HARVARD: UNIVERSITY: LB Rak OF THE MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY Hi gy i AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. : VOLUME II. EDITED BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR., Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History, the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the California Academy of Natural Sciences, the Zoological-Botanical Society of Vienna, Xc. CONTAINING ARTICLES BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M.D., WM. M. GABB, 0. A. L. MORCH, E. MICHENER, M. D., JOHN G. ANTHONY, H. CROSSE, THOMAS BLAND, W. HARPER PEASE, F DAULTE, P. P. CARPENTER, And the Editor. T. A. CONRAD, ILLUSTRATED BY 27 COLORED AND PLAIN PLATES, PHILADELPHIA : GEORGE W. Tryon, Jr., 625 Market STReEeEt. BOSTON: NEW YORK: Littie, Brown & Co. Bal.uieke Brotuers, No. 520 Broadway. LONDON: TRUBNER & Co., No, 60 Paternoster Row MADRID: PARIS: C. Batiy-BaILiierg, Calle del Principe. J B. BAILuieRE ET Fins, Rue Hautefenille. BERLIN: AsHER & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. 1866. Parr 1 published January Ist, 1866. iris April Ist, «3 July 1st, x i “in ee Oeto ber Cthiv \ “ PON TENTS. Part 1—January ist, 1866. . Description of a New American Species of Helix. By Wes lever NiewiCOMID GIMEOID: cnssccccslacssanscclssecectsclsccsecsadiercicertose se . On an Abnormal Specimen of Planorbis bicarinatus. Bye GCOrlem Wear yO swdlaconecsiecscarlecencescelseronsssarinccanecaisesteasce . Descriptions of New Fresh-Water Shells of the United SLAs coy, George AW. LinVOMa iilmeccderasaaasaslesenactwaesececes . Descriptions of New Exotic Fresh-Water Mollusca. IBY COLZC Ge WGyOla wiky nscecelascdeslechenceamacacen one seaiadscaantslensstes . Description of a New Species of Rissoa. By George W. PNIy OMe awansed, cateeeere censessotetenescut eammeav ates seats MMenaanl ecendes . Addition to “Catalogue of Helices Inhabiting the West Coast of North America, North of Cape St. Lucas.”’ Byw Wesley Nemcomily; MODs scr Scouse cent Joa commas sophnpieietesaces . Monograph of the Family Strepomatide. (Continued.) Bi Geoncen Wil by OW. fri) Vey case sie oy cain dao adaris ode Stee san ededadeetarnaaced . Note on Helix rufa, DeKay. By E. Michener, M. D........... Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Opercu- lated Land Shells which inhabit the Continent of America and the West Indies, with a Catslosas, of the American Species. By Thomas Bland.. -. Note on the Taernal Rinna e of pee eHeP UE By aN Bland ; Tile reeiieae: of REG EAS cei anit Descriptions < ‘of Wew Species. By T. A. Conrad.. . Note on the Genus Gadus, with Meseaipiene of. some New Genera and skin of American Fossil Shells. By T. A. Conrad . 13. Descriptions of New Species of Australian Fresh-Water Shells. By T. A. Conrad.. : 14. Note on Mr. Pease’s Beeeiae of Polynesian Phanero- pneumona. By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr.. 15. On ae Modes Classification of Mollusks. oe 0. nae oe OL CIM ree atviciesliactels'nie\nieiebebe\claie'eseloplalclanlioe cicistve icicle ecieieteslaslccies, auinicwel ost nena neat 16. Reply to Mr. Conrad’s Criticism on Mr. Gabb’s “Report on the Paleentology of California.’ By Wm. M. Gabb. EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews ,...... irae sue \vaacens: taracs/epace nessa mceiuatet a eee, UNRTeNI Jie oes American. —Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Foreign.—Journal de eee ee &e. Scientific Intelligence ... ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Dr. Wesley Newcomb, with Autograph. Three Colored and Two Plain Plates. iii. 93 96 iv. CONTENTS. Part 2—April Ist, 1866. Further Observations on Mr. Gabb’s Leonor peas of California. By T. A. Conrad.. . Observations on Recent and ross Shells, Sith, ororeted new Genera and Species. By T. A. Conrad............ss000 101 . Descriptions of new Species of He tianyy faetaceous Bud Recent Shells. By T. A. Conrad.. 4. Description of a new Species of Unio. By T. a Gomme 107 5. Description of a new Species of Vivipara. By George W. AVON. (DTS iis 2ss Pocceeeercusteceaeteanenstaeta dunce ssscense’ Maateeatere ns wees. 108 6. Descriptions of new Fluviatile Mollusca. ae nae ae ry Os dT: ssescoc) <= Sstiess eaves ol al 7. Observations on an Abdo ppeceaen of Piven een By Georce We Tryon, driitisercsedisnse-cee> andaneod-wn co teewesrtowe none 114 8. Monograph of the family Strepomatide, (concluded.) By CORFE Iie: PTY OD, (OT seccecstewthedsevene is derer oasencjec ener eaeca ten soars 115 9. Note on the Lingual Dentition of the Strepomatide. By George Werlry OM dls case. cocscsreceese vosesescdivavues cobeusieree tect isareee 134 10. Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Opercu- lated Land Shells which inhabit the Continent of North America and the West Indies, (continued.) By EN OMMAS BANG Ese shee. cdeseeesscsatss sce toce tone teisecehesie coins « Len cat sesweclacens 136 11. Descriptions of new American Fresh-water Shells. By JOHNIG AMEN OM tecscotsenetessardicccttcuescdeccsravnserhetdee ss euscaseesce 144 EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications...... 148 American.—Review of the Northern Buccinums, by Dr. Wm. Stimp- Foreign.. — Conchologia son.—Reprint of Conchological Papers, by Isaac Lea.—List of Brachiopoda from the Island of Anticosti, by N. S. Shaler.—Stimp- son’s Researches upon the Hydrobiinse.—Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.— Morse’s new Species of Pupadze.—Notes on Terrestrial Mollusca, with Descriptions of new Species, by Thomas Bland.—Reperterio fisico-natural de la Isla de Cuba. urther Reports on Shetland Dredgings, by J. ‘Gwyn nA mau we eee of the Linnean Society. ~ British Conchology, Vol. 3, by Jeffreys. Malacologie @’ Aix les Bains, Monographie ‘du genre Paladilhia, et Moit- essieria, Mollusques de la Sahara, by J. R. Bourguignat. Journal de Conchyliologie. —Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. —Malacologie de la Grande-Chartreuse, by Bourguignat. —Malacologie de PAl gerie, by Bourguignat.— Bulletin de l Academie Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersburg. -—Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium.—Ueber die Familie der Rissoiden, by Mohrenstern.—Novitates Conchologice, by Pfeiffer, Dunker and Romer.—Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte. Ofversigt af Kong]. Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, &c. Scientific: ImtelbigenGe-Fiieencseoeses sataceeellisss aces) vase od) som sreeee Races 179 On the Anatomy of Tridacna elongata, by Leon Vaillant.—On the correct Application of Certain Terms used in the Description of Shells, by A. A. Gould, M.D.—Curious Distortion in the Shell of Physa heterostropha. — Remarks on the Habits of Spirialis Flem- ingii, by Alex. Agassiz.—Collection of Shells for Sale.-—Report of the Gonchologic: al Committee of the Academy of Natural Sciences. — Address of the Building-tund Committee of the Academy of Na- tural Sciences, &c. CONTENTS. ODIGWAIY. cic. canon eM eMR a ccchee =-00des a ta, Sete. ives aed Sele Roches cconsccs sescceaas Lovell Reeve. —M. Valenciennes.—Bouchard-Chantereaux. {LLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of John G. Anthony, with Autograph. Three Colored and Four Plain Plates. Part 3—July ist, 1866. 1. Descriptions of New Species of Partula,. jnbebiting the Tahitian Archipelago. By W. Harper Pease.. 2. Remarks on Nudibranchiata inhabiting the Pacific ee ands, with aba of two New Genera. By W. ELAN pPeRUP GARG woes d-chesseoe Bocce cdck catesiecines soc eetlsaeee kha abcde 3. Descriptions of MeHatinelle: By Wesley Newcomb, M. D.. 4. Monograph of the Terrestrial ots pty of ne United . 218 States. By George W. Tryon, Jr. 1. Preface. 2. Introduction. 3. Descriptions of Species. 4, Reference to Plates and Synonymy. 5. peepee of American Sek an cic Shells. By T. A. (COTTA ea tase Petites ttes calla eesee occa os Oa aeekT Peete RG Cae ELLE 6. Descriptions’ of New Marine Bivalve Shells. By T. A. (WOMMAMH Jae-ceres.selacsecoaccless shel eesscsiecaate cesses on ve caters mcmececeeeen NRO VACWIS eels hecsaiceetetoccolbosteress) @bssetecncweades wane SPOR TERE | Sp. American. Marae edings of the Essex mertine: Bee nea of the . 198 204 5 0H) Academy of Science ‘of St. Louis.—Annals of the New York Ly- .- ceum of Natural History.—Brown’s Catalogue of Shells.—Note on the affinities of Bellerophontidxe, by F. B. Meek. Foreign.—Tate’s Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Great Britain.— Conchologia Iconica, etc. Obituary ..... Cantraine = Paalsons. ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Prof. S. S. Haldeman, with Autograph. Three Colored and Four Plain Plates. vi. CONTENTS. Part 4—October ist, 1866. 1. Descriptions of New Species of Land Shells ee Polynesia. By William Harper Pease a8 289 2. A Well-abused Mollusk. By H. Crosse. @ianalnted: on Franke) aultes..t5. sc: .aftecs dtcoeteoencentcaeeeneraeccs ter ores beste ce teccecs 294 3. Description of a nee eRe of Columna. ey George W. Tryon, Jr.. ce 297 4. Descriptions of ‘New ‘Species Oe Tigiiani) far ‘Melano- pide. By George W. Tryon, Jr... , 299 5. Description of a New Bpecice of Soptifer. By Geone W. TTYOD, JY...csece seoeseee . 302 6. Description of a ew Suecieal of Hela a ieccre ge ° W. AE OHA Lederer soce-coss.0 as acchjeettomeent antes Manet Ataecd: ascape\tecxssitasess 303 7. On the Terrestrial Mollusca of the puane Island of Navassa. By George W. Tryon, Jr.. . 304 8. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca ee, the United States. (Continued.) By George W. Tryon, Jr.. seneeeoUG 9. Ona Species of Helix from Whines ss supposed i Be New. By William H. Dall. . 328 10. Descriptions of Three New Species of ama Shells aor Arizona. oy, William M- Gab occ... 2c..antet>sedete-* sans aeamaies sone 330 11. On the Acmeeide of the Vancouver and California BEG. vince. By P. P. Carpenter.. es Meee) 12. Remarks on the Distribution of ime Tageoee eisindl seat Shells which inhabit the Continent of America and the West Indies. By Thomas Bland ...... ccc... ccsee eseeree 349 18. Descriptions of New Species of North American mend Shells:, ,pBy Pf homas Bland) snc srtejvannen coaes- pcb enevteossadeogyenneye 371 EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications . . 875 American.—Conchological Notes, by Dall.—Proceedings of the Philadel. phia Academy of Natural Sciences.—American Journal of Science and Arts. Foreign.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London.—Conchologia Teonica, by L. Reeve, Journal de Conchyliologie. Scientific Intelligence...... ...cece veces cones coe ccenes nssseere senses eo aeer eve 384 Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, Mass.—Building Fund of the Academy of Natural Sciences, & ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Thomas Bland, with Autograph. Two Colored and Two Plain Plates. LIST OF AUTHORS, AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS. Anthony, John G. Descriptions of New American Fresh-water Shells, — - - 144 Bland, Thomas, Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Operculated and Inoperculated Land Shells which Inhabit the Continent of America and the West Indies, with a Catalogue of the American Species, - - - - - - - 54, 136, 349 Note on the Internal Structure of Megaspira, - - 64 Descriptions of New Species of North American jana Shells, 3871 Carpenter, P. P. » On the Acmeide of the Vancouver and Californian Province, 332 Conrad, T. A. Illustrations of Miocene Fossils, with Descriptions of New Spe- cies, = = x 4 2 2 3 f \ S 65 Note on the Genus Gadus, with Descriptions of some New Genera and Species of American Fossil Shells, — - 2 75 Descriptions of New Species of Australian Fresh-water Shells, 79 Further Observations on Mr. Gabb’s Paleontology of California, 97 Observations on Recent and Fossil Shells, with Proposed New Genera and Species, - - 5 é 5, Otte A 101 Descriptions of New Species of Tertiary, Cretaceous and Re- cent Shells, - = - = x = a s % 104. Description of a New Species of Unio, - = - - 107 Descriptions of American Fresh-water Shells, — - = - 278 Descriptions of New Marine Bivalve Shells, - - - 280 Crosse, H. A Well-abused Mollusk, - - - - - « = 294 Vill. LIST OF AUTHORS, ETC. Dall, William H. On a Species of Helix from California, supposed to be New, 328 Daulte, Frank. A Well. abused ES (Translated from the French of H. Crosse.) - = : 2 = . , : a 994 Gabb, William M. Reply to Mr. Conrad’s Criticism on Mr. Gabb’s ‘‘ Report on the Paleontology of California, - - « - 87 Descriptions of Three New Species of Land Shells from Arizona, 330 Morch, O. A. L. On the Modern Classification of Mollusks, - - = - 83 Newcomb, Wesley, M.D. Description of a New American Species of Helix, : - 1 Addition to ‘‘ Catalogue of Helices Inhabiting the West Coast of North America, North of Cape St. Lucas,”? - = 13 Descriptions of Achatinelle, - - - - - - 209 Pease, William Harper. Descriptions of New Species of Partula, Inhabiting the Tahitian Archipelago, - - : - - 2 ¢ = = 193 Remarks on Nudibranchiata Inhabiting the Pacific Islands, with Descriptions of Two New Genera, - > - 204 Descriptions of New Species of Land Shells, in hadhi sine Poly- nesia, - - - - ; - < - - - 289 Tryon, George W., Jr. On an Abnormal Specimen of Planorbis bicarinatus, - - 3 Descriptions of New Fresh-water Shells of the United States, 4 Descriptions of New Exotic Fresh-water Mollusca, - - 8 Description of a New Species of Rissoa, - - - - 12 Monograph of the Family Strepomatide, = - - - - 14, 115 Note on Mr. Pease’s Species of Polynesian Phaneropneumona, 82 Description of a New Species of Vivipara, - - - - 108 Descriptions of New Fluviatile Mollusca, — - = - - 111 Observations on an Abnormal Specimen of Physa gyrina, - 114 Note on the Lingual Dentition of the Strepomatide, - - 134 Monograph of Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States, 218, 306 Description of a New Species of Columna, - - - - 297 Descriptions of New Species of Melaniidee and Melanopide, 299 Description of a New Species of Septifer, - - - - 302 Description of a New Species of Helix, = eae = - 303 On the Terrestrial Mollusca of the Guano Island of Navassa, 304 =~ 2 Published Quarterly, at $3 per No., or $10 per Annum. = Volk =. Part i. AMERICAN JSOURNAL OF COIN CH OLOGeyY. January h;. LS&oe: > <> > EDITED BY GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr., Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History,the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the California Academy of Natural Sciences, &c. PHILADELPHIA : GrEorRGE W. Tryon, JR., 625 Marker STREET. > NEW YORK: BOSTON : BAILLIERE Broruers, No, 520 Broadway. LitTLE, BRowN & Co. LONDON: TRUBNER & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row. PARIS: MADRID: J. B. BAILLierReE ET Fits, Rue Hautefeuille. C, BAILLY-BAILLIERE, Calle del Principe. BERLIN: ASHER & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. Yeaxket & Bro., Printers, 23 N. Sixth St. ee ESH WATER SHELLS WANTED. Go. HOLoGIsts or Dealers having FRESH WATER SHELLS from any part of the world, for sale or exchange, will please for- ward Catalogues of species and prices, to CHARLES M. WHEATLEY, _ Jan. 1865, (ly) ; Phenixville, Pennsylvania. Geigg@e eae Cay NA 2 Ie Ea CIN, digs 625 MARKET STREET, PHILADEPHIA, U. S. BXCHANGES. I offer to Conchologists and Collectors, to exchange any of my publications, including the “ American Journal of Conchology,” and also my duplicate shells, for their memoirs an Conchological sub- jects on far eneeimens I di ae quest a aa — = - eee with ] ib ibrary of the Musem My B be Museum will dispos . hae very | | on | and the U ee io COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, 43 | ) a | AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. | ) A | | Founded by private subscription, fn 1861. ) | ) ) PD ) a ) M | Deposited by Louis Agassiz. | ) SI : No. 3 37€ NAl hee Sean es Ameri- a me as above, Washington, U.u.,° * ; and forward their packages to either of the following booksellers :—G. Bossange & Co., Paris. Dr. Felix Flugel, Leipzig, Saxony. Wm. Wesley, 2 Queen’s Head Passage, Paternoster Row, London. American correspondents can forward heavy packages by express or rail. Light packages can be forwarded by mail. VOL. I.—1865. Coutaining 400 pages, illustrated by 31 colored and plain plates; with papers by Conrad, Anthony, Bland, Wheatley, Binney, Newcomb, Haldeman, Stimpson, etc. Price in numbers, $12. Or each number separately, $3.60. A few copies, beautifully bound in red morroceo, gilt, bevelled sides, red edges, at $15. Noricr.—To those who subscribe to Vol. II., the First Volume will be furnished at $10, or bound as above, at $12. Seas Ms) uae? is au a eas Lee 3 Coa + oan , Ld ia hy only 1 FeP Gs, (7 Ft LAY CW Froma photograph for theAmerican Journal of Conchology. Bowen& ColithPhilada. PAVE BES: ds © AwoIN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Vor tr JANUARY 1, 1866. No: & DESCRIPTION OF A NEW AMERICAN SPECIES OF HELIX. BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D. HeELIx IDAHOENSIS, Newcomb.—+. 1, f. 1, 2, 3. Description.H. testa profunde umbilicata, turbinato-con- oidea, corneo-cinerea, apice obtusa; anfr.5 rotundatis, quarum duobus primis levibus vel minute oblique striatis, reliquis forte costatis; costis in anfr. ultimo 20 ad 26, albis; sutura bene impressa; apertura perobliqua, rotundata, que peristo- mate integro, simplici, non-reflexo. Dimensions.—Diam. major 525 pol., minor ‘45 pol., axis 46: pol. Locality.— Between Idaho City and Cour d’Alene Mining District, Idaho Territory, (H. Hemphill.) Shell deeply umbilicate, turbinately conic, ashy horn-color, apex obtuse; whorls 5, rounded, the first two smooth, or mi- nutely obliquely striated, the remainder strongly ribbed trans- versely, numbering on the last whorl 20 to 26, of a clear white color; suture well impressed; aperture very oblique and. cir- cular; lip entire, simple, not reflected. 2 AMERICAN JOURNAL My Cabinet. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—I know of no Helix with which this species can be compared. H. eryptoportica, Pfr. has comparatively more and finer ribs, with the shell of quite a distinct form. In the character of the ribs, standing out prominently on a ground of a darker color, the contrast and general appearance reminds one of some species of Scalaria. The nearest approach of any terrestrial species with which I am acquainted, in this respect, is Bulimus Fairbanki, Pfr. from Bombay. The rounded whorls, circular mouth and strong ribs mark a new type of the genus for America. OF CONCHOLOGY. 3 ON AN ABNORMAL SPECIMEN OF PLANORBIS BICARINATUS. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. Plate 1, Fig. 4 The shell figured, is in the collection of Charles M. Wheat- ley, Esq., of Pheenixville, Pa. and was collected by him at Mexico, Owego Co., N. Y. It has assumed a turbinate and scalariform shape, the spire being obtusely elevated, whorls very convex, with deep suture, and the upper carina strongly developed; at the base it is narrowly umbilicate, the umbilical region small, and bounded by the lower carina; the aperture is small, ovate, somewhat expanded, and much thickened within; owing to compression, the two extremities of the lip join upon the body, and are turned into the aperture, forming a strong rib, which revolves within the shell. Numerous abnormal EKuropean Planorbes are illustrated in Hartmann’s magnificent work, “Hrd und Siisswasser Gastero- poden der Schweiz,” but the species are all small ones. This is the first American specimen which we have observed to de- viate much from the normal form; reversed or scalariform shells being very much rarer in America than in Europe. Some of our species of Limnexa are sometimes slightly scalari- form, and in the Viviparide this is more frequent, but the de- viation has never been observed to be very great. Jelantho integra and decisa are both occasionally met with, reversed. I believe that no scalariform Helix has been observed in the United States, and the reversed specimens known do not ex- ceed ten or twelve.* * See ‘‘ Note on Variation in Species of Helix in Eastern North America,” in ‘‘ Remarks on Certain Species of. North American Helicide,’’ by Thos, Bland.- -Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist., New York, VII , 1862. 4 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF THE UNITED STATES. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. STREPOMATID Zi. 1. ANGITREMA WHEATLEYI, Tryon.—t. 2, fi 1. Description.— Shell conoidal, inflated, rather thin; spire conical, sharp pointed, suture not much impressed; whorls about 6, those of the spire flattened, the body whorl large, rather flattened above the somewhat angled periphery, convex below, and somewhat attenuate at the base; the periphery is ornamented with a single prominent row ‘of slightly com- pressed tubercles, and ‘above is rugosely wrinkled, with a tendency towards tuberculation; aperture large, sub-rhom- boidal, half the length of the shell, somewhat attenuate below, columella nearly perpendicular, a little twisted. Bright horn- color, with four broad, equidistant brown bands. Dimensions—Length 25 mill., diam. 16 mill. Habitat—Elk River, at Winchester, Tenn., (C. M. Wheat- ley.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatley. Observations.—This species is much more inflated, and has more numerous tubercles than A. Duttoniana, Lea; it is in appearance more like an obese variety of A. verrucosa, Raf.,, but that species is heavier in texture, and has several rows of tubercles. The well-developed tubercles and inferiorly con- tracted aperture will readily distinguish this species from Lz- thasia fuliginosa, Lea. 2. PLEUROCERA BICINCTUM, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 2. Description.—Shell elevated conical, somewhat cylindrical, thick, smooth and shining; spire elevated, obtuse, suture dis- tinctly but not deeply impressed; whorls about 6, somewhat flattened, the last with an angular periphery, which is cari- nate, and a second carina, less distinct, below it; lines of ~ OF CONCHOLOGY. 2) crowth crowded, curved; aperture rhomboidal, rather narrow, terminating in a contracted fuse, outer lip very sinuous, curving forward towards the base, columella short and rounded. Bright olive-green, nearly orange beneath the suture; aper- ture and columella purple. Dimensions.—Length (eroded) 19 mill., diam. 10 mill. Hatitat—Bridgeport, Ala. (W. H. DeCamp.) Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatly, Phoenixville, Penna. Observations—This species is closely allied to PJ. aratum, Lea, but differs in the position of the carinex, the form of the aperture, etc. I do not know any other species with which it can be compared. I have seen only one individual, but the differences it exhibits are too marked to permit it to remain uncharacterized. 3. HURYCELON LEAilI, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 3. Description—Shell conical, thick, shining; spire conical, obtusely elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls about 6, slightly convex, everywhere covered with very fine close revolving striz, somewhat shouldered beneath the suture and crimped, body whorl large, slopingly convex; aperture large, ovate, broad below. Wax-yellow or somewhat olivaceous, lighter beneath the the suture, white within. Dimensions.—Length (eroded) 19 mill., diam. 13 mill. Hatitat—Ktowah River, Cartersville, Geo., (W.H. DeCamp.) Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatley, Phoenixville, Penna. Observations—This species is somewhat like Gon. luteola, Lea, in color, striz and texture, but differs in having tuber- cles, and in the form of the aperture. In @. pergrata, Lea, the striz are coarser, and the tuberculations wanting. It is a very neat species, beautifully marked by the narrowly com- pressed numerous tubercles under the suture, and its close, waved revolving strie. 4, GONIOBASIS UNDULATA, Tryon.t. 2, f. 4. Description—Shell turrited, narrow, moderately thick; spire much elevated, acute, suture deeply impressed; whorls 9 to 10, somewhat convex, sloping, carinate just above the suture, with faint pheations above the carina, crossed by raised revolving strize, which extend over all the whorls, and number 9 on the body whorl; the revolving stri, in crossing the ribs, appear undulated; aperture small, oval, a little angled at the base. Color dark brown, withont bands. 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL Dimensions—Length 19 mill, diam. 6°5 mill. Habitat.—Georgia. My Cabinet. Observations.—This species belongs to the great group of tu- berculate Goniobases so characteristic of the rivers of Georgia, among which may be named G. Htowahensis, inclinans, papiliosa, Postellit, &e. It differs from all of them by its crisp, rigid ap- pearance. It resembles somewhat, in form, G. porrecta, Lea, but is well distinguished by being a little wider, and by the strize being undulated above. LYMN AIDA. 5, PHYSA CONIFORMIS, Tryon.t. 2, f. 5. Description—sShell obovate or somewhat cone-shaped, the spire very short, with an acute, black-tipped apex; body whorl round, shouldered above, inflated, but becoming nar- rower below, while the long, somewhat ear-shaped aperture is broadly rounded below, causing the shell to resemble strikingly in outline, Conus tulipa, Linn.; whorls 5, the first ones minute; suture well impressed, lines of growth close and fine, surface polished, texture moderately thin, translucent. Color greyish- white, the lip slightly thickened and colored red; columella appressed, twisted and turned back at base, very much as in Ph. venusta, Lea, or Ph. diaphana, nob. Dimensions —Length 16 mill, diam. 9°5 mill. length of aperture 12 mill. Habitat—Uumboldt River, Oregon, (W. M. Gabb.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Wm. M. Gabb. Observations—A very distinct species, of which I possess several specimens. It is well separated from all the nume- rous species inhabiting the Pacific States, by its peculiar form; the color, also, is rather unusual. 6. PHYSA OLEACEA, Tryon.—t. 2, fi 6. Description—Shell completely oval, with the outline of the spire not elevated above a continuation of the general curve of the body; spire very short, apex minute, suture linear, but margined; whorls 4, rapidly increasing, the last large, nar- rowly oval; aperture long and narrow, the lip much thickened within; columellar lip heavy, polished, slightly twisted and turned back; texture thin, diaphanous, surface almost un- marked by growth-lines, brilliantly polished, and bright o7i- colored; columella tinged with pink, lip margined with dark red. OF CONCHOLOGY. q Dimensions.—Length 12 mill., diam. 7 mill. Habitat—Bridgeport, Ala., (Charles M. Wheatley.) Lake Superior, (Jos. Leidy, M.D.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Mr. C. M. Wheatley, Phoenixville, Penna. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- delphia. Observations.—This species, of which I have seen nume- rous examples, of all ages, is much shorter in the spire, more oval, and differently colored from Ph. gyrina, Say. Ph. brevi- spira, Lea, is differently colored and more inflated, and finally, Ph, Primeana, nob., is a smaller species, with distinct strizx, longer spire, and moreinflated. It is, I think, the most beau- tiful species of the genus yet detected in the United States. New Localities for Physe. PHYSA BREVISPIRA, Lea. Buffalo, N. Y. W. S. Nason. (Smithsonian Collection.) ce NIAGARENSIS, Lea. Grand Rapids, Mich. C. M. Wheatley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) rf GROSVENORII, Lea. Dayton, Nevada. C.M. Wheat- ley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) i PARVA, Lea. Little Valley, Nevada. C. M. Wheat- ley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) Fs Wuirtet, Lea. Chattahoochie River, Columbus, Geo (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) u GYRINA, Say. Carson, Nevada. C. M. Wheatley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) This is a very large variety, distinguished by an unpolished epidermis, and rough, coarse growth- lines. INTEGRA, Hald. Rhode Island. (Coll. Tryon.) Iam not aware of this species having been no- ticed until now, in any other locality, except that of the description, Indiana. i NIAGARENSIS, Lea. Lake Superior. Joseph Leidy, M.D. (Coll. Tryon.) This species may prove to be only a variety of integra, Hald. § AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW EXOTIC FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 1. VIVIPARA SUPRAFASCIATA, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 7. Description.—Globose-conic, inflated, rather thin; spire ele- vated-conic, suture deeply impressed; whorls 5, very convex, the last large, with very fine growth-lines, obsolete revolving lines and slight malleations; umbilicus small, the shell sub angular around it; aperture obliquely oval. Rather a bril- liant green, with the spire, and body whorl above the aperture, traversed by dark green narrow bands, five or six in number, which are disposed to be alternately narrower. Dimensions—Leneth 25 mill., diam. 20 mill. Habitat—Tropical Australia. My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Observations—This species in the general form reminds one of V. contecta, Millet, or of V. intertexta, Say. From V. Australis, Reeve, it is easily distinguished. That species is narrower, appressed above, with only a few distant brown lines, and the whorls are not so globose. It does not answer at all to the description of V. Waterhousei, recently described from Australia. 2. Hemistnus Binney, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 8. Description—Shell ovate, somewhat thin; spire moderately elevated, apex obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls 5, a little convex, the last large, smooth; aperture more than half the length of the shell, angulate above and below, columella curved, slightly notched at the base. Bright olive, with four darker bands, of which the second is widest, and about fifteen revolving rows of small, numerous, transverse dark red dots; bands red within the aperture. Dimensions —Length 13 mill., diam. 7 mill. OF CONCHOLOGY. 9 Habitat—New Grenada, (Wm. G. Binney.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Observations—This species is nearly related in form and coloring to H. aspersus, Reeve, from Brazil (=oscwlati, Villa), but the latter is spirally grooved, and is a more solid, ventri- cose shell. 3. PHysa (Istpora) Harinesn, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 9. Description —Shell ovate, ventricose, moderately thick (for the genus); spire short, acute, suture very deeply impressed ; whorls 3 to 4, very rapidly enlarging, extremely convex, the last bulbous, with very fine epidermal revolving lines; aper- ture broadly oval, well rounded above and below, columella lip almost equally curved with the outer one; a heavy callous deposit on the columella causes a continuous peritreme. Light horn-color. Dimensions.—Length 9°5 mill. diam. 7 mill. Habitat— Australia, (W. Newcomb, M.D.) India? (W. A. Haines.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of W. A. Haines, New York. Cabi- net of Wesley Newcomb, M. D., Oakland, Cal. Observations.—I cannot identify this species among those recently described from Australia, and its characters are so distinct that it cannot easily be confounded with any other. I am inclined to believe the locality India an error, because among the shells submitted to me by Mr. Haines, were a num- ber of Australian, as well as Indian species. 4, PHysA (BULINUS) ACUTISPIRA, Tryon.t. 2, f. 10. Description.—Shell cylindrically-ovate, elongated, very thin, transparent, highly polished; spire elevated, very acute, suture slightly impressed; whorls 5, oblique, slightly convex; aper- ture narrow-ovate, two-thirds the total length, columella a little folded, and semewhat turned back at the base. Very light horn-color. Dimensions—Length 12 mill., diam. 6 mill. Habitat Australia, (W. A: Haines.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of W. A. Haines, New York. Observations—May be compared to Bulinus hypnorum, Linn., of Hurope, or Ph. virginea, Gould, of Oregon. Among the species recently described in the “Zool. Proc. of London,” I find none with which this can be identified. 10 AMERICAN JOURNAL 5. PLANORBIS EKSPERANZENSIS, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 11, 12, 18. Description —Shell small; whorls 8, high, obliquely convex very closely revolving; spire somewhat sunken above, shallow below; aperture long and very narrow, oblique. Dark horn- color, shining. Dimensions. Axis 15 mill., diam. 3 mill. Habitat.—Ksperanza, Cuba, (C. M. Wheatley.) My Collection. Collection of Charles M. Wheatley, Phoe- nixville, Penna. Observations.—This curious little species came along with Pl. lucidus, Pfr., with which it has probably hitherto been confounded. The ducidus is more wheel-shaped, much lighter in color, and the whorls do not revolve nearly so close one upon the other, consequently are all well exhibited, the spire occupying half the diameter; whereas in Hsperanzensis, it does not comprise scarcely one-third. In the close revolution of the whorls, this species resembles Pl. contortus, Mich. of Europe, and in its form it is strikingly like the Indian Pl. calathus, Bens. 6. PLANORBIS (PLANORBULA) BERENDTU, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 14, 15, 16. Description—Shell smooth, consisting of three orbicular volutions, increasing moderately in size; spire a little sunken, suture very distinct, below a little more shallow than above, but otherwise not differing; surface marked by growth-lines; aperture oval, slightly dilated, not extending either above or below, beyond the plane of the volutions, far within dentate, namely on the lip, three narrow, small, equidistant transverse lamelle, and below them one large perpendicular lamina; on the body opposite, is a central curved transverse lamina, and a smaller one below it. Very light horn-color. Dimensions —Axis 2 mill., diam. 6 mill. Habitat—Vera Cruz, Mexico, (Berendt.) Orizaba, Mexico, (Botter1.) % My Collection. Collection of Charles M. Wheatley, Phee- nixville, Penna. Observations.—A little less in size than Pl. armigerus, Say, and externally not unlike it, except in the color being much lighter, and the umbilicus much more shallow. ‘The teeth are arranged very much in the same manner as in armigerus. OF CONCHOLOGY. 11 7. LYMNEA WILSoNU, Tryon.—t. 2. f. 17. Description—Shell sinistral, sub-fusiform, thin; spire elon- gated, acute, suture deeply impressed; whorls 6, convex, oblique, rapidly increasing in size, the last narrowly oval; aperture sub- ovate, half the total length, narrow, columella a little twisted and reflected, leaving a narrow, deep umbilicus. Light amber- color. Dimensions.—Length 22 mill., diam. 10 mill. Habitat—New Zealand. My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Observations.—This is one of the finest of the few sinistral species. It may be compared with LZ. Timorensis, but that is a heavier species, more rugose, with the spire more obtuse, and not so convex. Dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Thomas B. Wilson. LYMNEA CUBENSIS, Pfr. I. St. Croix. Dr. R. E. Griffith. (Coll. Acad. Nat. Sciences.) a & “ — Terroya River, Vera Cruz, Mexico, Strebel. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) MACROSTOMA, Say, Mexico. Berendt. (Coll. Wheat- ley.) AMNICOLA CINCINNATIENSIS, Anth. Orizaba, Mexico. Bot- teri. (Coll. Wheatley.) 12 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF RISSOA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. RIssoA EXILIS, Tryon.—t. 2, f. 18. Description—Shell subulate, light brown, consisting of six convex volutions, with well-marked suture; aperture oval, proportionally very small; surface covered with slight re- volving strize? Dimensions —Leneth ‘135 inch, diameter ‘07 inch; length of aperture 04 inch, breadth ‘03 inch, Habitat—San Diego, Cal., on salt water grass, (Dr, J. G. Cooper.) My Cabinet. Observations.—1 find only a single specimen of this very distinct Rissoid among a lot of &. Cooperii, nob. There ap- pear to be traces of revolving strize on this specimen, which is, unfortunately, not in good condition, being a dead shell. OF CONCHOLOGYs 13 ADDITION TO “CATALOGUE OF HELICES INHABIT- ING THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF CAPE ST. LUCAS.’’* BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M.D. New Localities. 4, Hetrx TOWwNSENDIANA, Lea. Between Idaho City and Cour d’Alene Mining District, Idaho Territory, (H. Hemphill.) This is a small variety of the species. 6. HELIX CALIFORNIENSIS, Lea. Monterey, Cal. 16. HELIX TUDICULATA, Binney. Mountains of San Bernardino. 37. HELIX sTRIGOSA, Gould. Between Idaho City and Cour d’Alene Mining District, Idaho Territory, (H. Hemphill.) 42. HELIX FULVA, Drap. San Gorgonio Pass, Los Angelos County. Additional Species. 44, HELIX ARBOREA, Say. Los Angelos, Cal. British Columbia. 45, HELIX MINUSCULA, Binney. San Bernardino Valley. 46, HeLix IpAnoENsis, Newcomb. Between Idaho City and Cour d’Alene Mining District, Idaho Territory, (A. Hemphill.) * This Journal, Vol. I., p. 342. 14 AMERICAN JOURNAL MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY STREPOMATIDZA. | Continued from p. 841, Vol. I.) BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. GONIOBASIS, Lea. a. Shell spirally ridged. 1. G. procissa, Anh. Fig. 1. Ovate, thick, inflated; spire short, conical; whorls 5, convex, the last large, with five sharp, raised revolving carine, the two central ones more prominent; aperture small, round-ovate. Greenish or brown- ish. NV. Car. b. Shell tuberculate or nodulous. 2. G. varians, Lea. Figs. 2, 8. Cylindrically conical; smooth, plicate or striate, thick; spire raised, suture impressed ; whorls 7, shouldered, and frequently tuberculate; aperture small, elliptical, narrow at base. Yellowish or brownish, sometimes banded. Coosa River, Ala. 3. G. Hydeii, Conv. Fig.4. Elevated, conical; spire ele- vated, suture slightly impressed; whorls about 7, flattened, the last rounded below the periphery, with three or four acute spiral lines of tubercles on the upper portion of the whorl, and one or two rows on the spire; aperture elliptical. Brown- ‘ish, sometimes with green bands. Black Warrior River, Ala. 4. G. decorata, Anth. Figs. 5, 6, 7. Sub-fusiform; spire elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, last very large, covered with transverse rows of tubercles, the lines towards the base less tuberculate; aperture large, rhomboidal. Yellowish or dark brown, frequently with several dark bands. (reo. and E.. Tenn. Fig. 5 represents G. decorata, Anth., the young shell; Fig. 6 is G. gra- nata, Lea, a half-grown shell, and Fig. 7is G. Tryoniana, Lea, the adult. 5. G. celatura, Conr. Fig. 8. Sub-fusiform; spire ob- tusely elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last large, with obscure longitudinal ribs, and numerous unequal, prominent revolving lines, sub-nodulous where they cross the ribs; aperture rather large, oval. Reddish brown, sometimes banded. (feo. Narrower, with closer striz, and not so fuberculate as decorata, OF CONCHOLOGY. 15 6. G. oceata, Hinds. Fig. 9. Ovate, rather thin; spire obtuse; whorls few, rounded, grooved, with sharp ridges, elevated into frequent irregular, sharp, acute tubercles. Brown- ish, the ridges marked internally with narrow brown bands. California. 7. G. Albanyensis, Zea. Fig. 10. Conical, rather thin; spire sub-elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 6, planulate, those of the spire plicate, with revolving granulate lines throughout; body whorl convex; aperture moderate, sub-rhomboidal, a little sinuous below. Yellowish-olive. Al- bany, Baker Co., Geo. 8. G. Stewardsoniana, Zea. Fig. 11. Sub-fusiform, thick, shining; spire very obtuse, suture impressed; whorls slightly convex, the last large, transversely striate, somewhat eranulate; aperture very large, oval. Dark green or brown. Knoxville, Tenn. Very closely allied to No. 5 (Fig. 8), but is thicker, smaller, without bands, and generally of a peculiar dark green color. 9. G. flavescens, Zea. Fig. 12. Sub-cylindrical, thick ; spire obtusely conical, elevated, suture irregularly impressed ; whorls about 5, slightly convex, the last very large, folded, closely striate, and slhghtly granulate; aperture large, rhom- boidal. Light yellowish, white, or tinged with pink or nu- merously pink-banded within. Oconee and Tennessee Rivers, EH. Tenn. Narrower, more finely striate, and much lighter color than celatura (No. 5, Fig. 8). 10. G. catenaria, Say. Figs.13, 14,15. Elongate, conoidal; spire conical, with a carinated angle above the suture, ob- scurely longitudinally ribbed; ribs crossed by several re- . volving lines, and terminating in tubercles on the body whorl; aperture small, elliptical. Brownish. S. Car. Geo. Fig. 13 is catenaria, from one of Say’s type specimens; Fig. 14 is a half- grown, and Fig. 15 the adult (and typical) swblérata, Conr. 11. G, catenoides, Zea. Vigs. 16,17, 18, 19. Elevated conical; spire elevated; whorls flattened, suture well im- pressed ; body whorl large, inflated, angulate in middle; whorls with longitudiual ribs, terminating tuberculately upon the periphery of each whorl, and with close revolving strize; aper- ture small, ovate. Light brownish, the revolving hair-like striz of darker color. Chattahoochee River, Geo. 16 AMERICAN JOURNAL lia. G. viridostriatus, Zea. Fig. 20. Fusiform, rather thin; spire obtusely conical, suture irregularly impressed ; whoris 5, somewhat flattened, the last convex, slightly plate, and covered throughout with raised granulate revolving striae; aperture rather small, sub-rhomboidal, columella inflected and contorted. Yellowish-olive, the strize dark green, and visible within the aperture. lint River, Geo. The ornamentation of this species is very peculiar, and reminds one of exotic species. 12. G. Etowahensis, Lea. Fig. 21. Turrited, thin, pli- cate, tuberculate; spire elevated, suture irregularly much im- pressed; whorls 7, all carinate, with compressed tubercles on the periphery, striate below; aperture small, rhomboidal. Brownish. Lake Monroe, Fla. Htowah and Tennessee Rivers, Geo. 13. G. Hallenbeckii, Zea. Fig. 22. Turrited, thin, ir- regularly plicate, tuberculate; spire subulate, suture much impressed ; whorls 8, somewhat convex, carinate in the middle, with compressed tubercles where the plications terminate on the carina, below with several revolving striz. Pale horn-color or olivaceous, sometimes banded. Geo. Larger, more tuberculate, and with more elevated spire than the next. 14. G, Boykiniana, Lea. Figs. 28, 24, 25, 26. Elevated, somewhat turrited; spire conical, suture well impressed; whorls 7—3, sloping, flattened, strongly angled in the middle, angle visible on the spire, somewhat tuberculate, with longi- tudinal plicz above, and revolving lines below. Brownish or olivaceous, sometimes banded. Geo. A variable species, but always distinguished from the last, among other differences, by its flattened whorls. 15. G. Bentoniensis, Zea. Fig. 27. Conical, elevated; spire raised, suture very much impressed; whorls 7, slightly convex, carinate, folded above, striate below the carina; aper- ture rather small, ovate, narrow below. Greenish horn-color, not banded. Benton Co., (?) N. Ala. Closely allied to, if not identical with No. 14. 16. G. papillosa, Anth. Figs. 28—30. Sub-turrited, thin; spire conical, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 7, sub- carinate, decussated into tuberculations, coloring the surface above the periphery, with several striz below. Pale brown, not banded. Htowah River, Geo. Fla. Figs. 28, 29 represent papiilosa, the latter being from the type; Fig. 30 is Downieana, Lea. 17. G. Couperii, Lea. Fig.31. Turrited, thin; spire elevated, suture much impressed; whorls 7, narrow, sub-carinate, with raised revolving striz all over, plicate above the periphery, and slightly tuberculate at the termination of the plications. Dark brown, with a broad band at base. Htowah River, Creo. OF CONCHOLOGY. 17 18. G. inelinans, Zea. Fig. 82. Subulate, thin; spire sub-attenuate, apex acute, suture furrowed; whorls 8, flat- tened, covered with many oblique folds, not carinate, with re- volving strive; aperture very small, oval. Brownish, lighter below the suture, obscurely banded. (eo. and N. Ala. 19. G. Postellii, Zea. Fig.33. Attenuately conical, rather thin; spire elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 8, flattened, granulate above, striate below the periphery. Yel- lowish-olive, the striz frequently forming bands within the aperture. Altamaha River, Geo. 20. G@, arachnoidea, Anth. Figs. 34, 35. Attenuately conical, rather thin; spire narrowly elevated, suture much im- pressed; whorls 12, convex, strongly striated throughout, cari- nated, and above the carina obscurely plicate, the plications more distinct towards the apex; the periphery is sometimes ob- scurely flattened. Light horn-color, not banded. Tenn. Fig. 35 is interterta, Anth. 21. G. Conradi, Brot. Fig.386. Attenuately conical, rather thin; spire elevated, suture slightly impressed; whorls 9, nearly flat, with slightly curved ribs, interrupted near the su- ture by a revolving granulated line, ribs on the body whorl becoming obsolete above the periphery. Reddish-brown. Savannah River, Geo. 22. G. carinifera, Zam. Figs. 37—41. Elevated, mode- rately thick; spire raised, suture well impressed; whorls 7, convex, flattened generally upon the periphery, those of the spire somewhat carinate, with a line of bead-like tubercles re- volving below the suture. Brownish or olivaceous. Yadkin River, S. Car. Geo. N. Ala. Fig. 37 represents the type; Fig. 38 is an enlarged outline; Fig. 39 is bella, Conr.; Fig. 40 is percarinata, Conr.; Fig. 41 is nebulosa, Conr. 130. G. vittata, Anth. Fig.42. Sub-turrited, moderately thick; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 9, slopingly flattened, biangulate in the middle, obsoletely gran- ulate below the suture. Yellowish-brown, with dark, narrow. revolving bands. Ala. Perhaps a var. of carinifera, 22a. G. abbreviata, Anih. Figs. 43—45. Ovate-cylin- drical, small, thick; spire convex, short, conical; whorls 5—6, the last large, cylindrical; with large tubercles upon the spire and shoulder of the last whorl Dark horn-color or greenish, with a yellowish central broad revolving band, or two brown bands, or without bands. Ky. Tenn. Fig. 483 represents the type; Fig. 44, elegantula, Anth.; Fig. 45, abbre- viata, Anth. 18 AMERICAN JOURNAL 22b. G. vesicula, Lea. Fig. 46. Elliptical, thin; spire meee short, obtuse, suture not very distinct; whorls 8, some- what convex, obscurely tuberculate above; aperture large, long-ovate. Yellow, not banded, salmon- color within. Ala. ce. Shell plicate. 23. G. obesa, Anth. Vig.47. Globosely-ovate, solid; spire short, conical, rather immersed, suture slightly impressed ; whorls 65, slopingly rounded, obsoletely plicate, the last very large, spirally ridged towards the base. Fulvous, with ob- scure, narrow, olive-green bands. Ala. 24. G. blanda, Lea. Fig. 48. Obtusely fusiform, obtusely conical above, rather thin; spire very obtuse, suture impressed ; whorls 5, flattened above, obscurely folded, the last large, sub- angular ; aperture rather large, elliptical. Dark horn-color, yellowish. white within. Velen Leaf Creek, Ala. 26. G. equalis, Hald. Vig. 49. Short conical, thick ; spire conical, suture slightly impressed; whorls 5, sloping, flatly convex, longitudinally folded, the last large, angulate on the periphery; aperture narrow elliptic, as long as the spire. Reddish-brown. Nolachucky River, Tenn. 27. G. semigradata, Reeve. Fig. 50. Pyramidally coni- eal, thick; whorls 5—6, flatly sloping, and sharply angulate and carinate; first few whorls phate, the last with two cari- nz; aperture ovate, a little effused at base. Fulvous olive, with a green band. Ala. 28. G. carinocostata, Lea. Figs.51—54. Elevated coni- cal, rather thin; spire elevated, suture sulcate; whorls 7, flat- tened, carinate and plicate. plicee not reaching to middle of body whorl. Wax-yellow to dark brown, whitish or brownish within, sometimes banded. Tenn. Ala. (Geo. Fig. 51 represents the type; Figs. 58 and d4 are scabrella, Anth., younger shells. 28a. G. strenua, Ler. Fig.55. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire raised, suture very much impressed ; whorls ip convexly flattened ; distantly folded on the spire, and carinate above the suture ; body whorl convex, without folds or carina. Brown- ish-olive or yellowish horn-color, white or brownish within. Benton County, N. H. Ala. 28b. G. perstriata, Zea. Fig.57. Acutely conical, rather thin; spire elevated, somewhat attenuate, at the apex carinate and ‘eranulate, suture deeply impressed; whorls 7, convex, striate, the last not angled; aperture small, elliptical. Cinna. mon-brown. Coosa River, Ala. OF CONCHOLOGY. 19 28c. G. Smithsoniana, Zea. Fig. 58. Fusiform, some- what thick, mucronate; spire obtusely conical, plicate, suture impressed ; whorls 7, planulate, angulate above the suture, the last large and somewhat obscurely angulate; aperture rather large, sub- rhomboidal, a little effused at base. Dark horn- color, whitish within. NV. Geo. #. Tenn. 28d. G. Emeryensis, Lea. Fig.59. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire obtusely conoidal, suture irregularly impressed ; whorls 6, planulate, above distantly plicate, body whorl smooth, obsoletely angulate in the middle; aperture rather large, sub- rhomboidal. Dark olive, without bands, bluish-white within..- Rocky Creek, branch of Emery Run, EB. Tenn. 29. G. Lecontiana, Zea. Fig. 60. Conical, thick; spire obtusely elevated, suture slight; whorls 6, flattened, with somewhat curved folds; aperture large, elliptical. Horn- color, bluish within. Geo. dl. G. obtusa, Lea. Figs. 61, 62. Sub-fusiform, some- what thick, inflated ; spire very obtuse, suture irregularly im- pressed; whorls 5, slightly convex, cancellate above; aper- ture very large, ovately rhomboidal. Yellowish horn-color, white within. Tenn. Ceo. Fig. 62 represents G. cadus, Lea. 32. G@. amena, Zea. Fig.63. Sub-fusiform, thick; spire obtusely conical, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 6, somewhat convex, folded, striate at the apex; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal. Pale chestnut-color, without bands, whitish within. N. Ala. 33. G, Tuomeyi, Lea. Fig. 64. Fusiform, rather thick ; spire obtusely conical, the first few whorls closely plicate, su- ture impressed; whorls 6, flattened above, the last ventricose, smooth; aperture large, rhomboidal, columella twisted. Yel- lowish-olive, with or without bands. WN. Ala. 35. G. interveniens, Lea. Fig.65. Conical, rather thin, spire obtusely conical, suture irregularly and very much im- pressed; whorls 6, flattened, with distant large curved folds, becoming obsolete towards the middle of the body whorl. Dark horn-color or brown, double-banded or without bands; white, brown, or banded within. WN. Ala. 36. G. olivella, Zea. Vig. 66. Fusiform, rather thick; spire obtusely conical, suture irregularly very much impressed ; whorls 5, somewhat convex, shining, folded; folds decussated just below the suture. Oliyaceous, without bands, white within. Tenn. 20 AMERICAN JOURNAL 37. G. interrupta, Hald. Figs.67—72. Fusiform, rather thick, inflated; spire obtusely conical, suture impressed; whorls 5, sightly convex, either folded, striate or granulate. Yel- lowish-olive, with or without bands. Tenn. Cherokee (o., NAG. Fig. 71 is Chrystyt, Lea; Fig. 72 is G. instabilis, Lea. 38. G, crispa, Lea. Fig. 73. Fusiform, rather thick; spire obtuse, suture much impressed; whorls 6, convex ; folded and closely transversely striate or crispate. Yellowish, not banded, whitish within. Florence, Ala. 39. G. formosa, Conr. Figs. 74,75. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 6, convex, with distant robust rounded ribs; two approximate lines re- volve below the suture, and the base is profoundly striated. Olivaceous, with distant brown bands. TZenn. N. Ala. Fig. 75 is G. ornatella, Lea. 40. G. mediocris, Zea. Fig. 76. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire conical, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 6, flattened, distantly folded. Ash-color, shining, banded. Tenn. Narrower, less folded, and differently colored from G. formosa. 42. G. Duttonii, Zea. Fig. 77. Conoidal, thick; spire conoidal, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 7, rapidly in- creasing, somewhat convex, with small close folds. Pale red- dish-yellow, not banded, or with two distant broad bands, white and banded within. Maury Co. Tenn. Grayson Co., Ky. 43. G. laqueata, Say. Figs. 78—81. Conoidal, mode- rately thick; spire elevated, apex acute, suture well impressed; whorls 7, convex, with regular, somewhat curved ribs, be- coming obsolete towards the middle of the body whorl; aper- ture large, columella a little curved at the base, and produced. Yellowish, with generally two brown bands. Tenn. Fig. 81 is G. monozonalis, Lea, a young individual. 44. G, Pybasii, Zea. Fig. 82. Elevated, thin; spire at- tenuate, sharp-pointed, suture impressed; whorls 7, flatly con- vex, distantly folded, folds scarcely apparent on body whorl. Yellowish, with generally 4 bands, the two middle ones ap- proximate. Tuscumbia, Ala. 45. G. induta, Zea. Fig. 83. Elevated conical, rather thin, polished; spire conoidal, sharp-pointed, suture much im- pressed; whorls 8, flatly convex, with erect folds, becoming obsolete towards the middle of the body whorl; aperture small, a little narrowed at base. Dark brown, 4-banded. Vienna, Dooly Co., Geo. OF OCONCHOLOGY. a1 46. G. versipellis, Anth. Fig. 84. Ovately conical, some- what thin; spire short, conical, acute, suture slightly impressed; whorls 7, flattened, with straight small folds, sometimes striate, body whorl bulbous, inflated; aperture elliptical. Horn- color, with generally two approximate central narrow bands. Tenn. More inflated, with more numerous whorls (for its size) than G. la- queata. 47. G. gracilis, Zea. Fig.84a. Club-shaped, rather thin; spire elevated, acute, suture well impressed; whorls 8, convex, the first few with slight fine plications. Horn-color, not banded. Tenn. 48. @, paucicosta, Anth. Fig. 85. Elevated conical, thick, shining; spire elevated, apex acute; suture well im- pressed; whoris 8—9, convex, with distant, prominent, much curved, rugose plications. Dark greenish, livid within. Tenn. 49. G, tenebrosa, Zea. Fig. 86. Conical, thick; spire rather elevated, suture impressed ; whorls 7, flattened, the first few folded. Nearly black, bluish within. Jenn. 50. G. coracina, Anth. Figs. 87, 88. Conically turrited, narrow, thin, shining; whorls 6—7, flat, plicate, plice extend- ing to middle of body whorl. Dark purplish-black, purple within. Cany Fork, Tenn. Fig. 88 is @. Sellersiana, Lea. 51. G, intersita, Hald. Fig. 89. Conic, moderately thick ; whorls convex, plicate, with a decussating line below the su- ture. Olivaceous. Swan Creek, Ind. 52. G. columella, Lea. Fig. 90. Conical, rather thin; spire somewhat elevated ; whorls 6, slightly convex, narrow, obscurely plicate, striate towards the apex, the last one smooth; aperture small, elliptical, angular at base. Horn-color, whitish within. Tenn. 53. G@. blanda, Lea. Fig.91. Conical, rather thin, shining; spire rather elevated, striate towards the apex; whorls 7, flat- tened, folded; aperture small, elliptical, angular at base. Horn-color, whitish within. Tenn. More folded than G. columelia, with a different aperture. 54. G, nitens, Lea, Fig. 92. Conical, thick, shining; spire obtuse, suture moderately impressed; whorls 7, flatly convex, folded, folds extending to middle of body whorl; aperture small, slightly angular at base. Dark brown, reddish within. Tenn. 55. G. mutata, Brot. Fig. 93. Elevated conical, thick; spire elevated; apex acute, suture moderately impressed; whorls 7, flatly convex, the first few plicate, transversely ridged, becoming obsolete towards the aperture. Dull olive. Tenn. 22 AMERICAN JOURNAL 56. G, suturalis, Hald. Vig. 94. Conical, moderately thick; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 6, flat, angled just above the suture, and on the periphery, the supe- rior portion plicate, carina bordered by a raised line, which is double on the body. Dark olivaceous, banded, white within. Ohio ? This species appears to be identical with G. mutabdilis, but cannot be the same if the locality is correct. 57. G, mutabilis, Lea. Fig.95. Conical, somewhat thick ; spire conical, suture well impressed; whorls 6, flattened, cari- nate and striate, the first ones plicate; aperture rhomboidal, narrow below, columella twisted. Yellowish-green, with or without four bands. Butts Co., Geo. 58. G. Viennaensis, Zea. Fig. 95a. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire regularly conical, suture irregularly impressed ; whorls 7, flattened, distantly folded, the last whorl large; aper- ture rather large, rhomboidal. Olivaceous, bluish white with- in. Vienna, Dooly Co., Geo. 59. G@. Curreyana, Zea. Figs. 96, 97. Conical, rather thick ; spire somewhat elevated, suture irregularly impressed ; whorls 7, rather convex, all of them with few, sharp, curved folds; aperture small, angular below. Horn-color, not banded. Barren River, Ivy. 60. G. costifera, Hald. Fig. 98. Lengthened, conical; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 8, slightly con- vex, covered with moderate sized, low, rounded ribs, decussated below the suture by spiral lines. Light horn-color. Henne- pin, Ills. 61. G. Deshayesiana, Zea. Figs. 99—101. Elongate conical, thin; spire elevated, suture impressed; whorls 8, somewhat convex, rather closely folded, and decussated by spiral lines below the suture. Dark horn-color. Tenn. 62. G. Abbevillensis, Zea. Fig. 102. Conical, rather thick, shining; spire conical, suture linear; whorls 7, flatly convex, the last large, those of the spire prominently folded, the first few carinate and striate. Chestnut-color, somewhat ochraceous within. Abbeville District, S. C. 63. G. Doolyensis, Lea. Fig.103. Cylindrically conical, thin; spire elevated, much drawn out, suture irregularly im- pressed; whorls 9, a little convex, closely folded; aperture very small, columella much twisted. Dark horn-color, or ash- grey. Tenn. Vienna, Dooly Co., Geo. 64. G. inconstans, Zea. Fig. 104. Sub-fusiform, rather thin; spire obtusely conical, suture impressed ; whorls 6, some- what convex, folded above. Horn-color, olivaceous or dark brown, sometimes banded, white or pale purple within. Etowah River, Geo. OF CONCHOLOGY. 98 65. G@. continens, Zea. Figs. 105, 106. Conical, rather thin; spire irregularly conical, suture impressed; whorls 7, somewhat convex, those of the spire with curved folds. Yel- lowish horn-color, not banded, bluish-white within. N. Ala, Fig. 106 is G. proletaria, Lea. 66. G. viridicata, Lea. Fig.107. Elongate conical, thin; spire conical, exserted, suture impressed; whorls 7, somewhat convex, those of the spire rather closely folded. Greenish, not banded, bluish-white within. Grayson Co., Ky. 67. G. purpurella, Zea. Fig.108. Conical, thin, shining; spire conical, suture impressed; whorls 7, slightly convex, folded, and decussated by a single line below the suture. Pur- plish, sometimes banded, dark within. Cany Fork River, Tenn. 68. G. semicostata, Conr. Fig.109. Conical, somewhat thick ; spire elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, convex, finely spirally striate, those of the spire folded; body whorl without ribs, obscurely striate above, sub-biangulated in the middle. Dark horn-color, banded, bluish-white within. WN. Ala. 69. G. dislocata, Rav. Fig. 110. Conical, rather thick; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls convex, those of the spire rudely ribbed. Light yellow. Dan River, N. C. 69a. G. Lindsleyi, Lea. Fig.111. Cylindrically conical, rather thin; spire conoidal, suture very much impressed; whorls flatly convex, with erect folds. Yellowish horn-color, not banded, bluish-white within. Tenn. , Narrower, and more ribbed than G. dislocata (No. 69). 70. G. paupercula, Zea. Fig. 112. Sub-cylindrical, ra- ther thin; spire rather short, suture impressed; whorls some- what convex, those of the spire folded, striate at the apex. Chestnut-color or dark-olive, not banded, whitish within. WN. Ala. 71. G. corneola, Anth. Fig. 113. Conical, very thin; spire short, suture not much impressed; whorls 6, somewhat flat, folded, with revolving, raised striw. Light horn-color, with sometimes four or five narrow bands. Coosa River, Ala. Undoubtedly a quite young shell. 72. G. massula, Conr. Figs. 114—116. Conical, some- whatthin; spire elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 8, rather flattened, covered with close, raised strive, crossing distant distinct ribs. Yellowish-brown. Tuscumbia, Ala.; Cany Fork, Tenn. Fig. 116 represents G. Edgardiana, Lea. 24 AMERICAN JOURNAL 74. G. rugosa, Lea. Fig.117. Conical, rather thin, trans- lucent; spire elevated conical, suture very much impressed ; whorls 7, very convex, with close, erect ribs, crossed by slight strize, ribs terminating at a raised line on the periphery; aper- ture angular below. Horn-color, whitish within. Tenn. 75. G. costulata, Zea. Fig. 118. Conical, rather thin; spire lengthened. carinate above, suture impressed; whorls 9, rather convex, wity much curved, rounded folds; aperture small, sub-rhomboidal, angular below. Yellowish, bluish with- in. Yenn.; Barren River, Ky. 76. G. cinerella, Zea. Fig. 119. Sub-fusiform, thin; spire obtusely conical, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 6, slightly convex, with close folds, decussated by two lines below the suture. Ash-color, not banded, whitish within. Tenn. 78. G. caliginosa, Lea. Fig. 120. Conical, somewhat thick; spire elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 8, rather convex, cancellate throughout by distant nearly equal longitudinal and transverse plications. Dark brown, purple within. Tenn. 79. G. nodulosa, Zee. Fig. 121. Conical, thick; spire elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 7, rather flat- tened, closely cancellate, the last large ; aperture rather large, sub-angular below. Dark brown, bluish within. Tenn. 81. G. difficilis, Zea. Fig. 122. lLengthened, conical, rather thin; spire attenuate, suture moderate; whorls 8, slightly convex, the upper ones obsoletely plicate. Dark olive or brownish, not banded, white within. Tenn. 82. G. sparus, Zea. Figs. 128,124. Lengthened conical, somewhat thick; spire attenuate, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 8, convex, the upper ones with small carved folds, de- eussated by a revolving line below the suture. Pale yellow, not banded. Duck Creek, Tenn. Fig. 124 is G. cerea, Lea. 83. G. Thorntonii, Zea. Fig. 125. Conoidal, rather thin; spire conical, suture much impressed; whorls slopingly con- vex, with distant prominent bent folds, ending in nodes on the periphery. Horn-color, not banded. Tusewmbia and Florence, Ala. 84. G. cancellata, Say. Rather slender, attenuated; whorls convex, with about 26 longitudinal, crossed by 18 re- volving lines, those towards the base crowded. Floreda. I have not seen this species, and it has never heen figured. OF CONCHOLOGY. 95 85. G. circincta, Lea. Fig. 126. Turrited, rather thin; spire drawn out, suture slight; whorls 9, slightly convex, centrally carinate, striate, the first few plicate. Pale yellow, banded. Tenn. 86. G. athleta, Anth. Figs. 127—129. Conical, nearly smooth, rather thick; spire much elevated, suture moderate ; whorls 10, nearly flat, with faint ribs, more prominent on the upper ones. Dark horn-color or greenish, white within. Tenn. Fig. 128 is G. glauca, Anth., and Fig. 129 is G@. Lyonii, Lea. 87. G. curvicostata, Anth. Figs. 130, 131. Turrited, thick; spire much elevated, suture slightly impressed; whorls 8, slightly convex, with strong, curved coste. Burnt-olive, purphlsh within. Florida. Fig. 131 is G. densecostata, Reeve. 88. G. striatula, Zea. Fig. 182. Conical, rather thin; spire somewhat elevated, suture impressed; whorls 8, convex, closely striate, carinate above and plicate. Dark brown, red- dish within. Zenn. 89. G. tripartita, Reeve. Fig.133. Acuminately conical, somewhat thick ; spire elevated, suture moderate; whorls 9, moderately rounded, distantly spirally ridged; the first few whorls strongly carinated, then plicate, and afterwards smooth. Olive. ? 90. G@. decora, Lea. Fig.134. Acutely turrited, rather thin; spire acute, elevated, suture impressed; whorls 9, rather flattened, with close ribs and striz on all but the two lower whorls. Horn-color, whitish within. (Green River, Ky.; Tenn. 91. G. crebricostata, Zea. Fig. 135. Elevated conical, rather thick; spire much elevated, suture linear; whorls 7, flattened, covered with close, sightly curved folds; aperture small, elliptical, angular below. Horn-color, bluish within. Robinson Co., Tenn. 92. G@. comma, Conr. Fig. 186. Subulate, much elonga- ted, slender ; whorls 8 or 9, flattened, suture much impressed, with longitudinal, distant, slightly arcuated ribs, disappearing on the lower whorls; aperture small, rhomboidal, angular below. Olive, with a dark band above the middle. Black Warrior River, Ala. 93. G@. acuta, Zea. Fig. 187. Acutely turrited, thin; spire elevated, acute, suture moderate; whorls 8, flattened, carinate immediately above the suture, the first few plicate, striate; aperture small, acutely angular at base. Horn-color. Tennessee River. 26 AMERICAN JOURNAL 94. G. subcylindracea, Zea. Fig. 188. Sub-cylindri- eal, elongated, somewhat thick; spire obtusely elevated, su- ture impressed; whorls 8, convex, the first few slightly plicate, the others smooth; aperture small, ovate. Horn-color, whitish within. TZenn. 95. G. baculum, Ant. Fig.139. Sub-cylindrical, thick; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls about 10, flat- tened, all but the two last with straight folds; aperture small, ovate, angular at base. Reddish-brown, with a light line be- low the suture, light red within. Jenn. 96. G@. coneinna, Lea. Fig. 140. Sub-cylindrical, thin} spire drawn out, suture impressed; whorls 9, flattened, the upper ones closely folded and carinate; aperture small, angu- lar at base. Brown, whitish within. TZenn. I doubt whether this is really distinct from No. 95. 97. G. eliminata, Anth. Fig. 141. Conical, narrow, thin; spire slender, elevated, suture impressed; whorls 8, somewhat flattened, carinate above the suture, with revolving lines on and above the carina, the upper whorls obscurely folded; aperture small, angular at base. Brown. Owensboro, Ky. 98. G. teres, Lea. Figs. 142, 148. Acutely turrited, thin; spire drawn out, suture impressed; whorls 9, convex, slowly increasing, the upper ones folded; aperture small, elliptical. Horn-color, white within. Zenn. Fig. 143 represents G. terebralis, Lea, a shell not quite adult. 99. G. gracillima, Anth. Fig. 144. Acutely turrited, narrow, thin; spire very slender, elevated; whorls 8, convex, the upper ones folded and striate, the lower ones smooth, the strie being replaced by indistinct, slender, brown lines; the lower part of each whorl carinate; aperture small. Brown, banded within. SS. Car. 100. G. Clarkii, Zea. Fig.145. Club-shaped, thin; spire ele- vated, much drawn out, suture somewhat impressed ; whorls 10, flattened, the last swollen; aperture small, elliptical, produced and angled at the base. Dark brown, same color within. Duck Creek, Tenn.; Lee Co., Geo. 101. G. De Campii, Zea. Fig.146. Elongated, very much attenuated, thin; spire subulate, suture linear; whorls 10, flatly convex, upper ones closely plicate, a little angled above the suture. Corneous, whitish within. Hunisville, Ala. 103. G. plicifera, Lea. Figs. 147—149. Turrited, some- what thick; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 9 convex, smooth or closely striate, with prominent curved ribs Dark horn-color. Oregon. OF CONCHOLOGY. ag 104. G. silicula, Gould. Figs. 150, 151. Slender, nearly cylindrical; spire elevated, suture deeply impressed ; whorls 6—8, well rounded, with numerous obsolete fine revolving strize, the upper ones longitudinally plicate. Dark chestnut- color, sometimes with two bands. Oregon. Flg. 151 represents G. Shastaensis, Lea. 104a. G. rudens, Reeve. Fig. 152. Slender cylindrical, somewhat thick; whorls well rounded, spirally closely striated, the first few strongly plicate. Dull olive. Oregon, Cal. 105. G@. nigrina, Lea. Fig. 153. Small, conical, rather thin; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 6—7, con- vex, the first few faintly pli¢ate, the last whorl striate below. Nearly black, dark purple within. Oregon, Cal. 106. G. rubiginosa, Lea. Fig.154. Elevated, sub-cylin- drical, rather thin; spire sub-attenuate, suture very much im- pressed ; whorls 7, convex, carinate, the first ones obscurely plicate; body whorl angled and flattened on the periphery, with a raised line above and below. Reddish, obscurely banded, light reddish within. Oregon. 107. G. Bairdiana, Lea. Fig.155. Somewhat drawn out, rather thick; spire acute, suture impressed; whorls 8, slightly convex, the first few closely and distinctly plicate; aperture small, ovate. Dark brown, whitish within, and single banded. Oregon. d. Shell angulate. 108. G. trochiformis, Conr. Fig. 156. Short conical, turrited, babylonic, ventricose; spire short, suture well im- pressed; whorls 6, angulated, flat-topped, each with two promi- nent spiral lines; periphery of body whorl carinated; base flattened. N. Ala. 109. G. cristata, Anth. Figs. 157, 158. Rhomboidal, strongly carinate, thin; spire short conical, suture slightly im- pressed; whorls 5, flat, shelving, very strongly angulate and carinate in the middle. Horn-color, sometimes banded. Ala. 110. G. cruda, Lea. Fig.159. Sub-fusiform, rather thin, shining; spire obtuse, suture slightly impressed; whorls flat- tened above, the last rather large and angulate in the middle; aperture large, rhomboidal. Dark brown, obscurely banded, brown within. Tennessee River. 111. G@. Whitei, Zea. Fig. 160. Fusiform, thick, very much inflated; spire obtusely conical, suture slightly im- pressed; whorls 5, flattened above, the last ventricose; aper- ture large, widely rhomboidal. Bright yellowish-brown, gen- erally 3-banded. Geo. 28 AMERICAN JOURNAL lila. G. expansa, Zea. Somewhat fusiform, rather thick; spire obtusely conical, suture somewhat impressed ; whorls 5, slightly convex; aperture large,expanded. Yellow- ish, 4-banded, whitish within. Ala. 112. G, casta, Anth. Fig. 161. Obtusely conical, thick; spire obtusely elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls 6—7, nearly flat; body whorl sub-angulated, with five coarse prominent striz below the angle. Light horn-color. Ala. 112a. G@. subrhombica, Zea. Fig. 162. Obtusely coni- cal, rather thin, smooth; spire obtuse, suture impressed; whorls 5, planulate, above obtusely carinate, the last obsoletely angu- late in the middle; aperture large, rhomboidal. Dark olive, not banded, white within. Hog Creek, N. Geo. 113. G. rhombica, Anth. Fig. 163. Conic, rather thin; spire conical, not much elevated, suture moderate; whorls 6, nearly flat, very distinctly regularly striate; body whorl large, somewhat convex. Brownish, white within. Ala. 114. G. angulata, Anth. Figs. 164, 165. Acutely conic, rather thick; spire conical, moderate, apex acute, suture li- near; whorls 8, nearly flat, the upper ones somewhat carinate, the body whorl distinctly angulate; aperture narrow, acute below. Brown, whitish within. Tenn. Fig. 165 represents G. cntercedens, Lea, the adult shell. 115.G. Bridgesiana, Lea. Vig.166. Fusiform, somewhat in- flated, rather thin; spire obtusely conical, apex carinate, suture linear; whorls 7, flattened; aperture large, sub-rhomboidal. Honey-yellow, not banded, whitish within. Cahawba River, Ala. I doubt whether this is more than a variety of No. 114. 116. G. cubicoides, Anth. Fig. 167. Conical, thick; spire moderately elevated, suture linear; whorls 6—7, flat, rapidly enlarging, body whorl large, acutely angulate; aper- ture broadly ovate. Brownish, white within. Wabash River, Ind. 117. G. Spillmanii, Zea. Fig. 168. Fusiform, thin, shining; spire obtusely conical, suture linear; whorls about 6, flattened, somewhat impressed below the suture; aperture large, rhomboidal. Greenish horn-color, not banded. Tennes- see [viver. 120. G. pallidula, Anth. Fig. 169. Conic, rather thick; spire obtusely conic, suture slightly impressed; whorls 6, flat- tened, the last large and angulate in the middle; aperture large, rhomboidal. Pale horn-color, with faint brown narrow bands, two on the body and one on the whorl next above it. Tenn. OF CONCHOLOGY. 29 121. G. vieina, Anth. Fig. 170. Conical, thick, rather smooth; spire short, suture linear; whorls 6, upper ones sub- convex; body whorl a little shouldered beneath the suture, and angulated in the middle; aperture rather large, rhom- boidal. Yellowish-brown, with a narrow brown band, in- creased to two on the body whorl. A/a. 122. G. Spartenburgensis, Lea. Fig. 171. Fusiform, rather thin; spire acutely conical, carinate at apex, suture im- pressed; whorls 8, flattened. Bright greenish horn-color, banded or without bands. Spartenburg Dist., S. C.; Marietta, 0.; Wabash River, Ind. 123. G. modesta, Zea. Fig. 172. Conical, fusiform, ra- ther thin; spire rather elevated, suture linear; whorls 8, flat- tened, the last angular in the middle. Dark horn-color. Chat- tahoochie River, Columbus, Geo. e. Whorls very strongly angulated. 125. G. Gerhardtii, Zea. Figs. 178, 174. Conical, thin, shining; spire regularly conical, suture impressed; whorls 6, flattened above, the last one large, carinate and angulate in the middle; aperture large, sub-rhomboidal. Yellowish-green to dark brown, banded, whitish within. Geo.; Coosa River, Ala. Fig. 174 is G. infuscata, Lea. 125a. G. fraterna, Lea. Fig. 175. Fusiform, thin; spire obtusely conical, suture well impressed; whorls 6, planulate, acutely carinate above the suture, the body whor! carinate in the middle; aperture small, ovately rhomboidal, columella twisted below, a little effused at base. Yellowish, with or without four brown bands. Cahawba River, Ala. 127. G. acutocarinata, Zea. Figs.176—178. Fusiform, elevated, somewhat thick; spire elevated, suture much im- pressed ; whorls 6, flattened, shelving, carinate above the su- ture, the last carinate in the middle; aperture small, rounded below, columella curved to the right at base. Dark brown, purplish within. &. Tenn. Fig. 177 represents G. pagodiformis, Anth., and Fig. 178, G. torulosa, Anth. f. Body whorl bi-multiangulated.. 128. G, tabulata, Anth. Ovate conic, smooth, thin; spire coneavely conical, suture distinetly impressed; whorls 5, upper ones convex, the penultimate flat, and the last sub-cylindrical, angulated into several planes; aperture large, ovate. Dark brown, reddish-purple within. Tenn. 30 AMERICAN JOURNAL 129. G. Catabea, Hald. Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 1, t 1, f.5—7. Short conic, inflated; spire conical, suture well im- pressed; whorls 6, flattened, carinate, the last inflated, bicari- nate in the middle; aperture ovate. Bright green, polished, bluish within, sometimes bivittate in the middle. Catawba River, N. C. 131. G. subangulata, Anth. Fig. 182. Elevated fusi- form, carinate; spire sub-elevated ; suture slightly impressed; whorls 6, acutely carinate above the suture, the last flatly convex, biangulate in the middle; aperture small, columella obtusely angular at base. Reddish horn-color, banded, whitish within. Ala. 132. G. symmetrica, Hal/. Figs. 1883—185. Turrited, moderately thick; spire elevated, suture deeply impressed ; whorls 8—9, convex, the upper ones carinated above the mid- dle, last one centrally biangulate; aperture small, sub-angulate at base. Light to dark green, frequently 2-banded with brown. W. Va., #. Tenn.. S. Car., N. Geo. and Ala. Fig. 184 is assimilis, Anth.; Fig. 185, Ucheensis, Lea. 133. G. iota, Anth. Conical, somewhat thin; spire acutely elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 10, convex, the upper ones strongly carinate below the middle; aperture small, pyriform, with a slight basal sinus. Greenish horn- color, whitish within. Ohzo ? 134. G. nigrocincta, Anth. Fig. 186. Conical, smooth, thin, not much elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, sub-con- vex, slightly angulated above the suture, the last obsoletely biangulate in the middle; aperture small, angulate below. Brown, with four dark brown bands. Tenn. 135. G. tecta, Anth. Figs. 187, 188. Narrowly elevated, thin; spire elevated, suture impressed; whorls 7—3, sloping- ly flattened, carinate just above the suture, the last whorl bi- angulate in the middle; aperture small, columella curved, a little effused at base. Brown, reddish within, shghtly banded. Ohio, Ala. Fig. 188 is G. macella, Lea. 136. G. hybrida, Anth. Fig. 189. Conical, elevated, nearly smooth; whorls 8—9, slopingly convex, upper ones much carinated, carina obtuse, lower ones entirely smooth; aperture small, well rounded below. Reddish-brown, rose- color or violet within. Tenn. 137. G. fuscocincta, Anth. Fig. 190. Short, conically ovate, smooth, moderately thick; spire short, conical, suture moderately impressed; whorls 5, flattened, sub-carinate, the last large, angulate in the middle; aperture large, broadly ovate. Yellowish brown, with two broad brown bands, visible within. Ala. OF CONCHOLOGY. 31 138. G. congesta, Conr. Subulate; whorls 9, the lower ones obscurely angulated, those of the spire acutely carinate towards the apex; suture well defined; body whorl obscurely sub-angulated; aperture longitudinal, elliptical. The above is Conrad’s description. The shell has never been figured, and I cannot find any specimens named in any of our collections. g. Short, clavate, smooth species. 139. G. auriculeformis, Zev. Fig.191. Elliptical, smooth, rather thin; spire short, suture impressed; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last large; aperture elongate, contracted. Yellow, whitish within. Tuscaloosa, Ala. 140. G@. Nickliniana, Zea. Fig. 192. Obtusely conical, smooth, solid; spire short, suture impressed ; whorls 6, slight- ly convex; aperture large, somewhat rounded. Very dark horn-color, purple within. Bath Co.. W. Va. 141. G, aterina, Zea. Fig. 193. Sub-fusiform, smooth, solid; spire obtusely conical, suture impressed; whorls 6, con- vex; aperture large, sub-ovate, columella inflected, thickened and contorted. Black or greenish-black, purple within. JZ. Tenn. Smaller and narrower than No. 140, and more angulate on the periphery, 142. G, Binneyana, Lea. Fig. 194. Obtusely fusiform, smooth, rather thin, very much inflated ; spire depressed, coni- ° cal, suture impressed; whorls 5, slopingly flattened above, the last ventricose; aperture very large, sub-ovate; columella thickened, spotted at the base. Dark olive, obscurely banded, dark purple within. Coosa River, Ala. More oval, with less expanded lip than No. 140. 143. G. ebenum, Lea. Figs. 195,196. Obtusely conical, . smooth, thick; spire obtuse, suture slight; whorls 4 (trunca- ted), somewhat flatly convex, the last with a rounded angle at periphery; aperture large, ovate, sub-angular at base. Very dark purple or blackish, purple or bluish within. Robinson Co., Tenn. 144. G. Vauxiana, Zea. Fig.197. Fusiform, smooth, rather thin; spire very obtusely conical, suture lightly im- pressed; whorls 5, flattened above, and somewhat sub-carinate at apex, the last one inflated; aperture very large, widely rhomboidal, angular at base. Green. Coosa River, Ala. 145. G, larveformis, Lea: Fig. 197a. Obtusely fusi- form, smooth; whorls 6—7, the first few minutely keeled; aperture ovate. Olive. United States. The above species, described by Mr. Reeve, Ihave not seen ; but, judging oon the figure, it must be very close to, if not identical with G. Vauaiana, ea. 32 AMERICAN’ JOURNAL 146. G. auricoma, Zea. Fig. 198. Fusiform, smooth, thin; spire very obtuse, suture linear; whorls 5, slightly con- vex; aperture very large, sub-rhomboidal. Yellowish, often with narrow bands. Tennessee River. 147. G. glabra, Zea. Conical, smooth, rather thin, shining; spire somewhat elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, flatly convex, the first ones sub-carinate ; aperture elonga- ted, columella incurved. Dark chestnut, purple within. Hol- ston River, HE. Tenn. 148. G. graminea, Hald. Fig. 199. Conical, short, in- flated, smooth, polished; spire obtuse, suture moderate; whorls 5, somewhat convex; aperture large, rhomboidal, somewhat angular below. Brilliant green, with a light yellow sutural band, bluish within. 149. G. gibbosa, Zea. Fig. 200. Obtusely conical, gib- bous, rather thin; spire obtuse, suture irregularly impressed ; whorls 5, somewhat convex, the last large; aperture large, elliptical, columella thickened, flattened, impressed, and much curved. Greenish horn-color, banded above and below in the interior, columella red. Sciota River, Ohio. Differs from all the other species in the very flat, impressed columella. 151. G. cognata, Anth. Hig. 201. Ovate, short, smooth, . moderately thick; spire very small, obtuse, suture deeply im- pressed ; whorls 6, convex. the last one very large; aperture moderate, broad ovate, columella deeply rounded, indented and callous. Brownish-yellow, with three sub-central brown bands, and one obscure sutural one, bands visible within the aperture. Tenn. 152. G. Georgiana, Zea. Fig. 202. Fusiform, inflated, smooth, rather thick; spire obtusely elevated, suture very much impressed; whorls 5, very convex, the last large ; aper- ture large, sub-rhomboidal, columella bent in, thickened and somewhat twisted. Bright yellowish, with dispersed whitish maculations and three bands. WN. (feo. 153. G. abrupta, Zea. Fig. 208. Short conical, smooth, rather thick; spire short conical, suture linear; whorls 7, flat- tened, the last large, sub-angulate on the periphery ; aperture large, rhomboidal, columella curved and much thickened be- low. Yellowish, generally with two approximate sub-central bands. Ala. 154. G. depygis, Say. Fig. 204. Oblong, conic ovate, moderately thick; spire conic, suture well impressed; whorls 5, the last somewhat elliptical; aperture narrow ovate, acute above. Yellowish, generally with two rufous bands, equidis- tant from the suture, the base, and each other. Ohio River. OF CONCHOLOGY. 33 155. G. livescens, MZke. Figs. 205—207. Ovate oblong, smooth, moderately thick; spire short, conically acute, suture slightly impressed; whorls 5—6, rather flat, the last large; aperture large, elliptical. Horn-color, purple within. AJ// the Great Lakes and streams emptying into them. Fig. 206 is G@. napella, Anth., and Fig. 207 is G. ewspidata, Anth. 156. G. Milesii, Zea. Fig. 208. Sub-fusiform, smooth, rather thick; spire sub-elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 6, sub-inflated; aperture large, columella slightly in- curved. Olivaceous, purplish within. Tuscola Co., Mich. Closely allied to livescens, but appears to be more convex, and to attain a larger size. Iam not satisfied that it is a distinct species. 157. G. simplex, Say. Figs. 209—212. Convex, sub- fusiform, smooth, rather thick, rapidly enlarging; spire atten- uated, sub-carinate, apex acute, suture not deeply impressed ; whorls 8, the last large, convex; aperture moderate oval. Dark brown, dull red within. Holston and Clinch Rivers, S. W. Va., and E. Tenn. Fig. 209 represents the type; Fig. 210 is Warderiana, Lea, in which the apicial whorls are persistent and perfect ; Fig. 211 is subsolida, Lea, and Fig. 212 is Vanuremii, Lea. 158. G. Potosiensis, Zea. Convexly conical, carinate, rather thin; spire obtusely elevated, suture much impressed ; whorls 8, convex. Brown, purplish within. /Potos7, Mo. Very closely allied to G. stmplez. It is one of the very few species found west of the Mississippi River. 159. G. torta, Lea. Vig. 213. Club-shaped, smooth, ra- ther thick; spire obtusely elevated, suture impressed; whorls 7, slopingly convex, the last large; aperture very large, ellip- tical, columella twisted. Dark brown, bluish-white within. Big Creek, Lawrence Co., Tenn. When the spire is perfect, it is attenuately drawn out, the same as in some species of Cylindrella. 160. G. Saffordi, Zea. Fig.214. Obtusely conical, smooth, thick; spire rather short, suture linear; whorls 7 (when not eroded), slightly convex, the last large, gibbously enlarged in the middle; aperture large, oval, elongated, columella twisted. Dark green, purple within. Lebanon, Wilson Co., Tenn. 160a. G. virens, Anth. Fig. 215. Ovate conic, smooth, thick; spire obtusely elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 6, convex, the last large; aperture large, elliptical, columella well rounded, with a slight sinus-at base. Light green, paler towards the summit, bluish within. Ala. 161. G@. Newberryi, Zea. Fig. 216. Ovately conical, smooth, rather thin; spire obtusely elevated, suture much im- pressed; whorls 6, inflated; aperture rather small, ovately rounded, outer lip inflated, columella curved. Dark brown, triple-banded, yellow below the suture, whitish and banded within. Oregon. Zt AMERICAN JOURNAL 162. G. bulbosa, Gld. Fig.217. Ovately conical, rather thin; spire obtuse, with well impressed suture; whorls 5—6, (eroded) inflated, very convex; aperture ovately rounded Brownish, shining, without bands. Columbia River, Oregon. May be the same as G@. Newberry?, the only difference being in the bands. 163. G, Lithasioides, Lea. Fig.218. Sub-fusiform, smooth; spire conoidal, suture impressed; whorls 6, flattened, sub-con- stricted; aperture rather large, rhomboidal. Corneous, with- out bands. Ohio. 164. G. infantula, Lea. Fig. 219. Obtusely fusiform, moderately thick; spire short, with well impressed suture ; whorls 5, sub-convex, a little flattened above; aperture large, ovate, columella thickened and twisted. Dark horn-color, ob- scurely banded; white and banded within. Louisville, Ky. 165. G. Louisvillensis, Zea. Fig. 220. Obtusely fusi- form, smooth; spire short, conical, suture irregularly im- pressed; whoris 5, flatly convex; aperture rather large, long elliptical. Dark brown, not banded, white within. Low/sville, Ky. It is very doubtful whether this is distinct from @. infantula. h. Smooth, elevated species. 166. G@. pulchella, Anth. Fig.221. Conically elongated, thin; spire elevated, suture well impressed; whorls 7, convex; aperture rather large, elongately ovate. Brownish horn-color, with two brown bands. Ohio. More elevated than M. depygis, and lighter color and more convex than M. gracilior. 167. G. cinerea, Zea. Fig. 222. Conically elongated, thin, smooth, bright; spire elevated, sharp-pointed, suture very much impressed; whorls 8, convex, the last slopingly convex; aperture rather large, sub-rhomboidal, columella bent in, slightly thickened. Ash-gray, double-banded, bluish-white within, columella purplish. S. Car. Doubtfully distinct from pulehelia. The description is from a single specimen, and the habitat may be an error. 168. G. gracilior, Anth. Fig. 228. Conical, elevated, smooth, rather thick; spire elevated conical, suture slightly impressed; whorls 8, the upper ones flattened, the last sloping- ly convex, peculiarly constricted around the superior half; aperture small, pyriform, columella arcuate, forming a sinus of the margin below. Dark brown, with two broad yellowish- green bands on the periphery, the sutural line pale, banded within, columella dark brown. Congress and Springfield Lakes, Stark Co., Ohio. OF CONCHOLOGY. 35 169. G@. Etowahensis, Zea. Fig. 224. Conoidal, smooth, thin; spire raised-conical, suture impressed ; whorls 7, s slight- ly cony ex; aperture rather large, sub-rhomboidal, outer lip acute and sinuous, columella bent in and ver y much tw isted. Dark brown, with two broad dark bands. Htowah River, Geo. Wider than graciléor, with a larger, more angulate aperture, the whorls more conyex and not constricted. 170. G. translucens, Anth. Fig. 225. Conical ovate, somewhat bulbous, thin, translucent; spire obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls 5, convex, the last large; aperture large, ovate, slightly angular at the base. Light horn-color, with two distant broad dark brown bands. Canada. 171. G@, ovoidea, Zea. Fig. 226. Elliptical, smooth, ra- ther thick; spire obtusely conical, suture slightly impressed ; whorls 6, slightly convex; aperture moderate, ovate. Horn- color, with two indistinct dark bands, white within. Aleean- dria, te A single specimen only was received by Mr. Lea. 172. G. grata, Anth. Vig. 227. EHlongately fusiform, ra- ther thick, shining; spire raised, sharp-pointed, suture regu- larly impressed; whorls 9, flattened, the last shehtly convex; aperture rather large, sub rhomboidal, outer lip acute and sinuous, columella bent in and twisted. Bright olivaceous, with generally four dark bands, of which the two middle ones on the periphery are approximate, whitish and banded within. Big Prairie Creek, Ala. 173. G quadricincta, Lea. Figs. 228, 229. Conical, somewhat thick, polished; whorls 9—10, sloping, the last large and convex; aperture large, sub-rhomboidal. Bright yellow, with four green bands, of which the two middle ones are approximate, whitish and banded within. Coosa River, Ala,::' Geo. Larger, more inflated and lighter color than G. grata. 174. G, flava, Zea. Fig. 230. Obtusely conical, smooth, rather thin; spire obtuse, suture ve ery much impressed; whorls about 6, flattened, the last slopingly convex; aperture mode- rate, ovate, outer lip acute, slightly sinuous, columella bent in and thickened. Yellow, 3-banded, bands visible within. Benton Co., N. E. Ala. 175. G@. tenebrovittata, Zea. Fig.231. Elongated coni- eal, smooth, rather thin; spire raised, suture slightly impressed ; whorls pus flattened, the last large; aperture large, sub- rhomboidal. Yellowish; without or with four bands, which are narrow, and the two middle ones approximate or some- times coalesce into one. Coosa River, Ala. Larger and more elevated than G. grata, and the bands narrower. 36 AMERICAN JOURNAL 176. G. tenera, Arh. Fig. 232. Elongate fusiform, ra- ther thin; spire elevated, slightly carinate at apex, suture well impressed; whorls 8, slightly convex, the last large; aperture small, sub-rhomboidal, produced at base. Light horn-color, 4-banded, the two middle bands approximate. Ala. Distinguished by the narrowly effused aperture. 178. G, Elliottii, Zea. Fig.233. Obtusely conical, somewhat thick, obscurely striate; spire obtusely elevated, and carinately angled above the much impressed suture; whorls 6, slopingly convex, the last large; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal, columella twisted below. Yellowish-brown, without bands, generally dark brown within, fading to white on the margin. Fannin Co., Geo., Uchee and Little Uchee Rivers. 179. G. pallescens, Zea. Figs. 234, 235. Acutely coni- eal, carinate above the suture, rather thin; spire elevated, su- ture deeply impressed; whorls 9, sloping, flatly convex; aper- ture small ovate, angular at base. Yellowish, generally with- out bands, sometimes 4-banded. Chester Dist., S. C.; Little Uchee River, Columbus, Geo. Fig. 235 is G. inosculata, the immature shell of this species. The figure of pallescens, which is a copy of Mr. Lea’s, does not well represent the species. 179a. G. Rome, Lea. Fig. 236. Conoidal, thick, sub- carinate; spire elevated conical, suture slightly impressed ; whorls 7, planulate, the first ones carinate; aperture large, ovate; lip acute, sub-sinuous, columella thin and contorted. Dark corneous, without bands. Rome, Geo. 179b. G. circumlineata, Zryon. Figs. 237, 288. Fusi- form, inflated, thick ; spire elevated, apex acute; whorls 6—7, convex, the initial ones sometimes slightly folded; body whorl convex, obscurely many angled, the planes produced by irre- gular, raised revolving lines; aperture small, oblique, ovate. Dark greenish-black or dark horn-color, without bands. Cal. 180. G@. parva, Lea. Fig. 239. Conical, smooth, thin; spire somewhat raised, sharp-pointed, suture well impressed ; whorls 7, flatly convex ; aperture rather small, sub-rhomboidal. Horn-color, not banded. Geo. May be the same as pallescens. 182. G. Anthonyi, Zea. Fig. 240. Obtusely conical, smooth, rather thin, shining; spire obtuse, suture moderate ; whorls 6, somewhat convex, the last long; aperture large, elongately rhombic, columella very much twisted and narrow- ly produced below. Dark chestnut-brown, not banded. Tenn. 183. @, Cahawbensis, Zea. Fig.241. Obtusely conical, smooth, rather thin; spire elevated at the apex, carimate and sharp-pointed, suture linear; whorls 8, flattened, the last ra- ther large; aperture small, ovate. Dark horn-color, obscurely banded, whitish or yellowish within. Cahawba River, Ala. OF CONCHOLOGY. 37 185. G@. Gabbiana, Zea. Fig. 242. Ovately fusiform, smooth, rather thin; spire slightly elevated, sharp-pointed, suture moderate; whorls 8, convex and varicose; aperture small, sub-rhomboidal. Horn-color, not banded. Tenn., Ala. 185a. G, pulla, Lea. Fig.248. Fusiform, obtuse, smooth; spire obtusely elevated, suture irregularly impressed; whorls 7, slightly convex ; aperture small, ovately rhomboidal. Dark brown, shining, light purplish within. Cumberland Gap, E. Tenn. 186. G. sordida, Zea. Figs. 244—247. Conical, smooth, somewhat thick; spire obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls (eroded), slopingly convex; aperture rather large, somewhat rounded. Dark horn-color, bluish within. Zenn.; Ala.; Sa- line Co., Ark. Fig. 244 represents the type; Fig. 245 is @. plebeia, Anth.; Fig. 246, G@. brunnea, Anth.; and Fig. 247, G. perfusca, Lea. 187. G, claveformis, Zea. Fig.249. Club-shaped, smooth, rather thin, spire acute, suture somewhat impressed; whorls 8, convex, the last a little compressed around the upper part; aperture elongated. Chestnut-brown, shining, light purple within. Ocoee District and Clinch River, Tenn. i 188. G, castanea, Lea. Fig. 250. Club-shaped, smooth, rather thin; spire elevated, carinate towards the apex, suture narrow ; whorls 8, somewhat convex; aperture small, ellipti- eal. Dark brown, purple within. Maury Co., Tenn. 191. G, adusta, Anth. Figs.251—254. Conical, smooth, rather thick; spire elevated, acute, suture linear; whorls 8, flattened, the last slopingly convex; aperture ovate, columella deeply rounded, produced at base. Dark brown, purplish within. Tenn. Figs. 251 and 252 represent G. adusta; Fig. 253 is G. funedralis, Anth.; and Fig. 254, G. Cumberlandiensis, Lea, 192. G@, furva, Lea. Conical, rather thick; spire rather elevated, suture furrowed; whorls flattened; aperture small, sub-rhomboidal, angular at base. Dusky, purplish within. Coosa River, Ala. 198. G@. dubiosa, Zea. Figs. 255, 256. Conical, smooth, rather thin; spire attenuately conical, sharp-pointed, suture impressed; whorls 10, somewhat convex; aperture rather small, ovate. Reddish horn-color, whitish within. Jenn. Fig. 256 is G. Estabrookit, Lea. : 194. G, levigata, Zea. Fig. 257. Obtusely conical, smooth, rather thin; spire rather short, carinate towards the apex, suture linear; whorls 7, somewhat convex ; aperture rather large, elliptical, angular at base. Yellowish, white within, Alabama River. 38 AMERICAN JOURNAL 195. G. interlineata, Anth. Fig. 258. Elongated, slen- der, thin; spire elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls 7—8, sub-convex, smooth; aperture small, elliptical, shghtly produced at base. Greyish horn-color, alternating with nar- row, brown, longitudinal, hair-lke lines. Christy Creek, Ind. 196. G@. Ohioensis, Zea. Fig. 259. Conical, smooth, somewhat thin; spire obtusely conical, sharp-pointed, carinate at apex, suture very much impressed; whorls 9, convex; aper- ture small, somewhat rounded. MHorn-color, whitish within. Yellow Springs, Ohio. 197. G. brevispira, Anth. Fig. 260. Conical, ovate, smooth, rather solid; whorls 4—5, convex; aperture ovate. Brownish-green, paler at the suture. Oho. 198. G. semicarinata, Say. Figs. 261—270. Acutely conical, rather thick, smooth; spire elevated, carinate towards the apex, suture well impressed; whorls 9, rather convex; aperture small, elliptical. Yellowish-green or reddish horn- color, generally lighter at the suture, whitish within. Zenn., Ky., Ohio, Ind., Ills. Figs. 261 and 262 represent G@. semicarinata; Fig. 263, G. Kirtlandiana, Lea; Fig. 264, G. tnornata, Anth.; Fig. 265, G. bieolorata, Anth.; Fig. 266, G. elata, Anth.; Fig. 267, G. varicosa, Ward ; Fig. 268, G. angustispira, and Fig. 269, G. Grosvenorii, Lea. Fig. 270, G. babylonica, Lea, is a genic- late monstrosity of this species. 199. G. Haldemani, Zryon. Fig.271. Narrowly elonga- ted; spire elevated, suture slightly impressed; whorls 9, smooth, flat, the last sub-angulated at the periphery; aperture small, sub-rhomboidal. Light horn-color. Lake Hrie, Lake Champlain. 200. G. curvilabris, Anh. Fig. 272. Conical, smooth, rather thick; spire elevated, suture deeply impressed; whorls 7—8, convex, cylindrical, constricted around the middle; aper- ture irregularly oval, lip very much curved. Greenish horn- color. Tenn. 201. G. informis, Zea. Fig. 273. Lengthened cylindri- cal; spire elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls 6, flatly convex, medially constricted; aperture sub-rhomboidal, angulate below. Dark corneous. Louisville, Ky. 202. G. vittatella, Zea. Fig. 274. enethened, sub- cylindrical, smooth; spire elevated, apex sometimes carinate, suture linear; whorls 8, planulate; aperture small, sub-rhom- boidal. Dark brown, with a single dark band. Cumberland Gap, EB. Tenn. 202. G. Alexandrensis, Zea. Fig. 275. Acutely coni- cal, smooth, narrow, thin; spire elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls 7, somewhat convex; aperture small, trape- zoidal, a little produced below. Dark horn-color, white with- in. Alexandria, La. OF CONCHOLOGY- 39 204. G. Haleiana, Zea. Fig. 276. Subulate, very nar- row, smooth, thin, polished; spire much elevated, suture im- pressed ; whorls 9, convex; aperture small, ovate, angular at the base. Yellowish horn-color, sometimes with two bands, of which the lower is broadest. Alexandria, La. 205. G. rubella, Zea. Fig. 277. Awl-shaped, carinate and striate above, rather thin; spire attenuate, suture very much impressed; whorls 8, very convex; aperture quite small. Reddish, without bands. Murphy, Cherokee Co., N.C. 206. G. spinella, Zea. Fig.278. Much attenuated, smooth, thin; spire elevated, sharp-pointed, suture well impressed; wherls 9, somewhat flattened; aperture very small, ovate. Dark olive. Lighter on the suture, not banded, white within. Sycamore, Claiborne Co., Tenn. 207. G. Draytonii, Zea. Fig. 279. Smooth, conical, thick; spire raised, suture very much impressed; whorls 6, convex; aperture small, ovate. Dark chestnut-brown, with- out bands or obscurely banded, dark brown within. Fort George and Walla, Oregon. 207a. G. nigrina, Zea. Conical, smooth, thin, polished; spire elevated, suture impressed; whorls 6, slopingly convex; aperture small, ovate. Dark olivaceous or nearly black, pur- ple or olivaceous within. California. Distinguished from G. Draytonii by coler and texture. 208. G. proximia, Say. Figs. 281—284. Conical, rather slender, smooth, shining; spire acute, carinate, suture much impressed ; whorls 7, slopingly convex ; aperture rather large, rhomboidal. Reddish-brown, with or without bands. WN. (, S.C. Tenn., Alabama River. Fig. 281 is epprovimata, Hald.; Fig. 282, abjecta, Hald.; Fig. 283, rubri-— cata, Lea; Fig. 284, Taitiana, Lea. 208a. G. rufescens, Lea. Fig. 285. Elongated, conical, smooth, rather thin, shining; spire elevated, suture well im- pressed; whorls 7, convex, carinate towards the apex; aper- ture small, elliptical, angular below. Dark red, purplish within. Mamma’s Creek, Tenn. 1. Striate species, spire elevated. 209. G. Virginica, Gmel. Figs. 286—290. Elongated, conical, smooth, rather thin; whorls 6, the upper ones cari. nate, convex or flattened, either smooth or with one to ten re- volving striz; aperture elongate-elliptical. Brownish or oliva- ceous, generally with two bands. Middle States. A very variable species. 40 AMERICAN JOURNAL 210. G. sulcosa, Zea. Fig.291. Elongated, conical, thin; spire elongated, suture well impressed; whorls flattened, trans- versely sulcate; aperture small, ovate. Yellowish. Tenn. When perfect specimens are obtained, this may prove to be a species of Pleurocera. 211. G. Buddii, Zea. Fig. 292. Cylindrical, striate, ra- ther thin; spire attenuated, suture much impressed ; whorls 8, flatly convex; aperture small, elliptical. Horn-eolor, whitish within. Zenn. 212. G. Troostiana, Zea. Fig. 293. Elevated, thickly striate, thin; spire elevated, apex acute, carinate; whorls 10, slightly convex; aperture oval. Brown, generally brown within. Jenn. 213. G. latitans, Anth. Fig. 294. Elevated, obscurely striate, rather thin; spire elevated, suture deeply impressed ; whorls 8—9, very convex; lines of growth coarse; aperture large, oval. Greenish-brown, banded. Mammoth Cave, Ky. 214. G. porrecta, Lea. Vig. 295. Hlongated, attenuate, moderately thick; spire acuminate, suture canaliculately im- pressed; whorls 9, flattened, carinate and striate; aperture small, oval. Blackish-brown, white or brown within. #. Tenn. 215. G. sculptilis, Zea. Fig. 296. Conical, thin, thickly striate; spire conical, apex carinate and granulate, suture ir- recularly impressed; whorls 10, rather flattened, the last bulbous; aperture small, elliptical. Horn-color, white within. Tenn. 216. G. crenatella, Lea. Fig.297. Narrowly elongated, sub-cylindrical, sub-costate, transversely thickly ridged; spire much elevated, suture much impressed; whorls 7, flattened ; aperture very small, obliquely oval. Dark brown. Coosa Stiver, Ala. [To be Concluded in April No.] OF CONCHOLOGY. 41 GONIOBASIS, Lea. 42 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig. 34, Fig. 26. Fig. 32. Fig. 31. Fig. 46. OF CONCHOLOGY. 43 GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig. 58. Fig. 49. Fig. 60. Fig. 77. Fig. 59. 44 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lee. Fig. 80. Fig. 64. Fig, 73. Fig. 81. OF CONCHOLOGY. 45 GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig 98 Fig. 98. Fig. 84. Fig. 86. Fig. 101. Fig. 84a. Fig. 96. Fig. 109. Fig. 102. Fig. 105. Fig. 108. Fig. 112. Fig. 90. Fig. 106. Fig. 88. 46 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lea. ns Ue Saw: = “| 3 \ = Fig. 115. Fig. 126. Fig. 129. Fig. 119. Fig. 122. Fig. 118. OF CONCIIOLOGY. 47 GONIOBASIS, Lea. 48 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig. 173. ne a) WA s i. ( i J AN Z \ y 1 Z Fig. 163. Fig. 162. Fig. 189, Fig. 164. Fig.188 Fig. 177. Fig. 185. Fig. 170. Fig. 190. Fig. 171. Fiz. 169. Fig. 160. Fig. 159, ‘Fig. 175. OF CONCHOLOGY. 49 GONIOBASIS, Lea. Se Fig. 215. Fig. 214, Fig. 195. Fig. 208. Fig. 199. Fig. 21%. Fig. 196. Fig. 197a. Fig. 216. Fig. 203. 50 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig. 238. Fig. 234, Fig. 222, Fig. 226. Fig. 229. OF CONCHOLOGY. 51 GONIOBASIS, Lea. Fig. 252. Fig. 264, Fig, 266. Fig. 256. Fig. 246. fie SN id ‘ Fig. 259. Fig. 253, Fig. 250, Fig. 249. i} fi \ Fig. 251. Fig. 242, Fig. 261, Fig. 262. Fig. 260 52 AMERICAN JOURNAL GONIOBASIS, Lea. y Fig, 291. Fig. 285. Fig. 268. Fig. 269. Fig. 272. Fig. 279. Fig. 275, Fig. 296. Fig. 273. Fig. 276. OF CONCHOLOGY, 53 WOTE ON HELIX RUFA, DEKAY. BY E. MICHENER, M.D., AVONDALE, CHESTER CO., PA. Mr. Wm. G. Binney, when speaking of Helix albolabris, Say, remarks, that “Helis rufa, DeKay, appears to be the young of this species." —“Supplement to Binney’s Terrestrial Mollusks,” p. 44. Again, under Helix thyroides, Say, speaking of its varieties, he says: “One from Germantown, Pa, is very small, mea- suring only 15 millimetres in diameter. It is globose, shining, sometimes imperforate, and generally without the parietal tooth. It is impossible to distinguish it from forms of H. buc- culenta.” Of the latter, he gives H. thyroides, var. B. of Pfeiffer, as a synonym. Now, the Germantown variety of H. thyroides also occurs in this vicinity, and agrees exactly with DeKay’s description of H. rufa. I have not, however, found it imperforate, and the parietal tooth is generally slightly developed in mature shells. The young shells of H. albelabris and H. thyroides closely resemble each other, perhaps cannot be distinguished, except by color in the rufous variety of the latter. I would designate this shell as HELIX THYROIDES, var. BUFA, Synonym, Helix rufa, De Kay, and if it is “impossible” to distinguish between this and H. buceulenta, Gld., | would add it also to the synonymy.* * Note by the Editor.—We think, with our correspondent, that H. bue- eulenta is, probably, identical with DeKay’s species; at least, we can per- ceive no difference between it and what has hitherto been regarded as the Philadelphia form of H. thyroides. The more globose form, darker color. smaller size, ete., serve to distinguish it from thyroides. We are inclined to consider it a distinct species, however, rather than a variety. Its geo- graphical distribution is extensive. DeKay gives the localities, Rockland and Orange Counties, New York; and Dr. Gould, Georgia to Texas. To these I add the followi ing, of specimens in my cabinet, “Newbern, NS Gr: Antietam, Md.; Trenton and Atlantic City, N. J.; Germantown, Pa. 54 AMERICAN JOURNAL REMARKS ON THE ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE OPERCULATED LAND SHELLS WHICH INHABIT THE CONTINENT OF AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES, WITH A CATALOGUE OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES. BY THOMAS BLAND. In a paper “On the Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the West India Islands, with a Catalogue of the Species of each Island,” (Annals of the Lyceum, N.Y., VII., 1861), I referred to Darwin’s remark, that “the spe- cies of all kinds, which inhabit Oceanic islands, are few in num- ber, compared with those on equal continental areas,” and that the affinity of the inhabitants of islands is “to those of the nearest mainland, without being actually the same species.” I observed, that “the generic affinity of the land shells of the West India Islands to those of the adjacent parts of the American Continent is certainly intimate, but the existence of several genera, not represented on the Continent, shows other relationships,—the operation, it may be, of local causes. See- ing, moreover, the greater number of both genera and species, absolutely and proportionately, in the islands under considera- tion, it may not unreasonably be suggested that the insular stamp has rather been impressed on the fauna of the adjacent Continent, than the reverse.” With reference to the questions above noticed, I propose to offer some further observations on the relations of the land shell faunas of the American Continent and the West Indies to each other, and to the faunas of other countries. My re- marks, for the present, will be confined to the origin and dis- tribution of the operculated shells. I adopt the classification of Pfeiffer (Mon., 1865), giving the total number of genera and species in each Family and Subfamily, and the names (with number of species) of the genera represented in America and the West Indies. I indicate the numbers of species which occur in North America (excluding Mexico), Mexico (exclu- sive of Lower California), Central America Gncluding Yuca- OF CONCHOLOGY. 55 tan), South America (including the whole of New Grenada), and the West Indies. In using the term origin, applied to Families, Subfamilies and Genera, I refer to the country in which there is the maximum specific representation. PNEUMONOPOMA. Subordo. L—OPISOPHTHALMA. Fam. I1—ACICULACHA. Origin. West Indies; 4 genera, 67 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. §S. Am. W.I., especially. GEOMELANIA, 21 — — = — 21 Jamaica. CHITTYA, 1 — — _ -—~ 1 Ge TRUNCATELLA, 39 5 2 — 2 16 Cuba, Fam. II —DIPPLOMATINACEA. Origin.—Asia and Oceanica; 3 genera, 23 species; no re- presentation in America or West Indies. Subordo. Il—ECTOPHTHALMA. Fam. I—CYCLOSTOMACEA. Subfam.— Cyclotea.* * J alter the order in which the names of Subfamilies are given by Pfeiffer, for the purpose of bringing together those of similar origin. Origin.—Asia; 7 genera, 190 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. §. Am. W.I., especially. CycLortus, 111 — 2 4 16 40 Jainaica. Su bfam.— Cyclophorea. Origin.—Asia and Oceanica; 5 genera, 228 species. CRAs- PEDOPOMA (0 species) belongs to the Azores and Canaries. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. S. Am. W.I., especially. CyCLOPHORUS. 163 — 3 3 8 6 Martinique and Guadeieupe. Subfam.— Pupinea. Origin.—Asia; 9 genera, 89 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. §. Am. W. L., especially. MEGALOMASTOMA, 27 — —_ 2 1 17 Cuba. Subfam.— Realiea. Origin —Asia (Oceanica), 5 genera, 75 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. S. Am. W.I., espeeially. HyDROCENA, 27 _ — — 1 -- BourRciERA, 2 — — _ 2 — 56 AMERICAN JOURNAL Subfam.— Cyclostomea. Origin —Africa; 5 genera, 172 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. ©. Am. S. Am. CycLostTomus, 113 — —_— = at Tupora, 34 — 1 = = Subfam.— Pomatiateca. W. L., especially. 23 Jamaica. 2s Wee Origin.—Kurope; | genus, 24 species; not found in America or the West Indies. Subfam.—Liernea. Origin.—West Indies; 7 genera, 101 species. The genus XYCLOTOPSIS (2 species) is peculiar to Asia. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. €.Am. S. Am. JAMAICEA, 2 — _— -— — LicingEa, 6 _ _— _ _ CHOANOPOMA, 49 _ — _ — CrENOPOMA, 25 — — — — DirpLopoma, 1 — — _— _ ADAMSEELLA, 16 — _ 1 1 Subfam.— (Cisteulea. W.I., especially. 2 Jamaica. 4 Cuba? Haiti? 49 Cuba, Jamaica. 25 Cuba. iL ee 12 Jamaica. Origin— West Indies; 2 genera, 134 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C. Am, S. Am. CIsTULA, 40 — 1 8 2 CHONDROPOMA, 94 1 3 2 4 W.L., especially. 26 Cuba. 81 “ Haiti. Fam. IIL—HELICINACEA. Subfam.—Stoastomea. Origin ——West Indies; 1 genus, 83 species, of which 1 oc- eurs in the Island of Opara. Totak Species. N.Am. Mex. C. Am. S. Am SroasToma, 83 — _- — — Subfam.— Helicinen. W.TI., especially. 82 Jamaica. Origin—West Indies; 5 genera, 344 species. Total Species. N.Am. Mex. C.Am. S. Am. 33 TROCHATELLA, —_ _— — 1 LucipELEA, 5 a os a HELICcINA, 273 5 23 13 26 SCHASICHEILA, 5) -- 2 1 -- ALCADIA, 28 — — -- ni Subfam.— ffeorissea. W. I., especially. 30 Cuba. 5 Jamaica. 103 Cuba, Haiti. 1 New Providenee, Bahamas. 26 Jamaica, Cuba. Origin—Asia; 1 genus, 4 species; peculiar to Asia. Totals, 55 wenera, 1534 species. Total species on the Ameri- can Continent 150, being about 10 per cent., and in the West Indies 599 species, being 39 per cent. of the known opercula- ted land shells, excluding those referred to by Pfeiffer as “in- certee sedis vel omnino dubia.” OF CONCHOLOGY. 57 It appears from the foregoing, if the origin of Families only be considered, that the origin and distribution of the opereu- lated species in America and the West Indies, is as follows:— Origin. No. of Sp. America. Per cent. No. of Sp. W. Indies. Per cent. Asiatic, 66 44 314 524 West Indian, 84 56 285 ATS 150 100 599 100 This would lead to the inference that the Asiatic and West Indian influences are not far from equal in the Islands, and that the latter predominates on the Continent. If, however, the origin of Families and Subfamilies (in those cases in which the former are subdivided) be considered,—by no means an unreasonable way of treating the question,—the results are very striking. Origin. No. of Sp. America. Per cent. No. of Sp. W. Indies. Per cent. African, if 4 51 83 Asiatic, 42 28 63 103 West Indian, 107 714 485 81 150 100 599 100 The greater African influence in the Islands, and Asiatic on the Continents, is rather to be expected, on the supposition that America would receive African colonists from the West Indies, and the latter Asiatic colonists from the former. The following table, prepared on the same basis as.the one immediately preceding, shows, in a very interesting manner, the various degrees in which the African, Asiatic and West Indian influences appear to have been exerted in different sec- tions of the American Continent :— Origin. N.Am. cent. Mexico. @cent. C.Am. #Pecent. S. Am. Peent. African, -- — + — -- — — Asiatic, SS i AS es a8 eee 4a West Indian, 11 100 31 84 30. 764 35 854 37 ~=—- 100 39 =: 100 63 100 Total on the Continents, 150 species. It will be noticed (from the last table), that the African in- fluence is manifest only in Mexico, where the Asiatic influence is at its mimimum, and the West Indian (the rest of North America excepted) at its maximum; that the Asiatic influence is greatest in South America, diminishing towards the North, while the West Indian influence has its maximum in the North, and becomes gradually less towards the South. It is remarkable that on the Continent of America there is no peculiar genus of operculated shells, save Bourciera (Cyclostomacea), of which 2 species only are known, and Schasicheila (Helicinacea), embracing 5 species, while in the Islands there are very many strictly West Indian genera re- presented by a multiplicity of species. 58 AMERICAN JOURNAL The facts regarding the distribution of the operculated land -shells most certainly do not support the statement of Darwin, that “the species of all kinds which inhabit Oceanic islands are few in number, compared with those on equal continental areas;” but they do lead to the conclusion, in the case under consideration, that the insular stamp, as I have elsewhere ob- served, has rather been impressed on the fauna of the adjacent continents, than the reverse. I have not closely examined the subject, but believe that the distribution of operculated species in other islands or groups of islands (for example, Madagascar and Ceylon) show the same connection with the continents adjacent to them, as exists between the West Indies and America. The question is suggested, Are the faunas of the islands more ancient than those of the continents? It is a noticeable fact, bearing on the relationship of the American and West Indian operculated shell faunas, that the identical species common to both are very few. The following are the only examples known to me :— Cyclotus translucidus, Sowb., Columbia and Ins. Trinidad. Chondropoma dentatum, Say, Florida and Cuba. ; } Helicina subglobulosa, Poey, a i Dysoni, Pfr., Honduras and Ins. Trinidad. Several species of Zruncatella are common to both faunas, but the habits of that genus are rather maritime than terres- trial. On a future occasion I may attempt a similar inquiry rela- tive to the origin and distribution of the inoperculated species. \ OF CONCHOLOGY: 59 CATALOGUE OF THE OPERCULATED LAND SHELLS WHICH INHABIT THE CONTINENT OF AMERICA. [Norz.—In the following Catalogue, the Genera and Spe- cies are arranged inthe order adopted by Pfeiffer (Mon. 1865), and the numbers are given of the sections (§) into which he divides the Genera. ] PNEUMONOPOMA., Subordo. I—OPISOPHTHALMA. Fam.—ACICULACKEA. TRUNCATELLA. Florida, W. Indies. California. Florida, W. Indies. Florida, Mexico, W. Indies. §$ 2 subcylindrica, Gray, Californica, Pfr., pulchella, Pfr., 3 Caribxensis, Sowb., Bairdiana, Ad., Panama. bilabiata, Pfr., Florida, Mexico, W. Indies. 4 rostrata, Gould, Brazil. Subordo. Il—ECTOPHTHALMA. Fam.—CY CLOSTOMACEA. Subfam. I.— Cyclotea. CYCLOTUS. Columbia. Quito, N. Grenada. Equador, N. Grenada. Venezuela, Bolivia. . Columbia, Guatemala, § 1 giganteus, Gray, Quitensis, Pfr., Dunkeri, Pfr., Inca, Orb., translucidus, Sowb., Popayanus, Lea., prominulus, Fer., 2 angulatus, Sowb., granulatus, Pfr., Bogotensis, Pfr., Ins. Trinidad. N. Grenada. Brazil. N. Grenada. Equador. N. Grenada. 60 AMERICAN JOURNAL 3 laxatus, Sowb., Columbia. 4 stramineus, Rv., Columbia. Dysoni, Pfr., Mexico, Honduras. 4 glaucostomus, Pfr., Venezuela. bisinuatus, Martens, Costarica. 5 distinctus, Sowb., Columbia, 9 Berendti, Pfr., Mexico. discoideus, Sowb., Demerara. 10 incomptus, Sowb., N. Grenada. Subfam. Il.— Cyclophorea. CYCLOPHORUS. 8 Mexicanus, Menke, Mexico. 12 lutescens, Pfr., Mexico. 15 ?purus, Forbes, Central America. Cumingt, Sowb., Columbia. haematomma, Pfr., Kquador. Bourciert, Pfr., Equador. Guayaquillensis, Sowb., Guayaquil. psilomitus, Pfr., Venezuela. ? Gayi, Hupé, Chili. 16 ponderosus, Pfr., Guatemala. Boucardi, Salle, Mexico. texturatus, Sowb., Guatemala. Cayennensis, Shuttl., 17 2? Moricandi, Pfr., French Guiana. Brazil. Subfam. I1.— Pupinea. MEGALOMASTOMA. 1 bifasciatum, Sowb., Guayaquil. 3 simulacrum, Mor., Guatemala. Guatemalense, Pfr., Guatemala. Subfam. IV.—Licinea. ADAMSIELLA. 4 chlorostoma, Sowb., Demerara. Osberti, Tristram, Guatemala. Subfam.— Cyclostomea. TUDORA. 2 wlanospira, Pfr. 7: d ) Mexico. OF CONCHOLOGY. Subfam.— Ostulea. CISTULA. § : pleurophora, Pfr., Honduras. 2 radiosa, Mor., Guatemala. Tamsiana, Prr., Venezuela. 3 Gruneri, Pfr., Honduras. Kiistert, Pfr., Honduras. + 2acerbula, Mor., Guatemala. 5 Thoreyena, Phil, Bolivia. 6. Grateloupi, Pfr., Largillierti, Pfr, rigidula, Mor., 7 trochlearis, Pfr., Yucatan, West Indies ? Yucatan. Guatemala. Mexico, Guatemala. CHONDROPOMA, 2 plicatulum, Pfr., Venezuela. Venezuelense, Pfr, Venezuela. Cumanense, Pfr. Cumana. ? vespertinum, Mor, Mexico. + dentatum, Say, Florida, Cuba. 5 ? turritum, Pir, Honduras. subauriculatum, Pfr., Cumana, a rubicundum, Mor, Guatemala. Cordovanum, Pir, Mexico. 9 truncatum, Wiegm., Mexico ? Subfam.—Realiea. HYDROCENA. Bridgesi, Pfr., Chili. BourRcIERA. helicineeformis, Pfr., EKquador. Fraseri, Pfr., Equador. Fam.—HELICINE A. TROCHATELLA. $ 4 semilirata, Pfr., Venezuela. HELICINA. S$ 1 unidentata, Pfr., lirata, Pfr., 3 Mohriana, Pfr., microdina, Mor. 5 eae gud Pfr, 8 sanguinea, Ptr, occulta, Say, 9 crassilabris, Phil, Ins. Carmen, Honduras. Mexico, Yucatan. Mexico. Guatemala. Honduras, Honduras. Indiana, U.S. Venezuela ? 61 AMERICAN JOURNAL 11 Buncki Pir, delicatula, Shuttl., pellucida, Sowb., fragilis, Mor., 12 Tamsiana, Pfr., raresulcata, Pfr., sordida, King, arenicola, Mor., 13 chrysochetla, Binn., turbinata, Wiegm., Deppeana, Martens, Sandozi, Shuttl., zephyrina, Duclos., Berendti, Pfr., Chiapensis, Pfr., Sprucet, Pfr., tenuis, Pfr., 13 vernalis, Mor., Oweniana, Pfr., tropica, Jan., orbiculata, Say, elata, Shuttl., 14 riparia, Pfr., merdigera, Sallé, Paraénsis, Pfr., Antoni, Pfr., 15 sinuosa, Pfr., Heloise, Sallé, notata, Sallé, hemastoma, Moric., chrysocherla, Shuttl., Hanleyana, Pfr., flavida, Menke, Strebel, Pfr., brevilabris, Pfr., 16 sylvatica, Orb., Dytoni, Pfr., diaphana, Pfr., 17 oresigena, Orb., 18 fulva, Orb., Braziliensis, Gray, 19 Sowerbyana, Pfr., Columbiana, Phil., gonochila, Pfr., 20 Lindeni, Pfr., subglobulosa, Poey, N. Granada. Mexico. French Guiana. Guatemala. Venezuela. Mexico. Brazil. Yucatan. North America ? Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. Mexico. Peru. Mexico, Yucatan, W. Indies? Guatemala. Mexico. Texas. Florida, Texas. Mexico. N. Grenada. Mexico, Guatemala. Brazil. Honduras. Mexico ? Mexico. Mexico. Brazil. Mexico. Louisiana. Mexico, Guatemala. Mexico. Mexico. Bolivia. Honduras, Venezuela, Ins. Trinidad. Honduras. Bolivia. Bolivia. Brazil. Guatemala. Columbia. Venezuela. Mexico, Guatemala. Florida, West Indies. OF CONCHOLOGY. 63 maculata, Sowb., South America. Chryseis, Tristram, Guatemala. 21 amena, Pfr., Honduras. 23 Cthiesbreghti, Pfr., Mexico. Kieneri, Pfr., Venezuela. caracolla, Moric., Brazil. cinctella, Shuttl., Mexico. 23 concentrica, Pfr., Venezuela, N. Grenada. carinata, Orb., Bolivia. Lundi, Beck, Brazil. 24 Candeana, Orb., Venezuela. 26 angulata, Sowb., Brazil. 27 Besckei, Pfr., Brazil. variabilis, Wagn., Brazil. Tile, Pfr., Brazil. 28 rostrata, Mor., Guatemala. Salvini, Tristram, Guatemala. rhynchostoma, Shuttl., Columbia. denticulata, Pfr., Honduras. SCHASICHEILA. Nicoleti, Shuttl,, Mexico. alata, Menke, Mexico. ? pannucea, Mor., Guatemala. ALCADIA. ? sericea, Drouet, Cayenne. Norr.—I find that, in the foregoing paper and Catalogue, Cyclotus Cooperi, Tryon, (Phila. Proc., 1863,) of Mexico, has been omitted. Pfeiffer has also overlooked it. as 64 ; AMERICAN JOURNAL NOTE ON THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MEGASPIRA. BY THOMAS BLAND. Lea gave the generic name of Adegaspira (Obs. IL, p. 21,) to Pupa elatior, Spix, which, with the allied species elata, Gould, was placed by Pfeiffer (Mon. IT. and IIT.) in the genus Lalea. In his last Supplement (Mon. IV.), Pfeiffer adopts Megaspira, consid- ering it entitled to generic rank. In a late examination: of the internal structure of species of Cylindrelle, I opened a specimen of Megaspira elatior, and finding it extremely curious, and, so far as I can learn, hitherto unnoticed by authors, I now is daa ga describe it. In the centre and on the under side of the septa, beginning at about the twelfth whorl from the apex, there is a raised lamina, which is continued to the aperture, where it terminates on the parietal wall. A single lamina revolves on the axis in the upper whorls, but lower down, where the septal lamina commences, there are two or three, the lowest projecting obliquely, and with a sinuous margin, which is obsolete on the last whorl. These axial lamine terminate on the columellar margin of the aperture. Within several of the lower whorls, on the septa, there are two or three curved lamelle, at right angles with the axis, some of them armed with a hook, the point of which is di- rected towards the axis. The transverse lamellee and lamina, of peculiar form, with sinuous margin, I have not observed in any species of Cylin- drella. Of the alliances of Megaspira with other genera, shown by the buccal plate and lingual band, I have not seen any notice. OF CONCHOLOGY. 65 ILLUSTRATIONS OF MIOCENE FOSSILS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY T. A. CONRAD: NASSID. NASSA, Lam. Subgenus, BULLIOPSIS, Conrad. This subgenus is distinguished by the absence of conspicu- ous strize or ribs, while the species are variable in form, and the labrum is without lines within. N. QUADRATA, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 1. Description.—Ovately turrited; whorls scalariform, with an obtuse revolving ridge on the angle; body whorl slightly con- tracted below the ridge; columella callous, with the deposit broad. N. quadrata, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci, Vol. VI., p. 226, pl. 9, fig. 16. This is a variable, but distinct species; on the body whorl are indistinct revolving lines near the base, and occasionally irregular obsolete lines on the ridge. Locality —St. Mary’s Co., Md. N. MargyLanpica, Conrad.—Pl. 8, fig. 8. Description.—Oblong-ovate, entire ; whorls 6, slightly con- vex ; body whorl slightly flattened laterally; suture impressed ; spire conical; columella callous, broad and thick on the sum- mit; aperture about half the leneth of the shell. Bulhia Marylandica, Conrad.— Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862, p. 287. Locality.—St. Mary’s Co., Md. 66 AMERICAN JOURNAL N. inTEGRA, Conrad.—PI. 38, fig. 5. Description—Ovate; spire conical; whorls convex; bod whorl ventricose; aperture elliptical, nearly half the shell’s leneth; columella thick and reflexed, but without a promi- nent callus. Buccinum integrum, Conrad.—Proceed. National Institution, De 10s. Variety, ovATA, Conrad.—PI. 8, fig. 4. (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1862, p. 287.) Calvert Clifts, Md. N. SUBCYLINDRICA, Conrad. Locality. Description.—Ovately turrited, sub-cylindrical; body whorl slightly contracted; base with revolving lines; summits of the whorls slightly flattened or sub-scalariform. This species differs from N. guadrata, in being without re- volving lines at base, without a revolving ridge below the su- ture, and in having the whorls only slightly flattened at sum- mit. These four species have been determined by a compari- son of the young shells of each form. VOLUTIDA. VOLUTIFUSUS, Conrad. Description. — Fusiform; body whorl finely striated or smooth, with the exception of the shoulder, which is some- times tuberculated; columella plaited, folds 2 to 8, sometimes very prominent, oblique; apex papillated; initial whorl acute, sub-spiral, narrow; beak produced, recurved or sinuous. This genus, so long confounded with Voluta, is remarkably characteristic of Miocene strata in Hurope and America. Its narrow base and recurved beak distinguish it from the former. The species are more variable and difficult to distinguish than those of Voluta. The only recent form with which they might be regarded as congeneric is Voluta dubia, Broderip. The species in this country are:— V. Trenholmii, Twomey and Holmes; V. obtusa, Emmons; V. solitaria, Conrad; V. muta- bilis, Conrad, and V. typus, Conrad. Those of Hurope:—V. Lamberti, Sowerby; V. Yarbelliana, Grateloup; V. auris- leporis, (Sowerby,) Grat. There is no true Voluta in the Ter- tiary formations of North America. The recent genus is al- most exclusively limited to Australia, Southern Africa, and the Indian Ocean. V. Junonia (genus Scaphella, Swainson, ) is the only one of the living Volutide on the United States coast. It inhabits the waters of the keys near Tampa Bay, OF CONCHOLOGY. 67 where I found fragments and saw a whole specimen. Also South Carolina, on the authority of Dr. Ravenel. The V. musica is the only species which can be certainly re- ferred to Voluta, as restricted, in the West Indies. V. rypus, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 2. Description — Fusiform, thick in substance; whorls 6, be- sides the initial one, shehtly concave above, with an angle near the suture, obscurely plicated; labrum thick near the summit, with an acute margin; columella with two distinct, little prominent folds; beak sinuous. Locality —N orth Carolina. CANCELLARID A. CANCELLARIA, Lam. C. PERSPECTIVA, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 6. Description—Sub-globose, with irregular, oblique, promi- nent, narrow, distant ribs, and prominent, flattened, revolving strie, with an intermediate fine line ; ; Spire very short, conical : whorls profoundly channelled at the suture; aperture ovate : labrum with short, prominent lines within, and the margin undulated; umbilicus large, exhibiting the volutions to the apex, alternately striated within, margin acute; columella with 3 plaits, the upper one largest, and the lowest one small. Locality. ; River, Virginia, near Smithfield. C. BIPLICIFERA, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 9. Description—Sub-ovate, with rather thick, prominent ribs, and revolving, broad striz, and an intermediate fine line; ribs ~ slightly convex; summits of the whorls widely and deeply channelled; shoulder coronated; umbilicis small; columella concave, biplicate. (. biplicifera, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Vol. WEL, pili. Locality.—Calvert Cliffs, Md. CU, ALTERNATA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 7. Description.—W horls 6, rounded, with nine or ten promi- nent ribs, and prominent revolving distant striee, and an inter- mediate fine line; spire conical; aperture less than half the length of the shell, sub-ovate ; columella 3- -plaited, plaits de- creasing in size towards the base : umbilicus small; summits of volutions flattened ; 5 of the larger revolving lines on the penultimate whorl. C. alternata, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Vol. WAS peckbor 68 AMERICAN JOURNAL C. ENGONATA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 8. Description.— Short-fusiform, longitudinally ribbed, with prominent revolving lines, about 12 in number, from the shoulder to base; whorls 5; spire conical, scalariform; aper- ture lunate; columella three-plaited, the middle one very oblique. C. engonata, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Vol. Wi 7.188. Locality Calvert Cliffs, Md. C. PLAGIOSTOMA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 15. Description —Short-fusiform, with numerous prominent ribs, and distant, prominent revolving lines; spire scalariform ; whorls 6, with one prominent revolving line on the flattened summit; aperture more than half the shell’s length; colum- ella three-plaited, the superior one very prominent, and con- tinued into a ridge revolving to the base; base narrow, slight- ly produced and twisted ; sub-umbilicated. C. plagiostoma, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Vol. VIL p. £36: Locality—James River, near Smithfield, Virginia. C. SCALARINA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 17. Description — Sub-fusiform; volutions 6; ribs numerous, prominent; revolving lines very prominent, distant, four on the penultimate whorl below the angle, and four or five close, fine lines above; spirescalariform, prominent; aperture less than half the shell’s length; labrum without lines, but with shght furrows, corresponding to the ribs opposite; columella three- plaited, the two lower folds approximate; base slightly pro- duced, sub-acute. Locality.— Virginia ? MURICIDA. BUSYCON, Bolten. B. ALVEATUM, Conrad.—PI. 38, fig. 7. Description —Pyriform or sub-fusiform ; substance mode- rately thick; spire prominent, scalariform, angle of whorls situated much above the middle, carinated on the angle: summit channelled, the canal margined by a prominent line, broad on the body whorl; space between the two revolving lines slightly concave; columella with a salient angle on its lower half. Locality.—St. Mary’s River, Md. OF CONCHOLOGY. 69 A much smaller species than its nearest congener B. incile, with angular volutions, less ventricose, and an angular col- umella, which in the other is rounded; the sutural channel is much less profound. B. str1ATuM, Conrad.—PI. 3, fig. 8. Description.—Pyriform; spire moderately prominent, coni- eal; whorls nearly straight or indistinctly concave laterally; angles immediately above the suture furnished with numerous small, close tubercles; suture impressed, noi channelled; sur- face covered with distinct revolving rugose lines, except a space on the lower part of the body whorl, where they are finer, and about four in number; labrum within striated throughout its whole length. Locality.— Virginia or Maryland. CYPRAID A. CYPRAA, Lin. C, ANNULIFERA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 19. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1862, p. 567. This species is approximate to C. annularia, Brone. EULIMID A. NISO, Risso. N. LINEATA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 13. Description—Subulate, polished, with obsolete revolving lines; body whorl angulated and slightly carinated at its greatest diameter; whorls 10 or 11, with a deep angular groove | at the suture. Bonellia lineata, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Vol. Will piss: Locahty.—Calvert Cliffs, Md. AURICULID A. TIFATA? A. and H. Adams. ’. LONGIDENS, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 12. Descriptions.—Acutely oval ; spire conical, apex mucronate ; whorls 7; suture profound; aperture very narrow, dentato- striate within; columella with an elongated, slightly curved plait, directed obliquely upwards. 70 AMERICAN JOURNAL Melampus longidens, Conrad.—Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1862, p. 584. Locality.—Y orktown, Virginia. I had referred this shell to a new subgenus, Hnsiphorus, as it has only the one large fold, but it is, more probably, a true Tifata, although that genus has two columellar folds. SAXICA VIDA. SAXICAVA, Bellevue. S. PARILIS, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 6. Description.—Sub-oval, ventricose, equilateral, very thin in substance, end margins nearly equally rounded, summit prominent, lines of growth minute. Locality—Shiloh, N. J. ANATINID. PERIPLOMA, Schum. Pp. aLTa, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 10. Description —Obtusely ovate in the adult, substance thin; sub-orbicular when young; posteriorly ventricose; anterior side sub-rostrated, compressed; the end truncated, direct, much above the basal line, which is profoundly rounded; anterior submargin of the right valve with a slightly raised line, ante- rior to which the valves are suddenly contracted. Locality—Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. This large species is abundant, but always more or less dis- torted in the adult specimens, so that the large figure is only approximate, but the young appears to have its original form, as given in the figure. It is allied to the very small species of the Southern coast, P. papyratia (Anatina), Say, which is represented in fig. 9 for comparison, and is the only figure yet published of that recent species. P. alfa is unknown in any other locality than Shiloh. THRACIA, Leach. T. My £FoRMIS, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 3. Description.—Ovate, inequilateral; posterior side somewhat produced, compressed, much reflexed; the end acutely rounded. Saxicava myzeformis, Conrad.—Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1862, p. 585. Locality.— With the preceding. OF CONCHOLOGY. 71 This small species has much resemblance in outline and surface to Mya arenaria. The figure is only approximate to the true outline, as the shell is slightly crushed. MACTRIDA. SPISULA, Gray. S. CAPILLARIA, Conrad.—PI. 8, fig. 10. Description —Triangular, subequilateral; umbo prominent; lunule not defined; surface with prominent or coarse lines of growth; anterior margin very regularly rounded; posterior side sub-cuneate, slightly contracted or flattened on the disk; um- bonal slope abrupt, but undefined by an angle, except on the umbo; posterior slope with hair-like, oblique lines; Jateral teeth striated with minute, but distinct lines. Locality—James River? Va. TELLINIDA. TELLINA, Lin. Subgenus, ANGULUS, Muhlfeldt. T. PERACUTA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 11. Description.—Hlliptical, subequilateral; posteriorly rostrated and acute. Locality —Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. A small species, allied to 7’ polita, Say, but longer in pro- portion, and more acute. Subgenus, TELLINELLA ? Gray. T. CAPILLIFERA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 2. Description —Triangular, inequilateral, very thin in sub- stance; umbonal slope of right valve slightly carimated, sub- marginal, straight, bounded posteriorly by a slightly impressed line, end sub-truncated, much above the line of the base; sur- face with minute, close, hair-like, concentric lines on the ante- rior side; lateral teeth prominent; left valve ventricose. Locality—Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. The extreme fragility of this shell has prevented me from ascertaining the hinge of the deeper valve, and the species is, therefore, only provisionally referred to Tedlinella. MYSIA, Leach. M. PARILIS, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 1. Description—Kquilateral, nearly circular, ventricose, thin and fragile; basal and anterior margin regularly rounded. Locality—Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. 72 AMERICAN JOURNAL ASTARTE, Sowerby. A. COMPSONEMA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 18. Description—Sub-triangular, inequilateral, slightly convex ; ornamented with regular, sub-equal, close, concentric lines, rounded, slightly recurved, between 45 and 50 in number; apex prominent, acute; lunule lanceolate; dorsal margin very oblique, slightly sinuous; posterior side slightly contracted ; extremity much above the line of the base, and obtuse. Locality.—Virginia? This elegant species is more elevated than A. concentrica, Con., and has more numerous and finer lines; it differs from A. bella, Con., in having rather larger lines, and in the hinge- plate being much narrower, and the lunule much less exca- vated. The genus is remarkably developed in the American Miocene, 18 species having been described, whilst 4 species only have been obtained from the Hocene, and there are but 3 recent species on the Atlantic coast, as far North as Massa- chusetts; and, except A. castanea, Say, they do not live South - of that State. There is a curious blending of tropical or sub- tropical genera in the American Miocene, with forms which are prevalent in Northern latitudes. Thus Cyprea, Conus and Orassatella lived on the Virginia coast in company with many species of Astarte, of which genus no species has been found even in the Postpliocene of Virginia or Carolina. A. DISTANS, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 14. Description —Triangular, convex-depressed, with four broad, concentric undulations; concentric lines unequal; umbo flat- tened, with prominent, small, concentric ribs; inner margin minutely crenulated. A. distans, Conrad.—Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1862, p. 288. Locality,—Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. A. THomasiII, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 16. Description —Triangular, slightly ventricose; ribs robust, rounded, recurved; concentric lines minute; towards the pos- terior end, the ribs become obsolete; posterior extremity sub- truncated nearly direct; summit prominent; lunule large, acutely ovate, deeply impressed ; inner margin crenulated. A. Thomasti, Conrad.—Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1855, p. 267. Locality—Near Mullica Hill, N. J. OF CONCHOLOGY. ies CARDITID A. CARDITAMERA, Conrad. C. ACULEATA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 5. Description.— Trapezoidal, inequilateral; umbonal slope ventricose; base emarginate in the middle; disk contracted in the middle; ribs very large over the umbonal slope; an- terior ribs crenulated; the larger ribs and the dorsal sub-margin with prominent scales. Locality Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. ap I found one valve only, of this small and distinct species. MY TILID. LITHOPHAGA, Bolten. L. SUBALVEATA, Conrad.—PI. 4, fig. 4. Description.—Oblong, very tbin and fragile, ventricose, pos- terior side produced, a slight wide furrow marks the umbonal slope, on and behind which are concentric grooves and lines; basal margin slightly emarginate or contracted. Locality—Shiloh, Cumberland Co., N. J. A single specimen was found penetrating the shell of Ostrea percrassa, Conrad. 74 AMERICAN JOURNAL REFERENCE TO PLATES ILLUSTRATING MR. CoNRAD’S SO DIS OS wo bw Et PAPERS. Pilate 3. NASSA QUADRATA, Conrad.—P. 65. VOLUTIFUSUS TYPUS, Conrad.—P. 67. Nassa MAaryLANpIca, Conrad.—P. 65. “ INTEGRA, var. OVATA, Conrad.—P. 66. % ef Conrad.—P. 66. . CANCELLARIA PERSPECTIVA, Conrad.—P. 67. . BUSYCON ALVEATUM, Conrad.—P. 68. < STRIATUM, Conrad.—P. 69. . CANCELLARIA BIPLICIFERA, Conrad.—P. 67. . SPISULA CAPILLARIA, Conrad.—P. 71. Plate 4. _ MyYSsIA PARILIS, Conrad:—P: 71. TELLINELLA CAPILLIFERA, Conrad.—P. 71. THRACIA MYZFORMIS, Conrad.—P. 70. . LITHOPHAGA SUBALVEATA, Conrad.—P. 73. CARDITAMERA ACULEATA, Conrad.—P. 78. . SAXICAVA PARILIS, Conrad.—P. 70. . CANCELLARIA ALTERNATA, Conrad.—P. 67. ge ENGONATA, Conrad.—P. 68. PERIPLOMA (ANATINA) PAPYRATIA, Say.—P. 70. Ht ALTA, Conrad.—P. 70. . TELLINA PERACUTA, Conrad.—P. 71. . TIFATA LONGIDENS, Conrad.—P. 69. 3. NIsO LINEATA, Conrad.—P. 69. . ASTARTE DISTANS, Conrad.—P. 72. 5. CANCELLARIA PLAGIOSTOMA, Conrad.—P. 68. . AstarTE THomaAsgst, Conrad.—P. 72. . CANCELLARIA SCALARINA, Conrad.—P. 68. . ASTARTE COMPSONEMA, Conrad.—P. 72. . CYPRZA ANNULIFERA, Conrad.—P. 69. OF CONCHOLOGY. 15 NOTE ON THE GENUS GADUS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF AMERICAN FOSSIL SHELLS. BY wt. A. CONBAD: DENTALIDA. GADUS, Montagu? Rang. 1829. Helonyz, Stimpson, 1865. This genus is attributed to Montagu by Rang, but I can find no such genus in Montagu’s Conchology. Deshayes quotes it, Gadus, Rang. Dr. Stimpson remarks, that (7. clava- lus, Gould, is the only living species; but G. gadus, Montagu informs us, is a “pelagic species, found in many parts of the British Channel, adhering to the log (lead) line;” and a few others were obtained by Cuming in America seas. The genus makes its first appearance in the Eocene of Hurope and Amer- ica. The American fossil species are:—D. pusillum (Ditrupa?), Gabb; D. subcoarctata (Ditrupa), Gabb; and D. thallus, Con- rad. There are three species in the Paris Eocene. : ECPHORA, Conrad. There is one species only in America, and one in the Mio- cene near Bordeaux, 2. Jauberti (Pyrula), Grateloup, very closely allied to #.4-costata, Say, but having three ribs, whilst the latter has invariably four. There is a remarkable affinity among a number of the Dax and Italian fossils with the Mio- cene shells of North America; for example, Cancellaria am- pullacea, Broce., is allied to C. biplicifera, Con.; Cypreea annu- larva, Brong., to C. annulifera, Con.; C. leporina, Gray, Lam., to C. Carolinensis, Con.; the species of Trochita near Dax, er- roneously referred to trochiformis, is allied to 7. perarmata, Con. Nerita carinata, Brocchi (Italy), is a species of Carinor- bis, Conrad, an American Miocene genus. 76 AMERICAN JOURNAL VELUTINIDZ. LEPTONOTIS, Conrad. Description—Sub-oval or sub-rotund; apex distant from the margin; peristome continuing around the body of the vo- lution to near the base of the columella. Velutina (Otina) expansa, Whitfield.— Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. 1., p. 265, pl. 27, figs. 14, 15. This genus differs from Velutina in the remarkable expan- sion of the outer lip, and the distance of the apex from the margin. It was probably unlike Velutina, an inhabitant of deep water. MACTRIDA. CUMINGIA, Sowerby. C. BOREALIS, Conrad.—Gould’s Invert. of Mass., fig. 36. This shell has long been referred to the fossil C. tellinotdes, Con., but it 1s greatly inferior in size, and the height is less in proportion to its length. It inhabits the coast of Massachu- setts; South Carolina, on the authority of Dr. Ravenel. CORBULID i. CORBULA, Lam, C. ALIFORMIS, Conrad. Description.—Hlongated, oblique, very inequilateral, with a sinuous anterior margin; hinge margin with a linear groove posteriorly ; smaller valve unknown. C. alta, Conrad.—Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 2d Series, Vol. lpi tess, (not Calta 72d Series) Vol. plat2, fig. 33.) This shell belongs exclusively to the Shell Bluff group, and is very distinct from C. alta of the Vicksburg group. TELLINIDA. MACOMA, Leach. M. VIRGINIANA, Con. This species is extinct, and may be distinguished from JM. lusoria by being proportionally more elevated, rounded at base, and less compressed and reflexed anteriorly. In “Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations,” this species is described as T. lusoria, Say.* * Inhabits the coast of New Jersey. OF CONCHOLOGY. yi ANOMIIDA. DIPLOSCHIZA, Conrad. Description —Shell bivalve, with a deeply notched or emar- ginate hinge in both valves; smaller valve concave; struc- ture laminated. D. CRETACEA, Conrad.* Description—Short-ovate ; larger valve ventricose, with one to three distant concentric undulations; umbo truncated; small- er valve deeply concave; cardinal notch carinated on both sides. Dimensions.—Length } inch. Locality—Alabama. Cretaceous. Dr. Showalter. Observations—This genus seems to approximate more nearly the families Anomitde and Terebratulide, bearing the same relation to Anomia that Morrissia does to Terebratula. The shell seems to have been attached by the umbo of the larger valve, the truncature of which reminds us of the truncated beak of Terebratula. THEREBRATULID. TEREBRATULINA, D’Orbigny. T. FILOSA, Conrad.* Description—Sub-orbicular, with numerous thread-like, close, ramose, radiating lines. Locality — Alabama, in rotten limestone (cretaceous). Dr. Showalter. This species differs from 7. gracilis, in having finer lines, and in the wave of the basal margin, which is in the opposite direction from that of 7. gracilis. LACUNARIA, Conrad. Description.—Ovato-conoid or sub-globose, thin in substance, with delicate, close, revolving lines; aperture entire, rounded or round-ovate, angulated posteriorly, margins disunited; col- umella flattened, with a long groove descending from the um- bilicus. > L, ALABAMIENSIS (Natica), Whitfield—Amer. Journ. Conch., Vol. L., p. 265, pl. 27, figs. 9, 10. | * To be figured in the next No. of this Journal. 78 AMERICAN JOURNAL L. ERECTA (Natica), Whitfield—lIb., fig. 11. Deshayes figures a number of species of this Eocene genus under the generic name of Lacuna. I believe the genus in- habited deep water, unlike Lacuna, and probably terminated its existence at the close of the Hocene period. Certainly it is as yet unknown in a later formation. CYCLOMERA, Conrad. I propose this name, in place of Cycloceras, given by me as a subgenus of Baculites, which name is pre-occupied. OF CONCHOLOGY. 79 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN FRESH-WATER SHELLS. BY. T. A. CONRAD. I published, in the “ Proceedings of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia,” Vol. V., p. 10—11, Feb., 1850, descriptions of several new species of fresh-water shells from Australia. The Unios contained in that paper, were afterwards more fully described by me in the “Journal of the Academy,” with lithographic figures; but the univalveshells have,until now, remained unfigured. Finding that a number of new species from the same country have been recently described in the “Zoological Proceedings,” London, I now re-publish mine, with colored illustrations, in order to enable naturalists to make more satisfactory comparisons. |. VIVIPARA SUBLINEATA, Conrad.—t. 1, f. 8. Description—* Ventricose, conoidal, sub-umbilicate; volu- tions 5, ventricose ; epidermis olive, polished, with minute obso- lete revolving lines; body whorl sub-carinated in the middle ; aperture sub-oval. 4%, ?.” Paludina sublineata, Conrad.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1850, Dydd. Locahity—Darling River, Australia. Observations —This species belongs to a very distinct group of Viviparidee of exotic distribution, and which is represented by V. melanostoma, Benson; .V. Ceylonica, Dohrn; V. pre- morsa, Benson; V.amplior, Mousson; V. dissimilis, Miller, ete. It is very distinct from all of the above, and does not re- semble the descriptions of any of the Australian Viviparide. The revolving lines are closely arranged, but so minute as to be invisible without a lens. 80 AMERICAN JOURNAL 2. MELANIA TETRICA, Conrad.—t. 1, f. 9. Description Tarrited ; volutions 9, with oblique angular ribs, crossed by sharp, prominent lines, giving the ribs an acutely tuberculated character; whorls of spire angulated above the middle, and destitute of revolving lines above the angle; ribs on body whorl not continued to the middle of the volution ; the revolving lines about 12 in number, 4 on the penultimate volution; aperture ovate-acute, slightly oblique. A Melania tetrica, Conrad.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1850, p. 11. Locality—Rivers of S. E. Australia. Observations—May be compared with IM. Australis, Reeve, which is not so high in the spire, with large ribs, which are curved. Australis, moreover, comes from a distant locality— the rivers of North Australia. 3. MELANIA BALONNENSIS, Conrad.t. 1. f. 10. Description.— Ovate-elongate, thin, diaphanous; volutions 6, those of the spire angulated, obliquely ribbed; revolving lines distinct, but little prominent; the ribs on body whorl short; aperture elliptical, nearly half the length of the shell; epidermis pale straw-color, with unequal spots of reddish- brown. 3.” M. Balonnensis, Conrad.—l. c., p. 11. Locality—Balonne River, Australia. Observations —Of much lighter texture than I. tetrica, also lighter colored, and ribs not so strongly expressed. 4. AMPHIPEPLEA PERLEVIS, Conrad.—t. 1, f. 5. Description.—Ovate, thin and fragile, pellucid; volutions 6; spire very short, the whorls convex; body whorl slightly flattened on the side, and also near the suture; epidermis straw-colored; columella with a prominent, slender, very oblique fold revolving within to the apex; aperture large, patulous, ovate, recularly rounded at base.” Lymnea perlevis, Conrad.—l. c., p. 11. Locality.—Salamanca and Balonne Rivers, Australia. Observations— Allied to A. Lessonii, but less ventricose, and has flattened sides, while those of the former are convex. The surface is coarsely undulated parallel with the growth-lines. OF CONCHOLOGY. SL 5. PHysa PECTOROSA, Conrad.—t. 1, f. 6. Description Sub-ovate; volutions 4 or 5; spire short, apex eroded; penultimate whorl ventricose; columella with a prominent, compressed, triangular, oblique tooth or fold; epidermis olivaceous, clouded with brown. $$.” Ph. pectorosa, Conrad.—l. ¢., p. 11. Locality Bogan River, Australia. Observations.—This is a much inflated spectes, almost shoul- dered above; columella with a double fold—a character which I have not observed in any other species of the genus. PHysA AUSTRALIANA, Conrad.t. 1, fi 7 Description.—“ Klliptical, thin, diaphanous; volutions 4 or 5, regularly convex; spire short; epidermis amber-colored : columella with a slender prominent fold, which revolves within to the apex; margin of labrum regularly curved or rounded. Gly es x 4) 8° Ph. Australiana, Conrad.—l. ¢., p. 11. Locahty.—Bogan River, Australia. 82 AMERICAN JOURNAL NOTE ON MR. PEASE’S SPECIES OF POLYNESIAN PHANEROPNEMONA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. When we received the MSS. of Mr. Pease’s descriptions, published in our last volume, we were not aware that we would be able to illustrate them. Having since received types O f the species, we now give colored figures, and also the habi- tats, omitted in the original descriptions. 1 bo 6. 7 . REALIA OCHROSTOMA, Pease.—t. 3, f. 1. Habitat—Hervey Isles. . REALIA VARIABILIS, Pease—t. 5, f. 2. Habitat—Hervey Isles. . REALIA SCALARIFORMIS, Pease.—t. 5, f. 3. Habitat—Oulan Isl’d. . REALIA AFFINIS, Pease.—t. 5, fi 4. Habitat—Hervey Isles. , REALIA LAVIS, Pease.—t. 5, f. 5. Habitat.—Oulan Isl’d. PUPOIDEA SCALARIFORMIS, Pease.—t. 5, f. 6. Habitat—Hervey Isles. . PTEROCYCLOS PARVA, Pease.—t. 5, f. 8. Habitat——Hervey Isles. 8. HELIcINA PaciFiIca, Pease.—t. 5, f. 7. Habitat.—Oulan Isl’d. OF CONCHOLOGY. 83 ON THE MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF MOLLUSKS. BY O. A. L. MORCH. [From “ Journal de Conchyliologie, October, 1865. ] TRANSLATED BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. In a Review of my Catalogue of the Lassen Collection, M. Crosse has cited, as an example of the inferior value of the lincual dentition, as a systematic character, the fact, that the Helicine, according to this classification, are placed with a much elongated group—the Cyclostome. These two families have not, really, another character in common, than the posi- tion of the eyes at the exterior base of the tentacles, a char- acter partaken of by nearly all the tentaculated Gasteropods, The Helicine are distinguished by the want of the profound groove in the middle of the foot, and especially by the form of the operculum, which, on the contrary, accords perfectly with that of the Neritinx; nevertheless, they have not the resemblance of the lateral processes. ‘The callosity of the columella, as also the faculty of dissolving the internal walls of the shell, are also characters which indicate resemblances with the Neritine. As well as ail fluvatile, univalve er bi- valve shells have certain common affinities, for example, a thick and coriaceous epidermis, so have the Hel‘cinz charac- ters in common with other terrestrial Mollusks, such as the Cy- clostomee, and especially the Helices. f It is M. Lovén who first founded the modern classification of Gasteropods, based on the lingual dentition. M. Troschel has given names to several groups established on this charac- ter (Tenioglossata, Khipidoglossata, Toxoglossata, etc.); but he has, at the same timé, admitted others, based on the organs of respiration (Pnewmonopoma, Cyclobranchia, ete.) My studies of Mollusks during twenty years, have induced me to accord a more elevated systematic value to the lingual dentition. Certain exceptions can, of course, be cited, as well as the 84 AMERICAN JOURNAL Kdentates and the Cetaceans among Mammals. For exam- ple, 4olis and Voluta have not more than a single row of teeth, whilst those of the groups the nearest approaching the first genus have numerous rows, and those approximating to the second have three rows; only the teeth which remain in the above genera, resemble the corresponding teeth in the allied forms. Many genera are deprived of teeth, although the neighbor- ing generic groups possess them (for example, Thetys fimbriata, Doridopsis (Hancock), Sulifer, Leptoconchus); but it is possible that these genera possess them in a young and larval state. The genera Solarium and Terebra, which have been cited as deprived of teeth, really possess them, a result of more exact researches recently undertaken. Series ]—MONOTOCARDIA. Heart bilocular, with only one auricle, copulation effected between two individuals by means of the intromission of an organ. Class. .--ANDROGYNA (MusroGLossaTa, Morch, olim.) Sexual organs united, always furnished with a receptaculum seminis (petiolate bladder); male organ retractile. Tongue provided with multiserial teeth (except dolis and the Pellibranchs); mouth with mandibles. (But this is not so with the Agnatha.)* ; 1. Pulmonata.—P. terrestria, P. fluviatilia (Lymnexa, Pla- norbis, ete.), P. marina (Siphonaria.) 2. Opisthobranchia.—(Gymnobranchs, Tectibranchs, Pelli- branchs.) 5. Pelagica—(gymnosomous Pteropods.) Class J] --EXOPHALLIA. Sexes separate; male organ not retractile, sometimes con- cealed in the branchial cavity, or with the tentaculum. Mouth supplied by suction. TY. Trenioglossata._—Tongue with seven rows of sharp, curved teeth. A. Rostrifera.—Mouth at the extremity of a non-retractile muzzle. Metamorphosis in the interior of the egg. a. Terrestria. Cyclostomacea. * | b. Fluviatilia. Paludina, Ampuliarii. * A group established by M. Moreh in 1859, including Testacella, Daude- hardia, Streptaats, ete. OF CONCHOLOGY. 85 Metamorphosis out of the egg (larva swimming.) c. Marina. Certthiwm, Turritella. Metamorphosis within a sac. d. Parasitica. Vermetus, Calyptreea, Hipponyx. e. Pelagica. Heteropod. B. Proboscidifera.—Mouth at the extremity of a retractile proboscis. Larva swimming. Natica, Cassis, Dolium, Triton, Ranelli._— Proboscis not retractile, Cyprea, Strombus. Ll. Rachiglesseta.—Lingual teeth disposed in three longitn- dinal rows, simply sharp, not curved, (except Voluta, which has but one row.) Mouth at the extremity of a retractile proboscis. Hggs enclosed in corneous cap- sules. (Meélicertiqenes.)— Marginella, Voluta, Harpa, Oliva, Nassa, Buccinum, Faseielaria, Fusus, Murex, Turbinella, Purpura, Columbella, Mitra. Ill. Toxoglossatae.—Lingual teeth subulate, with an external or internal veneniferous canal. Cancellaria, Terebra, Clionella, Pleurotoma, Conus. Series 11—DIOCORDIA. Heart trilocular, with two auricles surrounding the rectum. Class I11.—-PsEUDOPHALLIA (ASPIDOBRANCHIA, Olim.) Sexes separate, but without external male organ. The question of copulation in this class, or the mere dispersion of semen, as with the Acephala, is undetermined. The heart is provided with two auricles, even with the genera which have not more than a single branchia. (See “ Voyage of the Astro- labe,” Anatomy of Turbo marmoratus.) Development known only in Chiteon and Dentalium. I. Rhipidoglossata—Lingual teeth numerous, disposed in two orders, the marginal ones aciculate and turned into hooks. a. Terrestria. Helicina. 6. Bluviatilia. Neritina. c. Marina. WNerita. Trochoidea, (Haliotis.) Fissurellidea. 86 AMERICAN JOURNAL Il. Heteroglossata.—Dentition more distinct by the failure of the subulate marginal teeth. Cyclobranchia. Patella, Chiton. Cirribranchia. Dentaliwm. Class [V.—ACEPHALA. Sexes separate (except with Ostrea and Pecten, which are hermaphrodite.) Without copulation; fecundation by the dis- persion of semen. The larvze are provided with two wings, ommatophorous, and tentaculated, as the Gasteropods. The metamorphosis is, therefore, retrograde ( Loven.) 1. Dimyaria. 2. Heteromyaria, (Mytilacea.) 3. Monomyaria. The Cephalopods do not differ more from the Gasteropods, than the gymnosomous Pteropods. Their long arms corre- spond to the prehensile collar of the Pheumoderms; their short arms, furnished with cups, are likewise recognized in the Gymnosoms. Their funnel corresponds with the foot of the Gasteropods, but their heart and their copulative organ are not sufficiently known to permit us definitely to indicate their place. The thécosomous Pteropods (Hyalea, etc.) differ from the eymnosomous Pteropods by their teeth, which are disposed in three rows, and by their fins, which correspond to the cephalic velum of the Olives, and not with the epipodium of the Gymnosoms. According to the anatomy given by Souleyet, in the “Voyage of the Bonite,” these animals are undoubtedly androgynous. If have, in the “Malakoz. Blatter,” 1859, given more extended notices of these subjects. The ancient groups based on the form of the foot, correspond with those of Klein for the Vertebrates: Apoda, Bipeda and Quadripeda (including the Reptiles.)* * M. Crosse proposes, in a future No. of the ‘‘ Journal de Conchylio- logie,’’ to attack the system of classification indicated above. We will fur- nish our readers with a translation of this paper also, as soon as we receive it. We have already stated our opinion, that the dentition is of much less value in classification than is generally accorded to it. OF CONCHOLOGY. 8T REPLY TO MR. CONRAD’S CRITICISM ON MR. GABB’S “REPORT ON THE PALMONTOLOGY OF CALIFORNIA.” BY WILLIAM M. GABB. The criticisms of Mr. Conrad, in the “Journal of Conchol- ogy” for October, on my paper on Cretaceous Fossils in the “Geological Report of California,” and the diametrically oppo- site opinions held by that gentleman and myself, obhige me reluctantly to vindicate my position. A reply is rendered the more necessary, from the fact, that the criticism comes from one who is universally acknowledged to be the highest authority on the Tertiary Formations in the country, and who claims that I have described Tertiary fossils as belonging to an older formation. It would be well to bear in mind the wide difference in the facilities for studying the question in discussion, possessed by Mr. Conrad and myself. A very extensive personal study of. the rocks in place, extending over a space of upwards of three years, assisted by suites of many: thousands of speci- mens, is hardly to be compared with the examination of a single boulder, even when aided by the carefully digested re- sults of my work. I am free to admit, that, when I first saw the newer member of the California Cretaceous, I pronounced it Eocene Tertiary, without hesitation. Nay, more: after I had recognized un- doubted Cretaceous forms in the rock, I still maintained, for more than a year, that there was a mixture of Tertiary forms in it, and it was only after a minute comparison of the doubt- ful species with authentic specimens of Eastern Kocene fossils, that I yielded reluctantly to the conviction, that the rock was unequivocally Cretaceous. An instance of these close rela- tions is found in the resemblance of Architectonica cognata with one of its Hastern congeners. But, not to consume more of your valuable space, I shall 8S AMERICAN JOURNAL reply to the separate items at once. Mr. Conrad says I have “Included the rock of Cafiada de las Uvas, which contains Venericardia planicosta and Aturia zic-zac in the Cretaceous series, but he has failed to show one Cretaceous fossil from that rock, and adds:—“T do not perceive, from Mr. Gabb’s Report, that there is any mixture of Cretaceous and Hocene species in California.” The first proposition I deny; the second I admit, and shall endeavour to prove that it is correct, though from a reason exactly the opposite of the one that Mr. Conrad gives. The following list will show the species found in common in the two divisions of the California Cretaceous :— Callianassa Stimpsonii, Gabb, Chico Creek, Div. A. Clayton and Tejon, Div. B. Nautilus Texanus ? Shum., Shasta Co., A. Clayton, B. Aturia Mathewsonii, Gabb, Martinez, A. Clayton and Tejon, B. Ammonites, N. S., Martinez, A. Clayton, B. Fusus Mathewsonii, Gabb, Martinez and Mt. Diablo, A. Clayton, B. Amauropsis alveata, Con., sp., Mt. Diablo, A. San Diego, Martinez,Clayton, B. Dentalinm Cooperii, Gabb, Mt. Diablo and Siskiyon, A. San Diego and Martinez, B. D. stramineum, Gabb, Mt. Diablo, A. San Diego and Martinez, B. Cylichna costata, Gabb, Almost every locality of both Divisions. Mactra Ashburnerti, Gabb, % 0 “ be Avicula pellucida, Gabb, San Luis Gonzaga, A. Martinez, B. Cucullea Mathewsonii, Gabb, Martinez, A. Clayton, B. Nucula (Acila) truncata, Gabb, Pence’s Rancho, Tuscan Sp’gs. San Luis Gonzaga, A. Martinez, B. Leda proteata (2), Gabb, Martinez, A. Nearly everywhere in B. The above list contains fourteen species, the identity of sev- eral of which, in the two members of the formation, has been called in question. But, granting that Mr. Conrad is correct in every in- stance, there are enough still left to establish the fact, that the two groups of rocks are members of one formation, and not, as he supposes, one Cretaceous, the other Tertiary. OF CONCIIOLOGY. 89 In the upper member are found the following Cephalapo- dx s—— Nautilus, apparently Texanus, Shum. The same species, whether Zexanus or not, is not rare in the older group, in the Northern part of the State, associated with over a dozen spe- cies of Ammonites. Aturia Mathewsonii, G., claimed by Mr. Conrad as A. zic-27¢ or A. angustata, has been found at Tejon? * and Clayton in Di- vision B; but the specimen from which my drawing was taken, and by means of which Mr. Conrad recognizes a Ter- tiary fossil, was found by Mr. Mathewson and myself in the older member, associated with Vurritella Safford:i, Venus va- rians, Pugnellus hamulus, and other equally characteristic species of that group! Ammonites, n.s., referred incorrectly to A. Newberryanus (Report, pl. 10, fig. °b), also found abundantly at Martinez in Division A. Several specimens were collected by myself, as- sociated, in the same rock, and within a few feet of a specimen of Cardita Hornit, G., (C. planicosta, var. regia of Conrad. ? Ammonites Cooperti,G. One of the Ammonitide, whether an Ammonite or not, is from the presumed Hocene of Mr. Con- rad, from San Diego, and the family is sufficient to establish the age of that deposit, had we no other proof. Fusus Californicus, Con. sp. Mr. Conrad is mistaken in supposing that my specimens do not come from his typical lo- eality. His figure (Pacific R. R. Rep., Vol. V., pl. 2, fig. 11,) is apparently taken from an internal cast, corresponding ex- actly with many found at Clayton and Tejon. I have speci- mens from both localities. ‘here is no other shell, yet found by myself or any of my friends, that will correspond with his figure ; and, so far as his description goes, it agrees perfectly with my species. I quote it at lensth: —* Pusiform ; spire conical, volutions rounded, somewhat flattened above; (it must be remembered that this is in the cast) body whorl ventricose, beak short and narrow.” Volutilithes Navarroensis, Shum. As I understand the genus Rostellites, Con., one important character is the existence of a large number of small folds on the columellar lip. Our spe- gies has but three. It cannot -be the same as R. Texanus, Con.., which, as figured by Mr. Conrad, has at least eight folds; and the character of the spire is sufficiently different to separate it. * T might here remark, that I use the local name “ Tejon”’ to designate a stretch of country about four or five miles long, including the nerth end of the Canada or *“‘ Cajon’? de las Uvas anid Alizos Creek, containing a continuous deposit of the rocks in question. It was from this place that Mr. Conrad obtained the boulder, containing the originals of his paper in the ‘‘ Pacific Railroad Report.”’ 90 AMERICAN JOURNAL Fusus Rémondii, FP. Hornit and F. Cooperti are all members of the subgenus Hemifusus, none of them resembling Perisso- lax, the first least so of all. Mr. Conrad does not appear to understand the generic character of Perissolax. I founded the genus in 1861, to receive a division of the genus Fusus having a form almost like Tudicla or Hausiellum; that is to say, with a very low spire; short, thick-set body whorl, and «long, narrow canal. I mentioned, as types of the genus, F. longirostris, D’Orb., and F. trivolous, Gabb, and remarked, that the genus seemed to be peculiar to the Cretaceous. Mr. Conrad appears to misunderstand the peculiar characters of the genus, and to apply the name to a totally different group of shelis; ignoring my two types, both of which are Cretaceous species, and saying: “This genus is peculiar to the Kocene formation.” Perissolax brevirostris, G. Subsequent study has confirmed me in the opinion that this shell was correctly placed under the genus Perissolax, although its unusually short canal caused me to hesitate at first. It is probably an extreme form. Naticina obliqua and Turritella Uvasana. Said by Mr. Con- rad to be Eocene species. Both of these shells have been found by Mr. Rémond and myself in strata containing Am- monites and Baculites, and abounding in other Cretaceous forms. Amauropsis alveata, Gabb. Cal. Report. Natica alveata, Con. Pacific R. R. Report. Mr. Conrad says: “Is a species of Globularia, and occurs, I think, in the Older Eocene Limestone of South Carolina, or a species very near to it.” In his original description of the species, he re- marks: “There is no analogous species in the Hocene of the Atlantic slope.” He says | have figured two species, because J illustrate two diverse forms. Being limited in space. I only figured the extreme varieties. The angle of the upper por- tion of the whorl varies from one form to the other, and the striation of the surface is equally inconstant. Hardly two specimens are exactly alike. The majority of the specimens show revolving lines on at least a part of the surface; those from San Diego being the only ones on which I was unable to detect lines on some portion, and only a single specimen, one from Curry’s, south of Mt. Diablo, showed the whole sur- face strongly striate. This variation is not dependent on the geological horizon, as Mr. Conrad represents me as saying. I made no such remark as he quotes. OF CONCHOLOGY. | Chemnitzia Spillmanni. Mr. Conrad is, possibly, correct in separating this shell from his species. I was obliged to trust almost entirely to my memory, the description being too short and unsatisfactory to assist me. In the description there is no reference to the under side of the whorls; and the differ- ence in the apical angle, between specimens so widel y different in age, and, consequently, in size, would not, of itself, be of specific value, unless united with other characters. Cardita Hornii. I have already, in my Report, explained the apparently unaccountable mistake into which Mr. Conrad has fallen, with reference to this species. I do not see that there is any thing to add. Dosinia elevata is not a Dosiniopsis, but a true Dosinia; so that, despite its external resemblance to D. Meekii, it is still clistinct. Meretrix Uvasana, Con., (Dosinia, per Err. Jour. Conch.), and Ficus mamillatus, Gabb. Unfortunately, my copy of Conrad’s Tert. Foss. is at present imaccessible. I can, conse- quently, express no opinion on these two species; though, if the first is the same as Dione ovata, Rogers, the error is Mr. Conrad’s, not mine. Meekia sella, G. If Mr. Conrad had taken the pains to have read the generic description, he would have seen at once that this shell, so far from being a Cyprina, could not even belong to that family. From a long acquaintance with Mr. Conrad, I am convinced that he would not wilfully misrepresent facts, and, consequently, am the more surprised at the extreme care- lessness exhibited by his note on this species. Further, he calls it Kocene. Granting that my Division B should prove Kocene, the species would not assist the proof, since, of the three known species of the genus, every specimen yet found has come from the rock which Mr. Contad says 1s “doubtless Cretaceous.” MM. navis, G., “is a species of Yoldia.” It has the external form of Yoldia, but, nevertheless, has the hinge, and, in a faint degree, the posterior thickening of Meekia. Mactra Ashburnerii, G., is a variable species. Mr. Conrad says I have confounded two species, and adds: “One he de- scribes as having ‘regular, nearly uniform, rounded, concen- tric ribs,’ and another as having only fine lines of erowth. i In my description (p. 158, Cal. Rep. ) I say: “Surface varia- ble; specimens from some localities showing a large number of regular, nearly uniform, rounded, concentric ribs; while those found at other places have these ribs Sew, entirely absent, 92 AMERICAN JOURNAL or only represented by fine lines of growth.” Y might add, that these variations occur entirely without reference to the two geological horizons. Nucula truncata. Mr.Conrad, starting with the theory that I have united two formations, when he finds a species quoted as occurring in both deposits, coolly disposes of it by saying : “Two species are evidently confounded under this name.’ How, “evidently,” I cannot understand. Certainly, I, with a hundred specimens before me, should have better means of knowing, than my critic, who has never seen so much as a sinvle specimen, and only one drawing. Leda protexia. ‘The remarks made on the preceding species will apply with equal propriety to this. There is but one species in California included under this name, though I was not quite sure of the correctness of my reference. “The remarkable and very characteristic fossil, Radiolites gregaria (Tamiosoma gregaria, Con., Olim.), abundant in Cali- fornia, has been omitted by Mr. Gabb in his report,” because neither Mr. Gabb nor any other member of the Geological Survey ever found even a fragment of the species among the tons of fossils collected by those gentlemen. It 1s even doubt- ful whether the species may not be extra- limited, and whether Mr. Conrad may not have been misinformed regarding its locality. In conclusion, permit me to repeat, that I regret exceed- ingly having been forced into this discussion, though I trust that I have answered the objections of my critic in such a manner as to convince him that he was mistaken in his views in regard to the geological age of my Division B of the Cali- fornia Cretaceous Rocks. San Francisco, Cal., Noy. 14, 1865, OF CONCIIOLOGY, 93 Glitors Gable. REVIEWS. I.—AMERICAN. Procéedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia. July—August, 1865. Descriptions of New Species of Fossils, from the Marshall Group of Michigan, and its supposed equivalent in other States ; with Notes on some Fossils of the same age pre- viously described. BY PROF. ALEXANDER WINCHELL, The following are the new species described :— Discina Gallaherv. Rhynchonella unica. TOLER gracilis. “ "¢ Retzia?) micreple ura. duplicostata. Centronella Allet. Morbiliana. Ostrea patercula. + curtirosira, Pterinea spinalata. $ dolorosa. Per nopecten, nov. gen. O. this flava. limatus. Sptrigera Missouriensis. Pinna? Marshallensis. ‘ biloba. Ayalina Lowensis. — x Ohiensis. Sanguinolites strigatus. Spirivera centronala. * Sillana. Spiriferina Clarksvillensis. binacuta, dihynchonella tetraplyr. : heleropsts. pe rsinuatda. af Sanguinolaria rostrata. Conularia Newberryt. Bellerophon Whittlesey. Metoptoma undata Pleurotomaria quinquesuleaia, Cyrloceras Roekfordense. 94 AMERICAN JOURNAL IJ.—FOREIGN. FRENCH. Journal de Conchyliologie. V., No.4. Paris. H. Crosse, 25 Rue Tronchet. October, 1865. Note sur V Helia constricta, et sur sa distribution géographique en France et en Espagne. BY UW. CROSSE. Quelques mots sur un arrangement des Mollusques pulmonés terrestres (Géophiles, Fér.) basé sur le systeme naturel. (Continued.) By 0. A. L. MORCH. In the present paper, we have a long list of species, which g have been anatomically studied, arranged in accordance with the author’s views of their natural classification. Sur la Classification moderne des Mollusques. BY 0. A. L. MORCH. This paper we have translated, and publish in this Number. Note sur cette question: La Tellina balthica, Linné, appar- tient-elle au genre Telline? BY ©. RECLUZ. Descriptions de deux espéces nouvelles de Pupinacea, avec des observations sur cette tribu. BY 0. SEMPER. Registoma ambiquum, Ins. Luzon. Pupina difficilis, Ins. Palaos. Description @une Turbinelle nouvelle et observations sur le genre Lalirus. BY H. CROSSE. Turbinella Hidalgot, Crosse. Description de trois espéces nouvelles du genré Partula. BY 0. SEMPER. P. Leucothoe, Ins. Palaos. P. Calypso, Ms P.. LRews, es Description @ espéeces nouvelles d’ Australie, provenant de la collection de M. Geo. French Angas. BY H. CROSSE and P. FISCHER. Pleurotoma ( Mangetlia) Vincentina. Mactra pinguis. fe (Clathurella) Lailemantiana. Periploma Angast. “ = Letourneuxiana. Mesodesma cbtusa. Mactra amygdala. Description @une espece nouvelle. BY J. GONZALES HIDALGO. Castalia Crosseana. Addition @ la note de M. le Profusseur A. Mousson sur la Faune Malacologique terrestre et fluviatile des Archipels Viti et Sama. BY H. CROSSE. OF CONCHOLOGY. 95 Description de deux espéces Fossiles appartenant aux genres Scagliola et Microstelma. BY 0. SEMPER. Scagliola Mohrensterni, Inferior Oligocene, Latdorf. Microstelma Bellardit, Subappinine, Asti. Notice sur une espece du genre Limopsis. BY 0. SEMPER. Limopsis Brocchii, Subappenine, Mt. Biancano, near Bologne. Bibliographie. Annales des Sciences Naturelles: Zoologie. IV. Paris, August, 1865. . Recherches sur la Famille des Tridacnides. BY DR. LEON VAILLANT. An extended anatomical memoir, prefaced by a history of the family. The paper is not yet completed, and we may, at a future period, refer to it more fully. 96 AMERICAN JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. ExpLorations.—Dr. H. Berendt, a well-known collector, has just departed for Honduras and Guatemala, intending to explore those interesting regions, principally for terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusks. The principal localities to be exam- ined are: the Belize River from its mouth to its source, and the plateau and lakes in the Province of Peten, Guatemala. The cost of the expedition is defrayed principally by a few of our Conchologists. Our READERS will be concerned to learn that Mr. John G. Anthony, attached, as Malacologist, to the Scientific Explora- tion of Brazil by Prof. Agassiz, has been compelled to return to Cambridge, in consequence of severe illness, which attacked him shortly after the arrival of the party in Rio Janeiro. ConcHOLOGICAL MUSEUMS IN THE UNITED STATES.—We omitted to include in our List of the principal American Col- lections, published in our last Number, that of William A. Haines, New York; 12,000 species. We have also to add the splendid collection of terrestrial and {luviatile Mollusca possessed by John H. Thomson, New Bedford, Mass.; over 6000 species. Mr. Thomson informs us, that there are nearly fifty private collections, numbering 1000 species and upwards each, in the city of New Bedford. HELIX SCULPTILIS, Pease, is pre-occupied by Mr. Bland for an American species. , American Journal of Concholoyy- S66. Plate Fig 123. Helax Tdahoennis Newcomb, Etg7 Physa Australians. cine. 2? 4 Planorbis bicartnatus. Say. » 8 Paludina sublincata » nF Lymnaca perlevis.Conr: » 9 Melania tetrica 2 ” 6 Physa pectorosa. > 2 1 » Balonnensis » DRAWN BY E. J. NOLAN. BOWEN & CO. LITH PHILA, American Journal of Conchology- 1866. Plate 2. Fig). Angitrema Wheatleyr Tryon. Fig 8. Hemisinus Bameyii Trvon » 2.Pleurocera bicinctum, ” » DIsidora Hainesié ” » 3. Euryeaelon Leati, » » WEhysa acutispira. ” » 4. Goniobasis undulata. 2” » 113 Planorbis Esperanxensis, »: ” 5. Physa, coniformis. ” » HiGPlanorlnda Berenitii, ” 2G oleacea, 2» » Wlhyymaca Wilsonii. » 29 7. Vivipara suprafusciata. » T8Rissoa exilis. » DRAWN By E.J. NOLAN. BOWEN & CO. LITH. PHILA, ée f2- La ee —_ — - eg Ss eee Mer oe a \ American Jurnad of lonchology— 186. SINCLAIR'S LITH, T. A. CONRAD, DEL. 6. American Journal of lonchology— 186 SINCLAIR'S LIT, T. A. COWFAD, DEL. American Journal, of Concholoyy- 1866. Plate 5. /\ aX) 2 Fig |. Realia ochrostoma Pease, Fig 5. Reatia laevis Frase, 2 Ze» varuabilis, cy) » 6. Fupoidea scalariformis, ”? » 3, » — scalaritormits, ~ 2 7. Helicina Facitica, » » 4 — affivas, ” » 8& Pterocyclos parva, » i SF renee dercllme a dp in) oF 2 gag ee i z : th aa; si¥4] Pore Gh Ta ra » wheRE) ‘sy: Pia aaa Rida T, es wri per sh Pt ; Se At te Be paar : x j ae ‘* ‘iy ¢ ha Wa Fer we 7 ees cole OP de Fs Nae “sO int tea ct ln GRY Dada fee Piet th a, ets PROSPECTUS OF SECOND VOLUME OF THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Upon the commencement of our enterprise of establishing a periodical, exclusively devoted to the advancement of the interests of Malacological Science in the United States we did not disguise from ourselves the many difficulties which would probably retard or interfere with a successful result. Although we now find that our apprehensions were by no means ill-founded, and we are free to confess that a fore-knowledge of the various discouragements which have beset us, including a heavy pecuniary loss in its pub- lication, would have prevented the inauguration of the Journal; we have found, on the other hand, much encouragement in the ready sympathy and advice of a number of gentlemen, who have willingly sacrificed much of their valuable time in promoting its interests. Considering that the restoration of Peace will enable us to ex- tend its sphere of usefulness, we enter upon a Second Volume, trusting that what we have been able to accomplish in the /irst, amid all the difficulties surrounding a new undertaking, will pro- cure for us many new subscribers, besides the continuance of the very select few who are already thus enrolled. We propose to publish the new volume in the same style as the one now completed, furnishing colored figures of every species described in its pages. The number of plates will be hmited only by the number of species to be illustrated. Ninety-six pages as heretofore, will constitute a Quarterly Part; but when sufficient material is offered, the size will be increased. ~ The series of Portraits of distinguished Conchologists having proved a popular feature, will be continued for the coming year. We also propose to continue the extended Reviews of Concho- logical publications and lists of new species described, enabling our readers to ascertain, immediately, whether any new work contains species of genera or families in which they are interested. A new feature will be the re-publication from the foreign peri- odicals, of the descriptions of all new American species, The subscription price will remain as before, $10 per annum; a recuction in price would scarcely secure to us an equivalent in- crease of subscribers, whilst it would, perhaps, restrict our efforts to improve the Journal in size and in illustration. GEORGE W. TRYON, JR., : 625 MARKET STREET, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (United States.) , : pe eee ee: 2 COUNT BIN E'S PAGE. ile Description ofa New American Species of Helix. By Wes- leva Niewicombs Mea ccosteciteseciindons ce coss-ins esssectocaeel ec otaemmereeeee 2. On an Abnormal Speen en of Pipwanais bicarinatus. fees George W. Tryon, Jr. : 3 5. Descriptions of New mhcet Wynter ‘Shells ‘of Pi United Piates- BysGeorre: We WryOuly Iiecs.sc.ce oo.nce .t.ne> sense reer 4 4. Descriptions of New Exotic Fresh-Water Mollusca. ‘By Ceanre awe aD rye eae titssasep sets ce | doze insets al owaneeonemeceee cass 8 5. eee of a New eee of eireiacia By George W. Try- OMIM el Uoaivce oweet Donax euglyptus, Dkr. Moluccas. “ splendens, Dkr. Dosinia tenuilirata, Dkr. Ceylon. U: subdichotoma, Dkr. “ Ceylonica, Dkr. < ‘Sregularis, Dir; ? 178 AMERICAN JOURNAL Novitates Conchologice. Supplement III. Monographie der Molluskengattung Venus. BY DR. EDW. ROMER. 2d Part Contains descriptions of species of Tivela, of which the fol- lowing is new :— Tivela levidensis, Romer. 3d Part Commences the description of the species of Cytherea, section Meretrix. ? Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte. Berlin, 1864. Bericht tiber die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Mol- lusken wiihrend des Gahres, 1868. BY DR. F. H. TROS- CHEL. The list of authors and synopsis of conchological papers is very full in this volume, embracing over 50 pages. The con- tents are divided by—Ist. General and Periodical Works. 2d. Faunas, 3d. Classified Enumeration of Genera and Species. DANISH. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Stockholm, 1865. On a Land Shell new to Skandinavia. BY J. E. ZETTER- STEDT. This shell is the Bulimus montanus, Drap. The author states that it is the same as Pupa placida, Say, a species which has never been identified by American conchologists. We think it not unlikely that his surmise is a correct one. OF CONCHOLOGY. 179 SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. ON THE ANATOMY OF TRIDACNA ELonGata. By M. Leon Vaillant. “Tridacna elongata, Lam., occurs very abundantly in the Bay of Suez, where it is often employed as food. The author has accordingly been able to examine a great number of indi. viduals of this animal. “The retractor muscle of the foot, which is of considerable size 1n proportion to the protractor, serves, in part, for the closure of the valves; hence it may be that in those Monomy- ary Acephala which have an adductor muscle distinctly di- vided into two parts, the upper portion is to be regarded as representing the retractor of the foot diverted from its normal functions. The byssus of the Zridacna, already described by Miller, consists of two parts—one adhering to the bottom of a cavity of the foot, the other uniting this with external bodies. Hach of these is secreted by a distinct organ—the former by the bottom of its cavity, the latter by a collection of racemose glands lining a circular groove in the wall of the cavity. The large notches of the margins of the shells enabled the author to ascertain the force which the mollusk is capable of exerting. He fixed an individual by one of its valves, and suspended a weight to the other. In this way he found that a specimen 21 centimétres in length, of which the valves weighed 1.264 kil, could support a weight of 4.914 kilo- grammes; so that it may be supposed that an individual weighing 250 kilogrammes, and these are not uncommon, might, at a given moment, put out a force of more than 900 kilogrammes. “In the nervous system, the branchial ganglia, forming a single mass with no trace of longitudinal division, exhibit transverse furrows bounding two false circumvolutions, A sort of inelastic tendon accompanies the connective extended from the branchial ganglion to one of the buccal ganglia 180 AMERICAN JOURNAL during its passage through the gastro-genital mass. The object of this arrangement appears to be the prevention of the dragging of the nerve when the organ is distended with eggs. “ Another remarkable arrangement is to be seen in the pas- sage of the last portion of the intestine through the heart. At the entrance of the intestine into the ventricle, there are mus- cular bundles starting from the wall of the latter and inserted perpendicularly into the wall of the digestive tube. At the moment of contraction, these bundles must, by their shorten- ing, tend to draw apart the walls of the intestine, which would otherwise be compressed during the systole, and thus the course of the fecal matters will not be interrupted. In these large mollusks, the difference between the arteries and veins is very easily seen; the former have a very distinct double epithelial and fibrous wall, whilst the latter are simple sinuses hollowed out in the tissues. All the blood is compelled to traverse an organ of hzematosis (branchiz or mantle) before returning to the heart. “The proper temperature of the animal, compared with that of the bottom at which it lives, appeared to be rather high. The temperature registered by thermometers sunk at the point inhabited by the animals was about 63.°5 F. Qly.-5C.).” he average temperature of the 7ridacne was 68.°5 F. (20° C.).” —Annals and Magazine of Natural History, XVI., No. 95. November, 1865. (From Comptes Rendus, October 9, 1868.) ON THE CoRRECT APPLICATION OF CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THE DESCRIPTION OF SHELLS. By Augustus A. Gould, M. D. “Taking a common clam for an example, and placing it with the beak uppermost, he showed the position of the en- closed organs, and that the extremity which was in front du- ring locomotion should be called the anterior, and the opposite the posterior extremity ; that the distance from the beak to the opposite margin should be called the altitude, the distance from the anterior to the posterior extremity the longitudinal diameter, and the distance through from one valve to the opposite the transverse diameter ; that the concentric markings of growth should be called longitudinal, in distinction from those which radiate from the beak, to which the name of ver- tical should be applied. The terms equilateral, posterior side, and anterior side, as used, he showed to be peculiarly impro- per, and suggested instead the terms eguipartite, posterior part, segment oY section, ete. Passing then to the common spiral shells through the medium of Limax, Patella, Dentalium, and OF CONCHOLOGY. 181 Vermetus, he showed that the radiating or spiral strie, in like manner, should be denominated vertical, and those which crossed the single whorls or the concentric lines of growth longitudinal strie; that, in reality, the longitudinal diameter of a shell was the width of the largest whorl at its aperture, and its altitude the length of the unrolled spiral; and thus the terms used in the description of all shells become identical for analogous parts. or convenience, however, we may speak of the altitude of the spre as distinct from that of the shell, and so of its length; the anterior extremity and other relative terms were to be determined in this, as in the other instances, by the relation of the shell to the animal when in motion; and the parts enclosed by the spiral shell should be regarded as simply a hernia of the viscera through the back of the animal. “There were other terms also, which he showed to be un- suitable, having been derived from a false idea of use, or from a fanciful analogy. Thus, the mouth, and throat, and teeth, and lips of a shell are spoken of, which terms might be allow- able, were it not that there is an animal in all cases which should properly be considered in the full description, and which has all these parts performing their legitimate offices. He pursued the subject in this direction with various examples and suggestions.’—Proceedings Boston Society of Natural History, 1865. We are very glad that Dr. Gould has called attention to the careless misappropriation of descriptive terms by modern Con- chologists, and trust that every author will hereafter carefully select the best, and, at the same time, most descriptive names for the different external features of shells. There are many cases of error that will readily occur to our readers besides those particularized above. One of the most lamentable is the indiscriminate use of terms of different signification in describing the form of shells. Thus, the same shell may be described as fusiform, pupzform, conical, sub-cylindrical, ele- vated, etc., apparently without any idea of the real meaning of those terms. Curious DIsToRTION IN THE SHELL OF PHYSA HETERO- stRopHA.—Through the kindness of Mr. Chas. M. Wheatley, we have had the opportunity to examine a few specimens, half-grown, of the above species. They were collected by Rev. E. C. Bolles at Cape Ehzabeth, Maine. He writes re- specting them: “It occurs in great numbers in a little arm of a pond that is the habitat of large and fine specimens of the same shell; perhaps half the little Physas are distorted as you see; the others are well formed.” 182 AMERICAN JOURNAL The distortion alluded to consists of sudden enlargement of the whorl near the aperture, something like Planorbis cam- panulatus, in consequence of which the animal has been unable to continue the usual sutural line, the upper margin of the whorl diverging from the prior one, and making a canali- culate suture. REMARKS ON THE HABITS OF SPIRIALIS FLEMINGII.* By Alex. Agassiz. “They come to the surface of the water about an hour after dusk; they do not remain long, and after ten o’clock at night were rarely met with. He succeeded only once in finding a few isolated specimens during the heat of the day; while at full tide, soon after dark, they were very often found in abun- dance. These animals are very easily kept in captivity, and their habits, which can then be carefully watched, may explain, in a very satisfactory manner, their sudden appearance and disappearance. As was already previously known, these ani- mals can creep about by means of their wing-like appendages. When kept in captivity, it was noticed that they but rarely left the bottom during the day, merely rising a few inches and then falling down again to the bottom of the jar. After dark, however, they could all be seen in great activity, moving near the surface of the water as fast as their appendages enabled them. During the day they often remain suspended for hours in the water simply by spreading their wing-like appendages, and then suddenly drop to the bottom on folding them. This habit of remaining at or near the bottom, which they have in common with so many of our marine animals, explains un- doubtedly their appearance and disappearance, as they proba- bly only come to the surface in search of food at certain hours. W hen the animal is in motion, beating the water like a butter- fly to propel itself forwards or upwards, the shell is carried at right angles, hanging somewhat obliquely to the direction of the movement. ‘T'o counterbalance this weight, an exceeding- - ly long and powerful siphon extends on the opposite side of the animal, which is used as a kind of balance-wheel, the shell, while the animal is in motion, assuming a totally differ- ent position when it is not thus counterbalanced. Mr. Agas- siz exhibited at the same time drawings of the animal in dif- ferent attitudes.’”—Proceedings Boston Soc. Nat. History, p. 15, Sept., 1866. * This species occurred in great abundance at Nahant during the sum- mer of 1863. It is the first time that a living Pteropod of this family has been observed on this coast. OF CONCHOLOGY. 183 DE JEUDE’S COLLECTION OF MOLLUSCA. The fine collection of Mollusca formed by the late Prof. Lithe de Jeude, for many years Professor of Zoology in the University of Utrecht, has been purchased by Mr. Damon, of Weymouth. The collection, rich in the rare shells of the Moluccas, was displayed in 140 glass cabinets, and formed one of the chief scientific attractions of the city of Utrecht—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., London, Sept., 1865. OTHER COLLECTIONS OF SHELLS FOR SALE. Dr. BK. R. Showalter, Uniontown, Ala., offers at a moderate price several hundred new species of Unio, Goniobasis, etc., recently described by Messrs. Lea and Anthony. The speci- mens are in very fine condition. (See advertisement.) Dr. James C. Parkinson, corner of High and Fourth Streets, Burlington, New Jersey, offers for sale his beautiful collection, principally of showy and valuable marine shells. It contains about 2000 species, many of them very rare. There are in- cluded 2 fine Cyprea aurora, 4 C. testudinaria, 145 species of Conus, 11 species of Argonauta, ete. Godefroy and Sohn, of Hamburg, offer for sale the duplicate shells collected by the Natural History Expedition sent by this enterprising firm to the Samoan and Vitian Islands. There are several hundred species contained in their catalogue, priced very moderately, including the new species of land and fresh- water shells recently described by Mousson in the ‘Journal de Conchyliologie.” Many of the species are preserved in ~ spirits. Address C. D. E. Schmeltz, Jr., Curator, care of Joh. Cesar Godefroy & Sohn, Hamburg. Many of the duplicates of Cuming’s collection have been acquired by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, who offers them for sale. This gentleman has also purchased the stock of the late Lov- ell Reeve. The late Charles A. Poulson’s collection will shortly be offered for sale. Helix Liberiz, Brown, described in this Journal, i., p. 136, is a synonym of H. Africana, Pfr. 184 AMERICAN JOURNAL Among the large American cabinets of shells must be in- cluded that of Rev. E. R. Beadle, now located at Philadelphia, containing over 10,000 species, including an unusual propor- tion of rare exotic species, collected by himself or missionary friends. [From Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, No. 5, Noy. and Dec., 1865. | “REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CONCHOLOGY, For 1865. ‘To the Curators of the Academy of Natural Sciences :— “Gentlemen: During the present year the Conchological collection has been increased by the addition of about 1400 species (4000 specimens), of which more than one-half are new to us. ‘Among these donations, two deserve especial notice, ViZ..:— “1st. A collection of 400 species from Mazatlan and Cape St. Lucas. These are named by Mr. Philip P. Carpenter, and the collection is extremely valuable to us from the fact that this gentleman has devoted many years to the special study of the Mollusca of our Pacific Coast. “A small portion of this collection was purchased by the Academy, but most of the species were generously presented by Mr. Carpenter, who, in many cases, has contributed the only duplicates of rare species from his own cabinet. “9d. We have received from the Smithsonian Institution over 800 species of shells collected by Wilkes’ Exploring Expedition. These shells have all been labelled by the late Mr. Hugh Cuming, after comparison with the types in his own collection. Among them are a number of types of new species described by Dr. A. A. Gould, in his ‘Report on the Mollusca of the Expedition.’ “With great satisfaction the Committee announce to you that, with a few trifling exceptions, they have, during the present year, completed the labelling and arrangement of the entire Conchological Collection. The task has been an ardu- ous one; over 7000 labels have been written, and correspond- ing entries made in the Catalogue during the year. ‘In almost every instance it has been necessary to determine the species by reference to the Library of the Academy. The splendid donations of shells made by the late Dr. 'T. B. Wilson were accompanied by loose numbers referring to catalogues drawn up by eminent London Conchologists. In the confusion attending the removal of our collection when the last addition OF CONCHOLOGY. 185 was made to our building, nearly all of these numbers were so displaced as to be useless. This confusion (certainly unavoid- able, as the Academy has never possessed adequate means to ensure the proper care of its collections) is deeply to be re- gretted, as the Committee have been compelled to substitute their own instead of the original more authentic labels. The Academy has not recently been able to continue to supply its library with Conchological works, which has increased our difficulties. “The cabinet now contains upwards of 13,000 species, and is the largest in America. “Having no published Catalogue of our collection and its duplicates, a necessary basis for extensive exchanges, the Committee have effected very little in this way. There is probably no other department of the Museum possessing such numerous duplicates, so that the collection could be greatly enlarged by exchanges. “The systematic classification of the shells was, until this year, chiefly Lamarckian, but the Committee have substituted for this the more scientific arrangement of recent systematists. At present the marine shells are classified according to the system of Messrs. H. and A. Adams, with modifications; the terrestrial shells according to that of Dr. Louis Pfeiffer, and the Unionide and fresh water Gasteropods to those of Messrs. Lea, Binney, and Tryon. The Committee have not been able, however, to exhibit the families and genera in their proper sequence, on account of the over-crowded condition of the cases; but this can be readily remedied at any time that we possess more space. “We also regret the want of space exceedingly, because it debars us from exhibiting those interesting geographical series | which, to a naturalist, are not less instructive than a collection of species, enabling us to acquire a knowledge of the limits and variations of species, as determined by climatal and other influences. “Nearly double our present space is required for the proper exhibition of the collection which we already possess, and a small appropriation to publish a catalogue would enable us to increase largely and rapidly. “While we deem it but right that the Academy, through you, should be made acquainted with our wants, the Commit- tee forbear to press them at this time, being well aware that other departments of the collection require the first and imme- diate pecuniary aid of the Academy. Respectfully yours, GHORGE W. TRYON, Jr., Lor Committee on Conchology.” 186 AMERICAN JOURNAL THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. Those who are interested in the Natural Sciences, and we are sure that all of our readers are so interested, will read the following with great pleasure, and aid its object, if possible. “An Appress: A sincere desire to learn what was known, and, if pos- sible, to add to the common stock of knowledge concerning animals, plants, the inorganic constituents of the earth, and the laws of the natural forces under which they exist, induced a few gentlemen in this city, a little more than a half century ago, to meet together weekly for mutual instruction. They never supposed themselves to be learned men, but simply students or seekers after knowledge. They considered the study of nature, while re- leased from their avocations, a rational and profitable recreation. Slowly their number increased. ‘“‘Tt was determined to date the foundation of the institution March 21, 1812, and to name it the ACADEMY oF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADEL- PRITAM ic sit) oe ce ‘‘The society was incorporated March 24, 1817. “The formation of a museum and library, indispensable implements of teachers as well as of learners, was begun in the earliest days of the Acad- emy, with donations of a few natural objects and of books from members, each one contributing whatever he could. Both grew slowly, but with gradually accelerating progress. ‘‘At this time the museum contains more than two hundred thousand objects of interest. Very many of them cannot be properly exhibited for want of space. In many respects this collection is scarcely surpassed by any other of the kind in the world. There is no display of birds on this Continent comparable to the Academy’s, and in Europe not more than one or two equal it. This superb collection is in danger of total destruction from crowding, and from want of means to compensate skilled laborers to keep the skins free from corroding insects. The same remark is applicable to other departments. ‘““The museum is open gratuitously, on Tuesdays and Fridays, to the public, from one o’clock P. M. till sunset; and on other week-days it is resorted to for the purpose of study. Tickets of admission may be obtained from any member of the institution. The visitors on the public days are counted by hundreds. On the last Friday of the year just passed eleven hundred were admitted. ‘‘The library consists of thirty thousand volumes, and contains some works which are found in no other collection in the United States. It may be consulted by any person introduced or accompanied by a member. It is a library for reference exclusively. ‘«The facilities for studying special subjects afforded by the museum and library have proved invaluable to many gentlemen, now distinguished pro- fessors in this and other States of the Republic, while preparing themselves for the professorial career. Many are more competent teachers than they could have been without the existence of this or similar institutions. ‘““The Academy has educated competent naturalists, who have accom- panied exploring parties sent out by the Government to ascertain the avail- able natural products, mineral and vegetable, of this and of remote coun- tries. Major Long’s expedition to the Rocky Mountains, and the South Sea exploring expedition, for example, as well as every exploring expedi- tion under the auspices of the National Government, and many geological surveys of States, have included members of this institution, whose observa- tions have been of economic value in many respects. The geological survey of California, now in progress, is conducted by members of the Academy. ‘¢The importance of the natural sciences in a political sense is implied by the fact that institutions for the cultivation of them are sustained by the OF CONCHOLOGY. 187 most enlightened governments of Christendom. The Jardin des Plantes in Paris, the British Museum and Zoological Gardens in London, and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, bear ample testimony on this point. Indeed, encouragement of the study of the natural sciences is seen to be greatest in those communities which are most conspicuous for intelli- gence and refinement. And is it wonderful that well-informed peoples should be willing to speed on their way those who are treading paths which have already led to the discovery of the modes of finding coal-basins, me- tallic veins of all kinds, illumination by gas, the utilization of steam, the electric telegraph, to say nothing about manufactures which have their orivin in truths acquired only through the study of the natural sciences ? ‘*Those who immediately use the library and museum of the Academy are not the sole beneficiaries of the institution. Its periodical publications, the ‘Journal of the Academy’ and the ‘Proceedings of the Academy,’ spread a record of its work before the world, and place it in communica- tion with nearly two hundred kindred institutions, established at various points in Europe, Asia, Africa and America. There is no society for the cultivation of the natural sciences in the United States more respected abroad than this Academy. The foreign reputation it has acquired is, in some degree at least, the property of . . . . the nation. ‘‘The beneficial influence of the Academy is not restricted to its mem- bers. It is a prolific source from which usefulness flows far and wide. It may be considered an exemplary institution, because its organization has been imitated in various parts of ourcountry. . .. . “The apartment in which the meetings are held is scarcely large enough for their accommodation. Public lectures on natural science, which have been long in contemplation, have not been delivered by members because there is no room in the hall adapted to the purpose. ‘The revenue of the Academy consists in an annual contribution from each of its members, which, prior to the enhancement of the cost of fuel and the price of labor, was barely sufficient for the expense of warming and lighting the hall. The institution is free from debt, but its means, appli- cable to other purposes than its publications, are very small. The arrange- ment of the museum and library is the result of volunteer labor entirely, the amount of which is not easily appreciated. ‘Such reasons, perhaps too briefly and imperfectly stated, have induced the Academy to appeal to the public for pecuniary aid. A committee has been appointed to solicit subscriptions to a building fund. It is earnestly hoped that its members will be able to report that the generosity of our’ enlightened and liberal-minded citizens, largely as it has contributed to various benevolent objects incident to events of the past four years, is still large enough to foster the cultivation of the natural sciences by providing means to enable the Academy to purchase a lot of ground of suitable size in a convenient situation, and to erect a building in all respects adapted to its purposes, and at the same time ornamental and creditable. “Tt is conjectured that not less than one hundred thousand dollars will be required to accomplish the object in view. For this reason the payment of subscriptions is made contingent on the whole amount being subscribed within the present year. . . . . Even if the growth of the Academy is to be arrested now, as it will be if its appeal to the public shall fail, a considerable increase of revenue will be necessary to preserve it, even in its present condition. ““The following resolutions were adopted at the annual meeting, Decem- ber 26, 1865 :— ‘Resolved, That a committee, to consist of forty members, be appointed to solicit and receive subscriptions for the purpose of [purchasing a lot and] erecling a new fire-proof building for the use of the Academy. ‘*Resolved, That they shall prepare and publish a short history of the Academy, its purposes, its usefulness, and its wants, and circulate the same, together with forms of subscription. 188 AMERICAN JOURNAL “Resolved, That the latter shall be worded so as to make the subscribers liable only in case the aggregate amount subscribed shall equal or exceed one hundred thousand dollars. ‘Resolved, That every subscriber of one thousand dollars or upwards shall receive the thanks of the Society, handsomely engrossed, signed by its officers, and mentioning the amount contributed. That he shall be entitled (if eligible) to life membership in the Academy, together with free admis- sion to its lectures, and shall receive, free of cost, all its publications for life. ‘*Resolved, That every subscriber of one hundred dollars and upwards, if he desire it, shall have free admission to the museum of the Academy, and admission to lectures, and the right to purchase our publications on the same terms as members. ‘Resolved, That this committee shall report progress at each business meeting of the Academy, and shall pay to the Treasurer of the Academy all moneys received by them, taking his receipt for the amounts.”’ We are glad to state that the Building-fund Committee are meeting with very fair success in their undertaking, the sub- scriptions already amounting to over $37,000. We will take charge of any subscriptions that may be for- warded to us, OF CONCHOLOGY. 189 OBITUARY. LOVELL REEVE. I regret to have to announce to my readers the decease of this very zealous and distinguished Conchologist. He died in London in the Fall of 1865. Lovell Reeve was the author of numerous conchological works, some of them possessing the highest merit. We learn from the dedication of his volume on “ British Land and Fresh Water Mollusks,” that about 1831 he commenced the study of shells, encouraged by the advice and assistance of Dr. J. E. Gray. ‘Ten years afterwards he published, through Messrs. Longmans & Co., of London, his “Conchologica Systematica,” a splendid work, containing, in two volumes, over 300 colored plates. ‘The expense attending this publication was so great that, to use his own words, “the only chance left to me of pursuing the subject was to turn printer and publisher my- self. With a lithographic press, a staff of print-colorers, a stock of types and a printing-press, the means of production became comparatively easy. During the twenty-two years elapsed since, | have worked unremittingly on species, con- sidering them more with regard to the phenomena of distribu- tion than of classification. My ‘Conchologia Iconica’ has reached its fourteenth volume and eighteen hundredth plate.” “Conchologia Iconica,” the largest and most expensive as well as the most useful work ever published on the subject, now embraces monographs of most of the genera. The pub- lication price for the parts issued to this date exceeds one hundred and twenty-five pounds sterling. The plates are generally excellent, but the descriptions are mostly very poor, and without the former would be unrelia- ble. The following details of this publication may not prove uninteresting ; they are extracted from a recent advertisement of the work :— “There is contained in the British Museum, and in the museum of a British naturalist, Mr. Hugh Cuming, a collec- tion of shells quite unrivalled in number of species, variety, 190 AMERICAN JOURNAL and perfection. If all the collections of Kurope and America, public and private, were united in one, the series would still be inferior in completeness to the combined collections of the British Museum and Mr. Cuming. But the latter is the col- lection par excellence. Mr. Cuming possesses from twenty to thirty thousand species and well-marked varieties, illustrated, in most instances, by several specimens, acquired during not less than half a century of untiring personal research. ‘Not restricting,’ said Professor Owen several years ago, in the ‘Annals of Natural History,’ ‘his pursuit to the stores and shops of curiosity-mongers of our seaports, or depending on casual opportunities of obtaining rarities by purchase and exchange, he has devoted more than thirty years of his life in arduous and hazardous personal exertions, dredging, diving, wading, wandering, under the equator and through the tem- perate zones, both north and south, in the Atlantic, in the Pacific, in the Indian Ocean, and among the islands of its rich archipelago, in the labor of collecting from their native seas, shores, lakes, rivers, and forests, the marine, fluviatile, and terrestrial mollusks, sixty thousand of whose shelly skeletons, external and internal, are accumulated in orderly series in the cabinets with which the floors of his house now groan.’ Since this was written, Mr. Cuming has added largely to his collec- tion, and still labors unremittingly, purchasing and inter- changing specimens with collectors in other parts of the world. “The ‘Conchologia Iconica’ was commenced in 1848, as the exponent of this and other English collections of shells, and its publication has proceeded with uninterrupted regularity for twenty years. Part 286, just ready, will complete the Four- teenth Volume. The number of plates contained in these volumes is 1890, comprising not fewer, probably, than 15,000 figures of shells of the natural size, all drawn and lithographed by the same characteristic pencil, that of Mr. G. B. Sowerby. The system of nomenclature adopted is that of Lamarck, modified to meet the exigencies of recent discoveries. With the name of the species is given a summary of its leading specific characters in Latin and Hnglish. Then the authority for the name is quoted, accompanied by a reference to the work where the species was originally described; and next in order are its synonyms—the names given to the species by other authors, different from that to which it is entitled by priority, or in consequence of the introduction of an improved system of genera. The habitat of the species is next given, accompanied, where possible, by particulars of the circum- stances under which it is found, such as the nature of the soil, depth, vegetation, etc.; and to this are added some remarks OF CONCHOLOGY. 191 directing attention to the most obvious distinguishing pecu- liarities of the species, with occasional criticisms on the views of other writers. It is also noted, under each species, in what cabinet, mostly that of Mr. Cuming, the type specimen selected for illustration is preserved. “The author’s method of proceeding is as follows: Having determined upon a family to monograph, his first step is to select from the Cumingian collection a characteristic series of specimens of all the species of one or more genera, every spe- cimen during the past twenty years having been taken from the cabinet under the supervision of Mr. Cuming himself, who furnishes whatever information he may be in possession of, either from transmitted sources or from individual personal research. This information, committed to paper, is subse- quently sifted and collated with other information, and applied, as the working out of a monograph proceeds, to the respective species. On the completion of a monograph, the particulars of information are generalized, and their bearings on the dif- ferent branches of the study are exhibited in the preliminary observations to each genus. For an elaborate example of what it is intended to convey, the reader is referred to the preliminary observations to genus Terebratula. For this rea- son the letter-press of Plate I. of each genus is not prepared until the monograph is completed, when it is issued along with the title-page and index. The Cumingian specimens having been selected, a search is then made among the speci- mens of the British Museum and other cabinets for further material, and the views of different authors as to their charac- ters and affinities are examined and compared. The specimens determined upon for illustration are now grouped in plates for the artist; and the stones, when drawn on and _ printed from, are carefully put away in racks, arranged in alphabet- ical order according to the name of the genus. Many and curious are the details of etching. proving, printing, etc.; and the statistics of quantity acquire an interest as the work pro- ceeds. The 1890 stones employed up to the present time weigh little short of seventeen tons; placed side by side, they would extend to a distance of more than half a mile; and if raised flat one upon another, they would reach to the height of the dome of St. Paul’s. The number of impressions printed from these stones is approaching half a million; and the color- ing is done entirely by hand, forming the livelihood of a family of colorists, who follow their occupation from year to year with an assiduity and interest worthy of a higher branch of art. “The mode of publication is to issue monthly a Part con- taining eight plates, price 10s. (or bi-monthly a double Part 192 AMERICAN JOURNAL of sixteen plates, price 20s.), the plates and letter-press being loose in the wrapper for facility of arrangement and reference. Two, sometimes three, genera are taken at a time, for the sake of variety, the publication proceeding with regularity until they are completed. When completed, they are issued sepa- rately as monographs, and when enough monographs have accumulated to form a volume, a title-page is issued for the permanent binding. The publishers undertake the binding of the work, employing a special process, in which sewing is dis- pensed with, to the great advantage and preservation of the plates.” I do not know whether the deaths of Messrs. Cuming and Reeve will cause the suspension of this gigantic work, but trust that the sale has become sufficiently large to induce its continuance by Mr. Sowerby. Mr. Reeve published many papers in the “ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, and also the following addi- tional separate works :— Mollusca of the Voyage of the Samarang. (Adams and Reeve.) Elements of Conchology. 2 vols., 8 vo., with 62 colored plates. British Land and Fresh Water Mollusks. 12mo., cloth, with woodcut illustrations. M. VALENCIENNES, This gentleman, for many years Professor of Zoology in the Museum of Natural History, Paris, died on April 18th, 1865, aged 71 years. He was well known to naturalists by his numerous published works and papers, many of which treated | of Conchological subjects; among others, the Conchological part of the “ Voyage of the Venus.” He also furnished de- scriptions of some American species for Humboldt and Bon- pland’s ‘‘ Recueil des Observations.” etc. BOUCHARD-CHANTEREAUX. This distinguished naturalist is also dead. He published several local catalogues of the Mollusca of Bologne and Pas- de-Calais, and other papers. At the period of his decease he was Director of the Museum of Natural History of Bologne. American Journal of Conchology: 1506. Plate 6. L Anodon M2 Niel Anthony: 2Anodon subgibbosa Anthony, tth Pimla American Journal of Conchology. 1866. Plate % LAnodon tnornata Anthony. 2. Unto opatinis. Anthony 3 Gortobasts ctngenda Anthony, Bowen & C With Phila . vrassatella alta, lonrad Fig. 1b Conrad » & Crassatela planata Conrad conrad curta, ¢ ” 4, » 3&.Mercenaria obtusa, ” s 4 / Ameritan Journal of lonchology I866. Fr y j~ A j { I { } ; J = va ™ ~ en ‘ 7, f / * ~ f : = Een Se eae eee ey . tiq.1. Gyprimeria Peruviana, Conrad » 2.3 Diploschiza creltacea, Conrad » 45: Terebratulina tilosa, Conrad Plate a . ’ e . . > s 7 ” AmericanJournal of Concholosy 1866. Plate X a aN ; > i 6 1. Unto depvgis. Conrad . 4,5 Lymnaea Shurtletfii Tryon 2, Vivipara Waltonit, Trvon. 6,78 Planorbis circumstrialus Trvon. 3, Melantia praemordica Tryon. 9, Physa gyrina Say ‘abnormal ) 10. Faludina Scalaris Jay. American Journal of Conchology, 1866. Plate 11. LINGUAL DENTITION. Fig. 1. Ancylotus prerosus, Say. Fig. 3. Ancylotus dissimilis, Say. woes se costatus, Anth. “4. Gontobasis depygis, Say. American Journal of Conchology, 1865. Plate 12. LINGUAL DENTITION. Fig. 1. Gyrotoma ovoidea, Shuttl. ‘Fig. 3. Pachychilus levissima, Sowb. ‘* 2. Io spinosa, Lea. “4. Schiedeanus, Phil. 1866. SHIELIS, FOSSILS, AND MINERALS, MR.R. DAMON, OF WEYMOUTH, ENGLAND, Tnvites the attention of amateurand scientific Collectors, Curators of Public Museums, &c., to his stock of RECENT SHELLS, FOSSILS, and MINERALS, which is now one of the largest and most complete in Europe, and obtained in great part direct from the several localities to which they are assigned. RECENT SHELLS. From the numerous consignments received from correspondents and agents in various parts of the world, he is enabled to supply named Col- lections classified Zoologically or Geographically, of which the following is a selection :— 1000 species, comprising several hundred genera and sub-genera £ os. a. (EIS OSGI) FESS econ orc doce cpcedod Snaceecce merce tinencece dunce . 50 0 0 POOOKARGO Rv oyactirccdcscncavesscdsnaes = iejele(dlaleiaelsia sls /slaslsinwenes'sissise Gaddootascac asee Land and Freshwater Shells of Europe, (500 species) ......... sssseeee Marine Shells of the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas, (250 species) Ditto, Northern and Arctic Seas, (100 species) ..........sesseeeeee eae PHILLIPINES—50 of the handsome species of Helices and Bulimi, from the Phillipines, 4 guineas, or 100 specieMincluding 70 Helices and Bulimi, with 80 species of Melania, Navicella, Batissa, Rhegiostoma, Leptopoma, Cyclophorus, &c., £8 83. Land Shells of the ISLAND OF JAMAICA, containing the following genera ; Cylindrella, Spiraxis, Geomelania, Stoastoma, Helicina, Trochatella, Lucidella, Pro- serpina, Clausilia, Helix, Choanopoma, Cyclostoma, Leptenaria, &c., 50 species, 21s ; 100 ditto (250 examples), £3 3s.; 200 ditto (500 examples), £8 8s. A set of Land and Freshwater Shells from WESTERN AFRICA, including the following genera:—ZJridina, Galathea, Streptaxis, Amuicola, Pupa, Achatina, Melania, Physopsis, &c., 30 species, 2 guineas, From the interior of India :—Otopoma, Leptopoma, Cryptosoma, Megalomastoma, Pomatias, Diplommatina, Alyceus, Pterocyclos, Streptaxis, Nematura, Camptonyx, Hypselostoma, Scaphula, Hydrocena, Plectophylis, Lithotis, Cremnobates, Cyclotopsis, §c., fe. SHELLS OF PALESTINE.—A collection of Land Shells, with a few Fresh Water Species, from the Jordan and Sea of Tiberias. (50 species.) ISLAND OF CUBA.—About 100 species of Land Shells. This series con- tains some of the most beautiful Snail Shells known, and includes Helix imperator, and other rare species of Helix, Helicina, Pupa, Cylindrella, Megalomastoma, Cyclostoma, &e. A few Sets of the Shells from MAZATLAN and the GULF OF CALIFORNIA at the following very moderate prices. 50 species for 21s., (or 100 species for £2 12s. 6d.), including a copy of “ Carpenter’s Catalogue of the Mazatlan Shells,” published by the British Museum, 8vo., 8s. A series of 50 named species (2 of each kind) of the Genus ACHATINELLA, £1 10s. Ditto of 100 species. “Genera” to illustrate “ Adam’s Genera,” ‘ Chenu’s Manuel de Conchyliolo- gie.” “ Woodward’s Manual of the Mollusca,” 100 genera for £1 10s. ;* ditto, select examples, £3.* LAND SHELLS.—A collection from all parts of the world, 1000 species, 50 gs. *Sets of these have been supplied, and are exhibited at the South Kensington Museum, MR. R. DAMON, OF WEYMOUTH, ENGLAND. 100 good species of Foreign Shells for £2 10s., or 200 species for £5. The - smaller kinds represented by several specimens. Well suited to beginners in Con- chology. 100 species of Cones 10 guineas. 100 species of Cyprea 10 guineas. Tn addition to the foregoing a large miscellaneous stock, among which will be found many rare and beautiful examples, every effort being made to secure whatever is new and interesting to collectors. (= Should this circular meet the eye of Naturalists travelling or re- sidents in foreign stations, they are solicited to open a correspondence with R. D., either for the sale or the exchange of their duplicate speci- mens. Instructions for collecting objects in foreign countries will be gratuitously given on application. BRITISH SHELLS. R. D. has given much attention to this interesting branch of Con- chology, and by dredging operations conducted on various parts of the English, Irish, and Scotch coasts, he is enabled to supply collections named in accordance with the British ‘* Mollusca”? of Forbes and Hanley, or that of the British Conchology, by John C. Jeffreys, Esq., F.R.S., at the following prices, containing on an average 3 of each kind (choice specimens) :— 100 species, £2 12s. 6d.*—200 species, £6 6s.*—300 species, £12 12s.—400 species, £25. Elementary set of 100 species (2 of each), 21s. A priced Catalogue for single specimens, price 4d. FOSSILS, The extensive character of his stock of Fossils enables R. D. to furnish large and comprehensive collections, as indicated by the fol- lowing selection. The names, geological position, and localities of each specimen are carefully given. Collections are prepared for those entering on the study of geology, and also to illustrate recent works on the science, at the following prices: Fossils and their rocks. 100 different specimens, £2 ; 200 ditto, £5; 500 ditto, £20; 1000 ditto, £50. POST TERTIARY. Sets of Shells from modern deposits in the raised Sea Ooast of Sweden. 20 species (50 examples) 20s. TERTIARY. Glacial beds. English Crag—Red—Coralline —and Norwich PLIOCENE of Piedmont. Collections named at the University Museum of Turin, at the following prices :—100 species (250 examples), £3 33. 200 species £6 6s. 300 species £ MIOCENE. 100 species (250 examples) from the Vienna Basin, and named at the Imperial Museum at Vienna, £3 3s. 200 ditto £ 60 species of the Afocene fossils of Touraine (150 examples) £1 15s. Miocene fossils from the Rhine district, Belgium and Bordeauz. EOCENE. Fossil shells of the Paris Basin. Collections of these beautifully preserved fossils named after Deshayes. 100 species (250 examples), £3 8s. 200 species (500 examples), £6 63. 300 ditto £ * Sets of these have been supplied, and are exhibited at the South Kensington Museum. ABRIDGED CATALOGUE OF SHELLS, FOSSILS, AND MINERALS. 3 Eocene fossils also from the following localities :—Isle of Wight, Barton Cliff, Brockenhurst, Hempstead, Headon, and Bracklesham. SECONDARY. From the Maestricht beds, Chalk and Chalk Marl (Upper Green Sand of Blackdown), Green Sand, and Gault of Great Britain, France, and Westphalia. OOLITE. Portland Stone, Sohlenhofen Oolite, Kimeridge Olay, Coral Rag, Oxford Clay, of Christian Malford, Wurtemberg, and Moscow, Oornbrash, Forest Marble, Great Oolite, Inferior Oolite, and Sands, LIAS of Dorset and Germany, including Saurian remains, Fishes, Pentacrinite, Sepix, Ammonites, Nautili, &e.,&e. Trias and Muschlekalk of Germany. PALALOZOIC. Permian. Carboniferous or Mountain Limestone, of Yorkshire, Treland and Belgium. Devonian, of South Devon, Scotland, Rhine, and Eifel. Silurian of Dudley, Wales, Bohemia, Sweden, and United States. A collection of ‘Tertiary Fossils of 1000 named species (2500 examples), repre- senting the Newer and Older Pliocene.— Upper, Middle, and Lower Eocene of Lyell, 30 guineas. 100 species of Cretaceous fossils, 4 guineas; 200 ditto, 10 guineas. 100 species of Inferior Oolite ditto, from Dorset and Somerset, 7 guineas. 300 ditto, representing all the beds of the Upper, Middle, and Lower Oolites, 15 guineas. 100 species of Ammonites, 10 guineas 200 species of Brachiopoda, single specimens. 5 guineas; 2 of each, 7 guineas. Sets of fossils from the Tertiary beds, 21s. Ditto, Cretaceous, Oolite, Lias, Muschlekalk, Carboniferous, Devonian, and Silurian, each 21s. the set. A collection of all the principal rocks, including Sedimentary, Plu- tonic, and Volcanic. 100 specimens, each from 4 to 5 in. square £2 5s. CASTS OF RARE FOSSILS. 1. Large head of Icthyosaurus platyodon (jaw, with skull and eye com- plete), from the Blue Lias of Lyme Regis, Dorset. The original is unique as to size and preservation. Length 5ft. lin. Price £3 138s. 6d. or uncoloured, £2 12s. 6d. Photographs of Nos. 1, and 2, sent on application, to be returned if a cast is not purchased. 2. Fore-paddle of Pliosaurus, from the Kimeridge Clay, near Wey- mouth. ‘The original of this unique and gigantic specimen is in the Dorset County Museum, presented by J. C. Mansell, Esq. Only por- tions of an animal of this rare genus of saurians has yet been found. Length of paddle 6ft. 9in. Price of cast, set in case, 5 guineas. A cast of this paddle may be seen in the British Museum. MINERALS. In this department of science, R. D. has a large stock, to which additions are constantly being made, by visits to the principal mining districts of Europe, and by consignments from numerous correspondents and agents. The Collection being extensive, and always rich in fine and rare examples, Collectors may rely on meeting with specimens not gene- rally obtainable. 4 MR. R. DAMON, OF WEYMOUTH. MINERALS, CONTINUED. R. D. has lately added to his stock, the well known and beautiful collection of minerals formed by the late J. R. Campbell, Esq., comprising several thousand specimens, all of which were selected with great care and judgment by the late Proprietor. As the name and locality of a mineral are of the greatest interest and importance, adding also greatly to its value, R. D. assures his cus- tomers that the name and locality of every specimen in his collection have been verified by one or more of the best mineralogists of the day. _ Named, elementary, and other collections supplied, with or without cabinets ; highly instructive to Travellers, Students, and young persons, at a very moderate price. 100 small specimens, 1 guinea. 200 in cabinet with drawers, 4 guineas. 100 larger and carefully selected specimens in a neat and well made cabinet with drawers and divisions for 240 specimens, 4 guineas. 200 ditto, ditto, ditto, and divisions for 340 specimens, 7 guineas. 300 ditto, ditto, ditto, with divisions for 482 specimens, and including a set © models of crystals, 12 guineas. Collections of larger specimens suited for Museums supplied. New Catalogue of Minerals Published by the British Museum, sent Post free for 2d. PUBLICATIONS, CATALOGUE OF BRITISH SHELLS, WITH THEIR SYNONYMS and Authorities, including the newly described Species, for Labels 2s. 6d. List of British Crustacea, 2s. 6d. List of British Algee, according to Harvey, 2s. 6d. List of British Ferns, as arranged by Thomas Moore, Esq., F.L.S. 1s. 6d. Labels for Foreign Shells, 2s. per 1000 names, Labels for Fossil Shells. Cards of Strata for a systematic arrangement of Rocks and Fossils. Cards of Genera of Recent Shells, for arranging collections. A CATALOGUE OF GENERA OF MOLLUSCA, RECENT AND FOSSIL, arranged according to “ Woodward’s Manual,” with the additional Genera. The whole being revised by the author. In large type, printed on one side, 8yo, 5s., available for Generic Labels (8 inches in length.) A few copies printed on cardboard. Specimen. PANOPAA Lam. Gummed Sheets of small numerals for arranging collections :—1. 2. 3. 4. &e., &e. WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY SUPPLIED. HANDBOOK TO THE GEOLOGY OF WEYMOUTH AND THE IsLAND OF PORTLAND, containing a Map of the District, Geological Sections, Coast Views, Figures of the characteristic Fossils, and other Illustrations, with Lists of Objects, and numerous Notes on the Botany and Zoology of the Coast and Neigh- bourhood. By R. Damon, F.G.S. Price 5s. London: Stanford, Charing Cross, 1860. A SUPPLEMENT TO THE ABOVE, CONSISTING OF NINE LITHO- graphic Plates of Fossils, drawn by Bone. Price 2s. 6d. London: Stanford, Charing Cross, 1860. DREDGES OF GALVANISED IRON CONSTRUCTED WITH THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. Small Flat Boxes with Glass Tops in various sizes, at per dozen adapted for the preservation of objects of natural history. Strong Card Board Trays at per 100. A sample set of the five sizes, 6d. SHHLLS HOR SALE. The undersigned, contemplating expensive arrangements for the enlargement of his collection, will supply suites of TERTIARY AND CRETACEOUS FOSSILS, AND ALSO OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS Of Alabama and adjacent States, at the rate of 30 cents a species, averaging six specimens to each species; representing, when prac- ticable, the different ages of the land and fresh-water shells. The more ponderous fossils will be represented by single speci- mens, or by pairs. For further particulars communications are invited. E. R. SHOWALTER, UNIONTOWN, ALABAMA. Works | Op: Natural Ei Stew ye FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. The following BOOKS, nica in my Library, are offered For SALE at the annéxed prices, or will be ExcHancGep for Con chological Works. G cae Wa DEVON, Sra No. 625 Market Street, Philadelphia, NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 19 Vols., 4to., as bound in half Morocco, with many | hundred Colored Plates The following separate Volumes also for sale, in the same binding: MAMMATWA By Jivk. DeKiaye. 33:coloned! plates: )-\< cctvers\sieitvieelsictcle!=|=islelelcleloleierolelp cleleisierniciatiare 5 00 ORNITHOLOG Ye) By JE. DeKay. 3800p:, 141colored! platest.iccsc + cecinesfecen ce eonmene 20 00 HERPETOLOGY AND ICHTHYOLOGY. By J. E. DeKay. 2 Vols,, 400pp. text, 101 colored REP LAL CS iotoiaso/oreroi ots elel=1s1sfatelefolsjovalererelsleretaseis1s(elalolataterelele/«lo!sLaleletstaralsteiaiatelotalsterelebepelain ste eitieirieteieieriete 18 00 ENTOMOLOGY. ky E. Emmons. 272pp., 7 50 AGRICULTURE. By E.Emmons 3Vols, TT0pp, 140 colored plates of Fruits, Vegetables,&e. 2600 BOTANY. By J. Torrey. 2 Vols., 1000pp., N6Oreolored: platess jcmscsmateeeeyactenes aes ceeers i GEOLOGY. 4 Vols., 1900pp , over : 200 plates and maps......< aluio|s\alavaletatere olatotaistcfeta/ateresta\etelcrere te MINERALOGY. By L C. Beck. , CUVIER. REGNE ANIMAL. . Vol. lS MAMM: ALIA, AVES. 8vo., CRUSTACEANS, INSECTS. &e 84 \pp., 1817 LINN AGUS SYST. NAT. 13th Edit. MAMM ALIA, AVES. AMPHIBIA, PISCES. 500pp.; 1 INSECTA. 2 Vols., 1500pp., PLANTS. 2 Vols., 1660pp., 1791. BUNUN NESS PATE p:, 173% ceige cca secc oad doice cia cle aoe ea Tn eS BROT. CATALOGUE SYSTEMAT DES MELANIANS. 8vo,72pp. Geneva, 1862 COUTHUOY, J. P., DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF SHELLS OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, MON OGRAPH OF OSTEODESMACBA, &e 118pp., 8vo., 3 plates............. MIGHELS, a W., CATALOGUE OF THE SHELLS ok MAINE. S8vo., 40p Dinlistscunnin. maccee MORCH, 0. At, CaTALOGUE OF SHELLSIN CABINET OF COUNTS DE YOLDI. S8vo., 250pp MORELET, A., NOTICE SUR L’HISTOIRE NAT. DES ACORES, AVEC DESCRIPTION DES TAISCHO TERRESTRES. 8vo, 214pp., colored plates. (75 New Species are serlbed, ‘ ENCYCLOPEDIE METHODIQUE. Zoophytes. By Lamouroux, St. Vincent and Deslon- champs. 4to., 1824, 2 Vols., 800pp. text, 100 plates BIELZ, FAUNA DER MOLLUSKEN SITEBENBURGENS, 20! pp., 8vo. Hermansiadt, (Austria,) URS rratettatetaretelolals cielo aloiolevetetotsisiaieiviersielc/sielels\cieisie;e,cielaies e/ateinielore aibleierereriomtreciee meet areas GRAY, LESSONS IN BOTANY 8vo, cloth. 1859 8vo., half Mo- 8vo , half Morocco 8vo., 1854. half Morocco, marble edves CO rr NYS PAGE. 1. Further Observations on Mr. Gabb’s Eoleonieeee of Califor- nia, by T. A. Conrad. ....... posters 97 2. Observations on Recent saa arIGReil Shells, with proposed new Genera and Species,by T. A. Conrad.. Can eeueee 1Ot 4 3. Descriptions of new Species of EOEMBTY: Cretatenus anal ce cent Shells, by T. A. Conrad.. io nscoaseee HUGE 4. Description of a new Species of ane, by. T. av ‘Connie awsia aoe 107 5. Description of anew Species of Vivipara, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. 108 6. Descriptions of new Fluviatile Mollusca, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. 111 7. Observations on an Abnormal Specimen of Phys gyrina, by Geanme. W.. Sry O11, i's..<.3 sence) socaxs rs cuieteascscax Mel -n anabigraet ieen Ue eae seeaeeaes 114 8. Monograph of the fy, Strepomatide, (concluded, ) by sag as nu ol Be YC0) ire On Preece cB en anericrce on Gren nw Hees Rene wis Me cpa ance cine SO 9. Note on the Lingual Dentition of the Strepomatide, by Gace | AV MD ISY OW bes tae chia sw Gaals oie tswio aco eee MRRP a ow sts ido an aoe gear eae 1384 | 10. Remarks on the Origin dad eseeiee nen of the Opercu- lated Land Shells which inhabit the Continent of North | America and the West Indies, (continued, ) by Thomas Bland. 136 11. Descrptens ¢ of new American BAeen water pea ga byt John G. Anthony.. ated Davai se isa roriBooog | kale! EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications........ aeeaess 148 American.—Review of the Northern Buccinums, by Dr. Wm. Stimpson.—Re- print of Conchological Papers, by Isaac Lea. —List of Brachiopoda from the Island of Anticosti, by N. 5. Shaler.—Stimpson’s Researches upon the THydrobiinee.—Pr oceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia.—Morse’s new Species of Pupadee.—Notes on Terrestrial Mollusca, with Descriptions of new Species, by Thomas Bland.—Reperterio fisico- natural de la Isla de Cuba. Foreign..—Conchologia Iconica.—Further Reports on Shetland Dredgings, by J. Gwyn Jeffreys.—Transactions of the Linnean Society.—British Con- chology, Vol. 8, by Jeffreys. Malacologie d’Aix les Bains, ene ae du genre Paladilhia, et Moitessieria, Mollusques dela Sahara, by J.R . Bourguignat. —Journal de Conchyliologie. —Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. —Malacologie de la Grande-Chartreuse, by Bour euignat. —Malacologie de l’ Algerie, by Bourguignat.— Bulletin de l’Academie Imp. des Sciences de St. ‘Petersburg.— Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Monographia Pheumonopomorum Viventium.— Ueber die Familie der Rissoiden, by Mohrenstern.—N ovitates Conchologice, by Pfeiffer, Dunker and Romer. —Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps.Akademiens Forhandiingar, &c. \} Hi} i / \) Hy. | } Scientific Intelligence «...vcccicecccse secdncoesssecanisaceeess cs seacace’ scees cnssee » L7Q On the Anatomy of Tridacna elongata, by Leon Vaillant.—On the correct Application of Certain Terms used in the Description of Shells, by A. A. Gould, M.D.—Curious Distortion in the Shell of Physa heterostropha. — Remarks on the Habits of Spirialis Flemingii, by Alex. Agassiz.—Collection of Shells for Sale-—Report of the Conchological Committee of the Academy of Nafural Sciences.—Address of the Building-ftund Committee of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, &c. Olai ay racwrecccrsn cess teeters a eae a clatdnapaets WORNMaBTOEES fies L359.) PATULA. (See fig. 51.) “ 53. P.DuRANTI, Newcomb. Proce.California Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 118, (1864.) ANGUISPIRA. (See fig. 49.) “« 54, A. IpDAHOENSIS, Newcomb. Am. Jour. Con- chology, i1., p: 1, tl, figs, 1, 2,3, (1866.) PLANOGYRA. “ 55, P. asterRiscus, Morse. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.(wis p. 123, (1so%.) PSEUDOHYALINA. « 56. P. miuLiuMm, Morse. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vil, p. 28, (1859.) W..G. Binney, |. cs 1v.,.p. 101, t..79, ties. 4, 5, (1859.) Hist. 1i., p. 175, (1850.) Binney, l. c., iii, p. 16, t. 77, fig. 19, 1857.) « 59. P. conspecTA, Bland. Annals N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist., viii, (1865.) « 58. P. MazaTLanica, Pfeiffer. Malak. Blatt., 111., p. 48, (1856.) (See also figs. 61, 62, 65.) 57. P. EXIGUA, Stimpson. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. OF CONCHOLOGY. HELICODISCUS. Fig.60. H. nInEATA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, i,j, Pals; SLT.) Binney, 1. ¢., ii., p. 261, t. 48, fig. 1, (1851.) PSEUDOHYALINA. (See fig. 59.) “ 61. P. incrustaTa, Poey. Memorias, 1, p. 208, 212, t. 12, figs. 11-16, (1852.) W. G. Binney, 1. ¢., iv., p. 68, )1859.) H. saxicola, (not of Pfeiffer,) Binney, 1. ¢.,, il, p. 174, t. 29a, fig. 4, (1851.) « 69. P. MINUSCULA, Binney. 1. c., i1., p. 221,t. 17a, fig. 2, (1851.) H. minutalis, Morelet, Testacea Novissima, 1i., p. 7, (1851.) H. apex, Adams, Cont. to Conch., p. 36, (1849.) H. Lavalleana, H. Mauriniana, D’Orb., Moll. Cuba, p. 161, t. 8, figs. 20-22, (1853.) CONULUS. (See figs. 87, 38.) « 63. C. MINuTISsSIMA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. HOcHIxs, p. Li, (1844,) We Gi Binney.) c5 tv..spy.100) t: 11, fies: 6 7, (1859.) H. minuscula, Binney, ii., p. 221, (1851.) “ 64, G. GUNDLACHI, Pfeiffer. Wiegmann’s Archiv. fiir Naturgesch., 1., p. 250, (1840.) H. egena, Gould, (not of Say,) in Binney, l.c., ii., p. 245, t. 22a, fig. 3, (1851.) PSEUDOHYALINA. (See Species 59. ) « 65. P. LIMATULA, Ward. Binney, 1. ¢., 11, p. 219, t. 80, fig. 2, (1851.) PATULA. (See Species 53.) P. WHITNEYI, Newcomb. Proce. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 118, (1864.) P. CRONKHITEI, Newcomb, |. ¢., p. 180, (1865.) 277 ING. ik Nove: No. 2. No. 4. No. 3, No. 1: No. 4. Nod. 278 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF AMERICAN FRESH-WATER SHELLS. BY T. A. CONRAD. PHYSA, Drap. 1. Puysa pomitA, Conrad.—Plate 15, figs. 1, 2, 3. Description —Shell elliptical, thin, translucent; whorls 5, regularly rounded; spire conical, short; aperture about two- thirds the length of the shell, margin of labrum regularly rounded; base slightly produced. Inhabits Randon’s Creek, near Claiborne, Ala. Physa pomilia, Conrad.—Amer. Journ, of Science and Arts, Vol. 25, p. 848, 1834. ANCULOSA, Say. 2. ANCULOSA PUMILA, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 5. Description—Obliquely ovate, spire consisting of one con- vex whorl; apex eroded; color dark olive, almost black; aper- ture obtusely subovate; base slightly grooved behind the re- flexed labrum. Inhabits the Black Warrior River, Ala. This small shell is supposed to belong to the family Ammnzi- colide. VIVIPARUS, Lam. 3. VIVIPARUS GENICULUS, Conrad.—Plate 15, figs. I1, 17. Paludina genicula, Conrad. Reeve has erroneously referred this very distinct species to V. ponderosa, Say, from which it is readily distinguished by its scalariform spire, and thinness in the substance of the shell. It is more nearly related to V. integra, Say. OF CONCHOLOGY. 279 UNIO, Retzius. 4. UNIo UBER, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 16. Description— Rounded, profoundly ventricose; posterior slope with a shallow subangular groove; posterior margin direct, extremity emarginate; umbo broad, inflated; epider- mis brown above, pale olivaceous posteriorly and towards the ventral margin; within white, teeth very prominent. Inhabits the Alabama River. This species has some resemblance to a horse-chestnut. 5. UNIO FONTANUS, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 13. Description—Oblong, sub-compressed, thin in substance; disks flattened in the middle; beaks slightly raised above the hinge-line, undulated, decorticated; anterior margin regularly rounded; posterior extremity sub-truncated, or obtusely round- ed; color green above, yellowish below and on the posterior slope, rays fine or linear, close, disappearing on the lower part of the anterior side; umbonal slope undefined; posterior slope with a slight oblique groove and raised line and distinct green ray; within bluish, white on the ventral submargin; lateral teeth single in both valves. Inhabits a rivulet near Vicksburg, Miss. I obtained one specimen only of this small species. 6. UNIO PRASINATUS, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 14. Description.—Trapezoidal, very inequilateral; beaks decor- ticated, not plicate, hardly raised above the hinge-line; umbo- nal slope subangulated; posterior margin obliquely truncated, extremity subangulated; color olivaceous, with numerous close green rays, tinged with salmon-color; lateral teeth reeti- linear. Inhabits Florida, 280 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW MARINE BIVALVE MOLLUSCA. BY T. A. CONRAD. DOSINIA, Scopoli. 1. DostntA FLORIDANA, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 4. Description —Suborbicular, length rather more than the height, moderately thick, lentiform, inequivalve; posterior margin widely subtruncated, direct, or with a slight inward slope; concentric striae regular, seldom anastomosing towards the ends, becoming obsolete towards the ventral margin; lu- nule depressed, with angulated margins. Inhabits Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico. The shell is of a pale straw-color, with a few yellowish- brown irregular linear stains. AZARA, D’Orbigny. 2. AZARA UNDATA, Conrad.—Plate 15, figs. 9, 10, 15. Description—Triangular, rather elongated, ventricose, ine- quilateral; lower valve waved, slightly constricted anteriorly ; umbonal slope angular; upper subrostrated or subcuneiform; color bluish-white about the umbo and middle of the valves; pale brown generally on the other parts, and hair-like brown zig-zag lines on the anterior, conspicuous above and obsolete below. Inhabits Rio de la Plata, S. A. This species differs from A. nimbosa, Sowerby. CORBULA, Brug. 3. CORBULA CONTRACTA, Say.—Plate 15, fig. 12. The figure is from a specimen found on the coast of North Carolina. The shell is a true Corbula, not an Azara, as H. and A. Adams suppose it to be. OF CONCHOLOGY. 981 PERIPLOMA, Schum. 4, PERIPLOMA PAPYRACIA, Say.—Plate 15, fig. 6. This species is referred to in the Journal for January of the present year, page 70, and is figured on Plate 4, fig. 9. The illustration proving to be not so correct as desirable, I have re-figured it, as above indicated. LUCINA, Lam. 5. Luctina LINTEA, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 7. Description.—Suborbicular, ventricose; beaks central; disks with close, radiating lines, and concentric, lamelliform, some- what fringed strize; behind the umbonal slope is a slight fur- row, or fold, minutely striated; cardinal and lateral teeth dis- tinct; anterior cardinal area minutely wrinkled in the left valve, margins crenulated within; lunule acutely ovate, promi- nent. Inhabits Tampa Bay, Florida. TELLINA, Lin. Subgenus ANGULUS? 6. TELLINA TAMPAENSIS, Conrad.—Plate 15, fig. 8. Description —Ovate-triangular, convex, inequilateral, very finely and closely lined concentrically; posterior margin ob- liquely subtruncated, the extremity angulated and situated much above the line of the base; cardinal teeth 2 in each valve, with an approximate short lateral tooth in the left valve, and a rudimentary lateral tooth in the opposite valve. Inhabits Tampa Bay, Florida. bo (oe) bo AMERICAN JOURNAL REFERENCE TO PLATE 15, Illustrating Mr. Conrad’s Papers. Figures 1, 2, 8, PHYSA PoMILIA, Conrad. 4, DosINIA FLORIDANA, Conrad. 5. ANCULOSA PUMILA, Conrad. 6. PERIPLOMA PAPYRACIA, Say. 7. LUCINA LINTEA, Conrad. 8. TELLINA TAMPAENSIS, Conrad. 9, 10, 15. AZARA UNDATA, Conrad. 11, 17. VIVIPARUS GENICULUS, Conrad. 12. CoRBULA CONTRACTA, Say. 13. UNIO FONTANUS, Conrad. 14. UNIO PRASINATUS, Conrad. 16. UNIO UBER, Conrad. OF CONCHOLOGY. 283 Gilitor's Gable. REVIEWS. I.—AMERICAN Proceedings of the Essex Institute. IV. No.8. Salem, Mass. June 2, 1866. Observations on Polyzoa; Suborder Phylactolemata. BY ALPHEUS HYATT. A very important paper, containing microscopical observa- tions on the genera of American Fresh-water Polyzoa, (Bryozoa,) —their structure and reproduction. Mr. Hyatt is the only American author, except Dr. Leidy, who has investigated into the history of this but little-known class of Mollusca. The paper is illustrated by several plates, drawn with that skill and finish which so eminently characterizes the pencil of Edward S. Morse. 264 AMERICAN JOURNAL Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. Vol. II., No. 2, 8vo. St. Louis, 1866. Some new varieties of Spirifer. BY G. C. SWALLOW. S. lineatus, Martin. S. Leidyi, Nor. and Prat. var. perplexa, McChesney. var. Chesterensis, Swal. “ striato-lineatus, Swal. “ Merrimackensis,Swal. SS. cameratus, Morton. S. increbescens, Hall. var. percrassus, Swal. var. Americana, Swal. S. Kentuckensis, Shumard. S. Keokuk, Hall. var. propatulus, Swal. var. Shelbyensis. Descriptions of New Species of Bryozoa. BY DR. HIRAM A. PROUT. (fossil.) Fenestella nodosa, Prout. a dilata, Prout. Polypora imbricata, Prout. rigida, Prout. Retipora Hamiltonensis, Prout. Ptilodictya (Stictopora) variabilis, Prout. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. VIII, Nos. 8, 9,10. April, 1866. Notes on Species of the Family Corbiculadex, with Figures. BY TEMPLE PRIME. (Continued.) This exceedingly valuable paper contains full descriptions of species, and their distinctive characters. The wood engra- vings are excellent. The new species are :— Corbicula Pisidiformis, Siam. me Stimpsoniana, ? za vulgaris, Cyrena Mirchiana. Corbicula notata, Prime, is made a synonym of C. Cumingii, Desh., and Cyrena Corbiculeformis, Prime, a synonym of Ve- lorita Cochinensis, Hanley. Tables of the Rectification of Mr. T. A. Conrad’s ‘Synopsis of the Family Naiades of North America. By ISAAC LEA, L.L.D. (Forming Appendix IV. to Mr. Binney’s Bibliography of North Amer- ican Conchology.) Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 8vo., 6pp. Washington, 1866. This is a reprint of paré of a paper published by Mr. Lea, under the above title, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1854. OF CONCHOLOGY. 285 Catalogue of the Genera Helix, Anastoma, Hypselostoma, Strep- taxis, Tomigerus, Bulimus, Orthalicus, Partula, in the collec- tion of A. D. Brown, Princeton, New Jersey. (2dedit.) Jan- uary, 1866. 8vo., 65pp. The first edition, published in 1861, contained Terrestrial Shells of all the genera—many of which are excluded from the present Catalogue. Over thirteen hundred species are enume- rated, showing a marked increase since 1861. The collection of Mr. Brown is very rich in West Indian shells, particularly in those of the Island of Jamaica. Note on the Affinities of the Bellerophontide. By F. B. MEEK. (from the Proceedings of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, Vol. I. March, 1866.) Mr. Meek considers these ancient Mollusks to have been Gas- teropods, closely allied to Fissurellide and Haliotidee. Descriptions of Palzozoic Fossils from the Silurian, Devo- nian and Carboniferous rocks of Illinois, and other West- ern States. BY F.B. MEEK AND A. H. WORTHEN. Placunopsis carbonaria. Anthracoptera? fragilis. Aviculopecten randolphensis. Myalina meliniformis. ue endianensis. Monopteria, N. sub. gen. ae Jimbriatus, Pterinea (Monopteria) gibbosa. Vanuxemia dixonensis. Pterinea? subpapyracea. Macrodon tenuistriatus. Ambonychia (Megaptera\caset. Schizodus curtus. II.—FOREIGN. BRITISH. A Piain and Easy Account of the Land and Fresh-water Mol- lusks of Great Britain; containing Descriptions, Figures, and a familiar account of the habits of each species. BY RALPH TATE. 18mo., cloth, 244 pp,, London, 1866. (Price 4 shillings plain, or 6 shillings colored. ) : This little volume is more than it claims to be, and will prove a very useful and entertaining pocket companion to t! e well posted, as well as the uninitiated shell collectors of Eng- land. The species are all illustrated by lithographic pla‘es and wood cuts. 286 AMERICAN JOURNAL Conchologia Iconica. Parts 252,253. (Price 20 shillings.) The present issue contains:— Cerithium, plates 11 to 20, completing the monograph. Oct.— Dec. 1865. There are included in this genus, excluding Vertagus and Cerithiopsis, but embracing Bittiwm, one hundred and forty- nine species. The following are described as new:— C. lentiginosum, Sowb., ? C1, filosum, Sowb., Philippines. C. pupa, Sowb., am C. Bermudez, Sowb., Bermuda. C. Adenense, Sowb., Aden. C. Siphonatum, Sowb., ? C. clavis, Sowb., ig C. unilineatum, Pease. Sandwich Isles. C. fucatum, Pease, sf af C. Californize, Sowb., California. C. Rissoide, Sowb., st. Thomas, W. I. C. Thomasizx, Sowb., af a C. delectum, A. Adams, Gallapagos. C. beeticum, Pease, Sandwich Isles. C. paxillum, Pease, ve af C. teeniatum, Sowb., Natal. C. altum, Sowb., ? C. tricarinatum, Pease, Sandwich Isles. C. insculptum, Sowb., South Australia. C. trochiforme, Sowb., California, C. gracillimum, Sowb., ? C. excavatum, Sowb., North Australia. C. obsoletum, Sowb., ie We notice, that in two cases, localities are given incorrectly, in ascribing to the United States species which are far-distant in their habitat, Thus, C. Janthinum, “ Clermont-Tonerre, (Island) U.S.,” and @. lacertinum, “Sydney Harbor, U. 8.” The latter species was collected at Sydney, New South Wales, by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, and Dr. Gould has appended the ini- tials W.S. to the locality, as authority for it. Mr. Sowerby has, perhaps, thought W.S. an error for U.S. Hulima, 4 plates, Dec., 1865. E. arcuata, Sowb., Sandwich Isles. E. solida, Sowb., ae rf Ef. subpellucida, Pease, 6c “e E. Sandwichensis, Sowb., fs “ E.. conoidalis, Sowb., " ‘“f Ei. opaca, Sowb., a § Ei. retrorsa, Sowb., Tahiti. EE. gracillima, Sowb., Guatemala. OF CONCHOLOGY. Q8T Vertagus, 2 plates, Dec., 1865. V. graniferus, Pease, Sandwich Isles. Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham. Vol, 1, No.1. 8yo. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1869. Reports of Deep Sea Dredging on the Coasts of Northumber- land and Durham, 1862—4. dited by GEORGE 8. BRADY. — Report on the Mollusca. BY JOSHUA ALDER, 288 AMERICAN JOURNAL OBITUARY. M. CANTRAINE. Professor of Zoology at the University of Ghent. He pub- lished in 1840, in the “Memoires de Académie Royale de Bruxelles, XIII.,” and also separately in quarto a “ Malaco- logie Méditerranéenne,” containing 173 pp., 4to., illustrated by 6 beautiful colored plates, CHARLES A. POULSON. We have, finally, to mourn the death of one of the earliest supporters of natural science, and of Conchology in particular, in America. Mr. Poulson is known only by one publication to naturalists generally—by his “ Monograph of the Bivalve Shells of the River Ohio,” being a translation of a work by Rafinesque; but to many of our earlier Conchologists he was a firm friend, furnishing “aid and comfort” freely for the pro- motion of their objects. He was also an enthusiastic collector, and amassed a cabinet which, a few years ago, would have been considered one of the best in the United States. By Mr. Poulson’s will this collection is to be appraised and offered at private sale to public institutions; but should no sale be thus effected, it will be disposed of at auction. AmericanJournalof Conchology 1866. Plate XI. hig.t, Achatinea Kaswensis, Newcomb. fiyg.8 Achatinela fiusvidea Newcomb. 2 3 Anthonvi an) 3 Dwight, > oF Pe mgr a ne: 10 rs physa 4 is fuanidas r tia Laan : os) - pusdla D a fi y Remyi - 6 es petricola ce « |4 es Alphawiage 7 a suceiuncdta re + (er undulata hig.16 Achatinela Mawiensis Newconib. Bowen & Co. lith.Philadé < ug mi! ie a> 19 Sie ore : eid iy + i. ! AmericanJournalof Conchology 1866. Plate XIV. Bowen& Co.lith.Philada . di Goniobranchius reticulatis. Pease . Stenodort rubra. Pease. Do Plate 19 merican Journal of Concholagy— 1866. A i 17 ~ A CONRAD, DEL SINCLAIR'S LITH ada hil Bowen&Co.lith P Drawn by E.J Nolan Plate IL. i Au. C. L6G. 41 t Ct 2owen& C t i plea yo Naa fa eae © | - A ‘eZ vy Ae as Dis Ae C.1866, Fil Ls Plate TIL Drawn by £.J.Nolan Bowen Co. ith. Philada Plate IV. ) Lf “ 1. ISG. Je lew a — . << ‘ Se P 1 y Si ee Te ros i , dea us 1 frie = i. yi a Pe. f a} S ‘ > vs 4 : j is Cs ff 1 = - . : > La Mesa heey ch ail ORR gee a an * * ist aa Ture: f Muefeaite te vs > ta “Tue = F : A P Greet he, - _ i=? ‘ be f a i te im ‘ 5 7. tips > peels S hy Ae y € ' " Oo |e ne EsinG = ti ‘ = es 7 = = ¢ ‘e Sg ee ARE a 7 ie art | Reg SHELLS FOR SALH, ‘The undersigned, contemplating expensive arrangements for oD ? fe) Oo the enlargement of his collection, will supply suites of TERTIARY AND CRETACEOUS FOSSILS, AND ALSO OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS Of Alabama and adjacent States, at the rate of 30 cents a species, averaging six specimens to each specivs; representing, when prac- ticable, the different ages of the land and fresh-water shells. The more ponderous fossils will be represented by single speci- mens, or by pairs. For further particulars communications are invited. E. R. SHOWALTER, UNIONTOWN, ALABAMA. Vion is Om Natural Ea Storsy, FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. The following BOOKS, duplicates in my Library, are offered For SALE at the annexed prices, or will be ExcHANGED for Con- chological Works. GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. No. 625 Market Street, Philadelphia, NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 19 Vols.. 4to., newly bound in half Morocco, with many amma ned ColoredUPlALeS\awatcle'oieiaela/sfoleieia(oiel=i=1afo\aro\ofeta) olelelsYatorstatalaialaleleteteletete etercteraaee eens "$125 00 The following separate Volumes also for sale, in the same binding: MUAMNGA LAG By J) BE: DeKay. sosicolorediplatess..cccsclssciancicce sciercienteerrceterteeee ORNITHONOGY. By LE. DeKay. 3800p:, 14 colored plates. cco. ccncciesciecie seetincces sce HERPETOLOGY AND ICHTHYOLOGY. By J. E. DeKay. 2 Vols. Vet aRietareicicie ciselsicicin(sisleleleielclslelelajeiercleteteistetst olsielsietelelcle/atetstelsvetate ENTOMOLOG Y. by E. Emmons. 272pp., 47 colored plates....... Ai AGRICULTURE. By E. Emmons. 3 Vols., 770pp.. 140 colored plates of Fruits. Vevetables &e 2600 BOTANY. By J. Torrey. 2 Vols: L000 ppm GOicoloned plates sia. clatsreriyetettsverercieie siecle eee 25 00 GEOLOGY. 4 Vols., 1900pp . over 200 plates and maps...........0..0eeeeeeee MON GHoCBANSCeS 25:00 UN EECA GaN vanlin Osi DECKs OOD DP elaeleratelelateralsiaivieteleicirialolelolele sieiokelsistelelel sieistaistereieietete mien setae 6 00 CUVIER. REGNE ANIMAL. Vol. T, MAMMALIA, AVES. 8vo, 500pp.,1817................ 1 450 CRUSDACGHANS) LNSDGTS pecs S4spp., US icjeteis sieerateretercrsicsteleicieleteteeteremeeeie eee 2 25 LINNZEUS SYST. NAT. 13th Edit. MAMMALIA, AVES. 8vo., 1032pp,1788............... 175 PMB UAT EISO ES: S00 pps MiSorcletescieis:sie e/elsinwl olaleiotoletsieieieicieirteinieieeteteieineriee nae 1 40. TINS CAG 2LViOLS sul5 00D pes glia Sates ticiesa'e\cle\ereicisisieleiaisiolsisictleeeeiise me eiiieier ic nce 310 MEN EIDALS eeliiopp => + EDITED BY GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr., Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History,the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the California Academy of Natural Sciences, &c. PHILADELPHIA : A GrorGE W. Tryon, Jr., 625 Market STreet. NEW YORK: BOSTON: BAILLIERE Broruers, No. 520 Broadway. Litt.z, Brown & Co. LONDON: TRUBNER & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row. PARIS: MADRID: J. B. BAILLIERE ET Fits, Rue Hautefeuille. C. BAILLY-BAILurerE, Calle del Principe. BERLIN: ASHER & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. Yuaxet & Bro., Printers, 28 N. Sixth St. FRESH WATER SHELLS WANTED. ConcHOLoaists or Dealers having FRESH WATER SHELLS from any part of the world, for sale or exchange, will please for- ward Catalogues of species and prices, to : CHARLES M. WHEATLEY, eJani dso; (lyn Joe x ee = Phenixville, Pennsylvania. SIO Sea ety. LER SAIGON ig G25 NEARKET STREET, PHILADEPHIA, U. S. EBXCHANGES. IL offer Tey (CP aed Lp Bom nie |e Wl Fa j > of A - publi ,” and also n h-) SY /0 il sub- jecise! = ——- Id Hibrary of the Museum eee quest ogues with isi My i as Y [ will dispc COMPARAT IVE ZOOLOGY, om at very e and e. AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. cates. L 00 Founded by private subscription, In 1861. 00 v0 C. 00 RARRARAIIO 00 00 Deposited by Louis Agassiz. Ve d0 0 H No. J iG ‘ 0 M 0 10 0 She. NAMING SPECIMENS.—I offer to NAME collections of Shells, for the privilege of retaining, (in ' exchange.) Shells that prove to be new to my Cabinet. CONCHOLOGICAL WORKS FOR SALE.—See list on second and third pages of cover of Ameri- _ can Journal of Conchologs for October, 865. DIRECTIONS FOR SHIPPING.— Gentlemen residing in Europe are requested to direct to me as _ above, with the addition :— : “Tn care of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.,” and forward their packages to either of the following booksellers :—G. Bossange & Co., Paris. Dr. Felix Flugel, Leipzig, Saxony. Wm. Wesley, 2 Queen’s Head Passage, Paternoster Row, London. American correspondents can forward heavy packages by express or rail. Light packages can be forwarded by mail. ) AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. VOL. I.—1865. Containing 400 pages, illustrated by 31 colored and plain plates; with papers by Conrad, Anthony, Bland, Wheatley, Binney, Newcomb, Haldeman, Stimpson, etc. Price in numbers, $12. Or each number separately, $3.60. A few copies, beautifully bound in red morrocco, gilt, bevelled sides, red edges, at $15. Norice.—To those who subscribe to Vol. II., the First Volume will be furnished at $10, or bound as above, at $12. oH a a Froma Photograph tor the American Journal of Cor chology 1866. Bowen & Co. lith Phila pA IVI EO ania eG Wy CNY JOURNAL OF CONCIOLOGY. Vou: OCTOBER 1, 1866. No. 4. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS, INHABITING POLYNESIA. BY WILLIAM HARPER PEASE, 1. Het1x OUALANENSIS, Pease.—t. 20, fig. 1. Description.—T. parva, discoidea, tenui, lucida, supra plana, ad peripheriam rotundata; spira a her planam efformantes} anfr. 8-4, celeriter accrescentes, radiatum striis tenuis incre- mentis subrugosis, concentrice sub lente striatis; ultimus basi rotundatus, late umbilicatus. Cinereo-lutescens, lineis aut strigis castaneis, angulatis et flexuosis, obliquis, ornata. Dimensions —Diam. 5, alt. 2 mill. Shell small, discoidal, thin, shining, plane above, periphery rounded; spire depressed, forming a plane, slightly concave at apex ; ’ whorls 3—4, somewhat roughened by radiating strico of growth, concentrically obsoletely striated, the last “whorl rounded at base, widely umbilicate. Color light greyish-yellow, ornamented with brownish-red zigzag lines or stripes, oblique- ly, sometimes radiately disposed. 289 290 AMERICAN JOURNAL 2. HELIX VENOsUS, Pease.t. 20, fig. 2. Description. —T. orbicularis, glabra, imperforata, tenuis, spira subconica, obtusa; anfr. 5, convexiusculi, gradati, ulti- mus ad peripheriam carinatus, basi convexus; apertura ovato- lunaris. Pallide cinereo-lutescens, lineis tenuis, nigricantibus, radiatim et concentrice ornata. Dimensions.—Diam. 8, alt. 5 mill. Shell orbicular, imperforate, thin, shining; spire somewhat conically elevated, obtuse; whorls 5, planely convex, the last carinate at periphery, base convex; aperture ovately lunate. Color greyish-yellow, base darker, ornamented with fine con- centric blackish lines, and with faint radiating stripes and lines of the same color. 3. HELIX FRIVOLA, Pease.—t. 20, fig. 3. Description T. parva, subgloboso-conica, tenuis, levis, glabra, imperforata; anfr. 4, obsolete carinata, sutura impressa, vix marginata; apertura obliqua, lunato-ovalis. Pallide straminea. Dimensions.—Diam. 53, alt. 8% mill. Shell small, somewhat globosely conic, thin, smooth, shining, imperforate; whorls 4, obsoletely roundly carinate at periph- ery, suture impressed, finely marginate; aperture oblique, lu- nately oval. Color pale straw. 4, HELIX DISTANS, Pease. Description..—T. tenuis, planorboidea, depressa, pallidé cas- tanea, oblique costato-striata, supra planulata, spira parum elevata; anfr. 4-5, convexis, ultimo magno, rotundo, basi sub- angulato, sutura impressa ; apertura magna, vix obliqua, sub- circularis, ad parietale castellis intro volvente instructa; um- bilico $ diametri subzequante. Dimensions—Diam. 7, alt. 24 mill. Shell light, thin, planorboid, depressed, light chestnut, oblique- ly ribbed-striate, plane above, or spire very slightly elevated ; whorls 4—5, convex, the last large, rounded, on its base slightly obtusely angulated, suture impressed; aperture large, nearly circular, and somewhat oblique, a number of rib-striz, re- volving within on its base; umbilicus open, wide, comprising about one-third of the diameter of the shell. Habitat—Sandwich Islands. Belongs to the Hystrix group of species, and is the most distant from the type, of any heretofore described. OF CONCHOLOGY. 291 5. HELIX DECUSSATULA, Pease. Description.—T. discoidea, depressa, umbilicata, fusco-casta- nea et fulvo-maculose strigata, obliqué confertim et arcuatim costata, costellis volventibus decussata; anfr. 4-5, convexo- rotundatis, setigeris ornatis; sutura impressa, spira parum elevata; ad peripheriam rotundatim obsolete angulato; um- bilico $ diametri subeequante ; apertura elliptica, vix obliqua, lamella unica intro volvente instructa. Dimensions.—Diam. 4%, alt. 24 mill. Shell discoidal, depressed, umbilicate, obliquely ribbed, ribs close, small, and somewhat curved or flexuous, decussated by concentric rib-striz, which are more numerous and conspicu- ous on the base; whorls 4-5, convexly rounded, and sparsely ornamented with short hairs; suture impressed, spire but slightly elevated; periphery rounded or obtusely angulated; umbilicus about one-third the diameter of the shell, rounded on its edge; aperture somewhat oblique, and roundly ellipti- cal, furnished with a single prominent lamella on the penulti- mate whorl; the radiating ribs of the exterior extend within the aperture. Mottled and striped irregularly with chestnut- brown and pale yellow. Habitat—Sandwich Islands. 6. HELIX RUGATA, Pease. Description—T. lenticulari, umbilicata, obliqué et irregu- lariter rugosula striata, et striis spiralibus decussata; anfr. 5, tumidiusculis, ad peripheriam acute carinato, spira parum ele- vata, apice obtuso, basi convexiusculo, ad umbilicum rotundé angulato; umbilico 4 diametri subsequante; apertura sub- rhomboidea, lamellis duabus conspicuis parietalibus, unica parva in supero, dentibus lamelleformis tribus in labium. Fusco et pallidé fulvo tessellata. Dimensions.—Diam. 5, alt. 2 mill. Shell lenticular, umbilicate, irregularly ribbed obliquely ; ribs small, wrinkled or flexuous, and decussated by concen- tric striz; base decussated by revolving and radiating rib- strie; whorls 4-5, slightly swollen, sharply carinate at pe- riphery; spire but slightly elevated; apex obtuse; base some- what obversely conical, plano-convex; umbilicus about one- third the diameter of the shell, roundly angulate on its edge; aperture subrhomboidal, furnished with two prominent lamel- le on the penultimate whorl, a small one on the upper side, and three lamelliform teeth on the labrum and pillar. Habitat—Sandwich Islands. 999 AMERICAN JOURNAL 7. HELIX LAMINATA, Pease. Description.—T. lenticularis, depressa, late et profunde um- bilicata, oblique rugosula costata et sublente striis spiralibus obsolete decussata; apice obtuso; anfr. 6-7, convexiusculis, peripheria acute carinata; basi convexiusculis, costellis vol- ventibus et striis radiatis decussata; apertura trapezoidalis, laminze 2 in pariete, 1 in columellee, 4 in basali, 1 in supero. Cornea, fusco maculoso strigata. Dimensions.—Diam. 7, alt. 24 mill. Shell lenticular, depressed, the upper surface obliquely ribbed, ribs small, irregular, rather close and sometimes curved or wrinkled, and obsoletely decussated by very fine revolving stri#; umbilicus deep, one-third of the diameter of the shell, and angulate at its edge; whorls 6-7, upper ones faintly marginate; spire slightly convex, and apex obtuse; aperture trapezoidal, furnished with eight prominent lamina, of which two are on the wall of the aperture, one on the colu- mella side, one on the upper, and four on the outer side. Yel- Jowish-brown color, spotted and striped with reddish-brown. Habitat—Sandwich Islands. *8. HELIX CAPILLATA, Pease. Description.—T. levis, tenuissima, planorboidea, late et pro- fundé umbilicata, radiatum costata, interstiis subtilissime, et -subflexuose striatus, striis volventibus, remotis, ornata; epi- dermide membranaceus induta; clathris setigeris insignis; anfr. 5, obtuso-carinatis, spira concava, sutura valde impressa; ad peripheriam rotundata; apertura subcircularis, rubro-casta- mea et straminea tessellata. Dimensions.—Diam. 5, alt. 2 mill. Shell very light, thin, planorboid, concave above, radiately ribbed, ribs numerous, rather small, their interstices very finely and somewhat flexuosely striated, also ornamented with re- mote revolving striz, which are most conspicuous on the pe- riphery and base; shell covered with a membranaceous epi- dermis, bearing radiating lines of stiff hairs ; whorls 5, obtusely carinated, suture deeply impressed, periphery broadly rounded, base obtusely carinate; umbilicus open and deep, comprising nearly one-half the diameter of the shell; aperture subcircular. Alternately and radiately banded with reddish-brown and light straw-color. Habitat—Sandwich Islands. OF CONCHOLOGY. 293 9. CARELIA OLIVACEA, Pease. Description —T. elongato-turrita; anfr. 8-9, plano-convexis, levis vel transversim obsolete liratis, anfr. ultimo, basi obtuse anculato; apertura parva, ovata; columella valde arcuata, ad basim oblique truncata; epidermide tenui viridescens olivacea induta; apertura fauce coerulescente, labro nigricans, colum- ella ad basim nigricante fusca. Interdum fascia albescens infra sutura circumdata. Dimensions —Long. 69, diam. 19 mill. Shell elongately turrited; whorls 8-9, flatly convex, smooth or obscurely ribbed transversely, the last roundly angulate at its base; aperture small, ovate, about one-fifth the length of the shell; columella strongly arched and obliquely truncate at base; covered with a greenish-olive epidermis, which often, after the death of the animal, darkens; the suture is sometimes margined with a white or light colored band, which is free of epidermis; aperture bluish, edge black, base of columella dark chestnut. Habitat.—Sandwich Islands. Note by the Eiditor—I have received from Mr, Pease the fol- lowing corrections to his paper on ‘“ Partule,” published in the last number of the Journal :— PARTULA FASCIATA, Pease,== P. GANYMEDES, Pfr. :—‘TI was misled by an error in locality.” In most cases, it will be no- ticed Mr. Pease does not acquiesce (nor do I) in the determi- nations, respecting the identity of his L'artule with species al- ready described by other authors, as determined by Mr. Cuming, and published in our first volume, p. 369, (from Proc. Zool. Soc.) PARTULA LUGUBRIS, Pease.-Already published in Proce. Zool. Society, London. 294 AMERICAN JOURNAL A WELL-ABUSED MOLLUSK. BY H. CROSSE. Translated from the ‘‘ Journal de Conchyliologie’’ for April, 1866, BY FRANK DAULTE, CINCINNATI, OHIO. The Poulp has ever been unfortunate in his relations with the human race. Fishermen hate him on account of the con- siderable quantity of small fishes, crustacea and mollusca de- stroyed by him, to their detriment. Instead of seeing in him a colleague,—a fisherman by trade like themselves, using but loyal means of competition, perfectly justifiable in such an era of commercial liberty as ours is,—they consider him ra- ther as a pirate, unworthy of mercy, who must be checked: and they lose no opportunity of capturing and destroying him. Moreover, during the bathing-season, they take a mischievous pleasure in relating, to inquisitive Parisians (and for them every bather is a Parisian, whether he comes from Carcassonne or Beunos Ayres) the most dreadful stories about this mol- lusk. If to this be added, that from Pliny to Denys de Mont- fort, the most boasting of modern naturalists, scores of au- thors have taken pleasure in reproducing, with exaggeration, the absurd tales concerning the Poulp in old popular tradi- tion, no wonder that so many persons fear almost as much as they do the shark, this cephalopod, whose odd organization, and his long arms furnished with sucking apparatus, renders him so odious to persons unacquainted with Natural History. Thus Denys de Montfort, in one of his works, after having related the story, as terrific as unlikely, of a gigantic Poulp, which folds its arms round a large ship, and threatens to carry her down in the abyss of the deep, adds, in corroboration of his tale, a plate representing this sad event, and more worthy of being displayed on a quack’s sign at a market show, than in the writings of a trustworthy naturalist. He then relates, in good earnest, the battles which he himself fought with Poulps in the neighborhood of Havre, and which he won only through his tried valor and the invaluable help of a huge bull- OF CONCHOLOGY. 295 dog, his companion in his daring expedition. God knows, however, if the Poulps of our coasts deserve such a bad name, and if their capture is attended with the least danger. We here appeal to the recollections of all naturalists who ever attempted this kind of fishing, and if we be allowed to mention our own personal experience, we can certify, that, at several points of the coast of the Mediterranean, as well as of the ocean, we have caught Poulps, and seen them caught, and that, in no case, the help of the police has ever been needed.* Nothing was wanting to these unfortunate creatures to lose their good name entirely, but to be patronized by modern literateurs. This has just been their fate. M. Victor Hugo does the Poulp the honor to devote to him a whole long chap- ter, in his new novel entitled “The Toilers of the Sea,” and it is not precisely to eulogize him. Had he been satisfied to vilify him as to his morals by representing him to be of a treacher- ous and hypocritical nature, and in pretending that this inver- tebrate is “jelly seasoned with hatred!” we should have sighed in silence on the fate of an ill-used mollusk, accompanied with antithesis and pathos; but as to-boot, he endows him physi- cally with an impossible, monstrous and unheard-of organiza- tion, which has never existed in like animals, we cannot help protesting, as a conchologist, against the lamentable encroach- ment on science by literateurs who are perfectly unacquainted with it, and who, therefore, speak about it like a blind man would of colors. We do not exaggerate, we trust our readers will believe us; however, they can judge for themselves. The author be- gins by criticising Lamarck, highly exalting Montfort, which may easily be understood, the one being, indeed, much less romantic than the other. He then compares the Poulp—which he calls “Pieuvre,” the vulgar name given to him by the fish- ermen of the islands of the Strait of Dover—with 17 animals which bear no resemblance whatever to him, thus affording the luxury of 17 of the strangest antithesis, of which we shall only transcribe a few, for the special benefit of savants. “The Bithus has pinchers, the Pieuvre has no pinchers; the Alouat has a twisting tail, the Pieuvre has no tail; the Lion has claws, the Pieuvre has no claws; the Eagle has a beak, the Pieuvre has no beak.” But yes, M. Victor Hugo, the Pieuvre has a beak, and a strong one, too, horny, sharp, moved by powerful muscles, and very similar to a reverted parrot’s beak. In taking it away from this poor creature, you deprive him of his means of subsistence. How otherwise do you suppose he could * The only really gigantic cephalopods, whose existence has been proved, do not belong to the genus Poulp, but are Decapods. 296 AMERICAN JOURNAL break open the caleareous covering of the crustacea and mol- lusea on which he feeds? Not, assuredly, with his sucking apparatus. You will probably have the kindness to lend him a nut-cracker! Further, we find the following delightful remarks, relating to the functions of nutrition of that animal: “The Pieuvre has but one opening in the centre of his radiz. Is this only hiatus the anus? Is it the mouth? It is both. The same opening performs both functions. It is entrance and outlet.” Further still we read: “Another second, and his mouth-anus was being apphed to Gilliatt’s chest. Gulliatt bleeding on the side, and having both arms entangled, was a dead man.” . . . What are you about, M. Victor Hugo? You give here the Poulp an organization as dirty as it is incorrect. All natu- ralists know very well that cephalopods have an anal orifice quite distinct from the buccal one, and which opens into the locomotive tube. It would have been easy for you to ascer- tain the fact, if, instead of consulting the ridiculous fables of Montfort, you had read some good work of one of the nume- rous naturalists who have written scientifically on the cepha- lopods, such as Cuvier, D’Orbigny, Vérany or Owen, for ex- ample. We must again, then, protest as energetically as at first, in the name of all those who understand aught about Natural Sciences. We would have a great many more such assertions to correct in this strange chapter, but it would lead us too far. Still the beotians of literature will not fail to praise it beyond measure, as well as the finest parts of the work. It is then, we believe, the duty of those who haye, al- though unassumingly, yet conscientiously, devoted their lives to the study of science, to point out and rectify such gross er- rors, much more dangerous when they emanate from so emi- nent a writer as M. Victor Hugo, than if they came from an obscure author. We must add, that, although this unlucky chapter is full of every kind of enormities, and of facts com- pletely false as to science, the paper of Paris which has the largest circulation, although not exactly the most intelligent, has seized with eagerness this opportunity (with that scent which characterizes it) to chose it precisely as a specimen of the work, and to transcribe it at full length, with the warmest eulogies. We see thereby that popular instruction is in good hands, and ina fair track asregarding Natural Sciences. M. Michelet, also a confused literateur in regard to science, had already drawn quite an amusing fanciful portrait of the Poulp; but, after that sketched by M. Victor Hugo, nothing more can be added. It is easy enough to make it more accurate; but to frame it more fantastically, would be almost an impossibility. OF CONCHOLOGY. 297 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF COLUMNA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. CoLtumMNA LEAI, Tryon.—Plate 20, fig. 1. Description —Shell elongate-fusiform, sinistral, smooth, some- what thick; whorls 6, obliquely revolving, increasing grad- ually and somewhat convex, but broadly flattened on the pe- riphery, which in the last whorl is somewhat impressed ; apex obtuse; suture crenate margined, not deep; aperture small, narrow-ovate, the labrum with a slight revolving white callus. Yellowish, with oblique zig-zag longitudinal brown stripes. Dimensions.—Length 66, diam. 19 mill.; length of aperture 23, width 9 mill. Habitat—Prince’s Isle, W. Coast of Africa, (Dr. J. Wilson, Wao: N..) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Isaac Lea. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Observations —But three species of this genus have been previously described—the typical one, C. flammea, Martyn, with which this has probably been confounded, ( eximia, Shuttleworth, and (. Haines, Pfeiffer. C. eximia, an inhabitant of Madagascar, is dextral, wants the longitudinal reddish-brown flames which ornament the other species, and in other respects differs so much, that, uniting to these points its geographical position, it may fairly be questioned whether it appertains at all to the genus Calumna. The other species—flammea, Hainesi, and Leai—are all sin- istral, and are inhabitants of Prince’s Island.* They resemble one another closely in coloration and markings, but differ in the following particulars:—jflammea and Leai are drawn-out species, with the whorls flattened in the middle, while Hainesi is a smaller shell, more conical, more convex, and with some- what angulate periphery. (. /lammea is at once distinguished * J take great pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. Lea, to whom I owe the opportunity of describing it. I have since found a specimen in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, sent by a London con- chologist, under the name of C. flammea. 298 AMERICAN JOURNAL from either of the others by its granulate surface, caused by the decussation of the irregular oblique growth-lines, by close, deeply impressed revolving strize; also by its flames of brown being narrower, more irregular, and by its much more promi- nent revolving tooth or rib on the columella. In Hainesi the brown flames are, perhaps, still broader than in Leai, but the great differences are in size and form, which I have endeavored to show in Plate 20, fig. 2, representing C7 Hainesi. This species, described in 1856 by Pfeiffer, is now, for the first time, figured. With regard to dimensions, the following are the measurements :-— Length. Diameter. OC. Hainesi, 44 mill. 17 mill. OPPO NTIUB EY LD! HF C. Hainesit is described by Pfeiffer from Cape Palmas, but T have before me several specimens, belonging to Mr. Lea’s cabinet, collected by Dr. J. Wilson at Prince’s Isle. OF CONCHOLOGY. 299 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF MELANIIDA: AND MELANOPID. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 1. MELANIA MINUTA, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 3. Description.—Elevated-conical, spire acute; whorls 7, very convex, slowly increasing in size; suture deeply impressed ; aperture small, ovate, well rounded below, columella incurved. Bright brown, obscurely strigate with red. Dimensions.—Height 8, diam. 3 mill. Habitat._-Tahiti, (Sr. Patricio Ma. Paz.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Sr. Paz, of Madrid, Spain. Observations——-This is one of the smallest species of the genus. Fortunately, many of the specimens communicated to me possess opercula, thus enabling me to decide positively the generic position. J/. minuta has been used by Dr. Brot as a substitute for Af exiqua, of Morelet, supposing the latter name to be pre-occupied by Mr. Conrad for a California species; but as I. exiqua, Conrad, does not belong to the genus Melania at all, Jf, exigua, Morelet, will stand, and I am at liberty to use the name minuta. 2. MELANIA OUALANENSIS, Pease MSS.t. 20, fig. 4. Description.— Shell elevated, conical, rather thick; spire elongate, apex truncate, suture deeply impressed; whorls 5, (remaining), covered with revolving close strive, and crossed by distinct distant plications, of which there are about twenty on the last whorl, becoming more prominent just below the su- ture; aperture moderate, narrow-ovate, rounded below. Dark horn-color, with narrow zig-zag red flames. Dimensions.—Height 28°5, diam. 12 mill. Habitat—Oualan I. (W. H. Pease.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Mr. Pease, of Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. 300 AMERICAN JOURNAL Observations—This species appears to be most nearly allied to M. perpinguis, Hinds, of Tahiti, from which it differs prin- cipally in the whorls being more convex, the plicze more dis- tant and prominent. 3. MELANIA PEASEI, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 5. Description.—Shell elevated, spire decorticated, with 8 whorls remaining, suture very slightly impressed; whorls flattened, slightly increasing, covered with faint revolving striz; aper- ture oval, well rounded below. Very dark chocolate-brown, with an infra-medial yellowish band, dark red within. Dimensions—Height (truncate) 23, diam. 9 mill. Habitat Fiji Isles, (Smithsonian Institution.) My Cabinet. Smithsonion Collection, Washington, D. C. Observations.—I have twice received this species, with printed label attached, from the Smithsonian Institution, the name be- ing determined by comparison with his types by the late Hugh Cuming, of London. It was first sent as perpinguis, Hinds, along with genuine examples of that species, from which it differs greatly; and afterwards as JZ. rudens, described by Mr. Reeve without locality, but inhabiting, as we have ascertained, Oregon. 4. Hemistnus Pazi, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 6. Description.—Clavate, smooth, thick; spire conical, apex obtuse, suture slightly impressed ; whorls 3 (remaining), flat- tened above, rapidly increasing, the last subangulate, and more convex below the periphery; aperture large, very slightly produced at base, labrum thickened, broadly appressed. Pol- ished horn-color; with irregular transverse short lines of red- brown, whitish within. Dimensions.—Length 20, diam. 13 mill. Habitat—Quito, (Sr. Patricio Ma. Paz.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Sr. Paz. Observations—This species is not nearly allied to any pre- viously described. Together with the following and H. Bin- neyt, published by me in the Journal of Conchology for 1865, it appears to form a peculiar group, readily distinguished from the well-known species of Brazil and the Orinocco River. OF CONCHOLOGY. 301 5. HEMISINUS SIMPLEX, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 7. Description—Narrowly conical, smooth, spire elevated, apex obtuse, suture scarcely impressed; whorls 5, rapidly increasing; aperture narrow-ovate, angulate at both ends, columella slight- ly thickened, body-whorl without callus. Light olive, bor- dered with yellow below the suture, and with perpendicular zig-zag red stripes. Dimensions.—Length 17, diam. 9 mill. Habitat— Quito, (Sr. Patricio Ma. Paz.) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Sr. Paz. Observations—More slender, and differently colored and marked from H. Pazi. The aperture is also different at the base. It isavery showy species, of which I have seen several specimens. 302 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SEPTIFER. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. SEPTIFER TRAUTWINEANA, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 8. Description —Shell mytiliform, obtusely angulate medially, and with a carina extending from the beak to the centre of the posterior basal margin; lines of growth irregular, rugose ; epidermis dark brown. Septum deeply sunken, with a longi- tudinal lamina under its posterior side. On the anterior mar- gin, near the beaks, one valve is produced into a tooth, which clasps into a sinuosity in the other. Dimensions.—Leneth 87, breadth 16, height 18 mill. Habitat—River San Juan, New Granada. Cabinet of Isaac Lea, LL.D. This large species was obtained by Mr. Trautwine in the River San Juan, a small stream, emptying into the Pacific in latitude 4°. Mr. Lea kindly communicated it to me for de- scription. OF CONCHOLOGY. 303 DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HELIX. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. Hetix BripGesi, Tryon.—t. 20, figs. 9-11. Description.—Discoidal; whorls 4, rather convex, striate, spire not elevated, suture deeply impressed; umbilicus wide and rather deep; aperture oval, small; lip not expanded. Light horn-color, with revolving brown bands, a narrow and then a broader one above the periphery, and three equi- distant below it, the one nearest the umbilicus indistinct. Dimensions.—Diameter 9, height 3 mill. Habitat.—Nicaragua, (Bridges.) My Cabinet. Observations.—I can find no species with which this is very closely allied, except Helix Chiapensis, which is, however, differently banded, and has a norrower umbilicus. Several other species of land and fluviatile shells, brought from Nica- ragua by the late lamented Bridges, remain to be determined, and some of them will probably prove to be new. 304 AMERICAN JOURNAL ON THE TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA OF THE GUANO ISLAND OF NAVASSA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. The minute island of Navassa, a mere speck upon the ocean, is over a hundred miles south of the eastern extremity of Cuba, nearly as far east of Jamaica, laying between it and Haiti—about fifty miles west of the latter. So extremely local is the distribution of the Terrestrial Mollusks of the West India Islands, that such complete isola- tion is the surest guarantee of its species being peculiar to it.* Until very recently, no species of shells were known to in- habit Navassa; but the introduction into the United States of ~ its rich guano, has made us better acquainted with its natural productions. To Mr. Eugene Gaussoin, Mining Engineer, of Baltimore, who recently visited the Island to report on its guano deposit, for the Navassa Company, science is indebted for the collec- tion of the following recent, as well as some fossil species of shells; and to my friends, Mr. Thomas Bland and Prof. F. V. Hayden, i am obliged for the opportunity of describing these very interesting new species. 1. HELIx GavssoInt, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 11. Description —Globosely depressed, smooth, rather thick ; spire depressed-conical, apex obtuse, suture moderately im- pressed; whorls 53, convex, increasing slowly, not deflected at the aperture; aperture small, semilunar, labrum sharp, not reflected, but much thickened at the base, and terminating in the centre of the base of the shell, where it is considerably impressed and dilated, covering the umbilicus. White, the spire a faint flesh-color, (denuded of epidermis.) Dimensions.—Diam. 9, alt. 6 mill. Only one specimen of this species is before me ; it is some- what related to the Cuban group to which H. melanocephalos, &c., pertain. * See Bland’s paper on the ‘‘ Geographical Distribution of the Land Shells which Inhabit the West Indies,”’ published in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, Vol. VII. OF CONCHOLOGY. 305 2. CHONDROPOMA NAVASSENSE, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 12. Description —Ovately turrited, moderately thick, slightly truncate, covered with numerous close, sharp revolving lines decussating the almost equally prominent ridges of growth, and becoming more distinct towards the base; sutures exca- vated and minutely crenate-margined; aperture suboval, the outer lip expanded, but not reflected, produced angulate above, and rounded angulate below, the labrum laying close on the body-whorl, and almost entirely covering the umbilicus. Light horn-color or nearly white (bleached ?) Dimensions.—Alt. 18 (truncated), diam. 12 mill. I have seen five specimens of this shell, of which one, from Prof. F. V. Hayden, appears to be fossil. Although no oper- cula were preserved, there is little doubt but that it belongs to the genus Chondropoma, a genus which is present both m Cuba and Haiti, but not represented in Jamaica, thus showing the alliance of the fauna of Navassa with those of the two former islands. 3. HELICINA CIRCUMLINEATA, Tryon.—t. 20, fig. 13. Description.—Hlevated, conical, apex mucronate; whorls 6, covered with close revolving lines, the last one having about twenty above the subangulate periphery, and smaller, closer lines on the base below it; lip slightly expanded and much thickened. White or somewhat flesh-colored (denuded). Dimensions.—Height 9, diam. 9 mill. Two specimens are before me, both evidently recent, al- though bleached, and destitute of opercula 306 AMERICAN JOURNAL MONOGRAPH OF THE TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSCA OF THE UNITED STATES. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. (Continued from p. 277.] Family HELICID/:. Shell depressed, or globosely elevated, strong, striate, with the epidermis colored, frequently banded, opaque, lip either margined within, or expanded, or appressed and reflected. Aperture sometimes toothed. - Animal snail-like, not so narrowly lengthened generally as in Helicellide. Buccal plate arcuate, thick, with transverse rounded ribs. Lingual dentition—Uncini and laterals the same in form, the former 1-2 dentate or notched irregularly, the latter 1 dentate. Subfamilies. Hyeromiuna&.—Shell not toothed, lip not reflected, some- times expanded, more or less thickened within the margin. MxrsoponTIn&.—WShell frequently toothed, lip broadly re- flected and appressed. HYGROMIIN 4b. Genera. * Umbilicate. 1. Hyeromta, Risso. Globosely depressed, not angulated, generally hirsute; whorls 5-7, convex; aperture round- ed or widely lunate; lip acute, slightly expanded and thickened within. Corneous, generally unicolored. Size small. Inhabits east of Rocky Mountains. 2. AguLAsJA, Albers. Depressed-conoidal, sometimes ob- scurely angulate; lip thickened within, encroaching a little on the umbilicus. Yellowish-brown, almost al- ways banded. Size large; surface malleate. Inhabits California and Oregon. OF CONCHOLOGY. 307 3. ARtonTA, Leach. Globosely turbinate; lip thickened within, expanded, dilated at the base so as nearly to cover the umbilicus. Color yellowish-brown, banded. Size large. Inhabits California and Oregon. 4, Potymita, Beck. Globosely turbinate; lip much thick- ened within; columella diagonal, much thickened, and frequently bearing a lamelliform or rounded tubercle ; umbilicus almost entirely covered. Shell large, thick, flesh-color, with generally several revolving bands of darker colors. Inhabits West Indies, Mexico, Southern California. ** Shell imperforate. 5. TACHEA, Leach. Shell imperforate, turbinate or de- pressed, upper whorls flattened, last one convex, de- scending obliquely to the mouth, which is obliquely semicircular; peristome expanded, within labiate, ex- panded and appressed into and completely covering the umbilicus. Size moderate. Yellowish, more or less numerously banded. Huropean, introduced into the seaports and islands of the Kastern States. 6. PomatrIA, Beck. Globular, large, last whorl very large, ventricose, deflexed at the aperture, which is orbicular- ly lunate; peristome slightly thickened within, reflexed and appressed over the umbilicus. Light horn-color, banded. Kuropean, introduced into the seaports of the Southern States and West Indies. HYGROMIA, Risso. The five species here united, evidently constitute two dis- tinct groups; the two first species being of Kuropean origin, while the other three belong to the Territories bordering on the Gulf of Mexico: yet we can find no characters of sufficient importance to justify their division into two generic groups. 308 AMERICAN JOURNAL HYGROMIA, Risso. 1. Hygromia rufescens, Pennant. Plate 5, figure 1. Depressed, subglobose, subangulate; spire depressed coni- cal; whorls 6, somewhat convex, brownish, the last with a white band on the angulate periphery ; not descending at the aperture, which is ovately lunar, shghtly reflected over the rather large umbilicus. Diam. 11, altitude 6 mill. Montreal, Canada East, (J. F. Whiteaves.) A common European species, introduced as above. ——____—. 2. Hygromia hispida, Linnzeus. Plate 5, figure 2. Rather depressed, moderately umbilicate, corneous, covered with short, hispid hairs; whorls 5-6, somewhat convex, nar- row, slowly increasing; aperture semilunar, labiate within. Diam. 10, altitude 5} mill. Canada, Nova Scotia, Massachusetts. (Introduced from Hurope.) H. porcina, Say, a species described, evidently, from imma- ture specimens, is now referred to this species. 3. Hygromia jejuna, Say. Plate 5, figure 3. Subglobose, spire prominent, suture impressed; whorls 5, the last ample, strie scarcely visible; mouth moderate, semi- circular; lip expanded, white, (the whorl grooved behind it,) internally ribbed or margined; umbilicus small, base of shell convex. Light yellow, sparingly hirsute. Diam. 8, height 6 mill. Georgia, Florida, Alabama. I agree with Messrs. Binney and Bland in regarding this spe- cies, described from immature specimens, by Say, as identical with H. Mobiliana, Lea. Mr. Lea states that H. Mobiliana has a reflected lip, which at first sight, mature specimens do appear to have, caused by the external constriction, and the great thick- ening within. OF CONCHOLOGY. 309 4. Hygromia Berlandieriana, Moricand. Plate 5, figure 4. Globose, spire elevated, prominent, suture deeply impressed ; whorls 5, well rounded, thin, translucent, scarcely striate, broadly rounded at periphery, contracted around the aperture ; lip much expanded, white, with a muck thickened internal margin; parietal wall sometimes with a deposit of callus; base rounded, umbilicus minute. White to yellowish-green, with sometimes a faint, narrow brown band above the periphery. Diam. 12, height 9 mill. Arkansas to Texas, Mexico. Judging from the figure of HZ. virginalis, Jan., published in Chemnitz “Conchylien Cabinet,” I do not agree with Binney in considering that species a synonym of Berlandieriana, but be- lieve it to = griseola. 5. Hygromia griseola, Pfeiffer. Plate 5, figure 5. Globosely depressed, spire convexly elevated; whorls 4-41, well rounded, slightly striate; aperture lunar, lip white, a little expanded; umbilicus very narrow. Light brown, with a darker band, bordered with white, above the periphery. Diam. 10, altitude 6 mill. Texas, Mexico, Guatemala. Smaller, more depressed, and differently colored from H. Berlandieriana. ee AGLAJA, Albers. This group includes most of the large, brilliantly colored Californian species, and is remarkably restricted, none of its members inhabiting east of the Rocky Mountains. Albers places most of those known to him in the genus Arionta, leaving only one—A. fidelis, in Aglaja.. An examination of the West Coast species of Arvonta, in Albers, shows that he has confoun- ded, in that genus, two distinct groups, of which, that contain- ing the more globose species, with nearly covered umbilicus, really pertains to it; while those that are turbinately depressed, belong to Aglaja. Very many of these shells have never been figured, and very little is known regarding them. I have sup- 310 AMERICAN JOURNAL plied figures from type specimens, wherever possible, and hope at a future time to be able to complete their illustration.* * Hirsute, subangulate at the periphery. t+ Nearly black, not banded. 1. Aglaja infumata, Gould. Plate 5, figure 6. Large, solid, depressed-trochiform, angulate at periphery, suture not much impressed; whorls 63, not very convex, closely irregularly rugose-striate, granulate and hirsute; aper- ture rhomboidal, lip very slightly thickened within, scarcely expanded; base convex, umbilicus narrow. Brown, nearly black; aperture shining, chocolate within. Diam. 37, height 16 mill. From Humboldt Bay to San Pablo Bay, Cal. tt Light brown, with a brown band, bordered with white on each side. 2. Aglaja Hillebrandi, Newcomb. Plate 5, figure 7. Depressed-trochiform; spire not much elevated, apex ob- tuse, suture moderate; whorls 6, very slightly convex, rather flattened, a little descending at the aperture, finely striate, hir- sute; periphery angulated; aperture widely lunate, lip ex- panded; reflected below, thickened within, umbilicus mode- rate. Yellowish horn-color, the periphery with a red band, bordered with white on either side. Diam. 22, height 9 mill. Tuolumne Co., Mariposa, California. * For particular information regarding the geographical distribution of the Californian Helices, see a paper by Dr. Wesley Newcomb, in American Journal of Conchology, i., p. 342, Oct., 1865. OF CONCHOLOGY. 311 ** Not hirsute, globosely turbinate. t+ Nearly black, with sometimes a red band. 3. Aglaja fidelis, Gray. Plate 5, figure 8. Subconical, moderately elevated ; spire depressed-trochiform ; whorls 7, rounded; suture distinct; surface thick, rugosely striate, with slight ‘impressed revolving striz; aperture ob- liquely semilunar, lip a little reflected “below, scarcely thick- ened within, partially covering the umbilicus. Light brown to black, with generally a narrow red band, chocolate within, lip pink, Diam. 37, height 20 mill. Oregon. t+ Reddish-ashen, not banded. 4. Aglaja anachoreta, W. G. Binney. Plate 5, figure 9. Orbicularly convex; spire elevated, conic, suture impressed ; whorls 6, granulated; aperture transversely rounded, lip thick- ened, slightly expanded, the extremities approaching, partly covering the umbilicus. Reddish-ashen, lip tinged with violet. Diam. 26, height 14 mill. California. Is this a variety of the following species? It is very like it in form, but has no band, ttt Yellowish-brown, with a narrow dark band. 5. Aglaja arrosa, Gould. Plate 5, figure 10. Globosly conic, spire elevated, suture not much impressed ; whorls 7, somewhat convex, declining a little at the aperture, ru- gosely striate, malleate, with indistinct revolving lines; aperture widely semilunar; lip narrowly expanded, a little reflected below; umbilicus partly covered. Brown, with a dark brown, nearly black band above the periphery, visible on the spire; light chocolate within. Diam. 35, height 20 mill. San Pablo Bay to Bay of Monterey, California. 312 AMERICAN JOURNAL 6. Aglaja exarata, Pfeiffer. Plate 5, figure 11. Depressed-conical; spire short, conical, apex acute; whorls 7, rugose, malleated, slightly convex, the last wide, slightly descending at the aperture; aperture oblique, widely lunar, lip a little thickened, white, a little reflected below; umbilicus moderate; brownish, with a chestnut band. Diam, 30, height 16 mill. California. Dr. Newcomb mentions a variety of a creamy-white color, without bands. 7. Aglaja Ayresiana, Newcomb. Rounded-trochiform; whorls 7, slowly increasing, convex, the first ones superiorly with many rib-like strie, and nume- rous spiral lines, deeply impressed; inferiorly pale, and with minute decussating striations; suture well marked; aperture roundly ovate; lip a little expanded; umbilicus partly closed. Yellowish-white, with a broad black band. Diam. 22, height 15 mill. Nootka Sound, Northern Oregon. 8. Aglaja Nickliniana, Lea. Plate 5, figure 12. Conic-globose, rather thin; spire elevated; whorls 6, mode- rately convex, the last ventricose, finely granulated, polished ; aperture rounded, forming two-thirds of a circle, lip a little expanded above, more so below; base depressed at centre, the umbilicus small and party covered by the ip. Light yellow- ish-brown, with a brown band. Diam. 21, height 18 mill. California. Dr. Newcomb believes H. redemita to be a variety of this species. OF CONCHOLOGY. 313 9. Aglaja Carpenterii, Newcomb. Roundly conical; apex obtuse; whorls 54, convex, strongly striated, with numerous fine spiral lines; suture well im- pressed; aperture circular, margins approaching; lip a little expanded; umbilicus open. Brownish, with an obscure dark band. Diam. 28, height 163 mill. Tulare Valley, California. Distinguished by its rounded aperture. *** Not hirsute, malleated, globosely depressed, not turbinate above. a. With a brown band. 10. Aglaja tudicolata, Binney. Plate 5, figure 13. Convexly orbicular; spire depressed-conic; whorls 5, a little convex; body large, expanding somewhat towards the aperture, obliquely wrinkled, malleated; aperture transverse, rather circular; lip a little expanded, reflected nearly, some- times entirely, over the small umbilicus; base convex. Light yellowish-green or brown, with a broad dark band above the periphery, margined with white. Band visible on the spire. Diam. 81, height 22 mill. California. 11. Aglaja Bridgesii, Newcomb. Depressed-globose; spire conical, suture well impressed, whorls 6, convex, plicately striate and minutely granulate; aperture round-lunate; lip expanded, reflected below, umbili- cate. Translucent, grayish horn-color, with a narrow brown band. Diam. 27, height 19 mill. San Pablo, California. Not solid, larger than ramentosa, Gould, spire more eleva- ted, darker in color, and less granulated. 314 AMERICAN JOURNAL 12. Aglaja mormonum, Pfeiffer. Plate 5, figure 14. Globosely depressed, thin, arcuately striate; spire slightly elevated; whorls 6, slightly convex, the last descending a little at the aperture; aperture obliquely lunar; lip white mar. gined, the extremities converging, expanded, reflected towards the base ; base convex, umbilicus moderate. Light reddish- brown, with a darker band above the periphery, margined with white. Diam. 29, height 123 mill. California. ee 13. Aglaja ramentosa, Gould. Plate 5, figure 15. Depressed-orbicular, thin, granulated; whorls 5}, the last a little obtusely angulated; aperture obliquely ovate-oblong ; lip white, slightly expanded above, reflected below; perforate. Brownish, with a peripherical band of dark brown, margined with white. Diam. 20, height 123 mill. California. According to Dr. Newcomb, (Am. Journ. Conch., 1. p. 344,) H. reticulata, Pfeiffer, is a synonym of this species. I have not seen an authentic specimen of H. reticulata, but give a figure copied from a wood-cut loaned to me by Thomas Bland, (Plate 6, fig. 18.) 14. Aglaja Traskii, Newcomb. Plate 5, figure 16. Depressed-globose, thin; spire subplanulate; whorls 6, the last not descending, with numerous microscopical interwo- ven striz; lip but little thickened. Pale corneous, somewhat pellucid, brown banded, within tinged with purple. Diam. 26, height 16 mill. Los Angelos, Cal., Santa Barbara. Differs from the following in its lighter substance and color, the lip not so much thickened, and the body-whorl not de- scending at the aperture. OF CONCHOLOGY. 315 15. Aglaja Dupetithouarsii, Deshayes. Plate 5, figure 17. Orbicularly convex, moderately thick, smooth or substriate ; spire obtusely conoidal; whorls 7-8, narrow, the last inflated ; aperture ovately semilunar, lip a little expanded; umbilicus moderate. Dark chocolate or light greenish when perfectly fresh, with a dark narrow band above the periphery, margined with white, band visible on the spire. Diam. 29, height 17 mill. Near Monterey, California. Closely allied to H. mormonum, but more elevated. 16. Aglaja rufocincta, Newcomb. Plate 6, figure 20. Depressed-globose, with impressed suture; whorls 6, the last not descending at the aperture, minutely decussately striate; aperture subrotund, lip expanded, columella not callous; um- bilicate. Horny, red banded, lip white. Diam. 17, height 10 mill. San Diego and I. Santa Catalina, Cal. 17. Aglaja Gabbii, Newcomb. Plate 6, figure 19. Depressed-globose ; spire convex, suture well impressed ; whorls 5, convex, the last descending; aperture suborbicular, lip white, expanded, umbilicus very small, partly covered. Pale corneous, with an indistinct brown band. Diam. 10, height 5 mill. San Clemente I., Cal. 316 AMERICAN JOURNAL tt Not banded. 18. Aglaja Rowellii, Newcomb. Depressed-globose; spire but little elevated, projecting at apex like a nipple, suture moderate; whorls 43, polished, very finely obliquely convex, the last large, descending at the aper- ture; aperture circular, lip thin, a little expanded, margins continued, adhering to the last whorl; umbilicus open. Opaque-white (bleached ?) Diam. 15, height 10 mill. Arizona. I have not seen this species, but doubt (from the descrip- tion) whether its affinities are with this group. ARIONTA, Leach. The American species are peculiar to Southern California and Northern Mexico. The typeof this genus, A.arbustorum, (as well as several other species,) is European, but the follow- ing are scarcely distinguishable from it, although so widely asunder in distribution. As already stated, many of the spe- cies placed in Arionta by Albers, really belong to Aglaja; H. bicincta, Pfeiffer, and H. Townsendiana, are also erroneously classed here by Albers. 1. Arionta Veitchii, Newcomb. Plate 5, figure 19. Subglobose; spire turbinate, elevated, suture not very dis- tinct; whorls 6, a little convex, the last very large, declining towards the aperture; rather thin, obliquely striate, and some- times a little spirally corrugated; aperture subcircular, lip a little expanded, and very slightly thickened, partly reflected over the narrow umbilicus; base of shell very convex. Yel- lowish-white, with numerous irregular, interrupted, revolving brown bands. Diam. 238, height 19 mill. Cerros Isle, Lower Cal. imag OF CONCHOLOGY. 317 2. Arionta Californiensis, Lea. Plate 5, figure 20. Subglobular, thin, transparent, slightly granulated and striate, shining; spire elevated; whorls 5, convex, the last very broad; aperture rather small, subcircular, lip slightly everted, thickened within, at the base more reflected, nearly covering the small umbilicus. Pale yellowish horn-color, mi- nutely flecked with pale spots, with a narrow brown, pale mar- gined band above the periphery. Diam. 18, height 15 mill. California. 3. Arionta Kelletti, Forbes. Plate 6, figure 1. Depressed-globose, thin, rugose-granulated; spire subtur- binate, suture moderate; whorls 6, a little convex, the last large and well rounded at base; aperture wide-lunate, lip ex- panded, partly covering the narrow umbilicus. Reddish- brown, with a darker band on the spire and a lighter one on the periphery of the last whorl. Diam. 22, height 19 mill. San Diego, Cal. 4. Arionta crebristriata, Newcomb. Plate 6, figure 2. - Moderately thick, depressed-globose; spire turbinate, suture well impressed ; whorls 5, a little convex, the last descending towards the aperture, with dense, strong, transverse and mi- nute, longitudinal striz; aperture rounded, lip either thin, acute, or thickeved within, its extremities approaching, some- times connected by a callus; umbilicus partly covered by the lip. Dark horn-color, obsoletely banded, livid within the aperture. Diam. 23, height 14-20 mill. San Clemente I., Cal. Variable in elevation, and in the thickening of the lip. Differs from Kellettz, Forbes, in sculpture. 318 AMERICAN JOURNAL # x % Mexican Species. 5. Arionta Rémondi, Tryon. Plate 5, fig. 18. Turbinately globose, very thin; whorls 4, scarcely striate, (punctate when viewed with a lens,) slightly convex, the last large, rounded; base convex; umbilicus narrow, with an an- gled margin; aperture obliquely semilunar, lip expanded. Light corneous, with a narrow brown band on the periphery, and above the suture on the spire. Diam. 17, height 12 mill. Cinaloa, near Mazatlan. 6. Arionta Humboldtiana, Valenciennes. Plate 6, figure 17. Ventricose, roughly irregularly striate and wrinkled, malle- ated ; spire small, acuminate; whorls 4, rapidly enlarging, the last very large; aperture oblique, large, lip expanded, its ex- tremities connected by a thin testaceous deposit; umbilicus partly covered. Grayish-white, with three rufous bands on and above the periphery. Diam. 37, height 28 mill. Mexico. I include this species because it was figured by Dr. Binney in his Terrestrial Mollusks, by error, as Pomatia aspersa. It does not even belong to the same genus, although placed there by Albers. . POLYMITA, Beck. This group includes, according to Albers, a large collection of West Indian species, to which we now add several Califor- nian forms. OF cONCHOLOGY. 319 1. Polymita Tryonii, Newcomb. Plate 6, figure 3. Solid, depressly globose; spire subturbinate, obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls 6, convex, with numerous minute re- volving lines; aperture rounded, lip scarcely expanded, thick- ened within; columella diagonal, with one or two obsolete tooth-like prominences; umbilicus narrow, covered. Ashy sky-blue above, mottled by streaks of brown, yellowish-white below, an indistinct brown band on the periphery. Diam. 25, height 19 mill. Santa Barbara and San Nicholas Isles, Cal. Var. Superior whorls with white transverse undulating lines. 2. Polymita intercisa, Wm. G. Binney. Plate 6, figure 4. Solid, globose-depressed; spire conic; whorls 5, slightly rounded, closely deeply striate, crossed by deep revolving lines ; aperture obliquely lunar, lp heavy, thickened, dirty white, the extremities connected by a heavy ash-colored callus; um- bilicus covered by the lip, which internally at the base is fur- nished with a tooth-like process or elevation. Grayish-yellow, with an obscure brown band. Diam. 22, height 15 mill. Oregon. ooo 3. Polymita areolata, Sowerby. Plate 6, figure 5. Globose-conie, thin, striate; spire depressed-conoidal; whorls 5, a little convex, the last slightly descending towards the aperture, large, inflated; aperture rounded lunate, lip thicken- ed within, columellar margin sometimes somewhat dentate, nearly covering the narrow umbilicus; base convex. Cream- color, ornamented with revolving series of interrupted brown lines, light brownish or reddish within. Diam. 26, height 18 mill. Oregon, California. 320 AMERICAN JOURNAL 4. Polymita redemita, Wm. G. Binney. Plate 6, figure 7. Globose-conic, rather thin, wrinkled, closely and minutely granulate; spire elevated, obtuse, suture impressed; whorls 6, convex, last quite large and rounded, depressed towards the aperture; aperture rather large, very oblique, lip reddish ash-color, thickened, ends approaching, entirely covering the umbilicus. Brown, banded with chestnut above the middle. Diam. 21, height 12 mill. California. Dr. Newcomb considers this a variety of Nickliniana, but it appears to me that it is distinguished by its closed umbilicus, as well as by texture and color. ———— 5. Polymita pandore, Forbes. Plate 6, figure 8. Depressed-globose, thin, wrinkled, minutely striate; whorls 5, the last descending towards the aperture; aperture round- ed, the lip thickened internally, expanded, dilated and reflected, covering the umbilicus. Brown or violet above, whitish be- neath, the periphery encircled by a brown band, brown within, with a white band. Diam. 17, height 14 mill. Santa Barbara, and Southern California. This species is smaller, but very closely allied to P. Tryonit. 6. Polymita levis, Pfeiffer. Plate 5, figure 21. Plate 6, figure 6. Globose, thin, obliquely striate, obsoletely granulate ; spire short; whorls 5, a little convex, the last inflated; aperture rounded-lunar, lip thickened within, sometimes subdentate on the columellar portion; umbilicus narrow, nearly covered by an expansion of the lip. White, varied by series of pellueid spots, sometimes running into stripes. Diam. 16, height 13 mill. Southern California. OF CONCHOLOGY. 321 Dr. Newcomb states that this species is not Californian or Oregonian, but belongs to a more southern fauna. I have specimens, however, referable to this species, received from Dr. Newcomb, from Bay of Monterey, Cal., as a variety of H. areolata. It is more orbicular than that species, the columella more distinctly tuberculate, and the surface more granulate. The first figure is a copy of that given by Pfeiffer, while the last represents a fresh and larger specimen. 7. Polymita varians, Menke. Plate 6, figures 9-13. Globose-conie, solid, smooth, shining, delicately striate; spire elevated-conic; whorls 53, convex, the last broadly rounded ; aperture small, two-thirds circular, lip expanded a little, thick- ened within, very nearly covering the umbilicus; base con- vex. White, greenish, reddish or brown, sometimes with black or white bands, one or more in number, disposed on different portions of the surface, apex and columellar part of the lip always rose-color. Diam. 17, height 15 mill. Florida. (From West Indies.) TACHEA, Leach. 1. Tachea hortensis, Miiller. Plate 6, figures 14, 15. Subglobose, smooth; spire conoidal; whorls 5, the last ven- tricose; aperture rounded-lunar, lip dilated, thickened within; base convex, imperforate. Yellowish, sometimes with one to five revolving dark brown bands. Diam. 19, height 16 mill. New England States near the sea, and Islands on the coast. (From Europe.) 322 AMERICAN JOURNAL POMATTA, Leach. 1. Pomatia aspersa, Miiller. Plate 6, figure 16. Subglobose, rather thin, coarsely and irregularly striate, finely striate and finely wrinkled and indented; spire obtuse ; whorls 4-5, moderately convex, rapidly increasing, the last very large and ventricose; aperture large, oblique, rounded- lunate, lip white, sharp, a little expanded, extremities con- nected by a thin callus; umbilicus covered; base very con- vex. Yellowish or brownish, with brown bands, crossed by narrow undulating flammules of yellow. Diam. 31, height 25 mill. At various places on the Coast, New Orleans, Charleston Maine, Nova Scotia. (From Kurope.) t OF CONCHOLOGY. HELICID/. SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO Ie rAatener 0: HYGROMIA. Fig. 1. H. nurescens, Pennant. British Zoology, fig. “ » 34, (1776.) H. nisprpA, Linnzus. Systema Nature, p. 1244, Edit. Gmel., (1790.) H. sesuNA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, ii, p. 158, (1821.) H. Mobiliana, Lea. Proc. Amer. Philosoph. Soce., i, p. 82, (1841.) Binney, Terrest. Moll, ii, p. 172, t. 42, fig. 2, (1851.) H. BERLANDIERIANA, Moricand. Memoires de Soc. de Histoire Nat. de Genéve, vi., p. 537, t. 1, fig. 1, (18338.) Binney, Terrest. Moll. 11, p. 109, t. 49, fig. Lisl) H. GRISEOLA, Pfeiffer. Symbolee ad Hist. Hel., i, p. 41, (1841.) . W.G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 50, t. 77, fig. 20, (1809.) H. albocincta et albozonata, Binney. 1. ¢. 1., p. 128, t. 2, (1851.) AGLAJA. 6. A. INFUMATA, Gould. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., v., p. 187, (1855.) Binney, |. ¢. iL, p. 18, (1857.) W.G. Binney, 1. c., t. 79, fig. 2, (1859.) A. HILLEBRANDI, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 115, (1864.) No. No. No. No. 4. No. No. No. 10. ihe 13. 14. 16 AMERICAN JOURNAL A. FIDELIS, Gray. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 67, (1834.) No. 8 W.G. Binney, |. c., p. 14, (1859.) H. Nuttalliana, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos.Soc., vi., p. 88, t. 23, fig. 74, (18389.) Binney, l. ¢. ii., p. 159, t. 18, (1851.) . A. ANACHORETA, W.G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix., p. 185, (1857.) No. Terr. Moll., iv., p. 11, t. 76, fig. 5, (1859.) A. ARROSA, Gould. W.G. Binney, l.c., p.15, t. 76, fig. 4, (1859.) No. HI, xruginosa, Gould. (Pre-oc.) Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., v., p. 187, (1855.) Binney, l. ¢. ii1., p. 12, (1857.) A. EXARATA, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon- don, p. 108, (1857.) No. W. G. Binney, 1. c., p.18, (1859.) A. AYRESIANA, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 108, (1861.) No. . A. NICKLINIANA, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi., p. 100, t. 28, fig. 84, (1839.) No. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 119, t. 6a, not plate 6, (1851.) W. G. Binney, l. c., p. 7, (1859.) A.CARPENTERU, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 108, (1861.) No. A. TUDICOLATA, Binney. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iv., p. 360, t. 20, (1842.) No. Binney, Terrest. Moll., i1., p. 118, t.16, (1851.) W. G. Binney, |. ¢., p. 7, (1859.) A. BripGEsiIl, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 91, (1861.) No. A. MORMONUM, Pfeiffer. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 109, (1857.) W.G. Binney, l.c., p. 15, t. 79, fig. 21, (1859.) . A. RAMENTOSA, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vi., p. 187, (1855.) No. Binney, 1. ¢. iii, p. 12, (1857.) A. TRASKII, Newcomb. Proc.California Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 91, (1861.) No. 10. 13. 14. OF OCONCHOLOGY. 895 Fig.17. A. DUPETITHOUARSII, Deshayes. Revue Zool, p. 360, (1839.) No. 15. Binney, 1. ¢. iii, p. 18, (1857.) W.G. Binney, 1. ¢., p. 15, t. 76, fig. 9, (1859.) H. Oregonensis, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi. p. 100, (1889.) (See also pl. 6, figs. 18, 19, 20.) ARIONTA. “18. A. Rimonpr, Tryon. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci- ences, Philadelphia, p. 281, t. 2, fig. 1, (1863.) No. 5. « 19. A. Veircuit, Newcomb, MS. No. 1. « 90. A. CALIFORNIENSIS, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi. p. 99, t. 28, fig. 79, (1839.) No. 2. Binney, l. ¢. ii., p. 121, t. 6, fig. 2, (1851.) H. vineta, Valenciennes, Voy. Venus Moll, t. Laie. 2: (See also pl. 6, figs. 1 et seq.) POLYMITA. 91. P. LEVIS, Pfeiffer. (See pl. 6, fig. 6.) no n~ HELICID A. SYNONYMY AND REFERENCE TO PLATE 6. ARIONTA. (Plate 5, figs. 18 et seq.) « 41, A Kewueri, Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., Lon- don, p. 55, t. 9, fig. 2, a. 6, (1850.) No. 3. W.G. Binney, l.c., p.17, t.76, fig. 12, (1859.) « 9 A. GREBRISTRIATA, Newcomb. Proc. Califor- nia Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 116, (1864.) No. 4. (See also fig. 17.) 326 AMERICAN JOURNAL POLYMITA. (See Plate 5. fig. 21.) Hig.3. P. Tryon, Newcomb. Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 116, (1864.) No. “ 4, P. INTERCISA, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix., p. 18, (1857.) No. W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv., p. 8, (1859.) H, Nickliniana, var. Binney, 1. ¢. ii, p. 120, t. 6, fig. 1, (middle,) (1851.) “ 5. P. AREOLATA, Sowerby. Pfeiffer, Zeitschrift fiir Malak., p. 154, (1845.) No. Binney, l. ¢. iii, p. 14, (1857.) WG) Binneyseiic., p. 0; wo, tle. Ml: (1859.) “ 6. P.LEvis, Pfeiffer. Zeitschrift fiir Mal. p. 152, (1845.) No. W.G. Binney, |.c., p. 18, t. 76, fig. 10, (1859.) “ 7, P. REDEMITA, Wm. G. Binney. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, ix. p. 183, (1857.) No. Wn. G. Binney, Terr. Moll. iv., p. 9, (1859.) H. Nickliniana, Lea, var. Binney, 1. ¢. iii, t. 6, fig, 1, except middle figure, (1857.) “8. P. PANDOR#, Forbes. Proc. Zool. Soc., London, p. 55, t. 9, fig. 8, a, b, (1850.) No. Binney, l. c., p. 15, (1857.) W.G. Binney, loc, p18) 4.426, fig..6, (16597) H. Damascenus, Gould. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vi., p-, 11, (4856. “ 9-13. P. VARIANS, Menke. Pfeiffer, Monog. Helice- orum Viv., 1. p. 238, (1848.) No. W.G. Binney, l.c., p. 51, t. 78, fig. 22, (1859.) HT. polychroa et rhodocheila, Binney, 1. c. ii., p. 128, t. 46, 47, (1851.) TACHEA. “14-15. T. HoRTENSIS, Miller. Hist. Vermium, i1., p. 07, (1774.) No. Binney, 1c; p. did, tac g18oi.) W.G. Binney, |. c., p. 51, (1859.) H. subglobosa, Binney. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1., p. 485, t. 17, (1837.) bo o9 OF CONCHOLOGY. ~ 327 POMATITA. Fig.16.P. AspeRSA, Miiller. Hist. Vermium, i. p. 59, (1774) No. Binney, Terr. Moll., ii., p. 116, (1851.) W.G. Binney, I.¢., p. 51, t. 77, fig. 4, (1859.) ARIONTA. (See figs. 1, 2.) “ 17. A. HumpouptiaANna, Valenciennes. Pfeiffer, Symbole, 1, p. 37, (1841.) No. H. Buffoniana, Pfeiffer. Zeit. fiir Malako- Zool, p. 152, (1845.) Binney, 1. c., p. 115, t. 48, (1851.) AGLAJA. (See Plate 5, figs. 6-17.) “ 18. A. RETICULATA, Pfeiffer. Malakozodl, Blatter, p. 87, (1857.) No W.G. Binney, |. c., p. 12, (1859.) “ 19, A. GABBiI, Newcomb. Proc, California Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 117, (1864.) ING: “20, A. RUFOCINCTA, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 117, (1864.) No. A.RoweE.uil, Newcomb. Proc. California Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 181, (1865.) No Cae iF £6: ; kOe 328 AMERICAN JOURNAL ON A SPECIES OF HELIX FROM CALIFORNIA, SUPPOSED TO BE NEW. BY WM. H. DALL, ACTING DIRECTOR SCI. CORPS, W. U. TELEGRAPH CO. RUSSIAN EXTENSION. HELIX (CONULUS) CHERSINELLA, n. sp.—Plate 21, fig. 4. Description—Shell small, somewhat elevated, smooth, ex- cept that the lines of growth are occasionally indented; um- bilicus minutely perforate; aperture semilunar and slightly oblique; whorls rotund, four and a half to five in number; suture impressed, not deep; lip not thickened or reflected. Color yellowish, translucent. Dimensions.—Maj. diam. 0°14 in., min. diam. 0°13 in., alt. (in type) 0:09 in. Locality.—“ Big Trees,” Calaveras Co., Cal. (Teste New- comb.) Cabinets of Newcomb, Smithsonian Institution, and Dall. Eight specimens. This small species has relations with Helix chersina, Say, and Helix indentata, Say. It resembles the former in its small size and many whorls, but differs in color and depressed spire, though sometimes al- most as acute. It is related to the latter in its color and in- dented lines of growth, but differs in its greater number of whorls and much smaller size, and in the proportional size of the last whorl. Jt has as many whorls as Helix arborea, Say, Whitney’, Newe., or Breweri, Newe., of three times the size, and is from a different locality than the two last mentioned. The rotundity of the whorls may well be noted. The localities of the smaller Helices which have been found west of the Rocky Mountains, are as follows:— H. Mazatlanica, Pfr. Mazatlan,? California. OF CONCHOLOGY. 329 HT. chersina, Say. Middle States, Northern States general- ly, (Auct,) Massachusetts ; Tllinois; Marquette, Mich- igan; Stuart’s Island, Norton Sound; Petropavlovsk, Kamschatka, (Dall.) Lake Tahoe, Cal, (J. G. Cooper.) Red River district, (R. Kennicott.) Mantchooria, (Mid- dendorf.) H. Whitneyi, Newe. Lake Tahoe, Cal., (Prof. Brewer.) H. Breweri, Newe. Lake Tahoe, Cal.; Northern Cal., (Prof. Brewer.) H, Duranti, Newce. Santa Barbara Island, Cal., (State Geol. Survey.) H. Cronkhitei, Newe. [? striatella, (west of Rocky Moun- tains,) Bld. non Anth.] Klamath Valley, Oregon, (Gabb and Cronkhite.) Haywards, Alameda Co.,, Cal, (var.,) (Rowell.) HI. conspecta, Bland. Near San Francisco, (J. G. Cooper.) HT, electrina, Gould. Petropavlovsk, Kamschatka, (Dall.) Red River, (Kennicott.) Illinois; Marquette, Michigan; Massachusetts, (Dall.) HT. chersinella, Dall, “Big Trees,” Calaveras Co., California, I am indebted to Dr. Wesley Newcomb for the privilege of describing this shell, which agrees with no other in his large and well- named collection, 330 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF LAND SHELLS FROM ARIZONA. BY W. M. GABB. Hetrx Hornit, Gabb.—Plate 21, fig. 5. Description —Shell small, openly umbilicate, depressed; cov- ered with an opaque brown epidermis, which, under the glass, shows minute oblique striations, and a few small, scattered hairs; whorls 43, the first 3} forming a very low, nearly flat spire, the last descending much more rapidly ; suture strongly marked, especially between the last and penultimate whorl; umbilicus occupying about a third of the inferior surface, in- distinctly perspective; aperture oblique, subdcircular; lip sim- ple, inner margins approximating. Dimensions.—Height ‘09 in., greatest diam. *16 in., smallest diam. °13 in. Locality.—Fort Grant, at the junction of the Arivapa and San Pedro Rivers, Arizona. Collected by Dr. G. H. Horn. Observations.—This pretty little shell is of nearly the same size as H. Cronkhitei, Newc., but can be distinguished by the opaque brown color, and, in very perfect specimens, by the presence of minute hairs; the whorls are proportionately a httle more elevated; the mouth a little more nearly circular; the apex is flattened, instead of being regularly conical; the last volution descends more rapidly than the others, instead of having the same angle as the preceding ones, and, finally, it wants entirely the strong, cross sculpture so characteristic of Dr. Newcomb’s species. Dr. Horn also found at the same locality a very fine speci- men of H. strigosa, Gld., the largest specimen I have seen of the species. Besides these were two or three specimens of H. minuscula. OF CONCHOLOGY. 331 PupaA (MopIcELLA) ARIZONENSIS, Gabb.—Plate 21, fig. 6. Description.—Shell small, resembling P. marginata, Say, (P. fallax, Gid.,) but more robust, sides more parallel, and apex more convex; imperforate, fusiform ; sides diverging convexly from the apex, afterwards becoming more nearly parallel; whorls 53, convex; suture deeply impressed ; lines of growth barely visible with a lens; color light horn, shining, shell translucent ; aperture suboval, edentate ; lip thickened, strong- ly reflected, white, opaque, acute externally, not constricted behind the reflexion; peristome not continuous on the body whorl; a slight emargination exists on the inner edge of the peristome, near the posterior end of the outer lip. Dimensions—Height -18 in., width of body whorl -09 in, length of aperture ‘06 in. Locality.— W ith the preceding. (Dr. Horn.) Observations.—This shell resembles more nearly, P. margt- nata, Say, than P. modica, with which it is also related, but can be distinguished from both by its more truly Pupoid shape, by the mouth being more distinctly angulated near the poste- rior end of the outer lip, and by the peculiar emargination of the internal edge of the peristome. PuPA HORDACEA, Gabb.—Plate 21, fig. 7. Description—Shell very small, cylindrical; apex obtuse; whorls 6, convex; suture well impressed, smooth, thin, horn- color; aperture small, rounded below, unarmed, lip narrowly reflected and white; base umbilicate, the umbilicus bounded by an angle. Dimensions.—Length ‘11, width :04 inch. Locality,—W ith the preceding. . 332 AMERICAN JOURNAL ON THE ACMAIDA OF THE VANCOUVER AND CALIFORNIAN PROVINCE. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D. Genus ACM AA, Esch. The ordinary Acmeids of the Californian and Northern shores divide themselves into the following principal groups:— if, Patina.—Normal shape; often smooth, but, when well developed, with very fine, sharp, distant striz; black, or tes- selated with olive-brown; margin moderate. 2. Pelta.—Similar shape; not striated; with faint swelling ribs, sometimes nearly obsolete; margin narrow. 3. Persona.—Apex pointed forwards; generally with obtuse ribs, and dome-shaped; sometimes spreading, with faint rib- lets. 4. Spectrum.—Apex somewhat anterior; not dome-shaped; with very strong, close, rounded ribs. 5. Scabra.—Shape of patina, with close, nodulous strie. There are numerous intermediate forms, even between these clearly-defined groups; and in each, special forms are devel- oped, which have been regarded as distinct species. Until the animals of these shall have been proved to present clear marks of separation, they must be regarded as simply the ac- cidents of growth. ACM#HA PATINA, Esch. (For synonymy, vide Maz. Cat. and Br. Assoc. Reports, in locis.) This species having been first described from dwarfed Northern specimens, it could only be recognized, along with the other Sitcha limpets, by the judgments of Philippi, Mid- dendorff, and others, who had seen the shells; and by the use- ful axiom, that when authors describe the species of a partic- ular locality, they mean the shells known to inhabit that lo- OF CONCHOLOGY, 333 eality. As the (figured) descriptions of Eschscholtz were very accurate for that time, it is considered that they deserve pre- cedence, especially as the genus was constituted from them. The Nuttallian limpets, as well as Chitons, were not de- scribed in Conrad’s paper; whether because the author re- garded them as identical with the similar forms from other seas, or because their determination is somewhat difficult, is not stated. However, Prof. Nuttall freely distributed his nu- merous specimens through the principal American and English collections, under well-chosen names for the principal forms. Although these names are of no authority in literature, having been first published, without descriptions, in Jay’s Catalogue, it would have saved much confusion if they had been adopted, in preference to new ones, by American authors, as they were by English. Such a mark of courtesy would have been at least a graceful compliment from a pupil to a venerated teacher. However, both the Nuttallian names, when descrip- tions were at last published by Reeve, and those of Gould, must give place to the prior designations of Kschscholtz, al- though some of them may be conveniently retained for va- rieties. The Gouldian species do not appear to have been noticed, or, at any rate, were not understood by Mr. Reeve, who, in his Monograph, described almost all the supposed species of Nuttall, from the Cumingian collection, adding some others of his own. The plates and extended descriptions of Dr. Gould’s shells, in the Exploring Expedition Mollusca, were scarcely known in Europe till many years after their publica- tion. In fact, the work was not accessible in the Smithsonian Institution in 1859; and it was only by special favor that I then obtained a proof copy of the plates, and borrowed the quarto volume from a friend, in order to work-up the Ex- ploring Expedition collections. At that time Dr. I. Lea had not been able to find a copy in Philadelphia, nor to see Dr. Gould’s type specimens of Unionide. It is very greatly to be regretted that the works published by Government are not at once allowed to enter the regular markets, and are not sent as soon as published to the principal libraries of science. Most of all shells, it is necessary that limpets be studied geographically. What differences may exist in the animals, we do not as yet know; but, though normal specimens may carry their specific marks along with them, there are every- where, and especially in the different sections of the West American Coast, so many unconformable specimens which closely resemble distant species, that the naming of limpets in a mixed assemblage can never be performed with confidence. 334 AMERICAN JOURNAL Having critically examined, with the greatest care and micro- scopical analysis, at least 20,000 Western North American lim- pets, my conclusions will not be regarded as hasty, though they will, doubtless, often prove to be erroneous. A. patina, the standard Northern limpet of the W. Coast, was described by Dr. Gould as Lottia pintadina, with the accuracy* and enlarged discrimination which characterize all his writings, and make them to the student so refreshing a contrast to the careless diagnoses of many authors. The following are the principal varieties :— Var. a. pintadina. The analogue of the N. Atlantic A. tes- tudinalis, and of the Gulf A. mesoleuca. Large, flat, open. Apex subcentral. Color tesselated with white and ashy- brown olive, in various proportions. Inside, the shell is gen- erally of porcelainous white, with a squarely tesselated border, in which sometimes the light, sometimes the dark predomi- nates. This variety includes A. tesselata, Nutt., and diaphana, Nutt., (but not A.diaphana, Rve., which=A.mesoleuca;) also A. verriculata, Rve. It is known from A. mesoleuca by the pre- vailing ashy and white, rather than green, tinge; and also, as well as from A. testudinalis, by the very fine, sharply raised, distant strize, with interspaces very wide in proportion. The “spectrum” is sometimes dark, sometimes light brown, with indistinct outline, sometimes with a few light spots, or nearly white. In the Southern specimens, the white sometimes changes to a rich tortoise-shell. Var. 0. strigillata: (= A. strigillata, Nutt., pars: pars= A. pelta, jun.) Part of the shells thus grouped by Gould, “ mar- ginal rim narrower,” may also be A. pelta, jun. The colors run into stripes, radiating and bifurcating. Under ordinary circumstances, this variety is not so elevated as A. pelia ; has not its faint, swelling ribs; but displays, instead, the typical, sharp, distant striz; and has a wider margin: but young shells, with the outside abraded, are very difficult to determine or to separate from A. strigatella of Cape St. Lucas; q. v. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Var. c. Cumingii. (+A. mamillata, Nutt. non Esch. nec Mus. Cuming hodie:+ A. fenestrata, Nutt.+ A. verriculata, Rve. +A. cinis, Rve.:==A. scutum, Esch., ?non D’Orb.) In this group, the shell is more raised and pointed anteriorly, with a broad black margin. The fine large shells are A. Cumingii, Rve., from “ Valparaiso, Cuming ;” but Mr. C. expressly stated * Unfortunately, the ‘‘deep emerald green”’ of the descriptions seems to have been added from the Gulf species, A. mesoleuca, specimens of which, along with varieties of A. patina, were sent to me by Dr. Gould, as representing his pintadina. %. OF CONCHOLOGY. 335 to me that he never took it, nor have I ever seen black limpets of that size in any authentic South American collection. Small- er shells of the same aspect are, however, undoubtedly South American, being described by D’Orbigny under the name of A. scutum, as of Eschscholtz, and occurring, in tolerable abund- ance, in the United States Exploring Expedition Chilian and Patagonian collections. These go through the usual Northern changes of form from scutoid to patinoid; are more or less spotted; and vary in sculpture. Normally they have closer strie, as in A. testudinalis; but fresh specimens are often nearly smooth, and in others (especially the flatter specimens) the striz become further apart, and would not be recognized as distinct from A. patina in a mixed collection. It will save confusion to retain D’Orbigny’s name, as A.scutwm, D’Orb., for the South Americans; and to distinguish the Northern black varieties of patina as Cumingii, that being the name given to the most characteristic forms. The A. cantharus, Rve., (Cape of Good Hope, Archer, certissime: “Guacomayo,” Mus. Smithso- nian,) can scarcely be distinguished from the flattened South Americans. The A. mamillata of Nuttall is the young state of Cum- ingii, somewhat conical and arched; but the A. mamzllata of Eschscholtz is a var.of Scurria mitra, testibus Philippi, Midden- dorff; while the shells now called mamillata in Mus. Cuming, as of Rve., are the black var. (limatula) of A. scabra, Nutt. The shells quoted by Dr. Gould under pintadina, p. 352, from the Boston Cab. A. N.S. are also probably A. scadra, Nutt., which is always known from A. patina by the rough striation. A very pretty modification of the Cumingii type is verricu- lata, Reeve, of which fenestrata, Nutt., is the young. In this, the color-pattern 1s in a minute network, as in some vars. of persona. In A.cinis, Reeve, the same pattern is changing into the streaked varieties. A. patina, var. d., is internally almost always dark in the spectrum, with white sides. But sometimes there are concen- tric zones of dark, alternating with the white, in which state it is the “A. cribraria,” Gld., ms., a very worn specimen of which was “purchased at the Sandwich Islands” by the omnivorous naturalists of the United States Exploring Expedition. Some- times the spectrum is well defined, nearly black; and the sides are dark brown. The intermediate forms and shades between the vars. Cumingii and pintadina are very common. Sometimes the marginal edge grows light, with a dark belt inside; or the dark becomes more or less spotted. The out- side almost always displays more or less of spots, generally in very small pattern. 336 AMERICAN JOURNAL Occasionally, almost the whole color of A. patina fades away, and the shell developes the pinkish tinge of A. rosacea; of this variety, a strangely distorted specimen is in the Mus. Smithsonian. Sometimes the animal appears to perish from atrophy, margin within margin appearing at the edge. The young shell is much flatter than that of A. pelta; nor- mally it has the apex very anterior, and the striz appearing at an early age. ACMHA PELTA, Hsch. Zool. Atl., Pt. 5, p.19.== P. fimbriata, Gld= P. leucophea, (Nutt.) Rve. Junior=P. monticola, Nutt., pars+P. strigtllata, Nutt., pars. Var. ?=A. cassis, Esch. loc. cit. p. 19. “Sitcha.” This species, when in good condition, is easily recognized by its regular conical form, narrow margin, and faint, irregu- lar, bulging ribs; but it is generally decorticated, and often subject to remarkable variations of growth. Normally it is painted with brown-olive, passing into black, in radiating streaks (more or less broken-up into patches), which are deep- est, tesselating the inner margin, between the ribs. Some- times the ribs are strong and crowded from the commence- ment; (in which state it may be the A. cassis, Eschscholtz, if from Sticha, as stated;) the shell then appearing, externally, exactly like Patella deaurata, from Cape Horn. One of the specimens sent to the Smithsonian Institution from the Cali- fornia Academy actually belongs to that species, as do also specimens brought to the British Museum, as from Vancouver Island, by the British North Pacific Boundary Survey. No doubt they really came from South America, and are easily distinguished from all varieties of Northern limpets by the rich metallic lustre of the inner surface. But sometimes the ribs are nearly obsolete in the adolescent shell, only faintly developing near the adult margin. Sometimes they fade away, leaving nothing but blunt striz. The shell is then known from the conical variety of A. patina by the narrow internal margin, and (if perfect) by the non-striated upper portion. Very rarely the shell loses its color, as well as its ribs, when it closely resembles Scurria mitra; it can be distin- guished, however, by its thin texture, and by some indication of color or of striz in at least some portion of the surface. The smoothness of the adolescent shell, as well as the dull color, in which stripes prevail, is usually a good discrimi- nating guide. In its first stage, like the other species, the shell resembles a minute horny Ancylus, with the apex near the margin. As the shell grows, the apex gradually ap. OF CONCHOLOGY. 337 roaches the central portion. When about one-fourth of an inch long, the shell is usually of an orange-yellow, with two conspicuous brown rays, others also appearing; non-rayed specimens are, however, common. In its early adolescence, irregular decorticated shells are the A. monticola of Nutt., ms.; some specimens not being distinguishable internally from Lotta onychina, Gld. This, however, is rightly assigned to Rio Ja- neiro, being identical with cl = =} 2 i=} aS } 3 2 = i Or & eee ap iS & a < ‘=| S [on] 3s o Ss e 3 3 o iS) 5 iss) a * Kr ¥% * x x * * x x XX *X * yx RX South America. OF CONCHOLOGY. HELICEA. East. N. Amer. Pelian All bin sscuscscticesevtiesarcriess spirulata, Pfr. Ophiogyra, Beck. .sscc) v.ssesees polygyrata, Born. Poly gyra, Say. -cccoors serecseee ** auriculata, Say- Htemotrema Hats ccesciecsecsecs o spinosa, Lea. Triodopsis, Raf... ........0s sesee. ** palliata, Say. Mesodomi Rati) .cccsssccccssas eve albolabris, Say. Acanthinula, Beck. ............* harpa, Say. VialloniaswRissOl.cc:cssesscsevcese™ pulchella, Mull. Fruticicola, Held: .c.ccsse- woos. hispida, L. Aglaia, Alb. ...... asclevesi jescase Ghiesbreghti, Nyst. Uy CaM pte cavqce 225 veeren nance Bonplandi, Lam. Arionta, Leach: ..ccceve. s a= HK %x KK a P. Rieo, subpro. pe, §.p. * Guadelou * * South America. KX EX HX RX x* * KE xX xX * *X KE ** * HX OF CONCHOLOGY. HELICEA, AcHATINA, Lam. Liguus, Mont. w.rcccee coseee ses virginea, L. D. ORTHALICEA. BULIMULUS. Otostomus ...... auris leporis, Brug. Drymaeus, Alb........... sooece Knorri, Pfr. NGIOSHEACUSS AUD nccscescalacasosiese vittatus, Spix. PANACEA beee) ice cesceslccnsses leesase anchistomus, Wagn. Mesembrinus, Alb. ....... eatiee elongatus, Bolt. 000080 Poeece seece ° East. N. Amer. * Thaumastus, Alb....... sersceees * exilis, Gm. Mormus, Alb........... SEADOO papyraceus, Mawe. PCMUANUB) AID) hortensis, Miill. 321 ” Berlandieriana, M. 309 ” Hubbardi, Brown, 259 ”? bilineata, Pfr. 253 ” Humboldtiana, Val. 318 Binneyana, Morse, 252 Brewerii, N. 250, 329 Bridgesii, Tryon, 303 Bridgesii, Newe. 313 caduon: Pfr. 248 Californiensis,L. 13,317 capillata, Pease, 292 capsella, Gld. 252 Carpenterii, Newe. 313 cellaria, Mill. 249 cerinoidea, Anth. 255 chersina, Say, 256, 829 chersinella, Dall. 328 concava, Say, 245 conspecta, B. 265, 329 Cooperii, W. G. B. 260 crebristriata, Newe. 317 Cronkhitei, N. 265, 329 Cumberlandiana, L. 262 decussatula, Pease, 291 demissa, Binney, 255 distans, Pease, 290 Dupetithouarsii, D. 315 Durantii, N. 263, 329 Elliottii, Redf. 246 exarata, Pfr. 312 exigua, Stimp. 265 Fabricii, Beck, 256 Febigeri, Bld. 373 ferrea, Morse, 253 fidelis, Gray, 311 friabilis, W. G. B. 247 frivola, Pease, 290 fuliginosa, Griff. 248 fulva, Drap. 13 Gabbii, Newe. 315 Gaussoini, Tryon, 304 griseola, Pfr. 309 gularis, Say, 257 Gundlachi, Pfr. 256 Hillebrandi, Newe. 310 Idahoensis,N. 1, 13, 260 incrustata, Poey, 265 indentata, Say, 246 infumata, Gld. 310 inornata, Say, 249 intercisa, W. G. B. 319 interna, Say, 258 intertexta, Binn. 254 Jacksonii, Bld. 371 jejuna, Say, 308 Kelletti, Forbes, 317 kopnodes, W. G. B. 248 labyrinthica, Say, 259 laminata, Pease, 292 lasmodon, Phil. 25T leevigata, Pfr. 247 leevis, Pfr. 320 ligera, Say, 255 limatula, Ward, 264 lineata, Say, 264 lucubrata, Pfr. 247 Mazatlanica, Pfr. 266 millium, Morse, 265 minuscula, B. 13, 264 minutissima, Lea, 257 -mormonum, Pfr. 314 multidentata, B. 258 Newberryana, W. G. Binn. 244 Nickliniana, Pfr., 312 nitida, Miill. 250 ottonis, Pfr. 251 Oualanensis, Pease, 289 pandore, Forbes, 320 perspectiva, Say, 262 ramentosa, Gld. 314 redemita, W. G. B. 320 Rémondi, Tryon, 318 Rowellii, Newe. 316 rufa, DeKay, 53 rufescens, Pennant, 308 392 INDEX. Page. Helix rufocincta, Newe. 315 ‘“¢ rugata, Pease, 291 ‘* sculptilis, Bland, 249 ‘¢ significans, Bld. 372 ‘“< golitaria, Say, 260 ‘* sportella, Glid. 245 “} striatellavAmths “262 ‘* strigosa, Gould, 13, 261 ‘* suppressa, Say, 258 subplana, Binn. 250 thyroides, Say, 53 ‘* Townsendiana, Lea, 13 ‘¢ Traskii, Newe. 314 “¢ Tryonii, Newe. 319 “* tudiculata, B. 13, 813 Vancouverensis, L. 245 ‘¢ varians, Menke, 321 ‘¢ Veitchii, Newe. 316 ‘¢ venosus, Pease, 290 “¢ Vortex, (Pir. 252 “¢ Voyana, Newcomb, 256 ‘© Whitneyi, N. 268, 329 “© gonites, Pfr. 253 Hemisinus Binneyi, T. 8 : Pazi, Tryon, 3800 ke sumplex,T. 301 Hercoglossa, Con. DOL Lacunaria, Con. (OK Lepeta ccecoides, Carp. 347 Leptonotis, Con. 76 Lithophaga subalveata, C. 738 Lobifera, Pease, 206 tip nig ricans, PF. #206 7, “papillosage.. 206 Lottia gigantia, Gray, 348 Lucina lintea, Con. 281 Lymnea Cubensis, Bir sedi HH macrostoma, Say, L1 a Shurtleffii, “ne Tell ay Wilsonu, Tryon, 11 Macoma virginiana, Con. 76 Megaspira, Lea, 64 Melania, see Angitrema. Kurycelon. Goniobasis. Pleurocera. Page. Melania Balonnensis, C. 30 uy minuta, Tryon, 299 ye Ouakanenae P. 299 is Peasei, Tryon, 300 preemordica, T’. 111 i tetrica, Con. 80 Mercenaria obtusa, Con. 104 Mysia parilis, C. galt Nassa integra, Con. 65 i ” var. ovata, Con. 65 Marylandica, Con. 65 quadrata, Con. 65 subcylindracea, C. 65 Nautilus, perforatus, C. 101 Niso lineata, Con. 69 Orthonota, Con. 103 Paludina scalaris, Jay, 114 Partula bilineata, Pease, 201 & citrina, Pease, 195 compacta, Pease, 200 erassilams al. 19 elongata, Pease, 196 ” fasciata, P.202;293 fusca, Pease, 193 eracilis, Pease, | “107 ovalis, Pease, 194 rustica, Pease, 190 simulans, Pease, 202 solida, Pease, 198 ” striolata, Pease, 197 trilineata, Pease, 195 umbilcata, Pease, 200 variabilis, Pease, 203 vexillum, Pease, 198 ” ” ” ” _-vittata, Pease, 194 Periploma alta, Con. 70 z fragilis, Tott. 106 ” papyracea, 281 Physa acutispira, Tryon, 9 Australiana, Con. 81 brevispira, Lea, ii coniformis, Tryon, 6 Grosvenorii, Lea, 7 gymima, pay, (114 Hainesii, 'ryon, 9 ” » antegra, Hald. if Physa Niagarensis, Lea, 7 ” — oleacea, Tryon, 6 parva, Lea, 7 pectorosa, Con. 81 id 78 fi 7 ” ” — pomilia, Con. 2 ” Whitei, Lea, Planorbis Berendtii, Tr. 10 ” picarinatus, Say, 3 circumstriatus, Tryon, 113 Esperanzensis, T.10 ”? ” Plectosolen. Con. 103 Pleurocera bicinctum, Tr. 4 Pseudoeardia, Con. 108 Pupa Arizonensis, Gabb, 331 ~~ hordacea, Gabo, ~ 331 Rissoa exilis, Tryon, 12 Saxicava parilis, Con. 70 Septifer Trautwineana, T. 302 Scurria funiculata, Carp. 347 “mitra, Esch. 345 Spirialis Flemingii, 182 Spissula capillaria, Con. 71 Stenodorus, Pease, 205 a rubra, Pse. 205 Succinea aurea, Lea, 241 “ avara, Say, 238 vc campestris, Say, 231 “ eingulata, Fbs. 241 concordialis, Gs 239 “ DeCampn, Try. 23 “ effusa, Shutt. 231 Forsheyi, Lea, 239 “ Gabbu, Tryon, 234 “ Greerii, Tryon, 232 “ Greenlandica, B.234 “ Grosvenorli, L. 282 «“ Haleana, Lea, 241 “« — Hawkensui, Bld. ae « — Haydeni, W. G.B28 ‘ Higginsi, Bld. 237, Bie sXe 393 ; Page. Succinea inflata, Lea, 230 ‘S11 lineata, WG: Bageo ~ luteola. Gids 239 Mooresiana, Lea ae “ Nuttalliana, L. 238 obliqua, Say, 232 Oregonensis, L. 235 “ ovalis, Gld. 237 *_ -retusa,, Lea, 238 “~ rusticana, Gld_ 236 )Salleana! Ptr: 220 “ Sillimani, Bld. 236 > Pe eStretchiana, B. Jak * Yotteniana, L. 230 unicolor, Tryon, 230 oe Nerillt, Bland, 254 vermeta, May, ). 2a8 Wardiana, Lea, 233 oS Wrlsonir, Lea, 238 Tellina capillifera, Cons a “rae peracuta) Con: fal Tampaensis, Con. 281 Terebratulina filosa,C. 77, 105 Thracia myeformis, Con. 70 ce Tifata longidens, Con. 69 Tridacna elongata, Lam. 179 Unio depygis, Con. 107 ‘« fontanus, Con. 279 ‘““ opalinus, Anth. 146 ‘“( prasinatus, Con. 279 ‘uber, Con. 279 Venilia, Morton, 103 Vitrina AnX sliexe, Beck, 243 ¢ limpida, Gld. 248 “ Pfeiffern, Newe. 244 Vivipara genicula, Con. 278 a sublineata, Con. 79 suprafasciata, T. 8 a Waltoni, T. 108 Volutifusus, Con. 66 it typus, Con. 67 co American Jomrnal of Conchology. PUBLISHED Q UARTERLY. Yearly Volume 400 pp., with 25 to 30 Colored and Plain Plates and Portraits. SUBSCRIPTIONS IN ADVANCE, Tren DOLLARS PER ANNUM. The work will be sent throughout the United States, post-paid, after payment of the yearly subscription. Single Numbers for sale at Three Dollars each. A limited number of copies of Vols. I. and II. may be had at the same price, to those who are subscribers to the Third Volume; to others the price will be $12; and the price of each subsequent volume will be ad- vanced, on its completion, to $12, except to regular subscribers. Subscriptions may be addressed either to the Editor, GzrorGE W. Tryon, JRr., 625 Market Street, Philadelphia, or to the follow- ing Agents for the Journal : New Yor«k: Bailliere Brothers, No. 520 Broadway. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. Lonpon: Trubner & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row. Paris: J. B. Bailliere et Fils, Rue Hautefeuille. Manprip: C. Bailly-Bailliere, Calle del Principe. Beruin: Asher & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. (PO, address)_._. Ate tae Uihet >) elS6 70 ee A ON A eee AR late oe te NES Knter my name on the Subscription List for 1). copies of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, Yor the year 1867 and thereafter, until I order it to be discon- tinued. AmericanJournalof Conchology 1866, Plate 20. kig.1. Columna Lear, Tryon, o ” oi} -. By 4, Di. + Fig. 7. Henvisuiss simplex Tivo. Hainest,, Preitter. Melania Maata, Tryon. Oualanensis, lease. Peaset.Tr-von . 6. Hemisinus Paxe, Tryon. wen k& Co. lh . 6. Septiter Trautwineana 910 Helix Bridgesv, se eel . Gaussqm i » 2. Chondropoma Navassense ,. . 3. Hebcina ctreumlineata ., Yol Phi j ol Fntiada American.Journalof Concholosy L866, Plate 21. Gc (yee ee, : ary Fig 1. Helix owalanensis, Tease. Fig 6. Pupa arisonensts, Gabb. 2 venosa . Bs sf ay) Ondacear, 2p oF frivola. Ap . & Helix Jacksoni,PRland. 4 chersineHa . Dall. » 2 +, stgnificans, ,, ay Hornit, Gabb. » 10. ,, Febigert , | ; : AJC 1866.2 <> Plate Pp Snes Uae 5 ire po a G hn emi ay by, | | Drawn by E.J Nolan, Philada Bowen & Co. lith & col. Philada. —-—eeemnmrenemnonesn eter ee WORKS ON NATURAL HISTORY; FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. —teaer The following Books, duplicates in my Library, are offered For SALE at the annexed prices, or will be EXCHANGED for Conchological Works. GEORGE W.TRYON, Ur., No. 625 Market Street, Philadelphia. NATURAL HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 19 Vols., 4to., newly boundin half Morocco, with inany, hundred: Colored blatesecccicc celine uicicnus css vcisic cwoe siecle ciesieisciccecissicie $125 00 The following separate Volumes also for sale, in the same binding: MAMMALIA. By J. E. DeKay.- 33 colored plates...........sscccecvccccepeecsccscene 5 00 ORNITHOLOGY. By J. E DeKay. OUD eel COLOLEd | DIULTES