rs a it ee “ : ; f en er ee wae . f . : +e ee ee Lae 5 . + 4 ae “ ee ee Srhencas be het te WAS : si eee Wet tee he an = eta ores - > are . ; SA M : mea ala USN att : ree ew \ we ‘ . ms ON ee L . " Fee te ete ere ee ah Pro Brew re WALA tee bath fe oe : “asta: ORS x Ld S.A Leger eca. sh Sea —— THs ist ie Alvord, Dean, Brooklyn, N. Y. ...... weneee *206 American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, “Sunnyside,” Harleston Deacon, Tuxedo IP siren IN| RS AM ote acyo 0 OER IORrLe seeens e113) American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, rs *Q Be GumKonicht Newport, Roos... ..0...- *8I American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, George von L. Meyer, Hamilton, Mass.*149 American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Manchester, IMAGES 5 OU ae salah GaSe Ree Gee eae ee On ioe *217 American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, James H. Proctor, Hamilton, Mass.....* American homes, notable, by Barr Ferree, Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard, Scarborough, IN, NS ga Oe SBS eae OMe eeaeemecrnarion *257 American reforestation, by J. Chandler IPiRD ACI), .b Po OCR eee Boao bn ono C OmAbeE 103 Apple tree pest in California, a new, by Enos RON Gehobn Sdn ca Sas ogoo ea doce Cannan *17 Arboretum, at Topsfield, Mass., a private, by Midigy JEL, INioscuacstGl oeosennodaaaceocode *T10 Arts and crafts, old time, by Mary H. North- QaGl och haomodunteodho cc hOB OEEE aetane mance *380 August work among the flowers, by Eben E. lResaitoral & + 5 Saeed Gace epee neo Tat renee 120 Automobile and the country house, the, by IPerodl Anion tole wis Smee od Ait Ie Oren *Q5 Autumn scene in Kentucky ..22.....2..00: *204 “Ayonwood Court,’ Charles E. Mather, Hav- @ritonl, Ie bbb oncas scdenmeacisene roe *159 Balustrade in garden, the, L. S. Couch *27 Bedroom, the, Edward B. George .......... *164 Bednoommeithe: leaton Couch) ic... 5s- 6522s *27 Bedroom, Mrs. BE. E.. Shepardis. 2... .......- *362 Bedroom the, «b. J: Coolidge; Jiri ......2. 2. *219 Bird’s bill, the wonders of a, by B. S. Bow- Gi). pongdccss boesec COene ee OO an eoeor #33 IBDOKS ENE WAL eons ee aioe 68, 134, 198, 270, 3390 ARTICLES MARKED * ARE ILLUSTRATED Concrete hood and! entrance =. -...-........ OI Concrete houses, some modern, by Francis ID\epreiavala) INNCWOIS 5 coganechoonnb oes on or KB 5, CWOnCretemMOUSe smc ser adele ee cscs cee oie aer *217, *235, *286 Bulbs, how to plant and grow them ........ *244 Buncel ower a aCQuerete, “sa. - Serscis 5 oi cs ele d ewe sisnecte *38 Index to Coolidge, Jr., T. Jefferson, Manchester, Mass.*217 Cornwall, Jesse B., Redding, Conn. ......... *95 Cornwallis at Yorktown, 125th anniversary of the surrender of, by Allen Desaix ...... at A Corridor, the spacious, Mrs. E. F. Shepard . .*360 ‘Coins 1b, Se IDermiece IMCS. Sabpoowauessoc K23 Country house, a small, by Francis Durando _ ING (elite) Gis ois nig Beichad OR Bpae RM Ont aicticee tr *365 Country house, and the country life, the .... 105 Country house, the automobile and the, by Pal euhurston ss. sor ceecieae. scare oe FOS Crafts, old time arts and, by Mary H. North- ENIG Mec iets covery Ouicorslec fessssqersycieeieree cles te auele *389 Dahlias, modern, by Clarence M. Weed ..... *182 Deacon, Harleston, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. *73 Decoration, leather for interior, by Phebe Westcott blumphreys Ru .ace scence. ss *374 Decoration, principles of home, by Joy IWiheeler sD Owe Naccverce.sreciehs, <)sicvle « excucicio rete *209 IDYsial, jnavey (C ILA WORE cogouperanneccoadno odo F227 DEeniethexeds. ws Coolidge ex With acc wc. < . - «2-2 232y 98 Home in a nutshell, a, by James Macdonald.. 224 416 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS INDEX TO AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS—Coniinued Home of T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Man- chester;. Mass: «. sahoeriecmr antares ote acr *217 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, “Sunnyside,” Harleston Deacon ........ 13 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, E. ©. Knight, Newport; Re seer *8I Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, George von L. Meyer, Hamilton, Mass.. .*149 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Manchester, IMDASS!. giisne state Baithssy aie ere see ee *217 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, James H. Proctor, Hamilton, Mass...... *285 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree, Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard, Scarborough, BY, ae ia Sena bsyatsit tations oer Siete penis rere *257 Hood over entrance-way, the, W. J. Steel *QI Hopkins, Mrs. Nixon, Passadena, Cal. ...... *154 House after the alteration, L. S. Couch .... *23 House, a small country, by Francis Durando ING (ent) evar pened oan Eee Os an doo 365 House before the alteration, L. S. Couch .... *23 House hygiene, by Ralph Ernest Blake ...... 47 House into an Italian villa, the transformation of an artistic, by Francis Durando INI CHOI S gay costs ccine Onion eC eee *225 House for Dean Alvord, Brooklyn, N. Y. “#208 House of Alexander Smith Cochrane, at East Miews NewsMorksn 5... .nmace eee eee *8 House of Dr. David Magie, Princeton, N. J..*370 | House of E. C. Knight, at Newport, R. I. ... *81 House of Henry F. Nell, at Chestnut Hill, Pa., by Francis Durando Nichols ....... *265 House of Jesse B. Cornwall, Redding, Conn.. *95 House of A. H. Dodd, Montclair, New Jersey *22 House of Bassett Jones, at Bryn Mawr Park, IN Geis SER e ee PAA ANS oon cicG hae. cane b ee OR | House of Charles L. Wise, East Orange, | | NE J Peas. wastes Geis ene a ener eee *235, House of D. H. Standish, Glen Ridge, N. J.. .*233 House of Edward B. George, Rowley, Mass, by, -Mary= Hee Northendier eos ecee *162 House of Edward B. Stratton, Clifton Heizhts) Massy aueeiecmnacee meee cir *I55 House of Edward P. Coe, Englewood, N. J...*231 House of E. W. Preston, Hackensack, N. J... House of Francis W. Welsh, by Francis Dur- ando Nichols House of Gate H. Carter, Staten Island House of H. Hoenigsberger, Bensonhurst, Long Island Heer of Howard Soule, at Cape Cottage, . e. House of James H. Proctor, Hamilton, Mass. .*285 House of J Fenton, Lowere Heights, Yonkers, N. Y. House of John Cheney Platt, Montclair, N. J..*225 House of John Morton, Dongan Hills, Staten ES) Eos Ieper ye eney ton noe nrcron 156 House of L. S. Couch, Danvers, Mass. ...... *23 House of Mrs. Nixon Hopkins, Passadena, Calon Ce siricdacneneeetsiec et ee 154 House of ee Elliott F. Shepard, Scarbor- Oughs NE Waenaesno tee near see en *357 House af Mr. ‘Selle, Montclair, No J. ... 3. *207 House of A. Nickerson, Wedgemere, Midisss Bir roc stan tree meter ern Oe *I1Q House of Robbins Estate at Arlington, Mass. *21 December, 1906 | Reception-room, the, L. S. Couch ........... *26 Reforestation, American, by J. Chandler- French: .c@aace 20. coe one *103 Renovation of worn-out soils ............... Retardation, the marvels of plant, by S. Leon- ard, Bastin \is-.+. <.0. the; iby. ©, Gorbett.. 4 6; 126 | | Leather for interior decoration, by Phebe Westcott “Elumphreyss 25... 24) aeeeee *274 Library, the, Dr, DavidMagie .....2..-..55 372 library, the, i. WaWelsh) 93, /<...... a) one *203 | Library, the, George von L. Meyer .......... *152 | Library, the, ED eacong 60. aa scat eee *78 | ibraryythew\Virssh sek eS hepacds oe eeeee *361 | Living-hall ales Coolidzemirn 2... seen *218 Living- porch, ie eVeVWielchits:. eee *202 Living-room, iS-i@ochrane: cn. ee *88 Living-room, ee Bey Stratton esse *155 Living-room, J. B: (Cornwall ............... *Q7 Living-room, the, Bassett Jones ............ *O4 Living-room, fhe, D. H. Standish ........... *234 Living-room, the, Edward B. George ...... *104 ivins=roommtnesm | COCs meen ae Serene *232 Living-room, the, Henry F. Nell ........... *368 | Living-room, the joins Mortoniessqcee eer ETSY, | Eivins=rooims Wi eJk Steel Nene scseeceas cee *Q2 IeMacie DrieDavyidsderinceton iN. Jimena ieee *3270 | Mantel and shelf, a concrete, W. J. Steel .... *92 Marble room, the, George von L. Meyer, Famulton; Wass: teen coc ence eee *147 |) Mather, Charles E., Haverford, Pa. ..0...0. *I5Q Meyer, George von L., Hamilton, Mass. ...:*149 | Modern bungalow, the, by Francis Durando INT GhOIS Meet otiee ote eee nye) Modern dahlias, by Clarence M. Weed ....*182 Monthly comment.... 12, 80, 148, 216, 284, 356 Morton, John, Dongan Hills, SoS e eer TSO | Morning-room, the, Mrs. Meyer .......... ATS I Mushroom culture in France, by Jacques BOVGi tye teak, Maven Goon erie bas cet ieee *240 Nell; Elenry, b. (Chestnutieuill Pawnee ee *365 | Nickerson, 12) ie Wedgemere, IMIS, sous oc *19 Night-blooming flowers, some of our, by Ida ne Bente ttie tcc cet kine ace eee 104 Notable American homes, by Barr Feree, “Sunnyside,” Harleston Deacon, Tuxedo Pair kecNie Nise Soc Ae ee OL *T3 Notable ‘American homes, by Barr Feree, E. Gy KnichteNewportety lessees ener *8I 3 | Notable American homes, House of William D. Peck, University Eetohits;eN Yom peer eee nee *230 | House of W. J. Steel, New Dorp, S. T. .... *g0 | House on the knoll, the, J. B. Cornwall ..... *Q5 Houses, some inexpensive, by Paul Thurston *19 Houses, some modern concrete country, by Francis Durando Nichols *85 How a two-family house was remodeled into a private dwelling and its grounds trans- formed into a _ beautiful garden, by Francis) Durando: Nichols = 2.5... ....0.: How to buy worthless, run-down farms with $1000 or less and make them productive, by S. L. de Fabry How to lay out a small plot successfully, by Ralph Child Erskine * Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, George von L. Meyer, Hamilton, Mass..*149 Notable American homes, by Barr Feree, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Manchester, Mia SS: 4 Serinencieeetriomne tate noe Oe ne ee Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, James H. Proctor, Hamilton, Mass. ....*285 by Barr Ferree, eee etots F. Shepard, Scarborough, * November work in the garden, by Eben EF. Rexiord! . (oat syactcicitteccctn casas eee 32. INtinseny. thenday,. Jen bles ctom meets *288 Old-time porches at Salem, by Mary H. Northéend) ence tec ot eee *179 Onion seed farm, a California, by Walter Gar- TiSOn) bhe sect cae ete ce olan Si) Onigimality;soldmandunews -eosee ec .e seein 233 “Ox Pasture Hill,’ Edward B. George, Rowley, Mass, by Mary H. Northend ...*162 | Rarks) largeyandasmialll eretivec's oslo 18 Rarlorathes: Wise Couchmas.cce ee meee *26 Peck, William D., University Heights, N. Y..*230 | Rercolay they View G-ublatt-cascece seek eee *226 Pergola, the, Mirs, EF Shepard . 3. ... 458 *258 Pergolaythes We leesteelia se stenc joe. eee *QI Pest in California, a new apple tree, by Enos EO WINE Sareea feine-o ete core 176 Plants, as a source of drinking water, desert. 240 Plant ‘Sensationiy. noon veces a eo-niee tc nee 178 | Plant specialists, by George Ethelbert Walsh 184 | September work in the garden, by Eben E. Rexford jem on scan eee or ee 188 Servyicellentrance they elaihe Nelle eee *365 Shepard, Mrs. Elliott F., Scarborough, N. Y..*357 Shingle and brick house Sook cee *IQ Shingle and half-timbered house ........... *207 Shinglesandistoneshotise spe aeeeeee eee *Q5 Shingle and stucco houses ........ 710, *20; 4230 shingled ibungalows) -.o. sass F153 0*155, 50 Shingled houses ....... *21, 422) *226, +200,.0207) Small country house, a, by Francis Durando Nighols, cathicasthoctecn teen *365 Soilssand itheir mnttrition! spear eee 299 Soils, renovation of worn-out .............. 392 Soils the spoisons Olesen eee 382 Some well-designed suburban houses, by Paul - ‘Thurston's ....20. dees sete eee *206 Soule, Howard, Cape Cottage, Me. ........ *20 St. Bernard, the soccer 266 Stable, the i EL Proctor s 25% sist eee *283 Stained- glass window, the revival of the, by Benjamin, Coléhamep se) =e eee eee 247 Stairs and! hall} the, Wi Jnesteel yeas eee *Q3 Stairs, the, E. “C. Knight oSiscalie hc trace ee ee *82 Standish, D. Hi; Glen) RidgemiN: |) eee eee *231 Statuary, lead garden, by Lawrence Weaver, BS. Aus wae anal ee eee *I14 Steel, Wa J. New DorpeS. 1) oe *90 Steps, the outside, W. J: Steel: (522 eee *QI Stone and shingle house ..:. 7) °O"" oe The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting ey G6 aes | properties with a decorative effect. SEND FOR SAMPLES Lee \ Fare 14 | ||) Cornices, ) Oc aaah Jj \\\|_ Skylights, THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY BN NAA Ceilings, Sole «Manufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A NEVER-FAILING WATER SUPPLY with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pu m pi ng E ng ine Or remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, woke . smokeless gas at much less cost than city UILT by us for more than 30 years, and sold in gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and every country in the world. Exclusively intended costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant Most durable and least expensive apparatus to : . . : seas maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives boy or woman. So well built that their durability is RERTiCeSMNOEMEL ah tiie aCoOLine wianideeheatine yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and eas) years ago being still in active service. The very apparatus for suburban hom RE» tions, etc. Weconstruct special apparat Send for Catalogue ‘‘E” to nearest office. fuel gas for manufacturing, producing ¢ alent to city gas at so cents per r,ooocubi Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. made to respond to very large demands, also for 35 WARREN ST.,NEW YORK 40 DEARBORN ST., CHICAGO dignRng tow nsetc: ‘y " 40 N. 7TH ST., PHILADELPHIA 239 FRANKLIN ST., BOSTON Cc M. KEMP MFG. CO., 234 CRAIG ST. WEST, MONTREAL, P. Q. BALTIMORE, MD. 22 PITT ST., SYDNEY, N.S. W. TENIENTE-REY 71, HAVANA, CUBA 6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaft of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our **Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him ina position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPAN Makers of Wall and Fire Place Floor ile, Ceramic Morsarese TRENTON, NEW JERSEY 9, UNITED STaTES OF AMERICA bile, Non—A bisio r biemit Architectunmal EF alenice,. etc. WoRETE DB PA RT VM BENGE eA eh OR Gare eA Om GaU mee) American Homes and Gardens q ES response to many re- quests of both new and old subscribers we have caused a beautiful design to be prepared and expensive _ register dies cut so as to produce a most ar- tistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most sub- stantial, and the book is sewn by innecar Sheet Metal Radiators represent the most modern type of heating device. They occupy but half the floor space and less than half the total space and weigh less than one-fourth as much as cast-iron radiators producing the same radiation. ‘Their lightness eliminates most of the great strain on floors and building construction. Kinnear Radiators respond almost instantly to steam or hot water circulation. They heat quickly when heat is desired and cool just as quickly when it is not wanted, thus effecting a material saving in fuel. Kinnear Radiators are elegant in appearance, real -AMERICAN- OMES - AND OUNRDENS : a ) WEIGHT 247 LBS.{) jf WEIGHT 60 LBS. } ornaments for the choicest homes, and as they produce the utmost efhciency in a limited space they are especially desirable. ; Ask your architect about them or examine them at any pranch office. Catalogue free upon request. KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATOR Co., PITTSBURG, PA., U.S. A. BRANCHES New York: Flatiron Bldg. Indianapolis: State Life Bldg. St. Louis: Chemical Bldg. Kansas City: Heist Bldg. re ee ee ee Chicago: First National Oakland: 922 Franklin St. Bank Bldg. Detroit: Buhl Bldg. Toronto, Ontario: A.Welch & Son, 302 Queen St, West London, England: Arthur L. Gibson & Co., 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane Seattle: 408 Occidental Ave at} \t 4 hand to give the necessary Strength for so heavy a volume. The decoration of the cover is unique. ‘There are five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artis- tically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. This volume makes an appro- priate present for any season of the year. Price, prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada, is $3.50. @ For those who have the first six numbers we have prepared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound vol- umes. Any bookbinder can sew and case in the book for a moderate price. We send this case Strongly packed for $1.50. funn & Co., Publishers Scientific American Office, 361 Broadway, New York \ \ 7E will send American Homes and @ardens and Scientific American to one address for $5.00. “The regular price is $6.00. July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES ‘AND GARDENS 7 “Wonderland” via the Gardiner Gateway —limitless in recreation opportunities; offering the finest coaching trip in America and the study of Nature’s most wonderful phenomena. It may be seen as a Side trip en route to the Great Pacific Northwest on rates one third lower than usual. Round Trip SIXTY DOLLARS (From Chicago $75) from St. Paul and ~Minneapolis, June 1— September 15, to North Pacific Coast Points THIS MAGAZINE ipa PRIN LED BY 251 WILLIAM ST. NEW YORK Direct connections with the Orient from Puget Sound via Great Northern Steamship Company’s Ships “~Minnesota”’ and ‘‘ Dakota”’ cA Printery~ equipped and organized to produce the most superior qualities in brochures, catalogues and high-class book work s# s# ** See America First,’’ Northern Pacific Railway Send six cents to A.M. CLELAND, Gen. Pass. Agt., St. Paul, (Minn., for “WONDERLAND 1906” TELEPHONE 4978 FRANKLIN Cc. A. MATTHEWS, G.A.P.D., 208 South Clark St., Chicago, III. meviek CLOCKS Ki We Give Particular Attention To Special ¢ Designs and are fully equipped to execute the most in- tricate and delicate work ever attempted in sheet metal: Mullins Art Architectural | @ Hall Clocks, chiming the quaiters and striking the hour on beautiful-toned tubes, bells or gongs. @ The clock in your hall should be the attractive fea- ture, and it will be if you follow our suggestion and place in your home one of our “Waltham” Clocks Nothing richer or finer made. @ We also manufacture a full line of hanging clocks, including the ‘‘ Colonial’’ banjo clock. @ If your jeweler does not carry our line send direct Catalogue Upon Request WA Leo A M Crock Company Waltham, Massachusetts United States of America Sheet Metal Work is far in advance in architectural design and artistic execution and has won an enviable reputation for excellence. Estimates, Designs, etc., submitted to architects, builders and contract- ors on request. The W. H. Mullins Co. 202 Franklin Street, Salem, Ohio. - ra fle (Everything in sheet metal.) fil hh 8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GAKDENS July, 1906 ‘‘THE BEST OF ALL BEVERAGES” The pleasure of an outing afloat or ashore is increased by the cooling comfort | .of a good draught of DUREY’S APELE JUICE . . . . i For healthfulness and deliciousness there’ s no other beverage comparable with it. It has the ripe flavor of freshly gathered apples, with a snap and sparkle all its own. DUFFY’S APPLE JUICE is the pure juice of the ripe apples, sterilized and non-alcoholic. It is the health drink par excellence for old and young. old by all first class grocers and druggists. If your dealer cannot supply you, send us $3.00 for trial dozen bottles; all charges prepaid to any part of the United States. DUFFY’S Mother Goose book for children sent free on request. AMERICAN FRUIT PRODUCT CO. 22 WHITE STREET ROCHESTER, N. Y. cAbsolutely safe and reliable. cAsk your friends. RED GULF CYPRESS yields its mystery slowly. We know it outlasts all other timber for tank use, but we don’t know exactly why. Our Catalogue gives more information 27 ft. Tower, 3,000 gal. Tank, furnished Mr. J. F. Perkins, Portland, Maine ——————— = = at W. E. CALDWELL COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. [UST PU Bets Eee THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches om Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book con- tains a large number of plans and per- spectives of churches of varying costs. Besides this there is much concise and practical information relating to planning and seating; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, ete., making it in its present form ae The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 Munn & Co,, 361 Broadway, New Pork City SB aNSTRUCTIVE e] Technical Papers B00N TIMELY TOBRIGS PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL ARTIFICIAL STONE. By L. P. Ford A paper of immense prac- tical value to the a:chitect and builder. Scientific American Supplement 1500. THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By Harold Busbridge. An excellent psesentation of modera views; fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. By T H. Blakesley. M A. An admirably written, iustructive and copiously illustrated a'ticle Scientific American Supplement 1493. HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 161 and 600 contain excellent articles with full drawings. PLATING DYNAMOS. Scientific American Supplements 720 and 793 describe their construction so clearly that any amateur can make them DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fully described and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. Thc machines can be run either as dynamos of motors ELECTRICAL MOTORS. Their Construction ar Home. Scientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641. Order through you” newsdealer or from Munn & Co.., 361 Broadway. New York BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, PED? EA Consulting Architect and The Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Author of ~* Part I. Masons Work 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations , Part II. Carpenters W ork 550 Pages. 530 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Part Ill. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustrations Each volume 7x 9%4 inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year iS CCN ENPoet Ok JULY, 1906 PAGE AVGOLONNADELON DHE ESTATE OF IL. S. Coucu, Eso., Danvers, Massachusetts.........-.... 10 MontTHLY COMMENT. NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘Sunnyside,” the House of Harleston Deacon, Esq., Tuxedo Park, New York By Barr Ferree PARKS—LARGE AND SMALI SoME INEXPENSIVE Houses How a Two-FamiLy Houser was REMODELED INTO A PRIVATE DWELLING. By Francis Durando Nichols My GARDEN WITHOUT FLOWERS..... sete By Carine Cadby Herpes to Home Buitpinc: The Value of Architectural Study to the Architect SEER O MMERSUORPAUIERDIGMOILE cfc, ss ose seen eG ee le Se ee new eee aes By B. S. Bowdish Tuer CONCRETE GARAGE OF Dr. N. B. VAN ETTEN, Tremont, New York How ro Buy WorrHLess RUN-Down FARMS WITH $1,000 OR LESS AND MAKE THEM PRo- PU CINNS a's wc ce eee woo MOMs ele (GRE ean By S. L. DeFabry THE MARVELS OF PLANT RETARDATION By S. Leonard Bastin House HyGirne: V.—House Drainage By Ralph Ernest Blake Tue KircueN: V.—Pots, Pans and Apparatus By Sarah Adams Keller The Gladiolus, the Peony and the Dahlia. Vines for the Wall and House. The Lawn. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. syesnyoesse A] “sJOAURC] “bs *‘yono-) ST Jo aes ey} uD ‘a]H9G peolg ke si sayy YoIy \\: puoseq Uapser) 94} JO epg UWia}so M 24) Suoye Spus}xy] epeuuojo7) V SIM YIM padres wWiq uy opeysnyeq Sulsopouy yi uo spuejg SIOMO] J pue acc” 7- 1 w——e«3w yo Yaa tian) Y Die TTY fe LSgh 2 yak AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS OG. Number 1 July, “ Sunnyside "—The Summit of the Terrace Front is Beautifully Arranged for Peaceful Enjoyment of the Scenes Below 12 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 Monthly Comment HE summer season is naturally the period of greatest anxiety to the agriculturist. The anxiety with which the warm season is awaited by every one engaged in outdoor pursuits or avocations is never lessened for a moment until the cold weather has finally set in and the summer is confessedly at an end. ‘The dis- comfort experienced by the suburbanite and country resident from unduly warm weather is, in itself, a comparatively slight matter, be the personal inconvenience as great as it may; the more serious aspect of very hot weather is that pre- sented to the farmer and those dependent on the weather for their sustenance. And this, in its turn, is not a personal matter, but a national affair, affecting the crops, producing, often enough, extraordinary effects on the money market, and resulting in colossal national losses. The hot wave of 1894 is estimated by the national government to have cost the State of Iowa alone the immense sum of $50,000,000, a total that cuts a considerable figure when compared with the loss occasioned by the San Francisco earthquake, and is actually double the loss incurred in the Galveston disaster. Such weather losses are liable to happen any year, and to af- fect much larger areas than that of a single State. There is always great personal discomfort in unseasonable weather at any time, but the most serious aspects of the weather are those which affect great areas at times when large crops can be permanently harmed. Such disasters are without the spectacular elements which make catastrophes like those of Galveston and San Francisco so thrilling, but they are just as real and just as serious in their results. At first glance mid-July may not appear to be a particularly seasonable time at which the householder should take up the question of his household heating, but it is nevertheless the very time of times when this most important domestic matter should be attended to. The furnaces and boilers are now out of use; they can be taken apart, repaired and put to- gether again without inconvenience and without trouble. This, therefore, is the time when they should be attended to. Every furnace should be promptly cleaned out at the ex- piration of the winter’s use, and the whole apparatus im- mediately put into good working order. ‘There is still a good two months from the first of July before these things will be called into use, but any adjustment or change that is needed should be attended to while there is no possibility of use. There are few things more awkward than to have te hurry up furnace work. The only distinctions that come to architects are derived from foreign sources. Success, and distinguished success, is obtained at home, but honorary distinctions for archi- tectural achievements—except honorary degrees from col- leges and universities—are exclusively of foreign origin. And this comes, in most instances, in the form of member- ship in architectural bodies. Foreign, honorary or corre- sponding membership in foreign architectural societies come to but few American architects. The greatest honor is un- questionably that of the Royal Gold Medal awarded annu- ally by the Royal Institute of British Architects. But two American architects have been deemed worthy of this honor by the great representative body of British architects.. The late Richard M. Hunt received this medal in 1893, and Mr. Charles F. McKim in 1903. Six American architects have been found worthy of admission to the class of Honorary and Corresponding Members of the Royal Institute. French recognition is, perhaps, more highly prized than English, since our leading architects now living have been educated in architecture in France, or follow the French school as the latest expression of modern ideals in architecture. The latest French honor accorded an American architect has been worthily accorded to Mr. Whitney Warren, who has been made a foreign correspondent of the section of architecture of the Academy of Fine Arts of the Institut de France. It is a rare and unusual distinction, and one which Mr. Warren richly deserves by reason of his own achievements as an architect, and for the zealous zeal he has shown in furthering the ideals of the French school in America. The lamentable state of affairs whereby the American na- tion fails to house its foreign representatives, either properly or in buildings of its own, is a favorite subject for popular debate. It is, quite seriously, a reflection on our public spirit, our generosity, our justice to our public servants. The spec- tacle of the American ambassador hunting for a house has more than once been held up as an illustration of our in- ability to understand how to conduct ourselves as a nation abroad. And in truth it is a sorry sight, and one that calls aloud for remedying. Meanwhile, however, it is a matter of some interest to note that no ambassadors are housed so splendidly as those of the United States. Dorchester House in London, the official home of Mr. Whitelaw Reid, is con- fessedly the most splendid embassy in Europe. The Pring- heim Palace in Berlin, occupied by Mr. Charlemagne Tow- er, the Nassau Palace in Vienna, lately occupied by Mr. Bellamy Storer, the superb house occupied by Mr. Robert McCormick in Paris,—all these are palaces of the first rank, houses great in every sense, and admirably adapted to their present uses. The official salaries of the gentlemen occupy- ing these dwellings do not even so much as pay their house rent, and in this the impropriety of the American method calls loudly for remedy. But it should not be supposed that, because the United States provides no houses for its ambas- sadors the public state is not sufficiently upheld by its foreign representatives. It is, however, a gross reflection on our na- tionality that our ambassadors must meet the cost of this dis- play from their private purses. The adjournment of the various State legislatures has been met with varied feelings on the part of the automo- bilists and the much larger non-automobiling population. The former have for so many years disregarded the rights of the latter, they have killed so many people, injured so many others, created so much alarm, and raised so much disturb- ance generally, that the non-automobilists have risen in their might and demanded, and in some cases secured, the enact- ment of laws restricting the performances of the automo- bilists on the public highways. Obviously it was quite time something was done. The necessity for the doing has long been obvious. Both sides have doubtless been unfair, the one unwilling to concede enough, the other demanding too much. It will probably take several years and a good deal of legislative tinkering to put the automobile question right, and it is likely that some hard knocks will be given to one of the most delightful and exhilarating of sports. But any sport that endangers life calls for restriction. There is no room for debate on that question. The State legislatures, however, do not attack the automobile, even in enacting stringent regulations concerning its use; but are endeavoring to give both parties—the automobilists and the non-automo- bilists equal rights. The situation seems hardly helped by the fact that the former constitute our richest class. July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Sunnyside,” the House of Harleston Deacon, Esq., Tuxedo Park, New York JRITICISM is easily silenced and dissolved at Tuxedo, the place is so beautiful in itself and has been so beautifully developed; yet its charms naturally fall into two classes, natural and artificial. This division is really more literal than it may seem, for the land development of the Park has been on rather strictly natural lines, with a fine emphasization of the natural beauties, and with as little possible assistance in the way of artificial landscaping. ‘This fortunate circumstance was en- tirely due to the natural qualities of the place. Tuxedo Park, as is well known, possesses many of the natural qual- ities of a park. Its gentle slopes, its gracious woods, its natural water, embedded and surrounded with higher hills— mountains, perhaps they call them—aftord a fine foundation on which, by comparatively little effort, a superb site for country houses could be erected. It was the easiest thing to make this place beautiful, for no effort was required other than the making of good roads which would open the place to civilization and render it at once convenient and accessible. Into the details of this development it is needless to enter. Tuxedo Park has for many years, been regarded, and rightly regarded, as one of the most desirable residence sites on th border lands of New York. But it is well to note that while the natural advantages of the place are of quite overwhelm- ing charm, its continued popularity as a place of residenc« and its inherent advantages as such, have been promoted, increased and rendered permanent by the very admirable manner in which it has been developed from this point of view. It would be a mistake to say that every house in Tuxedo Park is of interest or worthy of situation within such splendid natural environment, but the general quality of taste is very good, and the Park enjoys a well merited reputation as a delightful site for delightful homes. And more merit than this it would be hard to note of any place of residence. Surely it would be difficult not to build an interesting house in a locality so filled with interesting sites as this. The basic idea of the whole place being that of a park, no individual owner has been called upon to surround his dwell- ing with vast areas of land, to build up great gardens of his own, to create an individual estate within the greater estate on which he lives; the vast tract is a continuous park and the beauty of one portion of the space is a part of the The Spacious Hall is a Beautiful and Cheerful Room 14 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS beauty of the whole. One does not, therefore, look for large estates in Tuxedo Park, but one looks for—and finds—many houses of distinguished merit, for much architectural skill and genius have been lavished on Tuxedo, which, in a cer- tain sense, may be regarded as a museum of full sized models of the best work in country houses of the best American architects for two decades or more. One may be quite certain that when that most individual of American architects, Mr. Wilson Eyre, Jr., of Philadel- phia, was called upon by Mr. Deacon to design his Tuxedo house for him the creative fancy of the architect found much to inspire him in this beautiful land. But he certainly gained nothing from the most suggestive of his neighbors, July, 1906 themselves. If, perchance, he adds, as he has done time and time again, a note of carved ornament, it is a bit of sculpture, charming in itself, a real note in the whole fabric, and yet occupying a subordinate position. In other words, the very simplest of Mr. Eyre’s houses have a charm due to their inherent simplicity. It is architecture of a very high order, the supreme test of the architect who lovingly welds his rude building materials into a resultant that wins ad- miration through the sheer ability displayed in their use. These qualities are admirably brought out and very beautifully illustrated in Mr. Deacon’s house. It would be dificult to. imagine a building more completely devoid of the extraneous additions with which most architects are ac- The Quiet Entrance Front is a Remarkable Study in Irregularity and Variety for Mr. Eyre designed a thoroughly individual house, admir- ably adapted to the hill-side site on which it is built, and as completely characteristic of its designer as it is individual in its design and captivating in the quiet simplicity of its parts. I doubt if we have any architect who gets as much out of buildings as buildings as Mr. Eyre does. ‘Thoroughly alive as he is to the artistic possibilities and realities of the related arts of painting and sculpture, he nevertheless believes— as his numerous buildings amply testify—that in seeking for architectural grace in buildings the building as a building— in its structural parts—must be graceful and _ beautiful. Hence his houses are studied with consummate art, his plain walls, his simple outlines, his spacing of voids and solids are conceived with a penetrating skill and yield a charm in customed to obtain their results. It is a long, low house, as has been intimated, on the side of a hill which descends so sharply that of level building area there is nothing at all. And it is perfectly plain. ‘hat is to say, it consists of four plain walls in which various doors and windows have been cut. True, no house has as yet been built which, in its elemental parts, was more than this, but Mr. Eyre has emphasized his elements by leaving them in their elemental state but so spac- ing and proportioning them, so arranging and combining them, that his elementary treatment has exactly that effect of interest and art which its designer contemplated from the outset, an effect that could be reached in no other way, and which—let copyists beware—could have been obtained by July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS U5 1 phy, he has, in the Deacon house, proceeded in exactly the way I have imagined him to have done. His window spac- ing is as irregular as it can be. no other living person than the very accomplished author of this design. He has discarded, as he has done more than once before, all preconceived notions of symmetry and balance, and de- signed his exterior to meet the requirements of the interior. In itself this implies no novelty since it is exactly the process There are six openings in the first floor, three on each side of the porch; but the two outer ones at each end are unlike in size and situation, and of those next the porch one is a small oval window and the on which every architect proceeds—or is supposed to do so. But Mr. Eyre declines to believe that because your main entrance is in the center of a house the walls and openings on either side must be identical. His argu- ment may be briefly imagined to be this: The rooms on either side of the entrance have different functions; therefore I will cut my windows where they will be of other a two-story opening with an arched top. The spacing ea AEC > —— eee) TPP CCIE PERITPE | } yet oe The Terrace Front and its Massive Stone Base the most service to the rooms; these windows in shape and size will be the best windows I can think of to suit the in- terior purposes; and if the result is not good it will not be because I have not done the best I could. We may be very sure that the latter clause never entered Mr. Eyre’s mind, and the results of his theorizing have more than once proved the soundness of his reasoning and the completeness of his art. But whatever his general philoso- of the windows on the second floor is quite as irregular, since they are not over those of the first story, and the bay window on one side is not repeated on the other. ‘This wall is crowned by a high shingled roof in which are three simple dormers. The entrance porch is of the plainest description, with a high shingled roof, while the adjoining space, on each side, is separated from the further areas by a low stone wall applied to the stuccoed wall of the house. So much for the entrance front, yet this bald description by no means sums up the whole of the exterior of the treat- ment. At one end is a great chimney, built without the wall of the house and rising from the ground. Just before it is a hooded wall, pierced by an archway and closed with @ hooded gate. At the further end is the servants’ porch with 16 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Sun Room Furnished in Japanese Style steps leading to the enclosed yard arranged below. he terrace or inner front of the house displays quite different characteristics from those which obtain on the en- trance front. ‘The latter front being directly on the level with the ground, necessarily seems low. ‘The terrace front, on the contrary, is loftily elevated, owing to the steep slope of the ground. The symmetry which Mr. Eyre discarded on the entrance front is more apparent here. The whole of the center is occupied by a great stone terrace, with a double July, 1906 } ~ —¢ A Corner in the Enclosed Porch flight of steps by which the lower ground may be reached. The central part of the house is here projected forward, and is surmounted with twin gables. Immediately below them, in the center of the design, are two bay windows, and the other openings are symmetrically disposed. It is a charmingly imagined design, carried out with the quiet simplicity which distinguishes every part of the house, a dwelling without extraneous ornament, and without a single ornamental feature on the exterior which has not a true th Soha gr ih + REE ek The Terrace is a Lounging Place of Distinctive Charm July, 1906 structural function. In other words, it is pure building, a circumstance perhaps not so meritorious in itself as the re lated and more important fact that every part of this pure building has been carefully studied and adjusted to the other parts with a keen artistic sensibility. I have already adverted to the fact that the exigencies of the site determined a narrow house, very much longer than wide. The entrance doorway leads into a small vestibule, flanked on one side by a lavatory and on the other by a closet. Immediately beyond is the hall, occupying almost the center of the house, and extending through to the ter- Aven TroANs aOMES AND GARDENS 17 The arrangement of the second floor is equally simple The owner’s bedroom and boudoir are in the center on terrace front, the boudoir and chief bedroom being lig by the bay windows which are thrown out below the cent: gables. At the extreme end, over the library, are two gu rooms. On the right of the central hall is a sewing-ro and study, and the remainder of the space is filled with bat rooms, of which there are three, and rooms for the servan The spacious hall into which the visitor mediately from the vestibule, is a beautiful and cheerful apartment. The woodwork is walnut, the walls covered 1S ushe re d French Gray is the Prevailing Color of the Dining-Room race front. ‘The entrance is quite to one end, the delightful symmetry which characterizes the exterior being evident within as well as without. On the terrace front the hall gives upon a porch and a sun room, both of which imme- diately adjoin the terrace. The stairs are built against the entrance wall, as the large, round, arched window has pre- viously hinted. Beyond, to the left, is the library, occupying the whole of the further end of the house, and at the end of which is the capacious chimney which is so marked a fea- ture of the exterior. On the right is the dining-room, open- ing onto the terrace front, while the butler’s closet abuts against the entrance wall, as does the kitchen, wh‘ch is next to it. On the entrance front is the servants’ hall and a cold room. with silk tapestry, and the plastered ceiling is finished with a handsome geometrical design. ‘The mantel is paneled and carved with festoons. ‘The large window on the stairs is filled with stained glass. On the further side is the porch, enclosed on three sides with white walls covered with lattice work in pale green. Adjoining it is the sun-room, furnished in the Japanese style, and with an adjoining alcove, in which stands a graceful little marble fountain. The library is two steps below the level of the hall, and is a room of penetrating charm. Its arched ceiling has a geometric design of delicately modeled ribs. ‘The fireplace at the furthest end has a facing of Caen stone with a very richly carved over mantel finished in gold. Elaboratel carved columns, also treated in gold, stand on either side. 18 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 The Library Has an Arched Ceiling ; and in the recesses immediately adjoining are paneled seats below windows glazed with leaded glass. ‘The walls are paneled in wood throughout and the furnishings and drap- eries are of green brocade. French gray is the prevailing coloring of the dining-room. The fireplace has a marble facing encased w-thin the wood frame; above is a built-in mirror, richly carved. On either side are china closets. The furniture is upholstered in coral brocade, and the rug, tapestry, draperies and wall decora- tions are of similar tone. ‘The ceiling, which is supported on the Fireplace Has a Gilded Over-Mantel with Carved Columns; the Furnishings and Drapery are Green a decorated cornice, is plain, save for two severe circles in the center from which the chandelier depends. The terrace without the house is a lounging place of sin- gular beauty and interest. A broad cement floor adjoins the house and is covered by an awning which is removed i winter, thus permitting free entry to sunlight in the winter season. ‘The ends of the terrace are enclosed within a low stone wall, but the opened railing of iron in the center gives an opportunity for an uninterrupted view of the land- scape without. Parks—Large and Small HAT parks are the breathing places of cities has become an aphorism. It is a statement soundly true, and yet it by no means ex- presses the modern conception of parks. It is the older point of view that parks were breathing places, places for recreation and rest, for pleasant passing to and fro, for gentle driving and riding, if one had the means, for quiet retreat on a sum- mer’s day or for a family picnic at stated seasons. Very useful the parks were for all these purposes, and others like them, but they hardly correspond to the modern ideas of parks. In the modern city parks are not breathing spots and places of resort alone or resort only, but they are absolute necessities, an essential part of the utilities of every com- munity, large and small. ‘This places them in an entirely new aspect, and one much more important than they could have under the earlier notion. So long as a park is looked upon as a mere pleasure resort it will receive but secondary consideration. ‘There are so many essential things that re- quire the public money that any object which has simply pleasure for its end and aim is apt to receive scant attention from even the most careless of city fathers. Parks are no longer regarded as “‘ frills’? in municipal councils, but are viewed, and rightly, as among the first of essentials. At the beginning the parks were confined to the larger cities. Where great numbers of people were brought to- gether it seemed obviously necessary to provide some public place, if not for recreation, at least for open-air enjoyment. Our most notable parks are still associated with our largest cities, but many smaller communities have come to know their value, and park after park has been added to our small towns as a regular feature of town development. And with this new idea as to the value of parks has come their rapid extension in the large cities. Parks that seemed ample enough for communities of considerable size are now found quite too small for modern needs. It has not often been found possible to extend the size of existing parks, nor has that always been desirable. As cities have grown the problems of transportation have become more complex. A park advantageously situated twenty-five years ago is now only convenient to a portion of the population. Hence there Concluded on Page 28 July, 1906 Some Inexpensive Houses Adapted to Suburban Needs By Paul Thurston HE first inexpensive house shown in Figs. 1 and 2 was built for Captain P. A. Nicker- son, at Wedgemere, 2 Mass. It is constructed of shingles tor the first and second stories, and half-timber and stucco for the gables. This half-timber work and all trimmings are painted white, except some of the trim which is painted bottle green. The roof is covered with shingles stained a moss green. The hall is treated in the Flemish style, and contains a paneled wainscoting, ceil- ing beams and an ornamental staircase. To the left of the entrance is a small re- ception-room treated with white enameled trim, beyond which is the living-room. This living-room is provided with cypress trim, the same as the hall, and has an open fireplace built of brick, fitted with tiled facings and hearth and a mantel. The den is conveniently lo- cated and is treated in a handsome manner; it has a paneled wainscoting, and an open fireplace. The dining-room. trimmed with mahogany, has a paneled wainscoting and ceiling beams. ‘The fireplace is constructed of red brick with the facings and a hearth of similar brick; this fireplace is a false one and is provided | with a gas log. The kitch- en and its dependencies are fitted with the best modern conveniences. The second floor is treated with white enamel, and has four bedrooms and two bathrooms; the latter being paved and wainscoted with tile, and furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The third floor contains two Pore | 1] First Floor Pina 3—A Picturesque House Built of Brick, Shingles and Stucco, Placed in a Pleasant Setting AMERICAN |ZEHOMES AND GARDENS [9 I—A House of Good Style with Shingled Sides, and Half-Timbered Gable Ends servants’ bedrooms, trunk room and a billiard-room. ‘The cellar, cemented, contains a laundry, furnace, fuel room, etc. Cost, $5000 complete. Mr. Robert Coit of Bos- ton, Mass., was the archi- tect. A Cottage at Lowerre Heights Yonkers, New York The cottage which is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, has been erected for Mr. J. B. Fenton, at Lowerre Heights, Yonk- ers, N. Y., and is of quite a different character from the one built at Wedge- mere. ‘The design is of the gambrel roof order, and is built of a combina- tion of field stone, stucco, and shingles. The under- pinning and chimneys are of field stone laid up at random. ‘The first story is covered with rough 20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS stucco tinted a soft color, and the second with oray 5 A shingles stained a soft brown. ‘The trimmings The are painted white. roof is shingled, stained a moss green. ‘There are porches at either side of the entrance, but the liv- ing-porch is placed at the rear of the house where there is seclusion and privacy. The central hall is trimmed with white pine, treated with white paint. It contains an ornamental staircase with white painted balusters and newels, and a mahogany rail. The parlor, which is to the right of the entrance, is treated in the Colonial style with pink and white wall decoration, and white painted trim. The fireplace is furnished with white tile facings and hearth, mantel of Colonial style with over mantel and mirror. The library is trimmed with oak, has bookcases built in, and a green tiled fireplace with hearth of the same, and an oaken mantel. Beyond this library, and also connecting 4—The Staircase is the Feature of the Hall, in the House Shown in Fig. 5 July, 1906 and floor, and is fitted with porcelain fixtures and ex- posed nickelplated plumb- ing. The cellar, cemented, contains the laundry well fitted with trays, and a heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. Cost $4500 complete. The architect was Mr. Robert C. Spen- cer of Yonkers, N. Y. A House ‘at Cape Cottage, Maine The house illustrated in Figure g is a Summer cottage erected for Mr. Howard Soule, at Cape Cottage, Maine: It =is built on cedar posts placed on stone footings. The superstructure above grade is covered on the exterior with matched sheathing and then with shingles stained a soft brown, while the trimmings are painted a cream white. The blinds are painted a cream yellow. The roof is also shingled and is stained a moss green. The interior, throughout, is trimmed with yellow pine. 5—This House is Unique in Type, Built of Stone, Stucco and Shingles with the hall, is the dining room, which is trimmed with cypress, and finished in a soft tone of brown. It has a high paneled wainscoting, and a plate rack. The fireplace has facings and a hearth of brick and mantel. The side hall from the dining-room leads into the butler’s pantry, which is fitted with sink, drawers and cupboards. The kitchen is placed be- yond and connecting to the butler’s pantry, and is fitted with all the best modern conveniences. The second story 1s trimmed with white pine, treated with white enamel paint. It contains four bedrooms, den, bath- room, and a_- servants’ room with a private stair- way to the first story. The bathroom is fur- nished with tiled walls 6—The Twin Gables in Gambrel Form are the Feature of the Exterior The living and dining-rooms are separated by an archway. The walls are ceiled up with battened wainscotings, and the ceilings are exposed to view, with the floor joists dressed and finished natural. The living and dining-rooms have open fireplaces built with red brick facings and hearth laid in red mortar and a mantel shelf. This floor also contains a kitchen which is fitted with a large pantry, dres- ser, sink, etc. There is also a bedroom on this floor. The second floor is plastered and contains four bedrooms and hathroom; the. latter is wainscoted and is fur- nished with porcelain fix- tures and exposed plumb- ing. The third floor con- tains the servants’ quart- ers and a trunk room. Chamber a Chamber Gir re ae oe July, 1906 There is a cellar under the _ kitchen extension. Cost $2500 complete. Mr. Frederick A. Tomp- son of Portland, Maine, was the architect. A House at Chatham, New Jersey An illustration of a house built for George S. Pollard, Esq., at Chat- ham, New Jersey, is shown in Figure 3. In the general style of architecture the building is English suburban, and in construction it is partly frame and brick. The underpinning and part of the first story is construct- ed of red brick laid in red mortar. of white paint. The roof is covered with shingles and is left to weather finish a natural silver gray. ieiemain hall is trimmed with chestnut, stained a warm brown col- or. It has a paneled wain- scoting five feet in height and an ornamental stair- case treated in a similar style. The drawing-room is trimmed with pine, treated with enamel white; it has a low Colonial wain- scoting, wooden cornice, and an open fireplace fur- nished with tiled facings and hearth, and a mantel of Colonial style. The liv- ing-room is trimmed with California redwood, and has a paneled seat built in, and also an open fireplace fur- nished with tiled facings and hearth and a massive mantel. The dining room, trimmed with oak, has an ingle-nook containing a fireplace built of brick with facings and hearth and a mantel treat- ment with cupboards above the shelf. The butler’s pantry is fitted with china closets, bowl, drawers, etc. The kitchen is trimmed with white- wood and contains an open fireplace for a range, a sink, store pantry, dres- ser, etc. The second story is trimmed with white- wood and the various rooms are painted white or stained. This floor con- tains five bedrooms, large closets and a bathroom; the latter treated with white enamel and _fur- SVR LCAN HOMES AND GARDENS WIT CHL IN “12x16 => ae SAVAAK The remainder of the building is covered with matched sheathing, building paper and cedar shingles stained a butternut brown, with trimmings random. 7—This Square-Rigged House Provides Ample Rooms of Good Size It Has a Rubble Stone Foundation with Shingled Walls and Roof. Lit Lev Loorg Contains Ten Rooms and Bath glass. LE XxI7 SECOND /LooR nished with porcelain n tures and exposed _ nickel- plated plumbing. The third tains the story con servants’ quart- ers, trunk rooms, and stor- age space. A cellar contains a laundry, cemented a steam heating apparatus, fuel rooms and a cold stor- age plant. Cost complete. Mr. Albert Philips, of Newark, New Jersey, was the architect. A House at Arlington, Massachusetts $5,000 The illustrations shown in Figure 8 present a house built for the Rob- bins Estate at Arlington, Mass., which is a good example of its class. The house has a foundation built of field-stone laid at The superstructure is of wood, and the exterior framework is covered with matched sheathing, good building paper, and shingles stained a reddish brown, and ivory white trimmings. The _ roof, covered with shingles, is stained moss green. The entrance is into a large reception room, con- taining the staircase which is of ornamental character with broad landings, ete. The trim of this room and the stairs are treated with white enamel finish. The sitting-room is also treated with white enamel and has a large bay-window and a broad tiled fireplace. The dining-room is stained oak and has a high plate rack, and a buffet built in with latticed doors, glazed with plate Underneath the counter shelf, is a closet. ing-room is connected with the kitchen by a china closet The din- through a serving pantry having a sink and dresser. The kitchen is fitted with pot closet, pantry, and an entry large enough to admit ice-box. The sec- ond floor is treated with white paint, and contains four bedrooms, large closets, and a bathroom; the latter is wainscoted with cypress stained, and is furnished with porcela‘n fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The third-floor contains one servant’s room, trunk and store rooms. The cellar, cemented, contains a laun- dry, heating apparatus and fuel rooms, and _ store i) nN rooms. Cost $5,700 complete. The architects were Messrs. Gay and Proctor, of Boston, Mass. A House at Montclair, New Jersey The quaint and interesting house illustrated in Figure 7 was erected for A. H. Dodd, Esgq., at Montclair, New Jersey. The underpinning is built of limestone rubble, and laid in cement mortar. The exterior is covered with shingles and left to weather finish a natural silvery gray color. ‘The trimmings are painted white, and the blinds bottle green. ‘The roof is also covered with shingles. The plan shows a square hall. It is trimmed with cypress and finished natural, and contains an ornamental staircase. The living-room is_ trimmed with pine and treated with white paint. It has an at- tractive bay-window with paneled seats, and an open fireplace built of brick with the facings of the same and a hearth laid herring- bone style. The den is painted black and the walls are treated with crimson burlap. The dining-room is AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS trimmed with white pine treated with white paint and has an open fireplace similar to the one in the living-room, and a china closet with leaded glass doors built in at the side. The butler’s pantry is fitted com- plete, and the kitchen and its dependencies are furnished with all the best modern conveniences. The second floor is treated with white paint, and contains four bedrooms, with large closets, linen closet and two bath- rooms; the latter are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumb- ing. The third floor con- tains the servants’ quarters and ample storage. A shake paca Pies \ | — = * = a i : $ Sy and Bay Windows Which are the Features of the Exterior 9—This Gambrel-Roofed House Has a Spacious Piazza, Ten Rooms and Bath. Cost $2,500 Complete July, 1906 cemented cellar contains a laundry, heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. Messrs. Howard and D. E. Waid of New York were the architects. All these houses have an interest of their own quite apart from that which attaches to their cost. They are houses of excellent type; well built, planned in a_ thoroughly economical manner, de- signed in quiet taste, and finely adapted to the in- dividual personal require- ments of their owners. They illustrate, in a very marked degree, the mod- erate priced house of the better class, just such houses as most people want to have, and exactly the kind that every one is looking for. In designing houses of this type it is apparent that the first and chief consid- eration, if, indeed, it be not the only one, has been an economical utilization of space. The architect’s first business is to plan well, and this means, in most instances, planning economically. And the meaning of this is obvious, for economical planning means the best disposition of space. In itself this is something different from getting the largest number of rooms within a given area. That is often de- sirable and sometimes im- perative; but more than mere number of apart- ments is needed in a well- planned house. The rooms must be properly related to each other and thoroughly adapted to their use. A good plan obtained, the architect proceeds to his elevation. This of- fers no difficulty to the designer of good taste, skill and real ability. His foundations being good, the superstructure par- takes of the same excellent character. No part of the work is. “easy,” andy if “these houses here illustrated are good, it is chiefly because they have been well studied in every part. July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 23 How a I wo-Family House was Remodeled into a Private Dwelling And Its Grounds Transformed into a Beautiful Garden By Francis Durando Nichols The House Before it was Altered Showing the Old Porch in its Conventional Form at the Front of the House OW to remodel a modern two-family house into a private dwelling, and to cultivate its surrounding grounds into a beautiful gar- den, was the problem which the well known Boston architect, Mr. L. S. Couch, had to solve, when he remodeled his house and rs, Mass. The first problem was, of course, the house, which required skillful attention in order to pre- serve its outlines which were very good, and also its gambrel roof of Dutch character. A study of the elevations from the photo- graphs of the building as it was and as it now is, will show that the amount of change has not been excessive, and that the entire improvements haye been carried out in sym- ENEROOIED PIAZZA *PLAN? OF :THE* FIRST + FLOOR» A ASS he The Alteration of the Exterior has not been Excessive. the Adoption of a Side Porch and Entrance, and Transforming the »>PLAN -OF -THE* JECOND » FLOOR » pathy with the subject and its environments. The only visible difference in the exterior is the changes made in the entrance porch; the old entrance porch being enclosed with glass, forming a sun-room with entrance to it from the liv- ing-room, while a new entrance porch was built at the corner of the house. Access to this porch is obtained from the drive which enters from the road. It faces the formal gar- den, and under the shelter of its roof a doorway has been $ aa : " ie SH co The Principal Change has been in Old Porch into a Sun Room placed and_ orna- mented, for it 1s now the main en- trance to the house. Along the property, in front of the house, an unobtru- sive fence has been built, formed of a massive balustrade, terminating into massive posts which are placed at either side of the entrance gate and surmount- ed with iron urns filled with red ger- aniums and growing vines. This fence extends into the grounds as a divis- ion fence between the house and the formal garden, of which it forms a part: “ltis built low, so that passers-by on the road can easily see over it into the garden. The charm of the house has been enhanced The Garden at the Side of the House After the Transformation, Showing the Balustrade AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS The Grounds at the Side of the House as They Appeared Before the Garden was Laid Out in a Formal Manner July, 1906 by the painting of the entire house in pure white, except the blinds, which are painted bottle green, giving the place, at once, an air of distinction. On the inside of the house, the prob- lem was quite dif- ferent. After the old piazza was en- closed for a_sun- room, it shut off all the necessity of a hall, consequently the partition be- tween the hall and parlor was re- moved, and the space thrown into the living-room as shown in one of the illustrations. The staircase was placed at the back, and the partition removed in one of the original rooms, which is turned into a hall from which an entrance is Ae Oa and Pergola in the Foreground July, 1906 made into the house. ‘The reception-room and dining-room occupy similar places to the ones in the original plan. ‘The remainder of the interior has undergone many small changes which were made to meet the necessary requirements, but still retaining the outlines of the main house. The entrance hall is treated in an artistic manner, and presents the key-note to the whole general scheme. ‘The trim and the moldings on the walls are painted white. These moldings are placed on the walls forming panels which are treated in French gray. An attractive arch, with fluted pilasters, forms an alcove for the grandfather’s clock; a similar arch separates the staircase hall from the main hall. The trim of this hall is painted white, and harmonizes well with the wall paper, which is in the design of a greet trellis on which are large rose vines of red, yellow and pink. The staircase has a balustrade of white painted risers and balusters, and a mahogany rail and treads. At the rail and underneath each tread is a scroll bracket of Colonial detail. The wall space at the side of the staircase is cov- ered with portraits of the Presidents of the United States: the first eleven being old colored lithographs framed exactly alike in old mahogany frames. The reception room is placed at the right of the entrance, and is treated in a green color scheme. ‘The trim is painted white. The walls have a low dado formed by moldings placed on the walls and the whole painted white. Above this dado the wall space is covered with green striped water silk with border cut out of gathered silk of pink roses. This border is placed at the top of the dado and extends up and The Fountain in the Center of the Garden is Surrounded with a Profuse Growth of Ferns around the door and window openings. The same border extends around the room under the wooden cornice with which the whole is finished. The fireplace is quite the feature of the room and has a facing of Aurora marble, a tiled hearth and an elegantly carved mantel with over man- tel. The furnishings of the room are good, particularly the AVE REeCAN FROMES AND GARDENS N wal old sofa, the Windsor chair, the card table and the old mirror. Glass doors open to the hall and living-room, giving at- tractive vistas and enlarging the apparent size of the room. Opening from the hall, and connecting with the reception- The Summer House at the Terminal of the Walk has a Stately Entrance with Massive Pilasters at Either Side, Supporting a Pediment room, is the living-room, which is treated in a general scheme of red, of which the design is French. The walls have a low, paneled dado, above which are panels with moldings painted white. Between these moldings the panels are covered with red striped French paper; all the trim of the room is painted white. ‘he fireplace has facings of marble, with a very handsome carved mantel and over mantel, in the style of Louis XVI. The floor is covered with a large red rug with a plain red center and a wide border. ‘The furniture is upholstered in red rep. [he draperies are of striped material with dainty French designs in alternate strips. The combination of color in this room is extremely brilliant, warm and attrac- tive. French windows open into the sun-room, which is furnished with green wicker furniture and turkey red up- holstery. The color scheme of the dining-room is blue. The trim is painted white. The walls have a low Colonial dado, and above this they are covered with wall paper in two shades of blue, dark and rich, and finished with a block cornice. The ceiling is ornamented with fruit wreaths in plaster. The mantel side of the room is quite the feature. The fireplace has facing and hearth of sienna marble, and a handsomely carved mantel which is an exact copy of the mantel in the Governor Wentworth house in Portsmouth, N. H., with the addition of cupboards for china placed at either side. The furniture of the room is of dark oak. The rug is of blue, in two tones, and the pictures are framed in gold to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ‘S Mies TAP . ee aeroninpmigtont The Reception-Room has Low Walls Covered with a Green Watered Silk Bordered with Pink Roses Re RRR AARNE SE EOE eepeeeineansentartatentueneinecrtecgenenecenerseenn The Trim is Painted White and the Panels of the Walls are Filled with Crimson Paper Sewing Thousand-Legged Table and the Windsor Chair are Worthy of Note ant in the Parlor. Domin eeling is French F The July, 1906 give a little color in addi- tion to the gilt gas fixtures. There is a portable dark oak cabinet in one corner of the room for rare china. The butler’s pantry is the connecting link be- tween the dining-room and kitchen; it is fitted with drawers, dressers, and closets. The kitchen is fitted with all the best modern conveniences, in- cluding two store pantries. The second floor con- tains a large open hall, four bedrooms, sewing- room, two bathrooms. The owner’s room is quite the room of the floor and has a bed alcove, beyond which are two closets pro- vided with sliding doors, so as to take up the least possible room. The walls are covered with white watered silk, draped and caught up by pink roses. The furniture is painted a French gray with white lines and hand-painted pink roses, making a very pleasing effect. “he other rooms on this floor are treated with white paint, and each is decorated in one particular color scheme. The bathrooms are wain- scoted with tile and each is fitted with porcelain fixtures and aa) oa vee teAN TOMES AND GARDENS An Un, Carved in Fruits and Flowers, Stands on the Balustrade Behind the Settle N “i exposed _nickelplated plumbing. A separate stairway leads to the third floor which contains the servant’s bedroom and trunk room. The contains the heating ap- cellar paratus, fuel room, and laundry complete. The Garden At the side of the house there was a plot of ground extending to the corner of the street, which was bare and unkempt, as shown in the illustration presented and the problem, ‘“How to beautify it,”’ was an important one. When the garden was first laid out it comprised a plot of about thirty feet square near the house, and at the right of the picture. The second year it was en- larged and laid out as shown in the illustrations which have been recently taken. The garden was laid out in a formal man- ner and the beds were formed by strips of cypress boards set down into the earth with the exposed part being painted dark green, except the beds which are about the summer house and fountain which were cut from the sod, leaving grassed walks. The garden was planned with the purpose of In the Bedroom of the Owner the Walls are Covered with White Watered Silk, Draped and Caught Up by Pink Roses The Furniture is Painted Gray with White Lines and Hand-Painted Pink Roses 28 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS having a view from the house and porch, and the entrance to the garden, on either side of which are placed large ter- ra-cotta pots filled with red geraniums, faces the porch. The central walk opens from this gateway, and terminates in the colonnade which extends along the western side of the garden, beyond which is a broad settle, placed in front of the low balustrade fence with which the garden is enclosed. The garden is screened from the street by a colonnade formed of a row of Ionic columns with each capped with a basket of fruit and flowers. Between these columns which are painted white, is placed a latticed screen, painted green. The columns of this colonnade are ten feet in height and are connected with stringers and cross pieces, on which crimson ramblers are trained as they grow; one large bush being planted at each column. From the center of the garden the walks cross and the one leading to the street end shows a fluted column, on which is placed an old sun dial of the date of 1717, and beyond is an old marble niche. In the opposite direction the walk leads to the fountain in the basin of which there are sporting gold fish, and about which are ferns growing in artistic profusion. Beyond this is the summer house, which is placed at the terminal of the walk, and is stately with its entrance way showing two massive pilasters, at the top of which are brackets supporting the entablature with pediment above. July, 1906 The beds throughout the garden are planted with peren- nials which are so arranged and planted that they are in continual bloom from early spring till late in the autumn. The old cement and iron vases are planted with annuals. The effect from the summer house, looking toward and be- yond the quaint fountain to the old sun dial and the old marble niche beyond, is extremely fascinating as also the view into the garden from the porch of the house to the marble seat, with the old vase as a center feature; beyond which is a grassed lawn extending to the street, and enclosed with a privet hedge. To the right of the house there has been much planting done in connection with the white painted stable in its rela- tion to the house. At this side is the vegetable garden, in which are also grown the kitchen flowers, and the whole screened and enclosed with a privet hedge. The house, stable and its gardens in their relation to each other, and as a completed whole is most perfect, and it very ably demon- strates what can be done to beautify one’s home, and sur- round it with a proper setting by a little thought on the part of both the architect and his client. The home of Mr. Couch is the height of simplicity, and yet is beautiful in its appointments for it contains nothing that does not mean something for the pleasure and comfort of its inmates and their intimates. Parks—Large and Small Concluded from Page 18 has been a gain in extending existing park boundaries; new parks have been located at various spots, and the total park area increased and made more available at the same time. One of the most notable tendencies of modern life is toward recreation. We waste quantities of time, it is true, and have always done so; but as a people we have been backward in matters of recreation, the sporting columns of the news- papers to the contrary notwithstanding. This is particularly true of outdoor recreation, which has been helped so im- mensely of late years by the bicycle and the automobile. Even those who had no mechanical means of getting about have been attracted out-of-doors by the current tendency in that direction. The pleasures of outdoor enjoyment once tasted seldom pall, and thus with our increased parks has come an increased use of them, a greater appreciation in their delights, a keener satisfaction in their beauties. The accessibility of the parks has added greatly to their use, for the current tendency is to bring them as close to the people as possible, if not actually by location, then as near as may be by good transportation facilities. It is obvious, from our later park development, that all parks do not serve identical ends, nor are they intended for identical purposes. The large park is available for many uses. It has roads for driving, bridle paths for riding, picnic grounds and playgrounds, perhaps a central concourse and music stand, a lake for boating in summer and for skating in winter; it certainly affords many opportunities for land- scape gardening. The small park can not compete with its greater sister in the manifold nature of the attractions it offers. Nor should it be expected to. As a mere breathing spot it quite well fulfills every demand that may be put upon it. As a simple place of resort it is doing all that can be asked of it. As a playground it is sufficient, and more than sufficient, for the part it takes in the municipal life of the day. Playgrounds, however, should not be confused with parks. A park implies a certain ornamental character from which it derives its chief charm. A playground may have none of this and yet give even greater satisfaction than a park and be many times as useful. It is a mistake to imagine that every open spot can be treated in the same way, or that it has the same end and purpose as every other open spot. The small parks would soon lose their value if this were so. A park must be suited to its neighborhood. ‘This is par- ticularly true of small parks, whose areas are so small that only a limited number of people can be accommodated in them. Thus the neighborhood park has come into existence, one of the most useful members of the park system, and a very recent development that bids fair to become one of the most popular. Once the idea of separate small parks was de- veloped it became apparent that what was good for one neighborhood might not be suited to another. A park in a residential section of well-to-do people simply added to the values of the surrounding real estate without in the least fulfilling any needed purpose. Such a park in a tenement house region, with its warnings to keep off the grass, with its handsome shrubbery requiring constant care, became a pure mockery. Apparently the tenement parks must be of a different sort, and the neighborhood park, the public play- ground, the play place of the children living close by, was created, helping to a better life in many ways. All this new growth of parks necessitated a still further step in park development, and that was their connection and the creation of a system of united parks out of the many unrelated and scattered members. There are limits, of course, beyond which the connective system can not be car- ried. Parks of some size are alone advantageously joined by connecting boulevards. No good end is served by fastening the many small parks onto the large park system. Large parks are very largely maintained for driving purposes, which are at least important enough to be considered in their de- velopment. There is a very obvious advantage in being able to drive from one park to another through streets and boulevards which are adapted to that use. It is an arrange- ment that helps the city as a whole, for it makes the parks more available, brings them closer to the people and greatly facilitates their growth. Thus the park movement has grown far beyond the bounds imagined by its pioneers. July, 1906 - OM "KS ri very high ambitions. There were to be rows of daffodils, jonquils and tulips in the spring. In the summer roses, sweet peas and mignonette were to scent the air, and dahlias, asters and chrysanthemums were to cheer me through the autumn. For a few years I struggled with fate, but circumstances, in the shape of an abominably poor soil, were against me, and my flowers refused to grow. I fed the hungry soil with rich food, but nothing seemed to still its hunger. It ate up all my seeds; my bulbs went into the ground and were seen no more; and my cuttings perished miserably. The tiny row of hollyhocks that had been coaxed into existence were mistaken by a friend for a dwarf species; the few daffodils that condescended to grow gave me no blooms; and as for the roses—they once and for all refused my garden’s hospitality. While I was still bat- tling with my refractory flowers, an old book fell into my hands, and I learned from it how, in the old days, gardens without flowers had _ been con- sidered pleasure enough. In fact it was only in 1567 that flower gardens were really invented by a man named John Parkinson. Until then only fruit, vegetables and herbs were cultivated, and one reads of the square plots bor- dered with privet, sage or gooseberry. Red and white currants seem to have played a prominent part, being referred to as Without The Wild Bit of Land AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 My Garden Flowers Illustrated by By Carine Cadby Will Cadby “raisins.” Queen Elizabeth, with her love of color, naturally encouraged flower gardens. Here was an idea for me. If my foremothers before her had been content to do without flowers why should not I? After this I felt quite justified in ending the unequal struggle. Flowers I would give up. They should vex me no more. My garden should be frankly useful; but, at the same time, not a dull kitchen garden. There should be something pleasant and comely to look at from the win- dows. One must have a place in which to spend the long out-of-door summer days. The anaemic flowers should all go, but the fir trees and little lawns had served me well for carpet and shade and never made my heart ache, so they might remain. Now my garden is thor- oughly pre - Elizabethan. There are borders’ of marjoram, rosemary and lavender, and beds of sage, mint, thyme and_ other herbs, besides rows of gooseberries and “‘raisins.”’ The beans climb up their tall sticks along the grassy path, forming quite an ave- nue. The beetroot leaves, with their warm red, make a beautiful patch of color. The onions, when in bloom, stand up boldly in a row, forming a most charming _ decorative frieze. What is prettier than an asparagus bed, with its red berries? Cab- bages, with their leaves of wonderful bluish gray, are studies in tone; and even the potato patch, when it is still green, is not un- sightly. One has to con- fess it becomes a little cheerless when its growth is completed, but the AMERICAN HOMES -A ND) (@AURSDIe Nis July, 1906 Among the Carrots with Their Feathery Leaves The Potato Patch potatoes grown on my poor sandy soil are so good it makes one lenient to them even in their ugly stages. A row of carrots with their feathery leaves and a row of peas in bloom as a background have a distinct decorative value. Even the soil itself, with its mauve bloom, when once one has forgiven it, has a charm for the eye. The espalier fruit trees, with their old-world look, are quite in keeping with my garden; they suit the old-fashioned grass paths, and they yield their fruit in a generous way, almost laying it into one’s hand. One corner of my garden grows chestnut and oak trees. I leave it wild. One can afford to give Nature a bit when there is ground to spare; and I can be lavish in this respect, having no cuttings, seeds or bulbs crying out for room. So the trees and underwood keep my wild bit furnished. In the autumn, when the leaves are swept to the sides, they form a border of most wonderful colors; and the vivid yel- lows and brilliant reds almost compensate me for having said “‘good-by” to my flowers. Of course, it will always be “almost,” for in spite of compensations one is really like the fox in the fable, who lost his tail, and it is in his attitude of mind that one will regard the gardens of the more fortunate. Like the optimistic fox, one can accommodate oneself to cir- cumstances, and in the end become quite convinced that flowers, like a tail, are a useless encumbrance and that one is ever so much better without them. One needs, of course, to thoroughly appreciate the point of view from which such a garden should be considered. Is one’s admiration for it somewhat forced? Perhaps so; yet I hasten to put such thoughts away from me. ‘The flower gardens one sees are very beautiful—many of them—but they represent an expenditure of time and money I could not put into my place. Moreover I had tried, tried hard, labor- Vie weAN “SOMES AND GARDENS Ww iously, expensively, with results more and more saddening and disheartening, to make just such a garden as I would like to have, to grow exactly those flowers, trees, shrubs, and bulbs I had always wanted to grow; but evidently the world held nothing of that kind for me, not the particular part of it I had made my own. But a garden I must have, and a garden I did have, albeit a new-old type of garden that perhaps not every one would be satisfied with. And it pleases me and interests me, in- terests me thoroughly, and delights me amazingly. And why not? ‘The vegetables and fruits I grow have real beauty of their own. ‘They are arranged to develop that beauty. They are planted, in most cases, in accordance with a definite scheme. And I have beauty of form and color, beauty as real as any that nature produces in her plant life, beauty as varied as nature shows anywhere. And there is no trouble, no worriment, no loss of sleep pondering if the seeds are coming up, no worry over results. And I take, I dare say, a keen delight in the uniqueness of my garden. I know no other like it, and it is mine own, my very own. I have thought this garden without flowers might give hints of helpfulness to others. Why should not the market garden be arranged with somewhat of the taste and care that are lavished upon the fiower growth? Why, if one is cramped for room, should not one deck one’s borders with useful vegetables, planted with an eye for beau- ty, as one plants flowers? Surely if a plant be good to eat it may not the less be admired for its appearance. However, I need not argue the question. I submit my own case, and it has given me many delightful hours and many a good dish of healthy food. The Espalier Fruit Trees i) ~— &) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 Helps to Home Building The Value of Architectural Study to the Architect HE architect is concerned with the practical problems of actual building. Much of his work is pure drudgery, hard, unprofitable, unentertaining study. Like most men en- gaged in any occupation he has constantly to do things he does not want to do and when he apes not wish to do them. ‘The agreeable side of his work is the designing of agreeable things. He likes to design and enjoys the study that results in designing. But before he can design he must learn many things. The chief oi these, without question, is to learn to design. His natural gifts in that direction may be as great as you please, but training and studying are necessary before a structure can be so designed that it can be built in an economic and artistic manner. The training of an architect is a subject that has received a great deal of attention. In Europe—at least on the con- tinent—it is more or less a matter of governmental control. The greatest architectural school in the world is the cele- brated Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, and most other archi- tectural schools are modeled on its methods. ‘This is par- ticularly true of the architectural schools in this country which are supported or encouraged by men who have studied in Paris. The trained architect is a comparatively modern creation, trained as architects are now expected to be trained, and trained as they must be if they would achieve any sort of success in their profession. ‘The architect to-day must be a learned man. It is true that many good architects and many successful architects cannot be so described. ‘This, however, by no means vitiates the truth of the statement, for the archi- tect who knows the most is the one who wins the most notable success. Knowledge with architects implies more than the mere possession of groups of facts. Architecture is a practical art, concerned with practical affairs. Architectural knowl- edge must be real knowledge, adapted to practical work and capable of being translated into actual buildings. He must have creative ability as well as stores of knowledge, for without the former the latter is of no value whatsoever. The conditions of architectural practice are not conducive to the acquirement of knowledge or the development of cre- ative powers. ‘he architect who enters his profession filled with the enthusiasm of youth for beautiful buildings and ex- quisite decorations, soon loses his young ardor in the ex- acting requirements of actual work. ‘The fine buildings he dreamed of are never realized. The great schemes that en- thused him fail of realization. One by one the cherished dreams, ideals of his early life, fail him, and there is little left save hard reality. The experience is not confined to architecture, but is char- acteristic of all callings which are in any way dependent on the emotions or which have an emotional aspect. ‘The re- sult in architecture is, however, well calculated to arouse sympathy, for the dreams of the young artist are pleasant dreams that seem so capable of realization if the opportunity to carry them out but presents itself. The architect, however, no sooner becomes immersed in professional work than he realizes that he is no longer an artist but a man of affairs. The question whether architecture be a profession or an art has been argued by many weighty minds without either side being satisfied. ‘The current idea among architects as a rule is that they are artists. The practical conception of them among those outside their pro- fession is that they are men of business, engaged in business matters. ‘hey are entrusted with their client’s money; they administer practical affairs, and they are concerned with all sorts of things which have no artistic meaning or significance, and which are essential in the practice of their art. All of this brings out very clearly the very great knowl- edge the architect must have. He must know all sorts of things. He must keep in touch with the advancement of science. He must know what is the best material to use for certain exposures, situations, method of construction and results. He must know what is being done in his profession to-day, and he must know what has been done before. The pleasures of the study of architectural history are very great. It is the most important part of the architect’s early training—of his pre-professional career. Once plunged into ofhice work he will have little enough time for historical study. ‘Then his ideas are narrowed more and more to the rigid requirements of actual building. His time is so occu- pied, the things he has to do are so varied that he speedily realizes that he must devote himself to only the subjects of immediate and practical importance if he can hope for any satisfactory results. He does not mean to be narrow, he does not mean to restrict his knowledge; but facts are against him. He lops off historical study with one blow and comes to look upon old buildings chiefly as sources of practical ideas, from which he can borrow what he can and from which he can compile the most. But the architect must know the past as well as the present. No contemporary work looks so consistently to the past as architecture. It ceased to be an original art in the old and literal sense of the term, nearly four hundred years ago, and since then it has been an art of compilation rather than an art of creation. ‘The greater the necessity, therefore, for ar- chitectural study; the more urgent the need for familiarity with the achievements of past time; the more vital it is that this knowledge should be the widest possible, knowl- edge without limit, knowledge without practical restrictions, knowledge the mere recalling of which will be a pleasure and a delight. For the buildings of the past have a greater art interest than those of our own time. They were built under better artistic conditions, by men who labored for art and who were, in a sense, the masters of their employers. They went into architecture because they loved it, and they worked at it with enthusiasm that no modern man can bring to his own labor. Architects do not work in the same way today. Their problems are wholly different. They do not build on the same scale nor with such splendid results. They have no opportunity of doing so. ‘Their work is less grand but more practical. [hey are concerned less with the artistic side of building than with the practical. ‘They add less to the beauty of life and more to its safety. And if they can combine safety with artistic expression they have achieved the most that can be asked of them and the most that can be expected. This is the real new note of modern architecture. And it emphasizes the enormous difficulties under which the modern architect must work. He must use the old motifs as the basis of his designs, and he must solve new problems with old materials. Is it strange he does not always succeed? 1906 ROBABLY few people ever stopped to think what a wonderful organ a bird’s bill really is, less as to structure than to what is ac- complished with it. It has been asked what a man would do if he had to build his home ge, and procure his food with his hands tied behind him. This is in effect what the bird has to do, and the constructive and artistic work shown in nest building has ever defied all effort of man to successfully imitate. A bird’s bill is hand and mouth. As a hand it takes, holds and carries food and nesting material, constructs and cleans its nest, dresses its feathers and cares for the cleanliness of its young, and in some cases, as the parrots, assists itself in climbing. As a mouth the bill tears, cuts or crushes the food, according to what it consists of. ‘The bill is both lip and tooth to the bird, which has neither. The general shape of the bill is such as to give the greatest strength with the utmost lightness and delicacy. It is formed of light, projecting skull bones, sheathed in horny cases, instead of being covered with skin. The primary functions of a bird’s bill are, first. the securing of food, and, secondly, the building of the nest. These being the general main re- quirements, it might be supposed that there would be comparatively little deviation from one general pattern of bill. The difference in the nature of the food, however, and in the manner of pro- curing it, among the different orders and families of birds, is such that there is probably no NN NS other one feature common to the members of any group, in Al oe S which is to be found so much diversity in the matter of form and general size. For the most part the form of the bill is found to correspond pretty closely with the nature of the food and the manner of procuring it. The various requirements of nest building and minor matters seem to be made subservient to this essential one. Taking as a type form of bill, the shape com- mon to birds which are omnivorous in food habits, we have a nearly straight conical bill, of moderate pro- portions, of which the crow’s is a fair example. Such a bill, while not as Crow ME LF LET II SS SSS SQN, SS = SSS SSS a "6 Se SS The Wonders of a — cr —~> jia), Fabri ‘ _£. - tre 1+ =X } f * 4 Rods Dai" | Tods D. 34 1 ~ SS ot” Les D ‘Centers | oN A Sy Section CD, L “ Ds . 1] Fabri o> | ; : ih I 2 S.R. D. 1347 SQ Serer | = 1 lt SASS Dry Fil | 41 — | 2BR. D134" X “OF 2 o4 bad we - an . Cen | I uM = 1" : Ji} é : wi i ' I 1 } am } xe eS ME a Je Dry I Fi ik ma % “stor Anchor Rod ‘ ai Dimgi!? E 4 gto] " I I 4 | ( H4}--D f at > le } Nod I © fA | 6 } 1 | | | 1 | — | I I j pe Ih] Fabri % hel a7 Kale \ } ¥ I I the] Y 1( | Rods D.=14"— |) Section EF | 4 + —— — 4 Stirrup tus 3-9" hea = Fabric aise ik T iM 2 Rods 9i5 | 4) a : L ie, f Fabric | Fabric. ffpt—4 | | T pepe at ee > , { b 6" = 1 ti > 2-C—* r + == 4) | ft Fabric | | Section AB, L 2 WON oe ars 1) r = as dy.) - Fabric | T e | A 3 = a i) 2 | ee | =~ + | | Io “ — | a . = } | | eS A Section Showing the Reinforcement the building, and with one line of longitudinal beams eight concrete was laid; after the floor was set, the forms were re- inches deep. It is interesting to note that the strength of moved, thereby completing the floor and making it ready for these smaller beams was tested to the weight of 32,000 use. pounds. The floors, which are four inches thick, were built on One of the most novel features is the roof which is also forms, the reinforcement being placed in position before the built of reinforced concrete, three and one-half inches in Concluded on page 46 AP wl The Court Showing the Wall, and Fence Wall Built The Gateway from the Street to the Court, and the Wall of Reinforced Concrete Built of Reinforced Concrete 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 How to Buy Worthless, Run-Down Farms with $1,000 or Less and Make Them Productive By S. L. De Fabry QS it advisable for the city man with a few hundred dollars and no experience to start farming with some assurance of success is a question often asked, but difficult to answer. The vision of a snug country home is inviting to the average bread- winner crowded in his city quarters, but the perils of inexperience and an abundant lack of capital weigh down the efforts and discourage the attempt. If a man is willing to rise with the birds, work sixteen hours per day in all kinds of weather, not minding a sore back or blisters on his hands, is frugal in his wants, saving in his earnings, willing to lead a lonely life, and combines sound judgment with per- severance, that man can safely undertake the experiment. y A) Jersey and Delaware and along the eastern shore of Mary- land there are many cheap farms, held by mortgagees or heirs who have no use for them, and who by renting them out on half shares succeed in increasing the number of the run-down farms. The soil is generally light, sandy loam, re- sponding quickly to good cultivation, the climate is healthful and not severe in winter, and the land can be developed with leguminous crops to a state of productiveness with less dif- ficulty than the stiff, often sour or stony soils of the cheap New England farms. ‘They are eminently adapted for the non-experienced amateur, as the land besides being good for general farming is suited for fruit and vegetable growing, also poultry raising, opening a variety of crops to the beginner, which is of vital importance, as it is the How the Barn Looked at the Time Possession was Taken He soon will own his home and may add to his own the homestead of his neighbor who has been less adept in profit- ing by “long experience.’’ Experience of the wrong kind is the very reason that so many cheap, run-down farms can be bought East, at almost any price. The so-called ‘‘aband- oned” New England farms demonstrate that the style of farm- ing of fifty years ago is unprofitable to-day. The home- stead, which can be purchased at the mortgage value, teaches the lesson that life-long experience, if not adapting itself to modern ideas, is valueless and may prove disastrous. The fundamental principle is, never to undertake more than what can be accomplished successfully and to develop with the ut- most energy the profitable and to throw out the unprofitable. In selecting a place the acreage is not of importance; the fertility of the soil and market facilities are the main points that should guide the beginner. In certain sections of New The Young Son, Who with a Helper Did Most of the Farm Work only guide to discriminate between the profitable and the unprofitable. Farms of fifty to one hundred acres can be bought in that section from $1200 to $2500. The terms are generally easy, only a small cash payment being required in most cases. Of course, if the place is really cheap, the buildings are no doubt sadly in need of repair; the fences may be down; the orchards are probably in weeds and neg- lected; but as a whole, if properly handled the future prospects are good and success lies entirely with the man who attempts the feat. I know of a farm of one hundred and fourteen acres near New York in New Jersey, three miles from Lakewood, which was sold two years ago for $2500— five hundred cash, balance on five years’ time. Years ago this farm produced annually the amount for which it was sold. ‘The heirs having no taste for farm life and being wealthy people, rented the place ‘“‘on half shares,” to care- July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS less, incompetent and in some cases dis- honest tenants, until the owners’ share hardly paid the taxes. Naturally dis- couraged, no repairs were made, the build- ings decayed, the tenants wore the land out, without replenishing it, and the place decreased in value from year to year until the owners were glad to sell at such a figure. A fairly good two-story nine-room house with a very large barn sadly in need of repairs and some outbuildings went with the place. The land is flanked by a river and a good brook runs through the prop- erty. The soil is sandy loam, with a clay subsoil. Eighty-five acres are cleared; the balance is woodland and oak brush. Twenty acres are of the richest bottom land which will grow anything. This choice land was not available, at the time possession was taken, as through neglected drainage the tract was submerged every spring. After the first payment was made less than $500 remained with which to make the start. Of that sum $250 was ex- pended in a cheap team of horses, cows, young pigs, chickens, implements and seeds. Implements and wagons were well worn and bought at a chance purchase for a trifle. The first work attempted was to repair the drainage of the bottom land. It was successfully accomplished and the en- tire tract planted with corn. An excellent crop was raised, sold for cash and only an amount sufficient for feed retained. An extensive home garden provided potatoes, cabbage, and all necessary vegetables for the entire year, for family use, leaving an abundance of waste, which was utilized to feed the pigs and chickens. Good pasture land with an assured large hay crop and facilities for the disposing of milk for cash showed the new owner’s good judgment in having given his attention to the dairy possibilities of the place. During the first winter strenuous efforts were made to keep the remaining little cash sum intact. Team work at $3.00 per day was obtained, more than enough to cover living expenses. Three more cows with calves by their sides were purchased out of the winter earnings, and still a trifle was left for the necessary spring expenses. Following the set pur- pose, young calves a few days old were purchased from neighbors or where oppor- tunity afforded at $2.00 per head and raised to milch cows. At this writing the herd in the fall of the second year has increased to eight milch cows and seven heifers of all ages. The milk is sold at the door to wholesale dealers at four cents per quart in summer and five cents in winter. The aim is to bring up the herd to thirty head, which will be possible in course of a few years, counting the natural increase, and by successfully raising the purchased calves. The barn has been repaired and put in good order, and stalls for the fifteen head now in possession have been erected. A further increase in the herd will neces- Another View of the Barn The Herd of Milch Cows 42 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 ing early in June, a two-horse load, filled with vegetables, fruit, butter, eggs and chickens was dispatched to these resorts. Business relations with hotels were readily established and the products sold for cash. The business increased rapidly so that the home production was soon in some things unable to meet the demand, and to keep up this lucrative end, farm products had to be bought in a nearby town having a regular farmers’ market; but even at that rate from $20 to $25 per week was cleared for four months. Almost the entire summer farm work was carried on by a young son of sixteen with a helper of about the same age, the latter receiving $10 a month and board. The only additional labor employed was day labor for harvesting potatoes and get- ting in the hay. In addition to the above, time has been found for utilizing two acres of sandy soil not doing well in grass, but well for small fruit. These two acres were set out in blackberries in the spring, and this crop alone if properly cultivated and intelligently handled will pay the interest on the mortgage. The future of the ven- ture is assured now, and the required $2000 will be on hand at the expiration of the time. Then the net results of five years of arduous labor will be the owner- ship free and clear of a combination dairy farm with a herd of thirty or more, giving a daily income of from $8 to $10 from the sale of milk alone. The value of the place, governed by the revenue obtained, will The Nine-Room House, Plain but Comfortable ee incheased nearly phate aay aie orig: inal price, besides giving an income which will leave a handsome surplus yearly if all sitate an additional barn, as the six horses kept now with obligations have been met, making it not only a creditable the cows occupy the entire stable. The success of the plan but certainly a profitable business venture. is feasible, as the place can support thirty cows and enough feed can be raised so that only very little has to be purchased in additional dairy food, to winter them over. Besides the dairy prospect, the actual farm improvement received attention the second spring. Six acres were planted in potatoes re- quiring twenty-five barrels of seed potatoes. Three tons of fertilizers were bought, to be paid for after the harvest was sold, and used in planting the pota- toes. An average of sixty-five barrels per acre was yielded. ‘The entire crop was sold to a New York produce dealer at $1.25 per barrel net, the dealer sending on the car and bags to the nearest railroad station, three miles from the farm, so all that was required was to dig, bag and haul the po- tatoes to the station and load them on the car. A potato digger necessitating five horses to work successfully was rented and with the help of four additional laborers the crop was dug, assorted, bagged and loaded in a few days. Only eight acres were planted in corn, yielding on the average forty bushels of shelled corn to the acre. Fifteen tons of hay were cut at an average value of $16 per ton. The vegetable garden was extended and every kind of vegetable grown in larger quantities. The place being only fifteen miles from the coast, with the summer resorts as a good market, this end of the business with its fair profits and cash Wife and Children, Who Gathered Peas and Beans, Picked the Berries sales was developed. ‘Three times a week, start- and Shipped Them July, 1906 Some time ago a case where success was obtained by sheer force of will prompted by necessity came under the writer’s observation. A man cultured, refined, holding a good sal- aried clerical position, found himself breaking down, and at his doctor’s advice had to resign and go out into the woods ‘“ the only means to regain his shattered health.” As usual there was nothing laid by for the unexpected, a few hundred dollars were the entire cash assets, but a very valuable ad- dition was the determination to succeed at any cost. As a mild climate was sought, the fruit belt of Delaware was the objective point. After a short but anxious hunt a suitable place was found. Forty-five acres in all, a snug little six- room house, barn and hen house, a lovely little brook were all bought for $1350—$350 paid down, the balance to be paid in five years. There were two acres in strawberries, dew- berries, and raspberries, one hundred and fifty peach trees, eighty pear trees and fifty plum trees. The soil was good, well adapted for fruit and berries. Six miles away was a small town and four miles away a railroad station. ‘Thirty- five acres were cleared, the balance was in oak brush suitable only for fire wood. Acquainted as he was with the circum- stances, the writer mapped out a plan of campaign to bring up the productiveness of the place in shortest order. H_is suggestions were received with enthusiasm and carried out with a precision hardly to be expected from an amateur. By exercising the strictest economy a modest living was made from the start. About $150 was expended for horse, cow, pigs, chickens and implements. In the spring ten acres were broken and sown in scarlet clover. A fair hay crop was taken, the ground plowed under, prepared and replanted in potatoes, corn and tomatoes. The tomato seed was furnished by a canning factory, plants raised from them and the to- matoes sold for $7.50 per ton to the cannery. Potatoes brought from $1.25 to $1.75 per barrel. Only part of the corn crop was sold, the balance being retained for feed. A few acres of the richest soil, well drained and of south-east- erly exposure, were selected for the future orchard; 1000 peach trees, 500 plum trees and 300 pear trees were set out at an average cost of eight cents per tree. Cowpeas were sown between the trees, plowed under green and a rapid, healthy growth was the result. In vegetables two acres were sown in extra early green peas, and one acre each in string beans and bush limas. These crops matured early enough to bring good prices and proved a success. The gathering and packing was done entirely by the women of the household, and shipped to the city and sold quickly for cash. Early cabbage and lettuce were tried in a small way but found more troublesome and less profitable. Special attention was given to the fruit trees already in bearing. ‘The little orchard, very much neglected, had to be brought to life again so to speak. To invigorate the retarded vitality of the trees by having stood in grass and weed for years the trees were pruned, dead limbs amputated and the ground plowed and sown in a monmouth clover. The latter was plowed under AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 43 after the fruit had set. A small spray pump was secured and the trees sprayed with bordeaux mixture, as the neglected culture suggested tree diseases of all kinds. After the fruit had set, it was carefully thinned out with very satisfactory results. [he peaches and plums grew to a large size with beautiful coloring and sold at the local town to outside buy- ers at good prices. ‘The berries came also under the special care of the wife and children. ‘They were picked, crated and shipped by them, bringing fair prices. About June, five acres of the ground of mellow, sandy loam were broken and sown in cowpeas. Part of the green crop was used for cow feed, balance plowed under, the plot so prepared in fall for the spring planting for a new patch of berries. ‘The entire work with exception of breaking the ground and mowing the hay was done by the members of the family. A careful ac- count of sales and expenses was kept and the balance sheet for the hardest time, the first year, was as follows: EXPENSES. Redcumerce ee ere ct $ 85.00 Seed Spptesreiar te oiccsiesr $ 42.50 Bean seers treye aio 60.00 Mentilizer® acre an's ih: oc 26.00 Limas abo eb nce sees 37250 Help etsy Comey ais 20.00 Romatoeswersee ret ps 45.00 Shipping. Bakers. and OtAtOCS Pat) he eic-che nyt 75.00 = ; Fumie ae ogy ers bee coe es 130.00 Crates .......... 35-00 Sioned Se eee ee 85.00 Feed and Sundries .... 41.00 Value Eggs and Butter Maxes: oh amete cts ur. 6.50 Exchanged for Pro- Imtenesta.stevescie ts oe: 50.00 VISION!) Coben eens 45.00 Lettuce and Cabbage Chusnansca | io SALES, EXPENSES, NET Provisions) ..... 11.00 : Gornmisoldas es. . Aa-8 2% 40.00 INCOME Value of Corn Kept .. 32.00 ae eo “i Salesian etree or: $69 3.00 Hay 37-50 eae “ « Calf «“ 10.00 UX PENSES) i elisiaieleyelsilcseis < 221.00 $693.00 INetae incomes $472.00 To this cash income of $472.00 free rent, butter, eggs, milk, chickens and hogs for meat, and an abundance of veg- etables have to be credited, which will reduce the living cost ander the management of an economical housewife to a mini- mum. In fact the writer was told that a good sum will be saved and laid by for increasing the stock and other improve- ments. The cost of the fruit trees is not counted, inasmuch as they were bought with the original capital and constitute no running expense. ‘The success in both instances is not due to the cheapness of the places bought, but to the earnestness, energy and industry employed to succeed. Farms as cheap as this can be bought to-day. oS ZZ Mg rN os 1 — ZZ o ws é ZS s Zz aS N ZS S S Z z SP: AN WIZ 44 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 The Marvels of Plant Retardation By S. Leonard Bastin EVER before in the history of the world have such striking advances been made in the realm of horticulture as has been the case during the last twenty years. Step by step, patient investigation and skilful experiment have removed those difficulties and de- ficiences of which the old time gardener was so painfully conscious. Probably few innovations have had such a revolu- tionary effect as the introduction of the system of plant re- tardation by cold, which was first practised in England about eight years ago. The root idea of plant retardation is so simple that it is a wonder that nobody had thought of attempting some- thing of the kind years before the scheme was put to a prac- tical test. It is a fact well known to everyone that in the natural world the retarding of vegetation by low tempera- ture is of common occurrence. During late winters when the grip of the ice king sometimes extends well into the spring season, all kinds of plant life are often held in check for weeks. ‘That this does not in any way cause injury is very evident from the fact that directly the warm weather comes, the buds on the plants split and the tender green leaves begin to develop, none the worse for the experience. All that has taken place has been a prolonging of the winter sleep or resting period, in which all plants indulge. As has often been the case before, mankind has taken a leaf out of Nature’s book. The retardation of plants as practised by the 20th century gardener is merely an arti- ficial lengthening of the dormant state, although carried much farther than is ever the case under natural conditions. It is curious that it is not known who was the discoverer of the method of plant retardation. The idea had not long been mooted however, before an English firm of flower specialists decided to test the matter thoroughly in order to find out its commercial possibilities. It was felt that if cer- tain plants could be kept from flowering at their natural time by means of a continuously low temperature and then blossomed quite out of their season that a most valuable addition would be made to the resources of the florist. “This is what has actually been accomplished, with the result that in the case of some kinds of plants the gardener is quite in- dependent of the seasons. The first experiments were carried out in connection with Lily-of-the-Valley. This plant is, of course, a naturally spring flowering variety, and as it had shown itself amenable to forcing it was felt that it would be likely to prove a suit- able subject for retardation. Some lily roots were placed in a refrigerator in the late autum, and were kept there all through the winter, past the proper blooming time of the species, right until far into the summer. On a certain day A Cold Storage Building in Which Plants are Retarded. Lily-of-the-Valley Plants Were Retarded in a Single Year In this Building Five Million The Man Who Works in the Channels that Lead Cold Air into Chambers Wears Arctic Dress 1906 July, A Fine Epiphyllum in Full Bloom the roots were properly thawed in a cool place, and then were brought out into the light and warmth. In a surpris- ingly short space of time the plants burst into a wealth of flower and foliage and for the first time in history lilies-of- the-valley were on the London market in August. As may be imagined it was not long before many other kinds of plants were tested as to their ability to stand the ordeal of retardation. It was found that nearly all the Japanese lilies, as well as such plants as azaleas, spiraeas, syringas, etc., were very good subjects for the treatment and the list seems to be capable of a good deal of extension. It it strange that up to the present all attempts to retard hy- acinth, tulip and narcissus bulbs have met with failure. Why this is so does not seem to be at all clear, for one would think that the plants would be more capable of standing the degree of cold than the Japanese lilies. It is obvious that it is only hardy kinds of plants which could be retarded, and even with these the matter of the adjustment of the temperature is of supreme importance. Some varieties will bear only a degree of cold which is just at the point of freezing, whilst others do best with several degrees of frost. To find out all this requires a great deal Lilies-of-the-Valley After Retardation Showing their Appearance on the Seventh Day of their Exposure to Heat AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 45 of investigation and the secret of the exact temperature which is most desirable for each plant is jealously guarded by firms who make a specialty of retardation. It is an interesting experience to visit a plant retarding establishment. huge cold storage building in which the plants are stowed away. In a moment one steps from the warmth and light of a sum- By far the most prominent feature is the Under the care of the guide one passes the portals. mer’s day into the cold bitterness of a winter’s night, the darkness of which is but feebly relieved by the flickering hand lanterns. ‘The interior of the building is divided up into various chambers and each one of these is allotted to some particular kind of plant. This is full of lily-of-the- valley roots, the next is packed with boxes containing ‘Lilium bulbs, whilst again a compartment is crammed with small potted plants of azalea and spiraea. Each and all of these varieties are in a dormant condition, sleeping away their time entirely unconscious of the changing seasons in the outside world. The walls of the chambers are thickly coated with a deposit of frost crystals, and millions of these A Splendid Specimen of Phyllocactus Albus Superbus flash like diamonds in response to the rays of light from the lamp. The degree of cold is usually obtained by means of a com- pressed air apparatus, and the freezing current is led into the different chambers through wooden channels. In course of time these passages get choked with hoar frost and it be- comes necessary for a man to enter them and clean the ac- cumulation away. That this is a cold job may be realized from the fact that in places the temperature is as low as twen- ty degrees below zero. The costume of a workman engaged in this clearing out operation consists of what is practically an arctic outfit. Every part of the body with the exception of a small hole for eyes and mouth must be protected with thick wool. Otherwise serious frost bites would ensue. Retarded plants may be kept in check for eight months, or at times as long as a year and curiously enough they do not seem to be any the worse for the treatment. Indeed the experience seems to make them grow all the faster when they are allowed to make a start. mendous rate when they are brought into heat, and this is particularly noticeable in the case of lilies-of-the-valley. The writer as an experiment tested a batch of lily roots which had been retarded just to see how fast they would grow. These were planted on a certain day and in one week had made great progress, being six inches in height. More remarkable still, in another week the plants were fully out in a splendid display of leaf and fragrant bloom. Some varieties grow at a tre- 46 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The whole process only took fourteen days from start to finish. Of course, all this means an immense saving of time to the flower grower. All kinds of retarded plants are exceedingly easy to grow and do not require any great amount of forcing. The principal point to bear in mind in their culture is that all roots must be well thawed before they are placed in a warm situation, and that the growing plants should be shaded from strong sunshine. There is no doubt that plant retardation has a great fu- ture before it. As the system extends, the gardener will Retardation be able to turn the seasons topsy-turvy and produce flowering plants at any time of the year. Were it possible to apply this method to fruit trees it is obvious that a tremendous step would have been taken. But in this direction there lies a great difficulty. It is quite likely that an apple tree, for in- stance, might be kept from starting into growth in the spring and held in a latent state all summer through. Then early in the autumn the tree might be placed in a glass house, when it would almost certainly burst into flower and leaf. With the diminished power of the sun which is characteristic of the winter months, however, the development of fruit July, 1906 would be an impossibility. No amount of artificial heat would take the place of the rays from the solar orb. This will apply to all kinds of fruit-bearing plants. At the present time experiments are being actively pursued on both sides of the Atlantic to see whether it is not possible tc discover some light which would have the same effect on vegetation as has the sun. Science is familiar with the com- position of the solar rays to a large extent and it does not seem an unreasonable thing to seek for an artificial substi- tute. As a matter of fact the rays from an acetylene lamp Potted Specimens are Brought into Flower at Any Time of Year Azaleas are Good Subjects for Retardation. have been found to approximate very closely to sunlight. So much is this so that fairly well developed plants have been produced which have never known the daylight, the whole course of their existence having been spent under the influence of acetylene light. Still up to the present the ex- periments tend to show that there is something in sunlight which has not as yet been demonstrated by analysis; some magical influence of which human beings are conscious but cannot explain. ‘The secret is worth finding out, for arti- ficial sunshine in combination with plant retardation would place the gardener in a wonderful position. Concrete Garage of Dr. Van Etten Concluded from page 39 thickness and on forms, in a similar manner to that in which the floors are built. The stairs, steps and even the hood over the front porch, are constructed of concrete, which are in themselves a most interesting form of building. On all the exterior wall surfaces after the forms were re- moved, the walls, partitions and roofs were given a smooth- ing coat composed of one part of cement to two parts of sand. After this was done, in order to reduce the cold tone of the natural cement color, which is so objectionable to many, the whole was given a coat of La Farge cement, producing a smooth, soft, warm effect. The plan of the garage provides for lockers on one side, and a handy work bench placed in front of the window on the other side. Steps of concrete lead up to the second floor, which contains the living quarters for the chauffeur, and consists of a living-room, kitchen, one bedroom and bath. In this particular case the bedroom is very well lighted and ventilated by a skylight, though an outside window could be provided if desired. All of the rooms are well fitted with all necessary appointments. A corner of the living-room shows the angle of the roof which is only three and one-half inches in thickness, between the inside and the open air. The walls and ceilings of this floor were given a sand finish coat of plaster. “The court between the house and garage has a wall built of concrete which is also worthy of note. The rooms are dry and wholesome, and the temperature is easily regulated both in summer and winter, while from a sanitary standpoint, the evidence from the owner is thor- oughly in its favor. July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 47 House Hygiene V.—House Drainage By Ralph Ernest Blake HE object of house drainage is to provide means of promptly and safely removing all sewage and waste from the house. It is a subject of prime importance in the sanita- tion of the dwelling and has been made the b subject of much study and investigation by sanitary experts. In cities it is regulated by law, down to the smallest particulars; such regulations represent, on the whole, the best modern practice, and cannot, of course, be de- parted from within the region governed by them. The subject of house drainage is concerned with three important things: (1) the pipes; (2) their position, fixing, adjustment and position; and (3) the traps by which their openings and connections with the house are safeguarded. Any system of house drainage presupposes a system of wa- ter supply within the house and connection with some outlet or waste receptacle. In the city the latter will be a sewer, built and maintained by the municipality. In suburban regions connections may also frequently be made with a sewer; in the country the discharges from the drain pipes will be received in a cesspool or distributed’ through a sewage disposal plant. Glazed stoneware pipes, which were long used for drain- age purposes, and are still frequently so employed in rural regions, are no longer regarded as the best for this purpose. In many cities, in New York, for example, they are pro- hibited within the house. A good drainage pipe must be sound and perfect in every respect. It must be made of a permanent material, that is, one that will not wear or col- lapse with time. It must be absolutely sound and perfect, without flaws or holes. It must be strong and durable, able to resist weight and pressure, capable of sustaining sudden changes of atmosphere and of resisting sudden shocks and blows. It must be thoroughly water-proof and gas-proof. It is obvious that all these requirements are not possessed by stoneware pipes, especially strength and gas-proof. Pipes of cast iron have, therefore, come into general use within the house. Wrought iron pipes are exceedingly strong, and a plumbing system constructed of them has every quality of permanence and effectiveness; but it is very expensive and the pipes canot be readily repaired. Cast iron pipes are made in two weights for plumbing purposes, but while the lighter weight is frequently used it is prohibited by most municipalities as not being strong enough and difficult to use in making a gas-tight joint. Its weight and thickness vary according to its diameter. It is sometimes dipped in hot tar, a process not permitted by the New York law, as it conceals sand holes and other flaws. The regular length of cast iron pipe is five feet, but short pipes of convenient shapes and dimensions are made for con- necting purposes. The jointing is made by lead-calked joints, a work that requires both experience and skill to be well done. Lead pipe is used for branch waste pipes and short lengths of water pipes. It is easily bent and shaped and is particu- larly convenient for traps and connections. It is, of course, soft and is readily broken into by nails and gnawed through by rats. Lead pipes are connected with lead pipes, and with brass and copper pipes—both of the latter being sometimes used in expensive plumbing—by ‘‘wiped’’ solder joints. Lead pipes and iron pipes are connected with brass ferrules. House drainage requires receptacles for collecting the wastes and waters: they must admit of ready cleansing; ver- tical pipes for sewage, waste water and rain water; they must be upright, non-corrosive, gas and water tight, thoroughly flushed and ventilated; short branch pipes to connect the receptacles with the vertical pipes; traps to disconnect the house sewer from the house drain and traps at all fixtures; and, finally, the ventilation of the whole system by means of fresh air inlets, vent pipes and the extension of the vertical pipes. The house drain receives all the wastes of the house and conveys them to the sewer or place of disposal without the house. It is a most important element in the sanitation of the dwelling. Its size is proportionate to the work required of it; but it must not be too large, or it will not be self-cleans- ing, which is one of its essential requirements. Four-inch pipes are required in most cities but three-inch pipes are often sufficient for a small sized house. It must be laid with a sufficient inclination towards the sewer so as to be self-flush- ing and self-cleansing. Experiments have demonstrated that a four-inch pipe should have an inclination of one foot in 40; a five-inch pipe of one in 50 feet, and so on. In the cellar it is placed in a horizontal position, and, whenever possible, should be exposed to view. If there are fixtures in the cellar it cannot be hung from the ceiling or against the wall, which are the best positions; but it must always be placed so it can be examined throughout its entire length. An arched or otherwise protected opening should be made in the cellar wall for its passage beyond the house. Curved elbow fittings of large radius “Y’’ branches and 45 degree bends must be used for connection with the soil waste and rain leader pipes. Put rather literally traps are bends in pipes arranged to hold a quantity of water, called a water seal, which prevents the entrance of air and gases from the sewer into the house. Its value depends on the depth, strength and permanency of the water seal, on the diameter and uniformity of the trap, on the simplicity of its form, on its accessibility and on its self-cleaning properties. The shape, nature, purpose and names of traps in common use are of the greatest variety. Seals are sometimes lost or broken through natural agencies. The water may evaporate, as when a house remains long in disuse; in such cases if filled with oil or glycerine the seals will remain efficient. A sudden flow of water may entirely empty a trap; the utmost care in the construction and placing of the trap will remedy this; traps may be emptied by capil- lary attraction from paper or rags which may remain in them; they must be of uniform diameter without corners and well flushed to overcome this difficulty; they may also be emptied by siphonage; several methods are employed to overcome this trouble. One is the vent system, by which vacuums are created by extending the vertical pipes over the roofs and cennecting the traps with open vent pipes. Notwithstanding that the house drain is disconnected with the sewer by a special trap called the main trap, and there are traps applied to each fixture, further protection against edors and injurious gases is secured by the ventilation of the various pipes within the house, by the extension of the verti- cal pipes above the roof and by a fresh air inlet on the drain. 48 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 The Kitchen V.—Pots, Pans and Apparatus By Sarah Adams Keller MPORTANT as the permanent fixtures of the kitchen are, it would be wholly without practical utility were it not properly sup- plied with cooking utensils of every sort, together with such devices for their use as convenience may dictate or ingenuity sug- Essential as all these matters are it is extremely dif- Advice gest. ficult to make general suggestions upon them. which might be well adapted to kitchens of one size would be wholly inadequate to larger kitchens and perhaps burden- some to smaller kitchens. Nor is the question fixed alto- gether by size, for some cooks and some housekeepers will do very much more with few utensils than others will ac- complish with many. Moreover, articles which are essential to one person will be completely superfluous to another. So well recognized are these facts that conservative cook books refrain from presenting lists of necessary kitchen apparatus, their authors being well aware that any list they might prepare would represent only their own individual ideas of what they themselves would need; it might not meet the wants of the advanced cook; it might be confusing to the beginner. The very questions of quantity and variety are themselves debatable. Shall one buy every possible object, or content herself with as few as seem permissible? The more articles one has in one’s kitchen, the more labor is entailed in their care. On the other hand too few things means constant awkwardness and inconvenience. Fortunately few house- keepers approach the plenishing of the kitchen without some idea as to what is needed. The knowledge may not be very practical but it is something to go on. It is often better to begin in a somewhat limited way, as it is generally compara- tively easy to add, while useless articles, obtained at the be- ginning, are cumbersome and add to the daily labor or are regretfully added to the junk pile which is more or less com- mon to every household. Whatever one does one must be sure to have a sufficiency of cooking utensils. This is a matter that requires some forethought, for the central moment in the preparation of a dish is distinctly not the time to ascertain that one has not tools enough. It is always better than to have to use the “best”? bowl because the ordinary ones have run short. A more definite rule is always to have the best possible. Kitchen utensils of good quality are invariably the cheapest in the end; they last longer and give better service. It 1s always better, for example, to have articles of a permanent material rather than of one easily broken. Accidents are more liable to happen in the kitchen than in any other part of the house, and they invariably happen at the most in- convenient times. It is at least some protection to have utensils that will not break, and accidents are so very liable to happen that this precaution will be found, in the long run, to be most serviceable. Another good idea is to carefully study any new utensil or device. Not nearly so much attention is given to kitchen equipment as the importance of the work requires; but in the last few years this condition has changed a good deal, and new ideas, new devices and new methods are coming constantly into use which the careful housekeeper would do well to familiarize herself with. The “model kitchens,” which are maintained by many de- partment stores in the larger cities should also be visited for new ideas and new methods. These are rooms fitted up as a modern kitchen is supposed to be fitted, and while they are not apt to be in practical operation, and their attendants are seldom expert cooks—the only persons competent to advise on these weighty matters—there are comparatively few housekeepers who will not be benefited by studying them attentively. Here, at least, they will find all the ‘‘new” things, and can inquire as to their availability and use. The equipment of the kitchen can, in a general way, be classed under six heads: 1, earthen, china and glass ware; 2, wooden ware; 3, agate ware; 4, iron ware; 5, tin and wire ware; and, 6, miscellaneous. The various articles may be more specifically named as follows. Not all of these articles will be needed by every one, but the list is fairly complete. No attempt is made to indicate the number of various sorts of each. ‘Thus several bowls will be required in every kitchen but the number must be determined by the housekeeper. 1. Earthen, china and glass ware.—Pitchers, quart and pint; baking dishes, large, small, round and oval; bowls of various sizes and in varying number; cuts; cups for pop- overs and custards; platters of various sizes; pie plates; molds; bean-pot; tea pot; stone jars; table dishes as needed; glass rolling pin; Mason’s jars, quarts and pints. 2. Wooden ware.-—Wash board; bread board; meat board; chopping tray; potato masher; water pail; pails, for water, scrubbing and refuse; knife box; flour-barrel cover; coffee mill; ice-cream freezer; ice pick; spoons and knives, assorted sizes; brooms; whisk-broom; crumb tray and brush; brushes for scrubbing, stove blacking, polishing, dusting; mop; egg basket; hard wood roller pin; nests of boxes and buckets; spice boxes; dish mops; sink scraper; wash tubs. 3. Agate ware.—Double boiler; covered pots and ket- tles of various sizes; sauce pans of various sizes; pans; pre- serving kettle; hand basin. The variety of articles now made in agate ware greatly exceeds this list. Many of them are most attractive in colors ans add greatly to the beauty of a kitchen. 4. Iron ware.—Griddle; dish kettle; tea kettle; drip- ping pans; frying pans; gem pans; iron pot; waffle iron; enameled kettle; scales; flat irons; knives and forks; carving knife; bread knife, chopping knife; meat saw and hammer; can opener; iron spoons; skewers; larding needles. 5. ‘Tin and wire ware.—Nutmeg grater; large grater; apple corer: pepper box; salt, flour and sugar dredger; spice box; tunnel; ice-cream molds; oil can; steak and fish broilers and toast; spoon; egg beater; frying basket; strainers for various purposes; colander; dish pans; milk pans; covered pails; quart measure; scoops; double steamer; molds for various purposes; tins for small cakes; muffin rings; coffee pot; wash boiler; dust pans; cutters; skimmers; dippers; ladle; bread pans; cake pans (various); pie plates; meat pans; molasses cans; tea canister; covers for bowls and pans. 6. Miscellaneous—Towels, dish, hand, and for other purposes; cover holders; floor cloths; sink cloths, dish cloths, etc.; canvas ice bag; linen strainers; needles; twine; thread; scissors; lamp; ironing sheet and holders; coal hod, shovel and sieve; ash hod; household tools. a July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND .GARDENS ROM the artistic standpoint, the Chickering Piano occupies the proudest position of all pianos in the world. @ BECAUSE of its artistic merit it superseded all others years before any~ of the American pianos now manu- factured were established. @ BECAUSE it is the only~ American piano of its time now living, and BECAUSE it stands to-day- the recognized representative of the highest development in artistic and scientific piano-building. Its position was not gained and is not maintained by~ purchased influence. CHICKERING © SONS, 826 Tremort St., Fenway Station, BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 50 Roofed with “Taylor Old Style” Tin in 1871 These buildings house the roofing firm of Wallace Brothers Company, of Lafayette, Indiana. The one in the foreground was built in 1871 and its roof of “Taylor Old Style” tin, laid at that time, is in good condition to-day. With the exception of a few coats of paint, it has required no attention whatever during its thirty-five years of service. In 1852 a dwelling and a store in Moorestown, N. J., were roofed with our “Old Style” tin by Geo. T. Doughten. These two roofs to-day are practically as good as if put on last year. After fifty-four years of service they bear every indication of proving their durability for another half century. ag ; Tin affording service of this kind has our name and trade-mark stamped on every sheet. Our free (CG booklet, ‘‘A Guide to Good Roofs,’’ is all that its title implies. COLO SWLE | "REGISTERED ae N. & 'G. TAYLOR COMPANY NECIAORCO | Established 1810 | PRILADELPLIA | P lia Warder pale July, 1906 Mv ews HOMES AND GARDENS 51 Prepare for the Bleak King 6, Fe The Summer outing isthe gladsometime, due to keen enjoyment of the softly bracing air. Why not enjoy the June-like, equally soft and uniform warmth of Hot Water or Low Pres- sure Steam heating in home, store or office during the soon-coming Winter? [\NERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS overcome Jack Frost and the Bleak King, saving coaland work. The dirt, ashes and coal gases are F-65211. absolutely kept out of living “ » rooms. [DEAI, Boilers and ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. REN TAT RIICUAUINT mediators need no repairs—they outlast the building. The economies will pay for the outfit,—and, U perhaps, the Summer outing. Don’t think you have to wait to build a new house—the e piping is all threaded and fit- ted at the shops from exact measurements, and outfit is put in without disturbing ANUFACTURERS OF building or occupants. IDEAL Boilers are easier to M run than a parlor stove—feed P I ] MBIN G ODS with coal twice per day; add bucket or two of water per month to keep system full; remove ashes every EXCLUSIVELY other day. Put in now at Summer prices, and by best mechan- ics. Write us for ‘‘ Heating Investments’’ book- 3 = G ce ¥ General Office: bd Show Rooms: let (free). Branches and warehouses throughout America and Europe. 98 West Lake Street. erat: 91 Dearborn Street. AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Dept. 6. CHICAGO os Os ods clk os cls os oe ods oss PROPER, VENTILATION Will Prevent and Often Cure Tuberculosis, the ~7Most Frequent of all Diseases in «Vian and Beast Spontaneous Combustion Prevented in Warehouses, Barns, Stables, Etc. he Royal ::32 Ventilator ¢ made, requiring a less number of ventilators on a building to obtain the same results, less holes to cut, less repairs to roof than when other makes are used. A well-known engineer said: That wherever it is possible to adopt the Royal Scientific System of Automatic Ventilation he would never advocate mechanical; because automatic is cheaper and far easier to fit up; and another and greater reason is—mechanical ventilation acts only when the apparatus is working, and consequently costs money, whereas a Royal Automatic Ventilator is cA VENTILATOR, THAT VENTILATES Freight Prepaid Direct from Our Factory~ SECTIONAL VIEW ROYAL VENTILATOR ©& MANUFACTURING CO. write us for Prices ana Tie Only~ Storm-proof Double Cone Ventilator “Made OFFICE AND FACTORY, 403 LOCUST ST., PHILADELPHIA New Catalogue WE drill Artesian Wells for water supply for cities, towns, manufac- BOU N 1B, VOLU M jb S ART ESIAN turing plants and country homes. We furnish and install Tanks and of American Homes and Gardens Towers, Windmills, Compressed Air, Steam, Electric and Hand Pumps W E LLS ies eee nae We are ex- A.W. DRAKE DRILLING Co. $3.50 perts in our line. Write us, and our a ASTeee ee Prepaid in the United States and Canada representative will call to see you. | cCMMUNN ¢& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK AMERICAN ar i) FLOMES- AND ~GA RIDES July, 1906 FREE Don’t wait — write for it now Tells how to beautify your home at little expense Consult this book and you'll save time, money and Discriminating, home-loving persons are enthusiastic in their praise of our new book worry. can be made to look like beautiful hard Every This new book, ‘‘ The Proper Treatment for Floors, W oodwork Furniture,”” and wood. tells all about wood, wood- eo housewife and home cleaning, finishing and_polish- lover should have a ing. Explains how soft pine copy. Sent FREE by the manufacturers of ohnson’s Prepared Wax ““A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood”? » For Woodwork, Furniture and Floors N Produces lasting, artistic, sanitary finish to which dust and dirt will not adhere. Will not crack, blister, peel off, show laps, scratches or heel marks. Johnson’s Wax is far superior to any other ; one rvason is that it contains the most polishing wax to the i pound. Fine for preserving and polishing oilcloth jesse and linoleum. re Johnson’s Polishing Mitt, our latest device for RRs polishing furniture and woodwork with our wax. }@a Made of sheepskin with wool on, is open across the back and slips on hand. Sent FREE for label By from one pound or larger can of Johnson’s Pre- B@@tssespey pared Wax. Remove label by placing can in ea steam or hot water. SS Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers in paint—¥% |b. can, 30 cents; 1 and 2 lb. cans, 60 cents per pound; 4, 5 and 8 lb. cans, 50 cents per lb. Write today for book and mention Edition AI_7. S. C. JOHNSON ® SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood-PFinishing Authorities” we ; : “4 av ~ hs ee =e Another one of our Attractive Mantels. In Dull Green finish. Made of Faience Brick. e can make you one as nice! Other designs. W rite to The HARTFORD FAIENCE CO., HARTFORD, CONN. THE GLADIOLUS, THE PEON AND THE DAHLIA By Eben E. Rexford A MONG the more popular flowers of to- day we must include the gladiolus, the peony, and the dahlia. The glad- idlus, all things considered, is our best summer bloomer. Nothing in the whole range of the floral world excels it in rich, beautiful, and at the same time delicate coloring, with its hues of carmine, crimson, pink, and lilac, as well as vivid touches of other colors. “The gladiolus in a mass is magnificent and _ this without a hint of coarseness, such as we often find in the highly colored blossoms. The gladiolus has many merits to commend it to the attention of the amateur gardener. Among these are its beauty and its ease of culture. It is a plant that anyone can grow; in fact, it is one of the few that seem almost able to take care of themselves. Beyond plac- ing the corms in the ground in May and oc- casional weeding as the growth develops, no other attention is necessary. I have seen beds of this flower which, in spite of neglect, had grown to a height of three feet with blossoms for half the length of the stalks and scores with three and four stalks to each root. Many other plants would have given up the fight against the weeds early in the season, but the sturdy gladiolus courageously triumphed over the encroaching growths. When planted, as it always should be, in masses, the gladiolus makes a brave display of color. Charming when planted singly, it is unequalled in gorgeous wealth of solid color when massed. One must see fifty or a hun- dred plants in a bed ten or fifteen feet long, fully to appreciate what can be done with it. The corms should be set about eight inches apart each way and not less than fifty should be placed in one bed. The time to plant is May—certainly not earlier—after the soil has become warm. Cold, wet earth often causes the roots to de- cay. ‘The bed should be spaded up to a depth ot at least a foot, working the soil into a light and mellow state, with the addition of a lib- eral quantity of old, well-rotted manure from the barnyard. The gladiolus thrives best with this fertilizer though many of the com- mercial kinds can be used with success. “The plant will sometimes do well even in unfer- tilized soil, but such a condition is naturally not favorable for the best results. The corms should be put about four inches below the surface, care being exercised at planting to see that they are right side up. As soon as the plants appear some provision should be made for the support of the stalks. If you prefer to stake the beds, set the stakes about two feet apart each way. “The-wire or cord need not be stretched upon the stakes until the stalks are fairly grown, but it is ad- visable to put the stakes in position early in the season to avoid the possibility of injury to the plants after they have got a good start, for. they are then easily bruised and hurt. The wire or cord should be run in several di- rections in order to furnish efficient support without the necessity of having the stalks lean out from the perpendicular. For two years past I have made use of wire netting with a large mesh, placed over the bed and fastened upon stakes about 18 inches high. The plants find no difficulty in working through the large meshes and with support of this kind they dispose themselves in a natural manner. The netting need not be placed over the bed before the early part of July. By that time most of the weeds which will appear during the season have been disposed of and the netting will not greatly interfere with the proper cultivation of the beds. July, 1906 Av raRtoaAN HOMES AND GARDENS 53 “IDEAL” ~ ae You, sir: Has more imitators than any other You wish to machine sold { wHy— Because it is the simplest machine qi : ave the very best In the made, therefore easiest of copying. f Sp : : Because it is the best and has i a \ ee h s 5 ld f more good points than any other iA 7 new ome; to ul EG or one rnachine, y Because its features and design your children—strong: to are the most popular and best known and— Because there are more ‘‘Ideals’’ sold than any } build it for your Own other make. Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery A comtort—warm in wint er Special machines are used in the ‘‘Ideal” ff plant to make Ideal parts. They are i and cool in summer; £O made better. Ideal Concrete j build it economically and ceed f artistic ally — then. sir. sation (5 § ee you must investigate Usa Concrete What the Greenhouse Does for the House and Garden y ee Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexnensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 58 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, ell drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward ; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details, quali 5 hoya HAT a pleasing association, the linking of the house and the garden— one but the natural result of the other. The house demands the garden — the garden meets the demands of the house—meets them in a most delightful, pleasure- giving way. But even as the garden is essential to the house, so is the greenhouse necessary to the garden. It just doubles the garden possibilities in the early start it gets for your plants — the countless bedding plants—the plants just ready to burst into bloom. All because the glass-covered gardens are working away all winter, so when spring comes the home grounds at once seem to be almost at their best. The cut flowers you can have all winter, and the out-of-season vegetables are always giving pleasure to greenhouse owners. ‘ There is an unmistakable perfection of plan, distinctiveness and convincement in the way we do this greenhouse building that is not found in other houses. Write to us. PePeCriN Gs. -&~ COMPANY GREENHOUSE DESIGNERS & BUILDERS Manufaéturers of Heating G Ventilating Apparatus 1170 BROADWAY NEW YORK ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID (SOLD SEPARATELY) NEEININ CO ali t 361 Broadway, New York (nm SS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 PPOVSVS BHOGSS DEP PED \ / [7 (( Wy Hf NI I | // ( The Key to | Artistic » Home Building When you build your new home select your V1 /) 5 4 \\l, hardware trimmings to “suit you own taste. Get ‘‘Sargent’s Book of Designs.’’ It will give you assistance. Fifty- ) 3 “A cight beautiful reproduc- wi AN) i] F) WM ! } tions of Artistic Hardware, covering every phase of hardware decorations. SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE represents the master creation of leading artists in every school of archi- tecture, from severe Colo- nial to elaborate Renais- sance. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks have least friction W and give longest wear. I} Yount PVPSVVSSGOoVee CBE BBD ED ED ED ED ED CHEDED But get our Book of Designs. It is of practi- cal importance to all home builders. Free on application. SARGENT & CO., i156 Leonard Street, New York. i ‘unenmunmnul AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS and SCLENTIEIG AMERICAN will be sent te one address for $5.00 Regular Price... $6.00 i i’ if ———— ——— ——— >>> =< ———S—== —— S—SS=S= —> ——— S=€= —— eee IS BS VO SO GVO EOE BSSBEEe The gladiolus is extremely effective for in- terior decorative work... It should be cut with long stalks and these should simply be dropped into the vase and allowed to arrange themselves. With daily change of water the blossoms will expand and develop perfectly. While the peony may lack something of the delicacy of the coloring which character- izes the rose, and while its fragrance may not be quite as refined, it is nevertheless as mag- nificent a garden flower. “The peony, too, re- quires but a fraction of the care that the rose demands for its perfection and thus it 1s rapidly superseding the latter for garden dec- oration. All things considered it is entitled to first place, for it is hardier by far than most roses, especially the more desirable varieties, and it can always be depended upon. In contrast to the short-lived rose, it lasts for a lifetime when once established and de- mands very little attention. All that need be done is to place over it in the fall some old cow manure and to work this into the soil about its roots in the spring, for the plant thrives exceptionally well with strong food. The peony likes a rather heavy soil—one that will be firm and compact about its roots. in mixing the fertilizer with the earth, care must be exercised not to go deep enough to disturb a single root, for probably no other plant so resents interference with its root system as the peony. As a border plant nothing is equal to it. Its foliage is attractive and when the blossoms are out in full splendor, every clump is a flower show in itself. As it comes early, it serves excellently to supply the garden with bloom at that period when it is usually still bare. ‘The peony can be effectively used for decoration indoors. If cut with long stalks and as the buds are just about to open, it will last for several days. It does not take kindly to combination with other flowers, nor should too many stalks be placed in one receptacle. For use where strong bits of color are desired, I know of nothing superior to it. Let the stalks be somewhat unequal in length, that there may be no suggestion of primness or formality. Charming results are secured by using flowers of different shades. While we never hear much about the scent of the peony, it nevertheless has fragrance, and that of some varieties is almost as delicious as that of the rose, strong, perhaps, but never over- powering. Another merit to which the peony can justly lay claim is its freedom from insects. Anyone who has waged war with the bugs and worms which infest the rose will appreciate this im- munity of the peony. If the flower-loving reader has no collection of peonies let me urge him or her to set about making one this fall. The plants can be put out in September or October, placing them about five inches be- low the soil and at least three feet apart. A well-established plant will have a spread of at least that distance and ought to bear a hundred or more flowers in a season, though it does not reach its prime for several years after the planting. The old, very large, double dahlia was, for all its formal arrangement of petal; a very beautiful flower, and it is to-day regaining its former popularity. Recent years, too, have seen the development of distinct new forms— the cactus, the decorative and the single varieties being the most noticeable. These are just at present more popular than the old type, but everything points to a re-establish- ment of such old favorites as fox-hunter, with its ball of fiery scarlet, flamingo, a sphere of vermilion and white, and Hebe, pure glisten- ing rose, which are difficult to find to-day, but which many of us remember with pleasure. I do not believe any of the newer sorts can i. a eS 2 eo THE WHEELOCK RUST-PROOF is the only guaranteed Fencing GALVANIZED AFTER WEAVING The Wheelock Trellis, Flower-bed Guard, Lawn Fence, Lawn Guard Ty . . y Tree Guard, etc,, are economical and beautiful. If your dealer has it not, send order to us. WRIGHT WIRE CO., 72 HAMMOND ST., WORCESTER, MASS. Large Catalogue on Request Take of f your Hat to the MY Er For whether you need-Hand or Power Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate Hangers-of-Pump Fixtures -MYERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and a bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, F. FE. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and Boat Outfits. Com- bined with Dynamos Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene Send for Catalogue. State Power Needs CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO. BOX 69, STERLING, ILL. a WAVY AND CURLY HAIR May posttely be obtained without the aid of curling irons by the use o rs. Mason’s Old English Hair Tonic. Send stamp for interesting booklet on the preservation of the hair. MRS. MASON, 36 West 34th St., New York City JUST PUBLIS Heep THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Boy By A. Russett Bonp 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscella- neous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & COM PANS Publishers of ‘Scientific American”’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 12mo. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. Prison, House, and Stable Work, Joist Hangers, Lawn Furniture, Fencing, Eze. TAISLO LND n CLEVELAND, OHIO. > Standing Seam JROOF IRONS Clinch right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs = SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED 800800000808 Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes? This is accomplished by the use of the é © CHICAGO COMBINED DRYER AND LAUNDRY STOVE“ One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons, (BX Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by IWS what would ordinarily be waste heat. (2x Substantially constructed of metal throughout and absolutely fire-proof. Made in all sizes. No residence or GS other institution is complete without (= this apparatus. Send for Catalogue. <= ————- We also make ———————_ Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and YE HOT WATER, suitable for Residences, Flat Buildings. and Public Institutions. Chee Clothes Dryer Works & OOOOOOY 340-342 Wabash Avenue, Chicago ODODDODDODODODOOOODODODOOO SOW THIS RESAW SAVES time, lumber and blades HIS machine is designed for general resawing and is built to withstand the heaviest work without weakening or vibration. Stock any width up to 30 inches can be resawed, and the rolls open 13 inches wide, its outer ones 8 inches from the saw and the inner 5 inches. Thus, sheets can be sawed from the side of a timber 8 inches thick or a 5-inch piece taken from a timber 13 inches thick. 24 From the ground up this is a tool, of the greatest N strength, speed and efficiency, and you will find it prohtable to write for circular giving full details and specifications. Mel J.A. FAY & EGAN CO. 7 Ss 209-229 W. FRONT ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO — The World’s Standard for Woodworking Machinery a | PAINT—GOOD PAINT— Serves a dual purpose: It preserves Free—Our Practical and beautifies. It preserves simply pormpblets ies by excluding * ‘the weather: it beau- cn uestiop tifies by tint and color. The longer Paint: Why, How : aR os and When” it excludes “the weather, the longer Paints in Architecture it retains its original tint and color, Specifications for Ar- . : Chitstis:. the better is the paint “French Government Decrees” ¢ Paints based on OXIDE OF ZINC remain longer 1 impervious than other Ope da nctigeiad zinc paints and they retain their pure tones de ere eee ee long after other paints have turers of Oxide of Zinc faded or darkened Paints will be furnished THE NEW JERSEY ZINC COMPANY On LEGuUEsL. si) 42: 71 Broadway, New York | h te wit ; t t aoe Be la ty AO OD yy Be shot ; ipl zoe 4S ny he St “4 Nass ae July, 1906 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDENS = Pes: 2D y ge PULVERIZED My SHEEP MANURE [ETO The Lawn Beautiful 1 or bl foo ‘Derma nt Sod Brand Pulver- ized Sheep Manire ments 1 I ther and nat a tr r r leaves, brig! YOU CAN SEE YOUR GARDEN GROW ae order. ee DORMANT ae COMPANY 21 Exchange Ay n < Yar Chicago ft eee I WROUGHT IRON FENCE 4*° ENTRANCE *GATES - ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK TREE GUARDS, LAWN= “FURNITURE ETC: TENNIS COURT ENCLOS URES A SPECIALTY *F-E-CARPENTER:-CO:- 7 &9 WARREN ST NEW YORK J SAVE THE BOYS ano GIRLS At your deal- from the misery of unhealthy lives ers, or write by giving them an abundance 0 Egos d for lowest Aa out-of- doors exe rcisenow. Th cory a “IRISH MAIL” de ey car gives even development to every part of the boy’s body. Lots of fun. Built low and can’t upset. The car that’s Seated for speed. ‘a Hill-Standard Mfg. Co. T ATENTED —— 8 Irish Mail Ave. Anderson, Ind. JOP Se 4b. IPs VO ey IG It Sy elite 1B) W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing I matters concerning poco Won there is ul ys the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the pra oti ‘al requirements of commercial life. The author hopes tl t he has been successful in avoiding this fault, ar that his book will be regarded as both practi and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 eCMUNN © CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK EEE EES 56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 ~~ay SANT TAg ee THE WASHABLE WALL COVERING Every American home owner should know Sanitas. It is the most satisfactory wall hanging made. It is artistic, durable and absolutely cleanly. Its cloth founda- tion gives it strength enough to stand the wear and tear of everyday usage. Its surface is finished in oil paint and affords no lodging place for dust and germs. It can be kept clean with soap and water. Its designs and colors are varied and beautiful enough to use in any room of any home The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration supplies suggestions for wall treatment and samples free Write Dept. P for circulars STANDARD TABLE OILCLOTH COMPANY 320 BROADWAY NEW YORK METAL LATH & ROOFING =a _ NES, gia. Seasonable talk on Good Paint for the @ e e Preservation of all classes of Metal and pring alin INS Wood, is contained in the New Pamphlet B-106. Write for free copy, Paint De- partment, JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersry City, N. J. surpass them in richness of color or freedom of bloom. The decorative dahlia is doubtless a great improvement in many respects over the old type. Its flowers are far more graceful in individual appearance and they show to much better advantage on the plant. ‘They are ex- cellent for cutting. They last for days if the water in which they are placed is fre- quently changed. ‘The single ones are pretty and showy with their yellow disks, and so are the cactus variety with their curious, twisted petals. Starting dahlias indoors early in the sea- son and transplanting them in June seldom gave good results. “To-day even at the north the practice is to wait until the ground has become thoroughly warm, and then to put the roots into the beds where the plants are to grow. The soil should be rich—very rich. It should be made mellow to the depth of a foot and a half and for at least that distance on all sides of each plant. The secret of suc- cessful dahlia culture is, in a sentence, rich soil, and plenty of moisture at the roots. “The plant will advance steadily and rapidly if well fertilized and if given all the water it needs. Dahlias should be tied to stout stakes with strips of cloth at least an inch in width, rather than with strings, as the latter are liable to cut into the soft stalks. EH E EAWEN By L. C. Corbett es canvas of the architect and the land- scape gardener is the lawn. It mat- ters little whether the extent of the lawn be great or small, its inherent qualities are the same, and its intrinsic worth is de- termined by its character and the manner in which it is kept. Mother Earth abhors rough edges and broken places on her bosom, and immediately proceeds to cover such ugly spots with green grass. Man likes to get his feet upon the soil, but better still upon the soft, yielding greensward. Rich rugs and carpets do not give the elastic spring that the well- made and well-kept greensward yields. A lawn is the accompaniment of every ef- fort on the part of man to beautify the sur- roundings of his abiding place. The great in- crease of interest in suburban and rural life has caused a corresponding increase of inter- est in matters pertaining to the making and maintenance of lawns. Suburban railways, the extension of electric lines into the country, and the-return of man to natural ways of liv- ing are all factors contributing to the growing interest in matters pertaining to lawn making. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAWNS. The lawn should be useful and it should at the same time be beautiful. Its beauty de- pends upon the contour of the land, the color and texture of the grass, and the uniformity of the turf. The use of the lawn is to pro- vide a suitable setting for architectural adorn- ment and landscape planting. No effort should be spared when working with small areas to give the lawn the appearance of great extent. The buildings should be kept well back, the foundation not too high, and the grading of the ground should be slightly convex—that is, a gently convex, rolling sur- face from the base of the foundation to the an concave. A convex surface tends to give the effect of increased area, while a concave surface seemingly shortens distance. The extent of a lawn is also amplified by preserving as large areas of unbroken greensward as possible. This means the use of trees and shrubs only upon borders or margins of the lawn, rather than a pro- miscuous scattering of them over the green- sward. July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 57 BURLINGTON ansicit. BLINDS Screens and Screen Highest Quality Surest’ Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window, Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Wienetiant Biinditor Proved by actual use to be Saeiieniniowland ; the most practical and satis- Hl] Sliding Blinds for i factory blinds and screens on | ea: outdoor veranda. fheemiariet i inside use. Any wood; any finish ; 1] Requirenopockets to match trim. For your own best interests [AF Any wood; any and your customers, send for finish. Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR pe Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle. Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron, Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue. J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. LAWN HOSE 4 “The ‘Kind That Lasts” ' \ the dl thal Gaulavt hed gee buy hes a ator our name anid brand ye MU CAnmMAKe'a po sitive saving of 60 per m cent or more in cost of Lawn Hose by buying the genuine “BULL-FROG” BRAND MLESS T Because “BULL FROG” BRAN! De ostanomore oe lasts over twice as long as the oldstyle lapped tube kind. Nine-tenths of all hose trouble is because of faulty seams. (Sce Cuts.) SPECIAL OFFER:—To widely distribute *“BULL-FROG” BRAND. We will, if your dealer does not handle it, ship ou, upon receipt of price On 30 Days’ Free Trial, 50-ft. -in. 8-ply with brass couplings and nozzle complete for 87.60, express prepaid East of the Mississippi River and North of the Tennessee line ; equalized beyond. Money backif not satisfied. FREE! Upor request valuable kon “1. their making oad care.” Dealers shoul nd how they car tnercase their Lawn Hose business rey Summit St. The Toledo Rubber Co, T0LED®, 0- Reference any bank in Toledo. Rstablished 1890, This is the kind you no doubt have bought in BS the past. FUST PUBLISHED AMERICAN RENAISSANCE TA Mieview of Domestic Architecture By Hoy Wheeler Dow, Architect PD ILLUSTRATED 4y NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT From ‘‘American Renaissance ”’ This book is a carefully prepared history of American Domestic Architecture from Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- orate manner and worthy a place in every architectural library, and should be read by every one who desires to familiarize him- self wth Colonial architecture and its effect on the architecture of to-day. CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; II., Art and Commercialism; III., The Ancient Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble Beginnings of a National School; V., The Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- tury Work; VII., The Transitional Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning Style; XII., Conclusion. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, CILT TOP Price, $4.00 net NEW YORK MUNN & CO., PUBLISHERS, Established 1862 D. Dorendorf “171° MANUFACTURER OP Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK FE MENT BOOK Invaluable to property owners, farmers, architects, builders, contractors, etc. How to use Portland Cement, 50c. ; Cement Sidewalk Construction, 50c.; Reinforced Concrete Construction, $2.50; Hollow Block Con- crete Construction, 50c. Sent postage paid. CHICAGO, ILL. EMENT and ENGINEERING NEW Send for Free Book on Household Health ‘ e be | rf, Closet AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | : 1 sa eh ANE ey lt NOR SAE SELENE LER LMLEEGOE BES ETE NG EDIE TI: TRADE MARK The first step toward a proper understanding of the Sanitation of the home is to get the book on ‘‘Household Health.’’ It is sent free on application. It explains the perfect principle of the wonderful SY-CLO Closet and shows why it is the safe closet. It tells how to detect the unsanitary closet—how to protect the health of the home. The SY-CLO Closet has a double cleansing action. A copious flush of water from above starts an_ irresistible syphonic action from below. The downward rush of the water through the pipes creates a vacuum—a powerful pump- like fw/ which instantly empties the bowl of @// its contents instead of merely diluting as does the ordinary closet. Being formed of a single piece of solid white china, the SY-CLO Closet is without crack, joint or seam for the lodge- ment of impurity. Nothing can adhere or be absorbed. By an unusually deep water seal between the closet bowl and the sewer connection making the escape of sewer gas into the home impossible, the SY-CLO Closet gives adequate health protection against the dangers from without. SY-CLO Closets are heavily constructed and have un- usual strength. With ordinary care, they will outlast the building,—a perpetual safeguard of health. SY-CLO stamped on a closet, no matter what other mark is on it, signifies that it is constructed of the best material, with the aid of the best engineering skill, under the direction of the Potteries Selling Co., and that eighteen of the leading potteries of the United States have agreed to maintain its standard of excellence. If your home contains a closet of imperfect construction, improper material, or one subject to rust, corrosion, or under- surface discoloration such as porcelain enameled iron, you may be unknowingly exposed to a dangerous source of disease. If you have such a closet, self defense demands that you replace it with the closet bearing the trade mark name of SY-CLO, the seal of safety, the safeguard of health. A book on ‘‘ Household Health’’ mailed free if you mention the name of your plumber. Lavatories of every size and design made of the same material as SY-CLO Closets. POTTERIES SELLING CO., Trenton, N. J. The Lens of the Camera is the most important feature. This year Kodaks, Premos, Hawkeyes, Centuries, Graflex and other cameras can b2 had fitted with the Tessar Lens, a lens that will raake all kinds of pictures under all kinds of con- ditions. This lens requires enly abou half the light required by lenses usually furnished on cameras. {i is tnerefore possible to use it for home portraiture, photographing the babics, as well as the most rapid out- door pictures, with equally good results. No other lens has so wide a range of usefulness and is at the same time so compact and perfect optically. Specify TESSAR when ordering your camera NEW YORK BOSTON Send for Booklet ‘‘Aids to Artistic Aims.” Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. WASHINGTON SAN FRANCISCO CHICAGO July, 1906 THE SOIL. The ideal soil for a lawn is available in but few cases where it is desirable to establish a greensward. Ordinarily the lawn in which a man is most interested is that immediately surrounding his abiding place. ‘The soil here is usually greatly modified by building opera- tions or necessary grading. “The soil with which one has to deal, therefore, is seldom a normal soil of the locality. It is a portion of the surface soil mixed with more or less of the subsoil which has come from excavation in making the foundations of a house. Large lawns and parks are not, as a rule, so sub- ject to difficulties of this kind as are small private grounds. ‘The problem before us, then, is that of converting not a normal but an abnormal soil into a suitable and con- genial place for the growing of grasses. The ideal soil for grasses best suited for lawn making is one which contains a consid- erable percentage of clay and is moderately moist—a soil which is somewhat retentive of moisture, but never becomes excessively wet, and is inclined to be heavy and compact rather than light, loose, and sandy. A strong clay loam or a sandy loam, underlaid by a clay sub- soil, is undoubtedly the nearest approach to an ideal soil for a lawn; it, therefore, should be the aim in establishing a lawn to approach as near as is possible to one or the other of these types of soil. In many localities it will, however, be very difficult to produce by any artificial means at one’s command a soil which will approach in texture either of the types. The aim, nevertheless, should be to attaining as closely as possible these ideals. Where a pure sand or a light sandy soil is the only foundation for the lawn, a_ top- dressing of two or three inches of clay should be incorporated with the first four to six inches of the sand; the area should then if possible, be used for the production of some green crop which gives an abundance of veg- etable matter. In latitudes south of Wash- ington, D. C., cowpeas and soy beans, and in districts north of this red clover, vetches, and Canada peas are suitable for this type of soil improvement. ‘hese crops, if allowed to oc- cupy the land until their maximum growth is attained and then plowed under, will act very beneficially upon the structure of the soil in making it more retentive of moisture, better able to hold fertilizers applied to it, and less liable to allow the greensward upon it to be killed out in times of drought. When green manuring is not desirable good results can be attained by the use of stable manure which will add available plant food and at the same time increase the store of humus. A dressing of thirty to fifty two-horse wagonloads of such manure to the acre is not too much for quick returns and lasting effects. GRADING. Before definite preparations are made for the seed bed, the surface of the lawn should be reduced to the desired grade. In large areas a gently undulating or broken surface is much more pleasing than a uniformly graded surface. Such a surface also lends itself bet- ter to plantations of trees and shrubs. For small grounds less than an acre in extent the grading should be comparatively uniform and of the simplest possible character. The general statement made in regard to the con- tour of the surface is sufficient for guidance in grading such small areas. PREPARATION OF THE SOIL. Since the lawn is intended to be a perm- anent feature of the decoration of a place, its span of life is of utmost importance. In general, grass seeds are small and the surface seed bed for the reception of these seeds need not be more than one inch in depth; but since grasses, as they become established, send out SWAN POINT CEMETERY PROVIDENCE R.1. RURAL CEMETERY ALBANY N.Y. SPRING GROVE CEMETERY CINCINNATI O- OAKWOOD CEMETERY TROY N.Y. ~ WOODLAWN CEMETERY NEW YORK OAKWOOD CEMETERY TROY N.Y, RURAL CEMETERY os _ST.AGNES CEMETERY ALBANY N.Y. | | — _ALBANY N.Y. FLINT GRANITE COMPANY, designers and builders of the highest grade ; of monumental work in granite, marble and bronze, employing sculptors ana | designers of recognized ability. ‘These illustrations are examples of their productions. Illustrated catalogue mailed upon request. Ask for Catalogue “*G ,” FLINT GRANITE COMPANY, - 1133 BroaDWAy, NEW YORK CITY. Works: Albany, N. Y , Newport, Vt. Complete Outfit Hand and Foot Power cMachinery O) Our No. 3 Wood Turning Lathe Ge can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000 revolutions a minute with perfect ease. Stopped or reversed at will of operator. W. F, & John Barnes Co. WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL. Avian recAN HOMES AND GARDENS CULTS U BAR cAdapted to General Wood ¢/Manufacturing They are A Predominant Instant action. No loosening by jarring. Made with crank or bar screw when desired. In al] their parts these clamps bear the signs of a pe fitness for the work intended Send for catalogue and price list. Manufactured by THE BATAVIA CLAMP CO. 19 CENTER ST. BATAVIA, N. Y. Colonial Houses FOR MODERN HOMES A collection of designs of Houses with Colonial (Georgian) details but arranged with modern comforts, and with the com- pleteness of the twentieth century. Written avd Illustrated dy E. S. CHILD, Architeé They sh-~ large, correctly drawn per- spectives, .ull floor plans, and complete descriptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are new, original, unique, con- sistent, but not stiff nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but by an archi- tect. They combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors, with Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries and Closets carefully and skilfully considered. If you are at all interested in the sub- ject, you will enjoy this publication. PRICE, Postpaid, TWO DOLLARS Yy "very Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. A 327 Broadway, New York. MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used by Millions of Mothers for their children while Teething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays all pain, cures wind colic, and is the best remedy for diarrhoea. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. 60 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 “LANE’S BALL BEARING” is the Best House Door Hanger made Other Styles for Less Money SOLD BY HARDWARE TRADE Send for Catalog 434-466 Prospect Street Lane Brothers Company 2# POUGHKEEPSIE, N.Y. FOR YOUR VACATION READING Buy books — are exchangeable Most Popular Novel (Brand new from the Publishers, in expensive binding) The Metropolitan Magazine 12 Months, and A Tabard Inn Library Membership for $2.10 Select any one of the twenty-three books below. Tne covers of some of them are reproduced in facsimile above. Fill in the Order Form, and Mailit today. The reason we say “ mail it today ” is that the list is changed every month. If you delay in sending your order, you may not get the book you require and we should be obliged to return your money. 1 The Long Arm . Samuel M. Gardenhire | 12 The Passenger from Calais © Arthur Griffiths 2 The Dawn of a Tomorrow | 13 Barbara Winslow—Rebel Elizabeth Ellis Frances Hodgson Burnett || 14 Pam Decides : Bettina von Hutten 3 The Wheel of Life : Ellen Glasgow || 15 Cowardice Court Geo. Barr McCutcheon 4 The Truth About Tolna . Bertha Runkle || 16 The Patriots . Cyrus Townsend Brady 5 The House of a Thousand Candles || 17 A Motor Car Divorce Louise Closser Hale Meredith Nicholson || 18 The Girl with the Blue Sailor 6 The Lake ‘ F . George Moore | Burton E. Stevenson 7 The Great Refusal F Maxwell Grey || 19 The Angel of Pain ; FE. F. Benson 8 Carolina Lee : Lilian Bell || 20 My Sword for Lafayette Max Pemberton 9 The Shadow of Life Anne Doug: as Sedgwick || 21 A Maker of History - Oppenheim 10 The Lawbreakers . ; Robert Grant || 22 Fenwick’s Career Mrs. Humphrey Ward 11 The Last Spike ‘ 5 Cy Warman || 23 Coniston c 4 Winston Churchill Many of these books are among the most popular of the day. You can exchange the book at any Tabard Inn Library station. A.H.&G.6 FORM OF ORDER. THE TABARD INN LIBRARY J611 Chestnut St., Philadelphia DEAR SIRS :—I enclose herewith $2.10 for which you will enter my name for THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE for one year beginning with the.............02 number, and send me by mail pre- paid amew copy, of the following BOOK i ctecnjclescleleraalelsieie/slejevteiejeletels the Book to be ina Tabard Inn Case and to be exchangeable facatee at any Tabard Inn Library in the United States. IV IPE Cara c|vie\e oldie tals)eret telaleyaldln a\e}esatarelatstaodialel ela ptelsraloia sletelattnisistestalsictatelcleteipiare FOULE “AAG ESS. On oo:a aisie'u oie eisie" sie laretatere shereseyelatvrertsieretcietavarsiniore uevalernretaiatesaye long, lateral feeding roots, it is necessary that the area containing the available food for these plants should be large. Since the sur- face of the area cannot be increased, greater feeding space for the plants can only be pro- vided by deep cultivation and thorough prepa- ration of at least eight to ten inches of the surface soil. ‘The soil to this depth should be made rich and should be put into an ideal con- dition for the development of plant roots. Cultivation should have for its object the liberation of plant food and destruction of weeds which may interfere with the establish- ment of the lawn or which may be detri- mental to it after it is once established. After the seed bed has been thoroughly and carefully prepared and the grass seed scattered in appropriate quantities, according to the kind used, the surface should be given a care- ful raking or rolling if the area is dry. If showers have been frequent, raking after the seed has been sown will suffice until after the grass has reached a height sufficient to be clipped by a lawn mower. Prior to clipping the grass with a lawn mower, if the ground was not rolled after seeding, a heavy lawn roller should be passed over the surface in order to make it as smooth as possible. After the grass has an opportunity to become erect it should then be clipped with a mower. FERTILIZERS. ‘Thoroughly composted stable manure which is as free as possible from detrimental weed seeds is undoubtedly the best material to use in producing the desired fertility of the soil. ‘Thirty to fifty loads of well-decomposed stable manure are not too much to use upon an acre of land designed for the greensward. Where such stable manure is not available the next best plan to follow is that previously sug- gested—the plowing under of green crops, such as clovers, cowpeas, soy beans, and similar plants. “The land should then receive an application of about 1,000 pounds of lime to the acre, and at the time of preparing the seed bed 500 to 1,000 pounds of fine-ground bone, together with 300 to 500 pounds of a high- grade fertilizer upon each acre. The fertilizer may contain three per cent. nitrogen, six to eight per cent. phosphoric acid, and about eight per cent potash. After the lawn has been established and it has gone into “winter quarters,” it is well to give the young grass a mulch of well-decom- posed stable manure, which shall not be heavy enough to disfigure or mar its appearance, but should be so fine and well decomposed that it will be carried beneath the surface of the grass by the rains and snows of the winter, leaving very little rough or unsightly matter to be raked off in the spring. If this is not desir- able, after the greensward has passed through the first winter it should be treated to a top- dressing of fine-ground bone at the rate of 1,000 pounds to the acre. (To be continued) VINES FOR THE 2OUSE AND WALL By Ida D. Bennett INES are nature’s most graceful act of WV charity to a decaying and dilapidated world; foreseeing that the things she had created in happy mood were not immune from time’s disasters, she brings the graceful vine to drape and hide their deformities. Na- ture is ever a useful guide to the landscape gardener, but must, like most things, be fol- lowed with discretion, and her lead followed just so far as it makes for harmony and artis- tic beauty. Obviously the wild tangle of vine and leafage that makes beautiful somé wild ravine will prove disappointing if an at- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 61 July, 1906 YOU take an interest in your home; YOU want to know how that home can be improved at little cost, how it can be made a better, happier, brighter, more artistic place to live in; YOU have a garden and you love flow- ers, and you wish to make that garden more attractive ; YOU have failed as a gardener and you want to know why; ina word, if your home and its surroundings mean anything at all to you, American Homes 9) and @ardens « Every number contains articles that give you just the kind of informa- tion you need to better your sur- roundings; gives you hints that you can follow because they are suited to your purse. No magazine is more handsomely printed, more beau- tifully illustrated, more clearly worded. DON’T YOU READ “March, 1999 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEND How to Make and Apply Stencil The Rose and | Its Culture ® Brrr, tyes Ex GMERICAN HOMES AND CARDENS a “The Garden-Altar™ The Revival of the Sun-Dial in’ the”American Garden By Derende Nichola! AMERICANZHOMESTAND “GARDENS ™ {The Model House! ‘Some Successful Small Houses Costing From $1,200 to, $2,400) By Owrsede Nichule HAT building in this coun- ns Te Cae Ram's Driged Meena! Si +d Plasen Seppertng hw ‘Whee Malden. The Plasen are Whee. nad the Conan « Rich Yellnw asstok ne £. ahhte rt ne apts NSE Poi em te Coun! Mad of se Wat Fre Oven Phew Cogas ae Paced te Eno Ech Wing, ‘A Bahanrade ileus the Terrce. which File the Comal Sense Inexpensive Country Homes (with plans) Do Copper and Brass Repousse Old Time Wall Paper Interior Decoration Something Concerning Driveways How Curtains May Be Made at Home How to Rehabilitate Worthless, Run-down My Garden Without Flowers How to Make Pottery at Home Farms with $1000 or Less A Seventeenth Century Homestead How Furniture May Be Covered at Home The Use of Statuary for Garden Decoration Wild Animals in Captivity How the Amateur May Decorate the Room The Kitchen and How it Should Be Planned How a Pennsylvania Farmhouse was Tranis- with Home-made Stencils Historical Places in America formed Into a Beautiful Dwelling How to Preserve Wild Flowers The Entrance to a Country Place Electricity in the Home for Cooking, Ironing, How a Water Garden May Be Laid Out and The House of the Colonial Period Heating, etc. Built Sun Dials Life on an Olive Ranch How the House of a Bygone Day May Be Re- Modern Dahlias A Neglected Opportunity—the House Roof modeled and Converted into a Modern Gateways to Estates Rapid Growth of Birds Home Nature Study and Its Effect on the Home Life on Great Vineyards Besides there will be descriptions—handsomely illustrated descriptions, accompanied by plans—of houses with and without gardens, houses of stone and wood, houses for the very rich man and for the man with moderate means. SOME OF THE ARTICLES WHICH WILL APPEAR DURING THE YEAR 1906 ARE THE FOLLOWING In every number will be found complete descriptions of actually built houses ranging in price from $2000 to $6000, together with photographs of exterior and interior and architects’ plans. EACH NUMBER HAS A COVER PRINTED IN COLORS The Scientific American and American Homes and Gardens will be sent to one address for the reduced subscription price of $5.00 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY $3.00 A YEAR MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN HOMES: AND “GARDENS and Beautify Your Shingles by staining them with Cabot’ s Shingle Stains ‘hey are made of CrEOn Oe C‘the best wood Becee vative known pure linseed oil, and the best pigments, ari ein e soft, velvety color- ing effects (moss-greens, bark-browns, silver- grays, etc.), that look better and wear better than any others. 50% cheaper than paint. Send for stained wood samples and catalogue. SAMUEL CABOT, Sole Manufacturer 135 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Agents at all Central Points Cabot’s Sheathing “ Quilt’? makes warm houses. 66 59 1904 Edition—Designs costing A USES $2,000 to $15,000. Price, $2.00. 1906 Edition — Designs costing | aa as am a aH Cpeeene Peeper Pe Peenge—E eeveRe Plant for Immediate Effect NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Start with the largest stock that can be secured! to grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an immediate effect. Spring Price List Now Ready. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR QRRVRRE PRERRRRRARER CReEVEE It takes over twenty years $6,000 to $30,000. Price, $2.00. The most beautiful and useful book on this subject published The designs are illustrated by fine kalf-tone engravings made from water color drawings and photographs, showing the buildings as they will actually appear when completed. Each design has also a first and second floor plan carefully worked out and figured, and ina number of in- stances the interiors are shown from photograph plates; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on plan- ning and building. Half Timber and other styles of Architecture. Special designs and detailed plans prepared. Houscs altered and remodeled. WILLIAM DEWSNAP, Architect 152 Nassau Street, New York City Colonial, Artistic, English Peer ae i Sun-Diats with PepesTacs, GomPLeTe CAAA By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the reach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pereols etc., with prices, will be sent free upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON, N. Y., U.S. A. New York Office: 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Go Chicago, Ill. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use Relating to Architecture, Decoration, Ceramics, Rugs, Furniture, etc., will be rec- ommended fee supplied by our well-equippe Book Department Munn @ Co. 361 Broadway, New York EN URE July, 1906 tempt be made to imitate it in the well kept suburban home or the city residence. In all planting in the immediate vicinity of the home, the extreme of neatness is called for. Everything, lawn and parterre, calls for per- fect grooming and the careless of vine and leafage should be studied and not allowed to become rampant and uncontrolled. There is a certain stubborn prejudice in the minds of certain people anent the growing of vines on the house arising from a_ false idea that they cause decay. ‘This idea I find more prevalent in country towns than in the city where it is rare to see a handsome house that is not beautified with the ivy or Boston ivy. I do not think that the idea of vines drawing moisture or causing decay has any foundation in fact. Certainly it has not been my experience, as I have always grown vines on my own dwelling and have had frequent occasion to note that the parts of the house protected from the hot sun by such vines as woodbine and the like remained in much bet- ter state of preservation as to paint and the like than the unprotected portions, and it is a well known fact that in England where the use of vines on buildings is universal, in many buildings protected by the ivy it is al- most impossible to tear away the stone work, so perfectly has the ivy protected the cement with which the stone is laid. Certainly a house is rendered not only more attractive by the judicious use of vines, but it is also made far more comfortable; es- pecially is it the case in frame houses, where in summer the sun seems to find little obstruc- tion in the wooden walls and penetrates the house to an uncomfortable degree. A screen of leaves would prove a great protection for the walls of the house itself and convert a hot and sunny porch into a cool and shady refuge from heat. Probably the most satisfactory vine for the dwelling place is the hardy ivy that, once planted, continues to increase in growth and beauty from year to year. “The English ivy, the Boston ivy and the woodbine are excel- lent examples of this class of vines, remain- ing in leafage throughout the summer and late fall; they do not, however, bloom, and blos- soming vines have a charm that must always commend them to the home-maker. Of these the clematis is easily first in the affections, both from its wealth of bloom and the ease with which it is grown and trained. The large flowered clematis are all beautiful and showy, and reasonably easy to grow. But C. paniculata has probably the finest eye for decorative effect of all the family. Its work is truly artistic. It does not run riot like the Virgin’s bower or the wild clematis, still i makes quite as luxuriant a growth, but it has a neatness of habit, a certain self restraint, as it were, that recommends it for general plant- ing, and then its wealth of bloom! and al- ways in the most effective position as if pre- meditated. Not a blossom wasted or tucked away out of sight, but one and all brought well to the front and crowning the leafage with a wreath of snow. C. paniculata grows and thrives in most any situation where the water will not stand around its roots in winter and needs little or no protection in winter, though like most plants it will appreciate good care and soil and nourishment. The common wild clematis—she of the feathery seed pod, is another graceful climber and gives a wealth of flowers somewhat earlier than C. paniculata and may be planted in company with it if kept carefully trained and pruned and so prolong the blooming season from early in August till late September or early October. One of the most beautiful of our hardy vines is the wistaria. Unfortunately it is a July, 1906 Siren eAN HOMES AND GARDENS 63 The Roberts Safety | Wrought Iron Boiler For Heating Purposes, on either the Steam or Hot Water Principle, at a price which competes with cast iron boilers HIS boiler is designed just the same for either steam or hot water heating and can alternate from one to the other, thus better meeting the weather conditions without requiring any alterations in the system. For further particulars apply to The Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Co. 39 Cortlandt Street New York City Works at Red Bank, New Jersey LATEST © BEST DESIGNS Quality the Highest &# Honest Prices SEND FOR, CATALOGUE HORNET “MANTEL CO. 1112 to 1120 “Market St. # ST. LOUIS Beautify your Home A million copies will be the record of the sale of this offer. Four of the Celebrated | Stokes Pictures Water-color fac-similes Size, each, 10x 16 in. All fer One Dollar ($1.00) On \2ceipt of same we will imme diately send you one full set, and if not as represented, money will be cheerfully refunded. Remit by Post- office or express order. Benzion Art Store 565 Lincoln Ave. Chicago, Ill. Hound Wolumes Americ an Homes and Gardens a Price, $3.5 Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada ¥ MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway New York Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, interior Woodwork and Furniture. Seo the natural color and beauty of the wood, For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware and House-Furnishings, Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of the anany advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 856 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. H is a superior finish f. Our No. 3 Reviver eitchenianid Sees Aas, With the “Heart” of the Angelus you bring forth the Soul of Music. When we gave to the world the first piano player—the GREAT ANGELUS— we said that it responded intimately to every human feeling and emotion. We realized the full artistic scope of the © Heart’’ of the ANGELUS — the PHRASING LEVER and knew that it encompassed the soul of music. If you wish to know the capabilities of the PHRASING LEVER, recall the playing of some great artist. Recall his masterful control of the infinite lights and shades of tempo — of the subtle delicacies of expression. That finished master- ful control is the function of the PHRASING LEVER. Yet under the patent laws this wonderful mechanism is reserved solely to its inventor and thus the PHRASING LEVER is found exclusively in the GREAT ANGELUS. And so with the Diaphragm Pneumatics, pro- ducing the human touch of the ANGELUS; the Melody ‘Buttons, giving you the means of threading out the melody in base and treble — with these you may enter into every phase of musical expression, indulge your every emotion and mood and fancy. But we want YOU to try the ANGELUS — want you to play it yourself. Then you will under- stand our meaning when we say you, with untrained fingers, you can give a musically correct performance. But write us for the address of our near- est representative where you can play the ANGELUS. The ANGELUS may now be purchased either in cabinet form to play any piano or built entirely within the case of a high grade piano, making~a combination instrument known as the KNABE-ANGELUS, the EMERSON-ANGELUS and the ANGELUS PIANO. In either form hand playing or playing by means of the ANGELUS may be indulged ip at will. Descriptive literature upon request. Purchased by Royalty and the World's Greatest Musicians IEE WIE COX & WHEE (CO: Established 1876. MERIDEN, CONN. 8 The best opening apparatus on the h market, and the only device that will Cc O V ( l] operate, if desired, a line of sash 500 feet long Window Operating Device Manufactured and Erected by The G. Drouvé Co. Bridgeport, Conn. @ Also Manufacturers and Erectors of ieee eno t b LOUV TUS” SKYLIGHT Bridge arrangement for walking on Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, — the skylight without coming in contact snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement with or danger of breaking the glass 64 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above a HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, ete. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews 2 Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer o© | Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting a C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— & ] Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. g Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. < | Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street 2% Brooklyn, New York THE CELEBRATED FURMAN BOILERS ““From the hand-loom to the home’? Dorothy Manners . Hand-Woven Ru S The most beautiful and appropriate foor- covering for summer use. Their simple elegance lends an air of cheerfulness and coolness to the surroundings. \ \ Painstakingly made by skilled craftsmen; colors to harmonize with any furnishings. Durable, reversible, washable—fast colors guaranteed. Sizes from 2 x3 feet at $1 to 12 x 18 feet at $36. Write for descriptive booklet of Dorothy Manners Hand- Woven Rugs, Carpets, Portieres, Couch Covers and Table Covers. ONAN — a : SS SEA — Special Offer: Send us $3 today, and we will deliver to As an Investment, Furman Boilers return large Dividends in improved Health, increased Comfort and you, express prepaid anywhere in the U. S., sample 3 x6 rug, in Fuel saved. Valuable Catalogue and Booklet ‘‘ Warmth’’ mailed free. Address: blue, green or pink, he Old Colony Weavers New York Offi d Ss A t e ceand THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY. BELING_ BGENTS Germantown, Pennsylvania Show Room, ? E. S. DEAN, Bloomington, III. 296 Pearl Street 7 Orange Street, Geneva, N. Y. E. K. BARR, La Crosse, Wis. American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x 132 inches. Sey adie. y i Bagels see SUMPTUOUS Illuminated Cover vat Z : : ye ; = BOOK deal- and 275 IIlustra- uf : : ing with some oi 306 P of the most. stately ~ © Y - Oe iy aca atae is ; ae Sate et eS a houses & charming a ? 4 —_— « ¥- 2 q * be "3 : “3 = | si A . aA : pad te bee gardens in America Price, $10.00 y past ay, p ‘The illustrations are Ae ; in nearly all cases napa, Say eek oY ry : made from original @ _—- Ger ee. es Fe ea ; ze photographs, & are vy NT pemeiiecarrrrera 5 beautifully printed = peseteste! ye fone as on double coated . <7 sattaageneageey: , paper. Attractively os foots Bi eo 5 bound. The book ps - a 8 oe — S : will prove one of M bee aoe S oa Le ee ig iat ene = the most interesting Company (jamie ee Sf : BEEMEM books of the year 5 = Camco <3 ¢ 7 ©& will fill the wants Publishers of ** Scientific American’ ? ce Spe a oar ha ~ 2 of those who desire ’ 5 Seagies ice ORE age jeaeee to purchase a lux- No. 361 Broadway spe : 2 urious book on our NEW YORK % = American Homes. -_—- en 2 ER a } | | | | i July, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65 S 2 Bee-Ouitfits For “a Honey and Money w’s a good time to start keeping Bees. Hours of Be oms healthful pleasure and great possibilities in profit are in store for every owner of our hard workers —the gentle, Red Clover strain of bees. They gather a remarkable quantity of honey. Order your outfit now and let them get to work on the flowers and blossoms near you. At the end of the season you'll be surprised at how little trouble they have been and how much sy you'll have to sell. ; F Ror eeinga in Bee-Cultare, the leading bee- ce" N paper—semi-monthly, over 1,200 pages annually «| | —answers your questions. $la year. 6 months trial ......-....+-++++ ecccccccee cocccceee scvece 10c Bee-Books Free—With a year’s subscription to ‘‘Gleanings” we send 6 of our ten-cent bee-books free, or with a trial subscription we send one free. They are intensely interesting. Here are the titles: “My first season’s experience with the Honey Bee’’2—“Habits of Honey Bees”’ 3—“Bee-keeping for W omen” 4— A Olergyman and His Bees’’ 5—‘‘Facts about Bees” 6—“Outfits for Beginners.” Send in your subscription now. The Authoritative Bee-Book—Above we show a cut of “A B C in Bee Culture,”’ the leading bee-book of all. It teaches in eyclopedia form—from A to Z—everything wort h knowing about bees and honey up to 1905. Price - $1.20 postpaid or $1.00 with an outfit. Over 100,000 have been sold. Has 500 pages; 500 small engravings and 50 ful page half-tones, Send for this book now and learn about these curious, money-making workers, Our Beginners’ Outfits are Reasonable Everything guaranteed. Every cent returned to you if goods do not prove as we claim. Outfit No. 5 for Dove-tailed Hive Outfit No. 6 for Danzenbaker Hive 1 ABO of Bee Culture set ttee ¥ ,; $1.00 14 BC of Bee Culture 1 vear’s subscription to “Gleanings in Bee Culture lyear’s subscription to * lings ‘cv Bee Culture”’ 1 Junior Corneil smoker 1 Junior Corneil smoker 1 No. 2 bee-veil sees “ 1 pair bee-gloves (small, medium, or large) 1 No. 2 bee-veil TWBGO=NAG.. cccccncenseccccscrcucccccecedesccccccscccccccscoce 1 full colony of Italian bees in Danzenbaker hive, f with a bottom, cover and super 1 Tested red-clover queen for same ‘ 2.00 1Tested red-clover queen 2 Hives for new swarms, nailed and pai 2 Danzenbaker hives complete for comb-honey comb-honey super veeee OO ready for the bees, nailed and painted, at $3.10... 6.20 Bike nt MOLslasveccutisccaeccduecisucestcce evcccee $19.95 ; E intended for those just be- . St heccodinins cro have neither bees, hives, nor =~: This outfit is intended for beginners who wish to any equipment. More bees can be added to this outfit. adopt the Danzenbaker hive. The A ] Root Co Medina N.Y. City Chicago, III, Philadelphia, Pa. Washington, D.C. St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N.Y. sae s Ohio Box 1037 144, Erie 10 Vine St. 1100 Md. Ave. 1024 Miss St. 1631 W. Gen. St. [ ARTISTIC {@ MANTELS Our line embraces every~ thing needed for the fire- place, and our Mantels range in price from $2.65 up. q Catalogue free The GEO. W. CLARK CO. 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. Factory: Knoxville, Tenn. The “Globe” Ventilator In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For per- A fectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Patented and Trade-Mark Manufactured by Se US BAL OFT Globe Ventilator Company ::_ Troy, N.Y. See GET METAL SHINGLES A Roof that never leaks, never needs repairs, that is fireproof, stormproof, easy to put on, and that beautifies the whole structure, ought to be a good roof for the architect to specify. Cortright Shingles make that kind of a roof exactly. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., PHILADELPHIA AND CHICAGO ¢ 7. Auto Closet Valve type with valve con ealed in the earthen- ware, Requires no tank, is prac- hic ally noiseless and is absolutely guaranteec 1. % Architects should have our Catalog H Manufactured by FEDERAL COMPANY Plumbing Specialties 231 Washington Street, CHICAGO CALL AND SEE CLOSET IN OPERATION Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,, Jersey City, N. J. F + Weber & Co. peaeee Saolls Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S {NSTRUMENTS, 01s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drat ing Boards, Tables, Squares, Tris angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders? Transits, and Levels of Best Makes Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA, Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore waxe Concrete Building °~N Blocks Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks /j THE PETTYJOHN CO. ee 617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind. BRISTOL’S \ Recording [hermometer Located within house, records ona weekly chart outside temperature Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt,-eAmpere and Watt Meters Over 100 different varieties, and guaranteed Send for Catalogue B The Bristol Co., Waterbury, Conn 66 AMERICAN ‘HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1906 EVERY TIME you pass a bundle of Galvanized Sheets, look for this mark— Ss eS Still another of the more delicate vines is found in the maurandia, a vine with deli- cate, heart-shaped leaves of dark, glossy green, $22 Cc AS H a which bears tubed-shaped flowers of violet, of inkd = Marne 'Biauel” Polkacd , pink and of white. _The plant makes a Brass [rimmings, Cases Gold Striped growth of five or six feet and is an especially wisiisesedl ce cceoewe cee I: desirable vine for the window box and for ee ee ee eee Rockies. Supplies not included. Writ hanging baskets, being of all the vines known Tse Berger Manufacturing Company et ee to me the most truly graceful and airy. It is Canton, Ohio THE BERGER MFG. CO., Canton, 0. grown, like the thunbergia, from seed and A &GI1eS should be started very early in the house, or, better still, carried over from the previous year if the vine is wanted very early for im- mediate effect. NEW BOOKS 4 "I J =) — House Hints. A Practica, TREATISE. By C. E. Schermerhorn. Second Edition. Philadelphia: House Hints Publishing Co. Pp. 55. Price, 50 cents. This little pamphlet contains a wealth of information concerning the house. It aims to describe every essential detail pertaining to site, location, arrangements, construction, plastering, heating, plumbing, lighting, dec- orating and furnishing of the house. This is a large programme, and many weighty tomes have been prepared to treat of each of these = a NTIFIC AMERICAN | REFERENCE Bork illustrated ; 6 colored plates. Price $1.50, postpaid An i ae to 8 c Wot [o) "y i 0g 3 = a ¢ The result of the queries of three generations t readers and correspondents i is crystallized i in this vhich has been im course of preparation for FU = ne jan SS SS SS topics singly without exhausting their sub- Ss man. It deals with matters of interest to ject ; the author o this little book has ins body. The book contains 50,000 facts, and ee condensed his manifold subjects, a ) more complete and more exhaustive than has arranged his topics in convenient form, rr | altho bal wialihwos Boe attempted. and s produced a book which can be cordi- te : ally welcomed and which every householder a | may consult to his profit, while its value to the houseowner at the beginning of his career = will be even greater. = There is need of the direct, careful and iD, concise information with which this book is Pes ll ‘The average man or woman about to in) = d does not care for extended discourses on “a ma = possible aspect of the house question, = ah = but wants something brief, complete and tT == = ample. It is exactly these persons who will ae inst - prize Mr. Schermerhorn’s little book. It is cd = z an unusually interesting and valuable synopsis at = é of the entire house question. pian are: > PicToRIAL PracTicAL Fruir Growinc. By cy) : : Walter P. Wright. New York: Cassell slg > Wy & C 1., 1905. 16mo.; pp. ak : 5 ; iD, : : seh s excellent use of a sys- sy = bes tem of substituting a set of illustrations ey z (ye | grouped in a convenient way, and with a suf- _ 3 | at , lanatory matter for the long, Tv == | ir usually not very clear articles din | fae Z =: hey i ie ing readers have been accus- ins = : Y instantaneous success which os Z = Ses -- | f his innovation seems to show that 7 nig St send iz pe ll Oh scp cg ras 1 publi requi irement. The VAY aes tee RO ee ying instructions for S are 361 Broadway, New York Gih key ne y every important the amateur as it grower will find mndembied by any SR MN I} if in Mh By : {x 4 O WR! &y : : JHE celebrated French house of J. Sumon has since 1861 lead the World in the manu facture of toilet articles. They Sample and Z, g f A House Lined with Circular Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. SPECIAL OFFER t F { MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps 0 alpen EIS BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW YENTI- have prepared a dainty booklet op beauty hints which will be sent free on request The famous skin preserver and beautifier Poudre Simon the powder for beauty or baby Creme Simon Soap softens, whitens and cleans. Samoles of this trinity of beauty makers will be sent free on receipt of 8c. to pay postage and packing. GEO. J. WALLAU, Inc. 24 Stone St., Sew York Gty out dampness. Correspondence Solicited. VERTICAL SECTION, U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY. PATENTED ay | It Goes With the Sash! eee) Scse8 paSmeE window screens have always been a nuisance. ieoaetl of course, but so much bother to adjust an take out when the windows had to be closed, opened or Ss eet The need of a new idea for wi indow screens may QO} be said to have been a "long felt want," and therefore all householders, office occupants, hotel keepers and others will hail with acclamation the advent of The * ‘Thompson Automatic SLs Window Screen which is easily adjustable to all windows that raise or lower. No cutting of frame of sash. They are simply adjusted by any- body in a minute or two. “They rise or fall with ei ther sash, and are not in the way of shutters or storm windows; can be instantly detached when necessary, and do not obstruct the view at any time; do not rug or break, and will easily outla& ordinary screens, They allow of perfect ventilation while keeping out mosquitoes, flies and other insects. @ Perfect in Action @ Neat in Appearance @ Low in Co& @ Effective in Results @ Unique in Every Way x os oe es Made in One Quality Only—The Best Manufactured & Controlled by American Automatic Roller Window Screen Co. 620 Mutual Life Building, Buffalo. N 3O% oS OAK VENEERED DOORS IN STOCK ALL SIZES. OISELESS, non-slippery, sanitary and extraordinarily durable. The finest floor that can be laid in business offices, banking rooms, court rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals and hotels. It is specially adapted for steamships, yachts, etc., standing, without cracking or separating, the straining and rack- ing of the ship. Each tile is interchangeable and distinct, but shaped so as to lock firmly into the surrounding tiles. The interlocking feature produces a solid rubber floor, unlimited in size or shape, with all the durability of the hard tile, without its liability to damage. gq Manufactured under our patent and sold only by us and our authorized agents. BEWARE OF INFRINGERS. Estimates, designs and samples furnished on application. Send for special catalogue. Patented and Manufactured Solely by New York Belting & Packing Co. 91-93 Chambers St., New York City [Led. Beta ReDOROE CEEOOACSFOW » FOO PHILADELPHIA, 724 Chestnut Street Branches ST.LOUIS . 218 Chestnut Street CHICAGO . - 150 Lake Street BALTIMORE . 114 W. Baltimore St. x SAN FRANCISCO . 605 Mission Street BOSTON : . 232 Summer Street C) INDIANAPOLIS 229 S. Meridian Street BUFFALO ; 600 Prudential Building QQ = PITTSBURG, 528 Park Building R274 LONDON. ENGLAND (e MADE IN STOCK QUANTITIES, SOLD AT STOCK PRICES, CARRIED LY STOQh Arthur L. Gibson & Co., 19-21 Tower Street, Upper St. Martin's Lane, W. C. i) THE FOSTER-MUNGER (0. x = AMERIGAS GREATEST SASH & DOOR HOUSE CHICAGO, U-S‘A: WRITE FOR VENEERED DOOR BOOK 1448 E THE STEINWAY PIANO Ls Universally Acknowledged to be Not only is its tone matchless in quality as well as quantity, but ITS DURABILITY STANDS UNRIVALLED. A comparison with other pianos will easily establish the former, while the mighty host of satisfied owners with whom the pur- chase of a Steinway has proved an investment for life should substantiate the latter. It is the marvellous lasting qualities of the Steinway which make it, though its initial cost exceeds that of all other pianos, THE CHEAPEST IN THE END. The liberal patronage of the great steamship lines is another striking recognition of this fact. “They soon learned that there is but one piano which could and would withstand the extremes of temperature, frequent and rapid climatic changes and excessive damp- ness, the very arch-enemies of pianos, and hence you find the Steinway in the salons of such ocean greyhounds and floating palaces as the ‘‘ Deutschland,’ “‘ Amerika, ’ “‘ Kaiserin Auguste Victoria,’’ “‘ Baltic,’’ “‘ Cedric,’ ‘‘Oceanic,”? “Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse,’ ‘ Lucania,’’ ‘‘ Campania,”’ “‘ Minnesota,’’ ““Dakota,’’ “‘ Northland,’ ‘“ Northwest,’’ ““ Empress of Britain,’? “‘ Empress of Ireland,’’ etc., etc. ee PHOTOGRAPH OF STEINWAY GRAND PIANO IN THE STYLE OF LOUIS XVI. ON BOARD OF THE *‘NIEUW AMSTERDAM,” THE NEWEST, LARGEST AND FINEST SHIP OF THE HOLLAND-AMERICA LINE Space forbids the enumeration of all the lines that have equipped their steamers with the Steinway ; suffice it to mention only some of the more prominent of them, namely: The WHITE STAR LINE, The HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE, The CUNARD LINE, The NORTH GERMAN LLOYD, The HOLLAND-AMERICA LINE, The ATLANTIC TRANSPORT LINE, The ALLAN LINE (Liverpool to Montreal), The NEW YORK & CUBA MAIL S. S. LINE (Ward Line), The RED D LINE (New York to South America), THE NEW YORK & PORTO RICO S.S. LINE, The UNION CASTLE LINE (England to South Africa), The PACIFIC LINE (China, Japan, Australia, etc.) The NORTHERN S. S. COMPANY (Buffalo to Duluth), The CITY LINE (England to Egypt and British Indies), The PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL LINE (East Indies, Japan and China), The GREAT NORTHERN S. S. LINE (Seattle to the Philippines, Japan and China), and The CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY’S ROYAL MAIL S. S. LINES. All of these companies could have furnished their vessels with pianos of other well-known makes at less than half the cost of Steinway pianos because of the advertisement to be derived therefrom, yet experience had taught them that after all a dearly bought Steinway was and is the best and cheapest piano in the end. In view of these forceful facts there is possible but one conclusion, and that is that every intending piano buyer who seeks the most profitable investment must of necessity purchase a STEINWAY. Prices from $500 up. Write for our new catalogue. Subway Express Station at the Door STEINWAY-HALL, 14th Street, Near Union Square, NEW YORK as eH hE ‘ Be : ee ee Borated Talcum MENNEN’ > “Standard” Lo PORCELAIN. ENAMELED i ~ | _ BATHS & ONE-PIECE LAVATORIES H Make for the Health and Comfort of the Home - “4 AT THE SEA SHORE Mennen’s will giveimmediate relief from prickly heat, chafing, sun-burn and all skin troubles. Ourabsolutely non-refillable box is for your protection. For sale every- where or by mail 25 cents. Sample free, GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. TRY MENNEN’S VIOLET (Borated) TALCUM. HE installation of “Standard” porcelain enameled fixtures is an invest- ment paying sure dividends of health and cleanliness. The non-porous composition of “Standard” porcelain enameled ware renders it impervious to dirt and microbes. The immaculate clean- liness—the pure white lustre and beauty of design — lifts the “Standard” bath- room from the level of a mere necessity to that of a luxurious possession. The cost of “Standard” Ware is moderate and its installation economical. Its porcelain surface is as dainty as china, but strong as the iron it covers. OUR SEI Me IRE SAVES TIM SAVES WATER SAVES VARNISH SAVES YOUR HANDS A mechanical hand, holding the sponge firmly in its grasp. The washer’s hands keep dry. Standardized to screw on any ordinary hose and can be used with any carriage-sponge. No splashing and slopping with the Ardrey: won't send a drop of water in any direction but where wanted. Keeps the sponge clean and free from varnish-scratcLing grit. SAVES 60° IN WATER AND 75< IN LABOR Besides being a perfect vehicle-washer, it is in- valuable as a lawn or garden sprinkler or for wash- ing windows, etc. Give the Ardrey atrial and you will appreciate its value. Won’t cost you a cent if it doesn’t prove all we say it is. PRICE, $3.00 CIN SOLID BRASS) Securely packed in box and sent prepaid to any part of the U. S. and Canada on receipt of price, YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU WANT IT Booklet showing you its merits FREE cARDREY VEHICLE WASHER; CO, 132 Main Street, E. Rochester, N. Y. Our Book ‘MODERN BATHROOMS” tells you CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware how to plan, buy and acange your bathroom and bears our “Standard” ‘Green and Gold” guarantee illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive rooms, label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together outside. Unless the labeland trade-mark are on the with many hints on decoration, tiling etc. It is the fixture it is not “Stawdard” Ware. Refuse substi- most complete and beauii‘ul booklet on the subject tutes— they are all inferior and will cost you more and contains 100 pages. THE ABOVE FIXTURES in the end. The word “Standard” is stamped on all Design P. 38 can be purchased from any plumber of our nickeled brass fittings; specify them and see at a cost approximating $70— not counting freight, that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath labor or piping. and lavatory, etc. Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co. Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, U. S. A. Office and Showrooms in New York: “Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. New Orleans, Cor. Baronue & St. Joseph Sts. 7 paca Sita NSAP PS pasa nab So din aa ers hed Nd Mla APL Rn eves WHY IS THE | ROYAL TOURIST | Phoenix FAMOUS? “Blind ASK AN OWNER ROYAL cCMMODEL G $3500 40 Hi. P: Phoenix Nak. GARDEN, CONSERVATORY AND HALL FURNITURE Fountains, Statuary, Columns, Pergolas, Balustrades, Standards, Sun Dials, Ped- estals, Benches, Tables, Vases, Lions, Sphynxes, etc., in Marble, Bronze, Stone, and Pompeian Stone that success- fully withstands the American weather. THE ROYAL MOTOR CAR CO. ) CLEVELAND, OHIO If you will advise us of your address we will send catalogue describing the car in minute detail | Illustrations and Estimates upon Request HENRY ERKINS & COMPANY 3 W.15th St. NEW YORK 143-145 Varick St. Glos? SHO TOR CATALOGUE August, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 69 Clipper Lawn Mower Company, Dixon, Ill. Manufacturers of Hand and Pony Mowers Also Marine Gasoline Engines, 2to 8 H.P. J Sesomame. + " Se | Ta 9%, The MOWER that will kill all the | weeds in your lawns. If you | keep the weeds cut so they do ‘ i} — 1 ee Peas 5 wad SOE ‘ 1 not go to seea, A Concrete House, Tuxedo, N.Y. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE has become the recognized building material where strength, durability and sanitary conditions are demanded. Our new book and cut your || grass without | breaking the small feeders of roots, the grass will become thick and the weeds will ay Concrete Construction About the Home and On the Farm a. eee CF i =< Mt 34 oo EAE TF tals cae REPRO suue sa ic NI DPS SPAY, ut on Mes Poked ort HERE is nothing of such permanent value } 5 5 : and varied attractiveness in the landscape of or on the home grounds as the hardy : evergreens. Their textures vary from the long-pointed needles of the pines to the soft feathery leaves of the retinosporas, and they range in color from the light yellows, grays and greens to the dark browns, blues and blacks. For a specimen with dense branches wide spreading on a lawn, use a variety of spruce, fir or pine, or a group selected for contrast. For a formal position in the garden or a decorative setting or bed about the house, use the retinospora, arbor-vitae, jumper, boxwood and yew, while for screens, hedges or windbreaks use the hemlock, spruces, firs, arbor-vitae and pines. We have the largest and finest collection of specimens in the country—every plant having a thickly developed symmetrical growth and perfect ball of fibrous roots. Write us of your needs and our landscape department will advise you concern- ing the sizes and varieties most suited for your particular use. Now is the time that evergreens should be planted. Send for price list. COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY QUEENS, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. AVeREeCAN:- HOMES AND GARDENS 71 _ August, 1906 !|Water for Your 1;/Country Home Fy to i a city water supply without a penny for wate: lax, It is accomplished by the KEWANEE SYSTEM. With the KEWANEE SYSTEM you get even more than city service, because, in addition to every benefit the latter affords, you may have —Soft water in your bathroom and laundry. The KEWANEE SYSTEM sis easily explained; it consists simply of having a Kewanee Pneumatic Tank set in your cellar or buried in the ground. he water from your own well or cistern is pumped into the Kewanee Tank. From the tank the water is delivered sure to the laundry tubs, kitchen sink, ou live in the country there is a way for you under pres- bathrooms, outside hydrants or wherever wanted. of water the air which compressed When the tank is half-full | originally filled the entire space into the upper half of it. It is this pressure exerted on the water which - delivers it to the plumbing fixtures and hydrants. An average pressure of 40 pounds may be main- tained under ordinary conditions. This will carry { water to a height of 80 feet, thus affording splendid | fire protection. You see that the method, while perfectly simple, : is based on a thoroughly scientific plan, The Kewanee Water Supply Company was the first to apply this principle successfully in supplying water to country houses, and after ten years of experience the system has proved to be entirely practical and it is rapidly growing in favor. Over 5,000 Kewanee Outfits now in use. The old style elevated tanks are passing —Because they stand no show in competition with the modern, no-trouble system— —No freezing water in winter, \ plant that the KEWANEE SYSTEM. — Absolute protection from tire, No The old-fashioned gravity system meant pumping water up in order to get it —Decrease in insurance rates, down again. It solves the country water problem completely. Now, to give the necessary pressure for fire protection and_ service, the The KEWANEE SYSTEM will take f elevated tank must be located top of a tall tower. This is expensive, unsightly lawn, stables, poultry houses, ete. and unsafe. : The water freezes in winter, becomes warm and are a big item of expense. } The attic tank doesn’t give sufficient pressure for fire protection. Its weight is apt to crack the plastering, and when it leaks (as it is pretty sure to do) your house is flooded. Just one such expensive accident may cost you many | times the price of a Kewanee Outfit. | —Which can not flood the house, because the tank is resting on solid ground where it can do no damage. The installation of a home means —Plenty of pure, fresh water, will be will last a expensive repairs care of all your needs—for on Our Kewanee Outfits are complete. Not an engine only, which in itself can not give you a water supply—nor a only, which is useless unless you have some form of pumping power But, we furnish the whole thing—a complete system of water supply Our engineering department is prepared to your problem how difficult that problem may now appear. Kewanee Outfits are made in sizes suited to the smallest cottage building—or group of buildings. We guarantee every Kewanee Outfit to give perfect service. Send for catalog No. 36, giving names of users in your State tion this paper. Drawer K. K., Kewanee, IIl. stagnant in summer, and repairs tank solve water no matter or largest Kewanee Preumatic Water System in your country free if you men- —Cool water in the summer, Kewanee Water Supply Co., ‘SEND. FOR OUR CATALOG,“HOME.HEATING” \ >*198] FUST PUBLISHED AMERICAN RENAISSANCE TA Review of Domestic Architecture By Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect DP ILLUSTRATED 4y NINETY-sIX HALF-TONE PLATES OMarPdw orsa—zeT ME Ay anonews HEATERS IN ONE BLOCK | Sil IT 1S WELL WORTH READING Paper Patterns for Heating Plants About 40 years ago a man named Butterick made a business of cutting patterns for men’s shirts. His wife suggested that patterns be made in similar manner for women’s and children’s clothes. feet with the Andrews System will do the work of 150 feet with the others); perfect control secured by our Regurgitating Safety Valve and Group System of piping. We design, manufacture, guarantee and sell each plant direct from factory to user, viv- ing you the lowest price forthe value Don’t buy a heating plant, either water or steam, until you have sent for our catalog, **Home Heating,’’ which explains fully how you can erect your own plant and save plumbers’ charges. Send for list of our customers in your vicinity and ex- amine their plants. We do it right in 44 States, Can- ada and Alaska. Plants guaranteed and sold on 360 days’ trial free. (Remember we manufacture the most economical boiler, furnish the quickest circulation, hottest radiators and lowest price for the value.) Freight Rates face, requires less fuel, is simple, durable, easily cleaned, and Equalized. Cut out this ad. to-day, send names of other people needs no repairs. We furnish the hottest radiators (100 square going to buy and get full particulars. Old houses easily fitted. ANDREWS HEATING COMPANY, 152 LaSalle Building, Chicago 431 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis. | MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS CONSULT ING ENGINEERS This is the Age of the METAL SHINGLE He did this, and the result is the present tissue-paper pattern used in every home. By using these patterns any woman who can sew can save half the cost and make clothes fully as attractive and serviceable as she can get from a professional dressmaker. We make patterns for Heating Plants, Send plan or sketch of your house for exact estimate free. Our price will include best radiators, pipes cut to fit, fittings, valves, gold bronze, and the now famous Andrews Steam Boiler. Everything complete, ready for erection. with diagram and directions so any man handy with tools can erect. Andrews Steel Boiler has double heating sur- HOME HEATING EASTOVER (Miniature). From “‘American Renaissance” THE GARDEN FRONT This book is a carefully prepared history of American Domestic Architecture from Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- orate manner and worthy a place in every architectural library, and should be read by every one who desires to familiarize him- self with Colonial architecture and its effect on the architecture of to-day. CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; IT., Art and Commercialism; III., The Ancient Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble Beginnings of a National School; V., The Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- tury Work; VII. The Transitional Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning Style; XIT., Conclusion. OZrrozco7rem]!a Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day. The NEW CENTURY METAL SHINGLES are fire-proof, are light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely em- bossed, lock perfect and patented. And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than any- thing when you figure all the saving points involved, cost of insurance, etc. Don’t fail to get booklet No. 25 we send you free, chuck full of the roofing question, comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. CHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CO., @ dé 4 “ > \~ SA 7 O04) Painted Tin, Galvanized Tin, Copper, etc. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, CILT TOP Price, $4.00 net MUNN & CO., Pusuisners, NEW YORK EE Chattanooga, Tenn. ~I 2 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 CLASSIFIED Advertisements June num- EGINNING with the | ber, the publishers of American Homes and Gardens announce that they will accept classified advertise- ments of not more than one or two inches. The classification is as follows: Poultry Kennels Stock Landscape Architects Country Property Schools Want Department Exchange A special rate of $3.00 for one inch or $5.00 for two inches will be charged for each insertion. “These ads are pay able in advance. Many who have been deterred from advertising by reason of their announcements being overshad- owed by large advertisements will now find their cards displayed more advan- tageously. With a $5.00 order we will make a half-tone engraving without charge. <2 This size ad costs $3.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From the Stony Brook Farm "THESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. Write today for prices. Stony Brook Farm, Box 773, New York This size ad costs $5.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From The Stony Brook Farm HESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, Stouy Brook prolific, farm bred, pure —_ stock. : Box 773 Write today for prices. New York 4 MUNN & COMPANY 4 Publishers American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK fe Seeee Pa An interesting and practical work on ‘‘ How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.”’ Sent postpaid for $1.00. ¥, SMEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. Make Room for Our Y oung and will Pheasant Wild and Fancy Water Fowl, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys, Peacocks, W. P. Rocks, I. Games, Guineas, etc., at a low price. We also have Swans, Wood and Mandarin Ducks, Egyptian Geese and Belgian Homers for sale in any number. Send for our pecial offer. \lso books on the care of Pheasants, Squabs and Quail; 50 cts. each, or the three for $1.25. Send stamp for circulars. CAPE COD GAME FARM Box 99, Wellfleet, Mass. The well-known FOR SALE = = Whaup.’’ Has one of the best heads on the bench. Asa stud dog he is most valuable, the puppies he sires being of the highest quality. Price £60. Apply to MRS. TRESTED CLARK 7 Belsize Square, London, N.W., England Human-Talker IS THE REGISTERED NAME OF MY GENUINE Mexican Double Yellow Heads the only Parrot in existence which imitates the human voice to perfection and learns to talk and sing Mke a person. Young, tame, hand- raised nest birds. SPECIAL PRICE $ 10 \k { JUNE, JULY, AUGUST express office guaranteed. 4 Cheaper varieties from $3.50 up. hs ONE OF A THOUSAND SIMILAR LETTERS ON FILE Columbus, Ga., 2—1—06. Your Double Yellow Head is one of the grandest talkers I ever owned. I would not take a hundred for him. You certainly name these birds right when you call them Human Talkers. Mrs. T. M. Bus, 114 - 9th St. Write for booklet, testimonials and illustrated catalog, etc., free. GEISLER’S BIRD STORE, Dept. 57, Omaha, Neb Largest and oldest mail order Bird House in the world. Est. 1888. BUND ALT Cost Town oR COUNTRY W. H. A. HORSFALL, Arcuirect 18 anpD 20 East 42c STREET TEL. 2968 - 38TH New York, NY. Virginia Princtpality For Sale HIRTY THOUSAND ACRES in Virginia, within twelve hours of Philadelphia. Double daily train service with sleepers and dining-car. I have an estate of the above size for sale. It is composed of about four thousand acres under cultiva- tion and about twenty-six thousand of woodland. Ten thousand acres is absolutely original growth. Natural trout streams, abundant game, and within three miles of the famous Natural Bridge. Two good dwellings, one frame and one brick. For information, apply to R. C. BLACKFORD, Avxtorney-at-Law LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA ARGHITEC LU RA COME TY 1 1LoOw The Garden City Company will receive competitive designs for SUBURBAN Houses of moderate cost until Au- gust 1, 1906. The following prizes are offered: Two of $1,000, two of $500 and ten of $100. For Program address The Garden City Company, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City. _ The Frog Book A Country Home Is best obtained by purchasing a farm in a suitable location and improving it to suit your own individual taste or requirements. Our “Jersey Farms for Health and Profit” is a copyrighted 100-page book containing half-tone reproductions from photographs of New Jersey farms and scenery; also interest- ing and instructive information, together with a fine map of the State and descriptive list of 700 available farms suitable for country homes or for general farming. Sent prepaid upon receipt of 10 cents by addressing Dept. T J ‘Il all of our breeders in all Varieties of } New Jersey Land & Investment Co. Elizabeth, N. J. Valuable Information for those who Build, Buy or Rent a Home Send postal for descriptive booklet House Hints Publishing Co., Department 28, Philadelphia Beautiful Homes Send for our fine port- folio of photographs of low cost homes, well planned, practical and artistic. hey have no superiors. Postpaid, 25 cents, silver. Knapp § West, Architects Dept. B, Colman Bldg. SEATTLE, Uz Slag WOHLERT & WALBERG Landscape Architects and Civil Engineers Broadway, Now York 224 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia RELATING TO Architecture Decoration Furniture Rugs Ceramics Ete. will be recommended and supplied by our well-equipped Book Department Munn & Con Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10 by 12% inches in size, and 2 00 substantially bound in cleth. PRICE, e FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City The original smooth-surfaced “WELL!ABOVE ALLTHINGS!” ir a 6 IE, A 0 i ly weather-proof (REG: U.S. PAT. OFFICE) elastic Ss, ROOFING Eee W eeicw’, To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, \\ : printed on the outside STANDARD FOR 15 YEARS \ wrapper POSITIVELY WEATHER PROOF fae For RESISTS FIRE AND ACIDS EASILY -APPLIED Rae : : S | Handsome LASTS INDEFINITELY oe - | 1 Dwellings use A PERMANENT ROOFING wir A PERMANENT COLOR The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect SEND FOR SAMPLES THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole ~«7Vlanufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine UILT by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue “E”’ to nearest office. Rider- Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba August, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND ‘GARDENS ~J oe) The Gorton Vapor Vacuum System of Heating C O 7T K | Se, this System you can govern the tem- perature in any room to suit the occupant by grad- Cc) uating the opening ef the C] radiator valve; consequently no room is overheated, which O) 7) means a great saving in fuel. q Our new catalogue, giving full information, mailed free on application. 96 Liberty Street, New York City C) Gorton &Lidgerwood Co. Ge “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle Inexpensive, Ornamental, Durable MADE BY J. H. ELLER & CO. 1610 E. 5th St. CANTON, 0. ALSO MAKERS OF Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. Weconstruct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at so cents per 1,ococubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands, also for lighting towns, etc. C. M. KEMP MFG. Co., BALTIMORE, MD. 7A AMERICAN =HOMES AND GAR DEWS August, 1906 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaft of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our **Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him ina position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPANY, 2203 37 a AMERICA Makers of Wall and Fire Place, Tate, Non-—-A bs or beat Floor Tile, Ceramic. Mosaics, Arehatectumale? atence mene WOR T-T_LE DE PVA ROT MEIN Ae EO eRe Geel Alien Ol Gamery KINNEAR SHEET METAL RADIATORS NSURE to the user positive, distinct il and valuable advantages, worthy of careful investigation. They are adapted for usein the home orany build- ing heated by steam or hot water and EVERY KINNEAR RADIATOR SOLD IS FULLY GUARANTEED Kinnear Sheet Metal Radiators weigh but one-fourth as much as cast iron radiators and occupy but one-half the space. They are neat in appearance, and their construction permits of the most artistic treatment in harmony with room decorations. Kinnear Sheet Metal Radiators insure economy of fuel because they respond instantly to the application of steam or hot water, requiring but one-half the volume necessary to secure equal effi- ciency with cast radiators. The heat from Kinnear Sheet Metal Radiators is at all times under instant control; turn on your steam and heat is radiated at once; turn it off and your radiator cools rapidly. They have many other advantages apparent to any one. Before installing radiators either in a new or old home, investigate the KIN- NEAR. Interior and exterior heavily galvanized. Ask your architect to see them and report to you, and in the meantime ask us to send you Catalogue ‘*D.” Kinnear Pressed Radiator Co, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. BRANCHES New York, Flatiron Bldg. Indianapolis, State Life Bldg. St. Louis, Chemical Bldg. Oakland, 922 Franklin St. Kansas City, Heist Bldg. Detroit, Buhl Bldg. A Chicago, First National San Antonio, Moore Bldg. Bank Bldg. Toronto, Ont., 302 Queen Seattle,408 Occidental Av. St.. West London, Eng., 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane Lai ee tl Ee Scan TEN an Bound Or: Z American Homes and Gardens q 1° response to many re- quests of both new ~A MERICAN- HBSS and old subscribers HOMES Aue 1 we have caused a - GARD '| beautiful design to be prepared and expensive _ register dies cut so as to produce a most ar- tistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most sub- stantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the necessary strength for so heavy a volume. . The decoration of the cover is unique. There are five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artis- tically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. This volume makes an appro- priate present for any season of the year. Price, prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada, is $3.50. @ For those who have the firs six numbers we have prepared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound vol- umes. Any bookbinder can sew and case in the book for a moderate price. We send this case Strongly packed for $1.50. Hunn & Co., Publishers Scientific American Office, 361 Broadway, New York \ \ TE willsend American Homes and @ardens and Scientific American to one address for $5.00. ‘The regular price is $6.00. a 7 August, 1906 AMERTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS “Wonderland” via the Gardiner Gateway limitless in recreation opportunities; offering the finest coaching trip in America and the study of Nature’s most wonderful phenomena. It may be seen as a side trip en route to the Great Pacific Northwest on rates one third lower than usual. Round Trip SIXTY DOLLARS (From Chicago $75) from St. Paul and i, 1—A Broad Doorway with Windows on Either Side, and a Balcony Inclosed with an Iron Railing 2—The Reinforced Concrete House of Alexander Smith Cochrane, Esq., at East View, New York, Showing the Walls, the Terrace and Finished Columns to the Piazza 86 used in floors, walls, col- umns, beams and roof. With our increasing fund of experience de- signs will be improved. There are several forms of concrete con- struction, the first be- ing absolutely fireproof. with walls, floors and roof built of solid con- crete, such as is shown in Figs. 2 and 4. Fig. 12 presents a house con- structed of concrete blocks, with solid con- crete floors and roof. The hollow block construction has, perhaps, an advantage over the solid wall, for the reason AMERICAN HOMES#AND GARDENS BroROON SECOND FLOOR PLAT 3—lIsolated from the Main House are the Servants’ Bedrooms and Bath on the Second Floor the country. Se August, 1906 of the buildings, but this can be very easily overcome by _ giving the whole structure a coat of cement mortar, or, better still, a coat of pebble dash. That the prices for rein- forced concrete construc- tion work are decreasing with its more extended use in the building of houses can not be more aptly demonstrated than in the vast number of houses to be seen in the course of construction in the suburban districts throughout 4—The House, Showing the Roof of Reinforced Concrete. The Kitchen Extension and the Servants’ Porch that the hollow spaces keep out all possible dampness and also form good ducts for the running of ventilating flues, pipes, and electric wires. Moreover, the blocks tend to prevent sudden change of temperature within the house, mak- ing it cool in summer and more easily to be heated in winter. Hol- low blocks are easily laid, for they require a small number of joints and little mortar. ‘There is, of course, some ob- jection to the uneven breaks in the blocks about the windows and doors and at the corners are Excellent Features of the House 5—Plan of the First Floor, Showing the Hall and Living-Room Extending Through the Depth of the House and the Dining-Room and Other Dependencies Utility as the keynote for artistic values is shown in the simple lines and proportions in concrete houses, which may be enhanced in beauty by attractive doorways and leaded windows, as shown in Fig. 1, or by ornamental balustrades and pergolas, as _pre- sented in Figs. 15 and 16. Concrete, under certain conditions, can be admirably orna- mented to meet the re- quirements of an es- thetic taste. One of the most in- teresting and important houses built in the form of solid reinforced August, 1906 6—The Construction of the Columns to the Piazza concrete construction is “Grasslands” (Figs. 2 and 4), and erected for Alexander Smith Cochrane, E'sq., at East View, N. Y., of which Mr. Robert W. Gardner, of New York, is the architect. It is a most imposing house, and stands upon a site of a former dwelling of historic interest. Its silver-gray walls and roof blend well into the soft green of the magnificent trees with which the site abounds, and which form a very delightful setting for the house. The walls are built of solid concrete, resting on a stone foundation. The forms for the walls were made so that the walls could be built one story at a time, and were constructed of rough lumber. These forms were fastened together with iron rods with key nuts and washers, passing through the walls in the lines of uprights, serving to hold the boards in place and to prevent spreading as the concrete was deposited, rammed and spaded. The window and door frames were placed in position be- fore the walls were commenced. The forms were filled with concrete composed of one part of Portland cement, two parts of sand and four parts of cinders. As the walls progressed they were reinforced by one- quarter inch steel rods. Furring strips were embedded in the inside of the walls for the purpose of having something to nail the paneled work to after the walls were built. The beams, which are placed some ten feet apart, are also built of similar concrete, and are reinforced with three- quarter inch steel rods. Between these beams the forms were built on which the floor was laid. ‘This floor is reinforced with three-quarter inch steel rods, and is three and one-half inches in thickness; the reinforcement being placed in posi- tion before the floor is laid, and sufficient distance from the r LAI 4 * ME: 7, cE = 8—The Roof, its First Coat of Concrete and the Reinforcing Rods in Place Mie rie AN HOMES AND GARDENS 87 forms to secure a proper key. After the floor was set, the forms were removed and the floor made ready for use. This completed the first story. ‘The same methods were used in constructing the second story. The roof, three and one-half inches thick, was built on a form ina manner similar to the floor. Figs. 7 and 8 show the manner in which the roof was constructed, which is built similar to the roof of the house shown in Fig. 12. After the whole building was completed the walls and roof of the exterior were treated with a wash of La Farge cement, which gives it a soft tone of coloring, thereby overcoming the cold gray of the natural cement color. During the progress of the work, orders were given for the interior trim and woodwork, so that immediately after the exterior was completed, the interior walls of the hall, living and dining-rooms were covered with paneled work, which had been made in advance and in sections, and which were made to extend from the floor to the ceiling. ‘This paneled work and trim were treated with five coats of paint, with a finish coat in white enamel. The Colonial characteristics {patina ba\ iteantaal TT ill all ane fr 7—The Forms for the Roof, Showing the Reinforcement Rods in Position Ready for the Concrete dominate the treatment of the interior. The hall is a cen- tral one, and it contains an attractive, but simple staircase with white enameled treads, risers and balusters and a ma- hogany rail. It has a broad landing with a French window opening upon a balcony inclosed with an ornamental iron railing. Broad doorways with windows on either side at the front and rear give ample light and ventilation. To the left of the hall is the large living-room, which ex- tends through the entire depth of the house. The fireplace is built of concrete with soapstone linings and hearth. ‘The facings are of black and gold marble, and the mantel, of handsome design in the Colonial style, was one removed from the old house which was built upon the site before the Revolution. The ceiling is plastered, and the concrete beams are covered with wooden panel work. French windows open upon the piazza, the roof of which is supported on solid col- umns built of concrete, shown in the course of construction in Fig. 6. This piazza floor and terrace are laid with red brick. Near the front entrance the den is placed, and is con- veniently fitted up. The dining-room has also an open fire- place furnished the same as the one in the living-room. On 88 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS either side of the fireplace there are arches, in one of which there is built an attractive china closet provided with a glass door, and in the other a door leads into the butler’s pantry. The butler’s pantry is fitted complete with all the best sanitary appointments. ‘The rear hall has a staircase built of solid concrete. The kitchen is also fitted with the best sanitary improve- ments. [he old fireplace in the kitchen was retained from the old house, and the Daughters of the American Revolu- tion have erected a tablet over it to commemorate the fact that it was used to cook food for the soldiers during their stay in that vicinity at the time of the Revolutionary War. The second floor contains the owner’s suite of one bedroom and bath, and two guest rooms and bath. This floor is treated with white enameled trim, plastered walls covered with artis- August, 1906 been erected a concrete house, which is in many respects a pioneer in fireproof residence construction. With walls and partitions of hollow concrete blocks, floors and roof of rein- forced concrete, it was the first building of this character to be constructed in New York City. There have been a num- ber of reinforced concrete buildings erected in this city, and some in which concrete blocks are used as a facing, but this is believed to be the first in which hollow concrete blocks were used as supporting walls. The New York Building Code is very strict upon the subject of concrete blocks, be- lieving that there is such a chance to make poor blocks, or blocks without a sufficient quantity of cement, that it is wiser to condemn them all at the start than to permit them to be used in such a manner as to jeopardize the use of them for building purposes. 9—The Living-Room has White Enameled Paneled Walls, and a Fireplace Fitted with an Old Colonial Mantel Removed from the Eighteenth Century House Which Stood Upon the Site of the Present House tic wall papers and open fireplaces. “he bathrooms have tiled wainscotings and porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The wing over the kitchen extension contains two servants’ bedrooms and bath, with a rear hall and stairway to the first story. The cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms, cold storage, etc. Architecturally, the building is designed to meet living re- quirements, and its particular beauty rests in the simple, straightforward fulfilment of its purpose. Strong, sub- stantial construction, inexpensive with no hint of cheapness, and, above all, supreme usefulness, is the keynote of the whole. In the building of Mr. W. J. Steel’s house at New Dorp, Staten Island, N. Y., as shown in Figs. 12 and 14, there has The requirements which such blocks must meet are un- usually severe, and it was only after many satisfactory tests that the blocks were permitted in the present building. This building, of which we are able to show a number of views, was also erected after the plans of Mr. Robert W. Gardner, architect, of New York city. The blocks of which the walls are constructed were made on a Normandin machine; a small shed supplying the nec- essary shelter for the blocks until hardened enough to be piled in the yard, where they were kept wet for about ten days. While the blocks were hard enough to be laid in the wall in two weeks, it was possible to make enough in advance so that the majority were nearer a month old before moving them from the yard. Three sizes of blocks were used, 12- inch for the basement walls, 8-inch for the walls above the basement, and 6-inch for the interior partition walls. The 1 | | ! | | | sete August, 1906 AVE) CAN HOMES. AND GARDENS 89 blocks were made of Atlas Portland cement and coarse sand in the proportion of one of cement to four of sand, and although the building was unoccupied for several of the winter months no water or moisture has presented itself on the inside of the walls, whether ex- posed to the weather or be- low grade in contact with the soil. In order to take no chances, however, the owner has had the exposed walls treated above grade with a double wash, some- what similar to the Syl- vester process. [he ma- terials in the washes are en- tirely different, however, and the resulting action is said to be more waterproof and lasting, and does not discolor the stone in the least. In the preparation of the blocks high-class labor was not employed ; only the fore- 10—A Simple Staircase with Mahogany Rail Rises up to a Broad Landing from Which Windows man being a first-class ma- Open on to a Balcony Inclosed with an Ornamental Iron Railing son. This one man directed the making and seasoning of the blocks, and later, the laying of them in the walls. It was found that the cheaper laborers were just as efficient as higher paid men, for their principal work was in the carrying and distributing of the blocks, and the interest which they took in the new form of construction being productive of better results than would have been the case had the work been entrusted to men disposed to treat the blocks as a form of construction inferior to brick or stone masonry. The floors are supported by 3 x 10-inch concrete beams reinforced with “‘Kahn”’ bars, and over these is laid a concrete floor in one con- tinuous slab, having em- bedded in it nailing strips for the finished floor, which is of wood. Where parti- tions occur in the second story other than over first- story partitions, they are carried by reinforced con- crete girders, which show below the ceilings of the first story. Some of these are shown and are treated as a feature of the room, as shown in Figs. 9 and 17. The absolute fireproof qual- ities of the building are worthy of imitation. As a matter of fact, why should not every dwelling be fire- proof? In the basement of a residence, for instance, a fire burns for about. six months of the year. Why should there be a_ large quantity of woodwork ex- posed to accidental flame from _ the furnace, or a spark from the ashes? The ordinary cellar some- times has a concrete floor, it 11——In the Dining-Room is a Fireplace with Black and Gold Facings and an Old Colonial Mantel is true, but the ceiling is The China-Closet Placed in One of the Arches is a Good Feature often of open wood con- of the Room. The Furniture is of Mahogany struction, with the exposed go AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 and cobwebbed beams al- most inviting a fire. The feeling of absolute security from fire which such a con- struction as this presents will appeal to those who have suffered from the over- heated furnace or defective flue. In cities where the building department is se- vere, and requires that ceil- ings of basements be furred and lathed with wire lath and plastered, there is not so much danger; but this oc- curs in only the larger cities. In the smaller places and in the country, where fire pro- tection is least, no require- ments whatever are made, and no precautions taken to prevent a fire in the worst possible place in the whole house. | 2—House of Mr. W. J. Steel, at New Dorp, Staten Island, is Constructed with Hollow Block Walls and Reinforced Concrete Roof and Floors DIN ING Roork SE X17 XN \Oen or WEXI2-6 K Ssevanrt SECON P JLOO2 |3—The Plans Present an Arrangement of Rooms Equal to Those of Frame Construction yee tat Ch nie ile The fact that theresa nothing to burn about the building might also lessen the insurance, and in some cases it might be disre- garded entirely; but no cau- tious owner would neglect taking out insurance on at least the contents of the house, which are just as combustible as in other houses. The proximity of other houses would deter- mine whether there was danger from external fire entering the doors or win- dows, but this is a circum- stance which rarely occurs except in densely built-up sections. It has been said that the interior partitions are of six- inch blocks, which makes an extremely strong partition. 14—Skilled Labor is Not Required to Make the Hollow Concrete Block of Which the House is Built Sufficient strength would August, 1906 have been obtained with a four-inch block, but this is too small to be cast hol- low, and the actual material would be about the same for both the four-inch and_ six-inch block, and the thicker block gives a more satisfactory jamb for the doors and trim. The faces of these partitions, as well as the walls and ceilings, are in the main plastered with pulp plaster, which has the advantage of giving a soft and pleasing effect. Moreover, it can be tinted or adapted to various applied dec- orations. Some of the walls are, how- ever, covered with burlap tacked to one-half inch strips put in after the walls and partitions were completed. The house stands by itself on a large corner lot, the two principal sides being flanked by a terrace, the wall of which is built of blocks a little wider than the rest, and having plain edges. The front entrance as seen in Fig. 16 is cov- ered with a hood built entirely of concrete, the brackets and roof being reinforced with plain round rods. On one side of the house is a veranda, the columns of which are built of large blocks and carrying a balustrade of interlaced blocks. 16—The Hood Over the Entrance-Way, and the Columns to the Porch are Made of Reinforced Concrete 15—Leaded Glass Windows and a Pergola Lend Character to the Building Monat ecAN VHOMES AND GARDENS gI This construction is better shown in Fig. 16. On the same side of the house and a little toward the rear is a pergola, the which square, with girders of reinforced columns of are built up con- raft- poles bark crete carrying ers of small left with the on. , With these covered with twin- ing grape-vines the place will be one of beauty as well as usefulness. This pergola is shown in more detail in Fig. 15. The> roof is” of somewhat novel construction, the fireproofing system being also carried out here. The raft- ers are reinforced with ‘Kahn’ bars, and over these is laid a slab of con- crete reinforced with plain round rods placed both vertically and horizontally on the roof surface. The top is of a richer composition, and although it has been through a number of both summer and winter storms, no sign of a leak has appeared. ‘The slab forming the roof extends down to form a cornice, thus com- pleting the frame without a single piece of wood. ‘The gutters are formed in the roof by embedding a wire mesh bent to the proper angle and the concrete troweled around %, y = Nite ¢ 17—The Rear Outside Steps are Cast in One Form 92 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 y gs sleepers embedded in the Y Jee concrete, The walls of the living- room (Fig. 18) are covered with crimson burlap which harmonizes well with the creamish tint of the ceiling Nei ae and the soft gray of the ae mantel and staircase which form the characteristics of this room. The fireplace, and_ its mantel-shelf supported on corbeled brackets, is built of solid concrete. The stair- case (Fig. 20) is also con- structed of concrete. The ceiling shown in the photo- graphs shows the beams; the spaces between show the span of the under side of the floor. The only wood used in the house is the upper floor laid on top of the concrete, the door and window-jambs and the doors. A nook at $ GEE pe Seat Fil ay one side of the living- ambit eee sane as room provides access to the 18—The Mantel and Shelf Supported on Corbeled Brackets is Built of Concrete. The Walls are Covered plazza. < : with Cnmson Burlap. View Shows Reinforced Beams in Ceiling Which Carries the Floor Above The dining-room is an at- tractive room, with its walls and through this. The services of the tinner were required covered with green burlap, its cluster of windows at one side only forthe running of the roof leaders. The roof surface and its concrete fireplace and mantel, which is similar to the is troweled smooth. one in the living-room. The steps to the rear entrance are cast in one piece, a few The butler’s pantry is fitted with drawers, dressers and rods being sufhcient reinforcement for the purpose. This cupboards and all the best appointments. The rear stairs flight is shown in Fig. 17. There is the present ob- jection, more or less just, from the architects, that the sizes of blocks considered commercially economical do not lend themselves easily to design. We have here one example of what can be done with blocks, and the contractor has carried out the architect’s design. There is little doubt but the block manufacturers will give the architect what he wants as soon as the architect com- prehends the material. It will take united effort to bring the results, but they will surely come. The walk and the ap- proach to the house is con- structed of concrete as well as the steps and the hood over them. ‘The entrance is into a lobby, at the side of which a door opens into a large living-room. The floors are built on forms, the same as in Fig. 9, on top of which the floors are of yellow pine nailed to 19—The Dining-Room has Wall Covered with Green Burlap, and a Fireplace and Mantel of Concrete ~ August, 1906 are constructed of con- crete. The kitchen and laundry are fitted with all the modern fixtures. The second floor con- tains an open hall, three bedrooms and a bathroom, besides a servant’s bed- room. The bathroom is furnished with~ porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The walls are plastered and are tinted in colors with artistic effect. The cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and a cold storage. The house of Mr. Bas- sett Jones at Bryn Mawr Park, N. Y., as shown in Figs. 21 and 22 and built after the plans prepared by Mr. Sullivan W. Jones, of New York City, is one of the most interesting houses of its class. It is constructed simi- larly to the house shown in Fig. 2, except that it is planned after the bunga- low type, with all the rooms placed on one floor; one square house, with wings extending at an angle from it in either direction. This house has wooden floors and _ roof. tions and the terrace walls are built of rock-faced stone. The AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 20—The Stairs and Hand-Rail are Built of Reinforced Concrete ‘Treated with a Cement Tint The founda- > 93 main walls were con- structed in one form from its foundation to its roof. The composition of the wall material is somewhat different the already described, from one and, that is, it is composed of one part of Portland ce- ment and seven parts of cinders, the various in- gredients of the cinders forming a very compact mass with the After the forms were re- moved the exterior walls were given a coat of rough cast, composed of one part “Giant”? Portland cement. and two and one-half parts of sand, the whole stippled with a whisk-broom to give it an uneven surface. The timbers used in the forms were reused in the con- struction of the roof and the interior, thereby materially reducing the cost. The roof, which is of frame construction, is cov- with shingles and stained a moss green, har- monizing well with the cement. ered soft gray of the cement color of the walls. The columns to the piazza, which form the chief characteristic of the exterior, are constructed of solid concrete. The building as already 21—The House of Mr. Bassett Jones at Bryn Mawr Park, New York, has Reinforced Concrete Walls Finished with a Pebble Dash, and a Shingled Roof Stained a Moss Green with Good Effect 94 J ae. BEAS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 22—An Annexed Extension Isolates the Servants’ Quarters from the Main Living Quarters mentioned, 1s planned in the bung- alow form; one large living-room, forming the main part of the house, is placed in the center, while two wings, one containing the owner’s _ sleeping- room and bathroom is thrown out at one corner of the living- room, while a sim- ilar wing contain- ing the kitchen and its dependencies is placed at the op- posite corner of the building. The living-room, which is used for both living and din- ing uses, occupies the main part of the house, and is entered from the porch. This living-room (Fig. 24) is treated with a simple trim of cypress stained and waxed in a soft brown. At one end of the room, which is used for liv- ing purposes, there is built a large open fireplace, con- structed of rock-faced field stone laid up in a rough manner and finished with a neat wooden shelf. At this corner of the room there are comfortable chairs and tables, and a _ bookcase within easy reach, while at the other end there is the dining-table, which is pulled out into the room when oc- casion requires, and is then placed against the wall when not in use. ‘The trim of the entire house is similar, and the floors throughout are laid of maple. LIVING JZOOM /4-0°% Z-470" 23—The Plan is in the Form of a Bungalow, and Presents a Large Living-Room from Which Wings Extend in Either Direction, One Containing the Kitchen and its Dependencies, and the Other Sleeping-Rooms and Bath 24—The Living-Room is Trimmed with Cypress, Stained and Waxed in a Soft Brown. is Built of Rock-Faced Stone “A HIRST STORY FLAN 4 August, 1906 - At the back of the living- room there is an archway, which forms an entrance to a corridor extending in either direction. Opposite this archway there is placed a group of windows which present an attractive feature immediately upon passing through the Dutch door at the front of the house. Ac- cess is obtained through this corridor, and also through the attractive little nook at one side of the room, with the kitchen and its depen- dencies, which occupy one of the wings of the house. This kitchen has a good cross ventilation, and is fitted with all the best modern conveniences. From the corri- dor access is also ob- tained of the wing to the left of the house, which con- tains the owner’s room and one guest room. The bath. room is conveniently placed for use by the occupants of either bedroom. A simple little staircase from the corridor rises to the second floor, which contains one servant’s bedroom and storage space. The cemented cel- lar c Ont aise vacuum steam heat- ing sys tem, fuel rooms and _ storage. The Fireplace anes i

) into a stone fence that surrounds the estate, we halt, for here it is that a close, unob- structed view is obtained of the entire place. The house, which faces the east, is reached by a circular drive from two entranceways. The road extends around the south end of the house to the garage and barn beyond. The house has an excellent broad piazza, extending across its front, and from which, on a clear day, a wide expanse of the sur- rounding country is visible. From the piazza at the south end a beautiful view down the valley of the Saugatuck River is to be had. As there were ample field stones upon the property, these were collected and laid with broad, white mortar joints, so as to form the first story wall of the dwelling. The building, above, is Se Ko 96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 a nn ee _ faa FS SIS OP ee LANE =D) as ‘ 2G as a A Field Stone Fence Incloses the Estate =e 3 $ LN) constructed of frame, with the exterior covered with of square posts and balusters, and is finished the same shingles, which are left in their natural state. The | as the trim. chimneys, which pierce the roof and break out of the The furnishings of the room are of the simple face of the exterior walls, are also built and capped “Craftsman” style, which harmonizes admirably with stone similar to the first story wall of the house. with the architectural scheme. The dining-room, Upon entering through the broad doorway the 4 eo Watt ey MOU CEL Ua: of three bedrooms and bath. An attractive porch is placed on the : . > c aeae uz. ; - Bes) © : south side of the building, and at the em ey, 7 Prey west end is provided a wood shed in which to store the huge logs burned in the fireplace on a cool, autumn night. Beyond this building is the garage, which is built to accommo- date two automobiles, is conveni- ently fitted up, and is designed in keeping with the house. The stable is also in harmony with the scheme of the estate, and it contains ample The Living-Room is Trimmed with Cypress, Stained and Finished a Dark Brown. A Stone accommodations for all the horses Fireplace and a Staircase are the Features of the Room and carriages required on a place of this character. Mr. Charles T. Beardsley, Jr., of Bridge- that in his Locomobile he can cover the sixteen miles that port, Conn., was the architect of the house and also of all separate his country house from his city house in fifty minutes the other buildings on the estate. as against the two hours and a half which would The owner of ‘“Oakknoll’’ has been an en- | be required if the trip were . ° AR - C] = thusiastic automobilist from the very of! made by rail. | | Wing Roorn 20 X23; |5 fest fLooe | “ SECOND Looe The Plans Show an Open and Convenient Arrangement of Rooms on Both the Lower and Upper Floors 98 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Helps to Home Building The Value of Architectural Study to the Layman HERE are but two aspects in which the study of architecture is of value to the layman. These are the pleasure he may take in it, and the utility his knowledge may be in any build- ing work he may have in mind. In the first hobby to ride does not exist in the whole world. It is a hobby that takes one into the furthest reaches of the past. It brings one before the mightiest of human creations. It touches on every form of art. It explains life, manners and customs. It emphasizes the great facts of history. It is a source of un- ending delight and of constant change, joy and pleasure. But the layman must be interested in architecture in a very real and complete manner if he would derive the best from its. study. He must be absorbed in it, saturated with it, engulfed with it. It must be to him what the collecting of stamps is to the small boy, or the gathering of paintings is to the adult man. His interest must not only be real, but must be complete. If his interests turn to architecture he will find that the more he studies it the greater will be his delight in it. Incidentally his acquaintance with all useful knowledge will broaden, for architecture touches on many things not architectural. No one can be argued into the study of architecture for its own sake. “There must be inherent love for it, inherent interest in it, capacity for architectural understanding and sheer delight in it. If none of these things come naturally to a man no argument will induce them, no plea lead to interest, no urging produce intelligent results. The architectural hobby is a rare one for the layman, for most men who are thoroughly interested in this art will assume it as a profession —and then instantly find that the professional point of view is something quite different from the hobbiest’s aspect. The layman, if he can, will find it best to keep entirely clear of the professional aspects of architecture. Only a trained architect is competent to design, and he often does it badly enough. One may develop an architectural idea, but that is something wholly different from developing it for practical execution. Inno art has the amateur less place than in archi- tecture, the amateur designer, that is, for the mistakes he will make, the errors he will create will surpass belief. To the layman architectural study must be a source of personal grati- fication, not something by which he may keep an architect out of a job. The architect is entitled to all the work he can get if he gets it honestly. ‘There are few enough jobs of any kind to be passed around, and quite too few, as every architect is aware, of the first quality. “(he amateur has no business to compete with the architect in any way. It is true enough he has done so in past times and sometimes with amazing results. But these are exceptional cases, that by no means entitle the modern amateur to intrude on the field pre-empted by the modern architect. Interest in architecture is something quite different from ability to design, and that in its turn, is distinct from ability to build. Both designing and building require practical ex- perience, long study and much ability directed towards def- nite ends. Mere interest in the art will not reach these ends or even touch them. ‘The requirements of modern building are so complicated that only the man who knows can carry out any work to successful completion. One has but to try a very simple problem in practical designing to realize how true this is and how disheartening. instance it is a hobby, and a more agreeable - August, 1906 Of what, then, is the value of architectural study to the layman? ‘The retort is obvious: of what use is anything unless it be practical or unless it give pleasure? The study of architecture, however, is almost an essential to the well bal- — anced and cultured man. It greatly enhances the value of European travel, to cite the most apparent instance. Europe is filled from end to end, with buildings of the vastest inter- est. Year after year hordes of thoughtless travelers pour through the spacious halls of European palaces or walk be- neath the vaults of great churches, with mouth agape and wearied eyes, wondering what it is all about. Wasted effort, no doubt, and rightly wasted, if one has no knowledge of architecture and no appreciation of it. A more foolish pro- ceeding than the inspection of the great monuments of Euro- pean architecture without any appreciation of what they may mean can not be imagined. Yet it is done every year, and thousands of times every year, and will doubtless be done so long as any stone of these wonders remains erected upon another. The study of architecture will remedy this absurdity and give fresh zest to European travel. And it will accomplish this end in more than an architectural manner. The objects of architectural interest in Europe have an historical point of view as well as an artistic one. “These great buildings are expressions of national life. They depict and illustrate in the most striking manner the manners and customs of the times in which they were built. More important than this they were the scenes of many great historical events, the mere mention of which sends a thrill through the cultured man and which give a vitality and reality to these structures quite apart from any considerations of architecture. Think for a mo- ment if you can, how the history of the later French mon- archy is written into the buildings at Versailles; of how the enthusiasm of the middle ages was expressed in the erection of the cathedral of Chartres; of how many stupendous events the superb front of Notre Dame at Paris has looked down upon, or of how the history of the world was affected by the building of St. Peter’s at Rome. The Doge’s palace at Venice, the cathedrals of Florence, Pisa, Siena and Orvieto are nobler monuments to civic life than any single shaft or painting. These buildings are not dead inert structures, but living organisms, dowered with many human passions. One cannot realize their meaning as one should without a knowl- edge of their architectural characteristics. In a more practical way every layman about to build or concerned with building in any way, should be familiar with the chief performances of the architectural art. He should, at least, have an intelligent appreciation of architectural styles. He need not know how to design—in fact he should not do so—but he should be able to discuss his building in- telligently with his architect, and know, when the latter throws a round arch, whether it be Norman or Roman. In other words, to have dealings with architects requires a knowledge of their business. It is the esthetic side that ap- peals to most laymen, and a knowledge of architectural es- thetics is, in most cases, sufficient for all practical purposes. There is less of interest in the scientific side of building; | questions of sanitation and of hygiene, while of abounding importance, are not inspiring to the average mind. But ar- chitectural esthetics are of transcending interest and import- ance and have, in addition, a practical utility that will often be most hopeful. —_ eee 1906 August, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Training the Cavalry of the United States By Benjamin Winslow Ryg ONTRARY to popular belief the United Mm States regular army is an organization of hard-working men. Although the term ‘“‘sol- diering’”’ has come to mean the act of loaf- ing, real soldiering has an entirely different meaning for the real soldier. Army routine, with its rigid disciplinary rules, does not afford the soldier much chance to “‘soldier.’’ Especially is this true of the cavalry branch of the army, which might be called an organ- ization of the hardest working hard-worked men. Still the American cavalryman has his recreation and his sport. In his sport, which consists principally of feats of horsemanship, he has no equal on earth. At each cavalry post frequent exhibitions are given which show, by the daring feats performed by the cavalrymen, the As the Two Horses Take the Hurdle the Trooper Leaps from the Ground Over the Back of One Horse and Upon the Back of the Other result of the careful training given the men and their horses. The training begins with the horses. ‘To become a cavalry horse the animal must be a male, sound, kind, of good con- formation, not too large, without vicious traits and not a thoroughbred. This last requirement is important, for it has been found that a thoroughbred is too sensitive and not quick to learn his duties. The horses are purchased through a board of expert officers, and come principally from Ken- tucky or Tennessee stock. Usually they are sent to a depot maintained by the government and thence to a cavalry post. They are sometimes transported directly from the place where they are purchased to the nearest post. At the post his train- ing begins in a fenced ring, called the “schute.’’ Here he is taught the three cavalry gaits—walk, trot and gallop. The teaching of these is often quite difficult, for the animal usually The Three Men Seated on their Respective Horses are Safe Enough, But the Man Carried on the Shoulders of His Two Standing Comrades is Dependent Upon Them for His Security 100 has a variety of gaits and a set purpose to use all but the one most wanted. But as the horse is the most intelligent of animals, he soon learns that the soldier is his master. After learning the gaits, he is next taught to jump, and finally to The rest of his training comes with lie down at a command. At a Command from His Rider the Well-Trained Cavalry Horse Will Drop to the Ground and Remain there Until Told to Rise that given his rider, not the least dificult part of his work. The first thing in which the recruit is instructed is the use of all equipment issued to him. He learns to care for it, and then to attach it to his horse, or his person, as the case may be. Before he is placed on a horse he is taught the various parts of the saddle, bridle and halter and given oral lessons in horsemanship. He has to recite what he is told, and further training does not begin until he is letcer perfect. Then he is placed on a horse and taught the seat. There are two methods of finishing the trooper’s education, both of which have advantages. One requires the new man to go through a series of practical lessons in horse- manship before he is permitted to drill with the troop. By the other method he is mounted on an old horse and put in the troop drill, where he gets the benefit of working alongside old troopers. The recruit’s instruction in practical horsemanship begins when he is placed in the saddle and given detailed school- ing in the proper manner of “‘sitting his mount.’”’ In this training will be found the secret of American army horsemanship. He must sit erect, with the weight of his body resting on his hips, trunk bent slightly forward, legs hanging naturally, with the ball of the foot resting in the stirrups, the sole of the shoe on a line parallel with the body of the horse. ‘The reins must be held in the left hand, the right rein passing between the third and fourth fingers, the left rein between the fourth finger and the palm, and the end of the reins passing out of the hand between the thumb and _fore- finger, falling to the front. ‘The hand, with the forearm horizontal, thumb uppermost, must be held in front of and six inches from the center of the body. ‘The right hand, which is never used in the management of the horse except in extreme cases, is supposed to hang naturally at the side, except when carrying the saber or some other AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS August, 1906 part of the equipment. The muscles of the recruit soon be- come hardened to the uses to which they are put in holding this seat, and even the unusual efforts of a fractious animal will fail to unseat him. The ability to hold his seat by means of the legs only is of great advantage to the trooper, as it gives him free use of almost every other muscle in his body. The recruits are taught to guide the horse by press- ure of the leg, or the rein on the side of the neck, and to use a light but firm hand under all circumstances. A steady pressure of the knees and a light touch on the reins send the horse for- ward; a slight tug at the reins brings him backward; too hard a pull will put him on his haunches; by carry- ing the hand to the right and permitting the left rein to touch the left side of the neck the horse turns to the right; a similar movement to the left turns the horse to the left; by carrying the hand to the right and touching the horse lightly on the flank with the left spur the horse will “passage,’’ or side step, to the right; a similar operation in the opopsite direction will send the horse to the left. When the recruit has learned to sit and manage his mount, the saddle is removed and he is made to perform a variety of fancy evolutions on the animal’s bare back. He learns to ride at all gaits and over hurdles, first with one horse, then with two, and finally with three and four, leaping to the horse’s back as the animal takes a hurdle and leaping from the ground to a standing posture on the mount. With One Trooper Sitting on the Shoulders of Another, Hurdle After Hurdle is Taken Without Mishap The recruit is next taught to pick up objects from the ground while riding at a lively gallop. His instruction be- gins with a hat, then a glove, a saber and finally a comrade, although in the last named feat the speed of the horse is con- siderably lessened. ‘The lessons require him to jump clear “August, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS [01 4 BUR EE ety 2 eA Uae ae Over the Hurdle in the Roman Style 102 over the horse and onto the back of another trotting beside his own, landing first in the natural seat, then facing the rear, and then standing. After he has acquired these tricks he is permitted to do what else he can, and he is encouraged by the officers to learn new tricks. These things are permitted and encouraged by the officers because they give the man con- fidence in his ability to manage his horse, and help him there- fore to become a good soldier. Some of the exhibitions given frequently at cavalry posts outshine even the best efforts of a carefully trained circus rider. But while the ‘“‘rookie,’’ as the recruit is called, is learning these fancy tricks, he is also being drilled in other branches equally as important, but, to him, the most onerous and use- less task he has to perform. ‘These are, to groom, “‘police”’ and drill. The first sergeant and even the officers give him in- structions in grooming, and the wise recruit will make special effort to master the details, for he is held responsible for the proper care of his mount, and should he be remiss he will be reminded of his responsibility in a fashion not too gentle. “Policing,” which in the army means to clean, is another irksome lesson the recruit has to learn, and he must learn to The Trooper Stands Erect on His Horse and Takes the Hurdle do it well, for there is no excuse for bad “‘policing.” This “policing” is not limited to the stable, but extends to the kitchen and dormitories, and in fact the entire quarters. It has been said that if there had been two regiments of cavalry at Manila in February, 1899, properly mounted and equipped, the insurrection could have been put down within a month. ‘This statement was probably based on the fact that the cavalry branch of the military service were, at the time the war with Spain commenced, all well seasoned sol- diers. ‘They had spent the better part of their lives in the West, fighting much of the time, enduring hardships almost all of the time. The ten regiments of cavalry, split up into small units and scattered over thousands of square miles of territory, were used to restrain any disposition that might be manifested by the red man to leave the happy home a paternal government had provided for him and take up the bellicose habits of his fathers. ‘his service was not attrac- tive. ‘To spend days and nights at lonely posts in Arizona or New Mexico, enduring the blasting heat of an almost tropical clime, or to be compelled to do duty in Montana, Wyoming or the Dakotas, where the temperature frequently registered forty and fifty degrees below zero during the long winters, was not calculated to attract any but the hardest of men, who AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 The Horse Assumed this Position at Command Posing for the Camera. were imbued with a genuine love for the service. They were not pretty to look upon; they were nothing but tanned bone and sinew, but they could spend twenty-four hours in the saddle, if need be, without rest or food. They could remain in the field for weeks at a time and subsist on almost nothing, and they could endure anything human beings could endure still retaining their vigor under all circumstances. This is a Modification of the Three-Horse Six Men and Three Horses. Pyramid. The Success of the Feat Depends Upon the Horses’ Rising Together at the Hurdle REE 1906 August, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LO Ww American Reforestation By J. Chandler-French O AMONG your trees, and see where the branches have been severed; plunge your knife into the wounded parts and you will have a revelation that will make you sick at heart. Turn back to your botany and read of the wonderful cell structure, and see how the tree butcher has left it all exposed until you can find holes in some trees big enough for your head. It will prove a painful task and an instructive one, for it will tell you of the tree’s heart failure as nothing else will. The trees through the Middle West are receiving a new lease of life through skilled surgical operations and other scientific care. In Western Pennsylvania in the rear lawn of a handsome home there stands a gigantic white oak that was recently the patient of the tree doctor. A huge black snake had climbed roo feet to its summit and made its snug home nine feet down in the topmost branch. The wood began to decay. Grad- ually the trunk rotted a little further and yet fur- ther, until the entire tree was suffering from the ef- fect. The dead wood was carefully drilled out until the wood cells gave no sign of decay, the cavity thus made being filled with Port- land cement, at once a pre- serving and antiseptic com- position. The natural condition of all things living is health. When there is disease and death there must be a cause. Life and death are antago- nistic forces and cannot long exist side by side. The work fast extending through the country to the relief of suf- fering trees is surgery, pure and simple. The decay is removed and life is pre- served. The natural condi- tion of forest trees is health. The roots are covered with earth, over the top of which covering the leaves rest lightly, admitting the rain, holding the moisture, at the same time not excluding air. Trees that decay at the time of their lives when they should be flourishing are usually those upon private property where the property owner insists upon both trees and sod. ‘The close lawn sod keeps out air and does not retain moisture. There is but one remedy for trees suffering for moisture. Dig out the sod two inches deep with an area of four feet, and in this space lay a stratum of coarse gravel. Gravel provides the best substitute for the leaves that are so beneficial to forest trees. During the months of July and August trees require a great deal of water and nature’s supply is not sufficient for these months where the tree has not the advantage of the moisture of forest soil. . There are thousands of trees upon The Result of an Abundance of Water private lawns and in public groves dying of thirst and the passer-by can see no cause of the dwarfed, wilted condition. The tree with an ample supply of water will grow symmet- rically, and be subject to few diseases. Not a great distance from the white oak is a great elm, split for several feet. When the splitting began the usual tree man was summoned. he placed a heavy iron chain around the body of the tree. This answered, to all appearances, for a few years, but the time was not far distant when the powerful laws of nature asserted themselves, and the great and wonderful growth, since it could not burst its iron fetters, was retarded, and the entire trunk became diseased. So strong are nature’s laws that sometimes their power even bursts such chains and bands. The chain in this in- stance was removed just in time to preserve the life of the tree. The tree doctor made use of the lag-hook, driving it gently at triangles into the upper branches to stay them against the wind. Below, in the body of the tree, where the main split occurred, the decayed wood was removed, an iron brace the exact size and shape of the cavity inserted, and the cavity itself filled with Port- land cement. A drain pipe inserted in the tree both be- low and above the filling not only served to carry off all moisture but to hold the tree firm during its process of healing. The bark event- ually heals over the cement and the tree lives its cen- turies. This is expert sur- gery of a high order. Twenty-five per cent. of maples and elms split, and the result of splitting is de- cay. It is often necessary to drill out the decayed wood until the tree is nothing but the merest shell. Even such a cavity may be successfully filled and the tree preserved for a hundred additional years. If apple trees are not prospering and bearing fruit at the age of two hundred years it is because of stupidity. They are ignorantly pruned and their wounds left frequently un- covered, exposed to the elements and destructive insects. It is because of such carelessness that our markets are being overstocked with such imperfect fruit. There is really little excuse for such conditions when a little time given to the study of trees would place one in a position to administer to their needs comprehensively, and produce satisfactory results. One may not take up the profession of tree surgery without the possession of very broad culture in _horti- culture, landscaping and floriculture. The first all requisites is the love for all life. Trees must be studied as individuals must be studied; considered in truth According to accepted methods of 104 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS as human beings, the tree doctor feeling impelled as any physician to relieve the suffering of his patients. “he work must begin with the study of soil. Long years of farming will teach this as nothing else can. If the disease and decay Dying of Thirst of a tree can not be traced to conditions of soil, the next thing to be determined would be if the patient had plenty of water. ‘Irees must be supplied with an abundance of mois- ture or they grow into deformities and die unnatural deaths. Where the trail of the tree butcher is found it is not so dif- ficult to determine causes, and for these there is but one help, intelligent care of our trees. Portland Cement is at Once a Preserving and Antiseptic Composition August, 1906 Trees all over the country that have received the care of this scientific tree surgery attest the enormity of the work and the fact that the American people are no longer sluggish, but have awakened to the necessity of the great need for reforestration. No people on this earth are blessed with such a wonderful territory, range of climate, variety of soil and general adapta- tion to fruit growing as those of North America. Still we are confronted with the appalling fact that unless something is done to arrest the diseases and check the ravages of untold billions of insect pests that prey upon our apple trees, inside of ten years it will be next to impossible to grow even defec- tive apples. For the last twenty years there has been a gradual decrease in the quality of this most desirable and staple fruit. Similar difficulties are being encountered in attempts to grow the peach, pear, and other fruit, and shade A Shell Filled with Cement to Preserve Life trees are going to pieces. The whole country is getting alarmed over the disasters that await us from the destruction of our fruit crops, and at last some sections of the country nave been able to lay the ax at the root of the trouble. The ghastly wounds of the glorious tree friends of man have begun to cry aloud their sufferings in no uncertain way, and the day for theis relief is at hand—nay, it has already begun. Trees by the roadside and in our groves are many of them defective without our knowledge. | Not more than ten per cent. of them are in a perfectly sound condition. And more deplorable still is the fact that more frequently than otherwise people are ignorant of their condition and the causes thereof. America leads the world in commercial enterprise, education and industry. Our forbears cried aloud, as they pushed through the wilderness, west, ‘“Trees! trees! trees! nothing but trees! Cut them down—burn them, anything to get rid of them.” Of course it was necessary in the beginning to hew down the wilderness to procure land for agriculture and timber for building, but when the butchery continued in wholesale destruction through the years without ceasing it is scarcely a surprise that the day has arrived when we are called upon to pay the penalty of our ancestors’ thoughtlessness, and when I say ‘‘thoughtlessness” August, 1906 I speak charitably. The early land clearer destroyed; the next genera- tion also destroyed, so that it was soon necessary to plant seedlings in order to furnish the highways with shade. To-day it is difficult to find, in some sections of the country, even a sufhcient number of seedlings. Hence the necessity of nurseries. I watched a tree surgeon and his men at work in Ohio upon a beautiful maple which had been subjected to decay by having the central branch, or “‘leader,’’ cut out. The force of the wind had rent the tree asunder, and the en- tire trunk was in the far stages of decay. The excavations had been made, and it was interesting to watch the process of filling with the cement. Nature is kind in healing her wounds. Next season a new growth will start out from under the old bark and in time will unite over the cement, leaving no visible trace of the skilled surgery that has been practised. There are many trees in the Mid- dle West that have undergone scientific operations. ‘The virus has been removed until only the shell remained, an arched steel brace inserted inside the great cavity, and the The Country Home HE large country house built in a splendid style, fitted with every possible convenience, and furnished and maintained in keeping with the resources of its owner, leaves noth- ing wanting to the completeness of country life. These houses have all the conveniences a all the luxuries of the modern American hotel, which, among all the buildings in the world, is of a type calculated for such purposes and for nothing else. It is under such circumstances and because of them that the country house has become the center of American country life. [he country house that may be briefly described as good, need not be a large and costly edifice, although often it is such; but it must be roomy and convenient; it must have an ample water supply; it must be supplied with the most advanced sanitary appliances; it must be capable of being thoroughly warmed in the cool weather and thoroughly adapted to winter use; it may have such special apparatus and equipment as the needs of the owner or his means may demand; it must, in short. be complete in every respect. Outside the house, but commensurate with it in complete- ness, are many subsidiary buildings with which it is closely allied. There will be a table and carriage house; there may be a polo stable; it is possible there may be separate houses for the men help; a dog kennel may be added; an automobile garage; a hen house and chicken run; and a lodge for the porter at the main entrance. If the house be located on an extensive estate there will be a full line of farm buildings and a corresponding increase in the number and variety of the buildings. And the house of the owner is the center of the whole. It is because his house is so complete that he lives in the country ; fond of country life as he might be he could not tolerate it AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Splitting Means Decay 1O$ filling completed, when the great silent nature heal over ghastly wounds, beautiful growth to continue in health for centuries. “he work is spreading rapidly, and a school of horticulture and forces of enabling the landscaping, teaching the new methods and training men for the work, has been successfully started in the West. All this means new work, new impetus to tree life, and more and better Our people awakening more and more to the fact that the growing of trees is a difficult art, and that a tree once destroyed can not be replaced. The interest in reforestation proves that this is realized. The tree surgeon aims to help tree life exactly as the human surgeon aims to help human life. But he does more for trees than the ordi- nary arbiculturist, since he aims to preserve trees, rather than to grow them. This surely is noble work as well as useful. It means giving a new lease of life to trees and maintaining nature’s beauty wherever it has fallen into decay. The work already accom- plished in this direction is both helpful and encouraging. LEEES. are and the Country Life without a dwelling that satisfied his needs and his desires. It is the conveniences of his house that most appeal to him, al- though he may have instructed his architect to make it com- paratively splendid in appearance. He has learned, in most cases, of the value of a handsome house; but he appreciates more thoroughly the value of a convenient house, of a house thoroughly adapted to his own personal needs, reflecting his personal tastes and his own personal pleasures 1 in the country. The architects have in many instances risen to the solution of this question, and splendid country house after splendid country house, has risen within reachable distance of all our great cities. [he countryside near New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and other great cities is thronged with fine houses that owe their existence to the skill of the architect and of the household engineer quite as much as to the addiction of their owners to country life. The fondness for that life, and appreciation of it, may have long existed, but the architect with his modern house, built in a modern way and equipped with the resources of the modern house builder’s art, has made country life both real and practical. The country house is, in truth, a powerful instrument in the development of country life and the real center of country living. No one, doubtless, lives in the country for the sole pleasure of living in a great house; yet it is possible to have a much more complete dwelling, one provided with more conven- iences, one affording greater pleasure as a house, than any city residence, even of the utmost sumptuousness, can do. It is the general country joys that are drawing the people to the countryside, but the country house is being dev eloped in a way that ministers to the delights of country living i in a su- preme manner. It is helping on the satisfaction in country life as perhaps no other single cause is doing. And this is the real value of the country home to country life. 106 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 Summer Camps By Elizabeth L. Gebhard 9LL over this broad land the summer camp is gaining favor. Under the shadow of mighty rocks, in clearings in the heart of dense woods, by mountain streams and along the sea coasts summer camps and lodges have sprung up and multiplied rapidly in a few Men tired with the strain of business or professional years. life find real rest in these uriconventional dwelling places near to Nature’s heart. Boys and girls seem to return by an unseen step into their native element, while the busy housewife, if she can not leave all care at home, finds at least her burdens simplified in a wonderful degree. The com- plications of the life of the twentieth century are left far behind in camp, and in their place is a life which touches the freedom of the pio- neers without their burdens. Building and furnishing a camp has a charm all its own. “First build your chimney, and be sure it has a good draught; then build your house around it”’ is the dictum of a camp lover. Where it is possible, the stones of the vicinity are used in the construction of camp chimneys, and both without and within the great boulders give a sense of solidity to the otherwise light structures. The triangular keystone which bears the weight of the curved fire front is also the keystone of comfort in the house. When the wind blows and the storm rages the logs burning brightly in the fireplace give a sense of security and solid comfort. Fach separate camp has some point of originality in its construction or furnishing. A woman with an artistic sense has made a veritable bower of beauty of a camp on a New York lake. All winter she watches for prin ts) and sketches in magazines and periodicals, putting them in passe - partout frames, till she has, ample adornment for the rooms of her little cot- Diamond paned casement windows are shaded with Curtains of dotted mul 1; iron bedsteads painted white have tinted tage. Camp Lookout—The Adirondacks A Row of Log Camps coverlets, and rugs to match on the hard wood floors. Splint and rattan furniture of the simplest type adds to the fur- nishing, with an ample provision of rocking-chairs for the broad piazza, and one of the daintiest, yet simplest, of sum- mer camps is complete. A camp owned by a club differs from this entirely. Here every effort is made to omit all details, so entailing no extra care on each party occupying the house in turn. A generous fireplace in the living-room, a long hospitable dining-room table, a sideboard filled with blue dishes, chairs, and lockers for each family of the club, is the furnishing of the living-room, which is only the living-room in stormy weather, for the piazza and boats are the gathering places of the camp- ers on_ sunshiny days. The bedrooms here have sealed walls of narrow boarding un- adorned, and the white iron beds boast good hair mattresses and red blankets, suggestive of many a good night’s rest. 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MAN is not a man until he has lived out in the country, digged dirt with his hands and grown a flower, a fruit cr a vegetable; then and not till then can he know and understand wonderful, mysterious, mystical Nature. This men, ambitious of today, seems not to be satisfied with many cf Nature’s slow processes and must and will have his flowers, fruits or vegetables alittle more luxuriant, luscious or appetizing than any his neighbor can grow. The greenhouse is his natural ally. With the greenhouse he accomplishes his desires, but on account of the many different kinds of greenhouses, adapted each to its particular purpose (each designed to bring about certain desired results), one type might assist or defeat his purpose. This knowledge of the kind of greenhouse for the various phases of plant life is a science, exact- ing and inflexible. The building of greenhouses in strict accordance to its laws is our business. There’s an unmistakable perfection of plan, distinction and convincement in the way we do this green- house building not found in other houses. Write for New Booklet. eed CG mepN Gs. se COMPANY GREENHOUSE DESIGNERS & BUILDERS Manufatturers of Heating and Wentilating Apparatus ti70) BROAD: W: A Y NEW YO RK rie ce “ABC In Bee-Culture”’ The Great Bee-Keeper’s Guide is the book you should get first. Costs $1.20 postpaid or $1 with goods. This book tells all the ‘‘ins and outs” of the bee -business, reveals the secrets. It is full of pictures—s50 of them—tells how to construct home-made hives—in sho as makes bee-keeping simple to understand. After reading this get one of | Root’s Bee and Honey Outfits It consists of a full colony of honey-making bees, hives, gloves, veil, smoke ars bee-hat and full directions—for raising bees and getting surplus hone { “Gleanings In Bee Culture” 6 mos. 25e is the foremost authority on current happenings in * ‘beedon Comes every 15 days full of good things from every land. It tells how tose ie yur honey so you ‘Tl make mo ost orofit. Subse ription, a dollar a year. eye yu ¢ ony: want t try it to see how good it is, our special Beginners’ Offer is. - ‘6 mt ths for 29c. Write us—ask questions—we gladly answer them all. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, New York City, Chicago, Ill, St. Paul, Minn, Syracuse, N. Y. Medina, Ohio, Philadelphia, Pa. ‘Washington, D.C. Mechanic Falls, Maine. Wee "- Ne N Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to represent- ing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given cover- ing nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illus- trated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- tions and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details. One Dollar Each, Postpaid (SOLD SEPARATELY) MUNN & CO. Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARD EWS Nearly all plants will send up new ones, for which a really fine crop of flowers will be borne, next month, if this is done. You will find these rudimentary stalks near the base of each plant, as a general thing, waiting, ap- parently, for some encouragement to make something of themselves. If the plants are al- lowed to develop and perfect seed, these sec- ond-crop stalks will not be likely to amount to much, but as soon as the older stalks are cut away, and the process of seed-bearing is in- terfered with, they will at once spring into activity, and make very pleasing autumn- bloomers of the old plants. “These short stalks will be found excellent for cutting. For use in tall vases, the hollyhock is one of our best large flowers. Its stately habit and rich col- oring makes it extremely effective for room decoration, or for church use. The gladiolus is another very useful plant for decorative use. If its stalks are cut full length, when their first flowers begin to ex- pand, and the water in which they are placed is changed daily, nearly every bud in the spike will develop. Tea roses will not do their best this month, in the open ground, unless well mulched, if the weather is hot and dry. Grrass-clippings from the lawn should be spread among them, two or three inches deep. “These will break the force of the sun’s rays, and prevent too rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil. A little water used in connection with such a mulching, will do a great deal of good, but without the mulching, it would be of small benefit; cut back these plants well, and apply some good fertilizer, and thus bring them into condition to do effective work later in the sea- son when cool weather comes. “These roses are ideal fall bloomers. Look to the asters, from time to time, to make sure that their worst enemy, the black beetle, is not troubling them. If he is there, make use of the ivory soap infusion heretofore made mention of, and use it persistently, until the enemy is routed. It may be well to use some of it on the chrysanthemums, for this beetle is often found working on these plants. If you find that some of your plants look as if struck with rust, the proper thing to do is to cut away the affected portions at once, and burn it. For what we call “rust” is a fungus growth which, left to itself, will soon spread to other plants, and eventually work sad havoc in the garden. Hollyhocks are almost sure to be attacked by it. Asparagus is often ruined by it. Asters frequently suffer from it. The remedy is Bordeaux mixture, sprayed all over the plants. Use it promptly, and liberally. You can doubtless obtain this fungicide of lo- cal gardeners, or, if unable to do so, you can buy it of seedmen and florists, who have two preparations of it for sale—one a paste, the other a powder. These are prepared for use by being mixed with water, and will be found very satisfactory. Among our best full-flowering shrubs is hydrangea paniculata grandiflora. I place it near the head of the list for several reasons: It is as hardy as it is possible for a plant to be. It blooms with wonderful profusion. And it blooms late in the season when most other shrubs have gone into retirement. Indeed, it holds to its flowers until cold weather comes. They have lost their ivory whiteness by that time, and are a somewhat dingy pinkish green, but they are not unattractive then, by any means. I am always sorry when I see this plant grown singly, because it is only able to hint at what it can do, when: grown in that way. Group it—grow it in clumps of four, five, or a dozen—and you discover that it has decorative possibilities you never dreamed of before. It is excellent for backgrounds August, 1906 — J THE WHEELOCK RUST-PROOF is the only guaranteed Fencing GALVANIZED AFTER WEAVING The Wheelock Trellis, Flower-bed Guard, Lawn Fence, Lawn Guard, Tree Guard, etc,, are economical and beautiful. If your dealer has it not, send order to us. WRIGHT WIRE C*, 72 HAMMOND ST.. WORCESTER, MASS. Large Catalogue on Request Ye Take off your Hat to the MYEXs For whether you need-Hand or Power aff Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate tee ae Fixtures IYERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service ts the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and a bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, Ff. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, } Sawing and Boat Outfits. Com- bined with Dynamos Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene Send for Catalogue. State Power Needs CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO. BOX 69, STERLING, ILL. * 5 = — . z ag ae. <= = mad ag | ~t May positively be obtained without the aid of curling irons by the use of MRS. MASON’S Send stamp for interesting booklet Old English Hair Tonic on the preservation of the hair MRS. MASON, 36 WEST 34th STREET, NEW YORK CITY YUST PU BLES qa THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Boy By A. Russet, Bonp 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid Are OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscella- neous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & COMPANY Publishers of *'Scientific American”’ 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 12mo. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. Prison, House, and Stable Work, Joist Hangers, Lawn Furniture, Fencing, Eze. eer hy TAISLO END a CLEVELAND, OHIO. » Standing Seam SROOF IRONS Clinch right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs a SEND FOR CIRCULAR ] BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED | a ee ae 1906 August, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS SANITARY HEATING is impossible without an automatic heat regulator to maintain a uniform Almost any kind of a heating plant will maintain an EVEN TEMPERATURE in every room of your home with the MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR for many years the standard automatic heat regulator from Florida to temperature. Labrador. It saves coal bills and prevents every possible accident from sudden changes in the weather. So susceptible that a change of one degree will operate the dampers. 30 DAYS’ ELECTRIC HEAT REGULATOR Co. FREE TRIAL Wm. R. Sweatt, Secretary First Avenue and G Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Adjust Here IT’S AUTOMATIC New Band Rip Saw liz new machine offers marked advan- tages in safety, speed, convenience and efficiency. It takes 24 inches between saw and fence, and material up to 12 inches thick. The straining device for the upper wheel has forward, backward and side adjust- ment. No matter what the vibration, any slack in the blade is taken up instantly, thus bring- ing the general efficiency and economical run- ning of the machine to the maximum. Send for circular and catalog. J.A.FAY & EGAN CO. 209-229 W. Front St., Cincinnati, Ohio The World’s Standard for Woodworking Machinery SESE SESE STE OEE. FE} Neglect. Your Fire Insurance Rather Than Your Painting BESS TOOK. SxS DEESIDE SEEKER SIS Your house may never burn—fire insurance is merely a wise provision against a remote contingency. But with regard to paint, “‘it is a condition and not a theory that confronts us.” If we don't keep our property Well painted it will surely deteriorate, and this deterioration can never be made good. A house kept in condition with good paint is practically imperishable. ‘*Good paint” is paint based on pure linseed oil and OXIDE OF ZINC. A Suggestive Pamphlet, ‘‘ Paint: Why, How and When,”’ FREE to property owners THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO., 71 Broadway, New York We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application ISDE SDSS REE KK EKER DESDE SSDS SEEK ESSER FE | her nee and | Wizard Brand Pulverized ! Sheep Manure ‘} is the only perfect form of it. Mat ‘} do its duty and quickly renews « ~ arg Nam order. Booklet free. Wq THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO, ci 21 Exchange Ave., Union Stock Yards, Chicago = TUT eee ol [lll OXS if | - SESE EES FENCE “*? ENTRANCE *GATES - ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK TREE GUARDS,_LAWN= JEURNIG URE E1G- TENNIS COURT ENCLOS URES A SPECIALTY ent &,9 WARREN SI NEW YORK ARE YOUR CHILDREN HEALTHY ? Ae“ TRISH MAIL” fe av tna At your deal- ers, or direct at lowest factory f ~ prices. ~~ mem, speed hle im possi j (2 Hill-Starndard Mfg. Co. nd / PATENTED 81 Irish Mail Ave. Anderson, Ind. On Sb eee Belts H Esp W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choi f 1 papers as well as to describe the p i methods of applying them. In dealing wit matters concerning decoration there is ] the danger of leaning too much toy and of overlooking the practical l of commercial life. The author hopes tl has been successful in avoiding this fault, a that his book will be regarded as both practi and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 c@MUNN © CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK a ae a aaa 124 AMERIGCAN* HOMES A NID V@AgRID EINES August, 1906 when thus grown, and quite as desirable for use in front rows, as its lower branches will bend to the ground under the weight of their enormous heads of bloom. ‘To secure best re- sults from it, manure it heavily each season, and cut it back sharply. Do this early in the season. If you are going to put out some bulbs this season, send in your order for them as soon as you get the catalogue of the florist you are in the habit of patronizing. We make a serious mistake in waiting until October and Novem- ber before planting our hyacinths, and tulips, and narcissuses. “They should be got into the ground as early as possible, that they may form good, strong roots before the coming of cold weather. If they do this, they will give a fine crop of flowers next spring. Late-planted bulbs only half complete the development of roots by the time winter puts an end to their work. ‘This interrupted work they will have to go on with in spring, at the time when they are trying to develop flowers, and the result is generally weakened plants and inferior bloom. Along with your bulbs for outdoor use, order some for flowering in the window- garden in winter. “The best, for this purpose, are Holland hyacinths, preferably the single aa aaceann Camamant an SAN I AS Ap varieties—Roman_ hyacinths, tulips, of the early single sort, narcissus, and Bermuda lilies. All of these bulbs bloom finely in the 4hsip WASHABLE WALE COVERING house, if properly treated. What I consider proper treatment I will speak about next month. In ordering the Bermuda or harissii lily, be sure to get the large, heavy bulbs. E i : " pea Sanit They are surer to bloom than the smaller ones, very ‘American home owner shou now santas. and will give you finer flowers, and more of It is the most satisfactory wall hanging made. It is them. If I could have but one bulb for winter artistic, durable and absolutely cleanly. Its cloth founda- use, it should be this beautiful lily. tion gives it strength enough to stand the wear and tear A correspondent asks me if I would advise of everyday usage. Its surface is finished in oil paint her to repot her palm now. ‘That depends. and affords no lodging place for dust and germs. It can If it really needs repotting, the sooner it is be kept clean with soap and water. Its designs and colors done, the better. But if it is in a healthy, SP: De ete Aetna none growing condition, I would not consider that Re EIN hee c 8 it needed any change. I believe more palms any room of any home are lost by over-kindness than from neglect. : rf The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration supplies suggestions People are under the impression that they are for wall treatment and samples free Write Dept. P for circulars dificult plants to manage, and they coax and coddle them to death. My rule is this: If a palm is doing well, let it alone. I do not repot STANDARD TABLE OILCLOTH COMPANY my plants very often. I do not find it neces- sary to do so, because I use a good deal of 320 BROADWAY NEW YORK fertilizer on them, and in this way they get all the food they need. ‘They do not have to depend on fresh soil for it. I have a ‘“‘made- up” palm—of three plants—which I bought four years ago. It was put into a nine-inch pot when sent home, and it is in the same pot TWO BEST SSA IN THE WORLD. to-day. It is perfectly healthy—I do not think : it has lost a leaf—and it is constantly making new leaves. It is as fine a specimen as I have . : ever seen. When I potted it, some horn shav- X ings were mixed with the soil. These decay _NILES, QHIG. | very slowly, are rich in elements of plant- METAL LATH & a C s. growth, and constitute an ideal fertilizer for plants of this class. This plant, by the way, has always been kept in the hall, or the living- rooms, therefore green-house conditions are not responsible for its vigorous, healthy con- dition. If you are sure your palm requires a larger pot, turn it out of the old one without . disturbing its roots, set it in the new one, and ey OF EVERY \DESCRIPTION. fill in about it with fresh soil, making it firm eee SSS ee Hii & SEND FORCATA LOGUE by crowding it down with a blunt stick. Then water well, and let the plant take its time to begin growth. Never attempt to force mat- ters by giving strong fertilizers while the plant is standing still. Many a plant that would have begun to grow, after a little, if let alone, has been killed in that way. My palms, grown in living-room and hall, are always in jar- dinieres, but I make sure that their pots never stand in water by elevating them on bricks. Many a palm is killed by water about its roots. “Through Frisco s Furnaces. Vie: UTTYALE Bock of Views Showing High Buildings in San Francisco which had their Steel Work Preserved from Rust with Dixon's Silica-Graphite BAe joseoh vixen crucible cor Jercy city, U.S.A. August, 1906 ANCE RICAN HOMES, AND GARDENS 2 5 BURLINGTON anisicine BLINDS Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality Surest’ Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Wenetianbelind for Proved by actual use to be inside window and f= t& Most practical and satis- Hi) Siiding Blinds for factory blinds and screens on i insid E outdoor veranda. teinrariet inside use. Any wood; any finish : Hi} Requirenopockets to match trim. For vour own best interests | Any wood; any and your customers, send for i finish. Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW “a SND wy iM ll (I WW | i | HA III MM lI A Winey INN ull 1 ul = Tn ie Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle. Gears are ail nachine-cut from solia iron, Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue, J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. Insist on the SY-CLO Water Cl set—mad e of china phonic Action ends danger of ‘ Re ** Household Health” free. POTTERIES SELLING co. TRENTON, H. J, Just Published Tenth Edition Wi @OD-Ee RR Nae PLUMBING Srernons OF PLUMB STEAM AND ING AS CON- STRUCTED HOT WATER <1 te PRESENT H EAL f N G DATE 3# ae Soil and Waste Pipe Ventilation, Back Vent- ing, The House Trap, The Fresh Air Inlet and Their Advantages. Siphonage of Traps, The Cause and How to Remedy the Same. How to Test Soil and Waste Pipes. Probable Questions of Plumbing Examining Board, and Answers to Same. Hydraulics of Plumbing, with Original Illustrations. Practical Drawings and all Im- portant Features in the Construction of Modern Plumbing Work. STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING How to correctly figure on any size or shape of building with steam or hot water. How to find the heating capacity of any shape or make of boiler for steam or hot water heating. The most practical time-saving tables ever compiled and published. A new table of how to quickly find the correct measurement of 45-degree angles, a most useful thing in Steam and Hot Water construction. This has never before ap- peared in print. More practical illustrations than ever pub- lished in any one volume, which show the various systems of construction in the heating and ventilating of buildings by the steam or hot water systems, By JAMES J. LAWLER; Over three hundred diagrams and illustra- tions, showing the various systems of construc- tion in the heating and ventilating by steam or hot water systems. Six folding inserts showing Waste Pipe System of Plumbing, One-pipe Sys- tem of Both Steam and Hot Water Heating, Overhead System, Fan System of Heating and Ventilation, and Steam and Hot Water Circuits 400 Pages, Large Octavo Size, 10x7!/s inches. Bound in Extra Cloth. Price, Postpaid, $5.00. CMUNN ¢& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK i Established 1862 Successor to C.H. Lilly D. Dorendorf MANUFACTURER OP Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK F.MENT BOOK Invaluable to property owners, farmers, architects, builders, contractors, etc. How to use Portland Cement, 50c. ; Cement Sidewalk Construction, 50c.; Reinforced Concrete Construction, $2.50; Hollow Block Con- crete Construction, 50c. Sent postage paid. CHICAGO, ILL. EMENT and ENGINEERING NEW 126 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS August, 1906 Contented Servants A prime reason why good servants are not retained in many homes is the drudg- ery caused by run- ning stoves, grates eR eP eer and hot air furnaces and the endless work necessary to rid the rooms of their ash-dust and dirt. Servants prefer homes warmed by [\NERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS AMERICAN Radiators distribute the uniform warmth of Hot Water or Low Pressure Steam heating all through the house—day and night —but they cannot carry dust and ashes. With the aid of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators the home is far more easily cared for, and good servants retained. Besides, where relieved of such drudg- ery, good servants have more time to perform the better things in domestic science—rightly earn their pay. Where ‘‘mother prefers to do her own work”? they save her time one-half. The fuel economy, lessened wear on carpets, furniture and draperies, and freedom from repairs soon pay for the little larger first cost of the heating outfit —which thereafter becomes a dividend payer—everybody contented. Put in OLD or new buildings—any kind or size—city or country. Write today for free, valuable book- let ‘‘Heating Investments.’? Sales Branches and Warehouses throughout America and Europe. AMNERICANRADIATOR (OMPANY DEPT. 6. CHICAGO po os oto oboe aot a oslo oe ate to See te Be Sure of the Lens when buying your camera. The lens is the most important part of the outfit. Almost any kind of lens will make some kinds of pictures and under some conditions, but it takes a TESSAR Lens to make first class pictures under all kinds of conditions, Dark days, late or early hours, street scenes, landscapes, interiors, portraits, athletes, copies of the finest engravings are alike to TESSAR. How much more pleasure and profit can be had from a camera fitted with a TESSAR Lens, how much less wasted material and opportunities. Such standard cameras as Kodaks, Premos, Centuries, Hawkeyes, Graflex are now sold with Tessar Lenses. See that the dealer shows you a camera with a TESSAR Lens. Booklet ‘‘Aids to Artistic Aims” on request. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Rochester, N. Y. NEW YORK BOSTON WASHINGTON CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO THE LAWN.—II Grasses Adapted to Lawn Making By L. C. Corbett NLY such grasses as are capable of mak- QO ing a close turf are suitable for lawns. Most grasses which have creeping root- stocks, short joints, and produce long, narrow leaves in abundance about the crown of the plant adapt themselves well to lawn making. In addition to this, a desirable lawn grass pos- sesses a pleasing color, which does not change decidedly from season to season, is drought re- sistant, responds quickly to a change of condi- tions from winter to spring, and bears re- peated clippings with the lawn mower. It will be noted that the requirements of these grasses are exceedingly exacting, and it is not surprising to find the list of such grasses a comparatively short and meager one. In general, in those localities where ideal soil and climatic conditions are not present a mixture of grasses is better adapted to lawn making than a single variety. Under condi- tions where the soil and climate are congenial for the development of grasses a more beauti- ful lawn can be made by using a single species than by the use of a mixture. Kentucky bluegrass is undoubtedly the great lawn maker for all that section of the Atlantic coast region north of Washington, D. C., and for the Allegheny region as far south as northern Georgia. Bluegrass thrives best in a strong, comparatively retentive soil where there is an abundant but not an excess- ive amount of moisture. In localities where precipitation is greater and upon soils of a lighter character such grasses as redtop, Rhode Island bent-grass, creeping bent-grass and white clover are more to be relied upon for lawn making than bluegrass. Redtop, Rhode Island bent-grass and creeping bent-grass all have the same ability to make a compact and deep sward, as does bluegrass. In fact, under certain conditions redtop and the bent-grasses are able to make a softer, although not a more permanent, turf than does the bluegrass. Upon the light soils found in the States south of the latitude of Washington, D. C., white clover forms an important feature in lawn mixtures. Because of the varied conditions of shade and moisture existing upon a lawn as the re- sult of trees, shrubs, and architectural objects, mixtures and more desirable than pure grasses. The different degrees of shade and moisture in the soil resulting from the presence of trees, shrubs, and buildings produce a variety of con- ditions under which a single species would not give a uniform lawn. From the city of Washington southward, particularly upon the sandy soils of the At- lantic coast, plain Bermuda grass is the main dependence for lawn making. When the con- fines of Florida have been reached, however, the conditions are somewhat different, and the warmer climate and greater humidity admits the St. Augustine grass, which has a coarse and very upright leaf, although it has a creeping rootstock. This grass is of special value in Florida, as it remains in a green condition prac- tically throughout the whole year. Korean lawn grass is a maritime grass from Asia and Australia, which is proving of value along the sea coast from Charleston southward. It thrives well in the latitude of Washington, but the leaves are not hardy, and assume a light straw color in winter. It will, however, undoubtedly be a decided acquisi- tion for lawns near the seashore in latitudes south of Washington. Seashore lawns are each year becoming of more and more interest because of the great number of residences which are being estab- lished along the Atlantic coast from Maine southward. While there are a number of August, 1906 SVR CANT HOMES AND GARDENS 127 When you buy Eccentric Clamps specity Colt’s There is a difference ; let us tell you Ask for Catalog No. 132 oe The Flint Granite _. » Wooptawn Cemetery ’ Wooptawn Cemetery Company "New York Designers and Builders of the highest grade of Monumental Work in Granite, Marble and Bronze employing sculptors and designers of recognized ability. These illustrations are examples of their productions. BATAVIA CLAMP CO. 19 Center Street, BATAVIA, N.Y, Illustrated Catalogue mailed upon request. Ask for Catalogue IG Flint Granite Company 1133 Broadway, New York City Works: Albany, N.Y. Newport, Vt. Colonial Houses FOR MODERN HOMES A collection of designs of Houses \ (Georgian) details but arranged with1 forts and with the completeness of the century. Written and Illustrated dy E. S. CHILD, Architect They show large, correctly drawn perspectives full floor plans, and complete des« riptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are new, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff nor ynstrained rest Hitt Cemetery, i * Oaxwooo Cemetery CHATTANOOGA Troy. Made, not by an artist, but by an arcl Ihe combine beauty of exterior with compl ar convenient interiors, with Kitchens, Laundrie Pantries and Closets carefully and skilfully cx sidered. ; If you are at all interested in the subject Will enjoy this publication. PRICE, Postpaid, TWO DOLLARS MUNN &§& COMPANY 361 Broadway New York City ~ Greenwoop Cemetery z = =| _ Forest Home Cemetery New York git Mitwaukee ~ Oakwoop Cemetery Troy fate! CARPENTERS in these days of close competition ‘&, R iy : emington yy Every ; Need the Best Remington Possible Equipment Typewriter Lasts. and this they can have in Therefore Remington : ’ Supremacy BARNES Foot and Hand Power ) Lasts. Hand and Foot Power Circular Saw No. 4 Remington Typewriter Co. 5 * 327 Broadway, New York. Machinery TH E strongest, most powerful, and in every way the best machine of MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used oY Millions of Mothers for their children while Teething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays all pain, cures wind colic, and is the best remedy for diarrhoa. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. its kind ever made. For W.F.& JOHN BARNES CO. ripping, cross-cutting, bor- 567 Ruby Street ROCKFORD, ILL. | im 2"d grooving. AMERICA'N GEEOIMES AND "GARDENS August, 1906 Don’t cut away your timbers or depend on flimsy spiking oF We make Hangers adapted to all conditions Lane Brothers Company (The Door Hanger Manufacturers) 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. FOR YOUR VACATION READING Buy books that are exchangeable The Most Popular Novel (Brand new from the Publishers, in expensive binding) The Metropolitan Magazine 12 Months, and A Tabard Inn Library Membership for $2.10 Seiect any one of the twenty-three books below. The covers of some of them are reproduced in facsimile above. Fill inthe Order Form, and Mailit today. The reason we say ‘‘mail it today” is that the list is changed every month. If you delay in sending your order, you may not get the book you require and we should be obliged to return your money 1 The Long Arm . Samuel M. Gardenhire || 12 The Passenger from Calais Arthur Griffiths 2 The Dawn of a Tomorrow 13 Barbara Winslow—Rebel Elizabeth Ellis Frances Hodgson Burnett || 14 Pam Decides 2 Bettina von Hutten 3 The Wheel of Life ; Ellen Glasgow || 15 Cowardice Court Geo. Barr McCutcheon 4 The Truth About Tolna . Bertha Runkle | 16 The Patriots . Cyrus Townsend Brady 5 The House of a Thousand Candles 17 A Motor Car Divorce Louise Closser Hale Meredith Nicholson || 18 The Girl with the Blue Sailor 6 The Lake : : . George Moore || Burton E. Stevenson 7 The Great Refusal : Maxwell Grey || 19 The Angel of Pain . E. F. Benson 8 Carolina Lee ; : : Lilian Bell || 20 My Sword for Lafayette Max Pemberton 9 The Shadow of Life Anne Douglas Sedgwick || 21 A Maker of History : Oppenheim 10 The Lawbreakers . F Robert Grant || 22 Fenwick’s Career Mrs. Humphrey Ward 11 The Last Spike : : Cy Warman || 23 Coniston A : Winston Churchill Many of these books are among the most popular of the day. You can exchange the book at any Tabard Inn Library station. A.H.&G.6 FORM OF ORDER. ara/stole's iataiejofetsfelatsyalele\olatafereloveleterstetelelevelolalelstere/stelefete 1906 THE TABARD INN LIBRARY 1611 Chestnut St., Philadelphia DEAR SIRS :—I enclose herewith $2.10 for which you will enter my name for THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE for one year DEMiINTin & Withishery sy, acrsciseisiclse number, and send me by mail pre- | aid a new coy fthe followin geBook ccermeeticesleteciacteetierintear tte ; the Book to be ina Tabard Inn Case and to be exchangeable forever at any Tabard Inn Liorary in the United States, IV GILE Ier aera ciate istercia ie shore aicisie slaves ar oe Re dee ataeleetaae monte ene Fu AO aaHODODOUDODHOONCONC maritime forms of common grasses, besides bluegrass and red-top, none of these have been taken up by commercial seedsmen and _pro- duced in sufhcient quantities to be available for lawn making in these regions. Persons wishing to establish lawns under these circum- stances must, therefore, depend largely upon the same grasses that are used for the making of lawns farther from the coast—bluegrass, Rhode Island bent-grass, redtop and white clover. Under coast conditions it is advis- able to use mixtures containing a large num- ber of varieties. In this way those not suited wil be replaced by those best fitted for with- standing the conditions without re-establish- ing the lawn. ‘There are a few grasses which in themselves are well suited to lawn making, but which, because of their habits of growth, are not well adapted to use in lawn mixtures. Italian rye- grass 1s a notable example of this type of plant. It is in itself capable of making a fairly good lawn, but because of its more rampant growth and broad leat blades, which possess a shiny appearance, it does not blend well with other grasses on the lawn—such as redtop, bluegrass and white clover. It grows more rapidly than do those species, and always appears as an obtrusive companion upon the lawn. It is, therefore, not advised as an important or de- sirable feature in a lawn mixture. SEED. ‘Too great care can not be exercised in pro- curing seed for establishing a lawn. Pure seed, ot high germination, is of great importance in securing a good stand of grass. Pure seed is the keynote to a clean lawn, provided the work of preparing the land has been efficiently done. Thorough preparation involves not merely the mechanical treatment of the soil to reduce it to a proper seed bed, but the use of weed-free manure and the adoption of a course of treat- ment previous to preparing for the lawn which shall serve to eradicate weeds. Such prepara- tion, coupled with pure seed, should give a satisfactory stand of grass which shall need only the usual care necessary to maintain a lawn after it is once established. “Too much can not be said in favor of securing pure seed, and, if possible, specially selected seed. This is of considerable importance with light seeds like bluegrass, redtop and seeds of the bent- grasses. In the case of bluegrass, select seed weighs about twenty-two pounds to the bushel, while the ordinary grade of bluegrass, although it may be called pure, averages about twelve pounds to the bushel. Select or recleaned blue- grass is, therefore, the most economical to buy, although the original cost is considerably more than that of the common commercial article. The stand of grass resulting from the use of recleared, selected seed is much more uni- form than when seed containing a great num- ber of hulls and light seeds is employed. The same remarks hold with the bent-grasses, and even with white clover, although the market at the present time does not offer as much op- portunity for selection with this last-named seed as with the bluegrass. ‘The quantity of seed to be used upon a lawn is of decided importance. It is better to use an excessive amount of seed and allow natural selection to eliminate the weak specimens rather than to seed sparsely with the hope that the natural habits of the plants will be sufficient to enable them to take possession of the entire area. A thick stand of plants of the desired species gives little opportunity for the development of weeds, while a thin stand of the same species offers a place for the growth of weeds, which may become de- termined competitors for the possession of the ground, thus subjecting the gardener to the necessity of eliminating the weeds or of re- establishing the lawn. Heavy seeding of August, 1906 AMERICAN: HOMES AND GARDENS 129 YOU take an interest in your home; . YOU want to know how that home can be improved at little cost, how it can be made a better, happier, brighter, more artistic place to live in; YOU have a garden and you love flow- ers, and you wish to make that garden more attractive ; YOU have failed as a gardener and you want to know why; ina word, if your m home and its surroundings mean anything at all to you, DON’T YOU READ American Homes > and Gardens «¢ Every number contains articles that give you just the kind of informa- tion you need to better your sur- roundings; gives you hints that you can follow because they are suited to your purse. No magazine is ore handsomely printed, more beau- tifully illustrated, more clearly worded. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEND pact 1908 jle to be seen in che home of Gen. 2 [Federal Servet, Salem,-Mase The per i {ttood in che same place when, more ¢ “449, Ouneral Washingvon visited th AMERTCAN. HOMES AND GARDENS fe ater c * The “Chippendale” cases pillars or pantera cining at The Rose and Its Culture AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 2a Expo G@MERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS © The: GardenAltar” The Reyival of the Sun-Dial.in™the7American Garden \By Derends Nichole! AMERICAN HOMESXAND CARDENS (The“ Model” House} Some Succeuful Sell Houses Costing From $1,200 to $2,400) problem of building in houses, houses wi on aplace house so frequently seen, bas been well T) Denng- Roce = Dengred i= Momomenial Style. wth Puusters Sepperting the Cornice, The Wall are French Gro wth ‘Whe Maida. The Puluter are When, and the Cartaims Rich Yellow Wace Prien farms the Comal Meal ol the Weer Front. Open Porches or Capran are Placed ix tha Ends of Each W; Comarecien of s Pend for Likes ond Lene, Stow Sid Wik 5S 1A Baharede lee the Se o~ ae So =~ Fer » Purmanent Bed, Sobel Wale inelemes the Terrace. which Fills the Cratral Sone es of Seamer ~ ae Fac-simile Pages of American Homes and Gardens SOME OF THE ARTICLES WHICH WILL APPEAR DURING THE YEAR 1906 ARE THE FOLLOWING Old Time Wall Paper Inexpensive Country Homes (with plans) Interior Decoration How Curtains May Be Made at Home How to Make Pottery at Home How Furniture May Be Covered at Home How the Amateur May Decorate the Room with Home-made Stencils How to Preserve Wild Flowers aoe = Water Garden May Be Laid Out and ult How the House of a Bygone Day May Be Re- modeled and Converted into a Modern ome How To Do Copper and Brass Repousse Work How to Rehabilitate Worthless, Run-down Farms with $1000 or Less The Use of Statuary for Garden Decoration The Kitchen and How it Should Be Planned Historical Places in America The Entrance to a Country Place The House of the Colonial Period Sun Dials Modern Dahlias Gateways to Estates Nature Study and Its Effect on the Home Something Concerning Driveways My Garden Without Flowers A Seventeenth Century Homestead Wild Animals in Captivity How a Pennsylvania Farmhouse was Trans- formed Into a Beautiful Dwelling Electricity in the Home for Cooking, Ironing, Heating, etc. Life on an Olive Ranch A Neglected Opportunity—the House Roof Rapid Growth of Birds Life on Great Vineyards Besides there wili be descriptions—handsomely illustrated descriptions, accompanied by plans—of houses with and without gardens, houses of stone and wood, houses for the very rich man and for the man with moderate means. In every number will be found complete descriptions of actually built houses ranging in price from $2000 to $6000, together with photographs of exterior and interior and architects’ plans. EACH NUMBER HAS A COVER PRINTED IN COLORS 25 CENTS A COPY $3.00 A YEAR The Scientific American and American Homes and Gardens will be sent to one address for the reduced subscription price of $5.00 A YEAR MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway, New York 130 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS QOUALIGE AY. ST. Beh NA RBs FROM SUCH SIRES AS CHAMPION NEWTON ABBOTT SQUIRE CHAMPION WILLOWMERE JUDGE CHAMPION MAYOR OF WATFORD CHAMPION ALTA BRUCE PUPPIES AND GROWN STOCK OCCASIONALLY FOR SALE HANDSOME BOOKLET AND HISTORY OF THE BREED, 10 CENTS WIcCcecoPRPEeB KENNELS Box 69 RIVERTON, N. J. FRITZ EMMETT Il, BY CHAMPION ALTA BRUCE 1904 Edition—Designs costing $2,000 to $15,000. Price, $2.00. 1906 Edition— Designs costing $6,000 to $30,000. Price, $2.00. The most beautiful and useful book on this subject published The designs are illustrated by fine half-tone 4 engravings made from water color drawings and 4 photographs, showing the buildings as they will “| actually appear when completed. Each design has also a first and second floor plan carefully worked outand figured, and ina number of in- stances the interiors are shown from photograph plates; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on plan- ning and building. Colonial, Artistic, English Half Timber and other styles of Architecture. Special designs and detailed plans prepared. Houses altered and remodeled. WILLIAM DEWSNAP, Architect 152 Nassau Street, New York City | “COUNTRY AND SUBUR RBAN HOUSES” RREEeePareee Pe PagreePeneeeR pid Bd ° * Plant for Immediate Effect Find NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Si Start with the largest stock that can be secured! bind bind bind Bind Bin to grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an immediate effect. Spring Price List Now Ready. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR “fe % ES cS % It takes over twenty years bind ES ES 3 RVRERRSCRRRRSRRVRRRS Peennaee Pl By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the reach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON, N. Y., U.S. A. New York Office : 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, II. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use A au pts CONVENIENT Lede is what every one desires. 1 n—large or little, magnificent or modest. If you are thinking of to me about plans. I can design you saat you want, artistically and nplete, ate definite plans and specifications. e hee vrite onomical vith cor A Book of Bungalows; a new, unique and artistic book of one and one-and- a-half story 8 ost $1000 up. Price by mail, $2.00. New Picturesque Cottages, containing original and beautiful designs for suburba i from 800 to $6000 Price by mail, $1.00. Fictures sque Summer Cottages, Vol. III. Designs for stone, shingle and rustic su es and bungalow Price by mail, $1.00 E. E. Holman, Anchitect: Room 14,1020 Chestnut St., Philadelphia From My ‘‘Book of Bungalows” August, 1906 grass is, therefore, a very important matter in the establishment of lawns. Bluegrass, bent-grass, and the fescues, if used in combination, should be sown at the rate of two to three bushels of seed to the acre. Bluegrass, if used alone, should not be used at a less rate than two bushels to the acre, while white clover, if added to the col- lection of the above-named sorts, should be used at the rate of a peck to the acre. Upon sandy lands and in spring seeding white clover is a very important factor, because is germin- ates quickly and covers the ground, afford- ing protection and presenting an attractive appearance earlier than is possible by the use of the other grasses. White clover, too, is able to re-establish itself very quickly after periods of severe drought, and until the blue- grass, redtop, and bent-grass become thor- oughly established the white clover will us- ually be in the ascendant. As the turf-form- ing habits of the other grasses become more strongly marked, however, the white clover will gradually disappear and give place to the more permanent grasses. ESTABLISHING A LAWN. The successful establishment of a lawn de- pends upon the careful preparation and the proper fertilization of the land and the selec- tion and planting of appropriate grasses. In those localities where a lawn can be estab- lished by the use of seeds the preparation of the seed bed and the selection and sowing of the seeds are exceedingly important questions. General directions for the preparation of the soil have already been suggested. In ordr that seeds of suitable character may be secured, it is desirable in the first place to determine the varieties which succeed best in the locality. In the northeastern part of the United States bluegrass, redtop, Rhode Island bent-grass, and white clover are the chief constituents of lawn mixtures. In the latitude of Washing- ton, D. C., bluegrass and white clover, Rhode Island bent-grass, and Bermuda grass are all more or less important lawn grasses. Ber- muda grass seed is not commercially grown in the United States, and because of the expense of the Australian product the only economical means of propapating this grass is by division of the rootstocks. In order to secure a uniform distribution of the seed, the seeding should be done in two directions. The seed should be divided into two lots, one of the lots being scattered in one direction across the land and the other scat- tered at right angles to the first. This is done in order to obliterate as far as possible balks and streaks in scattering the seed. Since grass seed is very small, every precau- tion should be taken to bring the seen in close contact with the soil. Nature does this in an ideal way by gentle showers. It is therefore desirable upon small areas to sow the seed immediately before a shower. If the shower is a gentle one of some duration, it is more desirable than a violent rain. ‘Torrential rains, if the surface of the lawn is sloping, usually cause damage, which must be repaired. In the case of establishing lawns, if the grasses which grow from seed cannot be used, it is necessary to resort to one or the other of the following methods: (1) The establish- ment of the lawn by the use of small tufts of grass or pieces of turf planted at intervals, suf- ‘ficiently close to allow the natural spreading of the plant to soon take possession of the en- tire area, or (2) covering the entire area with turf. In the Southern States, where the Ber- muda and St. Augustine grasses are depended upon for lawn purposes, the common practice is to cut the turf into small fragments, about two inches square, or to take small tufts of roots and stalks of the grass, as much as can be easily grasped in the hand, and insert them August, 1906 Ailes Aa Ne TOMES AND GARDENS yea ODerts Safety Wrought Iron Boiler For Heating Purposes, on either the Steam or Hot Water Principle, at a price which competes with cast iron boilers HIS boiler is designed just the same for either steam or hot water heating and can alternate from one to the other, thus better meeting the weather conditions without requiring any alterations in the system. For further particulars apply to The Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Co. 39 Cortlandt Street New York City Works at Red Bank, New Jersey LATEST BEST DESIGNS Quality the Highest J## Honest Prices SEND FOR, CATALOGUE HORNET MANTEL CO. 1112 to 1120 «Market St. 2 ST. LOUIS Beautify your Home A million copies will be the record of the sale of this offer. Four of the Celebrated Stokes Pictures Water color fac-similes Size, each, 10x16 in. All for One Dollar ($1.00) On y2ceipt of same we will imme diately send you one full set, and if not as represented, money will be cheerfully refunded. Remit by Post- office or express order. Benzion Art Store 565 Lincoln Ave. Chicago, Ill. Hound Wolumes American Homes and Gardens 33 Price, $3.50 Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada é‘ 58 MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway New York Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, Interior Woodwork and ete reservin ne natural awe sis Heaney of the wood, ithout doubt the mest economical and satisfactory Po.isH known for Harpwoop FLOoRs. For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware and House-Furnishings, Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of the snany advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 356 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass, . is a superior finish for Our No. 3 Reviver .S,a025a piazza floors, LISKS SELF BASTING Sanitary» _ ROASTER [BEART An ordinary roast is changed to an extraordinary delicacy when cooked in the LISK SELF-BASTING ROASTER. Did you ever see two roasts cooked alike ia an ordinary roasting-pan? Sometimes raw on the bottom and scorched on the top; sometimes dried up and always a big shrinkage. Now see the difference with the Lisk Self-basting Roaster. Every roast cooked to a turn, and perfectly basted. The roaster is so constructed that as the juices of the meat are turned into vapor by the heat, they are collected on the inner roof and fall back upon the meat in a continuous shower of gravy. No basting for you and no shrinkage of the roast. And just as important to good health as good cooking are the sanitary features of the Lisk Roaster. It is seamless. No joints, seams or corners to clog with grease. The Lisk Sanitary Self-basting Roaster is made of the Imperial Gray Enamel used in all Lisk Kitchen Utensils. J¢ wears like iron and cleans like china. Made in four sizes and sold by all leading hardware dealers and housefurnishing stores. Every Lisk Roaster is absolutely guaranteed. Illustrated booklet H sent free on request. The Lisk Manufacturing Company, Limited Canandaigua, N. Y. The “Anti-jalubius” Skylight Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, snow, sleet ~or dust, without putty or cement. Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- light without coming in contact with or danger of breaking glass. A—Steel Supporting Bar Ree ees aness Son ra ; ee ee eee Mamtaetered The G. Drouve Co. and D—Felt J—Bridge Cfor walking on Erected by E—Glass skylight) i Also Manufacturers and Erectors of The Lovell Window Operating Device The only device on the market that will, if desired, operate a line of sash 500 ft. long Bridgeport, Connecticut 132 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented ees YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above TPES WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews 2 Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer © | Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont- Morgan R. Fulton Cutting a C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— r ] Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. & | Woodrutt Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. < | Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street :: Brooklyn, New York THE CELEBRATED FURMAN BOILERS] [p..ciy Mine oe ne "me Be RR aaa 3 + Hand -Woven Rugs Masterpieces of Colonial simplicity and ele- eance that harmonize perfectly with present-day luxuriousness. Beautiful and artistic effects for every room in the house. The work of craftsmen skilled in the art of hand weaving. Substantial, inexpensive, reversible, washable. Sizes from 2 x3 feet at $1 to 12x 18 feet at B36. Write for booklet that tells about Derothy Manners Hand- Woven Rugs and Carpets, Portieres, Couch and Table Covers. % wa — Special Offer: We will send as a sample a 3x6 rug, in As an investment, Furman Boilers return large Dividends in Improved Health, Increased Comfort and blue, green or pink, express prepaid anywhere in the U. S., on ~ . 7 . ‘¢ ry ; - c >ceipt o . Fuel Saved. Valuable Catalogue and Booklet ‘‘ Warmth’’ mailed free. Address: Paes New York Office and THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY Selling Agents The Old Colony Weavers Showroom E.S. DEAN, BLOOMINGTON, ILL. Germantown, Pennsylvania 296 Pearl Street E.K.BARR, LA Crosse, WIS. " RET EEE = S he HX SES ak American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects ° 4to. 11x 13% inches. Illuminated Cover SUMPTUOUS BOOK deal- ing with some of the most stately houses & charming gardens in America The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, & are beautifully printed po ; on double coated resheneeegeeeey prerteepe Y . paper. Attractively SS er Fee bound. The book — 5 will prove one of the most interesting books of the year & will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a lux- urious book on our American Homes. and 275 [Illustra- tions. 306 Pages Price, $10.00 ‘e Munn. & Company Publishers of ** Scientific American’ No. 361 Broadway NEW YORK POVEEsokeG AWN nt OMES AND GARDENS 133 Evergrecns August, 1906 Jor August Planting DINING | i| ; ROOM | q Specimen Crees, Wlitb Ball, as JFollows : Colorado Blue Spruce (Abies punger glauca), 2 to 3 ft. Colorado Silver Fir (Picea concolor), 2 to 3 ft. Nordmann’s Silver Fir, 2 to 3 ft. Compact and Globe-headed Arbor Vite, 2 ft. Pyramidal Arbor Vitz, 2 to 3 ft. American Arbor Vitz, 2 to 8 ft. The Plan of Your New Home American Arbor Y may be safely left in the hands of your architect, but your own taste Irish Juniper, 2 to 3 ft should be reflected in matters of important decorative detail. One of these p Von mee alin is the selection of the Ilardware Trimmings. Because they are permanent and 4 ey eee prominent they are hardly less important than pictures and tapestries. PORCH pe art eee ee ee In addition to the above we have White Pines by the thousand for 9 A ti ti creens, etc. Evergreens for hedges, rustic including American and Siberian Arbor Hardware Vitae. Dwarf Box—other Hardy | Evergreens. All carefully grown. offers a wide range of decorative possibility, and the real economy of life long wear. Prices on request. Inspection invited. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks are most positive in action; most permanent in service. ‘‘Sargent’s Book of Designs”’ enables you to select with sure ty and satisfaction hardware trimmings in keeping with any style of architecture or any character of inte- rior finish. It is sent complimentary. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard Street, New York. Catalogue free. GEE © 2S LE Ellwanger & Barry Purserymen—Morficulturists is Rochester. Mew Work ARTISTIC MANTELS Our line embraces every~ thing needed for the fire~ place, and our Mantels range in price from $2. 65 up. q Catalogue free Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersey City, N. J. - * peeliies Supplies F, Weber & Cox neasitints’ —_— * ney SSS =—el = —_ —t ——} ame - The GEO. W. CLARK CO. —— 29 Ea a oe 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. Factory: Knoxville, Tenn. Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, Ort’s Pant graphs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Dra: ing Boards, Tat les, Sguares, Tri- angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, res Levels of Bes t Makes Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. TIT 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Make Your Own 64 99 e The “Globe” Ventilator concrete In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Building Blocks / Also with Glass Tops for Skylight cat Gee | y = m™ Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For per- M fectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Simoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Patented and Trade-Mark Manufactured by Reg: U.S. Pat.Off. Globe Ventilator Company ::_ Troy, N.Y. MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off- bearing No expensiv e iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks THE PETTYJOHN CO. «« 617 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind, BRISTOL’S MAKE ''NEVERLEAK" ROOFS EVER LEAK, mind you, no ‘ifs’? about it, as long as the building stands it is permanently covered with the handsomest, fireproof, stormproof roofing made. That’s our reason for asking Architects to specify them, and the best architects in the country today are doing it. Let us tell you more about them. Cortright Metal Roofing Co. Philadelphia and Chicago |i Recording Ihermometer Located within house, records ona weekly chart outside temperature Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters Over 100 different varieties, and guaranteed Send for Catalogue B The Bristol Co., Waterbury, Conn 134 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1906 The Original Old Style Method of making Terne Plates was known as the , PROCESS because MF Roofing Tin was the first practical metal- roof-covering ever made. The process 1s the same to-day as it was then, and the plates are just as even in gauge, thoroughly coated and easily worked. Therefore, when a property owner or roofer specifies MF ‘Ternes, he can rest assured he is getting the best to be had. When ordering, keep in mind the fact that the MF Process is the oldest Old Style Process in existence, and that MF Roofing Tin cannot be excelled, regardless of how long you search. Write for our booklet ‘‘ From Underfoot to Overhead ’’— it’s interesting, and costs you nothing. AMERICAN SHEET ¢& TIN PLATE COMPANY FRICK BUILDING Study Architecture EASY LESSONS, or Stepping Stone to ARCHITECTURE. By THOS. MITCHELL. ~ * A simple text book telling in aseries of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illus- trated by 150 engravings, amongst which are _ illustra- tions of various historic build- ings. The book is 12mo. in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. th Price, 50c. post Paid. PITTSBURGH, PA. The most modern Heater made A REPUTATION The “THATCHER” TUBULAR Furnace is distinctly known as the Finest development in Heater construction. It guarantees healthfully warmed air—vwith the greatest possible economy in fuel May we send you our illustrated booklet — ‘‘ Homes of Comfort ’’— free? Thatcher urnacesco, Nos. 110-112-114-116 Beekman Street NEW YORK Works: Newark, N. J. in the soil at intervals of about ten or twelve inches in each direction. When not planted in check rows in this fashion the roots are usually set in rows or drills twelve or fifteen inches apart in one direction, with the tufts of grass six to ten inches apart in the row. Slight cultivation is then practiced between these rows to keep down weeds until the root- stocks of the plants have gained possession of the entire area. TERRACES AND BANKS. Upon terraces and banks where grass cannot be readily established from seed or by plant- ing, as before indicated, the sod or turf is usually removed from some area where suit- able grass is well established and used to cover the entire surface of the bank or terrace. A common method employed in this work is to cut the sod into pieces a foot square and about two or two and one-half inches thick. Upon steep banks which are of a sandy na- ture, and under conditions where it is dif- ficult to use sod, a pleasing appearance can be produced by the use of Japanese honey- suckle (Lonicera japonica). This plant is capable of establishing and maintaining itself under adverse conditions, and it makes a good soil binder and has the advantage of being evergreen. WHEN TO PLANT A LAWN. There are those who are very successful in lawn making who depend almost entirely upon fall planting, and there are others who are equally successful who advocate the practice of spring planting. Both of these systems are successful, and the prospective lawn maker may use the method which best suits his con- venience. If the seeding is to be done in the autumn, the latter part of August or the month of September is the best period for ac- complishing the work in latitudes between Washington, D. C., and Boston. In the southern portion of this zone the work may be deferred until October. If possible the seeding should be done at a time when the fall rains are most abundant. It is not advisable to sow the grass seed dur- ing a dry period, unless there are at hand artificial means for watering which can be used to force rapid germination and growth. Fall planting has the advantage of allowing a number of the weeds in the area to germin- ate and be killed by the frosts and freezes of the winter. If the grass attains a height of two and one-half or three inches before win- ter there is little danger of loss from severe weather. In lacalities where the surfice of the earth is not protected during winter by a snow cover and the ground is likely to freeze and thaw repeatedly it is not advisable to atempt to establish a lawn in the autumn. Spring planting is more certain of results than fall planting in the long run, particularly in the zone under discussion. The draw- back to spring planting is that work must fre- quently be delayed longer than is desirable be- cause of unfavorable soil conditions, particu- larly upon heavy and retentive soils. Young plants suffer severely from heat and drought if they have not had an opportunity to grow and form considerable root before the hot period comes on. Weeds which come in ad- vance of the spring planting of the lawn can be overcome in a measure by giving the land partial preparation in the autumn and allow- ing the first crop of weed seed to germinate before cultivation and the preparation of the seed bed is completed, using this cultivation to destroy the first crop of weeds as well as to prepare the seed bed for the lawn. ‘The latter weeds can be held in check by frequent clippings with the mower. MAINTENANCE OF A LAWN. All the operations connected with the main- tenance of a greensward are directed toward August, 1906 ANE eCAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ww va securing a uniform sod or turf over the en- tire extent of the lawn. In order to secure this the plants which constitute the lawn should be kept in a luxuriant, vegetative con- dition and never allowed to go to seed. “There is no operation connected with plant life which is so trying upon the vitality as the produc- tion of seed. In order to keep a close, even surface over the area, it is necessary to use a mower frequently, but in using the mower the clipping should not be done close enough to deprive the plants of sufficient leaf area to carry on their normal functions; that is to say, as a general rule the lawn mower should be set high rather than low. Upon newly estab- lished lawns the operation of clipping should not be delayed until the grass is too high. As soon as a mower with a blade two inches high will cut the ends of the leaves, the mower should be passed over the surface. By re- peating this at close intervals during the growing season a better and more uniform stand of grass will be secured. It is a mistake to allow a lawn to go in an unkept condition during the first months of its existence. It should from the beginning be subjected to the same treatment which is to be carried on later in its life. It is not advisable to clip the lawn frequently during periods of drought, but even during these periods it is not well to allow the plants to produce seed stalks. The general plan of keeping a lawn clipped to a height of two inches is a very safe one to follow. The clipping, too, should be sufficiently frequent to prevent the neces- sity of raking off any considerable quantity of material after each clipping. If the soil is moist, very rich, and the growth luxuriant, it will be necessary to rake off the clippings, but on comparatively poor soil the clippings will not be deterimental unless they produce an unsightly effect. Before growth has ad- vanced to any considerable extent each spring, the lawn, as soon as it is comparatively dry, should be gone over with a heavy lawn roller, so as to embed firmly any of the grass roots which may have been loosened by frosts and to reduce the surface to a uniform condition. The winter top-dressing has already been referred to, and upon soils which are not uni- formly very rich and retentive this dressing is very desirable, as it not only furnishes a winter protection for the roots of the plants, but supplies them with a liberal quantity of immediately available plant food for start- ing growth in the spring. In some localities it is necessary to give special attention to the eradication of persistent weeds, such as plan- tains, dandelions, and other deep-rooted plants of this character. Where these can not be crowded out by constant clipping and the lib- eral use of fertilizer, it becomes necessary to remove them by the use of a trowel or knife. If the lawns become depleted and a large per- centage of the vegetation is composed of dan- delions, docks, or plantains, it will in general be most economical to break up and re-estab- lish the lawn rather than attempt to eradi- cate these weeds by the use of the trowel or knife. NEW BOOKS VERSAILLES AND THE CourT UNDER LOouIS XIV. By James Eugene Farmer. New York: The Century Co., 1905. Pp. 447. Price, $3.50 net. A good book on Versailles has long been needed in English. The vast palace has, in recent years, been subjected to much careful study by French scholars and much new ma- terial has been unearthed concerning it and the part taken in its building by the many famous personages associated with it. Mr. Farmer’s book will hardly meet this need, although to those unacquainted with the history of Ver- sailles it will be very welcome, summarizing, NGTERI LIZEN IC NALCOH comparable with it. with a snap and sparkle all its own. sterilized and non-alcoholic. for old and young. Sold by all first-class grocers and druggists. WA > . ‘*THE BEST OF ALL BEVERAGES” The pleasure of an outing afloat or ashore is increased by the cooling comfort of a good draught of DUFFY’S APPLE JUICE. For healthfulness and deliciousness there's no other beverage It has the ripe flavor of freshly gathered apples, DUFFY’S APPLE JUICE is the pure juice of the ripe apples, It is the health drink par excellence If your dealer can not supply you. send us $3.00 for trial dozen pint bottles; all charges prepaid to any part of the United States. DUFFY’S Mother Goose book for children sent free on request. AMERICAN FRUIT PRODUCT CO. Pe 22 WHITE STREET ROCHESTER, N. Y. as it does, the history of the palace in the time of its creator and during the period of its greatest brilliancy. This, however, is but a part of the story of Versailles and by no means exhausts its enor- mous interest. Versailles, as it stands to-day, is a colossal monument to some of the most ab- sorbingly interesting periods of European his- tory. Versailles to us is not simply a great palace endowed with memories of Louis XIV, but a building deeply associated with the his- tory of his immediate successors. Nor does its interest terminate with them, for the proclaim- ing of the king of Prussia as emperor of Ger- many within its splendid walls is as romantic an episode as transpired there at any time. It is true Mr. Farmer deliberately limits his book to the time of Louis XIV, but the reader who wishes to know the history of the palace will not be content with the long period treated in this volume. Versailles, in fact, is a striking example of the close tie that exists between building as building and the personal associations of peo- ple connected with it. It is one of the most human of structures. It was built as an ex- pression of the state and glory of one king, closely identified with the supremest follies of another, associated with some of the most tragic episodes of a third. As an architectural creation it far surpasses in interest any other modern palace. Its extent is overpowering, its magnificence scarce equaled, its gardens one of the wonders of the modern world. Its influ- ence as a building is still potent, for while no one undertakes to build a Versailles to-day its wonderful structures are still a source of con- stant inspiration to contemporary architects. Versailles makes an instant appeal as an art creation. Its vast palaces have excited astonish- ment from the days of their first building. The rich and ornate decoration is brilliant testimony to the artistic powers of its creators. Its great park has rarely, if ever, been equaled for the beauty of its landscape work and the sumptuousness of its sculptured adornments. Even to-day, although much has been lost, it is still adorned in an extraordinarily rich man- ner with the most difficult and the most dec- orative of the arts. All this splendor was created for the glori- fication of a single monarch and for the exhi- bition of as great a state, for the exploitation of as wonderful an etiquette as the world has seen. Much of Mr. Farmer’s book is taken up with the brilliant people who lived at Ver- Your Store Room How Does It Look ? If it’s old and dingy let us suggest a suitable steel ceiling for it. We can make your store room artistic and inviting. Give us the exact meas- urements and we’]l serve you promptly. Catalogue sent on application, showing store room designs in detail. Write for a copy. Mention American Homes and Gardens. The Berger Manufacturing Company Canton, Ohio A. H. & G. 10-5. To Special Designs and are fully equipped to execute the most in- tricate and delicate work ever attempted in sheet metal. Mullins Sheet Metal Work is far in advance in architectural design and artistic execution and has won an enviable reputation for excellence. Estimates, Designs, etc., submitted to architects, builders and contract- ors on request. The W. H. Mullins Co. 202 Franklin Street, Salem, Ohio. (Everything in sheet metal.) We Give Particular Attention Art Architectural This Steel is for YOUR office. This is a special proposition of great value to you. You must bave a letter file in your office. Wood burns, sticks. shrinks, warps; Steel lasts forever. Capacity, 20,000 Letters Standard Size, 10x12 inches This size is sufficient for any ordinary office. When you need more. add them in units. The drawers are fitted with suspension slides and every bit of room is avilable. Size, 51 inches high; 14% inches wide ; 24 inches deep. Made of Special Annealed Steel PRICE $272 Cc A S H Finish: Maroon Euamel, Polished Brass [rimmings, Cases Gold Striped Delivered free anywhere exst of the Rockies. Supplies not included. Write Sor eur Catalogue. AMERICAN HOMES AND, (GARDENS Vertical File | THE BERGER MFG. CO., Canton, 0. ty S00, A. H. & G.10-5. August, 1906 sailles under Louis. He is nowhere enthusi- astic, hardly ever sympathetic; yet his picture, on the whole, is not an erroneous one. The numerous illustrations add much to the value of the book. HoMeE FURNISHING, PRACTICAL AND ArR- Tistic. By Alice M. Kellogg. New York: Be Avmstokes:| Con neadss aiemo: Ppn 2652) serice or. 50: ‘The Home is the keynote of this journal, and this book will appeal to all our readers. The author’s advice is excellent, and we quote from the Preface as follows: ‘“‘ The interior of the home is naturally a reflection of its oc- cupants, and the possibility of achieving satis- fying results has created an ardent desire for adequate knowledge. Even in homes of mod- erate cost an effort to unite beauty and utility has become remarkably apparent, and, for- tunately, artistic surroundings are not de- pendent on large outlays of money. To give practical aid to the aspiring home artist the author has considered the different parts of the house in turn, and suggested the appropriate furnishings and decorations for each.” Such is, in brief, the scope of this admirable book, which will appeal to all readers of this mag- azine. The illustrations are admirable and are excellently reproduced. PRACTICAL STupreEs. Interior Decoration and Furnishing. By Henrietta P. Keith and Eleanor A. Cummins. Minneapolis: Max L. Keith. 1906. Pp. 186. Paper. Apparently there can not well be too many books on interior decoration adapted to meet the wants of the household furnisher, for there are few subjects of which there seems to be less known, and every new book finds, it is to be hoped, a new circle of readers, or impresses afresh the lessons gained taught by other books. The present volume is a well made and well intentioned effort to discuss anew this most perplexing of subjects. The authors approach their topic from the practical standpoint, and have endeavored to give truly helpful advice to the average householder who wants _ his house to look as beautiful as it can, perhaps without too great expense, and certainly with- out any great offence. “The book contains many helpful suggestions and can be read and _ studied with profit. PROFITABLE STOCK FEEDING. By Howard R. Smith. Lincoln, Neb.: Published by the Author, 1906. Pp. 12 + 413. Prof. Smith’s book had its inception in a series of lectures prepared for the Nebraska School of Agriculture. These have been en- tirely rewritten and reduced to book form for the present publication. Himself a practical stock feeder, engaged in the business for profit before becoming a college professor, Prof. Smith has unusual qualifications for writing a book of this sort. His own personal ex- perience, his wide correspondence and _ his teaching duties gave him not only practical knowledge of his subject, but made him familiar with the facts practical feeders most needed. Moreover, he has aimed to condense and present the results of the most important experimental work in feeding carried on in many places, and his book has, therefore, all the qualities of practicability which are nec- essary to give it practical value. He divides his subject into eight parts and treats at length of the feeding necessary for milk production, for beef cattle, for sheep, for swine, for farm poultry and for horses. Gen- eral principles are discussed in the opening chapters, and the specialistic topics are treated with all-sufficient fulness. A number of photo- graphic illustrations add to the value of the book. A House Lined with Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, 13 Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Sample and Circular Correspondence Solicited. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY. VERTICAL SECTION, INTERLOCKING RUBBER ~ TILING SS SS SS eS eS eS eS Se Made in One Quality Only—The Best OISELESS, non-slippery, sanitary and extraordinarily durable. The finest floor that can be laid in business offices, banking rooms, court rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals and hotels. It is specially adapted for steamships, yachts, etc., standing, without cracking or separating, the straining and rack- ing of the ship. Each tile is interchangeable and distinct, but shaped so as to lock firmly into the surrounding tiles. The interlocking feature produces a solid rubber floor, unlimited in size or shape, with all the durability of the hard tile, without its liability to damage. I Manufactured under our patent and sold only by us and our authorized agents. BEWARE OF INFRINGERS. Estimates, designs and samples furnished on application. Send for special catalogue. Patented and Manufactured Solely by New York Belting & Packing Co. 91-93 Chambers St., New York City eed. PHILADELPHIA, 724 Chestnut Street Branches ST.LOUIS . 218 Chestnut Street CHICAGO . . 150 Lake Street “~~ | BALTIMORE . 114 W. Baltimore St. SAN FRANCISCO . 605 Mission Street BOSTON 232 Summer Street INDIANAPOLIS 229 S. Meridian Street BUFFALO 600 Prudential Building PITTSBURG, 528 Park Building LONDON, ENGLAND Arthur L. Gibson & Co., 19-21 Tower Street, Upper St. Martin's Lane, W. C. Extensive Collections PAEONIES (JAPAN IRIS. GERMAN !' SIBERIAN PHLOXES EVERGREENS, SPECIMENS STRAWBERRIES, POT GROWN For August @) September Planting Send for Special Summer List; also our ( Tne LEM CiTtTyY NURSERY Co. NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Visitors always welcome at the Nursery SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTI-)— I: LATING LOCK. A Safeguard Wi: | \iM\\ forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, | | ))\\\), Good Health and Rest Assured. WN : : | To introduce this article, Four H \p Ventilating Locks in Genuine == Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- ij = per Finish will be mailed » any address prepaid for One, ||| Dollar. Will include a forty-§ = page Hardware Catalogue and = Working Model to carpenters § who wish the agency to canvass for its sale. Address ~ The H.B, (es G0,cens., u.s.a. PATENTED It Goes With the Sash! FRAME window screens have always been a nuisance. Necessary, of course, but so much bother to adjust and take out when the windows had to be closed, opened or cleaned. The need of a new idea for window screens ney be said to have been a "long felt want," and therefore all householders, office occupants, hotel keepers and others will hail with acclamation the advent of The “Thompson” Automatic Roller Window Screen which is easily adjustable to all windows that raise or lower. No cutting of frame of sash. They are simply adjusted by any- body in a minute or two. They rise or fall with either sash, and are not in the way of shutters or storm windows; can be instantly detached when necessary, and do not obstruct the view at any time; do not rust or break, and will easily outlast ordinary screens, They allow of perfect ventilation while keeping out mosquitoes, flies and other insects. @ Perfect in Action @ Neat in Appearance @ Low in Cost @ Effective in Results . ° E r Manufactured @ Controlled by q Unique in Every W ay American Automatic Roller Window Screen Co. 620 Mutual Life Building, Buffalo, N. Y. 5O% SAVED OAK VENEERED DOORS IN STOCK ALL SIZES. MADE IN STOCK QUANTITIES, SOLD AT STOCK PRICES, GaRRIED IN STO THE FOSTER-MUNGER (0. AMERIGAS GREATEST SASH & DOOR HOUSE CHICAGO, U:S:A: WRITE FOR VENEERED DOOR BOOK 1448 E 15-20 HP. $3,000 HE best-running car is that best qualities are durability and reliability. 30-35 Fi? $5,000 one which runs the best after years of service ; its The Locomobile, by virtue of its superior materials and construction, insures you continued satisfaction. ‘The average demonstration ride commonly offered has its limitations, because many cars which run well when new are not sufficiently well built to withstand hard service. Any prospective purchaser visiting our factory can take a ride in the first gasoline Loco- mobile,which we > built over four years ago—a demonstration which means something. The car shown is Modél “H,” 30-35 H.P., $5,000, with five lamps and generator; horn and tools, oil-cases and spare parts, (Top and luggage-carrier extra.) Second year of make-and-break ignition with low- with lock-box for same. tension magneto. ae INieeie lor Automobile Co., 33-35 Orange St. BOSTON oc emobile Co., 15 Berkeley Street. BUFFALO, Ney Jaynes Automobile Co., 883 Main Street. BROOKLYN, N. Wi : Remson Mf Cc 750 Grand Street. BINGHAMTON, N. Y. Sterling Motor Car C¢ BALTIMORE, MD. Callahan Atkinson & Co., BROCKTON, MASS. Marble. CHICAGO, ILL. ymobile Co., 1354 Michigan Avenue. CINCINNATI OHIO. Hanauer Automobile Co Wispuease. ytly ot COLUMBUS, OHIO. Curtin-Williams Automobile Co. Eis INS OHIO. Magoon Motor Car Co., 410 Erie St. DENVER, COLO. Tudg olburn, | ae Building. DAVENPORT, IOW ohnson, Rocking Le Road. 1020 Morton St. Color optional. Locomobile DEALERS: DES MOINES, IOWA. Riddell Automobile Co. ELMIRA, N. Y. Ghent Automobile Co. FALL RIVER, MASS. Sterling Manufacturing Co. HAVANA, CUBA German L NN LINCOL NEB. Lincoln pare Co LOS ANGELES, CAL. Success Auto Co., 420 Hill St. MARLBORO, MASS. Frank Billings. NEW YORK CITY, N. Y. Locomobile Co., 76th Street and Broadway. NEWARK, N. J Greene Motor Car Co., 88 Washington St. ENT Ne DFORD, MASS. . ,owe Supply Co., 22 Fourth Street. NORFOLK, CONN E. Lockwood & Go. NEW ORLEANS, LA. Automobile Co., Ltd. NEW HAV VEN, CONN. Holcomb Co., 109 Goffe Street. PEEKSKILL, N. Y. William Lawson, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Locomobile Co,, 249 PROVIDENCE, R. Davis utonebie Go., Our catalogue omits generalities and dwells on the specific points in which the automobilist is interested. “e Broad Street. a. , ROCHESTER, N. Y. Joseph J. Mandery, ST. LOUIS, MO. Capen Motor Car Co. 4743 McPherson Avenue. Dorrance Street. 170 South venue. ST. JOSEPH, MO. Wyeth Automobile Co. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Loco. Agency, 1807 Hough St. (temporary). SYRACUSE, N. Y. Ames-Pierce Automobile Co., SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Springfield Auto Co., WASHINGTON, D. C. Cooke & Stoddard, 22 109 South State St. Rear of Cooley House. 22d & P. aE UR CONN. H. Towle Co. WILKES. BARRE, PA. Wyoming Valley Motor Car Co, WICHITA, KAS. A. S. Parks. YONKERS, N. Y. W. H, Ulrich. Streets, N. W. DAYTON. OHIO. Locomobile Miami Motor Car Co, NEW YORK, Broadway and 76th Street PHILADELPHIA, 249 North Broad Street CO. OF AMERICA, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. BOSTON, 15 Berkeley Street CHICAGO, 1354 (Michigan cAvenue Member Assoctation of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers Bi ‘i a Pub Go “COMPANY, 7 A PR ae <2 ‘is MUNN 79 \/ Artistic designing — tempered by practical knowledge — stimulated by a policy of producing only the best — this has made “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware the acknowledged ideal. (Standard” Ware is a necessity made a luxury, by added conveni- ence and beauty; a luxury made an economy, by lasting service. Its symmetrical simplicity and white purity hold distinct decorative charm, and afford a constant joy in possession and use, yet underneath its smooth always-white surface are the long-service-giving qualities of iron. “Standard” Ware is the cheapest— always, because double service is included at its moderate price, and modernness it is distinctly the Our Book ** MODERN BATHROOMS” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom and illustrates many beau- tiful and inexpensive rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. Itis the most complete and beautiful booklet on the subject and contains 100 pages. THE ABOVE FIXTURES De- sign P. 34 can be purchased from any plumber at a cost approximating $260.75 — not counting freight, labor or piping. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. Dainty Wall Decorations is the title of a beautiful book, containing many color illustrations, and telling how you can make your home more healthful and more attractive by decorating your walls with Alabastine. It tells why Alabastine is the most durable of all wall coverings; explains how it positively destroys disease germs that come in contact with it; and shows how you can decorate your home year after year with Alabastine at one-half the cost of any other material. You ought to have this book, and you ought to know more about \ Ji © |] | Sanitary Wal Coating how easy it is to apply, how little it costs, and what a decided improvement it will make in the appearance of your home. The illustrations in the book are in the natural Alabastine tints, and give many charming ideas and suggestions for home furnishings as well as for wall decorations. of this book will be mailed to you for ten cents, s, and your money will be cheerfully re f you are not more than eased with heb sold everywhere by dealers in paints, il merchandise, at 50 )-lb. package Buy only in properly labeled packag Anyone can apply Alabastine by simply mixing it in Cold Water, using a flat brush. Ask your dealer to show you the Portfolio of Alabastine Prize Designs illustrating an almost endless variety of decorative treatments for the different rooms, in the actual Alabastine tints, and giving you many vsluable suggestions for the decoration of your home The Alabastine Co.. 909 Grandville Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich., or 109 Water St., New York City. Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co, Dept. 23 Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Office and Showrooms in New York: “Stattdard” Building, 35-37 West 3lst Street yet in artistic beauty, convenience model for all emulation. CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Statdard” “‘Green and Gold ”’ guarantee label, and has our trade- mark “Standard cast on the outside. Un- less the label and trade-mark are on the fixture itis not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes — they are allinferior and will cost you more in the end. The word *Standard” is stamped on all of our nick- eled brass fittings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc. New Orleans: Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. GARDEN, CONSERVATORY AND HALL FURNITURE Fountains, Statuary, Columns, Pergolas, Balustrades, Standards, Sun Dials, Ped- estals, Benches, Tables, Vases, Lions, Sphynxes, etc., in Marble, Bronze, Stone, and Pompeian Stone that success- fully withstands the American weather. Illustrations and Estimates upon SRRequest HENRY ERKINS & COMPANY 3 W.15th St. NEW YORK 143-145 Varick St. MENNEN’S) The Mennen Caddie - offers instant relief from chaps and skin roughness which keen fall winds bring tooutof door folks, MENNEN’S BORATED * TALCUM POWDER soothes and heals all chafing and chapping, and is put upin non- refillable box—Mennen’s face on the cover guaranteesit’s genuine. For sale everywhere, or by mail for 25 cts. GERHARD MENNEN CO, Newark,N.J. a Try Men- nen’s Violet Talcum Powder,” - ARDISHIE GONCGRETE LAVW/N-VASES q Fill up that bare place in park or campus, add to the attract- iveness of your lawn or beautify your grounds by installing a hand- some concrete vase, as shown in photo-engraving. Our handsome lawn specialties are very reasonable and very effective when properly placed. Price, only $5. Our stately -CONCRE Tee HITCHING - P@sies make the exterior look substantial and lend a very pleasing effect. Suitable for elegant homes. May be placed at either end of driveway. Either vase or post at $5, se- curely crated. q Machines for making them if desired. Catalog. MEDINA CONCRETE CO. 40 Court St. Medina, Ohio Phoenix Sliding High- Blind Grade Co. Veneered Phoenix Dooss N. Y. —————e — BLINDS PHOENIK,NY. SEND FO = S>>__y sup FoR CACOate tf September, 1906 AVE CAN THOMES AND GARDENS Clipper Lawn Mower Company, Dixon, Ill. Manufacturers of Hand and Pony Mowers Also Marine Gasoline Engines, 2 to 8 H.P. The MOWER | that will kill all the weeds in your lawns. If you | keep the weeds | cut so they do | not go to seed, | and cut your | grass without | breaking the small feeders of roots, the grass will become thick and the weeds will No. 1.—12 in h Mower, $5.00 \] disa ear. mois - 600/ 2 ee 7.00 a peo 800 || The Clipper Pony 24-* eS 18.00 will do it. Send Draft or Money Order: we ship the day it comes in ieee ‘ hie ; pa x > " — “ ’ oe ro + Gd aed - : ' 5 s fe ‘ oak A Concrete House, Tuxedo, N. Y. PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE has become the recognized building material where strength, durability and sanitary conditions are demanded. Our new book “ Concrete Construction About the Home and On the Farm” has just been received from the printers. It contains photo- graphs, descriptions, specifications and sectional drawings for many of the smaller structures that can be built without the aid of skilled labor by the suburbanite or farmer; also much general information and many valuable hints to small contrac- tors and prospective builders. A copy of this book will be sent free upon request THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY Department No. 10 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration is _ The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free ia ARGH ITEC TURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York 138 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 - P I. oi, ; aoe 2 ie Re awaet es a 6 Tr Serata De ese se ai yi ww Wes 222422.418 “ses @ae@asea \ ¢ j ¢@ ~~ Ww a Kui « Hy Dimi mCi \) CONCRETE IS THE *IDEAL’ MATERIAL IT WITHSTANDS FIRE, FLOOD AND STORM “VIEWED from any standpoint, BLOCKS made on the “JDEAL”’ MACHINE are conflagration-proof properly proportioned concrete VV ELL--MADE up to the point of white heat. withstands these elements better CONCRETE BLOCKS “Ideal” blocks resist the elements and live to the age of the Pyramids. epee sre Sisley oa Ce ARE FIREPROOF Let us tell you why; send for the Ralston, Engineer, San Francisco. details. Catalogue “‘O.” IDEAL CONCRETE -MACHINERY CO., STATION 17, SOUTH BEND, IND. CANADIAN FACTORY AND OFFICE, 124 YORK STREET, LONDON, ONT. | Think of the Pleasure ag Alm Le a i) % its ag stig ‘*BUILT THE PREMIER WAY’’ A Portable : Summer Cottage || Ve DO Things That Others Dare Not Attempt Premiers make pleasure—did you know leven because the unusual facilities of our factory—the that ? largest and best equipped in the world—our [here is no outing likethe Summer Cot- be i wide experience and skilled artisans enable us tage outing—it has a charm of its own. ae to execute the most intricate and delicate work Premiers are portable—and practical. erected Vt ever attempted in sheet metal, promptly and They can be erected in a few hours— or with complete satisfaction. but last years. q Of course they’re just as durable as a re-erected heh Our 120 Page Catalogue permanent house, more suitable, and- 3 ‘ bew : PPL ERT IIS IGE ina : will be sent you on request and gives some idea of our great facilities. We shall be glad to submit estimates, Send for Booklet No. S 22 few i designs, etc. Chas. H. Manley hours a The W. H. Mullins Co., 202 Franklin St., Salem, Ohio. St. John’s, Michigan Makers of everything in sheet metal. September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13° Haldwin The Baldwin tone has individuality, beauty immense depth. Because of its high qualities, the Baldwin Piano was awarded the Grand Prix at Paris in 1900; an honor never before bestowed upon a piano made in America. De Pachmann, Sembrich, Pugno and others eminent in music, pay it their highest tribute by using the Baldwin wholly in concert appearance. To own a Baldwin is to enjoy the satisfaction of having the Piano that has been honored by two continents. Write for catalogue “‘O” and information as to where you can hear the Baldwin Piano. D. H. Batpwin & Co. 142 West Fourth Street Cincinnati ‘HE wide range of delicate coloring, the immense size and profusion of bloom make the Peony the most wholesome of all garden flowers, the magnificence of the newer sorts rivaling the best features of the rose. With beauty of foliage, freedom from disease, and ease of culture, it is the peer of all hardy herbaceous perennials. Our collection consists of over 80,000 plants in 400 varieties, which always secure the highest honors at the leading exhibitions. Send for our illustrated catalogue, containing thorough, authentic descriptions and all the information required for selecting and planting this mos popular plant of the day. Peer oriPutl GROUNDS F your grounds are undeveloped and you recognize the need and value of improve- ments, you will be wise to not plant a tree or a shrub until you have secured some responsible advice on the proper method of procedure. Have an experienced designer Study the possibilities with you and determine the effects that should be produced, and adopt a plan. Thus you will be enabled to regulate your expenditures to your conven- ience, but always certain of being satisfied with the final result and with a positive sav- ing in the end. Address our Landscape Department and prepare now for fall planting. @ We have 112 acres of New York City property devoted to the culture of fine nursery stock for immediate landscape effect. COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY, LTD., Queens, Long Island, N. Y. ‘7 PEONIES \ I 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 CLASSIFIED Advertisements EGINNING with the June num- B ber, the publishers of American Homes and Gardens announce that they will accept classified advertise- ments of not more than one or two inches. ‘The classification is as follows: Poultry Kennels Stock Landscape Architects Country Property Schools Want Department Exchange A special rate of $3.00 for one inch ’ or $5.00 for two inches will be charged for each insertion. [hese ads are pay able in advance. Many who have been deterred from advertising by reason of their announcements being overshad- owed by large advertisements will now find their cards displayed more advan- tageously. With a $5.00 order we will make a half-tone engraving without charge. = This size ad costs $3.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From the Stony Brook Farm HESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock, Write today for prices. Stony Brook Farm, Box 773, New York This size ad costs $5.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From The Stony Brook Farm HESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock, Write today for prices. Stony Brook Farm Box 773 New York 4 MUNN & COMPANY 4 Publishers American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Ge Perern Pe B The Frog Book An interesting and practical work on ‘‘How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.’? Sent postpaid for $1.00. ge. MEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. If Wel Mua Make Room for Our Young and will sell f all of our breeders in all oe of Pheasants, Wild and Fancy Water Fowl, Ducks, Geese, ‘Turkeys, Peacocks, W. P. Rocks, I. Games, Guineas, etc., at a low price. We also have Swans, Wood and Mandarin Ducks, Egyptian Geese and Belg ian Homers for sale in any number. Send for our pecial offer. Also books on the care of Pheasants, Seq abs and Quail; 50 cts. each, or the three for $1.25. Send stamp for circulars. CAPE COD GAME FARM Box 99, Wellfleet, Mass. GEORGE S. OLMSTEAD LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT DRAINAGE TOPOGRAPHICAL AND ENGINEER ESTIMATES SURVEYS PLANS SUPERINTENDENCE BENNETT BUILDING, NEw YORK Human-Talker IS THE REGISTERED NAME OF MY GENUINE Mexican Double Yellow Heads the only Parrot in existence which imitates the Y human voice to perfection and learns to talk re and sing Mke a person. Young, tame, hand- >, : raised nest birds. SPECIAL PRICE 10 ys JUNE, JULY, AUGUST $ Each Parrot sold with a written guarantee to talk. Sent with perfect safety by express any- [Z where in the U.S. or Canada, alive arrival at A express office guaranteed. Cheaper varieties from $3.50 up. ONE OF A THOUSAND SIMILAR LET’ TERS ON FILE Columbus, Ga., 2—1—06. Your Double Yellow Head is one of the grandest talkers I ever owned. I would not take a hundred for him. You certainly name these birds right when you call them Human Talkers. Mrs. T. M. Busu, 114- 9th St. Write for booklet, testimonials and illustrated catalog, etc., free. GEISLER’S BIRD STORE, Dept. 57, Omaha, Neb. Largest and oldest mail order Bird House in the world. Est. 1888. / 4%, BUILD AT Cost Town or COUNTRY W. H. A. HORSFALL, Arcuirect 18 aND 20 Easr 42v STREET 2968 - 38TH New York,N Y. TEL. Virginia Principality For Sale HIRTY THOUSAND ACRES in Virginia, within twelve hours of Philadelphia. Double daily train service with sleepers and dining-car. I have an estate of the above size for sale. It is composed of about four thousand acres under cultiva- tion and about twenty-six thousand of woodland. Ten thousand acres is absolutely original growth. Natural trout streams, abundant game, and within three miles of the famous Natural Bridge. “Two good dwellings, one frame and one brick. For information, apply to R. C. BLACKFORD, Atorney-at-Law LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA AR GE ie €sh) Roane CO Mera) Th@rN The Garden City Company will receive competitive designs for SUBURBAN Houses of moderate cost until Au- gust 1, 1906. The following prizes are offered: Two of $1,000, two of $500 and ten of $100. For Program address The Garden City Company, No. 60 Wall Street, New York City. A Country Home Is best obtained by pure hasing a farm ina suitable location and improv ing it to suit your own individual taste or requirements. Our “Jersey Farms for Health and Profit” is a copyrighted 100-page book containing half-tone reproductions from photographs of New Jersey farms and scenery; also interest- ing and instructive information, together with a fine map of the State and descriptive list of 700 available farms suitable for country homes or for general farming. Sent prepaid upon receipt of 10 cents by addressing Dept. T, New Jersey Land & Investment Co. eae UN ne Valuable Information tor those who Build, Buy or Rent a Home Send postal for descriptive booklet House Hints Publishing Co., Department 28, Philadel hia Beautiful Homes Send for our fine port- folio of photographs of low cost homes, well planned, practical and artistic. They have no superiors. Postpaid, 25 cents, silver. Knapp & West, Architects Dept. B, Colman Bldg., SEATTLE, U.S.A. WOHLERT & WALBERG Landscape Architects Engineers Broadway, Now York 224 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia So aNSTRUCTIVE el Technical Papers SO60N TIMELY TOPICS PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL and Civil ARTIFICIAL STONE. By L. P. Ford tical value to the architect and builder. Scientific American Supplement 1500. THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By Harold Busbridge. An excellent pieseotation of modera views; fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. by T H. Blakesley, M A. An admirably written, instructive and copiously illustrated a'ticle Scientific American Supplement 1493, IIOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 161 and 600 contain excellent articles with full drawings. PLATING DYNAMOS. Scientific American Supplements 720 and 793 describe their construction se clearly that any amatecr can make them DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fully describe} and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. Thc machines can be run either as dynamos os motors ELECTRICAL MOTORS. Their Construction ar Home. Scientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641. A paper of immense prac- Order through you~ newsdealer or from Munn & Co., 361 Broadway, New York American | q Homes and | L. Gardens , @ Scientific : ) American / will be sent to one address for $5.00 September, 1906 AVeeR Tt OGCANS TOMES AND GARDENS [41 easaaaaes | —™ The original WELL! ABOVEALL THINGS! pntecurfaced R a a E RO i weather-proof (REG: U.S. PAT. OFFICE) elastic > RO OFING Roofing To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, a \ printed on the outside wrapper STANDARD FOR 15YEARS \ | a POSITIVELY WEATHER PROOF ne For RESISTS FIRE AND ACIDS : EASILY. APPLIED #5 ee Handsome LASTS INDEFINITELY ~~..." = Se e see Dwellings use A PERMANENT ROOFING wir A PERMANENT COLOR The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect. SEND FOR SAMPLES THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole «Manufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine Bo ILT by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ““E”’ to nearest office. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba ZS Sse aah S638 The Gorton Vapor Vacuum System of Heating ITH this System you can govern the tem- perature in any room 2 to suit the occupant by grad- uating the opening of the C] radiator valve; consequently no room is overheated, which | CO) (a means a great saving in fuel. q Our new catalogue, giving full information, mailed free on application. Gorton &Lidgerwood Co. 96 Liberty Street, New York City i S38 ie “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle of lighting cookir Inexpensive, Ornamental, Durable MADE BY J.H. ELLER & CO, 1610 E. 5th St. CANTON, 0. Ad ALSO MAKERS OF Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Our ee recent invent us t er the public an at much less cost than y gas, cheaper than electri i, and costir fourth as much as ace tyiene Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetuz ction guarant eec apparatus for suburban |} ing towns, etc C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Ma. AMERICAN HOMES AND 3GAIRD ENS THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our *“ Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him in a position to do so. September, 1906 Makers WAR TINTS E: Of WN all Ml@one Ahilles DESPAIR “Tali (Ee Neel The Kinnear Pressed - Iron Wall - Radiator Occupies less than half the wall space required by cast-iron radi- ators furnishing equal efficiency. Kinnear Pressed Radiators are made for steam or hot water, and are suitable for use in buildings of any type. Because of their extreme light- ness, the limited space required and their chaste simplicity of de- sign, they are especially desirable for homes and all buildings of the better class. Interior and exterior heavily galvanized. Write for Catalogue ‘‘D.” Kinnear Pressed Radiator Co. Pittsburg, Pa., U. S. A. Al TRENTON, NEW JERSEY TRRENG TILE COMPAN 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and. Fire *Place Tile .=N on Avbisiom b empe Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Fave nicessetic: SCAT VERO URS (CLAS GA CL ONG AME Bound® Volumes American Homes and Gardens q es response to many re- quests of both new and old subscribers we have caused a beautiful design to be prepared and expensive — register dies cut so as to produce a most ar- tistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most sub- stantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the necessary Strength for so heavy a volume. . The decoration of the cover is unique. There are five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artis- tically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. This volume makes an appro- priate present for any season of the year. Price, prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada, is $3.50. @ For those who have the first six numbers we have prepared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound vol- umes. Any bookbinder can sew and case in the book for a moderate price. We send this case Strongly packed for $1.50. funn & Co., Publishers Scientific American Office, 361 Broadway, New York BRANCHES New York, Flatiron Building Chicago, First National Bank Building St, Louis, Chemical Building Kansas City, Heist Building Toronto, Ont., 302 Queen Street London, Eng., 19-21 Tower Street Upper St. Martin’s Lane . SeatifendOR OcclaedkavAvenae WE will send American Homes and Indianapolis, State Life Building Oullanne Ge Fraskla Siree: @ardens and Scientific American Detroit, Buhl Building cat A UHIGMINA Gore ENING to one address for $5.00. The regular price is $6.00. September, 1906 Te Elm City Nursery Company, New Haven, Connecticut September Planting i TRUE TO DE- i R S SCRIPTION J#* GERMAN. ‘Twelve distinct sorts. JAPANESE. ‘Twenty-four distinct sorts. PUMULA, SIBERICA, ETC., ETC. Plant now and enjoy a fine display the following spring PAAONIES Our collection includes practically all the new and the best of the old sorts. The ones we catalog are true to description and are offered in four sizes. The two larger sizes will produce a display of flowers the following season if planted in September. EVERGREENS The leading sorts are grown in large quantities, and our collection includes also many which are very rare and fine specimens which take up with a ball of earth. SERAWBERRY PLANTS Gown If set out soon will produce a crop of luscious fruit the following season. The varieties we offer have proven themselves to be both delicious in quality and productive. OCTOBER @ HOLLAND BULBS vovemser, PLANTING Only the best grade offered. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Jon- quils, Crocus, Iris, Lilies, Ranunculus, Scillas, Snowdrops, Anem- ones, Crown Imperials, etc: etc: SPECIAL AUTUMN LIST @® GENERAL CATALOG Both will interest you and are yours for the asking. An extensive stock here to select from and every facility for the prompt handling of all orders are feat- ures which will make your dealings with us a source of mutual satisfaction. THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY NEW HAVEN CONNEC TLC UT WVilsiotot Ss tliway s weleome at the N urs er v~ Mees CLOCKS @ Hall Clocks, chiming the quarters and striking the hour on beautiful-toned tubes, bells or gongs. @ The clock in your hall should be the attractive fea- ture, and it will be if you follow our suggestion and place in your home one of our “Waltham” Clocks Nothing richer or finer made. @ We also manufacture a full line of hanging clocks, including the “‘Colonial’’ banjo clock. q If your jeweler does not carry our line send direct Catalogue Upon Request WA LE AA M Crock Company Waltham, Massachusetts United States of America AMER CAN@EROMES AND GARDENS 143 Doors that are Beautiful and Useful @ Beautiful doors make your home more attractive, and add to its ele- gance and refinement. Write to-day for a copy of “The Door Beauti- ful,” a handsome illustrated booklet showing many new styles of beau- tiful doors, and explaining how you can know you get the quality you pay for. ; ' i" @ Morgan Hardwood Ven- AN eered Doors are beautiful in design, unequalled in con- ¥ struction and elegance of fin- / ish, and are made to corres- pond with the architectural features of the house. Made in Colonial, Renaissance, Empire, Craftsman, and many other styles for inside and outside use. Sold under a guarantee to replace, free of cost, any door that fails to give entire satisfaction. @ Architects and builaers are urged to write for our 64-page catalogue entitled “The Perfect Door,” sent free where the request is written on business stationery. Morgan Company. Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. Distributing Points: Morgan Sask & Door Co., 22nd and Union Sts., Chicago, Ill.; Morgan Co., Oshkosh, Wis.; Morgan Co., Baltimore, Md. Z An Daj GO 6 ae “4% Trish Contractor j, RAG in Ireland bought a Hercules early in 1905. Later he bought two more, and a few months ago he ordered four more. er esneel What does this prove? It proves that the Hercules delivers the goods— that it makes absolutely perfect blocks, You can only fool an Irishman once, and if the first Hercules was not sat- isfactory the other order would not have followed. Why did the contractor who is building the immense power station for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad at Cos Cob, Conn., order Hercules Machines to do the work with? Because, after a thorough study of every other concrete block machine, he con- vinced himself that the machine that would make the most perfect blocks and make them the most economically was the Hercules Concrete Block Machine If you are going to buy a concrete block machine and you want the very best to be had, you’ve got to buy the simple Hercules—the machine that makes two blocks at one time—the machine that an unskilled laborer can easily operate. The Hercules can pro- duce more blocks, a larger variety of blocks and better blocks in one day than any other machine—and pro- duce them for less money. Isn’t that the kind of a machine you want? If it isn’t, your competitors will have a walkover. Send for our beautifully illustrated catalog. Be sure and ask for Catalog C. CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE C0., {80 West Main St., Rochester, N.Y. 144 AMERICAN. HOMES: AND S@ARDE'INS The fame of the STEINWAY the Piano by which all others are measured and judged, is not merely a local or national one. It is international, universal, world- wide, and is the recognition in the strongest possible manner of a work of art that is in its line unequalled and unrivalled. From its inception it has been known as THE BEST PIANO, without qualifica- tion and without limitation. Steinway Pianos can be bought from any authorized Steinway dealer at New York prices, with cost of transporta- tion added. Illustrated catalogue sent on request. STEINWAY and SONS Steinway Hall 107 and 1og9 East 14th Street NEW YORK September, 1906 HOMES AND GARDENS iBRARY Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year ew YORK rANICAL GARDEN. | Beare stene eee AMERICAN | Soon Ss HOR SEPTEMBER, 1906 A ROSE-ENCLUSTERED DAIRY MONTHLY COMMENT NoTaBLE AMERICAN Homes—The Summer Home of Ambassador George von L. Hamilton, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree 149 By Francis Durando Nichols Mather, Esq., Haverford, Penn- THe Mopern BUNGALOW GARDEN OF “AVONWoop CourRT’’—ESsTATE OF Charles E. sylvania Ox Pasrure Hirt—The Home of Edward B. George at Rowley, Massachusetts By Lilian Harrod By John A. Gade THE CITIZEN’S PART IN Civic BETTERMENT THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS AT YORKTOWN By Allen Desaix A New APPLE-TREE PEsT IN CALIFORNIA By Enos Brown PLANT SENSATION By Mary H. Northend By Clarence M. l¥ eed By George Ethelbert Walsh September Work in the Garden Some of Our Night-blooming Flowers New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. AUG 24 1906 Amreq peleisn[ou~y-aso0 yy V AMERICAN HOMES AND GA A Glimpse of the Marble Room, Floored with a Mosaic from the Torlonia Palace, in the Summer Home of Ambassador George von L. Meyer, Hamilton, Massachusetts 148 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 Monthly Comment SRG TATISTICAL publications are not often of MM abounding general interest, but numberless valuable facts can often be extracted from them. i orf | — ai a ae in i ) = . wu: a The Library is Forty Feet Long and is Paneled Throughout in Oak September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Modern Bungalow How a Bungalow Can Be Well Built at a Small Expense By Francis Durando Nichols RSGHE story of how a bungalow can be built well, and at a small expense, is well defined by the illustrations of a series of bungalows oR presented in these pages. The term ‘‘bunga- * low’ has been so misunderstood that it may not be out of place to define its origin, its form and its construction. ‘he bungalow is classified into two groups—the true bungalow of to-day, which is designed after its prototype, and the modernized bungalow, which is designed after the cottage form. The original bungalow derived its name from banga, the Indian term, meaning in India a species of rural villa, or house of light construction, with a thatched or tiled roof and surrounded by an open veranda, which is roofed, af- fording a shelter from the sun. The plan consisted of one large living-room built in connection with the service- and sleeping-rooms, all placed on one floor. The bungalow of the second class, developed into the cottage form and while still maintaining some of the original plan by providing one, two or three sleeping- rooms on the first floor, it has a second story, in~ which sleeping-rooms are also pro- vided, and which is usually reached from a staircase frequently ascending from a living-room or a small lobby. In the chief cities of India, specially among the Anglo- India people, the bungalow has become really a palatial resi- dence, while in the country they are of the ordinary type, many of which are arranged as public inns, and are called ‘“‘daks.’’ The usual bungalow is built as it is in America, according to the taste and the wealth of its owner. In certain parts of India the bungalow is built on stilts of railroad iron, and is elevated from ten to twenty feet from the ground. This form of building offers a suggestion in the building of a bungalow by placing the first floor, specially when it is a one-story bungalow, on posts some eight or ten feet from the ground, and creating an open veranda between the in- tervening space, from CY) the level of the ground to the under side of the \ Nay R ee the domestic 2—AMr. Carter's Bungalow Has All of its Rooms on One Floor floor of the bungalow. A convenient pair of stairs can be built from this veranda, leading up into the bungalow. ‘This veranda could be inclosed with glass and transformed into a sun-room or a lounging-hall. In the building of the bungalows which are shown in these pages it has been necessary to establish an economical form of planning and designing, and a selection of house finishes and equipment in order to overcome the cost of building, which has advanced so rapidly. If we can thus succeed in et s , 1—A Bungalow Built for Mr. Gate H. Carter at Dongan Hills, Staten Island getting a solution of our domestic necessities in a propor- tionally smaller area, and with a more economical arrange- ment, then we have, to a degree, counterbalanced the &® undoubted increase in aE the cost of building- ( 5 material and labor. ay ah sy) ou Ht, Sete These bungalows illus- trate the tendency to- ward economy of origi- nal outlay, as well as in future maintenance. It is evident by a study of the plans that there has been an effort made to eliminate hall and pas- sageway, and to throw what space there is into available rooms and closets. This feature, which is quite an im- portant one, has not to any great extent sacri- ficed any desirable fea- tures, but has enhanced economy by eliminating just s much waste space 3—The Living-Room is Characteristic of Good Taste \MERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 ARLE, e 5—Mrs. Nixon Hopkins’s Bungalow at Pasadena, California, Might be Built in Any Section of the Country by bringing the various rooms in closer relation to each other. The these bungalows are well pro- portioned, with each part in proper ratio to the other parts of the house; this applies to the size of the rooms, height of the ceilings, and to the posi- tion of each gard to its e interior of room in re- The | osure. 1 GarRPEn ©vRT peeks Kitcnent fo'miy BED Room pee” Jimst Teer Phan- SJCCONP Tieer PAN > 6—The Plans Present the Living- and Dining-Rooms in Combination bathrooms are distributed in such a way that one is usually convenient for the entire household. In the t wo-storied bungalows, where an appropriation of space prevents the intro- duction of complete back stairs, precaution has been taken in some instances to prevent the domestics from being visible from the main part of the house. September, 1906 AMERICANTHOMES AND GARDENS 155 | | The material used in the interiors | of these bungalows is not unusual, but a great deal of originality has been exercised in the character of the wood- work, in the projections and shape of the trim, selection of moldings, in the back of projecting chimneys and fire- places, and in the location and num- ber of its window- and door-openings. | . Mr. Gate H. Carter's Bungalow at Dongan Hills, Staten Island A very interesting one-story bunga- low is the one shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and which has been built for Mr. Car- | ter, at Dongan Hills, Staten Island, from the plans of Henry Atterbury Smith, architect, of New York. This bungalow was built for thirty-two hun- . dred dollars complete and well dem- onstrates what can be done for a small amount of money. ‘The plans, first of all, were drawn with great care, for economy of space was one of the most 7—Mr. Edward B. Stratton’s Italian Bungalow at Clifton Heights, Massachusetts Before and After Its Restoration important considerations; and no room was wasted in un- matched sheathing, good building-paper, and shingles, which necessary hallways or improperly proportioned rooms. are treated with a weather-shingle stain on the walls, and a The site chosen for moss-green stain on the this bungalow is a choice one, which is just back of the Rich- mond County County Club, and being on a hill overlooking the Bay, it was necessary to arrange the various rooms so that a view roof. The trimmings are painted bottle- green and the sash cream-white. One of the thought- ful and studied econo- mies of the plan is the single chimney, and a single line of plumb- of the sea might be ing. The small en- obtained from the es ‘Secon FLoon PLAN : trance-porch has a windows. 8—A Covered Porch with a Living-Room is Quite the Feature of the Plan door opening into the iihere. “is ta “cellar living-room. ‘iis under the house, which has a brick underpinning, resting on a__ living-room has trimmings of whitewood, treated with a for- stone foundation. The exterior framework is covered with est-green effect, from which the walls mellow into a light-buff color, while the ceiling is of a lighter shade. The paneled seat at the side of the entrance, and the open fireplace, with brick facings and hearth, and mantel, are the simple features of this room. The dining-room is treated in a similar manner, with forest-green trim and buff walls. These two rooms form the nucleus of the plan. From the dining-room the _ kitchen is reached, and from the living-room the bedrooms and bathroom are con- nected by a long, narrow hall. Between the dining-room and the kitchen there is a small pantry with sink, and from this pantry a stair- way rises up to the second floor, which contains the servant's room and ample storage space. The kitchen is fitted with laundry-tubs, sink, range, and all the best modern Z a ae ie fel tm lat ‘tc : Lage 7 conveniences. The servants’ toile t at Th reached from the rear porch. TI , ges three bedrooms have white-pain = Mees trim and tinted walls. ‘The n room has a tiled floor and wai 9—The Living-Room is Open to the Roof and is Finished in Dark Wood ing, and is furnished with p 156 AMERICAN HOMES AND VOAR DENS September, 1906 The exterior walls of the superstructure, including the roof, is covered with shin- gles left to weather finish. The trimmings are painted white. The entrance is from the entrance-porch into the living-room, which is treated with white-painted trim and walls of Muresco green. It contains an open fireplace, with tiled facings and hearth and mantel of Colonial style. The dining- room is treated in a similar manner, and the whole house has a white-painted trim. A broad French win- dow opens onto the living- porch, which, in winter, is fixtures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. The cost inclosed with glass and heated. The ceiling of this porch is of this house included fly-screens, light-fixtures, gas- and plastered. The kitchen and servants’ quarters are trimmed 10—Mr. John Morton's Bungalow at Dongan Hills, Staten Island, Has Two Stories with Rooms in Each > BERS DiatNo Room Bep Room 11—The Plans Show an Elongated Arrangement of Rooms, with Sleeping-Rooms on the Second Floor coal-range, and also the exterior and interior decorations with North Carolina pine, treated with oil and varnish. The complete, together with all household accessories. three bedrooms on this floor are conveniently arranged, and Mr. John A. Morton's Bungalow at Dongan Hills Staten Island Another bungalow from the plans of the same archi- tect is the one built for Mr. Morton, also at Dongan Hills, Staten Island, and presented in Figs. 10, 11, T2rgecand «tase Wes planned on the elongated type, is sixty-four feet in length, and is on the bunga- low order of the modern- ized type, with a sleeping- suite of three rooms and bath on the first floor, and additional bedrooms, four in number, and bathroom on the second floor. There is a cellar under the house 12—A Feature of the Exterior is the Long Gambreled Roof, and the Piazza, which in with a brick underpinning. Winter is Inclosed with Glass September, 1906 room is character house itself, whic version. [he stud surfaced before bein; place; then came thi the outside of which placed a rough siding inches in width. ‘The on the inside is plaster tween the studding, giving the room a paneled eff The plaster is rough, and is in its natural color. The house is built entirely of California redwood with the exception of the floors, which are of Oregon pine, third quality, and stained to match the wood- work. To the left of the fireplace in the living-room is a French window, glazed with small lights, which forms an entrance into the court. During the heated term this court serves in several capacities—outdoor living-room, break fast- room, and frequently the 13—An Entrance Opens Into the Living-Room Which is Painted White with Walls of Muresco Green evening meal is enjoyed in this protected corner. At the back of the living-room the bathroom has porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated is a little hall which admits one to the bedroom to the right, plumbing. The second floor is treated in a similar manner. or to the kitchen to the left. The kitchen is treated in blue and white, and is fitted with Mrs. Nixon Hopkins s Bungalow at Pasadena, California all the best modern fixtures complete. The bedroom is pro- vided with a large closet fitted up with the usual hooks, The bungalow of Mrs. Nixon Hopkins, at Pasa- placed on strips, and shelf. The bathroom is off the bed- dena, Cal., as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, might with room, and is fitted with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- propriety be built in any sec- tion of the country, but it would, to a certain degree, lose some of its charm which is made possible by a climate where the plants and vines abige salways green. The house occupies a lot which faces mountainward and to the north. It is built with a brick underpinning, and the superstructure is cov- ered on the exterior frame- work with an_ eight-inch rough siding. The house is entered from a small porch, and after passing through the door, which is of Dutch character, one enters the large living-room — living- room and dining-room in one—and which occupies the main part of the front of the house. The living-room has three bay-windows with paneled seats. Opposite the front door is a large open fireplace, which is built of brick, with facings rising to the ceiling, and with a shelf of wood supported on cor- bel brackets. This living- 14—French Windows from the Dining-Room Open into the Living-Porch 158 MERICAN HOMES AND 4A DENS plated plumbing. hall a staircase leads to the (oars second floor, which contains a large bedroom and storage space. The living-room is furnished with antiques, with a rug of rags, and here and tl ire old Oriental one. The windows of the house are of the casement order, except those in the kitchen opening into the court, which would be in the way if they swung out. This particular bungalow is not an economical one for its size, but it boasts of originality. It costs twenty-five hundred dollars to build. Mr. J. J. Blick, of Pasadena, Cal., was the architect of this house. Mr. Edward Bouman Stratton’s Bungalow at Clifton Heights, Massachusetts The illustrations shown in Figs. 7, 8 and g, present a bungalow remodeled from a one-story building. It was Mr. Edward Bouman Stratton, one of Boston’s prominent archi- tects, who discovered this little building at Clifton Heights, Mass., as shown in Fig. 7, and who transformed it into the unique little bungalow, as shown in Fig. 7, and which now presents it in its completed form. The original cottage was a cheap little affair, though snug- gling in a delightful situation. ‘The site was a charming one, for it stood on rising land with wild surroundings and from the piazza of which broad vistas were obtained of the ocean, while in the foreground lie rugged gray rocks, tipped with low evergreens and beyond which lay the slope of the shore. When the cottage was first purchased by the present owner, it was a cheap affair, carelessly thrown together, one story in height, with a flat roof defined by a low rail. Viewing it from an artistic point of view, Mr. Stratton saw possibilities for improvement. The main building was raised from one story to two stories in height, additions were thrown out on three sides, covered and uncovered piazzas were most carefully planned and the whole just given the right architectural] touch to the unpre- tentious home. An unusual feature was then introduced in the formation of an open-air sleeping-room leading from the second floor and formed by an upper balcony. ‘The verandas are broad, affording lounging-places and good September, 1906 views. [hey are simply furnished with no attempt at decora- tive effects, save the low topiary trees which define the ver- anda line. The exterior is finished with clapboards. These are painted soft gray, showing shutters of green, and blending well with the rugged surroundings, for here little attempt has been made to beautify the natural wilderness. The entrance has a low, covered veranda. It opens into a large central room, which is living-room and hallway combined. This extends along one side of the house. It is open to the roof and finished in dark wood. The walls are covered in part with marine decorations. They show fish-nets and unique bits taken from sea-life, carefully placed to give the right treatment in relieving the dull monotony of the wood- work. The staircase starts at one side and leads, by low treads, to the inside balcony above, from which opens the sleeping- rooms. This gives good ventilation during the heated term, and adds materially to the uniqueness of this most attrac- tive bungalow. A prominent feature of the living-room is the large, open fireplace, built of brick, with wide, white-mortar joints and its mantel of nautical decorations. Here on a stormy night the drift-wood fire flickers on the hearth, lending its cheer to the interior. Opposite the fireplace is an ingle-nook with its brightly cushioned seat; the hangings of the room are of Oriental striped chintz. At the left of the main room is the dining-room. This is finished in dark wood. In one corner of the room are shelves on which are some old china and Delft ware, a household detail which is always of interest to home-makers. Opening from this is the snug little kitchen, compact, with everything placed for convenience; the fittings were carefully thought out by the owner. Above are the sleeping-rooms. These are well lighted and ventilated. They open out onto the inside balcony. Mr. Stratton in the reconstruction of this bungalow has ingeniously solved a problem in home-building which can but be beneficial to those of limited means, for from an ugly exterior, he has created a most happy effect with a com- paratively small outlay. Ai September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Garden of ““Avonwood Court, Estate of Charles E. Mather, E:sq Haverford, N ESTATE of twenty-nine acres is by no means large as suburban or country estates are counted, yet that it is possible to derive a great deal of pleasure from a domain so modest in extent and create upon it a spot of wonderful beauty has been demonstrated by Mr. Mather in his fine place of ‘** Avonwood Court,” at Haverford, Pa. WHaverford, as all the world should know, is one of the many suburban places that thrive along the famous ‘Main Line” of the Pennsylvania Railroad, just out- side of Philadelphia. It is hardly a town, for few of the sub- urban places on that giant thoroughfare have attained to that dignity. Such, doubtless, they were in their inception, or some of them, and for antiquity Haverford is as old as anything within boundaries of the commonwealth founded by William Penn. But the farmer and the local man of business have been all but uprooted from these places to-day ; the fair fields, the gentle slopes of hill, the rich, warm forests have been pre-empted for suburban places, all carried to a oes eee | Pennsylvania high degree of cultivation, and all, without exception, vironed with as beautiful a setting as the mind of man h: found available for his habitation. It was in such an environment, and exactly two hundred years after his ancestors had settled in Montgomery County, that Mr. Mather’s house was built. the house is therefore not new. This was in 1882, and But it is a charming and comfortable house, distinctly recalling English models in its design, and beautifully situated—ideally situated, for the development that has been given to the grounds. Than this house there is no more delightful place to visit in the early summer. A fine private road, maintained with scrupulous care, leads to a lane, which, in that season, is closely bordered on one side by a half mile or more of crimson rambler and other roses. Think of it! Roses as far as one can see; luscious, blooming roses for a half mile or more! It is one of the sights of Philadelphia suburbs, and it is well worth a visit to that city to be ravished by this splendid spectacle, which is as beautiful as it is rare. The House Rises as a Screen, with the Terraces Below. The Vine-Clad Walls Harmonize Finely with the Rich Vegetation of Garden 160 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 ent on the further side of the house, where the whole of the flower-garden is com- pletely visible from the doorway to the upper ter- race or from any of the windows on this side. The first impression is that of a vast sunken garden, for the garden is entirely below one. The next is that of a rich floral pattern spread out on the hillside. Both impres- sions are correct, although the latter is the true one. A sunken garden implies a certain artificiality in its situation, but the depths of this garden are _ wholly A Brick Wall, Bordered Below with Plants, Supports the Upper Terrace Next:the House These roses do not be- long to Mr. Mather, but he has the exceptional advant- age of living on the road which is decorated by them. Just at a turn, and some- what in a hollow, is the brick gateway that leads to his grounds. ‘The entrance- road plunges immediately into a dense wood, which not only utterly screens the house from outward view, but scarcely suggests a habi- tation at all. These woods are continued almost im- mediately to the entrance- court of the house. ‘They are wild and luxuriant, left in their natural state and without the cleaning up and manifest care that makes some woods seem almost un- natural. As yet the visitor has seen no garden and scarce a hint of cultivation and arrangement. The story is very differ- Brick Steps Descend to the Lower Terrace; Above is a Vine-Covered Archway with Steps on Either Side natural, since the hillside de- scends almost abruptly im- mediately below the house, and if there be the effect of a sunken garden it is only because it has been placed on a slope. Direct relationship _ be- tween the house and the gar- den is effected by means of two terraces, each provided with a central flight of steps. The upper terrace wall is completely covered with vines; the lower is bare in itself, but is ) paruy screened by plants growing at its base. Beyond is the formal garden proper, a Each Terrace Has its Flower Border of Hardy Blooming Plants vast rectangular space 1906 September, Peet CAN “ROMES AND GARDENS 161 Stately Trees Beyond the Northern Hedge Screen the Garden Wholly from Without bounded on two sides by a brick wall and on the third by a hedge. In the center of the formal garden is a sun-dial, on a low raised circular platform, in the midst of broad paths crossing at right angles. And then flowers, flowers everywhere. And all, if you please, hardy plants! For this is the great distinction of the garden of “ Avonwood Court,” that it is a garden of hardy flowers. ‘The statisticians of the estate will inform you that there are upward of two hundred varieties of hardy plants within this garden. The information is of moment as ex- pressing the great variety of such plants available for decora- tive purposes. But as a matter of fact the mere number is a point of comparative insignificance. The real matter of interest is the beauty of the blooming, the skill in the ar- rangement, the utilization of the various kinds of plants, trees, shrubs and bushes. All these matters have been well developed here, for a true succession of bloom has been arranged, so that from earliest spring until latest fall there is never a time without flowers, never a time when the garden, or any part of it, is bare and dead. It has required very good art to obtain this result, an art that must be studied, yet which gives no evi- dence of the care taken to obtain it. The boundaries of the garden completely hem it in and surround it, but they do not shut out the beauty without. A beautiful garden is insufficient without beautiful surround- ings. These the Mather garden have in abundance. Great stretches of green roll out on every side, bordered in the distance with stately growths of trees. The house over- looks a valley, spacious in size and gentle in its coverings. The garden is, in short, a beauty spot in a beautiful en- vironment, a spot planted with exquisite taste and main- tained in fine condition. The charming outlook, it is but simple truth to add, increases charm of the garden. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 Ox Pasture Hill The Home of Edward B. George, Esq., at Rowley, Massachuetts By Lilian Harrod RY X PASTURE HILL,” the summer home of fyi Edward B. George, Esq., is only thirty Ay miles from Boston, and as we alighted at =f) the little country station in Rowley and noted the river lazily wandering in and out among the marshes on its way to the sea, we thought we had indeed reached a fair and goodly coun- try. We thought so still more as we drove along the elm- shaded roads and up the slope of the hill on which stood this most attractive summer home. The house is designed to be the home of a gentleman of moderate means, but of artistic perceptions and desires. Simplicity throughout has been the keynote, and the house is neither a suburban residence, nor a farmhouse, nor an adap- tation of a city dwelling, but a simple, unostentatious coun- try home. It stands just underneath the crest of the hill, and the view of the surrounding country is far and unbroken on every side. To the south stretch green meadows, where purple shadows linger and the distant cow-bells tinkle musically across the meadows. ‘To the east is the blue line of the ocean, with here and there a white sail, touched for the instant by the glory of the departing day. To the north the white hills lift their stately peaks heavenward, all beautiful and serene. The exterior of the house is of brick. The color is a very dark, dull red, and the selected common brick was used with dark headers. The work was laid up in what is called Flemish bond with Portland-cement mortar, and after the mortar was set slightly the joints were raked out to a depth of one-half inch to three-quarters inch. The consequence is that the wall presents a texture which could not be obtained if the joints were filled and joined in the usual manner. Each brick counts for itself, and the fact that the bricks are rough is an advantage rather than a detriment, giving the wall- surface much the texture of a pencil-sketch. Wide, over- hanging eaves and broad, low dormers help to bring the scale of the house down close to the ground, and dignity is supplied by the tall columns and the pediment marking the center of the south front. The driveway leads up to the porte-cochére on the center of the north front, thus leaving the entire south unobstructed and giving an exquisite view from all the rooms, embracing the wide sweep from Cape Ann to the Monadnock Mountain. Every room in the house enjoys a considerable portion of this view, and every room, up-stairs and down, gets a full share of sunshine—the living-room being flooded with it, while the disposition of a Ld | paage HERE A White Painted Trim and Green Walls are the Prevailing Colors of the Hall September, 1906 Men tCAN PHOMES AND GARDENS 163 Simplicity is the Keynote of the Design of the House the plan allows the cool breezes ae of Poussin’s famous painting, representing a group of from either east or west to sweep = shepherds with their flocks, clustered about a ruined through the house. eee altar, upon which is the barely decipherable inscription The entrance-hall runs the “Et in Acadia ego,” (“I, too, have been in Arcady’’). whole depth of the house, from The mantel, which is of simple wood paneling, bears over the shelf an old-fashioned convex mirror of Colonial design. Arranged around three sides of the hearth are low stools, upholstered in Spanish leather, where one can sit and toast chestnuts or toes. On the opposite side of the room is a large settee of very similar but most luxuriant design, worked out to accom- modate at least six persons, with low extension at the front for foot-rests. Between the wide ;—= 7 western windows of LI = = ne the room, looking f ; ; ee ee ei] toward Haverhill, is : tie LL a cast of the beautiful ) ~ dancing-girl from the | Berlin Museum. PLAN - && - Fin sT~ FLoor- soo KITCHEN PIAZZA LIVING - ROOM AALL LIBRARY DINING ROOM front to back, and is sixteen feet wide. On the left of the entrance is the living-room, twenty-five feet square, with large windows on three sides and a high fireplace and chimney-corner toward the north. The fireplace is large enough to take a small load of logs, and in the winter time a roaring fire is kept here, which abundantly heats the whole room with- out any help from the furnace. The fireplace is itself a quaint design, carried out in rough brick, and over the fireplace opening is a clever adaptation September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 164 “22% © fF “ Pa ra td jar i oS An Adaptation of Poussin’s Painting, Representing a Group of Shepherds and Their Flocks, is the Decoration Above the Fireplace in the Living-Room ster, with its Quaintly Shaped Tester and its Antique Quilt, is the Interesting Feature of the Guest-Room Oo our-P AF September, 1906 The walls of the room are covered with burlap stained a dull, clear red color, relieved with a broad stripe. The hall adjoining has a similar striped burlap, but in a clear, golden yellow. The finish in the hall and in the living-room both is white-enameled paint. ‘The hall likewise has a neat fireplace in the corner near the entrance. The fireplace itself is built of concrete, in which are set some small boulders taken from a neighboring hill. In the hearth are set three rounded, polished brass disks, and around the edge of the hearth, con- tinuing up the sides and across the fireplace, is a narrow, quivering band of clear glass mosaic. vee ce AN SEEONMES AND GARDENS cases, in which are stored rare volumes of the world’ the poets, the histories, and, in fact, a collection o such as is rarely found in a country home. ‘The « all stained a very dark antique oak, and the furnitur: to match. The ceiling overhead is crossed by heavy bea dark oak, springing from broad corbels on the sides. On t face of each corbel is painted in clear colors a reproduction o book-marks or coats of arms of the world’s famous pul lishers. southern window, and here is hung a glass mosaic in tones There is a broad seat on front of the generous of deep green and blue, representing a stately old-fashioned he ed — Serre ee EE HE eee The Dining-Room Has a Green Striped Wall Covering, Mahogany Furniture and a Banjo Clock Above the mantel-shelf is a broad, simple panel of flowered mahogany, dark and rich in tone, serving in the background for the bust of Donatello’s inscrutable, unknown lady, resting on a soft ivory-toned bracket in the center of the mahogany panel. ‘The fireplace opening is carried very high, but filled in from the top down part way with a simple grille of wrought iron, in which are set small panes of transparent mica, so that the eye can follow the flames from the fire clear up to the throat of the chimney. The doors leading from the hall are all of crotch-veneer mahogany, of most beautiful flowered grain in single piece, without paneling or molding. At the right of the hall is the library, representing the owner’s inner convictions and containing his choicest treas- ures. ‘The walls are lined from floor to ceiling with book- galleon sailing over the ocean, with the inscription around the outside of the picture paraphrased from Longfellow, ‘Sail home, my ship, deep freighted with blessings and hope.”’ Beside the window is a very interesting fireplace, built en- tirely of beaten copper, treated so as to bring out the irri- descent blues, reds and purples. The hearth is built of quaint old Moravian tiles, with black-letter inscriptions, book-devices and other interesting bits on the various pieces. The book- cases are carried across the top of the mantel on a sweep, and the broad shelf is supported by a single corbel carved with a head of a monk reaching out over an open book, the Friar Tuck of Robin Hood, a figure that typifies scholastic learning tempered by a due regard for the more materi things of this world. 166 The Entrance to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 a Country Place By John A. Gade om] HOSPES,” the Roman inscribed on pavement of his Fauces. He wished to emphasize the character of the greeting which would be tendered the stranger cross- ing his threshold. ‘This expression, how- ever rendered, of generous admission, of wide and easy access, of unhesitating, open-armed hospitality, is, | believe, an important quality for the owner, architect, or landscape-gardener to mark when considering the entrance to a country estate. ‘The smallest, unpretending latch gate, as well as the most magnificent iron grillage, are equally capable of hitting or missing the expression of this feeling. The ampler means within reach of the architect and the landscape-gardener for such expression were not known when the little monastic institution was first founded, but the passer-by was none the less pleasantly impressed by the naive inscription interlaced in its gates: ‘ , 7 A *“ Where’ er thou art, where’ er thou roam, A greeting, traveler, within this home!’’ What is now the most fitting and practical manner of ex- pressing the quality referred to in a twentieth century Ameri- can country entrance? First, I believe it is in making the approach neither too small nor too abrupt. Secondly, in the case of a large estate, the entrance must be in keeping with the grounds and surroundings, and in a small one har- mony must be equally sustained. Fifty feet of Newport lawn do not need gateways which look appropriate at the end of Bushy Park or the Cour d’Honneur at Versailles. The The Entrance Should Be in Keeping proper relationship of the entrance to what it leads to and from is most vital if there is to be no dissonance. ‘There must be plenty of room for vehicles to pass each other, with- out any danger of the wheels cutting the lawns at the sides; for this, fourteen feet of driveway is none too much, sixteen to twenty is generous and consequently better. “Chere must, further, be separate paths for pedestrians, for symmetry one on each side of the broad, central axis, of sufficient width for two persons to walk comfortably side by side, and safely separated or raised from the central driveway. ‘The laying out of the drive and paths from the gate to the house is naturally determined, to a great extent, by the lay of the land and site of the house and roads, but the character of the house should also be taken into consideration. ‘The charm of a sudden glimpse of the house, as you abruptly turn a corner of the drive, may linger as ineftably among delight- ful architectural memories as the dignified Elizabethan court- yard awaiting you from afar at the end of a stately avenue of oaks—old, weather-beaten sentinels, that time the steps of your approach. As a general rule, however, you will not go far wrong, if grades allow, in considering the most direct line from the country road to the front door the best one to aim at. Likewise, the more imposing your architecture the straighter should your avenue be. Put your front door in the center of your home and aim straight for it. Grades are of the greatest importance and especially at the entrance. They should all be gradual and easy. Nothing is more un- fortunate in a country place than to have placed your en- trance at such a point that you are forced to squirm or shoot with the Grounds and Surroundings — ———— September, 1906 The More Imposing the Architecture, the Steaichter Should Be the Road your motor in at its first gear or drive your horses up to the front door all winded and blown. Widen your entrance so that you hardly feel the turning of your wheels. A frequent and felicitous method of doing this is by breaking the angle formed by the entrance proper and the road outside by a semicircular or elliptical transition, flanked perhaps by gate lodges or masonry, or the whole semicircle bordered by a design of gates, posts, wall and buildings, forming a unit converging toward the central feature of the main entrance. I emphasize the importance of effacing all suggestion of abruptness. By this I mean there must never be too marked a difference between the entrance and the surrounding land- scape. One need neither lose importance nor emphasis by an intelligent use of the correct materials and the right scheme. Nothing could be more harmonious or in better keeping with the environs than certain entrances in which the natural materials at hand have been employed in their con- ‘cor 3 An Unbroken Avenue of Trees is Better Than a Fence AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 167 Roads Should Be Laid Out to Suit the Character of the Surrounding Land struction; the rubble wall, with the stones and boulders gath- ered from the adjoining fields, and similar in character, tone and effect to the walls separating lots of the adjoining countrysides, has perhaps been merely laid up with greater care, often laid dry, without any cement whatever, or cap- stone, or coping—this built without too abrupt a curve or high a transition into your gateposts or arches—while over the whole creep tendrils from the vines which for centuries have covered the adjoining rocks. If you can thus work hand in hand with nature, trying to blend your efforts with hermar- vels, the opportunity should never be lost. In a similar way simple and happy effects may be attained by entering an un- pretentious place through a gateway of rough posts and sticks, the arch or trelliswork covered with wistaria, crimson rambler, honeysuckle, or ivy, which will soon disguise all but its own glory. If your gateway or entrance is so near the house that the two may be comprised at a glance I believe it is often suc- The Curve Should Not Be Too Abrupt 168 cessful to make the former recall the material of the latter. for instance, be of brick and limestone, of Georgian or Colonial design, strike the note at once, as you enter, and you are not so liable to fail. If it is merely a Should your house, cottage let the woodwork of your en- modest little shingle AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 of the gates must be detailed with sufficient strength not to look “‘ spindly ”’ beside the bolder material. In regard to the borders along your property lines and entrance, I confess that no architect’s designs seem to me equal to those formed by nature’s own hands. No spiked The Entrance Should Be Wide Enough for Two Vehicles to Pass Each Other trance-gate correspond in details, moldings and _ feeling. What could be more horrible than the Strozzi lanterns strad- dling, bald and naked, over the woodwork of a Coloniai post? Heavy stone or iron work should never be superposed on woodwork. What would have happened to the world had Atlas’ shoulders been of sawdust? Wooden gates may be supported by stone or brick posts, because the posts are the points demanding strength, in reality as well as in feeling. They are the points d’appui. Even then, the woodwork and gilded fence can bear comparison with a thick hedge ot unbroken yew or an avenue of pine or beech trees. No gate- way can inclose or open into a place with the magnificent spread of a well-chosen and banked mass of properly selected trees and shrubs. Who would, for a moment, compare the entrance-gates of the Giusti Gardens to the entrance of the second garden level, through the majestic portal of laurel, myrtle, cypress and olive? In our American country estates, as well as in our parks and public playgrounds, we have Rpt 25 aig : He ne aceon te mE The Natural Materials at Hand May Be Employed with Good Effect September, 1906 manifold examples of the finest adaptation of shrubs and trees to truly scenic screenwork effects, the character of eacn growth correctly strengthening, barring, or grading, while the avenues and walks are bordered and friezed with fine trees standing as compact and straight as Prussian soldiers on parade. If you are not limited by cost in laying the bed of your drive I would advise the following: Thoroughly underdrain the road by open joint drain tile, laid underground, or by deep side gutters. This will keep the roadbed and its founda- tions dry; a most important factor in road building. — First, remove all top soil and loose earth, forming the foundations OK — oe = vetoes There Must Be Ample Room for Vehicles and, if Possible, Separate Paths for Pedestrians to a crown of six inches to each ten feet of road width; lay over this a layer, six inches thick, of broken limestone or trap rock, of a size to pass through a 3-inch ring; over this again a layer three inches thick of broken limestone or trap rock, of a size to pass through a 1 %-inch ring; cover the whole with clean limestone screenings, free from dust. Where the bottom is soft it is good practice to roll a thin layer of stone. Crown the surface of the road one and one-half inches for each foot in width of road. The best packed and hardest rolled road needs careful draining if its surface is not soon to be washed away, prob- ably involving the destruction of the bordering grass. A dry sand drain along each side may serve the purpose; better AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 169 ] | still, a gutter of pebbles, carefully laid on edge and clos packed together, or a brick gutter, with sides of single rows of brick slanting toward a third course laid flat and forming the bottom. Best of all is a concrete gutter, made of 3 pounds of Portland cement to three barrels of coarse, shary sand, finished with one inch of mortar, mixed of 300 pound of Portland cement to one and one-half barrels of sand. The bed should be nowhere less than three inches in thickness, its grade not less than one-fourth of an inch to the foot, and its drains not too far apart. Where the grade is steep and the wash liable to be heavy the drains should naturally be closer than for a slight incline. The gratings protecting the drains should like- wise be suffciently close to hinder all possibility of the pipes becoming choked. Protect your grass as far as possible. You are never safe from careless driving. The _ butcher-boy may be dozing as he turns the curve of your entrance, where an ugly gash in the sod is most visible. Protect likewise your gate-posts, if they are not of masonry, or if they have sharp or . gt molded angles and : ices: Bf a corners. nee pro- tect pedestrians, in case there is no side path. Make the drive sufficiently wide for carriages to pass them in the road without bespat- tering them with mud or coating them with dust. They should never be forced to take ref- uge in the grass, which may be soak- ing wet. Placing the name of your “estate’’ on the gates or gate- posts is a more com- mon custom in England than in America, though we are, and I believe fortunately, gradually ridding ourselves of the idea that there is anything pretentious about it. The most modest dog answers to some name or other, and why not our fireside, however humble it may be? Should your gates be of iron nothing could be more appropriate than to interlace the name with its scrollwork; on wood it should be painted, but if it is to appear on masonry cut it in or raise it as part of the stone itself. Copper, iron or bronze letters will show stains after some exposure to the weather. A name is as capable of expressing to ourselves and the passers-by our individual fancy or pride as the rampant supporters and arms on European gate-posts and much more sensibly, perhaps, and truly more 7 | directly. In arriving in front of your house—and especially (S- »y ? Ve o4 x ‘ 170 if it has wide, projecting wings— remember that there must be plenty of room for the clumsiest whip to approach and drive away from the front door or porch or platform without feeling cramped. The oval or circle in front of a good-sized house should never have a radius of less than thirty feet. Leave room for the driver to back his vehicle up as well as to approach. When a house is some distance from the entrance trade-wagons as well as house-traps will probably all enter through one gate. Let there be no doubt at the point where the service entrance branches off, which road leads to the front door and which to the kitchen, but make the turning-off of the inferior as un- noticeable as practical, screening its course with proper planting, thus making it part of the grounds rather than a continuance of the drive, and lessen its width, notice- ably from that of the main artery leading to the front door. Above all, the true purpose of the entrance to a country place should not be forgotten. ingress worthy of the residence to which it leads, designed in proper keeping with the atmosphere of that residence and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS It should provide a means of with the character of the surrounding country. September, 1906 ites “J % a oi i i ‘ss Lh. a a» & A “Dreamwold” Gateway The archi- tectural fitness of its decorations should be governed largely by these considerations. The Citizen's Part in Civic Betterment civic betterment: he must do what he can. It is never wise to try to do too much; it is not always an advantage to seek leadership; it is certainly most undesirable to undertake too much. In public work, even more than in private work, it is the wise man who will limit his activities to what he can actually perform; for failure in such work is often more conspicuous than in personal matters, and there are always many men waiting to do, as they think, better than you what you may have tried your best at, and failed in. Work for civic betterment is work for the whole com- munity. It is work that helps your neighbor just as much as it does you. You in your turn derive valuable returns from his efforts, and so on throughout the whole community. It is not personal work, nor private, but it is public work for the public, work of value to the public of the present and of the future. It is a work, therefore, that combines the per- sonal and the philanthropic. It is work well worth doing, and it is work every one should take part in. The citizen owes it to himself and to his community to do what he can in this work. If he plants a row of trees along unoccupied property, he will be able to dispose of it, after a term of years, at a greater advantage than if he had not planted the trees. His neighbor across the way gains by this planting. ‘The purchaser of the land gains by it. The whole community is a gainer. And there is always something one can do. The range of civic betterment is almost without limit. It is concerned with many activities and with many forms of activities. Its scope is so varied that one can always find opportunity for cultivating one’s own special taste or interest while helping one’s community, be one’s tastes what they may. One’s interest can always be maintained in one’s personal specialty. The bettering of conditions is noble work. It is uplift all along the line, for everything and for everybody. The end and aim of all this effort is betterment. It is not one definite object looked forward to, one result sought, then no more labor. It means continuous effort. The successful realiza- tion of one plan means the laying of another. The work progresses as a chain, each new link being forged onto an older one, and so on indefinitely. Hence the work calls for many laborers. Civic better- ment is a very diffused subject. It is concerned with plans for the city and with plans for the country. It is concerned with things material and things immaterial. It looks for- ward and outward in every direction. It needs men and women all the time, everywhere, doing everything, labor- ing unceasingly, bringing what gifts of service they may to the altar of public improvement. Some will escape this service, some will not know what to do or that there is any- thing to do. Others will profit by the ideas and the exertions of others. It can not be helped. There always have been such people and probably always will be. The earnest citizen, intent on his own good work, will not be turned aside by such worthless fellows. There is work to do and it be- hooves all good citizens to do what they can of it. September, 1906 mPvteERLCAN HOMES’ AND GARDENS 17 1 ‘ The 125th Anniversary of the Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown By Allen Desaix EITHER the sensational engagement at Bunker Hill, with its ominous significance, the meaning of which was not lost in either England, America or the Continent, nor the disastrous surrender of Burgoyne at Sara- toga, nor, in fact, any event of the Revolu- tion could equal in transcendant interest the Yorktown Cam- paign. It possesess all the qualities upon which to build a dramatic creation of the highest significance. There we find the well-developed plot, all the elements of surprise, military strategy of the highest order and a striking culmination just before the curtain drops. There is no dragging of the plot. The story moves along smoothly, with suf- ficient element of uncertainty and doubt, and there is no minor climax at the end. Now that we are about reaching the one hundred and twenty-fifth anniversary of the event it is well, perhaps, to refresh our memories in regard to some of the prin- cipal features of the event. The Prelude took place at Weathersfield, Conn., when Washington and the Count de Rochambeau met to talk over the plans of campaign. It will be recalled that the original plan provided for a joint attack of the allied armies of France and the United Colonies upon New York City, which was held by Sir Henry Clinton, at that time Commander-in-Chief of the British forces. With a view to carrying out these operations, which were intended to be in the nature of a surprise of the forts upon upper Manhattan Island and the subsequent reduction of the city, the two armies were brought together at Dobbs Ferry, where finally the whole campaign was modified as a result of important information received from the South. Lord Cornwallis had been con- ducting a spirited cam- paign in Virginia against Lafayette, who was in command of the Conti- nentals, in co-operation with Baron Steuben and Anthony Wayne, and the troops under them. One object of Washing- Monument Erected in 1881 in Commemoration of the Surrender of the British Army Under Lord Cornwallis in 1781 —4 ton’s projected manoeuvres against New York was to compel Clinton to withdraw from Virginia a part of Cornwallis’s forces. The latter had been forcing the game against his youthful antagonist, who had acted with rare discretion for one of his impetuous French nature. Washington’s theory proved to be correct. Cornwallis, following instructions from the North, withdrew toward Portsmouth, and later to York and Gloucester, so as to be ready to support Clinton by water in case of necessity. At the same time most important news was received from the sea. Count de Grasse was stationed in the West Indies with some thirty ships of the line and with quite a body of land forces. The despatches from de Grasse disclosed the fact that he was sailing from St. Domingo on the third of August and would go direct to the Chesapeake. “The Commander-in-Chief at once changed the whole plan of campaign and decided to proceed with the least possible delay to Virginia, with the hope of enveloping Cornwallis, while de Grasse es- tablished a blockade by sea. Lafayette was instructed, with the aid of such troops as might be landed by de Grasse, to draw the net quietly around Cornwallis before he would have time to suspect the peril of his position, and to hold him in check in case he tried to escape, until such time as the army from the North could arrive. In the meantime, with consummate strategy, the preparations for the attack upon New York were con- tinued with ostentatious assiduity. The allied armies were ferried safely across the Hudson and the march through the Jerseys begun. The French army crossed at Stony Point and marched through Whippany for Trenton, while the American army marched to Springfield. The pretense of investing New York was car- ried on by the carrying of ba- teaux forthe re- crossing of the Hudson, and the building of ovens on the Jersey shore, opposite Staten 172 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Island, where preparations were made for a great camp. At the same time a road was cleared toward Kings Bridge, as if an at- tack at that point was con- templated. Letters setting forth the plan of campaign against New York were al- lowed to fall into the hands of the enemy. The whole farce was admirably played, and none were more de- ceived than the allied troops themselves. Not until New Brunswick had been passed was the real destination known to the army. The course followed by the army in its march through Jersey and the sub- sequent events are quaintly told in an unpublished man- uscript journal of Col. Jonathan Trumbull, son of Gov. Trumbull, of Con- necticut, who was _ aide-de- camp to Washington and his military secretary. On August 24th Wash- ington with Count de Ro- chambeau visited West Point. On the 25th he made his headquarters at “‘Rama- paugh” (Ramapo). On the 26th he moves to Pompton, and reaches Chatham in the evening—a long day’s ride. about noon. ver Z Book-plate of Washington — On the 27th he rides to Spring- field, where he is joined by General Lincoln and his troops, but returns in the evening to Chatham. General and family (i. e., his military aides, etc.) leave Chatham, proceed to Princetown (sic), where we meet Count Rochambeau and suite, dine together and ride to Trenton, where we sleep.” August 30: ‘Leave Trenton, breakfast at Bristol and arrive at Philadelphia Alight at the Tavern amid crowds of people and shouts of acclamation, all wondering — ; S| ES oe Lon’ VR MASS} Portrait of Washington, Painted by John Trumbull, in 1780, and Engraved in Mezzotint by Valentine Green in 1781. This Portrait Belonged to M. de Neufville, of Amster- dam, but was Lost for Nearly a Hundred Years, Until Discovered in London Several Years Ago and Brought to this Country. It is Now in a Private Collection in New York City “On August 29 the informal. City z The Right Honorable Charles Earl Cornwallis General and Commander of His Majesty's Forces inSouth Carolina. After C. Knight's Engraving of Sir Joshua Reynold’s Portrait Nig ») ) Cha: Cornwallis I2Cornwallis September, 1906 the design of this visit. We are quartered with Mr. Morris, financier, where we dine this day.”” August 31: “In Philadelphia. Dine with the Minister of France. Great company and great parade.” There was a wide con- trast between the two armies as they marched through Philadelphia. The Amer- ican army passed through the city on September 2, the oficers being in the Conti- nental uniform, but the men were only part of them in uniform, and these were tattered and torn and told the sad tale of the suffer- ings and privations during the long period of the war. The army extended over a distance of two miles in length and the men marched to the tune of the fife and drum. In spite of their dusty and careworn appear- ance, they were greeted with enthusiasm by the loyal citi- zens of the Quaker City. On the following day the same streets were lined by the same crowds to wel- come the more imposing array of the French army, with their brilliant uniforms of white faced with green, and led by a full military band. The scene must have been very impressive. The brief sojourn in Philadelphia proved to be the occa- sion for much entertaining, and the General and his staff were kept busy with a variety of social functions, formal and Dinners were given by Mr. Reed, President of Congress. Colonel Trumbull makes note in his journal that he “drank tea with Mrs. Morris at her bower in the country.” Washington was again entertained at dinner by the French minister, while General —~ & Book-plate of Cornwallis September, 1906 his staff were received by Robert Morris. Preparations for leaving Philadelphia were in progress, but ‘“‘much anxiety and speculation’’ were felt because no news was received concern- ing the French fleet, while it was learned that an English fleet was steering southward. On September 5th Washington left Philadelphia, but had only gone a few miles beyond Chester when an express was met, with the news that Admiral de Grasse’s fleet had arrived in Chesapeake on August 26th—“‘news strangely delayed, but welcome.”’ ‘The General returns to Chester, to rejoice with Count de Rochambeau, who was coming down by water. We communicate the joy to Congress.” At a banquet given in honor of the visiting officers by the French Minister, the Chevalier de Luzerne, on the same evening the glorious tidings of the arrival of de Grasse and his fleet were announced, and it now seemed as if the last link in the complete chain of events had been When the illustrious party arrived successfully forged. SrXTH fp haf ee banshee Meter. ll ¥26~ Facsimile of a Page of Manuscript from Washington Irving's “Life of Washington,” Describing the Surrender of Yorktown =z ; ~ = THE _ Nea RSR A Tol. VE : OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR HENRY CLINTON, K. B, RELATIVE TO HIS Cee ORNS eDe Us Cir 1: PART OF HIS COMMAND OF THE KING’: TROOPS NORTH AMERICA, Particularly to that which refpeéts the unfortunate Iffue of the Campaign in 1781. WiTH aN AP Pick D= 1° x, CONTAINING COPIES and EXTRACTS of thofe Parts of his Cotrefpen< * dence with = LORD GEORGE GERMAIN, EARL CORNWALLIS, REAR ADMIRAL GRAVES, &, Which are referred to therein. EDITION. a LONDON: Printed for J. DEBRETT: (Succefforto Mr. ALM@N) oppohte us Burlington-houfe, Piccad'lly, 1753- The Surrender of Cornwallis Led to an Acri- monious War of Words Between Sir Henry Clinton and Lord Cornwallis. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 173 one familiar with the impressive appearance of our old-time warships will appreciate what a sight must have greeted the beholder as he stood by the shore of the York River. On the heights above floated the Union Jack and the redoubts of Yorktown and Gloucester were dotted here and there by redcoats. In most of the important events of the war there was an entire absence of dramatic effects. At the affair of Trenton and Princeton there was, on the one hand, a well- equipped army, but their opponents were only some of them in uniforms and most all of them in rags. Not so, however, at the siege of Yorktown. Not only were there three separate armies, but the fleet in the harbor added a luster to the pageant. It must have been an interesting sight to see the three flags of what were to be the three leading powers on earth floating on the breeze over their three encampments: the red banner, which had been for so many years the emblem under which so many of the Continentals themselves had fought in former days and which had been the flag of ee o LLLP Fc Tht fora “cy ! 2feriprden co Ba Dit Hoxd sally, tam ? FLD PIS fay 2 aay Bi fot Agia ge cr tility ed Kab comen —| Japeéd LSE Cee Gora) |» er five: ha gece ow Jia frost . of lh lbptek. Hers, Thefpoeg . tor StrD Le, aa 4- Mita Ly Fa bapPalaton, te Me patti thy ee / Vth Lyregfendened Nephi gpa — or, iufleener, fry foviry laa — ie 4 mi | A GH Mata (ry uty Bi | A Page From the Diary of Colonel Jonathan Trumbull, Aide-de-Camp to Washington and Brother of Colonel This is a Fac- John Trumbull, the Artist simile of the Title-page, “‘ Clinton's Narrative,” and is from Washington’s Library. wallis’s Reply” is Bound in the Same Volume and also Bears Washington’s Autograph in Baltimore there was great rejoicing, followed by illuminations and speeches. On September 9th Washington, accom- panied only by Colonel Humphrey, left Baltimore early in the morning and reached Mount Vernon that same evening, hav- ing covered a distance of sixty miles, a long day’s ride for any one not of powerful mold, especially when we consider the wretched state of the roads in those days. The Count de Ro- chambeau arrived at Mount Vernon the following evening, and on the 11th “General Chastellux arrived with his aides— a numerous family now present, all accommodated, an elegant seat and situation, great appearance of opulence and real exhibition of hospitality and princely entertainment.” The arrival of the French fleet aroused Cornwallis from his dream of fancied security, and he formed several plans of escape, which circumstances compelled him to abandon, and he was obliged to content himself with urgent despatches to Clinton to send him reinforcements. When the officers and troops entered the Harbor of York a view presented itself which probably had not been equaled since the breaking out of the Revolution. The fleet of de Grasse comprised some thirty-two ships of the line, and any “ Corn- Washington during the Braddock cam- paign: the newly devised flag of the Colonies, with its thirteen stripes and its circle of thirteen stars, and the magnificent banner of Louis XVI, with its field of blue and its royal arms. On arriving at the scene of operations the General and staff were entertained at dinner in turn by the Marquis de St. Simon, in command of the troops landed from the French fleet, by the Marquis de Lafayette and by Baron Steuben. Plans were made for visiting the French Admiral on the 19th. This important event is described as follows: “Got alongside the Admiral about 12 o’clock. Go on board. Received with great ceremony and military naval parade, and most cordially welcomed. The Admiral, a re- markable man for size, appearance and plainness of address. Compliments over, business is proposed and soon despatched to great satisfaction, after which dinner is served, and then we view the ship and see her batteries and accommodations— a noble prospect—the world in miniature.” As the distinguished visitors leave they are “saluted by the Admiral’s guns and the manning of all the ships of the fleet, who, from the yard-tops, etc., give us their 174 several ‘‘Feu de Joyes”’ or “Vive le Roy.” The story of the siege has been so often told that it is necessary to give only the barest outline now. The first parallel be- fore Yorktown was opened on October 6 by General Lincoln. Five days later the second parallel was opened by Baron Steu- ben’s division, bringing the besiegers within three hundred yards of the enemy’s works. The cannonading and firing were almost continuous, and it was learned that great damage was being done to the town. The house of Governor Nelson, of Virginia, was one of the conspicuous landmarks within the enemy’s lines which suffered greatly, and principally through the orders of Goy- ernor Nelson himself, who believed his mansion to have been the headquarters of Lord Cornwallis, and therefore ordered the gunners to direct their fire especially to that point. Governor Nelson is one of those splendid patriots whose name has not been sufficiently venerated by posterity. In ad- dition to this evidence of unselfishness, he pledged most of his private fortune, which was considerable, to raise a regiment of six hundred troops, which he commanded in person at the siege. Perhaps the most dramatic feature of the siege was the assault upon two redoubts which had proved very trouble- some to the besiegers and had infiladed their intrenchments and rendered part of the second parallel untenable. The assault upon one of the redoubts was entrusted to the Marquis de Lafayette and his American troops, while the other was led by the Baron de Viomenil. The latter in his assault lost about a third of his men. The American assault was led by Alexander Hamilton, who was the first to mount the walls Cornwallis’s Cave, which, According to Tradition, was Used by Cornwallis as a Shelter During the Bombardment; There is No His- torical Evidence in Support of This Theory of the parapet. The capture of these two redoubts ren- dered Cornwallis’s position untenable, and on October 17th a white flag appeared with a letter to Washington, asking for terms of capitulation. Commissioners were appointed, and, after two days of negotiations, the Articles of Capitu- lation were drawn up and signed, and at two o’clock on the same day the proud army of Cornwallis marched out of Yorktown with shouldered arms, their colors cased and drums beating, between two long lines of the allied armies. Washington, attended by his staff, stood mounted AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 The Custom House in Yorktown is Claimed to be the Oldest One in the United States in front of the American army, and Rochambeau with his suite was at the head of the French army. ‘The sight must have been an imposing one indeed. General O’Hara on horseback marched at the head of the British army, consisting of seven thousand two hundred and fifty men and eight hun- dred and forty seamen, advanced to Washington, bowed and explained that Lord Cornwallis was not able to be present on account of indisposition. “he Commander-in-Chief indicated General Lincoln as the officer who was to receive the sub- mission of the garrison. ‘The latter were marched into a field where they left their arms and then marched back to Yorktown, where they were put under guard. In the evening a banquet was given, to which Lord Cornwallis was invited, but he excused himself on account of his health. General O’Hara, how- ever, dined at headquarters, and the event must have proved an interesting one, as our chronicler states that it was very “‘social and easy.” Shaft Erected to Mark the Field Where the Surrender Took Place September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 175 Teo Sketch Made by Colonel John Trumbull, on the Field at Yorktown, in 1791, as a Study for His Painting of the Surrender at Yorktown but, The good news of the great event spread through the coun- try like wildfire, and Congress, in recognition of its deep joy and gratitude, passed a vote of thanks to the great leaders in the allied armies and voted two stands of colors to Washing- ton, two pieces of field ordnance to de Rochambeau and de Grasse, and also decreed that a marble column should be erected in Yorktown to commemorate the event. It seems strange that a century should have passed before this last act should have been carried out. On the same day that Yorktown surrendered, which, by the way, was the fourth anniversary of the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, Sir Henry Clinton set sail from New York with a powerful fleet of twenty-five ships of the line and ten frigates and an army of picked veterans, seven thou- sand strong. He arrived at Yorktown five days later, finding the capitulation had already taken place, sailed back again to New York and despatched the news of the catas- trophe to England. The significance of the event was well expressed by Lord North, when the news reached him, for he threw his arms wildly in the air and exclaimed, “It is all over! It is all over!” Notre.—The various objects reproduced in facsimile in connection with this article form part of a collection of Revolutionary material belonging to a private collector in New York. It may be of interest to note that on the same shelf with the book illustrated above, from Washington’s Library, is a copy of ‘‘Sir H. Clinton’s Narrative,’’ from his library and bearing his autograph. The Controversy between the two British leaders was of the most venomous character, and as a study of invective nothing could be more illuminating than a perusal of the ‘‘ Reply of Lord Cornwallis’? to Sir Henry Clinton’s Narrative. Nelson House, the Residence of Governor Thomas Nelson of Virginia, Who Commanded the Virginia Militia at the Siege and Directed the Fire of the Gunners at His Own Mansion Under the Supposition that it Was Lord Cornwallis’s Headquarters 176 AMERICAN HOMES: AND RGARGD ENS September, 1906 A New Apple-Tree Pest in California By Enos Brown Parajo Valley, which embraces portions of Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, constitutes the greatest apple-growing district in all that part of the country lying west of the Rocky Mountains. Its con- tiguity to the ocean and the richness and fertility of the soil render the conditions ideal for apple culture. The fruit grows to such astonishing size and at- tains such surpassing flavor that it is largely exported. In all there are 1,000,000 trees growing on 812,000 acres of land and 100,000,000 pounds of the fruit are shipped every year. The culture of the apple has been extremely profit- able. ‘The orchardists reaped large returns until the intro- duction of the codlin moth from the east, when the orchards became badly infected with the devastating insect. The attempts of growers to extirpate the pest proved futile and the aid of the general government and the University of California was solicited and obtained. The life history of the moth under California environ- ments was carefully investigated by the scientists and its habits studied with such success that full control of the pest was effectually gained and its ravages controlled. ‘The sea- son for spraying, or the exact moment when the application of arsenical solutions was most destructive to the moth and its progeny, was ascertained and other methods of preven- tion discovered, so that with reasonable care and industry on the part of the orchardists the dreaded enemy of the apple was divested of its power to harm and its destructive- ness almost entirely curbed. The loss to the orchard was reduced from sixty-seven per cent. to less than five. No sooner, however, had the codlin moth been disposed of than another pest made its appearance upon which Tussock Larve Collecting Under a Tangle- foot Band. A Useless Device Muslin Bag Breeding-Cage arsenical solutions had no effect and which was more destruc- tive than the codlin moth. In 1903 the new moth began to be noticed and was recog- nized as the identical one which devastated the orchards as far back as 1887, sixteen years before, when it appeared for one season only and then vanished after leaving unmistak- able traces of its capacity to harm. The reason for its early disappearance after its first visit could not be explained but is believed to have been due to the attack of a natural enemy which the entomologists hope to rediscover. Scientists have named the new caterpillar the ‘“Hinero- campa-vestuta,” though the local name is the ‘“Tussock’”’ moth. Popularly it is called the “California caterpillar.” It is said to be not of record in current scientific publi- cations. [The new and formidable apple pest is said by entomologists to be a native of California. The “‘tussock” moth as studied at the laboratory at Wat- sonville, by Professor Volk, of the University of California, is described as appearing in limited numbers in the Pajaro District in 1903, when it first attracted attention. A year later its numbers were prodigiously increased and the strongest arsenical sprays were powerless to arrest its ravages The tussock moth deposits its egg, in May or June, in masses a quarter of an inch in diameter, each containing 200 to 250 each, surrounded by the usual web. ‘These balls are de- posited all over the tree on twig and branch and the eggs are hatched in the succeeding February or March. The only effective method found for reducing the numbers of the pest is to hand-pick the egg balls off the tree, and so vast are the numbers that from the trees of one orchard covering sixty acres, one hundred boxes, each holding a bushel were taken. ‘This almost incredible story is vouched for by Pro- a ae i a. | Laboratory-Cage for Studying Life History and Habits of the Tussock Caterpillar September, 1906 Tussock Larvee at Work fessor Volck. ‘The tussock moth develops into the caterpillar state in sixty days and remains in the pupa state twenty days. The adult begins laying its eggs as soon as it emerges and lives for a couple of days. Its life as a moth lasts about twelve days. The extent of the ravages of the tussock moth can be un- derstood when by actual test it has been found that trees from which the egg balls have not been gathered lost 67.5 per cent. of the crop while those which were carefully treated lost but 23.5 per cent. Where care was used, as a test, the loss was only 16 per cent. Another method was resorted to, extremely laborious but effective, by digging trenches at the base of the trees and Mie CAN HOMES AND GARDENS 177 4d EN 4 Arsenical Spray on Leaves and Fruit building around the trunk a steep incline which the cater- pillar can not surmount. After this was done the trees are violently shaken when thousands of the insects fall to the ground and then, instinctively start to reascend the trunk but are arrested in the trench where they are destroyed in untold thousands by pounding with wooden stamps. The ravages of the new pest includes the defoliation of the trees as well as the destruction of the fruit and begins just as quickly as the caterpillar emerges from the egg. The fruit is first attacked and consists in ‘‘biting’”’ into the skin and eating a portion both of the covering and the substance of the apple as long as it lives. Sometimes the whole apple is devoured. The fruit is attacked until the skin gets tough The Ravages of the Tussock Caterpillar The Pupa Stage 178 AMERICAN HOMES? AND WGA DEMS September, 1906 Tent Caterpillar Traveling Up the Trunk of a Tree enough to resist, say when about half-grown, when the pest leaves it and begins on the leaves and continuing until the tree is completely defoliated. Since the tussock moth successfully resists all solutions composed of arsenic, the entomologists have abandoned this method of attack and are cultivating certain flies and wasps Earth-Cone Trap Showing Tussock Larve which are believed to be its natural enemy and by the aid of these parasites hope to complete the extermination of the tussock, not discontinuing the methods heretofore em- ployed to reduce its numbers. Full grown the female tussock moth measures one and a quarter inches in length. Plant Sensation NE of the most recent discoveries gives such a deep insight into the strangeness and (ac- cording to our other ideas) foreignness with ~) which the life of plants expresses itself, that it must be of greatest interest to the widest circles. ‘This is the form-perfection (mor- phesthesia) of plants. This strange name the Berlin botan- ist, Professor Roll, inflicted recently upon the fact discovered by him, that the position of their organs exerts a stimulus upon plants. In experiments with sprouts and young speci- mens of the most varied food-plants, he noticed that on their vertical or bow-shaped principal root the little side roots are always so arranged that they stand only on the convex side of the curvature. This strange behavior can be no accident, for it is found throughout their distribution among all ex- amined plants—ferns as well as trees and shrubs. The lay- man would probably find in this behavior only an interesting fact; the botanist was forced to say to himself that a phe- nomenon of such universal scope could only be the expression of a special obedience to law. Roll investigated it also in experimental ways, and forced roots into certain artificial curvatures, with such success that the new-forming little side roots formed themselves again only on the outward-curved side of the principal root. It thus appeared that the organs of plants are bound to a quite fixed mutual position; and this, all at once, sheds light upon many relations hitherto enigmatical. It had long been noticed that all plants have an appearance highly character- istic of them and exactly determined—i. e., brought about by the fact that, in all variability of size, of leaf-forms of exuberance in the development yet the mutual place of the branches, leaves and blossoms is fixed with perfect regularity —somewhat as different buildings are obliged to correspond with each other, when they are built in the same style. This was called the habit of plants. It is unconsciously familiar to every one schooled in nature, for this habit it is by which from a distance the -woodsman can distinguish, e. g., the fir tree from the pine tree so like it. By the most varied con- siderations (the discussion of which here would lead too far), attention now came to be given to the question of the single factor by which this habit is governed; and it was found that it is caused, first and foremost, by the arrangement of the side limbs, branches, twigs, leaves, which for every plant produce a mathematically constant type. Within this type, then, the individual variation creates the differences between the single-plant individuals, which otherwise would have to resemble each other as one egg another. This individual variation, however, depends upon the nourishment condi- tions and the fitness of the individual for its special life con- ditions. That was a very significant discovery, which first makes the special life of plants comprehensible to us. “They possess the capacity in the most wonderful fashion always to make the most of the given circumstances and adapt them- selves to them so as to reach the normal life conditions. The best witness thereto is their habitat. As this capacity was investigated, the most incredible proofs were reached with what exquisite adaptation to plan the forces of Nature act. For example, the leaves of plants stand in a fixed order, so that all may share the sunlight. This is the case even with the thicket-foliaged treetop. This explains why in the growth of twigs and branches there is here no hindrance by foliage ‘and branches. September, 1906 wv! CAN HOMES AND GARDENS 179 Old-Time Porches of Salem By Mary H. Northend PROMINENT architectural feature of the house is the porch. ‘This is distinctive of its time of building. We may follow the evolu- tion of the portal from the time when every moulding was necessarily made by hand until the present day, when machinery has supplanted handiwork. The colonial porches found in seaport towns in Essex County, more especially in Salem, have attracted the atten- tion of architects from all over the country. “They range from the doorway which reached its height of perfection about the middle of the eighteenth century, to the more pre- tentious porches which adorn the brick houses that were erected during the time of mercantile prosperity, when Elias Haskett Derby, one of Salem’s most noted merchant princes, was sending his great ships to India and China. Of these porches, the most elaborate and beautiful were designed by one Samuel McIntire, a noted wood-carver and designer to whose artistic taste Salem owes its finest work. He was a man of wonderful ability, and his carvings have almost world-wide fame. ‘They are shown not only in the capitals of the columns, but across the tops of the doors them- selves, and ofttimes decorated the framework of the windows. His patterns were always graceful; they represented fruit, flowers and emblems. One of his finest specimens is shown on the old Assembly house in Federal Street, now the home of Mrs. John Bert- ram. It represents a grape-vine. Under this carved porch The Porch of Mr. David Pingree’s House passed the youthful figure of General Lafayette, in the latter part of the eighteenth century, for during his stay in Salem he attended an assembly here. ing stature, garbed in richest attire, entered the doorway. This was our first President, George Washington, who, a few months after his inauguration, passed a night in Salem. He led the dance with one of Salem’s fairest daughters, whose father, General Stephen Abbot, had served under him. Classic in design, unsurpassed in symmetry of formandrare beauty of carved capitals, is the Salem Club porch on Wash- ington Square. This house, which is of brick, was originally the home of Captain Joseph Peabody, grandfather of Miss Mary Endicott, who married the Right Honorable Joseph Chamberlain, of England. During her life in this historic city she was a daily visitor at the house, being one of the favorite grandchildren, and there is still preserved in the fam- ily a fine portrait of her by Captain Peabody’s gifted brush. Two doorways on Chestnut Street, a beautiful tree-arched avenue, have attracted the attention of noted architects. One adorns the first brick house erected on this historic street. It was built by Mr. Robinson and is now the home of Mr. Philip Little. It shows such perfect lines that students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology frequently come to Salem to make drawings of it. The Pickman-Little house, built in 1818, is acknowledged by connoisseurs to show one of the best colonial doorways in New England. Its next door neighbor has also reason to be proud of a porch, the central feature of his house, which Five days later, a man of strik- The Porch of the Mc Mullins House 180 AMERICAN: HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 Porch of Dr. Shreve’s House Porch of Mrs. Kinsted’s House shows symmetrical form and great beauty in its carved Corin- Varying in shape and architectural effects, each portal thian capitals. These porches are both of McIntire design, shows some distinctive feature which distinguishes it from the latter being the entrance to Dr. O. B. Shreve’s house. its neighbor. They can be said to represent three periods, Doorway of the Captain George Doorway of the Salem Club, Whose House Was Once Owned by M. Whipple House George Peabody, the Great Merchant « September, 1906 The Porch of Mrs. George Lord’s House one following the building of gambrel roof houses, which came to perfection in architecture about the middle of the eighteenth century; from that time to the building of the pre- tentious brick residences includes the second period, the porches of that time being designed for square colonial houses built of wood. The third type of colonial doorways extends from this date onward and adorns the most pretentious man- sions of brick, built by the merchant princes. It is one of these stately homes on Washington Square that shows an interesting entrance; an expression of early Ameri- can art, easily taking first rank among the finest specimens of colonial doorways. ‘This house is now the home of Stephen, the nephew of Capt. Joseph White, who was said to have been implicated in the tragic event which ended the old man’s life. Daniel Webster was engaged by him to appear in the case, thereby enacting a romance through his son, Fletcher Webster, who met, fell in love with and married Stephen White’s daughter. Aer CAN hOMES AND GARDENS 181 Doorway of Mrs. Philip Little’s House Hawthorne, whose life was in part passed in Salem, en- tered through the portals of the doorway at 53 Charter Street, to win his bride, Sophia Peabody. ‘This porch has a heavy box cornice with a dark door that shows paneling. Hawthorne describes this porch in “Dr. Grimshaw’s Secret.” Connected with witchcraft times is a porch on Summer Street. A tradition is handed down that in front of this place, in 1692, an old chaise became so bewitched that it literally tumbled to pieces. The witch accused of this evil-doing was one Bridget Bishop, the first victim of those troublous times. It would be an impossibility to enumerate the hundreds of interesting doorways which are seen on colonial houses in Salem, each one of which is well worthy architectural study. They stand out, clothed in artistic grace and of wonderful symmetrical beauty, mementoes of the time before the great tide of the East India trade had faded away, leaving Derby Street deserted. —7, a ~ my 182 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Modern September, 1906 Dahlias By Clarence M. Weed NE of the most interesting recent develop- ments in horticultural art is the renewed in- terest in the cultivation of the dahlia. A few years ago this flower was seldom to be found outside of old-fashioned gardens, where the large, globular flowers of the so-called show dahlias were chiefly in evidence. To most people these arti- ficial-looking blossoms had very little interest and conse- quently were seldom planted. During the last few years, however, the general introduction of the pompon, the decora- tive and epeaally the cactus dahlias has served to increase very greatly the popularity of the flower as well as immensely to extend its range of usefulness. Five well- marked types of dahlia flowers are now avail- able to any grower. ‘They are the show dahlias, in which the flower is rounded and either of one color or of a pale color marked on the edges of the petals with a darker hue; the Lord Goff ” Single Cactus Dahlia “ fancy dahlia, in which the form is like that of the show dahlia, but in which there are two colors present, either in the form of stripes on the petals or in the form of marginal colorings in which the edges of the petals are lighter than the ground color; the pompon dahlia, in which the flowers are much smaller than those of the show dahlia, although they are of the same general form; the cactus dahlia, in which the flowers are strikingly different, having more the appearance of some of the modern varieties of chrysanthemums; the decorative dahlia, which is sometimes spoken of as the cactus hybrid type, in which for the most part the petals are flattened and recurved; the single dahlia, which is apparently a modification of the original wild type; and the single cactus dahlia, which is one of the most attractive flowers of all. The show dahlias are too well known to need special men- tion in this connection. An enormous number of varieties in an extraordinary range of colors have been introduced, while the keeping qualities of the flowers have been greatly improved through careful selection. “These dahlias are espe- SEES Cactus Dahlia “ cially desirable for border gardens, where they make a pleas- ing appearance along fences and walls or the sides of build- ings. As cut flowers they do not appeal to the imagination of most cultivated observers, although many of them are extremely beautiful in their coloring. In a way the distinction between the show dahlias anal the fancy dahlias is an arbitrary one. While all the striped varie- ties are included under the latter name, other bi-colored varie- ties may belong to either class. If the ground color of the petals is pale and the marginal color darker, it is a show dahlia ; if the ground color is darker and the margins lighter it is a fancy dahlia. The marvelous range of coloring is shown in the innumerable varieties of the modern fancy dahlias, which are useful for practically the same purposes as the show dahlias. For almost a century the pompon dahlias have been grown especially on account of their value in furnishing cut flowers. Kriemhilde ” A Show Dahlia On this account they are often called bouquet dahlias, while by the Germans, where these flowers have been very popular, they have been commonly called Lilliputian dahlias. They originated about 1808 with a German gardener who is said to have first obtained the flower as a sport from the single- flowered dahlia. ‘They were largely cultivated in Germany, and when introduced into England were known for many years as German dahlias. ” In Dull Green finish. Made of Faience Brick. Another one of our Aftractive Mantels. : We can make you one as nice! Other designs. W rite to The HARTFORD FAIENCE CO., HARTFORD, CONN. September, 1906 SEPTEMBER WORK IN THE GARDEN By Eben E. Rexford HRYSANTHEMUMS which have been growing in the garden-beds during summer ought to be lifted and potted be- tween the first and the fifteenth of the month, as along about the twentieth we are pretty sure to have frosty weather. Not severe enough, THE LITTLE EMBROIDERESS Unuitt —— = = Amusing and instructive. After considerable trouble, labor and expense = == we have prepared this outfit, our aim being to please the little ones, which we are = = sure we have accomplished. No such complete outfit for the money has ever been — = offered. It pleases, amuses, instructs, and keeps your little girls busy. Our outfit = = contains 6 six-inch doilies, hand colored on linen, which guide to the correct use = = and proper shades of oh fori — = le eu ager ER PILLOW aid ie the ue floss cotton ; AN by Frogress by = = Vy) if 5 12 skeins of our : A = = NWP Ge (i) oy) SAW rcerized Nez = = AV / if MAN Lotte ww iy WA Silk Cotton, the 5 Uns = l=Kexen mia — = Gz — = —— eS embroidery needles. 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Send for a sample order of =- = SS S = f Lees “i ‘= S 100 Cards, $1.75, postpaid = = eS Sve va = Sacra : ree Single Cards, 2 cents each = = eee ——— SEE SSS — = 4 My ip Uji Li — = Ts NINN NG A Wie ‘= «ART TICKING PILLOW TOPS = = iy V) j : eal = = Contain 15 catchy and beautiful colored = = Front and back stitched, complete ns fringe designs. Burnt Leather effect. = = Price, $1.50, postpaid 35 cents each, postpaid = “UMM THE SOUVENIR PILLOW TOP CO." tin, sian 320 BROADWAY,NEW YORK CMM MMMM MMMM ) es EL The Country-Place is No Longer Complete Without the Greenhouse RW) Y] Get the New, Free BEE-BOOK UCH a handsome cover in gray and lemon yellow! Here’s a S halftone cut of it. The inside matter is absorbingly interesting from the hive on title-page to the commutation ticket on page thirty-two. It gives pictures of Mr. A. I. Root in 1865, in 1873 and in 1905. Also productions of Gleanings in Bee-Culture when it was first started, in 1873 (Vol. I, No. 4), and a recent 1906 number. The book is full of pictures. Its title is ‘‘Bee-Line to Profit.’ | let gives d ns of r bee- kee] pers or othe HE. greenhouse has become indispensable for the supplying of cut-flowers and vegetable delicacies for the city-house in the winter season. The accompanying illustration shows a house comprising palm-house, rose-house, general plant house, and large vegetable-house, in which may be grown out-of-season vege- tables and appetizing table-delicacies. Now is the time to talk over and decide on a greenhouse—that is, if you want it to yield its wealth of cut-flowers and out-of-season vegetables during the coming winter. love bees and honey should sub- scribe to Gleanings in Bee- ee The eleven edit rs, by A. I. pee and , Root have eacha page We build either the plain working-proposition or the orna- mental but practical houses that give distinction to your grounds. We should like to talk these matters over with you, or a line would bring our representative. Ett CHINGS*\& COMPANY GREENHOUSE DESIGNERS & BUILDERS HManufatturers of Heating and Wentilating Apparatus 1170 BROADWAY NEW 7Y O:R-K to his picture and raphy and description « department. These editors make the strongest battery of writers on bees and honey to found anywhere. This 32 -pag cS book shot ild be in y< ir nh = be promptly sent on receipt of your request. A postal will do. THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY Medina, Ohio New York City Chicago, Ill. Philad Washington, D.C: St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N.Y. Mechan IgO Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the ; most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to represent- ing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cotta: as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given cover- ing nearly every requirement, with respect to in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 538 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of designs of cottages originally costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illus- trated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, eleva- tions and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attrac- tive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $38,000 upward; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of elevations and details. One Dollar Each, Postpaid (SOLD SEPARATELY) MUNN & CO. Publishers of Scientific 361 Broadway, cost, cost 9 twenty-five selected plans, American New York AMERICAN HOMES) AND VCARD END to injury from frosts so slight that most other plants do not seem to mind them in the least. Even if they are not killed, their foliage will be blackened and made unsightly, and their buds will be blasted. All danger may be averted by covering them with sheets or by pinning papers about them. It is but little trouble to do this. Nearly every season we have a long interval of pleasant weather after the early frosts, and it is during this period that the dahlia makes its most magnificent dis- play. Therefore be sure to protect your plants when the weather indicates a nipping frost. ¥ It is not too late in the season to sow perennials and biennials. They have about two months ahead of them in which to make growth, and the time gained now will ad- vance them just so much next season. » Seedlings of hollyhock, delphinium, and other plants of similar character, ought to be transplanted now to the places where they are to bloom. If care is taken to not disturb their roots when you lift them they will receive no check. . Unless you were sure about the colors of your perennial phlox before you set out your plants it is quite likely you have discovered some discordant notes in their arrangement. Lilac and mauve sorts have found places alongside scarlet and carmine varieties, and the result has been extremely unpleasant to the eye, if you are a lover of harmonious color-effects. Mark all objectionable plants for removal next month. Be sure to use only white varieties with the mauves and lilacs of this most excel- lent plant. Where this is done, these colors will give most delightful effects. But allow them to grow among the more brilliant kinds and everything will be spoiled by them. Right here I want to say that, fime as the dark colors of this phlox are, when grown in masses, you get only a hint of the superb effects they are capable of giving when white is used gener- ously among them. ‘This relieves their bril- liance in such a way as to heighten it, and takes away the monotony which almost always results from the liberal use of dark colors alone. Plant a white kind to serve as a foil for the beauty of each plant of crimson, scarlet, carmine, or rose, and you will be charmed with the result. ¥ If you give your hybrid perpetual roses a good, sharp cutting-back now, and manure the soil about them w ell, you may reasonably ex- pect a few fine flowers from each plant later on, and what is more delightful than a perfect rose, gathered from the garden just on the edge of winter? Say what we may about other flowers, the rose holds its own at the head of the list, and always will. bid This is the month for bulb-planting. In another article I have given quite complete. di- rections for this phase of garden-work. Be sure to arrange for a bulb-garden if you do not already have one. No class of flowers affords more pleasure than these, coming, as they do, at a time when there is nothing to dispute supremacy with them. And bear in mind the fact that they do not have to be planted every year, like annuals. “They require very little care, and the expense of a good-sized collec- tion is small. . Peonies can be divided and reset now, if they have completed their annual growth. Do not attempt to pull their roots apart, in a desire to avoid breaking them. You can not September, 1906 Removes every particle of mud, grime and dirt slick and clean asa whistle. Operated easily asa paintbrush. Water constantly percolates through sponge, forcing dirt out ofit and away from carriage, auto or motor truck on to the ground, leaving a per- fectly clean, unscratched and polished surface. See those tongs either a single sponge or pieces of sponges are automatic ally gripped firmly as they are pulled tight up to a perforated squirt- ing surface, attached just like an ‘ordinary hose nozzle. Made soli dly and substantially of brass, the price is but $3.00 and charges prepaid to all pointsin U.S. or Canada. A hundred and one uses for this wonderfullabor saving device. You run no risk because we refund the price paid usifitfailsto doall werepresent, You may have our booklet free which tells why the ARDREY i VEHICLE WASHER lasts a life time. Ardrey Vehicle Washer Co., 132, \Wargcierm E. Main St., Rochester, N. Y., U.S.A. faswcy Take off your Hat to the MVE For whether you need-Hand or Power Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate Fixtures Hangers-of-Pump Fixt MYERS? are Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and a bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, F. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio FINELY POLISHED PLAIN OR OrOMELTAY HARDWOOD Ss" THE INTERIOR "HARDWOOD CO., Mfrs., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ead satisfactory—for: old or new peresiferent patterns to matob ‘areishin fe —cubear car peres Stecks eed WAVY AND CURLY “HAIR May aS ly be obtained without the aid of curling irons by the use of RS. MASON’S Send stamp for interesting booklet Old Sas Hair Tonic on the preservation of the hair MRS. MASON, 36 WEST 34th STREET, NEW YORK CITY Spruce, Firs, Pines, Retinosporas, Hem- Good stock Euerareens lock, Arborvites, etc., in variety. at low prices. Rardp Plants eee Phlox a specialty. Paconies Strong clumps for immedi- 5 ate effect. Send for catalog. SOUTHWORTH BROS Nurserymen Beverty, Mass. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @, STABLE WORK J#* JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. Standing Seam \ ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the ‘ standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIR CULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED September, 1906 Are oCAN EOMES AND GARDENS IQ! Bar the Heat Thief Out = : wa, Of Your Steam Radiators By Fitting Them With a Norwall Vacuum Valves O you know why your radiators are cold winter of vapor. Norwall Vacuum Valves are made entirely mornings whenthere is agood fire in the steam of metal (illustration shown herewith) and can be heater below? Well, it is because air has gotten attached to your steam radiators in place of the into your radiators, killed the steam and stolenthe ordinary valves. Their use will secure for your heat, although there is plenty in the boiler. home an even temperature—more and better heat— Water boils at 212 degrees, but it would boil and and at less expense of time, labor and fuel. circulate steam through your radiators at a much You don’t have to touch the valves after they lower temperature if it were not that air exerts a are puton They are automatic and do their work pressure equal to 15 pounds on every square inch Without adjustment or attention. They will do of water surface in your boiler. This pressure 4 their part if you do yours, must be lifted by steam and the air expelled And your part will be only to see that your from theradiators beforesteamcancirculate. P| boiler is properly “fired.” You won't need If your steam radiators are fitted with i to “fire-up” as often as heretofore, and you Norwall Automatic Air and Vacuum Valves, oe ay can bank your fires on mild days and much this happens when you start the fire in the fr@s —— earlier at night, and still get heat enough boiler. Whensteam begins togenerate andthe to give you thoroughly conmfortable rooms, air inside the apparatus is pushed into the Norwall Valves will save their cost on any low radiators, these Norwall Vacuum Valves open pressure heating apparatus and do a large part automatically, letting the air pass out just like y ofitthe first season in reduced fuel bills,and this ordinary vent valves. When the steam fills the does not take intoaccount the increased comfort radiators and reaches the valves, they close. But in your house,the lessened labor with your boiler —when the steam in your radiators cools below and more healthful heat conditions for you to the temperature of 212 degrees, instead of open- live in. Don’t expose yourself and family to the ing as ordinary vent valves do to admit air to dangers of uneven temperature with resultant the radiators, the Norwall Vacuum Valves chills, colds, rheumatism, and all their attendant ills. Remain tightly closed, and as the steam con MMMM etre Deer aciators wil protectyour comfort your denses, with no air to take its place,a Vacuum is poanh ond your pocketbook. A postal card mailed at formed, which serves to draw the heat out of the once will bring you a lot of dollar-saving information on water and circulates it through the radiatorsin form heat apparatus. CHICAGO THE NORWALL MFG. CO. 152 Lake Street, When You Figure the Cost of Home Building remember! that the selection of the best hardware trimmings— Sargent’s Artistic Hardwa:e— will be the most economical in the end. Aside from its artistic beauty it is thoroughly sub- stantial. ‘The Easy Spring Principle of Sargent's Locks reduces friction and is a guarantee of honest WHAT YOU NEED IS ONE OF OUR UNIVERSAL WOOD -WORKERS HE great variety of work made possible with one of these machines makes it invaluable to carpenters, builders, sash-, door-, pattern-, wagon-, carriage- and furniture-makers, etc., where economy, labor-saving and floor-space are a consideration. It will plane, surface straight or tapering, rabbet door-frames, etc., rabbet and face inside blinds, joint, bevel, gain, chamfer, plow, make glue-joints, square up bedposts, table-legs, newels, etc., raise panels, either square, bevel or ogee, stick beads, work circu- lar molding, rip, cross-cut, tenon, bore, rout, etc. wear as long as the building stands. SARGENT’S Book of Designs Sent Free This is a beautifully em- bossed book showing fifty- eight perfect half-tone repro- ductions of Sargent’s Artistic Hardware in Colonial, Greek, Gothic, Italian, Roman, Ren- aissance and other designs. It will help you select the design that best suits your taste or the architectural style you have in = Send for descriptive circular civing full details. S J.A. FAY & EGAN CO. 209-229 W. Front St., Cincinnati, Ohio mind. ‘This is an expensive book, and a valuable one to you, but it’s freely yours for the asking. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St.. New York El SESS Sa SaaS aaa OEE. 3} Neglect. Your Fire Insurance Rather Than Your Painting ESSE SOOO OO OIEEEKKKKKEKEKE WIRE FENCING Your house may never burn—fire insurance is merely a wise provision against a remote contingency. But with regard to paint, “it is a condition and not a theory that confronts us.” If we don’t keep our property well painted it will surely deteriorate, and this deterioration can never be made good. A house kept in condition with good paint is practically imperishable. ‘*‘ Good paint” is paint based on pure linseed oil and OXIDE OF ZINC. A Suggestive Pamphlet, ‘‘ Paint: Why, How and When,” FREE to property owners THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO., 71 Broadway, New York We do not grind zinc in otl. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application WROUGHT IRON FENCE 4*? ENTRANCE -GATES - ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK TREE GUARDS, LAWN= *FURNITURE ETC: TENNIS COURT ENCLOS URES A SPECIALTY ia -F-E-CARPENTER-CO- BISDSD SESE DEO IRE KR KEKE. 3 * SEW YORE DDS SEEK ESE a) Som DES SSDS SSE SEX 192 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 om: SANIT A THE WASHABLE WALL COVERING Every American home owner should know Sanitas. It is the most satisfactory wall hanging made. It is artistic, durable and absolutely cleanly. Its cloth founda- tion gives it strength enough to stand the wear and tear of everyday usage. Its surface is finished in oil paint and affords no lodging place for dust and germs. It can be kept clean with soap and water. Its designs and colors are varied and beautiful enough to use in any room of any home The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration supplies suggestions for wall treatment and samples free White Dept. P for circulars STANDARD TABLE OILCLOTH COMPANY 320 BROADWAY NEW YORK TWO BEST SSSA 'N THE WORLD ‘METAL LATH 8° ROOFIN ROOFING C _ NILES, QHIO- “THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNACE” 27" Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of Apnl 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S. A. do this without disturbing the whole clump. It is better in every way to cut the plant apart, with a thin-bladed, sharp spade. Of course, in doing this, you run the risk of cutting in two some tubers, but this will not injure the plant nearly as much as the general disturbance of roots which results from an attempt to divide it without the loss of any portions of it. ® Marguerite carnations intended for winter- flowering in the house ought to be potted as soon as you have made sure about the charac- ter of their flowers. It is not safe to make use of a plant for this purpose until it has blossomed, because you can never tell what it is going to be in advance. Some of the most promising plants, so far as looks go, turn out to be single and worthless. In potting these carnations, use a somewhat heavy loam. Drain their pots well. Shade them for a week or ten days, showering them daily. Disturb their roots as little as possible in lifting them. It is well to remove all buds they may have on them, as the development of these would overtax the vitality of the plant at this crucial period of its existence. Concentrate all the strength of the plant on the production of new feeding-roots for the first month of its exis- tence as a pot-plant. Those who have never made use of this class of carnations for winter-flowering will be delighted with it, if they give it a season’s trial. True, its flowers are not as large as those of the greenhouse carnation, and not quite as fine in form, but they are equally as fine in color and in fragrance, and there will be a score of them where you will get but one from the greenhouse kinds. What they lack in quality they make up for in quantity. And some of them are really but little inferior in quality to the greenhouse sorts. . Cinerarias, Chinese Primroses, Primula Abconica, the “Baby Primrose,” and Calceo- larias, intended for winter use, ought to be procured from the florist at once, and got under headway as speedily as possible. Most persons fail with these plants because they wait until late in the season before they get them. They should be given ample time in which to establish themselves before the com- ing of cold weather. If your plants are strong at the beginning of the winter season you may reasonably expect good results from them; but if they have not recovered from the effect of late planting, the chances are that they will not be very satisfactory. & A correspondent asks me if there is no good winter-flowering fuchsia. “To which I reply: yes, the variety sold under the name of Speciosa. It has a single flower, sepals pink, carolla carmine. It blooms in clusters, at the ends of the branches. It is a vigorous grower, of somewhat drooping habit after it begins to send out side-branches, and a most prolific bloomer. It is not as showy as some of the summer-flowering sorts, but it is really a beau- tiful plant, and deserves a place in any col- lection. It is one of our best winter-bloomers. I know of no other variety that is worth the room it takes up for winter use. ¥, Tuberous begonias and gloxinias will soon begin to show signs of ripening off. When the production of flowers ceases, and the foliage commences to turn yellow, gradually withhold water. Give less and less, until the plants have lost all their leaves. ‘Then put them away in their pots, in a cool, dark, dry place to remain over winter. It will probably be the last of October or the early part of September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ' 193 BURLINGTON .xésicing BLINDS Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality Surest Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Proved by actual use to be the most practical and satis- factory blinds and screens on the market. Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds inside use. Require nopockets. For your own best interests ff Any wood; any and your customers, send for [iy finish. Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- } ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW | HANA “TT 7 yO Iron Frame, 36 Inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Boring table and side treadle. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Send for catalogue. J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. 27 TRADE MARK Insist on the SY-CLO Water Closet — made of china 8} - phonic Action ends danger of sewer 5 Bool ‘Household Health” free, POTTERIES SELLING CO, TRENTON, N, }, Just Published Tenth Edition CONTAINING CM ODERN BLUM BING Zxeruons STEAM AND. weas con. STRUCTED PRESENT HEATING ™"++ Soil and Waste Pipe Ventilation, Back Vent- Their Advantages. Siphonage of Traps, The Cause and How to Remedy the Same. How to of Plumbing Examining Board, and Answers to Same. Hydraulics of Plumbing, with Original cM O D E R N TE, “MOST OF PLUMB.- HOT WATER ot tH: ing, The House Trap, The Fresh Air Inlet and Test Soil and Waste Pipes. Probable Questions Illustrations. Practical Drawings and all Im- portant Features in the Construction of Modern Plumbing Work. STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING How to correctly figure on any size or shape of building with steam or hot water. How to find the heating capacity of any shape or make of boiler for steam or hot water heating. The most practical time-saving tables ever compiled and published. A new table of how to quickly find the correct measurement of 45-degree angles, a most useful thing in Steam and Hot Water construction. This has never before ap- peared in print. More practical illustrations than ever pub- lished in any one volume, which show the various systems of construction in the heating and ventilating of buildings by the steam or hot water systems. By JAMES J. LAWLER; Over three hundred diagrams and _ illustra- tions, showing the various systems of construc- tion in the heating and ventilating by steam or hot water systems. Six folding inserts showing Waste Pipe System of Plumbing, One-pipe Sys- tem of Both Steam and Hot Water Heating, Overhead System, Fan System of Heating and Ventilation, and Steam and Hot Water Circuits. 400 Pages, Large Octavo Size, 10x7!/% Bound in Extra Cloth. inches. Price, Postpaid, $5.00. cCMUNN ©& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK KEEP YOUR CHILDREN WELL AND HAPPY Atyour dealer’s or direct at az Lowest a ad All the medicine in the worl n’t do it.— Factory what they need is a healt -building, Prices = fun-making “TRISH MAIL” Thecar thatmakesar Tag andr Patented “Geared”? for speed. Saf Ky ‘Write to-day for, rubber tire d, easy running catalog. the name Irish Mail’? ont Hill-Standard Mfg. Co., 81 Irish Mail Ave., Anderson, Indiana EMENt BOOK (1 Invaluable to Prope owners, farme » architec contractors, etc. How to Ll relan t, Cement Sidewalk Cons 2 Reiafor Concrete Construction, $2 H I k ¢ crete Construction, 50c. Sent postage pa CHICAGO, ILL. EMENT and ENGINEERING NEW 194 Warmth for the Guest The guest sud- denly arriving is quickly, surely made to feel “at home” and the cordial welcome is much empha- sized where the home is equipped for right living by AMIRI, DAL A turn of the valve puts unitorm, genial warmth into a room—or shuts off the heat in unoccupied rooms and saves fuel. Richest furnishings and decorations will not put a warm welcome into a cold house for either guests, callers or vacation-returning family. Better, therefore, prepare early this Fall season to warm the home by Hot Water or Low Pressure Steam heating. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators bring no ashes, coal gases, dust, smoke, grime or soot into guest chamber or other rooms. Why, therefore, continue to pay the extra expense for labor, fuel and repairs of stoves and hot air furnaces? Why lose in addition all the comfort, convenience and healthfulness of our way P Made in sizes for cottages, mansions, stores, schools—all buildings—OLD or new—farm or city. A child can operate. You will need our catalogues (free) showing best arrangement, uses and decoration of radiators and rooms. Sales Branches and warehouses throughout America and Europe. AMERICANRADIATOR COMPANY ae os as oso ote oe as ote oe ate ote os os oe aoe ae eters ae ae ae SOU DSSS GOOS88 3 Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. $4 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. . Delivered to your Freight Station. The Pulyerlzed Manure Go.,21Union Stock Yards, Chicago. TUDY ARCHITECTURE | AMER IGAWN HOMES and GARDENS and SCIENTITEIG AMERICAN IS G==0) EASY LESSONS OR STEPPING-STONE TO ARCHITE€TURE BY THOMAS MITCHELL will be sent to one address for $5.00 Regular Price... $5.00 A SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders, as well as the general principles of con- struction The book printed on heavy ¢ contains 92 pages, m plate paper, and illustrated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustrations of various historic building rhe book is 12mo in size and is attractively bound in cloth. coeeal PRICE, FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID ae MUNN ®& CO., 361 Broadway. NEW YORK PEPPER ED DODDS BSS SHOOe WSS GGG BGS GS SO SIGHS CBE GB IED ED ED ED ED ED CEDED AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1906 November before they are ready to go into their winter quarters, but they should be got ready for them in advance, by giving the tubers a chance to ripen their annual growth before they are stored away. Because the growth of grass on the lawn is ‘not as luxuriant and rapid at this season as in midsummer is no reason why it should be neglected. It should be mowed whenever the grass gets too tall to look well, clear up to the end of the season. “The neat and attrac- tive appearance of the home-grounds depends more upon the lawn than anything else about them. It is a good plan to fertilize it well in the fall, thus enabling the roots of the sward to store up nutriment for the coming season. I have found finely ground bone-meal very effective for this purpose. It is prompt in effect, produces a strong growth, and no weeds are ever introduced by its use. sd Go over the garden and gather up all plants that have completed their work for the sea- son. If we neglect the beds, now that many of the plants in them are past their prime, a general appearance of untidiness soon domi- nates everything. Much of the dismal effect of the fall season is due to this lack of attention. But a prompt removal of all unsightly objects will keep the grounds looking well, even if they have lost some of the brilliant show of color which characterized them earlier in the season. » It is too early to do anything in the way of protection of plants against the severity of winter, but it is not too early to begin to get ready for this work. Save the leaves to cover tea roses, pansies, and other small plants. Rake them up, as they fall, and store them under shelter where they will keep dry until the time comes to use them. If plants are to be wrapped with straw, or matting, arrange for it in advance. If we put off work of this kind until the last minute, we are pretty sure to let a good deal go undone, and the quality of that which is done is not likely to be of the best. It pays to look ahead, and have everything at hand against the time of need. And it pays—richly—to do good, con- scientious work in preparing our plants for winter. Slovenly work, here as elsewhere, is about on a par with no work at all. SOME OF OUR NIGHT-BLOOM- ING FLOWERS By Ida D. Bennett CHARM of mystery and sentiment yak hovers around those plants that open their flowers as the wings of the night brush their petals with dew and the call of the moth and firefly for sweets is insistent with longing. When the bee, that all day long has flitted from flower to flower on honey laden wings, has folded his wings and crept into the petals of the day-blooming rose and lily, to dream away the night in perfumed sleep, then the great starry-eyed and _soft- winged moths hover around the tubes of the night-blooming flowers. The night is full of a soft, tremulous motion of dusky wings and subtle, intoxicating odors, unknown by day. Curiously enough only deep throated, tube- shaped flowers bloom at night, the flowers beloved by the long tongued moths. The silver winged tobacco moth—Cariolanus— whose flexible tongue frequently measures five inches in length, frequents the deep throated bells of the tobacco plant—Nicotiana affinis, and the night-blooming moonflower; over the evening primrose the Everix Myron waves its wings of olive and brown while i ae — ton” 2 a a a i ae September, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7 195 COMPEETE INTERIOR DECORATION AND FURNISHING naz . We AT A ATA YA TA rT \ aloe iio bo 6 iS one ee Oe Oe Ole Oe nl TTS a ra om OTA ram ana f f il i i i t = SEM GEEEECSE ff IVI NSSINGIS SEE 8 tay ® ae HOTEL BELMONT Completely Furnished by W. & J. Sloane E direct the atten- tion of architects to our exceptional resources for the complete interior decoration and fur- nishing of hotels. @ A recent example of the scope and quality of our work is seen in the Hotel Belmont. The greater part of the wall and ceiling decorations and all of the floor-coverings, hangings, tapestries, laces, furniture, bric-a-brac, lamps, and general furnishings were supplied and installed by our Hotel Contract Department. @ Our remarkably com- plete and efficient organi- zation of artists and artisans long trained to this work, our extensive looms and workshops, and our close afhliations with foreign centers of interior deco- rative art, enable us to afford every possible advantage to architects for ihe effective expression of their ideas. W. & J. SLOANE Bee ee ee eed ee 77 OC TUT 72 NY Correspondence invited. Broadway & 18th St. NEW -Y ORK ESTABLISHED 1843 Complete Outfit HAND AND FOOT- POWER MACHINERY UR No. 7 SCROLL SAW is warranted to be well made, of good material and workmanship, and to saw pine three inches thick at the rate of one foot a minute SEND FOR CATALOGUE . F.& Joun Barnes Go. S67 Ruby Street Rockford, Ill. “OMNES Price $15.00 1 APUTTTTTNVUUUUULUTTOTUUUNOTTUUUTINTOTUTUUUOOOTTUUUTINTTTTUUTLILITTT 11 “7; & | dition now as the day it was erected. | GLEN MFG. CO., 148 Mill St., Ellwood City, Pa. Colt’s Universal Clamps q Adjust themselves to a beveled as a level surface. @ Every manipulation stands to their credit. @ We vouch for their strength of grip and measure of utility. @ Quick action, adaptation to work, convenience of handling. @ Especially adapted for veneering, panel- ing and all work requiring a long, broad iaw. q Ask for Catalogue No. 132. Manufactured by BATAVIA CLAMP COMPANY 19 Center Street BLYTAVIA, N.Y. as well For the Protection and Adornment of Lawns, Schools, Parks, Cemeteries, Cemetery Lots and pub- lic and private places generally, no fence can compare with the Hartman Steel Picket Fence for beauty and durability. The first fence we made was put up sixteen years ago and is in as good con- The Hartman Fence protects and adorns a lawn without conceal- ingit. It can be erected upon uneven as well as level surfaces—on stone walls or wooden bases as | wellasin the ground. No mechanical skill isrequired to erectit. All first-class dealers handle the Hartman Steel Picket Fence. If yours doesn’t, write for illus- | trated catalogue and prices to Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. YY, Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used by Millions of Mothers for their eething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays all pain, cures wind colic, and is the best remedy for diarrhea. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. 196 AMERICAN HOMES AND, GARDENS September, 1906 “LANE’S BALL-BEARING” 1s the WF if | if a INI fe oe ae Other Styles for Less Money Sold by Hardware Trade Send for Catalog Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, INGY.. Fee FALL FICTION NI yy ~ rf y ‘pb vik Th ite PO Ty See . Pde a, SEE GR, c ? v A Splendid Trio The Most. Exceptional Book Offer OF THE SEASON 1.—A Brand New Book, direct from the ie as in a Tabard Inn Case : ° ; Value 20) FSIEAS 2.—Membership in THE TABARD INN LIBRARY it 3.—_ THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, 12 Months “ : 2 1.50 why oe MAGAZINE, 12 Months “ ae 3.50 ae en = Total Value, : : $6.18 | — FOR $3.50 | Select. the Book you desire from the following list: THE WHEEL OF LIFE ° : : Ellen Glasgow THE BISHOP OF COTTONTOWN THE TRUTH ABOUT TOLNA . ; Bertha Runkle MATER MENA, ee Eas ree 2 ND CANDLES A SU R 4 ohn Trotwooc oore ieee sae ene Meredith Nicholson SONGS AND STORIES FROM “TENNESSEE THE LAWBREAKERS 7 A - Robert Graaot John Trotwood Moore MY SWORD FOR LAFAYETTE 4 Max Pemberton THE QUAKERESS S 7 : . 5 Max Adler A MAKER OF HISTORY . c 5 A Oppenheim PANAMA A 5 : : f C. H. Forbes Lindsay FENWICK’S CAREER , , Mrs. Humphry Ward PAM DECIDES . ‘ ‘ ‘ . Bettina von Hutten CONISTON ¢ : ‘ . Winston Churchill COWARDICE COURT , : . Geo, Barr McCutcheon NOTE.—Patrons of the LIBRARY who subscribed last year for service, coupled with a year’s subscription to Ge METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, may renew their subscriptions in the same way; the price fora new book, a TABARD INN LIBRARY Membership, and Ge METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE for 12 Months being $2.00. ORDER FORM, S| Gea AR anne THE TABARD INN LIBRARY, 1611 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. RY Dear Sirs: I enclose $3.50, for which you will enter my I IBR A name fora yar’s subscription to THE METROPOLI- TAN MAGAZINE and HOUSE & GARDEN MAGA ZINE, and send me by mail, prepaid, a new copy of the gc omAng Dook 1611 ‘Chestnut Street to be exchangeable at any Tabard Inn Station, Philadelphia, Pa. Vol. X. September,1906 No. 3 myriads of lesser moths surround the more shallow tubes of the four o’clocks. It is to be regretted that so much of old time sentiment has vanished from our gardens, that they have grown to be so much a matter of display and of competitive effort to possess —not the sweetest and best, but the largest and showiest, of flowers. Our gardens should be a place to retire to and dream, to stroll in the dusk of evening and let nature wipe out the wrinkles and the frowns that the cares of the day have written on our brow and heart. Instead, too many of us go into them with a critical eye, and a fretful sense of comparison between what is ours and our neighbors’, that, unless the balance is largely in our favor, successfully militates against any real enjoyment of what is best, and tender toleration of those weaklings that are not quite up to exhibition standard, but yet are whole- some and sweet. It would be a step in the right direction could we isolate our gardens so that they were no longer a matter of display but of secluded family life, and in no way, perhaps, could one more readily get back to nature, and the simple enjoyment OF her gifts than in the construc- tion of a garden of night-blooming plants. These, from the nature of their blooming, their nocturnal habits, preclude the idea Gf display and invite to pensive loiterings. The night-blooming garden should not, for the best results, be a conspicuous part of the «arden proper, except as where space is lim- ited it may form a part of the hardy border or garden; rather should it be sequestered, to be come upon unexpectedly, happily, in the evening stroll down the winding garden path or through the columns of the pergola, the lattice of the summerhouse. It should allure with its odors, with its fugitive intangible sweetness, to be sought for unti! its blossoms burst white and shining under the crescent moon upon the sight. The list of night-blooming flowers is not a long one, but ample for our purpose. That they may be attractive and easily found of moth and insect, nature has chosen to drape them in white that gleams amid the shadows of the dusk like beacon lights to guide the hunter on the way. Few of the night bloom- ers show more than a faint hint of color, the most noticeable exception being the Mirabilis or four o’clocks which show warm color- ings of yellow, pink and red, but as these open their flowers to the afternoon light, nature has assured their attractiveness to mankind by clothing them with color as well as fragrance. Chief among the night bloomers are the various members of the datura family; of these the brugmansias are notable, their great white, satiny, fluted trumpets, which open about sunset, are exquisite in their purity and fragrance. “The double form of the plant is not as successfully grown as a garden plant as the single, its season of blooming being too late in the year. ‘The datura proper has a somewhat smaller blossom, lily shaped, lay- ender on the outside and pure white inside and less fragrant than the brugmansia. Both are of the easiest culture; young plants may be procured of the florist in May and planted out where they are to bloom, in good, rich soil, kept clear of weeds and given a reasonable amount of water and nature will attend to the rest. “They should be planted near the outside of the beds or garden where their beauty will not be obscured by the encroach- ing branches of other plants, as the brug- mansias keep their blossoms somewhat within the shade of their foliage. The various nicotianas are a most interest- ing class of night bloomers and are also ef- tective on cloudy days when they open their flowers as freely as at night. N. affinis i the only true night bloomer and its somewhat September, 1906 veel e AN GEeeaM ES “AND GARDENS my YOU take an interest in your home; YOU want to know how that home can be improved at little cost, how it can be made a better, happier, brighter, American Homes > and @ardens + Every number contains articles that more artistic place to live in; YOU have a garden and you love flow- ers, and you wish to make that garden more attractive; YOU have failed as a gardener and you want to know why; ina word, if your and its surroundings mean anything at all to you, Pret 1904 fa voibe coun Sa Federal Screet, Salem,* Mass Rose Cand lts Culture ifre HE bteg ite gst

os Handsome LASTS: INDEFINITELY Catalogue on application. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 96 Liberty Street, New York City Dwellings the “CHAMPION” use Metal Shingle a A Inexpensive, a eel | —— \ Ornamental, Durable A PERMANENT ROOFING ay > paras wri A PERMANENT COLOR ||| GJ |“ ||_ | SS - IN ALSO MAKERS OF The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect. SEND FOR SAMPLES “\ 5 rs g }A . é z Ni Cornices, ’ EAI SE SF Ah Skylights, THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY ||BX 4x4 Sc" Sole <7Manufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine UILT by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ““E”’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest - faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes stitutions, etc We construct special apparatu f gas for manufacturing, producing t city gas at s5o cents per 1 cubic feet. to respond to very large demands; ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba 210 AMERICAN: HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert , Ja ee ee eS tS designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our ‘* Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him in a position to do so. TRENT TILE: GOMPANYS 3. ee Makers of “Wall -and Fire-Plaice lt ikes Nom- 7% bis ob emt Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics; (Anchitecturalhharentce. etc aT ee WOR A LAE DE PA aR) eM EN Eee eA ee OR ee Aa ine ee Onn Ga are) mt Seaham one Ore en om KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATORS RESPOND INSTANTLY TO CIRCULATION FOUNTAIN OF MERCURY By Henry Erkins & Company 4 West I5thSt. NEW YORK — 143-145 Varick St. Makers of The real value of hot-water and steam- radiators depends upon their efficiency as dis- tributors of heat. Other essential elements are: economy in space and weight and attractive appearance. KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATORS Fountains, Statuary, Columns, Pergolas, Balus- trades, Standards, Sun-dials, Pedestals, Benches, Vases, Tables, Sphinxes, Lions, etc., in Marble, Bronze, Stone and Pompeian Stone, that suc- cessfully withstands the American weather. will heat a room more quickly and keep it warmer than any other. Their beautiful finish admits of the application of any style of decora- tion desired. They weigh but one-fourth as much as cast- iron radiators and occupy only one-half the Our Book on Garden Furniture Upon Request space on floor or wall. KINNEAR RADIATORS are heavily gal-= vanized inside and outside and their durability will equal or exceed that of others. Write for catalog ‘‘D’’ or call at one of our branch offices. KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATOR CO. Pittsburgh, Pa., U. S. A. BRANCHES New York, Flatiron Building Seattle, 408 Occidental Ave, Chicago, First Nat. Bank Bldg. Indianapolis, State Life Bldg. St, Louis, Chemical Building Oakland, 922 Franklin St. Kansas City, Heist Building Detroit, Buhl Building Toronto, Ont., 302 Queen St. San Antonio, Moore Bldg, London, Eng., 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane Phoenix Sliding Blind Co. Phoenix N. Y. BLINDS PHOENIK,NY. —— eee EE —————— ————— October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 211 WeJ.SLOANE Oriental Rugs WalraWalraVaViale le laVlaVa lava \ X JE take extraordinary precautions in the purchase of our stock of Oriental Rugs. Every rug is carefully scrutinized by our resident buyer in the Orient. For these reasons our collection is pre- eminently the best in America, and the public may make selections from our immense stock with full confidence in the sterling merit of each rug bought. Our autumn importations are now ready. The attention of architects is particularly invited to our com- plete facilities for executing orders for Special Carpets and Rugs woven to _har- monize with decorations and in any desired size. Broadway and 18th Street #3\ NEW YORK @ Hall Clocks, chiming the quarters and striking the hour on beautiful-toned tubes, bells or gongs. @ The clock in your hall should be the attractive fea- ture, and it will be if you follow our suggestion and place in your home one of our “Waltham” Clocks Nothing richer or finer made. @ We also manufacture a full line of hanging clocks, including the ‘‘Colonial’’ banjo clock. i q If your jeweler does not carry our line send direct Catalogue Upon Request WA Eel EeAL iM CLtock Company Waltham, Massachusetts United States of America | _._ Doors that are Beautiful —— [ps and Useful uA iF fa y Beautiful doors make your home ‘ more attractive, and add to its ele- \ gance and refinement. Write to-day for a copy of “The Door Beauti- ful,” a handsome illustrated booklet showing many new styles of beau- tiful doors, and explaining how you can know you get the quality you pay for. ) @ Morgan Hardwood Ven- | 4, eered Doors are beautiful in F \ \\ design, unequalled in con- *'¥ struction and elegance of fin- ish, and are made to corres- pond with the architectural features of the house. Made in Colonial, Renaissance, Empire, Craftsman, and many other styles for inside and outside use. Sold under a guarantee to replace, free of cost, any door that fails to give entire satisfaction. im @ Architects and builaers are urged to write for our 64-page catalogue entitled “The Perfect Door,” sent free where the request is written on business stationery. Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wis. Distributing Points: Morgan Sask & Door Co., 22nd and Union Sts., Chicago, Ill.; Morgan Co., Oshkosh, Wis.; Morgan Co., Baltimore, Md. Pape Gee EE Irish Contractor bought a Hercules early in 1905. Later he bought two more, and a few months ago he ordered four more. What does this prove? It proves that the Hercules delivers the goods— that it makes absolutely perfect blocks, You can only fool an Irishman once, and if the first Hercules was not sat- isfactory the other order would not have followed. Why did the contractor who is building the immense power station for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad at Cos Cob, Conn., order Hercules Machines to do the work with? Because, after a thorough study of every other concrete block machine, he con- vinced himself that the machine that would make the most perfect blocks and make them the most economically was the Hercules Concrete Block Machine If you are going to buy a concrete block machine and you want the very best to be had, you’ve got to buy the simple Hercules—the machine that makes two blocks at one time—the machine that an unskilled laborer can easily operate. The Hercules can pro- duce more blocks, a larger variety of blocks and better blocks in one day than any other machine—and _ pro- duce them for less money. Isn’t that the kind of a machine you want? If it isn’t, your competitors will have a walkover. Send for our beautifully illustrated catalog. Be sure and ask for Catalog C . CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CO., 180 West Main St., Rochester, N.Y. 3 212 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 |hévinne Uses the Stemway Many manufacturers claim to make Art Pianos, but few can substantiate that claim, and fewer obtain even a lim- ited recognition. World-recognition comes only to works of genius, such as the Steinway Piano—an instrument that always has been, and is, the first and final choice of the greatest pianists and musicians in the world, without distinction of race or national bias. @ Josef Lhevinne, Russia’s greatest pianist, will use the Steinway Piano exclusively on his American concert tour during the season of 1906-1907, and will appear as Soloist with all leading Orchestras, as follows: PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA PITTSBURG ORCHESTRA BOSTON SYMPHONY RUSSIAN SYMPHONY NEW YORK SYMPHONY PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA CHICAGO ORCHESTRA CINCINNATI ORCHESTRA ST. PAUL ORCHESTRA Illustrated catalogue and booklets sent upon request STEINWAY & SONS Steinway Hall, 107-109 East 14th Street, New York AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year Sen e Nees son OCTOBER, 1906 A WATER-SIDE GREETING MoNTHLY COMMENT NoraBLE AMERICAN Homes—The Seaside Home of Mr. T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Coolidge Point, Manchester, Massachusetts By Barr Ferree THE ORNAMENTAL VALUE OF PUBLIC WATERS A Home IN A NUTSHELL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ARTISTIC HOUSE INTO AN ITALIAN VILLA. By Francis Durando Nichols How ro PRESERVE CuT FLOWERS THREE Houses OF DISTINCTIVE CHARACTER ORIGINALITY, OLD AND NEW “WIsEACRE”—The Residence of Charles L. Wise, Esq., East Orange, New Jersey THe WEED-FIELDS By B.S. Bowdish 238 DESERT-PLANTS AS A SOURCE OF DRINKING-WATER 240 How to Lay Out a SMALL PLor SUCCESSFULLY By Ralph Child Erskine 241 Bugs: How To PLANT AND Grow THEM By Eben E. Rexford 244 A RIVAL OF THE STAINED-GLAss WINDOW By Benjamin Coleham A LivING SUN-DIAL By W. A. Mount Stephen MUSHROOM-CULTURE IN FRANCE By Jacques Boyer FRUIT AND ORCHARD WoRK IN OCTOBER By E. P. Powell Floral October Work. The St. Bernard. Fall Work in the Garden. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] SEP 26 1906 NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself resvonsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. BUNIAIT) ApIs-1IeA\Y VV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ws & MQ’ The Entrance-front of the Seaside Home of Mr. T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Manchester, Massachusetts 216 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 Monthly Comment Pg ERERGHE approach of the fall season, with the win- PNY ry fx ter looming ominously beyond, means the yeere | (a return of a goodly number of people from Riese be the country to the city, and the opening of a W\\ , eee? ZS 3 Wear a new season and a new experience to those ASLAN) who have this year taken up their abode in the country for a permanency. The scale on which one lives has much to do with the point of view at this time. With ample funds, a large place, abundant means of getting about and a retinue of servants, one is, of course, independent of the season, and can come and go as one pleases. But there is a host of country livers who are not so situated, and to them their first season in the countryside must have produced many mixed results. The great problem of liking or not liking has not yet been solved, nor can it be until a full year has been put in amid purely rural surroundings. Yet even the first year may not be a true test, nor the second; for there is in- finite variety in the country, notwithstanding its inherent dul- ness to those who yearn for variety and “‘life.”’ There is a very great temptation, on moving into the country, to under- take too much. The literature of country life is now quite aboundingly rich. For a dollar or two one may purchase an admirably printed book by a thoroughly honest writer telling how to do all manner of things in the country, how much fruit and vegetables one may, raise, how many animals one may keep and rear, how much, in fine, one may make from one’s own country place, which may readily be self-supporting if one but follow the directions of the aforesaid competent authority. It is dollars to doughnuts that most people who essay country life on this basis are in this present month of grace regretting the ventures they so gleefully undertook. And it is not to be wondered at. All you have read is doubt- less true, but a great deal of real personal experience is neces- sary before one can, let us say, rear sheep and goats, dogs, ponies, geese, chickens, ducks, guinea-fowls, pigeons and calves, all on one place, all at the same time, and keep house and raise and feed a family to boot. A very competent writer, not very long ago, published a most interesting book telling how all these things were done—except the last. It was undoubtedly a true experience, but any other person who would try the same problem would be without the personal equation which, in this particular case, was the real secret of success. And it is the lack of personal experience which has caused most of the failures of the present year. ‘There is but one word of advice to be offered—when you try again, try a bit harder, and don’t try to do too much. INSTABILITY is one of the marked characteristics of Ameri- can home life. “he American, as a rule, has little affection for his house as a house or a home as a home. He seldom remains long in one place. If he has not just moved in, he is on the point of moving out, and he invariably looks forward to a time when he will own a better home than the one he happens to be living in. ‘This is a commendable ambition, and were the new homes always absolutely better than the old instead of, as in most cases, being simply more gorgeous, it would be a feeling warmly to be commended. A bettering of one’s condition is unquestionably highly desirable, and in the end the American home unrest may lead to good results, but it produces a totally different impression of the home from that which obtains in England, for example, where the family home is an ancestral residence, where many genera- tions of the same family have lived and died. Such a home undoubtedly produces a very different impression from that which obtains in the rapidly changing homes of America. There is no wonder that the moving industry in America is a large one, and, from the point of view of the person who pays the bills, an exceedingly profitable one. IT is no new thing to point out that the child is an im- portant factor in the home. This is so true that it may be per- tinently asked for what else does a home exist? Yet it is often obvious, and sometimes unpleasantly obvious, that the children have too great a prominence in the home. This is particularly true of America, where the children outgrow home restraint and home rule at an abnormally early age. The American child is more apt to be given license than liberty in the home life, and hence he rapidly acquires an un- due prominence in the house. All the members of a family are part of the same family organism, and the family rule that recognizes this fact, the family life that is conducted for the whole family, and not for any single part of it, inevitably yields the most wholesome results. WALKING as a means of relaxation is rapidly becoming one of the lost joys. Walk we will unquestionably when we have to, but there are now so many ways of getting about without the physical discomfort that many people attach to walking, that walking as a means of pure enjoyment seems to have almost gone out of fashion. Yet there is no more de- lightful, healthful sport than this. It is one of the simplest of recreations and one of the most fascinating. It brings one closer to Nature than any artificial means of locomotion can possibly do. It gives pleasure and brings health, and is one of the most beneficial of natural tonics. One must, of course, be suitably clothed for walking, and perhaps especially mind- ful of one’s shoes. It may be necessary, on a long tramp, to provide oneself with a simple lunch, for the question of food- supply is sometimes a difficult one in the rural regions. Any jaded, tired soul that takes itself out for a good country walk will return to its own fireside refreshed and benefited im- measurably. THERE 1s still much to be learned before the dust gener- ated by the automobile will cease to be a source of public annoyance. Every object moving through the atmosphere drags a body of air with it, whether its own surface be smooth or not. The difficulty of the problem is not limited to the power surface of the car, since it is not clear but the upper part may have some effect as a dust-raiser. It is certain, how- ever, that the form of the lower part of the car is the most important feature. Thus it seems to be true that the higher the bottom of the car is above the road and the smoother its surface, the less will be the dust-raising power of the machine. All recent experiments tend to show that the chief problem of the automobile-builder should be so to construct his ma- chine that it will pull about with it the smallest possible vol- ume of air at the least possible speed. The scientific facts involved in this problem have not yet been completely studied, but some of the basic principles have been sufficiently un- covered to point the way to the right direction. Meanwhile, however, the public continues to suffer from one of the chief abominations of the automobile. It is small comfort to be reminded that the occupants of the rapidly moving car are suffering likewise; they have the compensating advantage of motion, often so rapid that little can be distinguished of them or their vehicle save the clouds of dust in which they travel. Moreover, if it becomes unbearable they can stop it by stopping their machine. But the person on the road, or that most unfortunate person who lives upon it, has no remedy that has yet become effective. October, 1906 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree T A STONE’S throw from the terrace of Mr. Coolidge’s house are the waters that wash the north shore of Massachusetts. A more agreeable outlook it is difficult to imagine and certainly would be hard to find. One 3 instinctively looks straight across the water, where Marblehead sits serene on the distant coast, but so far away as to be but a mere site on the distant horizon. There are nearer points of interest: islands in the glistening water, and, on either side, the tree-fringed mainland behind which one catches many a glimpse of handsome houses. The land-surroundings of the Coolidge house are quite as charming as the lovely water-view. The road that leads to it passes through a pleasant suburban region, very delight- fully wooded. The trees, in fact, are so abundant, that one comes upon the house rather suddenly, standing in a cleared space, and presenting a capacious and majestic front. It is a house designed in the Georgian style, to which its architects, Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, of New York, have given their best thought and study. It is peculiarly fitted to the New England coast, since many fine examples of it still remain in Salem and Portsmouth, while others, per- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 217 Bo aade Home | if I ies Dedelcractscualtdge Jr. Coolidge Point Manchester, Massachusetts haps even better known, are found as far south as Virginia. It was designed under the immediate personal super- vision of Mr. Charles F. McKim, who has made full use of all available material, and has designed a house at once modern in its application to contemporary life, and yet a thoroughly consistent example of the architectural period it reproduces. The architect designing in a historical style is confronted by the necessity of reproducing his models with pedantic accuracy, or so transforming them that they become an original and modern translation. Mr. Coolidge’s house represents a phase of workmanship which involves the in- telligent adaptation of older forms to modern uses. It is a house so superbly studied that the very bricks and stones breathe a spirit of the old time; a design beautifully har- monized and proportioned with a loving care that gives it a character of distinction that is as rare as it is delightful. It is a large house designed in a large way, directly ex- pressed in the quiet dignity of the fronts, in the broad, plain wall-spaces, in the stately colonnade which forms the fea- ture of the entrance-portal, in the great, rounded center of the water-front, in the exquisite portico which is the dis- tinguishing part of the latter side of the house. The archi- The Stately Water-front Shows the Three Great Divisions of the House, with the Portico to the Left 218 AMERICAN HOMES AND- GARDENS ‘A bf : H 4 H i i ; ; The Main Living-hall is Oval in Form and Walled from Floor to Ceiling with Selected English Oak tectural treatment is of the simplest, Mr. McKim having relied on his knowledge of correct proportion to make it interesting. There is no ornamentation, but simply brick and marble built up in the simplest form. The walls are of black and red Harvard brick, and the base-course, the string- courses, the cornices and the columns of the central portico of white marble. The design has a marked feeling of sim- plicity and strength well suited to the granite coast upon which the house stands. It is built with two semi-detached wings after the Georgian style. The east wing is used for the kitchen and servants. The west wing consists of a large open portico, open to the water and closed on the entrance-front. These wings are connected with the main body of the house by short passages one story in height. The Ionic colonnade is the chief feature of the en- trance-front. The wall to which it is applied is slightly recessed, giving a brief pro- jection to the end walls, which thus form end pavil- ions. Each of these pavil- ions is lighted by a single window in_- each _ story, placed in the center of an ample wall-space. They are simple rectangular windows, with the narrowest of frames, but with a large keystone to emphasize the flat brick arch that sur- mounts them; save for a small stone panel let into the wall above the lower window, there is no orna- - ment applied to these pavil- Md IL by PY te aa ee PD, = es a < S The Fireplace in the Main Living-hall is of Yorkshire Stone October, 1906 ions, except the single straight string below the upper windows and the very restrained cornice that sur- mounts them. The simplicity which distin- guishes the end pavilions also char- acterizes the central wall which connects them. Rectangular open- ings are the rule throughout, save the two small ovals on each side of the portico. The entrance-doorway is thus straightly bounded by a broad, molded frame; it has an _ orna- mental keystone and a carved band let into the wall above it. There is a window on each side between the adjoining columns,: and five win- dows in the second story. With the exception of the central one, all the windows of this part are narrower than those of the end pavilions. Above the cornice is the attic; the windows once more plainly rec- tangular, but surrounded with bricked frames, with small square upper corners and no keystones. Brick piers, to carry out the column idea and at the ends, complete the design of the front. The treatment that obtains in the center of the house is carried out in the wings. The windows are again rectangular and placed within generous spaces of wall. ‘The ceilings are somewhat lower than in the main part of the house and the cornices somewhat simpler. The low, slop- ing roofs thus take a more definite place in the silhouette than the similar roof of the main building. The water-front by no means reproduces the features of the entrance-front, although thoroughly in harmony with it. The conspicuous feature here is the great rounded center, with plain brick pilasters supporting the main cornice. There are no end pavilions, the house extending in an un- October, 1906 Phiten CAN FOMES' AND GARDENS The Dining-room Has the Quality of a White Room; the Walls are French Gray with White Moldings and White Ceiling Mrs. Coolidge’s Bedroom Has a Paneled White Wainscot with Walls of Light Gray 220 ] broken wall on each . - ] side of the central semicircle. The win- dows of the first floor all reach to the floor, but are other- ise similar in Gic- The beautiful fea- ture of this front 1s the portico, which is placed on _ the right as one comes from the house onto the sea-terrace. It is a structure of beau- tiful grace and dig- mity,, adi toa bly, studied in detail, a lounging-room of immense attractive- ness, and a building complete in_ itself, yet quite obviously related to the dwell- ing with which it is associated. And this, notwithstanding the fact that it has an Italian feeling of its own which differ- entiates this house from any other in this country or else- where. Mr. McKim, who knew this part of the coast well, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS In the Center of the Water-front is a Great Rounded Bay that Gives a Characteristic Form to the Central Rooms appreciating the superb views to be obtained from this place, borders. October, 1906 one of the finest sites on the whole North Shore, endeavored to build a_ house which would fit into its surroundings and enable those living in it to appreciate the beauties of the natural — surround- ings. His house is eminently successful in this respect, and the portico is the chief means em- ployed to make the eternal advantages available to the owner. Like the other parts of the house it is thoroughly simple and direct in_ its style. It is open on two sides, toward the sea and at the further end. Its de- sign consists of a colonnade support- ing a plain, brick frieze which carries the upper cornice. In the ‘cefiter isiea round arch, supported by doubled columns, and on either side of this are two slabs of white marble let into plain brick Below the Central Terrace of the Water-front is the Formal Garden, a Mass of Brilliant Flowering Directly on the Sea October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Beautiful Feature of the Water-front is the Portico ii i DTN Seite The Portico is an Out-door Lounging-room of Immense Attractiveness and Affords Lovely Views of the Water Just Below It N Mr. Coolidge’s Den is a Pleasant Little Room Whose Striped Walls are Almost Covered with Framed Etchings The whole of this side of the house is supported on ter- races. ‘The first of these is of brick and immediately sur- mounts the basement beneath the house. It is enclosed within a handsome old wrought-iron railing and is pro- vided with stone steps which descend to the lower terrace. This is a spacious and delightful space, supported, on all sides, by a wall of rough stones, carrying a dressed-stone coping and forming at once a retaining-wall and closed barrier to the lower grounds without. The latter are reached by stone steps of ample size. The sea, the beauti- ful quiet sea that one meets with everywhere on this lovely coast, is just beyond, scarcely further than the base of the lower terrace-wall. At the top of the steps that lead down to it are two great Italian amphore, standing like solemn sentinels at the furth- est point of the house struc- tures, silently marking at once the beginning and the ending of the home grounds. But on the sea side only; for below the terrace on the right, as one looks toward the sea, is a gracious flower- garden, simply laid out in a formal style, with great rec- tangular beds of brilliant flowers, and with loftier bushes and denser foliage below the terrace-wall. Still ravevanvstadtventsttiesnseerrcresrer? further on is the service-en- €° ~ trance, and beyond that again a_ second flower- garden, close to the con- servatories and stables that complete the structures of this beautiful sea-estate. The entrance-hall is en- tered from the main door- way without an intervening vestibule. It is a rectangu- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 lar room with cut-off corners on the op- posite side. “The walls are white; the ma- hogany doors are provided with heavily molded frames, and above each of them is a panel in relief. On each side of the central door is a round arched niche. The ceiling is supported by a triglyphed frieze. To the right is the staircase-hall. It has a wainscot of whitewood, paneled, and green walls. The stairs have a railing with delicately twisted banisters. On the walls are old English paintings, part of Mr. Coolidge’s fine collection which is distributed throughout the house. The rugs on the hardwood floor and stairs are Oriental. The main living-hall is entered from the central doorway of the entrance-hall. It occupies the exact center of the house, and is a beautiful oval room, the far end, which is lighted by three windows, occupy- ing the rounded extension which is the con- spicuous feature of the water-front, while the entrance-hall is given a corresponding shape. It is forty-two feet long and twenty- five feet wide, and is treated in the old Eng- lish style. It is paneled throughout in selected English oak, the richly detailed cornice being carried on channeled pilasters, and the intervening spaces being filled with small rec- tangular panels of the Jacobean type. The fireplace of Yorkshire stone has no mantel-shelf. The floor is of im- ported Yorkshire stone, partly covered with handsome Oriental rugs. The ceiling is of plain white plaster. Red velvet curtains hang at the windows, and the furniture is covered with red damask. On the walls are many fine old English portraits. The dining-room has all the qualities of a white room. The wainscot is of wood painted white. The walls are paneled in French gray, with moldings of white. The cornice is decorated with delicate reliefs and the ceiling is plain and white. The mantel is an old English one of white The Entrance-hall is White, with Mahogany Doors Within Heavily Molded Frames October, 1906 marble inlaid with colored marble; over it is a large square mirror in a gilt frame. The floor is of hardwood and has no central rug. ‘he light-fixtures, which are applied to the walls, are of silver. On the opposite side of a connect- ing corridor is a small breakfast-room, and beyond are the service-rooms and the servants’ quarters, both very com- pletely developed, as befits a mansion of this size. The living-room or library is on the right of the hall. The walls are white and are paneled in wood throughout, with pilasters and a frieze. The mantel is of mottled green and white marble and has no mirror above it. Bookcases are built into the walls on two sides. The color is given by the curtains and furniture, which are of olive damask. The rug is in light tones in harmony with the general colors of the room. The light-fixtures are silver. Mr. Coolidge’s den, which adjoins the staircase-hall, is a pleasant little room with a wood mantel in one corner. ‘The walls are papered with crimson stripes and are almost com- pletely covered with framed etchings. The furniture is red and the curtains white. Beyond the staircase-hall is a vesti- bule which connects with the portico. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 223 The upper floors are given over to bedrooms and their connecting bathrooms. Colors of delicate shades have been chosen for these rooms, each of which has a distinctive color-scheme of its own, as well as being furnished in an individual manner. Mrs. Coolidge’s room is immediately above the hall, and is hence an apartment of unusual size, with a great rounded end at the further extremity. The walls have a paneled wainscot of wood, painted white, and are of a very light gray. The same delicate tone is used for the bed-hangings. A vast rug, in which red is the pre- dominating tone, lies upon the hardwood floor. It is a charming room, beautifully placed in a beautiful house, a house which not only gives ample evidence of painstaking care in its building and its equipment, but a house filled with notable treasures of art, and erected, as has been stated, upon as fair a site as could be desired for suburban living. It is easily one of the most notable houses built by its archi- tects, and is as fine a type of the modern Georgian house as has yet been built in America. Nor should it be forgotten that it is beautifully situated and surrounded. Every natural and other charm adds to its interest and beauty. The Ornamental Value of Public Waters CMY O natural feature is at once so beautiful and so useful to a town as water. And this is true whether the town be built directly on the water’s edge or whether it include lakes, streams or ponds within its municipal limits. In whatever form the water is present, it should be sacredly preserved as one of the city’s most precious possessions. The ponds and lakes will need cleaning, the sluggish water must be made to flow rapidly, sanitary require- ments must be met at all costs, but the water must be pre- served as one of the most decorative features and as one of nature’s finest gifts to man. The latter, of course, is precisely the view of water that is not taken by the average American community. If a city happens to be built on a river or directly facing a harbor, it will be because the water-approach has been the most obvious one and is, perhaps, the city’s chief source of commercial strength. Witness, on this point, the wonderful harbor in the midst of which the city of New York rears its proud head. One of the most superb water-views in the world is that of New York, with its crown gf lofty buildings, rising directly from the waters that wash its shores on both sides. The great city would be fine to look at anywhere from without, but its water-approach gives it the most superb of all settings. But New York has almost completely ignored its water- front for ornamental uses. The grime and dust of commerce, in their most offensive forms, have taken to themselves the whole of the lower water-front, save the one jewel of Battery, Park. Further up the parks on the west side have preserved the water-front for the delight of every beholder; but save for these two exceptions—and they are brief enough—the whole of this matchless front is given up to commerce. Over in Brooklyn, where the river-bank is high, a restricted resi- dential section overlooks the commerce across the water, but this, too, is but slight in extent compared to the vast extent of the city’s water-area. Perhaps commerce needed all this; it is too late to dispute the point, but it surely does not need it in the horrid, ugly, flaunting way it has absorbed all this beauty. They do things better abroad, and many a great European port is fine to look at from its water-entrance, which, even though given up to commerce, has been developed and treated in an artistic way. Much must be done and vast sums spent before New York's water-front can be redeemed and made even respectable when seen close at hand. It is a reformation that has more than art necessity behind it, for present conditions are unspeakable and cry aloud for remedy. Few communities are so fortunately situated with regard to water as New York, and few, therefore, have thrown away so much. The river and the harbor may be demanded by commerce, but the inland waters are seldom required for such purposes. The lakes and ponds, therefore, if not unsanitary in condition and effect, should be eagerly availed of as decora- tive properties of the utmost importance. They give a note of personal beauty and character to any landscape, and afford opportunities for landscape results of a very striking and beautiful character. Water is, in fact, one of the most decorative of natural characteristics. Its surface is rarely still, for even the most sluggish of streams and the most torpid of lakes portrays a constantly changing view of everything reflected in it. And the very ugliest things have a charm and an unreality when seen in the water reflection; the more reason, truly, for sur- rounding it with beautiful buildings, for making the approach to it a thing of beauty, for setting it off as best may be, and utilizing its natural advantages to the fullest. A body of water of any size is a valuable artistic asset if its use but be understood and its value appreciated. No other natural feature gives so much in return for so small an out- lay. If the water has a utilitarian value its artistic aspects need not be neglected, but in utilizing it commercially some regard should be given to its art side. The waters of a town belong to the whole people. Every one can not make use of them in a commercial way, but at least every one can enjoy seeing them, enjoy the beauty with which they may be sur- rounded, enjoy the pleasure they must give to every right- minded soul. More and more American communities are awakening to the value of this public enjoyment, this public appreciation of parts that belong to the common whole. The civic awak- ening of which we hear so much to-day is due to exactly this fact. We are beginning to realize, as we never have realized, that there is a real value in beauty. Hence our parks and public places; hence the agitation for a more ornamental pub- lic life. Not all of the results of this agitation have been admirable, but the spirit behind them is worthy of the warm- est praise. The problems of ornamental water are not easy of solution in commercial localities. 224 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 A Home in a Nutshell By Janet Macdonald NTAGSRERI BSORBED in reflections anent the simple i aN life, enjoyed by the birds of the air, and the -*, full beasts of the field, as well as being adopted by modern faddists, I found myself trans- ported to a pretentious edifice, appointed , with all the modern conveniences to be found in a first-class hotel, office-building or apartment-house, with the additions and exceptions hereinafter related. The hall- ways were broad, well lighted, handsomely carpeted, and ap- propriately furnished, the walls being decorated with fine pictures, and occasional jardinieres of growing plants emitted a delightful fragrance. The light, also, was well regulated; not garish, but altogether suggestive of the light in happy homes of culture and refinement. A door was opened for me by a man, exceedingly polite, who at once introduced me to the interior of a diminutive, but perfectly arranged flat, and I was informed that this was but one of many similar ones under the same roof, the cen- tralization of labor and capital making the possibilities of modern conveniences observed in the construction and main- tenance of private homes quite within reach of small in- comes—elevator service, gas and electric lighting, steam heat, and elegantly fitted corridors. I was now to witness an entirely new and exceedingly clever device in the way of house-building and fitting, for my guide, after inviting me into an elegant parlor, at once, and with genuine and en- thusiastic alacrity, exhibited to my admiring eyes the minute details of a well-regulated home. The parlor was well lighted and commanded a noble view of mountain and stream, the plate glass windows being draped with the softest and whitest of fine lace. Under our feet the soft, yielding carpets; the furniture, in addition to elegance, represented the utmost comfort, a detail often slighted in home furnishing. The walls were hung with a limited number of really artistic pictures, and bits of fine statuary were in evidence to enhance the gentle spirit of home. My attention was called to a finely beveled plate-glass mir- ror which instantly, and with no effort, was transformed into a most inviting bed. I have seen all sorts of folding-beds, designed to beguile the unwary, and have, to my unspeakable regret, experimented with many, but I have never before seen a bed that was part and parcel of the very house in its construction. By simply touching a button, this remarkable bed lowers itself into the room and there it stands, a beauti- ful brass bedstead with a bed all ready for use. ‘This bed was composed of a fine hair mattress, downy pillows, and with comforts of down and sheets and pillow slips of dainty and immaculate purity. The recess in the wall from which the bed is pulled, is closed automatically by a head-board as the bed is lowered into position, and when down it is a moral impossibility for that bed to close accidentally, or to collapse through sheer wickedness. My attention was also called to a simple device at the lower corners of the bed, which grasped the corners of sheets, blankets and puffs, which are held se- curely in place when the bed is up, and hang separated from each other by about one and a half inches. Then this won- derful bed shuts into a ventilated closet some twenty-five or thirty inches deep, and opposite a window, allowing not only the free air of heaven to circulate through it, but the rays of California sunshine to penetrate and purify it during the en- tire day. “This,” I declared, “is an ideally healthful and per- fect bed.”’ As the door closed upon the inspection of the ven- tilating closet, I observed upon the back of it a bookcase and writing-desk, with additional drawers at the bottom, all pro- jecting into the ventilating closet, a panel in the door myster- iously unfolding to form the desk. I was next directed through the living-room (which is a complete replica of the parlor, and separated from it by fold- ing doors), to the kitchen, for people must eat, whether the salary be a princely one or only fourteen dollars per, and I was greatly delighted at the miniature perfection of the dear- est little kitchen I ever saw. Walls and floor were artistically tiled, the walls above the tiling were lined with shelves, space having been allowed for a cupboard and meat safe; a por- celain sink and drain for dishes, and a stove—a gas range hung on the back of a door leading into the living-room. This door is hung on a central bearing, so that with the gas still burning, the stove may be turned right about face into the living-room, now transformed into the dining-room, where it is used as a hot buffet from which food may be served piping hot directly to the table, and making the service of a servant entirely superfluous. After the meal is over, the door upon which the range is hung is instantly re- versed and the living-room, with no appearance of a kitchen, is restored. The guide showed me a table quite large enough to serve a luncheon upon. “But,” I enquired (having in view the in- evitable family), ‘‘supposing there be more than two?” “Oh!” he replied, “that is easy. If you will take a seat, I will show you how that may be arranged without trouble.” And suiting the action to the word, he quickly rolled the table to the door, and tipping it on end caught two hooks on the side of a table-top, which he found suspended on the door, into the opening in the table prepared for their reception, and again lowering the table he had gained a top of four by six feet quite capable of seating a family of six. I was amused at the transformation, which with all the preceding magical lightning changes, had convinced me of the remarkable possibilities future housekeeping had in store for us. “To replace it is quite another thing,” I said, instantly thinking of the cumbrous table-top. “No!” again asserted the guide, ‘‘quite the same thing. See!’ He again rolled the table to the door, and again tipping it at the same angle, lo! the table-top remained upon the door, and the center-table was again standing in the living-room, as innocent of the black art as though it were not one of the principal con- spirators. I had now seen a parlor, a living-room, two sleeping- rooms, a dining-room and a kitchen, besides the reception- | hall. The apartment-house proper is erected with a double wall, the distance between the outer and the inner wall being about sixty inches. These walls serve a double purpose. In the first place they are sanitary, giving the finest possible ventilation; the building is warm in the winter, and cool in the summer; they allow space for bathroom, storage-rooms and the necessary ventilation-closets for the reception of the beds during the day. The labor in these magical apartments has been reduced to a minimum. Space has been economized but has not detracted from, but rather increased, the comfort. The apartments are furnished complete for housekeeping, including dishes, silver, table-linen, and bed-clothing, with the laundering of the two latter. The electric lighting is free. A private telephone has been installed in each suite for the use of occupants. Should one not desire to live in an apart- ment-house, he may build a cottage of three rooms, and still have all the comforts of a five-room flat by this system. October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 2.2.5 = AS Se Transformation of an Artistic House into an Italian Villa —— —_* = By Francis Durando Nichols HEN Mr. John Cheney Platt purchased the | simple, artistic house on the Eagle Rock in its outlines the possibility of transform- ing it into a modified “Italian Villa,” and the paramount suggestion which was pre- sented to express this scheme was the addition of the tower at the corner of the house, which not only gave three addi- tional rooms, but also added dignity to the exterior. The grounds contain over two acres and the house is placed edge- wise to the street, with the approach quite close to the north line of the property. The main entrance to the house is from this side, leaving the broad expanse of lawn and garden to the south side, of which broad vistas are obtained from the living-rooms. The approach to the house is from the main road, pass- ing in a straight line to the front door, beyond which, sepa- rated by a latticed screen, it extends to the service-court and to the stable. The exterior of the house is covered with hewn shingles of the old-fashioned type, treated with whitewash, while the trim throughout is painted white, except the blinds, which are painted an apple-green. The roofs, which are doubled with air-space between, are covered with canvas, painted gray. The hall is octagonal in plan. The woodwork is of handsome design, the trim of the door and the parts formed by the octagon rise like pilasters to a massive carved frieze Way, Montclair, New Jersey, he observed ‘ which extends around the hall at the intersection of the wall and ceiling. To the left of the hall is the reception-room, which has paneled walls, ivory-white painted trim and frame-work, and tapestry wall-covering. To the right of the hall is the old dining-room, which is now used for a study for the children. The drawing-room, which is also the living-room, occupies the main part of the house, and is built at a lower level than the floor of the rest of the first story. The color-scheme is green and ivory-white. The walls are paneled, with the spaces between hung with green velour, of a soft shade, while the frame to the panels is painted ivory-white. The length of the room is broken into three divisions by the groups of columns placed at intervals along each side of the room. The columns have composite capitals and were taken from one of the beautiful Italian villas near Florence. There are eight of these columns; four on each side of the room. At one end of the room is a broad, open fireplace with facings of Indiana limestone. The new dining-room, which is in the tower, is reached from the living-room by a short flight of steps. The walls are paneled to the height of eight feet, above which they are covered with a rough-plaster coat, left in its natural state. This panel-work and the beamed ceiling is of butter- nut, a wood seldom used—and is treated with a wax finish, very effective, and brownish in color, like French walnut. The fireplace has Roman brick facings and hearth, and a HEN Mr. John Cheney Platt purchased the simple, artistic hi outlines the ‘possibility of transforming it into a modifiec to express this scheme was the addition of the tower at. but also added dignity to the exterior. The grounds contain oye approach quite close to the north line of the property. i % . A Sun-dial with a Handsomely Carved Pedestal Stands on the Lawn The Pergola Covered with Grapevines From Which Steps Lead in Front of the House to the Sunken Garden Licienpenagivesianidnatend Sra renee Vaile An Italian Mantel of the Sixteenth Century, Rare Old Tapestries and Old Italian Furniture Are the Features of the Dining-room HE approach to the house is from the main road, passing in a straight line to the front door, beyond which, separated by a latticed screen, it extends to the service- court and to the stable. == Italian Charactistics Prevail in the Drawing-room. The Over- in the Eagle Rock Way, Montclair, New Jersey, he observed in its Kilian Villa,” and the paramount suggestion which was presented -lorner of the house, which not only gave three additional rooms, “) acres and the house is placed edgewise to the street, with the ; \v yu ok bEEPRERE i) Mr? The Alteration was not Excessive But the Tower Adds the Charm The Stately Columns in the Drawing-room Were Brought of Italian Characteristics From Italian Villas The Grassed Lawn and the House Before the Alteration. Contrast this View with that of the Altered House HE exterior of the house is covered with hewn shingles of the old-fashioned type, treated with whitewash, while the trim throughout is painted white, except the blinds, which are painted an apple-green. @Contains a Copy of One of Puvis de Chavannes’ Paintings | 228 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS mantel of Caen stone, and of the sixteenth-century style. It was imported from Italy and when found it rested in an old castle which is now used for a stable, and was black with soot and stain. In the face is inscribed the following motto: ‘‘Paciens Gloriabi Tur.’ The sideboard is an Italian piece of the seventeenth century, with bronze heads and orna- ments; the chairs are copies from old Naples designs, and are covered with embroidered red velvet, and are orna- mented with bronze heads of Satyrs on top. Upon the walls are some rare pieces of tapestry. The doors are con- cealed by being paneled in the wainscot. At one end of the dining-room is a large French window overlooking the garden. The old kitchen remains as in the original plan, but the original butler’s pantry is transformed into a lobby from which access is obtained to the dining- and morning-rooms, and kitchen. The butler’s pantry, store-pantry and laundry are enclosed in the new addition and each is fitted up with all the best modern fixtures complete. The original plan of the second floor contained four bed- rooms, bathroom and one servant’s bedroom, while the completed plan, as now shown, presents one extra suite, con- taining one bedroom, dressing and bathroom and an extra servant’s bedroom and bath. The garden is quite the feature of this estate and is laid To Preserve LL ladies know that the life of cut flowers is prolonged by periodically recutting the ex- tremities of their stems (by preference slant- wise and under the water), and by putting a little charcoal into the water in which they are placed. Certain specialists further rec- ommended the addition to this water of various substances, such as boric acid, salt, camphor, soapsuds, and chlorate of ammonia. ‘They advise also the burning of the extremities of the stem, or sterilizing the same by immersion in alcohol or some other antiseptic. All these methods are inspired by the theoretical principle that it is of great importance to assist the nutrition of the flower and to prevent putrefactive fermentation, capable both of accelerating the decomposition of the cells and of obstructing the tubes that convey the water to the top of the stem. But hitherto no one has thought of systematically studying the action of the various above- mentioned methods. Messrs. Fourton and Ducarnet, pro- fessors in the Ecole Nationale d’A griculture at Rennes, have begun a series of experiments on this subject, the first results of which they have just announced. The experiments were on the following flowers: Violet, celandine, iris, narcissus, aster, fumitory, myosotis, woodruff, marguerite, syringa, catch-fly, snap-dragon, and primrose. There was added to the preserving water, in various degrees of concentration, mineral acids (hydrochloric, nitric, sul- phuric) ; bases (soda, potash, ammonia, lead, etc.) ; salts (of sodium, potassium, iron, lead, etc.) ; antiseptics (boric acid, sublimate, sulphate of copper, etc.) ; wood charcoal; organic matter (acetic, oxalic, tartaric, citric acid, alcohol, glycerin, ether, soap, sugar, gum arabic, tannin, gelatin, cam- phor, etc.). The wood charcoal aside, all the substances hitherto recommended for the preservation of flowers and mentioned above are unfavorable to that preservation, under the conditions in which the experiments were carried out; to wit, with bouquets of small size in comparison with the quan- tity of water in which they were placed. ‘Those bouquets, indeed, were preserved without perceptible putrefaction, October, 1906 out in close relationship to the house which is built with all its living-rooms facing it. One entrance to the sunken garden is from the approach to the house, which has a white painted gate and hood with a pergola effect, over which are grapevines and climbing-roses. Near this en- trance, and in front of the house is placed a sun-dial, with a handsome pedestal. A brick-paved walk from this entrance lands one at the rear porch, from which one may enter the house. ‘This porch is built in combination with the pergola, on which are now being grown grapevines and wistaria. “The terrace-wall is covered with brick; the abutments to the steps on either side are ornamented by old Italian olive-oil jars. Stone steps descend from the terrace to the sunken garden with its broad expanse of well-kept lawn, at the terminus of which is a wall built in a semi-circular form and in <\the center formed by this circle is a pool, on the waters of which are rare varieties of pond-lilies and lotus. To the right of the sunken garden, a short flight of stone steps leads to the woods beyond. Flower-beds are built along the terrace-walls, and are so planted that there is a continual bloom from early spring till late in the autumn. The garden, as well as the alteration to the house, was de- signed by Mr. Platt’s brother, Mr. C. A. Platt of New York, and the whole scheme is characteristic of delightful surroundings. Cut Flowers but the flowers became faded more quickly than those of the bouquets placed in the pure water. Perhaps, in case the bouquets were very large in comparison with the water for their preservation these substances might have the advantage of retarding the putrefaction. But, apart from that, they are injurious to the preservation of the flowers. The substances newly tried that have appeared useful are: Organic matter, in quantities from one per cent to ten per cent: chloral, sugar, glycerin, alcohol. Mineral substances, in very weak concentrations, a ten- thousandth and less: lime water, potash, etherized water, nitrate of potash, kainite, sulphate of potash, phosphate of potash, phosphate of ammonia, chloride of calcium. The character of the most favorable substances varied according to the flower. Caustic potash and lime water main- tained the preservation of the primroses from fifteen to twenty days; the myosotis lasted thirteen days in unchanged water—-seventeen days, the water changed daily; twenty-two days in the water to which ten per cent of saccharose had been added, etc. Finally, the duration of preservation is the greater as the distance from the surface of the liquid to the base of the flower is decreased; and, in the majority of cases, it was noticed that it was useless to renew the water when any substance whatever had been added to it. Messrs. Four- ton and Ducarnet will continue their experiments. It is obvious that these experiments must yield interesting and valuable practical results. Just what these are, and how popularly applicable these preservative methods may be adapted to household uses, it is yet too early to determine. But the outlook is promising. Apart from the effect of various substances which these experiments disclose they seem to establish the fact that some one material will hardly be available as a preservative. ‘This fact, if it really be a fact, will tend to diminish the utilization of such methods in the household. But there are many general uses of cut flowers where a definite preservative will find welcome use, and where its help will be of the greatest possible value-—From L’ Illustration. 1906 October, Three AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 229 Houses of By Ellis Welch OO MUCH importance can not be impressed upon the mind of the intending house- builder in the selection of a design for his house, for while the house often does, as it should, present a personal expression of one’s taste, it should also meet the necessary requirements, such as are demanded by the site upon which it is to be built. The surroundings and setting for a house form a very strong factor in the selection of its design. In the planning of the houses illustrated in the accompany- ing photographs, much care has been given to the arrange- ment of the various rooms and the utilization of all the available space. In doing this it means something more than the getting of the largest number of rooms in a given area, for the rooms must be properly re- lated to each other and thoroughly adapted to the use for which each apartment is in- tended. After the plans were settled came the designing of the elevations and the work was done. Mr. W. K. Bene- dict, architect, of New York, made a distinct departure from the Colonial _ house shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and the English __half-tim- bered house shown in Figs. 5 and 9, when he designed the house for Mr. Wil- 1—A Brick Fireplace Adoms the Hall, Which}isg immed with Oak Artistically Adapted to Individual Needs liam D. Peck at University Heights, New York, shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The site is a hilly one, receding with rapid descent from the street grade, and, in consequence, it was necessary to build the house in accordance with its site. It has, therefore, three stories in the street-front, and four at the rear. The building is unusually interesting, presenting, as it does, a foundation of local rock-faced stone with hints of red and green in the gray of the stone, which add a subtle touch to the color harmony of:the whole. The superstruc- ture is built of stucco in gray for the first story, and brown- stained shingles for the second story. The porch at the front is an attractive feature with its white-painted bal- ustrade. The house is crowned with a massive over-hang- ing roof covered with shingles stained a moss-green, and finished with a terra-cotta cresting. Red brick chimneys also add an extra tone to the whole seneral —color- scheme. The lower floor of the house, Fig. 3, is arranged so as to give a delightful feeling of space and freedom within a comparatively small compass. Ihe square hall, Fig. 1, reached from the front, through a vestibule with tiled floor and paneled wainscoting, occupies the center 230 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of the house, and opens to the living-room on the right and to the dining-room on the left; the openings are very broad and provided with sliding-doors. This hall is trimmed with oak and has a paneled wainscoting. The surface of the ceiling is well broken by handsomely molded beams. The ornamental staircase rises at the front of the hall with a broad landing over the vestibule. The fireplace is built of brick with the hearth and facings of similar brick; the fac- ings extend to the mantel-shelf, which is of oak, and hand- somely carved. At the end of the hall is a door with win- dows on either side, from which broad vistas are obtained of the river below. The door opens onto the balcony which overhangs the cliff. The living-room, sixteen by twenty- eight feet, is exposed on three sides. It is trimmed with ma- hogany and has a wall decoration in ivory-white and yel- low, the whole of which is_ finished with a wooden cornice. The fire- place has tiled fac- ings and hearth, and a paneled mantel and over-mante] with mirrors. Broad windows pierce the walls on the front and rear of the room, while at the side are two win- dows with a broad space between, providing ample oppor- tunity for a piano or bookcase. ' The dining-room, seventeen by twenty feet, is trimmed with oak. At one end of the room is a broad bay-window with paneled seat, and at the side opposite the entrance is a fireplace furnished with tiled facings and hearth and a mantel of oak. The butler’s pantry occupies the remain- ing space of this side of the house, and contains the rear stairway in combination with the front stairs, and also the DINING ROO/N 17'OX 20'0° i = LIVING ROoO/1. 15:6°X28'0" TARST Bloom VieAN 3—A Convenient Arrangement of Rooms is Shown by a Study of the Plans is ny 2 2—A Distinct Departure was Made in the Designing of This House October, 1906 stairway to the basement, the dumbwaiter to the kitchen, and sink, dresser, cupboards, etc. The bottom of the base- ment is on a level with the grade at the rear of the house; consequently, it permits placing the kitchen and its de- pendencies in the basement, which contains a well-fitted kitchen, good pantries, store-pantry, laundry, servants’ hall and the cellar containing the heating apparatus and fuel- rooms. = The second floor shows a hall, square in form, and of the same woodwork and color-scheme as the lower hall, and the windows placed at the side of the stair- case Wwoabthe tame stained-glass tran- soms shed a_ pleas- ant light over it as well as upon the staircase. In all the bedrooms the wood- work is treated with white-painted trim, with doors finished in mahogany. There are four bedrooms on this floor, all of good dimensions and provided with well- fitted closets, and two bathrooms. The owner’s suite, con- sisting of one large bedroom with a combination — dress- ing-room and bath, is quite the feature of this floor. The bathrooms have tiled wainscotings and floors, and porcelain fixtures and exposed, nickel-plated plumbing. The third floor has three bedrooms, two of which are provided with lava- tories, and also trunk-rooms. In the designing of Mr. Edward P. Coe’s house at Engle- wood, New Jersey, Mr. Aymar Embury, II, the architect, of Englewood, New Jersey, has accepted the English half- timber house as its prototype. (Figs. 5 and 9.) The house is built of a combination of brick, stucco and _half- timbered work. The underpinning is Harvard brick, laid in BED Roory. BED ROO/’. 13'0'% 141.6" 170% 39:0" = ————— a] | BALCONY. - 11'0"X Lo" BATH Room. 6'OX%K 110" SECOND) FIZOOR PVA: re vs October, 1906 white mortar with tooled joints. The rest of the building is beamed. The beam- work is stained a soft brown color, and the panels are filled with stucco, left in its natural silver-gray color. The roof is covered with shingles and stained a brilliant red. Upon entering the house one finds one’s self in a square hall with the stairs going up at the back of it. Under the stairs, a door leads to the coat-closet, to the kitchen and to the rear stairs. ‘This is arranged so that the master of the house can go to the cellar without passing through the kitchen, Fig. 6, as is usually the case; this passage also forms an easy access to the front door from the kitchen. ene hall is trimmed with white pine and _ treated with white-enamel paint. The staircase has a painted balus- trade and a mahog- any rail. To the left of the hall, and ex- tending the entire depth of the house, is the living-room, Fig. 7, treated in the Colonial style, with white-painted trim, wooden cornice, and a fireplace with fac- ings and hearth of brick, and a mantel placed at one end of the room, while at the opposite side is a broad window-seat over which is a cluster of windows. side of the room open onto a broad loggia; it has a brick floor, and in winter is enclosed witti glass and heated. The _ dining-room, Fig. 8, trimmed with Flemish oak, has a paneled wainscoting four feet in_ height, above which the wall is covered with a large- figured paper and fin- ished with a wooden cornice. At the east side of the room is a flower-window filled with growing plants. The fireplace has brick facings and hearth, and a mantel-shelf supported AMERICAN, HOMES AND GARDENS BED ROOM BED FOOM BED- ROOM SECONDILOOR 4—Four Bedrooms, Two Maids’ Rooms and Two Bath-rooms Occupy the Space on the Second Floor French windows at one KUTCHEN — eteter Lateclle | DINING EM Tirst fLoor 6—A Large Living-room is the Principal Feature of the First Floor i) Ww on brackets. [he small den, opening from thx dining-room, is treated with forest-green effect, and has bookcases built in, paneled seats and an open fireplace. The but- ler’s pantry, forming the connection between the dining-room and _ the kitchen, is fitted sink, dressers, drawers, etc. The kitchen, of large dimensions, is fur- nished with all the mod- ern conveniences, and they are so arranged as to leave the window-side of the kitchen free. There is a large, open hall on the second floor, with from which entrance is made to the four bedrooms and bath- room, and to the servants’ hall and stairway, which forms access to the two servants’ bedrooms. The master’s bed- room has a private bathroom attached, and this, as well as the other bathroom, is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The woodwork on this floor is treated with white paint. There are two bed- rooms and bathroom on the third floor. A cemented cellar con- tains the laundry, heating apparatus, fuel-rooms, etc. The house shown in Figs. Io and I1 is after the Colonial style, and is designed with the detail used in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The second house illustrated, Figs. 5 and 9, is designed in the half-timbered style, with rough beams and plaster panels, while the third house is designed with Spanish feeling. Figs. 10 and 12 pre- sent an interesting and attractive house, de- signed in a simple man- ner in the Colonial style and with square outlines. It was built for D. H. Standish, Esq., at Glen Ridge, New Jersey. It is planned to accommo- date a fairly good-sized family, and the various rooms are arranged so as to give a maxi- mum of air, sunlight, NR 7 >) 7—The Living-room Extends the Full Depth of the House AMERICAN HOMES AND CAR DENS October, 1906 as the entire house, except the den, is treated with white- painted trim. It has a low Colonial wainscoting of plaster, painted white, above which the walls are covered with an old-rose tone. The staircase has oak treads, white-painted risers and balusters, and a mahogany rail. The wainscot- ing extends up and around the staircase to the second floor. The living-room, Fig. 13, to the right of the entrance, is sixteen by twenty-six feet and is exposed on three sides, with doors opening on the piazza. Opposite the entrance to the room is an open fireplace with onyx facings, and a mantel of fine Colonial pattern. The walls have a low wainscot above which they are covered with crimson and finished with a molded cornice. “They harmonize well with the white-painted trim and the built-in bookcases. The den is trimmed with oak, finished with Flemish treat- ment; it has a paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are finished with a green wall-covering. At one end of the oe room is a bay-window, fitted with a window-seat, and at the , side is a door opening onto the piazza. The dining-room, Fig. 14, also has a low wainscoting, and an open fireplace with brick facings, and hearth and mantel of good design. The walls are covered with a and a pleasant outlook. The porches are built so that brownish green tone wall-covering. A door at the side of they do not shade all the rooms of the first floor, which is the fireplace opens onto the porch, which is placed at the side so often the case, and the en- trance-porch, placed at the front of the house, is sep- arate from the _ living- porches placed at either side of the house, thereby afford- ing privacy to the family. The house is placed some distance from the roadway and is approached by a broad walk, hedged with privet on either side, leading to a short flight of granite steps which lands one at the level of the terrace, beyond which the front porch is reached. The terrace-wall is built of field-stone laid up at random, and in such a manner as to prevent the ap- pearance of its mortar joints. 8—Flemish Oak and a Paneled Wainscoting are Represented The underpinning is built of «ted brick ‘laid'sine red of the house, and another door opens to the butler’s pantry, which is well fitted with drawers, dressers and sink complete. The kitchen, which is beyond the pantry, is fitted with all the best modern conveniences, and includes large pantries, dress- ers, range placed against a brick chimney-breast, and a laundry placed beyond the kitchen and fitted up com- plete. The second floor is treat- ed with white-painted trim and delicately tinted walls. The owner’s suite consists of one large bedroom, dress- ing-room, and bathroom; besides this there are three guest-rooms and bathroom, in the Dining-room Scheme and also ample clothes- closets and linen-closet. mortar. ‘The superstructure is covered on the exterior with Three of the bedrooms have open fireplaces built of red brick clapboards and is painted white. The blinds are painted laid in red mortar, with facing and hearth of the same, and bottle-green. The roof, covered with shingles and left to weather-finish, is pierced by chimneys which are also built of red brick. The entrance-porch is provided with seats at either side, and a broad doorway, on either side of which are leaded-glass windows. Upon entering the house, one finds that the lower floor has been ar- ranged to give a delightful feeling of space and freedom within a comparatively small compass. ‘The central hall, Fig. 12, opens into the living-room and dining-room which are on either side; the openings being broad and arched, and without doors. At the end of the hall an opening permits one to enter the den, which is always a pleasant retreat, for as in the present plan it is especially convenient, as it may be used with equal advantage for a small reception- room, a library or study. The hall, as well 7s vs vs vie Lm ~« RAD ABA aba 9-——Harvard Brick, Beams and Stucco are the Materials Used for the Exterior of the House October, 1906 AMERICAN FROMES AND GARDENS i) WwW w 10—A Colonial House of Good Type, with a Central Hall and Rooms on Either Side, Beyond which the Living-porches are Placed There are two servants’ bedrooms and bath on the third floor and also a trunk-room. ‘The heating appara- tus and fuel-rooms are in the cellar. The house as a com- pleted whole represents a very excellent piece of Colonial work, and was designed by Mr. Lionel Moses, architect, of New York. All of the three houses have an interest of their own mantels. apart from each other. They are houses of good type, are well built and are planned in a thoroughly economical man- ner. ‘hey are designed in quiet taste and are finely adapted to the individual requirements of their owners, and they also well illustrate, to a marked degree, the moderate-priced house of the better class, and are just such houses as are desired by people of refined tastes and moderate means. Originality, Old and New history of our contemporary American architecture comes to be written, it will be strange indeed if the art historians of that day do not point out that the most signifi- cant movement in American building art at the af BE the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth was the deliberate copying and transplanting of UTIL UY bxis the designs of old buildings to American soil. As a matter of fact the readaptation of the designs of existing European buildings to the design of American structures is now so vigorous an industry that the moment a new design is pub- lished the first thought, in many cases, is, where did the archi- tect get the idea from? Hence it is that towers of Moorish Spain, Italian palaces, Gothic cathedrals, the designs of modern European buildings, and even the unexecuted 11—The Plans are Arranged to Accommodate a Fairly Good-sized Family 34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 1 3—Bookcases Built in, and a Fireplace with Onyx Facings and a Colonial Mantel are the Features of the Living-room 14—Colonial Furniture Carries Out the Characteristic Feature of the Dining-room projects of the students of the great French School of Fine Arts are reproduced in remodeled Ameri- can designs, to the great wonder of those who know their origin and have some familiarity with architectural history and with the methods of original design. For to copy is not to design. The ethics of re- modeling and readaptation are somewhat nicer and abound in fine distinctions which would re- quire a lifetime in their arguing. But the art of original design seems on the verge of extinction. Our architects are engaged in a veritable debauch- ery of copying and appropriation. Every facility is offered them. Ponderous volumes of existing details may be had for reasonable sums, in which everything that may be needed in a stately build- ing can be found by the ingenious borrower. All he needs to know is where the desired matter can be obtained. Indicating the required volume to his draftsman, he has little more to do until the com- pleted compilation is presented to him for final criticism and suggestion. It is delightful work, this architectural compila- tion. It means the reduction of the art of design to its simplest limits. It abolishes care. It destroys doubt. It saves thought. It increases speed. It adds to time. The time once spent in thought can now be given to mechanical drafting. The time once given to original designing can now be saved for the more congenial task of compila- tion. No need to wait on inspiration under this system, for no inspiration is needed. All that is required is a knowledge of where the necessary materials can be borrowed, and the rest is plain sailing. No architect believes a word of this. He will tell you in the most solemn manner that there is as much skill needed in compilation as in any effort of original design. He will tell you that these transplanted designs which are giving so foreign a character to our chief streets, have all been care- fully restudied, redesigned, readapted to new con- ditions; that the modern buildings are not the old ones transplanted, not the old ones made over in a wholly new and original manner. And then some wag will show you a photograph of the old build- ing and the new and calmly ask you which is which, or wherein the one differs from the other. In many cases it will be difficult to answer this ques- tion in a satisfactory manner. The time may come when the ethics of archi- tectural copying may be discussed on its merits, meanwhile it may be pertinent to point out that it ensures, on the whole, work of a very high char- acter. ‘here are many monuments of architectural art of extraordinary beauty and purity, work of a sort that no modern architect has either time or the ability to produce. There is a gain in borrow- ing this beauty because it is good; but there is a loss in originality and a distinct lowering of the status of architects. Pushed to the extreme it transforms the architect from a designer to a copier; he is no longer an original artist, but a com- piler; he no longer invents, but he takes; he is no longer a man of original thought, but a man who allows others to do his thinking for him. The churches of the medieval period, which epoch was distinctly original, have the same basic idea, but the development of the theme is individual in each case. October, 1906 AMERICAN ‘HOMES AND GARDENS Nw Ww - ‘““Wiseacre, the Residence of Charles L. Wise, Esq. East Orange, AST ORANGE is representative of good homes, and among the finest examples of domestic architecture recently built within its limits is ‘‘Wiseacre,’’ the residence of Charles L. Wise, Esq. This splendid house has been designed in the Georgian style and the designs of this particular period have been very carefully carried out throughout the interior and exterior, with finely executed detail and from carefully studied plans prepared by the well-known architect, Mr. Percy Griffin. The site upon which the house stands is a The Comfortably Furnished Porch Affords a Fine Outlook Over the Lawn prominent one, and comprises something over an acre of land, every bit of which is laid out in such a manner that no part of it is wasted. The house is placed some distance from the road, and is approached by a broad walk, on either side of which is a hedge of box. A short flight of granite steps lands one upon the terrace which is in front of the house, and ex- tending across the entire front. From the top of the granite steps, the broad walk continues on to the entrance- porch. An approach from the driveway at the side of the terrace also lands one at the front porch. The terrace at either side of the walk is grassed, and is held in place by a brick wall surmounted with a white marble coping. Dwarf box-trees decorate the inside of the terrace-wall. The porch has massive wooden columns, a Welsh tile floor, red in color, and a massive vaulted ceiling. The house is built from grade to peak with Harvard brick, laid in Flemish bond with white mortar well raked to show the joints. The trimmings are of white marble, except the cornice, which is of wood; this cornice and all woodwork on the exterior are painted white. The roof is covered with shingles and left to weather finish. Passing through the front door, which is provided with leaded-glass windows on either side, one enters the vestibule, which has a hardwood floor and paneled walls, treated with New Jersey white enamel. Beyond this vestibule is the main hall, which forms the center of the house. It is treated in the pure Georgian style, and has a white enameled trim, and a classic effect produced with fluted pilasters and [onic capitals placed at various intervals along the walls of the room, and the whole surmounted with a massive cornice. ‘This treatment harmonizes well with the wall-covering, which is of linen crash, in the tone of corn yellow. On either side of the vesti- bule are nooks, and opposite the entrance is an arched re- cess containing an ornamental staircase of fine design. The balusters and risers are of white enameled hardwood, and the treads and handrail are of mahogany. Upon the landing of the staircase is one large window with two smaller ones on either side, which shed a pleasant light over both the up- per and lower hall and the staircase. To the left of the hall is placed the draw- ing-room, which extends the full depth of the house. This room, as well as the entire house, is treated with white enamel, while the doors are of mahogany. ‘The walls are covered with crimson velvet, from the floor to the ceiling, and finished with a wooden cornice. The furniture and rugs are in harmony with this color-scheme. The broad open fireplace has facings and hearth of Pavanozza marble, and carved mantel of classic design. The House is Entered Through a Stately Porch Which is the Chief Feature of the Exterior The den is conveniently placed at the left of the staircase and nearly opposite the entrance. It is trimmed with oak, treated with acid, stain and wax, and harmonizes well with the Japanese grass cloth with which the walls are covered. The alcove with paneled seat, the beamed ceiling and the fireplace with its marble facings and mantel complete the features of this room, while the massive furniture with brown leather upholstery is in keeping with its treatment and also enhances its color-scheme. 236 AMERICAN HOMES AND SS UUDUUUINTS as GARDENS October, 1906 ee MN ant a ‘ ai ae om us os ORAS hrs This Splendid House Has Been Designed in the Georgian Style The billiard-room is at the rear of the den, and is finished with an oak trim of a burned gray color. It has a fireplace with marble facings and oaken mantel, and a bay-window with seat. [he alcove, which is provided with a raised plat- form and seat, is quite a feature. The lavatory off the bil- liard-room is also a convenience. The dining-room occupies the same space on the right of the hall as the drawing-room does at the left. It has a wall- covering of Japanese burlap in gold and green, and a fire- KITCHEN = / stRvice ‘STAIRS \ | MAIN} HALE ~ _— VEST|BULE / Peet Joon tes heel place with Pavanozza facing and hearth and mantel. This room connects with the rear porch by French windows, and to the butler’s pantry, the latter furnished with cupboards, drawers, dressers and closets, complete. This butler’s pantry SECOND FLOOR PLAN. is trimmed with ash and so is the kitchen with which it con- nects. his kitchen and its dependencies are fitted with all the best modern conveniences. The library is placed over the dining-room, on the second floor, and is trimmed with oak and finished with Flemish treatment. The walls are covered with linen crash of a greenish tone. The fireplace has tiled facings and mantel. French windows open onto the second story porch. ‘This room connects with the owner’s suite, consisting of dressing- yj October, 1906 room, two bedrooms, and bathroom. There is also on this floor a large hall and two guest-rooms, and a bathroom. Each room is treated with white enamel trim and the walls of each treated with artistic paper in one color-scheme and in keeping with each room; the tone, of color used being blue, purple, yellow and pink. All the rooms have fireplaces, ex- cept one, which are trimmed with white tiles and mantels. ‘The bathrooms are paved with white un- glazed tiles and wainscoted. The walls above the wain- scoting are covered with canvas and painted with white enamel. Each bath- room is furnished with porcelain fix- tures and _ exposed nickel-plated —plumb- ing. ‘There are two guest-rooms, nursery, trunk-room and three servants’ bedrooms and bath on the third floor. ‘The laundry, hot-water heating ap- paratus, fuel-rooms, are placed in the cel- lar. The grounds at the rear of the house have been very care- fully laid out and planted with growing plants and shrubs. The landscape work of the estate was done by J. S. Nick- ersae, of Melrose, Massachusetts. The elements which have made this house interesting and given it a char- acter and a distinc- tion of its own are easily manifest. They are, to put it briefly, the care the architect has lavished upon his work and the taste he AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Facings Built of Pavanozza Marble for the Fireplace and a Good Mantel are the Features of the Dining-room has expended upon it. These, of course, ani very happily, = ar characteristics by no means restricted to this one house, for they constitute the foundation on which all good building rests. There is a fine stateliness in the en- trance-front that at once attracts and in- terests the beholder. It is no easy thing to do this, and it is a singular circumstance that many interesting interiors are buried within exteriors of the most common- place description. Here, however, in this finely modeled silhouette, this strong brick wall, this state- ly portico, are dis- tinguished — elements which at once attract the attention and hold it. And this at- tention is easily held, and as agreeably, by the interior. This is exceedingly well done. The = archi- tectural parts are in good taste, the colors are well chosen, the furnishings are excel- lent. Nothing, in short, which could be done to make an at- tractive and beautiful home has been left undone. It is so gen- uinely good that it may truly be said to be all good. Both owner and _ architect may well congratu- late themselves on the complete success of their undertak- ing. Both the house and the grounds were planned and built un- der the personal di- rection of Mr. Percy Gri fin, New York. architect, 238 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 The Weed-Fields By B. S. Bowdish REN LMOST every country district has its weed- ( tracts, pests of the agriculturist, but joy of the lover of the artistic and beautiful in na nature, and incidentally the home of in- RC numerable forms of animal and vegetable ACL. life. In spring and early summer these tracts are the haunts of many birds, as well as of numberless species of insects. Here the vesper, field and grasshopper sparrows and the meadow-lark secrete their nests and rear their young. As the season advances the weed-growth becomes dense and Some Make a Cocoon of Silk of the Spider Gleams | Fern rank. On the uplands the goldenrod, purple aster and iron- weed deck the fields of early fall in glory, taking the place of the white and Michaelmas-daisies and dandelions. In damp places the beautiful cardinal flower blazes forth royally. Even in winter there is beauty in the scene, shrouded in its great white mantle of snow, beneath which the covey of bobwhite burrow out a warm, snug bedchamber for their own use. At this time the vicinity of the human habitation may take on something of an aspect of desola- tion, but out in the weed-field one can not so regard it. The flock of redpolls sweeping down to feed on the seeds of the tall weeds rearing their heads above the snow, lend color to the scene, while what could be more charming than the graceful evolutions of a flock of snow-buntings? No wonder they have been called ‘‘snowflakes,”’ so like are they to the eddying whirls of wind-driven snow! Then who can wander through the snow- covered weed-fields without admir- ing the dainty patterns that the tiny feet of the mice have traced? The weed-fields, like all the rest of the world, are either’ barren Spangled with Dew, the Cart-wheel Web The Solemn Toad Whose Big Blinking Eyes are Ever on the Alert for the Unwary Insect deserts or gardens rich in nature-lore and pleasure, according to the character of the visitor. If he knows how to see and appreciate, here is an inexhaustible mine of mysteries await- ing his solution, instructive facts on every hand, ready to contribute to his store of knowledge. Perhaps the early autumn is the most interesting season to visit the weed-fields, and a camera is a most valuable com- panion. Long after the first frosts have touched the foliage with blushes, the “‘morning-cloak”’ and milkweed-butterflies skim the fields and court the goldenrod and aster. Here and Unfolding Fronds of there the larve that are to bring forth next year’s butterflies and moths are feeding ravenously, storing up the vitality that is to carry them through the pupa period of mummy-like in- activity. Herein, alone, is a subject full of interest, even to the dabbler in nature-study. There are as many species of larve as there are perfect insects, and there are three distinct forms in which they pass the pupa stage of their existence. There are those that make a cocoon of silk which they spin after the manner of the silkworm. This is usually placed among the twigs of the tree or shrub on which the larva or cater- pillar has fed. It is composed, often, of two or three thicknesses of the silky material, and is tough and strong. Sometimes the out- side is reinforced with two or three leaves. In this cradle the larva undergoes the change to the pupa, and in time (in this form, usually the next summer), the second transformation to the per- fect insect. These caterpillars are smooth, nearly or quite devoid of hairs or bristles. They are all briskly ready for mischief. Fe October, 1906 Then there is another form—hairy caterpillars—which construct the cocoon largely from their own hair, usually under some object on or near the ground. ‘The third form suspend themselves, sometimes head downward, by a few silken threads, sometimes by a small mass of threads from the tail only, sometimes head up, with the same kind of tail support, reinforced by a single band about the waist. In this position they undergo simply a transformation in form, be- coming chrysalids. When the proper time comes the back skin splits and the butterfly emerges. The class of caterpillars is also naked, and the complete transformation from cater- pillar to butterfly may not occupy more than a few weeks. In these transformations many of the insects die. Some are too weak to effect the transformation; some are attacked by the ichneumon-fly, or other parasitical enemy. ‘The ichneumon-fly stings the chrys- alid or pupa and deposits an egg, which hatches in the body of the host. The devel- oping larva eats away the substance of the pupa when, gnawing his way through the skin, he emerges a perfect ichneumon-fly. Thus the chrysalid of the milkweed-butterfly that we find may seem, at a glance, to be all right, but observe the hole in the side. That is where the newly born ichneumon-fly came forth. Again, the novice can not always tell whether the silky cocoons that he finds in winter, hanging to the twigs of the bushes, contain living germs of the cecropia, poly- phemus, or prometheus moths, or only black, skeleton-like relics of the caterpillars’ forms. Time will tell. The thought of study or drudgery soon passes out of these pursuits. The observer admires the new and the beautiful as does the visitor to a flower-garden. He takes home from his winter-ramble the deserted summer home of some bird, speculating on the identity of its original owner, and wonder- ing at the marvelous architecture, or the cocoons of a colony of Cynthia moths from the chokecherry-bush, and the next From the Mummy-cradle Slowly Emerges the Moth with Folded, Crumpled Wings AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 239 foliage on which it is feeding. He supplies it with a wire screen cage, earth in the bottom, and a bottle of water to hold the leaves, gathered fresh, each day, and with the pleasure of an original discoverer, he watches the little creature’s de- velopment. Most insects are short-lived beings. very many of them live only long enough to insure the repro- duction of their kind. During one period or another of in sect existence a few species are beneficial to man, as the bees which furnish honey and fertilize the flowers, and certain pre- dacious insects which prey upon noxious species, and very many are harmful, consum- ing or destroying various forms of vegeta- tion. ‘To one seeking a harmless, and at the same time instructive “fad,” insect-collecting within reasonable bounds, can be recom- mended with free conscience, from the hu- manitarian standpoint, because the life is destroyed but very little before the allotted time; from the economic standpoint, because the sum total of the destruction of the in- sects involved will be beneficial to man. When the observer of nature goes afield with the camera, there are thousands of beautiful little phenomena that claim his attention, which otherwise might pass un- noticed. ‘The katydid and the grasshopper on the weed and bush stalks, the dainty thistle and milkweed-down, whose seeds the trim little goldfinches eagerly harvest, the solemn toad, whose big, twinkling eyes are ever alert for unwary insects; the toadstool, which ignorant belief formerly gave the function of a toad’s seat, and which figures so prominently in fairy-tales. Just be- yond the big clump of purple asters, where the rustic bridge spans the quiet pool, the frogs in guttural tone invite the ama- teur photographer to essay their portraits. Among the dead leaves on the bank, a belated turtle hustles away to select his winter resort. Spangled with dew, the cart-wheel web of the spider gleams, while in the twigs of the stunted cedar hangs In the mature state The Toadstool to Which Ignorant Belief Once Assigned the Function of a Toad’s Seat summer watches with delight the marvelous transformation, when from these mummy-wrappings slowly emerge the moths, with folded, crumpled wings, soon to unfold and spread their glories to the admiring gaze. Then the pursuit becomes interesting. The investigator takes home some summer’s day a caterpillar with some of the weed or tree- Stilll:Another Form of Hairy Caterpillar On its Feeding-ground the storm-battered home of the paper-wasp. If instead of fall it be spring, unfolding fronds of fern, and innocent-eyed blue violets delight the gaze. At whatsoever season, wander with eyes and ears really open in the weed-fields, those tracts despised by man, and manifestations of life, most wonderful and interesting, greet you on every hand. You make the : #3 * - 4 S — rs a Ee cs ns. Me et ; soa, A Belated Turtle Plodding His Weary Way acquaintance of innumerable little neighbors you knew not of before; your world is enlarged, your pleasures multiplied, and you come to feel that you have found a veritable garden of Eden in the weed-field. And this is done easily, readily and without real exertion. ‘There is vigor given to a day’s outing AMERICAN HOMES AND TCGARD EMS October, 1906 Where the Meadow-lark Secretes Her Nest when there is some definite end attached to it, something real to do, and something interesting to find. The camera yields no greater joy than when put to nature-study. Lasting me- mentoes of one’s walks, its work is never toilsome and its pleasures always delightful. Desert-plants as a Source of Drinking-water STRANGER left alone in a desert would die of thirst, and yet there is water in all deserts, and both the native animals and the native races know how to find it. his water is gathered and stored by plants, which have GLA\IN built and filled their reservoirs for their own purposes, but which yield it up, when required, for the use of the animal world. The extent of the root system in desert-plants, by means of which they absorb their water from the soil, is often as- tonishingly great. In the Mohave Desert of California a branching cactus (Opuntia echinocarpa), 19 inches in height, was found to have a network of roots extending over an area of ground about eighteen feet in diameter. ‘The roots lay near the surface, at a depth of two to four inches, a situation which enabled them to take advantage of a single substantial downpour and, before the precipitation had been again absorbed into the parched air, to suck up a supply of water sufficient, if need be, for a whole year’s use. Other desert plants send their roots deep into the ground for water, and a certain shrubby species of acacia found about ‘Tucson, Arizona, possesses, according to Professor R. H. Forbes, a double-root system, in which one series of roots spreads out horizontally, close beneath the surface, and a second series, sharply defined, goes directly downward into the soil. Such an arrangement enables the plant to seize upon water either from light precipitation or when deeply percolating under dry-stream beds. While the devices for absorption in desert-plants are un- usual, the mechanical contrivances by means of which these plants are enabled to retain the moisture they have absorbed are still more remarkable. Other factors being equal, the amount of water evaporated from a plant is proportional to the area of its green surface, which, in ordinary plants, is a foliage surface. A specimen of coffee-plant (Coffee arabica), weighing 20.5 grammes, is found to have a leaf surface com- puted at 164,476 square millimeters, which gives a ratio of 1 to 8,023. A specimen of bisnaga or barrel-cactus (Echino- cactus emoryi), in the conservatories of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, weighing 77,000 grammes (170 pounds) and without leaves, has a green stem surface of 1,032,320 square millimeters, with a ratio of 1 to 13.4. Thus foreach gramme of tissue a coffee-plant, representing the ordinary vegetation of a humid climate, has a green surface 599 times greater than that representing a gramme of tissue in cactus; or, in physiological terms, the coffee-plant, other factors being equal, is provided with means for the transpira- tion of 600 times as much water as the cactus. The practical value of such plants as a source of drinking- water is, of course, very great. Life upon many of the American deserts would be wholly insupportable without them, and travel quite impossible. They show, in a very striking way, some of the economical devices whereby Nature undertakes to remedy the evils she herself creates. “To the casual observer the part they take in correcting Nature’s drawbacks—and the deserts surely rank high in such a list— is unquestionably their greatest interest; but the scientific problems of water-collection and water-preservation which they present have a special interest of the deepest import. To the scientist it is this practical aspect which is of para- mount importance. Here is a group of plants whose eco- nomic value in other ways has not been ascertained perform- ing natural functions of a most surprising kind and under most difficult conditions. Nor is the amazement they must create in the human mind limited to the mere preservation of water. They are Nature’s reservoirs, not for man alone, but for animals, who have, for their part, discovered their life-preserving qualities, and make as ready use of them as men do themselves. eR October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 241 How to Lay Out a Small Plot Successfully By Ralph Child Erskine HE study of home-building is one of uni- versal interest, whether it be of that great army of humanity who live in layers, one family above another, trying to gather into a few small window-boxes a pitiful morsel of the world’s nature-beauty; or of the favored ones whose broad lands stretch out in rolling acres of fields and woods and pleasant valleys. But perhaps the most forlorn situation in which a lover of home-beauty finds himself is that of the man of small means who has been enticed into one of the typical villages that lie on the outskirts of any American city. Here the devastations of the real-estate agent confront him. Barren, weed-grown plots, all marked and staked, are his share; and he is bidden to conform his plans for garden and home to the narrow limitations of one or more of these ‘‘city lots.”’ But Mr. O. O. Watson in the village of Lowerre, N. Y., has not only solved this problem but has created a model for the thousands of gardeners in a similar situation. His garden is important for two reasons; although in reality a small piece of ground, it gives an impression of unlimited extent; and it is eminently successful in its use of the classic and antique ornament. Immediately the visitor is given the theme of the place by one of the most remarkable gateways in the country. Six feet of lawn intervenes be- tween the street-walk and the tall English privet hedge that gives an air of quiet and repose which is only increased by the enticing glimpse of garden and curving paths, seen through the heavy wrought-iron gate. While the two large vases of classic design that surmount the gate-posts are in complete accord with what lies within. The secret of creating in a small garden an impression of unlimited extent is to gain in miniature the graceful curve of roads and paths behind tree masses and through green fields, that is seen in a large estate. This is done by well-proportioned paths winding among dense masses of green, placed at the proper points of the turns. The paths should be not more than eighteen inches wide, clean-cut in the sod and clean-swept. There are a great many flowering bushes and leafy shrubs suitable to create the desired illusion of hidden depths. It is well to choose such as will grow a little higher than a man’s head. Mr. A— ANTIQUE HOLY. WATER FOUNT, B-SARPENESE LANTERN. COLD FLORENTINE UASE. D— cous XP ¥ASES 2% E-ANCIENT SHRINE, Fanos FSPAINX ENTRANCE x a n4 3 u a “ Plan of the formal garden; three divisions, each fifty by one hundred feet. Notice the isolation of formal ornaments by means of shrubbery al} (Combes -SUNKEN GARDEN A remarkable entrance; a rose-path continues on around to the right. In winter two red Florentine lions take the place of these vases Watson has used the white, purple and pink varieties of the old-fashioned Althea, or Rose of Sharon, for this purpose very effectively. As almost every gardener knows, these shrubs are not only of graceful shape and dense leafage, but during the entire summer are filled with gay blossoms. A circular bed of can- nas and elephant’s-ears, around a plant of the quick-growing castor-bean, great star-shaped leaves blend well with those below them, forms a satisfactory screen. It can easily be seen how charming is this last combination of large-leafed plants with the gorgeous plumes of the cannas interwoven. Fine specimens of the single-flower tree- hydrangeas flank the path within the gate (they are the parent of the less formal common hydrangea), and on the left stands a very large Florentine oil- or wine-jar. To the right a small wing of the house projects somewhat in the manner of a porte-cochere, over a winding rose-path, along which we have gone but a little way when our attention is arrested by a bed of dainty Ww hose 242 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 On the left within the entrance stands a large Florentine oil- or wine-jar, a single flower- tree hydrangea, whose perfume is almost as sweet as the honey-locust Ja piames € vinis against the gray stone foundation of the house. Or we are entranced, if it’ is ithe ‘early spring, by a maze of pink and white magnolia - blooms, such as it is a joy to know can flour- ish in this latitude. Straight ahead is a shady corner with rustic seats, not more than twenty feet from a door leading to the din- ing-room—a_ most fitting place for out- of-door meals. Here we are con- scious of a delicious sense of privacy and aloofness, for who can tell to what new depths the hidden paths may lead? ‘The effectiveness of salvia in masses is often demonstrated, but never is it more successful than when it adds its dash of color among the green of the shrub- bery of a small garden. Along the south- ern side of this plot it vies with the Japan- ese rubrum, melpomene, and album lilies, which thrive in the moist spaces between the bushes. A few trial specimens of hardy jessamine are also gradually winning their way. Back of the lot on which the house stands are two more at right angles to it, each fifty by one hundred feet. The first is level lawn surrounded by green privet hedges, along the right side of which is continued the rose-path to the side street, two hundred feet in all, affording the ice- man and his confréres a most unusual en- trance. These rose-bushes have the ap- pearance of growing directly from the sod, The sunken garden is made’on the natural level of the land. In/these narrow beds gay flowers are in bloom from early spring till frost as do all the little fruit-trees and flowering shrubs of this grassy quadrangle. ‘Thus the scrappy appearance of the bare earth in scattered flower-beds is avoided. Close to the house a small circular continuation of the hedge hides the offensive refuse-cans and ash-sifter so completely that no one save a curious pryer would discover their where- abouts. A Japanese purple cut-leafed maple will soon, if possible, offer more concealment. Here too are incon- spicuous green painted clothes-poles, convenient to the laundry. Against the street-hedge of this plot is a con- fusion of large flowering bushes such as the syringa and althea, which somewhat conceal the fact that there is the end of this part of the garden. Moreover they make a per- fect background for one of the first stone Japanese lanterns ever used for a garden in this country. It is said of these lanterns that they are set up by the roadside in Japan and kept burning, like shrines in Italy, by one who has sinned and wishes forgiveness. Nearby the lantern have been planted four varieties of Japanese prune-trees which have successfully withstood two severe winters. A_ small Mahonia aquifolium also lends the beauty of its glossy ereen leaves. This little shrub never fails us. In the snow of winter it is often as_ brilliant as autumn leaves and in the spring it is one of the first to attract the bees with yellow flowers. Mr. Watson has the natural gift of collecting what is rare and beautiful, but did he not pos- sess likewise the art of knowing how to place his vases, fonts, and sacred shrine, they would be worse t han useless alt seems that these things can be used only in two ways A shady corner for out-of-door meals. An Italian marble font filled with ivy and a dracaena in the foreground | October, 1906 A stone Japanese lantern beyond a large althea, and bed of cannas, elephant's ears and castor-bean in the lawn quadrangle. Notice how the arrangement of shrubbery to the right gives no intimation of the limits of the garden —first in a formal garden, and second, when each object has its separate setting. This last is gained in a small garden by isolating each piece through the grouping of the shrubbery, just as in the gaining of an effect of distance. The manner in which a marvelously graceful holy-water font is revealed best after you have passed beneath the pro- jecting wing of the house illustrates this. Turning, you see it beautifully outlined against the hedge, where it was hidden as you entered by the tree-hydrangea on your right. Thus the garden has an atmosphere of surprise about it, for we are ever discovering something new, or, what is more desirable to the owner of a garden, seeing what is familiar from a new point of view and in a new light. But truly there is no more happy placing of objects attrac- tive in themselves than in the arrangement of two little sphinxes at the entrance to the sunken garden—Madam du Barry and Madam de Pompadour, copied from the originals in the Louvre! Between them are three stone steps—enough of a drop to give a changing view-point by change of level. ‘This little domain of the two French ladies is just dainty and formal enough to be entirely in keeping. The construction of the sunken garden was comparatively simple. It is made on the natural level of the land, which is At the entrance to the sunken garden are two busts of Madam du Barry and Madam de Pompadour. In the foreground is one of the four beds devoted to Japanese lilies AMIE RICAN: HOMES AND GARDENS 24 oe) about three feet below that of the street. Thus what might have been a disagreeable feature was used to most clever advantage. Beneath the long central path a trench filled with broken stones and covered with earth acts as well as « direct drain to carry off all superfluous water. (This id is valuable in the making of a tennis-court.) On two sides it was necessary to throw banks of earth up to the street level, and the whole was sodded all around and the hedg« planted. The garden is laid out on the usual lines of a formal garden. ‘The paths are of clean, white builders’ gravel in contrast to the dirt paths above. On the left of the entrance four small beds are devoted to certain varieties of Japanese lilies which have been finding favor in this country the last few years. These dainty flowers can be kept blooming from June till frost, and although this is the first year of these bulbs the Henryi and Leichtlinii make a good showing. It is the owner’s aim ‘“‘to have something in blossom from the time the snow goes away till it comes again.’’ ‘Thus in the A carved-wood shrine for the adorned figure of the Virgin, carried in medieval processions. An appreciative traveler abroad is able to procure such things for a fraction of what it would cost to duplicate them. On the night is the circular hedge that screens ash-cans, etc. narrow beds that line the inner walks this idea is carried out. Many varieties of iris, lilies, peonies, phlox, aquilegiae, small rose-bushes, and a graceful confusion of other flower- ing plants too numerous to mention, successively make of this little place a garden the like of which for grace and charm is rarely seen. The hedges of English privet are one of the chief char- acteristics of the place, and deserve special attention. That portion adjacent to the front entrance had attained its pres- ent height and thickness of seven feet by four feet when it was five years old. Success in growing these hedges might be said to be directly proportionate to the amount of water the bushes receive when they are young. A striking feature of the hundred feet of hedge along the southern front of the garden is a series of eighteen-inch brick piers, six feet high, at intervals of twenty-five feet. These are topped with stone, and on each is placed a classic vase of terra-cotta, after originals in the Naples museum. These vases can be procured at comparatively little cost and when filled with a plant of the Yucca-like Dracena, form a very unusual and artistic addition to the otherwise severe lines of the hedge. In winter two Florentine lions, also terra-cotta, now at either end of this hedge, take the place of the vases on the entrance gate-posts. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 By EBEN E. REXFORD. » BULBS: HOW TO PLANT AND GROW THEM. @ INS LL bulbs, so far as my experience with them MM) goes, delight in a light, rich, well-drained soil. If a naturally drained location can not be secured for them, artificial drainage must be resorted to. ‘This can be obtained by ex- cavating the soil to the depth of a foot— better, a foot and a half—and filling in at the bottom with from four to six inches of something that will not decay rapidly, allowing the soil above to settle back into its original compactness. If the soil is heavy with clay, it can be lightened by work- ing a liberal amount of coarse sand into it. Bulbs will not do well in a soil that clings to them tenaciously. A heavy soil injures them nearly as much as one too retentive of moisture. It is a theory of mine that they require a soil so light and open that air is admitted freely to their roots. Those who think a soil of moderate richness answers all purposes are sure to discover their mistake after a little. \ yf ¥p) Bulbs are strong feeders, and if they can not find the food they crave, they deteriorate rapidly. We read, frequently, of bulb-growing in Holland, where the soil is literally a bed of sand, and from this we get an impression that they ought to grow exceptionally well in our soil, which is superior, in all ways, to pure sand; but were we to visit Holland and see the great quantities of manure that the florists mix with the sand in which their bulbs are grown, we would speedily revise our ideas about lack of fertility there. No growers of bulbs are more skilful than the Hollanders, and they never lose sight of the fact that in order to grow bulbs well they must feed them liberally with the best of food. The ideal fertilizer for bulbs is cow-manure—so old that it is black, and crumbles readily under the application of the hoe. If it can not be obtained, bone-meal can be substituted, in the proportion of a teacupful to a square yard of earth, measuring by the surface if the soil is of ordinary fertility. If not, use more. No exact rule can be given, as soils differ A Bed of Paper-white Narcissus October, 1906 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 245 so greatly in quality. If cow-manure is used, let it be in the by the spade, and is not worked over afterward before plant- proportion of a third to two-thirds the original soil. Mix ing, they will not do well. It is a good plan to work the soil it in until it is thoroughly incorporated with the soil of the bed. over and over until it is as mellow as it is possible to make it. f fi Crocuses Single Narcissus It is quite important that the soil in which you plant bulbs It is not safe to be satisfied as long as there is a lump in it. should be fine and mellow. If you set them out in a bed full While bulbs can be planted any time during the fall, it is of clods, such as will be found where the earth is thrown up _ never advisable to wait until late in the season. Early-planted bulbs go to work as soon as put into the ground, and form roots upon which the plants will depend for support during the performance of the early work of next season—the flowering period. ‘This de- velopment of roots will be completed by the coming of cold weather, and when spring comes all the plants will have to do will be to develop the flowers for which they made thorough preparation in fall, But with late-planted bulbs, it is entirely different. They set out to grow roots, but the coming of cold weather puts an end to the work, and that portion of it left un- done this season must be completed in spring, at the very time when the plants are stimulated to the production of flowers. It naturally follows that by attempting to carry out two lines of work at the same time, when one only ought to be expected of them, the plants are at a disadvantage, and none of the work undertaken can be well done. Late-planted bulbs give in- ferior flowers and make inferior develop- ment and are short-lived. Tulips, hyacinths and narcissus ought to be set at least four inches below the surface and about the same distance apart. Cro- cuses and snowdrops should be_ planted closely, in groups here and there, in the grass of the lawn, and be set about three inches deep. Lilies ought never to be planted less than eight inches below the sur- face. It is a good plan to put a handful of clear sand about each lily-bulb. On no account should fresh manure from the barn- yard be used. It will greatly injure all What Can Be Done With Single Late Tulips bulbs. 246 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 harm—not the frost itself. If we can keep the ground frozen after it once becomes so, by preventing the sun from undoing what the frost has done, tender plants would survive our northern winters. Covering the bulbs, as advised, is equivalent to shading the soil and keeping the sunshine out, thus guarding against the frequent alter- nations of heat and cold which rupture the cells of the plants, as well as the tender roots they put out in fall. In connection with this article on the outdoor culture of bulbs, it may be well to say something about forcing them for winter-bloom in the winter-garden. Properly treated, they are sure to bloom. A rich, light compost should be specially prepared for them by mixing loam, sand and well-rotted cow-manure in nearly equal parts. One-third manure may seem excessive, but it really is not, for success depends largely upon a vig- orous and rapid development which can not be secured by soil of only moderate richness. Single tulips and hyacinths are preferable, for forcing, to double ones. The best varieties of narcissus for this purpose are Horsfieldii, Empress and paper-white. The only lily I would advise the amateur to use is the Bermuda, or Horrisii lily. Hyacinths, tulips and narcissuses should be sunk their depth in the soil. Use five or six bulbs to a six- or seven-inch pot. They can touch each other without interfering with perfect development. Keep each variety by itself. After putting the bulbs into the soil water well, and then store them in a cool, dark place—a cellar is preferable, though a shed will do very well—and leave them there until roots are Lilum Auratum I never give designs for bulb-beds, because the most effective bulb-beds are those which have no “designs”? about them. The illustrations of tulip and paper-white narcis- sus, which accompany this article, will make plain my meaning. In these beds the bulbs are simply massed, giving one a suggestion of their having arranged them- selves. The effect is vastly superior to any formal ar- rangement. If contrast of color is desired, it can be secured by using different varieties, as shown in the tulip- bed. But never make the mistake of planting bulbs of different kinds in the same bed. Keep your tulips by themselves, your hyacinths likewise. And give your narcissuses a place where they can scatter their floral sun- shine untroubled by any rival. Of the latter flower do not fail to grow several varieties. Have a bed of the single yellow-and-white sorts, another of the magnificent double varieties like Van Sion, or Horsfieldii, or Empress, and a mass of the lovely paper-white kinds, as shown in the illustrations. In order to carry out the scheme of massings, as shown in the illustrations of tulips and narcissus, it will be neces- sary to plant a large number of bulbs. By looking over the catalogues, and seeing the prices at which named varieties are sold, one might not feel able to afford the ex- pense of planting on so large a scale. But a further exam- ination of the catalogue will show you that mixed bulbs can be bought at such reasonable rates that almost any one can afford enough to fill quite a bed. These bulbs will give you quite as large, fine flowers as the named sorts will, but because they are ‘‘mixed” you can not be sure of what you are going to get from them until they bloom. But you may be sure, in advance, of their giving complete satisfaction. Before the setting in of winter cover the bulb-beds with eight or ten inches of litter from the barn-yard. This will not keep the frost from penetrating to them, but it will prevent it from getting out once it is in the soil, and, by doing this, it will prevent that heaving of the earth which results in broken roots and loosened bulbs. It is the fre- quent alternation of freezing and thawing which does the formed. On no account should they be brought to the light until the pots are full of roots. This is an item of great im- portance. It generally takes six weeks or two months for full root-development. October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Rival of the Stained-glass Window By Benjamin Coleham idee of eich didiely new aad inter- esting. Marine Mosaic is the name given to a new method of obtaining effects quite distinct from those of stained glass and pigments, in the class af which it may be placed. Its appropriate name is derived from the adaptation of material found upon the sea- shore in connection with stained and chipped glass. It is, in truth, but another means of reaching the objective point for which the arts are striving—that is, to render form and beauty in color, with effect of light, in such a manner as to make a truthful impression upon the retina of the eye. It makes but little difference whether one indulges in the use of oils, pastel, water-color or glass; a variation in the accom- plished work with each medium will be perceptible. By the manner in which the materials are used, there will be demonstrated certain individual idiosyncrasies. While each laborer may be struggling for the same end, evidences of a diver- sity of thought and opinion will appear. The realist will, with honest purpose, render form apparently without light. The ton- alist, in the popular method of the day, produces light without vibra- tion, while the impressionist, with his well-defined scheme, partially solves the science of vibration and the effect of light upon form. Marine mosaic holds the same relation to the art of glass decora- tion that impressionism does to the art of painting, in supplying a con- ception of vibration and scintilla- tion in transparent work found lacking in stained-glass decoration, which in a degree the impressionist has rendered in painting. The claim of a new art is not made for marine mosaic, for the truth of the popular adage, ‘““There is nothing new under the sun,”’ ex- ists in art as in the sciences, but it does seek recognition as an advanced development in the study of the penetration of light through objects so placed as to illustrate in a pictorial manner the beauties of nature. Before the discovery of glass, it is known that shells were used for windows. At the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, one of the exhibits of a semi-civilized race con- tained a habitation with windows of transparent shells. In modern decoration shells, and even pebbles, have been com- bined, but in marine mosaic is to be found the first use of these materials in a skilful and scientific way to secure a long- sought-for effect. The mechanical process varies from that used in the mak- ing of stained glass work. It is only through this newly acquired method that the desired results can be obtained. Bx Cv Dea ne 1. O92 d na - ~~, ba, &, + me) teu C fs ey ef x Ye) ie eres “ae ee ieee ae a ee au i4 we | : Wied - . _o i Much of the same _ scientific methods are applied to the produc- tion of landscape, when, with a knowledge of the colors possessed, pebbles, stones and shells are so placed side by side and combined as to give a general aspect of nature. Again, the under-life ot the water is pictorially shown by the use of crustacea of the natural dwellers of the sea, such as the crab, scallop and similar mollusca, which are made to appear with a diffusion of their own color, appar- ently disporting in their native ele- ment. A further and more ex- tended use of the harvest of the sea is made in the field of flora, for it has been ascertained that in form and color nearly every known flower may be represented with sea-shells, whose multitudinous shapes and immense variety of colors and shades adapt themselves to the requirements. In the ex- amples of marine mosaic may be seen the pure white lily, the gorgeous chrysanthemum in its varied colors and shades, the drooping wistaria in its tones of purple and blue, the rose, with its delicate petals and groups of bright hydrangea, with numberless other representations, all in their natural beauty of color and form. Stones and pebbles are, with the skill and knowledge acquired by the artist, made to appear as representing the fruits of the garden; bunches of luscious grapes are shown in transparency of color so natural as to appear quite edible; the orange, with its hue of gold; the peach, showing its delli- eX.) a ay > ay és Se 248 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS cate blush of color, and the apple display- ing its richness, all of which is secured through the divine gift of light, so pro- fusely and liberally bestowed. A window lately finished for Mr. William Gillette, who has in his unique house-boat several decorative pieces of marine mosaic, is truly an expressive piece of impressionism—a picture in true color. A landscape with the rising sun, a disc of brilliant red, casts its reflection of re- fulgent beams across the wide space of sea in the foreground. Iridescent waves of mauve, purples and gray-greens, with the occasional sparkle of a “‘white cap,” is the impressionistic rendering of the combined vibration of undertones. Out of the broad expanse of seascape rise rough promontories composed of stones, with rich hues of purple and red so placed as to give effect of light upon the rocky crags. Below, in the foreground, are to be seen the natural crustacea, crabs, as if sporting in the deep water. The dense foliage of trees with huge trunks looms up into a brilliant crimson sky, fleeced with deep purple and violet clouds. ‘The trunks of the trees are the natural razor-shells which give true form and color. ‘This picture is the last of three made to represent in order—sunset, moonrise and sunrise. A finished piece of marine mosaic pos- sesses a recognized advantage in display- ing upon its face a double effect, each of which is artistic and beautiful. One, with the penetration of light from without, shows with rich brilliancy a wealth of splendor in color; the i . ANS: 3 Lf ae Memorial Window Typifying the “Glory of the Cross ” October, 1906 folk County, N. Y., is the maker ot marine mosaic. He has for several years made this work a study, and by continued experiments attained a degree of perfec- tion which places this product among the fine arts. Marine mosaic has been utilized in many ways. Several memorial windows and decorative windows for residences have been executed; it has been used for cabinet and cupboard-doors, fire-screens, lamps and lanterns; also in an applied manner, representing raised carved work in colors. Undoubtedly this new scheme, which might be styled a discovery, is bound to create an influence upon established rules and secure favorable recognition. This new art shows, in a very interest- ing way, that the developments of decora- tive art have not yet reached their limits. It would seem, indeed, as though the pos- sibilities of most materials in a decorative way had been well nigh exhausted. Marine mosaic, however, shows that this is not the case, but that even the despised shell may be pressed into artistic use and transformed into a handsome decoration. Few natural substances are so beautiful as shells; but shells have, until now, been chiefly retained in the cabinet of the curio collector, where their beauty interest is little understood and perhaps not always appreciated. Their new utilization in this form may not mean an ex- tended revival of a new art, but it clearly means that the decorator has found a new material which he has put to new other, with light from within, shows in detail the given lines use. ‘This in itself is an achievement of no mean order, and of the picture in subdued monotones, harmonious and im- pressive. W. Cole Brigham, whose studio is at Shelter Island, Suf- HE accompanying illus- tration depicts a living sun-dial which may be seen in the grounds ad- jacent to one of the well- known castles in Lanca- shire, England. A well-trained yew-tree constitutes the pin of the dial; the closely clipped box the Roman figures. This sun-dial has now been growing for nearly two hundred years, having been planted in March, 1732. ‘This fact is marked on the dial by clipped box in the same manner as the Roman figures. ‘The outer circle denotes the hours, while the inner one denotes the quarters. The correctness of this dial compares favorably with those of modern construction. An inter- esting development of the clipped yew- tree so characteristic of English gardens. when the material is as beautiful as that used in this work it means a great deal. Marine mosaic, at present, is something A Living Sun-dial By W. A. Mount Stephen new, but it has doubtless an excellent future before it. A Living Sun-dial October, © 1906 AMERECAN TOMES AND GARDENS 249 Mushroom-culture in France By Jacques Boyer SHE tourist who for the first time visits the ‘southern and western plains of the suburbs of Paris is sure to be puzzled by certain quad- rangular wooden towers which he perceives here and there rising out of the ground, and what still more excites his curiosity are the clouds of smoke that occasionally ascend from these strange structures, which are scattered over waste grounds, cultivated fields and gardens. ‘These structures, however, do not serve as housings for the secret prosecution of business of a criminal or questionable nature, but are simply shafts for the ventilation of old quarries that are at present used for the cultivation of those mushrooms that are so highly prized by the gourmets of the old and new worlds. The Agaricus campestris, called the field-mushroom, the only species that it is possible to domesticate, grows by preference on_half-de- composed horse-manure. Dr. Repin says, ‘‘Its cradle was a melon-bed.”’ But we do not know the name of the bright gardener who took some “spawn” from one of these beds in which mushrooms had grown spon- taneously, and sowed it in new man- ure in order to obtain a second crop. There is good reason, however, for the belief that such culture origi- nated in France in the latter half of the eighteenth century, and that at the outset the kitchen-gardeners who engaged in it in the spring and fall considered it as a natural adjunct to their business. Then, a century ago, a horticulturist named Chambry conceived the idea of devoting the abandoned sub- terranean quarries to the culture, since in them are found the conditions of temperature and humidity favorable to the de- velopment of the fungus. He succeeded thus in making a handsome profit, with the consequence that he had many im- itators, who have tried to lease all the excavations abandoned by the quarrymen, so that the mushroom industry soon be- came one of the most prosper- ous of the environs of Paris. At present, the suburban mushroom exploitations are almost exclusively distributed over the left bank of the Seine, in the section com- prised between Meudon and Ivry. The most important are situated at Montrouge, Clamart, Vanves, Chatillon, Arcueil and Sceaux, and for- merly extended to the Quar- tier du Val-de-Grace in Paris. The galleries are excavated in limestone, as at Carriere- Saint-Denis; in gypsum, as at Argenteuil; or in white clay, as at Meudon; and the oldest of them (those from which the architects of the middle ages took the stone and plaster that enabled them to Ventilating-shaft of a Mushroom-cave The Entrance to a Parisian Mushroom-cave erect the public buildings of Paris, from a labyrinth of low and narrow chambers in which the workmen can scarcely move about without stooping. But the more modern exploitations, of which the accom- panying engraving gives a faithful picture, consists of spacious galleries, of which the roof is supported by strong pillars carved out of the rock itself. Here the mushroom-cultivator exercises his somber profession at his ease. The peg-ladder perceived in the interior of the ventilating-shaft will allow us to descend into the mysterious cave where here and there sparkle the oil- or kerosene-lamps that guide the cultivator. Much preliminary work must be done to con- vert a quarry into a place for mushroom-culture. After providing for the aeration of the galleries, a well must be dug from which to obtain the large quantity of water necessary, and after that a supply of horse-manure must be secured, this being the only material favorable to the development of the mushroom. Moreover, the quality of the manure plays a leading part in the yield. Preference is given to the manure of heavy percherons or other draught-horses which perform a great amount of muscular labor and are supplied with highly nitro- genized food. After the material has been se- lected, the mushroom-grower sub- mits it to the following manipula- tions: It is first arranged in heaps about three feet high called ‘‘flows,” whose bulk sometimes reaches 3,500 cubic feet, and should be at the least 750 feet. Then the whole is submitted to the action of the air for three weeks, and is turned over from time to time in order to dimin- ish the intensity of the fermentation. In fact, according to Dr. Repin, manure acquires nutritive properties during the course of fermentation, for it is found that if fresh manure is sterilized and sowed with spores of mushrooms beginning to germinate, the fungus never accomplishes its com- plete evolution in such a me- dium. It germinates and sends out filaments, but does not fructify. The manure, in fermenting, becomes filled with microbes, which, accord- ing to the observations of various biologists, appear to be useful to mushroom-cul- ture only through the prod- ucts elaborated. ‘Their role is confined to favoring the chemical combustion by rais- ing the temperature at the time of establishing the heaps or “flows.’’ However this may be, at the end of a fort- night, the manure possesses a special odor somewhat recall- ing that of the field-mush- room itself, and is ready to i the ; eC eee he CBRN Filia ag Ps Sis 8 ae ae Ms Forming the Beds of Manure be lowered to the mushroom-galleries. Here the workmen arrange it in beds as regular as possible in the center of the galleries, the rocky walls of which are supported here and there by piles of rubble to prevent them from falling in. In one of the illustrations workmen are seen in the act of form- ing rounded beds sixteen inches in width at the base and twenty inches in height, which they carefully align side by side along the galleries, like the furrows in a field. Such dimensions and such arrangement are not arbitrary, for ex- perience has shown that under such conditions the manure becomes slightly heated anew and reaches a temperature of from 60 degrees F. It is then time to begin the insertion of spawn into the beds. The vegetation of this mycelium, as botanists call it, which was suspended by dryness, always resumes its activity under the influence of humidity and heat. The fragments of spawn perform the function of slips. They throw out fila- ments which radiate in all directions and finally become dis- seminated through the bed in a length of time that varies according to the condition of the surrounding atmosphere. The copy of a photograph which was kindly sent to us by Professor Atkinson, of the university of Ithaca, shows the ramifications of the mycelium along with the young mushrooms that have developed thereon. The art of the mushroom- grower afterward consists in rendering the local condi- tions propitious to the cul- ture. The principal difh- culty proceeds from the enormous quantity of oxy- gen which is absorbed by the respiration of the mush- rooms, so that when the latter do not obtain a sufficient supply of air, they stop short in their growth. The galleries must therefore be ‘strongly ventilated, the air therein be kept saturated with aqueous and variations of temperature be prevented, so delicate are \ apor, AMERICAN HOMES AND (GARDENS October, 1906 the young fungi. Moreover, the mycelium, if left to itself, would not fructify well, and so the beds must undergo an operation which consists in covering the surface of the manure with a stratum of cal- careous earth or sand and equaliz- ing it with shovels. Finally, at the end of twenty-five or thirty days, during which the beds must be sprinkled, carefully inspected and freed from every bit of parasitic vegetation, the mushrooms begin to pierce the stratum that covers them. They do not, however, grow in a continuous manner. Crops separ- ated by intervals of non-production succeed each other during three months, and the small, grayish white buttons are gathered by the grower whenever they become sufficiently rounded. With a basket under his arm, he walks along the beds and, delicately grasping the mushrooms with his fingers, quickly detaches them. As for the varieties of mushrooms cultivated in the Par- isian quarries, they differ in color, size and weight. The three principal ones are the white, which are fine and in great demand, but do not withstand carriage very well; the light yellow, which are more vigorous, more productive and less fragile; and the gray, which are fragrant, but acquire a dark color by age, which lowers their value in the market. More- over, the fungi in a short time lose their character and un- dergo a degeneration. Consequently, growers rarely cultivate a given species for more than two or three years. They prefer to have recourse afterward to virgin spawn obtained by scien- tific processes that permit of selecting the mushrooms, or to reproduce the kinds deemed to be the best by direct germina- tion of the spores. The idea of preparing spawn through the germination of the spores occurred to various botanists a long time ago, but Messrs. Constantin and Matruchot alone succeeded a few years since in obtaining positive results. In order to obtain Earthing the Mushroom-beds October. 1906 Sprinkling the Mushroom-beds Agaricus spores, they placed a mature mushroom on a sheet of paper and then collected them a few days afterward in the form of an impalpable brown powder. In order to cause them to germinate, they had recourse to the media used in bacteriology—moist air, damp sand or dung, for example. The spores ready for germination become distended in the first place in taking on a light color, and then throw out from one of their poles a very fine tube which enlarges and ramifies in all directions in budding. In this way there is formed a small tuft of mycelium, which, in a favorable medium— manure, for example— will extend indefinitely. Dr. Repin applies this process industrially in the following manner: After distributing the manure in strata of equal thickness between superposed steel plates, he submits the whole to a pressure of seven hundred pounds to the square inch. On coming from the press the whole is found to be agglomerated into a plate about one-half an inch in thickness and almost as hard as wood. He then sows these plates with spores and places them under conditions most favorable for the development of the mycelium, but in such a way as to pro- tect them from elevations of temperature to as great a degree as possible. The vegetation of the spawn is retarded, although its vigor increases when it is introduced into the warmish atmosphere of the mushroom-gallery. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Common Meadow-mushroom and Its Spawn After the plates of manure have become entirely permeated by the mycelium, they are cut by a machine into pieces four inches square, each of which represents an insertion. The mushroom-grower can therefore lay in a supply of the variety that is best adapted to his quarry, for this virgin spawn re- mains free from the diseases which attack mushrooms, and particularly that which is called “softening,” so dreaded by Parisian growers, whom it annually costs more than a million francs. [he mushrooms attacked by the cryptogam that causes the disease become atrophied and covered with a rosy down, and, at the epoch of their maturity, become delli- quescent. We shall finish by giving a few statistics designed to show the importance of this Parisian industry. There exist at pres- ent in the department of the Seine about two hundred and fifty mushroom installations owned by eighty individuals, not counting a score of other exploitations distributed through the neighboring departments. The number of workmen em- ployed in the industry exceeds a thousand. The total value of the mushrooms annually produced in the suburbs of Paris amounts to twelve million francs, and certain tradesmen of the Halles makes an exclusive specialty of their sale. Naturally the industry therefore ranks as a most important one in Paris. M2 N' Zz < Nie Z Z $ N MN ~~ 4 2 o> 252 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 Fruit and Orchard Work in October By E. P. Powell 4E WIND up our work in October, in the berry garden, by cutting out all the fruit canes that have yielded fruit; by crowding the new canes between two wires stretched from post to post; and just at the end of the month, or perhaps better in November, we cut off the tops of these canes with long-handled shears, leaving them about five feet in height. The old canes must then be forked out and thrown into a bonfire. This work is pleasant and cheerful, because we do not feel hurried, as we do in the picking time. The sun ts rarely over-hot, and the birds, although no longer singing, are winding up their affairs all about us. Occasionally a catbird bids us good-bye with a song, ina minor key. The rattling of wagons, loaded with corn or potatoes, comes up to us from the valley farms. When our work in the berry garden is finished, everything is ready for plow or cultivator. But if your field is on a slop- ing hillside, you had better not stir the soil nor kill the weeds, but leave them to prevent waste by washing during the winter. Orchard work begins about the first of this month, although the Pound Sweets should be off the trees in Septem- ber. The grand Hubbardstons are now fully colored, and if not picked at once, will fall to the ground. The King fol- lows, although it is a good keeper, as is the Hubbardston also. They simply are ripe early, and must be gathered promptly. The Fameuse, and its two children, Shiawassie Beauty and Princess Louise, follow, and their quality depends on their being promptly picked and put in storage. By this time the Spitzenburg and Golden Pippin are loosening on the stem, and must be quickly gathered. You may leave your Bald- wins till later. This matter of picking apples in succession is very important. You can not go into an orchard and gather promiscuously without serious loss. The apples should go immediately to a cool cellar, dark, and thoroughly ventilated until freezing weather. Then if your bins have been cleaned and your walls sweetened with Bordeaux mixture or lime, and no taint of must anywhere about, you will find your fruit keeping admirably. Every apple, however, must have been handled with tenderness. If dropped only two or three inches into a basket, you have broken two or three cells, and those broken cells will begin to decay sooner or later. The apple cellar should never be the same as the vegetable cellar, nor should it be under the house at all. It should be under a part of the barn, and with no opening toward the stables. It should be thoroughly ventilated all summer, but not venti- lated at all during the winter. It should be absolutely clean, but also moist. Through mine I conduct a brook, in the grouted floor—part of the way in tile. This whole question of apple-growing needs revising. It is a fine art and a poem. Preparing for winter is the burden of the Northern States. No sooner are we through with our apple harvest than we must cover our strawberry beds, our roses and tender shrubs. Grapes must be trimmed and laid down as close as possible to the ground. Do not, however, bother yourself with too much that needs winter protection. I have found this sort of work such a burden that I am now willing to dispense with a good many fine things. In Florida we go right ahead through the whole year; making garden in November, just as we are beginning to pick oranges; planting potatoes in January, and melons in February, or March. Our strawberries we can not get along without, even if not grown for market. I have been accustomed to covering these with leaves, over which I scatter a liberal compost, which will be worked into the soil as a fertilizer. Covering with a fertilizer alone does not work as well. At this season of the year also look out for drainage, wherever water can settle during the winter, or can wash the soil during warm spells. On side-hills a few shal- low winter drains should be opened—to be plowed out during the spring. These should be arranged to catch the water quickly, and carry it off to larger and permanent drains. I do not distribute my compost piles, invariably, as early as October. These piles are the secret of a successful fruit farm, or country homestead. They are distributed about the fields, orchards, and garden, at convenient points. I have five of them for nine acres of land. They are composed of barn- yard manure, all the coal ashes I can produce or get, more or less wood ashes, dozens of loads of autumn leaves, weeds and waste and street rakings, and every other waste material, which can be utilized as a fertilizer. Old brine, salt, lime, plaster all come into play. Bear in mind that the weeds, which are generally wasted, contain a good deal of phos- phates and potash. Considerable nitrogen also is gathered from old sod containing legumes. My house drainage is col- lected in one of these piles, after running through a pipe drain. Such composts, after being comminuted in October or November, can be applied in the garden or elsewhere, and there will not be a five per cent. loss of fertilizing quality. Barnyard manure as generally applied, loses from fifty to ninety per cent. I have suggested a use for autumn leaves. These leaves are what nature has worked at all summer, weaving them out of the elements of the air, to add to the soil. Never burn one of them. ‘The wealth of the farmer and gardener lies in the leaves. They should lie where nature places them, sufh- ciently to protect the lawns; others should be raked for stable bedding; and others placed directly in compost piles. I use them in my hen-house, and in rooms where the hens are fed, to keep their feet warm and induce scratching. All these and those used for covering plants, are gathered in the spring and placed in the compost piles. I assure you that with this sort of care in using what nature gives you, you can fatten the poorest soil. I have made my gardens and orchards ex- tremely fertile in this way. I have never yet bought one pound of commercial fertilizer. You should have kept memoranda, all summer, in which to put down your needs and suggest your future work. Consult these memoranda now, and you will find that you can work in a great many small improvements, every fall, that will count a long way in your profits, as well as in the beauty of your place. Every October should be notable for the addi- tion of a few fruit trees of the newer sorts. Autumn planting is the best planting—provided the tree or shrub be well mulched and staked. Drive the stake down very tight, and tie with soft twine or basting, quite firmly to the stake. If, however, you find that your ground is soggy, heel in your trees or plants in a dry spot for spring planting, and throw over the roots a liberal supply of coal ashes. I never plant anything, either in the spring or fall, without-a mulch of coal ashes. This material is one of the most valuable at our command—I refer to anthracite ash, that from bituminous coal frequently containing a good deal of sulphur, and must be used with more caution. I always wish to jog my neigh- bors’ elbows, about this season of the year, and remind them that substantial success in intensive horticulture consists in getting a lot of spring work done in the fall. ~~ October, 1906 Miva RtCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 253 HE CHICKERING PIANO possesses those qualities which satisfy and will endure. 4 The peculiar charm of its tone has been the despair of its imitators. € Its responsive touch and general mechanical perfection make it the favorite instrument alike for teacher and virtuoso. 4 Its refinement of finish makes it a thing of artistic beauty, and the absolute honesty in every detail of material and workmanship gives it those staying powers that make it possible to find Chickering Pianos made in 1826 in good condition to-day. CHICKERING ©& SON, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue Upon Request AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARKIDEWNs October, The Roofing lin Experience of a Kirm of Kansas Merchants “Taylor Old Style” tin still giving: good service after many years’ wear while a cheap imitation “old style” gave out in a few years’ time. This building of M. E. Yost & Sons, of Hiawatha, Kansas, was built in two parts. One part was roofed with genuine “Taylor Old Style” tin and the other with an imitation “old style.” The “Taylor Old Style” tin has given splendid service for many years without costing a dollar for repairs, while the so-called “old style” has been a constant trouble and expense. Messrs. Yost & Sons are now building a cement block build- ing of three stories and basement, and the builder has bought “Taylor Old Style” tin for the roof. The experience of Messrs. Yost & Sons with tins which are called ‘old style’? for the purpose of trading on the reputation of the genuine **’Taylor Old Style’’ tin is being duplicated all over the country. Our booklet, ‘‘A Guide to Good Roofs,’’ has kept many out -of | 1c expensive mistakes of this kind. Would you like to read it? P OLD SvYLE | REAST ERE ae oy N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY Plecraruonco, Aare _ PRILA DEL lA Fstablished 1810 Pani lad elepinia 1906 MV Er GCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 255 This Norwall Vacuum Valve October, 1906 A. -— ® FIFTY YEARS OF QUALITY BIE Peis ~ i aD ee rect eee . OWE | SE F-65211, ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. L. Wolff Manufacturing Company MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY General Office: 3 98 West Lake Street. Show Rooms: 91 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. Fall ting - time is here. Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear, 55 Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box 410, MOORESTOWN. N. J. Attached to any hose like thoroughly cleans buggy, wagon or auto, without an ordinary nozzle, the ARDREY. HE No more splashing of water on expensive gy scratch or blemish. cushions, either. Handled as easily as a paint brush, but cannot injure varnish or paint, as is common by the older, but now obsolete method wherever the ARDREY is used. Water constantly percolates through innumerable tiny holes to the sponge, keeping it cleansed When sponge is removed the ARDREY is also a most complete garden sprayer. Cleans vehicles, windows, wood-work, e oughly without getting clothes or hands wet. Useful wherever a hose will reach. Made of solid brass and will be sent securely -, thor ws. a =o packed or $3.00, all charges prepaid. Send today before you forget it, because it’s a purchase you'll prize far beyond the cost. Our booklet is free, and you should write for it today. ARDREY VEH CLE WASHER CO., 132B Main Street E., Rochester, N. Y., U.S.A. : WE drill Artesian Wells for water supply for cities, towns, manufac- turing plants and country homes. We furnish and install Tanks and Towers, Windmills, Compressed Air, Steam, Electric and Hand Pumps A.W. DRAKE DRILLING Co. HAZLETON, PA. ARTESIAN WELLS to do the pumping. Many years’ experience. We are ex- perts in our line. Write us, and our representative will call to see you. Guards the Heat in Your Steam Radiator and Saves 20 to 40% Hou would you like to be able to get get up on a cold morning and dress without shivering? How would you like to be sure of an even temperature in the day time and enough heat at night, without having to worry about “firing up’’? How would you like to be rid of chills, and colds and rheumatism and all their atten- dant ills? You can doit! Let us tell you how. You know that, if water didn’t have to lift a weight of atmosphere before it can expand enough to give off its heat in the form of steam, it would boil at a much lower temperature than 212” Fahren- heit (the open-air boiling point for water). So, if the weight of the atmosphere is kept off the water in the boiler of your steam-heater, the water will not only boil at lower than ordinary temperature, but, as amatter of course, will boil with less fire and less burning up of fuel. Norwall Vacuum Valves keep atmospheric weight off water in your steam boiler. If your radiators are fitted with Norwall Vacuum Valves, this is what happens when you get up steam. The steam crowds the airin the pipes and radiators and it rushes to the valves, which open to let it pass out —the same as any ordinary valve. 3ut—when the steam reaches these valves, they close automatically to prevent steam escaping into the room. And, when a radiator begins to cool and the steam begins to condense, instead of opening to admit air like ordinary valves, these Norwall Vacuum Valves stay tight shut. So, of course, when the steam in your radiator con- denses and goes back to water, with no air to replace it, a vacuum must form, and this not only keeps weight off the water in the boiler below, but draws upon the water and sucks more heat out of it. This keeps the water boiling and it continues to give off steam and radiate heat, long after the temperature in the boiler has dropped below the ordinary boiling point. This is in accordance with a simple law of Nature, as you can prove by experiment or reading any book on common physics. Or—better still—let us prove this to you right in your own home. If you wish, we will have your steamfitter show you just how these valves work and tell you all about them. Norwall Vacuum Valves are a great comfort, and j inestimable convenience and a means of great saving. If your heating apparatus is properly handled, you will be sure of an even temperature, more and better heat, and at less cost of time, labor and fuel. After the valves are attached, you will not need to touch them. They need no attention—being automatic. They do their part, if you do yours, and your part is to see that your boiler is ‘“fired”’ at regular intervals. It won't need as much attention as it has had hereto- fore,and your fires can be‘banked”’ much earlier at night without endangering the temperature of your house or the warmth of theroom you must dressin next morning. Norwall Vacuum Valves save most of their costina single season by reducing fuel bills. And this does not include more comfortin your house, less labor with your steam-heater and more healthful conditions for you to live in. Don’t risk your own health and that of your family in an uneven temperature, for this means all sorts of cold weather ills. Let us prove to you that Norwall Vacuum Valves on your steam radia- FF& : tors will insure your comfort, your health, and your pocket book. ; Write us today. A post card mailed to wy, us will bring you a lot of information about heating apparatus, by return mail. = THE NORWALL MFG. CO. 152 Lake Street 106 W. 42d Street : New York é BEZEE = eaM | VBdeee i equ Ayacon LOADS Chicago LB) — A BEAUTIFUL BOOK 150 New Designs of small, economical homes costing from $500 t» $5,000. Price $!. including sup- plement. SSS My Plans and Spec- ifications are made right COST $2,000 Church Portfolio FREE Charles S. Sedgwick, Arch’t: 1028H Lumber Exch., Minneapolis,Minn. COST $4,000 MRS. WINSLOW’S SOOTHING SYRUP has been used by Millions of Mothers for their children while Teething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the all pain, cures wind colic, and remedy for diarrhoea. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. ms, allays the best ™ Sh ~! BRAND M eep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants $4 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. ° Delivered to your Freight Station. The Pulverized Manure Go..21Union Stock Yards. Chicago STABL Apply now. 256 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 Wax Your Furniture ZN with Johnson’s Prepared Wax “A Complete Finish and Polish for All Waod’’ You apply our wax with cloth to varnished, shellacked orany finished or unfinished wood, and polish with dry cloth. Write for our new 48-page book, ‘‘ The Proper Treat= ment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.’’ This is our regular 25- cent edition, but we send it FREE fora limited time. It tells how to keep your furniture and all wood in beautiful condition. Don’t wait— write to-day. Sent compliment- ary by the man- ufacturers of Johnson’s P Prosar” Wax ‘4 Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood” For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors It produces a beautiful, lasting and sanitary finish and polish to which dirt and dust will not adhere. It will not show scratches, blister, peel off or crack. It cleans, polishes and preserves the wood and brings out its natural beauty. Fine for linoleum, oil-cloth and leather. Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers in paint; gg Eee Universal size, 172 oz., 10 cents; Household , size, 4 oz., 25 cents; 1 and 2 lb. cans, 60 cents per pound; 4, 5 and 8 lb. cans, 50 cents per pound. Write for above book. Remember it is our regular 25-cent edition sent FREE for limited time. Mention Edition AH10. S.C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood-finishing Authorities” Waxing Furniture with Johnson’s Prepared Wax Munn @, Co. 361 Broadway, New York Relating to Architecture, Decoration, Ceramics, Rugs, Furniture, etc., will be rec- ommended aad supplied by our well-equipped Book Department SS AAR Beauty and Solid Comfort 6 us N appropriate Man- tel half-furnishes a room. Beauty, artistic design and harmonious colorings are the characteristics of our Mantels. The Mantels are reason A catalog showing various will be mailed free. for Catalog M. ot able in price. 1 { styles Ask Architectural Faience Faience Tile and Mantels je HARTFORD FAIENCE CO, HARTFORD, CONN: TEE FLORAL OCTOBER WORK By Eben E. Rexford T IS not too late to move shrubs and hardy border plants. Indeed, most kinds will not have fully ripened their annual growth before the first of the month In moy- ing, then, do the work leisurely and carefully. A plant that is not well handled will be sure to suffer, if it does not die. A little care will re- duce the chances of failure to the minimum, and probably do away with them entirely. In lifting a plant for removal, take up with it as much earth as possible, and to make sure that it will not crumble away from the roots, apply water in liberal quantity a few hours before you begin work. Then cut about it carefully with a sharp, thin-bladed spade, by running the tool into the ground perpendicu- larly its full length. Then lift away the soil outside this cut. “This will leave the bulk of the roots of the plant intact, inside an undis- turbed block of earth. When you have made an excavation all around the plant, work the spade under the block in such a manner as to cut it loose from the earth below. By work- ing in this way, you will have your plant ready for removal without seriously disturbing it. If the block of soil containing the roots is large, do not attempt to handle it alone. Get some one to help you. ‘Take hold on each side of it. Lift it out and put it on a wheel- barrow or a sled, and trundle or draw it wherever it is to go with as little jarring as possible. Have the place made to receive it be- fore this part of the work is done. Let it be large enough to take in the block of soil with- out crowding. Lift it from the barrow or sled with great caution, and lower it to its place, making sure before you do so that you have it in the right position. Then fill in about it with fine soil, firming it down with a blunt stick, after which water well. A_ plant handled in this manner will be almost sure to come out in spring as if nothing had been done COMI. Peonies can be set now to excellent advan- tage, much better, I think, than in spring, because these plants begin to grow very early in the season, and, by the time the ground is in working condition, they will have made con- siderable headway. At this time of the year they are dormant, therefore removal will not greatly disturb them if the directions given above are carefully followed. Make the soil in which you plant them very rich. Because the peony will live on indefinitely in a poor soil is no good reason why one should starve a plant as fond of good food as this is. Feed it all it can digest and you will be surprised at the difference between it and a neglected plant. It will have a dozen flowers where the latter will have one, and every blossom will be so large and perfect that you will feel sure it must belong to a superior variety. The difference will all be attributable to good care. Never neglect the peony if you want it to do itself justice. Be sure to provide yourself with a stock of good potting-soil. Some of your plants may need a shift during winter. And whenever a plant really needs attention of this kind it ought to be given promptly. A really fine compost for nearly all plants that are adapted to window-culture is prepared as follows: One part garden-loam; one part turfy mat- ter, or leaf-mold; one part sharp sand. Mix well, and add bone meal in the propor- tion of a teacupful to every half-bushel of soil, and mix again. The turfy matter spoken of can be obtained by turning over oid sward and cutting away that portion immediately below the crown of the grass. “This will be full of grass-roots. As they decay, they will supply vegetable matter a ee ee pe | October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS SQANUITTITITUNO0 000000000 UTETTUUUAATEAAUAUAAAOOOOOEEEEEE ETT, TAPESTRY LEATHER SOUVENIR SPECIALTIES ECHHUUALEU LUTEAL a THE LITTLE EMBROIDERESS lI I ——2— Amusing and instructive. After considerable trouble, labor and expense we have prepared this outfit, our aim being to please the little ones, which we are sure we have accomplished. No such complete outfit for the money has ever been offered. It pleases, amuses, instructs, and keeps your little girls busy. Our outfit contains 6 six-inch doilies, hand colored on linen, which guide to the correct use and proper shades of a LEATHER Tah CUSHIONS the silk floss cotton; 12 skeins of our WH A i) Y, mercerize Year —— ai ui mas Whe el ea = siecotcajenl 3 THE ‘‘BOOTIE” N wal ~I TTS Yes\MMIIIIIN7 WY Souvenir of Pilgrim's "i Progress Y oi girs if embroidery needles. x ne et A This is one of eur PORSe posh ill JULIETTE SF 5 special bid value In tan or white. A winning one PURSE POST CARD A= — outfits, and our aim venir for any, locality es Pages **Tust out.””? A novel and attract — ? ie: ° 1 ° Catchy designs, blank space for . ~ ouvenir, with local or comic Ss —~ being to intrdduce it = ame Burnt leather effect, big 1V© SOUVENIT : oi | SS Rea in every home, we pp Z ph Bah views. Entirely new and original. | Ss l= : oe sellers. Order now. SEED er RECEP — Ss have made the price , Space also for initials. aN gS within the reach 10 cents each, postpaid 25 cents each, postpaid ES RS of all. SSS. SS Price, each, complete =< TS Ss 15 cents, postpaid = SS 7 Bester |S 100 Cards, $1.75, postpaid <= age q Ss Single Cards, 2 cents each TK \) owoery bien Vis ART TICKING PILLOW TOPS co S Contain 15 catchy and beautiful colored Front and < ee complete with fringe designs. Burnt Leather effect. Price, $1.50, postpaid 35 cents each, postpaid THE SOUVENIR PILLOW TOP CO.” tiny, sextet 320 BROADWAY, NEW YORK mmm aa iatratna ald LAGIABLIRAVOEILANCLNTOVGALGAIRINRLTNESS 1 co YOU TALK WITH YOUR ARCHITECT UNI _ere sg TTT RI) Get the New, Free BEE-BOOK UCH a handsome cover in gray and lemon yellow! Here’s a halftone cut of it. The inside matter is absorbingly interesting from the hive on title-page to the commutation ticket on page thirty-two. It gives pictures of Mr. A. I. Root in 1865, in 1873 and in 1905. lso Pees of Gleanings in Beek Culture when it was first started, in 1873 wo le TNO: 4), and a recent I906 number. The book is full of pictures. Its title is ‘«Bee-Line to Profit.” The book- let gives dozens of reason bee-keepers or other persons whe love bees and honey should sub- DESIGNED BY DON BARBER scribe to about this greenhouse question and let him transact all the business with us as greenhouse manufacturers and builders; it means one less party to do business with, and still you are certain of having the best possible house from an established, time-tried firm which, although equipped with its own design- ing force, always stands ready to co-operate with the architect. Our little booklet, “How to Get Started With a Snug ; e Little Greenhouse,” which we send for five cents in stamps, is \ Se oe eee a greenhouse information in homeopathic doses. Send for it. ve . Gleanings in Bee- Culture The eleven editors, head by A. I. Root and , Root have each a page to his pictur e and a short bio make the strongest battery of writers on bees and honey t found anywhere. H iGH I N G S & C O M PAN iv This 32-page book should be in your hands, It’s free. GREENHOUSE. DESIGN- MANUFACTURERS OF HEATING be promptly sent on receipt of your request. A postal will do ERS AND BUILDERS AND VENTILATING APPARATUS 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY Medina, Ohio New York City Chicago, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa. = = I coy Washington, D.C. St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N.Y. Mechanic Falls, Me. AMERICAN HOMES AND "GARDENS October, 1906 | ani Fab-ri-ko-na Reception Hall i ee . \arra An artistic interior is possi- \' ble only when the wall cov- \ nett erings harmonize perfectly \}? with the woodwork and the yt general colorschemeoftheroom., Y¢ Walls covered with Fab-ri-ko-na Woven Wall Coverings are al- ways artistic and in good taste because we render a special serbice in assisting our patrons to make right selections. TRADE FAB-RI-KO-NA MARK WOVEN WALL COVERINGS are made in a wide range of perma- nent colors; strong, beautiful, dur- able and economical. Protects walls from cracking; not easily scratched or torn; easily restained when the lustre has dimmed. Our experts will suggest a color scheme, furnishing “samples of Fab-ri-ke-»a contrasted with a reproduction of your wood work, sowing your finished walls witl look. HOw Ij{ you ae interest dleri cfor futi tuformaion adult tas speciatand va uab ec ser! tee. 4. B. “IGGIN’S SONS CO V2 7Arch Sts, Bloomfield, ie penne ¥ epee 6 38 | Adapted to General Wood Manufacturing They are a Predominant Efficiency in the Shop :: :: STRONG GRIP Instant action. No loosen- ing by jarring. Made with crank or bar when desired. In all their parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness for the work intended. Ask for Catalogue No. 132 Manufactured ky BATAVIA CLAMP COMPANY 19 CENTER STREET BATAVIA, N. Y ee AO screw almost equal to that furnished by decayed leaves. ‘This soil is easily procured, while real leaf-mold is hard to get, unless one lives in the country. One-third sand may seem a large proportion, but it is not too large. It keeps the soil open and porous, allowing water to pass through readily, and admitting air freely, and as long as this is done you will have no souring of the soil, consequently the roots of your plants will be free from the diseases which are almost sure to attack them in a soil unduly retentive of moisture. If I were obliged to choose between sand and manure, I would choose the former. ‘To avoid repot- ting use chemical fertilizers—the very best to be found on the market—and the plants get all elements of plant-growth from these, in- stead of from the soil. There will be plenty of garden-work to do before the closing in of winter. Neatness all the year round ought to be one of the cardi- nal points in the creed of every good gardener. Because most plants have ceased to bloom is no reason why work in the garden should be sus- pended. Pull up everything that has out- lived its usefulness, and burn it, or add it to the compost heap. Cut down the stalks of hollyhocks, and delphinium, and golden glow. If left to stand over winter, they will make an unsightly blotch on the snow which covers the garden-beds. Gather up the racks and trellises which did duty through the flowering season, and store them away under shelter. If this is done, each year, these helps of the gardener will last for several seasons. But, if left ex- posed to winter storms, they will soon be worthless. Eternal vigilance is the price of exemption from weeds. Be ever on the lookout for them. When you see one, pull it up, then and there, or cut it off so close to the ground that it will never start up again. Watch for them until cold weather comes. Then only will they give up the attempt to reproduce themselves. It is a good plan to do all the pruning you can in the fall. It saves work for next spring. This is especially the case with roses, which have to be laid down and covered next month. Cut away all weak wood. ‘Thin out the old branches. Aim to retain only the strongest, healthiest portions of the plant. In this way, we renew the plants from year to year to a great extent, and keep them up to a high standard of vigor. Hydrangeas can be cut back to excellent advantage now. So, in fact, can all shrubs which make branch-growth in spring, before flowering. But such plants as the lilac, Japan quince and forsythia, whose buds are formed this season, must not be pruned now. If this is done, you destroy next season’s crop of flowers. ‘Therefore be careful to confine your pruning operations to the kinds which produce their flowers on the early growth of the coming season. If you have studied your plants as you ought to, you will be familiar enough with their habits to make no mistakes along this line. Provide yourself with some good, sharp pruning-shears before beginning work. Don’t attempt to haggle off hard, stiff bushes with a butcher-knife, as so many amateur gardeners do. Do a neat, clean job of it. This you can not do unless you have proper tools to do it with, therefore add pruning-shears to your gar- dening outfit, and you will speedily conclude that it was money well invested. The greenhouse must be put in shape to withstand the cold weather of the winter. Go over the sash, and see that the glass in it is tightly held in place by stout glazier’s points and the best of putty. Look to the joints of sash and frame, and make sure that they fit snugly. If they are loose, a strip of concave molding run along the line of contact, drawn down firmly against each post, will effectually Cottage Designs No. 1. Cottage Designs Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500 No. 2. Low Cost Houses Upward of twenty-five selected de- signs, originally costing from $750 to $2,500 Modern Dwellings Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000 No. 4. Suburban Homes Twenty selected designs, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward One Dollar Each, Postpaid. Sold Separately Munn & Co., New York No. 3. Take see Hat to the MYER = lag ad yo id or Power Hay yk Sore ‘ore ade, Gate MYERS’ ar Bs Aten Best Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and a bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, F. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio FINELY POLISHED HARDWOOD N OR ORNAMENTAL THICK OR THIN == FLOORS THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO., Mfrs., INDIANAPOLIS, IND. ‘Most economical, healthful and pet Dattfactory—for' old or new Beors—difforent patterns to match faraishings—outwear carpe’ Biecks earried ax y wo ee ears & b aS LSP S59, “ May positively be obtained without the aid of curling-irons by the use of MRS. MASON’S Send stamp for interesting booklet Old English Hair Tonic on the preservation of the hair. MRS. MASON, 353 Fifth Avenue, Cor. 34th Street, NEW YORK CITY SPEGIAL OFFER to ees BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTI- = ir, LATING LOCK, A Safeguard forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, i), .@00d Health and Rest Assured. |i To introduce this article, Four ff) lin Ventilating Locks in Genuine |J == Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- |i per Finish will be mailed to any address prepaid for One; in) Dollar. Will include a forty page Hardware Catalogue and Working Model to carpenters | | who wish the agency to canvass jf | for its sale. Address The H.B, Wes GO.ccnn., ‘vu. s. a. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORK J#¥ JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. S PATENTED Nf Standing Seam &\ ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the ‘standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA | October, 1906 Sold by Leading Dealers Everywhere It has cost many stove users HUNDREDS OF WASTED DOLLARS to find this out. Cut out this Coupon and mail to us and we will solve this problem for you. You will get all this information FREE building burns, the insurance company pays for rebuilding ; How to save DOLLARS in Cooking and Heating FREE INFORMATION COUPON WRITE PLAINLY and only on ONE SIDE OF THE PAPER. Address Manager Advice Department THE MICHIGAN STOVE Company, Detroit, Mich. Largest Makers of Stoves and Ranges in the World. A STOVE or RANGE to meet the wants of all—also a complete line Garland Gas Ranges. No attention can be given to your letter unless this coupon, fally filled out, Is attached. Send me free of charge your Stove Book on Cast Ranges Base Burners Steel Ranges Heating Stoves Cook Stoves Oak Stoves Gas Ranges Gas Heaters Also your Expert Stove Advice free of charge. Indicate this way [X] the kind of stove or range wanted My stove dealer’s name My Name. Address — State. THE ONLY ONE That saves you scraping, chiseling and rebab- bitting, because it is con- structed with Patent Sec- tional Clamp Bearings that can be adjusted by hand to take up the wear, and clamped firmly to prevent vibration. It consists of two sets of thin babbitt- metal plates, of five plates to the set, for each bearing. These exert no_ pressure downward except of their own weight. If you are interested in time- and labor-saving ma- chinery, send for our catalog at once. J.A.FAY & EGAN CO. Géinwatr’s: THE WORLD’S STANDARD FOR WOODWORKING MACHINERY No Fudicious ‘Property-owner Neglects His Fire Insurance But many injudicious people neglect their painting. Yet it is a fact that while you may never have a fire, your property will inevitably go to rack and ruin unless constantly protected by good paint. If an insured but if a i building decays for want of paint, the loss is all yours. Paint based on OXIDE OF ZINC and pure linseed-oil preserves buildings indefinitely. A Suggestive Pamphlet: ‘‘ Paint: Why, How and When,”’ Free to Property-owners The New Jersey Zinc Co. sroaduay New York We do not grind zine in oil. List of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ! ba) When You Build Your New Home The right selection of the hardware trim- mings is an important point to be considered and is one of the artistic details that should be decided according to your own taste. Although the cost of the hardware is trifling in comparison to the cost of the home, it is one of the most important of the permanent decorations. SARGENT’S Artistic Hardware combines decorative beauty with durable utility. Our beautiful Book of Designs, which is sent free on application, will enable you to select a pattern to harmonize with any style of architec- ture. It will give you practical assistance and prevent the annoyance that always comes from the careless selection of inferior locks and building hardware. This beautiful Book of Designs shows fifty- eignt Patterns of Artistic Hardware, and gives countless valuable suggestions. It’s yours for the asking. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York. Every Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. Yj A 260 AMERICAN HOMES AND ‘GARDENS October, 1906 b Pe wee nner, a A Nama a fib | ; ‘ll i : Shih 4 | | -——- SANI TAS ae THE WASHABLE WALL COVERING Every American home owner should know Sanitas. It is the most satisfactory wall hanging made. It is artistic, durable and absolutely cleanly. Its cloth founda- tion gives it strength enough to stand the wear and tear of everyday usage. Its surface is finished in oil paint and affords no lodging place for dust and germs. It can be kept clean with soap and water. Its designs and colors are varied and beautiful enough to use in any room of any home The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration supplies suggestions for wall treatment and samples free White Dept. P for circulars STANDARD TABLE OILCLOTH COMPANY 320 BROADWAY NEW YORK TWO BEST SSSA (IN THE WORLD METAL LATH & ox _NIRES, gia. = == “THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNACE”? sti Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of Apnl 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S. A. close all cracks against the admission of cold air and wind. ‘This molding, on account of its concavity, is very flexible, and can be ad- justed to fit sash and frame with very little trouble, if nails of sufficient length are used. Short nails will be likely to lose their grip on account of the resistance of the molding; therefore guard against the possibility of failure in this respect, as much depends upon the strips fitting tightly throughout the season. Strips of cloth pasted over cracks and crevices will be found very effective in keeping out the cold, and many amateur gardeners can apply them to better advantage than they could molding. But I would advise the use of the latter, even if you have to hire some one to put it in place for you, as a more thorough and dependable job can be done with it. Storm-sash will be found of great benefit. Where it is used, plants can be allowed to stand with their leaves against the inner glass, with- out any risk of their being injured by frost. The air-space between the two thicknesses of glass protects them from the cold. The first cost of such sash is not great, and, with proper care during the season when it is not in use, it will last for a good many years. Many per- sons claim that the cost of the sash is nearly met, in one season, by the saving of fuel. When storm-sash is used, cold finds it im- possible to pass the space between the two sashes, and less fire is needed to keep the tem- perature of the room evenly comfortable. Some reader may urge that the use of storm-sash in- terferes with the daily airing of the plants growing in windows thus fortified against the severities of a northern climate. ‘That it pre- vents the admission of air at that window I admit. But that is a good thing, for many plant-owners injure them greatly by allowing cold air to blow directly upon them. Use all the fresh, pure air possible, but let it come into the room at some other place than the window where you keep your plants. If this is done, it will mix with the warm air in the room, and all its chill will be taken off before it reaches the window-garden. To allow cold air to blow upon a delicate plant often injures it nearly as much as positive freezing. Be on the lookout for insects, which breed with wonderful rapidity after plants are brought into the house. The home-made insecticide of Ivory soap and water, will be found quite as effective as any and it has the merit of being as safe as it is cheap. In addition to that, it is pleasant to handle—something that can not be said of the tobacco preparations used in fighting insects. Spray your plants with this insecticide every week, even if not an insect is seen on them. FALL WORK IN THE GARDEN By Ida D. Bennett EFORE the first frosts of September, or B whenever the frost-king first makes his visits in the different parts of the country, fall work in the garden should be well under way. Plants that have been plunged in pots in the garden in preparation for winter-blooming should be lifted before the frost has visited them and prepared for the change that awaits them indoors. Protecting in the beds with papers and rugs is not at all the thing if one would have successful plants during winter. The change from the free open life of out-of- doors to the steam, hot-air or stove-heated, breath-contaminated air of indoors is so great that only the plants that come into it in the pink of condition can hope to survive. Plants, then, that are intended for winter- blooming should be lifted early in September and potted. They should be freely watered the night before lifting that the earth may ad- here to the roots, and it will be well if the October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 261 BURLINGTON wnisicine BLINDS Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality Surest Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Venetian Blind for Proved by actual use to be Raid eiingooand the most practical and satis- I] Sliding Blinds for eutdeor veranda factory blinds and screens on ee eee : the market. : Any wood; any finish 4 Requirenopockets to match trim. For your own best interests Any wood; any and your customers, send for finish. Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW a | iy I i ll yy {HN b ) | a Iron Frame, 36 Inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle. Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue. J. M. Marston -& Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. A Floor of Beauty is the floor treated with I.X.L. Floor Finish. For smooth- ness, lustre and wearing qual- ity it is superior toany other dressing for beautifying hard wood floors. [.X.L. Floor Finish is the ‘produc t of seventy-nine years’ experience in varnish making. It is the one floor finish that does not make your hard wood floor a constant care. When itis on, itis there to stay, is not easily scarred, proof against water and hard- es over night. For all other interior wood- finishing insist on [I.X.L. PRESERVATIVE COATING “Rules for the Preservation of Hardwood Floors’”’ sent free ou request if you mention your dealer’s name. EDWARD SMITH & CO., 45 Rroapway, New York. ee “79 YEARS’ — } BY 7 f “79 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE aS “EXPERIENCE IN EVERY IM EVERY CAN" can" WANTED A Reliable, Experienced Landscape-gardener to develop 40-acre homestead in suburb of Birming- ham; 1,800-acre place eight miles from Birmingham; also to have supervision of a 300-acre tract in suburb of Dallas, Tex. Address R. S. Muncer, Birming- ham, Ala., or C. H. Muncer, Dallas, Tex. atyour dealer's Health and Pleasure or direct at y SON halts sys and girls is what you are most Lowest f » anxious to secure for them. Physicians say Factory that nc thi ng is quite so good as exer- ' cise in the open air on an “IRISH MAIL’’ The car that evenly exercises the whole body and makes the youngsters well, strong and I apPy. near i’? for Write to- pay ; spre: ee uilt low, can’t upset. The gen- for catal< sh Mai 1” ie name on seat. Take no other. Hill- Standard Wie. Co. “Bi Trish Mail Ave., Anderson, Ind. Hand-Woven INDIAN BASKET aa — AND-WOVEN by Indians in Mexico from strong ees : palm fiber. Uniquely col E 4 ornamental; 8 in. ~~ i j room, etc. W arrar ited ger } a i but we will send p ic h Fj | design int ; x of Mexican awny : [yg 6 FREE with order or ts. M y THE FRANCIS. E. “LESTER co. — Dept. AF 11 Mesilla Park, N. Mex. Largest Retailers Genuine Indian and Mexican Handicraft in the World. 262 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 The largest and most modern of office, store and factory buildings in the world are warmed by our Low Pressure - Steam and Hot Water outfits. It is because the genial warmth : yielded puts every bread- winner therein at ease and comfort for best work. The home can be made equally delightful for the loved ones by use of smaller sized outfits of RICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS The bread-winner thus gets a right start for the day’s work by rising, bathing, dressing and breakfasting in a cozily warmed house. So, too, an evening in a cold house—no matter how brightly lighted or ‘richly furnished—is a sad climax to the day’s efforts. Then, there are the vacant chairs in a cheerless room—the genial, cozy warmth of ‘‘other places’’ often lure family members away from what should be the place of all places—s/ome. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators soon repay their cost in fuel, labor and repair savings—and thereafter pay dividends. ‘Their cleanliness halves household drudgery and saves furnishings. Made in sizes to fit all classes of buildings, —OLD or new—FARM or city. A child can operate the outfit—which never wears out.. True investments for prudent bread-winners. Sales Branches and Warehouses throughout America and Europe. Write today for catalogue (free). AMNERICANRADIATOR (COMPANY CHICAGO sb ss oe eo oes eae oe oe oe eat oe eta oe SANITARY HEATING is impossible without an automatic heat regulator to maintain a uniform Almost any kind of a heating plant will maintain an EVEN TEMPERATURE in every room of your home with the MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR for many years the standard automatic heat regulator from Florida to Labrador. It saves coal bills and prevents every possible accident from temperature. sudden changes in the weather. So susceptible that a change of one degree will operate the dampers. 30 DAYS’ ELECTRIC HEAT REGULATOR CoO. FREE TRIAL Wm. R. Sweatt, Secretary First Avenue and G Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. ger ae Adjust Here IT’S AUTOMATIC plant has had a circle cut around it, of the size of the pot it is to occupy, a week or more before lifting. This will reduce the root-area to the requisite dimensions and the time that elapses before lifting will allow of the starting of new feeding-roots from the severed roots and put the plant in the best possible condition for blooming. The plants being potted should be placed in a cool, rather shady place for two or three days, and brought into the house before fires have been lighted or doors or windows closed. This will give them time gradually to become accustomed to the change. When the doors must be closed it will be well to admit as much fresh air, always avoiding a draught, for the plants as possible. Plants which are to be stored in the cellar or under the benches in the greenhouse may be left until later. Hardy perennials which need dividing, espe- cially those which have finished blooming, may be lifted and divided. Perennial phlox is much improved by this treatment and it set now will become established and make considerable growth before cold weather. Iris may be planted this month and will make better plants than spring-planted roots which have been in cold storage during: the winter. Seeds of hardy annuals which do better for fall-sowing may be gotten into the ground as soon as the room can be spared tor them. Poppies from fall-sown seeds are much finer than those from seed sown in the spring. The digitalis or fox-glove sheds its seeds in midsummer and comes up the following spring and the seed may be profitably sown at this time, though in this case it will be better to sow under the protection of the cold frame. Most of the hardy perennials which will bear transplanting may with profit be sown in the cold frame at this season. Pansies are es- pecially favored by this treatment. When the first frost has spoiled the leaves of the caladiums the roots may be lifted and all injured parts cut back and the bulbs stored in a warm, dry place. “The caladium requires more heat in storage than most other bulbs and should be placed where it will not be in any danger of being chilled. Gladioli may be left until just before the ground freezes and dahlias are not injured by a frost that does not reach the roots, so that they may be left until the first frost has spoiled the foliage, when they should be dug. Any work that will have to be done in the spring, but can be anticipated, should be done now. ‘There is alw ays so much more to do in spring than there is time to do it in that every hour's or day’s work that can be done now is time well invested. Fences may be put in order, paths repaired and the curbing of beds looked after. Is a trellis-post weakened be sure that the spring will find it prone on the ground and the vine more or less injured ; a new post now will save annoyance and loss later on. Does the cold-frame sash need glaz- ing, do it now; do not trust to boards laid over the broken glass to keep out frost and rain; the first stiff wind will displace it and probe ably land it on some other part of the sash and the result will be another broken glass. Look the insides of the frames over for knot- holes and see that they are closed with bits of tin nailed over; the failure to do this may result in the mice making their nests under the warm leaves or the moles burrowing therein. All pots that shall be needed for winter use should be gathered together and scalded with soapsuds and placed where they can be gotten at readily. Potting-soil that will be needed should be gotten, sifted and placed under shel- ter and, if it is first given a thorough heating on the kitchen-range to destroy all insect-life, it will do well. There is nothing more annoy- — — Ss a) ae. October, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 263 ‘2 . = i t : : YR va (Sal rb, Ad Gane Pol SELL) J. H. Freedlander, Architect Sean s “CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES’ is the title of a new book just published by the Atlas Portland Cement Company. This book contains about 90 photographs and floor plans illustrating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of great value to those who are about to build. It has been collated for the purpose of showing prospective house-builders the many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. A copy of this book (size 10x12 inches) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $1.00. Address THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK CITY. DEPARTMENT No. 10 eee eee SEE EE Clipper Lawn Mower Company, Dixon, Ill. Manufacturers of Hand and Pony Mowers Also Marine Gasoline Engines, 2 to 8 H.P. From Chicago to NORTH PACIFIC COAST POINTS Sept. 15 to Oat. 31, 1906 The opportunity of the year to go West on Low One-way Colonist Excursion Rates, applying to Montana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. Secure a farm in the great irri- gated districts, where the yield is enormous and crops are independent of rainfall. The MOWER that will kill all the | weeds in your | lawns. If you keep the weeds | cut so they do not go to seed, Three Transcontinental Trains in each direction daily. Large 18-section Pullman tourist sleeping-cars. Stopovers west of Billings, Mon., except between Logan and Garrison, inclusive. Write C. W. MOTT, G.E.A., St. Paul, Minn., for information about land, etc. For details of rates and train service write C. A. MATTHEWS, Gen. Agt. Pass. Dept. 208 South Clark St., Chicago, Ill. and cut your | grass without breaking the small |} feeders of roots, | the grass will become thick and h weeds will Net P12 inch Mower, $500 |) 7. disa ear. To Helena and Butte, $30; Spokane and Ellensburg, $30.50; oe 2 —1 5 6.00 - Portland, Tacoma, Seattle, Ashland, Ore., and Astoria, Ore., $33 tig. 19) % “ 7.00 oe * 4—21 “ 8.00 The Clipper Northern Pacific Railway ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS TO THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST A. M. CLELAND, Gen. Pass. Agt., St. Paul, Minn. Pony 24 “ 7 18.00 will do it. Send Draft or Money Order; we ship the day it comes in Don’t cut away your timbers or depend on flimsy spiking Bd We make Hangers adapted to all conditions Lane Brothers Company (The Door Hanger Manufacturers) 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ‘House . Garden A Splendid Trio THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO. ‘The Most, Exceptional Book Offer OF THE SEASON 1.—A Brand New Book, direct from the Publishers, in a Tabard Inn Case . : Value : : $1.18 2.—Membership in THE TABARD INN LIBRARY 3.- THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, 12 Months “ An ore 1.50 es house rden MAGAZINE, 12 Months “ Doo: 3.00 T l Value, : : 6 | ALL FOR $3.50 | ike ooo Select. the Book you desire from the following list: - Will N. Harben Man in the Case, Eke . Elizabeth Stuart Phelps : Miriam Michelson Prisoners . : : . Mary Cholmondley Anna Boyd , Anthony Overman Awakening of Helena Ritchie, The, Margaret Deland Saint, The 50 . 7 De OK Ke , > Carrisbrooke Winged Chair The Verbeck, Whybrow G Crossley Co. incorporated) 1 sir itoun ot ot = = The style of this is Jacobean, Period Furnishers and Decorators and with suitable antique fabric is a most ““comfy” and artistic Two Hundred Ninety-Eight Fifth Avenue, New York old pattern. NS PI PP I SK I I I AS SK SK SK SK IE HIE SE SE IE SIE IESE SE IE EK FED DIS DE IE IS HS EE HE HE SE IE IS HE IE IE SE SS DI IS IE SIE SE SE IE SK IE SE SE IE SIE SE SE SE SE SK EEE IE SIE IE IE IE IE IE IE IE HE ‘The Kimball Soloist Enables the performer to execute certain parts like the flute, oboe, clarinet, etc, and to furnish simul- taneously an orches- tral accompaniment. These TwoTables from the Bradstreet Shops and Crafthouse represent the art of exclusive design for which we are famous In JIN-DI-SUGI Fimish which means an imitation of Japanese driftwood with all the color of age. Cryptomeria, seemingly buried a thousand years, had taken on this same beautiful color when taken from the bog in Japan, and hence the term JIN-DI-SUGI means ‘‘a thousand years’’ to these industrious peopie. The extreme simplicity of this idea adds mate- rially to the strength of its position. Its opera- tion is direct and perfect, and it is always ready for action, easily governed, and with the simplest direc- tion$§ gives the correct interpretation. We build these elegant tables principally from cy- press, which lends its elegant grai so admirably to this particular finish: but you can have them in spruce, cedar or chestnut, as you elect. As we are known solely by the work we produce, we invite you to write for clearer pho- tos and descriptions of same. These tables are finished either in brown or green. The charm of all that characterizes our work can not be had elsewhere; is yours for the effort of be- coming acquainted. Would you know us better? Residence pipe-organs of large and small capacity are built with this Soloist, or solo-device, but they can also be played in the regular way, making instru- ments for professionals or those without training. Call or write for particulars. W. W. Kimball Co. CESTABI {SHED 1857) Southwest Corner Wabash Avenue and Jackson Boulevard, Chicago New York Office, 150 Fifth Avenue John S. Bradstreet & Co. 328 South 7th St., Minneapolis, Minn. 266 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 Sun-Diacs with PepesTALs, ComPLETE a KOLUS By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the reach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON, N. Y., U.S. A. New York Office: 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, Ill. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use athena oer rae Sa a a. sieineliunen What do you do when a door sticks, or when you want a shelf put up, or a curtain pole sawed off? Have you all the tools necessary for the numberless jobs about the house, and are they all keen and sharp and always in perfect condition? KEEN KUTTER TOOL CABINETS are made of handsomely finished natural oak, hand rubbed and con- tain just the selection of tools for practical purposes. Every tool isa Keen Kurrerand fully guaranteed. Each tool has its own place so that it is always where you can lay your hand on it and is easily kept in perfect condition Ask us to send you handsomely illustrated catalogue showing our complete line of KEEN Kurrek Cabinets; then select the Cabinet containing the assortment of tools you want and your dealer will supply you — ff not, write us and give us your dealer's name. This booklet contains Cabinets from $8.50 to $50.00, according to assortment of toots. A postal will bring tt SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY, _ St. Louis and New York, U.S.A. peraer Barzan tan Paynes Penapes® Plant for Immediate Effect 2 Bind - Sig NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS ie = Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to fb ® bind 4 grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an immediate effect. Fall Price-list Now Ready. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR ie ip Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. PS anne fan Papanpnenpran tent epep te much of which is annually rendered abortive by the depredations of this pest. The chrysalids of the cabbage-butterfly, the various borers and many other caterpillars will be found near the surface of the soil, under the siding of the house, the underside of steps and the like and should be gathered up and destroyed. Fall-spading and plowing is of much ben- efit in ridding the garden of destructive insect life, and should be practiced whenever practi- cable. Where a number of mole-runs converge toward a common center the presence of a burrow may be suspected at that point, and it will pay to dig for it or at least to set traps on the runs leading to and from the spot; it is not of much use to set but one trap, sev- eral, or as many as there are runs will do the work speedily and well, while one may remain in the ground for days with no result; the moles meeting the obstruction merely turn back and seek another outlet; close all the outlets and they will force a passage in some direction and so are caught. By this method I caught in ten days, ten moles in one bed, and I have never seen a mole in that part of the garden since. THE‘ST. BERNARD F KINDS, varieties, species, shapes, sizes, colors and sorts of dogs there is seem- ingly no end. No place is, perhaps, so ill adapted to the keeping of dogs as the city, although in the most crowded regions the true dog-lover will refuse to be parted from his “best friend.” If one must have a dog in the city it obviously should be one of the smaller varieties, while the country is undoubtedly the true place for the larger animals. And of large dogs the first choice in many cases will be the St. Bernard. It is of massive breed, imposing appearance, friendly disposi- tion, and noble character; and in a quite true sense it has a soul and intelligence that places it in the front ranks of dogs. “The gentle and child-loving instincts of the St. Bernard is beautifully shown in the care he manifests in romping with children, and his protective traits stand out strongly when his confidence is abused by strangers or the property of his playmates or his master is endangered. ‘The two largest kennels of St. Bernards in America are each picturesquely situated. One is owned by Miss Anna Marks, of “Willow- mere Farm,’ Sound Beach, Conn., a place that enjoys a world-wide reputation from its famous horses. It includes many acres located directly on the shores of Long Island Sound, a farm of hills and dales nae charming scen- ery. Here may be seen such dogs as Champion Willowmere Judge, Champion Baby Beauti- ful, Champion Duke of Watford, Aunt Bylo, Aunt Thankful and many others, all typical specimens and dogs of great merit and beauty. The other most notable kennel is that owned by Mr. H. L. Van Wyck, located at Riverton, N. J., and surrounded on three sides by the flower-fields of the Dreer Nurseries. ‘The place is but nine miles above Philadelphia and only three minutes from the railroad sta- tion. It is a beautiful site, with many shade- trees and delightful surroundings. The “Wiccopee Kennels” house twenty-one St. Bernards. Among them are Fritz Emmett, 2d, a worthy son of the Great Champion (now dead) Alta Bruce; Columbia Gent, a little brother of Champions Columbia’s Hope and Mayor of Watford. Here also are Wic- copee Minnehaha and Wiccopee Pocahontas, two great youngsters by Champion Willow- mere Judge. Wiccopee Gera Girl promises to excel her great sire Champion Mayor of Watford in type, and Queen Rena, a year-and- a-half-old youngster by that great international winner of Europe and America, Champion | October, 1906 The Roberts Safety Wrought-Iron Boiler For Heating Purposes, on either the Steam or Hot Water Principle, at a price which competes with cast-iron boilers HIS boiler is designed just the same for either steam or hot water heating and can alternate from one to the other, thus better meeting the weather conditions without requiring any alterations in the system. For further particulars apply to The Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Co. 39 Cortlandt Street New York City Works at Red Bank, New Jersey peo LISTIC.- SON CRE TE LAVVN-VASES q Fill up that bare place in park or campus, add to the attract- iveness of your lawn or beautify your grounds by installing a hand- some concrete vase, as shown in photo-engraving. Our handsome lawn specialties are very reasonable and yery effective when properly placed. Price, only $5. Our stately BON CRE E-- pale TING POSTS make the exterior look substantial and lend a very pleasing effet. Suitable for elegant homes. May be placed at either end of driveway. Either vase or post at $5, se- curely crated. q Machines for making them if desired. Catalog. MEDINA CONCRETE CO. 40 Court St. Medina, Ohio Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10 by 12% inches in size, and 2 substantially bound in cloth, PRICE, e FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, Interior Woodwork and Furniture. $j Not brittle ; will neither scratch nor mY’ deface like shellac or varnish, Is For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware and House-Furnishings. Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of the snany advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 356 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. H is a superior finish for Our No. 3 Reviver kitchen and piazza floors, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Sanitary ROASTER MAKES A ROAST MEAN A REST A roast means a rest to the owner of a LISK SANITARY SELF-BASTING ROASTER. Put the roast in the oven, look at the clock, and rest. “There’s nothing else to do until it’s time to serve the roast. Because of its self-basting feature the LISK ROASTER takes away all the drudgery of cooking. The juices of the meat, vaporized by the heat, collect in drops on the inner roof of the ROASTER and fall back upon the meat in a continuous shower of gravy. Incidentally the LISK ROASTER saves one-fifth of every roast—one pound in five, and so pays for itself over and over again. The LISK SANITARY SELF-BASTING ROASTER is made in Lisk’s Imperial Gray Enameled Steelware. Can be used on the stove or inthe oven. Cleans like china. No seams, joints or corners to hold grease, therefore absolutely sanitary. Made in four sizes, unconditionally guaranteed and sold by all leading hardware dealers and house-furnishing stores. Illustrated booklet H, sent free on request. THE LISK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited CANANDAIGUA, N. Y. = rs —— = = Se es ae oe = —- 7 nO The » “Antt-jalubtus” Skylight Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement. Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- light without coming in contact with or danger of breaking glass. Manufactured The Ge Drouvé Co: and Erected by Bridgeport, Connecticut al Also Manufacturers and Erectors of Che Lovell Window Operating Device ii enti A—Steel Supporting Bar F—Copper Sheet Cap B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galvy. Brass Spring C—Fiat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on E—Glass skylight) The only device on the market that will, if desired, operate a line of sash 500 ft. long LISKS \.. SELF BASTING 68 AMERICAN HOMES AND .GARDENS October, 1906 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” a Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases Harte can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews 2 Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer o | Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting EJ C.P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— ) Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. = Woodruff Leeming Clement B. New bold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. < | Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Remy a5 Brooklyn, New York This is the Age of the METAL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile LATEST c BEST DESIGNS and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day. The NEW CENTURY METAL SHINGLES are fire-proof, are light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely em- Quality the Highest ¢# Honest Prices Painted Tin, Galvanized Tin, Copper, etc. bossed, lock perfect and patented. SEND FOR; CATALOGUE And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than any- thing when you figure all the saving points involved, cost of insurance, etc. HORNET MANTEL co. Don’t fail to get booklet No. 25 we send you free, chuck full of the roofing question, 1112 to 1120 “Market St. 4 ST. LOUIS comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. CHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CO., Chattanooga, Tenn. @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORDSGOMoEANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York October. 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 269 Water for Your Country Home F you live in the country there is a way for you to enjoy a// the comforts and conveni- ences of a city water supply without a penny for water tax. It is accomplished by the Kewanee System. With the Kewanee System you get even more than city service, because, in addition to every benefit the latter affords, you may have —Soft water in your bathroom and laundry, * * * * The Kewanee System is easily explained; it consists simply of having a Kewanee Pneu= matic Tank set in your cellar or buried in the ground. The water from your owz well or cistern is pumped into the Kewanee Tank. From the tank the water is delivered under pressure tothe laundry tubs, kitchen sink, bath- rooms, outside hydrants or wherever wanted, When the tank is half-full of water the air which originally filled the entire space will be compressed into the upper half of it. It is this pressure exerted on the water which delivers it to the plumbing fixtures and hydrants, An average pressure of 4o pounds may be maintained under ordinary conditions, This will carry water to a height of go feet, thus af- fording splendid fire protection. You see that the method, while perfectly simple, is based on a thoroughly sczentzjic plan. The Kewanee Water Supply Company was the first to apply this principle successfully in supplying water to country houses, and after ten years of experience the system has proved to be entirely Jractica/ and it is rapidly grow- ing in favor. Over 5,000 Kewanee Outfits now in use. The old style elevated tanks are passing —Because they stand no show in compe- - tition with the modern, no-trouble system—the Kewanee System. The old-fashioned gravity system meant pumping water z/ in order to get it down again, Now,togive the necessary pressure for fireprotection and service, the elevated tank must be located on top ofatalltower. This is expensive, unsightly and unsafe, The water freezesin winter, becomes warm and Stag- nant in summer, and repairs are a big item of expense. The attic tank doesn’t give sufficient pressure for fire protection. Its weight is apt to crack the plastering, and when it leaks (as it is pretty suze to do) your house is flooded. Just one such expensive accident may cost you many times the price of a Kewanee Outfit —Which caz not flood the house, because the tank is resting on sv/id ground where it can do no damage. The installation of a Kewanee Pneumatic Water System in your country home means —Plenty of pure, fresh water, —Cool water in the summer, —No freezing water in winter, —Absolute protection from fire, —Decrease in insurance rates, —A plant that will lasta lifetime, —No expensive repairs. It solves the country water problem completely. The Kewanee System will take care of a// your needs —for home, garden, lawn, stables, poultry houses, etc. rey * * * Our Kewanee Outfits are complete. Not an engine only, which in itself can not give you a water supply—nor a tank only, which is useless un- less you have some form of pumping power— But, we furnish the wo/e thing—a complete system of water supply. Our engineering department is prepared to solve your water problem—no matter how difficult that problem may now appear Kewanee Outfits are made in sizes suited to the small- est cottage—or largést building—or group of buildings. We guarantee every Kewanee Outfit to give perfect Service Send for catalogue No. 36, which shows where Kewanee Outfits may be found in your State—free if you mention this paper. Kewanee Water Supply Company, Drawer K. K., Kewanee, III. QU, Patented and Trade-Mark Reg: U.S. Pat. Off, The “Globe” Ventilator In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight waa Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. sam fectly ventilating buildings of every character. model and pamphlet. Globe Ventilator Company — :: For per- Send for Smoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Manufactured by Troy, N.Y. PEONIES, PHLOXES IRISES LILACS HARDY ROSES For Fall Planting We offer the finest varieties, em- bracing all desirable Our collections of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants are the most complete in this country. Illustrated and Descriptive Cata- logue, also list of Novelties and Specialties, with beautiful colored plate of the New White Rose Snow Queen (Frau Karl Druschki) mailed free on request ELLWANGER @® BARRY Nurserymen, Horticulturists noveltie Rochester, New York Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON ORUCIBLE ©0., Jersey City, N. J. F. WEBER ¢& CO. Engineers’ and Draughtsmen’s Supplies Sole Agents for Riefler’s Instruments, Ott’s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue-print Papers, Drawing-boards, Tables, Squares, Triangles, etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Tra . and Levels of Best Makes. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. ITI. 1125 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Make Your Own Concrete Building Blocks Best, Fastest, Simplest. Cheapest. MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks THE PETTYJOHN CO. 617 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind, BRISTOL’S Recording Thermometer Located within house, records ATRIGHS, METAL SHINGLES y ‘oxy make the house look right from the outside and feel right from the inside. They beautify the building, and protect the dwelling from fire, storm and lightning. That’s the Treason the architects should specify them. Cortright Metal Roofing Co. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO weekly chart outside fie Gasie os Also, Bristol’s Gauges, Vol Over 100 diffe teec Send for THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn, 60 R.R.FREIGHT DEPOT AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS October, 1906 <“ OMADAYM OMA—-ZzC 7 for erection cA Roofing -7Material to give long service and c < be capable of rapid expansion omplete satisfaction, must and contraction. Without these two qualities it will soon be rendered practically worthless because of breaks and buckling. In the making of ROOFING TIN we carefully figure both these factors, and the result These qualities, in conjun is a Terne Plate that offers the greatest protection. ction with its well-known pliability and perfect coating, have made @ Ternes the plates they want the best to be had. Send for our booklet, to know how real Roofing Tin is made. are and the ones “From Underfoot to Overhead, you need if you ”? if you would like It is free. AMERICAN SHEET ©&® TIN PLATE COMPANY FRICK BUILDING SEND FOR OUR CATA OT-YVAT ER PITTSBURGH, PA. LOG,“HOME HEATING” HEATED * 1I98 5 AN geese tr TEM TSS: WELL WORTH READING Paper Patterns for noes Plants About 40 years ago a man named Butterick made a business of cutting patterns for men’s shirts. His wife suggested that patterns be made in similar manner for women’s and children’s clothes. He did this, and the result is the present tissue-paper pattern used in every home. By using these patterns any woman who can sew can save half the cost and make clothes fully as attractive and serviceable as she can get from a professional dressmaker. We make patterns for Heating Plants. Send plan or sketch of your house for exact estimate free. Our price will include best radiators, es cut to fit, fittings, valves, gold bronze, and the now famous A s Steam Boiler. Everything complete, ready I} as ram and directions, so any man handy with tools can erect. A s Steel aoe has double heating sur- rae e, requir 1, is simple, durable, easily cleaned, and needs no repair We furnish the hottest radiators (100 square ANDREWS HEATING COMPANY, CONTRACTORS MANUFACTURERS feet with the Andrews System will do the work of 150 feet with the others); perfect control secured by our Regurgitating Safety Valve and Group System of piping. We design, manufacture, guarantee and sell each plant diréct from factory to user, viv- ing you the lowest price forthe value. Don’t buy a heating plant, either water or steam, until you have sent for our catalog, “Home Heating,’? which explains fully how you can erect your own plant and save plumbers’ charges. Send for list of our customers in your vicinity and ex- amine their plants. We do it right in 44 States, Can- ada and Alaska. Plants guaranteed and sold on 360 days’ trial free. (Remember we manufacture the most economical boiler, furnish the quickest circulation, hottest radiators and lowest price for the value.) Freight Rates Equalized. Cut out this ad. to-day, send names of other people going to buy and get full particulars. Old houses easily fitted. 159 LaSalle Street, Chicago 437 Hennepin Avenue, CONSULTING ENGINEERS Minneapolis - OzEroscowsme Newton Abbott Squire, gives evidence of se- curing championship laurels herself. Here also is to be found that wonderful bitch Champion Columbia’s Hope, whose list of winnings com- prises twenty-five firsts, six seconds and many special prizes. She is the only one who has won over Champion Baby Beautiful. Many others of equal breeding, including two sisters of the great Crusader, are here, and in perfect health and condition, due to the exceptional rigidness of the sanitary rules maintained by Mr. Van Wyck and faithfully carried out by/his kennel-manager. ‘Thus, for example, each of the compartments of the main kennel-building contains a disinfecting appa- ratus that continually charges and purifies the air with a clear, pleasant-odor chemical, that also keeps the flies and other insects and other insects from lingering about the stalls. This, however, is but a special precaution, for the kennels are scrubbed daily with a disinfecting solution, which is also used for the daily sprinkling of the runs. Visitors are provided with linen dusters and aprons that the cloth- ing is not soiled by the frolicsome puppies. Both these kennels are freely open to visitors at all times, and any one interested in dogs, and especially in St. Bernards, will find a visit to either of them a source of much pleasure and profit. NEW BOOKS THE SEASONS IN A FLOWER-GARDEN. A Handbook of Information and Instruction for the Amateur. By Louis Shelton. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 117. Price, $100 net. This is an admirably conceived and well-exe- cuted book. It is exactly the book that every amateur has been looking for, but which hitherto has been unobtainable. Its merits are obvious. It is small and easily handled; its statements are brief and precise; and the study of the garden by months is capitally done. The temptation to write a large garden-book is very great, for the subject is a large one and most captivating. “The present writer has planned a book that will be really helpful to those who want a small garder who do not know how to grow flowers and who - need definite, concise information. One will not learn everything there is to know about a flower-garden from this little handbook, but one can, with its aid, grow as beautiful a gar- den as one may wish to see. In some respects it is the most practical, and therefore the most useful, garden-book that has yet appeared. How To CuHooseE A Farm. With a Discussion of American Lands. By Thomas F. Hunt. New York: The Macmillan Co. Bp toie412: It is quite likely that not a few owners of farms will wish they had had this book before they made their present investment, and it is very certain that had they had it it would have helped them immensely. Professor Hunt undertakes to treat of farms in all parts of America, his scheme including not only the United States and its dependencies, but Can- ada, Mexico, the West Indies and South America. His book is an extraordinarily use- ful one, though necessarily very general in its application. One can not, for example, look to it for exact guidance concerning the value of a farm in a given county of any State; but one can learn from it, as one can not learn from any other book, a host of general facts touch- ing on the general conditions of farms and farming in all the vast region covered. The author wisely points out that a farm has a value as a home and a value for business purposes. It is the latter aspect with which his book is. concerned, since the home value must be largely dependent on the personal ideas of the owner. ‘The first part of his book, there- October, 1906 fore, treats of the selection of a farm for profit, and the remaining portion deals with the var- ious regions of the territory covered. “The spe- cial chapters relating to States and countries have, in most instances, been read and criti- cized by some one at present living or who has lived therein, and sometimes by two or more. No pains, therefore, have been spared to make the text accurate and the book trustworthy. It is an admirable addition to the literature ot scientific farming. AMERICAN INTERIOR DecoRATION. New York: Clifford and Lawton. 55 plates. Portfolio. The present popularity of historic furni- ture, or rather of furnishing by periods as- sures a welcome to any publication that un- dertakes to illustrate such work in a systematic and definite manner. “The compilers of the present portfolio have made a selection of fifty-five plates, taken from American exam- ples and presenting as many rooms or apart- ments decorated and furnished in a consistent style. It is but the simple truth to say that this result—historical accuracy—is not always achieved in the somewhat gaudy man- ner with which many American dwellings are now often overfurnished, and particularly with what may be called exotic styles, in which what is often enough but a mere char- acteristic detail is expanded into a whole room treatment. Messrs. Clifford and Lawton have fortunately omitted most of such efforts from their selection. The illustrations are taken from various sources, including photographs and_ sketches, exhibits at St. Louis and in furnishing shops. The individual merit of the plates is, there- fore, somewhat varied. It is to be regretted that, in most cases, no information is given as to the location of the rooms shown nor the sources of the illustrations. The addition of the designer's name would have been a well- deserved courtesy that should not have been avoided, THE Tavsot J. Taytor CoLLeEcTIon. Fur- niture, W ood-carving, and other Branches of the Decorative Arts. New Wonk: Gob) Putnams isons, I2p: 10: This sumptuous book is a most interesting record of the extraordinary collection of old furniture made by Mr. Talbot J. Taylor, and contained in his beautiful residence, “Talbot House, at Cedarhurst, Long Island. It is a collection that represents years of earnest, active effort in accumulation, and the making of which, as well as its present enjoyment, must have given unbounded satisfaction to its fortunate owner. The acquisition of old furniture not only necessitates a place in which to keep it, but its proper arrangement. ‘There is no criticism to be made of Mr. Taylor on either of these particulars. Talbot House is a_ beautifu! country home, one that has been added to from time to time, but always in a_har- monious way and in excellent good taste. The owners accumulations of old furniture amount, practically, to the contents of a museum, yet his house has no suggestion of a museum in its arrangement. Rare and beau- tiful as much of its furniture is, it is displayed with remarkable good taste, the various peri- ods, as far as possible, being kept within definite room limitations. “The result is ob- vious, for his rooms have all the aspect of well-furnished, beautifully adorned apart- ments, a result not always obtained by the owners of old furniture. Mr. Taylor has manifestly spared neither time nor money in gathering his treasures. Thus he possesses four superb carved and gilded seats of the Louis XV period, covered with Beauvais tapestry, which belong to a set of six, the other two of which were bought gern iaeere saree a Se iat AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Book on House- hold Health sent free, if you men- Should tion the name of your Plumber. ‘What Your Closet | TO BE SAFE Book on House- hold health sent Be free, if you men- tion the name of your Plumber. A closet should be first of all, free from the odors caused by imperfect cleansing, or shallow water seal, permitting escape of sewer gas. It should be of perfect construction, and not of material subject to rust, corrosion, under- surface discoloration, or cracked and chipped surface enamel, such as porcelain enameled iron. If your closet shows any one of the faults mentioned, youare exposed toa direct and dangerous menace to health. If examination or past experience shows your closet to be defective, replace it with the perfect sanitation embodied in TRADE MARK The Closet of Health Unlike the ordinary closet, the ‘‘Sy-C1Lo’’ has a double cleansing action, a combination of flush from above and a powerful pump like pu// from below. The downward rush of water creates a vacuum into which the entire contents of the bowl is drawn with irresistible syphonic force. The material of the Sy-C1o Closet isheavy white chima, hand moulded into a single piece without joint or seam ; its surface cannot chip off nor crack, and is unaffected by acid, water or wear. The name ‘‘Sy-CLo”’ on a closet guarantees that it is made under the direction and supervision of the Potteries Selling Company, of the best materials, and with the aid of the best engineering skill, and has the united endorsement of eighteen of the leading potteries of America. Booklet on ‘‘Household Health”’ sent free, if you mention the name of your plumber. Lavatories of every design made of the same material as the Sy-CLo Closets. POTTERIES SELLING COMPANY, Trenton, N. J. 1904 Edition—Designs costing $2,000 to $15,000. Price, $2.00. 1906 Edition—Designs costing Z $6,000 to $30,000. Price, $2.00. The most beautiful and useful book on this subject published The designs are illustrated by fine half-tone engravings made from watercolor drawings and 4 photographs, showing the buildings as they will actually appear when completed. Each design has also a first and second floor plan carefully worked outand figured, and ina number of in- stances the interiors are shown from photograph plates; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on plan- ning and building. Colonial, Artistic, English Half Timber and other styles of Architecture. | Special designs and detailed plans prepared. Houscs altered and remodeled. WILLIAM DEWSNAP., Architect {52 Nassau Street, New York City Comfortable, Well Planned, and Well Built as can be had for the money ? Such Houses I make in my Books of Designs, or make specially to your order and satisfaction. Book of Bungalows, 1906—A u containing designs for one and one anil : Nous styles, 31,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. Price, by mail, $2.( New Picturesque Cottages—Containing Orig Beautiful Designs for Suburban Homes from $2,800 to & Price, by mail, $1.00. PICTURESQUE SUMMER COTTAGES, Vol. III, New and Re 1906 edition, Old Favorites and New Designs for Stone, Shing Rustic Summer Cottages. Price, by mail, 31.00. For Complete, Clear Drawings and Definite Speci fications, original and artistic interior and exterior effects, Buy My Plans. ©. E. HOLMAN, Architect, Room 14, 1020 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 272 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1906 BERGER'S © lA TRApe MADE FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND VL OLD ESN (SS) Dayal Ess HE beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect-fitting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in whic appearance is an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! poston !HE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. sr'rcuis MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, C&C. FOR ALL KINDS OF WOOD FLOORS The best finish not onlv for fine hard-wood floors, but pine floors as well. Produces a rich, subdued lustre obtainable in no other wav; accentuates the natural grain of the wood. Eco- nomical and sanitary. Will not flake, become sticky nor show scratches or heel marks. Int, 2,4 and 8-lb. cans, at 50 cents a pound, WRITE FOR OUR FREE BOOKLET, ‘‘Beautifying and Caring for Wood Floors’’ a — | Tells how to care for wood floors, woodwork and furniture; a book to read and keep for future refer- j ence. Our question blank, filled out, will bring you free an answer to all your floor troubles. If your dealer cannot supply you, write us direct giving us his name and address; we will send youa Liberal Sample of Old English Floor Wax Free We guarantee our finishes to give entire satisfaction when used as directed, or money refunded. | 11b. covers A. S. BOYLE & COMPANY, Dept. 0, CINCINNATI, OHIO } 300 sq. feet Largest Exclusive Manufacturers of Floor Wax in the World ARTISTIC MANTELS Our line embraces every~ thing needed for the fire- place, and our Mantels range in price from $2.65 up. q Catalogue free The GEO. W. CLARK GO. 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago, II. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. Factory: Knoxville, Tenn. by the King of England while Prince of Wales. ‘The range of the collection is wide; examples of Louis XIV, XV, and XVI are perhaps most numerous, but advantage has been taken of every good opportunity, and there are therefore many fine French and Spanish pieces as well as many English ones. Earlier than the sixteenth century there is little enough, but from that time on the best furniture periods are amply illustrated with many fine examples. ‘The specimens of wood- carving, of metal-work and other forms of decorative art are also of deep interest, while the library includes a number of richly bound volumes that are fine specimens of the best historic bindings. The book descriptive of these treasures is a handsome folio containing a hundred and eighty-seven illustrations. Many of these are individual views of separate pieces, but they also include general views of rooms, as well as views of the house and garden. It is beau- tifully printed, and the illustrations are quite unusual in their clearness and accuracy. The text, while necessarily somewhat in the nature of a catalogue, is a running comment on the chief articles in the collection, and is quite sufficient for descriptive purposes. BUILDING SUPERINTENDENCE AND CON- STRUCTION. Parr ID]. ‘TRwssen Roors AND Roor Trusses. By F. E. Kidder, C. E. New York: William T. Comstock. 1906. Pp. 297. Price, $3.00. This volume forms the third part of the notable series of text-books written by Dr. Kidder, and now unfortunately ended, so far as he himself is concerned, by his untimely death just before this book issued from the press. ‘The first volume of the series treated of Masons’ Work, the second of Carpen- ters’ Work; a fourth volume completing the present subject, was blocked out by the author and will, it is announced by the publisher, be made public in due course. Dr. Kidder’s books have long enjoyed a wide reputation among architects and engi- neers for their technical excellence, and the present work is fully up to the standard set by its author in the earlier instalments. It is a technical book, dealing with technical sub- jects in a technical way, presenting the topics in a truly scientific manner and covering it with practical completeness. No other treat- ment, indeed, would have been of value in a book of this description. It is a book that those having to do with the technical aspects of building will find of unusual value. The book contains eight chapters, deal- ing respectively with types of wooden trusses and the mechanical principles involved; types of steel trusses; lay-out of trussed roofs and bracing of the roof and trusses; open timber roofs and church roofs; vaulted and domed ceilings, including octagonal and domed roofs; coliseums, armories, train-sheds, exposition buildings, etc.; computing the purlin and truss loads and supporting forces; and stress dia- grams and vertical loads, including trusses symmetrically and unsymmetrically located. It is abundantly illustrated with more than three hundred diagrams. How to ManaceE A Horse; or, KNOWLEDGE is Power. By E. L. T. Edited by Edith Carrington and F. Leigh, F. R. C. V. S.. New York: Cassell & Company, Ltd., 1905. 16mo., pp. 99. Price, 50 cents. The author of this little book treats the sub- ject in a pre-eminently practical and sensible manner, and gives many useful hints and sug- gestions for the care of that most willing of man’s servants, the horse. Not only does the book contain many excellent, if simple, rules for riding and driving, but it contains much useful advice as well for the care of the horse in the stable and out. Sample and | Ap A House Lined with Circular ~~ Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The liaing is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Correspondence Solicited. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY. VERTICAL SECTION, @ Foyer of The First Church of Christ- Sci- entist, Boston, Massachusetts in which we laid 30,000 square feet of INTERLOCKING RUBBER TILING in solid color, to har- monize with the gen- eral scheme of deco- ration of the interior INTERLOCKING RUBBER 5TILING eee Rk Poe Ch, FLOOR OR business offices, banking-rooms, court-rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard - rooms, smoking-rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals, hotels, bathrooms, kitchens, etc. @ Samples, estimates and special designs furnished upon applica- tion. @ Beware of infringers. @ Patented. MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY NEW YORK BELTING ¢& PACKING CO. 91 AND 93 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK [LTD. Philadelphia : 6-120 N. Sth St. Buffalo . - . 600 Prudential Bldg. Chicago. : - 150 Lake St. Pittsburg . : . 528 Park Bldg. Oakland,-Cal. . . 918 Broadway Indianapolis, Ind. . 2298S. Meridian St. Boston c : . 232 Summer St. St. Louis. : . 218 Chestnut St. Baltimore . = . 114 W. Baltimore St. AIGHTING FIXTURE is lichted ree, ena A LIG (TH r FIXTURE is lighted, \ mn on the average, from four to six hours each day, The rest ot the t $s an object surroundings, resp¢ ( tiy , lighting value, We rather in- cline toward lighting effe that appeat equally to vantage lighted or not lighted. All of our work is stamped with our trade mark for the protection of our clients, The Enos Company Mahe OF LIGHTING. FIXTURES 5 West 39th St. New York City Baltimore, 519 N. Charles St.; Washington, 818 Connecwcut A Francisco, 1701 Gor t.; Toronto, 94 King St., West; Monweal, Bank of Toronto Building It Goes With the Sash! RAME window screens have always been a nuisance. Necessary, of course, but so much bother to adjust and take out when the windows had to be closed, opened or cleaned. The need of a new idea for window screens may be said to have been a "long felt want," and therefore all householders, office occupants, hotel keepers and others will hail with acclamation the advent of» The ‘Thompson’ Automatic Roller Window Screen es which is easily adjustable to all pei windows that raise or lower. No cutting of frame or sash. They are simply adjusted by any- body in a minute or two. They rise or fall with either sash, and are not in the way of shutters or storm windows; can be instantly detached when necessary, and do not obstruct the view at any time; do not rus or break, and will easily outlast ordinary screens, They allow of perfect ventilation § while keeping out mosquitoes, flies and other insects. @ Perfect in Action @ Neat in Appearance @ Low in Cost @ Effective in Results Manufactured & Controlled by @ Unique in Every Way American Automatic Roller Window Screen Co. 620 Mutual Life Building, Buffalo, N. Y, 30% SAVED OAK VENEERED DOORS IN STOCK ALL SIZES. MADE IN STOCK QUANTITIES, SOLD ATSTOCK PRICES, CARRIED IN STOG THE FOSTER-MUNGER (0. AMERIGAS GREATEST SASH & DOOR HOUSE CHICAGO, U:S‘A: WRITE FOR VENEERED DOOR BOOK 1448 E The Pierce Great Arrow Suburban Four-Cylinder. 28-32 H. P., $5,000; 40-45 H. P., $6,250 HE Pierce Suburban is a development of the Pierce Arrow. In the chassis of the Pierce Arrow, American conditions for successful automobile construction were intel- ligently grasped and competently met. The result was a touring-car for American men, to be driven over American roads a greater number of miles with fewer adjustments and repairs than any other car. The Pierce Suburban is the Pierce Great Arrow chassis with enclosed body. ‘This car meets the dual want of the average American car-owner—a dependable touring-car and a luxurious city carriage in one and the same automobile. THE GEORGE N. PIERCE €COIPANY BUT EALO IN: Ye Members of Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers $3.00 a Year WAERICAN BES “GARDENS a SF, — + ‘ yt oe 7 Se AN oie M 19064 MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers rice 25 Ce | a mn — ce | /] : : +t if = Every room #in fhe House comes under the sanitary influence of ‘Standard "Porcelain Enameled Ware ak bargain rae and otcoor svorts intict on tender skins. protection is the daiiy use of M E N N E N’S BORATED TALCUM TOILET POWDER Put up in non-refillable boxes, for your protection. If Mennen’s face is on the the cover, it’s gcnuine, that’s a guarantce of pur:ty. Delightfulafter shay- ing. Scld everywhere, or by mail 25 cts. Sample free. Gerhard Mennen Co. Newark, N. J. Try Mennen’s Violet(Dorated) Taleum Powder (it has the scent of fresh cut Violets) The best Page fence is not an experiment; it has been used for over twenty years and has stood every test. It has the reputation of being the best fence to buy and the reason for it is that Page fence is made of high-carbon, double-strength Page wire made in our own mills. leu From Bathroom to Bedroom, Kitchen and Laundry the use of “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware is the completion of modern sanitation in the home. It is the foundation of comfort in intimate family life; its sanitary perfection provides a "| guarantee of health; its practical construction eliminates the inconvenience and expense of repairs, 4| while its great durability makes it the most economical ware to install. “Standard” ware is a constant delight to the sight, touch and use of its owner, and a permanent cause of self-congratulation and pride in possession. 4 i | Our Book “* MODERN BATHROOMS ” tells you how to plan. buy and arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many |- beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many | It is springy, elastic, resilient; will bend, but not break. Costs no more erccted than ordinary fences, because it requires fewer posts. In addition to Page wire fence we make wrought iron fences, gates, arches, grill work, animal cages, signs, railings, entrance gates, hitching posts, etc. hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet everissted on the subject and contains i | 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage, and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected). E CAUTION: Every piece of “Statiéord’ Ware bears our “Statdard” ‘Green and Gold’’ guarantee label, and has our trade-mark *®+-sdarg cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark ore on the fixtrre it is not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes —they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. The werd “Standard” is stamped on all our nickeled brass |2)) fillings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc. Address Standard Sanitary M)f9.Co. Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, U. S. A. Oftices and Showroomsin New York: *Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street. London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. New Orleans: Cor. Baronne & St. Joseph Strs. Our wroughtiron catalog contains illustrations and descriptions of all kinds of artistic iron work. If interested, write for it. Page Woven Wire Fence Co. Box 83 Adrian, Mich. a CARPENTERS in these days of close competition Need the Best Possible Equipment I Going to the Pacific Coast? @ Every woman intending to make this splendid trip is cordially invited to send her name and address on a postal to P. S. Eustis, Tourist Excursion Dept. No. 11, 209 Adams Street, Chicago. and this they can have in @ By return mail you will receive a letter Our New Foot and Hand Power { Hand and Foot Power Circular Saw No. 4 Machinery HE strongest, most BARNES’ written by a woman for women who wish to know about modern tourist car travel. Many of the things you may have heard or imagined about tourist cars are not at all justified by the facts. It is really worth your powerful, and in every while to learn the truth about them if you way the best machine of are going anywhere west or northwest of its kind ever made. For Chicago or St. Louis. ripping, cross-cutting, bor- W.F.& JOHN BARNES CO. 567 Ruby Street ROCKFORD, ILL. f ; Ae @ Please send your name and address as ing and grooving above to-day now. November, 1906 Pee AN TOMES: AND GARDENS +i ares *. # Vi af s a fas ! & THE DESIGN-ADAPTABILITY OF EENNSYELVANIA RUBBER TILING admits of the richest and most harmonious effects—in any schemes of interior—that it is possible to attain with flooring materials. This is because of the perfect matching of colors and shades, and the facility with which the block shapes may be manipulated. PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER TILING has been proven not only superior to all other brands of rubber tiling, but also to outwear even marble, to be absolutely waterproof, and to afford a far safer and more agreeable footing (practically silent) than any other material. Book of Designs-in-Color will be mailed to you free upon request. PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER COMPANY JEANNETTE, PA. NEW YORK—1665 Broadway. ATLANTA, GA.—102 Prior Street. CHICAGO—1241 Michigan Avenue. BOSTON—167 Oliver Street. PHILADELPHIA—615 N. Broad St. BUFFALO, N.Y.—Main and Tupper Sts. LONDON—4 Snow Hill. — ee Ss — os eg ae Pausmedenewem reise’ 12x08 cone ean rnenetanenedee a cone ae prfonsneniansosensaesonsonevianronsortrsanepnanorop Herr sono ! 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1906 the brilliant young pianist of Paris, is coming to America this season under the direction of Loudon Charlton, Carnegie Hall, New York. In her concerts she will use exclusively Piano Lllustrated catalogue sent upon application. D. H. Batpwin & Co., 142 West Fourth Street, CINCINNATI rook. SO ORR . = a EE ARERR SL SRATEOR i Do You Want Absolute Fire Protection Do you want a window that will positively stand every test? Are you willing to spend | two cents and five minutes to find out the @ positive truth about 4 Mullins _ Fireproof Windows They actually do what no other window can do. | Shall we send you our catalogue and quote you prices ? | aie ‘*BUILT THE PREMIER WAY’? A Portable Summer Cottage “Yee EVENS PS Pe make pleasure-——did you know It can that : There is no outing like the Summer Cot- be W. H. Mullins Coz tage outing—it has a charm of its own. : ; , erected 202 Franklin St., Salem, O. Premiers are portable —and_ practical. nS on be erected in a few hours— or — - — 4 t last years. vf ye East eats Also manufacturers of Skylights, Ornamental Of course they’re just as durable as a re-erected Metal Work, Statuary, and Stamped Sheet permanent house, more suitable, and— ! Metal Work of all kinds. one-third the cost. ina Send for Booklet No. S 22 few Chas. H. Manley hours St. John’s, Michigan November, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS te ~ +e > te LS THE RADIANT ACETYLENE GENERATOR Talk No. 1 UST A WORD WITH REGARD TO EliGHhiNG=yYOUR -qOME With my Patent Dissolving Process, you can have Artificial Sunlight in your home. By this process I have made Acetylene. a practical commodity, indispensible to all who know its merits. I long since made a profession of the study of Acetylene, and its practical uses, and have solved the problem of HEATING and COOKING with Acetylene. Thousands are enjoying the use of this system, all over the land, owing to its supe- riority over city gas or electricity. It combines LUXURY and ECONOMY, as it is not only the most beautiful artificial light known, but also the cheapest. It is in daily use in many of the largest Cities, as well as in smaller towns, and country homes. The machine is wonderfully SIMPLE AND EASY TO OPERATE, is installed in the home, and a child can operate it. The machines are perfectly AUTOMATIC, and will run for weeks, or months, without any care or attention, according to the amount of light used and the size of the machine installed. The Radiant only has this process. It is the SAFEST system of artificial lighting known, is used in many almshouses and similar places purely as a matter of safety. CH thot Prestd't & General Mgr. If this interests you write for “ Acetylene for the Home,” by Rush. Address . 6 Bemis Stréet 4... CANANDAIGUA, NLY., U.S.A. FLANDRAU @& CO. 406-412 BROOME STREET, NEW YORK Style and Quality Comfort and Safety Station Vehicles Several Distinct Styles : All Glass, Part Glass and All Curtains Every Form of Carriage for the Country Correspondence solicited uy, THE RUSH ACETYLENE GENERATOR CO. accra The _Kimball Soloist Enables the performer to execute certain parts like the flute, oboe, clarinet, etc., and to furnish simul- taneously an_ orches- tral accompaniment. The extreme simplicity of this idea adds mate- rially to the strength of its position. Its oper- ation is direct and perfect, and it is always ready for governed, and with the simplest direc- action, easily tions gives the correct interpretation. Residence pipe-organs of large and small capacity are built with this Soloist, but they making instru- ments for professionals or those without training. or solo-device, can also be played in the regular way, Call or write for particulars. W. W. Kimball Co. Southwest Corner Wabash Avenue and Jackson Boulevard, Chicago New York Office, 150 Fifth Avenue = ORNAMENTAL®#® TREES ©& SHRUBS 1E have over one hundred acres devoted to the grow- ing ef specimen trees and shrubs in the choicest vari- eties. Besides our excellent assortment, it is the splendid quality~ ef the COTTAGE GARDENS COMPANY’S stock that has won for us our reputation. 2 Our nurseries are situated within ten miles gf New York City, and are easily reached by~ the Long Island Railroad. 2A personal inspection gf our stock is invited. 2 Catalogue sent free upon application. oF Cottage Gardens Company Queens, Long Island, N. Y. Telephone 530 Jamaica Pee? PeePePe Past P22? CLASSIFIED Advertisements EGINNING with the June num- B ber, the publishers of American Homes and Gardens announce that they will accept classified advertise- ments of not more than one or two inches. ‘The classification is as follows: Poultry Kennels Stock Landscape Architects Country Property Schools Want Department Exchange A special rate of $3.00 for one inch ’ or $5.00 for two inches will be charged for each insertion. These ads are pay able in advance. Many who have been deterred from advertising by reason of their announcements being overshad- owed by large advertisements will now find their cards displayed more advan- taceously. With a $5.00 order we will make a half-tone engraving without charge. ooh This size ad costs $3.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From the Stony Brook Farm HESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock. Write today for prices. Stony Brook Farm, Box 773, New York This size ad costs $5.00 PLYMOUTH ROCKS From The Stony Brook Farm HESE hens have won many prizes at poultry shows. They are hardy, prolific, farm bred, pure stock, Write today for prices. Stony Brook Farm Box 773 New York 4 MUNN & COMPANY A Publishers American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 2 See ee Pa The Frog Book An interesting and practical work on ‘‘How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.’? Sent postpaid for $1.00. “CMEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. Beautiful Homes Send for our fine port- folio of photographs of low cost homes, well planned, practical and artistic. hey have no superiors, Postpaid, 25 cents, silver. Knapp & West, Architects Dept. B, Colman Bldg., SEATTLE, U.S.A. WOHLERT & WALBERG Landscape Architects Engineers Broadway, Now York 224 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia and Civil Cement Reinforced Concrete Concrete Building Blocks AMERICAN (HOMES “AND VGARID EIN SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly describes the proper composition and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut, Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing con- crete, concrete construction, and their appli- cations. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced con- crete. Nothing better has been published. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry in which practical notes on the proper prepa- ration of concrete are given. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1534 gives a critical review of the engineer- ing value of reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1547 and 1548 give a resumé in which the various systems of reinforced concrete con- struction are discussed and illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analyzed. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT manufacture, illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1575, 1576, and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their preparation and use for farm purposes. The paper exhaustively dis- cusses the making of mortar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY Each number of the Supplement costs 10 cents. containing all the articles above mentioned will be mailed for $3.50 November, 1906 Concrete SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1396 discusses the testing of cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1325 contains an article by Professor Will- iam K, Hatt giving an historical sketch of slag cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and composition, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 15to and 1511 present a discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a_ physico-chemical standpoint. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with materials which retard the activity of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1465 and 1466 publishes an exhaustive illus- trated account of the Edison Portland ce- ment works, describing the machinery used. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1533 contains a resumé of the cement in- dustry and gives some valuable formule. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. Stone is the author. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry of the United States. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1586 contains a review of concrete mixing machinery by William L. Larkin, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1583 gives valuable suggestions on the selec- tion of Portland cement for concrete blocks. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1581 splendidly discusses concrete aggre- gates. A helpful paper. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1595 presents a thorough discussion of sand for mortar and concrete, by Sanford E. Thomson. A set of papers | Qe DOVES SEDOOHS SSVSSBoD CBD OD DD CEDED PVOVSSSE SHOU VVS AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS and SCIENTIFIG AMERICAN will be sent to one address for vouu Regular Price... $6.00 C9 EES SOB ODE IED CO ED IED IES JUS T -P UU BLY Sees W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical requirements of commercial life. The author hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 cMUNN @® CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK November, 1906 Avie RiGAN »-HOMES “AND GARDENS 277 The Gorton “WELLIABOVE ALL THINGS!” [MMBaeeaie smooth-surfaced Vapor Vacuum System of Heating ITH this System you can absolutely govern the temperature in any room by graduating the open- ing of the radiator valve, and a weather-proof (REG: U.S. PAT. OFFICE) elastic » ROOFING Ree N00 2 eek ig ean aU oe To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark | Z Z the radiator will only be heated in proportion to the amount of steam admitted; therefore no room is overheated, which means a great saving in fuel. “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, printed on the outside wrapper This System costs less to install complete than the ordinary ero : hot-water system, and it can O Seat Cee reg be put in by any steam-fitter. STANDARD FOR 15 YEARS Catalogue on application. POSITIVELY WEATHER PROOF aod For : RESISTS FIRE AND ACIDS. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. EASILY. APPLIED. Handsome 96 Liberty Street, New York City _ LASTS;INDEFINITELY . Dwellings use Ge “CHAMPION” Metal Shingle = —— le Inexpensive, | —$———————— Ornamental, Durable MADE BY ROOFING [> |i A PERMANENT ROOFING | a : j = 1610 E. Sth St. CANTON, 0. wrx A PERMANENT COLOR ||| Gy) 7). ALSO MAKERS OF The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect SEND FOR SAMPLES i ix % z = , | : ra 3 a y ,. \ ee | by i} | ylig ts, THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY || BXogexca ..”” Sole ~«7VManufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine po by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ““E”’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives se of lighting, cooki and heatin t faction guarante 1 apparatus for su We construct s for manufactur u city gas at 50 cents per 1000 cubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands; also for |] ing towns, etc. C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba 278 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1906 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him in a position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPANY. TRENTON. NEW JERSEY 9 UniTreD STATES OF AMERICA Makers of Wall and Fire Place Dile; Nom=A bs ombieme Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Paience ser WRITE DEP ART MENT ASE OOR GA Sie Aa OmGaUME THIS TORCHERE IS A DIRECT CAST FROM THE ORIGINAL IN THE PARK OF VERSAILLES. HEIGHT 91 INCHES Ry HENRY ERKINS & COMPANY 4W.15thSt. 143-145 Varick St. NEW YORK Makers of Fountains, Statuary, Columns, Pergolas, Balustrades, Stan- dards, Sun Dials, Pedestals, Benches, Tables, Vases, Lions, Sphynxes, etc, in Marble, Bronze, Stone, and Pompeian . Stone, that successfully with- ca“) *> ESD) & stands the American weather. EVERY CORNER 's « COZY CORNER WHEN YOU HEAT WITH THE KINNEAR RADIATOR: OUR BOOK ON GARDEN FURNITURE UPON REQUEST In Kinnear Pressed Radiators we offer the most perfect device yet invented for disseminating heat The thinness of the walls of Kinnear Radiators permits all the heat to come through them without awaste of heat. This too enables you to contro/ the heat, to regulate it to a nicety, keeping the temperature where you want it, and insuring the wfmost eco- nomy of fuel. A big radiator is an unsightly adjunct to a room, ornament it as you may. ; Phoenis Kinnear Radiators occupy only half the space Slidi of cast-iron ones and may often be placed entirely Blinds out of sight under a window or elsewhere. Co. They are extremely durable, and being heavily o galvanized, inside and outside, are absolutely Phoenix rust-proof. No Write for Catalog “‘D” or call at our nearest branch office and investigate The Pressed Radiator Co. Pittsburgh, Ra:, U.S. A. BRANCHES: New York, Flatiron Bldg. Seattle, 408 Occidental Ave. Chicago, First Nat, Bank Bldg. Indianapolis, State Life Bldg. St. Louis, Chemical Bldg- Oakland, 922 Franklin St. —————— iL Kansas City. Heist Bldg. Detroit, Bubl Bldg. —————————_— Yéronto, Ont., 302 Queen St. San Antonio, Moore Bldg. SEND FOR ATALOG sf LONDON, England, 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane. SSSSScccue_] © & eer rr ... .- & Sie 7 | : | | November, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279 Character In Doors The doors of your house should be chosen for their character and should be in harmony with the architectural motif. || They should so combine good design with good construction as to become |an integral and permanent part of the fs car = building. Morgan Doors meet these specifications as no other doors do, be- cause they are produced under a perfect system of manufacture, and by artists and artisans w hose sole aim has been to identify the name of “Morgan” with all that is best in door design and construction. The products of the Morgan shops, as a conse- quence, not only prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under, an agreement that is an unconditional ee guarantee of satisfactory service. They § cost no more than other doors. CARPETS IN PLAIN COLORS E MAKE a specialty of carpets in | W plain colors and have the largest he assortment of shades and qualities to be found anywhere in this country. We recommend the following weaves: English Angora and Saxonia, | yd., 13 yds., 24 yds., 3 yds., 4 yds. wide. English Velvet, 12 ft. wide. French Wilton, | meter wide. English Felt, 43 inches wide. Domestic Wilton and Domestic Axminster, 27 and 36 in. wide. High Pile Axminster, 27 in. wide. English Durries, 36 in. wide. The variety of colors in our stock is so great that we are enabled to meet the most exacting requirements. Samples and prices upon request. W. & J. SLOANE BROADWAY & I8TH STREET NEW YORK Write today for our illustrated booklet, “The Door Beautiful,’’ telling you more about them. Sent free on request. Architects and builders are urged to write for our 64- \ page catalogue, entitled “The Perfect Door,’’sentfree — where the request is written on business stationery. |g = Morgan Co., Dept. A, OshKosh, Wis. — Distributing Points: Morgan Sash and Door Co., West 22nd and Union Sts., Chicago./§ = Morgan Company, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. Mills and Yards, Foster City, Michigan. )Ust PUBLISHED SES Sxq_,[sc]y SSN SSS BSS Y ” S American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x 134 inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 [llustra- tions. 306 Pages Price, $10.00 SUMPTUOUS BOOK deal- ing with some of the most stately houses & charming | gardens in America The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, © are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year é will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a lux- urious book on our American Homes. @e <= petteett ¢ So yrenenyyr Munn & Company Publishers of ““ Scientific American’? No. 361 Broadway 280 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARD EWNs November, 1906 LLhevinne Uses The Steinway Many manufacturers claim that their pianos are Works of Art, but few can substantiate that claim, and fewer obtain even a limited recognition. World-recognition comes only to works of genius, such as the Steinway Piano—an instrument that always has been, and is, the first and the final choice of the greatest pianists and musicians in the world, without distinction of race or national bias. @ Joseph Lhevinne, Russia's greatest pianist, will use the Stemway Piano exclusively on his American concert tour during the season of 1906-1907, and will appear as Soloist with all the leading Orchestras, as follows: PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA PITTSBURG ORCHESTRA NEW YORK SYMPHONY RUSSIAN SYMPHONY CHICAGO ORCHESTRA PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA CINCINNATI ORCHESTRA ST. LOUIS CHORAL SYMPHONY ST. PAUL ORCHESTRA Illustrated catalogue and booklets sent upon request STEINWAY & SONS Steinway Hall, 107-109 East 14th Street, New York AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year ee ee Nis FOR NOVEMBER, 1906 PAGI JA, (CURPORINIVARI RG SUD) ng a ioke wu Me eee ct 282 MS OINTSETLAY LQG INIMIE ANT Se hh ees Scie OIC in 284 NoraBLeE AMERICAN Homes—The House of James H. Proctor, Esq., Hamilton, Massa- SMMSDUR enc GS. obges Be Moye Saat eaten ries By Barr Ferree 285 THE OLD-FASHIONED FLOWER-GARDEN OF M. H. WaGar, Esa., Montc air, New JERSEY... 289 EAU OHO NACE a el OU Sees ie ebacas c| Wrar she ay teereren ena S @eipie ies ee as By Francis Durando Nichols 291 JAIN) VAMUTBTOIUNE SYGTBINTISSIONT 1 ISIN SIC) Cng Sno, See EC NIE ORS aca a 294 SOME Vy) EEL-DESIENED SUBURBAN EIOUSES «2... 25. ee ee ee ees By Paul Thurston 296 SOLS ANID) TEC IN| GEDA ONS Ea ce een er 299 PRINCIPLES OF HoME DecorRATION—VII.—The Art of Placing Furniture. By Joy Wheeler Dow 300 U5. MUS AUNT) ENTIRE sean) TP ei. VAN LGN Doe: eae nee 303 SEEMDOR Ome OU ROUSE Sa ta. esl sia gical: Mowencse ale ca ee es By Mary Caroline Crawford 304 EMR OMIAINGS AR NENEUNGIAIND) scsi siaietcls sa bh Se ee bat eee eee eee By Amelia Roy 307 = GURNN= HESINORE,. A, Npw ENGLAND GARDEN..... 20. ..-+205 244% By Ella M. Boult 310 SCNT OTRAS O JNM OINM SS) 9] Da) ONY Cake By Walter Garrison 313 AASSIEUHDNS RL SUSI a aI ISIS. Ue ke a eon By E. P. Powell 316 Domestic ArT Porrery AND Its MANUFACTURE ............. By Jane Stannard Johnson 317 PPI INIG MEET OUR ME IEG ame ee, 2 canes a jeeee wae x scare og bie one 6 eee ete Soe By Day Allen Willey 320 November Work in the Garden. Winter Protection for the Garden. Elements of House Hygiene. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. OCT 24 1906 yaddaq pue snjdéyeony uelyeqsnyy YUM poyue|y peoy eiuojyey V7 Sool | in ee es ar is ome = eo Sten, = tieteiiiet. e ~ TG aC ek AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1906 Number 5 The Stable of James H. Proctor, Esq., at Hamilton, Massachusetts, Has a Picturesque Tower Rising amid the Half-timber Gables 284 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS November, 1906 Monthly Comment ee O )NAL relationship with one’s fellow men constitutes one of the most serious problems which beset the newcomer in the country. ‘This is particularly the case when one moves into a region as yet but sparsely settled with city folk, and where the larger part of one’s neighbors consist of the original settlers, born and bred upon the soil. One’s personal wealth or individual achievements count but little in such communities. The most bloated aristocrat, the most distinguished brain-worker, be- come persons of very small moment amid the exclusive so- ciety of the soil-bred. The newcomer is, of course, a highly desirable person from whom to extract money; his money 1s not only as good as any one’s else, but very much better, since for it has been exchanged land and houses of no par- ticular use or real value to the original owners, and which only obtain a value when a “sucker” appears from the city. The newcomer, established in his new possession, remains there in solitary state. Between himself and the soil-bred is a gulf so vast that no known art or science, no known con- trivance or invention, nothing, in short, may bridge it. Hence two opposing forces are immediately created. On one side of the gulf is the native, bristling, as no porcupine ever bristled, with the supreme conceit of his self-importance, which is the keener and the sharper because, until the city folk arrived, there was no one toward whom it could be displayed. There may be no open hostility, there may be even an interchange of views, and an apparently pleasant good-morning ; but the gulf is lugged around at all times and spread out before the new arrival upon any and all occasions. On the other side of the gulf is the newcomer. He is as pleas- ant as you please, and means no man harm, least of all his neighbors. But he finds he makes no real progress in ac- quaintanceship, while of friendship there is simply nothing at all. So presently he wearies of offers of intercourse, and an armed truce is declared on both sides. ‘The native real- izes, too late, that no further advances will be made, and the newcomer ceases to regard the old-timers as persons of any importance whatsoever. Ir is a pity that such conditions exist, yet they are very general in all rural and suburban regions. It is a pity be- cause, while we are all common citizens of one great country, we are not all brothers, and not even friends. The man from town is apt to regard such matters as of comparatively slight importance, because he has his own friends where he comes from, and he soon finds that new ones of his liking are scarce in his own region. The native, for his part, does not understand an antagonism he has himself created, and harbors fresh vows of hatred against every available ob- ject. The fact is, that with the inroads of the city folk into the country, there is a leavening process needed, which has as yet scarcely yielded visible results. When two people get together who are each impressed with an overweening sense of their own importance, it is dificult for them to separate with any lessening of their individual self-esteem. And this is more particularly the case when neither knows what is really the matter, and hence neither knows what to yield or how much. ‘Thus two great forces in our national social life, which ought to work together, just as they live together, are separating further and further from each other. ‘The amount of personal discomfort that arises from this circumstance is often very considerable. THERE are, of course, many drawbacks that result from living in the country, although no more, but of a different kind, than result from living anywhere. ‘There are only a very few people who manage to get through life without in- conveniences of some sort at some time. ‘There is a vast number of living conveniences in the city which are com- pletely absent in the country, or only to be had there at great expense. On the other hand, there are many delights to be had in the country which the greatest wealth can not obtain in the city. If one is perfectly free as to choice, the problem is obviously the simple one of, which form of life offers the most? If the country delights overbalance the city con- veniences, or seem to do so, the vote must invariably be for the country. If, however, the country attractions seem less desirable than the city conveniences, the city should be elected without hesitation. This, surely, is the problem reduced to the briefest limits. But in considering the location of a permanent residence it is necessary to bear in mind that no matter where one lives, or how, there are certain to be draw- backs, inconveniences and annoyances of some kind or an- other. There will be just as trying things in town as in the country, but the things that are most trying in one place will not be so urgent, and perhaps not present at all in the other. TAKE, for example, the question of external appearances. The city man who moves into the country has small regard for his personal appearance while in the place of his chosen residence. Why live in the country and wear good clothes? he naturally asks. And why, indeed? Forthwith he puts on his oldest duds, discards collar, necktie and cuffs, gets out his oldest shoes, and gleefully arrays himself in his most dilapidated habiliments. Thus clad he passes a very agree- able Sunday, and puts on his best clothes when he goes to business on Monday morning. How different is the picture presented by the native! If he has sold enough of his an- cestral acres to permit his withdrawal from active life, he goes around daily in a business suit—in which no business is ever transacted—and on Sundays treats himself to the luxury of a boiled shirt. On such days he presents an appearance as nearly elegant as his rural frame permits. His neighbor across the way, arrayed in his oldest duds, offers a horrify- ing contrast, and very obviously is not what he should be; it is apparent he has a “‘screw loose’? somewhere, and should be handled with great care. “The newcomer, for his part, is really living in comfort for the first time in his life. His donkey and donkey-cart may excite the risibles of the entire countryside, but he is calmly unaware of it. His horse may not be a presentable animal, but it is the only horse he has, and carries him around in a manner satisfactory to him. But the countryside looks on aghast at such doings. It can not understand how any sensible human being can behave in public in such a way. It fails, and utterly fails, to realize that the aforesaid human being does not for a moment see why he should dress up on a holiday for the benefit of his ‘“hayseed” neighbors, nor for a moment does the thought present itself to him that if his animals or attendants suit him there is any reason why other people should be dissatis- fied with them. Yet every hour that one lives in the coun- try his doings and possessions are subjected to rigid unyield- ing, unsatisfied curiosity, and to a criticism beside which the fulminations of the most practised critic are as the mum- blings of a new-born babe. | / | | | | November, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree The House of James H. Proctor, Esq., Hamilton, Massachusetts ERY R. PROCTOR’S estate at Hamilton has an FOSS air of aloofness which is more apparent than real. It is due, primarily, to the fact that it is about two miles from the station; Ipswich is two miles to the north of it, Hamilton about three miles to the west. It is, therefore, somewhat apart from the railroad centers, and enjoys a fine isolation that is at once a distinction and an advantage. The value of this isolation is the more marked since the house is built near the summit of a hill, affording a superb outlook over the adjacent country. It is beautiful rolling country in this region, and the higher one’s point of observation the more one can see. Yet there are drawbacks to too great altitude; for if your house happens to be placed exactly on the top of a hill it will be swept with the winter’s breezes in a manner thoroughly typical of the bleak New England winter. Hence Mr. Proc- tor’s house does not occupy the precise summit, but is placed somewhat down the slope so as to be protected on the north. Yet this but adds to the beauty of the site: it gives the house a_ beautiful backing of green and it in no way in- terferes with the splendid outlook be- fore it. Standing on the hill loggias or the terrace one over- looks a superb view. Down below the base of the hill on which the house is built is the entrance driveway, a splendid sweep of road, stretching around the base of the hill in magnificent curves, passing the house stables and then curving up to the entrance on the further side of the house. There are no short cuts on this estate, but beautiful roads, finely built and planned with a very keen perception of their landscape possibilities. The house—and its di- sf 4 a H 4a ‘i A Semi-octagonal Enclosed Porch Contains the Entrance Door Admitting to the Vestibule mensions are so generous that it may be rightly termed a mansion—is of red brick with white stone trimmings. Draw- ing his inspiration from the Tudor style, its architect, Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, of Boston, has designed a_pic- turesque and stately dwelling that is admirably harmonized with its situation. Its merits are purely architectural; that is to say, it is a house whose charm and interest are achieved by architectural means alone, by the proportions and di- mensions of the plan, by the silhouette or general outline, by the walls, windows and window frames, by the roofs and dormers, by the crests and copings. Of sculptured enrich- ment there is scarce any; none at all, indeed, save the delicate foliage in the spandrils of the doorway and the windows of the vestibule. A balustrade over the latter and a pierced parapet at the base of the roof of the central portion con- stitute almost the whole of the carved ornament on the building. But it is a house full of life and interest, the mullioned windows, emphasized with hood moldings, and grouped in_ twos, threes and fours be- ing the chief vehicle by which its effect is produced. The general plan of the house may be compared to the let- ter H. It consists of two great wings connected by a cen- tral structure. The wings, however, are neither symmetrical nor identical in de- sign, although in thorough harmony with each other. A very delightful va- riety is given to them by extending one further forward on one front, and the other further forward on the other. It is a clever device, insuring a picturesque _—_ eleva- tion and mass at the outset. Both wings have gabled ends, and the long stretch of the side walls is broken by other gables and by dor- mers, so that the roof scheme is also thoroughly diversi- The Tower, While Not Central, Dominates the House 286 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS November, 1906 fied and very picturesque. Of minor differences in the various parts there are many; the aim of the architect has been to make his building as mobile as possible. He has kept his variations within the soberest limits, introducing changes quite sufhicient to give variety, and yet so completely kept in hand that only careful analysis makes them clear. This is real success in architectural designing, for a highly interest- ing result is obtained without manifest effort. And there is no lack of interest. Take the hill front, for example. ‘The outer boundaries are the two wings, one pro- jected a full bay further forward than the other. The first story of each is an open piazza, or loggia, of three low Tudor arches. A strong string course, that is carried completely around the house save on the connecting wall between these pavilions, separates the arches from the upper floors, which are built out over them. A pair of triple windows lights the second story, and a single twin window the gable end. The latter are completed with a stone coping, broken, in one, by a corner projection, while the other includes no interruption. The loggia arches include balustrades; on the right each side return has a flight of steps; to the left there is but one side flight, the arch to the right opening directly onto the terrace arranged between the two wings, and which has an inclosing balustrade and central steps to the lawn below. The connecting wall has a great central mullioned win- dow, reaching the full height of two stories. To the right is a tower, with an octagonal lantern and dome rising clear above the other roofs, and daringly placed to one side. It dominates the whole house, and while it occupies an unsym- metrical position, it seems, and rightly enough, to be the centermost element in the whole composition. But the tower | we 4 +) The Hall is a Magnificent Room Paneled Throughout in Dark Oak November, 1906 PVE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 28 is more than a culminative feature in the design, for its grace- ful summit conceals the tank from which the water supply of the house is obtained. The differently projected wings which were the distin- guishing feature of the hill front form the basis of the design of the entrance front. The window treatment of the ends is somewhat different, because on this side the right wing is the service wing, and contains a central corridor, while in the other wings the rooms take up the full width of the available space. The service yard is separated from the entrance fore- court by a brick wall, with a gateway formed by two hand- some posts. The entrance doorway is placed in a semi-octa- gonal vestibule, whose cornice is supported on stone pilasters. i a a». tt The plan of the house is immediately disclosed within, for Seguir “ed } “7 ' °¢ hd ; , i. 7 = the whole of the center is occupied with the main hall, a superb apartment rising to the full height of the house, and y covered with an open timbered roof; a magnificent room, eS es, aS ni warm in color, richly detailed in its architectural parts, fine — f j | Ce 8 f in dimensions, admirably imagined and beautifully carried a : — “J | out. Immediately before you, as you enter, is the staircase, beginning in the center of the room and rising on the two sides, dividing below the great mullioned window of the hill front, and returning to a balcony that surrounds the whole of the second floor. The walls below are completely paneled in oak; above they are treated in half-timber work, with oak beams and gilded panels. The roof has exposed beams supported on open timbers of handsome design. This bare statement of the chief features of this room is but a meager account of its contents. It is a room whose design and structure are essentially rich. The dark tone of the wood, the .gleaming surfaces of the half-timber panels The Dining-room is Paneled in Mahogany with a Silk Frieze of Lions 288 oi SRS TPT “a xe The Day Nursery is Paneled and Has a Gaily Colored Tapestry Frieze give it a rich ensemble structurally. And the detailing is rich, as befits the materials, and carried out with a very sure hand and with great beauty of design. The furnishings are quite in keeping with the magnificence of its structure. To the right, under the balcony, is an old English carved mantel of black marble; the dining-room—which is entered immediately from the hall—is reached by an adjoining door; on the other side is a service door; the rooms on the left of the hall are entered through separating passages. ‘The rug in the center is pink and blue; the curtains are of red velvet, and there is much_ hand- some furniture, richly carved. Two splendid iron lamps depend from the ceil- ing rafters, and a_hand- some piece of tapestry and a richly embroidered velvet rug add to the color of the upper parts. It is a room thoroughly splendid in di- mensions, in design and in equipment. The left wing is occupied by three rooms, a reception- room, library and_ living- room. ‘The first of these is on the entrance front; the living-room .on_ the _ hill front, and the library lies between them. Both the first two rooms are apart- F comparatively moderate size. The recep- tion-room is a_ beautiful little XVI room, treated chiefly in white, the Im ents) of Louis colors being extremely light and délicate. The walls have a paneled wainscot with silk panels. At the further end is an alcove AMERICAN HOMES AND “GAEDE NS November, 1906 with columns and pilasters, within which is the mantel, with onyx fireplace and, hearth. The coved ceiling is designed in panels with ornament in relief. The inner curtains are of pink silk, very beautiful in tone; the outer curtains are of white lace. The furniture is of gold with pink and white coverings. The library is completely separated from the recep- tion-room, and, like it, is entered from the end. It ts finished in oak, with built- in book shelves and a curved ceiling with geo- metrical design. The walls are red; the rug is red, and the facing of the wood mantel is square red tile. The living-room is fin- ished in white and French gray. At present its walls are papered, but it is pro- posed, at a convenient sea- son, to cover them with wood panels. At the far end is the mantel of wood, with green marble facings and hearth, and an elaborate over- mantel, supported by coupled columns. On each side is a glazed door opening onto the loggia without. On one side is a bay window with a handsome pilastered framework of wood. ‘The white ceiling is divided into three large panels, with plastered beams and bracketed cornice. “The immense rug on the hardwood floor is of soft blue-gray and white. The dining-room, on the opposite side of the main hall, is a sumptuous apartment, paneled throughout in mahogany. The Entrance Front Has Two Wings with an Open Forecourt Containing the Vestibule November, 1906 The wainscot is surmounted by a silk frieze of lions on a pink background, of Italian origin, a modern reproduction of an antique design, which gives a brilliant note of color to the rich dark walls. The beamed ceiling, also of mahogany, is designed in deep rectangular coffers. Over the carved wood mantel is a built-in portrait of Mr. Thomas C. Proc- tor, the father of the owner of the house. Doors at the end admit to the loggia, which is sometimes used as an outdoor dining-room, and which, in winter, is inclosed with glass for the safe keeping of the bay trees used for external decoration. The service wing, which adjoins the dining-room, is planned with great completeness. The pantry is arranged between the dining-room and the kitchen; beyond is a second pantry, with the servants’ dining-room at the extreme end. On the opposite side of the back hall is a cleaning-room and clothes-closet, a storage-room and a cold room. ‘The latter is floored with asphalt and contains a large ice box. The main hall, of course, completely separates the two parts of the upper floor, although connection is had by means of the balcony. This adds to the convenience of the house rather than detracts from it, since one wing is thus occupied by the family and the other by the guest-rooms. One end of the latter wing, but completely shut off from the guest-rooms, is given up to servants’ rooms. The family wing contains rooms for the owners, with connecting dressing- and bath- rooms, and an extensive children’s suite, consisting of a maid’s room, nurse’s room, night-nursery, day-nursery and children’s bathroom. ‘The day-nursery overlooks the hill, being at the end of the wing, and is a delightful room, paneled throughout, and with a gaily colored tapestry frieze. There is an abundance of closets in both wings, closets deep and capacious in dimensions, veritable delights to the house- wife, and greatly facilitating the administration of the house- hold affairs. Mr. Proctor’s estate includes a hundred and twenty-five acres. ‘There is, therefore, ample space for outdoor de- velopment. A vast lawn lies between the house and the ap- proaching driveway; but the other near-by grounds are AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 28 charmingly treated in a formal manner, with splendid b« of flowers. There are, in fact, two formal gardens: on outside the wall of the service yard and the other beyond th¢ entrance forecourt. ‘The latter is inclosed within a hedg and is regarded as Mrs. Proctor’s own garden, and is the object of her especial care and attention. The house-stable, near the base of the hill and below the house, is a spacious and handsome structure, of a style com- pletely in harmony with the house. half-timber above, with a broad, sloping roof, whose some- It is brick below and what severe lines are broken by large dormers. In plan it is L-shaped, with two wings of different length. It viously a place of deep concern to its owner. Its great car- riage house contains almost every imaginable kind of trap, carriage, coach and pleasure wagon. ‘The stable contains stalls for twenty-eight horses, blooded stock, most of them beautiful animals, beautifully housed and tended by an army of attendants. Close at hand are two comfortable houses for the butler and head gardener. The head coachman and his men have rooms in the stable. Across the hill, in another part of the grounds, is the power-house. It is a pleasant little structure of stone, with a low, flatly-pointed roof. Here are the en- gine and dynamo for the electric light. They are operated only at night, storage batteries affording the day service. Here also is the pump from which water is pumped from the wells and spring close at hand, and which is forced up into the tower of the house. Not far off is the automobile house, abundantly furnished with motor cars. And at quite some distance from these house buildings is the farm-barn and vegetable gardens. Farming is not carried on on the estate save to harvest the abundant crops of grass. But the vegetable gardens are of ample size, and this group of structures rounds out the completeness of this highly organ- ized estate, every part of which gives evidence of its owner’s intelligent care and thought, and which must, to him, be a source of constant delight and satisfaction. He has spared no effort to completely develop it. is ob- The Old-Fashioned Flower Garden of M. H. Wagar, Esq. Montclair, New Jersey R. WAGAR’S garden was started a year ago last spring on a bit of bor- rowed land just for the love of seeing flowers CAAA grow. Seldom has a garden been started under more discouraging conditions. The only available ground was a vacant lot about seventy feet wide with a dilapidated barn on the rear. The ground was marshy and covered with swamp grass, wild raspberry bushes and the empty bottles and tin cans of two or three generations of picnics. At the upper end of the lot was a spring which supplies the water for a small lily pond in the center of the garden. A basin was dug about twenty-five feet in diameter and lined with cement. Pipe was laid from the spring to the center of the basin, from which it leaps like a little foun- tain. An overflow pipe is connected with a small ditch lined with ferns and forget-me- nots. A Look into the Garden 290 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS [his basin not only provides a place for he w plants but drains the land of the pond and its surroundings are one yeautiful foliage and flowers and eature of the garden. All ut ( pink, blue and many va- te lilies float on the water. ies are planted in boxes and sunk in the pond, so that the tender ones easily taken in before the frost. Be- sides the lilies there are the dainty water poppies and the water hyacinth—one of the most satisfactory water plants, growing as it does very rapidly. Not only is the cluster of pale lavender blossoms very beautiful, but the foliage is quaint in form and very rich in color. In the early spring the masses of iris on the border of the pond with the long, pale- green pods of the common wood fern en- circling make the wonderful colors of the old Japanese embroidery seem crude. The garden was planted with the idea of growing each plant in the location best adapted to its special need. The pond was made for the water plants, the edges planted with the many beautiful flowers that insist upon always having wet feet. The bamboo summer house be- yond was built as a place for the vines to clamber toward the sun. One of the prettiest features of the summer house was the result of an experiment made with nasturtiums. In the fall several of the strongest of the plants were taken into the barn and planted in boxes near a sunny window. The barn was heated just enough to prevent the plants from freezing. In the spring the vines were planted by the summer house and trained up its side. In a few sunny weeks the very straggling and almost leafless vines sent out new shoots which reached almost the top of the roof and The Pond and Its Surroundings are a Mass of Beautiful Flowers and Foliage November, 1906 A Summer House Overgrown with Nasturtiums were covered with gorgeous blossoms of splendid variety. As far as has been possible the garden has been planted with perennials or self-sowing annuals; for they not only make the labor and expense of keeping up the garden less, but most of the hardy plants increase in beauty every year. Of the self-seeding plants none appeared with more vigor and beauty than the verbena planted on the dry sloping outer bank of the pond. Discouraging as the spot is the verbenas covered it with a carpet of red, white and purple from June until long after most of the flowers were quite frozen. The garden has no conventional beds and borders, but is a true flower garden, ablaze with color and crowded with beautiful flowers. Unconventional as_ this garden is, its very unconven- tionality is not without form and method. Simple as it may seem to grow beautiful flowers, it is really one of the most difficult arts in the world. It requires patience and care, and above all a knowledge of flowers, their habits, form, colors and growth. All this. Mr. Wagar possessed in abun- dance. There is nothing helps a garden so much as knowing what to do and then how to do it. Here also Mr. Wagar has achieved success. The beauty of his garden is, then, the direct resultant of the fundamentals he em- ployed at the outset, and without which the most lavish expenditure of time and money will fail to achieve satisfactory re- sults. | | November, 1906 GOME is entered. The style of architecture is Colonial, and is quite charac- teristic of its prototype built in the Colonial period in which Dedham was settled. The attractive fea- tures of its prototype which have been ex- cellently reproduced in the building of this house, are the elongated effects, the quaint, low roof and the little window- panes. The main feature of the front is the en- trance porch which is reached from a ter- race raised two steps from the grade. Be- yond is a circular step which forms a _ plat- form for the columns that support the roof built for a pro- tection to the front door. This door has windows at either side of the entrance and a transom hand- somely glazed with leaded! “glass. The living-porch, a_ cov- ered piazza, is placed at the rear of the house. It is open on three sides and is quite separate from the entrance porch, thereby __ precluding any possibility of an intrusion. Being open as it is, it insures good ventilation and offers a charming spot in which to spend a sunshiny af- ternoon, and when in winter it is in- closed with glass, it forms a very attrac- tive and convenient sun-room. From it a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Colonial House By Francis Durando Nichols ten miles out of Boston, in that quaint beautiful view is obtained of New England village of Dedham, with its plain, square houses, set in green yards, in- and beyond the house. closed with white painted picket fences terminating with stately gate-posts placed at the entrance ways, is situated the charm- ing home of Francis W. Welsh, Esq. The site faces a broad avenue, from which a winding roadway starts at either side of the estate and winds up to the terrace at the front of the house, from which the house Charles River, which winds itself in a serpentine form from Boston Harbor to The pink and white blooms of the peonies placed along the terrace form a delightful note of contrast to the yellow painted clapboards and the pure-white painted trim of the exterior of the house. ‘The entire building is surmounted with a shingle roof, stained a silver-gray color and blending itself into the variegated shades of green of the tall pines on the banks of the river at the back of the house and which form a very excellent setting for the house. ‘The roof is The Terrace Before the House is Faced with Rhododendrons pierced with white painted chimneys with black painted tops. The white painted quoins at the corners belong more to the later Colonial than to the Puritan period, yet, at the same time, there is no incongru- ity, for they are quite in harmony with the rest of the house. Entering the hall, which is Puritan en- tirely, one faces the broad staircase with a high, white painted balustrade and ma- hogany rail. The chair rail extending around the room forming a dado, is painted white and so is the trim through- out. This dado is also painted white, above which the walls are covered with a wallpaper con- sisting of a_ highly ornate yellow and white decoration. A hat table and a few high-back chairs are arranged against the sides of the walls. To the left is the deme? ow hieh- is trimmed entirely of whitewood treated with a_ forest-green effect. A huge fire- place is at one side of the room, of red brick, with red brick facings and hearth— and a mantel of quaint design. Op- posite is a cluster of small paneled win- dows and luxuriously cushioned seats. The “Mission” fur- niture suits its severe 1° yet comfortable lines rn & 2 5 g a CLO | 1 | Dio Roorz. | AXIS 6 if AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS —= UNen eL0 rrr pedo nite & Sweeping Driveway Leads to the Front of the House November, (e) 1 ae i LO CLO Deo Poorn 6x7 Seovanrs Boorz 26x/3 SECOND /Looe November, 1906 is Applied above the Wainscoting and generous proportions and its soft green finish harmon- izes well with the light-colored furnishings and wall decora- tions of the room. The library, or living-room, is placed at the rear of the den and hall, and is separated from both the latter by a combination of doors and arches. ‘This library is trimmed with oak and is finished in Flemish brown, soft and mellow in its color-scheme. The walls have a high paneled wain- scoting and a plate-rack. [he wall space above the plate- rack is decorated with Japanese grass-cloth and finished with a wooden cornice. The ceiling is tinted in harmony with the autumnal color-scheme of the furnishing and decoration of the room. A large, low window fills one side and is provided with a paneled seat which is up- holstered in a soft brown velour, and piled high with cushions of artistic cover- ings. [he broad open fire- place, at one end of the room, built of brick, has a dressed Indiana limestone facing, a hearth of brick, laid in herring-bone pat- tern, and a plain, simple mantel-shelf supported on carved brackets. Placed between two archways it is quite the feature of one side, while the wall space opposite is utilized for bookcases which are built in on either side of the French windows which open onto the living-porch. The dining-room on the right of the hall and ex- tending through the depth of the house, is finished in the Colonial style. The walls have a high paneled AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93 wainscoting, above which the space is covered witl crimson burlap and finished with a wooden cornice. [he whole of the trim is paint d white. The length of th room is somewhat lessened by the white painted pil- asters with which it is di- vided—these pilasters sup- port beams which extend across the ceiling. The front wall of the room is occupied by a cluster of small-paned windows, placed over a seat, at either side of which there are built-in china closets with leaded glass doors. A sim- ilar treatment of wall space is used at the opposite end of the room, except that the windows are of French style and open onto the ter- race and garden at the rear of the house. The fireplace is built of brick, with a hearth and facings of sim- ilar brick and a mantel of Colonial style. The butler’s closet, kitchen, laundry, and all service quarters are trimmed with North Carolina pine. The second story is reached from the stairway, placed in the front hall. ‘This floor is treated with white painted trim and attractive and artistic wall decorations. All of the rooms have well-fitted closets, and three of them have open fireplaces, furnished with tiled facings and Colonial mantels. The two bathrooms throughout have a white enamel treat- ment and are furnished with porcelain fixtures. Messrs. Winslow and Bigelow, of Boston, were the architects of the house. The Dining-room, Extending through the House, Has French Windows Opening onto the Garden a f ay An Autumn 5 emerge ee Tae * i tH at Oty 7 ine, £ Sa 43 ts

drew to Fairfield, Conn., the home of Rev. Thaddeus Burr, another kinsman. And in spite of the Cupids trailing their pink and blue wreaths over the parlor walls of the home at Quincy the wedding they were to celebrate very nearly failed to come off; for fascinating er, ¥¥ eae ssa Parlor Showing Wall-paper Purchased for the Hancock Wedding legged table—one of the freaks of Colonial cabinetmakers—which supports the oldest known of hour-glasscs. Why do we not have spinets in these days? This is the question which has been haunting me ever since I enjoyed the privilege, a few weeks ago, of playing the “William Fether, London” instrument in the music-room of the Dorothy Q House. The finest grand piano that I have ever touched y-elds no such pleasure. The tone produced by the picking of the goose-quills against the strings is at once deli- cate and satisfying. On the case one is promised, in impressive Latin, “oblivion to cares of life while playing.”’ For once an ad- vertisement does not overstate. Music- lovers, revive the spinet! A Flemish chest, dating back to 1600, a picture of Judee Edmund Quincy, and a mourn- ing ring, once the property of that worthy, which was found recently in the course of a cellar- excavation, are other interesting features of this room. Adjoining is the study of the famous Tutor Flynt, the ec- centric bachelor brother of the first Aaron Burr, whom no woman was ever able to resist, came visiting his Uncle Thaddeus just then, and it required all Aunt Lydia Han- cock’s watchfulness to prevent an elopement as a result of the desperate flirtation which en- sued between him and Dorothy Q. On August 28, 1776, the postponed wedding was cele- brated at Fairfeld, however, John Hancock taking his wife directly to Philadelphia, where they soon set up in a fine house of their own. The present furnishings for the parlor and the music-room adjoining were supplied by Dr. Francis P. Sprague, of Boston, in memory of his wife, Eliza- beth Sprague, for ten years registrar of the Colon‘al Dames of Massachusetts. A statement to this effect is appropriately in sampler form and hangs at the right of a fireplace set with Bib- lical tiles, directiy over a genuine sampler made in 1700. The room is rich in beautiful historic pieces. A Chippendale — looking-glass with a delicate decoration of raised gold wheat on its frame attracts universal ad- miration. Only one other Dorothy Q. For similar glass is known, and him it was that the that reposes in the Dedham two-story ell, includ- Historical House. Beneath the wheat looking-glass is a card- ing this study and the chamber above it, was built. For table of exquisite design, with corner stands for candles, fifty-five years Flynt was instructor at Harvard College, and grooves for chips and a secret drawer. Near by is an old _ during the greater part of that time it was his habit to recre- Dutch chair wormeaten with age, and flanking it a six- ate in this hospitable old roof-tree. The study now contains The Kitchen AMERICAN HOMES AND GARD ENS November, 1906 containing a bed built for Lafayette’s use and loaned to the house by Miss Blanche Shim- min, of Boston. In this room Washington, Sir Harry Frank- land, of romantic memory, Pres- ident Grant and Benjamin Franklin have all slept. The last-named presented to his host after one of his visits the Frank- lin stove there to-day. In the room across the hall was born, in 1709, the Dorothy Bridal Chamber Containing Lafayette Bed the chair in which Hancock was inaugu- rated, a table which belonged to Presi- dent John Quincy Adams (a gift to this house from the Daughters of the Revo- lution of Quincy) and a curious terres- Z —— = trial globe presented by Miss Edith Dana, granddaughter of the poet Longfellow. Directly across the hall from the par- lor is the dining-room, with walls hung in quaint old paper portraying a Chinese villa. The furniture here is mostly Chip- pendale, and includes a long table that di- vides into three, an inlaid cone-shaped re- A View of the Parlor. In the Background is the Music-room Containing an Old Spinet ceptacle for knives, forks and spoons (Sheraton?), a gen- unine old buffet dating back to 1700, and on its shelves dinner-plates which were used by Hancock, a tea-pot from which Washington was often served, and a brick and key brought from the fort at Louisburg when it was taken by the Massachusetts and other provincial troops in 1745. Over the mantel hangs a hatchment embroidered about 1790 by Mary Willard, daughter of President Joseph Willard, of Harvard College. Upstairs over the parlor is the guest- or bridal-chamber, —e Ce Aa aS ——_——— The Dorothy Q Room Q whose girlish portrait her great-grandson, Oliver Wen- dell Holmes, described. Dorothy’s room now contains an old sofa which was in Longfellow’s family and a pincushion made from bro- cades which decorated Hancock’s home on Beach Street, Boston. On the bed are genuine old chintz hangings and a rare homespun spread over which arts and crafts devo- “tees wax enthusiastic. It is, however, to the Butler room, so-called, that we must go if we would be in the really old part of the house. Here one sees black beams hewn off the farm away back in 1636. Fittingly are the chairs and china here both an- cient and historic. A ‘‘thousand-leg’’ table, such as one almost never comes across nowadays, a cup and saucer used by Daniel Webster for twenty years, and another Franklin grate of interesting lineage, are also here. Per- haps the most fascinating thing about this room, though, is its low roof, so made in order to accommodate a secret room above. The kitchen is also in the oldest part of the house. Here are huge oak beams, a fireplace of mammoth proportions, a chest which belonged to the brother of William Penn, and curious housewife appliances of Colonial days. Fastened to the table is a “swift,” upon which wool used to be wound with a reel which clicks sociably at the end of each forty threads; near by is a piggin with which water was dished up; and there are churns, a tin-kitchen for baking, and re- ceptacles in which to make cottage cheese and sausage meat. C= = November, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 307 A Woman's Farm in England By Amelia Roy RULY it was such, for the whole of the work, even the heaviest, was done by the bevy of girls whose home it was and whose farm it became in a very literal sense on the death of their father. It was a brave and venturesome thing to do, trying to work a farm of more than three hundred acres, working it com- pletely, engaging in every sort of farm-work that needed to be done, and then, after two years of unremitting effort, realizing that the labor had been successfully expended. The record may not, indeed, be unique, but at least it is an instance of unusual energy and courage unusually applied. Brockwell Farm is at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, in the Vale of Aylesbury. It includes about three hundred and twenty acres, and originally belonged to a Captain Scott. On an Hes From a tise rick Built by the Girl Farmers his sudden death his daughters found them- selves confronted with the problem of earning their livelihood. Accus- tomed to farm-life from earliest childhood they were familiar with every detail of farm manage- ment, and their land seemed to offer the best opportunity for the fu- fires Keeling “that familiar work might be more successful in the end than that of which they then knew nothing, they bravely set about their self-chosen task and became farmers in the most literal sense of the word. Were one making a philosophical study of this interesting estate it would be easy to indicate the elements which have made it successful. First, of course, is long and intimate familiarity with the work to be done. Then comes the un- bounded enthusiasm with which each detail of this work was performed. The girls brought to their work broad knowl- edge and deep interest, and were delightedly interested in everything they did. Not to make the present study too pro- found it will be sufficient to point out a third reason for their success in the subdivision of labor that was adopted at the outset, and which speedily turned each young woman into a specialist in her own department. I must yield to the temptation of making a catalogue of these brave young women. First of all is the eldest, Miss Scott—Queenie. She transacts all the business of the farm, attending the markets, and buying and selling the corn and cattle. She is the business-woman of the estate, and the first word of censure or of fault-finding has yet to be uttered by her sister-associates. At home she assumes special care of the pigs, and permits no interference with this branch of her work. Miss Maggie comes next. She is the dairymaid—and an expert, if you please, for she treasures more than fifteen prizes and certificates for butter-making and milking at pub- lic competitions—no slight achievement for a young girl not long in her twenties. And she adds a variety of other accom- plishments to her list, for some of the best hay-ricks in her country were built and thatched by herself, and in many ways she has displayed a marked leaning toward mechanical pursuits. The raising of poultry is another department that belongs to her. Feeding the Chickens Miss Mabel is the third sister and attends to the live stock. At the present writing she has five horses and a colt under her care, and she has general supervision of the cows and fowls. The flower-garden is hers also, a spacious plot of ground that she carefully tends early in the morning or in the evening, for there is little time in the middle of the day when this delightful spot may be cultivated. Miss Winnie, the fourth, makes a specialty of rearing calves, as many as six being brought up in a single season. Very varied, also, are the things she turns her hands to. When occasion needs she is dairymaid or plow-woman, and from early morning until dusk her small figure—for she is the smallest of the family—knows no rest and is as busy as a bee. And so are all of them, for not an hour of the day but finds one in earnest occupation—the occupation consist- ing of recreation as well as hard work. 308 Miss Daisy is the fifth, and has immediate charge of the cows, which are never less than twenty in number, and which she has completely under her control. She is proud of being a certificated milkmaid, having won two prizes at Agricultural Hall, London. F’wart comes sixth on the list, and is the eldest brother to He is carpenter, wheelwright, mechanic, plumber. ‘One of the most useful implements on the farm,” the girls He gives a the girls. say, and no doubt with the utmost truth. helping hand to every one as occasioa calls. Norah is the seventh, a tall young girl of fifteen, who makes herself generally useful in all depart- and often enough in every one of ithem: 7 #She as one’s. right- hand helper within doors and without, and not the least of her accomplishments 1s that of cooking, her din- ners being admirably pre- pared and served with the dis- tinction so generally characteristic of English meals, and which even these busy workers do not dispense with. Alan, the youngest child, still goes to school; but before he sets out in the morning, and again on his return in the afternoon, he cheerfully does anything that is required of him, and this, you may be sure, is always something useful and something necessary to be done in this busy household of workers. And then there is mother, ‘“‘just mother,” the girls fondly say, who has taught these brave young hands to do so much, and whose own patient work for her children has so long been unselfish and loving. She has general charge within the house, and many of the creature comforts of the’ “farm sare) due- to. her thoughtfulness and own per- sonal work. In springtime an ordinary ments, every Afternoon Tea in the Hay Loft AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS Homeward Bound after the Day’s Work November, 1906 day’s work on the farm begins at five o’clock. That hour finds the six girls enjoying an early cup of tea in the spacious kitchen of the house. ‘They wear long blue overalls cut tightly to the figure, the skirts reaching to their ankles. Boys’ boots, large, shady hats and white lace at the neck, fastened with a neat brooch, complete their working-costume. Once tea is finished they scatter to their tasks. Poultry, calves, horses, colts and pigs are fed; there is milking, skimming and scrubbing dairy-utensils; stables and cow-sheds are cleaned out and left tidy for the day, and a good beginning made by seven o'clock, when the call for breakfast brings them within doors again. Then the “teld: work begins. One sister plows the land for roots; another rolls the corn; an- other hoes. Much cheerful laughter, whistling, singing, the reciting of favorite pieces of prose and poetry, and endless good-natured repartee enlivens the busy scene and turns the hard work into a veritable family festival of good nature. At ten o’clock all hands knock off for lunch, for which a quarter of an hour is allowed. Dinner comes at twelve, and follows the healthy custom of the American trades-union in permitting a full hour’s respite. Tea, that most British of all feeding customs, is taken at four, and wherever the girls happen to be—as likely in the hayloft as any other place. This cheering episode marks a change in occupations gen- erally, for the animals must be fed again and the cattle, Rabbit Shooting dairy and poultry attended to. Then, at six o'clock, some more work in the fields, which continues until eight, or, if hard pressed, until dark, which, as all the traveled world knows, comes later in England than in America. And then, to home. The work- ing-clothes are put aside, and work as well, and a group of well-dressed young ladies comes upon the scene. Music, piano, man- dolin, banjo, guitar, flute, as likely as not, is at once proposed, and all is harmonious November, 1906 Friday is the longest and hardest day at Brockwell Farm. It begins at three in the morning, and is seldom over before half after nine at night. This is the day on which the butter is made, and in order that there be no interference with the ordinary farm-work it is begun at an unusually early hour. Ploughing Hence it is generally finished at six and the ordinary work proceeded with without interruption. One might imagine, and quite naturally, that with so much hard manual labor as such a daily programme displays, there would be little enough time for the ornamental occupations of life. Yet each of the girls has her own hobby with which she fills in time otherwise unoccupied. Miss Mabel paints, and has a laudable ambition to become a distinguished artist. Miss Daisy and Miss Winnie have pronounced literary incli- nations, and have won some success with London editors. At Work on a Mound Thus hardly a moment is unoccupied, and between labor and pleasure each day is well spent. Sunday is a day of peace, although, like the week-days, it begins at the same hour. Often the girls troop out for long walks to see the sun rise, a grand sight in the wooded hills and valleys. After the cattle and animals are attended to there is housework within doors; then church for those who are disposed to attend, and in the afternoon each one does as she chooses, generally occupying herself with her special fancy. The daily programme is full of vigorous activity and hard work. Even these girls, who have been engaged in farm- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 309 work of one kind or another from the time they were big enough to learn and work, still find much to learn, still knoy that there is much risk as well as much labor in the work they have chosen to do. And they do it all, being proud ot the fact that they are not dependent for anything on a man, unless it is the “Vet” in case of sickness among the animals. Even then they have accomplished cures which the ‘“Vet”’ gave up. They tell with much gusto of a sick mare. She had been foaled ten days. She had been kept in a swing and when let out by the ‘Vet ’ had fallen down and lay on the ground mire . "aa ig end : fae > Boe et Ape ES eb iE ES Transplanting Flowers for three days without seeming possibility of getting up again. He, clever man that he was, had given up the case as helpless. It came on to rain, and the tender hearts of the owners were moved to pity at the helpless creature. They determined to make an effort to save her. Two heavy horses were harnessed to an unhinged gate which was laid down beside the mare. Ropes were slipped around her fetlocks, she was turned over direct onto the gate and dragged into the shed, where, with vast effort, she was placed in the sling and once more hauled upright. The effort was well worth making, as the mare’s recovery was complete. It was a hard A Girl Farmer in the Field piece of work, very cleverly done, interesting, perhaps not so much for the incident itself, as an illustration of the dif- ficulties that confront every farmer, and the ingenious way in which this group of mere women manage the very difficult work that must be done by every farmer. 310 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1906 ‘Glenn Elsinore,’ A New England Garden By Ella M. Boult (\T2GGSRER N THE cozy little town of Pomfret, Conn., \ there is an estate which combines two methods of gardening in a_ remarkable manner. It is the property of Mrs. Mary Vinton Clarke, and lies over against ‘‘Pom- fret Street,’’ one of those characteristic tree- England avenues. ‘This connects the old town, dating from the very first year of the 18th century to the railroad station of modern times, two miles distant. This estate, consisting of some thirty acres, fell an easy prey to the landscape artist’s skill. Indeed, it was already a garden, and needed only to be brought into subjection to the architect’s ambition. Located on the easterly slope of a line of hills stretching north and south, the outlook is over a thickly wooded valley. It faces a similar line of hills op- posite, dotted with charming country places and the less pre- tentious but always prosperous homes of the village. The entrance to “Glenn Elsinore” is very appropriately from Hamlet Road, and is marked by no inhospitable gate- way, but lies between vine-covered stone towers of simple design. The driveway passes a fine bit of shrubbery massed up at the rear of the house to screen the servants’ quarters, and reaches the door direct without the sheltering porte- cochére that has become the expected feature, but which is here modified into a small vestibule. 4 KA Saran (= FRR In the Vestibule The Small Well and Vase on the Lawn From the door the drive makes a circle around a lily pool with a center of palm and aquatic plants, which is hedged about with rose-vines, encircled by various flowering plants, largely coxcombs, and set in a plot of emerald lawn. The lawn which begins here sweeps to the road on the one side, and far toward the valley on the other. At its foot, for some distance, runs a deep ravine with the inevitable brook in its depths. This is one of the finest streams in this water-threaded country, and adds inestimably to the beauty of the place, to say nothing of its stock of trout. It lies with- in a stone’s throw of the house, and yet the cut is so pre- cipitous and so flanked with trees that it can be seen from the house only as a retreat that must be visited to be known. Where the brook enters the grounds from the street it has been coaxed into forming a small pond, where an oc- casional azalea, a few elder bushes, a magnificent chestnut, and banks of fern have been left to form the sole ornamenta- tion. The dam that forms the enlargement of the stream is spanned by a foot bridge adorned with a miniature thatched watch tower. For the remainder of the way at least the ravine is quite unspoiled. Some of the hardy rhododendrons have been intro- duced into it to supplement its own laurel, but it is only an accident that this did not already grow here, as it does in many a woods near at hand; a little clearing out has been November, 1906 Looking Through the Pergola done, but only to allow of comfortable walking; a few rest- ing places have been made at points of special advantage; and the one necessary foot bridge is a simple structure ot logs. | Returning across the lawn toward the house, one looks up at a splendid border of rhododendrons, running along twe sides of the terrace which is the house site. This is so thick as to make of the veranda, which it shelters, a retiring-room as secluded as though it were within four walls. On the east this terrace opens on a lower level by means of a flight of steps, high above which reaches the glorious white and rose magenta of the rhododendron, massed against a background of rich green arbor vite that serves to screen the rear of the house on this side and the stables. The rhododendrons from here border a path that descends on its winding way through a rose arbor dividing an upper from a lower rose garden, beyond which it joins ‘‘the lower garden walk.” This is the main path through the lower part of the place, and is bordered throughout its course with many a hardy shrub and perennial. From its beginning at the far end of the estate it also skirts a ravine—a very tiny one—threaded by the least suspicion of a brook. The ravine deepens and the brook swells as they continue, until they join the other ravine at right angles. This path is in itself a garden. Here a mass of mountain laurel lights the leafy shade of June; a little further on it runs between masses of corn lilies and harebells, with the white day-lily thrusting its old fashioned, fragrant spikes of white among the orange and purple; and now it begins to climb to where it enters a wis- taria arbor; and so on, winding, climbing, descending, flanked by beds of heliotrope or pansies or geranium or glowing snap-dragon, and, again, by irregular masses of shrubs— azalea, honeysuckle, barberry, elder, sweet fern—every va- avr ltCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 311 riety of natural and cultivated bush and tree. There are splendid magnolia, tulip and catalpa trees, and many rieties of evergreen, besides all the common forest trees of the ravine below. Of course this path, in skirting the lower edge of the lawn, makes a turn to the right that carries one eventually to the house, or, by another turn to the right to the stables and servants’ quarters. This upward path makes delightful turns and ascents—two steps here, a whole flight there flowers. The charm of all this general garden lies in its diversity and informality. One finds oneself suddenly in the woods walking through an azalea thicket; or, rounding a turn, comes upon a rocky basin filled with pond lilies and pickerel weed; and always, down below, stretches the woodland that forms about half the estate, clothing the hillside with a thick mantle of green, and giving the eye a clean sweep unbroken by building or by highway until the distance of the hills lying opposite have lent all the enchantment necessary. However, if this were all, ‘““Glenn Elsinore’? would have small right to the distinction claimed for it; but it is only the beginning. Like almost every other property of any ex- tent in Connecticut, this estate included a goodly portion ot swampland. The miriest bog presents no obstacle to the determined gardener, and this spot has been made to blossom like the rose. It has been converted into one of those elab- orate formal walled gardens which have become a feature of our garden making during the last decade. The garden of “Glenn Elsinore” is fashioned after the models of Italy, and is one of the best specimens of its kind in the country. With another decade to mellow its glistening walls and struc- tures (the marbles, generally, have already the exquisite softness of centuries under Italian skies), with a little more growth, a little more rioting, a few more of the thumb marks of usage and enjoyment, this will be a charming example of the Italian garden. Many tons of our American panacea, concrete, were sunk in this swamp for a substratum on which to lay the soil for planting, but it was thoroughly done and one would never suspect this forest of bloom and verdure to have been super- imposed upon a redeemed swamp. The garden is not large. It covers little more than an acre of space. The path leading to it turns aside from ‘‘the lower garden walk,” already described, and runs the length of a brick walled vegetable garden of about an acre in extent. This is in itself very interesting. About mid-distance of the path, it is entered through a fascinating old green, brass- knobbed door, picked up somewhere in the surrounding country. Besides the conservatories and hothouses here, there are walled fruit trees, splendid trellises of blackberries, raspberries carefully staked, a magnificent strawberry bed, netted in season, and, of course, all sorts of toothsome vegetables. Opposite the green entrance door is the entrance to the gardener’s place, so hidden by vines and trellises and orna- mental trees as to be noticeable only as a pleasant suggestion of guardianship and superintendence. The broad path between the gardener’s grounds and the vegetable inclosure is charming, especially where, in early June, the bridal wreath which flanks it is in blossom. At the end of this path a wrought iron gate gives entrance to the lower end of the Italian garden, a scene of dazzling and gor- geous beauty in its general aspect. It gives one an impression of glistening whiteness, all aglow in its depths with ravishing color. Advancing to the middle path one has a fine survey of the entire garden. On the left, occupying nearly the whole of the north side, is the casino, with a long pillared porch, and and is bordered by a wealth and variety of shrubs and 312 a red roof; on the opposite side, a pergola of equal length, terminating at either end in a glass-roofed vestibule. The rear of the garden is elevated some six or eight feet, and is reached by a flight of stone steps. ‘The wall here is some twenty feet high, and is entered at the left by a door painted white within and green without. ‘This corresponds in posi- tion to the iron gate at the opposite end of the garden, and these two entrances are the only means of access to the place. To be sure the lower end is bounded only by a low balustrade and appears to open quite freely on the wood beyond, but there is so great a drop in the level here that it would re- quire at least the ingenuity of a Raffles to enter at this point. The middle path, running the entire length of the garden, from the balustrade at the lower end to the terrace and high, vase ornamented wall at the upper is divided into four sec- tions by two wells and a fountain. The first of these is of white marble deliciously mellowed and weather worn with crevices of olive moss, veins of blue, and breaks and bruises of a dull, rosy, earthy tone. At the opposite end of the path is a terra cotta well adorned with cupids in relief. This is smaller than the white well, but more beautiful, perhaps, in color and design. A large fountain plays in the middle section of the path, and in center of the rear wall, heading the long path, a well head throws a stream into a basin at its foot. Both wells have lilies, and the central fountain shows shoals of Japanese gold- fish sporting among the aquatic plants. The casino is a rectangular structure some two hundred feet long by fifty in depth. At either end the width is entire- ly taken up in the interior, but the long narrow bowling alley connecting these portions is entered from a pillared porch of about equal depth. At the lower end the interior is one large room adapted for a reception-room, a card-room, or a theater. It is handsomely furnished with rugs, divans, tables, and ornately ceiled and frescoed. On one side a large French window opens into the garden, and on the other a window of stained glass leads to the wood. The bowling alley is almost entirely faced with windows from ceiling to floor, which open up nearly the whole side of the room onto the wood. It is equipped for bowling, shuffle board, etc. With the well set out kitchen, the dainty cham- bers, and ample bathrooms at the upper end, beyond the bowling alley, one can imagine the overflow of a house party thanking its stars at its luck in being quartered in the garden. The pergola opposite the casino balances it and gives a grateful sense of symmetry in the architecture of the gar- den. This is trellis-roofed and brick-floored. After a rain, pools of water evade the zealous gardener for a time and re- flect the marble pillars and the bloom beyond, with charming effect. The sun sifts in between the overhanging grape-vines, the stalks of which, with a few cool green leaves, make classic designs upon the pillars. In one of the vestibules at the end is a marble table available for tea drinking or cards; the center of the other is occupied by an interesting old font or well carved in quaint pagan design. In the arch opening onto the garden in both vestibules, stand small figures cast in metal, while beyond, at the upper end, is an Apollo in the niche of the wall, facing another figure at the opposite side of the garden, just above the casino. At the lower end of the garden the architectural features consist of two simple grape trellises on opposite sides of the garden. The arches at the ends are filled in with wall boxes full of pot plants. There is a bit of lawn here between the two trellises, with one or two vases and a small well. The great trouble in such a garden as this is how to plant. The first rule should be abundance. There must be a riot of bloom and of growth to keep the place from looking empty and artificial. First, from the point of color values, AMERICAN HOMES * AND -GARDEMNS November, 1906 Grape Trellis-work in the Wall-box in the Arch this expanse of glittering, trying white must be broken and warmed and not allowed to tyrannize. One very clever step towards accomplishing this in the garden of “Glenn Elsi- nore’ is the paths. These are quite broad, and are all of a warm ochre tone. But of course the chief source of color must be the flowers. Again, all the rigidity of line established in the architecture must be softened by the graceful lines of growth; and finally the magnificence, the pretentiousness of so much magnificence in design and in material must be lived up to. The soul must be more beautiful and rich than the body. It must never ap- pear that those who made this costly setting for a garden had more thought for the setting than for the gem. There should be a wealth of bloom and lavish color; and there is, from the time the feathery blushing Japanese cherry opens the ball in May till the asters and dahlias and chrysanthemums and the glorious plumage of the bounding wood close it in November. ‘The wall at the rear is pink and crimson in June with the ramblers, and green all the season with beautiful foliage, a frieze of grape-vine, so to speak, bordering it at the top. Just below the high terrace are peonies and foxglove; about the fountain in the center of the garden is a wealth of cherry-hued phlox; by the grape trellises are great tangles of poppies; against the walls are tiger lilies; flanking the paths are hollyhocks, foxglove, canterbury bell; bordering the pergola and the long pillared porch of the casino are larkspur in exquisite blues and pinks and rich purples; and everywhere are masses of sweet wil- liam, zinnias, verbenas, sweet alyssum, geraniums, of course, and nasturtiums. There are pansies, forget-me-nots and grass pinks, flaunting rudbeckias, coreopsis and all manner of gay and boisterous bloom. 1906 November, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 313 Second Gathering in a Six-Hundred-and-Forty-Acre Onion Field A California Onion Seed Farm By Walter Garrison Se $5,000. Price $1. including sup- plement. = eeeenisieerias - Bu / ft Pe ting - time is here. Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear, P ; aE Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in me: pane q ; ; the nursery line. Millions cf plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue ications | , contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it. are made right ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box 410, MOORESTOWN. N. J. Church Portfolio FREE Charles S. Sedgwick, Arch’t 1028H Lumber Exch., Minneapolis,Minn. MRS. WINSLOW’S COST $4,000 7 : Details of Building Construction ] By CLARENCE A. MARTIN A collection of 33 plates of | P scale drawings with introduc- Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University Pp coaiere : SOOTHING SYRU a This book is 10 by 124 in. Zz Price, $2.00 has been used by Millions of Mothers for their children while Teething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the S, allays in size, and substantially bound For Sale by io eareeas toe as eliays cures win in cloth. ’ MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York WE drill Artesian Wells for water supply for cities, towns, manufac- turing plants and country homes. We furnish and install Tanks and \Sheep Manure . : . . . % Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad q ART ESIAN Towers, Windmills, Compressed Air, Steam, Electric and Hand Pumps odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden 7 to do the pumpin lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants M = Spe eme w 4.00 LAPSE BARREL, Cash with Order. W any yeats’ experience. We are ex- A.W, DRAKE DRILLING CO, $4.00 seen, ant Boles perts in our line. Write us, and our Se COREE Assly aoe, : reprcscntauve will call to see you. : ; The Pulverized Manure Go..21Unlion Stock Yards, Chicago 324 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS November, 1906 Refinish Your Furniture Do It Yourself Interesting, simple and fascinating. Our prac- tical Free Book makes it a simple matter to finish or refinish furniture, wood- work and floors in Weathered, Mission, Mahogany, Flemish and other effects with Johnson’s Prepared Wax. Apply John- son's Prepared Wax with cloth to any finished wood and rub to a polish with dry cloth. A beautiful finish will be immediately produced. It cleans, preserves and _ polishes the wood in one operation. Johnson’s Prepared Wax ‘€A Complete Finish and =p for All Wood” For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors Sold by all dealers in paint—10-cent and 25-cent packages and larger size can:. LO It produces a beautiful, lasting and sanitary finish and polish to which dirt and dust will not adhere. It will not show scratches, blis- ter, peel off or crack. Fine for linoleum, oilcloth and leather. Our book explains how you can easily change the color and finish of furniture to harmonize with your woodwork or furnishings. We save you money by telling how old, discarded, poorly finished furniture can be made serviceable and stylish. Write at once for 48-page color book, regular 25-cent edition, that gives all this information. Sent FREE postpaid for a limited time. Mention Edition AH 11. S.C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood Finishing Authorities’ Relating to Architecture, Munn @, Co. 361 Broadway, New York Decoration, Ceramics, Rugs, Furniture, etc., will be rec- ommended and supplied by our well-equippe Book Department MANTELS sf GOOD ke Aes ane A mantel may be made the most attractive feature of the room and should be made so. How pleasing this mantel would be with a room finished in dark wood. Either the dull finish greens or browns would be most appropriate. Let us send you our catalog showing various styles. Kindly ask for catalog M. Architectural Faience, Faience Tile and Mantels. Tre HARTFORD FAIENCE CO. Hartford, Conn. pa. : fe ‘at wang ai re, NOVEMBER WORK IN THE GARDEN By Eben E. Rexford HERE should be a general “cleaning- up” in the garden before cold weather sets in. Gather up all rubbish and burn it. Pull up dead plants from the beds where annuals have grown and add them to the gen- eral bonfire. Collect racks, trellises and stakes, and store them away under cover. If this is done each season, they will last for several years, but, if left exposed to weather, they are seldom worth much after the first year. Put rakes, hoes, lawn-mower, and all other garden implements in a place where they will be kept dry. But before storing them away, go over each one carefully, and make it clean, finishing with a wash of oil to prevent rusting during winter. ‘Tools treated in this way will last three times as long as those put away just as last used i in the garden. This is the month in which to get your tender outdoor plants ready for winter. At the north, we must cover our roses if we ex- pect them to come out strong and vigorous in spring. ‘True, there are occasional seasons in which they do not seem to suffer, if left ex- posed, but such seasons are the exceptions. It is a wise plan to take it for granted that the winter ahead will be as severe as other winters have been and give our plants the best of pro- tection. Of course, we grow several varieties of roses at the north, which are robust enough to stand even a severe winter—after a fashion! “That is, they are not killed by the severity of the season, but in nine cases out of ten, they are so severely injured that it takes about all the vitality they have left to put them in good con- dition again and hence they are not able to do themselves justice in the production of flowers. This is not as it should be. Our plants ought to come through every winter in vig- orous health, and great vitality. Therefore, I would urge giving all roses good protection every fall. And not only roses, but other shrubs commonly left to “take their chances,” unprotected and herbaceous plants, as well. There are several ways by which rose-grow- ers protect their plants. Some tie them up with straw. This is a difficult method to fol- low, unless one has had a good deal of experi- ence with it. “The bushes must be drawn snugly together and tied. Then you must begin at the base of them, and tie wisps -of straw about them, putting it on after the fashion of thatching a roof, until you have reached the tops of the bush. I have never been as successful with this kind of protection as I have with laying the bushes down flat on the ground and covering them with soil. Before laying the bushes down, it is well to go over them and cut away all weak wood. If the branches are thick thin them out leaving new, strong growth, as far as possible. I would not advise further pruning now. Wait until spring for that—when you see what condition your plants are in. Provide yourself with a pair of thick, stout gloves before undertaking to lay down your bushes. Rose bushes are ugly to manage and you will not be able to do it successfully un- less you are armor-proof against their thorns. Rose bushes, as a general thing, have stiff stalks, have to bend without breaking, and so brittle that an abrupt bend often ruins the very cane we would like to save most, because of its strength and vigor. It is an excellent plan to remove a shovelful or two of earth from the base of each plant on the side toward which it is to be bent. This allows the crown of the bush to yield considerably, under the strain of November, 1906 AMERRCAN “HOMES AND GARDENS QUITTTTACAEE TET TET U AAA % S Ee TTT TTT TTT TT TTT MULLIN LULU LULL LLL LU MLO LLL LD» S Unt! 2 Ze = THE LITTLE EMBROIDERESS —— = — oa Amusing and instructive. After considerable trouble, labor and expense : = we have prepared this outfit, our aim being to please the little ones, which we are Souvenir == sure we have accomplished. No such complete outfit for the money has ever been of = offered. It pleases, amuses, instructs, and keeps your little girls busy. Our outfit = contains 6 six-inch doilies, hand colored on linen, which guide to the correct use sere: = and proper shades of £4 Pilgrim's = eee a aaa ER PILLOW CUSHIONS the silk floss cotton ; ALES ij Progress y — 5 12 skeins of our : : = aS Wi W, Wi uy <\\) mercerized Nea = SQ Hn ult ors My eZ WA Silk Cotton, and 3 THE ‘‘BOOTIE” = a peal rN ¢- —— embroidery needles. : = Za Rae iS Siahe LIKE i Ne , sae = y This is Fete of ae I Siegaigent aan ae JULIETTE = Z Fp ae FOR, == S special big value _ at pene eh ea aed PURSE POST CARD = l TR e a SZ outfits, and our aim et Sette I ae on P +P " “*Just out.”” A novel and attract — Sy ; SS being to introduce it ae e postal ek reas pee Be, ive souvenir, with local or comi = SS ee i "SD Pr, <= sw eccre home. qwe pame: Burnt leather effect, big oar ema atirel wine andlOLit ae, = —— SSS ais FoR 50) & SSS have made the price sellers. Order now. Space also for initials. ea = Be i. © oes = =wS within the reach 10 cents each, postpaid 25 cents each, postpaid = Sy Rae of all. = SSN = = Price, each, complete = aS SS 15 cents, postpaid = SS = = —3 = = SZ TAPESTRY LEATHER = SS , URES ~~. SS POST CARDS = ZS ae SS 100 designs. Send for a sample order of = SS or SS 100 Cards, $1.75, postpaid — aS os oie rz = ; = ews ae as qa : _—— Single Cards, 2 cents each i ioe eas pile ep um ra ar as = Sai aN ine Ai Hy Ny) a aon = Gi )) YIN isa vis ART TICKING PILLOW TOPS = Contain 15 catchy and beautiful colored = a and back es ee with fringe designs. Burnt Leather effect. = Price, $1.50, postpaid 35 cents each, postpaid = THE SOUVENIR PILLOW TOP CO" in, sey 320 BROADWAY, NEW YORK = G REQ VEST You Want A Greenhouse Every “American Homes and Gardens” reader does; but how to go about it is the next question. As a start, make up your mind to have a worth-while house and not a makeshift, temporary ‘‘woodpile”’ carpenter affair that only means dis- appointments, and really costs you just as much in the end as one of our rightly con- structed, thoroughly built houses. We build a house entirely of cypress, or one of iron frame combined with cypress. The all-wood house is cheaper and will give you the same pleasure as the iron frame one; however, we can fit the house to your pocketbook. Send 5 cts. in stamps for “How to Get Started with a Snug Little Greenhouse.” It answers questions and is almost interesting reading. “‘Gleanings”’ a month—lst 1170 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Medina, Ohio, Washington, D.C, ZT aT ua GA Ua RAT ACOAGLAGAAORTAMTANGRESS and drawings. and honey; tells about all the ‘‘new wrinkles;’’ warns beginners H I E (Gg H | N Ge S & € O M P A N y in bee-culture what to avoid and how to make money with bees the oat All the good, practical, new things; all the - time-tried facts about bees and honey; you’ll find them in A B C of Bee-Cuiture. A book S of 500 pages, 550 illustra- Vags' tions, arranged like an J encyclopedia from ‘“‘A to Z.’’ Any subject easy to find. Over 100,006 have been old. Expert bee- keepers keep it at their elbows. 3eginners in bee- keeping must have it. It sells on its own merits. If you : oe. t like it, ay we’ send back your money and you af return the book. The price is $1.20 postpaid or > With ‘Gleanings In hee Culture wranee is a live, wide-awake bee-magazine. Comes twice and 15th. 60 to 72 big pages with plenty of photos It answers hundreds of your questions about bees easiest way. In one year you get over 1200 pages of live, valuable GREENHOUSE DESIGN- MANUFACTURERS OF HEATING bee-literature. Price alone one dollara year. Send $2.00 now. ERS AND BUILDERS AND VENTILATING APPARATUS Start with bees next spring and get honey to eat and some to sell, THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, New York City. Chicago, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa, St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Y. Mechanic Falls, Me. 6 AMERICAN “HOMES “AND “GARDENS November, 1906 Universal Clamps 19 Center Street Charming Wall Effects Choose wall coverings with an eye to artistic simplicity. Be guided not only by the shade of the woodwork, but also by the character of the room andits furnishings. The most charm- ing effects are obtained where walls are covered with TRADE FAB-RI-KO-NA WOVEN WALL COVERINGS because Fab-ri-Ko-na is woven in such avariety of beautifuland durable shades and tints that it harmonizes not only with the whole interior, but with the varying influences of adjoining rooms. Fab-ri-ko-na Woven Wall Cover- ings combine perfect art with econ- omy. They wear well, do not fade, scratch or tear, and will prevent walls from cracking. We offer a specialservice to anyone who asks for it. Our experts will devise a color scheme adapted to your particular needs,sothatyoucan see actual samples of Fab-ri-ko-na in actualcolors, contrasted with wood- work in natural shades. Write us for full information about this special and valuable service. H. B. WIGGIN’S SONS CO., 12 Arch Street, Bloomfield, N. J. themselves to a beveled as well as a_ level surface. @ Every manipulation stands to their credit. € We vouch for their strength of grip and measure of utility. [& @ Quick action, adaptation to work, convenience of handling. ] Especially adapted for veneering, panel- ing and all work requiring a long, broad iaw. Ask for Catalogue No. 132. Manufactured by BATAVIA CLAMP COMPANY BATAVIA, N.Y. bending, and prevents fracture of the wood to a great extent. Another plan is this: Heap some earth against the base of the bush, on the side toward which it is to be bent, and bend the bush over this heap. In this way, abrupt bends are avoided, as the canes adjust themselves to the soil ina curve. ‘This is an easy method. Before laying the bushes down, provide yourself with some strips of wood, or pieces of sod to hold them in place until you can cover them. When ready to lay down the bush, grasp it firmly with both hands, and bend it slowly and carefully to the ground. Don’t attempt to hurry, for that often means in- jury to the plant. When it is flat, lay what- ever you have provided for the purpose of holding it down in place across the branches. Then cover it with light, dry soil. ‘Three inches of covering will be sufficient for the branches but I would make it five or six inches over the crown or base of the plant. Before cold weather sets in, I would cover each bush with boards, old oil-cloth, or something similar to turn rain. It is desirable to keep the soil with which the bushes are covered as dry as possible, until the covering is removed in the spring. In wet earth they often turn black, from action of excessive moisture. “The bark will be found half rotted on examina- tion. ‘This condition must be avoided, if pos- sible. If one has plenty of leaves roses can be covered with them to good advantage, es- pecially the teas and ever-bloomers which one may attempt to winter in the ground, though the chances are against success, at the north. Make a pen of boards, six or eight inches deep, about the plants. “Then bend them down and pack the pen with leaves. After it is full, spread evergreen branches over them to pre- vent their being blown away. Or, use coarse- meshed wire netting, if branches are not ob- tainable. On no account cover roses with coarse litter, hay, or straw, under boards. Snow would be an ideal covering, if it came early in the season, and remained. If the snow falls early, bank up about your plants with it, as an extra precaution against the severity of the coming winter. Before the ground seems likely to freeze, cover herbaceous plants with coarse litter from the barnyard. Heap it well about them, and spread it over their crowns, to the depth of four or five inches. Be sure to give the beds of newly-set bulbs a good covering. If this is not done, frost will often tear loose their deli- cate roots and heave them to the surface. A few leaves held in place by branches, or net- ting, will be all the covering the pansies will need. Covered too deeply, they smother. For protecting hollyhocks: I cover the plants with a box, or.an inverted flower-pot, and bank up well about it with litter. Keep the nest of thick, fuzzy foliage about the base of the plant dry, and the hollyhock is hardy anywhere at the north. Climbing roses are extremely difficult to handle. Their canes are too stiff to bend to the ground without breaking. But bend them down as well as you can, and cover with straw or hay, putting it on thickly about the roots of the plants. Or, hang straw mats over them, and hold these in place with a covering of bur- lap, tacked to the wall. It is a good plan to shorten all the canes about a third of their length, before doing this. “The ends of them will quite likely be killed, no matter how care- fully protected. I make it a rule to cut back even my hardi- est clematises to within four or five feet of the ground laying what is left of the vine flat upon the ground and covering it with leaves or ever- green branches. Nothing is ever gained by trying to save the most of the season’s growth. ‘The indoor garden will need considerable THE SUN NEVER SETS Where the BRILLIANT LAMP BURNS And no other light HALF SO GOOD or CHEAP. It’s Economy to use them—a Saving of 50 to75percent.overany other Artificial Light, whichis demonstrat- ed by the many thousands in use for the last nine years allover the world. LnvI1114a FIGNVD 00) Write for AHG Catalog; it tells all about them and our systems. BRILLIANT GAS LAMP CO. 42 State Street, Chicago, Ill. FINELY POLISHED ARDWOOD Take off your Hat to the PLAIN OR CRNAMENTAL For whether you n Pumps Hl THICK OR THIN Hang of-Pump Fixtur Most economical, healthful ana satisfactory— for old or new floors—differ- 2 ent patterns to match fur- Se ERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service ts the Myers al nishings—outwear carpets. Stocks carried in leading cities. Prices and Pattern Catalog FREE, jacked iM aE pane Ry THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO.. Mfrs., Indianapolis, Ind. BUILD AT G@St 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, F. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Town oR CouNTRY W. H. A. HORSFALL, Arcuirect 18 aND 20 East 42c STREET Tex. 2968 - 38TH New York, N.Y. SPEGIAL OFFER to Garpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES LATING LOCK. A Safeguard | Mh forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, |i |), Good Health and Rest Assured. i ll Dia — To introduce this article, Four }} In Ventilating Locks in Genuine |} Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- Pe nel i any address prepaid for One Dollar. Will include a forty- - page Hardware Catalogue and Working Model to carpenters | who wish the agency to canvass | { for its sale. Address : | The H. B, Ives Go.SS”, “Avew: Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORK J#* PATENTED hi JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. LINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED November, 1906 VER eCAN HOMES AND GARDENS How to save DOLLARS in Cooking and Heating It has cost many stove users HUNDREDS OF WASTED DOLLARS to find this out. Cut out this Coupon and mail to us and we will solve this problem for you. You will get all this information FREE. To secure this FREE INFORMATION, write us a letter (or use the Coupon in the corner if more convenient), stating which book you want, and you will hear from us with Free Advice by return mail, Indicate book wanted by letter A—Cast Ranges E~—Base Burners B—Steel Ranges F—Heating Stoves C—Cook Stoves G— Oak Stoves D—Gas Ranges H—Gas Heaters Send me Kook WRITE PLAINLY and only on ONE SIDE OF THE PAPER Address Manager Advice Department Also expert Stove Advice FREE of Charge T THE MICHIGAN STOVE COMPANY Detroit, Mich. Largest Makers of Stoves and Ranges in the World My Name A STOVE or RANGE to meet the wants of all—also a complete line Garland Gas Ranges. flown and State Sold by Leading Dealers Everywhere THE ONLY ONE That saves you scraping, chiseling and rebab- bitting, because it is con- structed with Patent Sec- tional Clamp Bearings that can be adjusted by hand to take up the wear, and clamped firmly to prevent vibration. It consists of babbitt- =. im fl 1 tae => two sets of thin 7 | = | IF Was metal plates, of five plates to Stove Vealer s Nawe the set, for each bearing. <# } \ oT i WAZ e These exert no_ pressure = H il Ly Ze ae RZ downward except of their =U ml Y A in = oe a us | ate 7 : own weight. Ls ry = i — : b : If you are interested in SS ee = time- and labor-saving ma- ! chinery, send for our catalog at once. J.A.FAY & EGAN CO. ¢incinnati 6: THE WORLD’S STANDARD FOR WOODWORKING MACHINERY \ eee 3 Lumber is becoming so expensive that in many parts of the country Valuable it 1s now cheaper to build with W O O D concrete, stone or brick than with Bing bind wood. All the more important is Hexreeeeren he it that property - owners should preserve the wood they have —it will be costly to replace. q The only known way to preserve exposed wood 1s to paint it and keep it painted. There is a choice in paints : the kind that cost least, look best and wear longest are based on Oxide of Zinc. The New Jersey - Zinc Co. 71 Broadway,NewY ork We do not grind zinc inoil. A list QA Suggestive Pamphlet, “Paint: of manufacturers of -zinc paints sent Why. How and When.’ FREE ~ to operty-ow on application. ape tae ak carla If You Build Your Own Home you are the one to make the selection of the hardware trim- mings. Be guided by your own taste. You will be surprised to see whata wide range of artistic possibility is open to you. The cost of the hardware is so small in proportion to the cost of the home that it is sometimes regarded asan unimportantitem, yet nothing more readily lends itself to artistic decorative effect. SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE is always correct in design and pro- portion, and may be selected to harmonize with any style of archi- tecture or to gratify the fancy of any taste. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks are always correct in material and con- struction, and will wear for years. Remember that a cheaply con- structed lock often hides an expen- sive economy. Send for our Book of Designs, illustrating many styles of artistic hardware. It will give you the prac- tical help that will enable you tomake a wiser selection than ifyouleftitin the hands of your builder or architect. Sent free on application. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York. ase 0 Remington Typewriter / Lasts. Yj Therefore Yj Remington Y Supremacy Y} Iasts. aw Typewriter Co. y 327 Broadway, New York S 328 AMERICAN HOMES “AND (GARDENS November, 1906 Pi Aiea V(/ i “f (sy) YN 4 Would You ZA Like Your | House to be Distinctive? THEN USE SANTTAS The Washable Wall Covering S ANITAS is the best known wall surface for after-decoration. It has a cloth foundation =| finished with seven coatings of oil paint. It is waterproof and it will not crack. Use Sanitas in your library, living room or hall, and geta unique effect of panelling by stencilling. We can supply you with special designs, which are artistic and effective. The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration has just issued a new stencil booklet. Write Department P for further information. STANDARD TABLE 3 OILCLOTH CO. SWZ 3 SEN 320 Broadway New York i SYKES == METAL LATH & ean CO. MES 3 A. 5 » OF EVERY \DESCRIPTION. Be SEND FOR CATALOGUE. ‘THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNACE”? crix Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of April 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S.A. attention at this season. Give as little arti- ficial heat as possible, and water moderately. A high temperature and too much moisture at the roots will be likely to bring on a weak growth, which ought always to be avoided. If possible, keep all fire-heat out of the room in which your plants are until the latter part of November. Give water cautiously. Few plants will be making active growth this month, and as evaporation will be slow, small quantities of water will be sufficient. Do not make the mistake of applying fer- tilizers. So long as the plants show a disposi- tion to stand still let them do so. The ap- plication of fertilizers to dormant plants is sure to injure them, because they are not in a condition to make use of strong food. When a plant begins to grow, then fertilizers will be in order—weak, at first, but increasing in strength in proportion to the development of the plants to which it is applied. Be satis- fied with a healthy growth. Never try to force a plant. Admit fresh air daily, and all day, if the weather will permit. And take ad- vantage of all the sunshine possible. Be on the look-out, always, for insects. These breed with wonderful rapidity at this season. Get entirely rid of insects by using the soap infusion I have so frequently spoken of. Remove every dying leaf as soon as you dis- cover it. Lay in a stock of potting-soil. Look to the windows at which your plants stand while the weather is pleasant. Make them snug and frost-proof. Storm-sash does not cost a great deal, but it keeps out a great deal of cold and saves a large amount of fuel. ELEMENTS OF HOUSE HYGIENE SANITARY FITTINGS HE sanitary fittings of a house may be somewhat roughly divided into two great classes—the apvaratus and the fit- tings and connections. A considerable va- riety of sanitary apparatus is essential to the equipment for any well-built house, and their cost forms an unavoidable and essential item in the total bill. Sanitary fittings comprise three general groups of objects: I, water- closets, baths, wash-basins (lavatories), and the like; 2, kitchen-sinks, wash-tubs, refriz- erators and other appliances necessary to this department; and 3, apparatus used in the dis- posal of wastes and garbage. The fundamental principle of modern sani- tation is the free exposure of all parts, sur- faces and connections. It is essential that every part be visible. Two objects are thus accomplished; visibility is an excellent dirt- destroyer, for visible dirt is much more likely to be removed than hidden dirt; in the second place defects are much more readily detected in exposed apparatus than in concealed, and repairs can be made much more readily and at much less expense. The most perfect apparatus is liable to give way at any time, and provision for repairs is economical con- struction. The enclosed apparatus, which was so long regarded as “neat” and “tacte- ful” has long been discarded for expo-ed interior plumbing. The modern bathroom, therefore, is no longer a piece of cabinet-work, but a sanitary apartment, floored with a water-proof and water-tight material, walled, at least to a con- siderable height, with the same material, and supplied with porcelain and _— stone-ware apparatus, connected with highly polished nickel-plated exposed pipes, a room thor- oughly clean in its constructive parts, and with furnishings that not only add to the ap- parent cleanliness but actually do so. It is essential that this room be ventilated by a window opening onto a free air-space that November, 1906 AMERTCAN HOMES AND BURLINGTON anisicine BLINDS S ds D Highest Quality Surest Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Venetian Blind for Proved by actual use to be inside window and ths, most practical and satis; WT saiging Blinds fo outdoor veranda. the machen ii inside use. Any wood; any finish i] Requirenopockets to match trim. For vour own best interests Any wood; any and your customers, send for finish Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- : ing prices and full particulars, BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. “I = = = = - — a Ne . = : “ Mane A Bi — =< a = a Aa « ‘ q 1 i q i q Iron Frame, 36 inches high. { CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, q with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, { Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle. Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron, Weight, complete, 350 lbs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue, J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. GARDENS 326 Dining Room Warmth Warm plates ready for serving and food kept hot during the meal add much to the enjoyment of the table and help digestion. Easier to have them than not where the house is warmed by AMERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS Breakfast on warm plates in a well warmed breakfast room is the best “‘ starter’’ in the world these winter mornings. And dinner in a Florida-like, steam or hot water warmed dining room is a joy to look forward to all day. The fuel savings of an IDEAL Boiler repay its cost in a few years. Any one can care for an IDEAL Boiler—it is automatic and absolutely safe. The oven-radiator is but one of many kinds of AMERICAN Radiators designed to add comfort to the house and decrease house- work. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radi- ators are made to fit all sizes and classes of houses and buildings—OLD or new—FARM or city—put in without disturbing old heating methods until ready to start fire in the new. ““The Homes Successful’? booklet is the most valuable and instructive work on warming and ventilation ever published for popular distribution Send for it—free. Sales Branches and Warehouses throughdut America and Europe. AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY Dept. 6. CHICAGO eS os oils ods OBS Os Os cs oaks obs abs of beet, ALLONCE! A personal Representative in your commu- nity to procure new and renewal sub- scriptions on the Best-Selling, Best-Paying Magazine- Clubbing and Book Propositions Ever Offered. $25,000.00 IN CASH PRIZES! Full particulars free upon request. It will pay you to write to-day to The Review of Reviews Co,, 13 Astor Place, Room 415, N, Y. or direct at YOUNGSTERS Here's exercise that will build up the frail boy or girl, and afford an outlet for the restless energies of the healthy child, Play that cannot be overdone is the kind offered by the “IRISH MAIL” Insist on the “Irish Mail.’ 7 “edie CHRISTMAS JOY FOR Lowest Factory Prices ¥ name is on the seat and it is guarar teed by the maker. Write to-day for catalog. Hill-Standard Mfg. Co., 81 Irish Mail Avenue, Anderson, Indiana Hand-woven INDIAN BASKETS 25 CENTS : HIAND-WOVEN by Indi n Mexico from strong se palm fiber. 1¢ , durable, useful, , to introduce our new 80p. Art Catalogue of Mexican Drawnwork, Indian Rugs, etc., FREE with orders. Cataloguea efor 4 ct THE FRANCIS E. LESTER CO. Dept. AF 11 Mesilla Park, N. Mex. Largest Retailers Genuine India d Mexican Handicra; 330 AMERICAN HOMES? AND (CAR DENS November, 1906 This Rare Old Colonial Rocker Costs You Nothing \ ' JE ARE making you this special offer of ‘‘ye old tyme’’ furniture for a single reason—to secure your subscription to The House Beautiful. We have had a number of the old New England chairs, settles and tables of our great-grandfathers’ time copied, detail for detail, from the few original antiques in existence and are offering them for subscriptions, because we feel sure that once you read ‘The House Beautiful you will keep on taking it year after year. It is a magazine any tasteful woman will thoroughly enjoy —no less will she enjoy the possession of this rare and beau- tiful old furniture. Nothing could more surely exemplify The House Beautiful atmosphere than these artistic, exclusive, Colonial models. In The House Beautiful Magazine she’ll find excellent illustrations of artistic rooms, dainty boudoirs, hangings, draperies and attractive interior decorations of every sort. It reproduces architects’ plans in detail, treats of old china, shows effective arrangement of furni- \ ture, rugs, etc. = Inshort, The House Beautiful isa 4) magazine that will help you combine | economy with perfect taste and get 4 most gratifying results in your house, # freight prepaidin'U.S.—free ofcharge. | Or, in case the lines of this chair do not please, send for free catalogue which pictures other types—either {Colonial or Mission models, a few of which are shown in the small illustrations above. H Let us tell you howto get three ¢ or four pieces without cost. Now, both magazine and the chair you select must please you, for if you decide that either falls short of your expectations, simply H return the chair—we’l! return i} your remittance and stop the H subscription. f In this way you are certain to # be entirely satisfied. Write today. Address Subscription Dept. N . The House Beautiful Co. Republic Bldg., Chicago Hardwood— honestly made— Flemish Finish—appropriate in any room. ae | Bee 2 TARY FEAT es “ed SAVINGS In your home is impossible without the Minneapolis Heat. Regulator This device maintains a uniform temperature; relieves you of all care and attention; saves coal and prevents any possible accident from sudden changes in the weather. Does its work automatically (which means accurately) and a change of one degree in the temperature of the room operates the dampers. Used with hot water or steam boilers, furnaces or natural gas. All adjust- ments made instantly from the living-room. Costs no more than a good clock and has proven its merit for a quarter of a century. Lasts a lifetime, SOLD ON 60 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL. Recommended and sold by all first-class dealers in heating apparatus. Free illustrated booklet. WM. R. SWEATT, President, Ist Avenue and G Street, Minneapolis, Minn. New England Office, G-1578 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, Mass. step — mie. \\ cu : (AUG 24 85 OC parip{okc2 739 paar ittieae j }| A an ADJUST fF Ww HERE @ : AUTOMATIC affords actual ventilation. It is desirable that sanitary fittings be applied to an outer wall, to facilitate repairs, and in order that the house-air be free from any contamination with them. ‘The floors should be of tiles or other non-absorbent material. They can, if desired, be sloped slightly toward the outer wall, so that water falling on them, or used in cleaning, may run off through a waste-pipe supplied with a rain-water head. Damage from overflows is avoided in this way. ‘The walls should be of glazed tiles, either carried to a ceiling or in a high dado. The most important of all sanitary fittings 1s the water-closet. A great variety of special makes and forms are on the market, each manufacturer having his own specialty for which special pre-eminence is claimed. The layman is apt to be phased by the various claims that will be put before him, and his safety will be in seeking the advice of an expert sanitarian. The essential requirements of a good water-closet are, however, readily stated. The basin must be so shaped that no part will be soiled through use; every part must be thoroughly scoured by a flush of water; it should be made of glazed stone-ware, formed to retain some water from the after-flush; no working part should be of a kind to get out of order; the trap should be self-cleansing and without angles and corners; it should have an efficient seal; and no portion should be enclosed within woodwork. ‘The old pan- closet is no longer regarded as suitable for use; long-hopper closets are also objection- able; short-hopper closets, if supplied with ample water and given a good flushing-rim can be properly cleaned and are unobjection- able. The wash-down and the wash-out closets are the most usual form of modern closets. The syphonic closet is also much used. Whatever the form of closet the water for flushing must not be drawn directly from the house supply, but from a separate cistern which is a part of the closet apparatus. Nearly every part of the apparatus forming the water- closet can be obtained in many forms, most of which are covered by patents and each of which has some real or imagined advantage over every other form. All the leading manu- facturers give special attention to the excel- lence of their materials, the joining of parts and other essential matters. The soil-pipe, which receives the wastes from the water-closet, should be of cast iron, from three to four inches in diameter. “The joints should be lead-calked and connection with lead branch-pipes made by Y-joints and brass ferrules. It should be placed vertically, preferably within a special three-foot square special shaft, which, when covered with boards, is so concealed that the covering can be readily removed. It should never be placed within a wall nor outside the house, and must be so situated that its entire length is readily approachable. It should be carried above the roof in its full diameter; if less than four inches it should be extended at least a foot below the roof-line. A trap is harmful at its base as well as unneeded. The soil-pipe should always be near the apparatus which feeds into it. While baths are made of various materials, modern practice recommends only enameled iron and porcelain. They should have a was‘e- and overflow-pipe. The modern tendency is to diminish the size of the bath as much as possible, occasioned, no doubt, by the lack of rooms in flats and hotels in which many bath- rooms are built. The individual house ownrr, who can afford a large bath, will take special satisfaction in it. ‘There is scarcely a limit to the variety of fittings of all sorts which are supplied for baths. Special forms of bath, as foot-baths and sitz-baths, are sometimes used in private bath- November, CONCRETE’ COUNTRY RESIDENCES” 1906 PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- A vention for a term of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system 1s responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. Ve are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. cCMUNN © COMPANY Solicitors of Patents Main Office: 351 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Branch Office: 625 F Street Washington, D. C. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A CONCRETE RESIDENCE AT ELBERON N. J J. HH. FREEDLANDER, ARCHITECT bs ee eed is the title of a new book just published by the Atlas Portland Cement Co. floor’plans illustrating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of great value to those who are about to build. tive house-builders the many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. ee iets aeeetete steed ee a ee eee ee ROAD) STREET, NEW YORK CIPy. ~DEPARTMENT’ NO: 10 ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT NO. oe) Ww This book contains about 90 photographs and It has been collated for the purpose of showing prospec- A copy of this book (size 10x12 in.) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $1.00. Address 10 Clipper Lawn Mower Company, Dixon, Ill. Manufacturers of Hand and Pony Mowers Also Marine Gasoline Engines, 2 to 8 H.P. | The MOWER No. 1.—12 inch Mower, $5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 18.00 | that will kill all the weeds in your lawns. If you keep the weeds cut so they do not go to seed, and cut your grass without breaking the small feeders of roots, the grass will become thick and the weeds will disappear. oH The Clipper will do it. Send Draft or Money Order: we ship the day 1 it comes in 332 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1906 rooms, but not commonly. The shower-bath is of more frequent occurrence and can be 66 9 99 arranged in conjunction with the bath, or, LAN E. S BALL -BE RI NG as is sometimes done, arranged with a needle- bath and placed separately. In such cases it is is the . — protected with a water-proof curtain. ' 1 ee The lavatory or wash-basin is the third Best oe ed | chief article in the bathroom. They are made i fe. : of porcelain or marble, are properly trapped, H © ba and are supplied with very varied apparatus OuSsSe= : for admitting, retaining and releasing the ; a oy water. The form of this apparatus has ha : received great attention from manufacturers { =. Door : . o Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, INDY! Vol. X. December, 1906 No. 6 =| Gl i ot re E Hanger that, like the bath and the water-closet, its waste-water from the sinks, baths, basins, adjustment is similar to that of the soil-pipe. tion with the special treatment of that part of are quite as important as those which relate case; not necessarily the most expensive, but long use. The best of household apparatus is should keep this in mind when providing for attention, so much thought has been given to This applies to minor matters as well as to sanitary manner in which every part and every war de ‘- wer and it can be had in many different shapes and f= = | styles. The single point to keep in mind is structure be thoroughly exposed. M d ‘The waste-pipes are those which receive the ade al etc. “Chey are made of cast iron, from two to three inches in diameter. “Their position and Other Styles for Less Money Sold by Hardware Trade Send for Catalog The sanitary apparatus pertaining to the kitchen may best be considered in connec- the house. It is sufficient to state here, in a general way, that their sanitary requirements to the bathroom. The apparatus of both departments should be of the best in every of high-grade goods which have stood the test of wear, and of devices that have survived liable to injury and carelessness at the most unexpected times, and the careful householder his supplies of sanitary fittings. “This part of the household equipment has received so much it, such a variety of apparatus can be had, that improperly fitted houses are without excuse. more important ones, for one may, if one is so A Splendid Trio THE JOHN C. WINSTON co. disposed, fit up his bathroom in a thoroughly e article has the best of sanitary reasons for its The Most. Exceptional Book Offer\ | WINTER PROTECTION FOR 1.—A Brand New Book, direct from the ee ene in a Tabard Inn Case : : ; ~Value ee: : THE GARDEN 2.—Membership in THE TABARD INN LIBRARY. 3.—THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, 12 Months : HE subj fae ; Ps 7 tection in the 4—HHOUSE MAGAZINE 12 Month : subject of winter pro Garden ° garden is one about which much may be Total Value, : : : said, both for and against, so easy is it to | ALL FOR $3.50 | overdo the matter or, by the application of ; . wrong principles, bring about just the result Select the Book you desire from the following list: 8 P g J that it is sought to avoid. It is not a unique Ann Boyd. . BS 6 oso AMIN 1s bee Man in the Case, The . Elizabeth Stuart Phelps ° : Anthone Overman ate eae Miriam Michelson Prisoners. . . . « «Mary Cholmondeley experience to find, after spending several hours Awakening of Helena Ritchie, The, Margaret Deland Saintthe @ Gaye co stems) eAnphogazzaro protecting a bed of choice roses in the most Bishop of Cottontown, The, John Trotwood Moore Sir Nig el A. Conan Doyle Buchanan’s Wife. .°. . Tustus Miles Forman Subjection of Isabel’ Carnaby, ‘The, approved manner and congratulating oneself, By the Li ht of the Soul, M E. Wilk C Ellen *Phorneycroft Fowler : Contators. 4 bia! Wriggt ay een Tides of Barnegat, The . . F. Hopkinson Smith throughout all the cold days of winter, that Fighting Chance, The . | “Robert W. Chambers Treasure of Heayen, The. . . . Marie Corelli they are safe, to find on uncovering them in the Incomplete Amorist, The. . . . E. Nesbit Whispering Smith . . . . Frank at Spearman 7 Jane Cable . . George Barr McCutcheon White Plume, The . .R. Crockett spring that some overlooked plant has stood Port 6 : Lion and The Mouse, hes Se Panama (Isthmus and Cc anal), Cin: noe pes Lindsay the winter much better than they with all’ the care bestowed. Nor is it altogether unknown to find that the protection for some reason has NOTE.—Patrons of the LIBRARY who prea year for Seva Setar a proved a source of danger instead of safety. A year’s subscription to Gie METROPOLITAN MAGA may renew their subscriptions in sn : aha ee : Gre : : the same way; the price for a new book, a TABARD INN LIBRARY Membership, and Ge florist with years of experience behind him METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE for 12 Months being $2.00. told me one spring that he should never pro- tect a bed of roses again, that he thought it did more harm than good; and another very suc- ORDER FORM Det. a. H.-11 Che TABARD INN cessful grower of flowers told me recently that 1906 : ° st s cnew ab rotecting plants in THE TABARD INN LIBRARY, the most she knew about p cting plants : pots 1611 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. ILIOSI& RY winter was that she didn’t know anything, Dear Sirs: J enclose $3.50, for which you will enter my A which is often the case with all of us, and name for a year’s sul scription to THE METROPOLI- Fi ° TAN MAGAZINE and HOUSE & GARDEN MAGA- often a valuable conclusion to come to. ZINE, and send merby mei LO Peele a oa eos Probably, however, the main difficulty in the following book 1611 Chestnut Street protecting plants over winter is a failure to e at any Tabard Inn Station. recognize the manner of growth of the plants Philadelphia, Pas and their need during winter. It is obvious that a herbaceous perennial and a bulbous plant dying down to the ground in the winter must By Ida D. Bennett Agents wishing to canvass this combination will do well to write at once and reserve territory. November, 1906 AMERLCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3 Suburb an Lite Be sure and add it this year to your list of magazines. Many of you know it to be a most delightfully gotten-up magazine of 52 pages or more, 12x14 inches, printed on coated paper and beautifully illus- trated with often as many as 100 fine halftone engravings. Fach number breathes forth the spint of country living. It’s the one essential magazine eee ——<——— PRICE, $1.50 A YEAR or woman whose home is in the suburbs. 2.1 work double che pric ed One Toreterecial- Offers ———w , She GARDEN it We have secured five hundred copies of that most popular and fascinating book, "The Garden of a Com- iN Oat muter’s Wife," written by "The Gardener," who, as you know, is Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright. The volume COMMUTERS is bound in cloth; 354 pages; good, clear type; bears the imprint of the Macmillan Co., and is an addition to 4 : any library. Until this edition is exhausted, we will send to any address, postpaid, a copy of this delightful volume and a full year’s subscription to SUBURBAN LIFE, the two for $1.50. Just think of it! Suburban Life, One Year i} The two for “The Garden of a Commuter’s Wife”’ { $1.50 Il We have made a special arrangement with the publishers, Messrs. McClure, Phillips & Co., whereby we are enabled to furnish the readers of SUBURBAN LIFE with that most delightful personal experience of E. P. Powell entitled "The Country Home." This is a volume of 383 pages, with 21 halftone engravings. The entire volume is printed on India tint paper, and is manufactured to sell for $1.50. For the next thirty days we will send to any address, postpaid, a copy of this volume and a full year’s subscription to SUBURBAN LIFE, the two for $2.00. How could you invest $2.00 and get more for your money > AN. concnnsie ot oa Suburban Life, One Year } The two for sent to any address Powell’s ‘‘The Country Home”’ $2.00 for 10 cents in stamps. Address all orders to PUBLISHERS SUBURBAN LIFE, 16 STATE STREET, BOSTON HE NEW AGRICULTURE By x HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which T. BYARD COLLINS ON | |e] have taken place in American agricultural methods which . : are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages E SAR | hee! independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 100 Illustrations eg (| to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period Price, $2.00, Postpaid = —— in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER Il. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. __ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII. _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, wh« the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever t MUNN @& CO., Publishers 4% 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 334 AMERICAN HOMES 7 AND GAR DEW November, 1906 SuN-DiaLs with PepesTALs, ComPLeTe CO KOLUS PATENT OEY By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the reach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON, N./Y., U.S. A. New York Office: 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, II. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS The Only Line of High Grade Tools Under One exe Trade rma occ over isso oncinva could be used to advantage around the house, and oftentimes it is absolutely necessary to have tools at once, to make repairs, The best way to buy them and the most convenient way to keep them is in a cabinet. EEN KUTTER TOOL CABINETS | are the only ones made containing a complete set of high grade tools under | one name and trademark. Every tool isa KEEN KUTTER, which means it is the highest grade and fully guaranteed. No cheap tools. | Ask us to send you handsomely illustrated Catalog showing our complete line of KEEN KUTTER Cabinets; then select the cabinet containing the assortment of tools you want and your dealer will supply you. If not, write us and give us your dealer’s name. This booklet contains cabinets from $8.50 to $50.00, according to assortment of tools. 4 fostal will bring it. es SIMMONS HARDWARE COMPANY, St. Louis and New York, U.S. A. aepanePezann Pen Perens Peeseee® Plant for Immediate Effect 2 Bin = Sig NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS PS Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to Bin Sin i Habe grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. Sid We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an & immediate effect. Fall Price-list Now Ready. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR anee Pap RRRRRVRReVERn Pap Pepee have quite different treatment; almost any kind and amount of covering may be given the lat- ter while the former must be protected not only against cold but against wet and decay and sudden thawing. Plants that make a_ fall growth of leaves like the candidum lily, the hollyhock and the digitalis must have dry covering, and if leaves are used they must be protected by boards or boxes that will shed rain and prevent the admission of snow, nor must the covering used shut out the air, as no matter how cold the weather, plants, even when dormant, need an abundant supply of air; this does not, however, mean a draft, which should be avoided, so it will be seen that the matter of winter protection is somewhat com- plicated. Perhaps the best covering over leaves is a box turned over them; this should have one end removed and the open end turned to the point of the compass from which the least rain and wind is anticipated. Plants which die down to the ground completely as bulbous plants—the Japan lilies, hardy gloxinias, die- lytras and the like, may have any amount of leaves or similar litter piled over them and simply held in place with a little brush; still better will be a heavy mulch of coarse old manure well mixed with leaves, which may be removed in the spring and the finer manure worked into the soil. The heavy mulch of old, rough manure is especially valuable on the rose beds and around the hardy deciduous shrubs such as hydrangeas, altheas, and the like, and may also be applied to the beds of hardy phlox and no other pro- tection will be needed here. As a usual thing the hardy roses will need no other protection than this mulch of rough manure. The Jacque- minots and a few others are not entirely hardy and a swathing in wheat-straw will be a wise precaution ; this should be stood on end around the bush to be protected and tied together at the top and again part way down; it should slant out sufhciently at the bottom to shed rain and to cover whatever protection is placed around the roots. Climbing roses and clematis are much im- proved and many times actually saved by tack- ing sacking, old carpet or matting over them when growing on a wall and on the windward side when grown on a trellis. “The covering should extend to the ground and be held in place there with stones or something that will secure Its permanency, as it 1s quite possible to have a plant freeze off just below the shield, in which case the protection might quite as well have been omitted. Such rank growing cle- matis as paniculata and the virgin’s-bower are not much injured by a severe nipping, by the winter’s frost; my clematis of this variety were killed to the ground last winter and if they had not been would have had to have been cut back severely, so rampant was the growth. On the other hand such varieties as Jackmanii, Mrs. Edouard Andree and the various white varieties seldom get beyond con- trol and should be given protection. Probably the greatest problem, however, is found in the bed of tender roses, the hybrid teas and perpetuals; for these no form of pro- tection can be considered absolutely safe and satisfactory. Some florists advocate banking the plants with earth to a point where it is de- sired to save the top growth, and this is, un- doubtedly, an excellent way, as the earth pro- tection is complete but must be reinforced with boards laid along the top of the ridge to shed water, which in turn must be permanently se- cured so as not to blow off in a gale of wind. Where the roses are planted in beds the earth protection must extend over the entire bed, being sufficiently high in the center to shed water in alt directions; generally beds pro- tected in this manner will be found in good condition in the spring—the earth drawing the frost from the plants, just as it does in the November, 1906 AME RTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 33 The Roberts Safety Wrought-Ilron Boiler For Heating Purposes, on either the Steam or Hot Water Principle, at a price which competes with cast-iron boilers HIS boiler is designed just the same for either steam or hot water heating and can alternate from one to the other, thus better meeting the weather conditions without requiring any alterations in the system. For further particulars apply to The Roberts Safety Water Tube Boiler Co. 39 Cortlandt Street New York City Works at Red Bank, New Jersey Poa Jt IS TLC SONCRKE TE LAWN-VASES q Fill up that bare place in park or campus, add to the attract- iveness of your lawn or beautify your grounds by installing a hand- some concrete yase, as shown in photo-engraving. Our handsome lawn specialties are very reasonable and very effective when properly placed. Price, only $5. Our stately neo N CREWE alee ING. POSTS make the exterior look substantial and lend a very pleasing effet. Suitable for elegant homes. May be placed at either end of driveway. Either vase or post at $5, se- curely crated. q Machines for making them if desired. Catalog. MEDINA CONCRETE CO. 40 Court St. Medina, Ohio We will send | MERICAN HOMES @©& GARDENS and Scientific American for one year to one address for cits & LV E. DOLLARS Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, Interior Woodwork and Furniture. je, Not brittle; will neither scratch nor <3 deface like shellac or varnish. Is not soft and sticky like beeswax. Perfectly transparent, Pen the natural color and beauty of the wood, ithout doubt the most economical and satisfactory PoLIsH known for HaRpDWOOD FLOORS. For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware and House-Furnishings. Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of the nany advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 356 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass, ‘ i i f Our No. 3 Reviver iitdien nd piazza floors to watch -but the clock a... ( othing SS Z LISK ——s: Y= TRADE MARK LISKS Sanitary SELF BASTING ROASTER MAKES A ROAST MEAN A REST A roast means a rest to the owner of a LISK SANITARY SELF-BASTING ROASTER. Put the roast in the oven, look at the clock, and rest. There’s nothing else to do until it’s time to serve the roast. Because of its self-basting feature the LISK ROASTER takes away all the drudgery of cooking. ‘The juices of the meat, vaporized by the heat, collect in drops on the inner roof of the ROASTER and fall back upon the meat in a continuous shower of gravy. Incidentally the LISK ROASTER saves one-fifth of every roast—one pound in five, and so pays for itself over and over again. The LISK SANITARY SELF-BASTING ROASTER is made in Lisk’s Imperial Gray Enameled Steelware. Can be used on the stove or inthe oven. Cleans like china. No seams, joints or corners to hold grease, therefore absolutely sanitary. Made in four sizes, unconditionally guaranteed and sold by all leading hardware dealers and house-furnishing stores. Illustrated booklet H, sent free on request. THE LISK MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Limited CANANDAIGUA, N. Y. ; / Y The best opening apparatus on the h market, and the only device that will g O V ( operate, if desired, a line of sash 500 feet long Window Operating Device Manufactured and Erected by The G. Drouvé Co. Bridgeport, Conn. @ Also Manufacturers and Erectors of ieee eNO PLUVIUS” SKYLIGHT Bridge arrangement for walking on Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, the skylight without coming in contact snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement with or danger of breaking the glass 336 AMERICAN HOMES AND {GAR DENS November, 1906 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above ee WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, ete. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street 23 Brooklyn, New York ARCHITECTS This is the Age of the i METAL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day. ILVMANTELS LATEST ©& BEST DESIGNS The NEW CENTURY METAL SHINGLES are fire-proof, are Quality’ the Highest J# Honest Prces light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely em- bossed, lock perfect and patented. And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than any- thing when you figure all the saving points involved, cost of insurance, etc. Don’t fail to get booklet No. 25 we send you free, chuck full of the roofing question, comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. CHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CO., Chattanooga, Tenn. Painted Tin, Galvanized Tin, Copper, etc. SEND FOR, CATALOGUE HORNET -MANTEL CO. 1112 to 1120 “Market St. # ST. LOUIS @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL REGORD GOMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York —— Country Hom of Rev. J. Wilbur Chavman, Winona Lake, Ind. Supplied with water by the Kewanee Water Supply System Water for Your Country Home OU may have all the conveniences of a city water supply in your country home. You may have an abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure to all the plumbing fixtures in the house, to the hydrants in the gar- den, lawn, stables—anywhere. Besides, you may have ample fire protection for your buildings. This is all accomplished by THE KEWANEE WATER SYSTEM The Kewanee System is easily explained. It consists simply of having an air-tight steel Kewanee Tank located in the cellar, buried in the ground or placed in a special pump-house provided for its protection. Vater from your own well, cistern or other natural source is pumped into this tank. WVhen the Kewanee Tank is two-thirds full of water, all of the air which originally occupied the entire space is compressed into the upper one-third. At this point there will be a pressure of sixty pounds exerted on the water. By installing the right size of tank, you may be sure of an abundant supply, and there will be ample pressure to deliver the water to the highest plumbing connection or most distant hydrant. The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank Rests on solid ground where it can do no damage. It is unexposed to the extremes in weather, insures a frost- proof water system, and provides water of the right temperature during all seasons. It is made of steel and will outlast a dozen overhead tanks. No attic tank to leak and flood the house. No elevated tank to freeze or coHapese. No bursted or frozen pipes. The illustration above shows the country residence of the Rev. J. Wilbur Chapman. He writes: “‘We are perfectly delighted with the Kelanee System of supplying our country house with water, and I wish again to thank you for sending me so fine an outfit.”” Over 5,000 Kewanee Outfits now in Successful Operation Write for catalogue No. 36, which explains everything and tells where Kewanee outfits may be found in your State. It’s free if you mention American Homes and Gardens. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Drawer KK, Kewanee, Ill, ie ; d The “Globe” Ventilator In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For per- G fectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Pat oF ented an Manufactured by Reg: U.S. Pat.Off Globe Ventilator Company ::_ Troy, N.Y. make the house look right from the outside and feel right from the inside. They beautify the building, and protect the dweiling from fire, storm and lightning. That's the reason the architects should specify them. Cortright Metal Roofing Co. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO R.R.FREIGHT DEPOT November, 1906 ANG ANON Es AND GARDENS ar PEONIES, PHLOXES IRISES LILACS HARDY ROSES For Fall Planting We offer the finest varieties, em- bracing all desirable novelties. Our collections of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, Shrubs and Hardy Plants are the most complete in this country. Illustrated and Descriptive Cata- logue, also list of Novelties and Specialties, with beautiful colored plate of the New White Rose Snow Queen (Frau Karl Druschki) mailed free on request ELLWANGER @® BARRY Nurserymen, Horticulturists Rochester, New York Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE 00., Jersey City, N. J. ool h a eras F. WEBER ©, CO. Engineers’ and Draughtsmen’s Supplies Sole Agents for Riefler’s Instruments, Ott’s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue-print Papers, Drawing-boards, Tables, Squares, Triangles, etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, aad Levels of Best Makes. Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III. 1125 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Make Your Own Concrete Building Blocks Best. Fastest. Simplest. Cheapest. MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks THE PETTYJOHN CO. 617 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind, BRISTOL’S Recordin a Located wit thin house, recordson a weekly chart outside temperature Also, Bris one Recording Pressure G ances Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. 0 “nt vari eties, and guaranteed. Send for Cata THE BRISTOL CO., W SE, Conn. CHICAGO, 753 Mon ADNOCK BLDG NEW YORK, 114 LIBERTY ST. 335 AMERICAN HOMES “AN DIG ADEN When You See “26 Gauge” stenciled on a bundle of ys: —_——_= LV Vv ONS ee HUET TI p PITTSBURGH APOLLO BEST BLOOM Galvanized Sheets you know from experience that 26 gauge it is. The same applies to all other gauges, and this one point alone is sufficient reason for you to demand them, for such uniformity assures quick, easy and satisfactory work, and removes all risk of damage to your machines. When you add to this the toughness, pliability and easy working qualities of the materials used ; the superior coating ; and the ability of Apollo Sheets to with- stand the elements indefinitely—no metal worker or property owner can afford to overlook them. We'll gladly send you our Weight Card if you desire further information on the subject—and would suggest that you say “‘ Apollo’’ and stick to it when in the market for Galvanized Sheets. and you may if you don’t. You'll never regret taking such a course AMERICAN SHEET ¢©& TIN PLATE COMPANY FRICK BUILDING yl is PITTSBURGH, PA. )| Wa hg Ol 3B alton 86 19,16) THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches om» Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book con- tains a large number of plans and per- spectives of churches of varying costs. Besides this there is much concise and practical information relating to planning and seating; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, ete., making it in its present form oP as The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 Munn & Co,, 361 Broadway, New Work City ble BECOME BECOME A NURSE E VERY woman should prepare herself for the emergencies of life and nursing is woman's most natural and ennobling calling Our system of training (by mail) is recognized by physicians and hospitals throughout the country as being thoroughly practical. We guarantee our graduates employmerit at good wages, We are the Pioneer Nurses” Correspondence Training School of America. All others have followed after us, but none have ever approached Our faculty is of the highest standard. Write to any of our hundreds of graduates (we will send you names and our efficiency addresses for the asking), and you will find them not only willing to answer your inquiries, but eager and enthusiastic in their en- dorsement of our methods in every particular. Write us to-day, and we will send you handsome illustrated booklet giving you valuable suggestions and information. Address American Training School for Nurses | 1108 CRILLY BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. November, 1906 case of vegetables cached in the earth in the fall. The next best form of protection, and far less work, is found in leaves or in evergreen boughs; whenever either of these are used it will be necessary to see that each plant has the earth drawn up well around the stem and if necessary more earth added to that in the bed. For several years I have found that whenever my tender roses have winter-killed they have been killed at the surface of the ground ; this shows two things, first that there was an insufficiency of clay in the soil, letting it shrink away and that the earth was not drawn up and firmed around the roots as it should have been. Where leaves are used they should be piled lightly around the plants quite to their tips, and well out on all sides and held in place by some sort of a frame—old window- blinds make excellent frames, and covered with boards to shed the rain, as wet leaves are worse than no protection at all. Evergreen boughs, when obtainable, offer an excellent protection for roses and similar tender plants and should be so placed as to shed water. When used to protect long beds of roses, pansies and the like, I have made ex- cellent use of the ridge-pole principle, this con- sists of placing notched stakes or narrow boards with pointed ends in the beds at regu- lar distances apart and resting long poles in the notches to form the ridge. Against these the evergreen boughs are leaned, stem up and the tips extending out over the edge of the bed. If the evergreen boughs are in sufficient quantity and heavily leaved it will not be nec- essary to use any leaves, and in the case of the pansies none should be used. Corn fodder may be applied in the same way, but is too unsightly for any prominent position, while the evergreen hedge is rather attractive, retaining its emerald green all winter. The cardinal principle of all winter pro- tection should not be lost sight of—these are the prevention of sudden thawing and freezing and the protection from severe and chilling winds, and the prevention of water settling about the roots of the plants; this is nearly always fatal, especially in the case of peonies and lilies. Where the crown of the plant is below the general surface of the land earth should be drawn up around it to shed water; often this precaution alone will be sufficient protection. Mere cold alone does not greatly harm plants, but the sudden thawing induced by the sun on a frozen plant produces a rupture of the cells of the plant, which is death, hence we protect the plant from the sun as well as the cold. The artificial lily-pond is one of the easiest problems to solve, for here the conditions are all in our favor; the pond being sunken in the ground below an ordinary frost-line and the encircling walls holding the leaves which must be used to fill it securely, it only remains to protect these leaves from wet to insure the safety of the pond and its contents throughout the winter. However, before placing the leaves in the pond certain preparations must be made, the water must be all let out—that is, to just below the surface of the soil in the bottom of the pond and boxes, preferably those with roomy cracks or one end removed, turned over the crown of the plants to prevent the leaves settling around the plants and inducing decay ; then the leaves are filled in and rounded up. A stout pole must be laid across the pond, ele- vating it somewhat higher than the top of the curb by putting a support under the middle of it and at each end boards must be laid from this to the ground on two sides of the pond, covering it completely so that no water or snow can enter. It will also be well to lay a piece of oil-cloth across the ends of the pole where the boards end, as at this point snow or rain is likely to drift in. November, 1906 AVEER LeGAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 339 NEW BOOKS Mopern Housinc In Town Anp Coun- TRY. By James Cornes. New York. Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 18 + 196. Price, $3.00 net. Notwithstanding the fact that architects derive the greatest pleasures of their profes- sion, and the greatest emoluments, from the erection of costly buildings, the small house, both for the town and the country, remains the most important of the architectural prob- lems of the day. It is easy to see why this is so, since the housing of the poor and those in moderate circumstances presents difficulties of an unusual order. ‘This is particularly the case at the present day, when the high price of materials and the high cost of wages has vastly expanded the cost of every building enterprise, whether great or small. It is scarcely necessary to emphasize the im- portance of this problem; but it may be well to point out that its significance has been greatly increased by the spread of sanitary knowledge. It is no longer recognized as suf- ficient that people have a place to live in; it is deemed essential that they have a fit place, one which, if not provided with every modern comfort, must at least be habitable according to modern ideas. It is not so long ago when the poor person had to content himself with whatever could be had; ramshackle buildings became enormously profitable under this sys- tem, and only a few years since an extremely wealthy ecclesiastical organization in New York was soundly rapped on the knuckles for deriving a good share of its immense income ‘from the rent of tenements too badly main- tained for decent human beings to occupy. For a number of years an active campaiga against such unsanitary living has been carried on in every large city. In New York it re- sulted in the creation of the Tenement House Commission as an integral part of the city government. ‘This was a direct result of the enlightenment of public opinion on this im- portant matter, an opinion that, once aroused, is tolerably certain not to go to sleep again. The subject has been even more extensively agitated in England than in America. If the conditions of the working classes as regards housing are not actually worse there they are certainly wider spread. “The industrial cities are more crowded than in America, and the supply of old buildings is more abundant. For the last few years, therefore, this question has forced itself upon the attention of many municipalities, and it has become necessary that these municipalities shall see that suit- able houses are available for the people. Hence many civic authorities have been, to some extent, compelled to provide dwellings, and many large landowners and great em- ployers of labor have given attention to the housing of their employees. “The question in England has, therefore, assumed a somewhat different aspect from what it has taken in America, for while there the actual building of houses has become more or less a govern- ment matter with us the initiative has been left to private capital, the government contenting itself with specifying the conditions under which dwelling houses may be built and in what order they shall be maintained. But the lessons of good housing are equally valuable, whether taken from America or Eng- land. ‘The book of Mr. Cornes, therefore, while dealing exclusively with English sub- jects, represents many of the latest expres- sions of English opinions on this topic, and contains many valuable object lessons for every one interested in good building, whether directly intended for the working classes or otherwise. The essential conditions attending the erec- tion of houses for working people may be such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO. «scsfité*Sifacan 361 Broadway, New York CLO TRADE-MARK The perfect material and scientific principle cf construction of the Sy-Cro Closet entirely overcomes the unpleasant and unsanitary features that make the ordinary closet amenace tohealth. The Sy-CrLo Closet does away with the necessary care that makes the common closet a household burden. Study the sectional view of the Sy-Cro illustrated below. Notice the unusual extent of water surface in the bowl. No possibility of impurity adhering to the sides. That’s why the Sy-Cro is always clean. Unlike the ordinary closet, the Sy-CLo Closet has a double cleansing action, a combination of flush from above and a powerful pump-like pull from below. The downward rush of water creates a vacuum in the pipe into which the entire contents of the bowlis drawn with irresistible syphonic force. That’s why the Sy-C1Lo Closet is called Cleans Itself The sectional cut shows the deep water-seal that perpet- ually guards the household health by making impossible the escape of sewer gas, a subtle and often unsuspected poison. The material of the Sy-C1Lo Closet is heavy white china, hand moulded into a single piece. No joint, crack or crevice to retain im- purity. Nosurface to chip off or crack. Nothing to rust or corrode. Un- affected by water, acid or wear. The name ‘‘Sy-CLo”’ on a closet guarantees that it is made under the direction and supervision of the Pot- teries Selling Company, of the best materials, and with the aid of the best engineer- Valuable Booklet on ing skill, and has the united \ ¥ endorsement of eighteen of \* ee re Household Health the leading potteries of sent free America. r , Lavatories of every design if ET IAL made of the same material the name of as the Sy-CLo Closets. your Plumber. POTTERIES SELLING COMPANY, TRENTON, N. J. 1904 Edition—Designus costing $2,000 to $15,000. Price, $2.00. 1906 Edition—Designs costing $6,000 to $30,000. Price, $2.00. The most beautiful and useful book on this subject published The designs are illustrated by fine half-tone engravings made from water color drawings and photographs, showing the buildings as they will 4 actually appear when completed. Each design has also a first and second floor plan carefully worked outand figured, and in a number of in- stances the interiors are shown from photograph plates; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on plan- ning and building. Colonial, Artistic, English Half Timber and other styles of Architecture. Special designs and detailed plans prepared. Houses altered and remodeled. WILLIAM DEWSNAP, Architect 152 Nassau Street, New York City The SCIEN TIFIC AMERICAN BO By. VA. RUSSELL BOND I2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. _ The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, 340 AMERICAN HOMES AND VWGARDENS November, 1906 — Tang vaaha FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND CMODERN STYLES HE beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect- -fifting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance is an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! poston THE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. sr'vouis MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, C&C, OSSNTPTNT Fionn. Where Varnish Quality Tells Perfect floor finishing may be accomplished more easily than many imagine if a little more care is used in selecting the finish. A finish that not only looks well at the start but ree tains its beauty and lustre under continued use, is not an o'dinary varnish. It is a product of study and experience—of experts in their line. L.X.L. Floor Finish is the culmination of seventy-nine years’ careful study and experience in varnish making and represents the very highest quality that can be produced. It is beautiful when new and retains its beauty until old. I.X.l. Floor Finish has no equal for "79 YEARS' EXPERIENCE toughness, brilliancy, durability. Dries IN EVERY CAN'* hard over night and isnot readily marred. - Costs but a trifle more than ordinary pro- ducts. Insist that dealer furnishes it. For general interior wood work where the best results are desired, always insist on 1.X.L. PRESERVATIVE COATINGS Send for ‘‘Rules for the Pre- servation of Hardwood Floors,” free if you men- tion dealer’s name. Epwarb Smith & Company 45 BroapwaY New York ARTISTIC MANTELS Our line embraces every~ thing needed for the fire- place, and our Mantels range in price from $2. 65 up. q Catalogue free The GEO. W. CLARK CoO. 91 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. Factory: Knoxville, Tenn. “TUALLY SE TE I EB TT ag summed up in a very few words. ‘They must, in the first place, meet ordinary sanitary re- quirements. They must be well built, and cheaply built; by cheapness is meant built without undue cost; for cheapness is becoming such a comparative quality that its original meaning is rapidly going out of date. And then, finally, and perhaps as important as any, the dwelling must be self supporting if a municipal enterprise, or yield a fair and honest percentage if erected by private capital. All these requirements have been successfully real- ized time and time again in England and America, and in this country it has been for- tunately demonstrated that private capital is sufficiently compensated in such ventures. Mr. Cornes’s book is an ample survey of recent English achievements in this matter. He describes and illustrates many working- men’s dwellings and buildings in all parts of England, illustrating his examples with photo- graphs, and supplementing his descriptions with statements of expenditures. He treats of groups of houses, of tenement houses, of isolated dwellings and cottages, and of houses for the city and country. He covers every aspect of his subject with ample fulness, and concludes his book with an extended descrip- tion of the Cheap Cottages Exhibition held at Letchworth last summer. As a study in mu- nicipal betterment his book has unusual value, and as a record of what has been accomplished in England in building betterment it has re- markable significance. While the living qual- ities, that is to say, the sanitary significance and the convenience of these buildings has been their first consideration, it is a most in- teresting fact that, architecturally, very many of them are of extraordinary interest in the matter of design. How To Stupy A Picture. By Charles H. Cafin. New York. The Century Co. Price $2.00 net. The preparation of guides for picture lovers is a quite new undertaking in the literary pro- fession. It is an industry that has arisen none too soon, for books of this sort have long been needed. The notion that the understanding, appreciation, comprehension and love for pic- tures is innate in the human mind is no longer recognized as sound. As a matter of fact it never had any basis in reason, and was only upheld while the cultivated few held supreme control in the picture world. But in these prolific days of artistic reproductions, of glib art lecturers, of art magazines and other means for popularizing art, some standards of judg- ment are essential and a safe authoritative guide to pictures and their art has a definite purpose and meets a definite need. In plain words, it is absolutely essential to know what pictures to admire and why they should be admired. One needs to be told what is good in medicine or best in foods. Hence the production of books like Mr. Caf- fin’s, which is a more than usually helpful one. It is sanely written, and while it does not profess to be a history of art as a whole, it so well covers the field of painting that it may admirably serve as a guide to the whole subject. Mr. Caffin has selected fifty-six painters, who are the pivotal ones by reason of what these artists have accomplished or of their in- fluence upon others. He has not attempted to pick out a list of the most famous names in art, but to unfold the gradual progress of painting, to show how various motives have from time to time influenced artists, and how the scene of vital progress has sifted from country to coun- try. He wisely points out that while the stud- ent is buried in the history of one school it is dificult for him to bear in mind what is being done by contemporary artists in other schools. He has, accordingly, as often as possible, November, 1906 VELLOd Furnishing Plus Sentiment A few wall-panels and a so-called suite of Louis XVI or Sheraton furniture don’t make a period room! Except the dry-goods-store-sort. We plead for mellow colouring, arrangement— atmosphere—in “assembling” that shall reflect the sentiment and life of the time—human interest. ‘‘ The silks that softer fade To a dream of vanished roses, Woven in an old brocade.’’ Good period-furnishing means a designer who possesses the infinite capacity for taking pains, and who has a song in his heart. This describes our entire staff. Do you know that all our furniture, mural effects, wall-papers and stuffs are copied from historic origi- nals 3 and cost no more than the half-baked commer- cial sort? We invite you to call at our studios, or will wait upon you at your house anywhere in the United States. Or we shall, upon request, send you colour-schemes with attendant samples of wall-papers and stuffs, or colour-sketches, if you will send on a rough plan of your room or house. Also, if you are collecting pieces of furniture, let us know in what you are interested, and half-tone engravings will go forward —no oblization to purchase on your part, no importu- nity on ours. Write for literature and booklets. THE VERBECK, WHYBROW & CROSSLEY CO. (Incorporated) Period Furnishers and Decorators, Mauser Building, Two Hundred Ninety-Eight Fifth Ave., Corner Thirty-First Street, New York. A Pure Louis XV Parlour Furnished By Us near Pittsburgh, Pa. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS These Twotlables Bradstreet Shops and Craftthouse repre ent the art of exclusive de ign for whi h we are famou In JIN-DI-SUGI Fimish which means an imitation of Japanese driftwood with all the color of age. Cryptomeria, seemingly buried a thousand years, had taken on this same beautiful color when taken from the bog in Japan, and hence the term. JIN-DI-SUGI 19 means ‘‘a thousand years We build these beautiful tables principally from cy- press, which lends its elegant grain so admirably to this par- ticular finish; but youcan have them in spruce, cedar or chest- nut, as you elect. AS we are known solely by the work we pri duce, we invite you to write for clearer photos and descrip- tions of same. These tables are finished either in brown or green. The charm of all that char- acterizes our work can not be had elsewhere; is yours for the effort of becoming ac- quainted. Would you know us better? Write for fine color prints of these tables, also for our illustrated brochure. John S. Bradstreet & Co. 328 South 7th St., Minneapolis, Minn. to these industrious people. American Homes and Gardens BOUND VOLUMES N response to many requests of both new and old sub- scribers we have caused a beautiful design to be pre- pared and expensive register dies cut so as to produce a most artistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most substantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the nec- essary strength for so heavy a volume. @ The decoration of the cover is unique. There are -AMERICAN- GeOMES ANDI “GARDENS - five colors of imported com- position leaf and inks, artis- tically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. This volume makes An Appropriate resent for any season of the year. jrice, $3.50 Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. (| For those who have the first six numbers we have pre- pared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound volumes. Any bookbinder can sew and case in the book for a moderate price. WVe send this case, strongly packed, for $1.50. Hunn & Company 361 Broadway, New Dork City 342 AMERICAN, HOMES “AND WGARDENS November, 1906 SHIPPED YOU FREE For Inspection THE ITHACA HALL CLOCK ALL CHARGES PREPAID JE will ship this clock direct from our factory W to you upon receipt of your request for same. We prepay all charges. Giveitathorough test as atimepiece. If it is not what you expected or as represented, ship it back to us, charges collect. If, after 10 days’ use, it proves satisfactory, remit us its price, $29 so. If you want the clock, and are unable to remit the entire amount in one pay- ment, send us $8, and $3 per m0! thy “£iorr eight months. ‘This beauti- ful Colonial timepiece, ex- actly like J photograph, & cannot be dup. licated else- where for sev- eral times the price we ask. We elimina‘e the profits of salesmen, Job- bers and refazl. ers and deliver it to you, pre- paid, at the rock - bottom price of $2 in one y ment, or $32.00 in nine pay- ments, DESCRIPTION Constructed of polished cherry, mahogan- ized, or polished, se- lected oak. Size Height 7% feet. Weight, 150 pounds, Ornaments Etrus- can or- naments, solid cast brass, polished. Top ornaments, brass and silver. Can be furnished with- out ornaments, if desired. Crystals Both Doors French, extra heavy, polish- ed beveled crystals. Dial 12% inches square, black Arabic figures on cream ground, corners rich crim- son, illuminated by neat gold scrolls, Movement Eight- day. Pol. ished- brass visible pendulum. Strikes hours and half-hours on sott- toned First- accue- gong. class; rate. Guaranteed to keep perfect time. State if oak or mahoga- nized cherryis wanted If you would consider the purchase of this cilkorcics writeusimme- diately, re- questing us to forward it to you, Tree ofall Charges, for wnspeclion, ac- conrdinie tio above terms, The Ithaca Calendar Clock Co. Dept. 11 ITHACA, N. Y. Makers of the world. Established 1865 renowned Ithaca Calendar Clocks If interested in calendar clocks, send for catalogue treated side by side contemporary men of dif- ferent nationalities, trying to show in each case something of the differences of environ- ment and personality and of motive and method. It is a novel and interesting presenta- tion of the subject. The result is a book ad- mirably adapted to the beginner in the history of painting, and one from which those already possessed of some knowledge on the subject may derive many valuable ideas. How To Make A Fruit Garpen. A Prac- tical and Suggestive Manual for the Home Garden. By S. W. Fletcher. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. Pp. 19+283. Price, $2.00, net. This book has been prepared expressly for the amateur, and well deserves the hearty welcome it must receive from that enthusiastic class of growers. As Professor Fletcher well points out, most of the literature on fruit growing circulated by the national and state governments is directed particularly to the commercial horticulturist. The more need, therefore, for a book appealing directly to the amateur, who cultivates fruit for the love of cultivating it, or for the pleasure of having it, rather than for the money he may derive from it. Specializing still further he addresses himself more particularly to the home-maker of moderate means, who wishes to make the garden contribute as largely as possible to the support of his family as well as to their pleasure and comfort. This interesting programme is carried out in a thoroughly good and quite exhaustive manner. ‘The range of topics is extensive, because there are many fruits to be considered, and the book is made so complete as to cover not only the fruits of the northeastern United States, but those of the extreme south and west. ‘The introductory chapters dealing with general conditions are followed by others treating of various kinds of fruit. “The book is practical in a pre-eminent sense, and may. therefore, be accepted by the fruit-grower as a useful and trustworthy guide. Professor Fletcher writes in an interesting way, but without undue expansion. “The book is abundantly illustrated with about two hun- dred photographs. PicToRIAL GREENHOUSE MANAGEMENT. By Walter P. Wright. New York: Cassell & Company, Ltd., 1905. 16mo., pp. 144. Price, 75 cents. The greenhouse is undoubtedly necessary not only as an adjunct to the garden, but for the cultivation of such plants as are, of necessity, grown under cover, as well. ‘The practical experience of the author as expert horticulturist has enabled him to compile valu- able directions for the general management of greenhouses, conservatories, and other glass structures for similar purposes. “he book also includes useful advice on the culture of the chief varieties of all the most important green- house and stove plants. PicToRIAL PracTicAL BULB GrRowINc. By Walter P. Wright and Horace J. Wright. New York: Cassell & Company, Ltd., 1905. I6mo., pp: 152. Price, 75 cents: The term “bulb” in connection with this book is given a wide interpretation, and for practical purposes many distinctions with which the great flower growing public is un- familiar, have been swept away, and, there- fore, all the favorite flowers which a broad view associates with bulbs, have been included. Many minor plants which really are bulbs have, on the other hand, been left out as not deserving space in the small handbook. ‘The user, however, will find it a concise guide to the culture of all the most important bulbous, tuberous and allied plants. Make the Material To Build Your Home The successful manufacture of Concrete Building Blocks with an Ideal Concrete Machine is as simple as mixing mortar. The unskilled labor of one man is sufh- cient. Sand, gravel and cement the only material used. Concrete Building Blocks excel all other materials in beauty and durabil- ity. Weather-proof, fire-proof and a perpetual saving in insurance. Make your own building blocks right where you build for 25 per cent. of the cost of stone or brick. Our Free Book for Home Builders tells you how. Concrete Machines Are equally adapted to the purpose of the man who makes building blocks for his own use, or the manufacturer who makes them for sale. The machine costs so little that it will save many times its cost in the blocks for a single home. The Ideal Concrete Machine is simple, durable and adaptable. The same machine makes blocks with plain, tooled and count- less designs of ornamental face, or natural stone effect. Write for free Book for Home Builders and get full details of a wonderfully simple, practical way of home building at little cost. ideal Concrete Machinery Co. \ Dept. F, South Bend, ind. WILLIAMS ..4 Ventilating Window Sash \ Fastener A\ffords absolute security \ against entrance to every window to which it is attached. Can be placed) © on any window by any one and weights regulai> toanydesiredheight. ¢ Never before have} you been privileged to breathe the pure fresh air from out- doors in your hom=> without the fear of thieves or intruders gaining entrance to ; your abode. Not necessary even to keep windows en- , tirely closed while you are away, for even the boldest burglar’s jimmy fails to remove the security every Williams Ventilating Window Sash Fastener affords. Write to-day for folder. If you're building, we want to tell you how to save the price of window catches too. CHARLES HOYT WILLIAMS 1062 Fidelity Building . . . . Buffalo, N. Y. a —Ty (he{ModelTHouse The. Garden Altar Y at The Reyival of the Sun-Dial in the American Gardea s The Ding Reem i Designed is Mimaments hae Moldings Fac-simile Pages of Americ YOU take an interest in your home; YQOU want to know how that home can be improved at little cost, how it can be made a better, happier, brighter, more artistic place to live in; YOU have a garden and you love flow- ers, and you wish to make that garden more attractive ; YOU have failed as a gardener and you want to know why; ina word, if your home and its surroundings mean anything at all to you, AMERTCAN HOMES AND GARDERS, the heme of Gen. Stephen Abbott, on Americ Salem, Ma ventrable timeke win one handred yee the hoveeme. memorable delicate pl Some Sicceshel Small “Houses Costing From $1,200 16 $2,400) [By Drrnede Nichole DON’T YOU READ an homes, the difference berwéen whose una ed an are che eryles of fu per dale” come are for the Fining at Obe front coroery of tha! "Chippen liars or pilasters By Derende Nichole 3—Plas of 417 | more handsomely printéd, more beau- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS can follow because they are suited to your purse. No magazine is tifully illustrated, more clearly worded. How to Make and Apply Stencils A Sewell Groves Brwwns und Rede fet 0 As Ongaal Trestment of Tulip, Tomas Irom Old Kare Drang Room o Lira Raom oer Bed, Sok Walle of Som, Bch os Necemaay 5 Inexpensive Country Homes (with plans) Interior Decoration How Curtains May Be Made at Home How to Make Pottery at Home How Furniture May Be Covered at Home How the Amateur May Decorate the Room with Home-made Stencils How to Preserve Wild Flowers How a Water Garden May Be Laid Out and Built How the House of a Bygone Day May Be Re- modeled and Converted into a Modern Home and December, FREE OF CHARGE. PRICE, 25 CENTS PER COPY; $3.00 A YEAR SOME OF THE ARTICLES WHICH WILL APPEAR DURING 1906 AND 1907 ARE THE FOLLOWING How To Do Copper and Brass Repousse Work How to Rehabilitate Worthless, Farms with $1000 or Less The Use of Statuary for Garden Decoration The Kitchen and How it Should Be Planned Historical Places in America The Entrance to a Country Place The House of the Colonial Period Sun Dials Modern Dahlias Gateways to Estates Nature Study and Its Effect on the Home Run-down Besides there will be descriptions—handsomely illustrated descriptions, accompanied by plans—of houses with and without gardens, houses of stone and wood, houses for the very rich man and for the man with moderate means. In every number will be found complete descriptions of actually built houses ranging in price from $2000 to $6000, together with photographs of exterior and interior and architects’ plans. If you subscribe now for the year 1907 you will receive the issues for October, November This offer applies to new subscribers only. MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York Each number has a cover printed in colors. Old Time Wall Paper Something Concerning Driveways My Garden Without Flowers A Seventeenth Century Homestead Wild Animals in Captivity How a Pennsylvania Farmhouse was Trans- formed Into a Beautiful Dwelling Electricity in the Home for Cooking, Ironing, Heating, etc. Life on an Olive Ranch A Neglected Opportunity—the House Roof Rapid Growth of Birds Life on Great Vineyards Sample and , ti“ A House Lined with Circular Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm ia Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Correspondence Solicited. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY. VERTICAL SECTION, CROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, Inter- locking Rubber Tiling TOV IN EYES 7c rererty TAT TRE A Perfect Floor for business offices, bank- ing-rooms, court-rooms, ves- tibules, halls, billiard-rooms, smoking-rooms, cafes, libra- ries, churches, hospitals, hotels, bathrooms, kitch- ens, etc. Samples, estimates and special designs furnished upon application. Beware of infringers. Patented. @ Interior view of The a First Church of Chnst Manufactured solely by Scientist, Boston, Mass. || New York Belting in which we laid 30,000 || & Packing Co., Ltd. square feet of Interlocking 91 and 93 Chambers St., New York Rubber Tiling in solid color, || Gis < GoLske se Oakland, Cal. . 918 Broadway Boston 5 . 232 Summer St. to harmonize with the general Buffalo is . 600 Prudential Bldg. Pittsburg . 528 "ark Bldg. scheme of decoration of the Teel ctpol, Ind. 229 S. Meridran St. : : oe ee ee eo ee oe St. Louis . . 218 Chestnut St. interior IC aie oe =. a° —s Baltimore . . 114 W.Baltimore St. TH: often endeavor to preserve the character and artistic be auty of the « form of lighting fxtures, W oe adapting 7 them to mo ier uses and require ments Our trade-mark is always placed 2) on all oul ooods as our oy MAnn ruaran tee of the highest 4h avait of artistic design Virc® be workmanship. The Enos Company Makers of LIGHTING FIXTURES 5 West 39th Street, New York City Baltimore, 519 North Charles Street; Washington, $18 Connecticut Avenue; San Francisco, 1701 Gough Street; Atlanta, Ga., 730 Candler Building; Toronto, 94+ King St., West; Montreal, Bank of To It Goes With the Sash! -RAME window screens have always been a nuisance. Necessary, of course, but so much bother to adjust and take out when the windows ne to be closed, opened or cleaned. The need of a new idea for windo w screens may be said to have been a "long fe lt want," and therefore all householders, office occupants, hotel keer vers and others will i hail with acclamation the advent of The Thompson” Automatic Seer Window Screen which is easily adjustable to all windows that raise or lower. No cutting of frame or sash. They are simply adjusted by any- body in a minute or two. They § rise or fall with either sash, and are not in the way of shutters or storm windows; can be instantly detached when necessary, and do not obstruct the view at any time; do not rust or break, and will eastly outlast ordinary screens. They allow of perfect ventilation while keeping out mosquitoes, flies and other insects. @ Perfect in Action @ Neat in Appearance @ Low in Cost : @ Effective in Results Manufactured & Controlled by q Unique We Every Way American Automatic Roller Window Screen Co. 620 Mutual Life Building, Buffalo, N. Y. 5O% SAVED OAK VENEERED DOORS IN STOCK ALL SIZES. MADE IN STOCK QUANTITIES, SOLD AT STOCK PRICES, (aRRIED INSTOG THE FOSTER-MUNGER (0. AMERIGAS GREATEST SASH & DOOR HOUSE CHICAGO, U:S:A: WRITE FOR VENEERED DOOR BOOK 1448 E r- Lhe Pierce Great Arrow Suburban Four-Cylinder, 28-32 H. P., $5,000; 40-45 H. P., $6,250 | HE Pierce Suburban is a development of the Pierce Arrow. In the chassis of the Pierce Arrow, American conditions for successful automobile construction were intel- ligently grasped and competently met. The result was a touring-car for American men, to be driven over American roads a greater number of miles with fewer adjustments and repairs. than any other car. The Pierce Suburban 1s the Pierce Great Arrow chassis with enclosed body. ‘This car meets the dual want ot the average American car-owner—a dependable touring-car and a luxurious city carriage in one and the same automobile. THE GEORGE N. PIERCE COMPANY BUFFALO, N. Y. Members of Association of Licensed Automobile Manutacturers DECEMBER, WOOL THT, No: 6 2" ‘a vw bi ¢ £ OMES™ Le (The? Model "House _ ' The Garden Altar? The Revival of the Sun-Dial in the American Garden Same Success Small Houses Costing From $1,200-19,$2400) }By Durasde Nichols By Durende Nichols of the Plante The Larges 4 Irom the Smaller (The Conarvcton of Pood ls eaveas od Stonework SOME OF THE ARTICLES WHICH WILL APPEAR DURING 1906 AND 1907 ARE THE FOLLOWING Inexpensive Country Homes (with plans) Interior Decoration How Curtains May Be Made at Home How to Make Pottery at Home How Furniture May Be Covered at Home How the Amateur May Decorate the Room with Home-made Stencils How to Preserve Wild Flowers Howes Water Garden May Be Laid Out and ullt How the House of a Bygone Day May Be Re- modeled and Converted Home into a Modern — How To Do Copper and Brass Repousse Work How to Rehabilitate Worthless, Farms with $1000 or Less The Use of Statuary for Garden Decoration The Kitchen and How it Should Be Planned Historical Places in America The Entrance to a Country Place The House of the Colonial Period Sun Dials Modern Dahlias Gateways to Estates Nature Study and Its Effect on the Home Run-down Old Time Wall Paper Something Concerning Driveways My Garden Without Flowers A Seventeenth Century Homestead Wild Animals in Captivity How a Pennsylvania Farmhouse was Trans- formed Into a Beautiful Dwelling Electricity in the Home for Cooking, Ironing, Heating, etc. Life on an Olive Ranch A Neglected Opportunity—the House Roof Rapid Growth of Birds Life on Great Vineyards Besides there will be descriptions—handsomely illustrated descriptions, accompanied by plans—of houses with and without gardens, houses of stone and wood, houses for the very rich man and for the man with moderate means. Jn every number will be found complete descriptions of actually built houses ranging in price from $2000 to $6000, together with photographs of exterior and interior and architects’ plans. Each number has a cover printed in colors. If you subscribe now for the year 1907 you will receive the issues for October, November and December, FREE OF CHARGE. PRICE, 25 CENTS PER COPY; $3.00 A YEAR This offer applies to new subscribers only. MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 349 The Gorton Vapor Vacuum System of Heating The original smooth- surfaced weather-proof “ (REG. U.S. PAT.OFFICE) elastic NA ZS) ROO FING | Roofing Gx ~ WELL! ABOVE-ALL THINGS!” [TH this System you can absolutely govern the temperature in any room by graduating the open- ace ing of the radiator valve, and To avoid imitations, look for Wi the radiator will only be heated ZB our Registered Trade-Mark in proportion to the amount | CO | | @ Z rT; RUBEROID ” of steam admitted; therefore no room is overheated, which stamped on the under side means a great saving in fuel. of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, printed on the outside wrapper This System costs less to install complete than the ordinary hot-water system, and it can be put in by any steam-fitter. Catalogue on application. For Handsome Dwellings use Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 96 Liberty Street, New York City Ge “CHAMPION” RUBEROID pauey: Metal Shingle ae : -| Inexpensive, coe ——$—} | Ornamental, Durable MADE BY ROOFING |) ) = A PERMANENT ROOFING a wm A PERMANENT COLOR ||| oJ) 7) ALSO MAKERS OF The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect SEND FOR SAMPLES ie , is fl % leet Lee Ek @ || rece THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY || BX aix val 3° Sole -7Vanufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-F ailing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine Improved. jErieseén Hot Air Pumping Engine Bee by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ““E”’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and ,cheaper than electricity, and costing fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, pod wag operation. Gives services lighting, cookir and heat ing. Fullest satis- raehied gue iranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, instit utions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel ga for manufacturing, producing v city gas at 50 cents per 1o0oo cubic to respond to very large demands; ¢ ing towns, etc. C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba i 3 oH er e 4 - ee - i Ht AMERICAN HOMES "AND "GARDENS December, 1906 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our ““Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him ina position to do so. TRENTON, NEV TRENT TILE COMPANY, 723725, 20 set Makers of Wall and Fire Place DE ule >) Non bis ombremuet Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Faience, ete. WRITE DE PART MOE NT A er eOUR SiGe Ani A SL OMG aUmrE MENNENS BO RAT ED’ TA LColmm TOILET POWDER ag Any Child who has enjoyed the benefit of j Mennen’s Borated Talcum Tol- let Powder daily since birth is free from the painful chapping and chafing which comes with winter weather. Mennen’s soothes and heals.and if used dai- ly, enables the mosttender skin to resist the ill effects of changing conditions of weather. Put up in non-refillable boxes, for your protection. If Mennen’s face is on the cover,it’s genuine, that’s a guarantee of purity. Delightful after shaving. Sold everywhere, or by mail 25 cents. Sample Free. Gerhard Mennen Co., Newark, N. J. Try Mennen’sViolet(Borated) Taleum Powder. _It has the sceit of fresh cut Violets. WINTRY BLASTS CANNOT ENTERA HOUSE —— HEATED BY THE—— | KINNEAR—. META PRESS SE autak me TTY are not only the most economical and efficient dis- tributors of heat known, but they possess other advantages which easily give them first place among heating devices. Kinnear Pressed Radiators oc- ee cupy but one-half the space required by cast iron radiators. Think what this means in the home, where the saving of space is of the utmost importance. Kinnear Pressed Radiators, too, are so light and easily handled that they may readily be removed for the as summer months, after the need of — ——— artificial heat has passed. Phoenix Yet with all their numerous good Sliding Hich- features, Kinnear Radiators cost no 3 Blind g Grae more than the bulky cast iron affairs. a Gai Vensenil Don’t fail to investigate. Call and 4 Dos see them at one of our branches if = Phoenix r convenient. Write now for our new 4 N. Y. aD Catalog D. The Pressed RadiatorCo. |) Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A. os BRANCHES Pe * New York, Flatiron Bldg. Indianapolis, State Life Bldg. a ¢ Be ago, First Nat. BankBl’g. Oakland, 922 Franklin St. % . Louis, S.H.Brooks & Co., Detroit, Buhl Bldg. ee i 2S. 8th St. San Antonio, Moore Bldg. 5 se Ciry. Heist Bldg. Minneapolis, 407 Boston 4 : sronto, Ont., 302 Queen St. Block ;) ——————_S Seale 408 Occidental Ave. Milwaukee, 69 Second St. Bar| SEND FOR = A4 ndon, Eng., 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane JE] _} December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 351 ; Character | In Doors The doors of your house should be §) chosen for their character and should be ‘\in harmony with the architectural motif. { They should so combine good design #\ with good construction as to become |an integral and permanent part of the ao building. Morgan Doors meet these specifications as no other doors do, be- cause they are produced under a perfect system of manufacture, and by artists and artisans whose sole aim has been to identify the name of “Morgan” with all that is best in door design and construction. The products of the Morgan shops, as a conse- quence, not only prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under an agreement that is an unconditional! guarantee of satisfactory service. They) } cost no more than other doors. Write today for our illustrated booklet, “The Door Beautiful,” telling you more about them. Sent free on request. Architects and builders are urged to write for our 64- page catalogue, entitled “The Perfect Door,’’ sent free where the request is written on business stationery. Morgan Co., Dept. A, OshKosh, Wis. Distributing Points: : Morgan Sash and Door Co., West 22nd and Union Sts., Chicago,|= Morgan Company, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. i Mills and Yards, Foster City, Michigan. ‘ TO ARCHITECTS ITH our magnificent collection of Oriental Rugs—the largest in America—backed by a long experience in interior decorating, we are enabled to afford to architects and owners unapproachable facil- ities for the selection of rugs for particular purposes. In supplying Oriental Rugs for private houses, hotels, clubs and offices we have been especially successful, our resources always meeting the requirements. An advantage we offer, quite distinct from the broad scope and notably select character of our collection, is the invariable assurance of the genuineness and proper valuation of each rug. This is due to our long-standing policy of purchasing all our Rugs in the Orient, after first subjecting them individually to the scrutiny of our own experts. a We make to order Rugs of any size, color and design, in Berlin, India, Aubusson, Savonnerie and Turkish weaves. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED peo J). SLOANE BROADWAY & NINETEENTH ST., NEW YORK arenes SS SIS See SS Yy SS American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4to. 11x 133 inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 [llustra- tions. 306 Pages Price, $10.00 SUMPTUOUS BOOK deal- ing with some of the most stately houses & charming | gardens in America The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, & are ‘@e : Zz :; beautifully printed reveowse, BeseRe es 7% ae on double coated Se a eee a paper. Attractively : bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year &F will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a lux- urious book on our American Homes. Munn & Company Publishers of ** Scientific American”? No. 361 Broadway NEW YORK SS SSSsg an tN AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS VERTEGRAND PRICE $500 Piano-Craft The Steinway embodies the original, creative thought and the hoarded piano-craft of a long line of born piano-builders who have devoted their lives to its perfection. This, ina wor, explains the mystery of its supremacy. The Steinway is greater than others because greater skill and genius and more concentrated effort have been put into its making than in that of all other pianos taken together. STEIN WAY upon the fall-board is more than a mere name; it is an absolute guarantee that not only are Steinway inventions and methods employed in its manufacture, but that it is really built by the Steinways, eight of whom are at present actively engaged in the business. When you purchase a Steinway, whether it be a Vertegrand at $500, or a Louis XIV at several times that amount, 7¢ zs a@ Stezmway from beautiful tone to artistic finish—a Stein- way pure and simple, requiring no mechanical devices or adventitious aids to recommend it. The latest, and in many respects the greatest, triumph of Steinway piano-craft is the Vertegrand. It can be bought from any authorized Steinway dealer, with cost of freight and handling added. ager Sag se STEINWAY & SONS ate Neen Steinway Hall 107 and 109 East 14th St. New York upon request and men- tion of this Magazine. December, 1906 PARA OAR IPTE SS EC TARA MIOT AS ES LE ti AT NIE, NOV 28 1906 AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year SON te Noe k DECEMBER, 1906 PAGI Sra ORN Irs GARDEN TOR — WOODLEAG eietrcrd cress pec can bac ek cw klc awe eee wc bee ned oaee 354 WON TEIN (COMIN a Le hls 2 See np Sn Si Cn 356 NoTaBLE AMERICAN Homes—‘Woodlea,” the Estate of Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard, SEDDON INS CCHe eigeeea ce kGae Sune PER CROne CSC ee By Barr Ferree 357 POM EC OUD RG A OUSE ak Gite ais) = he leia suse oe ona we cae es By Francis Durando Nichols 365 A PRINCETON House, THE RESIDENCE OF DR. DAvip MAGIE, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY. By Burr Bartram 370 [ERATHER FOR INTERIOR: DECORATION. ..-......0s00e008- By Phebe Westcott Humphreys Illustrated by 8. Walter Humphreys 374 5 TELS. DG IDIN? CODY LNCS Dee I ee oN ae By Sarah Comstock 377 Ounlinee MRS PANDY CRAIIS Go ae os hee. 2 cael d see c ns ceneees By Mary H. Northend 380 TS IPDISDNE OP SOILS: oi 2a 5 aes eee ea 382 ADTUD KE TULA? (Guat Te sos (CONCINUS, 2 een ean By §. Leonard Bastin 383 WISINCAIOUS, UNCIECTIONS a 2b: Gallas Si ee) SEE eae ea By Reneé Bache 385 IAOWe SOD WRENCHI@HERSES ARESIMIADE. 05 5’. os cacce as eee see eens By Jacques Boyer 388 | SEINOW STON MOI. WOR NOUALAS COS, m8 S Se 392 December in the Window Garden Helps to House Building The Kitchen New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. as oe i The Formal Garden of “ Woodlea,” Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard’s Estate, Scarborough, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume I =D )ecember, 1906 Number 6 The River Front of “ Woodlea,” Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard’s Mansion, Scarborough, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 Monthly Comment (ERY HE establishment of agricultural high schools i is coming to be looked upon as a valuable force in keeping the youth of the country upon the farm and thus, in a measure at least, away from the cities. That there is a e< remarkable trend of the young men of the country from the rural districts to the cities has long been obvious, and the movement has, long since, assumed such proportions that thoughtful men have become aware that some steps should be taken to check it. It has been pointed out, and with much truth, that the present tendency of all higher schools is toward fitting the students for a commercial life; in other words, the schools themselves act as an incentive toward bringing the country boy into the city. To those in serious search for an education this is unquestionably true; but the desire for education among the young is by no means so widespread or so urgent as it should be, and the number of boys who look upon the hours spent in the schoolroom as wasted and useless could probably be counted by the million. This really is the most serious question in primary education, and until this aspect of the case can be generally bettered the relationship of education to the country at large must remain more or less unsettled. The fact is, while the Ameri- can people undoubtedly regard education as a “good thing”’ —as evidenced by the immense sums annually disbursed for this purpose—the individual as a whole has not awakened to its value to himself and his children. This constitutes a national problem of the very gravest nature. The establishment of agricultural high schools will un- doubtedly widen the knowledge of scientific agriculture among our people, and hence be a help of the most valuable kind in making the rural population content with the land. When a man knows what he can do with land and what he can get out of it, he is apt to be more satisfied with labor upon it than when he attacks it with half-baked ideas as to what he is doing and what results he may obtain. The place of such schools in the general educational scheme is obvious. The first element is the consolidated rural school; then comes the agricultural high school; and, finally, the State agricul- tural college. It can not be expected that such a scheme will reach the entire agricultural population, for the expense of sending a boy through this series of schools will be consid- erable, and many parents will not be able to afford it; but the plan is an excellent one, and its development throughout all the States must, in the end, be exceedingly beneficial. But will agricultural knowledge, even when gained in spe- cialistic schools, keep the boys in the country and away from the overcrowded cities? ‘That, indeed, is the crux of the whole matter. In some cases it will help to do so; in many it will have no effect whatever; in others it may but whet the appetite for more knowledge which can only be had in the cities’ city schools. The attractions of the city for the country lad are quite without questions of education. To the country boy the city stands for everything that seems to him attractive in life. That is to say, it opens a road to possible wealth and it certainly affords an infinity of enjoyments. The latter aspect of the city is apt to have even greater fas- cination than the former, since it is often supposed that the enjoyments can be had hand in hand with the search after wealth. ‘There are, of course, a few people ready to certify that this is not so, but their very loudest preachments would have no effect on the country lad bound to enter where so Without ideas of amusing himself or oc- many have failed. cupying himself, the country lad pants for the city where he has but to look about him to see the most wonderful sights or where he may himself meet with astonishing adventures. Dull himself, he attributes his dulness to the quiet surround- ings in which he lives. It is true that in the regions near the large cities he has seen the country life adopted by city folk on a new and elaborate scale; but these fortunate people can return to town every day, take their dip into city adven- ture, and return to a quiet evening in the country. The city with its stupendous fascination is the lodestone that draws all country souls to it. Their own life they know; their own surroundings they are familiar with; but the city is the seat of an unknown existence, of the splendors of which they have a deep rooted and certain conviction. This is the real problem that country schools of every sort have to contend with; it is the situation that they must meet; it is the one thing they must overcome. It is a problem our educators as yet seem scarcely to have grappled with. A New York editor has been composing a eulogy on the American boy, and has found words in which to express some very agreeable ideas. The American boy of to-day, he says, ‘is not only less obstreperous and egotistical, but clearer and cleaner minded than the lad of twenty years ago. His ad- vance physically will be manifest to any one who will com- pare the figures in a class photograph of to-day with those of yesterday. He is taller, straighter, better featured, finer haired, handsomer and more like a thoroughbred in every way. The exercise to which much of this improvement is at- tributable may be no more zealous, but it seems to be less spasmodic, more consistent, and better adapted to its true pur- pose. As an inevitable sequence his habits have become more regular, improving in turn his manners. Altogether he has become attractive.” This is certainly very pleasantly put, and were not the editor’s paper intended for grown folk should lead to a con- siderable increase of circulation among the youngest readers. It would be interesting to know just how many people would agree with this estimate of the youngest generation. No doubt there are many charming young boys; but there is also a prodigious number of boy nuisances; and it is these, surely, that one most meets with in the streets, in the shops and offices, in the cars and in the crowds. We all know them, and we know them with such feelings that we often wonder if their own mothers love them. Perhaps they don’t alto- gether, and perhaps that is one reason why they seem so dreadful. But what kind of citizens will they make? CO-OPERATIVE apartments, while not altogether new, are being looked to as a help in the solution of that constant city problem, the avoidance of high rents. ‘The plan is com- paratively simple. A co-operative society is formed which purchases an apartment house containing, say, fourteen to twenty apartments. Each occupant rents an apartment, pay- ing a rent sufficient to meet interest and other expenses, and pays a share of the first purchase price. It is estimated that the second mortgage can be paid off in five or six years, and the first mortgage then liquidated or interest continued. “The promoters of one such scheme have provided for a board of governors chosen from the members of the colony whose function it will be to settle any differences between the ten- ants, and an overseer is provided to buy supplies and attend to the repairs. December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES .AND GARDENS 35 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree ** Woodlea,’ JHE hundreds of thousands of persons who annually pass up and down the Hudson River by the railroad that borders its eastern shore, are for the most part completely un- aware of the beautiful country that rises d sharply above them. The hillsides come down so steeply to the water’s edge that for many miles there scarce seems room for the railroad bed. And the gleaming waters of the Hudson and the towering fronts of the Pali- the Estate of Mrs. Elliott F. Shepard, Scarborough, New York eler thinks the outlook from his car window the chiefest of the river sights. The foot of the hills being cut away for the railroad, there is little to be seen on the land side. One knows, in- deed, that there are “‘Places” far up above, for all the world has heard of the splendors of the Hudson River palaces. But they are so far above the train that one can not so much as catch a glimpse of them, and unless a deliberate journey is made among the beautiful roads of Westchester County they 5 aN “fo yey Y —- The “Echo” sades beyond in furthest Jersey are so boundlessly attractive that many, no doubt, think these sights are the chief points of interest in the country through which they are traveling. In a sense this is true, for the overlook here is world- famous and one of the most beautiful in America. It is a scene of wonderful majesty and penetrating beauty, of sharp contrasts, too, for where else is the laughing water so broadly brilliant beneath such a frowning background as the Jersey Palisades? In itself well worth the journey, even though nothing else be seen, it is little to be wondered at if the trav- Portico Overlooking the River are apt to be little more than a name. there because they must be there below there is none at all. Yet the train-traveler, as he pursues his journey on the river’s edge, has a glimpse of the nature-beauty that the for- tunate residents on the river front have always. Surely if it is fine to see. this marvelous spectacle of nature at her best in one of her finest settings—to see this but once or twice, it must be incomparably finer to be able to see it always, to look at it daily from one’s windows, to nightly watch the sun sink We know they are - but of visual evidence from 358 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 Mrs. Shepard’s house is the climax and crown of the whole estate. It stands on a lofty eminence, overlooking a great stretch of country hol- lowed out below and beyond, and the rock bound shore of New Jersey in the furthest distance. There are many su- perb points of vantage within the estate, many fine points of view, many wonderful out- looks, but none so fine nor so sweeping as may be _ seen from the echo portico or any of the windows of the river front. It is a house of the vastest size. It is immaterial that it contains sixty-five rooms, of which twenty alone are for the use of the help, and six- teen bathrooms. ‘That these are impressive figures may be granted without dispute; but the more essential point is below that ridge of rock from one’s portico! It is a spectacle that it is a mansion to which the word ‘“‘grand” may be im- always present, always fine, always beautiful. Even this mediately applied. It is not only grand in size, but it is de- much can be seen and appreciated from the train; how much signed and built in a masterful manner that few houses ap- more complete, how much more ravishing, must it be when proach. And it is grand in its simplicity, having no unneces- seen from above? If ever there was a site used for human habitation that justified its use it is the hills above the Hudson River. I will not say that the situation of Mrs. Shepard’s house at Scarborough is the very finest on the river; but it is so supremely fine that one may want nothing grander, and many fortunate persons content themselves with less and consider themselves fortunate. The estate is a large one, having an area of more than five hundred acres. It is beautifully parked in the simplest manner. ‘That is to say, the fine old trees have been left exactly where they have been growing—many of them—before the memorable voyage of Henry Hudson opened his giant river to commerce. ‘There are immense stretches of rolling lawn that rise and fall like waves of green as they climb the hillsides or descend into gentle valleys. There is an immense spaciousness here, for the ex- tent of the estate is very large, and there is ample room for broad ideas carried out in the broadest way. The scale of the whole property is immense. The driveways—three miles of them—are spacious and superbly made; the trees are the trees of the old forest, proudly erect with the dignity of many years of successful growth; the lawns fairly lose them- selves in distant clumps of shrubbery or melt in for- est borders at the remotest points; the various parts of the estate—the house stable, the farm stable, the conservatory, the gardener’s cottage—are so widely distributed that one comes upon them unawares. And besides the great house there are several others, the charming ‘‘Villa,” red bricked, a mansion that well conceals its near a hundred years of existence beneath a drab painted brick, all so far removed from each other and the other buildings as to have distinct individuality and to stand, in a sense, quite alone in their own immediate surroundings of trees. The Hanging Gardens of Scarborougl Each Side of the Garden Has Its Own Stone Pergola Overgrown with Vines Vv December, 1906 AVWweeteGAN* HOMES AND GARDENS sary trimmings, but is de- signed in an extremely simple and straightforward manner that is exactly the way in which a house of this size, and so conspicuously situated, should be built. It is, in short, a large house designed in a large way. It has three main fronts. The entrance front is at right angles to the river, and is directly approached by the south drive which comes in at the south entrance, situ- ated near the southern bor- ders of the grounds. The river front overlooks the river, and here the part of the house devoted to the fam- ily is completely enclosed within a vast terrace, upheld by stone walls. In a sense this is a side of the house, and the somewhat lower structure A Pool and Fountain and Great Beds of Shrubs and Flowers Occupy the Center of the Garden that adjoins it—itself larger than most houses—is the servants’ wing. ‘The third front I call the inner front, since it is parallel with the river front. Here is the porte cochere and a minor entrance, and further on an enclosed yard con- taining the service entrance, a veritable front of entrances, 3» Elliott F. Shepard’s Hillside Garden each of its own kind and grade, individually treated. The main entrance front is an extremely dignified and stately composition; the middle brought forward the space of one window, with a small square porch in the center, reached by broad flights of steps. “he material and composition of this front dominates the whole house. The walls are of buff brick with sandstone trimmings; the columns and cornice of the porch are sandstone; the windows are enclosed within broad carved sandstone frames; with pointed pedi- ments below and flat hoods above. ‘The wall cor- ners are sandstone, and the third story is treated as an attic with a narrow string course at its base. A simple cornice crowns the whole. The river front is the most ornate of the three; for the house consists of a great family residence to the fourth side of which the servants’ wing is ap- plied in so simple a manner as to eloquently pro- claim its purpose. The front of the mansion proper overlooking the river has two pedimented ends, con- taining groups of windows—columns below, with an entablature carrying a balustrade, then simple groups of windows above. ‘The curtain wall be- tween them contains a semicircular portico, built wholly of stone, the entablature upheld by Ionic columns, and supporting a balustrade. A flight of semi-circular steps descends to the terrace and adds greatly to the monumental effect of this structure, which is designed in a palatial scale and carried out in the most sumptuous manner. It is covered by a low circular drum that emits a truly marvelous echo, an echo that responds to the stamp of the foot upon the brick pavement as readily as to the sound of the human voice. Of the inner front it is sufficient to point out that the wings that project on the river front but slightly are here developed as considerable structures. The part nearer the entrance front is more amply de- veloped than the other and has its own crowning pediment. The other wing is without the crowning feature, but has a central entrance of its own, v a pedimented porch. Vast as the house appears from without its truly 1906 December, MERICAN HOMES A’'N:D "GyASRSDIEINS I i A The Curtains are Yellow and Gold in Paintings Above the Doors. The Drawing-room is Ivory-white and Gold, with Let Lighted by Windows in Alcoves ’ Side of a Spacious Corridor Open on One “he Main Apartments T December, 1906 MieeeA Net OMES AND GARDENS The Main Hall Is White with Mahogany Doors. It Has a Coffered Ceiling and Vast Red Rug. iy TS ty sa Ti ho eset Te open iti raul | NERY pe an Tt AU HAC AE) AT | SMU ni i] A A ee eC cA pe Le ae wititi ce: cae ee a eS nun » £03 : Bl Or , : th hh Peele > ‘ a ere jai a> ven idan x & ‘ hook —- . \ eG \ mm ia oO HAM Coane — iF ch, Ai , jae pa 4 cone A. oe ue ° J i ee °, 7 = 3 “ ert s b, t er ; : # A . : ca ee, ait = 3 i i ; j ae ! t My rh iit eel Heit 7 aa eH aia Hitt t iH ‘ yf g were P53) pracazn t Ip) icf iebss he tdee - Or i) great size is only thoroughly apparent within. The rooms are everywhere large, many of them are immense; the ceilings are lofty, the windows spacious, the dimensions generous in every way. One may not real- ize this at once—certainly not in its completeness—but after one has passed through huge room after huge room, the fact becomes apparent that immen- sity is one of the chief charac- teristics. of this great house. Yet it is a beautiful immensity. There is charm.in these huge halls and vast corridors, in these enormous rooms and seemingly endless suites of apartments. Each has its own use; every- where advantage has been taken of the great size for stateliness of effect; it is not grandiose nor showy, it is simply grandly large, and large everywhere. The main door opens into. a square vaulted vestibule, walled throughout with yellow marble, highly polished. This leads directly into the main hall, which is an immense apartment, extending to the right and left. Immediately in face are the stairs, occupying the larger. part of the opposite wall, and lighted by a great triple window half way up their height. in wood, painted white, the corners and angles accentuated by pilasters, and the rich mahogany doors encased within monumental frames. All around the summit of the walls’is Mrs, Shepard’s Room Is the Largest Bedroom in the House AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS The hall is paneled to the ceiling - December, 1906 The Dining-room Is Mahogany with a’ Tapestry Frieze and Curtains a beautifully carved cornice, hand carved, like all the wood- work everywhere, and the ceiling is magnificently coffered and white like the walls. On the left is an immense fireplace and mantel of carved white marble, very beautiful in tex- ture; the chimney breast is supported by pilasters that en- close a carved slab above the mantel. There are some richly carved chairs and a great table here, and an enormous red rug covers most of the floor. On the left of the entrance door, with a single window opening onto the entrance front, is a small reception room in pink and white. Adjoining the stairs is a great bay where hangs an immense curtain. Beyond it stretches a corridor, that reaches down the side of the house; the principal rooms open from one side of it, while the opposite side con- tains windows that open onto the inner front. These windows are contained within alcoves or recesses, dividing the corridor into bays. Here again are the pilasters of the main hall, and its coffered ceiling. The openings of the alcoves are hung with heavy velvet cur- tains, while the windows themselves have curtains of salmon silk, very delicate and beautiful both in color and material. December, 1906 Three great rooms open from the corridor. ‘The first, nearest the entrance front, is the living-room. The wood is cedar, the wainscot, pilasters, cornice, door and window frames, and ceilings all being of this beautiful wood. The walls are paneled in green silk, which gives the predominating color to the rug and furnishings. ‘The drawing-room ad- joins the living-room and occupies the center of the main part of the river front. It is treated in ivory white and gold, the walls being paneled throughout in ivory white, with gilded moldings and ornaments. ‘There are richly interlaced gilded panels over the doorways with. paintings . inserted within them. The mantel is of mottled purple and white marble, and has a built-in mirror above it.. The richly gilt Vw 2 Cee .. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 30 nounced to be unnoticed. Everything that could possibly | imagined for convenience in serving is here in more than ample abundance. The pantry is almost as large as man} New York apartments, with a counter and wash bowls neath the window and great rows of glazed closets around the other walls. The kitchen and serving-room, the refrig erator and ice box, the various rooms for various distinct purposes, the servants’ dining-room—all these and many other rooms are here, with an ampleness almost overwhelm- ing and with fittings that leave nothing to be desired. Yet the rooms’of this great first floor are not exhausted. The breakfast room is green and white, the woodwork painted white, the walls covered with Nile green cloth. There ,saaada HOF wl The Inner Front Contains the Porte-cochere and a Minor Entrance Which Is Scarcely Less Stately than that of the Formal Entrance-front chandeliers depend from ornamental reliefs in the otherwise plain ceiling. The furniture is tapestry and gold and the rug is of light colors to harmonize with the general tone of the room. The curtains, both at the doors and windows, are yellow and gold. The dining-room completes this great suite of apartments. It has a high wainscot of mahogany, paneled in rectangles, above which is a broad tapestry freize. The tapestry curtains of the doors and windows are similar to it in tone and design, and, with it, give the color to the room. The ceiling is beamed with rather closely set beams and the cornice is mahogany like the other woodwork. The room is lighted by the clusters of lights applied to the wainscot. It seems hardly necessary to go beyond into the pantry and service rooms, yet the completeness of these parts is too pro- is a wood cornice and a cove below the ceiling. The wood mantel has facings of mottled white marble. Adjoining is the morning-room. It is finished in quartered oak, with walls papered in red stripes of two shades, one being very dark. There is a quartered oak wainscot and a white cor- nice. The curtains and furniture are red and gold. The library is a splendid apartment on the right of the hall and is entered directly from it; it is thus somewhat removed from the other great apartments. In a sense it is library and billiard room combined, since a billiard table stands in it. For the most part its walls are lined with bookcases, reach- ing almost to the tops of the doors. Above, the walls are covered with leather, applied in large square panel-like pieces. There is a richly coffered ceiling in red gold. The curtains are green and brown. 364 AMERICAN HOMES AND] GARDENS December, 1906 The Lofty Terrace Below the River Front is Upheld by a High Stone Wall, Handsomely Balustraded Most houses can be reviewed in a survey of the public apartments on the first floor. ‘This can not be said of Mrs. Shepard’s house. ‘The suites of bedrooms that fill the second and third floor offer quite as much interest as the great rooms below. The bedrooms are of various sizes, most of them being large, while Mrs. Shepard’s own room is actually im- mense. ‘There is a wonderful variety and singular good taste in the furnishings of these rooms. Each is distinct, each is very well done, and each has a charm of its own. The range of treatment varies considerably, the scale of decoration in some rooms being comparatively moderate while in others it reaches a very rich climax. This is especially so with the Moorish room, furnished in the Moorish style, with mantel and furniture inlaid with mother of pearl. The third story contains a children’s suite, with a large playroom. Mrs. Shepard’s estate is so large that the cultivated gardens constitute but a comparatively small part of the grounds. Necessarily they are located in immediate prox- imity to the house. The formal garden lies to its north and below the river front. Although built against the hillside it occupies a portion of a slope that falls far below it. Seen from below, therefore, it has all the characteristics of a hanging garden. The lower walls of the house are screened by a row of great cedars planted on the highest part of the garden. A great plateau or terrace has been built on the hill- side, and on it the formal garden has been made. It is formed by an immense rectangular space, in the middle of each of the four sides of which is a pergola, thickly over- grown with vines, and in the center is pool and fountain. Walks and beds of flowers and shrubbery, arranged in an in- teresting manner, occupy the whole of the remaining space, constituting a wonderfully brilliant and beautiful spot just below the house, separated from it, it is true, somewhat by its own individual level, but near enough to be readily visible from the windows of the river front. It forms an integral part of every aspect of the house as seen from this side, and of every outlook from its windows. And that it adds enorm- ously to the effect of this stately house need scarcely be added. 1906 December, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Small Country House By Francis Durando Nichols SMALL country house built for Henry F. Nell, Esq., at Chestnut Hill, Pa., forms the subject of the illustrations presented in these pages. The house, which is designed in the Eng- lish style, gives the expression of what an architect can do when he tries to attain the true domestic quality in his work and to give that feeling of home which is seldom found in the modern house. ‘There are so many things to be considered in the planning of a house of this character, and so many problems to overcome which make it more difficult, that its solution is the more interesting. One of the most important of these is the due relation in the house of the family rooms and the servants’ rooms. Under ordinary conditions of modern life these two separate communities must be accommodated under the same roof with due regard for the privacy and comfort of each; and so, the kitchen and servants’ rooms must be placed in such relation to the family sitting-rooms as to insure isolation and convenience of service; for in this connection it is not enough to consider the posi- tion of the rooms alone, but it is equally important that the various routes taken by the family and the servants should become an object of study, and should be kept as distinct as possible. In such a small house as is now illustrated, however, such a complete isolation of routes becomes impossible; but a reference to the plan will show how far this question has been found capable of treatment under the circumstances. The serving-r oom isolates the kitchen from the rest of the house, and the servy- ing - door obviates the necessity for carrying dishes through the hall, while the small ser- vants’ staircase also adds to the privacy of the hall. The re- lative position of the kitchen and ser- vants’ rooms sufh- ciently prevents the passage of sound, while the thorough ventilation of the kitchen by a shaft carried up in the flue, as well as the absence of direct communication with the family rooms, will prevent that permeation of kitch- en odors so often noticeable in a small house. The Service Entrance Has a Privet Hedge Which Separates It From the Rest of the Estate, and Which Is An Excellent Feature for the Small Country House Another important feature is the compact form of th house and the relative position of the rooms. In the averag house the introduction of much furniture becomes almost a necessity in order to distract the eye from the bare and unin- viting appearance of the rooms, but the artistic house, such as this is, with its well-proportioned rooms and simple fitments, will be found to require very little furniture in com- parison with the usual house of this character. The main entrance to the grounds, with its red brick piers and wooden gate surrounded with growing plants and shrubs, gives access to a winding walk by which the front porch is approached. A service-way direct from the roadway to the kitchen door has a privet hedge on either side of the walk, which is of sufficient height to prevent one’s being seen in passing from the street to the rear of the house. The design of the exterior is excellent, and its latticed win- dows and massive chimney lend character to the whole gen- eral scheme. ‘The underpinning and the first story are built of red Klinker brick. ‘The second story is beamed, forming panels which are covered with a rough cement caste of a cream white color, while the beams are stained a soft brown. The sashes are painted white. The roof is shingled and stained a brilliant red color. Taking the front door as the starting point for the con- sideration of the house, one is greeted on the threshold by a vestibule with a Welsh tiled floor, chestnut trim, and windows glazed with glass of green- ish blue which sheds a soft and pleasant light. An opening forms an_ entrance to the hall which is trimmed with old English oak. The walls are covered with a tapestry pa- per in green and yellow from the base to the height of the plate rack, above which they are treated with a deep buff. The fireplace, in the an- gle of the room, is built of red Klinker brick laid in red mortar with the fac- ings and hearth of a similar brick, and a mantel-shelf of good design. The staircase is in keep- ing, and is paneled up the side. At the front side of the hall is a_ paneled seat over which there is _ placed cluster of small lat- ticed windows. 366 The English Brick and Half-timbered Style is the One Adopted for This House. L[AUN®: 4-bxI3 1% | 4 WITCHEN YU x13 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Are Approached by a Winding Path Durlers ! Pan ut i cof Dining Loork IQS EO SEeVAN TS Poort UOxI¢.6 December, 1906 The Entrance Door and Its Terrace Ber Boore 12% 18-6 Der Loork 12X16 The Plans are Unusually Fine and Unique in their Arrangement and English Characteristics Predominate December, 1906 The Brick Chimney and the Lean-to Roof are the Architectural Features of the Side of the House The living-room is treated with old ivory white. The large bay-window at the corner of the room is surrounded with a window seat which is placed on a platform raised one step from the level of the main floor. The inglenook has a fireplace with green tiled facings, red brick hearth and seats on either side. Cupboards with bookcases built over and under the line of the mantel-shelf are built in and extend around the nook. Small spindle columns and a paneled over-mantel complete the treatment of the inglenook. ‘The wall is decorated with a yellow and white paper with har- monius effect. The dining-room is trimmed with chestnut, and the walls are covered with a golden burlap. A plate rack extends around the room, upon which are placed some fine old pewter plates and plaques. The chief charm of this room is its simplicity. It has a hard wood floor, highly polished, and without a rug. The furniture is unique, the dining- table being made from a copy of Moliere’s table. The inglenook, which is thrown out at an angle, has a hearth laid with large flat stones and facings of Klinker brick laid in white mortar to the height’ of four feet, above which the facings are covered with a blue and white tile representing old Dutch scenes. The old brass hood over the fire- place is quite a feature of its Dutch treat- ment. A broad seat is placed at one side of the fireplace, above which the wall is pierced by two small windows shedding a pleasart light over the inglenook. The small bay at the opposite end of the -room, with a cluster of latticed windows, forms a very attractive place for a breakfast table. A Dutch door opens on to the porch, which has a floor paved with large flat stones and a seat provided at one side. The butler’s pantry is. fitted with sink, drawers, and dressers, complete. The kitchen has an open fireplace with range resting on a red tile hearth, a sink dresser, laundry fitted with laundry tubs, larder, and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a stairway to the cellar and to the ser rooms in the second story. The staircase from the main hall a broad landing, which is provided paneled seat. A cluster of leaded gla: 1- dows in the design of a peacock, in blue and yellow, grace the landing of this staircase The servants’ hall and stairway open from the broad landing and forms the entrance to the servants’ room, which is placed over the A short flight of three steps leads up to the level of the second story hall, from which the three bedrooms and bathroom open. Each of the three bedrooms has ivory white trim. The front bedroom has a large alcove for the bed. Its wall decora- tion is in a mustard yellow, while the rear room is treated with yellow and green walls and is furnished with a bookcase and seat built in. The small room at the opposite side of the hall has a pine tree decoration in white and green on the walls. Each of the bedrooms has an open fireplace furnished with brick facings, tiled hearth, and mantel of quaint design in the Colonial style. The bathroom is furnished with porcelain fix- tures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. There is one large bedroom, trunkroom and bathroom on the third floor. A cemented cellar under the entire house contains a heating apparatus, fuel rooms, and cold storage. The planting which has been done about the house and throughout the grounds adds much to the beauty of the place and is a very happy and delightful setting for the house of which it forms a part. The beauty of a house in the country will depend, of course, almost exclusively upon this for the effectiveness of its exterior in relation to the conformation, the layout, and the planting of the surrounding landscape; and the attrac- tiveness of the interior of such a house will largely hinge on the effective and serviceable adaptation of its plan to those features in the immediate surroundings of the building which are of most practical and esthetic interest. laundry extension. A Quaint Modern Gate with Brick Piers on Either Side Forms the Main Entrance to the Estate AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 Va NRE se = The Hall, Which is Trimmed with Antique Oak, Has a Wall Covered with Old Tapestry Paper in Green and Yellow i [ OO ar ee De Seu bt." jbodedes ; j Gyno. I ar The Living-room Is Treated with Old Ivory White. The Inglenook with its Green Tiled Fireplace and the Bookcases and Seats Built on Either Side, Is the Feature of the Room December, 1906 Pavemmeve aN TOMES AND GARDENS 369 HE chief charm of the dining-room is its simplicity and its artistic furnishings. It is trimmed with chestnut, and its walls are covered with golden burlap. A plate-rack extends around the room on which are placed some old pewter plates. The furniture is unique, and the dining-table is a copy of ‘‘Moliere’s”’ table. HE Inglenook which is thrown out at an angle has a fireplace built of klinker brick. Delft tile are placed over the fireplace. The old brass hood hung over the opening is quite the feature of the Dutch treatment. A broad seat is placed at one side of the fireplace over which the wall is pierced by two small windows. 379 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 A Princeton House The Residence of Dr. David Magie, at Princeton, New Jersey By Burr Bartram HE name of Princeton appeals as it natur- ally does to the average man for its Uni- versity associations, for it is, of course, the most important feature of the town, as well as one of the foremost dominant forces in American culture. There is, however, an- other side to Princeton, which the keen observer will notice immediately upon entering it, and that is, the refining influ- ences of the residential side of its life, the atmosphere of which is felt throughout the town, for its charm lends itself with equal delight in its beautiful homes and gardens, as well as the cultured influences which are denominated by the University. Princeton is beautifully situated upon a high plateau rising from a steep vale at its approach and terminating in a lesser one at the other side of the town. It is a delightful spot, is well wooded, and has broad avenues lined with magnificent trees with their towering heads seeming to rise into the skies AY Wary aes nF i ed i BATT in loving remembrance of those early settlers who nurtured them and who made Princeton possible. Princeton also has her place in American history for it was on this hallowed ground that the battle of Princeton was fought during the Revolution. These interesting associations, together with the fine es- tates of which Princeton is also so proud, make Princeton so alluring, not only for the graduates of Princeton who for their love of the University have returned and built their homes there, but for those who are seeking a home site where there is a true domestic quality which is now seldom seen in the modern American home. This is what Princeton is; so when Dr. Magie returned to the place of his college life, he selected a charming site on what is called Library Place, just off the main avenue of the town, and has erected upon it a beautiful house. It is designed and built in the Jacobean style of architecture and is in keeping with its surroundings and environments. a ey The Charm of the F acade of Dr. Magie’s House Lies in Its Simple and Substantial Proportions December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Hall Has Paneled Walls of Oak from the Floor to the Ceiling, and a Very Handsome Carved Mantel A Facing of Caen Stone Surrounds the Open Fireplace Fine Old Sheraton Furniture of Mahogany Has a Very Excellent Setting, with the Walls of the Dining-room Finished with Pilasters and Carved Capitals also of Mahogany 372 AMERICAN HOMES AND "GARDENS December, 1906 hall, opposite the entrance, is a cluster of leaded glass windows beneath which is placed a paneled seat. The broad open fireplace, with its facings of Caen stone oe elegantly carved, and _ its - mantel with over-mantel ex- tending to the ceiling, is quite the feature of the hall. The staircase, which is placed in the stair hall, is built of oak with a balus- trade in the Gothic style. Beneath these stairs is a stairway to the cellar. The coat-room and lavatory are conveniently placed. The drawing-room is to the left of the entrance, and is treated in a combination of the Louis XV and Louis XVI styles. The walls have a low paneled wainscoting above which they are laid out in panels formed by plaster moldings; these panels are covered with a Dresden wall covering of dainty design. The whole is finished with a_ plaster molding of ornamental It is planned in the form of the elongated type with an character and the ceiling is similarly decorated. The broad entrance front which is divided into three parts, two of which open fireplace has facings and a hearth of Siena marble, and rise up into pediments while the central one contains the is finished with brass trimmings and a mantel handsomely entrance porch. ‘The wings on either side of this central carved, with a paneled over-mantel, in the center of which is portion of the house are recessed from the lines of the front a mirror. walls. The exterior is construct- ed of rock-faced pray stone with trimmings of dressed Indiana limestone. These walls are well pierced with many windows which are glazed with leaded glass. The whole building is crowned with a red slated roof which adds a touch of color to the house and blends well into the general color scheme. Entering the hall, which is a central one extending through the entire depth of the house, one does not see the staircase as is usually the case, for it is placed in a separate hall, apart from the main entrance hall. Both the hall and the staircase hall are trimmed with oak finished with an old Eng- lish treatment. The walls from the floor to the ceiling are paneled with similar oak and finished with a mas- sive molded cornice. The ceiling is beamed and ribbed in a handsome The Drawing-room Is Treated in the Louis XVI. Style. The Walls Are Paneled with Plaster Moldings manner. At the rear of the and Wall-covering of Dresden Design SIL Ba 4 ey mots a | Fre ee = : —caeeegee ‘seas a | | | aii ante is = mn PEOVERRLEDDE RUB aad The Library is Trimmed with Mahogany, and the Ceiling of Jacobean Style Has Ornamental Plaster Ribs December, 1906 The library is trimmed with ma- hogany, and has a wainscoting with de- corated leather walls above and the whole finished with heavy plaster cornice. The ceiling. is. o ft hie Jacobean style with ornamental _ plaster ribs, laid out in a geometrical form. The broad open fire- place has marble facings and hearth and a paneled mantel of simple but ele- gant design. French windows open onto the family porch boards, and sink complete. which is separated from the entrance porch and affords a private outdoor living-room for the family. The dining-room to the right of the hall, extending through AME RTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS ker erion Poort 19 X20 (4 best modern conveniences. Dr. Magie has Accepted the Jacobean Style of Architecture for His House 2) facings and hearth and a mantel of ma- hogany. The room is handsomely fur- nished with furni- ture of Sheraton style, with an old sideboard, center table, and chairs; the latter being copies of the orig- inal belonging to Governor Chase, of Baltimore, Mary- land. The butler’s pantry is fitted with drawers, dressers, cup- The kitchen, servants’ hall, and laundry have cross ventilation, and are fitted with all the pe ein” 5 The second floor is finished with white enamel trim and the depth of the house, is a very handsome apartment. It mahogany doors. This floor contains the owner’s suite, con- is trimmed with San Domingo mahogany, and its walls, from the floor to the ceiling, are paneled and finished with pil- sisting of two bedrooms, dressing-room, and a bathroom, all well provided with closets properly equipped, and two guest- asters with Ionic capitals, supporting a massive wooden cor- rooms and bathroom. ‘The servants’ bedrooms, three in nice which extends around the room. At each end of the room there are clusters of three windows placed over paneled seats, and at either side of which are china closets built in and glazed with leaded glass in diamond- shaped panes. The fireplace has marble number, and _bath- room are also on this floor and are over the kitchen ex- tension. The bath- rooms are furnished with porcelain fix- tures and exposed nickel-plated plumb- ing. Messrs. Cope and Stewardson, of Phil- adelphia, were the architects. 374 AMERICAN HOMES AND *SGAKDENS December, 1906 Leather for Interior Decoration By Phebe Westcott Humphreys Illustrated by S. Walter Humphreys CULPTURED leather, tooled leather, em- | bossed and stamped and pyrographic leather are conjuring terms for the interior decora- tions of to-day. What does it all mean— this flaunting of the magic leather wherever there is a demand for art, oddity, antiquity, or strictly new effects in the furnishing of homes or public institutions? A new state capitol building is erected, and the seals of the state are most elaborately executed in sculp- tured leather for its mural decorations. A palace is built for the multi-millionaire, and its stately magnificence dazzles one with the leather schemes displaying heraldic designs wherever there can be found a possible excuse for introducing them. Armorial bearings are most carefully and artistically executed in embossed leather for the home decorations of Mr. and Mrs. Newly Rich. A modest home is started in a country village; even here the leather fad penetrates, and the bride numbers among her most treasured possessions that wonderful wedding gift—a sofa cushion in leather pyrogra- phy. No college den is quite complete without decorative designs in tooled leather. The antiquarian searches the Panel Designs for Mural Decoration world over for a genuine fifteenth century chair of the sculp- tured leather of Monkish days, or the quaint stamped leather of the sixteenth century. New? Not at all! Sculptured leather is one of the oldest of artistic decorative materials. ‘The lapse has been so great, however, between its introduction and its revival, that the in- terior decorators of to-day are probably safer in claiming originality, and strictly new methods of decoration in leather work, than in any other field of decorative art. The earliest trace of the leather work now called ‘“Cor- dovan”’ is credited to the African Moors, who, before the eleventh century, introduced the craft into Spain. It was during the early days of the fifteenth century that sculptured leather became well known and executed. The monasteries of continental Europe comprised the field of these early efforts. The brothers who inhabited these monas- An Eighteenth Century Chair Covered with Italian Wrought Leather teries, though they had many routine duties in their religious life, had also abundant leisure for the tedious, painstaking work required in executing those intricate designs of the ear- liest sculptured leather. Before the days of Guttenberg— when the monks had the most leisure for these laborious branches of artistic decoration, bookmaking was a popular diversion; and it was natural that the covers of the huge volumes of those days should display the earliest examples of rare sculptured leather. Quaint chairs were the next to receive the attention of these old decorators. At first the chairs did not show the same careful work as that displayed in the book bindings. There was good reason for this—as expressed by an anti- quarian recently who is interested in the newest as well as the oldest samples of the art in leather. ‘Connected with the art of illuminating,” he writes, “these faithful savants—the Monks—achieved no little success with the binding of their volumes. The enormous labor expended on the contents justified bindings of substantial material, and they selected cowhide as warranting centuries of service. The wisdom of this is evidenced by the thousands of volumes still preserved. “These times were contemporaneous with the introduction of the Renaissance into England by Henry VIII, through his December, 1906 architect, John of Padua; with the foundation of the French Renaissance under Louis XII by Fra Giacondo and its de- velopment under Francis I, influenced by Seralio, and also with the best period of Italian Renaissance. “Like other arts which have been lost through the changes of time, this was allowed to lapse during the unruly days of the Reformation, for the firebrands of religious warfare left no time for tedious employment.”’ With such explanation to account for the early industry, the long lapse, and its very recent revival in this country, it is not surprising that artistic decorations in sculptured leather are so confidently set forth as an entirely new as well as novel decorative scheme. Imported hangings in leather, va- rious objects in the form of screens and furniture coverings, have for some time past been brought to this country from Germany. Yet the revival of this exquisite art is compara- tively new even in Germany, for after the art had remained An Eighteenth Century Chair Covered with Italian Embossed Leather lost for centuries it was not until somewhat over two decades ago, from 1881 to 1883, during the period of tremendous developments in the art industries in Germany that the art of leather sculpture was fully revived. ‘Then travelers abroad became enthusiastic over the beautiful results attained through the medium of leather sculpture for interior decora- tion in many European palaces; and a demand for this art industry was accordingly created in this county. Probably the extreme age of this industry in the United States might be safely placed at ten or fifteen years. It is much more re- cently, however, that the new industry has been established in this country, sufficiently to warrant the branching out that includes the wonderful scope of leather decoration in vogue to-day. Philadelphia and New York have taken the lead of American cities in popularizing this art. The first estab- lishment devoted entirely to interior decoration in sculptured leather was established in Philadelphia by a German art stu- dent who found the industry tremendously popular and profitable in Hamburg, and realized, from the demands of American travelers, its certainty of success here. Since its AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Big Bronze Nails are Used With the Leather to Complete the Decorative Effect 375 recent introduction in this country rapid strides have been made in having it recognized by an appreciative public. In all large cities throughout the United States the revived art is being established. In studying the effect of sculptured leather for the interior decoration of public buildings, no better example could be cited than that of the new State Capitol at Harrisburg. Not only have the sixty-seven seals of Pennsylvania counties been most exquisitely wrought in sculptured leather, but in the Governor’s reception room the immense wall surface shows one of the rarest effects in marvelously executed leather sculp- ture in this country—this includes eight enormous panels rep- resenting the eight chief industries of Pennsylvania. For home decoration the elaborate designs for wall finish- ings are simply innumerable. The owner of a palatial home, if he possess artistic instinct, endeavors to have all his wall designs characteristic and emblematic. Panels of sculptured ae TEED CR Eee An Antique Leather-decorated Chair Preserved in Philadelphia’s Memorial Hall leather are set in place to form a continuous design through- out the entire wall surface, the frieze and ceiling continuing the leather scheme in heraldic or conventional flower design. When the sculptured leather of the wall and ceiling decora- tions display intricate detail, the leather chairs and other furnishings are magnificently plain by way of contrast. Fre- quently the greater part of the wall surface of a spacious dining-room or “den” will display rich panelings of choice woods; while the mural decorations in leather will be con- fined to a great depth of elaborate frieze, representing hunt- ing scenes and woody trophies, and field and meadow flow- ers will complete the characteristic finish of the ceiling. When adjoining rooms are finished in the same general de- sign in sculptured leather—with only a change in the hunt- ing scenes or the ceiling effects to give desirable variety— embossed leather hangings are frequently used for the door- way portieres. Another popular decorative idea is found in the three-fold screen showing heraldic designs of some fa- mous hunting scene, set before the doorway, while the top is finished in an artistic arch or curve with the beaded effect of bronzy glowing nails holding the sculptured leather in place. 376 It is scarcely possible to enumerate the varied uses for this art leather work after leaving the field of extensive and mas- sive mural decorations. Characteristic draperies, emblematic mantel panels, tabourettes, waste-paper baskets, book shelves, and screens of every description, and for every possible form of usefulness, are found in a variety of decorative forms dis- playing the popular finish in sculptured or embossed leather aa A Conventional Design for Wall Pockets in Sculptured Leather in modern palace homes throughout the land. In the unpre- tentious homes where all that is newest and best in art is thoroughly appreciated without the means of gratifying all desires in this direction, perhaps only one or two designs in sculptured leather will be found. Quaint chairs in sculptured leather that show unusual merit in artistic finish are usually the choice in selecting these limited household treasures. Designs executed in the popular pyrography, quaintly drawn tracings of tooled leather, and rare bits of sculptured and embossed and stamped leather, are found among the leather-covered cushions of the modern cozy corner. Even the wall pockets for papers and documents in library or den are finished in clever imitation of the old-time stamped leather, and occasionally a rare piece of genuine antique stamped leather is discovered among these curious antique wall pockets. A stately country seat in course of erection was recently visited in which the artists were putting on the finishing touches in a leather decorated den. The leather for a small panel was selected to illustrate the method of working out the intricate designs. On a part of the firm skin there was merely a delicate tracery showing the outline. Where the work was a little further advanced this outline had been picked and loosened with a small sharp instrument so that the raised effect could be easily secured when ready for the process of sculpturing. After the design has been entirely finished by the picking process and the outline cutting, the leather is thoroughly dampened and softened by wetting on the under side. ‘Then, with a tool prepared for this purpose, the sculpture design is pushed up and out into relief: the previous cutting of the outline making this possible without AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 drawing or twisting the background of the figures. The true artistic instinct must “be displayed in the firm touch and the individuality expressed in this process of pushing out into relief the intricate design. It is this process that distinguishes the sculptured leather from that which is ‘‘tooled’’ or em- bossed. The filling in of the background with the usual com- position of glue, sawdust, etc., is a mere incidental; any one with true mechanical instincts may accomplish this after the work of the artist is finished. The entire process seems to offer very few complications as explained and illustrated by the leather worker; but like many other artistic accomplishments, the apparent ease with which the design grows into beauty in the hands of the ex- perienced worker, quickly changes to a discouraging mass of hopelessly intricate and meaningless lines and crude projec- tions in the hands of the novice. Beyond the mechanical treatment of the experienced leather worker, and the artistic finish of experienced sculptur- ing, a very high grade of art is required in forming the de- signs for sculptured leather. A fairly successful artist, with a thorough knowledge of perspective, a stickler for individ- uality, and one who thoroughly appreciates, and grasps with- out effort, character studies and emblematic designs, will find these requisites indispensable; but something more will be re- quired of him. He must possess a thorough knowledge of armorial bearings, and a comprehensive understanding of heraldry. In fact he must have all the natural instincts and the cultivated talents of the artist in other lines, and in addi- tions to these requirements a fund of knowledge seldom de- manded by the profession of art work with brush or chisel. It is a matter of frequent surprise to the leather decorator —accustomed though he may be to strange requests from his pa- trons —to note the quaint ideas as well as the inspirations that will occur to one in search of novelty, or of something decidedly out of the common in the decoration of his home. For instance, just the other day, from one of the most aristocratic suburbs of a conservative city, came the request from a patron of wealth and true artistic instincts, to have his massive bil- liard room entirely fin- ished in sculptured leather representing scenes from his favor- ite hunting club. One huge panel of the mas- sive wall surface dis- plays a ravishing view of the fine old club — house fitted out with all the paraphernalia of the huntsman. Trea- sured hounds, photographed from life, are most charmingly executed in sculptured leather to form another great panel. A famous charger, with nostrils extended and thrilling action expressed in every line and curve of the body, fills another panel, and so on throughout the great room—panel after panel is expressive of the delights of favorite hunting fields and all beautifully executed. An Intricate Design in Sculptured Leather December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “ ~] The “’Dobe” of To-day By Sarah Comstock of California sunshine, the “ ’dobe’’ house of to-day presents a picture that is all warmth and hospitality, and a riot of color into the bargain. The Californian paints as only Nature and her lineal descendants, the tropical peoples, dare to paint. He will top his glittering cream-colored structure with red tiles and trim it with green; build it against an unsoftened background of dazzling blue sky and turn loose upon its lawn a herd of glaring poppies that are a mass of yellow blossom by the second year’s growth. The Gringo, not content with gobbling California from its Spanish inhabitants, must needs gobble their architectural Angels, shows Mission homes on every residence street. left for anything so practical and lasting as a roof to cover him. He was accustomed to scatter his silver by the handful at every fandango and wedding, and his bank account never warranted a handsome home. His follower, who, accord- ing to our custom, is well content with bestowing a dozen silver spoons or a rose bowl upon the average wedding has often put a neat fortune into his so-called adobe house. The great majority of the wealthy home makers of California are building in this style, and spending in that building sums that would make the old Padres gasp could they see whither their example has led. Los Angeles, the southern city of the The famous Orange Grove Avenue of Pasadena, that Mecca of midwinter summer seekers, is lined with these modern An Altadena Residence Built of Stone and Cement ideas also—and of course he has done what the American has not always done, improved upon those ideas. The first Spanish monks, headed by the long dead and honored Father Junipero Serra, built the adobe Missions and taught the peo- ple to build homes for themselves in like manner. The style was durable, they said, and well adapted to the climate. The American caught the ideas of durability and suitability and proceeded forthwith to carry out the old Mission scheme of architecture in his own way. The result was a wonderful and beautiful array of ‘‘Mission”’ houses as they are called—now the typical homes of the Golden State. The extravagant Castilian of early days had little money ‘“dobes.”’ Santa Barbara, Redlands, San Diego, Monterey, and of late San Francisco, have blossomed into this gay style of building. The modern architects have long since departed from the severity into which the monks disciplined their Moorish architecture. The Moor taught the Spaniards to build. The principles of that form of construction were brought by the early band of Padres to the Pacific coast, but poverty and their religious beliefs caused them to select the useful prin- ciples of that architecture and let the ornamental, or at any rate, the ornate, go. The architect of to-day is not hampered by poverty and asceticism. For his ideas he has gone back AMERICAN The House of Mr. J. Parkinson, Los Angeles, California to the Missions, and still farther back, to the Moorish build- ings before them. Sentiment for the traditions of the state and a love of beauty have probably been at the bottom of this ‘‘ dobe” uprising. However, for those who want a practical explana- tion, the architect submits the theory that no style of building is so well adapted to the semi-tropical climate. “The Padres realized that brick withstands the summer’s heat. It is quite as true that it shuts out the winter’s cold, so there seems to be no reason why it should not be as comfortable in any part of the United States as on the coast where it arose. The original buildings were of adobe, which was a brick baked in the sun. As the new buildings are made of ordinary brick, there is no legitimate reason for their name. Up-to- date cement laid upon the bricks takes\the place of the prim- itive plaster which the Spanish used. The finish is of cal- cimine just as it used to be, so the modern wall appears an excellent copy. ‘The light color of the calcimine reflects the light and adds to that glaring whiteness for which California is noted—a boon to sun-lovers and to oculists. The Fathers were accustomed to choose an open spot for their site, probably for the sake of giving a broad, sunny exposure to the olive orchards with which they surround- ed their Missions. ‘The modern Californian copies in this point, for it is the fashiontolet nothing hinder sun and air from reaching a house in that land where neither cold nor heat are severe. Instead of a mass of shade, it is customary to sur- round the houses with flower beds, and with lawns that are both ex- pansive and expensive, for grass does not flourish voluntarily in that state. The characteristic Mission was a series of buildings arranged in quadrangular form surrounding an inner court or patio. Most of the HOMES ANDY GARDE WS December, 1906 present-day houses are not exten- sive enough to carry out this form, but occasionally the patio is found. Casa de Rosas (House of Roses), the home of Miss Alice Parsons, in Los Angeles, is one of these. Its patio is surrounded by a two-story house; a balcony faces the patio and over this wind the rose-vines that give the house its name. Its arcade is charmingly picturesque but incorrect, by fault of the frail pillars that defy the law of massive- ness. ‘The pillars of all the old missions were very heavy. Many of the modern structures fail as imitations through their lack of solidity. [The monks aimed at massiveness. ‘The Spaniards, their followers, taught by them, achieved a heaviness of proportion even in the smallest and most modest of their adobe houses. Another prominent feature of the Mission building was the outer corridor which ran the full length of at least one side of the four. Here the monks paced in the sun- shine which streamed in between the simple, massive pillars. Crumbling San Fernando, snuggled in its valley, shows this design. Stately Santa Barbara, the best preserved and most prosperous of all, shows it. Santa Inez, San Miguel, La Purisima Concepcion, San Antonio de Padua, all have the outer corridor. ‘The best example of this in a modern house is in the Burrage residence at Redlands. ‘The corridor of this runs around four sides of the house and serves as ver- anda, being broad enough for hammocks, easy chairs and couches. The slope of the ground causes it to be somewhat elevated on one side; from it the terraced lawn slopes away down a miniature hillside set out with flourishing little orange trees that make the air sweet with their blossoms’ perfume during part of the year and the landscape gay during the later months when they hang out their bright yellow lanterns among the branches. The house of the artist Paul de Longpreé offers a sugges- tion of the outer corridor. It is a scant one, however, as the arched walk extends down only a part of one side of the \ Raaseee acite a? a Se aes C toteRe Sek Rot Af ed ee ee ee ee od y reg ray, if t a = House of Brigadier-General H. G. Otis, Los Angeles, California December, 1906 house. What it lacks in extent it makes up in elaboration. The arches are adorned with the most delicate of stucco work. model: the pillars are broad at the base, slender at the top, spreading into a curved arch above. He has returned to the Moorish arabesque which the Mission fathers renounced as too worldly. Beyond the elementary form of the Moorish aich the Mis- sions did not go in ornamentation, and even this did not ap- pear in all of them by any means. San Diego and San Luis The Patio at Casa de Rosas Rey, two of the wealthiest, show the arch at its best. It is a feature of many of the new houses. The houses of de Longpre at Hollywood, Harrison Grey Otis at Los Angeles, Stewart at Pasadena and Burrage at Redlands display fine examples of the arch. The most beautiful feature of the Missions was the inner corridor, built around the quadrangular court and offering the priests a secluded walk in the air and sun. None of the private houses are extensive enough to make this feature practicable, but it has been beautifully carried out in Stan- ford University. Its inner corridor, extending completely around the court, measures a walk of a quarter-mile. Very few pretend to put up a Mission house without roof- ing it with the curved red tiles that are typical of the early years. Without them the gay color scheme would be incom- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The designer chose the appropriate palm as his: 379 plete. Only a few display shingles. The early tile was in U form; modern cleverness has found that it can achieve the same effect by molding a tile in S form and making one tile cover both the upward and downward curve. Those who cling to historical accuracy insist upon the wide, projecting eaves. ‘The Los Angeles home of J. Parkinson shows a marked example of these eaves. The true Mission imitator builds his home only one story in height, but few home owners are willing to sacrifice space to history. [he one-story idea is being made use of in sev- eral public schools, which are not only true to their model but in accordance with the latest theories on school building. A resident of Altadena has built his home with a first story of stone such as some of the wealthiest missions were fortunate enough to have instead of adobe. The stone walls of Santa Barbara measured six feet in thickness: these were made firm by but- tresses of solid stone. An Altadena home has left the stone in view instead of covering it with the cement and calcimine, so that the color effect is unique. Deep chocolate trimmings and brown shingles soften the glare of the light cement. The effect is very subdued as compared with most houses of the school, which show the bright red roof, and, in some cases, the strong green trim- mings such as are found in foreign countries. One bit of realism in the shape of a Los Angeles cottage went so far as to surmount itself with a tiny bell tower and even a swaying bell which peeps through the four openings just as the bells of Santa Barbara and San Buenaventura do. The cottage is built only one story in height, possesses a tiny rose-covered arcade and is surrounded by palms and orange trees. Within, those who care for realism are furnishing these Mission homes in the simplest and most severe styles. The demand for Mission furniture for them has been great: some insist upon upholstering the chairs with interlaced strips of rawhide as in the early days. One San Francisco architect has entered a protest against the introduction of Moorish elaboration in the modern buildings, and has designed several houses according to the rigid severity of the simplest Missions. But there is little sign of this fashion going far. An opposing architect says, “So long as we imitate all the beauties of the Padres’ build- ing, why should we not add the lavishness of adornment that wealth now makes possible?’’ And, as it appears, the great majority of California home-builders agree. a oN i YAMA NN ANIEY 380 /jOld Time Ar aod o JHE revival of the old-time handiwork is no mere fad. It seeks to reproduce by modern fingers the articles that our great grand- mothers wrought with greatest care and completed after days and weeks of labor. The twentieth century looks back on the past and what it did with admiring and approving eyes, for true art is found in much that was then accomplished. Often the productions were of the simplest designs, and this very simplicity appeals to those who have the artistic sense not yet confused by the conglomeration of articles turned out by machines in such quantities that there can be no personality and no chance for individuality in any of them. Some moderns, while able to prate of art, having a com- mand of language yet a scarcity of ideas, are disdainful, for instance, of the blue and white bedspread, that made a part of every girl’s wedding outfht a hundred years ago and now acts as couch cover or portiere in some home of her descendants. They will say, perhaps, that the pattern is ‘so common,” the colors merely blue and white, and will prefer the mixture of hues in the fabric the machine has turned out by the gross for the admiration of the multitude. Such do not know that the blue is unfading, for the old- fashioned dye, made at home after the formula so ancient that its originator is un- known, will last as long as the fabric to which it gives the hue. A hundred years for one of these bedspreads is but a day compared with modern articles of the kind. One such, in the possession of the writer, was made over a hundred years ago. ‘The wool was grown on the home farm; it was spun by the whirring wheel turned by a woman and was dyed and woven by the women of the household all unaided. It AMERICAN HOMES AND? GARDENS is EB December, 1906 ion served them in their day and was handed down to one of their descendants until now it is an ornament for the home of the great-great-grandchild. Not a thread is worn, not a stitch is broken, the colors are unchanged and no doubt, un- less the careless housewife allows the moth to fret its folds, it will last for three generations more and be a joy forever. Its very simplicity is its strongest appeal for admiration. The modern critic, accustomed to what he considers more artistic designs, forgets that these early workers copied what they saw about them. ‘The oak leaf, the log cabin, the her- ring bone, the star, the hexagon and other simple geometri- cal figures, the rising sun, the goose track—these were com- mon enough and reproduced on various articles became ‘“‘con- ventionalized”’ by people who knew not the word in the way it is used to-day, and are still beautiful. Nobody can im- prove on the old “blue and white” spread, though when sleeping under its weight ‘“‘such dreams would come,” no modern mortal would wish to repeat the experiment. A Finished Quilt December, 1906 Machines turn out lace to-day in a countless number of yards and in patterns as many as the sands on the seashore, but one length of handmade lace is worth a whole year’s product of the factory. To-day girls and women have revived the art of lace making and are able to earn a fair wage by such labor. They make it just as did our great-grand- mothers in the eighteenth century, as they do in the nun- neries and wayside cottages in the old world to-day. In Ipswich, Mass., they still preserve the lace pillows and the bobbins that were used by the lace makers before the Revolutionary War. Not as a pastime, but as an industry, was this lace work carried on, and some fortunate young women, during the last year, have worn as part of their wed- ding costumes some of the lace their great-great-grand- mothers ordered from similar lace makers, and woven when they too were married. Among these old laces is the “needle point,” but the bob- bin or pillow lace was more commonly made. The pillow was round, stuffed with hay, and covered with some dark material. The pattern of lace was pricked out on parchment and fastened to the center of the pillow. The long pins outlined the pat- tern and the threads on the bobbins were knotted around them according to its varying figures. As the lace was made, its length fell into a little bag at the side of the pillow to keep it clean. The rattling of the bobbins — sometimes a hundred in all, for each sep- arate thread must have one, and each mesh of the lace had its own thread—min- gled with the chatter and laughter of the workers, for in the days of the Puritans there was love making and gossip, just as there is to- day. The patterns were copies of those seen in the lace brought from “‘over sea,”’ or as in other handiwork weave the reproductions of some- thing near at hand. Jack Frost wrought on a window pane a fantastic picture in which a cunning worker found a pattern. Other simpler designs were known as “‘the fan,”’ “‘hen’s comb,” and ‘‘double ten.” In the olden time, the children were taught the easier forms of lace making and their proficiency increased as they grew older. It is said that the best way to learn lace making is to watch an expert. The various stitches had almost as many different names as the patterns, and to learn those was a necessary part of the lace maker’s training. It is this old- time lace making that has been revived and with success, adding a new industry for girls and women and one they enjoy. Everything is embroidered this year and among the pat- terns is the English open work which is an exact copy of the popular style of a hundred years ago. Much of this is now done by machine, but the woman who can afford it must have the real hand work and this opens a paying industry for deft fingers. Perhaps some of the workers have inherited such from some dead and gone ancestress who adorned her gar- Ave ueAN SaOMES AND GARDENS 381 ments with “eyelet’’ work and “‘scallops,”’ and beautified her collars and under-sleeves with the same sort of embroidery as is used to-day. For our grandmothers had no other way of making their “lingerie,” as we call it, beautiful, except by their own work, and much of it was so fine and delicate that one wonders how it could have been done by human fingers. I know one family which has a christening robe and cap wrought by loving fingers for a baby who became a great statesman and passed out of life fifty years ago. It has a delicate scroll work amid flowers, leaves and tendrils and is exquisite, though yellowed by time. The men in the days of old did not disdain embroidery, as is shown in a handsome linen shirt made for a wealthy Salem, Mass., merchant prince. It is of fine linen with a dainty em- broidered ruffle, and with the same pattern on the collar and the cuffs. Not even a skilled worker to-day could reproduce such exquisite stitches, because a hundred years ago the chil- dren were taught its first principles at their mother’s knee Teaching the Mysteries of Needlework and to do it with the greatest care. To hem, even a pocket handkerchief, was a task of no little moment. There was no sewing machine to run them off at almost lightning speed; each stitch was made with the greatest precision. The threads in the fabric were counted in the hemming, one took up two threads for a stitch, then left two and took up two more. The gathers, which are again used on gowns, meant equal precision and care. “What a lot of time wasted!” exclaims a modern, hurry- ing woman, who never has time enough for anything. Yes, but the motto of our ancestors was, ‘‘Whatever is worth doing, is worth doing well,” and the truth of it is shown by the articles they left behind them, many of which are as good to-day as they were a century ago. Another old-time handicraft is the knitting of stockings by the women of the family, of fine wool and cotton for themselves and of coarser material for the men folks. For their own wear, for Sunday best, they were knit in various patterns, including the ‘‘open work’? for warm weather. Rug-making After the Manner of Colonial Times Often for their wedding wardrobe (the word trousseau was not then used) these were of white silk or imported thread, and if the lover happened to be a sailor boy, a shell pattern was used. A rose pattern was another favorite, or a drop stitch. ‘There is something fascinating about knitting and it takes some skill to shape a stocking properly. This can never become a paying industry commercially, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 Lace-making as the machines turn out such good work; yet a girl while knitting is most attractive and Cupid is often a good pay- master though he uses needles instead of darts as a medium of exchange. Besides it is quite the fashion to knit golf stockings of coarse yarn for one’s best beloved. Physicians often prescribe knitting to relieve nervous patients, so it can not be said that this handicraft is entirely lapsed. The Poisons of Soils ONSIDERABLE evidence has been ac- cumulated during recent years to show that the cause of the failure of some soils to produce satisfactory crops may be ascribed to unfavorable conditions produced in the soils by the plants themselves. It is thought that cae the growth of the plant certain unknown organic substances are given off which, when they accumulate in the soil to any extent, are harmful to the further growth of plants of the kind that produced them. It is possible that some of the benefits known to arise from systematic crop rotation may be explained on this basis. These harmful sub- stances seem to be disposed of rapidly by certain soils, us- ually those in which organic matter is readily converted into humus. Other soils, usually marked by a lack of the brown carbonized organic matter, do not seem to possess this prop- erty of removing harmful products to such a degree. This idea is in accord with common experience, that dark-colored soils, well filled with organic matter, are very productive. In connection with the study of these poisonous organic productions, it has been found that they may be destroyed or at least rendered harmless in a variety of ways. Barn- yard manure or decaying organic matter, such as a green crop of rye or cowpeas, turned under, has a very marked effect in freeing the soil from them. Almost all of the com- mon commercial fertilizing materials act more or less in the same way. Commercial fertilizers for soil improvement have, therefore, another value besides adding plant food. Thorough and complete airing of the soil will often destroy or overcome these poisonous substances. ‘The beneficial ef- fects of plowing and of thorough surface tillage are thus explained, in part at least, on the basis of the thorough aeration secured. When the same crop is not grown oftener than every three or four years on the same land the in- jurious substances a crop throws off seem to have time to disappear before the same crop is grown again; hence the benefit from crop rotation. When the soil is well supplied with humus there is seldom any trouble from this source, and the same crop may be grown year after year with good yields, though continuous cultivation of the same crop may invite injury from certain insects and fungous diseases which live over in the soil or in the remains of the crop and offer injuries to the soil against which it is not always possible to provide remedies. 1906 December, AtioiwroAN UHOMES AND GARDENS 383 The Cult of the Cactus By S. Leonard Bastin FTER all it must be admitted that Cacti together with the allied succulents are plants of more than ordinary interest. Always 6) quaint in their manner of growth, and ex- @ hibiting an amazing range of form in the {Ex different varieties, many of the Cacti in ad- digion are mane of the most lovely flowers—blossoms which in form, color, and fragrance often surpass anything that could be imagined. Over and above all, almost without Wy exception, Cacti are of simple culture, flourishing under con- ditions which any gardener can supply. + A cool glass-house, b¢ The Smallest Potted Plants in the World Diminutive Cacti. which in winter is heated to a moderate degree, will meet the needs of these plants in northern latitudes, while in more favored climes they will succeed out in the open. It is generally supposed that Cacti, as a whole, flower only at the rarest possible intervals. This is a great mistake, for as a matter of fact many of the varieties blossom annually, and even twice in the year. Of all the groups, the Phyllo- cacti flower more freely than any others. These plants are distinguished by their flattened stems, and as all the species have received a good deal of attention from the florist within recent years there are many splendid varieties now obtainable. A Typical Cactus Cutting The thanks of all Cactus lovers are due to the late Mr. John Nicolai, a German enthusiast who made it his special care to improve the Phyllocacti. Some idea of this specialist’s interest in the matter may be gathered from the fact that when he died recently he left behind him about twelve thou- sand specimens of this particular group. The colors of the blooms of the Phyllocacti range through all shades of red and yellow down to the purest white, while the flowers are particularly perfect in form. The Sea Urchin Cacti or chiefly on account of their strange shape. remarkable Of course in the Echinocacti are A Fine Collection of Cacti Including a Splendid Specimen of the Giant Cactus different members of the group there is a great diversity, but the general form is somewhat spherical, the plant as a rule being armed with dense masses of prickles. Many Echino- cacti bear gaily colored flowers, but these are scarcely so finely formed as is the case in other groups, as for instance the Epiphyllums. All the kinds of this class are exceedingly floriferous, and bear great masses of bloom, each blossom of which is most elegant in design. BZ. \\ A Fine Echinocactus AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS December, 1906 The Old Man (C. Senilis) Numbered among the group known as Cereus are many interesting species. First and foremost must be mentioned the giant of the whole family C. giganteus, a native of the Mexican deserts. As this plant under natural conditions will grow to the height of eighty or ninety feet it may be imagined that really large examples are out of the question in glass-houses. The Old Man (C. senilis) is a species always worth growing, as the plant itself is an object of great beauty at all times. A fine example of this variety is thickly covered with silken hair which strongly resembles the white locks of an old man. The most interesting of all the kinds which go to make up the genus Cereus is the “Queen of the Night” (C. grandiflorus), a plant which in habit is one of the most curious in the world. ‘This species A Huge Specimen A Giant “ Old Man” Cactus West Indian Turk’s Cap Cactus bears large white blossoms, which are deliciously fragrant, and the strange part about these flowers is that they do not expand until between eight and ten o'clock in the evening, while they are quite over by three the next morning. “Thus each particular bloom does not at the most last more than six hours, and is not to be seen except in the dusk or by artificial light. The propagation of Cacti from seed is one of those things which require an immense amount of patience. Most of these plants are naturally slow growers, and the time needful to produce a flowering-sized plant from seed would in many species be as much as the span of a man’s life. Most people will prefer to adopt the method of raising fresh plants from cuttings, and this is a very simple matter indeed. Practi- cally any healthy portion of a Cactus will grow, and at almost any time of the year, if it be placed in some sandy soil and kept in a moist condition. Fairly large plants can be grown in a short time. The writer pro- duced a splendid Phyllocactus albus, which blossomed magni- ficently in three years. Of course this may seem to be a long time, but it is really a very short period in the life of a Cactus. A charming hobby, and one which is largely followed by German ladies, is the collection of miniature Cacti. As has been mentioned any part of a Cactus will take root, and this habit has been turned to account. Very small pieces of the succu- lent stem are rooted and then placed in tiny pots, scarcely so large as a thimble. With a lit- tle care not to over-water, these dainty plants will not increase rapidly in size, and yet will re- main in a healthy condition. although they will not flower. December, 1906 ECENT investigations appear to show that it has been a mistake to suppose that the venom of the cobra was the most deadly animal-poison known. It now seems that there are multitudes of existing creatures ? much more toxic in proportion to their size. It is fortunate, indeed, that they are so small; for certain species of the warrior-ants of the tropics, for example, if greatly magnified in size, would be among the most danger- ous of living things, because of their extreme ferocity, the severity of their bite, and the extraordinary intensity of the poison with which they are armed. It is only of late that the poisons carried by insects have been studied, and thus it happens that all existing knowledge on the subject is extremely new. But, when the matter is investigated, it is surprising to find how extensively venom is utilized by animals of this class all over the world. Natur- ally, it is the large and conspicuous forms whose possession of this weapon chiefly attracts attention; and its formidable character may well excite notice when observation is directed, for instance, to such a creature as the tarantula-killer (a “Ys: YY: 4 RENE BACHE AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS species well known all over the southwestern part of the United States), which by its sting is able to paralyze the largest spider as quickly and completely as though an electric shock were administered. In speaking of the “largest spider,’’ one should realize that these arachnids—commonly called tarantulas in the Southwest, when referring to the great “trapdoor” species— occasionally attain a weight of three-quarters of a pound. A specimen of such size would easily cover the largest dinner- plate without stretching its legs unduly. ‘There is at least one species in the tropics that catches and devours small birds. And yet the tarantula—which spins no web, but occupies a house built of mud, with a door set on a spring in such a way as to close automatically, showing no sign of the opening—has comparatively little venom. All spiders are more or less venomous, and one species quite familiar in this country is extremely dangerous. It is commonly known as the black widow, and is occasionally found in outhouses, though ordinarily it lurks under logs and boards. In color it is jet-black, with a red spot on the under side of the abdomen. ‘Though its body is hardly A Scorpion (one-half natural size) Also a Curious Bug of Prey (beetle) from Java Bulldog Ant, Male Leaf-cutting Ant, Bad-smelling Ant, Driver Ant, Female Leaf-cutting Ant—all venomous 386 AMERICAN HOMES “AND VGARD ENS bigger than a pea, this arachnid will commonly attack human beings on sight—more especially in the autumn, when, after spinning her cocoon, the female broods over it like a bird over its young, and is very fierce in defense of her eggs. The typical venomous spider possesses a poison-gland and a hollow tube through which the venom is introduced into the A Bird-catching Spider of the Tropics—two-thirds natural size wound made by the fang. This gland is situated much as in the rattlesnake, the poison-sac being attached to the root of the tooth by a small tube which conducts the venom down through the tooth. Such a similarity of structure between two animals so far apart in the scale of creation as the serpent and the spider, the purpose in both cases being the sam to inject poison—is surely most remarkable. Gent rally speaking, poisonous insects, like snakes, attain much greater size in tropical latitudes, and secrete venom in larger quantities. Thus, whereas most centipedes—a_ nat- uralist would say that a centipede is a myriapod, properly speaking, and not an insect strictly; but let that pass—are quite harmless, a few tropical species are exceedingly venomous. In addition, they emit an unpleasant acid-vapor from pores along the sides of their bodies, which, if it finds its way into a wound, is very irritating. But the notion, so widely entertained, that their legs are poisonous, leaving a trail as of fire when the creature runs over one’s bare skin, is utter nonsense. There is at least one species of tropical centipede, found in Africa, that is a foot in length—-a truly formidable crea- y two-thirds that size are frequently fetched to this country from Brazil in logwood. These ani- mals, which are predaceous by habit, devouring snails and small crustaceans, are most commonly to be found beneath dead leaves or other such débris in the woods. In the poison- ous members of the tribe the venom-gland is at the base of the jaws, which are capable of inflicting a nasty bite. It is suspected, by the way, that some sort of poison-apparatus is possessed by the common household myriapod (related to the true centipedes), which, if caught between bed-sheets or otherwise cornered, will bite, severe swelling and pain fol- lowing the injury. December, 1906 Fatal results have in many recorded instances followed encounters with scorpions, which in warm latitude sometimes attain extraordinary size—seven or eight inches in length, with powerful claws resembling those of a crab. Recent study of the subject has revealed the fact that the venom of these arachnids is contained in a small gland at the end of the tail, which terminates in a horny and exceedingly sharp point, called the “sting.” The animal carries its tail curled over its back, and when it wishes to fight snaps with it over its head, seldom misses what it aims at. When the sting penetrates the skin of the victim the poison is emitted through it by a contraction of the above-mentioned gland. The scorpion is an extremely vicious creature, and its character is well portrayed by an Oriental myth, which tells how, on a certain occasion, one of these arachnids while on a journey came to the bank of a wide river and paused in perplexity unable to cross over, yet unwilling to return. A tortoise, seeing his situation and moved by compassion, took him on his back as a passenger, and was swimming toward the opposite shore, when he heard a noise upon his shell, as of something striking him. He called out to know what it was, and the scorpion answered: “It is only the motion of my sting. I know it can not injure you, but it is a habit which I can not relinquish.’ “Indeed!” replied the tortoise. ‘Then I can not do better than to free so bad a creature from his evil disposition, and secure the good from his malevo- lence.”” Saying which, he dived under the water, and the scorpion was drowned. In the Tierra Templada of Mexico there is a locality known as the Valley of Scorpions, because of the extraor- dinary numbers of these creatures found there. It is said to be hardly possible to turn over a stone without discover- ing three or four wicked-looking specimens beneath. ‘They are not large, as a rule, but are of a pale color and reputed very dangerous—the pale hue, according to popular belief at least, being a bad sign. A pity it is that more is not known about the venom of scorpions, which, it might be men- tioned, are often fetched from the tropics to our own sea- ports in bunches of bananas. ‘Their sting is evidently in- tended merely as a defensive weapon, and is not employed for killing the insects which they pursue for food. In temperate latitudes ants, while frequently an annoyance, are never dangerous. Naturally, then, it is difficult for us to realize the perils which occasionally threaten human inhab- itants of the tropics when they are obliged to fly for their Electric-light Bug. An insect vampire said to suck the blood of fishes lives from such insects, which, marching in great armies, are not to be resisted by any known means whatsoever. The so-called “driver” ants of Africa, for example, move in col- umns sometimes a mile in length, and they turn aside for nothing. If a house happens to be in their path, the inmates December, 1906 have no choice but to vacate the premises, else they would be quickly killed and eaten. Cattle and horses are often destroyed, and even elephants and the largest serpents are assailed, their skeletons, picked perfectly clean, being left behind to mark the route pursued by the ants. The driver ants are quite large—about an inch in length and thick-set. They have very sharp, sickle-shaped jaws, with which they literally bite out pieces of the flesh of a per- son or animal attacked. At the same time they thrust into the victim a poisonous sting which they carry at the extremity of the abdomen, being ‘“‘business’’ at both ends. It is not surprising that, under such circumstances, assailed by hun- dreds of these formidable insects simultaneously, a human being, or the largest beast, should soon succumb. Indeed, a man, however armed, is absolutely helpless against them. The only good thing claimed in behalf of the drivers is that, when they go through a house, they kill every rat and bug on the premises. In tropical America there are certain “‘robber’’ ants which are equally dangerous by reason of their ferocity, the severity of their bite and the deadly character of the venom they carry. ‘hey are vagabonds, occupying no permanent home, but leading a wandering life. Sometimes they move in phalanx formation, a marching army occupying a space of five or six square yards, in which the insects are densely massed. While the main body progresses in this compact order, skirmishers are thrown out, and here and there a small column leaves the phalanx to forage. Every living creature that can get out of the way does so. If a man, on a journey through the tropical forest, happens to encounter an army of these ants, he is instantly attacked. They swarm up his legs, drive their pincher-like jaws into his flesh, and sting with their tails. No creatures more ferocious can be imagined. In the forests of tropical South America are predatory tribes of so-called ‘‘bad-smelling”’ ants, which are accustomed to attack and devour small mammals and insects. They are of exceptionally large size and glossy black; their sting is severe and poisonous, and their bite most unpleasant, their The Tarantula-killer. Life size jaws being big and sharp. In glands on the sides of the thorax they secrete an oily fluid, which, emitted as a means of defense when they are captured, diffuses a markedly dis- agreeable odor. The famous leaf-cutting ants, which are widely distributed in the tropics, are poisonous, their stings being decidedly AVWERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS &u I severe. [hey live in colonies underground, and are a goos deal of a nuisance, destroying cultivated plants and es cially fruit-tees. The workers cut out pieces of leaves with their jaws, carry them to their nests, and chew them up to make mushroom-beds. When thus engaged, passing over th ground in numbers, they look as if they carried little um- )¢ I A Nine-inch African Centipede brellas over their heads. The beds prepared in the manner described produce a tiny species of mushroom, which, when it has reached a certain stage of ripeness and succulence, is fed to the young ants. ‘This fungus, by the way, has been cultivated artificially in the laboratory. In Australia the inhabitants are much afraid of the sting of a certain species of ant, known as the bulldog, which is said to be painful and even dangerous. It is a predaceous insect, found nowhere except in the island-continent, and com- monly preys on caterpillars and beetles of various kinds. Its bite is quite severe, and with such determination does it hold on that the jaws retain their grip even when the head has been pulled from the body—whence the popular name bestowed upon the creature. A venomous insect that causes not a little unhappiness to human beings in the southwestern part of the United States is popularly known as the “great, big bedbug.”” The term is pretty accurately descriptive, inasmuch as it is to all intents and purposes a bedbug of exaggerated size, nearly an inch in length, with a flat body, a pointed head, a strong beak, and a “buggy” odor even more offensive than that of the familiar household insect. Worst of all it has wings, and flies at night, being attracted to open windows by lights. Coming originally from Mexico and Texas, it is making its way steadily eastward and northward, and has already in- vaded the Mississippi Valley. Apparently, it is merely a question of time when it will invade the East. It passes the winter under the bark of trees or beneath stones, and attacks human beings only in the spring. Within the last few years there has been much to-do over the ‘‘kissing-bug.”’ It is not a definitely descriptive name, being applied seemingly to a number of different species of insects which inflict more or less venomous bites. The biggest and worst of the kissing-bugs, however, is reasonably plen- tiful in Texas and New Mexico. One of its pleasing habits is to crawl beneath the blanket of a person camping out, or otherwise sleeping in the open air, and to insert its beak into his person, thereupon proceeding to suck until its abdomen is distended to the size of a small hen’s egg. This, however, is not the worst of the injury, which is liable to produce a bad sore, difficult to heal. One of the most remarkable of predaceous insects is the familiar ‘‘electric-light bug,’ which eats young fishes. It is a huge fly, and before the introduction of electric lights was supposed even by entomologists to be decidedly rare. It is a diver, and its habit is to plunge into a pond, seize a little fish, and suck its blood. The tarantula-killer carries at the end of its tail a sting, which is connected with a poison-gland. It pounces upon the spider, paralyzes it with a blow of its weapon, and then drags it to its burrow, where it serves as food for the young of-the captor. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 1—Cylindrical Cooler 2—Coagulation of the Milk How Soft French Cheeses are Made By Jacques Boyer J ROBABLY as much cheese is made in France as in any other country, and French cheese makers have succeeded in producing many varieties of this article of diet, as a result of competition and the endeavor to meet the : varying tastes of their fastidious customers, who pore with Brillat-Savarin, that ‘‘a dinner without cheese is like a Bevuecal woman with only one eye.’ In this article we shall confine our attention to the principal soft cheeses which are marketed either in the fresh state or after under- going the process of fermentation which is known as “‘ripen- ee ing. In order to obtain so many sorts of cheese from the same raw material—whole or partly skimmed milk—it is necessary to subject the milk to various treatments, differing in the temperature at which the curd is formed and the methods of shaping and ripening. Suppose, then, that we visit an up-to- date cheese factory and see what is done there. Usually the factory collects milk from the surrounding country, either sending for it to the farms two or three times a day or receiving it from the dairymen, who bring it to the factory in tin cans containing about 20 quarts each. In sum- mer, the milk is cooled immediately after its arrival at the factory, as the microbes which spoil milk do not thrive at low temperatures. The simplest method of cooling consists in setting the cans in a tank of cold water, but special refrig- erating devices are employed in large factories. These cool- ers, which are of various forms, are so arranged that the milk flows downward over the outside, while a current of cold water moves in the opposite direction inside of the thin wall. The cylindrical cooler, shown in Figure 1, has a spirally cor- rugated surface of tinned copper and the water flows be- tween this and an inner smooth cylinder of sheet iron. As the milk leaves the cooler it is caught in vessels which are emptied into a great mixing vat in order to secure uni- formity of the raw material. If the so-called ‘Swiss’? or double cream cheese is to be made, cream is added to the milk in proportions varying from one-sixth to one-third of the total volume. The milk and cream having been thoroughly mixed in a tinned iron vessel the curd is formed at a temperature of 59 or 61 de- grees F., by the addition of rennet, a substance obtained from the fourth stomach of young calves (Fig. 2). For double cream cheese the rennet is diluted with water and the formation of the curd occupies about twenty hours. In con- sequence of the slowness of coagulation the curd is very rich and creamy. Very little rennet is required—about one part to 10,000 parts of milk. When tne coagulation is complete men lift the curd with large tin ladles and lay it on clothes, which are then folded so that they resemble oddly shaped pillows, laid in a row on a draining table and covered with a board on which large iron weights are placed in order to press out the whey (Fig. 3). This draining process usually occupies fifteen hours. ‘The clothes, or bags, are then laid on a table and opened and the curd is removed with small wooden scrapers. To give the paste the desired consistence, it is next kneaded, either with the hands, or (with the addition of a little cream) in machines with smooth rollers, one of which is shown in operation in Fig. 4. The kneaded mass is collected in ves- sels lined with cloth and paraffined paper, allowed to dry for a time and then molded into the desired form. ‘The mold (Fig. 5) is composed of a number of small cylinders of tin, open at both ends, and soldered to a tin plate. The mold being set in a perforated board the molder lines the cylinders with strips of paper, presses the mass into their open mouths and then lifts the mold, leaving the little cheeses, wrapped in paper, on the board. After they have drained sufficiently they are packed and shipped. ‘‘Swiss’’ cheeses made in this particular manner are called “Gervais” cheeses from the name of the manufacturer who first made them at Ferrieres- Gournay in the department of the lower Seine. “Bondons,”’ ‘“‘Malakoffs,’ and “‘Petits-Carrés’” (little squares) are other varieties of ‘‘Swiss’ cheese, produced by a similar process, but of harder texture due to the greater pressure to which the curd is subjected. But these double cream cheeses, which are sold chiefly in summer and contain a large proportion of fatty matter, soon become rancid. They may be preserved by applying two per cent. of salt, with the hand or salt shaker. There are also December, 1906 “half salt’? cheeses (Fig. 10), which keep and ship well. Whatever the quantity, the salt should be perfectly dry in order that it may be distributed as uniformly as possible. A great deal of attention is now given in French com- mercial dairies to the manufacture of “‘ripened’’ cheeses with superficial molds. The most popular sort is “Brie,” which has long been in high favor with all classes of consumers. As long ago as 1407, Charles d’Orleans used to present his friends with Brie cheeses, and at the end of the sixteenth century, according to the chroniclers, Henri IV relieved the 4—Kneading the Mass with a Roller- kneading Machine tedium of the siege of Paris with this ‘‘royal cheese’ of which he was especially fond. The manufacture of Brie cheese comprises six operations; renneting, shaking, draining, salting, drying, and ripening. As curd is made only once a day it is usually necessary to heat the milk in wooden or copper vats, with steam pipes, to a tem- perature of from gi to 106 de- grees F. The milk is then si- phoned into tinned iron troughs for curdling; sometimes the farmers add 10 per cent. of skimmed milk from the preceding milking. This addition facilitates draining and consequently increases the hardness of the curd and it also favors the growth of the superficial mold. ‘Three teaspoonfuls of rennet suffice to coagulate 500 quarts of milk in two hours. The making of the curd is a delicate operation and one which greatly influences the quality of the finished product. If the coagulation is too slow the cream rises to the surface and if it is too rapid the result is a dry cheese. The morning’s milk, which was frothing in the pails a few hours ago, is now transformed into a white gelatinous mass of curd, mixed with whey. The next operation, technically are transferred two weeks later (Fig. 7). Aver leCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 389 called ‘‘dressage,” is the shaping of the cheeses in tinned tron molds (Fig. 6). With a skimmer the workman cu zontal slices, thin and uniform, from the curd and di I them unbroken in the molds. ‘The latter are placed on rush mats which rest on wooden planks. Twelve hours later the cheeses, now considerably dimin- ished in thickness, are transferred from the molds to ““éclisses.”” These are wide bands of sheet zinc, perforated to permit the escape of the remaining whey. One of these is placed around each mold and its ends are fastened together by means of a button on one = one end and one of a num- 5 ber of slits in the other. When the mold is lifted the cheese remains securely clasped by the zinc band. On this a dry mat is now laid and covered with a plank. ‘The cheese, with its band and both planks and mats, is then inverted and the wet mat and _ plank, which are now on top, are removed. ‘Ten hours later the cheese is turned again in the same manner and is salted by removing the band and sprinkling salt over the top and side. Ten or twelve hours after the first salting 3—Removing the Whey from the Curd by Pressure the cheese is turned once more and when the whey has ceased to exude the band is finally removed and the second face is salted. The cheeses are then laid on shelves, on dry straw mats, and are turned night and morning for two days, after which they go to the drying room, a large and well ventilated cellar kept at the temperature of 12 degrees C., and fur- nished with wooden shelves on which the cheeses are laid. Here the ripening process commences. In a short time a downy white mold, Penicillium candidum, appears on the surface of the cheese. This fungus destroys the lactic acid and prepares the way for other organisms which complete the ripening process in the ripening cellars to which the cheeses Here the cheeses BX 5—Compound Molds Used in Making “ Swiss ’” Cheese soften under the influence of Bacillus firmitatis, which has been studied by M. G. Roger. The colonies of this highly colored bacillus appear first as yellow, later as red spots and its secretions check the development of the white Penicillium, which ceases to grow while the red colonies become diffused through the entire substance of the cheese, which they con- vert into an elastic paste of deep cream color. Finally a third marauder, the Micrococcus meldensis, discovered by M. G. Roger, comes upon the scene and stops the work of the Bacillus firmitatis, which, but for this intervention, would soften the creamy cheese too greatly and would ultimately cause “‘running,”’ that nightmare of cheese makers. The work of these infinitesimal organisms, therefore, is divided into three stages. ‘he first germ destroys the lactic acid; the second, more vigorous, drives out the first; and the third, in consequence of its production of diastases, plays the part of moderator and preserves the cohesion of the mass. But these industrious micro-organisms have an enemy, the Peni- cillium glaucum, or common green mold, which sometimes disturbs their mysterious operations (Fig. 8). The green or The Workman is Shown Turning a Large Cheese and Transferring It to a Fresh Mat 7—A Brie Ripening Cellar. black spores of this fungus give the crust of the cheese a tint which lowers its market value. Brie which is affected with this malady, which the manufacturers call “‘the blues,” also acquires a bitter taste. To resist the invasion of this dangerous cryptogam it is necessary to disinfect thoroughly AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 6—Shaping and Draining Brie Cheeses the ripening cellar and all the utensils employed. Tubs, molds, zinc bands and skimmers are washed with boiling soda lye; the cellars and drying rooms are whitewashed and fumigated with sulphur. The principal wholesale market for Brie cheeses is at Meaux (Seine-et-Mame) where sales take place weekly, on Saturdays. Brie cheeses are of various sizes; the “‘grand moule” (Fig. 7), averaging 16 inches in diameter and weigh- ing 61% pounds; the “moyen moule,”’ 12 inches and 4 pounds, and the “petit moule,” or Coulomnier, the diameter of which varies from 5 to 10 inches according to locality. To the same class of products belongs the cheese first made at Camembert, in the department of the Orne, which differs 8—Penicillium Glaucum, Enlarged One-hundred and Eighty Times. This Fungus Causes “ Blues” in Brie Cheese from Brie only in being smaller. The curd is made and shaped and the cheese salted and ripened almost exactly as described above (Fig. 9). Finally, mention should be made of washed cheeses, which differ from the foregoing varieties by being ripened without the aid if fungous growths. The principal types are Géromé, Pont L’Evéque and Livarot. In the manufacture of Géromé the milk is curdled at a temperature of from 81 to 90 degrees F, so that coagulation is completed in two hours. The curd is then cut into pieces measuring three-quarters of an inch every way and allowed to stand for half an hour, after which the whey is removed by means of a colander with small holes. The curd is then put into tinned iron molds which rest on wooden gratings supported by planks. When the curd has settled well down in the mold five or six hours after filling, the mold is inverted on a dry mat. In the evening this operation is re- peated and on the following day the cheeses are transferred December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9—Salting Camembert to forms of less height. At night they are turned again and on the third day salt is applied to the rim and one face and, twelve hours afterward, to the other face. The Géromé cheeses are then sent to the drying-room where they remain two or three days, after which they are turned once more and taken to a cellar kept at a temperature of 54 or 55 de- grees F. Here they are turned and wiped with a cloth wet with warm brine every other day. They gradually acquire a reddish tinge and at the end of two months the ripening is complete. According to M. Charles Martin’s excellent work on The Dairy (1904) the size of Géromé cheeses has been reduced in recent years. Originally they weighed from 4% to 11 pounds each. The best Pont L’Evéque cheeses are made in the valley of Ange. Coagulation is effected in twenty minutes at from 85 to 104 degrees F. The whey which covers the curd is then removed and the curd is cut with a wooden knife and placed to drain on reed mats called “‘glottes.”” The curd is covered with cloth to keep it warm. It is then put into square molds which are turned ten times during the first half hour, after which they are placed on fresh and thoroughly dry mats and turned five or six times more in the course of the day. At the end of forty-eight hours, the cheeses are ZA 10—Shaping “ Half Salt’’ Cheese by Hand taken from the molds, salted, and placed on gratings covered with straw in the drying room, where they remain four days, and are turned daily. Then they go to the ripening cellars, where they are placed on edge, in contact with each other, in order to prevent the development of fungous growths. They are turned every second day and become ready for market in three weeks. Livarot cheese is made from partly skimmed milk, coagu- lated in an hour and a half at from 85 to 104 degrees F. The curd is cut with a wooden knife and placed either on clothes or on reed mats where it is allowed to drain for a quarter of an hour. During this time the curd is broken up with the fingers into particles of the size of a grain of wheat. It is then put into tinned iron molds, 6 inches in height and diameter, which are turned at intervals until the cheese has become solid. The cheese is then salted and is allowed to drain for five days longer. After a sojourn of a fortnight in the drying room it goes to the cellar, where it is turned three times a week and wiped, each time, with a cloth saturated with brine. Finally it is wrapped with sedge leaves to keep it in shape. The ripening process occupies from three to five months, according to the size of the cheese. Before being shipped, Livarot cheeses are colored superficially. will y VI S Z CHICAGO TRENTON You can do this without capital and without interfering with your present-occupation. Our co-operative methods insure larger and steadier profits than ever before. We will You Can Earn From teach you the Real Estate, General Brokerage and Insurance Business by mail, appoint you special representative of the largest international brokerage company, send you lists - of choice salable real estate and investments and co-operate with and help you make a 3.000 1o$]190,000 a year large steady income. Every business man should have our Commercial Law Course, which is given free to in the Real. Estate Business corral ee poe Our FREE BOOK is valuable and interesting and tells how THE CROSS COMPANY, ®& 906 Reaper Block, CHICAGO The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CoO. «scientitig&ménicany 361 Broadway, New York WE drill Artesian Wells for water supply for cities, towns, manufac- ART ESIAN turing plants and country homes. We furnish and install Tanks and Towers, Windmills, Compressed Air, Steam, Electric and Hand Pumps to do the pumping. WELLS = | Merger pretence. We are ex AW, DRAKE DRILLING Co. perts in our line. Write us, and our representative will call to see you. HAZLETON, PA. Why Norwall Vacuum Valves on Your Steam Radiators Mean More Heat From Less Fuel uur Steam Radiators are fitted with Norwall vie uum Valves, they will let out the cold air, when you gé up steam lowe wien the team reaches them, id atuy “iF yaed, the cold air Ranterar Hankin » kill the 10 Cons ane ntly, when the steam in our radi- ators b gins to cool and condense, a vacuum is formed, which not only keeps atmospheric press ure off the water below so it can keep on boiling as the temperature owers, but itactually draws the heat out of the water by suction and keeps it boiling and giving off heat long after it would stop boiling under cont nary conditions This saves you fuel, because the water in your steam boiler will boil w th much less fire You don’t have totouch the valves at ar time, for they ure automatic and work themselves r You save a lot of time ‘‘firing up,”’ get an even temperature in your house, and have warm rooms to dress in mornings You can prove this vacuom principle by consulting any scientific authority on simple physics, or, if you will write your name on a post card and mail it to us, we will send you by return mail a lot of information on steam heating apparatus which will prove to you that Norwall Vacuum Valves save their own cost the first season in reduced fuel bills Don't expose yourself and family to the discomforts and dangers of uneven temperature Get rid of chills, colds, rheumatism and all kindred ills. Be comfortable! Let us show you how. If you wish, we will have your steamfitter show you our valves and explain just how they work. Norwall Vacuum Valves are the only automatic vacuum valves made. We invented them and have patented them But, write today for the rest of this interesting story It will teach you how to protect your health and your pocketbook. THE NORWALL MFG. CO. 152 Lake St., Chicago 106 W. 42d St., New York Big Crops of Corn can be depended upon from land that has been liberally fertilized with a complete fertilizer containing 3! i% nitrogen, 8% available phosphoric acid, and 9% Potash Just how and why 9% of Potash is neces- sary our booklet wili show, GERMAN KALI WORKS 93 Nassau St., New York TRADE MARK Insist on the Sy-CLo Water Closet — made of china. Sy- phonic Action ends danger of sewer gas. Booklet on Household Health” ieee: POTTERIES SELLING CO, TRENTON, N. J. “SalgHck's BEST House Plans’ A BEAUTIFUL BOOK 150 New Designs of small, economical homes costing from $500 to $5,000, Price $1. » including sup- ii plement My Plans and Spec- ifications are made right CcosT $2,000 Church Portfolio FREE Charles S. Sedgwick, Arch’t 1028H Lumber Exch., Minneapolis,Minn, COST $4,000 The Frog Book An interesting 8, practical work on ‘‘ How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.’* Sent postpaid for $1.00. MEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. 2% Sheep Manure 88 Kiln dried and pulverized. No weedsor bad | odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants 4 00 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. $ Delivered to your Freight Station Apply now. The Pulverized Manure Go.,21Union Stock Yards, Chicago. 396 S T= of all. ] = Ss = = Price, each, complete a a= SS 15 cents, postpaid = & : — = oO ‘ Caen sued hee =z = —F aves SZ TAPESTRY LEATHER = 3 o : SE Se BS POST CARDS = SS PK op Pop of a SS 100 designs. Send for a sample order of = = Each “ Ss 100 Cards, $1.75, postpaid = eS sancath aes : Single Cards, 2 cents each = alan _% ANN Z Lea a eS > = Fill Y) AMAT = =a eee = Gy (IN| ‘iipuiengs ART TICKING PILLOW TOPS = 7 Contain 15 catchy and beautiful colored = Front and sh ul ua with fringe designs. Burnt Leather effect. == Price, $1.50, postpaid 35 cents each, postpaid Tt THE SOUVENIR PILLOW TOP CO.” iit, sect 320 BROADWAY,NEW YORK itt 7M [fone Soret net THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS RI HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. _ Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of ino lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and gooc and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII. _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is b eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages. 100 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid MUNN @& CO., Publishers “ 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 395 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GAR DEWS December, 1906 By the Fireside! qd At this happy Christmas season the Fireplace is a center of attraction in the home. Q Include a Colonial Fireplace in your own home. Special designs & splendid workman- ship combine to make our product the finishing touch to mansion or cottage. Q We design, select and furnish beautiful Fire- places of molded brick in tints and shades to suit Send for our large illustrated true your decorations. design-book—FREE ClO WON SE FIREPLACE CO: 2537 WEST L2TH YSiliee ss CHICAGO ) 23 {-U“S-T P: UGB) Lal7S HaEeD W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical requirements of commercial life. The author hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 cMUNN © CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK CLAMPS Adapted to Genera! Wood Manufacturing They are a Predominant Efficiency in the Shop :: :: STRONG GRIP Instant action. ing by jarring. Made with crank or bar when desired. In all their parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness for the work intended. Ask for Catalogue No. 132 Manufactured by BATAVIA CLAMP COMPANY 19 CENTER STREET BATAVIA, N. Y. LT LLL aT, No loosen- screw it with water. Begin the application of it as soon as you have reason to suspect the presence of fungus, and keep up its use until your plants are free from it. This can be told by their leaves taking on the old, healthy dark- green color, and showing no signs of blight about their edges. It is well to go over the plants daily, and remove every leaf that be- gins to show discoloration. All diseases of a fungoid nature spread rapidly in the dry, warm air of our living-rooms. Burn the foli- age taken from the plants. Look at your potted bulbs from time to time. ‘Turn some of them out of their pots to be sure roots are being developed. If the soil seems pretty dry, give enough water to moisten it evenly. Keep the light away from the place in which your bulbs are stored, as this will have a tendency to encourage top- growth. If aphides annoy the plants, make use of the solution of ivory soap frequently advised in this department. If the mealy-bug is found make an emulsion by adding kerosene to soap, melted, and agitating it rapidly until union takes place. A white, jelly-like substance will be the result. Here is my formula for the preparation of this insecticide: Ivory soap! s.eage. see Y% pound Kerosenesoue 2%. eo eae Y gallon SOft-swater ease. ee Y% gallon Shave the soap finely, and put it into the water as soon as the latter comes to a brisk boil. When the soap has liquefied, remove it from the fire, and add the kerosene. Churn the mixture with a large syringe, such as florists use in spraying plants, or a force-pump. There will be a perfect union of soap, oil and water if the mixture is churned rapidly enough. For the mealy-bug, use one part of this emulsion to twenty parts water. For scale, one part emulsion to nine parts water. Apply with a sprayer, taking great care to have the mixture get to all parts of the in- fested plants. Be sure, before making an ap- plication, that there is no free oil on its sur- face, as this will injure the foliage. If any is found, dip it off with a spoon. This insecticide can be kept for an indefin- ite time, by putting it into bottles and keep- ing elem well corked. Keep them away from the light. A correspondent asks if I would advise the application of castor oil to the roots of palms, to increase growth, and to their foliage, to se- cure glossiness. I would not. There is no element of plant- growth in the oil. If you apply it to the roots of a plant, it repels moisture and disease is al- most sure to set in, as a natural consequence. If you apply it to the leaves, their pores, their breathing-surface will be clogged by it, and very soon you will sec the effect in yellowing foliage. ‘To encourage growth, make use of reliable fertilizers. To give the foliage of smooth-leaved plants a glossy look, wash with water containing a little sweet milk. Another correspondent asks: ““‘Which is best for plants, hard or soft water? Should it be warmed in winter?” I have used both hard and soft water in green-house and window-garden, and I have never been able to see much, if any, difference in results. In winter, let water stand until it is of about the same temperature as the air in the room, before applying it to your plants. “Would you repot plants in winter?” is a question I have been asked to answer in this department. Certainly, if they need it. 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The Andrews System, em- — {i The Andrews Method of selling gives bracing the Andrews Regurgi- “¢° @=—yye.J you the economies of highly specialized tating Safety Valve and group ay y pt A 5 factory production, and the services of system of piping, gives pe fect ; ys a corps of trained heating engineers | control of an intensified circu- V[iecomorve I who put inall their time planning heat- lation, increasing the radiator ae BOILER [ lm ing plants for houses, stores, churches, efficiency so per cent., insuring iy schools, factories, etc. No heating firm ample warmth in Minnesota’s severest winter, as doing a merely local business could well as great fuel economy in mild weather. develop such skill or do the work so In a nut shell: Our modern patented system pro- quickly and economically as by the methods we duces hottest radiators, quickest circulation, lowest have developed in the drafting roomand the shops | price for value and efficiency, and gives maximum of our old and extensive business. Send us the | amount of heat from fuel. Every plant sold on lans of your house, or even a sketch with meas- , ‘ F vemientta, and we will make an ESTIMATE FREE. 360 Days Free Trial, Guaranteed by Bond We always make special designs and exact esti- Our book, “Home Heating,”’ tells in plain language about hot- mates for each individual job. | water heating; sent free for the names of two persons likely to The Andrews Steel Boiler is builtsame as steam | buy Thousands in use; send for list. Old houses equipped power boilers, vertical style; also locomotive type, without defacement. 446 Mancapone ANDREWS HEATING COMPANY ‘°° cive.g.P'* MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS CONSULTING ENGINEERS AN IDEAL MOLDER FOR GENERAL MILL WORK This machine will work material up to 6 inches in thickness and is made in two widths, 12 and 15 inches. The frame is open built and ribbed inside, giving strength and rigidity. The cylinders are four-sided and slotted on each side. The housing is raised by two screws mounted on ball bearings and simultaneous sly operated by a crank convenient to the operator. Both cylinder housings have also a screw adjustme nt across the machine for matching the molding after the knives have been set. The upper cylinder is belted at each end and mounted in a housing, whereby both bearings are yoked together, securing perfect alignment. The lower cylinder is placed at the feed-out end and is belted at the right end only, leaving the left side clear for ready access to heads and guides. The side spindle housings have vertical and angle adjust- ments and also a horizontal movement entirely across the machine, making it possible to run very small as well as heavy molding. Has four 7 in. feed rolls driven at each end by heavy gears, with three speeds of feed. The top rolls are made in sections, and the shafts may be withdrawn at the side to permit interchanging either smooth or fluted rolls. When the roll shafts are with- drawn the roll gears do not drop out, as they are carried on independent sleeves, and thus maintained in position in mesh with the driving gears. eee Catalogue sent on request. 209-229 W. FRONT ST. CINCINNATI, OHIO No. 133. INSIDE MOLDER J. cA. FAY @ EGAN CO. Not How Much but HowLong T is not the first cost that determines the expense of keeping a building protected with paint, but the first cost plus the cost of renewal in a given term of years. If you must repaint five times with one paint against three times with another paint, the latter is the cheaper, no matter what the initial cost. OXIDE OF ZINC in paint lengthens the intervals between renewals; consequently paints based on OXIDE OF ZINC are not only better but cheaper than other paints. Our pamphlets, ‘“‘ Paint: Why, How and When” (free to property owners), explains the matter. The New Jersey Zinc Co. 71 Broadway, New York We do not. grind zinc in oil. A list. of manufacturers of zinc paints sent. on application AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 399 Tr 7 = To Help You Build Your Home Get ‘‘Sargent’s Book of Designs’’ before you select the hardware trimmings for your # home. With its assistance you will be able to select hardware that is in perfect harmony with any style of architecture or interior finish. If you wish different designs to match the dec- orative schemes of different apartments, this book will make their selection a pleasurable certainty. SARGENT’S Artistic Hardware combines character with utility and durability. Its specification always insures lifelong satisfaction. The Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks reduces friction, saves wear, and prolongs the life of the lock. Our Book of Designs will be of real value to you. Fifty-eight beautiful half-tone reproductions of artistic designs, with valuable suggestions to home builders. Sent free on application. Qo SARGENT & CO., 7 156 Leonard Street, i7)) New York Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. 400 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS December, 1906 time when a shift should be made, be it winter or summer. And the sooner it is made the better. Would You i ae In order to be prepared for work of this kind, Vy 1% - every owner of a window-garden ought to VP eo T* | Like Your lay in a supply of potting-soil, in fall. It is ay not too late to do this now. ‘Turn over some sward in pasture or roadside, and scrape away that portion of it which is filled with grass- roots. Add to this about one quarter its bulk of good garden loam, one quarter old, thor- oughly decomposed cow-manure, and one quarter coarse sand. Mix well. You will find that nearly all plants adapted to culture in the window-garden will grow finely in this com- post. Those who are fond of plants with fine foli- age, but who have tired somewhat of palms, from seeing so many of them, generally in varying degrees of ill-health, will find the araucaria, or Norfolk Island pine, a most at- tractive plant, and one which can be grown well in the window if care is taken to keep the red spider from injuring it. It is an ever- green, having foliage something like that of our native hemlock, and something like that of the balsam—a sort of combination of both, yet not exactly like either. Its branches are produced is whorls, generally numbering five to each whorl, but sometimes having eight or ten. A vigorous plant will grow about three whorls in a season. Where the branches in a whorl number five, the effect, as you look down upon the plant, will be that of a per- fect five-pointed star, hence one of the popular names of the plant, star-pine. It grows well in a soil of loam and sand. Water moder- ately, and do not use fertilizers very gener- ously if you want to keep your plant from outgrowing the window-space. Shower it at least once a week—three times a week would be better—to keep the red spider from in- juring it. Those who have never grown the hibiscus for winter flowering, have made a serious mis- take. “True, it blooms most freely in summer, if you allow it to. But if you keep it pretty nearly dormant then, and cut it back well, you can reverse the natural order of things, and force it to bloom in winter. I have two varie- ties, one a crimson, the other a soft peach- color, which bloom for me from November to May. ‘They have not been repotted for sev- eral years. In spring I cut away nearly all the old growth. I keep them rather dry until mid-summer. By that time, many new branches will have started. ‘Then I remove as much of the old soil as I can without dis- turbing the roots, and replace it with a fresh loam into which some bone-meal has been mixed. ‘The plants grow sturdily until fall, on this food, and will have completely re- newed themselves by the time it is necessary to take them into the house. As soon as buds show, I begin the use of liquid fertilizers. Treated in this manner, my plants are excel- lent as winter-bloomers. ‘Their flowers are short-lived, it is true, lasting only for a day— but there are so many of them that the effect : is always satisfactory. The rich, glossy foli- a A.B oKséeCo. LEVELAND, (). age of the plant greatly enhances its beauty. The flowers of the crimson variety are as FLOOR&SIDEWALK LIGHTS. large as those of the garden hollyhock, which OF EVERY \DESCRIPTION. they closely resemble in form. ‘The peach- SEND FORCATA LOGUE. blow variety has smaller blossoms, but they are more double than those of the other, and are generally more admired on this account. A great many persons have complained to me that they “had no luck” with the hibiscus. It was always dropping its buds. Mine never do so. I feel sure there need be no trouble of this kind if perfect drainage is given. With- out good drainage, the soil is likely to sour, and when this happens, you may expect your hibis- cuses to drop every blossom before it is fully matured. House to be Distinctive ? THEN USE SANTTAS The Washable Wall Covering S ANITAS is the best known wall surface for after-decoration. It has a cloth foundation finished with seven coatings of oil paint. It is waterproof and it will not crack. Use Sanitas in your library, living room or hall, and geta unique effect of panelling by stencilling. We can supply you with special designs, which are artistic and effective. The Sanitas Department of Interior Decoration has just issued a new stencil booklet. Write Department P for further information. STANDARD TABLE OILCLOTH CoO. 320 Broadway New York NILES, OHIG. U.S.A. “THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNACE” tei: Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of Apnl 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S.A. December, 1906 Atte weGAN "HOMES AND GARDENS 401 BURLINGTON .xésicing BLINDS Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality Surest Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Wenetianuklindafor Proved by actual use to be cela acinGlars GAVE =} the most practical and satis- ji} Sliding Blinds for factory blinds and screens on it Sat outdoor veranda. pnetmvariet inside use. Any wood; any finish Requirenopockets. to match trim. For your own best interests Any wood; any and your customers, send for finish. Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. | i its Manufacture ALCO I OL Its Denaturization lts Industrial Use The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and German Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scientific American Supple- ment 1596. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article published in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. The Most Complete Treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in Scientific Amer- ican Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. ‘The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the United States Internal Revenue will permit the manufacture and denaturization of tax-free alcohol. NY sing!e number of the Scientific American or Supplement will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from -MUNN & CO., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Floors warm as the Seashore 4 01 eae What can be nicer for our little pets (and their little pets) than a cheerful, sunlit bedroom, tempered genially and uniformly by AMERICAN |DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS Children have better health where they can freely play and exercise instead of being confined to the limited playground afforded by the heat of a stove, grate fire or hot air furnace register. You can dress them lightly and let them play safely where they will—on the floors, in the corners, at the windows or in the hallways— when the house is warmed by Steam or Water. The floors are thus made warm as a sandy beach on a fair August day. An outfit of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators costs so little more to put in that the coal savings of a few Winters will more than pay the difference—and the cconomies will thereafter equal large dividends on the investment. OLD buildings—farm or city—are easily fitted out without annoy- ance to the occupants or removing old heating methods until ready to start fire in the new. Ask for valuable catalogue— free. Sales Branches and Warehouses throughout America and Europe. AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY Dept. 6. CHICAGO Be GES Os Cols OSS Os Oe Oaks oes okie ls BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Pb.D., F.A.IA. Consulting Architect and Author of “Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Part ie Masons W ork 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations Part II. Carpenters Work 550 Pages. 530 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Part III. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustra Each volume 7x 9% inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately ns Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York 402 AMERICAN HOMES .AND GARDENS December, 1906 WHEN YOU BUILD, GET THE RIGHT ROOF GENUINE BANGOR SLATE ROOFS Outdive the Building Without Paint or Repairs Can You Ask More of a Roof? BETTER WRITE FOR OUR FREE BOOK OF FACTS It will help you DO YOUR OWN THINKING on this question. It’s a book for the man who pays the bills The TIN people say about Tin Roofs The TILE people say about Tile Roofs IT TELLS { ‘lh < The SHINGLE people say about Shingle Roofs WHAT | The PATENT people say about Patent Roofs (tar, asphalt, gravel, etc.) The SLATE people say about Slate Roofs It is a concise but complete handbook on the Roof Problem—on which the life of your building depends It tells all the facts about all the roofs. It’s yours for a postal—vwrite for it NOW! Genuine Bangor Slate Company, Inc. FAIR BUILDING EASTON, PA. 7 : The \deal Home Illuminant W hy not enjoy the comfort of a perfectly illuminated country house by using a pipe~- delivered gas made by your own generator? The Sunlight “Omega” The Sunlight °° OMEGA” Acetylene System solves the lighting problem for suburban homes. Its practical construction eliminates the incon- venience and expense of repairs, while its great durability makes it the most economical system to install and operate. Abolish your smoky lamps, which require cleaning and trimming every day. If an acetylene plant of proper size is installed it will not need attention for a month, and it costs no more than kerosene. Put in a Sunlight “Omega” System and get rid of your lighting troubles, instead of acquiring them by using an inferior system. Let us tell you what a system will cost you. Send a floor plan of your home and we will send you an estimate. The Sunlight Gas Machine Co., 49 Warren St., New York ITARY HEATI SANT aed SAVINGS In your home is impossible without the Minneapolis Heat. Regulator This device maintains a uniform temperature; relieves you of all care and attention; saves coal and prevents any possible accident from sudden changes in the weather. Does its work automatically (which means accurately) and a change of one degree in the temperature of the room operates the dampers. Used with hot water or steam boilers, furnaces or natural gas. All adjust- ments made instantly from the living-room. Costs no more than a good clock and has proven its merit for a quarter of a century. Lasts a lifetime. SOLD ON 60 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL. Recommended and sold by all first-class dealers in heating apparatus. Free illustrated booklet. WM. R. SWEATT, President, Ist Avenue and G Street, Minneapolis, Minn. New England Office, G-1578 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, Mass. 5) ) DEC2 79MAy AVG2406 OCT 268 par'o t IT’S AUTOMATIC ADJUST ly? oe HERE BD fs THE KITCHEN — DECORATIVE ASPECTS HE decorative aspect of the kitchen are precisely the aspects which are most apt to be neglected and misunder- stood. People who spend hundreds and thou- sands of dollars in decorating the other parts of their houses are prone to leave their kitchen wholly out of their decorative schemes and look with amazement upon any proposal to view the kitchen in a decorative manner. ‘The real facts of the case are that there is a radical difference in meaning between the terms a decorative parlor and a decorative kitchen. The word decorative is a comparative one and the decoration of a parlor is something quite different from the decoration of a kitchen. This must have been apparent from a peru- sal of the preceding papers in this series. There is no place for decoration in a kitchen as it is understood in the other parts of the house. Neither walls nor ceiling, windows, doors or floors offer any opportunity for dec- orative applications such as are made as a matter of course elsewhere. Yet the kitchen should have a certain dec- orative effect. It should be a pleasant, cheer- ful apartment. Much work and heavy work is done within it, and the burden of all labor is lessened by being performed in agreeable surroundings. The room must be pleasant to go into and be pleasant to stay in. It must be pleasant to work in and, if possible, a pleas- ant place to rest in—the cook will use it for that purpose from time to time, and perhaps the other servants. In many houses it is a composite room, used for many different pur- poses, used all day and every day. Every- thing which tends to make it agreeable is a help in every way, and will greatly repay any expense incurred in obtaining this effect. A dainty, delicate, refined room a kitchen can rarely be. The work to be done there is too various and too heavy for any such qual- ities to be desirable or possible. It is a room which must not only be kept clean, but which contains every possible aid to cleanliness. This is as far as it is possible to go toward refine- ment, and it is quite far enough, as those who have labored with refractory servants in dingy kitchens will be aware. If the room is not agreeable by position and construction it behooves the mistress to do what she can to relieve these drawbacks. If the walls can not be white and bright they can at least be clean and covered with a ma- terial or coating that permits ready cleaning and which entails no especial hardship in washing them down. If it has been built under personal supervision it should have rounded corners, the windows should open freely from top and bottom and should be ample enough to freely light the room. It should be a part of the required work that the range or stove be kept well polished, and por- celain sinks and well-constructed, well-cov- ered tubs will add greatly to the desired effect. There is no opportunity and no need for grace- ful furniture; there are other rooms in which such pieces have their proper place; but such furniture as is used should be well made, plain and straightforward, and thoroughly adapted to its use. With all these things duly con- sidered a very considerable step will have been taken toward giving the kitchen a decorative effect, speaking kitchenly. The dresser and cupboards, the closets and racks should be of the same wood and should be neatly hung and placed. The various uten- sils should be kept in an orderly manner, the different sorts together in one place and sep- arated from those of another sort. It will be found an advantage to keep as many as possible within doors or in drawers. Every exposed vessel means another object to clean and dust, December, 1906 PVE ieeAN Toes AND GARDENS 407 A CONCRETE RESIDENCE AT ELBERON, N.. J. Se een ** CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES” is the title of a néw book just published by the Atlas Portland Cement Co. This book contains about 90 photographs and floor"plans‘ illustrating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of great value to those who are about to build. It has been collated for the purpose of showing prospec- tive house-builders the many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. A copyzof this book (size 10x12 in.) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $1.00. Address THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK CITY. DEPARTMENT NO. 10 All the good, practical, new things; all the time-tried facts about bees and honey; you’ll find them in A B C of Bee-Cuiture. A book of 500 pages, 550 illustra- tions, arranged like an encyclopedia from ‘“‘A to Z.’’ Any subject easy to find. Over 100,000 have been sold. Expert bee- keepers keep it at their elbows. kK Beginners \ welt beets oe keeping ‘\ must have Sit. Itsells on its own merits. If you don’t like it, we’ll send back your money and you return the book. The price is $1.20 postpaid or \) , yw 4° With “Gleanings In Bee-Culture’......$2 ‘‘Gleanings’’ is a live, wide-awake bee-magazine. Comes twice a month—lst and 15th. 60 to 72 big pages with plenty of photos and drawings. It answers hundreds of your questions about bees and honey; tells about all the ‘‘new wrinkles;’’ warns beginners in bee-culture what to avoid and how to make money with bees the easiest way. In one year you get over 1200 pages of live, valuable bee-literature. Price alone one dollara year. Send $2.00 now. Start with bees next spring and get honey to eat and some to sell, THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Medina, Ohio, New York City. Chicago, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa. Washington, D, C, St. Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Y. Mechanic Falls, Me. Clipper Lawn Mower Company. Dixon, Ill. Manufacturers of Hand and Pony Mowers Also Marine Gasoline Engines, 2 to 8 H.P. The MOWER | that will kill all the | weeds in your | lawns. If you keep the weeds cut so they do not go to seed, and cut your grass without breaking the small feeders of roots, the grass wil become thick and the weeds will disappear. No. 1.—12 inch Mower, $5.00 CO eae 6.00 S16 7.00 oe “ 4.—21 8.00 The Clipper Pony 24 18.00 will do it. | Send Draft or Money Order; we ship the day it comes in 404 USE JOIST HANGERS Don’t cut away your timbers or depend on flimsy spiking Bd We make Hangers adapted to all conditions Lane Brothers Company (The Door Hanger Manufacturers) 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Three Gifts in One within the reach of all THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE is one of the most popular magazines in America. It is noted for its clean, wholesome, snappy fiction, its handsome illustratioius and its cheerfulness of purpose. It has in- deed been well termed ‘‘ The Magazine of Cheerfulness,’’ and its policy is to uplift, to please and to educate. List of the Latest Books The Fighting Chance Robert W. Chambers Chippinge Borough Stanley J. Weyman The Awakening of Helena Ritchie Margaret Deland Prisoners Mary Cholmondeley On Newfound River Thomas Nelson Page The annual subscription price is $1.50, or 15 cents for a single copy. Patrons who subscribed last season for the Tabard Inn Li- brary service (including book) and The Metropolitan Maga- erie zime at $2.10 may renew their Sir Nigel subscription this year for $2. The Tabard Inn A. Conan Doyle The Treasure of Heaven Marie Corelli . Panama (Isthmus and Canal) Library The lowest price of a C. H. Forbes Lindsay Tabard Inn Exchangeable Book is Puck of Pook’s Hill Rudyard Kipling The Tides of Barnegat F. Hopkinson Smith The Bishop of Cottontown $1.18. A Brand New Book of your own selection from the accompanying list will be mailed you prepaid in the combination herein offered. The books = John Trotwood Moore are well bound in cloth and handsomely The Li d the M illustrated, Once you own a Tabard Chas. Gleiuand sarthue Horblow Inn Exchangeable Book it is your own The Incomplete Amorist property, but you can exchange it for E Nesbit another as often as you like on payment Jane Cable of a fee of five cents. There are a George Barr McCutcheon A new cloth-bound book in million Tabard Inn Library Books in The Doctor a Tabard Inn Bookcase. circulation and two thousand exchange Ralph Connor Anthony Overman Miriam Michelson Buchanan’s Wife Justus Miles Forman By the Light of the Soul Mary E. Wilkins-Freeman stations all over the United States and in some cities in Canada, ouse H Garden Vol. X. December, 1906. No. 6 White Fang An illustrated monthly magazine for Jack London the Home Lover. Each issue is full of Rosemary in Search of a Father C.N. & A. M. Williamson ideas and plans for the house, its build- ing, furnishing and ornamentation. It is beautifully illustrated. If you are furnishing a house or decorating a room, or fixing up your garden or lawn, HOUSE & GAR- DEN will tell you how to go about it in the right way. The editor The White Plume S. R. Crockett THE TABARD INN LIBRARY 1611 Chestnut S%., Philadelphia, Pa. THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO. in the ‘‘ Ing uiry Dear Sirs: I enclose bara for which you will enter my name for Column”’ settles as s subscription to e etropolitan Magazine and , P : : ouse @ Garden, and send me by mail, prepaid, a new copy perplexing questions and gives advice free of the following book ; to all readers The regular subscription price zs $3.00 2 year. A BRAND NEW BOOK (your own selection) AND THE TWO MAGAZINES—any address All for $3.50 to be exchangeable at any Tabard Inn Station. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 and enough dust will creep behind the doors and into the drawers to keep many a con- scientious maid busy in removing it. There are kitchens and kitchens. There are real kitchens and theoretical kitchens. There are kitchens of real life and kitchens of fiction. ‘There are old-time kitchens and kitchens of modern days. The single common point of all these rooms is their intense dif- ference. ‘The kitchen of real life is something very different from the fictional kitchens with which our lady novelists beguile the atten- tion of their readers. “The old-time kitchen we know of in reality because a few have sur- vived to our own day. ‘The real kitchen we have always with us in amazing variety; the theoretical kitchen we read of with wonder and wish it could be realized. The kitchen hung with brass pots and jars; the dressers lined with rare china-ware—there may be such rooms but they are not the kitchen of the every-day house. ‘There are mistresses that rejoice in their kitchens and spend much of their time in them—but the women one knows would rather leave them to their servants and spend their time in a more agreeable fashion. As for the “‘model”’ kitchen every one knows that it is for exhibition pur- poses only; no food is cooked within it, no labor is done there; perhaps half the things no one ever hears of. The more’s the pity; for these “model” rooms are highly useful as object-lessons, and may be profitably studied by almost every one, even if half the devices are unknown and are never out into practical use in one’s own kitchen. And so the tale runs on; the adviser occupying a different position from the actual worker, and she in her turn having a different point of view from the mistress. A problem is immediately presented whose solution can be found only in the points where all these persons come together in common. A kitchen can never be a cut-and-dried apart- ment, in which everything is prepared accord- ing to rule and in any number of which an identical equipment can be found. ‘There is not only room for individuality here, but individuality is demanded and necessitated by the necessities of the case. The decorative aspects of the kitchen form some of the problems which come under this head. A good deal can be done by using utensils of one color or of one of a series of related colors. The use-value of these things, in a general sense, is identical, but the decora- tive value is variable, and the appearance of the kitchen will, in a large measure, depend on what is put into it. If that is good and seems good a good result will follow, and when that is reached about as much has been done in obtaining a decorative effect as it is possible to do. A final point, and one of some difficulty, is the costume to be worn in the kitchen. If the mistress does any work herself there she must solve the problem in her own way, and will probably use very large aprons to cover her dress. The cook may be less amenable to suggestions on this point, and the com- mand to wear white dresses only is likely to excite rebellion, the more especially if she must change them on the slightest appearance of soiling and wash and iron them in her own time. White dresses have long since come into general use as the regulation costume for nurses, and it is possible that they may come into general use for cooks and housemaids. Such costumes mean more labor for the laundry department, and they may mean more expense in any event. But a servant neatly clothed in white, working in a pleasant, bright kitchen, neatly furnished, kept scrupu- ously clean is the final note in the decorative effect, and very likely the greatest treasure in the house. December, 1906 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 405 Holds You from Cower to Cower ZINE © yt Re mowed ily *| s ade eosktin ¥ ’ SSELL & COMPANY, Limited, ~ inten, Pacey Mew Yorn & Melmday roe, = awe + oe aa mS 4 — 1500 Interesting Pages READ THESE BOOKS -THE PIT FRANK NORRIS. These five pictures, size 7x Il pape a Uestioliorafe included ae oe AT OUR EXPENSE titles and artists, E want to place Cassell’s Magazine before a large number of new readers, ana to do this we are making this most remark- able offer, presenting an opportunity you cannot afford to miss. Cassell’s needs no introduction to its thousands of readers and friends, standing pre-eminently as a popular magazine appealing to all classes and to every member of the family. It holds your interest and is the kind of magazine you continue to read when you ought to be in bed. We believe it is the best and most interesting magazine published, and our increasing clientéle of readers amply proves this. SPECIAL ARTICLES by eminent writers are in every number, depicting life and scenes full of human interest and telling what is doing throughout this broad land of ours. In the December number Dr. Saleeby will have a strong article entitled **Worry—The National Disease.” ‘there is also a splendid department, ““Biography by Anecdote,” containing timely stories of men and women who loom large in the public eye. FICTION. Our fiction is another strong feature of eyery issue. Among our contributors are the names of Rider Haggard, Max Pemberton, Morley Roberts, Mrs. C. N. Williamson, Richard Whiting, Owen Oliver and many others representing the best among writers of fiction. William Le Queux contributes some fascinating automobile stories. In the December number Sir A. Conan Doyle begins a brilliant series, ** Thro’ the Magic Door,’ and_ in the same issue begins a powerful new serial entitled “The Man Who Was Dead,” by A. W. Marchmont. THE CHRISTMAS NUMBER will contain many beautiful illustrations on art paper in three and four colors by leading artists. Each copy well worth framing. Complete stories will appear in ti.is number by Morley Roberts, Mrs. C. N. Williamson, Percy White, A. E. W. Mason, and a humorous story by Fred Jay. Mr. Charles Bertram, the great conjurer, contributes a timely article, *‘ Card Tricks for Xmas.” OUR OFFER consists of your choice of any one of the following popular $1.50 copyright books and a year’s subscription to Cassell’s Magazine, including our special Christmas number, selling at 25 cents; AND IN ADDITION TO THIS WE WILL SEND ABsO- LUTELY FREE, WITHOUT A CENT OF COST TO YOU, “WORLD’S FAMOUS PICTURES” The limited space of this advertisement does not permit us to do full justice to these FIVE WONDERFUL MASTER- PIECES or to the value they represent. Exact reproductions of the originals in color, tone and feeling, truthfully depicting the artists’ work, each; picture is well worth an expensive frame. In size the pictures are 7 in. x 11 in., on heavy gray mounts suitable for framing and enclosed in a large Art Portfolio, size 16 in. x 12in. As works of art these pictures will beautify any home or make a choice Christmas gift for one of your friends. The set contains **The Bath of Psyche,’ by Lord Leighton, P.R.A.; ** How We Caught the Pilchards,” by C. Napier Henry, A.R.A.; “*The Last of the Garrison,’ by Britan Riviere, R.A.; ‘June in the Austrian Tyrol,” by J. MacWhirter, R.A.; ‘* Hetty Sorrel,’ by the Hon. John Collier. WHAT THIS OFFER MEANS TO YOU 1. Your selection of any one of the following copyright books . = $1.50 ) ALL 2. Cassell’s Magazine one year, including . . . é = . 1.50 3. Christmas Number, selling at . 5 ° 5 - 3 - -25 } For 4, Portfolio ** World’s Famous Pictures,” set of 5 mounted for framing . 1.00 Total value $4.25 | $2.00 Make your selection from the following copyrighted books, published at $1.50, all handsomely bound in cloth Ghe er The Leopard’s Spots , Z 5 Thomas Dixon, Jr. The Deliverance , b - 7 - Ellen Glasgow LAZARRE The Pode Pee THE The Pit ‘ “ A : : A 4 . Frank Norris The Prodigal Son - B 5S : : Hall Caine Sen SPOTS The Octopus . 5 . . 5 n . Frank Norris Hearts Courageous 2 2 » : B H. E. Rives a LEOPARDS The Youth of Washington . . S. Weir Mitchell | Arms and the Woman ye Harold MacGrath SPOTS: Lazarre 5 2 2 . Mary Hartwell Catherwood The Lane That Had No Turning . Gilbert Parker ed Abraham Lincoln’s Speeches . LE. Chittenden The Heart’s Highway é : . Mary E, Wilkins The Castaway : : ; x : A H. E,. Rives Or one book as illustrated above The reguiar price of Cassell’s Magazine is $1.50 a year. Mention this peri- odical and send us only $2.00 and we will send you Cassell’s Magazine for one year, your selection of any one of the above fifteen books and the Art Portfolio oes BP’ **World’s Famous Pictures.’’ We fully prepay transportation charges, The Maga- zine or either premium may be sent to different addresses. CASSELL’S MAGAZINE 43 and 45 East 19th Street New York 406 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1906 SuN-DIALS WITH PEDESTALS, ComPLETE RT Complete Outfit " ‘(oe P M512 Diamor M510 Solid Gold Brooch 3} re) j | e r " is . 7 Fine Diamonds, $50.00 . Set with Pearls, #10.50 For Heating Purposes, on either the Steam or Hot Water Principle, Fs SeliaiGen re Solid : é y Birthmonth \ Gold Signet MS1¢ pt fond Ki at a price which competes $4) 1516 Diamond King, King, Siznct King, $1.50 Plain Mounting, #3 : / Peacock Mounting, Top, made t with cast-iron boilers wae $75.00 for any Ch ° oe coed ristmas . - . . J #2.00 fj HIS boiler is designed just the same for Bi pr} Sl 7, | ime either steam or hot water heating and Oe y/ can alternate from one to the other, thus Pe bi Aer lac NL tel at Pe better meeting the weather conditions without of the Veacock standard of quality and Aa aN 5 hersvs a 4 . workmanship—nor of greater pleasure to requiring any alterations in the system. . J the giver in his recollection of having given 5 “a , good gifts purchased from a house pre-eminent MGB11 Solid Gold Hair Barrette, Roman Finish, $2.50 2 | # / alike for the superiority of its merchandise and For further particulars apply to : the reasonableness of its prices. The articles here shown in their full size are only The Roberts Safety Water Tube ‘\ Seog ggy | seriplee from our immense stock of Bolen Co Te ww. Se Y Jewelry: Diamonds: Silverware: Plated Ware: Roman ey Cut Glass: China and Leather Goods: : $3.00 ut Glass: China and Leather Goods 39 Cortlandt Street New York City : = SS a ey Nw ; » Any of them will be sent post or express paid, with the understanding J 7 S, f d that tl ice will be cheerfully ret ad with “4 =) f yo 3 Works at Red Bank, New Jersey i . ‘ digsatisilediiniany Se ayaaGoods Willibenen i OsOAD nabiockes Geemin: “ ation if desired. ck Chain Our Shopping Guide of the Peacock Store : J Co a beautiful book of 200 pages containing about five thousand ¢7/ AGENTS! CANVASSERS! SOLICITORS! PX i weA\ “five hundred photo engravings from “life"—not from touchedup draw: ings—is now ready and will be mailed free to any address in the : world. For completeness—for beauty—for practical use in the se f \\ lection of articles suitable for souvenirsand gifts on any occasion, } Ae .\ we know of no other publication like it. Shopping by mailfrom J MD21 q . P \' ~ oe it can be done at your ease. Our paramount reputation for Ne ad Solid Gold Be > - A ? N oer 69 Beare in var line Soar you a gratifying sense ) ss satisfaction, enhancec »y the knowledge Is The Time To Start Taking i 1, 7 Qe MN “that all sgoods may be returned if On are motrcor a : \ pletely satisfied. ; ‘ %: Jets. " N We would like poe write us today asking . + Bee Solia Golc ~\ ors x Guide No. Subscriptions for REVIEW OF REVIEWS ® HES b tor shopping Guide No. 6 Signet, $1.0 y ae im vy. Sm \ C. D. PEACOCK, with our LITTLE MASTERPIECE ’’ 3 : StatetandlimAdamanStrects series, the best-selling subscription books it ; ‘ Dawe CHICAGO out, or in connection with ‘‘OURIRRESIST- ET GA . \ Merchants. ini Diamonde. lm: IBLE MAGAZINE CLUBBING OFFERS ’’ ie, we) Sc parers und MastercCraiiec because << : /\:f \ Ra ' \ men in Gold and Silver, ' . Va )) \ Stationers, etc. THIS IS THE MONTH ‘I ‘ ESTABLISHED IN when people begin to invest more freely in " be Y 1887 books and magazines. Why? Habit. It’s the buying time for them, the selling time r ae : Ee ; ; = M523. Sterling Silver Tape Meas- READING TIME FOR ALL Ha Bcc, cic | AG ae, lene tae. $25,000.00 Key Ring, ¥ .5¢ IN SPECIAL CASH PRIZES entirely in addition to the liberal commis- sions paid on ali orders, new or renewal. If you want to win, you don’t need exper- ience, but you need ENERGY, and lots of it. ‘ M527. Bplled Gol DO NOT PROCRASTINATE ‘NE Goce be dl we" SB LAS Write at once for further particulars to the ee ’ s : 35 REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY, Room 415, 13 Astor Place, New York. M519 We will send 1) GARDENS | | ceo Oe . “FAnti-Blubius” and Scientific American i htt: Ar |i Sk i ht ye ! | Hitt ‘ for one year to one address for Absolutely and permanently impervious against | isos =60F IVE DOLLARS rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement. Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- Bu tch er’s | light without coming in contact with or danger of breaking glass. Boston Polish A—Steel Supporting Bar © F—Copper Sheet Cap ' B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galv. Brass Spring ig | ‘h Gc D / Cc Is the best finish made for FLOORS, C—Fiat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud Manutaetired G . rouve O . and maeector, Wordwe rk and D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on Erected by Bridgeport, Connecticut ie Not brittle ; will neither scratch nor oo skylight) g p ? ~ deface like shellac or varnish. Is ot Ss the natural color and beauty of the wood, ithout doubt the most economical and satisfactory Also Manufacturers and Erectors of and House-Furnishings. edt ce The Lovell Window Operating Device advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. The only device on the market that will, if desired, THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 856 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mas . SST oe eae operate a line of sash 500 ft. long Our No. 3 Reviver Kitchen and piazza floors, For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware 408 AMERICAN HOMES AND “GARDENS December, 1906 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Ne bold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Siee a Brooklyn, New York ARCHITECTS This is the Age of the METAL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile LATEST © BEST DESIGNS and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day. Ed TTPGEINGG The NEW CENTURY METAL SHINGLES are fire-proof, are Quality the Highest J# Honest Prices Se ee CatnEiEe light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely em- ae. a ; : bossed, lock perfect and patented. SEND FOR; CATALOGUE And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than any- thing when you figure all the saving points involved, cost of insurance, etc. HORNET eIMANTEL CO. Don’t fail to get booklet No. 25 we send you free, chuck full of the roofing question, 1112 to 1120 «Market St. 2# ST. LOUIS comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. CHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CO., Chattanooga, Tenn. @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD? COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York December, 1906 Cement SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly describes the proper composition and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570, and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing con crete, concrete construction, and their appli- cations. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced con- crete. Nothing better has been published. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry in which practical notes on the proper prepa- ration of concrete are given. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1534 gives a critical review of the engineer- ing value of reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1547 and 1548 give a resumé in which the various systems of reinforced concrete con- struction are discussed and illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analyzed. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1573 contains an article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of success in concrete block manufacture, illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1575, 1576, and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their preparation and use for farm purposes. The paper exhaustively dis- cusses the making of mortar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- struction of reinforced concrete posts, etc. } THE “GLOBE” ‘ A LA ‘tsiveoteor The Globe Ventilator and sold on merit SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1396 discusses the testing of cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1325 contains an article by Professor Will- iam K, Hatt giving an historical sketch of slag cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and composition, by the well-known authority, Spencer B. Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1510 and 1511 present a _ discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a_ physico-chemical standpoint. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with materials which retard the activity of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1465 and 1466 publishes an exhaustive illus- trated account of the Edison Portland ce- ment works, describing the machinery used, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1533 contains a resumé of the cement in- dustry and gives some valuable formule. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. Stone is the author. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry of the United States. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1586 contains a review of concrete mixing machinery by William L. Larkin. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1583 gives valuable suggestions on the selec- tion of Portland cement for concrete blocks. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1581 splendidly discusses concrete aggre- gates. 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These drawbacks are wholly lacking in Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling, which is prac- tically silent to the tread, never slippery, seal-close at the joints, and fully as durable as any of the above. NEW YORK, 1665 Broadway CHICAGO, 1241 Michigan Avenue ‘PHILADELPHIA, 615 North Broad Street SPECIAL DESIGNS APPROPRIATE TO ANY INDIVIDUAL INTERIOR ARE READILY EXECUTED WITHOUT EXTRA COST Pennsylvania Rubber Company JEANNETTE, PA. {ie AS AGAINST LINOLEUMS and other similar materials: These are merely make- shifts for flooring, and none deserve the dignity of comparison with Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling. AS AGAINST ALL OTHER RUBBER TILINGS, the Pennsylvania Brand is adaptable to unmatchable designs, is richer and permanent of coloring, superior in quality, laid with much greater facility and is full 3¢ in. thick, while no higher in cost. IN SHORT, Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling is the most economical, elegant, sanitary and desirable flooring material in the world. NO ARCHITECT OR BUILDER does justice to himself without having on hand data regarding Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling, and our Book-of-Designs-in-Color, which will be sent on request, with list of important buildings fur- nished with this flooring. ATLANTA, GA., 102 Prior St. BOSTON, 167 Oliver Street BUFFALO, N. Y. Main and Tupper Streets LONDON, 4 Snow Hill Ci ete Va Dikh ia) te . in 2 5185 00 ehhh hm ene ANT vs eat SU ry “en iesyrar"runs Stee Tet oh mee pay . Sh ahem Se Y; J“. th a ae “ saw ay iy ety « . Pew ENON Trae Mt Bh ehh ce BA tN erg ge me re 2 on A yur nee jm "wra ye 0'WAW yey uu funy: Naench ns : Nausueee a A Ay Mal A SBA mee oe a a.