Ovy LIev0 LOZL € wii | — ae ueer BY Rte sini Vr a Presented to The Library of the University of Toronto brie I) Rrmewn, KC. i t if CL needs ee Pe dgray) ca nents eh, ee 10 ah thet ie we ras: s Nihon = i ce nen d oa. ‘ f P* : : i Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation ~ http://www.archive.org/details/americanbotanistOOwooduoft ‘a aie = THE AMERICAN BOTANIST ANT FLORIST: INCLUDING LESSONS IN THE STRUCTURE, LIFE, AND GROWTH OF PLANTS ; TOGETHER WITH A SIMPLE ANALYTICAL FLORA DESCRIPTIVE OF THE NATIVE AND CULTIVATED PLANTS GROWING IN THE ATLANTIC DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN UNION. A BY \ 3 ALPHONSO WOOD, Pu. D., AUTHOR OF THE CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY, LTC, A. 8. BARNES & COMPANY, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. H. B. NIMS & COMPANY, TROY, N. Y. WOOD’S BOTANIES. OBJECT LESSONS IN, BOTANY, pp. 340,12mo. An introduction to the Science, full of lively description and truthful illustrations ; with a limited Flora, but a complete System of Analysis. Price (postpaid) $1.25. THE BOTANIST AND FLORIST, pp. 620, 12mo. A thorough text- book, comprehensive and practical; with a Flora, and System of Analysis equally complete. ‘*I have been deeply impressed, almost astonished, (writes Prof. A. Winchell, of University of Michigan) at the evidence which this work bears of skillful and experienced authorship—nice and constant adaptation to the wants and conyeniences of students in Botany,” etc. Price (postpaid) $2.25. THE CLASS-BOOK OF BOTANY, pp. 850, 8vo. The principles of the Science more fully announced and illustrated—the Flora and Analysis complete, with all our plants portrayed in language both scientific and popular. ‘The whole science (writes Prof. G. H. Perkins, of Vermont University), so far as it can be taught in a college course, is well presented, and rendered unusually easy ofcomprehension. I regard the work as most admirable.” Price (postpaid) $3.00. THE PLANT RECORD-—a beautiful book, for classes and amateurs, show- ing, in a few pages, how to analyze a plant—any plant, and furnishing tablets for the systematic record of the analysis. Price (postpaid) 70 cents. FLORA ATLANTICA, or WOOD’S DESCRIPTIVE FLORA, pp. 448,12mo. This work is equivalent to the Part IV of the Botanist and Florist, being a succinct account of all the plants growing East of the Mississippi River, both native and cultivated, with a system of analytical tables well-nigh perfect. Price (postpaid) $1.50. WOOD'S BOTANICAL APPARATUS-—a complete outfit, for the field and tke herbarium. It consists of a portable trunk, a Wire Drying Press,a Knife-trowel, a Microscope, and Forceps. Price $8.00. Copyright, 1870, by A. S. Barnes & Co. “FOURTEEN WEEKS” IN EACH SCIENCE, By J. Dorman Steele, Ph. D., F. G. S., Ete, Now Ready: PHILOSOPHY. PHYSIOLOGY. ZOOLOGY. CHEMISTRY. GEOLOGY. ASTRONOMY. A KEY {to Practical Questions in Steele’s Works, Seven volumes, each, postpaid $1.25. PREFACE. In preparing the present work, it was our purpose to furnish the student in Botapvy with a complete manual within the compass of an ordinary duo- decimo volume. To this end, we have revised the introductory treatise and recorded the principles of the Science in fewer words, occupying but two-thirds the space so used in the Class-Book. We have thus made room for the introduction of a series of Synoptical Tables—a feature entirely new —exhibiting the principles contained in the several chapters at a single glance, and in their combined relations. In the preparation of these tables ve have received important aid from Prof. 8. A. Norton, of Mount Au- burn Seminary, Cincinnati. They are intended for the blackboard, and we are confident that both teacher and pupil will find them an essential aid both to the understanding and memory: Our new Flora will be found a phenomenon in brevity. Within the space of 426 duodecimo pages, in fair leaded type, we have recorded and defined nearly 4,500 species—all the known Flowering and Fern-like plants, both native and cultivated (not excepting the Sedges and Grasses), grow- ing in the Atlantic half of the country. This conciseness has been attained, not by the omission of anything necessary to the complete definition and prompt recognition of every species, but simply by avoiding repetitions. In the jindl definition of the species (see, for example, R. bulbosus, the Bulbous Buttercup, p. 20) we give but one, two, three, rarely 4 lines. This cannot, of course, include its full portraiture. It includes only those few features which have not already been given elsewhere, and which here serve to distinguish the R. bulbosus from the two preceding species with which it stands grouped in the table. But the full portraiture of R. dulbosus (and of every species) will nevertheless be found in the Flora. Some of its fea- tures are given under its genus, Ranunculus ; some under its Order; some under its Cohort; others under its Class, its Province, and its Sub-kingdom. 2 PREFACE. Moreover, all along the path of its analysis through the tables its charac ters are announced and recognized; so that if all the statements descrip- tive of R. bulbosus were collected, we should have nearly a half-page of text, and no important character left unnoticed. Between the cultivated exotics and the wild native or naturalized species constituting our own flora, a distinction is made in the type. The names of the latter are expressed in full-face, Roman for the species, and #talée for the varieties. The names of the exotics are in SMALL CAPITALS. The geographical limits of the present flora are the same as those adopted in the Class-Book; viz., all the States of the American Union lying east of the Mississippi River. This will necessarily include so many of the plants of the States bordering on the western shore of the Missis- sippi, that the book may be regarded as well adapted to those States also. It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge my obligations to the friends whose names occur below and in many other parts of our work, for their contributions of new and rare plants, and for valuable information con- cerning them ;—first, and especially, to Prof. Taos. C. Porter, of Lafayette College; to E. L. Hanxenson, Newark, N.Y.; to Jonn Woxr, Canton, I11. ; to Cus. H. Pecx, Albany, N. Y.; to Wm. R. Grrarp, Esq., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; to N. Cotman, Iowa; to Rev. J. H. Carruru, Kansas; to Dr. W. Marruews, Dakota; to H. Mapss, Michigan, &c., &e. And as a just tribute to the memory of my LAMENTED WIFE, I would add that whatever is new and peculiar in the plan of the present Flora, that on which its definite conciseness depends, 7s due to her alone. She first indicated the method, and for years assiduously advocated its adoption. CuJUS NOMINI AC MEMORL2 CARISSIM, HOC OPUS, IN MEDIO DOLORE AC DESIDERIO CONFECTUM, DEDICAT CONJUX. TABLE OF CONTENTS: TOGETHER WITH A SYLLABUS OF THE MORE PRACTICAL SUBJECTS, DESIGNED AS EXERCISES ON THE BLACKBOARD, PRELIMINARY TO THE LESSONS, _——— N. B.—We give the Syllabus of but a few Chapters, and of fewer entire, in order that the pupil may exercise his own skill in supplying the deficiencies. The teacher should require this The abbreviation (&¢ ) indicates a table unfinished. POUL OOOO LION 6 si.nc5s wnnipasacsbnadasdburscucdnesssdeaseese Edcundeessaecueins ..Page $ CuapTer I. Aids to the Study of Botany..........0-ccceecetcenees sobtcsee euiease 9 CuapTerR Il. Departments of Science............ Sipe tiers cat suscaccaseaabusiodsss Ak * Existence, individually; (§ 13) @ As an inorganic mass, i8..............008 Seevaddusccoses cusiecesdt MINGTR, 6 As an organic body,—endowed with life............. Patina’ tecurecs A Plant. —endowed with life and perception «eee... An Animal, * Existence, collectively, Nature. (§ 12), &c. * Existence, objectively, Science. (§ 16-18), &c. * Departments of Botany. (§ 19-23), &c. * Classification. (§ 27-30), &. * Nomenclature. (§ 25, 26) @ Local appellatives in common use........... occcsccccccccess TTIVIAl NAMES, 6 Universal appellatives adopted in Science ......... oebwisdeces Latin Names. —The name of the Genus..... jctesee ooees Generic, —The name of the Species ...........seeee0 Specific. —The name of the Individual................. Proper. CuapTer III. Stages of Plant Life ....... ORAS har Ph SoA ST” FCC OEE TT 14 Hirst Stage: asledp in: tha Boe. ors FFs FOI ew esas ee acess seees Embryo. Second Stage ; development, —a Awakening and beginning to grow.. Germination. — Developing leaves and branches...... Vegetation. Third Stage ; leaves transformed to flowers.............202eee2 eee eeee Flowering. Fourth Stage; maturity.—c Flowers maturing into fruit........... Fructification. —d Fruit ripe and the plant exhausted. Hybernation. Death. Cuseenn FV... Norm of, Plant Siler i920 t Jeet oa cetes ss he aicn canned ondaescseeecee 16 § Plant fruiting but once, and—e dying in its first year .......... @ Annual Herh —+ dying after its second year....@) Biennial Herb. —c dying after many years............. Monocarpic. § Plant fruiting more than once (perennial), @ With‘annualatems, 1645s iF iel end Pore ease is 2¢ Perennial Herb. b With perennial stems becoming woody. 1, If lower than or equalling the human stature.............. Undershrub, B; Tf taller)