 26th with five eggs and watched them until they hatched. The old birds seemed to like the shady leafy home as much as if it were bare. The other was a catbird’s nest built in a pile of four foot wood beside the river. I was fishing on May 21st, on the opposite side of the river from the wood, when to my surprise a catbird flew down and picked up a cast off minnow head. I watched where she flew and saw her go in a large opening in a side of a pile of wood. I then poured out some earth worms and.waited. About one minute 258 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. elapsed and she returned, Seeing the worms crawling off she began pecking them all to kill them. She returned home with only one worm, and soon another catbird came back with her and got a worm. This went on about an hour until my worms gave out, and then I went across and found the nest containing four young catbirds with open mouths. They were nearly ready to fly, and when four days later, I returned with worms, they had taken their departure. It seemed as if the bluebirds and catbirds had exchanged nesting sites. ORREN W. TURNER. ENIGMA. I am a bird composed of 20 letters. As 11-8-8-7 and 1-2-18-4-19-9 were going 12-2 the 10-13-1.1 after 7 bucket of 10-9-15-13-17 they 5-11- 10, 12-20-13, 8-13-5-15 of a 12-16-17-3-19-16 which had 15-20-14-13-13 eggs 6-8 it. James Howarp Binns, Adena, Ohio. PI. Some birds that repair and use the last year’s nest. ee Enis 2. Lalwows, 3. Rideblub, 4. Slow, 5. Slagee, 6. Whakshif, 7. Targe-treescd cryflatceh. PI NUMBER 2. The sfen of the sociable little ovaspwrongs is not always dufon on the yundog or ina shub. He sometimes takes possession of a convenient leho in a reet, and has even been known to kame a meho for his ¢eldzt nose in old tnt snac. The sten is dame of rvaceso ragsess, dewes and veales, often de/zm with rahz. GLEANINGS, How falls it, Oriole, thou hast come to fly In southern splendor through our northern sky? In some blithe moment was it nature’s choice To dower a scrap of sunset with a voice? Or did some orange lily, flecked with black, In a forgotten garden, ages back, Yearning to heaven, until its wish was heard, Desire unspeakably to be a bird? EDGAR FAWCETT. NATURE BOOKS ANY BOOK PUBLISHED, FREE AS A PREMIUM The Wood Folk Series, by William J. Long. Way of Wood Folks. Fascin- ating descriptions of animals and birds as seen at play in their homes. Square 12mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Wilderness Ways. A second volume of ‘‘Ways of Wood Folks.”’ Written in the same intensely interesting style that makes its predecessor so popular. 200 ages. 75 cents. ; e ices as a premium for 2 subscribers. Secrets of the Woods, with full-page pictures, illustrative initials, and head- pieces by Charles Copeland. Square 12mo. Cloth. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. School of the Woods, with 12 full-page pictures and 300 marginal sketches, illus- trative initials, and chapter decorations by Charles Copeland. andsomely bound in cloth with a design stamped in full gold, gold tops. Square 12mo. $1.50. Given as a premium for 4 subscribers. Bird Portraits, by Ernest Seton-Thomp- son. Pictures of familiar birds by this distinguished artist, with descriptive text by Ralph Hoffman. Beautifully bound in cloth with a cover design in three col- ors, $1.50. ; Given as a premium for 5 subscribers. Mother Nature’s Children, by Allan Walter Gould. The love and care and mutual dependence of living things, from human beings down to the plants, set in an imaginative framework for children. With 200 illustrations. Square, t2mo. Cloth. 265 pages. $1.00. Given asa premium for 3 subscribers. Brooks and Brook Basin, by Alexis E. Frye. Every brook basin is regarded as a miniature world. The form of the book is astory adapted to the minds of children, in which Nature speaks for herself. With full-page illustrations. 12mo. Cloth. 11g pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Bird Homes, by A.R. Dugmore. With the nests and eggs of birds in natural col- ors, also a number of half-tone illustra- tions. Postpaid $2.00. : Given as a premium for six new subscribers. The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _bril- liance of coloring. This is a ‘‘Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.”’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interes- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least doubt as to the idenfication of a bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. Postpaid,$2 Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Life, Popular edition in colors. 12 mo. clotl: $2.00 postpaid. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds by F. M. Chapman, representing 100 Birds in their natural colors. Given as a premium for four subscribers. Birdcraft, A Field Book of Two Hund- red Song, Game and Water Birds. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With Eighty Plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Small 4to $2.50 net. Postage toc. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird World, by J. H. Stickney and Ralph Hoffman. A charming bird book for young people. With ten full-page illustrations by Ernest Thompson-Seton, Square 12 mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75c Given as a premium for three subscribers. Any of the above books will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Guide to Taxidermy NEW EDITION. Full of valuable information, with com- plete instructions how to prepare and mount BIRDS, ANIMALS and FISHES. Also a complete list of Ornithologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ supplies, valuable information for the amateur, recipes, etc. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. A POPULAR HANDBOOK OF THE Birds of United States AND CANADA. BY THOMAS NUTTALL. A new edition, complete volume. The best and most popular book on the birds of the Northern and Eastern States. This book has hitherto been made only in two vol- umes, and the price has been $7.50 net. Initsnew and handier form, it should find aplace in every household. The illustrations of the birds faithfully rendered in colors (the most beautiful plates ofthe kind since Audubon)forman important feature. $3.00 post- paid. Secure only 8 new subscribers to A. O. and GET IT FREE. CHAS. K. REED, in a single Worcester, Mass. STUDER’S Birds of North America Ry Over eight hundred birds Finely Colored ONLY $18 by express prepaid. We have only afew copies at this price. This elegant book was published to sell at Forty Dollars. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. —)—_©_©> © _©-—@-_ © © © © Methods in the Art of Taxidermy By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘Nests and Eggs of North American Birds’” 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K.Reed, Worcester, Mass. D> — DD —$—_©—_—- © © © © Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for 50c, al} good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for oc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © © 4. il zx © th ag ffG o Wii, ZG © a Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had UNDER THIS COVER Is THE 15°/, More Work on the Williams than on any other Typewriter. Special Price to Agents in unoccu- : pied territory. Trial machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. LONDON, 104 Newgate St, 310 Brceadway, NEW YORK, American Bird Magazine SPECIAL OFFER. Volumes |, 2, 3 and Subscription for 1904 FOR THREE DOLLARS. These FOUR VOLUMES will contain over 1400 pages of the most interesting and instructive bird literature, with nearly 1000 illustrations, many of them photographs of live wild birds. THE FOUR VOLUMES WILL BE SENT PREE.- PAID FOR $3.00. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. THE DOG FANCIER. ESTABLISHED 1801. A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION. The oldest, most popular and mest prosperous amateur kennel publication in America. Contains each month appropriate reading matter and illustrations of great value to every owner of a dog. Advertisers get excellent results, and the rates are very low. Covers the entire United States and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER. A sample copy will be sent free. Subscription price, soc a year. EUGENE GLASS, Publisher, Battle Creek, Mich. The Only Publication of its Kind in the World. ITS NAME TELLS ITS CONTENTS BER / ( eR CON- P Nh) TAINS > 64 | or (9, MORE Ve ‘| PAGES P| EACH MONTH Oe sa: ee) [Leos f A Journal of information for hunters, trappers and traders. Subscription $1.00 per year. Sample copy 10 cents. Special trial subscription five months for only 25 cents. Hunter-Trader-Trapper and Bird Magazine each one year for $1.50. Hunter-Trader-Trapper, Gallipolis, Ohio. HK = AS) = react STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Insurance in force Jan. 1, 1904,-.... $100,902,399.00 INSSETS emi GO iene ceases 23.249,248.36 Liabilities Jan. 1, 1904 .......---.......- 21,064,170.00 Surplus Jan. 1, 1904, ....--....-........... $2,185,078.36 A. G. BULLOCK, President. HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary WORCESTER, MASS. Game of Birds A series of fifty-two illustrations of popular birds in colors, true to nature. 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MULTISCOPE & FILM CO. su >, ERB JEFFERSON ST.- BURLINGTON, WIS. 29 Are You Prepared to Study the Birds? oe sm = BUY A GOOD FIELD GLASS. The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. 4@s-Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 The Glass and both Books............ .... POAC Ne A AAT Re 0, Ra Se eae 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. 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Pa, : If any of the above are ordered, we will send BIRDS AND NATURE free one year, 24 Forest Tree Plates, 9x12 inches, photogravures, showing trim tneenandnleatonvearehiyplate esse cee ao ance co te eran 1 00 ( BIRDS AND NATURE, 1 year and 24 Forest Tree Plates, Onliyaeree eee ee a epee cians Sea acr SaaS SPECIAL OFFERS: BIRDS AND NATURE, 1 year, and 100 color plates, our SeleCirOIay RO MMlivaon cee warge ee Ac aler alata een el sain veal eve ys 2 00 Send 10 cents for sample copy of BIRDS AND NATURE. Catalogue and List of Pictures sent free on request. Address, | A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILLS. By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with upward of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been’ so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all - ecgs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized seeronare illustration of the egg of nearly every species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. Vol. 4, No. 10. OCTOBER, 1904. 10¢ a copy, $1 a year. SS SS WS DBGBDB}DRG ype Wltflse SN Tey, SSS FOR ONLY ___ AT ONE DOLLAR EACH —_—— ; ition SWE GIVE YOU ae a5 2 Entered at the Post Office at Worcester. Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, roo1 ‘adh ial li ll ath lg yi ly lh I = When you go to the WORLD’S FAIR be sure to visit OUR = = DISPLAY which is located in the PALACE OF LIBERAL a = ARTS, at the intersection of Aisle G and Aisle 4 in Block 53, es = in the second aisle directly opposite the main entrance. = = You are cordially invited to inspect our display which is the A = ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- = = tion, and to make our exhibit your headquarters. = = > S G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO. — = ST. LOUIS, MO. > = = = DEPOTS IN = Sa New York Chicago San Francisco Es S 93 University Place. 39 State St. 819 Market St. <= PP PPO POP PP POPP PPP PP ppp ype COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONES. THE BEST TALKING MACHINES MADE. §$5 to $100 The Graphophone is the Universal Entertainer. It will Talk, Sing, Laugh and Play. It combines all instruments in one. Send for complete list of records The World-Famous Col- Aye umbia Gold Moulded Dre Cylinder Records. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS. 7 inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen. Grand Opera Records (10 inch discs only) $2.00 each. The word COLUMBIA on a Talking Machine or Record is a guarantee of merit and genuineness. Columbia Records Fit Any Make of Talking Machine. For Sale by Dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Pioneers and Leaders in the Talking Machine Art. Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. New York, Wholesale, Retail and Export, 353 Broadway. Uptown, Retail only, 872 Broadway Chicago, 88 Wabash Ave. Boston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. A CHRISTMAS REMINDER SS ge CCW A coo revo Guass The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. nas-Remember, yOu can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 hive Cy lassmancd yb Ot wsOOKSe sigs te krtcse ciel ateee isleterce cle a) pe eae) sicaca 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. g _ NEST and EGGS 4 A MAGAZINE OF : of North American Birds : By OLIVER DAVIE WESTERN ORNITHOLOGY. EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER. THE CONDOR is indispensable to every serious bird student. During 1904 THE CONDOR will be profusely illustrated with photographs of wild birds from life. More than half the magazine will be devoted to articles dealing with the popular side of ornithology—habits, life-histories, exploration—from the pens of many of the leading Ornithologists of the coun- try. Theseries of portraits of promin- ent ornithologists will be continued, and there will be numerous short notes, as usual. Have you seen the January- February issue with the full-page portrait of the California Condor, painted by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, : eS and R. H. Beck’s remarkable picture of bird — life among the Galapagos Islands? _ SUBSCRIPTION $ PER YEAR. SAMPLE COPY 0 CENTS. Back numbers and odd volumes can be My Price $1.50. Postpaid or given for four supplied. Issued bimonthly. Address, new subscribers. JOSEPH GRINNELL, Business Manager, Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass Pasadena, California. ee ee Thoroughly revised, 60_pp. Fifth Edition. Extra Cloth. Regular Price, $2.25. Ww w Y Guide to Taxidermy NEW EDITION. Full of valuable information, with com- plete instructions how to prepare and mount BIRDS. ANIMALS and FISHES. Also a complete list of Ornithologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ supplies, valuable information for the amateur, recipes, etc. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. A POPULAR HANDBOOK OF THE Birds of United States AND CANADA. BY THOMAS NUTTALL. A new edition, complete in a single volume. The best and most popular book on the birds of the Northern and Eastern States. This book has hitherto been made only in two vol- umes, and the price has been $7.50 net. Initsnew and handier form, it should find aplace in every household. The illustrations of the birds faithfully rendered in colors (the most beautiful plates ofthe kind since Audubon)form an important feature. $3.00 post- paid. Secure only 8 new subscribers to A. O. and GET IT FREE. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. STUDER’S Birds of North America 1 HN 14%) Vy Ni Over eight hundred birds , Finely Colored : (p ONLY $18 by express prepaid. We have only afew copies at this price. This elegant book was published to sell at Forty Dollars. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass, © ©_©_©— —©--© © ©_©_©—-© © Methods in the Art of Taxidermy By Oliver Davie, Author of **Nests and Eggs of North American Birds’” 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid. or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, O—-O_O—-O—O—_—- O#_O—_O—O—O Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for oc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. UU —_O_$O~ i i : ne / 7 © Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had O + >— Standard Operators Can Do 15°/, More Work on the WILL RAISE y THIS: /COVER Williams than on any other Typewritcr. s H to Agents in unoccu- Special Price gta ss machines sent to responsible parties. WILLIAMS TYPEWRITER CO., Derby, Conn. LONDON, 104 Newgate St. 310 Breadway, NEW YORK, NATRUE BOOKS ANY BOOK PUBLISHED, FREE AS A PREMIUM The Wood Folk Series, by William J. Long. Way of Wood Folks. Pascin- ating descriptions of animals and birds as seen at play in their homes. Square 12mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Wilderness Ways. A second volume of ‘‘Ways of Wood Folks.’’ Written in the same intensely interesting style that makes its predecessor so pupular. 200 pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Secrets of the Woods, with full-page pictures, illustrative initials, and head- pieces by Charles Copeland. Square 12mo. Cloth. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. School of the Woods, with 12 full-page pictures and 300 marginal sketches, illus- trative initials, and chapter decorations by “Charles Copeland. Handsomely bound in cloth with a design stamped in full gold, gold tops. Square 12mo. $1.50. Given as a premium for 4 subscribers. Bird Portraits, by Ernest Set »n-Thomp- son. Pictures of familiir birds by this distinguished artist, with descriptive text by Ralph Hoffman. Beautifully bound in cloth with a cover design in three col- ors, $1.50. Given as a premium for 5 subscribers. Mother Nature’s Children, by Allan Walter Gould. The love and care and mutual dependence of living things, from human beings down to the plants, set in an imaginative framework for children. With 200 illustrations. Square, 12mo. Cloth. 265 pages. $1.00. Given asa premium for 3 subscribers. Brooks and Brook Basin, by Alexis E. Prye. Every brook basin is regarded as a miniature world. The form of the book is astory adapted to the minds of children, in which Nature speaks for herself. With full-page illustrations. 12mo. Cloth. IIg pages. 75 cents. Given as a premium for 2 subscribers. Bird Homes, py A. R. Dugmore. With the nests and eggs of birds in natural col- ors, also a number of half-tone illustrat tions. Postpaid $2.00. Given as a premium for six new subscribers. The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _bril- liance of coloring. This is a ‘‘Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.’”’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interes- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates. and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Neighbors, by Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least. doubt as to the idenfication of a bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. Postpaid,$2 Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird Life, Popular edition in colors. 12 mo. clot]: $2.00 postpaid. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds by F. M. Chapman, representing too Birds in their natural colors. Given as a premium for four subscribers. Birdcraft, A Field Book of Two Hund- red Song, Game and Water Birds. By Mabel Osgood Wright. With Eighty Plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. Small 4to $2.50 net. Postage toc. Given as a premium for six subscribers. Bird World, by J. Ralph Hoffman. A charming bird book for young people. With ten full-page illustrations by Ernest Thompson-Seton, Square 12 mo. Cloth. 214 pages. 75¢ Given as a premium for three subscribers. H. Stickney and Any of the above books will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada, and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. 1, Il and Ill, $1 00 each =Special:—Vols. I, Il, Ill and subscription for 1904, $3.00 We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED—— VOL. IV OCTOBER, 1904. NO. 10. TWO MONTHS FREE. Anyone subscribing for the Bird Magazine now will receive, free, the remaining copies for this year and their subscription will commence with Jan. 1905. Anyone sending in two new subscriptions at $1.00 each will be given the Bird Magazine free for one year. Here is a chance to benefit both yourselves and the magazine with practically no effort. Among the most handsome, as well as interesting exhibits at the St. Louis Fair, is that of the G. Cramer Dry Plate Co. located in the Palace of Liberal Arts, block No. 53, at the intersection of Aisle Gand Aisle four. This exhibit, which is the ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND at the World’s Fair, consists of a large number of the finest photographs and a number of exquisitely beautiful transparencies, all made by the fore- most photographers and artists of this country on the famous Cramer Plate. This exhibit must be seen to be appreciated, and we would therefore strongly urge any of our readers who attend the Fair to be sure and visit this very interesting display, feeling confident that what they see there will amply repay them for their visit. The Cramer Co. have advised us that they will be much pleased to have visiting photographers to the World’s Fair call at their magnifi- cent establishment at the corner of Lemp ave and Shenandoah St., where a most cordial welcome awaits any visitor. [SSULy 919911 XIS) “SUAHSIAONIMN ONDOA ‘paott VD £q aft Wory O}OUd 260 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. THE PURPLE MARTIN. Written for American Ornithology by OLIVER DAVIE. With the exception of the little “Jennie Wren,’’ the Robin, and Blue- bird, there is scarcely any other bird that should call forth our love and claim protection about our garden and houses more than the Purple, or, as it is commonly called, “House Martin.’”’ The little Wrens keep our ears open to their lively, chattering notes; our eyes open to see their wonderful acrobatic movements up and down a tree trunk or limb, with their out-of-sight antics behind these, or through the chinks and crevices of some old barn. The Robin thrills the heart with his loud piping notes of love in the early days of blustery March, reminding us that the gentle hours of spring are at hand. The Bluebird cannot be depended upon as a weather prognosticator, for many of his tribe re- main with us all winter. It has hiding-places in hollow trees, where, when wintry winds begin blowing, when sleet and snow begin to freeze on the trunks of the forest, he retires to one of these retreats, and on every sunny day he will come forth from his log-cabin and sound his soft piccolo notes, saying, “The spring will come, the spring will come.” And we take his word for it. But the Martin, that sable-winged minstrel of mirth! Mirth and jollity are in his throat and actions; he belongs to a choir that never have had their harps tuned to sadness, tuned only for the merriment of mankind; no dirge or tears are in his notes. His song is a succession of screams and chatterings, which wind up with a clatter of rattle-bone sounds, such as is heard from the end-men at the minstrel show. Being a true swallow he is possessed of wonderful power of flight. Often on a clear summer day, when he has soared and circled as close to the blue dome of heaven as possible, one can distinctly hear those screams, chatters, and rattling bones hundreds of yards above. Often at midnight, or long after he has retired to rest in his little house, he utters these same notes, but in a more subdued tone, as if scolding his new bride, whom he has won only the day before. The Martin is an early riser; in Ohio, ia the month of June he is out of his house and on the wing about half-past three, before the first rays of the sun begin to streak the eastern sky, just as the cooling zephyrs begin to rise, when one can inhale the fresh odors of living vegetation. He retires some- times when it is so dark that it is difficult for him to find his way home. One of the economic points of value in these birds is that they live exclusively on noxious winged insects, and destroy thousands of them daily, from the most minute to the largest. I have seen them catch the common locust in mid-air, and bring the screaming insect home as AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 261 - food for their young. Of course the oldest of the young birds is al- ways the strongest, and he generally forces his way to the front door first. Here he opens his large yellow-rimmed mouth and swallows the locust while it goes down singing, probably one of Beethoven’s sonatas. I have frequently seen the parent bird bring the large-sized dragon-flies (we boys used to call them “‘snake-feeders’’) and feed them to their young, who would swallow them, wings and all. This operation, how- ever, often requires considerable time; while the youngest of the brood were kept back, their oldest brother was occupying all the space of the door, swallowing the dragon-fly. The parents will come and go, frequently without being able to feed the younger of their brood at all, ou account of the big fellow standing in front of the door struggling to swallow the dragon-fly. Besides the credit which we must give Martins for destroying harm- ful insects, and with all their other remunerative instincts, they have one which will please the farmer or any person engaged in raising poultry in rural districts. Martins will pursue and drive away hawks of the largest size. He is a wise farmer who will encourage Martins, for they will take care of the hawks, while the hens take care of their broods. The Martin arrives in Central Ohio from its winter home in South America, about the 9th day of April. This date, according to my notes of twenty years, can almost be depended on, although they sometimes reach this point as early as march 25th. The birds rear but one brood of young during the summer months, and begin to congregate (young and old) by the middle or latter part of August, this means the departure for their Southernhome. In great - troops they depart, and, like bands of gypies, they make stops along the route, according to the condition of the weather. In some of the smaller towns just at dusk one would imagine, from the number of Martins to be seen roosting under the cornices of the larger buildings, that they had come to capture the place, as Chinese sometimes do “by force of numbers.’’ But on they go, those merry troopers, those minstrels carrying their banjoes and rattle bones with them, cheering each other, for the way is long to the land of the olive and cypress, the land where wild vines of myrtle and ivy hang in fes- toons over the waters; where the Flamingo and Scarlet Ibis reflect their cardinal colors, equaling those of the setting sun. Here in these tropical gardens they make their winter home, resting at night in the hollows and cracks of the trees about them; in the day- time they feed on winged insects never known where there young were born. Here, while on the wing, they dip their bills into the waters to 262 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. quench their thirst, near the braids of hanging moss, in the land that knows no snow. Before this country was discovered, before civilized men erected dwellings for the Martin they nested, like other swallows, in hollow trees. The Indians used to-cut round holes in the old fashioned gourd; dig out the contents, fasten it to a tall pole, and raise it for the Martins. to nest in. In many places throughout the country to-day this is done, and is very interesting. The hole in the gourd should be fully three inches in diameter, and placed just high enough up on the side to leave a cup for the nest, and under the hole a twig should be fastened for the birds to alight on. A very neat and artistic Martin-house can be made in the shape of a little cottage, with from two to six rooms. ‘These should be not less than seven inches, insiae measurement. The doors should be three’ inches wide, with platforms in front of each for the birds to alight on. A gentleman in my neighborhood has one patterned after his own house of ten rooms, all the rooms being occupied every summer. A neat little two-roomed cottage like my own martin-house can be made out of any wooden box which may be found about the house or at the family grocery-store. In the neighborhood of the Ohio State University there are no less. than fifteen martin-houses, nearly all put up through the writers in- fluence. All are inhabited by birds each summer, and their owners de- clare they never would be without them. The Martin is not particular about the materials for his nest. Sticks, straws, and dry grass, which he gathers from the fields or roadways. Sometimes he alights on a tree and picks off a green leaf and carries it. to his nest. The hollow of the nest is usually back in one of of the furtherest corners of the room. I have observed that the birds work harder while building during wet weather, especially immediately after a rain. Probably the reason is, that the wet materials pack more closely than dry ones, for, upon examination, the nest will be found quite solid. Commonly from four to five narrow, white eggs are laid, rarely six- These are hatched by the middle of June, or, according to circumstances a little later, and by the middle of July the young birds begin thinking about flying, which gives the old ones great concern. As in the case of a young lad determined to leave home against the wishes of his parents, they do everything in their power to persuade him that he is not able to take care of himself. The old Martins are afraid their little ones will fall into the jaws of quadrupeds in waiting beneath. Here is the way they hold their little ones as long as they can: The AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 263 mother bird, or the father bird, will sit on the platform and blockade the door until one or the other returns with food for the babies. This is kept up until one of the youngsters break out, sometimes to alight head first on the kitchen roof, or be caught in a grape-arbor with out- spread wings. Sometimes if the little one is lucky he alights on the branch of a tree. In any case the old birds unceasingly wait upon their little ones, feeding and watching them constantly for a few days until on strong wings they can soar to cheer the old folks who bore the hard- ships of their summer’s rearing with tenderness and love. The Martins are very sociable and neighborly birds. Where there is acommunity in which there are a number of Martin-boxes, every pair of birds in that neighborhood visit one another’s home almost daily, especially after the young are born. Imagine the clatter and din from a half hundred throats of Martins flying and screaming around the homes of their community, congratu- lating each family in most emphatic terms upon the good looks and health of their babies. A truly sublime sight is to watch a troop of Martins drinking in mid- air, just beforea thunderstcrm. ‘The heat of the day has been intense; drouth has cauged vegetation to droop under a blazing sun; the air we breath is hot, as though from a furnace; the stillness of all life is most impressive. In the west there are forming great mountains of black clouds. They seem to be rolling and tumbling over one another, and coming toward us. Every now and then streaks of lightning illumine the sky, with occasional mutterings of thunder. Large drops of rain begin to fall, and far up in the air the Martins may be seen catching the liquid crystals as they fall, purer than those from any earthly fount- ain, for they have come directly from the Hand of Heaven. As far as I can learn, but one Purple Martin has been observed in central Massachusetts this year and the person who observed this one is not sure as to its identity. During the breeding season in 1903 several weeks of continued rainy and cold weather appear to have killed off all the young birds and to have caused all the old ones to leave and many to perish. Owing to the scarcity of insect life they are unable to get food for either themselves or their young and whole houses full of young were found to have perished. In some cases a few of the adults returned after the weather had cleared up but they did not stay 264 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. or attempt to rear another brood during the season. But it was with much surprise that bird lovers found that none of the beautiful Martins were to return this year and many would like to know how they have fared in other sections of the country. Will any of our subscribers who can give any information on this point write and let us know if the usual numbers or if any Martins have been seen by them this season. We would like especially to know if they are more abundant than usual in any locality to account for those which should haye returned to Massa- chusetts and did not. POD] a ON Pars TONY Leeta TONY Fara NY AG ON ata SDT Cahn DY Lats NY ee TA vet es ci a H * j | i i sey sete | Aa SU iisen neat sss Pua c ie si Ee Pia = SZ Ne) LEACH PETREL. 266 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. All day long they fly, on tireless wings, like a hawk or gull, now skim- ing like a swallow, but rarely seen at any considerable elevation above the water. However turbulent the water, they will follow exactly the risings and fallings of the waves, now just skimming above the crest of a hill of water, then skimming down its incline with the precision of a machine so exactly do they maintain their distance above the water. All this time their eager eyes are searching in every direction for something edible, upon seeing which they go pattering towards it, literally running on the water; if the supply of food is large they will settle in the water in the midst of it, but if only a small scrap is found they gather it up in their bill while still on the wing and continue their endless flight. Their food consists of oily scraps of any substance they may find; what they usually find is uncertain for their stomach has not been found to contain anything other than a yellowish oily fluid, but certainly they are very fond of fish liver. They seem to always live at peace with each other and with other birds for even when sev- eral of them are excitedly gathering up scraps ot food, never a word of complaint or anger is uttered by any of them, “even when one gets a piece from right under the bill of another. Sometimes during long continued storms they become exhausted from hunger and some per- ish and their little bodies wash ashore and again when weakened by hunger they may be blown inland with the storm they are unable to combat, and sometimes found many miles from the seacoast. This summer I was fortunate in being able to spend a week 9n Duck Island, asmall island near Mount Desert off the Maine coast. The trip was made especially to study and photograph the large Herring Gull colony that inhabits this island, consequently it was with added delight that we found that the island was also densely ate with Leach Petrels. Arriving at Southwest Harbor at about ten o’clock in the morning we soon had engaged the services of a fisherman to take us out to the island in his gasoline launch although he was very chary about ventur- ing outside in the very dense fog which made it impossible to see a boat’s length ahead. By following the deep sound of the fog whistle which bellowed at frequent intervals from the lighthouse on the island we were enabled to keep in the right direction and at last sighted the island, not however, so dense was the fog, until several minutes after we had first heard the waves breaking on the rocky shores. “ISHN GNV THalad HOVAT ‘peasy “V “0 4q ajt] wo1} OJON 267 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 268 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY We made our headquarters at the cottage of Mr. Van Horn, a lobster fisherman and the only human resident on the island with the excep- tion of the three lighthouse keepers and their families. Seldom has it been our fortune to find a host so genial and obliging; his only fear seemed to be that he could not do enough for our comfort. From the house the only signs of bird life to be seen were Barn and Tree Swallows, Song Sparrows and occasionally a Herring Gull lazily flapping his way over the water, or a Black Guillemot rapidly flying over the waves. By listening intently, above the roar of the breakers could be heard the harsh discordant cries of the large colony of Gulls on the other side of the island. The fog had now cleared away some but it was still impossible to see beyond a quarter of a mile and all ob- jects at a nearer distance were hazy. During the five days that we were on the island, the first four were very foggy and it was only on the morning of the fifth when we were »dbliged to return home that the sun appeared brightly above the horizon. We had gone but a few hundred yards along the shore when we were greeted by a faint Petrel odor, a disagreeable odor that is always found about their nests and that is always retained by the birds or eggs after years in a cabinet.. Upon investigation we found numerous small holes in the ground, varying from two to three inches in diameter; most of them were located under roots, stumps or overhanging stones but a little farther on we found that the ground was literally honey- combed with the entrances to their little burrows. But for the presence of the holes and the faint odor, scarcely percep- tible when standing up, one would not dream of the hidden bird city - that they were walking over. Nota Petrel was to be seen and at no time during our stay did we see a Petrel on the wing of his own ac- cord. We dug out perhaps ten of the burrows in order to get the pho- tographs that we wanted. At the end of each was a single Petrel sit- ting on a single white egg; in only one of them were two of the birds found together. It is a customery habit of this species for one of the birds to sit on the egg during the daytime while its mate is roaming about over the water in search of food, returning at dusk to relieve his - weary partner and allow her to get her meals. The ground in the sections of the island most frequented by the Petrels is of a soft peaty nature, covered with grass or pine needles for the holes are very numerous in the groves of pines on the island. None of the burrows, many of which were very fresh and must have been made this year, showed any signs of the dirt which was removed when digging, and if as indicated, they had carried it by mouthfulls to dump over the edge AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 269 of the cliff, their task must have been a very laborious one, unless, as the small boy said of the Chipmunk, ‘they began at the other end.’ The burrows varied in length from about eight to thirty inches and terminated in a larger chamber to give the occupant room in which to turn about. Most of them had a scant lining of fine black rootlets up- on which the single egg was laid. At this time the week of July eighteenth, nearly all the eggs appeared to be nearly ready to hatch although we did not find a single nest with a young bird in it. When the nests were opened the old birds huddled back in the darkest cor- ners, creeping about like gray mice and seeming to be rather dazed by the sudden exposure to the light. Some of them immediately com- menced digging and the progress that they made was amazing. They seemed to use both their bill and feet, the former after the manner of a pickaxe and the latter as shovels; it took only a few minutes for them to tunnel in so as to be completely out of sight. When taken in the hand they offered but little resistance beyond sometimes ejecting from the mouth the offensive oily yellowish fluid upon which they feed their young. When placed on the ground they waddled, or perhaps crawled would better express the mauner of their locomotion, back into their burrows; only two of them rose in flight from the ground, indeed, it seems to be cuite a difficult matter for them to get the necessary spring to successfully launch themselves into the air, from terra firma; the surface of the water along which they go pattering with their little feet is much more to their liking. When thrown into the air they would give a couple vigorous flaps with their wings and then swoop out of sight over the face of the cliff. My attempts to successfully photograph them when thus flying were rather futile, for upon first starting their flight, they pursued such a devious course and got out of range so quickly that they were gone before I could get a satisfac- tory focus on them. None of the birds handled or seen made the slightest sound, but at night we could frequently hear them as they went to and fro from one nest which was located within ten feet of the house, under a large rock. Their notes are very similar to the twittering of a flock of Swallows. 270 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. GABBA S399 9656S AAABGBB SBE SBSH SESSSeBeSe6HBBe SSS SBS BSS ce el ll |e esl ell ol |r ele | ll ll] ll el ll es el FREESE tt 5a |e Hf EAE ae | lle | ee] ell | ly ese sc cso ls) | esl le | el cs a | seis) so lS sl es ls lea ls || | LEACH PETREL. {When released from the land they scaled gracefully over the edge of the cliff.} | |e ll || la] et ll es el ly ll ly ie se ee ee) eye yo oe | | | oo ll || | | sl a cl |All oe] ele ell | ls els es] ele el ele wl E AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 27a ee Sas < a See = ”. aes | G Possess a — By BERTON MERCER. During the course of an extended walk through the country one surii- mer morning, I came to a deep cut where the road passed between very high banks. They were composed of a mixture of sandy material and reddish clay, and were covered with a growth of coarse grass and Scrub trees. Noticing an unusually large number of swallows circling in the air, | watched them for a time and presently saw one of them fly direct to the bank and disappear in a small opening near the top. Investi- gation revealed the presence of about fifty burrows scattered over the face of the bank, beginning about twelve feet from the base and rang- ing from there to the summit. These ranged in depth from six inches to two feet. The entrance in most cases was oval in shape, and the tunnel ran straight back with a slight depression at the far end. Some of the nests (for such they were) had a slight lining of dried grass, while other occupants were content to use the bare sand. This unexpected discovery was evidently made in the height of their breeding season, as uearly all the nests contained eggs, ranging im nnmber from three to six. The eggs when fresh were pearly white, or when held up to the light, had a pink tint, owing to the frail nature of the shell. When partly incubated they became much soiled from con- tact with the damp sand. The birds did not seem to mind my presence and continued to fly around in careless unconcern while I made an ex- amination of almost every nest in the settlement. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. RINGED KINGFISHER. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 273 r dodo } 3° or". A.O.U.No 39111 (Ceryle torqua‘a.) RANGE, Found in the United States only in southern Arizona and Texas. DESCRIPTION. Similar in coloration to the common Belted Kingfisher but much larger averaging fifteen or sixteen in. in length; the underparts back of the bluish gray breast band are a uniform chestnut, this color extending to the lining of the wings; the bluish: gray color of the back and breast band is a great deal brighter than that of the common Kingfisher; the bill is even longer_and heavier in proportion than that of our native bird. HABITS. The Ringed or Rufous-breasted Kingfisher is the largest and perhaps the most handsome of the species found on the American Continent. It is met with quite often in Central America and in common in South America. Like the commonly known species they are always found in the vicinity of water and also live almost exclusively upon fish which they catch by diving or dropping upon from an elevation over the water. Their loud rattling cry, uttered as they go from point to point over the water is said to indistinguishable from that of the Belted Kingfisher. . They are tropical birds and become scarcer and scarcer aS we go north, and while quite rare over our borders they are apt to occur at any time during the summer. UNDERGROUND TENANTS. Last June a friend, while roaming about on the edge of some woods, suddenly felt the earth giving away beneath his feet and sprang to one side just in time, as he soon found, to avoid treading upon a whole family of little Kingfishers. Probably the old birds had misjudged the thickness of the earth and had made the roof of their underground house too high for there was scarcely half an inch of thickness of dirt separating their home from the outer world. The next day he was very enthusiastic in his description of how handsome they were and AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 274 "IHNNOL ONIAVA'I AHHSIFONIM LIAdGV “paayt “Vy *O £q ast ory OJON AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BUS) how well behaved they were while sitting on the edge of a large stone where he placed them while he repaired the damage that he had unwittingly done. A flat stone was carefully placed over the roomy cavity and dirt packed on top of that so as to render it inconspicious and then it was much more secure than it was as the birds had left it; the birds were then released one at a time at the entrance of the tunnel and safely found their way home. We found that they were still at home when we visited the place a week later armed with cameras and paraphernalia for making pictures. Before looking at the little ones the camera was placed on arock within about five feet of the entrance and carefully focussed. It was then covered with a gray cloth so as to have the same general color and shape as the surrounding stones, and a long rubber tubing was run to a sheltering clump of bushes about twenty yards in front. A few minutes after we had comfortably seated ourselves in the ambush, a warning rattle was heard from the bed of the brook and soon this was repeated from the edge of the woods close to us. Guided by the sound we soon located her perched ona one of the lower branches of an oak, and as we had expected, with a small fish in her beak. That she was suspicious was easily seen by the anxious and frequent rattlings and the curious bobbing up and down of her tail, much like the charac- teristic motion of the Spotted Sandpiper. It was clear that she saw that an addition had been made to the landscape about her home and she did not relish the change, but as she steadily watched it and saw that it did not move or show Signs of life, her fears were allayed. At times she would turn the fish about in her bill and once, at least, tossed it in the air and deftly caught it again in a new position. Finally she darted towards the small hole in the bank, but much to my surprise, in- stead of stopping on one of the several twigs about the entrance, she dashed right in without a pause and as I was not prepared to take mév- ing pictures I let her go trusting to get her image on the pfate when she came out. She remained within her house about three minutes and then suddenly her tail feathers appeared in the doorway and she had darted out with the speed of light. We waited for her to come back and feed her young three times and each time she entered without a pause, fed her charges and then backed out of the tunnel, which was about three feet in length, and flew away so quickly that there was no chance for a satisfactory picture. The one shown was made in one-five hundredths of a second, the bulb being squeezed when the tail feathers came in sight, thus getting her just as she was about to turn to fly. When we lifted the stone that served as a roof to their hone, we dis- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 276 ‘pao “Vv “0 4q 0}04d “SHAHSIAONIM ONNQOA AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 20d closed a beautiful sight; contrasting with the dark brown earth and re- lieved by the snowy white collars, the backs and crests of the little ones appeared a delicate shade of blue; six sharple pointed beaks were turned with one accord in our direction and twelve bright brown eyes blinked there surprise at our intrusion. ‘They proved very tractable and like a company of soldiers would stand in line wherever we placed them. Two of them were a little unruly and showed considerable animosity toward each other, one grabbing the other by the wing and the latter retaliating by vigorously pecking his brother. Peace in the family was restored by separating the beligerants and then they kindly allowed us to make a series of views of them in various attitudes and groups. They were at this time in full plumage, nearly as large as their parents and would probably have left the nest on the day that we visited them had they not been disturbed. We left them as we found them snugly ensconced at the end of their burrow and safely protected from rodents and inclement weather by the stone roof. 278 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. THE BLUE JAY. About a week before Christmas I observed a Blue Jay in a neighbor- ing yard and thought how nice it would be if we could secure him and his mate for a daily visitor through the dreary winter, so arming my- self with a plentiful supply of crumbs, I crossed the road and under the tree where I first saw him I scattered a few crumbs and as I retraced my steps, dropped a few more and when I reached the window boxes of my own home I covered two of these with the remaining crumbs as tempting a feast as any bird could wish. I did not see any more of him that day but the next morning he came to my window. Very shy indeed, at first, just alighting for a morsel and then away to a neighboring tree to devour it more leisurely. The next day another came and soon another and another till in less than a fortnight I had ten of those feathed beauties that took breakfast at my window every morning. Then began in earnest my study of the Blue Jay. I had always been his triend and could not believe many of the scandalous stories told of him. First I studies his tastes and found him quite an epicure in his way. He cared but little for corn and oats and mush of any kind he would not touch but pieces of toasted bread and bits of fat were his espearal dainties. One day I put on the boxes some scraps from leaf lard and suet with bits of toast. Two of the birds that morning took pieces of the bread, thrust them into the fat until thoroughly covered and then flew away: In that way this pair took their breakpast. My ten Blue Jays were blessed with good appetites and if given what they liked best would carry away a large amount in a short time. They are very fond of trimmings of steak and other pieces of suet but lean meat was not to theirfancies. They came for their daily meal about eight in the morning and though they took occasional lunches during the day, they never called for food except in the morning: If their call of “Jay Jay’’ did not bring their food promptly, some of the bolder ones would pick on the window panes with their bills, and stormy mornings they came some earlier aud went away hastily. One pleasant day I noticed my flock in some trees near the house. It seemed to be a social gathering where each bird did something for amusement. Some were pruning their feathers, others were hopping from branch to branch uttering their weird call and others were busy picking something from the trees. I determined to find out what it was and on examining the trees on which they were at work, I found eggs of the tent moth encircling the tender branches. One great point scored by my Blue Jay friend. The birds were not nearly as pugnacious towards the English Sparrows or toward each AMERICAN ORNITIUOLOGY. 270 other as I have seen many other birds appear. Soon after the middle of February I noticed different notes in his call and I found too when he uttered these, he moved up and down on the branch where he rested. It seemed as if the rising and falling helped him in the utterance of them. It is a call peculiar to himself and not one he makes to mimic other birds. My birds were slender and graceful when first they came but before winter had nearly gone many had grown quite portly and assumed’ a kind of dignity peculiar to fleshy people. As the warm days of Aprik came they returned less and less frequently, and at last, toward the middle of the month we thought our winter friends had flown. One morning the last of April I looked out and the ten beauties were scattered among the trees, calling to each other. Such a noisy con- course it was, but discordant as it appeared to be, we all enjoyd this farewell visit, as it proved to be. It has been said that the Jay lays her eggs in the nest of other birds, but this is not true as I have seen their nest and eggs. Itis usually built ina tree-crotch fifteen or twenty feet from the ground. It is rather a rude structure built of twigs and strong roots but the lining of the nest is much finer than the outside. The nests I examined were in a scrub oak and cedar but we found . another in a maple too high for inspection. The eggs four or six in number, are pale olive gray, dotted with cinnamon brown. Both the male and female help each other in building the nest and their family: relations seem as happy as those of other birds as far as I can see. The Jay is an insectivorous bird and also very fond of fine seeds suchz as he finds in many noxious weeds, and while these food supplies cam be found he will not visit the hauntsof man. Thus he not only destroys many injurious insects but prevents the spread of numerous weeds. He is said devour young birds and eggs, but statistics show that these are not his regular diet, for out of two hundred and eighty stomachs examined only three showed traces'of eggs and two of young birds. I have found it impossible to attract Jays to the house, while their natural food supply can be obtained. When deep snows lie upon the ground they are driven to seek elsewhere, and then will take any kind of food gratefully. B. M, Parures, Oxford, Me. RS 280 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. aS HAT = WITH pace “FRIENDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My Dear YouNG FOoLks: One of the little lads who belongs in our corner was disappointed when the postman brought his August Bird Magazine, and again when the September number came. I will tell you why, for other lads and lasses have been disappointed in the same way. On the first day of August we received a list of correct answers to the July puzzles, with the request that the writer’s name be placed upon August Roll of Honer. On that date, not only the Bird Chats for Au- gust, but also for September were already in the publisher’s hands. Two months seems to you a long time to wait doesn’t it? But I hope you will send in your replies and cultivate patience. Our summer friends have flown away and we shall again coax our winter visitors to be sociable and friendly. Write to us of your suc- cess. Some of you taught the birds to be very tame during last win- ter’s cold and snow. | Cordially Your Friend, MEG MERRYTHOUGHT. ROLL OF HONOR. Arthur D. Stout, Plainfield, New Jersey. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I. Leroy B. Noble, Little River, Conn. ANSWERS TO SEPTEMBER PUZZLES. ENIGMA. Louisiana Water Thrush. Pi. No. 1. Some birds that repair and use the last year’s nest. 1. Wren, 2. Swallow, 3. Bluebird, 4. Owls, 5. Eagles, 6. Fish-hawks, 7. Great-crested Flycatcher. Pi. Nos2 12 Nest; 2; Songsparcow, 3. found. 4. crolnd om onsie AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 281 6. hole, 7. tree, 8. make, 9. home, 10. little, 11. ones, 12. tin, 13. cans 14. nest, 15. made, 16. coarse, 17. grasses, 18. weeds, 19. leaves, 20. lined, 21. hair. FEATHERS FOR A KING. The natives of the Hawaian Islands adorn themselves on gala days with long wreaths called “‘lei,’’ made of bright flowers or feathers. These are twined about their heads, necks, waists, or arms. Before the United States gained possession of the islands, a lei worn only by members of the royal family was made of the feathers from a bird call- ed the Oo. Each bird supplies but two of the valuable feathers, which are a bright yellow the royal color of Hawaii. A lei made of these rare feathers is valued at several hundred dollars. WHAT WAS HIS NAME? Marjory ran into the house one evening in June, calling to us to come out and see what had happened to the young robins in the nest just above the house on the edge of the wood. It was too dark to see into the thicket, but there were sounds of a loud scolding and sharp calls of alarm, it must be Robin calling “Come, quick! quick.” Then came a sound like the cry of a child. Had Robin avenged himself? Again, a new note came through the darkness, this time it sounded as if Joe’s guinea hens were out for an evening walk. This was followed by such a succession of strange sounds, whistling, mewing, clucking and scolding. We were unable to find the mocker, but at intervals all night long we heard the curious sounds. ‘The next morning we station- ed ourselves in the midst of the tangled bushes, resolved to solve the mystery, and after long waiting were rewarded by several fleeting glimpses of the imposter. Our uncanny seranader proved to be a good sized olive green bird, with bright yellow throat and breast, belly white and a white line over his eye, and a black beak, and he is strangely named a ‘‘warbler.”’ He dashed by us with drooping wings and tail, with feet extended behind him like a heron’s in a most innocent manner. It was hard to believe that this handsome fellow was the author of such a Babel, neither did it seem as if he could belong to the family of the tiny wood warblers. A few weeks later we found among the briars, about as high as our head, a bulky nest of leaves, bark and dead twigs, lined with fine grasses and containing three pinkish white eggs, blotched with spots of reddish brown. Who will tell us the name ot this midnight prowler? 282 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. NUMERICAL ENIGMA. 7-11-11-10-2 sat beneath the large 1-2-3-7-5 tree to 5-2-4-3 a book written by 3-7-5-9-10-11. From the woods 11-2-7-5 by some large birds called 1-4-9, 1-7-6- Some 3-2-7-5 little goldfinches sang cheerily as they ate seeds from the 6-2-2-3-13 at her feet. A row of 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10- 11-12-13 whispered above her head on a branch, and old 3-7-11 the dog 5-4-11 up to her 6-4-12-12-10-11-12 his tail. In the field a 6-7-10-11 loaded with grain 3-5-4-9-11 by a yoke of red oxen creaked and creaked. Suddenly a drop of 5-7-10-11 fell splash, upon the page before her. She 5-7-11 quickly to the house lest the 5-4-10.11 should spoil the 11-2- 6 hat she was 6-2-4-5-10-11-12. Give five reasons why we should care for and protect the birds. Five reasons from those you give will be given in the December Bird Chats. GLEANINGS, “Then come those peaceful gorgeous days when the earth seems like a fairy bubble reflecting a thousand tints too lovely to be lost.’’ But summer wanes, and autumn approaches. The songsters of the seedtime are silent at the reaping of the harvest. Other minstrels take up the strain. All the songs of the spring and summer appear to be floating, softened and refined in the upper air. The birds, in a new, but less holiday suit, turn their faces southward. The swallows flock and go, silently and unobserved, the thrushes go. Autumn arrives, bringing finches, warblers, sparrows and kinglets from the north. Silently the procession passes. JOHN BURROUGHS. MIDSUMMER BARGAINS. ORNITHOLOGY. We have a fine line of bird books, Ornithological and Oological Magazines and Pamphlets, all of which we offer at reduced prices. Send for complete list if you wish to purchase. MINERALOGY. We have 200 kinds of Min- erals and Rocks, in small specimens at 4c. each, or in High School size for 10c. each. Full list free. Over 150 volumes on Geology and Paleontology, including the finest illustrated works obtainable, at low rates. BOTANY. A full line of Botany books will be offered very low. A new library just pur- chased. A collection of 900 mounted speci- mens of Marine Algea just being offered for sale. CONCHOLOGY. Our stock in this branch covers over a quarter of a million specimens from every part of the world. Almost every genera represented. Write for lists if you have or wish to form _a collection. Some specially fine Polished Shells just received. CURI Under this head we group a great variety of objects, such as Indian rel- ics, both ancient and modern, marine speci- mens both wet and dry, sponges, corals, sea beans, fossils, and handreds of interesting objects which go to make up handsome and interesting CURIO CABINETS. 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Fifty cents entitles you to a year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es- tablished is 1895 and has the largest circula- tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world, and in size has no rival. Rates small, results large. It will pay you to write us about it. Our motto: ~The best and lots of it.” | Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher, Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. Send 5c. for membership card American Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem- bers all parts of the world. Try it. Do You Need a Few ? > Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note books. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. I desire to send sample free to all interested. Address, GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The eet Cheapest and most popu- ar ‘“ BIRD” PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, ERNEST H. SHORT, Editor and Manager Chili, N. Y. WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D.C. send for Notice: All Lovers of Birds and Eggs will please send name and address to Dr. S. D. Luther & Son, Fayetteville, Ark. for in- sertion in our Ornithologists’ and Oologists’ Directory. We want every subscriber of this magazine to comply with this request, as we desire this Directory to be complete, and to serve as a medium of exchange. be- tween all of the bird lovers in the U, S., East, West, North and South. If you desire to ad- vance this fascinating Nature Study to the position, which it deserves, then write us to- day. Your insertion is free gratis. Special ads. at reasonable rates. Subscriptions will be received at once, but no cash remittances will be accepted, until all names are in; at which time all will be given due notice. Ad- dress all communications to DR. 8. D. LUTHER & SON, Box 162, Fayetteville, Ark. The Moth Book. ‘BY W. J. HOLLAND. Fully illustrated by color photog- raphy. The illustrations of the moths are natural size and the coloring is With this book it is easy to identify any moth at a glance. It is by far the best work on moths ever published. ¢4.00 PREPAID. CHAS. K. REED, perfect. Worcester, Mass. BIRD-LORE A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Study and Protection of Birds Published for the Audubon Societies as the official organ of the Societies Edited by FRANK M. CHAPMAN Audubon Department edited by MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT and WILLIAM DUTCHER BIRD-LORE’S Motto: A Bird inthe Bush is Worth Two in the Hand. Brirp-LORE began in its December issue, the publication of a series of Beautiful Colored Plates, drawn by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and Bruce Horsfall, accurately represent- ing all the plumages of North American Warblers, with text from records in the Biologi- cal Survey giving the dates of migra- tion of Warblers at hundreds of local- ities. Sm. Until the supply is exhausted this number will be given free to all subscribers to Vol. VI of BrrpD-LORE, begining Feb. 1, 1904. fs>W hen in doubt write to a member of BIRD-LORE’S Advisory Council. 20 CENTS A NUMBER; $1.00 A YEAR. Published for the Audubon Societies by the Macmillan Company, 66 Fifth Ave., New York City. We Want Ornithologists to write for our free catalog. We teach Taxidermy in all its branches BY MAIL. Complete course in 15 les- sons, at reasonable cost. Every bird-lover and na- turalist should be able to properly mount specimens. Are you interested? Your ! ; name on a postal brings lit- erature. Write today. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY. 460 Bee Building, Omaha, Neb. JAMES P. BABBITT, — DEALER IN — | Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Specialty. TAUNTON, MASS. Bargain Lists free upon application. Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- Covers the entire field of Western Sports by land and sea MONTHLY DEPARTMENTS Hunting and Shooting Fish and Fishing Game Protection Physical Culture plies 10c. Golf Automobiling Tennis Yachting SS Lee Canoeing Athletics e FesndTap Gunn Ga Nae Naturalist Supply Depot Natural History The Dog Vs ; Adventure Fiction G Club Life Photography DIBALERS Us! 150 pages beautifully fllustrated. 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Game of Birds A series of fifty-two illustrations of popular birds in colors, true to. nature. > Are you preparing to use them in your school the very first of the term? They are interesting, helpful, and instructive, Send Three Two-cent stamps for catalog contain- , we é 3 ing a thousand miniature illustrations, two pic- ‘ tures and a picture in three colors. 3 : Ghe Perri THEY COST ONLY ) ONE CENT EACH Pictures For 25 or More. 120 for $1.00 Would you learn—and_ teach—about the World’s Great Paintings? SUBSCRIBE FOR The PERRY MAGAZINE - $1.00 a year. Monthly except July and August. Are your pupils interested in Bird Study? Send for a collection of Birds in natural colors. Two cents each for thirteen or more. THE PERRY PICTURE COMPANY Box 413 Malden, Mass. Send all mail orders to Malden Tremont Temple, Boston, 146 Fifth Ave., New York, PHARAOH’S HORSES. BIRDS AND NATURE, one year............... 0.2.00... ccc cece eee $1.50 Monthly ; 48 pages, 8x10 inches. A magazine devoted to nature, and illustrated by coior photography. It is the only periodical in the world which publishes pictures of birds, animals, insects, flowers, plants, etc., in natural colors. Eight full-page plates each month. “ Certainly no periodical and probably no book, on birds ever found anything like such favor with the public as BIRDS AND NATURE.’ —Hvening Post, New York. 77 back numbers BIRDS AND NATURE and remaining numbers for 1904... 10 00 15 Single volumes BIRDS AND NATURE, $1.50 each, cloth full set......... 15 00 7 Double volumes BIRDS AND NATuR, €3.00 each, 1-2 morocco, full set.. 14 00 648 Color Plates from BIRDS AND NATURE, 2 cents each, full set........... 6 48 AMONG GREEN TREES, by Julia Ellen Rogers. 200 illustrations, : photogravures and NDS COMES Het Pac ee one ete Ee cae, Sete ace eee 3 00 * You have made not only the best tree book we have for the purpose of the nature lover, but the only tree book that approaches the tree in the right spirit... — Professor S. OC. Schmuck- er, State Normal School, West Chester. Pa, i If any of the above are ordered, we will send BIRDS AND NATURE free one year, 24 Forest Tree Plates, 9x12 inches, photogravures, showing trunk, tree, and leaf on each plate.................. 0.00 e ee cece eee 1 00 eee AND NATURE, 1 year and 24 Forest Tree Plates, CORA Ny ape eee ree ee a Naa yr ate EN OMY RL elec baa saath 2 00 SPECIAL OFFERS: ; BIRDS AND NATURE, 1 year, and 100 color plates, our Sele chlomenomiliye ean ete c clo csic eather s Se ea euteea hie 2 00 Send 10 cents for sample copy of BIRDS AND NATURE. Catalogue and List of Pictures sent free on request. Address, A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILLS. RR Re ee ( FOR CHRISTMAS ) COLOR KEY % TO North American Birds By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with upward of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, cloth, $2.50. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. a So ice Ie A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every fe species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. LS EEE Vol. 4, No. 11. NOVEMBER, 1904. 10¢ a copy, $1 a year. Y ML CHRISTMAS COMBINATION COLOR KEY TO N. A. BIRDS By FRANK M. CHAPMAN. $2.50 POSTPAID Or $3.00 with one year’s subscription to this magazine. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED. $2.50 POSTPAID Or $3.00 with one year’s subscription. BOTH BOOKS AND MAGAZINE ONE YEAR FOR $5. BOTH BOOKS AND FOUR VOLUMES Of Magazines nicely bound in cloth FOR $8.00 prepaid. ($11.00 for $8.00.) BIRD GLASS 85-00 PREPAID OR WITH BOTH BOOKS $8.00 $12.00 WILL PAY FOR ALL OF THE ABOVE AND A YEAR’S SUBSCRIP- TION FOR 1905.T0.THE BIRD MAGAZINE: FOR NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER ONLY. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, 1qo01 Lin Diana vali ial cls vel ut ail i incl ely hdl When you go to the WORLD’S FAIR be sure to viet OUR DISPLAY which is located in the PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS, at the intersection of Aisle G and Aisle 4 in Block 53, in the second aisle directly opposite the main entrance. You are cordially invited to inspect our display which is the ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND atthe Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion, and to make our exhibit your headquarters. G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO. ST. LOUIS, MO. DEPOTS IN — New York Chicago San Francisco 93 University Place. 39 State St. 819 Market St. is ene oe BIRDS AND NATURE, one year.:.....0..0..2. 222.) ee $1.50 Monthly ; 48 pages, 8x10 inches. A magazine devoted to nature, and illustrated by coior photography. It is the only periodical in the world which publishes pictures of birds, animals, insects, flowers, plants, etc., in natural colors.. Eight full-page plates each month. a@erainly, no periodical and probably no book, on birds ever found anything like such favor with the public as BIRDS AND NaTuRE.’’—Hvening Post, New York. 77 back numbers BIRDS AND NATURE and remaining numbers for 1904... 10 00 15 Single volumes BIRDS AND NATURE, $1.50 each, cloth Tull Sete 15 GO 7 Double volumes BIRDS AND Natur, £3.00 each, IED morocco, full set.. 14 00 648 Color Plates from BIRDS AND NATURE, 2 cents each, tulliset. 2. esa 6 48 AMONG GREEN TREES, by Julia Ellen Rogers. 200 illustrations, photogravures and halt=tom@swy.cs% Jae. Sos Sees ood we oe eee 3 00 * You have made not only the best tree book we have for the purpose of the nature lover, but the only tree b»ok that approaches the tree in the right spirit." —Professor S. C. Schmuck- er, State Normal School, West Chester. Pa, If any of the above are ordered, we will send BrRDS AND NATURE free one year, 24 Forest Tree Plates, 9x12 inches, photogravures, showing trumike trees andwleation eachuplatese ae. asec eee ee eee 1 00 oe AND NATURE, | year and 24 Forest Tree Plates, oie CON GY fines See ee cae RE Merl iin een ancy Senne Rig g'c'o.0's 0 0 oc 2 00 SPECI OP SESS) Bopp Las NATURE, 1 year, and 100 color plates, our _ selection, OM] Yic.3 sce ee neak cle ele enor eee ee 2 00 Send 10 cents for sample copy of BIRDS AND NATURE. Catalogue and List of Pictures sent free on request. Address, A. W. MUMFORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILLS. LANTERN SLIDES WE HAVE LISTED BELOW AS FINE A isl OF SLIDES OF BIRDS As have ever been offered. PHOTOGRAPHED DIRECTLY FROM LIFE. Every one of them is 50 CENTS EACH, $5.00 PER DOZEN OR FINELY COLORED, $1.00 EACH, $10.00 PER DOZEN. 1 Chippy Family (6 Chipping Sparrows). 2 Preparing Breakfast (6 Chipping Sparrows.) 3 Woodcock on Nest. 4 Nest and Eggs of Woodcock 5 Three Young Woodcock. 6 Ruffed Grouse on Nest. 7 Nest ani Eggs of Ruffed Grouse. 8 House Wren (male). 9 House Wren (female). to Cedar Waxwings Feeding Young, tr Cedar Waxwing on Nest. 12 American Redstart (male) Feeding Young. r3 American Redstart (female) and Nest. 14 Prairie Warbler (male) Feeding Young. 15 Prairie Warbler (female) and Nest. 16 Red-eyed Vireo on Nest 17 Red-eyed Vireo Feeding Young. 18 Wilson’s Thrush and Nest with Eggs. 19 Wilsons Thrush Feeding Young. 20 Chestnut-sided Warbler on Nest. 21 Ovenbird and Nest. 22 Black and White Warbler on Nest. 23 Field Sparrow Feeding Young. 24 Field Sparrow Cleaning Nest. 25 Young Field Sparrow. 26 Nest and Eggs of Grasshopper Sparrow. 27 Grasshopper Sparrow on Nest. 28 Nest and Eggs of Bob White. 29 American Robin on Nest. 30 American Robin Feeding Young. 31 Five Young Chickadees. 32, Chickadee at Nest in Bird House. 33 Chickadee at Nest in Tree. 34 Brown Thrasher. 35 Brown Thrasher on Nest. 36 Wood Thrush on Nest. 37 Young Wood Thrush. 38 Pigeon Hawk. 39 Bluebird at Nest Hole. 40 Barred Owl. Screech Owl. Four Young Screech Owls. Young Blue Jays. Blue Jays in Nests. Blue Jay Feeding Young Loggerhead Shrike. Phoebe on Nest. Hairy Woodpecker. Chimney Swift. Four Young Crows. Arizona Jays. Rocky Mountain Jay. Bluebird Feeding Young. Young Bank Swallows. Young Bobolinks. Seven Young Kingfishers. Young Kingfishers. Barn Owl. Barn Swallows (pair). Kingbird and Young. Kingbird and Nest. Young Kingbirds. Young Goldfinches. Yellow Warbler and Young. Catbird on Nest. Gila Woodpecker. Wood Pewee on Nest. Young Spotted Sandpipers. Flicker at Nest Hole. Flicker leaving Nest. Young Baltimore Oriole. Yellow- breasted Chats. Robin Feeding Young. Young Red-wing Blackbirds. Young Wood Pewee 6 Young Robin. Young Green Herons Young Shrikes. Red-headed Woodpecker. Bush-Tit and Nest. ADDRARSS CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass i aS fat Gita NATURE BOOKS. The Land-Birds and Game-Birds of New England. By Henry D. Minot. Third edition, edited by William Brewster. Illustrated. . 8vo, $3.50, postpaid. H.M. & Co. A Guide to the Birds of New England and Eastern New York. By Ralph Hoff- mann. With four full-page illustrations by L. A. Fuertes and nearly 100 cuts in the text. 12mo, $1.50, postpaid. H.M. & Co. A complete guide to the iden- tification of birds in the field, treating of more than 250 land and water species. The Game Birds of North America. By Frank A. Bates. Illustrated. A des- criptive check list. Cloth, 16mo, 444x7 inches, price $1.00, postpaid. K. & M. Field Key to the Land Birds. By Edward Knobel. Illustrated. This book is capitally planned for the quickest and most convenient use in recognizing birds in the field and at a distance. With nine pages of colored plates showing close together birds of the same size, contour, color and family, it is possible at a glance to find the desired portraits on the same page. Cloth, 12mo, 5x7 inches, price $1.75, postpaid. K. & M. Our Common Birds and How to Know Them. By John B. Grant. With 64 full-page plates. Oblong 12mo, $1.50 postpaid. C. S. How to Name the Birds. By H. E. Parkhurst. Illustrated. 16mo, leather, $1.00 net. A convenient pocket guide to the birds of the New England States, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Song Birds and Waterfowl. By H. E. Parkhurst. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50. Birds of California. By Irene Grosvenor Wheelock. An exhaustive handbook of all the species usually met with in the State and adjoining regions. It isthe result of an extensive and painstaking study of the species, and is arranged with the purpose of supplying accurate and much-needed data. With ten full- page and 78 text illustrations by Bruce Horsfall. Flexibie morocco, $2.50 post- joRiCle wats Gig WIG Ol, Birds of the Rockies. By Leander S. Keyser. [llustrated with eight full-page plates (four in color) by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, thirty-three drawings in the text by Bru.e Horsfall, and twelve full-page scenic views from photographs. Square octavo net, $1.50 postpaid. A.C. M.C, “Every Bird”’ By Reginald Heber Howe. A guide to the identification of the birds of woodland, beach and ocean. With one hundred and twenty-four illus- trations by the author. A book forthe lover of nature. Cloth, 16mo, 4x7 inches, price $1.60 postpaid. K. & M. Bird Neighbors. By Neltje Blanchan. Has 52 colored plates, and describes 150 of our song birds and other more common feathered neighbors. With the aid of these life-like plates there can be not the least doubt as to the identifica- tion of a bird. It is a sufficient commentary on the volume that there have been nearly 20,000 copies sold since it appeared. $2.00 postpaid. D. P. C. Birds That Hunt and are Hunted. By Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price postpaid, $2.00. D. P.C. Bird Portraits. By Ernest Seton Thompson. Pictures of familiar birds by this distinguished artist, with descriptive text by Ralph Hoffman. Beautifully bound in cloth with a cover design in three colors, $1.50. Our Feathered Game. A handbook for sportsmen by Dwight W. Huntington. With eight full-page shooting scenes in color and one hundred and thirty-five bird portraits. 8vo, $2.00 postpaid. C. 8S. A-Birding on a Bronco. By Florence A. Merriam (Mrs. Bailey). This de- lightful book takes the reader over the prairies, through the hedges and woods, and evinces a rare sympathy with bird life. Illustrated, 16mo, $1.25 postpaid. H. M. & Co. Handbook of Birds of the Western United States. By Florence Merriam Bailey. With over 600 illustrations. 12mo, $3.50 postpaid. H. M. & C. Birds of Village and Field. A bird book for beginners. By Florence A. Mer- riam (Mrs. Bailey). The whole plan and contents are well fitted to tempt all youthful bird-lovers into the charming by-paths of ornithology. Fully illus- trated. 12mo, $2.00. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. MIDSUMMER BARGAINS. ORNITHOLOGY. We have a fine line of bird books, Ornithological and Oological Magazines and Pamphlets, all of which we offer at reduced prices. Send for complete list if you wish to purchase. MINERALOGY. We have 200 kinds of Min- erals and Rocks, in small specimens at_ 4c. each, or in High School size for 10c. each. Fuli list free. Over 150 volumes on Geology and Paleontology, including the finest illustrated works obtainable, at low rates. BOTANY. A full line of Botany books will be offered very low. A new library just pur- chased. A collection of 900 mounted speci- mens of Marine Algea just being offered for sale. CONCHOLOGY. Our stock in this branch covers Over a quarter of a million specimens from every part of the world. Almost every genera represented. Write for lists if you have or wish to form a collection. Some specially fine Polished Shells just received. CURIOS. Under this head we group a great variety of objects, such as Indian rel- ics, both ancient and modern, marine speci- mens both wet and dry, sponges, corals, sea beans, fossils, and hundreds of interesting objects which go to make up handsome and interesting CURIO CABINETS. Write for Hits of anything you desire in Natural His- ory. Please bear in mind that our stock is ex- tensive, but that if we are out of what you want we will try to obtain it for you. Our fa- cilities are unequalled. Our new building is now in course of erection and rather than move all of our big stock, we will make spec- ially low offers to liberal buyers. One to one hundred dollars now will buy you more speci- mens from us than it will next Fallor later. Write at once. WALTER F. WERE: 416 Grand Avenue, Rochester, N. Y. HAYE YOU A HOBBY ? No matter what it is THE Wrst keeps you posted. Send 10 cents to the undersigned and you will receive for three months the oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur- ios, Relics, Natural History and American Historical Science, Mineral Discoveries, Pho- tography, Souvenir Post Cards, etc. THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEWS. Fifty cents entitles you to a year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es- tablished is 1895 and has the largest circula- tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world. and in size has no rival. Rates small, results large. It will pay you to write us about it. Our motto: * The best and lots of it.” Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher. Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. Send dc. for membership card American Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem- bers all parts of the world. Try it. Do You Need a Few ? Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note books. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. I desire to send sample free to all interested. Address, GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The Oldest, Cheapest and most popu- ar ““ BIRD’? PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, ERNEST H. SHORT, Editor and Manager Chili, Ni: Y). WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Ete. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. send for Notice: All Lovers of Birds and Eggs will please send name and address to Dr. 8. D. Luther & Son, Fayetteville, Ark. for in- sertion in our Ornithologists’ and Oologists’ Directory. We want every subscriber of this magazine to comply with this request, as we desire this Directory to be complete, and to serve as a medium of exchange, be- tween all of the bird lovers in the U.S., East, West, Northand South. If you desire to ad- vance this fascinating Nature Study to the position, which it deserves, then write us to- day. Your insertion is free gratis. Special ads. at reasonable rates. Subscriptions will be received at once, but no cash remittances will be accepted, until all names are in; at which time all will be given due notice. Ad- dress all communications to DR. S. D. LUTHER & SON, Box 162, Fayetteville, Ark. The Moth Book. By W. J. HOLuAND. Fully illustrated by color photography. The illustratious of the moths are natural size and the coloring is perfect. With this book it is easy to identify any moth at a glance. Itis by far the best work on moths ever published. $4.00 PREPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. How to Collect Animal Tracks. A simple, inexpensive method of presery- ing accurately the foutprints of birds, mam-— mals, etc. Clean, instructive pastime for boys, girls, sportsmen and naturalists. Send two cent stamp for particulars, or $1.00 for complete instructions. J. ALDEN LORING, Owego, N. Y. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il and lll, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, II, II] and subscription for 1904, $3.00. Wecan supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. i —COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED——— VOL. IV NOVEMBER. 1904. NO. Il. RESULT OF OUR PHOTO CONTEST. The photographs submitted in our competion this year, while not so numerous as last year, are as a rule of better quality, in fact there were so many of about equal merit that the task of awarding the prizes was a very difficult one, and led us to make an additional award in both Class 1 and 2. After a very careful consideration we have awarded prizes as follows: Class 1. Ist., Arizona Jays by E. R. Forest, Washington, Pa. 2nd., Rocky Mountain Jay by L. B. Gilmore, ‘Saegertown, ear 3rd., An Entomologist by J. P. Parker, Cleveland, Ohio. 4th., Barn Owl by N. W. Swayne, West Chester, Pa. Class 2. Ist., Bank Swallows by J. A. Miller, Lowville, N. Y. Young Kingfishers by J. M. Shreck, Buffalo, N. Y. 3rd., Young Bobolinks by L. S. Horton, Hyde Park, N. Y. 4th., Young Bluebirds and mother by R. H. Beebe, Arcade, INGRYS Class 3. Ist., Nest of Vesper Sparrow by F. R. Miller, Toledo, Ohio. 2nd., Nest of Ruffed Grouse by J. A. Miller, Lowville, N. Ws THE WOODLAND, By STEPHEN P. BROWNELL. In solitude to-day I muse Within the silent shade Of woodland dense, whose wilds infuse Love for its lonely glade. Upon a moss-clothed log I sit, Where flows a gentle stream; From tree to tree the warblers flit Like fairies in a dream. The branching tree-tops rise o’erhead, Their giant arms extending; While leaves of purple, green and red Like jewels hang depending. So still, so beautiful, so grand, This wild life of the wood! Not crowded street nor ocean strand Can waken such a mood! But hark! What is that jarring sound Which mars the veery’s song? The plowman shouts from yonder ground To urge his team along. O woodland mine! thy silence sweet, Earth’s toil doth yet invade; And deeper still must I retreat To muse in thy lone glade. 284 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. MY FAVORITE BIRD. By Dr. CHAS. S. Moopy. He is not a sportsman who, shouldering a rifle can tramp all day in quest of game, and fail to see the many things that the Great All Father has made and endowed with beauty. Heis no worthy disciple of Walton who, while whipping the stream, does not look beyond the creel of fish to the myriad forms of fleecy clouds floating in the empyrean blue, the foliage of the trees creating shadow shapes upon the water, the dark green grass, forming a setting for the buttercups that seem like yellow stars starting from some flowery heaven to gladden the hearts of men, the merry song of birds and the chatter of the squirrels, the drowsy hum of insect life, all that combines to make for me at least, a fishing bout one of extremest pleasure, what though it is devoid of fish. Many and oft are the times that I have sat upon a flat rock in the mid-stream, solacing myself with a pipe, and watched the drama of Nature being enacted before my eyes. The being whose heart is not attuned to harmony with the infinite is fit for “‘treasons, strategems and spoils.’’ Perhaps of all the things that the Creator hath made, I love best the birds. Many happy days have I spent, to the woeful neglect of my profession, making friends with the winged children of the air. No bird is beneath my love. Even that black and white marauder, the Magpie comes in for a share of my affection. There is one little fellow, though, that, by his cheer- ful manner in the face of seemingly natural disadvantages, has interested me most. I refer to the Water Ousel, (Cinclus mexicanus) though why mexicanus I have never been able to find out, for the bird is more often found here. Dear little fellow! Through storm and sleet, through wind and calm, he is always the same. It is all the same if fortune smiles or adversity frowns. He sings his merry roundelay in the face of the warring elements. His habitat is confined to the rivers and streams of the Pacific coast, and to eastern bird- lovers he is merely a picture in a book or at best, the stuffed specimen in the museum. The western ornithologist may study him in his native heath, and an interesting study it is. Perhaps you are resting beneath the shade of some birch or spruce beside a stream when you hear a trill of music, of few notes ’tis true, yet bearing upon its melody the spirit of the dark fir forest around. ‘The singer is a slate colored bird sitting upon yonder stone and bobbing up and down in the most erratic manner by bending his knees and all the while holding his body in the most military manner, A shaft of sunlight shoots through the dense foliage like an arrow of gold, and lights up the water, the rock, AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 285 the bird. Now can you fully appreciate the beauty of the erst commonplace birdie. It is now that the dull slate becomes transformed by the alchemy of the light into opal tints richer than ever taken from Hungarian mines. The erratic little twist that he gives to his head makes a play of thousands of colors. He turns upon you a laughing black eye and bows gravely. Now something attracts his attention in the water. Some dainty bird-land morsel, perhaps and with the abandon of a schoolboy he plunges into the brawling current. The rushing water seizes him and rolls him over and over, whip him against a boulder but from it all he emerges mot a whit disconcerted. Bursting into song like the ripple of laughing waters he flits away home. Now, follow, as I have tollowed, searching every bushy tree, peering under every overhanging bank, for the cunning concealed nest that you know js somewhere about. At last, tired with the unsuccessful search I sat upon a rock beside a waterfall, where the water plunging over the cliff, broke into spray, forming myriad rainbows against the dark background of basalt towering on the further side of the stream a thousand feet and more. Where the spray dashed against the face of the cliff there were hanging festoons of dark green moss that hung and swayed in the air current made by the rushing waters. Nise ler Salts painting fancy pictures in the rushing waters, I became aware of a pair of brilliant eyes watching me curiously and apprehensively from out the mossy canopy covering a crevice in the rock. With a sharp chirp the mate lit woodpecker-wise upon the swaying moss and began, in the sweetest Dipper language to hold converse with Jens) Salinas mate. Then J knew that my quest was at an end and that I was about to be introduced to the home life of Mr. and Mrs. Dipper’ Yet thirty feet of white water flowed between me and a more intimate knowledge of my friends, and to come at the nest without going over the fall was a problem. How I reached the nest is a story in itself; suffice it to say that it was not that day, nor even the next, but reach it I did. Ifound Mrs. Ousel at home, and what is more, very much loth to vacate. She defended her treasures valiantly, using a sharp little beak to the most provoking advantage. At last I induced her to retire for a little time and allow me to take notes. The nest was composed of moss. In fact it was merely dug out of the heavy festoons of moss that Glled the crevice of the rock. The spray dashed over the nest, all the time wetting the incubating bird and in her absence drenching the five white eggs that the nest contained so that it is a wonder that they were ever hatched. They were though, for I returned some weeks later to find the parents busy carrying food 286 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. to five hungry mouths that opened pleadingly when they heard my footsteps. The parents sat upon a nearby ledge and teetering up and down scolded me roundly for my interferance. The food seemed to be principally the larvae of the Salmon Fly and small crayfish judging from the debris scattered arounk the ledge of the nest. All summer long I watched this family, and late in the fall I could see the youngsters yet in tow of the old birds flitting up and down the stream. I should liked very much to have added this set of eggs to my cabinet, but the birds seemed so much a part of this wild stream that I did not have the heart to disturb the little home. SANDERLING. [Young in winter plumage showing wing markings. | AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 287 A. O. U. No. 248. nt (Calidris arenaria.) RANGE. Breeds within the Arctic Circle and migrates on both coasts to south- ern South America. DESCRIPTION. Length 8in. Extent about 15 in. Eye brown; bill and feet black. Adults in summer;—Above variegated with black, rusty and gray: be- low white, the throat and breast being spotted with black and washed with rusty. In all plumages the bases of the primaries, secondaries and the tips of the greater coverts are white. Adult in winter. Back grayish with dusky shaft lines: below pure white with no traces of rusty in the plumage. Young. Similar to the winter adult with the back very strongly marked with black and white. NEST AND EGGS. ~- Sanderlings nest in the extreme north, laying their eggs in slight de- pressions in the soil among the beach grass. ‘The cavity is usually lined with grasses and during June and July three or four eggsare laid; these have‘a greenish or ashy brown ground and are brightly marked with blackish and'brownish blotches. HABITS. . Owing to their northerly distribution.and the lack of observation of those who have collected them in their summer home, we know but little of the home life of the Sanderling, but in winter immense num- bers of them swarmialong both coasts, they being outnumbered possi- bly only by the Least Sandpipers. Flocks of fifty to one hundred in- dividuals are of common occurence during September and October when their migration is at its height, and they are killed by the thous- and and sent to market by gunners all along the coast. As an article of food they are little to be desired owing to their small size and they are so common, so tame and fly in such compact flocks that their capt- ure is anything but exciting yet men will devote their whole time to AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 288 Picjaoaaeqats) "TOQUI AA “ONITAYAHANYVS AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 289 hunting them and other shore bird during the migration, for the cent or possibly two cents apiece that they will bring in the market. Were it not for the remote breeding grounds and the fact that they have few enemies there, they would long ago have become scarce, but as it is, they do not seem to decrease in numbers year by year even with the heavy tax upon their lives that is exacted as they seek shelter or food upon our inhospitable shores. They are one of the Jeast sus- picious of all the shore birds and will light among and feed around decoys totally unaware of the danger that may await them. Their notes when flying are a musical ‘‘tweet-weet’’ asound easily imitat- ed and a repetition of which will usually cause them to swerve in their flight and to alight on the beach in front of the observer. Naturally the numbers when they return north in the spring are greatly less and they also tarry shorter on the way so that comparatively few of them are then killed. By Harry R. CALDWELL, M. A. NE of the first birds to break the long silence of the wooded southland with its mating call is the spirited and always happy Louisiana Water Thrush. In Feb- ruary, while the male Bluebirds are settling their differences in combat, the Water Thrush is luring the pretty one of his choice in the wooded fastness with his quaint but beautiful song. If at this season of the year we betake ourself to the haunt of the Louisiana Water Thrush we will hear it resounding with a melody of song. But upon examination we will find that the whole chorus issues from the throat of a single male, wooing his love, or now rejoic- ing over having won so lovely a mate. In early spring there is no other bird that so completely fills the wooded glen and dell with song as does the Water Thrush, but as the nesting season draws nigh he surrenders his right of song to the Wood Thrush which at this time arrives from winter quarters with his flute well in tune. 290 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. The movements of the Louisiana Water Thrush as he stands upon some pinnacle in song, or runs the length of a moss covered log at the brink of a marsh are easily confused with those of the Spotted Sand- piper. There is that same bobbing and tilting of tail common to the ari) Wy.” As the period of nidification draws nigh, the sweet song that has made the wooded glen a place of oft retreat and delight to the lover of Gods’ out of doors dies away and we now hear the plain cheat, cheat, cheat only, which generally issues from, or near the site which has been chosen for asummer home. Nesting season usually begins with March, though it is not uncommon to find nests containing fresh eggs in May. The upturned roots or a fallen tree, or the moss and fern covered slope overlooking some secluded stream is an ideal nesting site. The nest is generally in close proximity to flowing water, and it is not un- common to find one under the drip of a fern covered craig, or snugly tucked away under a water-soaked log. The nest is composed of root- lets and grass stems upon a massive foundation of leaves plastered to- gether with mud. Near my home in East Tennessee were a number of deep ravines which were chosen from year to year by these birds as a desirable sum- mer home. I returned to my home in the summer of 1900 after an ab- sence of a couple of years, and directed a lover of bird lore to a place where he might go in order to locate the nest of a Louisiana Water Thrush. After a very careful search of an area not to exceed eight feet square on an almost perpindicular bank of a little stream he returned without locating a nest. The following day I happened to wend my up this shaded glen, and glanced into what had so often proven a home site of this species. Standing in the tracks made by my friend on the previous day, I began to raise the overhanging ferns one by one soon to disclose Mrs. Water Thrush peeping out though her latticed door. Within were five mottled eggs. So completely was this nest concealed that without first shifting the position of the overhanging ferns no trace of it could possibly be seen. I have known two nests of this specie which contained abnormal eggs. One contained a full and slightly incubated set of perfectly white eggs. The incubating bird was so indisposed to leave her nest that I approached and stretched forth my hand and laid it over the nest without so much as disturbing the bird. Upon the removal of my hand she fluttered down into the nearby stream and across to the other side. Another nest contained three-soft shell eggs. These were perfectly shaped and apparently an incomplete set. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 291 By LEANDER S. Keyser. What kinds of birds dwell south of the equator, and how do they behave themselves? ‘These are questions that every lover of animal life would like to have answered. In the southern hemisphere the seasons are reversed, and many of the other conditions that prevail are different from those known on the northern continent, and the inquisi- tive mind cannot help wondering how these changed circumstances affect the avifaunal life of those remote regions. That many people are interested in these questions is proved by the fact that the fourth edition of Dr. W. H. Hudson’s “The Natural in La Plata’”’ was lately issued in answer to the public demand. Yet, as the book is published in England, and is somewhat expensive, it is not to be supposed that many people will be able to procure it; and there- fore a recital of some of the more striking ways of South American birds may be of value and interest to many of the readers of this journal. Dr. Hudson’s observations were made, for the most part, on the pampas of La Plata, with an occasional reference for comparison to the animal life of Brazil, Chili and Patagonia. It strikes one who lives on the northern half of the earth as odd to read of January as midsummer, of August as midwinter, of March and April as autumn, and of September and October as spring; but of course such is the reversal of the seasons in the great Argentine Republic. The migra- tory movements of the birds of that country correspond to these sea- sonal differences. March, April and May see the migrants of the southern hemisphere flying northward from the approach of the south- ern winter, toward the sunny lands of the equatorial belt; while at the same time our North American migrants are winging their way to their summer homes and breeding grounds in the North Temperate and Arctic regions. Then in September and October the northern birds are traveling toward the equator to escape the northern winter, and the southern birds are journeying away from the equator to find the south- ern summer. Their pilgrimages are in the same direction both in spring and autumn, but for precisely opposite reasons. While our northern migrants are busy rearing their young, their relatives of the far south are enjoying their vacation in the tropical and sub-tropical °* climes, and vice versa. However, the lines of division between North and South American birds are not so sharply drawn as one would be led to suppose from the 292 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. » foregoing general statements. A number of curious facts stir inquiry in the mind of the the naturalist. For instance, about twenty-five species of rails, plovers, and their allies—the order known as Lzmzcole, are to be found, either summer or winter, in La Plata; but, surprising as it may seem, at least thirteen of these are visitors from North Amer- ica, spending the winter on the pampas, of the southern continent, although all of them breed in summer—that is, our northern summer— in the northern hemisphere, several of them in the remote Arctic regions. ‘These birds are great travellers, one might almost call them ““globe-trotters.”’ This surely is an enigma—why these northeners pass over so many countries, through such a variety of climates, where the conditions are apparently suited to their needs, to spend their gala-time on the pam- as of Argentina. ‘‘Nevertheless,’’ as Dr. Hudson puts it, growing eloquent in his wonder and admiration. “‘In September, and even as early as August, they begin to arrive on the pampas, the golden plov- er often still wearing his black nuptial dress; singly and in pairs, in small flocks and in clouds they come, curlew, godwit, plover, tatler, tringa, piping the wild notes to which the Greenlander listened in June, now to the gaucho herdsman on the green plains of La Plata, then to the wild Indian in his remote village; and soon, further south, to the houseless huanaco-hunter in the gray wilderness of Patagonia.’’ Anoth- er matter that excites surprise is that, while many of our North Amer- ican birds go south of the equator to spend their holiday season, none of the distinctly South American species, so far as known, ever venture so far north as the United States, though summer may smile her blandest. One would have to seek far to find the reason why northern birds are greater travellers than their southern kindred. There are other problems of migration that puzzle the ornithologist in South America, as well as excite his interest to a white heat. A species of godwit and several kinds of plovers are divided into two brigades, the northern and southern. The northern division spending the southern summer in La Plata on the pampas, and when March comes, starting off on their journey to the far north, crossing the equator, the Gulf of Mexico, the United Srates, and sometimes breed- ing in the Arctic regions as far north as latititude 82 degrees. Then, some time after they have left La Plata, the southern division of the army, consisting of the same species, arrives from the south, and spends the South American winter on the pampas. The crucial question is: Where do the southern birds breed? Being strong-winged birds, it would be strange if they did not go farther south than Patagonia, mak- ing a migratory journey of only some eight hundred miles, while many AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 293 of their northern congeners travel semi-annually more than eight thousand miles. ‘These speculations lead Dr. Hudson to believe that the southern brigades wing their way to the great antarctic continent to rear their young, though this theory still lacks proof. However, it ex- cites surprise to learn that birds of the same species are divided into two companies, the one going north, the other south, and that one division spends the summer in the same locality that the other spends the winter. Our author does not tell us whether they ever meet on the pampas or not. The pampas are richer in water and shore birds than in any other kind. This is because they are the meeting place of many migrants both from the north and the south. There are about eighteen species of the order including storks, ibises, herons, spoonbills and flamingoes; twenty species of ducks, geese and swans; ten or twelve of the rails, and about twenty-five of the snipe and plover group. Of land birds there is not so rich a variety, on account of the scarcity of food on the pampas and the absence of timber. Still, there are some very interesting species both of terrestrial aquatic birds several of the most striking of which deserve notice here. Among them is the majestic rhea, the South American ostrich, which while being rapidly exterminated, still “survives from a time when there were also giants among the avians.”’ Long and strong of limb, it is very fleet, giving the hunter on horseback a hard race over the grassy plains. Its expertness in dodging and twisting often enables it to elude the rider and his bolas or lariat. Ofa pale, bluish- grav color that assimilates to the haze, it is rendered invisible even at a moderate distance, When running swiftly, it possesses the unique habit of keeping one wing raised vertically, though why it does this is uot known, unless it helps the creature to steer its course. With the natives of the pampas no greater sport could be found than rhea-hunt- ing with the bolas and a swift horse trained to follow the bird in all its quick dartings and doublings. This sport is known as the ‘wild mirth of the desert.”’ When taken young, the rhea, is easily domesticated, becomming as tame as the common fowls of the farmyard. Our naturalist once kept a brood of young rheas, which he captured soon afterthey broke from the shell. While they soon learned to provide for their own wants so far as food was concerned, catching flies, grasshoppers, and other in- insects with surprising dexterity, they would follow their human master about as if they took him for their parent. They were utterly uncon- scious of the dangers surrounding them, and yet, strange to say, they were not destitute of the feeling of fear; for when their keeper imitated 294 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. the rasping alarm-call of the old birds in time of peril, the youngsters would rush up to him in the greatest terror, though no enemy was in sight, and, squatting at his feet, would endeavor to conceal themselves by thrusting their heads and iong necks up his trousers. This would seem to prove the heridity had infused into the younglings the element of fear as soon as they heard the warning call of their parents, and that it was so strongly intrenched in their nature as to respond even when they had never heard the call of their real parents. One of the most characteristic birds of the pampas is the crested sceamer, called “‘chakar’’ in the vernacular. It is the size of a swan and its shape and appearance are those of a lapwing, save that it has a powerful curved gallinaceous beak. Its name, screamer, is given it on account of its habit of screaming loudly at intervals much like the domestic peacock of the north; but, in spite of this disagreeable vocal out-burst, the bird has real musical talent. Both the male and the female sing, often rendering a striking duet, the two parts differing from each other, but fusing together in a kind of harmony. The cha- kar soften gather in large flocks, and engage in concert singing that is marvellous to hear. Suppose we let Dr. Hudson describe one or two of these concerts in his own language. “There is something strangely impressive in these spontaneous out- bursts of melody so powerful from one of these large flocks, and, though accustomed to hearing these birds from childhood, I have often been astonished at some new effect produced by a large multitude singing under certain conditious. Travelling alone one summer day, I came at noon to a lake on the pampas called Kakel—a sheet of water narrow enough for one to see across. Chakars in countless numbers were gathered along its shores, but they were all ranged in well-defined flocks, averaging about five hundred birds in each flock. These flocks seemed to extend all around the lake, and had probably been driven by the drought from all the plains around this spot. Presently one flock near me began singing, and continued their powerful chant for three or four minutes; when they ceased, the next flock took up the strains, and after it the next, and so on until the notes of the flocks on the opposite shore came floating strong and clear across the water: then passed away, growing fainter and fainter, until once more the sound approached me traveling around to my side again. The effect was very curious, and I was astonished at the orderly way with which each flock awaited its turn to sing, instead of a general outburst taking place after the first flock had given the signal. “On another occasion I was still more impressed, for here the largest number of of birds I have ever found congregated at one place all sang AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 295 YOUNG GREAT BLUE HERON. 296 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY together. This was on the southern pampas, at a place called Gualicho, where I had ridden for an hour before sunset over a marshy plain where there was still much standing water in the rushy pools, though it was at the height of the dry season. ‘This whole plain was covered with an endless flock of chakars, not in close order, but scattered about in pairs and small groups.. In this desolate spot I found a small rancho in- habited by a guacho and his family, and I spent the night with them. ‘The birds were all about the house, apparently as tame as the domestic fowls, and when I went out to look for a spot for my horse to feed on, they could not fly away from me, but merely moved a few steps out of my path. About nine o’clock we were eating supper in the rancho, when suddenly the entire multitude of birds covering the marsh for miles around burst forth into a tremendous evening song. Itis impos- sible to describe the effect of this mighty rush of sound; but let the reader try to imagine half a million tones bursting forth on the silent atmosphere of the dark, lonely plain. One pecularity was that in this mighty noise, which sounded louder than the sea thundering on a rocky coast, I seemed to be able to distinguish hundreds, even thousands, of individual voices. Forgetting my supper, I set motionless and over- come with astonishment, while the air, and even the frail rancho, seemed to be trembling in that tempest of sound. When it ceased, my host remarked with a smile, ‘‘We are accustomed to this, senor—every even- ing we have this concert,’ It was aconcert well worth riding a hundred miles to hear.’’ No less remarkable is the fact that the Chakar soars upward into the air and sings, as if he were a relative of the little Skylark of Europe. Ponderous a bird as he is, and having a spread of wing of only six feet and a half, he possesses a power of soaring equal to that of the Vulture and the Eagle, scaling so high that his bulky body appears like a speck moving across the sky, and sometimes disappears entirely; and when he sings at the height, his “notes become wonderfully etherealized by the distance to a soft, silvery sound,’’ to which it is a rare delight to listen. “T was once very much surprised at the behavior of a couple of Cha- kars during a thunder-storm,’’ says Dr. Hudson. “On a still, sultry day in summer I was standing watching masses of black cloud coming rapidly over the sky, while a hundred yards from me stood the two birds apparently watching the approaching storm with interest. Pres- ently the edge of the cloud touched the sun, and a twilight of gloom fell on the earth. The very moment the sun disappeared, the birds rose and soon began singing their ljong-resounding notes, though it was thundering loudly at the time, while vivid flashes of lightning lit the AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 297 black cloud overhead at short intervals. I watched their flight and listened to their notes, till suddenly, as they made a wide sweep upward, they disappeared in the cloud, and at the same moment their voices be- came muffled, and seemed to come from an immense distance. The cloud continued emitting sharp flashes of lighning, but the birds never reappeared, and after six or seven minutes more, their notes sounded loud and clear above the muttering thunder. I suppose they had passed through the cloud into the clear atmosphere above it, but I was extreme- ly surprised at their fearlessness; for as a rule, when soaring birds see a storm coming, they get out of its way, flying before it or swopping to the earth to seek shelter of some kind, as most living things seem to have a wholesome dread of thunder and lightning.” A number of South American birds are fond of dancing. The beau- tiful Platan rails called Ypecahas go about the performance in this way. Having prepared a smooth, level spot in the marsh, hemmed in by tall rushes, one bird will issue the invitation to the frolic by a powerful cry repeated three times, which is responded to by his mates from all sides as they hurry to the tryst. In afew moments a dozen or twenty burst from the reeds into the open space, aud at once the performance begins. The birds rush around and dance from side to side as if possessed by a spirit of frenzy, their wings spread and vibrating and their long beaks wide open and raised vertically. At the same time they utter a med- ley of unearthly screams, which might well come from an equal num- ber of human beings filled with terror and despair. The exhibition lasts three or four minutes, when the birds scatter again amid the rushes. The shows given by the scissor-tailed tyrant-birds take place in the upper air instead of on the ground. Although these birds live in pairs, at sunset several couples will call excitedly to one another, at which they will assemble, and when all are ready, they will “mount upwards like rockets, to a great height in the air, and after wheeling about for a few moments, precipitate themselves downwards with amazing violence in a wild zigzag, opening and shutting the long tail-feathers like a pair of shears, and producing loud whirring sounds, as of clocks being wound rapidly up, with a slight pause after each turn of the key. This aerial dance over, they alight in separate couples on the tree tops, each couple joining in a kind of duet of rapidly repeated, castanet-like sounds.”’ It would doubtless be interesting to describe the parties given by the jacanas, the spur-winged lapwings, the wood-hewers, the whistling troupials, the soaring field-finches, and the white-banded mocking-bird of Patagonia, which not only mimics the songs of other birds, but often “bursts into its own divine song, uttered with a power, abandon 298 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. and joyousness resembling, but greatly excelling, that of the skylark, “singing at heaven’s gate,’’ the notes issuing in a continuous torrent; the voice so brilliant and infinitely varied, that, if rivalry and emulation have as large a place in feathered breasts as some imagine, all that hear this surpassing melody might well languish ever after in silent despair.’ However, enough has been said to prove that South Amer- ica offers a fertile field for the student who desires to make original investigations in the noble science of ornithology. GREAT BLUE HERON. A. O. U. Na. 194. (Ardea herodias ) RANGE. Breeds in North America from the Gulf to the Arctic regions; win- ters in the southern half of the United States and southwards. DESCRIPTION. Length about 45 inches; extent apout 6 feet. Eye yellow, bill and bare space in front of eye, yellowish; legs blackish. Crown, middle line of the underparts, and under tail coverts, white; neck gray more or less tinged with brownish ; back of head and the long plumes grow- ing therefrom black; line down the front fof the neck streaked with black and brownish ; long flowing white plumes from the breast; back, wing coverts and tail grayish, rest of wing blackish ; sides of breast jet black; front edge of wing and the tibia rich chestnut. Young: No plumes from beck of head; whole crown blackish; plumes from the breast very short or lacking ; little or no black on the sides and the whole underparts with a streaked appearance. NORTHWEST COAST HERON. A. O. U. No. 194 a. (Ardea herodias fannini.) RANGE, Pacific Coast of North America from Vancouver Island north to southern Alaska. Like the majority of other birds in this very humid region, teis Aeron is very much darker than the common Blue Heron. WARD HERON. A. O. U. No. 194 b. (Ardea herOdias Wardi.) RANGE. Florida. This subspecies is very similar to the Great Blue Heron, but the neck is usually darker and the underparts whiter and the whole bird averages slightly larger. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 299 GREAT BLUE HERON. [Adult] 300 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. NEST AND EGGS, . Blue Herons build bulky but shabby nests of sticks and twigs, plac- ing them in trees at various elevations from the ground depending up- on the locality and the chances of their remaining undisturbed. In the south they usually build in large communities called heronries and the nests may be found at various altitudes from ten to one hundred feet above the earth; generally in the northern part of their range, but a few pairs are found breeding in one place and these usually in the tops of high trees in swampy territory. Their eggs are laid from April in the south to June in the north and the number is usually three or four. The eggs are pale bluish green and vary in shape from ovate to elliptical. HABITS. These imposing birds are the largest of the Heron family to be found within our limits. An old adult bird is a strikingly beautiful object, the long white plumes streaming from the breast reaching nearly to the ground, while the black ones from the back of his head fall upon his back while in a resting attittide. The young just before flight are as ugly looking and awkward as their parents are graceful, their long legs and neck seeming to be forever in the way, to their great discomfiture, while their heads are swayed from side to side and moved backward and forward in their endeavors to properly focus their eyes upon any intruder into their home. For a week before attempting flight the young clamber about among the sticks composing their nest and upon branches in the immediate neighborhood, their steps being very wobbly and uncertain, and their long toes tightly wound about the slender branches, holding on for dear life. Who would ever suppose that this ungainly bundle of awkwardness would ever attain the grace and beauty displayed by the old birds? AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 301 On several occasions in the past I have had the opportunity of watch— ing them for a long time through a field glass, although I must confess that it was at a time when they were on the opposite side of a long, narrow pond and that, while I watched them with great interest, it was with an intense longing that they should come over to my side of the pond within range of my gun. How daintily they raised each foot and how carefully they allowed it to settle in the water, with no splash or ripple to warn their finny prey as they changed their location. Then how still and rigid they would keep with their eyes literally glued upon the shallow water in front of them, their neck doubled in graceful curves and their whole attitude one of tense expectancy. Soon a small fish makes its way within the bird’s radius of attack. As if worked by pow- erful springs, the long neck suddenly straightens and the head shoots downward, the long sharp bill cleaving the water like an arrow and being instantly withdrawn with a struggling fish between the madibles. The next operation is to turn the fish about so that it may be swallowed head first, this being accomplished with curious contortions, the swell- ing of the throat marking the progress of the fish the whole length of the heron’s neck. They are usually very shy birds and difficult to approach but some- times, when standing among tall rushes, one will try to escape obser- vation rather than fly; the legs are stiff, the body perfectly erect and the long neck stretched to its fullest extent with the bill pointing toward the zenith, an attitude in which at a casual glance they will readily pass for one of the surrounding stalks. They will maintain this seemingly uncomfortable position for minutes at a time until danger is past or until they are satisfied that they are discovered, when with a dis- gusted grunt they will spread their six feet of wing and slowly flap away. It has been the custom of gunners to kill these and all other herons at every opportunity even though they had no possible use for them, until they have become quite uncommon in New England. Fort- unately they are now protected at all seasons of the year so that pro- bably they will hold their own, although undoubtedly many will con- tinue to be killed by ignorant hunters. While, it is argued, they are of no economic value reckoned in dollars and cents, they are a very beauti- ful and welcome sight to those who are so fortunate as to be able to see them and as such, deserve our fullest protection as do all other species which do no positive harm and even if their good is not appar- ent to everyone. 302 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOUY AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 303 3 | des | T Swi R YOUR NG “FRIE NDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My Drar Younc Fo.Lks: I want to tell you of a happy family of which a friend told me the other day. I wonder if you could guess who were in the group which had a tea party together. The place where the party was held was an old barn, the home of Sir Chanticleer and his large family. The feast consisted of cracked corn in a large tin pan.. The table was the barn floor and the guests were—first, Madam Hen, her sisters, her cousins, her aunts and their children; second, Mr. English Sparrow and eight or ten of his relatives,. and lastly, Mr. Grey Rat, with four of his immediate family. These all ate peaceably together from the pan which held the repast intended only for Madam Hen and her kin. The sparrows showed their usual fearlessness, hopping in and out of the dish. Rats and chickens stood side by side on the brim, and all “‘went merry as a marriage bell.” Don’t you wish you had been there with your camera? Cordially your friend MEG MERRYTHOUGHT.. ROLL OF HONOR. James H. Chase, Logansport, Ind. Russell Adams’ St Johnsbury, Vt. Samuel D. Robbins, Belmont, Mass. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I. Lillian M. Weeks, Marietta, Ohio. William K. D. Reynolds, Berkley, Cal. Olive D. Crittenden, New Haven, Conn. NOM PW WH FH 304 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ANSWERS TO OCTOBER PUZZLES, What his his name? Yellow-breasted Chat. Numerical Enigma. Cedar Waxwing. MAILBAG EXTRACTS. How Wk May HELP THE BIRDS. How often has the question been asked, “How can we help the birds?’ I hope many, if not all of the readers of the American Orni- thology have asked this question, and hope they will take a hint that will aid them to answer this noble question. In the summer the birds find plenty to eat, and we find them destroying grubs and insects that are very injurious to our best trees and garden, but in the cold winter all is so different. The ground is covered with a thick blanket of snow, which often covers the tops of the highest weeds, upon which our snowbirds and other birds of the same family feed. If these helpful birds cannot get food enough to keep up a good high temperature within their body, they will freeze. We cannot afford to part with them, so the only thing to do is to provide them food. Rather than lose our little friends, I am sure we would all be willing to go out into the fields, shovel away a little snow, place a board and scatter seeds of any kind upon it, if you cannot get seeds, oats, or any other grain, crumbs will do very well. Our little friends will soon find their feast, and should we visit the field a few days later, we should find that they had eaten it all up, and we would hear them calling out their gratitude, and asking for more. The snowbird is but one example. There are at least ten other species of birds to be found in every part of the United States, all of which need to be cared for. When the trees are covered with snow and sleet what would the chickadees and the nuthatches, and the woodpeckers and the jays do for food? We must tack up suet or fat of any kind on the tree trunks high enough to get the birds out of harm’s way, and also hang a basket of cracked nuts and crumbs upon the trees. If we all feed the birds during the hardest parts of the long cold win- ter, and keep them well supplied with good fresh food we will no long- er need to ask “‘How can we help the birds?’ Then their numbers will increase, and our troublesome grubs will decrease. SAMUEL DowsE Rogsrns, Belmont, Mass. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 305 THE TWO KINGS. Last July while we were sitting upon the bank of an artificial lake in Palma Park, Detroit, we saw the two Kings in a tree. The king- fisher flew across the lake, it was then the King-of-birds made himself known. Inever saw a kingbird molest any bird while it was sitting still, although I once saw a crow so nearly exhausted that it lit upon the ground to get away from a Kingbird The kingbird waited for him upon the fence post, and attacked him as soon as he flew. As the boys say, he never hits while the other fellow is down, at least I never knew him to. Going back to the story, the fisher was driven away several times. I was provoked at the kingbird as that was the only fisher I had a chance to watch this year, but soon I was glad the kingbird ruled the park. A little later the fisher returned. This time to prove that he was the King of fishers, and some people may call him a thief. This time the kingbird was not on duty, and I was very much surprised at seeing him drive into the lake and bring forth one of the Park’s goldfish. It was a pretty sight, a gold-colored fish in the bill of a grayish-blue bird; but why should he catch what was put in the park to beautify it? I suppose the gold color in the water is much easier to see, and he visits the park whenever he wants an easy catch. I hope the kingbirds will make the parks their future homes, and be kings of the parks as well as the King of birds. This is the only time I ever knew that the fisher would eat or catch a Goldfish. FRANK SmirH, Grand Rapids, Mich. ENIGMA. My first is in green as well as ravine, My second in leaf but never in lamp, My third is concealed in the word address, My fourth is hidden in both guest and guess, My fifth in scarlet can always be found, My sixth in paddle as well as in damp, My seventh in round, also in ground, My last can be found in both rent and tent, Now what bird’s name do you suppose is meant? SAMUEL D. Rossins, Belmont, Mass. 306 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Bt HOUR GLASS NO, 1. X XOX X A weapon. XOX An animal. O A consonant. XOX Something for catching fish. XXOXX A long spear. Centrals are the name of a bird. HOUR GLASS NO, 2. KEG O DOG Meat XOX An inlet of the sea. OMe Aenvowwiele XC OPA insect: XOX OPO thorste Centrals give the name of a bird. Witiiam K. D. Rreyno.ps, Berkley, Cal. GLEANINGS, When icicles hang by the wall, And Dick the Shepherd, blows his nail, And Tom bears logs into the hall, And milk comes frozen in the pail, When blood is nipped, and ways be foul, Then nightly sings the staring owl, Tu-who! Tu-whit! Tu-who! A merry note, While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.— Shakespeare. Are You Interested in Botany, S\ \, Entomology, *® Ornithology, Oology or in ANY BRANCH of NATURE STUDY We are Headquarters for Naturalists’ Sup- plies of allkinds. Send stamp for Illustrated Catalogue. CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Guide to Taxidermy NEW EDITION. Full of valuable information, with com- plete instructions how to prepare and mount BIRDS, ANIMALS and FISHES. Also a complete list of Ornithologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ supplies, valuable information for the amateur, recipes, etc. 35 CENTS, POSTPAID. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. Covers the entire field of Western Sports by land and sea MONTHLY DEPARTMENTS Hunting and Shooting Fish and Fishing Game Protection Physical Culture Golf Automobiling Tennis Yachting Canoeing Athletics Rifle and Trap Guns and Gun Makers Natural History The Dog Adventure Fiction Club Life Photography 150 pages beautifully fllustrated. Clean, authest and authoritative. published at 4 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 10 cents the copy $1.00 the year Sample Copies with pleasure Marine Shells and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c¢ to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for oc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. Mounting We can a) : teach you Wild-Cat. how. e LEARN TAXIDERMY. We can teach you BY MATL to correctly mount Birds, Animals, etc. Nothing is more fascinating or profitable. Every NATURALIST, TEACHER, SPOTRSMAN should know this art. We have thousands of successful students. If interested in Birds, Nature and Outdoor Life. ask for our new illustrated catalog. ITS FREE. WRITE TODAY. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY, Inc., Suite ; 81 Com. Nat. Bank, Omaha, Neb. Have Your Magazines Bound. Send your magazines to us prepaid (if well wrapped postage will be 10 cents), we will bind them in an at- tractive cloth cover, stamped with AMERICAN OR- NITHOLOGY in gould and bird in color, and return to you FOR 75 CENTS PREPAID. Address American Ornithology, Worcester, Mass. JAMES P. BABBITT, — DEALER’ IN — | Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Specialty. TAUNTON, MASS. Bargain Lists free upon application. : Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- plies 10c. Naturalist Supply Depot DEALERS IN Supplies of all Kinds, Glass Eyes. Mounted Specimens a Specialty. Send roc for catalog FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO., Museum HYDE PARK, MASS. American Bird Magazine SPECIAL OFFER. Volumes |, 2, 3 and Subscription for 1904 FOR THREE DOLLARS. These FOUR VOLUMES will contain over 1400 pages of the most interesting and instructive bird literature, with nearly 1000 illustrations, many of them photographs of live wild birds. THE FOUR VOLUMES WILL BE SENT PREE- PAID FOR $3.00. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. THE DOG FANCIER. ESTABLISHED 18or. A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION. The oldest, most popular and mest prosperous amateur kennel publication in America. Contains each month appropriate reading matter and illustrations of great value to every owner of a dog. Advertisers get excellent results, and the rates are very low. Covers the entire United States and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER. A sample copy will be sent free. Subscription price, 50c a year. EUGENE GLASS, Publisher, Battle Creek, Mich. a ee ‘ Be BOYS AND GIRLS => Cc Nature Study Magazine Organ fof the Chau- See / Nene tauqua Junior Natural- ist and. Crvic Improve- ment Clubs. “FIFTY CENTS A YEAR. Sample sent free. » ADDRESS q ; BOYS AND GIRLS Ithaca, N. Y. _ y, STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Insurance in force Jan. 1, 1904,-..... $100,902,399.00 Assets Jan: 12190! == ee Se 23.249 248.36 Liabilities Jan. 1, 1904 -.................- 21,064,170.00 Surplus Jan. 1, 1904, ----.--20-2-0------ _ $2,185,078.36 A. G. BULLOCK, President. HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary WORCESTER, MASS. Game of Birds A series of fifty-two illustrations of popular birds in colors, true to nature. A beautiful, interesting, and instructive game. 35 CENTS POSTPAID. We will send this FREE for one new subscriber to American Ornithology. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. The Young Idea Normal Clubbing List Offer First—Will send Popular Educator, Primary Education, and The Young Idea for $2.00 for the full year. Offer Second— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, the Young Idea and@ Birds and Nature for $2.25 for full year, with 20 Bird Plates Free. OFFER THIRD—Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and the Bird Magazine for $2.00 for the full year. Offer Fourth—Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education and The Young Idea for $1.25. Offer Fifth— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and Four Track News for $1.60 for a full year. Offer Sixth— Will send Popular Educator or Primary Education, The Young Idea and the SchoolArt Book for $2.00 for the full year. Young Idea and Pets and Animals $ .75 oe ay “ Four Track News aie tie ce “* Boys and Girls 15 RY ““ Suecess 1,10 os “American Educator 1.25 oF os “ Pathfinder 1.10 Correspondence solicited. THE ALLEN COMPANY, 4 Ashburton Place, Boston, Mass, JAMES E. HUGHES, Manager. DOYOU WANTA CAMERA? CAMERA WILL MAKE THE REVOLVING LENS In the AL-VISTA CAMERA swings irom side to side, taking in a scope of nearly 180 degrees; makes a panoramic picture which is true in perspective and without distortion. Makes Pictures Any Size You want them, either from film or the regular glass plates. Is adapted to out door, interior and portrait photography; really FIVE CAMERAS IN ONE AND FOR THE PRICE OF ONE Sold in ten different styles. CAN BE LOADED IN DAYLIGHT SOLD ON EASY PAYMENTS, SEND FOR CATALOGUE, PRICES AND DISCOUNTS [ULTISCOPE & FILM CO. varsns =~ ERA JEFFERSON ST.- BURLINGTON, WIS. = > HICAGSO COLOR KEY TO North American Birds By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with ‘ upward of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, cloth, $2.50. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- = tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. — SSS Ne CHAS. K. REED, Worcester,"Mass. VnYM ws Are you preparing to use them in your school the very first of the term? They are interesting, helpful, and instructive, Send Three Two-cent stamps for catalog contain- £ ing a thousand miniature illustrations, two pic— 4 tures and a picture in three colors. : : : GhePerrp ) ONE CENT EACH Pictures For 25 or More. 120 for $1.00 Would you learn—and teach—about the World’s Great Paintings? SUBSCRIBE FOR The PERRY MAGAZINE $1.00 a year. Monthly except July and August. Are your pupils interested in Bird Study? Serd for a collection of Birds in natural colors. Two cents each for thirteen or more. THE PERRY PICTURE COMPANY Box 413 Malden, Mass. Send all mail orders to Malden et Tremont Temple, Boston, 146 Fifth Ave., New York, PHARAOH’S HORSES. a Sk Oe fare ences NEST d EGGS Methods in the Art of Taxidermy he of North American selec S By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘-Nests and é By OLIVER DAVIE. Eggs of North American Birds-” 2 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. o-oo ) + + oo Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass. LO COO —_— OOO _O—O Thuroughly revised, 60 pp. Fifth Edition. Extra Cloth. Regular Price, $2.25. My Price $1.50, Postpaid or given for four new subscribers. SESEGee EEE Sas O-9-O-O—-- @-6-O-6-H A CHRISTMAS REMINDER a — The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. Kes-Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 The Glass ‘andshoth, Books! i.e. ce tive ces yates ene eee 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONES. THE BEST TALKING MACHINES MABE. §$5 to $100 The Graphophone is the Universal Entertainer. It will Talk, Sing, Laugh and Play. It combines all instruments in one. Send for complete list of records The World-Famous Col- Dre umbia Gold Moulded De Cylinder Records. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS. 7 inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. 10 inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen. Grand Opera Records (10 inch discs only) $2.00 each. The word COLUMBIA on a Talking Machine or Record is a guarantee of merit and genuineness. Columbia Records Fit Any Make of Talking Machine. For Sale by Dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Pioneers and Leaders in the Talking Machine Art. Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. New York. Wholesale, Retail and Export, 353 Broadway. Uptown, Retail only,872 Broadway Chicago, 8 Wabash Ave. Boston, 164 Tremont St. San Francisco, 125 Geary St. Be SW SQ \ Vs I WS CC SS GY b, WZ iy, Wy Y A© IX. Ss SEND US TWO NEW SUBSCRIPTIONS At one dollar each and we will give you 190402 ONE.YEAR Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16. rcor DA Aru vilvall vee iat lull lly stdin ial il cl ll ill lh lg When you go to the WORLD’S FAIR be sure to visit OUR DISPLAY which is located in the PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS, at the intersection of Aisle G and Aisle 4 in Block 53, in the second aisle directly opposite the main entrance. You are cordially invited to inspect our display which is the ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND at the Louisiana Purchase Exposi- tion, and to make our exhibit your headquarters. G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO. ST. LOUIS, MO. ee munporscnersnET es < New York 3 Chicago San Francisco 93 University Place. 39 State St. 819 Market St, Buyin J gH pg go gg go HA Ts FOUR CHRISTMAS GIFTS One Year. Price $1.50. Nothing could be more appropriate than a year’s subscription to ‘‘Birds and Nature’’ as_a Christmas present or birthday gift, for it reminds your friends of the giver each month during the year. Where requested we send a card informing the recipient that through your kindness he will receive ‘‘Birds and Nature”’ for a full year, and cards are mailed so as to reach the subscriber at the proper time. Send the name and $1.50, we do the rest for you. A. B. C. BOOK OF BIRDS. 26 Color Plates and Bird Covers in Colors. Price $1.00. By Mary Catherine Judd. A book for children both large and small. Miss Judd, in this, has prepared a book that will be a delight to every child and will be in- tensely interesting to every adult lover of birds. THE JINGLE BOOK OF BIRDS. 16 Colored Plates. Bird Covers in Colors. Price 60 Cents. By Edward B. Clark. Beautiful pictures, catchy verse. Adopted for township libraries in Wisconsin. This book is for both children and the elders. The lines are not jingles merely, but jingles which have a well-rounded purpose and much of pith and point. The color scheme of the cover is strikingly beautiful. This book will make an appropriate Christmas gift. THE FAIRIES THAT RUN THE WORLD AND HOW THEY DO IT. 30 Fnil-Page Illustrations. Price $1.00. By Ernest Vincent Wright. A beautiful book of children’s stories in verse. The subjects dealt with are well known to children aad many pleasant thoughts regarding the work- ings of Nature may be derived from the pages of this volume. AWARDED GOLD MEDAL, WORLD’S FAIR ST. LOUIS, 1904. A. W. MUMEORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. oo ib Hy eRe: * ae UN TED HE NATURE LIBRARY is the [ents group of books on natural history that gives scientifically accurate information in simple, narra- tive style, and ina way that makes it equally available for studious reference or casual entertainment. It represents the first attempt made to illustrate a work of such magnitude and importance with direct photogra- phic reproductions of living subjects of the animal, bird, fish, insect, and floral worlds in their native conditions. Additional to this photographic literal- ness, the fidelity to nature has been greatly heightencd by color plates, which are so perfectly treated that the exact tint or tone of the living original is preserved through all the varieties of color. Thus the identification of any bird, flower, moth, etc., is easy, and its classification becomes a matter of the utmost simplicity, an advantage of inestimable value to the student or general lover of nature hitherto per- plexed and discouraged by old- fashioned so-called ‘‘keys.”’ This is the first time a systematic effort has been made to bring the read- er into an intimate knowledge, free from fanciful invention, of the lower world. The difficulties of photograph- ing wild animals in their native en- vironment, birds on their nests, and timid creatures in their hidings, are sometimes insuperable; but the success that rewarded the fatigues and hard- Ships of the makers of the NATURE LIBRARY, and which is. attested throughout the pages of the ten beauti- ful volumes, makes this set of books not only unrivaled, but absolutely unique in the field. Besides the 450 hali-tones from photographs taken especially for this | work in all regions of the country, and kes COVNTRY LIFE | DOVBLEDAY PAGE « CO | on WORLDS | ~IN AMERICA --133-135 4137 EGTHST NEW YORK ~ WORK - THE NATURE LIBRARY the 300 extraordinary and remarkably lifelike color plates, there are about 1,500 text-cuts, such as are usually re- garded as all-sufficient illustrations of theses on natural history. In the actual value of the pictorial matter, the purchaser gets more than the price of the ten volumes: and yet the information, charmingly, familiar- ly presented in the 4,000 pages; is a treasury from which the most careless reader may extract a sort of riches he would not willingly lose again. But the NATURE LIBRARY is not hav- ing careless readers. One point more frequently emphasized than any other by those who write in voluntary ac- knowledgment of their satisfaction withthe purchase is the ‘‘entertaining”’ quality of the books. Entertaining they most unquestion- ably are—entertaining to old and young alike; and that was the great object aimed at by the makers of THE NATURE LIBRARY, who believe that the secret of all education is to make instruction entertaining and inspiring. We believe nothing better suited to the double purpose than these ten handsome and beau- tifully illustratedbooks has been offered to the public in many years. Sendus fess this coupon A Christmas Gitt for Bird Lovers, Tell us to whom you wish us to send BIRD- LORE for you during 1905, and we will for- ward a Christmas Card giving your name as donor, a beautiful, nearly life-size drawing of ~ the Northern Shrike, by Ernest Thompson Seton, anda free copyof our December, 1904 issue containing two colored plates. All these will go in time to be received, with your greetings, on Christmas Day and BIRD-LORE will follow, as published, throughout the year. A valuable present easily made. OS $1.00 a year; for Christ nas 5 subscriptions for $4.09, Sisneel Mrompaen 3 subscriptions for $2.50. Reduced line cut Seton’s painting of the Northern Shrike. pamela ecm aa; THE MACMILLAN COMmah is nearly life-size. Publishers for the Audubon Societies, 66 Fifth Ave., New York City. SAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAZAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA LZ American Association of Camera Hunters An Association of wild animal. photographers is being formed Ve AAAAAAAAA for the purpose of promoting the interests of the new form of sport popularly known as “camera hunting.’’ Its main object will be to encourage the use of the camera in preference to the gun, as a means of obtaining sport; but as it is intended that an active assistance in securing the enactment and enforcement of game and bird protective laws shall come within the scope of its activities, it is hoped that it will be an effective means of dis- couraging the unnecessary slaughter of the birds and other wild animals of America. All interested should write to LEROY MELVILLE TUFTS THRUSHWOOD, FARMINGTON, MAINE OVVVVVVVVVVYVVVVY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVY PAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAAALKS bAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA Notice: All Lovers of Birds and Eggs will please send name and address to Dr. S. D. Luther & Son, Fayetteville, Ark. for in- sertion in our Ornithologists’ and Oologists’ Directory. We want every subscriber of this magazine to comply with this request, as we desire this Directory to be complete, and to serve as a medium of exchange. be- tween all of the bird lovers in the U.S., East, West, Northand South. If you desire to ad- vance this fascinating Nature Study to the position, which it deserves, then write us to- day. Your insertion is free gratis. Special ads. at reasonable rates. Subscriptions will be received at once, but no cash remittances will be accepted, until all names are in; at which time all will be given due notice. Ad- dress_all communications to DR. S. D. LUTHER & SON, Box 162, Fayetteville, Ark. The Moth Book. By W.J. HOLLAND. Fully illustrated by color photography. The illustratious of the moths are natural size and the coloring is perfect. With this book it is easy to identify any moth at a glance. Itis by far the best work on moths ever published. $4.00 PREPAID. CHAS. K. REED, © Worcester, Mass. How to Collect Animal Tracks. A simple, inexpensive method of presery- ing accurately the fovtpiinis of birds, mam- mals, etc. Clean, instr:'ctive pastime for boys, girls, sportsmen and naturalists. Send two cent stump for particulars. or 41.00 for complete instructions. J. ALDEN LORING, Owego, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The Oldest, Cheapest and most popu- lar ‘“ BIRD” PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, ERNEST HeesHoORm, Editor and Manager Chili, N. Y. WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Ete. Mention AMERICAN OPNITHOLOGY and large illustrited catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. send for The Condor A Magazine of Western Ornithology EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER For 1905 THE CONDOR has been fortunate in securing cooperation of Mr. William Lovell Finley and Mr. Herman T. Bohlman whose superb photographs of wild birds have never been excelled, and rarely equaled. They will contribute to each issue dur- ing 1905 and the collection of photo- graphs will be notable in the history of ornithology. The first article, in the January issue, details the photographing of an aerie of Western Red-tails, and is illustrated by superb photographs, taken in a huge cotton-wood, 120 feet above the ground. _ Volume VII begins with the January issue and will be better than any pre- ceding volumes. Subscription $1.00 a year. Sample copy, twenty-five cents. Order of JOSEPH GRINNELL, Pasadena, Cal. HAYE YOU A HOBBY ? No matter what itis THE Wrst keeps you posted. Send 10 cents to the undersigned and you will receive for three months the oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur- ios, Relics, Natural History and American Historical Science. Mineral Discoveries, Pho- tography, Souvenir Post Cards, etc. THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEWS. Fifty cents entitles you toa year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es- tablished is 1895 and has the largest circula- tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world, and in size has no rival. Rates small, results large. It will pay you to write us about it. Our motto: “ The best and lots of it.” Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher. Superior, Nebraska. U.S.A. Send dc. for membership card American Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem- bers all parts of the world. Try it. Do You Need a Few ? Your attention is called to my data blanks and field note hooks. Now the STANDARD. Endorsed by advanced collectors and deal- ers. Recommended by Ornithological clubs. A dee to send sample free to all interested. Address, GEO. W. MORSE, Box 230, Ashley, Ind. American Ornithology. A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, II, Ill and IV, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, II, III, 1V and subscription for 1905, $3.50. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. COPYRIGHT, 1903 BY CHAS. K. REED—— VOL. IV DECEMBER, 1904. NO. 12 With this issue we close our fourth volume of American Ornithology. We are gratified for the support that our friends have given us in the past and hope for a continuance of them as we want to make 1905 our banner year. With the lessening of his labors in other directions, the editor will be able to devote more attention to this magazine and he desires the co- operation of all our readers in the matter of supplying notes and short stories. With the material and photographs that we already have in hand, we can state that our magazine will be second to none during the ensuing year, and we trust that our readers will aid us by calling the atten- tion of the magazine to all their friends and by renewing their subscrip- tions promptly. Special offers of A. O.in combination with other books will be found on the advertising pages. We have in preparation a note book for bird observations that will be novel in many respects. It will be ready by Jan. Ist, and will be sent to all our subscribers. We have bound in this number, the Title Page and Frontispiece for this volume. It can be removed in one sheet by bending up the binding wires, and bound in the front of the book. We wish to call the attention of our readers to the Association of Cam- era Hunters that is being formed. It will be for the interest of everyone interested in bird photography or protection to be identified with this association. It will mean’ much towards the preservation of our wild birds. It is being formed by Mr. LeRoy Melville Tafts of Farmington, Me. See notice among our ads. this month. “MOTIVMS N&Va IW “A “A Aq oft] wos oyoyd SOME MAINE FRIENDS. Last July, while coming down a mountain side, I passed a small thicket; and, happening to look at it I saw a Loggerhead Shirke sitting on a branch, not more than four feet from me. I stopped, and the bird then flew noiselessly away. I easily distinguished him from “‘Lanius borealis’? by the absence of wavy bars on the breast and by a line across the forehead at the base of the bill. This was my first experience with the Loggerhead, though I had seen the commoner Northern Shrike or ““Butcher-bird’’ before. In a dense growth of alders, bushes, and small cedars bordering a stream I saw several interesting birds. Among these the Golden- crowned Kinglet, Woodcock and Wilson Warbler deserve mention. The Wilson Warbler first attracted my attention by its sharp and per- sistent chipping. The bird hopped about near me fearlessly, and I recognized it by the yellow body and black band on the crown. The damp bed of the stream furnished a feeding ground for the Woodcocks — and I frequently saw them there at work. Of the Golden-crowned Kinglet I caught only a fleeting glimpse. In the pine woods we find everywhere the white-throated Sparrow, or “Peabody-bird.’”’ This fat sociable sparrow is seen sometimes singly, sometimes in flocks. Asarule they do not sing much, but their call note “‘chink’’, so well likened by Mr. Bickwell to the sound Of a marble cutter’s chisel, is most frequently heard. Purple Finches, Redstarts, and Cedar wax-wings are frequent visitors about the house. The Purple Finches arrive in flocks, have a sociable talk in the tree-tops, and then disappear. One pair of cedar-birds al- Ways nests on our grounds. In 1902 and 1903 they built in a neighbor- ing poplar, but this year the nest was placed in a hedge. Seeing one of the birds always perched on an overhead telegraph wire I concluded the nest must be in the hedge. It was finely concealed, and I would never have found it and the four speckled eggs but for a couple of tell- tale straws, which protruded through one side of the hedge from the bottom of the nest. About the same time I also found another Cedar-bird’s nest, but this was placed far out on a long branch of a solitary pine. The parent birds saw me standing near and at first did not venture to approach the nest and feed their young ones. But when they finally did, they 308 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. hopped out along the branch to the nest, as though they thought them- selves successfully screaned by pine needles. A tall, branching poplar, standing on our grounds, besides furnish- ing a nest for Cedar-birds, also supplies a home for the Yellow War- bler. Last summer the nest was placed on a branch, about twelve feet from the ground, and easily accessible. But it ended in disaster, and this year the Yellow-birds chose another site, owing to certain maraud- ing felines. At all times during the day Ruby-throated Hummingbirds come to. feed from the boxed geraniums on our piazza railings, and from their favorite honeysuckle. CHARLES LEE BRowN. BIRD HOMES, On a warm sultry afternoon, I was seated beside a little stream in the woods upon a tree that had fallen across the brook. There were no birds singing, they appeared to have deserted the place for the time being. When all of a sudden a pair of tufted Titmice came flying swiftly through the woods, and apparently not taking notice of me, landed on the tree upon which I was sitting, only a few feet away. I kept perfectly still and the birds, after going through a few maneuvers, hopped into the brook at my feet and took a bath. From there they flew into a near-by tree and dressed their feathers. I have this season found my first Oven-bird nest, although I repeat- edly made fruitless searches. A friend and myself were going through the woods when a small bird crossed our path, keeping to the ground and running. We recognized it at once as the Oven-bird and made no attempt to follow it; but began searching the ground where we had first noticed it, and to our surprise discovered a nest with two young and one egg. It was very well concealed and looked like the nest of a field mouse, a round ball! of dried grass, so well did the dome cover the nest. Closer observation proved that one side was open where the bird passed in and out, but this side was protected by a tussock of grass. So with all these protections we never would have found the nest were it not for the parent birds. Later inthe season, June 27th, I found another nest situated in a roadway in the woods only a few inches from the rut where the wagon wheels passed. I tramped upon a large limb that lay two feet from the nest, causing the bird to leave and in this way discovared the second nest this season containing four young about a week old. The old birds showed great concern and came very close to me with wings and tail trailing on the ground AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 309 evidently trying to lead me away from their treasure. I took notice of the golden crown on their head, this is hard to distinguish unless the bird is close to you. I have observed a number of times where birds often put to flight and chase other birds larger than themselves. For instance you have often seen the Kingbird and Redwing black bird; how they delight in pursuing the large Crow, whenever he invades their territory. They say the Crow is a coward and this seems to prove it. I have in turn seen a pair of Crows chase a large Turkey Vulture that was trying to seek shelter in the woods. On another occasion I saw a Hawk pursued by about a dozen Crows. Hawks are generally known to be daring and show fight but he offered no resistance, possibly on account of the large number against him. Few birds other than some of our larger species are known to show courage enough to attack a person in defense of its nest. You seldom read of a small bird that will defend its home against a person. Ihave one to mention. The bird was an Orchard Oriole. About six years ago when I was fourteen years old, I found the nest in an apple orchard. I was bare-footed and climbed the tree. The birds came around me, but I did not take particular notice of them; while examining the con- tents of the nest one of them flew directly at my feet, its sharp bill penetrated my skin with enough force to cause the blood to flow. The birds flew around me in a way that made it anything but comfortable for me, and I quickly got down from the tree. I have been at the nests of Kingbirds already that would dart downwards at me as if they were going to attack me, but have no where except in the above cited instance encountered such determined resistance on the part of a small bird. JACOB STEHMAN. 5; aie Ze ; Cents Ss a Mahar 2 Bin BO Fon BAI UA 8p Sener = ee if So NV hy De ere 310 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. THE AMERICAN HERRING GULL. There is an interesting colony of American Herring Gulls on a small island on the southern coast of Nova Scotia, known as Seal Isand. They are quite plentiful here in the breeding season, coming about the middle of March and remaining until October or November. A few of the young spend the winter here. They are a very dark brownish gray, slightly marked or mottled with light. The third year they have the plumage of an adult. Here their nests are mostly in trees but a few build on the ground. When in these the nests are more stoutly constructed than when on the ground. The nest in the picture was built of grass and sticks and was taken on a cloudy day with two seconds exposure. One day in June I determined to get a pictureof a Gull on her nest, so set out armed with camera and string. I selected a suitable nest, focussed on it and covered my camera with moss and sticks. Then making my string fast to the shutter I concealed myself under some Photo by Bernice Crowell. GULL SITTING ON NEST. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Sala stumps of trees and prepared to wait for my picture. After waiting about two hours, down came the Gull and alighted near the camera. Walking up to it she picked off some of the moss and then settled on her nest still holding some of the moss in her bill. I pulled the string and gave about four seconds exposure as it was in the dark part of the wood and being late in the afternoon, the long shadows were stealing through the forest. She did not seem to hear the sound of the shutter and did not move until I commenced to whistle. She then flew up with a scream and soon had all the neighboring Gulls in the air. Sometimes after waiting for three and four hours covered with sticks, moss and brush, I have found on developing the plate, a Gull with two bills and four eyes, but this only made me more anxious to succeed. The nest containing two chickens and one egg was taken on a bright day with one second exposure. BERNICE CROWELL. The Herring Gull is one of the largest of the family, being about two feet in length and having an expanse of nearly five feet. It is exceed- ed in size by the Black-backed and Glaucous Gulls, the first being much darker on the back and the latter much lighter. They have yellow bills and eyes, flesh-colored feet, a pearly gray mantle, the rest of the plu- mage being white in summer and the head slightly striped with dusky in the winter. Immature specimens are a uniform dark gray with lighter edges to the feathers. They nest on islands from Maine north- wards and winter from Massachusetts southwards. They build on the ground unless disturbed when they take to the trees. They fly with their bill in a line with the body and are frequently seen resting on the water. Their food is wholly animal matter, chiefly fish. EGG OF HERRING GULL, (Natural Size.) SZ AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A PROTECTED GULL COLONY, By C. A. REED, Situated about seven miles south of Mt. Desert off the coast of Maine is a small island, triangular in shape, and about one and one half miles long by three quarters of a mile in width. As long ago as can be re- membered this island has been tenanted with Herring Gulls, as are most of the other islands of the Maine coast, and on this one, as well as the others,the birds were continually persecuted. Fishermen made regular trips during the nesting season and gathered bushels of eggs for food, while the Indians and hunters slaughtered the birds out of pure wanton- ness. pe rercsoseac Many beautiful little islands, with rock-bound shores, dot the Maine coast, many adorned with light-houses to keep the mariner on _ his course. The Gulls and Terns have been all driven off of a great many islands where they formerly nested and were in a fair way of meeting the same fate on Duck Island, but owing to the earnest work of a few bird protectionists, the three lighthouse keepers on the island were appointed wardens and now zealously guard the colony against the depredations of mankind. . We had fully intended making our trip to the island during the first week in July, but owing to the pressure of business it was the morning AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 313 Mr. VanHorn’s house on Great Duck Island. Little Duck Island is seen in the distance and in the extreme distance are the highlands of Mount Desert. of the eighteenth before we arrived at Rockland and took the steamer on the Mount Desert line. It was a dismal morning the fog being so dense that it was impossible to see the sky or evena boat’s length ahead. With her whistle continually blowing deep-toned, ominous blasts, the boat slowly threaded her way among the many small islands, beautiful in fair weather but now only hazy outlines or invisible. My anticipations of many photos taken ‘enroute’ were dispelled early and the camera was not brought into requisition that day and might as well have been left at home the next, the atmosphere being so thick that it could literally have been cut with a knife. With the aid of a gasoline launch we made our way from Southwest Harbor, the southernmost stopping place on Mount Desert, to Duck Island being guided by the compass and the fog whistle which is blown at minute intervals in foul weather. We made our headquarters at the cottage of Mr. Van Horn who, with the exception of the three lighthouse keepers, is the only inhabitant on the island. Heis a typical New England fisherman, bronzed by the sun and the elements. He daily makes the rounds of his lobster traps, each marked by its floating buoy, and upon his return the proceeds of his days or nights catch are deposited in an old covered dory which has been converted into a fish car, and from this receptacle they are once a 314 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. week transferred to a fishing smack which makes the rounds, and by them sold to the wholesale markets. It was about two o’clock in the afternoon that we landed on the narrow gravel beach in front of the fishermen’s, this being the only place along the whole shore that was not bound by rocks or ledges. A dull yellow- ish ball dimly glowing in the sky showed that, but for the fog, the day would have been pleasant. Occasionally a gull slowly flapped overhead but there was no indication of the large colony that was just over the hill on the other side of the island. Song Sparrows were very numerous and there was nearly always one of them to be seen sitting on one of the fence posts, his throat swelling with the melody he was producing. A pair of Barn Swallows twittered under the eaves of the building and Flickers shrieked from the dead trees on the top of the hill, while along the edges of an inland pool a number of Sandpipers teetered in evident enjoyment. As we made our way around the island following the shore, above the roar of the break- Photo by Bernice Crowell. NEST AND EGGS OF HERRING GULL. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. SiS ers on the rocks we could soon hear strange sounds; as we continued, these sounds grew louder and louder, sounding like crowds of people cheering, dogs barking, college yells, barnyard fowls or in fact most any- thing that the fancy dictated. Of course we knew it could not come from but one source, the Gulls, and as we approached every rise of ground we fully expected to see the great white birds on the other side but instead would be greeted by a still louder volume of sound from beyond the next hill. Photo by Bernice Crowell. EGGS AND YOUNG OF HERRING GULL. (Showing the beautiful spotted downy plumage.) Finally as we forced our way through a dense thicket of pines we be- held the foremost ranks of the largest of the two colonies on the island. For a number of minutes we stood in the shadows of the trees watching them. Many were circling about in the air uttering their harsh, noisy and varied cries, but the majority, seeing no cause for alarm were either perched on the dead pine stumps or walking about on the ground. Of those that were standing on the trees a large number held their wings outspread, facing the wind, as though, even while at rest, they delighted in feeling the rush of air beneath them. Their buoyancy was shown at times when a heavier gust of wind came, for they would al- most be lifted bodily into the air; they might easily have varied their angle and sailed aloft without a visible movement of their powerful wings. Those on the ground seemed to be walking aimlessly about in 316 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. A characteristic view in the largest of the Gull colony showing the tangled masses of standing and fallen trunks. a surprisingly graceful manner for so large a bird with such short legs. A few seemed to be playing a game of tag; one would start chasing another,whereupon a third would often cross between the two and would then be pursued by the starter of the game just as children do in ‘cross tag’. We frequently saw this game, if such it was, played, the birds continuing until they appeared to tire of it. Another game is mentioned by my friend Mr. Parker who has visited the island during the past two seasons but we were not fortunate enough to see it during our stay. It might be called the tug of war. One bird picks up a small stick, perhaps six or eight inches long and, advancing up to another offers it the other end of the stick; this individual catch- ing the spirit of the fun, grasps the end and then ensues a silent but vigorous tussle to see who shall retain possession; no animosity seems to be shown by either party and the stick is dropped as soon as one gains the victory. Scattered about among the large white Gulls were many smaller grayish, wooly looking creatures mounted on stilt like legs, and, as AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 317 they sped over the ground, reminding one of the sheep with which the island is also inhabited. [These young Gulls, for such they were, we found to be the most lively youngsters that we had ever handled. They could, and would upon the slightest provocation or, in fact, no provo- cation at all, run like deer and hide themselves under the nearest stump or fallen limb. We were very much disappointed not to find a single occupied nest containing eggs. Several of them had single eggs which had not hatched but not one had a complete set or even young which were not large enough to run all over the island. The part of the island used by the birds was composed of hills and hollows covered with a carpeting of grass now almost worn off with the tramping of the birds feet; many dead pine stumps were standing, some with branches, others with none; and a great many more had fallen down making large inpenetratable barriers that must be climbed over or gone around. At the foot of every stump and under every prostrate trunk were one or more hollows in the ground, denoting where a nest full of little Gulls had been raised. The young Gulls hid among the rocks and their black and gray plumage harmonized beautifully with their surroundings. 318 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Showing the rocky . dhupamar of the shore, where boulders weighing tons are hurled about during winter storms. We also found that there were a great many scattering nests among the large rocks that were tumbled in heaps along the shore; here they were made of piles of dead grass and seaweed, whereas in the interior they were unlined hollows in the ground. The next day we appeared in the same place with our battery of cameras and ammunition of plates, and although it was still very hazy we proceeded to make the best of the situation. As there were no nests with eggs, there were no stable home attractions to lure a gull into the desired range and situation. Obviouslyit would be useless to focus the camera on a nest even though if*contained young birds as the parent only had to give a few commands in Gull language and the whole nestful of youngsters would take to their heels leaving nothing for the camera to focus upon except the bare ground. This is one of the occasions where a bird that hatches chicks covered with down has a great advantage over those whose young must remain in the nest for two or three weeks; if they are AMLRICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ong afraid to go to the nest, its occupants will come to them. All that we could do was to make shots as the occasion offered at the old birds, either flying or sitting on the trees, but we could not get them nearer than twelve or fifteen feet, as we would have had we been there two weeks earlier. Our troubles in photographing the adult birds were as nothing when we turned our attention to the young. We could easily get them huddled down between rocks or even under stumps, if simply views of their rudimentary tail feathers were satisfactory, for that was all that could be seen in such cases, their heads being hidden deeply in the recesses. Time after time we lifted them out of their retreat, carefully focussed on them while held in the hands on the ground and told them to stand up and look their prettiest, but no sooner were they released than they were going at full speed for another cover; and how they could run! They were at once the most agile and the most awkward of anything that I have seen; they would tumble and fall flat over anything from a straw to a stick or stone, and one little fellow in his haste got his legs tangled up with each other and rolled end over end for a few feet until he could get straightened out and continue his On the rock-bound north shore where the waves beat and a small colony of Gulls nested. 320 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. mad career. The first nook that they came across was their hiding place; if large onough to conceal them, well and good, if not, it had to answer even though only their head was out of sight. Vexatious as it was not to get the pictures we wanted, we laughed at the antics of the young birds until the tears rolled down our cheeks, and as I heard the excited cachinatiens of the parent birds I thought of the old saying, “Laugh and the world laughs with you, etc.’’ but whether they were laughing or not, I am not prepared to say, but if they had the slightest sense of the ridiculous, they must have been laughing to see us try to head off and photograph their unruly children. Since returning home, I have often thought that perhaps we pursued the wrong course in try- ing to calm them; instead of soft and soothing tones to keep them quiet, if we had imitated the shouts, cries and cackles of their parents perhaps they would have minded us. Many of the Gulls were on the ground while others curved grace- fully through the air, all noisily cackling. Although estimating the number of birds in a place can not always be satisfactory, we judged as best we could from the flying birds, the nests and the noise, that there must be about five hundred pairs of adult birds in this colony snd perhaps a hundred pairs in a smaller AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 321 With some difficulty we rounded wp some of the sheep where we could make a photograph of them. colony on the other side of the island. Other avian residents on Great Duck Island besides the gulls, sparrows and sandpipers, were Leach’s Petrels which had honeycombed the higher parts with their burrows, Black Guillemots which were numerous and nested on the more rocky and precipitous northeastern side, a few pairs of White-bellied Swallows that nested in holes in the decayed pine stubs, many Juncos and an Owl which was heard several times but not seen. Several hundred sheep are on the island and some of them were in sight at most any time. These animals which are owned by a party living on the main- land are left on the island all winter with little shelter and no food ex- cept what they can gather along the shores. We also learned that there were several cats on the island and these accounted for about a dozen Petrel burrows that we found torn up; a few small mounds of gray feathers told the rest of the story. The cats certainly found prov- ender very abundant and easily obtained. The third day we spent on Little Duck Island a smaller island locat- ed about a mile north of Great Duck. Although not having more than 392 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. one quarter the area of the large island we found that this one contain- ed fully as large a colony of Gulls. When we landed they rose from the ground and trees in clouds, making a din that could easily be heard on the large island, a mile away, as we found out the next day. We found conditions here the same as on the other island only a larger percentage of the birds nested among the rocks on the shore. The eggs had all hatched and the young were as unwilling subjects to study as the others had proved. I think that without doubt many of the young of those birds that nest on the rocks are lost by falling into crevices from which they are unable to extricate themselves. On two They stood on the tops of the stunted pines, always facing the wind and otten with wings gracefully outspread. occasions we rescued a little fellow from such a situation, when there appeared to be no possible way for him to escape unless the Gulls maintain a hook and ladder service for emergencies. Occasionally we would see a couple of young Gulls swimming, always accompanied by their anxious parents who seemed to be showing them just how to do it. The weather was still very hazy but much clearer than on the pre- vious day and it was on this island that we made the most of our pic- tures. When we went inside the tent which we had set up, the birds seemed to think that we had left the island, the noise gradually ceased and the birds settled down one by one, some on the tops of little pines within about twelve feet of us. They all eyed the strange rock-colored AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 323 contrivance that covered us, with curiosity and distrust and the slight- est movement of the cloth was sufficient to start some keen eyed indi- vidual into a frenzy of excitement. This island also abounded in Petrel burrows and there were more Guillemots than on the large island. On one end of the island we saw about a hundred of them at a time sitting in rows on the edges of the large boulders where the spray from the breaking surf continually dashed over them. The morning upon which we were to return home dawned clear, with- out a vestige of fog or mist so that, for the first time during our visit, we could plainly see Little Duck Island from our house, and also Mount Desert in the distance. Soon we also saw the little launch puff- ing noisily toward the island meaning that our stay was about at an end, and much as we regretted leaving just as the sunshine had come, after four days of fog, business demanded it. As we stood in the stern of the steamer and watched the islands fade away in the distance, it was with the hope that next year about two weeks earlier might find us in the same place. Many yachts, owned by wealthy summer residents of Bar Harbor, passed the island. : 324 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. D. SA y “The American ae s tf T was a beautiful day in early May. Through the cloudless sky the sun had shone from early morn, warming the green fields, shining on the glossy spring leaves and opening the apple blossoms, until now it was slowly sinking, a red, fiery ball, behind a distant hill. A cool evening breeze was sweeping over the near by marshes, matting down the brown last year’s grass, through which a river wound its way in and out to the ocean. Here and there lines of mist, soft and white, in the twilight marked the passage of some brook, or inlet of the river. Among the sedges and tuffs of sea grass stood a lone fisherman, the Bittern. Nota muscle of his body moved, even his eye seemed made of glass. Now and then as a wagon rumbled over a distant bridge, he slowly lowered himself into the grass only ina few minutes to slowly rise again as silent as ever. Once there was a dash of his long neck, seeming to unroll itself from his shoulders, and the white belly of a- frog gleamed for a second from between his mandibles. At last as twilight settled over the marshes, he slowly raised his head, thus mak- ing himself about a foot taller than the surrounding grass, and calmly gazed about. Then he slowly straightened himself and drew back his wings, folding them tightly on his back, thus showing his light brown sides. Standing thus he filled his lungs, by deep breaths, three or four times. Then drawing his head between his shoulders he quickly shot it up and out as if nauseated, and at the same time large bunches went back and forth in his neck. When the head was drawn between the shoulders a peculiar squeak- ing noise was made and when the air reached his mouth a sound like rushing water filled the marsh. Three times he repeated this song in succession and then after waiting about four minutes he again repeated it three times, and so on always three times in succession, until dark- ness crept over the land. Then with a loud squawk he flew out low over the marshes to join some distant friends in sleep. Near at hand the song might be suggested by the words, pump-er- lunk, or by the pumping of a lift pump. But at a distance the last syllable only reaches the ear, making the sound from which he derives the name stake driver. = AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 325 n > Les = y , Le ied He flew from the big cedar to the cornice of the house. That was when I first saw him. He stood there a moment, curiously looking at the smooth boards, but seeing no prospect for a breakfast, he took wing again, this time going to a locust tree. I recognized him as a Red-breasted Nuthatch, the first one I ever saw. As soon as I saw him standing like a little statue on the cornice, I thought how pretty he would look, mounted in the position, and disagreeable thought it was. I could not banish the thought from my mind. I went out to get better acquainted with him. As he busily searched the locust tree he now and then uttered a queer little ““quair-quair-quair-quair,’’ in a nasal voice. Finishing the locust, he flew around the corner to the big hackberry tree. Ah! surely he would find a good breakfast here, where the rough: bark afforded so many hidden places for the insect world. Alighting he stood a moment in an expectant attitude, before he began scamper- ing over the tree. Sometimes he would loose himself far up among the branches. Than again, I would find him only a foot or two from my head, gazing curiously at me. Whatever he thought of me I never knew. He made nocomment. After a little he unceremoniously re- resumed his climbing. Sometimeshe would dart out into the air after a gnat. Once he ran out to the very tip of a long limb that drooped to within three feet of the ground. He clung to the tip, and with head downward looked long and silently at his image in a pan of water on the ground below. Then as if remembering he was idle, he scampered hastily back up the limb again. I thought if I were going to secure him I had better do so as soon as possible, for I knew not when he might leave our trees to resume his journey southward. I shot him as he ran along a limb within six feet of me. And Ia bird lover! Bird lover? Bosh! He fluttered lightly, noislessly to the ground. Gently I took him up. In his eyes there was only suffering— 326 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. nothing more. He knew not why, nor by whom he suffered. That was all. And his blood trickled through my fingers. Only a little blood, yet his life’s blood—blood that had all his life kept that little body warm, and on the move—climbing—climbing—climbing. Gradually as I watched, I saw the film of death steal over his little eyes—blotting out the look of mute suffering. Andso he died. [I laid him down and washed the blood from my hands. It seemed as if I should never get it off. And Nature seemed to frown on me as the murderer of her child. I would not mount him. No! no! If I could not give him back those little drops of warm red blood, those shining little eyes, I was sure I would not mock Nature by stuffing him with chaff, giving him a pair of expressionless glass eyes. Many of my readers have mounted birds. Sister, brother, what do you find in those stiff, lifeless forms, those hard, glassy eyes, that set mocking stare, to admire? I took him out under the cottonwoods—the great cottonwoods—and at the base of the largest, I buried him. And now, when I go out there, to sit on the great roots that spring from the tree, and rest, I al- ways think of that little bird. I picture to myself a tree, in far away Canada, a tree with a little pitch-smeared opening in the bark, and clinging to the pitch, here and there, a little faded, rusty feather. It is the home of our little bird, the only home he ever knew. He left it at Nature’s bidding, to go, he knew not where, trusting solely to her guidance, and never dreaming but that she would guide him safely back, some sweet day. I have told all too well the fate he met far from home, in a strange land. And I, who have often smilingly, even proudly informed my friends that “I’m a bird lover,’’ have given the lie to my own words by deliberately taking the life of one of the most interesting and confiding of all my bird acquaintances. I sit by his little grave and ponder thus till twilight grows into dusk, and as I rise to go the rustling leaves whisper:— “Tread lightly here, for here ’tis said, When piping winds are hushed around, A small note wakes from under ground, Where now his tiny bones are laid. No more, in lone and leafless groves, With ruffled wing and faded breast, His restless, homeless, spirit roves: Cone to the land where birds are blest.”’ Bos WHITE. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BD MRS. PHOEBE’S DOMESTIC DIFFICULTIES. “Phoebe, Phoebe, Phoeberic,’’ that tells me that the Phoebe’s have arrived. I know where to look for him, but he repeats his call note, perhaps a dozen times, before I discover him on the barn. He is about the size of an English sparrow, but is shaped like a King- bird. His upper parts are a dull slate, the head and tail being darker than the back. Underparts are light ash. The Phoebe deserves to be called the Great Flycatcher, for that seems to be one of his chief occupations. He even interrupts his call to dart after one. Well, Mrs. Phoebe decided it was time to go to housekeeping, and after looking at several other places, decided that the ledge in the top of our north porch was just the right place fora home. She would fly into the porch and hover quite a minute, chattering all the time, and I imagined she said, “Its too high for a cat to reach, I can see when the door is opened, so I’ll not be taken by surprise, and that post at the corner of the flower bed will be just the place to rest after a long chase after flies.” The next day they began carrying mud but only succeeded in drop- ping enough for a nest on the floor. The ledge was too narrow and the mud not of a good quality for nest material. They worked so hard that after two or three days we took pity on them and tacked up a shingle. They soon had the foundation laid and began to rear the sup- erstructure, which was composed of fragments of cedar bark, wool, and string, also a few horse hairs, with a lining of wool, feathers and other soft material. They mix the other material with the mud much as masons do plaster, which gives the nest a fuzzy appearance. There were four little white eggs when she began to sit. Soon af- ter this I missed the male bird and I neither saw nor heard him till the young birds were nearly ready to fly. The poor little mother had to work early and late to keep them fed, but even that was notenough. After he came back he would not let her feed them, when she flew to the nest he would chase her out before she could alight. Often she would try a dozen times before she suc- ceeded. One day we heard him making a great fuss and on going to the win- dow, saw him take one of the birds from the nest and drop it on the porch floor. Mother picked it up and found a hole under its wing where he had struck his bill. It gasped a minute and died. He kept at it and watched his chance till he had killed them all, then began calling, “Phoebe, Phoebe, S-w-e-e-t Phoebe,’ I thought, Oh, yes, you little heathen I’d like to wring your neck. 328 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Meek little Mrs. Phoebe was more easily reconciled than I and be- gan to repair the nest, covering the one egg that had not hatched. She laid three eggs and began to sit. As soon as she began to sit he left again—I hoped, for good. When the birds were about half grown I noticed they looked droopy. Mother picked one up and her hands were covered with tiny lice. The nest was Swarming with them so we tore it down and sprayed the en- tire porch with brine. I think Mrs. Phoebe must have believed in the maxim, “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again,’’ for in the latter part of the summer we found a nest in the granery. The granery is built in a side hill and the south side of the basement is left open. The nest was built on a railroad spike that is driven into a beam. So far as I know, nothing happened to this nest full. MaAvupbE L. MILLER, Springbrook, Mich. DON'T KILL THE BIRDS. ‘Tis a beautiful morning,’’ a sportsman said. The world looks so happy let’s each take a gun and go out and kill something for pas- time and fun. And proudest be him who counts the most dead.”’ They blotted out lives that were happy and good; blinded eyes, and broke wings that delighted to soar. They killed for mere pleasure and crippled and tore. Regardless of aught but the hunger for blood. ‘’Tis a beautiful morning,’’ a sportsman cried, who carried a kodak instead of a gun. ‘The world looks so happy, so golden the sun; I’ll slip to the woods; where wild things hide.’ The deer that he shot never dreamed of his aim, the birds he caught went on with their song, peace followed his footsteps, not slaughter and wrong; yet rich were his trophies and varied his game. Dr. W. C. Gray, editor of the Interior, speaking of his experience in killing a deer some years ago, and his determinatian never to kill another, said: “I wish the gentle and innocent things could know of: my conversion to Christianity.”’ We are told in the Bible that ““God created every winged fowl after his kind; and God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, say- ing: ‘Be fruitful, and Jet fowl multiply in the earth.” It is a sad fact that man is not permitting the birds of the air to mul- tiply as God directed; they are wantonly killed for sport of man, and boys destroy thousands of eggs and nestlings each year. Fashion decrees that women must wear the plumage of wild birds for ornaments. Glance at the bonnets atany church service and note the AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ies) 29) large number of graceful plumes known as aigrettas. There is not a woman who does not know that these plumes are obtained only by the most cruel and barbarous methods. How can she kneel and partake of the holy communion while wearing them? Can the children of the Sunday- schools grow to be good men and women unless they are taught that kindness to all God’s creatures is a part of Christian life? The Saviour says: ‘Not a sparrow shall fall to the ground without your Father’s knowledge.’’ This certainly means that human beings will be held responsible for all acts of cruelty to even the most humble of God’s creatures. Birds are a check on insect life, and so lessen the labor of the tiller of the soil. Scientific study during the past two decades has demon- strated the fact that birds are the most valuable friends the agricultural- ist has. ‘They destroy insect pests and noxious vermin. They alsoeat thousands of tons of weed seeds, which if left to propogate, would soon overrun the land. Birds require no pay for their labors, they only ask to be left alone to enjoy in peace and safety the life the creator gave them, the same Tight that every good citizen enjoys. A clever, handsome woman kindly disposed enough to be singing for a settlement club, wears around her hat a complete wreath of smashed humming birds. Not only their feathers, whose beauty might for a moment make us forget their background of death, but the wretched little creatures’ dislocated wings and dried heads, with staring, glassy eyes, so ugly in their unnaturalness as to call anyone’s attention to the animal. To kill for ornament, is a thing no creature does but man—and man has ceased to do that in civilized races. As intelligence increases, as education extends, as the higher sympa- thies develop the associative idea of death and pain becomes stronger, than the sensuous effect of color. a But our women in this respect are not civilized. Their love for beads and spangles shows the true savage in his harmless nearness, and their indifference to cruelty even in its proudest exhibition, shows that savage in darker colors. What does it cost, this garniture of death? It costs the life which God alone can give. It costs dull silence where was music’s breath. It costs dead joy, that foolish pride may live. “Telegram’’ M. D. W. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 330 “qSo110q u a Aq ost Wory OFOGd (}80}UO9D JUSD0A INO UI dzIId 4satyy JO TOUTE ) “AVE VNOZIAV AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Soil OS ARTONATAY, 000004 A. O. U. No. 482. (Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae). RANGE. Northern Mexico north to southern Arizona and New Mexico. F NEST AND EGGS. The Arizona Jay usually builds its nest in young trees at elevations of from six to fifteen feet from the ground. The nest is made of small sticks, twigs and rootlets carelessly woven together, and sometimes lined and sometimes not, with horse hair or fine grass. This bird differs from all other American Jays in that it lays plain blue eggs with- out markings. They are three or fourin number and are usually laid in April. HABITS. Arizona Jays are common residents in southern Arizona, frequenting the oak saplings among the foothills of the mountains. They appear to be more sociable than most of our Jays and a number of them fre- quently build in the same grove. They are also very noisy, their calls being as harsh and varied as those of the common Blue Jay of the east. They have the family traits of the race, especially that of thievery, and repeatedly rob the nests of smaller birds, of both the eggs and young. During the nesting season this forms their staple article of diet; it is no uncommon sight to see one of them carrying the young of another bird in its beak to feed its own offspring. They are very restless and nervous, and are often seen hiding food in crevices in the bark or on the ground although it is very probable that they find and utalize but a very small percentage of what they thus conceal. All other birds seem to recognize this blue fellowas an enemy and make a continual outcry while one is near their home. Besides animal matter their food consists of various kinds of insects, nuts, berries and more than anything else, acorns. Itis not at alluncommon tu find one with half a dozen of the latter in his crop at the same time. By their destruction of grasshoppers it is probable that they may do considerable good in the course of the year but their many grave faults serve to render this good unnoticed. With the exception of the Pinon Jay they are the dullest colored of the family found in our borders. AMERICAN ORNITIIOLOGY. = — =——— —- —— ——— NA s ARIZONA JAY. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 333 -RIENDS Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My DEAR YOUNG FOLKs: It was hard-to select from the many excellent reasons which you sent why we should care for the birds, but I know that many of the little sprites are enjoying the food which your thoughtfulness has provided for them these sharp mornings. I wish you might have been with me and seen a game which was played, early in October, in a large field’ filled with mullen stalks. The game was not football, nor was it baseball but resembled the old game you sometimes play,—’ Pussy wants a corner,’’ only there were hundreds of ‘“‘corners’”’ instead of four, and the corners were the Clusters of end pods upon waving spires of mullien. It might have been called a ““Yale Field,’’ for the Yale colors were floating every- where. Bluebirds by the hundreds were darting about from stalk to: stalk exchanging places exactly as you run from corner to corner im your games. They seemed to be having such a good time, and my friend and I watched the charming sight for half an hour, then were obliged to leave with the game still in progress. Some other Blue- birds were poised upon the weathervane upon the top of the barn, the other day—one upon the head of the gilt horse, one upon the tail, and two others upon each end of the vane at right angles. These birds also exchanged places, murmuring all the while a sweet song. Do you suppose that birds really play games and enjoy them as you do? Probably you have all seen crows and other birds which surely seem to be having sport. With this number are carried our wishes for a very Merry Christmas to our lads and lasses scattered throughout our country from ocean to ocean. Cordially your friend Mrc MERRYTHOUGHT- 334 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. ROLL OF HONOR. Lillian M. Weeks, Marietta, Ohio. Russell Adams, St. Johnsburg, Vt. Abbie Wadenburg, Curran, III. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I. James H. Chase, Logansport, Ind. Olcott W. Bronson, Topeka, Kansas. Aum © WOH ANSWERS TO NOVEMBER PUZZLES. Enigma. Redstart. 1. Hourglass. Raven. 2.Hourglass. Crane. FIVE REASONS WHY WE SHOULD CARE FOR AND PROTECT THE BIRDS. 1. Because they are useful to farmers, gardeners and fruit-growers by destroying many insects, worms and weed seeds which would harm grain, fruit and vegetables. 2. Their song cheers many a discouraged heart to try again, and in my mind puts the finishing touch to all nature. 3. Because of the lessons of patience and industry they teach us in building their homes and caring for their young. 4. They give beauty and animation to out door life. 5. We should protect them, so the generations following may enjoy them the same as we do. Oxcotr W. BRONSON, ABBIE WADENBURG, LILLIAN M. WEEKS, RUSSELL ADAMS. ENIGMA. NO. 1. 7-15-4-17 and 17-9-4-11-3-12 were eating 6-7-12-9-13 and 6-15-19-16-8-7 in a 6-3-7-20-2. 11-7-12-5. When they had 8-18-4-12-14 they 1-12-14-19 up in the top 1-17-8-7-12 other. When at last the 13-3-14-13-12-7 bell rang. They rode back on 4-21-5 hay 20-9-7-11. RuSsELL ADAms, St. Johnsburg, Vt. ENIGMA. NO. 2. The sixteen letters forming 4-7 name prove that 14 am as beautiful as the sunlight. Why 16-11 people like to wear 3-8 on their hats, I wonder. Iam pretty of course, but I look ever 1-11 much better flying about in the sunshine than 14 would still and stiff and lifeless! I never AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 335 16-14-16 7-11-2 any harm, 3-6-1. 1-12-5-7-9-8-6, please don’t ask for 3-7 brother’s wings and breast for 7-11-2-15 picture hat. I 12-14-9-10 sing my very best and cheer 7-11-2-15 garden with my song, and I will call all the members of my family together and 12-5 destroy all the bad insects that kill your fruits and flowers if 7-11-2 12-11-2-9-16 only de- cide to wear ribbons and flowers instead of 13-14-15-16-1. 12-14-9-10 7-11-2? JEAN LAmpTon, Florence, Italy. WHAT IS MY NAME? My name is——. I cannot tell you the color of my gown, for some- times it is of an ashen grey, and sometimes a bright rufous color. Both my gray and red coats are striped with black, and with each I wear a vest of white or very light grey with black streaks and cross- markings. If you think that by the color you can tell my age or sex, or that I change my dress to suit the weather, you will be fooled. I am smaller than my relatives, excepting one cousin, and you will not mistake me for him for I wear eartufts which look like~horns. I lay my eggs in the hollow of a tree which I carpet with a few feathers, chips, rotten wood or leaves. Perhaps I do eat a song-bird now and then, when I am very hungry, but I prefer a diet of mice with cut worm sauce, and you surely will forgive me if I once in a while feast upon an English Sparrow. I like to fill the silence of the night with my music, which is in a minor key. Some people, whose musical taste is uncultivated, call it a moaning, quavering wail. GLEANINGS, At one point in the grayest, most shaggy part of the woods, I come suddenly upon a brood of Screech Owls, full grown, sitting together upon a dry, moss-draped limb, but a few feet from the ground. They sit perfectly upright, some with their backs and some with their breasts toward me, but every head turned squarely in my direc- tion. Their eyes are closed to a mere black line. Through this crack they are watching me, evidently thinking themselves unobserved. After observing them a moment, I take a single step toward them, when, quick as thought, their eyes fly wide open, their attitude is changed, they bend, some this way, some that, and instinct with life and motion, stare wildly around them. JOHN BURROUGHS. ANGAUETE EONS, SCO COO OK) SUISUN oe es PR yAe) Albatrosses ... SN Leper wight en ete Gat Oa ma 212 Moning (GIAO 555 5 - san Ree a er ey 5 5 0 183 Anhinga nae Ea eae ea 16-76 ADIS Chae, ara ee 218 AUK Sco PRD ei ee ay) Pa Gea eas ot ere a a ne ZiT AVOCETS ys Boni oe A aa aie eee ak eRe Ce 215 Bird) way Subp laie seer He Bete ta eh agit ly, Hit eC CIC OIS =: Gar ti eraue cab aie yee Sere ian in aati ge 126 OS CASS TPAD BEL 2 oY ais oa hy ea eaten iy ee eeu ean 6I Coan @ ater . 28-590-Q1-124-156- ae -204-231-255-280-304-333 «Distribution Map. pe a ae aa Tle 210 i aitomes: rr ee er rn ee eae OS G'S OG 309 eS Incidents. BORE AG) no OP alas ay ae Aca ee 254 oo Nand. Tragedies In. Jane. \ lod: Sees wae ee 146 Se Niecy Bahl INeCOllECHIONS Olan ae tt ne 186 He ite in: South Americas: o20)0 eos fs Ss 2091 STONY RAW OF ITE T ES ng n she) tank raps aenenn yeas Lo ranma 284 F INGEIOONS . saleok Mitt tel aihgs wc be de Il ‘Notes from California. Ried Nos ict Hae et oe 158 ‘‘ Sketches from Kentucky .... 151 ‘© That Sang on its Nest, A We SeaelbragieGlyaaar ate 128 Birds;A DOUt- SOM te oS eee cae MOP en 85 CAO Mr betiietwnetes cemce they cma eee ee. 228 CCST SLOW INN WAITED oes toe. ag foe Gk eee Dera mae oe . 164 “Kentucky Usaha pigs Sataa aa Ger Ph aan Ui nai ee OR 166 6 sofa CitysMaunt. <8 e 67-107 SRO NY CIS st ATTA SN. dex sidecases {27 “* Orchestra, The : Bees 192 HSE EONS; IDO 64 eS ORE ene | See 165 Seg KOM SGI SW MIO WNEtA eae a eile Se eae BCE HIS/ Saints alctre eee esta hm nore e era na 214-324 BAC DIRG SENG sia setae rie fir. sete nia Get nee) ch pean sarge ee 22K BWwebind sine se. stbaeee aA SAR Rie a a i ae er PU a ae 227 is and Swallows... 0%. a 12 Bobolink’s Nest, That...... 3 247 Check List.and: Habitat Map": 9) os Aa. 8 209 ss Oe Nord Aiea WEIS, 0. | on 211 Coming of Spring, “Theta > 2. 2 os 32-62 CO OUS Tova iar aEaan ee 214 Cormorants > ek eo ls eee ao ee PAS Gourlans 5 63.0 ot Loa 8 ee 214 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Bou, CRDINES Ge a seares til vle Gana oar eae ey ema neta 8 hee PEA (ChOBEIOIEIAS 9 ie" a ice ea ert ea aes ate 226 CROWS: 1 SGA EG SE ee ee CE UR geii ane eas eae 220 Sera AWC eh alien Ol en ca hn Se Marie Sk 3 ea 209 (CHWICIROOS <1 Sir Bee ca cael ibaa fen tae Ae IC Ce enc A ee ce nL ec ree ade 218 «« ~ Black-billed Se aN Ne Ed Leeks iter ake 195 COUVPEUSISONTS 2 i. Veale ele-e: Pelican, American White.,.. as Brown, Pelicans...... Petrels at home.... Petrel, Leach Phalaropes., . Pheasants, Phoebe, Difficulties of a Pigeons | PONIES aan ae ee A Missouri. Puffins . i ec ee cece eee ee ee ce Rails, Redstart, Painted. Robin Tragedy, ee ae Sandpipers.... Sanderling.... Shearwaters Shrikes.... Skimmers... Skuas Solitaires SM Pes Some Maine Bhieads Sianlines 7. <= 2. Sparrows.. Sparrow, English oe California ‘Brown ne ae cere ee cece eee -2e0ee ee 8 8@8= eB ee ew ecseee ee seeees Sparrow, The Status of the English .... ‘Snowflake 66 McKay .... Stomechats.. 5. s Stilts : Spoonbill Roseate. Spring Days.. Swallow Colony, Bank Swallow, Chinese House. . Swallows Surf Birds... 66 eee oeceee coe eceeee ececee ec eecese 340 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Tanagers... Terns Thrashers. Thrushes : Thrush, Notes on re Henaatte. Pigs AP tS eve ea RNs Ae Tawhice: Giese Fede Ee Diet SAE PAN et ois ean gran AOUOMS soso 60. i e6saus sii Sores Peers ower WmOpIe BISccacde 7 xobe08 9 doce: PIGUGRIAS COMES tors cect ee © ire ae ee = ete BVO S Ses re = SE aoa oe ce Mult U Re Sac Seeeiae ee eee Wagtails...... eye ett in Bie, a8 SN EIIUED Bachman . nee, ae Black- parotid Crean Rena ae Chestnut-sided. . oe Mangrove ...... au Pileolated ‘ ee Wilson Warblers. Waterthrush, Lomigene ry a ety oh AWA ete eM ALON See Waxwings. ts When Near Browne me Winter Nests Winter Ramble in Nova Scotia. Ne Winter Visitors Winter Woods and nee Tenants, Te « Woodpecker, Lewis. ae Pflented ye Tete RY Woodpeckers.....-- ene SPN ant NV CT Si eee ei ete Re earn Meme arrenas sis ID CSeriCasHlOMeS.. ase | alee eee er etn ee ee laluime WWitdn a (Cainer casas The King of May Sia oats The Woodland.... Re RS ela Pep ILLUSTRATIONS. A\MIMMGA, Or Silks rGlagsocc sg 0o9e Se 06 ae or Snake bird Petre tts Nr anc oR oat Buneloniral (Noles Se oeacoe 5 ac oade SURE CON aamrro cen er luoSin owe =< 4 Bo oie Ble bird: NOSt ice aoe ey oe ee Se eese yen reste ie heat BOBO a cee eet ee se reretremeion acne materi ec ee oe “1 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Ciataevellow=bneastedie. uc. tn soe oo ae Chickadee, feeding her young...... ce eae Cuckoo, Black-billed....... Seam So SPACOUIM Oe eee e od wet oa, Ras: Shae CASS IMs stoke isc Oye LER Bee “* House Antes Smee Seeteregenopem ery Pia tories RMAC ec cate eR heute te ate edo ook eee gery JPPISSPATUS VENI CL: Ye ss atk ae er cee ion ee eee nea a Godwit, Marbled) 355.2. Pe ne oe HL ISU ce ie sir caidas Sle eerie ee GSOldense yer eA MeN CAM spel. Ne me rte es eae Golden Eye sAmernican bao 9 22222. Bereta Goldeneye Bamow vie geccie, oy Se oee eos aks Goose, Nest and Eeos of Canaday..2-4 9 2 acne Goshawk, American SCS EEA, (olay haar str ae | BIS CR a ote a es aes roe A tS em aE TO ee. PING Reece so ee eae SASS Gull Am. Herring ches Sin SUI te Mt MT. Ase Hawk, Marsh Beha SEM eae Bc at RIT et NS Re rem Seas arabars Dieter cs Nance ON Raees 66 66 Nest.. 5° N@Sic, OH COCE. « = Heron, Nest and Eggs of Green se Young Great Blue SoenGireat Blue 66 66 Egg Peele HOM. Humming bird, Rubythroated. . ct 5S Om INES Ibis, White faced Glossy Jay Arizona : Jay, Young Blue. Kingfisher, ee “ with fish oy Noung 2 ps RUNG Goss a6 : ; x Adult leaving tunnel Hotes oe Young sas Kinglets, Golden Crowned.. Loon, Nest and Eggs of.. oa from life . ee: Man o’ War, or Frigate bird eel Lay Tee eee medatie ee eee e oe Siar) on = ree ene) sie, Oh WRG fo ey an eterna: ts) leis 342 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Merganzer nee 246 Mocking bird.... 102 Nutcracker, Clarke.. 228 ae Clarke (from life) 229 Oriole, Orchard.. .. wane 175 “ GG) | 354 4c : -174 Osprey... eras See 58 08 VEG oo Gor »+55 Owl, Snowy 22 “« Long eared 235 Pelican, American White.. 16 «« Brown. Sieh Sea Petrel, Leach 265 ef “and Nest.. 207, cc ‘“* from life 270 Pewee, Wood Ay, Redstart, Painted 144 Robin, Tragedy ; ROH oO" alin Young. 38 Sanderling . . 286 as Ego. Kresge 287 Oe Winter and Summer. . . 288 Snake bird 16 5H Snowflake, Winter’ Plumage 109 sie Egg.. : 200 es McKay... Soe: 202 «« Summer Plumage 202 Sparrow, English. . Beet se Wier: ne ee 8 Nes, Spoonbill, Roseates S56 00 se a a OE cia ae eee 114 He Egg ees egos see 113 Swallows, Barn BAe. ae alas Po . Frontispiece _ Towhee, Green tailed... ..44 eS eee eee ae 43 «* Green tailed (from life)... ..40 Warblers, Bachman ee IQI sg SURES throated green, aU hoe Man tt or ae Bees) : a “ eogm a sone 40 es Gece sided, male, female, young MES2 Sra P te Olated ss taeimencns ene.s sats : 168 «< Mangrove, . 73 «« Wilson . 169 Woodpecker, Lewis : ie Sas Erste “ae 118 ep igileated ; See Datae Soni eee 19 Wren, House with Spider aaa eiseasi Me Sige ON Rs cas ae ieee .88 Guide to Taxidermy |Marine Shells Fuli of valuable information. COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS HOW TO PREPARE AND MOUNT Birds Animals and Fish Also contains. a com- plete list of all North American Birds, with prices of their eggs, skins and mounted specimens; also an ex- haustive line of Orni- thologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ sup- plies, valuable infor mation for the amateur, recipes, etc. Bound in cloth, 35c, postpaid. 104 Union St., CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. / Covers the entire field of Western Sports by land and sea MONTHLY DEPARTMENTS Hunting and Shooting —-Fish and Fishing \ Game Protection Physical Culture \N Golf Automobiling ‘e Tennis Yachting Vic Canoeing Athletics - Rifle and Trap Guns and Gun Makers Natural History The Dog Adventure Fiction Club Life Photography 150 pages Deautifully illustrated. Clean, autbemik ond authoritative. published at 4 Sutter Street, San Francisco, Cal. 10 cents the copy $1.00 the year Sample Copies with pleasure 1 Address and Curios Twelve shells and curios for soc, all good specimens. Collections of showy shells from 25c to $1.00 by mail and safe delivery guaranteed. Illustrated Catalogue and nice shell for toc (stamps taken.) J. H. HOLMES, Dunedin, Fla. Mounting : a Wild-Cat. We can teach you how. LEARN TAXIDERMY BY-MAIL. We can teach you BY MAIL to correctly mount Birds, Animals, etc. Nothing is more fascinating or profitable. Every NATURALIST, TEACHER, SPOTRSMAN should know this art. We have thousands of successful students. If interested in Birds, Nature and Outdoor Life. ask for our new illustrated catalog. ITs FREE. WRITE TODAY. THE NORTHWESTERN SCHOOL OF TAXIDERMY, Inc., Suite 81 Com. Nat. Bank, Omaha, Neb. Have Your Magazines Bound. Send your magazines to us prepaid (if well wrapped postage will be 10 cents), we will bind them in an at- | tractive cloth cover, stamped with AMERICAN OR- vi) NITHOLOGY in gold and bird in color, and return h § to you FOR 75 CENTS PREPAID. American Ornithology, Worcester, Mass. JAMES P. BABBITT, — DEALER IN — Supplies for the Naturalist and Taxider- mist; Fine Glass Eyes a Specialty. TAUNTON, MASS. Bargain Lists free upon application. : Large illustrated catalogue of Naturalists Sup- plies 10c. Naturalist Supply Depot DEALERS IN Supplies of all Kinds, Glass Eyes. Mounted Specimens a Specialty. Send roc for catalog FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO., Museum HYDE PARK, MASS. American Bird Magazine SPECIAL OFFER. Volumes I, 2, 3, 4.and Subscription for 1905 FOR $3.50. These FIVE VOLUMES will contain over 1700 pages of the most interesting and instructive bird literature, with nearly 1300 illustrations, many of them photographs of live wild birds. THE FIVE VOLUMES WILL BEs SENT PRE- PAID FOR $3.50. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. THE DOG FANCIER. ESTABLISHED 18ot. A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION. The oldest, most popularand mest prosperous amateur kennel publication in America. Contains each month appropriate reading matter and illustrations of great value to every owner of a dog. Advertisers get excellent results, and the rates are very low. Covers the entire United States and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER. A sample copy will be sent free. Subscription price, 50c a year. EUGENE GLASS, Publisher Battle Creek, Mich. NEW BARGAIN LISTS. Our new Winter Bargain Lists are just out. Fine assortments of Minerals Shells, Curios, and everything required for a Natural His- tory Collection. Wecarry the finest assort- ment of the kind in America and sell the cheapest. Write today. WALTER F.WEBB, 202 Westminster Road, Rochester, N. Y. BOYS AND GIRLS Nature Study Magazine Organ of the Chautauqua Junior Naturalist and Civic Improvement Clubs. 50 CENTS A YEAR Sample sent free. ADDRESS BOYS AND GIRLS ITHACA,N. Y. STATE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. Insurance in force Jan. 1, 1904,.... $100,902,399.00 Assets Jan. 1, 1904, -.---...-.--.--. ------- 23.249 248.36 Liabilities Jan. 1, 1904 --.......--....... . 21,064,170.00 Surplus Jan. 1, 1904, .......-.----.--..--. - $2,185,078.36 A. G. BULLOCK, President. HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary WORCESTER, MASS. Game of Birds A series of fifty-two illustrations of popular birds in colors, true to nature. > Cet ICAGO A CHRISTMAS REMINDER Sg hi | 00 FLD GLAss. The BEST for Bird Study and e a Equally Good for = Ne OAS Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. pa@s-Remember, yOu can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 The Glass and both Books............ EER ener re Gein en basa OOo tid Go 019 o5-¢ 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONES. THE BEST TALKING MACHINES MADE. $5 to $100 The Graphophone is the Universal Entertainer. It will Talk, Sing, Laugh and Play. It combines all instruments in one. Send for complete list of records The World-Famous Col- M4 umbia Gold Moulded Dre Cylinder Records. COLUMBIA DISC RECORDS. 7 inch, 50 cents each; $5 per dozen. 10 inch, $1 each; $10 per dozen. Grand Opera Records (10 inch discs only) $2.00 each. The word COLUMBIA on a Talking Machine or Record is a guarantee of merit and genuineness. Columbia Records Fit Any Make of Talking Machine. For Sale by Dealers everywhere and by the COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY Pioneers and Leaders inthe Talking Machine Art. Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. York, Wholesale, Retail and Export, 353 Broadway. Uptown, Retail only, 872 Broadway er icano. 88 Wabash Ave. Boston, 164 Tremont St. | San Francisco, 125 Geary St. For Christmas Gifts, The Perry Pictures ONE CENT EACH for 25 or more; 120 for $1.00. Postpaid. SEND 25 CENTS FOR 25 Art Subjects, or 23 Madonnas, or 25 On Life of Christ, or 25 Landscapes, or 25 Dogs, Kittens, etc.,or 25 Authors and Poets, or 25 For Children Each setina portfolio, or 13 Pictures in Colors, or Art Booklet, Madonnas. OR 50 CENTS FOR so Perry Pictures, assorted, or 2s Pictures in Coiors, Birds, etc or 11 Perry Pictures, Extra Size, or Portfolio 25 Pic- tures, New York Ecition, 7x9. GemsofArt. Order today. ‘These rz Extra Size, rox12. Sistine Madonna Holy Night Feeding Her Birds Shepherdess Baby. Stuart Satisfaction guaranteed. Send two two-cent “stamps for Catalogue of 1,000 miniature illustrations and two pictures. Gold Medal, Paris Exposition. Horse Fair Angel Heads Christmas Chimes Pharoah’s Horses Christ and Doctors Sir Galahad (Call it set 100) Or these and 12 others for $1 Or 11 Madonnas Or rr for children Orrr of Animals for 50 cents. These 3 sets for $1.40. SEND $1 FOR so New York Euition, or Christmas Set, No. 2, 120 pic tures 5 1-2x8, all in the ne Boston Edition, no two alike, or | 120 Perry Pictures. your own sel ection from 2,000 subjects Or The Perry Magazine, OR $1.50 FOR The Perry Magazine and so New York Edition, or so Pictures in Colors—to new subscribers only, limited time. MADONNA. The one-cent pictures are 5 to 7 times this size. Gold Medal, St. Louis Exposition, 1904. THE PERRY PICTURES COMPANY, Box 208, Malden, Mass. Tremont Temple, Boston. Send all Mail Orders to Malden Office. 146 Fifth Avenue, New York. Eggs of By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘“Nests and North American 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. < NEST and EGGS F of North American Birds é By OLIVER DAVIE. Birds*”’ ay aren a erly published at $10. OO OOO Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. My price $2.50 post- paid, or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. O | | & © © © © 5 Thoroughly revised, 60opp. Fifth Edition. ; Extra Cloth. Regular Price, $2.25. Se My Price $1.50, Postpaid or given for four % new subscribers. Form- Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass © © © CY, © © © © COLOR KEY TO North American Birds By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with ‘ upward ‘of 800 drawings in colors, so ‘arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, cloth, $2.50. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description and varia- a tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages, cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird es ‘ Magazine one year for $5.00. nnn ( CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. a a O 2 oe OO OS oN i ee a SK PS ‘ SS SPS BFAD ON Ni (CGAY nw ; igroformed oy Preservation Services WOM sire Peete TR Lae aaa AA a! Alain), ey (atte Bs ; 2 < Da F ; f ; ‘A lags BN ph bi AINE 2 An. ry B: : A 42, | VAN A AWA Aaa Asa 1 ae MAA ARANARARAAARAR sARAAn AA af Anaaannnnn “Aa ik F tient RO ese Se toca A LA Retr : a aC ae an Bia TLES . Sale ¥ “ We AR Raa Aare: TGR ee Renee ee pansies tt oa an A AAA AAA ANAL. psi A a R AAA WA AAA ane nantes Sees sete oneal sand PAR RO RA: na A yy i : ‘2 \ . 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